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I    I  . 


PriiitQd    ui\der   direction  of 

SHci-etHiy  of  the  Coinmon'wealtli. 


Edited  I^ 
WIIXLVM   HEsm'  EOLE.M.D. 


VOL.Tiir. 


fe,. 


HAKRISBURG: 

»  M.Busfa>.St«U'  Priutet 


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STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS 


or  THE 


County  Lieutenants 


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•/•   :  :  ^n^i^'f -n^r  .  ... 


•  •   . 


WAR  OF  THE  REVOLUTION, 


1777-1789. 


BDITRD   BY 

WILUAM  H.  HGLE,  M.  D. 


VOLUME    THREE. 


OLARKNCK  M.   BrSCH, 

STATE    PRINTER    OF   PRN'VSVr.VANT  \, 

1896. 


•«•••«•« 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


State  of  the  cocoUDtB  of  Col.  Samuel  Huater,  l,leuteiiaDt 
of  Northumberland,  1TTT-1TS4,   1-14 

State  ot  the  accouots  of  Walter  Clarke  and  William 
Hurray.  Sub- Lieutenants  of  Northumberland,  ITTI-1T83,      IS-IV 

State  ot  the  accounts  of  the  Lieutenants  and  ^ub-Lleu- 
tenanU  of  Bedford,  1777-1781. 2l-:iS 

State  of  the  sccounts  ot  the  Lieutenants  and  Sub-Llfii- 
tenants  of  York,  1777-I7B3 ■.-•l-K 

State  of  the  accounts  of  William  Scott,  Esquire,  Lieu- 
tenant of  York  county,  1783-1784 S3-06 

State  of  the  accounts  ot  William  Scott,  Esquire,  Lieu- 
tenant ot  York  county,  17W-178e 99-102 

State  of  the  accounts  ot  John  Hay,  Bsqulie.  Sub- Lieu- 
tenant of  York  county.  1777-1780 103-114 

State  ot  the  accounts  of  the  Lieutenants  and  Sub-Lleu- 

tenan Is  of  Westmoreland  county,  1777-1783 lIB-13! 

State  of  Ihe  accounts  of  Edward  Cook,  Esquire,  Lieu- 
tenant ot  Westmoreland  county,  1783-1734,  ...' 133-136 

Stale  of  the  accounts  ot  the  Sub-Lieutenants  ot  Wash- 
ington county,  1781-1783 137-144 

State  at  the  accounts  ot  John  Glonlnger,  Esquire,  Lieu- 
tenant of  Dauphin  county.  17Si-175'< 14S-I5S 

Stale  of  the  apcounts  at  G»orse  Cllngnn,  Esquire.  Treas- 
urer ot  Franklin  county.  !Ts:.-178S,  161-172 

State  o(  the  accounts  of  David  Rittenhouse.  Treasurer  of 

Pennsylvania.   1788 173-312 

The   accounts   ot  Isaac   Snowden,    Esquire.   Treasurer  of 

the  city  and  county  of  Philadelphia.  1777-1790 313-351 

State  ot  the  accounts  of  John  Baker,  Esquire.  Treasurer 

of  the  city  and  county  of  Philadelphia,  1786-17S9 353-383 

Report  ot  the  auditors  of  Public  Accounts  of  the  com- 
missioners and  treasurers  ot  the  county  ot  Lancaster, 
1782-1792 3S.i-447 

State  of  the  accounts  ot  William  Perry,  Esquire,  late 
Treasurer  ot  Westmoreland  county,  1783-1788 449-456 

State   of   the    accounts   of    Ephralm    Douglas,    Esquire, 

r  ot  Payette  county,  1785-1791 4.';7-46i 

(ifl) 


iv  «;oNTKNTS. 

Face. 

Slatr  of  th»-  sui'iunls  *A  Ft-t^s  received  by  the  Secretaiy 
of  thf  Supreme  Kxeeutive  CoUneil.  1786-1790 46.!-4v'. 

lif'port  f»f  th*'  Refirisier-Gi?n"ral  relative  to  the  Revenue 
and  Kxi)enditures  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsyl- 
vania.  ITftO 487 

•  »l»s«rvailoiis  un  the  Am«rioan  Revolution,  published  by 
a  FifflohitiMri  nf  the  Congress,  1779 519-6*J2 

The  Payment  Mf  r.<»ans  and  lntores»l  by  the  Congress. 
1780 6::o-«f.r. 

I V. nation  ^r  Military  Tracts  nf  T^and  grantiMl  the 
Soldiers  .»f  th"  l*ennsvlvanla  Lin** 0n7-7S4 


STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS 


Colonel  Samuel  Hunter, 


LIEUTENANT 


NORTHUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 


1777-1784. 


(2) 


STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS  OF  SAMUEL  HUNTER,  ESQ. 
LIEUTESTANT  OF  NORTHUMBBRlLAND  COUNTY,  FROM 
MARCH  1777,  TO  MARCH  178t. 

Samuel  Hunter,  esq.  Dr.  to  Sundries. 

John    M.    N'etbllt,  Cant.  Ho.  SUM.  Bp*cl*. 


do.    13 K    1    • 

1.1  IT   « 

Hon.    Council   o(   SafeW 
RFOclved     per    Gtorgc     Cal- 
boon,   Dec.  ».  ITT* Ml*   • 


n.       July      U. 


Do.        PU      jDM(dl 


Da.     per    Thoniki 


kB  sbnve,   July  ^.      HI  10    0 


mt ,. 


IMIU  « 

m 


4  ACCOUNTS    OF    LIBUTSNANTS. 

Samuel  Hunter,  esq.  Dr.  to  Sundries. 

Ckmt.   mo.  State  mo.  Specie. 

Brought  over.    . .    B559    0    0  C1041  U   » 

Received     per    Jo- 
seph   Hart.    MQ..  ' 
May  3.  do 3750    •    0 

Do.  per  John  Bam- 
brlffht  on  ac- 
count for  imlalnir 
a  company  of 
ran^en.  June  9. 
1780 10000   0    0 

1970'J    0    0 

Do.  for  ralsln^r  a  company 
of  rangers  for  defence  of 
the  frontiers,  Feb.  1781,   ...  •••  ItOOO  000 

Do.  for  rocrultinff  Capt. 
Robinson's  rangrlnir  com- 
pany,   Dec.   8,    1781 000  000  ISOOO 

John  Hambrlsbt.   esq 

Received  of  him*  which  had 
been  sent  from  the  trea- 
sury.  April  10.  in9 S750    qO  000  000 

Matthew  Smith,  esq. 

Received  of  Daniel  Reeo, 
supposed  to  be  a  part  of 
the  monies  paid  to  paid 
Smith    for    the   defence    of 

the  frontiers.  June  8,    1779.  im    q   q  000  0^0 

0«H>.    Wolf.    MQ. .    tub    1I«M1- 
tenant. 

Received  of  him, 
being  fines  col- 
lected. March  6. 
1778 150  15    0 

Do.  Jan.  19.  1779...      897  10    0 

54860  000  OCf: 

William  Murray,    sub  lieu- 
tenant. 

Received  of  blm  beln^  flnex 
collected,   April  in.    1778.    ..  302   0    0  0    0    C  0    >.>    < 

Militia  Fines. 

Received    of    Rob- 

er    Martin,    fines 

coll'Ct<d.       April 

30.    1778 M«  15    0 

Do.  of  Jon.  LodRO, 

shorifT.   do 80    o    0 

Do.    thf   iliu'  Of  C. 

rSoiiRh 22  10    It 

I>«'.        t>r       John 

P.trk.-r.    do fO    0    0 

Of      sh»TifT     'Lfu]go 

for     I..lvinKRtnn'n 


Oarflrd M9    5    0  rW  17    •  100   •    0  110   0   0 


NORTHUMBERLAND  COUNTT. 

Samuel  Hunter,  esq.  Dr.  to  Sundries. 

!r.    ..      M»   »   0  i;j5s  II   (  in   0   0 


John   U.    SrmtM. 
«*,..  J»n.  ».  IITJ. 

13.    ITK.    flM,    (U). 
I».      (r>.     do    M. 

im.    St  w,    col. 


♦;  ACCOUNTS    OF    L.IEUTENANTS. 

Sundries,  Dr.  to  Samuel  Hunter,  esq. 

Cont.   mo.  State  mo.  Specie. 

Brought    over..     706    5    0 

1777 61  19    3 

Do.  for  9  days  pay 

as   quartermaster 

Col.   Kelly's  bat- 
talion, do 8   0   0 

Capt.  John  Foster, 

for  hl8  own  pay, 

and    the    pay    of 

his    company    of 

mi.itia.  da  28,   ..       87    6    0 
Dr.Bennet  for  for- 
age.  July  28.1777.         0  14    6 
Capt. Thomas    Oa»-> 

klns   for  his  own 

pay,  and  the  pay 

o  ■  his  company  of 

mUitla,  Dee.  8...      22  1»   0 
1  <ii.  cookson  Long, 

pay  of  Capt.Wll- 

8. in  and  his  com- 
pany, do.  29 Vf    7    0 

•  *•  orfje  Kelfer wag- 

>ron  hire. carrying 

baggage,   do.  30. .        6   0   0 
Dr.     Ben.     Allison 

for    his    pay    as 

surgeon.    6   days. 

Aug.   1,    4  10    0 

Lieut.  Col.  H.  White 

of  militia,  6  days 

pay,   Sept.  27.    ...         4  10    0 
<'ol.  John   Kelly  of 

do.6do.do.Oct.ie.         5  12    0 
John  ByerH   quarter 

master,    for    pro- 
visions   furnished 

tlie    militia,  do.  3.        10    6    0 
William     Bonham. 

for 291  lb.  beef  fur- 

nislied   do.  Nov.  4,        14  U    0 
William         Bailey. 

quarter      master. 

in     part     of  ^is 

account  of  provl- 

sionp.Nov.  10.  £68. 

and    do.    11.    £45,      111    0    0 
Dr.     Ben.    Allison, 

surgeon,      1st 

class,     col.     Kel- 


Carried 1034    0    3 


NORTHUMBERLAND  COUNTT. 
Sundries.  Dr.  to  S&muel  Hunter,  esq. 
L«r.  .    U»  1  I 


V.I.       John      Kflly 

It     S*M.     to    »xh 

Nor.  1T7T.  do.  », 

■iiDI.Ci..per  Rewl, 

for  mlUtar!'  —r- 
viccx.  Itarch  I!., 
lohn  M'UuUIn  hi* 


hl'<   comimny   tor 
Hill    Urn?.    April 

II.  1T7I 

C>pt.     John    Chkl- 


8  ACCOUNTS    OF    LIEUTENANTS. 

Sundries,  Dr.  to  Samuel  Hunter,  esq. 

Cont.  Mo.  State.  Specie. 

Brought      over,    8069    5    5 

Robert  Martin,  esq. 

for    ferriages    of 

the  militia.   Jan. 

25,   1778 11    8    9 

John    Weltzel.    for 

acting  aa  com- 
missary of  stores 

at     Sunbury,      30 

May  1778 47  10    0 

WiliamSlramn   for 

riding       express, 

July   10.    1778.    ...        11    5    0 
Do.    do.    April    25, 

1779 7  10    0 

John     Basons     for 

pay  of  8   persons 

employed  as  spies 

between  North- 
umberland    town 

and        Licoming. 

Aug.  16.  do 83  15    0 

John  Mahon  do.  do. 

between    Muncey 

Hill    and  Licom- 
ing,  Aug.   28.  do.        45    0    0 
Paid   John   Easons 

for  services  re- 
connoitring be- 
tween   Lycoming 

and  Muncey  Hill 

Aug.   28.    1779.    ...        45    0    0 
Do.     do.     Sept.     6, 

do 16    6    0 

William    King    for 

do.  do 30    0    0 

Thomas     Ferguson 

for  do.   do 71    5    0 

John     Weltzel.     In 

part  pay.  as  su- 
perintendent     of 

the   magazine   at 

Sunbury.  Oct.  14.      285    0    0 
James  Murray,  for 

s^-rvlcos       lecon- 

noltrlng.        Aug. 

19 135    0    0 

Dr.    BenJ.    Allison. 

for  6  months  pay 

as  surgeon,    from 

Ist   April   to  Oct. 

33 20210    0 


Carried 8020  14    2 


NORTHUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

Sundries,  Dr.  to  Samuel  Hunt?r,  esq. 

Cent.    mo.  Blal(  mo.  SiMvte 

W«lt<r    CUrk.   for 
HrKlcu  or  ■  men 

Pater  Gabriel     tor 
bakiDc  1  cv[.  at 

Mcnl    «i>ad1UDB 

diani,     Jalr    ti. 

ITM. una 

Jobn    Wilmll.    In 

11.  do m  w  0 

wliUan.     rampball 
tlon  Oct.  1 'tis    0 

the  balane*  paid, 

3M8    i    2 

Cot.  Jam«  ^Eu^^aT. 

by  ib(  council  of 
-aftij.  Dec.  W. 
1776 W   •   fl 

J0I7H.  ITTI M    0   0 

nUhed  by  talK 
company      o(      ■ 

m«T  «.   "^ IM   0   0 

Andrew  Culbrruon. 

chulns  proTlilons.   Oct.  1. 

Uajor  Robert  Arthur. 


ACCOUNTS    OP    UBUIENANTS. 
Sundries.  Dr.  to  Samuel  Hunter,  est). 

,        Com  Mo.  stale.  Sp«el*. 


IB    mimu    ' 

I,  No.  U.  ITT- 


I.  WIUIWO  Cool 


June  : 


do.  It,  do.      KO   t 


Opt.     ICtmplln'i 
Da,    paid    hliSHlf. 


Capt.  Oeorce  Onnt.  or  i 
p.nniTly»nla  reilment, 
Pulil    him   (or   th* 
reerulllnc        iw- 
vl».      Uar.      V. 
ITia "'    2 


NORTHUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 
Sundries,  Dr.  to  Samuel  Hunter,  esq. 


CAPt.  UcuC-  John  Boyd,  of 


12  ACCOUNTS    OP    LIEUTENANTS. 

Sundries,  Dr.  to  Samuel  Hunter,  esq. 

Cont.  M-».  State.  Specie. 

Brought    over 14412  12?  75    00  60126 

574  flints.  2  powder  kegs, 
and  for  repairing  of  arms, 
and  transportation  of 
arms  and  ammunition,   ....  914  10  'O  0    0    0  5  11    2 

Militia  Expences. 

Paid  sundry  ex- 
presses on  public 
business  for  the 
defence  of  the 
county,  the  fam- 
ilies of  poor  mil- 
itia men  In  the 
service,  capts.  for 
making  returns  of 
male  whites,  ferri- 
ages drummers, 
and  fifers.  station- 
ery. 15 1.  for  a  sub- 
stitute, experoes 
of  conveying  dis- 
tressed families 
from  Fort  Pree- 
tand  and  other 
contingent  expen- 
ces.   1777   to  1781,     1561  18    9 

William  Murray, 
<^sq.,  for  his  ser- 
vices as  sub- 
lieutenant          4  10   0 

William  Wa  son. 
esq.,    for  do 33    4    0 

For  his  own  jwiy 
as  sub-lieutenant 
from  22d  March. 
1777.  to  5th  April, 
1779.  667  days  at 
229.  6d.,  from  the 
5th  April,  in9. 
to  10th  of  Oct. 
160  days,  at  S7s. 
6d..  from  lOth  of 
0»t.  1779.  to  20th 
March.  1780.  US 
days  at  6  I.  In  all    1758    7    6 

Ditto,  from  20th 
Mar..  1780.  to 
21st  .Tune,  1781. 
employed  37G  days 
at  80  1.  per  day, .  112"j0    0    0 


14597  10    8 


Do.   from  21st  June.    1781.    to 

Carried 29924  13    8  T5    0    0  66  U    8 


NORTHUMBERLAND  COUNTT.  1 

Sundries,  Dr.  to  Samuel  Hunter,  eeq. 

Cuni.  Uo.  auu.  &p*c1«. 


ncyol  tti  >-ti]al> 


Col.  Samuel  Hunter,  esq.  Dr. 

'  State  mo. 

To  balance  of  the  foregoiog  account 

duo  to  the  state 26    0    0 

To  funded  debt, 

For  sundry  certificates  Issued  agree- 
able to  act  of  assembly.  April  1, 
178< 0    0    0 


By  balance  of  tbe  foregolns  account 
In  favour  of  col.  Hunter.  £3830  0  9. 
continental  money,  equal  to 

Do.  do.     In  specie 


Examined  and  settled. 


JOHN   NICHOLSON. 


Pblladelphla.  April  6,  1 


14  ACCOUNTS    OF    L,IEUTENANTS. 


The  Accounts  of  Walter  Clarke,  William  Murray,  George 
Wolf,  and  William  Watson,  esquires,  Sub-Lieutenants,  have  not 
been  rendered  for  Settlement. 


STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS 

Walter  Clarke  and  William  Murray, 

SUB-LIEUTENANTS 
NORTHUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 


1777-178J. 


WALTER  CLARKE.  Eeq.  Dr.  to  Militia  Fines. 

Received  from  sundry  peraons,  their  fines  for  not  marching 
with  the  militia,  viz.  Detrlck  Werti,  £20;  Abraham  Treley, 
£20;  Adam  Colpetzer.  £20;  David  Duncan.  £30;  David  Welle, 
£20;  John  Shlbley.  £30;  Daniel  Verner,  £30;  Jamea  Watson, 
£30;  Henrv  Gethart,  £20;  Chrlattan  Shlbley,  £25;  David  Smith, 
£30;  James  Toung,  £18  15;  John  Baker,  £30;  John  Thompson. 
£30;  James  M'Kelvey,  £20;  John  Gilleland,  £20;  James  M'Cord, 
£20;  Daniel  Cook,  £40;  Philip  Hoy,  £G;  Jacob  Miller.  £10;  Corne- 
lius Demfey.  £5;  John  Mitchell.  £S;  of  sheriff  Lodge  by  Col. 
Hunter's  order.  £40.  Likewise  exercise  flees  of  Capt.  William 
Grar,  25  s;  and  of  Capt.  William  Ir- 

wine,  10  a;  In  all,  £520  10    0 

Balance  due  to  Col,  Clarke,  equal  to  £86  3  4  specie. 

Including  £36  IT  6  specie,  tor  his  pay.  2520    2    3 


£3040  12    3 


CONTRA  Cr. 
United  States. 
Paid  Capt,  John  Forster.  for  the  pay 

of  his  company  of  the  first  class. 

Jan.  13,  1778 310    8 

CbrisCtan  Storm,  for  a  blanket.  March 

12.  do,,  2    5 

Capt.    Geo.    Obermier,    for     warning 

dClasses,  June  8,  do 2  10 

William  Shields,  for  a  blanket,  June 

10,  ditto 2  10 

James  Thompson. for  warning  classes, 

October  13.  do 3    0 

John  Cryder.  for  ditto,  do.  26.  do. 4  10 

Capt.  William  Gray,  for  ditto.   Dec. 

23.  do 5    0 

Capt.  Samuel  Young,  tor  ditto.  Jan. 

25,  1779,   4     0 

Capt.  Forster,  (or  ditto  12lh  ditto,...  4  10 

Robert  Clarke,  tor  a  blanket  lost  at 

the   Gulph    mills.   In  action,   ditto 

26th  ditto.  7  10 

Military  Stores. 
Paid  sundry  persons  for  5  rifles,  6  musquets, 
flints,  a  socket  and  wiper,  for  repairing  ar 
and  tor  carriage  ot  ditto  and  ammunition,. . 


]S  ACCOUNTS    OF    LIEUTENANTS. 

Sundries  Dr.  to  Walter  Clarke,  Esq.  brought  over,        £518  18    0 

Militia  Expences. 

Paid  expresses  on  sundry  occasions, 
for  making  returns  of  male  whites, 
for  services  at  appeals,  repairing 
drums,  and  clerk  hire 48  16    9 

For  his  own  pay  as  sub-lieutenant 
from  March  1777  to  21st  April  1781, 
employed  256  days, 2436    0    0 

For  his  own  pay,  from  21st  June  1781 
to  1st  April  1783,  employed  59  days 

at  12  s  6  specie 36  17    6 

2521  14    3 

£3040  12     3 

Comptroller  General's  Office.  Examined  and  Settled, 

June  23,  1784.  JOHN  NICHOLSON. 

Walter  Clarke,  Esq.  Dr.  to  Funded  Debt.  Specie. 

Received  a  certificate  agreeable  to  Act,  April  1st, 
1784,    86     3     4 

Contra  Cr. 
By  Balance  above,  brought  down £86    3    4 


ACCOUNTS     OF     WILLIAM     MURR.W.     ESQUIRE.     FROM 

MARCH  1777,  TO  MARCH,  1780. 

WILLIAM  MURRAY.  Esq.  Dr.  to  Militia  Fines, 

Received  from  sundry  persons,  their  fines  before  13th  April, 
1778,  viz.  Alter  Emniins.  £20;  Daniel  Fields.  £20:  Thomas  Clay- 
ton. £20;  Matthew  Russell.  IL'O;  Georpe  Walker.  £20;  Joseph 
Berry.  £20:  Morgan  Jenkins.  £2;):  John  Bell.  £20;  Garret  Van- 
campen,  £20;  Willinni  Hlaok.  £24;  Thomas  Oar.  £24;  William 
Hamill,  £20;  Samupl  Shaw.  £3U;  Isaac  Willets,  £30;  William 
Hartford.  £3(>;  Benjamin  t^praig,  £;:0;  :?amuel  Cluke.  £24;  George 
Doughertv.  £30;  James  Hollsworth.  £^0;  John  Scott.  £24;  Philip 

Davis.   i'M) £506    0    0 

Received  from  sundry  persons  for 
non-attendance  upon  days  of  exer- 
cise          39    0    0 

Ditto  ditto,  for  not  marching  in  their 
tours,  from  April  1778  to  Jan.  1779,.       250    0    0 

795    0    0 

Balance  due  to  Wm.  Murray,  Esq.  equal  to  £10  1»>  6  324  15  10 


£1119  15  10 


NORTHUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

CONTRA  Cr. 

James  Murray,  Esq. 

Paid   bim   tor    tbe   use  of   bis  company  of   six 
montbs  men,  October  21,  1778,  

Samuel  Hunter,  Esq.  Lieutenant. 

Paid  bim  qn  account  of  fines  collected,  April  16, 
1778 

United  States. 

Paid    Thomas   Gaskins   for    warning 

tbe  militia  to  marcb,  Jan.  11,  1779,.  5    0    0 

Ditto,  sundry  expreHses,  ditto  ditto...  4  17    6 

Do.    Frederick  Stone,  expencea  of  a 
guard,  do 1    2    6 


Military  Stores. 

Paid  sundry  persons  for  7  musquets,  1  rifle,  1 
bayonet  sling,  2  lbs  powder,  e%  lbs  lead,  re- 
pairing arms,  expences  procuring  arms  and  am- 
munition  

Militia  Expences. 

Paid  ten  substitutes  hired  to  serve  in 

tbe  militia 204    0    0 

Ditto  tor  taking  returns  of  male 
whites,  and  tor  attendance  at  ap- 
peals  ' 10    0    0 

For  his  own  services  as  sub-lleuiec- 
ant,  from  March  1777,  to  20th 
March  1780.  employed  172  days,  per 
account,   336    0    0 


Examined  and  settled, 

JOHN  NICHOLSON. 


(20) 


STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS 

Lieutenants  and   Sub-Lieutenants 

BEDFORD  COUNTY. 


I777-I783. 


(22) 


STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS  OF  JOHN  PIPER,  EJSQUIRE, 
LATE  LIBXJTBNANT  OF  BEDFORD  COUNTT,  FROM 
MARCH  1777  UNTIL  OCTOBER  30TH,  1780. 

JOHN  PIPER,  Esq.  Lieut.  Dr.  To  Sundrlee. 

David  RitlenhouBe.  Esq.  Treasurer. 

Received  by  Order  of  Council  per  R. 

Galbraith.  Eaq.  July  8, 1777 £1E0  0  0 

Do.  do.    November  27,    do 300  0  D 

Do.  do.  per  Win.  Halllday,  Dec.  9,  do.  400  0  0 

Do.  do.  per  H.  Davison,  Feb.  3,  1778,.  200  0  0 

Do.  do.          do.  22,  1779 1000  0  0 

Do.  do.  per  Dr.  Gardner,  May  9,  1780,  BOOO  0 


£7050    0 


Militia  Ffnes. 


Received  from  Richard  Klmber  £5.  Robert  Brad- 
abaw  flO.  EliBha  Logltor  £10.  John  M'Gauchey 
£10.  Wm,  Eccles  £1  10.  William  Cowen  £10 
Samuel  Davidson  £30.  Daniel  Map  tl5,  and 
Jos.  Friend  £25,  being  all  the  fines  received  by 
Wm, 116  10    0 

Btlance  due  by  the  State, equal  to  £37  18  6  specie,         910    4    3 

£8076  14    2 

Sundries  Dr.  To  John  Piper,  Esq.  Lieutenant  of  Bedford  County. 
United  States. 

Paid  George  Shortly  tor  riding  ex- 
press September  19th,  1778 £3  15    0 

Obadlah  Leaton,  for  carriage  of  pr»- 
Tlslons.  August  33th,  do 7  10    0 

Widow  Dopgood.  for  a  pension  de- 
creed by  court  for  a  soldier,  wound- 
ed In  the  service.  May  29th.  1779,. .         22  10     0 

William  Parker,  tor  400  lb.  of  heef, 
and  814  cwt,  flour  tor  the  use  ot  tbe 
militia,  Septembpr  20£h,  1778 102  10    0 

Paid  Major  Robert  ChigRage,  being 
for  a  like  sum  paid  hy  him  for  85?i 
lb.  dried  beet,  and  14  lb  pork,  de- 
livered tor  tbe  militia  20th  May 
1780,    279     7     6 

Adam  Toung,  for  135  Ih,  bacon  for 
tbe  mlUtia,  May  ZOth,  1779 16  17    6 

Robert  Cluggage.  for  riding  express 
and  for  pay  ot  a  guard.  May  2lBt, 
1780 91  17    6 

Carried  over £524    7    6 

(23) 


24  ACCOUNTS    OF    LIE  UTx^.N  ANTS. 

Sundries  Dr.  to  John  Piper,  Esq. 

United  States,   brought  forward,    £524    7    6 

Moses  Reed,  for  19^^  gallons  of  whis- 
key for  the  use  of  the  militia, 
March  23,  1779 17  11    0 

Thomas  Thompson,  for  13^  lb.  of 
bacon  for  the  use  of  the  militia, 
June  1st,  1780,  39    0    0 

James  Little,  for  6  bushels  of  corn  for 

do.  do.  22d,  do 60    0    0 

Henry  Heness,  for  6  do.  do.  July 
10th,  do 72    0    0 

Daniel  Guthrie,  for  carriage  of  flour 
for  the  militia,  June  21st, 64  10    0 

Obadiah  Leaton,  for  carrying  flour  for 
militia,  May  4th,  1779, 6    0    0 

Asher  Leaton,  for  do.  Aug.  13th,  1778.  0  18    3 

John  Canan,  for  provisions  furnished 
the  militia,  do.  8th  do 121  17    6 

Jacob  Roller,  do.    do.    do.    1st,  do...        41    6  11 

Hugh  Simpson,  for  shoeing  pack 
horses  employed  carrying  provi- 
sions for  the  militia  in  state  mo. 

January.  1784 0  10    0 

948     1     2 

Thomas  Urie,  sen. 

Paid  him  on  account.  1777, 30    0    0 

Thomas  Urie,  Jun. 

Paid  him  on  account,  1777 37  10    0 

James  Martin,  Esq.  Sub-Lieutenant. 
Paid  him  on  account,  Mar.  16th,  1778,      £50    0    0 

Ditto     ditto     ditto 20    0     0 

Ditto    do.     per  Rob.  Galbraith.  1777.        18  15    0 


Edward  Coombe,  Esq.  Sub-Lieutenant. 

Paid  him  on  acount,  per  R.  Galbraith, 

1777,    £75     0  0 

Ditto            ditto 140    5  0 

Ditto            ditto 41     5  0 

Ditto  per  Thomas  Croffan,  1780, 315  15  0 


88  15    0 


572    5    0 


William  Holliday.  jun.  Sub-Lieutenant. 
Paid  him  on  account,  1777 22     1     0 

William  Holliday.  sen.  Paymaster,  &c. 

Paid  him  per  David  Rittenhouse.  Esq.  to  pur- 
chase provisions,  see  his  account.  De»'em.  9th. 
1777 400    00 

John  Morgan.  Commissary. 

Paid  him  to  purchase  provisions.  May 

29th.  17S0 £37r>     0     0 


Carried  over,   £375    0    0        2098  12    2 


BEDFORD  COUNTY. 
SuDdriee  Dr.  to  John  Piper,  Esq. 

John  Morgan,  brought  forward £375    0  0 

Paid    lilm    to    purchase    pravlslooi', 

June  5tli.  17S0 1125    0  0 

Ditto  October  7th,  do 187  10  0 


Hugh  Davidson,  Esq.  Sub- Lieu  ten  ant. 


February  1778, 


t  per  David  Ri.tten^ousa,  Esq, 


Major  Robert  Cluggage. 

Paid  him  lor  the  pay  of  a  detachment  of  Bedford 
county  militia  on  account.  May  2l8t,  1780 

Military  Stores. 

Paid  in  Shippensburg  for  40  flints,...  £5    0  0 

John  Cesna  for  carriage  of  arms, 94  10  0 

Paid  Rob  Moore  carriage  of  ammuni- 
tion   10    0  0 

Samuel  Thompson  ditto.  17    5  0 

Will.   Jones   his    bills   for    repairing 

arms.  13118  6 

Jacob  Saylor  ditto     ditto,   22     8  6 

William  Holliday  for  100  gun  flints,. .  37  10  0 
H.    Dldler   for    66   lb.    lead   delivered 

Thomas  Smith,  Esq.  June  1780 420  15  0 

Joseph  M'Parrao  for  carriage  of  mili- 
tary stores 210    0  0 

WilUam  Jones  for  repairing  arms,...  402  12  6 
Samuel  Thompson   for  carriage  am- 
munition.    6  10  0 

Militia  Espencea. 

Paid  sundrv  persons  for  taking  re- 
turns of  the  (lifTerent  townships.  ..         48    0     0 

Paid  Judges  tor  services  at  appeals.. .        15    0    0 

Paid  George  Shortly  express  June 
20th.  1780 39    0    0 

Paid  Geo.  Elder  for  his  services  as 
clerk  from  1777  111!  October  18th, 
1780 300     0    0 

For  bis  pay  as  Lieutenant  ot  Bedford 
county,  from  Mar.  1777  till  October 
1780.  employed  358  days 2033  12    6 

Paid  Robert  Oalbralih  per  the  afflda- 
vU  of  said  Galhraith.  a  fee  in  the 
case  of  Samuel  Davidson  [cr  a  mili- 
tia flne  Incurred,  which  he  refused 
to  pay,   1778 13     5    U 


26  ACCOUNTS    OF    LIEUTENANTS. 

Sundries    Dr.    to    John    Piper,    Esq. 

Militia  Expenses,  brought  forward,  £2448  17    6        5568  11    8 
Paid  Tho.  Crossan  for  money  distri- 
buted as  almoner,  June  1780 59    5    0 

2508    2    6 


£8076  14    2 


John  Piper,  Esq.   Dr.   to  David   Rlttenbouse,  Esq. 
Rec.  of  him  on  order  of  council.  Mar.  29th,  1787,      £37  18    6 
Contra  Cr. 
By  balance  of  the  foregoing  account 37  18    6 


State  of  the  Accounts  of  Thomas   Urie,  sen.   Esq.  late  Sub- 
Lieutenant,  Bedford  County. 

Thomas  Urie,  Esq.  Dr.  To  Sundries. 

Military  Stores. 

RECEIVED  from  David  Rittenhouse,  Esq.  on  order 

of  Council,  March  31st.  1778 £97  10    0 

John  Piper,  Esq.  Lieutenant. 
Received  from  him  on  account 30    0    0 


121  10    0 


Contra  Cr. 

By  Military  Stores. 

Paid  sundry  persons  for  55  gun  flints.  0  12  fi 
Paid     Andrew    Gibson     for    hauling 

arms 44  10  0 

Do.  William  Henry.  Esq.  do 7  10  0 

By  Militia  Expen.ses. 

For  his  services  as  Sub-Linutonant. 
from  September  1777  until  March 
1778,  employed  45  days 45  10   *0 

Paid  John  Woods  £3.  for  clerking, 
and  £0.  to  an  express 9    0    0 


58  12    6 


54  10    0 


Balance  due  to  the  State,  equal  to  £1  13    r,  specie.  8    7    6 

121  10    0 


BEDFORD  COUNTY.  27 

SUte  Of  the  Accouots  ot  Thomas  Urie,  Jun.  Baq.  late  Sub- 
Lieutenant  of  Bedford  County,  during  the  time  he  acted  as 
such. 

Thomas  Urle,  Jun.  Esq.  Dr.  To  John  Piper.  Baq.  late  Lieutenant. 

Received  of  him  on  account,  1777 37  10    0 

Balance  due  by  the  Stale,  equal  to  2-8  specie 4    0    0 

41  10    0 
Contra  Cr. 
By  Militia  Bipencea. 
For    hlfl   service   as  Sub- Lieu  ten  ant, 

employed  36  days.  40    0    0 

Paid  for  clerking 1  10    0 


State  of  the  account  of  William  Holliday.  jun.  Esq.  late  Sub- 
Lieutenant  of  Bedford  County,  wbilat  he  continued  to  act. 
William  Holliday.  Jun.  Esq.  Dr.  to  Sundries. 
John  Piper,  Esq.  late  Lleutensnt. 

Received  of  hira  on  account  1777  22    1    0 

Balance  equal  to  £11    8    5  specie 59    9  10 

SI  10  10 
Contra   Cr. 
By  Militia  Bipences. 
For  his  services  as  Sub   Lieutenant 

employed  74  days £76     0     0 

For  clerk  hire  and  o!her  expencea.  . .  5  10  10 

81  10  10 

William  Holliday,  jun.  Dr.  to  Funded  Debt. 
For  a  certificate  No.  3385  delivered  for  the  balance 
due 11    S    B 


r  balance  of  the  above  account 11    8 


State  of  the  .Accounts  of  Hugh  Davidson,  Esq.  late  Sub-Lieu- 
tenant of  Beilford  County. 
Hugh  Davidson.  Esq.  Dr.  to  Sundries. 
John  Piper,  Esq.  late  Lieutenant, 
RBCETVED  of  Da.  Rlttenhouse,  Esq. 


200     0     0 


28 


ACCOUNTS    OF    LIEUTENANTS. 


Sundries  Dr.  to  Hugh  Davidson,  Esq. 
Sub-Lieut,  brought  forward £200    0    0 

Edward  Coombe,  Esq.  Sub-Lieutenant. 
Received  of  him  on  account,  36    0    0 

Militia  Fines. 

Received  from  sundry  persons  their  fines  per  list, 
incurred,   1777  &   1778,    331    2    0 


£567    2    0 


James  Martin,  Esq.  Sub-Lieutenant. 
Paid  him  on  account,  February  11th  1778 75    0    0 

Edward  Coombe,  Esq.  Sub-Lieutenant. 
Paid  him  on  account,  per  receipt.  Feb.  12th  1778,  . .         20    0    0 

Military  Stores. 

Paid  James  Bell  for  a  musket 6    0  0 

James  Coyle    for    carrying    ammuni- 
tion   5  17  0 

Rowland    Harris    for   carrying   arms 

&  do 17    0  0 

Christian  Friley  for  do 15    0  0 

43  17    0 


United  States. 

Paid  John  Morgan  for  60  days  hire 
of  a  pack  horse  and  for  3  bushels 
of  oats.  March  26th.  177S 11  17     6 

Di:to  for  flour  for  the  militia  on  their 
march 5    «.»    0 


Militia  Expence>:. 

Paid  12  substitu:e:i  hired  to  serve  in 
The  militia,  at   i'2T\  each 

Paid  for  taking  rt- turns  oos.  and  for 
paper  10s 

Paivl   for  oolltH^:ing  militia  fines.   ... 

For  his  own  se-vioes  as  Sub-Lienten- 
.ir.:.    ST    davs 


:^0« 

0 

0 

A 

o 

^ 

0 

21 

-> 

6 

ST 

«^ 

0 

16  17     f 


411     T     6 
£«V:T     2     0 


BEDFORD  COUNTY,  29 

Account  o(  Delinquent  Flnea.  Hugh  Davison  Sub- Lieu  tenant. 


::z. : 

^-TL^r* ;*« ; 

John  P^ir^ab 

....        6   «   1. 

:::;  «« I 

William  vrrig-M 

-  '\  1 1 

Jama    Itur.1 

state  of  the  Accounts  of  Edward  Coombe,  Esq.  late  Sub-Lieu- 
tenant of  Bedford  County,  from  March  ITT7  until  August  1780. 

Edward  Coombe.  Esq.  Sub-Lieutenant  Dr.  to  Sundries. 

John  Ptper,  Esq.  late  Lieutenant. 
RECEIVED  of  hini  at  sundry  times,  per  receipts.         25S  10    0 

Hugh  Davison,  Esq.  Siib-Lleu tenant. 
Received  of  him  on  account,  per  receipt  Feb.  12, 


Mlilii^ 


Fines. 


Received  as  follows,  viz.  From  John  Sweyler, 
201.  Nafh.  Rular,  51.  John  Morton,  401.  Wil- 
liam Morton.  10  1.  Moses  Morton,  401.  John 
Truai.  151.  John  Smith.  151.  James  M'Cormlck. 
301.  Moses  Gttrdon.  101.  William  Anderson,  31. 
Nath,  Rular.  51.  John  Guthrev.  201.  John 
risher,   50  i.   Daniel   Piskle,   51 

Balance  due  to  Edward  Coombe 


30  ACCOUNTS    OF    LIEUTENANTS. 

Sundries  Dr.  to  Edward  Coombe,  Esq.  Sub-Lieutenant 
Hugh  Davison,  Esq.  Sub-Lieutenant. 
Paid  him  on  account 86    0    0 

Bernard  Dougherty,  Esq.  County  Treasurer. 

Paid  him  a  balance,  Sept.  29.  1779,  . .       £14  15    0 
Do.  on  account,  April  30th,  1780 230    0    0 


244  15    0 


Militia   Expences. 

Paid  sundry  persons  attending  ap- 
peals, taking  returns  of  male 
whites,  noticing  the  militia  and 
clerking 43  10    0 

For  his  services  as  Sub-Lieutenant, 
from  May  1777,  till  September  17S0, 
employed  121  days 222  12    0 


266    2    0 
546  17    0 


State  of  the  Accounts  of  James  Martin,  Esq.  Sub-Lieutenant 
of  Bedford  County,  from  March  1777,  till  March  1780. 

James  Martin,  Esq.  Sub-Lieutenant,  Dr.  To  Sundries. 

John  Piper.  Esq.  late  Lieutenant. 

RECEIVED     of     him     on     account, 

March   IGih,   1778,    £50     0     0 

Do.  do 20     0     0 

Do.  do.    per    Robert    Gal- 

braith,  1777,   ...         18  15    0 


88  15    0 


Hugh  Davison.  Esq.  Sub-Lieutenant. 

Received  of  him  on  account,  Febr.  11th,  1778, 75    0    0 

Militia  Fines. 

Received  the  following  fines,  viz.  From  Gideon 
Ritchie,  8  1.  and  from  John  Cesna,  supposed  to 
be  a  part  of  the  fine  of  Thomas  Johnston,  say, 
3  1 11     0    0 

Balance  due  to  Col.  Martin 29  17    6 


204  12     6 


Contra   Cr. 

By  Militia  Expences. 

Paid  for  substitute  money  to  3  substitutes,  judges 
for  services  at  appeals,  sundry  persons  for  tak- 
ing returns  and  noticing  militia,  and  for  97 
days  pay  as  Sub-Lieut 204  12    6 

204  12    6 


BEDFORD  COUNTY. 


Sundriea  Dr.  To  George  Ashman,  Esq.  LleuteoaDt. 

MllUla  Expences. 

For  bis  services  aa  Lieutenant  from 
the  lat  December  1780.  until  the 
21sl  June.  1781.  employed  59V4 
days,  at  30 1.  Is  1875  1.  equal  to  ... .        26  15    6 

Do.  do.  from  tbe  21st  June  1781,  un- 
til the  1st  of  April  1TS3,  employed 
8714  days,  at  15  s 63  12     6 

Paid  an  express,  and  for  stationary,         2    8    6 

United  States. 


Xote,  Colonel  Ashman  had  the  sup  erln  ten  dance  of  the  second 
battalion  more  particularly,  and  received  no  fines,  nor  were 
any  Incurred  therein  during  the  period  aforesaid. 


Edward  Coombe,  Esq.  Dr.  To  Sundries. 
lohn  Piper.  Esq.  late  Lieutenant. 


Militia  Fines. 

Received  from  Bundry  persons  of  the 
1st  halation,  their  tines  for  non- 
performance of  militia  duty,  in- 
curred within  the  period  aforesaid, 
vli.  50 1.  Cont.  Mon,  of  James 
HlgRS,  £7  10  0  specie  of  John  M'- 
Klnly,  £10  6  3  do.  of  Wm,  Pat- 
terson, and  22s  6  of  Zach.  Smith,  .. 

Balance  due  hy  tbe  State 


32 


ACCOUNTS    OF    lilEUTENANTS. 


Sundries  Dr.  To  Edward  Coombe,  Esq.  late  Sub-Lieutenant 

Specie. 


Balance  due  at  last  settlement,  

Militia  Expences. 

For  his  services  as  Sub-Lieutenant, 
from  the  27th  of  Decem'ber  1780, 
till  21st  of  June  1781,  employed  14 
days,  at  25 1 

Do.  from  the  21st  of  June 
1781,  to  the  1st  of  April 
1783,  employed  106  days, 
at  12b  6    

For  the  services  of  the 
magistrates  at  appeals, 
for  expresses,  clerk  hire 
and  stationary 


Cont.  Mo. 
2    7    0 


350    0    0 


£66    5    0 


14    5    8 


i 


Dniance  due  to  the  State, 


13    8    0 
365  15    0 


Edward  Coombe,  Esq.  Dr. 
To  Balance  above  £13    8.  Cont.  Mon.  equal  to 

Funded   Debt. 

Delivered  a  certificate  Oct.  22d,  1784,  for  the  bal- 
ance,     


Contra  Cr. 
By  Balance  above, 


80  10    8 

£80  10    8 

Specie. 
£0    6    1 


61    5  10 


£61  11  11 
61  11  11 


Note.  The  amount  of  the  outstanding  fines  in  Col.  Coombe^s 
district,  which  were  Incurred  within  the  period  aforesaid,  but 
not  yet  paid,  amount  to  £232    5    2  specie. 


State  of  the  Accounts  of  Robert  Culbertson,  Esq.  late  Sub- 
Lieutenant  of  Beilford  County,  from  March  1780.  till  April 
Ist.  17S3. 

Mllltla  Expences.  Dr.  To  Robert  Culbertson.  Esq.  Sub  Lieut. 

For  his  pay  as  Sub-Lieutenant,  from 
the  tst  of  July  17S0.  until  the  21st 
of  June  17S1.  employed  47  davs.  at 
25 1.  1  150  1.  equal  to   17    S    0 

Do.  from  21st  of  June  ITSl.  till  1st 
of  April  17$o.  emploved  11  days,  at 

12s  6 6  17    ti 

--         -  £24     5    6 

Note.  No  fines  were  inourrtd  or  nveivtM  In  Ool    Oulbt^rtson's 

district,  during  the  i>eriod  aU^ve  mentiv^ntM. 


BEDFORD  COUNTY.  33 

S:ate  of  the  Accounts  or  Janiea  Martin,  Esq.  Sub- Lieu  tenant, 
from  March  1T80,  until  April  let,  1TS3 
James  Martin.  Esq.  Sub-Lieutenant,  Dr.  To  Sundries. 
Militia  Fines.  Cant.  Mo.  Specie. 

Received  from  TIdball.  his  flne.         7  10    (I 

Received  from  John  Elder.  £7  10. 
John  Friend,  £7  5.  William  Lea- 
ton.  10  s.  Isaac  Plummer.  30  s.  Cas- 
per Nick,  £7  10.  Abram  Armlne, 
£7  10.  John  Tygart,  £4  3.  Alex. 
Huston,     £7  10.     James    Spurgeon, 

£7  10 50  18    0 

Balance  due  by  the  State 2536    2    6  50  19    3 

2543  12     6  101  17     3 


Sundries  Dr.  To  James  Martin,  Esq.  Sub-Lieutenant. 
Balance   due   last   Account 29  IT    6 


Military  Stores. 
Paid     Jacob    Baylor,    tor     repairing 
arms,  and  12  pairs  ot  wipers.  Aug. 
and  Sept.  1779 57  15 

United  States. 
Paid     David     Organ     for 
services     done     by     his 

pedltlon.    October    5lh, 

1782 G  12     3 

David  Irwin,  for  do.  do.        3    0    0 

Duncan  M'Sparren.  for 
do 1  10    0 

Thomas  Woods,  for  car- 
riage of  ammiiitlon  and 
clothing  for  the  ran- 
gers   from    Carlisle    to 


24  19 

Militia   Expences. 

For  bis  services  as  Sub- 

Lleutenant.     from 

March    ITSO.   until    21st 

January  ITSl.  92  days. 

at   251 2300     0     0 

Paid  John  Woods  at  sun- 
dry times  for  clerking.    156    0    0 

2156    0    0 

Paid  sundry  persons  for 
stationary £1     5    0 

Carried  over £1     5    0      2543  12     6  24  19 

3-7-3d  Ser. 


34  ACCOUNTS    OF    LIEUTENANTS. 

Sundries  Dr.  To  James  Martin,  Esq.  Sub-Lieutenant. 

Cont.  Mo.  Specie. 

Militia  Expences,  bro'c 
forw £1     5     0      2543  12     6  £24  19     9 

Paid  the  almoners,   0    7    6 

Judges  for  attending 
Courts  of  Appeal 6    0    0 

George  Woods  and  David 
Organ,  for  clerking,   . .        3    0    0 

I'^or  his  own  pay  as  Sub- 
Lieut,  from  21st  June 
1781,  to  1st  April  1783, 

106  days,  at  123  6 66    5    0 

76  17    6 


2543  12     6  101  17     3 


James  Martin,  Esq.  Dr.  To  George  Ashman,  Esq.  late  Lieuten- 
ant. 

Received  by  order  of  said  Ashman, 
from  George  Enslow.  at  sundry 
times 47  15    5 

Halance  due  to  James  Martin 41  11    3 


89    6    8 


Contra  Cr. 

By  balance  of  :he  farogoing  account, 

£2536    2    6  Com  Men.  equal  to  . . .  38    7    5 

Halance  aforesaid  in  specie 50  19    3 


89    6    8 


Examined  and  settleii, 

JOHN    NICHOLSON. 

Ccmptrollei   Generais  Oi!ice,\ 
January  3d.  17S6.  » 


James   Martin.   Esq.    Dr. 

By  balance  of  the  foregvMUje  aoc.nint £41  11  Z 

BalauvV  due  by  James  Martin 47  15  S 

$9    iS  8 


BEDFORD  COUNTY. 


To  David  RiHenUouse.  Esq.  Treasurer, 
Received  on  an  order  ot  Conned,  Jan. 
7th.  1786 

To  Funded  Debt. 


Examined  and  Settle. I, 


JOHN  NICHOLSON. 


STATE  OF  THIi  ACCOUNTS 


Lieutenant  and  Sub-Lieutenants 


YORK  COUNTY. 


'777-'78j- 


STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS  OF  RICHARD  M'CALISTER. 
ESQ-  LATE  LIEUTENANT  OF  YORK  COUNTY.  FROM 
THE  TIME  OF  HIS  APPOINTMENT,  MARCH,  1777.  TO 
MARCH,  1780. 

Richard   M'CalUler,  esq.  lale  Lieutenant,  Pr.  To  Sundries. 
David  RltteDhouse.  esq.  treasurer. 

Received  at  him  for  raising  the  mili- 
tia. June  14.  1777 £11)00     0     0 

Do.   per   T.    Matlack,   esq.    August   1. 

do 3000    0    0 

4000     0     0 

Hans  Morrison,  esq.  late  Bub  lieutanant, 

Received  ot  him  on  accaunt.  August 

«.  1777 252  15  0 

Do.            do.                     March  26,  1778,  1502  0  0 

Do.            do.                        July  30.     do.  76  12  6 

Do.            do                        Dec.  11.     do.  300  0  0 

Do.  per  capt.  Stockier,  July  12.     do.  337  10  0 

Do,  per     do.                      June  19,     do.  225  0  0 

Do.  per  capt.  Campbell.  July  17.     di.  225  0  0 

D3.                                       Jan.       4.  1779.  30O    0  0 

Do.                                        May   18.   1780.  317  11  3 


Robert  Stevenscn,  esq.  late  eub  lieutenant. 

Received  of  him  on  account.  March 

20.  1778 750     0 

Do.  April  20.  1778,  281  5 
Do.  June  30,  do.  750  0 
Do.  Dec.  21,  do.  750  0 
Do.  March  3.  1779.  535  10 
Do.  per  William  Scott,  esq.  pav  mas- 
ter. Feb.   18,   177S 1875     0 

Do.           do.                      June  5.    do.  1125    0 

Do.             do.                         Feb,  20.  1779,  375     0 

John  Hay.  esq.  lale  sub  lieutenant. 

Received  of  him  on  account.  March 

20,  1778 1875     0 

Do.           do.                   April  24.    do.  412  10 

Do.            do.                          Feb.  9.  1779,  637  10    ■ 

Carried  over 2925    0 

(39) 


ID  ACCOUNTS    OF    LlliUTEN  VXTS. 

Richard   M'Callsier.   esq.  Dr.   to  suudrle 

Brought  over £2925    0  0 

Do.  per  Wm.  Scott,  esq.  pay  master. 

July  3,  1778 S62  10  0 

Do.                                        Aug.  20.    do,  4)2  10  0 

Do.           do.                    Sept.  26.    do.  Sd?  10  0 

Do,             .io.                        Feb.     7.     do.  2125    0  0 

Do.             do.                        Oct.      6,  177B.  IBfi     7  0 

Jamea  M'Canillcss,  esq.  Ute  sub  Ileutent, 
Received  ot  biiu  on  account.  June  31. 

177S 378  14    6 

Do.     Feb.  B,  1779. 85    2     6 

John  Carson,  esq,  sub  lieutenant. 
Received  ot  him  on  aceutinl,  August 

6.  1777 252  IB  0 

Do.           do,                  March  28.  1778,  726    1  3 

Do.           do.                  Sept.     1!U.    do.  6E9  10  0 

Do.           do.                  Feb,      20,  177B,  370    0  0 

John  Travis,  esq.  sub  lieiilenaiil. 


n;ms   ;t   9 


YOKK   COUNTY. 

Richard  M'Callater.  esq.  Dr.  to  sundriea. 

Brought  over £8724    6    1    £23229 

Heceivert  of  colonel   William   RankEn 

In  CBsb  and  certificates,  Jan.  4, 1779,      100    0    0 
Received  o[  col.  Joseph  JefTerles.  5tb 

battalion,  do.  255  15    0 

do.  do.  65    0    6 

of  the  8th  battalion,  do.  26     B    0 

Of  col.  Jefferles,  of  5th  bat- 
talion. Feb,  27,  1779 121  ll)    0 

o[   John    Hay.    esq.        do  113  10    0 

of  col.  Joseph  Jerferles,  5th 
battalion.  do.  201  15    0 

of  Henry  Slagle.  esq.  mus- 
ter Snes  of  his  battalion 
Oct.  18,  1779,   332  12 

or  .Andrew  Smith  In  part 
of  his  muster  Ones,  Nov. 
4.  1779 9  15    0 

of  col,  Henry  Slagle,  in 
part  of  the  fines  of  his 
battalion.   Dec.   21.   do.         378    0    0 

of  BenJ.  Peden,  esq.  in  part 
of  do.  Rofs'a  baltillon. 
Jan.  27,  1780 94     6     6 

of  Peter  Wolf,  in  part  of 
do.  lor  5th  batialloc. 
Mar.   9.   do 293     9     9 

of  capi.  John  Myer  of  do, 
for  aalil  battalion,  .\prll 
22.    do 160  17     6 

of  .Andrew  Ttiompaon.  esq. 
in  part  of  the  muster 
fines,  Hunilngton  town- 
ship, col.  Thompson's 
battalion,  Apr.  27,     do.  660     0    0 

of  Peter  Wolf,  esq.  in  part 
cf  do.  for  5tb  battalion 
do,  28,  do 437  12    0 

of  John  Chamberlain,  esq. 
do.  do,  of  col.  Thompson's 
batLalion;  do 475  10     0 

of  Peler  Wolf,  esq.  in  part 
of  the  muster  fines  of 
Paradise  township.  Oct. 
17.  do 216    5    0 

of  col,  Henry  Slagle,  the 
remainder  of  the  muster 
flues  of  his  battalion. 
May   30.   1781 802     0    0 


a  £163     a     2  specie     1633     2     0 
£38330  13     4 


42  ACCOUNTS    OF   LIEUTENANTS. 

Sundries,   Dr.   to  Richard  M'Callster,  esq.  late  Lieutenant  of 

York  County. 

David  Rittenhouse,  esq.  treasurer, 

Paid  him  including  an  order  of  his 

upon   me  for   40001.   paid   to   Wm. 

Scott,  paymaster,  March  21,  1778,  . .  £9082  11    3 

Do.  do.     9,  1779 1186     2     6 

10268  13    9 

Hans  Morrison,  esq.  late  sub  lieutenant. 

Paid  him  on  account  of  substitutes,  Aug.  4,  1777,  252  15    0 

John  Carson,  esq.  late  sub  lieutenant. 
Paid  him  on  account  of  substitutes,  do.  252  15    0 

James  M'Candless,  esq.  late  sub  lieutenan*^, 
Paid  him  on  account  of  substitutes,  do.  281    5    0 

Robert  Stevenson,  esq.  late  sub  lieutenant. 
Paid  him  on  account.  Aug.  4.  177/.  ..       1:81     5    0 
Do.  do  15    0    0 

296     5    0 

Lieut.  Archibald  Campbell,  of  6th  regt. 

Paid  him  for  the  recruiting  service, 

March   5.   1778 225  0  0 

Do.            do.                    April      5.    1778.  225  0  0 

Ek).             do.                      do.     22.     do.  225  C  0 

Do.            do.                     May  21.     do.  225  0  0 

Do.            do.                    June  19.     do.  225  0  0 

1125    0     0 

Timothy  Matlack.  esq.  s?crelary  of  council. 

Paid  him  a  part  of  monies  received 

In  bills  of  the  state  of  New  York, 

March   22.   1778 106    6    3 

Lieut,  Samuel  Gray.  4th  regt. 
Paid  him   for  the  recruiting  service. 

April  24.  1778 225     0     0 

Do.  May  27.  do.  225    0    0 

450     0     0 

Ct\pi.  Nehomiah  Stokely.  of  8th  regt. 

Paid   him   for   the   recruiting  service 

April  24.  177S 225     0     0 

Do.  May  27.  do.  225    0    o 

Do.  per  Hans  Morrison.  Jure  2>.  do.  225    0    0 

Do.  do.  Julv  12.     do.  337  10    0 

-         1012  lA    0 

Oapt.  Joshua  Williams.  4.h  regt. 

Pa:d   him    for   the   recruiting  service 

April  24.  177S 22,^     0  0 

Do.  June  17.  ITTS.      225    0  \^ 

-  •  A7*\*     0     «*• 

Carried n44<k5  lo    0 


YORK    COUNTY. 


Richard  M'Canste-.  esq. 


Sundr.ea,  Dr.  I 

Broughl  over £14496  10 

Lieut.  James  M'Culloch  ot  5tb  Pennsylvania  regL 
Paid  him  for  the  recruiting  b 


May  4,  1778. 


Do. 


June  17.  1778, 
July  16,  do. 
Oct,  27.  do. 
Des.    2.    do. 


255    0    0 
225    0    0 


Lieut.  Thomas  Campbeli,  oF  4th  regt. 
Paid  him  ror  the  recruiting  service, 

May  21,  1778 225    0    0 

Do.  June  2S,   1778.      225    0    0 

Do.   per  H.   Morrison.  July   IS,    do        225    0    0 


Lieut.  James  Mlllegan.  of  7th  regiment. 
Paid  him  Cor  the  recruiting  service. 

Sep:,   9.  1778 225    ■ 

Do.  Oct.     3,  1778,      225    ■ 

do.     21.     do.         225    ■ 


Do. 

Do. 


do. 
Dec.    8,    do. 


William  Scott,  esq.  pay  master. 
Paid    him    [or    paying    the    mllltla. 

April   5,   1778,    2427  11 

Do.  In  full  of  an  order  lor  3000  I.  May 

8,  do 572    8 

Do.  In  part  of  an  order  tor  4000  1.  or 

May  21,  Sept.  5.  do 1600     0 

Do.           do,                      Feb.  11,  1779,  3122    3 
Do.  per   R.  Slevenson.   In  part  of  an 

order    for    4000 1.    Feb.    18,    1778,  1875    0 

Do.  per  John  Hay,  do.      da.    7,    do.  2125    0 

Do.  per  R.  Stevenson,  June  5.    do.  1125    0 

Do.  per  do.                      Feb.  20.  1779,  375    0 

Do.  per  John  Hay,            July    3,  1778,  8e2  10 

Do.  per  do.                        Aug.   21.     do.  412  10 

Do.  per  do.                       Sept.   26,     do.  337  10 

Do.  per  do.                          Oct.     6,  1779.  165     7 


1779,    .. 
Paid  him 


44  ACCOUNTS   OF  LIEUTENANTS. 

Sundries,  Dr.  to  Richard  M'Calister,  esq. 
Brought  over, £33310  15    0 

Michael  Hahn,  esq.  late  county  treasurer. 
Paid  him  in  the  called  in  emissions.  April  3,  1779,      325  17    6 

John  Travis,  esq.  late  sub  lieutenant, 
Paid  him  on  account,  July  26,  1779,  43    2    6 

Uni:ed  States. 
Paid 

Nicholas  Vanhorne  for  hauling  bag- 
gage to  camp,  August  29,  1777, 23  10    0 

Jacob  Feiser,  for  do.  Oct.  18.  do 27  12    6 

Christian.  Lawman,  captain  of  York 
guards,  the  pay  of  his  company, 
Dec.  18,  1777 478  17    6 

Henry  Devalt  for  warning  the  militia 
to  march,  Feb.  5.  1778,  2    0    0 

Simon  Clear,  for  do.  do.  2    0    0 

Adam  Forney,  for  do.  March  19,  do...  10    0 

Do.  for  riding  express  for  the  board 
of  war,  do 3    0    0 

Lieut.  Mullen  for  warning  the  militia 
to  march.  March  29.  1778,  3    0    0 

Lieut.  Sturgeon  for  do.  April  3.     do  10    0 

Capt.   Foreman  for  do.  do.  0  10    0 

Cap;.  Jenewine  for  do.        do.  4.     do.  3    0    0 

Henry  Devalt  for     do.  do  10    0 

Capt.  Nich.  Gelwix.  for  do.  do.  24.  do.  7  10    0 

George  Stouffer  for  team  hire,  haul- 
ing baggage.  May  24.  1778.        89    0    0 

Simon  Vandosdale  for  do.  do.  29.  do        102  15    0 

Peter  Duree  for  do.        June  26.     do.  49    0    0 

Joseph  Deban  for  do.  do.  61  10    0 

Frederick  Heiner  for  warning  the  mi- 
litia  to   march.       August   20.     do.  3    0    0 

Thomas   Wilson   for   the   hire  of  his 

waggon  hauling  baggage.  Oct.  3,  do.      135    0    0 

Nicholas  Gelwix  for  warning  the  mi- 
litia to  march.  Oct.  23,  1778,  3  10     0 

Paid  two  expresses.        Dec.  12.     do.  12    0    0 

John     Morrison     for     boarding     and 

nursing  a  sick  soldier.  Jan.  12.  1779.        34    0    0 

Christian  Kimmfrly  for  warning  the 

mili:ia  to  march.  Jan.  12.  1779 10    0 

Capt.    Nicholas  Gelwix.   for   do.   Feb. 

11,  1779 1     0    0 

Feier  Roach,  for  do.  Nov.  2.  1779 2  17     6 

Jaccb  Slagle  for  team  hire  in  public 

service.  Jan.  5.  1780 47     i>    0 

-  1095  17     6 

Carried  over £34775  12    6 


YOr.K   COLNTY. 


Richard  M'Calisler.  esq. 


Sundries,  Dr.  t 

Bmuglit    over 

Military  Stores. 


Paid  Hundrj-  persoiiH  for  29  muskeU.  one  rifle,  ' 
bayonets,  5  bells.  14  cartouch  boxes,  and  Foi 
stocking  and  repairing  arms 


Mllltia  Gxpences. 

Paid  far  substitutes  hired  to  serve  In 
the  militia,  oRlcera  for  services  in 
iheir  districts,  expences  of  appeals. 
Btationary.  expresses,  cierklng.  and 
other  contingent  charges 

For  his  pay  as  lieutenant  from 
March  1777.  to  March  1780,  em- 
ployed 633  days 


..£34775  12     G 


The  Accounts  of  John  Carson.  Jo 
Candless,  ail  late  sub  iieutenani 
have  they  been  rendered.  The  ac 
prlDLed  In  a  separate  iiamphlet. 


I  Travis,  and  James 
are  not  yet  settled, 
untH  of  John  Hay,  eaq. 


46  ACCOUNTS   OF   LIEUTENANTS. 


STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS  OF  ROBERT  STEVENSON,  ESQ. 
LATE  SUB-LIEUTENANT  OF  YORK  COUNTY,  DECEASED, 
FROxM  THE  TLME  OF  HIS  APPOINTMENT,  APRIL,  1777, 
TO  THE  TIME  OF  HIS  DECEASE.  MAY.  1779. 

Estate  of  Robert  Stevenson,  esvi.  Dr.  To  Sundries. 

Richard  M'Calister.  esq,  liemenant, 
Received  of  him  on  account.  Dec.  1777 £296     5    0 

Militia  Fines. 

Received  of  sundry  persons  of  col.  Rankin's  tat- 
talion  of  militia,  their  fines  for  non-atterdi^ce 
of  exercise,  and  non-perfcrmance  of  militia  du- 
ty from  March  1777.  to  per  list, 
amounting  to  10348  ^9     6 

Balance  equal  to  £7  11     9  specie,  129  10    6 

10774  15     0 

Sundries.  Dr.  to  the  Estate  of  Robert  Stevenson,  esq.  Deceased. 

Richard  M'Callister,  esq.  late  lieutenant. 

Paid  William  Scott,  esq.  paymaster 
of  the  militia  on  his  account,  Feb. 
18,  1778 1875     0     0 

Paid  him  per  the  hands  of  Willia.u 
Scott,  esq.  March  20.  1778 750     0     0 

Do.  himself  on  account.  April  24.  da.      231     5    0 

Do.  William  Scott,  for  the  UFe  of  pay- 
ing the  militia.  June  5.  1778 1125    0    0 

Do.  himself  on  account.  July  31.  do.       750    0    0 

Do.  Dec.   24.   do.       750     0     0 

Do.  do.  March     3,  1779,       535    0     0 

Do.   William    Scott,   esq.    for   pay    of 

the  militia,  Feb.  20,  do 375    0    0 

6441  15     0 


Lieut.  Archibald  Campbell.  6  h  regiment. 
Paid  him  for  the  recruiting  service.  July  19.  1778.  225    0    0 

Capt.  Joshua  Williams,  of  4th  regiment. 
Paid  him  for  the  recrui:ing  service.  July  19.  1778.  225    0    0 

Carried    over £6891  15    0 


YORK   COUXTY.  47 

Sundries.  Dr.  to  the  Estate  of  Robert  Stevenson,  esq.  deceased. 

BrouBht   over £6891  16     0 

Lieul.  Stephen  Slevenson.  of  9th  regiment. 
Paid  him   for  the  recruiting  service.  July  35,  1778,      477    0     0 

Major  Francis  NlcholH, 
Paid  tiim  on  account,  for  paying  BubslsCance  tor 

soldiers.  July  23,  do 37    0    0 

Lieut.  Samuel  Gray. 
Paid  him  tor  the  recrHftlug  service.  May,  23,  do. 

7a     0     0,  and  July  27,  do,   150   225     0     0 

Jamej  ThomBon,   esq. 
Paid  him  for  to  h:reaubatitutes.  Aug.  12.  1777,  ..  74     5    0 

United  States. 
Paid  Abraham  Williams  tor  hauling 

baggage.  Oct.  19,  1778 21    0    0 

Jaroee  Naiior.  for  do.  Sept.  15, 

do 21     0     0 

Daniel    William    tor   do.   do.    18, 

do 21     0    0 

Andrew  Wilson  tor  do.  Apr.  27. 

do 69  10    0 

James  Gray  tor  do.  May  22.  29, 

and  August  G.  do 102  15     0 

Capt.   Parkinson   for  apprehend- 
ing  a   deserter.   Sept.   21,   do.  6     0     0 
Capt.     Manapoker    for     warning 

classes,  Aug.  17,  do 4  10    0 

Capt.  Rankin  tor  do.  do.  2  10    0 

Capt.  Dodds.  tor  do.  Mar.  20.  do.  6  10    0 

Capt.  Monspoke.-  (or  do.  Feb.  2, 

1779 2  10    0 

Cap:.    Rankin   for   do.       do.   20. 

do 3  10    0 

CapL  Bonner,  tor  do.  Jan.  9,  do.  1  10    0 

Capt.  Dodds.  for  do.  do.  3    0    0 

Capt.  Joshua  Williams  for  ap- 
prehending   3    desert^'S,    No. 

S.  1778 18    0     e 

Paid  James  Elliot  and  others, 
a  detachment,  their  pay  and 
expences.     disarming     torles. 

Sept.    15.    1778 18     0     0 

Capt.  Parkinson  for  warning 
classes     to     march     to     camp, 

August  15.  1778 9     0     0 

309     5     0 

Militia  Expences, 
Paid    sixty    six    substitutes    hired    to 

serve  in  the  militia.  1777 2263  10    0 

Paid  clerks  wages,  stationary,  expen- 
ces  of  taking  returns,  drummers 
and  flters.  expencee  ot  appeals,  and 
other  contingent  charges 189  10     9 

Carried £2453    0    0      £8014    i    0 


48  ACCOUNTS   OK  LIEUTEMANTS. 

Siinilrles,  Dr.  to  the  Estate  of  Robert  Sievensou,  eB<].  dei^eaeeil. 

Brought  over £2453    0    U      £8014    0    0 

For  bla  own  servicea  as  sub  Ileuten- 
ant  from  Sept.  ITTT,  Co  May  20, 
1779,  280  days  employetl 307  10     0 


LIST  OF  PINES  RECEIVED  BY  ROBERT  STEVENSON  ESQ. 


YORK   COUNTY. 


riillli.   Honsyman.    ... 

ll.riln   Binder 

BlCbunl  BlmobtOrU,  . 
JOHph  Cook 

Coond   Llnbanth.    .. 

jDiuiihin  Pl»l 

Adam  DtaJ 

G^onie  SpBT,   ......... 

JMrph   Honij 

Philip  Jacob.  Kn.,  .. 

Ata.m  Ifichal 

CHarlis  Snffinan.  ... 
rmJencK  Myers.  ... 
Sleiihen  SlrllEf    

C»nt*  Croneb»u«(i, 

Adam  Spar 

BIcphrx   y.uli 

Inliii  fhe.ipjn    

David  Marlw 

TohU.  Fry.    .' 

GM>rg«  Oouil 

MIrhal   Spar 

John  Cro» 

(girled. 

4-T-3d  Sar. 


:    ■  ■ 

TabiM 

BW 

Si; 

■  InlHiUL-h 

Crdnrr 

S,,mu 

'^'■^' 

Phnip 

,Iac"b 

""■""•"^ 

ll.nn 

- 

60  ACCOUNTS   OF  LIEUTENANTS. 

Phllli)  Milltr 

l>hlll]>   fine* 1U   • 

Hrnry    Wast "  W 

Joseph  PuBb.    .-...--.."-■--  30   V 

Jacob  Wa«1«.   a>   ■> 

L-npl.  PARKINSUN-B  Company. 

nirliil..uher  mlokl* <W 

DiM.rii.'    Ilamiiin U   0 

PhUlp   PoTtintair.    U   0 

ilrrman    Junlen 11   0 

M)diuluE  Kimbl UU 

■.lewitr  Myer» 3   <• 

•nsamt,  il'MaUaa is  Ij 

AUrnnHm    Mllkr.     RIO 

Andnw  HuWt,   I   « 

Winum  Kally >   <> 

JmiBH  U'diin 11    t 

Jakn  in>Uip>.    "I" 

^barr  Cnnar    K   o 

■Wllltut    ^»».    »■   " 

llMtihli"  Halloiewr. »   D 

Jacdii   Th.imliurBh *   * 

l>a.i,l  IMBh -  W 

PndtHcK   Room »   • 

ABdnw  Rar*>.    U   a 

Rrhurd  \Vh*non 'S    ' 

J.ihii  Itrum.-xi ■-  H   • 

Carried trti:i 


Ktnlaniin  Platl.   . 


M   «   • 

nu  • 


YORK   COUNTY. 


Jobn  BroUffh.    .,..,, 

BL  X.'Dd«nraod.  Jun 
El-  UndfTwoodi  wn 

Jtcnh  Underwood.  . 
Zephr  VndfrvoocS,  , 
H*r..r.l    Hu!H>y,     ... 

CapL    CABLE 

WlllUm  Potter,    ... 

OodCnr  Sl«el 

Hatthfw   Co«Jer,     , 

Joseph  B&Ab.  ....... 

AndreK   Utbtugli, 

OcnzvtT   IfLcus 

Jacob  Tp«,  ..-....., 
JxcK   Wanoner.    , 

Hlcbul   Mumper.    . 

P*«T  Klfet, 
Jowph   Philips,    ,.., 
Abnm   sloviT 

vnillam  GodTr**.   . 

Isuo  Deirdnrrt.    ... 

Wlliiiim  Grim 

Oi»l>»r  Crubh 


Wl-.ly 

HenjB 

Ludw 

Joh" 

Rom.    ]"n 

Fl™.   Jun 

John 

HoWB 

Al.., 

"■<-S=„.).r,.,., 

I^ona 

■"    """'■" 

J«m* 

"•""'""'""' 

m    HoB-e 

«"■'" 

n  Folk,   Jun 

C»rrd«i 

ACXOONTS   OP   LIEUTENANTS, 
ir tUlB   1    I  HiMUKht  over.   ... 


BMot 

DbdIcI  RaiMlH 

54 


ACCOUNTS   OF  LIEUTENANTS. 


Brought  over £1021^14  0 

liatthlAS  M' Clean 87  10  0 

James  Beans,    15    0  0 

John  Kennedy  jun 7    0  0 


Carried £10279    4    0 


Brought  over €10379    4    0 

Jacob   Lewis,    7  10   0 

Vincent    Parsons S4  IS    0 

Nathan   Chanly 87  10    • 


Amount £10848  19    C 


STATE  OP  THE  ACCOUNTS  OF  HANS  MORRISON,  ESQ. 
LATE  A  SUB-LIEUTENANT  OF  YORK  COUNTY,  FROM 
THE  TIME  OF  HIS  APPOINTMENT,  APRIL.  1777,  TO 
MARCH,  1780. 

Hans  Morrison,  esq.  late  Sub  Lieutenant,  Dr.  To  Sundries. 


State  Mo.        Cont.  Mo. 


Richard  M'Calister,  esq.  lieutenant. 

Received  of  him  to  hire  substitutes, 
August  4,  1777,  


£252  15    0 


Militia  Fines. 

Received  of  sundry  persons  of  the  4th 
battalion  of  militia,  their  substi- 
tute fines,  amounting  to  £4233    0    0 

Received  for  exercise  fines 
from  sundry  persons  of 
said   battalion,   said   to 
have  been  collected  by 
Samuel  Erwin,    317  11    3 


4550  11    3 


David  Rlttenhouse.  esq.  treasurer. 

Paid  blm  by  order  of  the  auditors 
of  accounts,  said  to  be  the  balance 
of  his  account.  June  22.  1781 340  11    0 

Balance  equal  to  £16  12    6  specie,  .. 


340  11    0 


340  11    0        5143  17     3 


YORK  COUNTY.  65 

Sundries  Dr.  Hans  MorrlsoD,  esq.  Sub-Lieutenant, 

State  mo.  Cont.  mo. 

Richard  M'Calllater.  esq.  late  lleutenaat, 

Paid  him  on  account,  671 

dollars 252  15  0 

Do.  do.  March  26,  17TS.  1502  0  0 
Do.  per  N.  Stockley.  capt. 

July  12.  do 337  10  0 

Do.  do.  June  19,  do.  225  0  0 
Da.  paid  hlmselt,  July  30, 

do 76  12  6 

Do.     per    capt    Thomas 

Campbell,  do.  226    0  0 

Do.    paid    himself,    Dec. 

12,  do 300    0  0 

Do.        do.    Feb.  4.  1779.  300    0  0 

Do.         do.     May  17,  1780,  317  11  3 

3536    8    9 

United  States. 

Paid  for  a  blanket  fur- 
nished a  continental 
soldier,  Oct.  31,  1777,..        1  15    0 

Abraham  Banty  for  haul- 
ing baggage.  Aug.  lo, 
1778,     105     2     6 

Paid  an  express  with 
orders  tor  a  guard  to  es- 
cort prisoners,  Dec.  12. 
do 3  10    0 

John  Groan  for  the  ap- 
praisement   ot    a    gun 

lost.  Jan.  21.  1779 3    0    0 

113    7    6 

Military  Stores. 

Paid  sundry  persons  for  a  gun.  car- 
riage of  arms,  and  repairs. 32    7    0 

Mtlltla  Expences. 

Paid  for  Bubfltltutea  hired  to  serve  In 
the  militia,  judges  ot  appeals,  cap- 
tains for  services  In  their  compa- 
nies, stationary,  clerh  wages,  and 
other  expences 1233  14    0 

For  his  pay  as  sub  lieute- 
nant, 129  days,  at  20  3,     129     0     0 

■ —  1461  14     0 

Balance  due  to  the  state,  340  11    0 

£343  11     0      £5143  17     3 


ACCOUNTS  OP  LIEUTENANTS. 


IJST  of  FINES  received  by  Hans  Morrisoii,  esq. 


fOURTH  BATTAUON. 


Mlulidi'    T,Vl)rk 


1 ;  riomr"".'"'. :::::: 

....       MUD 

■  •  '— '  "■■■'""'> >  •  • 

0    .     «llll.„   A.,l.™.    .. 

■■■■       »    •    • 

»  •    "■*•"  ™»"o..  .. 

,,          7  1.1 

0   0     i-i.nm.t   Ben.ler 

-   ■        »    •    • 

.  .     ,..,.«  n..;. 

....        U    .    . 

.   .     J,„uh    ™,. •   •   • 

.   .;  j™|.hU.., 

....          -». 

YORK 

COUNTY. 

1 

0     John  M'Kntjhl 

0     Wtlllom  M-Elbenay,   ... 

0      nuloi'h  Erinklnhoof.  ... 

«■   «""-"■  <■— '^ 

.-.        M    0 

::::  "'l 

3""'"'  P""" 

g  .  Henry  Ommfrrrtn,    .... 

....          15     « 

.;  ,v«l,.,„   .:,,.„ 

....        M    fl 

....        4D    0 

....       K    0 

A...  WC„.„ 

t     ThomsH  Me«ly,   Jun.,    .. 

....            1     0 

0  ■....„:,    nam,,,,. 

....        M    « 

C     Robert  M'CDn«ii«hy,    .. 

ChrHiop.    Wlndbrener, 
John  Kipp 

;■■■     »  ^^ 

0     Natban  Hnidfrlelu.    ..- 
C      TMom»fl   M-CdUSltn 

"1 

0 ! 

....       M    0 

Crrl*d 

....  0708  10 

....  WK    0 

58 


ACCOUNTS   OF   LIEUTENANTS. 


Brought   over £3708    0  0 

Arthur  Chambeni 18  15  0 

John    Rannels 11    5  0 

Hush   Morrlaon 7  10  0 

Nathaniel  Hamilton,   9    0  0 

Abraham  Debond 15    0  0 

Alex.  Macklln,   20    0  0 

Henry  Leech 11    5  0 

Thomas    Baldwin 25    0  0 

Peter  Traapaugh 6    0  0 

Will'am  Newland 40    0  0 

John  Hegy 25    0  0 

Peter  Wolford 80    0  0 

James  Allen 11    5  0 

Jamea  Hemphill,    2)    0  0 

James   Sterling 17    0  0 

Carried £3970    0  0 


Brought   over £3970 

Robert  Ewln,    

Jacob  Bender.    

Francis   Toung 

Henry  Jones 

James    Montgomery 

John  Stewart 

Josiah  Kerr,  Jun,  

Martin  Shupe,    

Robert    Ambrose 

William    Crowl 

Andrew  M'llvaine 

James  Grlery.  jun 

Jeremiah   Sturgeon,    

Archibald  Coulter 

George  Burnett 


0    0 


11  5 

0 

25  0 

0 

11  0 

0 

20  0 

0 

6  0 

0 

7  2 

6 

tan 

e 

20  0 

0 

20  0 

0 

11  5 

0 

30  0 

0 

2S10 

• 

18  0 

0 

2.)  0 

0 

11  5 

0 

£4233  0 

0 

STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS  OF  WILLIAM  SCOTT,  ESQ. 
LIEUTENANT  OF  YORK  COUNTY,  FROM  MARCH,  1780, 
TO  APRIL,  1783. 


William  Scott,  esq.  Dr.  to  Sundries. 

Cent.   mo.  State  mo. 


John  Hay,  esq.  late  sub  lieu- 
tenant. 


Spelce. 


Received  of  him  on  account 
of   exercise  fines,  March  1781, 


S48    5    0 


0    0    0 


0    0    0 


John    WV*-!!!!*,    esq.    sub-lleu- 
tenaut. 


Received  of  him  on  account 
<f   rinen   collected 


0    0    0 


0    0    0 


79    8  10 


Matthew  Dili,   esq.  sub-  lieu- 
tenant, 


Uecelve<l  (»f  him  on  account 
fines  collected,  May  1781,  to 
Nov.  1783,   


ITIO".  12    6 


117  15    0 


664  16    4 


t'arriJ^d. 


£17Hf«  !7     fi 


117  15    0 


744    5    i 


YORK  COUNTY. 

William  Scott,  esq.  Dr,  to  Sundries. 


Brousbl  01 


colleci^.  ^UD«  im 


Itmn  DInn,   eiq.  ■ 


WlllUm  Rou.  tut.  nb  U« 


UlllUk  F 


60  ACCOUNTS   OF   LIEUTENANTS. 

William  Scott,  esq.  Dr.  to  Sundries. 

Cont.  mo.  State  mo.  Specie. 

Brought  over.    .        C2  16    0  39534  11    8  220  10    0  11S6    5    6 

talions,  their  flnea 
for  non  perform- 
ance of  their  tour 
of  duty.  Per  list, 
No.    3 463  118V4 


Balance  due  by  the  state,    .. 

i 


0  0  0 
0  0  0 

0  0  0 
51  14  10 

466  7  3>^ 

£39534  11  3 

272  4  10 

16J2  12  9H 

Sundries.  Dr.  to  William  Scott,  esq.  Lieutenant. 

Matthew  Dill,  esq.  lieutenant. 

Paid  him  on  account  for  his 
pay.   &c 2518  12    6  0    0    0  0    0   0 

John  Hay,   esq.   treasurer. 

Paid  him  on  account  of  fines, 
Nov.    1781.     to   March   1781,  21791    2    1  160    3    4  7So    5    8 

United  States. 

Paid  NIch.   Hentz. 

for  wood   for  th » 

militia    on    their 

way  thni*  York- 
town.  Jan.  2 1. 1781.  CO  15  0 
Andrew  Rutter  for 

hauling:  the   bag- 

grage   of   the   new 

levies  towards 

camp  do 2M)    0    0 

Tho.  Armor  for  do. 

6  c  o  n  d  u  c  tingr 

them  Feb.  7,  do.  2605  0  0 
PhiUp    Stents,     for 

paper  for  the  mi- 
litia guarding  the 

prisoners.  Mar.  16.  XJ  10  0 
Henr>*    Walter    for 

repairing       c  imp 

kettles     for     the 

guard,   do 7  10    0 

Q<K)rKe     Lrmberger 

In  iMirt  of  pay  for 

7  months  s  nricein 


Cirrled CSKO  15    0  24309  14    7  iiiO    S    4  78".    5    8 


YORK  COUNTY. 

Sundries.  Dr.  to  William  Scott,  eeq.  Lieutenant. 

Brought  DV.   ...  aaXU   0  14309  11   I  IM^   3    4 

t  h  t      CODtlDIDtal 

army,   F<b.   i,    ..       tO   0   o 
ticholu    Fry.    tor 


lead ,  for  lh«  ffuartl 
XonMia.AUC.M.         t  11    '. 
Geo  Spansler  A  nn- 
dry  other  perconji . 

tiali  prladnen.do.        BOO 
Rlolurd  Jeff  In  part 


62  ACCOUNTS    OF    LIEUTENANTS. 

Sundries.  Dr.  to  William  Scott,  esq.  Lieutenant. 

Cont.   mo.  State   mo.  Specie. 

Brought    over.        £11  16    0  27309    4    7  2f*a    4  10  785    5    8 

WlUiHm  Bailey  for 

potts forguard.dn. 26,  8  18    0 

Jacob  Sltler  for 
haulinsr  provisions 
for    do.    April    2,         2    5    0 

Richard  Vardln  a 
disabled  pensioner 
by  order  of  court, 
May  6 2">    6    0 

EnslKn  Jacob  Bar- 
nlt-.   do.   do.  7.    .       82  10    0 

John  Broolta  for 
services  of  a 
guard  over  pris- 
oners.  May  30,   ..         6    7    6 

Jvhn  Morrl.s  for  pa- 
per for  the  guard* 
July  0 0    6    6 

Jamns  Sliver,  ex- 
press,   Aug.   19.    .         0  15    0 

Francla  Jones  for 
hauling  baggage 
In  part.    Sept   S,       18  15    0 

John  Morris  for  pa- 
per for  the 
guaris  do 0  15    0 

Jacob  Bamitz.  a  dis- 
abled     pensioner 
pt-r  (ir»ier.    do.  17,        51    0  10 

Do.   do.    Oct.    16,    ..        .SO    5    5 

Richard  Vanlln. 
do,    do.    15 11  13  7V8 

Francis  Jones  for 
hauling  baggage 
in  part.  Nov.  t^, 
do 5    0    0 

Do.  do,  in  full. 
Feb.    10.    17^3.    ...        56    9    0 

Richard    Vardln    a 
disabled  pensioner 
per  order,  Mar.  1,  4  10    0 

Jam".v  Shaw  for 
hauling  x)ottsnnd 
a  R  rind  stone  to 
the  stockade. do. 7.  0  10    0 

Richard  Vardln.  a 
disable<l  pension' 
er.    do.    29 5  l.'i    0 


Carried £S40  16  lO^^         27S09    4    7  203    4  10  785    5    8 


YORK  COUNTY. 


Sundries,  Dr.  to  WllUam  Scott,  esq.  Lleutpaant. 


trrdo.  In  balULInn 


64 


ACCOUNTS    OF    LIEUTENANTS. 


Sundries,  Dr.  to  William  Scott,  esq.  Lieutenant. 


Broufe-ht  over,    

onary.    judges   of   apQcals, 
and  clerk  hire 

For  his  own  Mrylces  as  lieu- 
tenant, from  March  1780. 
to  June  21,  1781,  employ- 
ed 25  days  at  SO  I 

Do.  from  June  11.  1781,  to 
April  1.  1783,  118  days  at 
IBs 

Balance  due  by  the  state,   .. 


Cont.   mo. 
£28222    7    1 


£848    5    0 


7S0    0    0 


0    0    0 
9713  19    2 

£89584  11    3 


State  mo. 
271  17    4 


0    7    6 


0    0    0 


0    0    0 
0    0    0 


Specie. 
1238  19  8% 


70  14    2 


0    0    0 


88  10    0 
239    810 


272    4  10 


1638  12  9H 


William  Scott,  esq.  Dr. 

State. 

To  balance  above,  viz.  £9713  19  2, 
continental  money,  of  which  £3091- 
13  4,  exchanged  with  the  state 
treasurer,  for  £17  13  4  state  at  175 
for  one,  and  the  remainder  reduced 
to  state  money,  as  received  at  75 
for  one,  makes  in  all, £105  19    4 

To  balance  above  brought  down, 


Specie. 


239    8  10 


£105  19    3        £239    8  10 


Contra,  Cr. 

By  balance  of  the  foregoing  account 
overpaid  in  state  money 51  14  10 

Balance  due  by  Wm.  Scott,  April  1, 
1783 54    4    5 


£105  19  3 


239  8  10 
239  8  10 


There  is  L.  1152  10  2  specie,  unpaid  of  the  class  fines,  and 
L.1152  14  7,  unpaid  of  the  exercise  fines  incurred  within  the 
1st,  3d  and  5th  battalions,  from  May  1780,  to  April  1788. 
Per  lists  examined. 


YORK  C 

OUNTY. 

Jo«  h  VaOt       It 

Jacob   Eickclbcrtier.    . . 
Jamu  I*v, 

...      »  0  0 

(-■ni.l.    PENNINQTON-B 

jMt*  SbtatT.  lun..    .. 

'..     nit 

Archib-W   M-Cl«fi 

...       Kin 

Arol.ir..P  UpdeBiaB,   ... 

...       »   0   0 

Chrl-t,pher  Lanlwrl 

N.th.n  UiattTxB.   ... 

...       MOO 

...      «u  0 

J>«M   M-Csmmoa,    ..- 

:::  «"; 

Nd  I. 
C.pt.ln  COKTORT-a  C 

.... 

Dntiipl  Fianr    

FredertcH  Hdu.'man,  .. 

...  «»(, 

John  8.rifW.r,   Jun 

Oodfnr  Tlibm 

,,-        WIT    « 

5-7-3d  Ser. 

6G 


ACCOUNTS    OP    LIEUTENANTS. 


Brought, 


Michael  Kaufman, 
Philip  Gartner.  .. 
Abraham   Flony, 

John  Herr 

Joseph   Erb,    

Baltzer  Fita.    

Oeorgre  De«ti,    

Michael     Darstm 

Jacob  Leedy,    

Henry  Kindeff.  ... 
Jasob  Kaufmon,   .. 

John  Kann,   

Gotlieb  Kunkle.    .. 

Jacob    Hlvell 

Henry   Strickler.    . 


18    7    6 


2  6 
2  6 
2    6 

a  6 
a  6 
a  6 


a 

2 

a 
a 
a 
a 
a 
a 
a 


6 : 

fi 

6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 

6  ! 

I 


Brought 35    b    0 

Peter  Peltior 12    8 

Martin  Hoover,   Jun 12    6 

John  Dorman 18    6 

Jacob   Florcy,    18    6 

David  Mellinger 12    6 

Isaac  Florey,    12    6 

Melchior  Herman 12    6 

Philip  Thomas 12    6 

Adam  Bahn 12    6 

Henry  Kahn 12    6 

Christian  Schroll.    12    6 

John  Bahn 12    6 

Abraham   Demot 12   6 

Henry  Lelphart 12   6 

David  Maltzly 12    6 

Add 0  12    6 


Carried, 


85    5    0 


62  15    0 


LIST  Of  CLASS  FINES  received  by  Colonel  William  Scott,  In 
Specie,  from  the  1st,  3d,  and  5tli  Battalions. 


No.  3. 


Fourth  Clasa 
Michael    Kerver, 

12    7 

12  11 

13  2 
7  10 
3  15 

14  2 
10  17 
10  17 
10  17 

5    0 

10  17 
3  15 

10  17 

11  1 
2  8  11 
10  10 
10  10 

10    0 

10  10 

2    G 

3 
6 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

Ambroa«>    Updegraff 

John  Love 

James    Bennat.    

Joseph    Way 

Peter    Horshey,     

Henj.    Brenneman 

Peter  Deardoff 

Abraham  Keller 

Martin  Weller 

Fifth  Class. 
Abraham  Steintr 

Andrew   Sheller 

George   Heckler 

John  Hurarichouser 

John  Hldlcr 

Christian   Bulhart 

David    Hober      

0 

Sixth   Class. 
John    r..    Dytch 

0 

Saniunl    Tweedy 

Martin    Elbt-rt 

0 
0 

1 

I'arrled 

1S3  12  8 

.J 

Brought 188  12  8 

Cornelius  Gai  ret  son 11  19  9 

Joseph  Garretf on 10  18  0 

Amos   Lewis 10  13  6 

George   Deets 10  13  6 

Richard   Mumert 12  12  6 

Gotfrled  Sum  wait 10  17  0 

Peter  Goodling 10  10  0 

Jacob  Wolgamer 10  10  0 

Seventh   Class. 

Peter  Eleberger 10  10  0 

Nicholas  Reep 10  10  0 

Christian   Resh 10    3  0 

Philip  Frankeberger 11  16  3 

George   Emlck 8  15  0 

John   Stouffer 10  17  0 

John   Meyre 5    5  0 

Eighth  Class. 

Nicholas  Tost.   Jun 4    ?  6 

Jonathan   M'Creary 10  13  9 

Samuel    Miller 12    2  6 

John    Hide 10  10  0 

Jacob  Bixler 5  12  0 

Philip    Thomas 5    R  » 

Jacob    Hoyer 1  10  0 

Carried 3Vi5    2  8Vi 


DanW   Bcholdemui 

0«r«-  BbAUtr.  Jim. 

YORK  COUNTY, 


'  prtiierlck  Fnie 


MatlltAw  Dill,  esq.  Sub  LieutenaDt  Dr.  To  Sundrler. 

Com.  mo.  Stats  m&  flpvcle. 

WlUlani  Scott,  oq.  Llaultn- 

Bac*lvBdor  bim  on 


ol  tlis  «th  batlml. 


Rcccliod  of    Cti.pt. 
Stutter.       niuiter 


0(  CBpt.  Uvf.  do. 


68 


ACCOUNTS    OF    LIEUTENANTS. 


Matthew  Dill,  esq.  Sub  Lieutenant  Dr.  To  Sundries. 


Brought  ov.    ...flT204  17    1 


Cont.   mc. 
2518  12    h 


State  mo. 
0    0    0 


Si^ecle. 

0    0    0 


Mi  itia  Fines. 

Of    Mr.MltchelUdO.         6    3    0 

Of   Col.Neli8on,do.     CS7  10   o 

Of  Mr.  Thompson. 
do 109  15    0 

( >f  Thomas  Shanks, 
.Im 48  15    0 

Of    Mr.     Chamber- 

Inini-.    do 300    0    0 

or  li.-bert  Stew- 
art.  (Nonstable,    ..      121  17    3 

Amount £284a  17    4 

Of        the        above 
£126    7    6  was  re- 
coiv«d,    as  is  re- 
pn-sented  In  State 
muni'.v    at    75   for 
«no.    oqual  to.    ..    9478    2    6 
Received  In  Cont.  mo.    .. 
Received  in  State  mo.   .. 

Rec«  ive  i  of  aun- 
dr>'  persons  of 
the  a foreaaid  bat- 
talion and  two 
<omi)anIes  of  the 
r.th  battalion  on 
account  of  exer- 
<i.«e  fines  In- 
<U!red  in  the 
years  1781  and 
1782,  p.r  list  No. 
II 479    4    2 

Rec.  from  sundry 
li»*rsous  of  the 
battalion  afore- 
n  u  (iiimt  •  f 
fines  for  non  per- 
formance of  t  heir 
t'»ur  of  duty  In- 
ru!re.i  from  May 
I77n  to  April 
17^^.  p.T  liat  No. 
IIT 742  14    2 


Dalan<^e  buo  by  thr>  aiate. 


18930  14  10 
0   0    0 


0    0    0 
126    7    6 


0    0 
0   d 

0 
0 

0    0    0 
0    0    0 

£21469    7 

4 

126    7    6 

0    0    0 
0    0    0 


t32l  18    4 
144  11    S 

i;;66    9    <» 


YORK  COUNTT. 
Sundries,  Dr.  to  Matthew  Dill,  esq.  Sub  Lieutenant. 

CddI.  no  Slitc  mo.  tS|<ccL>-. 


t^ld  him  OD  ■!>• 
ooUcctM  Fib.  m. 
Dllto    ditto.     Uar 


do.    do.    Dec.  I 

ITS*.    

do.    do.     Nov. 

do.    do.  ITU.   .. 


ot  mllltls 


Fan    Capi.    Dodd> 


mill  I  Is  lo  marcb. 


70  ACCOUNTS    OF    LIEUTENANTS. 

Sundries,  Dr.  to  Matthew  Dill,  esq. 

Cont.  mo  Slat«  mo  Specie. 

lirought  over,   .       £4    0    0  17811  12    6  117  15    0  'M9  12    9 

United  Statcm. 

Capt.  Bonner  for 
warning  the  mt« 
litia  to  march. 
April  8.   1782.   ....         7    0    0 

William  Hodge 
and  three  others, 
privates  of  the 
militia,  for  ser- 
vices in  AuflTUSt, 
178u.  March  15, 
1782 8    0    0 

Capt.  Gould  for 
warning  the  mi- 
litia to  march, 
March     4.     ditto.         4  10    0 

Andrew  Thomp- 
son, esq.  exigen- 
ces of   apprehend- 

ers.        Nov.       26, 

1781 7    2    6 

Capt.     Wilson     for 

warning  the  mi- 
litia.     Feb.      16, 

li8-.     .••••*........  o  10    0 

Capi.  Coulston, 

f  <  ir      do.      March 

2a.     .10 7    0    0 

Capt.         O'Blalnee 

for    do.    June    S, 

do 4    5    0 

dipt.        M' Masters 

f.ii-     do.      March 

22.  do 7    0    0 

Capt.      Nisbit     for 

do.  Jan.  2.  do.  ..  6  0  0 
1^1  a  J  or    Ashton    for 

do.       from      1777, 

Oct.    1.    do 17  10   • 

Capt.     Neebit     for 

do.  Fib.  14,  1788,  6  0  0 
Capt.     Honner    for 

do.  Jan.  22.  do.  4  10  0 
Capt.      Gould      for 

d<n    Feb.    28,    do.         8    0    0 


earned £90    7    6  17&11  12    6  xVt  IS    0  m9  12    ? 


Brontht  oT.  ... 

UnlWd  SUtw. 

ink  I      Wlllluns, 


YORK  COUNTY. 

SundrlM.  Dr.  to  Matthew  DIH,  esq. 
Com.  DO  Btai*  roo 


D«.  u,  int.  .... 

Opt.      M'lUitin. 

Cavt-    wUion,    do. 

Capt.  Doddi.  do. 
lurch  IS,  do.  .. 
Cipt.     Sum*,     do. 


PmJd  oScKTm  for  rtcarnfl 


D  U>«  mlllUatKw.  t 


Huch  U.  ino.  !  diyg,    i 
the    tilt    Jun«,    i;Sl.    4J 


3I.1S9    7    4  l»    ;    «  i:«    »   » 

Matthew  Dill,  Ew;.  Dr, 

Specie. 
To  balBDce  of  the  foregoing  account  12091  12    4 

continental  money,  at  75  tor  one,  equal  to  £27  17    9 

Balance  due  by  the  atate  to  Matthew  Dill  116  13    8 

£144  11    E 

Contra,  Cr. 

Br  balance  ol  the  foregoing  account  £144  11    G 


ACCOUNTS    OF    LIEUTENANTS. 

So.  [.  I       Bromtii *Mi  » 

NISBGT'S 

D  BUck 


Enocb  Uodnrwood, 

John  BreniBSe 

P«lar  LfttM 


Peur  Ulllboaie.  . 
Seolamln  f  lile.  . 
JoKph  Plsle 


Slchalu  Kimble.  ... 
I^dertck  Bone,  ]u., 
Omrga  Mvur* 


Pettr  Clever.  ]un., 


Qaotgf  Herauiii.    ... 

J&cob  Underwood,  . 
John  Underwood.  .. 
Blliha  Underwood, 


■Indly, 


Jolin  Manb.  Inn.. 

John   Deri'y 

MordHial  T 
J'lhn  Thoma«,    . 


...lot  10  D  Joih' 
m  10  •  Jeho 
10110  0    Fred 


DLcklnian, 
:boiniu.      ... 


John  U'MulIan,  . 
Wltllam  M-Mallan 
Martin    aaudy,    . 


VOBK  COUNTY, 

73 

IMIO    0 

in  10  0 

mob.*)  Ful-UIOT.  .... 

John  Smlih,  Jon 

nn  0 

WU)     D 

^  .>n„n.  Glli,-«r.    ..  . 

....    iwio  * 

c„.„ 

Geo'«   N.w""""'.. 

MU    0 

116    0 

Mch..l«.  Wlr-m-n.    ., 

....      »!:■   « 

Mbh>cl   Kimble.    

>1t  s 

M15    0 

Slophel    Fo»le»ow(,    .. 

MU    0 

Petsr  Sniiler 

w  0   a 

»   tt  0 

Qi^orse  Apptr.  JulL,  .. 

Hmut  W»nHle-. 

H  i:^    0 

J«"b  M>K 

nu  0 

ChriWl«B  HoliiLtfr. 

-...  ISMS  10    0 

nado  a 

r*                         ACCOUNTS  OF  LlEUTE>fANTS. 
Braufhl 1711I 10   0  Breu(hC 


JededUh  Huuy, 
Jvhn  H«DnyiDXb» 
Thomu  Shipton,  . 
Conrad  CbnmliMc 
H>i»T  Mautorf,  . 
William  WI»Run 


>  i  I'hillD  Earbart 
I  James  White,  , 
I '  John  Helaan, 


I    Aaam  Brown, 


Benjamin   BoweTj 

CaplalBK  WIU.IAM9  ai 
ConpanlM 

Inthua    Fm*r , 


<lu  King.   . 


John  Tbonpwn, 


had  Cole,    

>h  May 

Fntlnt  FIckM, 


laaac  Desrdot,  .. 
Jacob  D«*Mort.  . 
William  WebRer. 


Anthonr  Daartort,    . 

I    John  Havlrwr.   

I   Jacob  Hrt*T 


John  KalKlr. 
Henrr  Deardorl 
OeoT«e  U11I<T, 


.nUrew  Irfiwbamh,   . 


Ian  Rlnaid, 
'   Mllln- 


TOBK  COUNTY. 
..  MM  11    1  '        Broufbt  a»r. 


ACCOUNTS   OP   LIEUTENANTS. 


Connid  Upaucli 

WlUlkm  Squib 

Pater  Couch 

Capt    WILSON'S  Compa 

John  ThompBOD 

I>«ac  BIllQt 

Vincent  Pamin 

Jamu  Fltb«r.   

Rlctinrd  BlacUord 

David    Lfwls 

Philip  Kins 


Chrlatoptaer  Klai,  . 


Powel  Troup,    „ 
I  '  Divia  Slrbagh, 

I    Philip  l>vi«h,   . 


John  Miller. 


Abnxn 
Nlch.  ^ 


...rin 

Company. 

J.m«  While.  Jan t 

Jolu  OrtrholHr.   .... 
LHiuTd  LiHM.  Inn., 

CfarUtlan  Myrei 

P4t«r  Pupp.  .......... 

Jokn  Clark 

Tilenllne  Flckia,  ... 

Jmcob  Mll*|r 

KIchoUa  Myru.   . . . . , 
P.1M  V.nee, 

Jj.cob  n-(lch&D».  ... 
Hmry   N*U 

Pttw  ■wbiu 

Vultntine  Kuopp,   ... 

Jolin   PIcher.    

Michael  SnMcr 

Nicholas  Boitaf* 

Jacob  Xtt*.  Jun 

Hanrjr  Sailor 

Jacob   Brookhart.    ... 
Htohad  SLontbach.    . 

Capl.  BONNER- 

OMrvc  Dantill 

KlcbDlafl  '^iTViiiaD.    . 
Vincent  PIIUDton.    .. 

Philip  Cronp 

Jacob  Flckaa 

Lndwlc  Roiemiller.    . 

iMae  Paanon 

John  Flckai 

Ellai  Pcanon 

-B-irnom  Widely    

•"alrb  BbI« 

Btnjamln  Wli«inalL 

D.Bl»l  Funk 


YOKK   COUNTY. 


t  Pllklnlon I 

ipl.    BPIECE'S  Company 


'  I  Pr«]«rlok  Lethtr,   . 


t.  MAT'S  Compa 


ACCOUNTS   OP  LIEUTENANTS. 


IVrr, 

k  Upd««rff.-» 

Hencs 

lUwI..  lun. 

Jam. 

Jacob 

Ri«.  W" 

Gwre 

Qsnrjt 

Noffet 

rapt.    M'MASTBB'S    COIdl 
Id  CupolBiid 


Andrew  Soonr 

JkcoIi  Bnia»r 

Jdfiph  Tarlor.    ..■■• 
UrUlUiB  Wihw     ... 

John  FUc»,  

JiUdM  Wlok»r.h«ni. 


EORK  C 

mil  1) 
1  a  0 

WW   * 
10  10    D 

WW  0 
WW  0 

WW   0 

WW  0 

OUNTY. 

t9 

iB    7    t 

Sixth  Cla... 

CtaJi. 

Clui, 

1  J  ( 

Cpl.   DODD-S  Com 

Fourth  a«M. 

Eighth  CliHB. 

Wmi.m  Thompwti 

C«pt.    WILSON'S    C 
sixth  olM*. 

JohD  Bmltb.  Jun., 



Elchth  elMB. 

Cpt.   COLSTON'S   c 
Fourth  ClxtJ. 

mp. 

nfth 

!;„:"■ 

SUth  Clan. 

Capt.  OODUyS  Co 

Sixth 

Cl.«. 

WW    0 

"1" 

CBJrt.  BONN 
Pourth 

Fifth  Cla.., 

WW    D 

Sixth  Claw. 

Ju»»  splktm.!.. 

1^^ 

Andrvv  Lowbaucta 

StvetHh  aa»i 

GKhth 

Capl.   M- MASTER'S 
Pourtb  nasi. 

•-imp. 

Joseph  Taylor , 

Opt.  OBLAINIS'  Co 
Fourth  Clau. 

wio  0 

James  widtemham 

WUMan.  Klrr.''..""":.. 

a*n. 

Flftb 

Ssvcnlh  CLai.». 

^^ 

Mil    I 

8«  ACCOUNTS   OF  LIEUTENANTS. 

STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS  OF  MATTHEJW  DILL.  ESQ. 
Matthew  Dill,  esq.  sub-lieutenant,  Dr. 

To  Militia  Fines, 

Received  from  sundry  persons  of  the 
5th  district  of  York  County  Militia, 
their  fines  for  non-attendance  upon 
days  of  exercise  incurred  before 
April  1783,  per  list, £226  12    7 

Ditto,  do.  fines  for  not  marching  in 
their  classes  of  the  militia,  incur- 
red before  April  1783 386  16    9 

613    9    4 

Balance  due  by  the  state, 3  12    6 

£617    1  10 
Contra,  Cr. 

Balance  of  last  account, 116  13    8 

By  William  Scott,  esq.  lieutenant. 

Paid  him  in  receipts  for  militia  ser- 
yices,  received  for  fines, 281    4    4 

By  lost  and  desperate  debts. 

For  the  sum  of  £23  3  4,  of  which 
Matthew  Dill  was  robbed,  and  431. 
of  which  Robert  Stewart,  his  col- 
lector, was  robbed,  ordered  to  be 
credited  by  the  resolution  of  as- 
sembly of  31st  March,  1784, 66    3    4 

By  United  States, 

Paid    capt.   Colston,    for  , 

military  services,  March 

30th,   1783,    £2    0    0 

Capt.  May,    do.    do.    do. 

6th,  do.,  13  10    0 

Capt.  Parkison,     do    do. 

Sept.  16,  do 7    0    0 

John  Rankin,  do.  do.  May 

10,  do.,  6    0    0 

28  10    0 

Military  Expences, 

Paid  captains  for  services  In  their 
companies,  wages  of  adjutants. 
Drummer  and  Fifer,  for  clerk  hire 
and  paper,  per  account  and  vouch- 
ers, and  other  contingent  expences,        70  15    6 

For    his   own   services.    86   days,    at 

12  s  6  per  day, 53  15    0 

124  10    6 

617     1  10 


TORK  COUNTY. 


C»pt   MAT'S  Comp.  K"""   ^*"'-    •■ 

D.ni.1   IUhu«r 1    r.    S  |  ,v^|'.*'^^"' . 

I  John   Copeland. 
;  Daniel   Bally,    ,, 

iiaraD  Hab*r 

C»pl.    COL^TO.V-S    ( 

iMsc  reaidorlt 

Jacob   DMrtorfr 

Rmnr   Btofff r 


ilordw:il  miiUmi 


C«Iit  OOULD'8  Corai 


Thnmas  Penrow. 


:,   OOULn  «   M-MA»TER'S 


Thamu  Jcnnlnc 


V   > 


ACCOUNTS    OF   LIEUTENANTS. 


HrouKhi 176 


John    Elliot 

ThoniHH    Jennens.     . 

William   Mat'.h«'ws. 

Samuel   Johnym,    ., 

Solomon    fate 

Ge(U»fP'   Robinson.    . 

J<  sei»h  Hunter,    

Peter    Myres,    

Nathaniel   Freeman. 

James    Hanes 

John    Willis 

Ga«ilovo   Fisher.    . . . 

Joseph    Tedro 

IIuKh   liandles 

Mlmdlah     Peden.     .. 

J«'hn   Freeman 

Timothy    Kirk,     

Samuel  John 

Jonathan  Thomas,    . 

Absalom   Wall 

Stophon   Johnson.    .. 

Etlward   Jones 

John  Huflman 

Peter  Myres 

Daniel    Slane 

John   Fields 

J<»hn    PenncT 

James    Klllot,    

Caleb    I  {ally 

I>avi«l    C'opelaud.     ... 
Jf'S.«j»*    Wlokersham, 

Ja<  ob  Kyman 

KlliH    Rogers 

Danbl    Daily 

.John   SlnRer 


1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 


S 
8 
4 
4 
8 
4 


0  18 

0  Ifi 
2    8 

1  4 

1  4 

2  8 
0  13 
2    8 


1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 


I 

8 
8 
8 
8 
8 

0  17  6 
18  0 
2  8 
2    8 

1  19 
1  4 
0    9 

0  9 

1  10 
1    8 

8 
8 
8 
8 
8 


8 
8 
S 
0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 


22G  12  7 
List  of  twines  received. 

Capi.    GOl'LDS   &    MMASTER'S  C. 

KiKhth   Class. 

Ezeklel    Kirk :.    3  0 

H«  nry   Lewis,   ji  n 10  10  0 

«J»ofK«'   Bayard 3    0  0 

Antheny  Moore 4    1  0 

Simuel    1^'wls,    sen 7  11  3 

laniHs  Harris 4  16  0 

nanl«l    Itaily 10  10  0 

('apt.   MAY'S  Comp. 

Abr.iiM    Neaf.     ••     :<    x  X 

CJe.,rK»'    Maur»  r '^    0  0 

riiirn»'i    Fish*  r 4    0  0 

Cai.t.    SPKECirS    Comp. 

Wlir.am   Lenhart 6  10  0 

Carried C2  11  6 


IJrouRht 

Nleholas   Zinn 

Philip  Julias 

Henry   HufTman 

Michael   Sparr 

Chr  stia  n   Covenaur 

Solomon   Latbha 

Sixth  Class. 

William    Harbolt 

Capt.    DODD'S    Comp 

Daniel    I.^o8" 

Thoma3  Grist 

Henjamin   Bower 

Henry    MlUor,     

Joseph   Grist 

Capt.    BONNER'S  Comp 

George   Robbineit 

John   Flckar. 

John  Burkholder,    

Ellas    Pearson 

William   Wisely,    

John    Ross 

William    Cox.     

KnfK'h    Vanseoyr 

Caleb  Bales,  Jun 

<'M>t.   COLSTON'S  Comp 

Henry    Stover 

Jesse    (^»ok 

.\bram    r.i«>wbaugh 

Jacob  Ipe • 

Capt.    WILSON'S   Comp. 

Wllllfttn  Anderson 3 

Capt.   M'M.^STER'S  Comp. 

.Tesse    Willis 

William    Malshy 

Daniel   Slane 

Capt.  Gol'LD'S  Comp 

Isa.u-    Tate 

Moses    Rambo 

John    Elliot 

John    Willis 

Capt.    NISHET'S    Comp 

Thomas   Guln 

Michael    Oury 

Frederick   Rider 

^leorge    Cough 

Henry    Weaver 

Peer   Henry 

'.'oiirad    UppauKh 

Toh  n    Green .     

John    Nlsely 

fai'iib    Vore 

[<  In    Horseman 


ti2  11 

6 

3  19 

u 

3    3 

0 

10  10 

0 

3    3 

1 

4    0 

1) 

10  10 

1) 

S    4 

u 

3    0 

0 

10  10 

0 

10  10 

« 

2  10 

0 

10  10 

<l 

7  10 

0 

9    0 

0 

7  10 

0 

3    0 

0 

10  10 

0 

8    0 

• 

1010 

0 

r>  0 

•t 

6    0 

0 

4  10 

•) 

5    0 

II 

ri     0 

i> 

5     0 

u 

0     0 


5    0 

0 

5  ir. 

0 

5    0 

0 

10    0 

0 

2  17 

a 

11  17 

0 

8  10 

0 

3    0 

<» 

12    5 

a 

3    0 

0 

10  10 

0 

13    1 

0 

7    2 

s 

3  19 

« 

5    0 

0 

6    4 

5 

7    0 

0 

2    0 

0 

«'arriel. 


S46  17    9 


STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS  OF  JAMES  DICKSON,  ESQ. 
SUB-LIEUTENANT  OF  YORK  COINTY.  FROM  THE  2I)TH 
MARCH,  1780.  TO  THE  1ST  April.  1783. 

James  Dickson,  esq.  Siib-Lleiit.  of  York  County,  Dr. 

Corn.    mo.  aUle    mo.  SpKlf. 


s^ 


ACCOUNTS   OF  LIEUTENANTS. 


Sundries,  Dr.  to  James  Dickson,  esq.  Sub-Lieutenant. 

Cont.    mo.  State   mo.  Specie. 

William  Scott,   esq.   Ueut*"!!- 
unt. 


Paid  liim  from  July,  1781.  to 
.lun.   1783.    p^r  reoeiolB 


70    0    0 


%    0    0 


50    0    0 


Unite!  States. 

Paid    capt.    Joslah 

Kerr,   the  pay  of 

his    comp.     from 

2lt't   Aug.  to  14th 

Ser»t.       1780,       at 

■undry  tlm^'fl.    to 

Nov.      1782.      per 

pay  rolls  and  ro> 

ceipts 5618  13    4 

Paid    capt.    Joslah 

Ken  for  the  hire 

of  a  4  hone  team. 

hauliner      mlUtla 

baprf?age,  at  sun- 
dry     times,      to 

Nov.     ITS'i 12«H)    0    U 

Paid  capt.  Abm. 
Platcher  for  his 
STvices  nnd  ez- 
peiices  taking  up 
and  securing  two 
desertfrs,       May 

4th.    ITSI 2.'»2  15     0 

Paid  thft  several 
captains  of  the 
4th  battalion  for 
servlci'.",  wnm- 
InpT  the  mlUtIa 
to  march,  (ler  ac- 
counts and  re- 
ceipts        14  10    0 

Paid  And.  Oulnn. 
a  7  months  man. 
for  his  services. 
In  the  1st  Penn- 
sylvania regmnt 
July  1st.  17«1.    ...        IT  10    0 


7071    8 


J    0    0 


0    0    0 


0     •'     0 


n    0    0 


32    0    f 


Mllltla   Bxpences. 

Paid    capt.    Joslah 
Kerr.       for      the 


Carried. 


7141    8    4 


.%0    0    0 


82    0    0 


YORK   COUNTY. 


Sundries.  Dr.  to  J&meii  Dickson,  eeq.  Sub- Lieu  tenant. 


•ODtOTcd     (orlj- 


I"or  [HT  (mm  1 


86 


ACCOUNTS    OF  LIEUTENANTS. 


James  Dickson,  esq.  Sub-Lieutenant,  Dr. 


State  mo. 

To  balance  of  the  foregoing  account,.  4    3    0 

Balance  due  to  Mr.  Dickson,  in  specie,  0    0    0 


4    3    0 


Specie. 

0    0  0 

72    9  1 

72    9  1 


Contra  Cr. 

By  balance  of  the  foregoing  account,  0    0    0 

Ditto  in  continental  money,  649  1  2, 

at  75  for  one, 0    0    0 

Balance  due  by  Mr.  Dickson,  in  state 

money,    4    3    0 


4     3     0 


63  16  0 

8  13  1 

0    0  0 

72    9  1 


No.    I. 

Fourth  Battalion. 

Capt,    COLMERY'S  Comp 


John    Wright 1 

r, 

William    Carson i 

«; 

Hiu?h   Adams ] 

I'l 

I^pvy    Hutton 1 

Samu<-1    Harland ] 

6 

Benjamin   Wrigrht 1 

c 

.".ihii    Wriprht.    Irish 

John   Adams 1 

c 

RiibsTt    Elliot 1 

{', 

William  GHfflth l 

a 

Nathan   Hammond ] 

John  Wrijrht.   sen.,    ] 

David   Jolce l 

0 
6 
6 

t'apt.    CAMPBEIX'S  Compa 


Stephen  GrlfTen 

Samuel  Morrow 

I^aurenoe  (^ox 

l.ulwck  Warapler,    ... 

.Fohn  Livingrston 

Jam»^s  Hemphill 

.l<math)tn  Potts 

Wiriam   Braken 

William  Braken.    »en., 

Ja«>«l»    Mails 

JoBi'ph    Davlse 

Jos.'ph    Hobson 


«^arrled. 


0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0    4 

6 

0  19 

r. 

0    4 

R 

0  10 

6 

1    4 

f. 

1     4 

6 

1     4 

6 

1     4 

C 

0    9 

0 

1     4 

6 

2."  10    0 


Bniughl 2:»  10  0 

Joseph   Grimth 1     4  6 

Jacob   Bonder 0  14  6 

John    Maxwell l    4  6 

Th"ma.«5  Long 1    4  6 

Samuel    Mickle 1    4  6 

James  M'Rail 0  19  6 

Thomas  Blackburn 0  19  6 

Jonathan    Hewet 0  19  6 


(\ipt.    POLIX)CK'S   Comp. 

Ja«-ob   Oldom 0  19  C 

Miohiel    Bownr 1    4  6 

Henr>-   Breme 0  18  6 

Thomas    Tarn»^y 0  18  6 

Goorgr*'    Mails 1    4  6 

William    Mails 1    4  6 

Rob»>rt    Delap 1    4  6 

Anthony   Swisher 1    4  6 

William    Smith 1    4  6 

James  Smith 1    4  6 

Jamt's  Maxwell 1    4  6 

Nathan    M'Grew 1    4  6 

John   Griffith 1    4  6 

Peter  M'Orew 1    4  6 

'.•^onanl  Sidt'j-lnKer 14  6 

FIndley   M'Grew 1    4  6 

Adam  Livingston 0    9  0 

Samu»'l   Sturgetm.    0  14  0 

John  Livingston 0    4  S 

Carried S4    3  0 


YORK    COL'XTY. 


Fourth  ClKs., 

Robert  Elliot 

...    in 

.S" ST™.* :;::;;,:  SI 

John  Wrisht,  tea 

.  ,     sa- 

Fourth  Cluf. 

■■■- 

J.m«   «-«r W- 

«"■'«-   Wll'-n-"" 

...          1» 

CBl)t.  KERR-a  Cnnipsny. 


Lud.    Elchellwritet. 


Stilh    LIbm.  ThomM   M-Cal 

>   it-Grt.    IM    n    n    JamM   Knoi, 


Cpt.    8TOC1CTOX-S    C 

Fonn 

ti  Clati. 

1    CISH. 

Blilt 

1    ClB«. 

loob  KaDi 

!.  PATTERSON'S  Comranv 


88 


ACCOUNTS   OF  LIEUTENANTS 


Brought 11.323  13  10 

Sixth   Class. 

John  Torbet,    60    0  0 

David   Potter 200    2  6 

William   Mltchel 199  12  6 

Matthew  Caml'ln 200    0  0 

Caixt.    M'ELVAIN'S    Corap. 

Fourth  Class. 

William  Sturgeon 200    0  0 

Christian  Frett 226    0  0 

Peter  Shupe 200    0  0 

Adam   Hoofman 150    0  0 


Fifth   Class. 

James  Marsden 

Jacob  Sllnch 

David  M'Creery.    

Daniel  Hooper 


200  0  0 

200  0  0 

250  0  0 

70  5  0 


Sixth   Class. 

James  Lindsay 

Matthew    Marsden 


200  0  0 

200  0  0 

13.869  13  10 

No.  III. 

Fourth  Battalion. 

Capt.    COLMERY'S   Company. 

Seventh  Class. 
John   Johnston,    4    0    0 


Brought.     .. 
Joseph  Dlzert, 
John  Griffith,    . 
Peter  M'Orew, 


MIO  0 

4   0  0 

8    0  0 

2    5  0 


Capt.  PATTERSON'S  Comp. 

Seventh  Class. 

Walter   Maxwell 2    0    0 

Capt.    M'ELVAIN'S   Comp. 

Seventh  Class. 

Samuel   M'Curdy 4    0    0 

46  15    0 
No.   IV. 

Fourth  Battalion. 

CapL    COLMERY'S  Comp. 

Eighth  Class. 

Henry  Leech,    3  10    0 

Capt.   CAMPBLE'S  Comp. 
E'.ghth  class. 


Robert    Ambrose, 
John    Brewer,    . . . 


1  11    6 
3    0    0 


Capt.  STOCKTON'S  Comp. 
Eighth  Class. 


Isaac  Darbrah, 


3    0    0 


("apt.   CWMPIJLKS  ('.mil'. 

Seventh  Class. 
John    Livingston 4    0    0 

Capt.    STOCKTON'S   Comp. 

Seventh  Class. 
James  Maxw**!! 3    0    0 

.Capt.     POLLOCK'S    Company. 

Seventh   Class. 

A.   Ilickenloober.    Jun 4    0    0 

::    0    0 
3    0    0 


Samuel    Mickle 

William  M'Elheney, 
Richard  Pollock,    ... 


5  0  0 
8  15  0 
5    0    0 


Capt.    MAUGBLIN'S  Comp. 
I                         Eighth  CIas.<i. 
!  Thomas  SUlcks 4    0    0 


Capt.    KERR'S  Comp. 


Peter  Wool  ford. 


6  10    0 


David   M'Cown 

James  Blekely.   Jun., 


Capt.    ELLIOT'S   Comp. 
I                        Eighth  Class. 
;  William  Walker 0  10    0 

;  Capt.  PATTERSON'S  Comp. 

Sight h  Class. 


Capt.    ELLIOT'S   Company. 

Seventh   Class. 
Alexander   M'Grew 2  10    0 


John  Gilbert 

William   John>ton. 
.lames    Sterling.     . . 


4  0  0 
1  0  0 
3    0    0 


Carried. 


2.;  :o    ."> 


46  16    6 


YORK   COUNTY.  89 

STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS  OP  HENRY  SLAGLE.  ESQ.  SUB- 
UEUTENANT  OP  YORK  COUNTY,  FROM  MARCH  1780, 
TO  APRIL  1783. 

Henry  Slagle,  esq.  8ub-11eu tenant.  Dr. 

To  Militia  Fines. 

Cont.  Mo.  Specie. 

Received  by  blm,  per  bis  achnowl- 
edgement  from  the  several  com- 
panies of  tbe  Ttb  battalion,  tor  noD- 
attendance  upon  daya  ot  exercise, 
fall   1780,   £10244  12     6 

Ditto,  tbeir  fines  for  do.  In  sprlns 
and  fall.  1781 £112    9    8 

Ditto,    do.    1782 36    2    9 

Ditto,  do.  tor  Tour  flues, 
incurred  between  June 

1780,  and    April    1783. 

per  list,   476  17    3 

£625    9     g 

Balance  due  to  Henry  Slagle,  Carried 
forward 1977  17    6 

£12222  10    0         £625    9     8 

Sundries  Dr.  to  Henry  Slagle,  esq.  Sub -Lieu  ten  ant. 

Cont.  Mo.  Specie. 

William  Scott,  esq.  lieutenant. 
Paid  blm  at  sundry  times,  from  June 

1781.  to  August  1783, 9912    0     0  351  17  10 

United  States. 

Paid  Sergeant  Houck, 
warning  the  militia  to 
march,  Sept.  31.  1781...  1  15    0 

Capt.  Sherrelz.  for  warn- 
ing out  guards  tor  tbe 
prisoners.  Oct.  15.  1781,  2  12    6 

Capt.  Carrell,  do.  Novem- 
ber 28.  do 2    5    0 

Sergeant  Clapsadale,  do. 

Nov.  30.  do 1  10     0 

Captain  Puree,  do.  Jan.  9. 

1782 0  10     0 

Lieutenant    Hupard.    do. 

July  2,  do 0  15    U 

Paid  Sergeant  Houck,  for 
warning  out  mlliila, 
Oct.  U,  do 2     5    0 

Do.  Captain  Eckes,  do 
Oct.  26.  do 2  10    0 

Carried,    £14    2    6  £9912    0    0       £35117  10 


yO  ACCOUNTS    OF   LIEUTENANTS. 

Sundries  Dr.  to  Henry  Slagle,  esq. 

Cont.  Mo.  Specie. 

Brought  over,    ....       £14     2     6    9912    0    0  351  17  10 

Paid    Captain    Will.    do. 

July  26,  1783,  0    15    0 

Do.  Captain  Foreman,  do. 

do.  28,  do., 1  10    0 

16    7    6 

Militia  Expences. 

Paid  officers  for  serving  in  their  com- 
panies, for  repairing  drums,  for  2 
new  drums,  wages  of  drummer  and 
flfers,  an  express,  services  at  ap- 
peals, paper  per  accounts  and  re- 
ceipts,          160  10    0  37    7    9 

For  his  pay  as  Sub  Lieutenant,  from 
8th  June,  1780,  to  21st  June,  1781, 
86  days,  at  £25  per  day, 2150    0    0 

Do.  do.  from  the  21st  June  1781,  to 
the  1st  April,  1783,  148  days,  at 
12  s  6  per  day,  92  10    0 

Balance  due  to  the  state,  carried  for- 
ward,      127    6    7 

£12222  10  0    £625  9  8 

Henry  Slagle,  Esq.  Dr. 
To  balance  of  the  above  account, £127    6    7 

Contra  Cr. 

By  balance  of  the  foregoing  account  £1977  17    6 

continental  money,  at  75  for  one 26    7     5 

Balance  due  by  Henry  Slagle,  esq 100  19    2 

£127    6    7 


YORK  COUNTY. 


31 


STATE   OF   TOUR    FINES    IN    THE    7TH    BATTALION    OF 
YORK   COUNTY   MILITIA,   ACCORDING   TO   THEIR   DIF- 
FERENT CLASSES. 
Ciipl.  aiUON  CLARE'S  Comrany.  Braughl  over 18)1    >    9 


John  E 


Firth  ClBS 


Jnui>ti  Dmcktr,    . 


.   MICHAEL  CARL'S 


NDBiOW  FuF 


Ci.pt.    CONRATl 


H«nn-  Hesrlns, 


92 


ACCOUNTS   OF  LIEUTENANTS 


Brought  over,    £373    8    9 

Capt.  JOHN  W AMPLER' S  Comp. 
Fourth  Class. 


C'jnrad    Long,     . . . 
Din  el  Youngblut, 


Fifth   Class. 


Christian  Bowser, 


Sixth   Class. 


Peter  Gundy. 


Eighth  Class. 


Michael  Foreman. 
MathliiH  Lower,  . 
Henr>    Felyer,    ... 


5    0 
8    0 


Brought £41fi  17    Z 


Jonathan  Backner, 


Fifth  Class. 


0 
U 


10  13    6 


7  10    0 


5    0 

2  5 

3  0 


("apt.   PETER  ECKES  Company. 
Fourth  Class. 


Robert  Chester, 
Jacob  Backner, 


Sixth   Class. 


Casper  White, 
John  Grabll.  . 
Valtln  Br»^sel, 


Seventh  Cla.^^s. 


Nicholas  Emich. 
Jacob  Sower,    ... 


Eighth  Class. 


William  Bagher, 
Jacob  Wlster.    .. 


I  •  •  •  •  I 


Adam  Sower, 


GOO 


Carried £41.=i  17    3 


9    0    0 


3    0    0 
9    0    0 


3    7    6 

12    0    0 

U    0    0 


2  10    0 
9    0    0 


1    2    6 

9    0    0 


£476  17    3 


Colonel  Slagle  hath  been  applied  to  and  is  required  to  fur- 
nish a  list  of  the  Exercise  Fines  paid  him,  but  it  hath  not  yet 
been  rendered. 


The  foregoing  accounts  have  been  adjusted  at  different  times. 

JOHN  NICHOLSON. 

Comptroller  General's  Office, 
December  8th,  1785. 


STATE  OF  I'HK  ACCOUNTS 


William  Scott,  Esquire, 

LIEUTENANT 


YORK   COUNTY. 


1 783-1 784. 


(im 


STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS  OF  WILLIAM  SCOTT, ESQUIRE, 
LIEUTENANT  OF  YORK  COUNTY,  FROM  THE  1ST  OF 
APRIL,  1783,  TO  1ST  OP  NOVEMBER.  1784. 

William  Scott,  esquire,  Dr.  tu  Sundries. 

State  Mo.  Specie, 

Balance  due  at  laat  settlement, £54    4    5         239    S  10 

Matthew  Dill.  esq.  Sub.  Lieut. 
Received  of  him  in  receipts  tor  mili- 
tia pay,  281    4    4 

Militia  Fines. 

Received  since  laat  set- 
tlement. Irom  sundry 
persons  ot  the  first  bat- 
tall  Ion.  exercise  tines 
Incurred  before  7lh 
April,  1783.  per  list. 
No.   1 £107     6  10 

Do.  <lo.  ol  3d  battalion, 
do.  No.  2 52    6    6 

Do.  do.  ot  5th    battalion. 

do.  No.  3 33  f2     3 

Do.  do.  of  the  1st,  3d, 
and  5th  battalions. 
class  fines  Incurred  tie- 
fore  1783.  per  list,  No. 
4 590  10     6H 

Received  of  Matthias 
Elcholtz,  part  ot  a 
bounty  promised  John 
Conner,     a     substitute    . 

who  deserted 3    3    0 

7S6  19  Ihi 

United  States. 

Received  of  William  Alexander,  for  a 
grindstone  which  had  been  used  at 
the  stochade 1  10  0 

54     1     5      1309     2  3M 


Sundries  Dr.  to  William  Scott,  esq.  Lleute 
John  Hay.  esq.  Treasurer  York  County. 
Paid  him  on  accc«nl, 

Aug.   1.1783 £90     0    0 

Mav    5,1784 340     8     5 


Carrletl 

(95) 


96 


ACCOUNTS    OF  LIEUTENANTS. 


Sundries  Dr.  to  William  Scott,  esq.  Lieut,  of  York  County. 


Brought. 


State  Mo. 


Specie. 
£874    8    4 


United  States. 

Paid  Richard  Vardin,  a 
pensioner  disabled  in 
the  service,  November 
3d,  1783,  £11 13  7%.  Jan. 
3d,  1784,  £5  16  9%,  April 
6th,  do.  £5  16  9%,  Oct. 
4th,  do.  £11  13  7%,  be- 
ing his  half  pay.  by 
order  of  court,  for  a 
year  and  an  half,  end- 
ing October  1st,  1784,.. 

Paid  John  Mum,  for  a 
drum  lost  at  camp  Se- 
curity, June  16th,  1784, 


Militia  Expences. 

Paid  for  paper,  clerking, 
going  express,  and  cap- 
tains for  making  re- 
turns of  male  whites,.. 

For  his  own  services  as 
Lieutenant,  from  the 
1st  April,  1783,  to  the 
1st  November,  1784,  . . . 


£35    0  10% 
2    5    0 


7  15    9 


228  15    0 


Balance  due  to  the  state,  £54  4  5. 
state  mo.  and  £160  17  4.  specie, 
of  which  about  £100  represented  to 
be  in  the  hands  of  delinquent  col- 
lectors  


37    5  10% 


236  10    9 


54     4     5      160  17    4 


54     4     5     1309     2     3% 


Note. — In  addition  to  the  balance  of  this  account.  Col.  Scott  is 
to  be  charged  with  £44  8  9  Continental  Mone>.  being  eo  much 
more  received  than  was  charged,  see  list.  No.  1.  last  account. 


YORK  COUNTY.  1 

LlBt  Of  Ones  received  by  William  SeoU.  esq.  Lieutenant. 

Mo.  L  Ko.  1 

Uiuter  nim.  Miuier  Flnia. 


CapUln  EBRMAN'B 
Ulch<c]  carver    


.  KOPPENIIAVm-a  Com] 


Johs  Nlppli 

J*truth   VlHieBTJiff.    . 


lln  UAHNN-S  Comi 
JM*Cl»ui.  


CapUtn  COHFORT-a  ConpftiiT. 


Jncob   OtniMr,    , 


:  ChrUtl&D  Shnl 


CM'talD  FORD'S 


Philip  Bplebtn 


John  Dnxlar,   . 


Clpt.  PENKINOTOITB  Comi 


n  WHITE'S  Cotut 


9S 


ACCOUNTS    OF   LIEUTENANTS 


Brought £9    0  3 

Captain   PAULEY'S   Company. 

John  StoufTer 2  16  0 

Capt.    GIESTMAN'S   Company. 

Jacob  Folkener 511  0 

Jacob  Wldeman,    5    0  0 

George  Emich,   512  0 

Peter   Koontz 6  12  0 

£S3  12  3 

No.  4. 

Class  Fines. 

Fourth  Class. 

James    Bennet 3    7  0 

Joseph  Way 7    2  0 

Peter  Sencency 13    5  6 

George  Krantz 6  19  9 

Francis  Lamont 10  17  0 

Martin   Weller 7    6  6 

Fifth   Class. 

Pf'ter  Dlnkle 16  17  3 

Benjamin   WUlard 10  17  0 

Andrew   Tyse 10  17  0 

EUsha   Kirk 1117  0 

James   Love 10  17  0 

Dani^^I   Spangler 10  17  0 

Baltzer   Spangler 1111  0 

Jacob  Elchelberger 6  11  0 

Daniel  Harklns 16    4  0 

Peter   Secats 1112  0 

Ulrlch   Eleberger 10  17  0 

Michael  Brubacher 10  17  0 

Lorantz    Krone 10  17  0 

Andrew  Ritter,    13  16  4 

Daniel  Ham 10  10  0 

Francis  St ralthoff 10  10  0 

Michael    Shenk 3  15  0 

Carried 237    0  3 


Brought £237    0  3 

Sixth  Clan. 

David  Strait 10  10  o 

Christian  Rat  von 18    7  0 

Jacob  Worley 12    6  0 

Seventh  Class. 

Nathan   Updegraff 1115  2 

Gotleip  Reigart 10   0  0 

Michael    Law 4    1  10 

Christn.  Bixler.  jun 10  10  0 

Conrad  Dull 13    3  9 

Jacob  Whilman 10  10  0 

John  StoufTer 12    5  6 

Joshua   Hutton 10    0  0 

Eighth  Class. 

John  Immel 14  16  1 

John  Ottinger 10  13  m 

Peter  Rupert 12    8  4 

James  Worley 2    6  S 

Francis   Worley 10  12  9 

Jacob   Kepler 1  10  0 

Peter  Meyre 10  16  2 

Joseph   Bixler 10    1  8 

Jacob  Klingman 10  16  10 

George  Geese 10    0  0 

Jacob  Bixler 4  18  0 

Peter  Boyer 16  12  1 

Conrad    Strlchler 11    6  11 

Philip  Thomas 5  19  8 

Jacob  Hoyer 9    711 

Jacob  Stradler 5  10  0 

John   Dorman 1114  0 

Isaac  Florey 9    4  4 

John    Lean 13    0  0 

Christian  Heffner 10  10  0 

Thomas  Sparks 5    0  0 

Georg<*   Beek 12    1  10 

Peter  Howser 6   *  0 

Mich.    Lelbemstone 10  10  0 

John  Eberhart 5   0  0 


£590  10  6% 


Examined  and  settled, 

JOHN  NICHOLSON, 
Comptroller-General's  Office,  Dec.   10,   1784. 


STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS 


William  Scott,  Esquire, 


LIEUTENANT 


YORK   COUNTY. 


ow 


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ACCOUNTS   OF  LIEUTENANTS. 


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STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS 

OF 

JOHN   HAY,  ESQUIRE, 

SUB-UEUTENANT 


YOKK  COUNTY. 


^ 


(104; 


JOHN  HAT,  Esq.  late  Sub-Ueuteaant  of  York  Countr,         Di 
To  HilUa  FIum. 

Recelred  from  the  delinquents  of  five 

compaDiee  of  the  2d  battalion,  Iflt, 

2d.  3d,  4tli,  5tb,  6th.  7th  and  8th 

claases,  for  non-perftn'mance  of  ml- 

liUa  dutr,  per  list  No.  1 4410  15    0 

Ditto  from  ditto,  of  the  3d  battalion, 

iBt.  2d.  3d.  4th,  5tb,  Gth,  7th  and 

Sth  claaaee.  for  ditto,  ditto,  pn  list 

No.  2 4566    6    0 

Ditto,    from    sundry    delinquents    et 

Col.  Jamison's  battalion,  tor  non- 

atteadance   on   exercise   days,   per 

list  No.  3 848    6    0 

9824    G 

To  Col.  Richard  H'Calllster,  late  Lieutenant. 

Received  from  him,  said  to  be  a  balance IGl  12 

Balance  due  Col.  May,  equal  to  £260  2  9  specie,        23G3  13 


Contra  Cr. 
By  Col.  Richard  M'Caillster,  late  Lieutenant. 
Paid  him  on  account  of  mllltla  fines 

received  March  20tb.  1778,  1875  0  0 

Do.           do.           April  24tb  do 412  10  0 

Paid  WJlllam  Scott,  Esq.  Paymaster, 

per  order,  July  3d.  do 868  10  0 

Paid    do.    do.      do.    Aug.   20th,  do.  412  10  0 

Paid    do.    do.      do.    Sept.  26th,  do.  337  10  0 

Paid    do.    do.      do.    Feb.     7tb,  do.  2125  0  0 

Paid    do.    do.      do.    Oct.      6th,  1779,  165  7  0 
Paid  himself  on  account  of  fines,  Feb. 

9th,  ditto. 637  10  0 

By  United  States. 
Paid    William  srciean    for    hauling 

mllltla  baggage,  Feb.  20th.  1778,...        78  10    0 
Paid  Peter  Jekes  for  9  blaakets,  do. 

4th 9    0    0 

Paid  Peter  Low  for  hauling  mllltla 

baggage,  March  4th,  54    0    0 

Paid  George  Kann  for  baullng  militia 

baggage,  Feb.  2d,  66    0    0 

Paid  John  Smeltzer  for  a  gun  lost  In 

the  service,  Nov.  1777 3  15    6 

Carried  forward £211    5    6 

(105) 


106  ACCOUNTS    OF  LIEUTENANTS. 

Contra  Cr.  continued.  £6827  17  i 

By  United  States,  brought  forward,  £211    5    6 

Paid  Cornelius  Bark  for  apprehending  desert- 
ers.  Feb.  26th.   1778 6  IS    0 

Paid  Philip  Wal linger  for  building  a  hut  for 
the  prisoners  at  York-Town,  Oct.  16th, 
1777 16    8 

Paid  Robert  Richie  for  warning  the  militia 
to  march  to  camp.  Jan.  27th,  1778,    1    6   0 

Paid  John  Shamer.  expreps,  Dec.  9th,  1777 1  17    6 

Paid  G.  Spangler.   do.  after  deserters,   22d,   ....  10    0 

Paid  Capt.  Lauman  for  oil  for  the  guard,  and 
cartridges,   ditto  22d 0  14    9 

Paid  A.  Moore  for  making  cartridges  for  the 
guard  over  the  prisoners.  Mar.  19th,  1778 

Paid  R.  Miller  for  wood  for  the  troops,   do.,   .. 

Paid  Zacharias  and  Swltzer,  expences  bringing 
deserters.    March  13th 

Paid  Lieut.  Smith  and  Capt.  Liggett  for  warn- 
ing militia  to  march  to  camp.  Apr.  2d 

Paid  Conrad  Llmbach  for  hauling  militia  bag- 
gage.  April  6th 

Paid  Lieut.  Bushong  for  warning  militia  to 
march,  and  riding  express,   April  10th 

Paid  Daniel  Calllfan,  exi>ences,  and  for  taking 
up  a  deserter  from  the  continental  army, 
April   18th 

Paid  Charles  Metmeen  for  taking  up  a  de- 
serter.   April  21st,    

Pa  d  Marmaduke  M'Clean  for  two  ditto,  April 
23d 

Paid  Capt.  Shaver  for  one  ditto.   28th 

Pa:d  John  Donnell  for  two  ditto.   29th 

Paid  Abr.  Reigas  for  one  ditto.   May  8th 

Paid  Mozer  and  Maxwell  for  one  do.  9th 

Paid  James  Robinson  for  one  do.  do 

Paid  Robert  Allison  for  one  d  tto.   do 

Pal.l  Jeremiah  Ferrile  for  one  do.  16th 

Pa  d  Marmaduke  M'Clean  for  one  do.  17th 

Paid  John  M'Mellen  for  three  ditto.   23d 

Paid  Capt.  Hahn  for  warning  the  militia  to 
march.   May  11th,    0  10    0 

Paid  Andrew  Webb  for  taking  up  a  deserter, 
23th    ditto 

Paid  Marmaduke  M'Clean  for  one  do.  do.,   


0  10 

0 

1  2 

6 

4  10 

0 

2  10 

0 

15  10 

0 

2  8 

0 

6  0 

0 

6  0 

0 

12  0 

0 

6  10 

0 

12  0 

0 

6  0 

0 

6  0 

0 

6  0 

0 

6  0 

0 

6  0 

0 

6  0 

0 

18  0 

0 

Carried   forward. 


6  0  0 
6  0  0 

£4S8  14  6 

6817  17  0 

YORK  COUNTY. 

Contra  Cr.  contliiu«>d. 

By  United  SUt«,  broucht  forward 

Paid  MvoiMuke  M-(.'l«aD  (or  laklnB  m  a  d>- 

Pald  BarncT  Cumcy  For  one  ditto,  Jane  Stb.  .. 
Paid  Qeot«e  Daffleld  tor  one  do.  do,  Uib 

P»ia  Gaorsr  Moore  fir  ni»klns  o»rtridBe«  for 
;be  prLsoa^rs  puTd.  ditto,  ..,.,-....,-,,..,-..,. 
P&ld  JoihuB  Wnlikn.i  tor  Uklns  Dp  ■  deserter. 

Ids  mllltla  bftna^e,  Nov.  10:h,  177S 

PiLd  John  C«nipb«1I  (or  two  do,  M  do. 

Paid  Phtllp  Waggoner  hli  payrolL  o(  a  mLlltla 
Kiurd,  Pobruarj' Ud,  11W 

Paid  John  Boyd  (of  hl«  expencw  with  two 
prJ.oner.,  deHrtera  from  Burgoyne's  army, 
September  M,   17W 

tia  to  march,  November  lllh.  in» 

Paid   John   Hay   (or  eight    monlhi   wn(   of   a 

By  Hlllila  Expencta. 
Paid  M  (ubltltuta  hired   In  the  year  ITTS,    to 

judgei  tor  Ihclr  Mrvli:ea  at  appeals,  and  other 
For    hl>    own    MrvlceB    ai    9iib- Lieutenant   M5 

By  unitary  Storei. 
Paid  Andrew  Hertiog  (or  repairing  aims 

Ditto.  do,  for  ditto'  

Ditto    Peter      WIgle      (or  ditto.  

Carried  (drward 


IS  u  g         mm  i« 


108  ACX:OUNTS   OP  LIEUTENANTS. 

Contra  Cr.  continued. 

By  Military  Stores,  brought  forward.   £19  12   0 

Ditto  Michael  Keller  for  SO  bayonet  acabboards 

and  17  belU  delivered  Capt.  Lauman 16   4  0 

Ditto  Matthias  Deter  for  a  gun  and  bayonet 

delivered  ditto 7  10  0 

Ditto  Jacob  Welsham  for  rei>alrlnflr  arms 5   6  3 

Ditto  Andrew  Hertzog  for  ditto 9  17  9 

Ditto  Robert  Rosa  for  hauUn«  ditto 12   0  0 

By  Thomas  Ha^lIl^^ 

I*ald  him  on  account  for  reorultlngr  his  regimen   .    177S 

By  William  Scott,    Esq.  Lieutenant. 

Paid  him  on  acount  of  exercise  fines  received  from      Col. 
Jamison's  battalion 


a0,t60  16   0 


70  10    0 


7r»o   0   0 


848    6    0 


£18.880  11    0 


List  of  Fines  received  by  John  Hay,  Esq. 

Na  1. 
Capt.  HERMAN'S  company. 
First  ol 


Ludwlg  Mole. 
John  Grove,    . 


Second  class. 


15    0    0 
80   0    0 


Brought  forwsrd, 
Peter  Hoke 


888  17    6 
40    0   0 


Seventh  ol 


Michael  Bbert.  . 
Godleib  Rigert,  . 
Qeorge  Sprenkle, 


George  Oyster, 
John  Hoke. 


Rernhard    Holtznhl.^ 30  15    0    Joseph  GrayblU. 

Conrad   Isenhard 15    0   0 

John  Hoger 6    0   0 

Andrew  Hoke 87  10   o  I  S^^P^en  Funfrock 

I  Jacob  Odenwalt 

Third  class.  {  Michael    Low 

Casper  Carver 87  10    0 

Eighth  class. 


87  10 

0 

15    0 

• 

15    0 

0 

40    0 

0 

87  10 

0 

40    0 

0 

6    0 

0 

6    0 

0 

40   0 

• 

Fourth  class. 

Bastian  Wigle 

George  Rothrock 

Henry  Odlngfr 


Fifth  class. 

Martin   WIgle 

Leonard   Wigle , 

AniJr»^w    %\Vir 

Leonard  Leckron. 


15   0    0    John  Odlnger 88  10    0 

80    0    0  '  Detrlck  Roobert 7  10    0 

7  10    0  , 

'  Ciipt.    CurKNllAKFFKR'S  company. 


37  10  0 

80  15  0 

:',  iTi  M 

7  10  0 


Fii-pt  class. 


Michael  Bents 

Philip  Windermyt^r, 


,  ^      _  ««    7    c    George  Humrlchhou?er.    .. 

John  Groy So    7    6 

1<{  15    0    Joh'*  Croll,     


Michael    Emlot 

Sixth  class. 
Peter  Spronkle.   Jun.,    ... 

Carried   over,    


Jacob  Eresman. 
Leonard  Wigle. 
40    0   0    Henry  Cann. 


80  0 
SO  0 
86    5 

7  10 
13  15 
80  0 
80    0 


0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

0 

0 


Carried  over 87?^    7    6 


YORK  COUNTY. 


Brou,h.  forwmid 

Second  clui. 

•IS   T   1 
W13   0 

nis  0 

M   (   • 

Ull   0 
M    l>   0 

HIS  0 

IIG    0 

B  ID   0 
18  16   0 

niv  0 
woo 

40    0    0 

*7    0    0 

17  10    O 

11*    0 
«    «    0 

Btookht  torovrd 

C"P«r  Ko»p.  Jun. 

■0 

It 
u 

n 
n 

M 
37 

t 

Klllui  Ltehtmberrtr 

in 

0»r^  WUmcht,   

Philip  Rudtallly 

SMond  clan. 

■; 

TWrt  elui. 

Pred.rlok  K11n««nan.  ... 
Owwt*  Philip  Uwn 

PMer  Bhulti.  Ubaar«r.  .. 
Fourth  clan. 

( 

Fifth  cU«. 

" 

Fourth  clan. 
Michael  Melhom 

Chrt.lopher  Oranwatt,    .. 

' 

Fifth  claas. 

aOT«nth  clui. 

John  Rote.  ]an 

Gsorg*  Hlchl« 

10 

J»«il>  OotwiUi.   Jun,    .... 

Adam   will 

GwiT*  LIChlFnbtrMr.    ... 
Adam  Llch[mib«r»er 

1« 

P«n-  Long 

iDhii  C^nffiDBn,    ....  

Cpt,  HERBACH'S  CO 

FInrt  otBM. 
CuiW  o«r 

Prler  Elenbertfr ., 

Jacob  8nW^r.   Jun 

Stfphm  Byer,    ,.  ...  

'n 

ACCOUNTS   OP   LIEUTENANTS. 


40    0    « 

UlE    » 

IE  a  o 

10  «  0 
H  «  a 
»  0  0 

lU    » 

1  I  « 

»T10    0 

Utmr  KiDilrich.    . 
MIchul  D.nlsin, 

la«. 

M    0 

t   0 

i;  10 

»-i    0 

3)    0 

M   0 

17  W 
8T10 

tll« 
97M 

MU 

nu 

' 

• 

Philip  Jacob  King 

claas. 

BWhIb 

»» 

Conrad   Slrieh^er. 

0 

ti^ra    an" 

William  Alnsmlrr. 
C.pl.  WALL 

:r 

» 

Secona  cl»«. 

J.^,hn  Grsvl'iuH.    ... 
AbrsAnm   Sr.akhur 

« 

Chrlitlan  Shrool.   . 

Sfcond 
J«oot>  BKMikhart, 
Christ  Ian   Slnart. 
Hwrr  C-ldrMw.    . 

MIchHPl   BliMlndrr 

clam. 

Valentine  Leaphait 

Um. 

MIcDbH   CautTrain 

John  a-TleKn 

J 

Fourth 

.a„ 

MutlhlaB  Ka^rman 

o 

David  Brookhart, 

Connd  BllsalnErr. 
Philip  Shultibach. 

I"!    .. 

rw^rrr^"'" '*■"■ 

Bnucbl  [orwanl. 


John  Herr.    .. 
Jacob  Pim.    . 


YORK   COUNTT. 
.    MM  IS   0  I         Broucbl  f. 


Hury  St  rick) 
Peter  Bf Idler. 
lUnin  Haver 


jKOb   FlOfT 

D*tU  Hellln«er. 
a*«c*   Sballer.    . 


Cupt.  BEATER'S 


y  H»lU«r 

n  Relghinlder.    


Henry 


Peter  ShcbI 

Henry  Rooby,  ,...^.^, 
LorenEx  Henhlur'^*  . 
John  IVlllager 


John  Robert.   . 


ACCOUNTS  OP  LIEUTENANTS, 
'vara S^  ID   C  Broufht  torward. 


Tnd«rIok  nil.  

Jahn  -Weber 


BOO    Henry  Bpancler,  , 

U   D   0    Jacob  Byar 

ltd  I  Cbrlttlui  Bati.    .. 
e   0   0    Jacob  mu 


John  Rote 

Uatthlu   Slevait. 
7  Baraimtr.    . 


Mlobael  Slsler 

Kenry  AlbiiahE 

Cept  FRT'S  company. 


John 
O.orge 

Micha 

S^icbler, 

Prlen. 

1  FJibPl, 
an  Shewe 

n  Johnato 
Jone».    . 

P«« 

Henrj- 

n 

Elfbtb  class. 
Joha  S'.iwan 

I    NIobotal  Dell,    

Ch[X.  FORD-B  eompi 


Third  clUM. 


Oeorre  D«el 

Ca.. 

claea. 

.  NBlhanl«l  LIghlner. 


■      Broudit  torwBnl 

TORK 
H.tt;  I 

K   t   0 

MOO 

u  0  0 

H    r.    0 
»    D    0 

«    0    1 

lany. 

M    0   « 
to   0   0 
MOO 

M    r,   0 
»0    0    0 

am  i  ft 

COUNTY. 

Brourhl  (orwar. 
ChrtMlan  iJODd  a. 

Capt.  LAITMAN-S  oom 

Ian. 

Second  etkB. 

data. 

Bimurl  ruiiar.    

ChrlaHui  Haln<ll«, 
Sevealb 

Abnlum  OKTloiu 

Fourth  clu). 

„... 

aiith  elan. 

Danlet  Pcttrman. 
Omtk  Woolbloh. 

Peier  Imawarar.    . 

S«(Blh  Blua. 

oUi. 

Elchlb  clan. 

Capt.  LONQ- 

Capt.  uoairra  con 

nm  olaaa. 

Bomnpunr. 

Cbrtatlan  BlnoyM, 

wraum  unw 

Jacob  Blttinnr.  .. 

Jnhn  Pelerman 

nutlan   Eric.    -." 

B>1U«  Staanbcrmr.  

!!"...       1 

Thttd  elu*. 

Jacob  8ba»r.  Jun. 

,.,„ 

Mlcbaal  Wambnch 

IM*. 

Poortb  clan. 

Fourth 

a... 

8--7--3d  Ser. 

il4 


ACCOUNTS    OP   LIEUTENANTS. 


Brought  foiward 3537    2    6 


Brought   forward 402 r  U    0 


Aiam  FU-ichbach, 
Jacob    Geasey,     ... 
Michael   Bittlng«r, 
P'rederlck   Fliger, 


Yitth    ClEKS. 


Conrad  Shindler. 
Jacob  Reman,    ... 
Bernard   Kouster, 


Sixth  class. 


Henry  Snell 

Henry  Dome , 

Ludwlck  Waltman.    ... 
John  Bushong 


Seventh  clas9. 


George   Hardline. 
Henry  Fisher,    ... 
Ulrlch   Neft 


3  IS    0    Adam  Guhau,    

3    0    0     George   Stull 

37  10   0  : 
7  10    0 

Fourth  class. 


,  Ambrose  UpJegraff, 

9    7    6;  John  Love 

37  10    0    John  Kunkle 

80    0    0 


Fifth  class. 


18  15    0     James  Love 

6   0   0,  Thomas    Eaton 

7  10  0 : 

19  10    0 

I  Sixth  class. 


;  Simon  Snider, 


6    0   0;  Francis  Worley. 


3    0    0:  Frederick  Oderho'd. 
6    0    0 


37  10    0 
18  15    0 


S7  10  0 
S7  10  0 
37  10    0 


37  10    0 
37  10    • 


40    0    0 

rr  10  0 

11    5    0 


Eighth  class. 


Conrad  Miller 

Martin  Fllnchbach,    .. 

William   Miller 

Felix    Albright 

Adam    Fishel 


Seventh  class. 


18  15 
«  0 
S15 
6  0 
8    6 


Nathan   Updograff. 
William   Kersey,    .. 

John  Wahle 

Jacob  Bamhard.   ... 


Capt.   HAHN'S  company. 


First  claas. 


James  M'Laughlin. 
John   Bear 


Second  class. 


ID    0    0 
80    0    0 


Michael  Doudle.    .. 
Philip  Weltzhlmer. 


37  10    0 
7  10    0 


Third  class. 


An-lr^-w   Welch, 


37  10    0 


Carrie«l    over 4027  15    0 


Eighth  claas. 

Xathl.   Lightner,   Jun.,    .. 

Christopher  Sb.'aley 

William  Welch 


40    0  0 

40    0  0 

11    6  0 

1815  0 


40  0  • 
IS  0  0 
40    0    0 


£4566    5    0 


Received  for  delinquents  fines  for 
non-attendance  on  dasra  of  ezor> 
else  in  Col.  Jamison's  battalion, 
paid  to  William  Scott.  Lieute- 
nant       84S    5    0 


£848    S    0 


Coniptroller-Generars  Office.   ) 
March  22(i.  17S3.  s 


.JOHN  NICHOLSON. 


STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS 


Lieutenants  I  and   Sub-Lieutenants 


WESTMORELAND  COUNTY. 


1777-178;- 


fU6) 


STATE    OP    THE    ACCOUNTS    OF    ARCHIBALD    LOCHRY, 
ESQ.  LATE  LIEUTENANT. 

ArcUbald  Lochry,  qb(1.  LleutenaDt,  Dr.  to  Sundries. 

To  David  Dlttenhouse,  esq.  treasurer     Cont.  mo.  State  mo. 

of  tbe  state, 

RecelT«d  from  blm  by  order  ol  coun- 
cil, Sept.  10,  1777. £1500    0    0 

Do.    do.  Not.   27,  do 500    0    0 

Do.    do.  Dec.    30,  do. 600    0    0 

Do.    per    col.    C.    Haya, 
March  1778.  60    0    0 

Do.    per    Samuel    Sloan, 

June  2d.  1780 lOOOO    0    0 

12650    0    0 

Da.  for  the  recruiting  service  la  atate 
money,  Feb.  12,  1781 260    0    0 

To  the  hen.  Matthew  Smith,  esq. 
Racelved  from  tilm  for  tho  defence  of 
ttae  fronUers,  May  29,  1779. 7B00    0    0 

To  col.  James  Perry,  sub-lieutenant. 
Received   from    him    on   account  of 
fines  received 123    3    0 

To  Chrtstopher  Hays,  esq.  sub  Ueulenant, 
Received  of  him  to  defray  expences 
on  tbe  Indian  expedition 0    0    0        loo    0    o 

To  mlUtla  Flnea. 

Received  from  sundry  delinquents  tor 
substitute  floes,  to  Feb.  1781. 
Note.  There  have  beeo  no  fines  in- 
curred In  the  battalions  of  said 
county  tor  non-attendance  upon 
daye  of  exercise T40    8    o 

To  John  Proctor,  esq.  paymaster. 
Received  of  him  to  pay  the  two  rang- 

iag  companies,  Feb.  8.  17T9,  375    0    0 

Amount - £21288  10    0  350     0    0 

Sundries,  Dr.  to  Archibald  Locbry,  esq.  sub-lieutenant. 

Capt.  Joseph  Irvine, 
Paid  him  by  colonel  Davis,  per  ac- 
count settled 3760    0    0 


0     0 


118 


ACCOUNTS   OF  LIEUTENANTS. 


Sundries,  Dr.  to  Archibald  Lochry,  continued. 


Brought  over, 


Cont.  mo. 
S7&0    0    0 


Capt.  William  Guthrie, 

Advanced  in  July  and  August  1780, 
for  the  recruiting  service  at  sundry 
times  to  himself,  4500  dollars,  his 
subalterns,  viz.  lieutenant  John 
Jameson,  2894  dollars,  and  ensig^n 
John  Forsyth,  1396,  do.  in  all, 


3296    5    0 


State  m< 


Lieut.  John  Cummins,  of  the  ranging 
company. 

Paid  him  for  the  recruiting  service, 
March  10.  1781.  


0    0    0 


112  10 


United  States. 

Paid  capt.  John  Hinkson 
for  paying  his  company 
raised  for  the  defence 
of  the  frontiers.  Oct. 
16.  1777 150    0    0 

Paid  Robert  Rayburn  for 
corn  for  horses  bring- 
ing flour  to  fort  Wal- 
lace for  the  troops, 
Nov.  16.  1777 0  11    3 

William  CaUlweP  for 
do.  dc>.  20.  do 0    5    9 

Abraham  Hendricks  con- 
duct in  j:  prisoners  to 
gen.  Hand.  *c  Sept.  16.  2  15    3 

For  a  blanket  taken  for 
the  continental  service, 
do 4    0    0 

Charles  Forman.  in  part 
tor  provisions,  Oct.  16..        15    0    0 

For  forage  for  the  light 
hv»rse.  Sep:.  1,  do 4    0    0 

Col.  Rarr  for  a  blanket. 
Oo:.  ^.  vlo 4    0    0 

J:^>.::  Hirtkson.  in  ;^ar: 
for  pay  iue  to  his  com- 
pany. .i,v  i:.  jo 1«>?    0    0 

Wx  L-\:>.rv.  for  fon^ 
for  >.:s  ^ors^  :n  :-e  s^r- 
vio^  *o  >    •'*    *** 


•«••«»  « 


WESTMORELAND  COUNTY.  11 

SuDdriee,  Dr.  to  Archibald  Lochry.  cootlcued. 
United  SUtes,  Cost.  mo.  State  mi 

Brousht  over £288  12    3    7046    5    0         112  10 

P(v    carriage    of    stores, 

Sept.  22,  1777 10    0    0 

Samuel  Craig  In  part  (or 

proTliloDs      pure  based 

Oct.  15.  do.  12    0    0 

Ber.    Henry    for    driving 

contl.  cattle,  Nov.  9,  do.         6    0    0 
Daniel  Kerr  for  services 

done    at    Fort     Haod, 

Sept.  1,  do 13    0    0 

Tbamas    ArntBtrong    (or 

carriage  of  provisions, 

do 3    0    0  >» 

George  Moore,  an  express. 

Jan.  22,  1781.   6     5     0 

Robert  Knox  for  carry- 
ing   ammunition,    Jan. 

23,  1778,   47     0     0 

JotiQ  Hinkson,  captain, a 

balance  of  pay  due  bis 

company,  Oct.  24,  do...      135  16    0 
Daniel     M'Clintock     for 

carriage  of  provisions. 

Feb.  9,  do.  6    0    0 

Robert     Knox     for  car- 
riages, Jan.  7,  do 29    5    0 

Do.  for  forage,  do 1    5    0 

John     Kern    eTpress    by 

col.  Broadhead's  order. 

May  10.  1779.  0  18    0 

Thomas  Campbel  expreaa 

to  Philad.  Jan.  1,  dc-....        25    0    0 
Wm.  Rolslon,  express  to 

col.    Broad  head,    April 

15,  1780 11    5    0 

Capt.  Wm.  Liocbry  of  the 

light  horse  for  forage, 

OcL.  25,  1777.  35  14    2 

Robert  Barr  In  part  for 

provJstons  (or  the  mili- 
tia, Jan.  15,  1778 200    0    0 

831     0    5 


Carried  over, 


120  ACCOUNTS  OF  LIEUTENANTS. 

Sundries,  Dr.  to  Archibald  Lochry,  continued. 

Cont.  mo.  State  mo. 

Brought  over, 7877    5    5         112  10    0 

John  Palmer, 

Paid  him  on  account  of  provisions 
for  Palmer's  fort,  1778,  100    0    0 

Daniel  M'Clintock, 

Paid  him  to  purchase  provisions, 
1777,  £50,  and  1778.  £200,  250    0    0 

James  Pollock,  esq.  sub  lieutenant. 

Paid  him  at  sundry  times  in  1777,  on 
account,   :..        28    0    0 

Thomas  Galbraith,  esq.  of  Westmoreland, 

Paid  James  Pollock  for  a  like  sum 
he  paid  T.  Ofelbraith,  received  Oct. 
1777,  for  carrying  on  the  public 
works  at  Ligonier,  72    0    0 

Col.  Christopher  Hays,  sub  lieutenant. 

Paid    him    by    David    Rittenhouse, 
April  1778 50    0    0 

Military  Stores. 

Paid  sundry  persons  at  sundry  times 
for  74  rifles,  6  muskeis,  and  for 
repairing  and  transportation  of 
arms,    1349  10    8 

Militia  Expences, 

Paid  for  clerks  wages  to 
March  1780,  substitutes 
hired  to  serve  in  the 
militia,  expences  of  ap- 
peals, expresses,  officers 
of  militia  for  services, 
in  their  companies,  al- 
moners, and  other  con- 
tingent expences,  allow- 
ed by  the  auditors 6782    4    4 

For  his  own  services  as 
lieutf^nant  from  fith 
April  1777,  to  20th 
March    1780,    employed 

TGo  days 1932  15    0 

S714  19     4 

Paid  Christopher  Hays. 
esq.  snb-lieutenant, 
from  7th  April  1780,  to 

Carried £18441  15    0  112  10    0 


WESTMORELAND  COUNTY. 


SuDdriea,  Dr.  to  Archibald  Lochry,  continued. 


SdlUtla  Expencee,  Bro't  ov. 

to  22i1  Feb.  1781,  em- 
ployed 11  days  &t  12  B  6, 
state  moaey,  10  IS 

F&ld  capt.  James  Clarke 
tor  hla  serYlceBwarnlng 
clasaea  .attending  courts 
of  appeal,  Ac.  &c 20    0 

Allowed  for  his  pay  as 
lieutenant,  from  March 
20,  ITSO,  to  March  20, 
1781,    106  17 


Balance  due  by  col,  Loehry 2846  15    0 


Dr.  The  Eatato  of  Archibald  Lochry,  esq.  late  Lleute 


To  £2471  15  0.  received  at  the  value  of  mo- 
ney by  the  scale  of  depreciation,  In  June  17S0 
when   the  last  payment  was    made  bJm  61^  Specie. 

and  375  at  10  tor  I,  received  in  Feb.  1770, 77  13     ! 

To  an  error  noted  in  the  above  accounts;  aa  set- 
tled by  the  late  auditors  of  accounts,  wherein 
col.  Lochry  has  credit  for  72  1.  paid  by  him  to 
jamca  Pollock,  per  receipt,  Oct.  1777,  to  re- 
imburse him  that  sum  paid  to  Thomas  Gal- 
breath,  anil  also  credit  for  that  sum  again 
Touched  by  said  Galhraiih's  receipt  to  Pollock, 
which  he  became  possessed  of,  when  said  Pol- 
lock was  reimbursed  as  above,  £72,  at  3  (or  1. 
and  sundry  other  errors,  per  aci^ount 34  30     I 

For  an  error  In  settlement  of  his  accounts  report- 
ed to  the  General  Assembly.  Feb.  18,  1783,  be- 
ing tor  301.  Paid  by  John  M.  Nesbit,  to  John 
KerUn  of  Cheater  county,  reimbursing  him  for 
a  like  sum  bo  paid  Archibald  Lochry,  In  Feb. 
1777,  at  1% 20    0    < 


A.    Lochry.    100 1.    state 


122 


ACCOUNTS  OF  LIEUTENANTS. 


STATE  OP  ACCOUNTS  OF  EDWARD  COOK,  ESQ.  LATE  A 
SUB-LIEUTENANT,  AND  NOW  LIEUTENANT  OF 
WESTMORELAND  COUNTY. 


Edward  Cook,  esq.  Dr. 

Cont.  mo. 
To  Sundries, 

To  David  Rittenhouse,  esq.  treasurer. 
Received  per  order  of  council,  per 
col.  Christopher  Hays,  for  recruit- 
ing a  company  of  rangers,  Feb.  7, 
1782,    0    0    0 

To  Militia  Fines. 

Received  from  sundry 
persons  substitute  fines 
in  1777  and  1778 170    0    0 

For  a  balance  due  to  said 
Cook,  reduced  to  £1  2, 
specie,  66    0    0 

236    0    0 

Received     from     sundry 

persons  of  the  second 
battalion,  fines  for  non- 
performance of  militia 
duty,  between  May  1780 
and  April  1783.  Vide 
list.  No.  1, 65    0    0 

For  fines  incurred  in  said 
battalion  within  the 
aforesaid  time,  said  to 
be  yet  unpaid  and  out- 
standing,           38  12    6 

0    0    0 

Balance  due  to  col.  Cook,  

£236    0    0 


State  mo. 


250    0    0 


0    0    0 


103  12    6 
146    4    6 

499  17     0 


Sundries,  Dr.  to  Edward  Cook,  esq. 

John    Cummins,    lieutenant    of    the 

company  of  Westmoreland  rangers. 

Paid  him   for  the  recruiting  service. 


WESTMORELAND  COONTT. 

Suadriea,  Dr.  to  Edward  Cook,  esq 


July  11.  1782 

Wm.  Cooper,  ensign  of  the  company 

of  Weotmoreiaad  rangara, 
Paid    him   at  sundry   times  Cor   tbe 

racruiUng    service,  between     Mar. 

and  Nov.  1782,   


United  States, 

Paid  Mr.  Coctiran  for  bis 

Ber  vices     carrying     up 

money    to    recruit    the 

ranging  company,  Feb, 

1782 3     0     0 

For  provisions  delivered 

capt.    Stohely,    for    the 

use  oC  his  company,  ...  1    E  10 

Samuel    Flnley,    (or    the 

carriage     of     clotting 

for  the  ranging  com- 
pany          10     7     6 

Hugh    Goudy    ensign    of 

militia,  for  one  months 

service 7  10    0 

A  number  of  persons  kept 

out  as  spies  on  thefron- 

tiers  to  give  notice  of 

the  enemy.   67  10     0 

Robert  Barr,  Joseph  Ster- 

ret,  and  Wm.  Cunning- 
bam,    (or    services    at 

sundry  times  ordering 

out  the  mllltla 8  12    S 

Richard    Wallace    (or    a 

horse  taken  In  actual 

service,  by  the  enemy,.       18    0    0 


Militia  Expences, 

Paid  sundry  persons  ex- 
pences  holding  appeals 
warning  mllilla.  and 
other  contingent  char- 


I'H  AC(.'i.il"NTH    Ul'-    l.ltiL'TKXANTS, 

Sundries,  Dr.  to  ^dwAi-d  Cook,  eaq.  coiitln 

Cont.  Mo, 
UlUUaExDencee.Bro'tOTer.  114    5    0         U    0    0 

1777,    to    March    1780, 

employed  6i  ilays,  121  15    0 

-s 236    0    II 

Paid  Benjamin  Davis  and 

JoBepb         M'Sarraugb, 

eeqa.  For  iheir  ^ervlcea 

at  appeuls 12    5    0 

For  blB  own  services  as 

Hub  lieutenant,  and  af- 
terwards as  lieulenaot, 

(roro   May   1780,   lo   1st 

April     1783.     employed 

386  days I9B  18     S 

0     0    0 

unitia  Fines, 

For  the  balance  due  by  tbe  state  In 
continental  money,  reduced  to 
Bpede,    


WESTMORELAND  COUNTY. 


James  Perry,  eeq.  Sub  Lieutenant,  Dr. 

To  Militia  FLnes. 

Cont.  Mo. 
For  flues  Incurred  by  sundry  p«-sons  for  non-per- 
formance of  mllltla  duty,  In   the  years  1TT7, 
1778.  1779.  and  1780 546     6     t 


Sundries,  Dr.  to  James  Perry,  esq.  late  a  Bub  Lieutenant. 
Col.  Archibald  Locbry,  late  lieutenant, 


Fkld  blm  out  of  fines  received  In  1779,. . 
Hllltia  Bipences. 

Pftld  sundry  expresses,  substitutes. 
Judges  of  appeals  for  Ihelr  services, 
and  other  contingent  charges,  

For  his  own  services  as  sub  lieuten- 
ant, until  he  ceased  to  act,  from 
June  17TT,  to  Hay  1731,  employed 
111  day 


126  ACCOUNTS   OF  LIEUTENANTS. 


STATE  OF  ACCOUNTS  OF  JAME^S  POLLOCK,   ESQ.  LATE 
SUB  LIEIUTENANT  OF  WESTMORELAND  COUNTY. 

James  Pollock,  esq.  Dr. 

To  Archibald   Lochry,  esq.   lieutenant  of  West- 
moreland county. 

Received  of  him  at  sundry  times  on  account, 2S    0    0 

Balance  due  by  the  state,  equal  to  £15    12    6, 
specie,  46  17    G 


74  17    e 


Sundries,  Dr.  to  James  Pollock,  esq. 
United  States, 

Paid  Robert  Carlisle,  7  s  6,  Evan 
Jones,  5s,  John  Hannah  5s.  Nicho- 
las Cripple,  2s  6,  James  Moore,  20s. 
Robert  Curry,  20s.  and  William 
Logan,  10s  for  his  services  as  ex- 
presses,      3  10    0 

Paid  capt.  Martin  for  hire  of  3  men 
opening  a  road  for  continental  wag- 
gons, hauling  ammunition  and 
stores  to  col.  Mounts's,  per  receipt,.  12    6 


4  12    e 


Military  Stores, 
Paid  for  repairing  arms  for  the  militia 0  15    S 

Militia  Expences, 

Paid  sundries  for  taking  in  returns  of 
the  militia 5  10    0 

Paid  substitutes  to  serve  in  the  mili- 
tia   6    0    0 

For  his  own  services  as  sub  lieuten- 
ant, employed  58  days,  from  April 

1777,  to  May  1778,  at  20s 58    0    0 

69  10    0 

74  17    e 


WESTMORELAND  COUNTY. 


William  Cochran,  esq.  Lieutenant,  Dr. 
To  Militia  FlneB, 


Contra,  Cr. 
By  Militia  Ezpences, 

For  Ills  servlceB  a^  sublieutenant,  em- 
plored  4  days,  

Paid  aundry  persons  tor  their  services 
as  Judges  at  courts  ot  appeal,  per 


STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS  OF  CHRISTOPHER  HAYS.  ESQ. 
SUB  UBUTBNANT. 

Tlie  lion.  Christopher  Hays,  esq.  Dr.  to  Sundries. 

Cant.   mo.  flial*  mo.  Speclt. 

David    RttteobouM.    mq. 

Becelvcd  from  him  by  ordfr 
of    Cba    ■ndlton,    the    bal- 

Aprii  nn 4K  a  «  n  0  0  ana 

ber.AprI]  15.1TS1.       tt   D   0 

of    tti*  (roBt;«n. 

H^y  t.  do. MM   0   0 

TM.  bcInK  the  rul- 

Carried tWOO  UGtt  000  1)00 


12» 


ACCOUNTS    OP  LIEUTENANTS. 


Christopher  Hays,  Esq.  Dr.  to  Sundries,  Continued. 

BrcUffht   over,.    S2C0    0    0 


Cont.    mo. 
435    2    6 


State    mo. 
0   0   0 


berson  by  him. 
which  they  do  not 
acknowledge  to 
have  received  of 
him.  May  3.1781. 
Received  by  orderof 
council,  a  balance. 
Oct.  14.  178S 


28    8    3 


41  It    6 


Do.  to  pay  for  trans- 
porting arms  and 
ammunition  from 
Philadelphia  to 
Conocdcheague, 
for  the  defence  of 
Bedford.  West- 
moreland &  Wash- 
ington counties, 
March  9,  1782,    ..       18  15    0 

I  JO.  per  John  Ui'msby 
f or  furnUhlnr  pro- 
visions for  running 
the  line  with  Vir- 
ginia, April  22...      150    0    0 

By  orders  of  council, 
being  balances  due 
April  14.  1789.  £50 
1»       10.       specie. 
£143    7    9,    do.    ..      194    7    7 


0    0    0 


827    2    9 


0    0    0 


U    0    0 


To  Archbald  Lochry,  esq.  lieutenant. 


Received  of  David  Rit- 
tenhouse,  esq.  which 
was  charged  to  his  ac- 
account,  April  1778 

Militia  Fines, 

Received  from  sundry 
persons  their  fines  in- 
curred for  non  perfor- 
mance of  militia  duty, 
per  list,    

Do.  the  fine  of  Thomas 
Jones  for  do.  201.  conti- 
nental money,  equal  to 
(1781) 


50    0    0 


237 


Specie. 
0    0   0 


0    0    0 


363    2    7 


0    2    3 


722  10     0     3270     2     9 


363    4  10 


WBaTMOREL.AND  COUNTY.  ] 

SundrlM,  Dr.  to  Cbrlstopber  Hays,  esq.  Bub-lleutenaat. 
Contingent  expences  ot  Oovernment,  for  17S2. 

Cont.    mo.  Htala    mo.  Bpecli 

tr  hl«  account  of  provlsl' 
mi.  latwunn,  uul  otbcr 
ixpcDCH.  numlns  th*  tem- 

poniry    iJnE    t»lw«n    thl* 

■Utt  ud  Vlrtlnla 0   0    0  0   0    C  tOO  .: 


MlllUry  Storeg. 
Paid    BuoflrTpsraomtor 


Hllltl*  Exi>rne». 

Fatd  tor  lubmltatn  to  xerve 
In  tbc  mllltlft,  fipimK^ 
on  public  busincu,  Saagft 


For  I 


ITTU 


Paid    eipn-sm    aad    i 


130  ACCOUNTS   uF   LIKUTENAXTb. 

Sundries.  Dr.  to  Christopher  Hays,  contlnrtJi. 

Com.    mv...  Sta'e    nio.  Specie. 

Mllithi  Kxpc-ncts.   Hrgt  over,  4^  10    0  luU  13    6  tit    9    0 

18th   June   1781.    to  the  Ut 

April    1783.     employed    161 

days  per  account 000  14  1C0  69150 

Balance  due  to  the  state  on 

the      foregoing     accounta. 

Note.  Col.  Hays  hath  pro- 
duced anomberof  \ouchen 

and  accounts  for  dlsburM- 

menta.  In  discharge  of  this 

balance ;  but  they  need  some 

furthi-r  explanation.   0    0    0  8103  13    3  0    0    0 


Amount £722  10    0  3270    2    9  163    4  10 


List.  Of  Fines  Received  by  Christoplier  Hays,  Esq. 

• 

Robert  Brown 10  0          nrought  over 74  17  6 

Anthony  Roilance 10    2  6  ,  Will   Haye   for   rinley   M'- 

Bcnjamln  Gilbert 10    2  6       Grew 40  0  0 

John  Decamp 2   0  0    Ho.  for  P.  Studabaker 11  5  • 

Simon  M'Grew 10    2  «    Do.  for  Tho.  White U  5  0 

Moms  Blackburn 10    2  6    Do.  f.>r  B.  Gilberts 40  0  0 

Matthew  Fowler 10    2  6    IVtor  Vagloy SO  0  0 

Joseph  Blackburn 10    2  6  ;  Peter  Studabaker 20  0  0 

Jos.   Blackburn.   Jun 10   2  «    J'»hn  Irwin 20  0  0 

I  

Carried, 74  17  6  .  217  7  6 


WESTMORELAND  COUNTT.  ISl 

STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS  OF  ALEXANDER  M'CLEAN. 
EBQ.  SUB  LIEUTENANT. 
Alesandei'  M'Clean,  esq.  Dr. 
To  Militia  Fines. 

Received    of  Jolm   Moore,    1" 

Finler;  IGs.  tbeir  fines  Id 

pany 

Balance  due  to  col.  M'Clean, 


Br  MlUtia  Expences. 

For  bla  own  services  as  sub  lieutenant  between 
May  and  Sept.  17S2,  and  tor  cash  assumed  to 
pay  Judges  ot  appeals  for  their  services,  and 
other  contingent  charges,   


dTATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS  OF  CHARLES  CAMPBELL,  ESQ. 
SUB- LIEUTENANT. 

Charles  Campbell,  esq.  Sub-Lieutenant,  Dr. 

To  Sundries,  Cont.  Ho.  Specie. 

The  state  Massachusetts  Bay, 

Received  from  the  government  there- 
of, on  bis  way  borne  from  captivity 
for  the  purpose  ot  relieving  hla  dis- 
tresses, three  hundred  dollars.  Oct. 
16.  177§ 112  10    0 

Militia  Fines. 

Received  of  Matthew  Jack,  esq.  she- 
riff, far  Charles  Flscus.  a  fine  for 
embezling  a  aet  of  colours  belong- 
ing to  the  mllltla 30    0    0 

Balance  dne  to  col.  Campbel,  equal  to 

£109  17  specie 329    5    0  0    2     « 


1441  15 


132  ACCOUNTS   OF  LIEUTENANTS. 

Sundries,  Dr.  to  Charles  Campbell,  esq. 

Cont.  Mo.  Specie. 

United  States, 

For  his  pay  while  a  prisoner,  from 
the  25th  Sept.  1777.  to  16th  Nov. 
1778,  416  days,  at  20s.  and  12  days 
returning,    428    0    0 

Militia  Expences, 

Paid  for  taking  returns 
of  2  townships,  per  re- 
ceipt   2    2  10 

For  his  pay  as  sub  lieu- 
tenant,   from    April    to 

Sept.  1777,  11    5    0 

13  15    0 

Do.  from  Nov.  1778,  to 
April  1783 7  10    0 

Paid  officers  for  services 
in  their  companies  and 
batalions.  justices  and 
freeholders  for  their 
services  at  appeals,  and 

expresses 22  12    0 

0    0    0  30    2    0 


Examined  and  settled, 


Comptrolier  General's  Office.  > 
Philadelphia.  Sept.  16,  1783.   ) 


441  15    0  30    2    0 


JOHN  NICHOLSON. 


STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS 


Edward  Cook,  Esquire, 

LIEUTENANT 


WESTMORELAND  COUNTY. 


1783-1784. 


STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS  OF  EDWAHD  COOK.  ESQUIRE, 
LIEUTENANT  OF  "WESTMORELAND  COUNTT,  FROM  13T 
APRIL,  1783.  TO  THE  1ST  JUNE,  1784. 

Edward  Cook,  esijuire.  Dr. 
To  militia  Flnea. 
Received  trom  sundry  persooB,  their  flnea.  per  Specie. 

Hat,  amounting  to £B1  12    6 

Balance  due  by  the  state, 2S7    d    6 

359    2    0 
Contra  Cr. 

Balance  due  April  1st,  17S3 148    4    G 

MUltla  Fines, 
Forsundrr  fines  not  received, chargedin  Ust  acct.  38  12    6 

United  States, 

Paid  Joeepb  Robeson,  lor  a  rifle  gun 
lost  on  Locbrr  expedition,  Oct.  11, 
1783 7  10    0 

The    brother    of    Michael  Campbell, 

for  B  horse,  a  gun,  and  sword,  do.,       6S  10    0 

Samuel  Craig,  lor  a  gun,  do 0    0    0 

James  Dunsbeath,  tor  a  horse,  saddle 
and  bridle,  and  tomahawk,  do.  Ju- 
ly 1,  1783 18  IB    0 

Uajor  Samuel  Wilson,  for  a  horse  lost 
iu  actual  service,  at  taking  of  Han- 
na's  Town,  do 35    0    0 

John    Ormsby,    tor    terrylng    mllltla 

over  the  Honongahela  May  1,  1784,  1  15    0 

— 122  10    0 

Military  Stores, 

Paid  for  carriage  of  lead,  and  repairing  arma.  . .  8  17    6 

Militia  Eipsncea. 

Paid  Isaac  Vertress,  tor  his  services, 
aa  express 2    5    0 

For  bis  pay,  aa  lieutenant,  from  the 
1st  April,  1783,  to  tbe  let  of  June, 
1784,  employed  65  days,  at  121  C.  . .        40  12    e 

42  17     6 


136 


ACCOUNTS   OP  LIEUTENANTS. 


List  of  Fines  received  by  Colonel  Edward  Cook. 


First  Battalion. 
Capt.  WOODROW'S  Company. 

6   5   0 


John  Buck 

Jonathan   Cooper, 


Ti    5    0 


Third  Battalion. 
Capt.   STEWART'S  Company. 


David  Parkhlll. 

John  Boyd 

John  Mentor,    . 


5    6   0 

5    5    0 
5    6   0 


Capt.  MITCHELL'S  Company. 


John   Blackburn,    . 

James  Clarke 

John  Kelly 

Daniel  Cossady,    .. 
Barth.   Fitzgerald, 


5  6  0 

5  5  0 

6  5  0 
6  6  0 
5  5  0 


First  Battalion. 

Capt.  M'CLELLAND'S  Co. 

John  Nichols,  Jun 5    6   0 


Carried 167  15    0 


Brought  over. 


67  16    0 


Second  Battalion. 

Capt.  ALLEN'S  Company. 

Joshua  Jenkins 5    6    0 


Capt.  LINN'S  Company. 


Joshua  Dicksnn, 
John  Scantling:, 
John   Miller.    ... 
John    r.   «v»ny. 
George  Smith.    . 


6    5  0 

10  0 

10  0 

1     0  0 

5    5  0 


Capt  VAXMETER'S  Company. 
Mo.<5eB  Thompson 6    5    0 


Capt.  MORTEN'S  Company. 


James  M'Oachen. 
Ephralm  Stanford, 


3    7    6 
3    7    6 


('apt.    .STKRIirOTTS   Comiwiny. 


John  Eptiirgref'8. 
Minor  Esturgess, 
Joshua  Martin,    . 


lU  6 
0  6  0 
0   5    0 


mia  f 


Examined  and  settled, 

JOHN  NICHOLSON. 
Comptroller-General's  Office,  May  31,  1784. 


STATIi  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS 


SUB-LIEUTENANTS 


WASHINGTON  COUNTY. 


1781-1783. 


(188) 


STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS  OF  JAMES  MARSHALL,  ESQ. 
LIEUTENANT  OP  WASHINGTON  COUNTY. 

James  MBrsball,  esq.  Dr.  to  Sundries. 

David  RlCtenbouse,  esq.  treasurer, 

Received  from  him  by  order  at  the  auditors  ol 
accounts,  Cbe  amount  of  his  account  tor  his  ser- 
vices and  ejtpences,  settled  by  them,  Dec.  21, 
1781 £13110    0 


Militia  Fines, 

Incurred  by  sundry  persons  for  non  performance 
of  mllltla  duty,  between  March  ITSl,  and  Ist  of 
April  1783,  viz.  the  seconii  battalion  for  the 
whole  time  aforesaldithe third  and  fourth  from 
the  commencement  to  the  1st  of  Oct.  1TS2;  and 
the  Sth  from  the  said  commencement  to  the  Ist 
Of  April  1782;  of  which  the  sum  of  £81  14  8, 
baa  been  received  agreeable  to  list,  No,  1,  the 
remainder  £238  4,  is  represented  to  be  yet  out- 
etandlDg 

Balance  due  by  the  state 


Sundries,  Dr.  to  James  Marshall,  eaq. 
Militia  Eipeoces, 

For  sundry  contingent  c>iarges,  such 
as  stationary,  members  for  atten- 
dance at  courts  of  appeal.  &c 21    5    0 

Paid  sundry  eipresBes  sent  with  or- 
ders to  the  sub  lieutenants,  and  ot- 
Ocers  of  militia  upon  several  occa- 
sions, tor  clerk  hire,  members  tor 
their  services  at  appeals,  and  other 
contingent  charges 117  15     6 

For  his  own  services,  as  lieutenant 
of  the  county,  from  the  ISth  April 
1T81.  to  26th  March  1783,  emplov- 
ed  511  days,  at  15s.  per  day 383    5    0 

Carried 

(139) 


140  ACCOUNTS   OF   LIEUTENANTS. 

Sundries,  Dr.  to  James  Marshall,  esq. 

Brought  over,  622    5    6 

Military  Stores, 

Paid  sundry  persons  for  the  carriage  of  arms  and 
accoutrements,  &c.  per  acount,  41  18    6 

United  States, 

Paid  Daniel  M'Geehan,  express  to 
gen.  Irvine  at  Pittsburg,  Jan.  1782.  0  12    0 

Do.  do.  June   14,  do.  0  12    0 

Do.  for  warning  the  classes,  do.  10,do.  0  18    0 

Thomas  Nichols,  for  his  services  as 
pilot  to  the  volunteers  againsL  the 
Sanduskies,  do.  28 9    0    0 

John  Slover  and  Jonathan  Zanes  for 
do.     do 18    0    0 

Abner  Wilson  for  warning  the  classes 

to  duty,  do 1    4    0 

William  Douaohy  for  do.  July  8,  do.  0  12    0 

John  Donachy  for  medicine  and  at- 
tendance upon  wounded  militia 
men  do.  17.th  do.,   2    5    0 

Henry  Moore,  for  do.  Nov.  5 3    0    0 

Ferriages  and  expences  waiting  on 
the  commandant  at  Pittsburgh,  in 
order  to  consult  measures  for  the 

safety  of  the  frontiers 7  10    0 

43  13     0 


607  17    0 


LIST  OF  FINES  RECEIVED   BY  JAMES  MARSHALL.  ESQ. 

Jo8<*ph  Weilfl 10  10    0  1        Brought  over,   £GS  10  0 

Valentine  Kinder 10  10    0  :  Martin  M'Kean 6    R  0 

John  Jenkinson 5    5    OjR(zin   Pumphrey.    6   0  0 

iRaac  Jenkinson 5    5    0  !  George  Vlnemon 1  IS  0 

Abraham   Smith 5    5    0    William   MOraw 1 17  0 

.loiiii     >l   Kntit»- .'    .'  « 

John  Lane.   8   5  6 


William  Wilson 3    5    0 

James   Toung 5    5    0 


Joseph  M'Dermitt,    5    5    0 


C.irrW'.l £.'2  10    0 


Panlel  Jacobs 117    8 


Amount 81 14    8 


IINUTON  COUNTY. 


Of  the  £238    4.  specie  with  which  col.  Marahall's 

cbarged  at  last  settlement  being  outstanding  Ones,  he  does 
not  represent,  that  any  part  hath  since  been  collected. 


Sundries,  Dr.  to  James  Marshall,  esq. 

Balance  due  at  settlement  of  26th  March  1TS3.  set- 
ter charging  to  bis  account.  £23S  4  0  specie 
Ones,  said  to  be  outstanding,  


United  States. 

Paid  sundry  persons  employed  as 
spies  on  the  frontiers  to  watch  the 
approach  of  the  enemy,  tor  their 
services,  per  account,  April  to 
Sept.   1783 303  13     i 

Paid  the  asslgneeof  William  West. for 
a  black  mare  taken  for  the  use  of 
the  spies,  and  unavoidably  lost, 
appraised.  May  31,  1783 8  10 

Alexander  Wells.  lor  C?4  cwt.  of 
flour,  issued  to  mllltla,  do.  17 4  13 

Robert  Marshall,  for  a  saddle,  bri- 
dle, and  2  bags  for  the  use  of  the 
spies,  April  29,  do 4  10 


Military  Stores. 


Mllltla  Kxpenrcs. 

Paid  for  stationary,  and  to  expresses. 

Paid  tor   his  services  as   lieutenant. 

from  2eth  March  to  27ih  Oct.  1783. 

employed  2  days  at  las.  &  49  days 

St  12a  S 


Amount  due. 


142  ACCOUNTS   OF  LIEUTENANTS. 


STATE  OF  THE   ACCOUNTS   OP  JAMES  ALLISON,   LATE 
SUB  LIEUTENANT  OF  WASHINGTON  COUNTY. 


James  Allison,  Dr. 
To  Militia  Fines, 

Received  of  John  Swan,  a  fine  due  by  him,  being 
all  the  fines  incurred  from  the  commencement  to 
the  end  of  his  appointment,  in  the  3d  battalion,  5    5    0. 

Balance,    8    2    6 

13    7    6 
Sundries,  Dr.  to  James  Allison,  esq.  Sub-Lieutenant, 

United  States, 

Paid  sundry  persons  for  summoning  ofllcers  to 
rendezvous  at  certain  places,  in  order  to  march 
against  the  Sanduskies,  2    2    0 

Militia  Expences, 

Paid  Henry  Taylor  and  Alexander 
Edie,  10s  each,  for  their  services 
at  appeals,  William  Ledlie  for 
clerking  one  day,.  10s.  f»nd  8s.  for  2 
quires  of  paper 1  18    0 

For  his  services  as  sub  lieutenant, 
from  9th  July  1782,  to  the  Ist  of 

April  1783,   •      9    7    6 

11    5    6 

13    7    6 


WASHINGTON  COUNTY. 


Militia  Gzpences,  Dr.  to  Matthew  Ritchie,  esq.  sub  lieutenant, 

For  hla  services  as  sub  lieutenantfrom  the  time  of 
bis  appointment,  to  the  Ist  April  IT83,  employ- 
ed 23  days  at  128  6, 14    7    6 


Note,  the  amount  of  floes  Incirred,  per  the  accounts  ot  col. 
Ritchie,  Is  £73  10,  specie,  ol  whlcU  Le  represents  that  no 
part  hath  been  paid. 


William  Parlcer,  esq.  Dr. 

To  Hilltla  Fines, 

Received  (rom  the  following  pereona  of  the  Gth 
battalion,  their  fines  tor  non  porformance  of 
mititla  duty.  tIz.  Alex.  Macltentlre,  £1  18  6, 
David  Johnson.  £2  9,  Antta.  Speck,  £1  16, 
John  Huffman,  £5  5,  and  from  capt.  James 
Hopkins,  In  coneequence  ot  a  Judgment  of  a 
court  martial,  £*  10.   

Balance  due  to  col.  Parker,  


By  United  States. 


144  ACCOUNTS   OF  LIEUTENANTS. 

Sundries,  Dr.  to  William  Parker,  esq. 
Brought  over,   £25  15     0 

Militia  Expences, 

Paid  and  assumed  to  pay  for  clerk 
hire,  members  for  their  services  at 
courts  of  appeal,  stationary,  and 
expresses,   20  14    6 

For  his  own  services  during  his  ap- 
pointment, as  sub  lieutenant,  em- 
employed  64  days,  at  12s  6,  40    0    0 

60  14    6 


S6    9     6 


Note,  The  fines  incurred  in  col.  Parker*s  district,  5th  battalion, 
to  the  1st  April  1783,  which  are  yet  unpaid,  amount  to 
£697  11,  specie. 

The  Accounts  of  Wm.  M'Cleary,  esq.  Sub  Lieutenant  of  Wash- 
ington county,  have  not  been  yet  rendered  for  settlement. 

Examined  and  settled, 

JOHN  NICHOLSON. 

Comptroller  Generarg  Ofllce,  April  5,  1784. 


STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS 


John  Gloninger,  Esquire, 


LIEUTENANT 


DAUPHIN  COUNTY. 


1785-1788. 


a46) 


Q. 

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0-     OQQO      ^po 


148 


ACCOUNTS   OF  LIEUTENANTS. 


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3o       ^25      c    -g      ^ 


^  I  11    I  ii 


£.- 


£  »3    « 


ACCOUNTS    OP    LIEUTEXANTS. 


LIST  ot  FINBS  received  uC  the  several  Battalions  ot  Dauphin 
County. 


Col.  lOHS  RODGER'S 


wu 

»m    RquBh 

Capt,  JAUBS  WIL.SON'S 


.  BRADUcr-s  I 


AJKmH.mmwl»r 

Davl 

Bronil 

A  lira 

J»onh 

"" - 

tlHJ 

'^'"'"^'   ■■; 

C-hr 

stinn  Wln«prt.    

P.t 

rWalm«-.   )u= 

J»». 

Pi-  B««l"^ 

.. 

.    ROBERT   M'CALLEN'S  Com- 


DAUPHIN   COUNTV. 

Bro.  forw.   £111  U   C 

Opt.    ROBERT  ITCALT.EN-S  eom- 

Htim  Btrlor. 


Abaham  Weltmora, 


;«pt.  MICH.  HOLDERBAtJira  ci 

John  Albr«(bt i 


JoliD  Pncht 

J  Sbty 

lUchkrl   KMttrlDC.    . 

John  Hay - 

JoMph  Fol«mte 

AsOnum  BnnalcKr. 
tamnly  Henrr 

Ihnl>l   Longii«ckcr,   . 


John   NoOker 

ChrtRlu  KiS.    

Falar  GrcbUil 

n  SniMibustr.    ... 
'    John  ShBlImbcrtw,   , 


icob  Bllfubcrccr.  ] 
hrlatlu  Bycr 


n  MBTtr, 


n  Ciraer. 


e  C»pl.  JOHN  ORTH'S  coropsny 


JOHN  GLONlNfl 


L>hn  Burckbold«r, 


ACCOUNTS    OP   LIEUTENANTS. 


Cu>t.   PBTER  BMBUINOER'S  e 


forty. 


Rudy  Behm, 

Jifob  Sander.   9*n.. 

Hrnry  Dohnar 

John  Swhor      


Ubn] 


.braham  Kmll, 


Henry  Torty 

HarUn  HtUey,    ... 
Michael  Olosrlch,    . 


Uatiblas  Crslt. 
Htchai.'I  Heltey, 

.Ii.dri  UsM. 


-apt.    JACOB   MEIt£T'8   Comiany. 

rohn  KunckW t   n   0 

ilartin  Shaey t    t   0 

:.udwLck  Shu«y •   g    V 

tight, *1»    0 


Chrlml 


brahsm  airohm.  . 


DAUPHIN   COUNTY 


153 


Bro.    forw £733  15    0 


Capt    JACOB    MEILET'S   company, 
continued. 


John  Groh 6 

Jacob   Neycomraer,    8 

Christian   Zerlng 6 

Adam  Bender 8 

Christian   Wolflf 6 

Christian  Breghblel 6 

John  Lentx 1 

Samuel  Hunsriclcer 6 

Jacob  Fawber 3 

Christian  Hunsricker 6 

Christian   StettTer,    3 

Jonas  Rudy 6 

John  Light 6 

Christian    Lentz 2 

Jacob  Oberholtzer 5 

Ubrlck   Krall B 

Philip   Weller '..  5 

Peter  Pots 1 

Casper  Shirk.  Jun 1 

John  Kohr.   Jun 1 

Christian    Uberholtzer :^ 

Abraham  Lentz 1 

John  Holdiman 6 

David   Peffley,    Jun 0 

Peter  Smith,  Jun 3 

Jacob  I*efflcy,    3 

Peter  Groh 1 

Jacob   Glrst 2 

Jacob  Gunckle 2 

Daniel  Beshoar 4 

Joseph  Bigsler 3 


0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

e 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Capt    MATTHIAS    HENING'S    com- 
pany. 

William  Rough 6    0  0 

John   Fawber 4    0  0 

Henry  Light 6    0  0 

John  Beshore -....  6    0  0 

Killian    Long 3    0  0 

John    Brubaclcer 6    0  0 

Joseph  Kneagy.   Sen 6    0  0 


Bro.  torw.  £885  15    0 


Capt.    MATTHIAS   HENING'S   com- 
pany,   cont. 

Honosly  Wlngert,    6    0    0 

Tobias  Lehman 4    0    0 

Henry  Dups 6    0    0 

Jacob  Brand 6    0    0 

rbrey  Kneagy 6    0    0 

Dewalt   Gerst 3    0    0 

Christian   KauflCman 6    0    0 

Dietrlck   Heckman 5    0    0 

Jacob  Fisher 6  10    0 

Henry    Brubacker 8    0    0 

Daniel    Baser 8    0    0 

Christian   Franck 6    0    0 

Casper  Feeman,    2    0    0 

John  Long 2    0    0 

Georg  •   Hellman,    0  10    0 

Tobias  Lehman.    Jun 2    0    0 

Philip  Fawber 2    0    0 

John  Mies 110    0 

Abraham   Wingert 6    0    0 

Henry   Fux 6    0    0 

Peter  Kenny 6    0    0 

John  Beshore 4    0    0 

John  Wingert 8    0    0 

J  hn  Splttler 8    0    0 

George  Huber 2    0    0 

Henry   Mies 2  10    0 

Frederick   Beshore 1    0    0 

Paul  Been 10    0 

Isaac    Snevely,    5    0    0 

Jacob   Snevely 5    0    0 

John   Snevely," 2    0    0 


Carried  forward,    £883  15    0 


('apt.      HKNRY     SHEFFER'S     com- 
pany. 


John    Meyer 

Michael  Grehblel 

John  Shenck,  Jun 

John  Hemigh,    

Ceirge   Emmert,    

John  Shenck.   sen 

C'liristlan   Reeser 


Carried   over .• £1038    5    0 


1    0 

0 

4  10 

0 

5  10 

0 

4     0 

n 

5  10 

0 

5  10 

0 

4  10 

0 

151                      ACCOU 

6 

OF    1 

»    0 
0   0 

,  0   ol 
'  0   "' 

[.lEUTENANTS. 
Bto.  Iot.v 

Capt.     SAMUEL    COCJ 

Cap..     HEN-RY 

^"IT 

Ctarlillan  W*ln, 

John  Roop.    «n 

IMMEL' 

Cai.t.  LEONARD 

Opt.  WILLJAM  JOHl 

..™>,,,.. 

DAUPHIN    COUNTY. 


l!ro!.   toiwd 

Abnilulm  Smuli 

Abrabam  Krall. 
Michafl  Miller. 
John  Light.   Jui 
(IBorgs  Baylor, 

1 

CwL  DAVID  IIQUEE 

N- 

'.IZ 

— «-- 

3 

igl.  JOHN  RODGER 

MICHAEI,     nsOWN-S     com-  I 


iL.  THOMAS  MURRAY'S  Baltallon, 


Capt.    JAMES   MURRAY'S 


pi.  GEOROE  LOWER'S  oomcaii] 
I  dau.  Daniel  Baum.   ..       1!1    1 


CHpl.    SAMUEL    COCHRAN'S 


Cnl.THOMAS  EDWARD'S 
Capl.  BALZER  ORTH'S 
P*Wr  Hal«ir 


I.    JACOB   COOK'S 


Col.   JOHN  RODGER'S  BB  t 


Capt.   MATTH1A3   HE  KING' 3   c 


i.    DAN.   BRADLEY'S 


15G  ACCOUNTS   OP   LIEUTENANTS. 

Tbe    account    oC    JOHN    GLONINGER,    Eaq.    Lieutenant    ot 
Dauphin  County,  from  March  1787.  to  September,  1788, 
John  QlonluKer,  Esquire,  Ueutenant,  Dr.  To  Sundries. 

Dalance  of  account  eettlecl £171  10    8 

Militia  Flues, 
Received  from  aundry  persons  per  account  here- 
with,       321  15     0 

£493    5    8 

Contra  Cr. 
By  United  States. 
Paid  Vency  Dunlap,  on  account  of  a 
pension  ordered  by  orphans  couri, 

August  24,  1787 £4     0    0 

Ditto,  do.  do.  22,  do.  7    5    0 

11    6    0 

By  David  Hittenhouse,  Esq.  Treasurer. 
Paid  him   on  account  of  fines.  No- 

vemijer  22,   1787 £2113     5 

Ditto,  do.  April  29,  17SS 30  13    8 


DAUPHIN  COUNTY. 
Account  of  Fines  Received  Dauphin  County. 

CoL     SAHUBL    JONEB-B    B»tI»llon.  ,         Brol.  (ofw 


Cspt.  JACOB  MEILT-S  eomfany. 


MELCHICiR    BEHMY' 


l-ndwlck  Sfa» 
John  Kohr.  . 


Prtilerltk  Budy,   . 


Jacob  O*«rb0ltMr. 


Divld  PrlDjF.  Jun 
lUrtln  l^rwT.   . 

Hmry    Light,    ... 


Capl.     HEL.CHIOR     BEHKT'S    con 


Mer 

K-nny 

Clirlfl 
Jicob 

Bn.».> 

ChrtaiUn  Frmncli,    .. 

John 

Spinier ... 

ACCOUNTS    OP   LIEUTENANTS. 


Biot.  forw.  ait    t 

Oii.t.    DANIEL    BRADLEY'S    coni 


Brot,  lorw IH5   •    ( 

Clpl.    MICHAEL   LIMB'S   company. 


Henry  Bruno  er, 

Martin  Baclxr,    . 


Mania  Hoiucr,  Jun. 
OMFte  MlDlch 


.    VALB.vriNG   SHOUFFI.Ea'8 


1  Capt.    8AMUBI,   COCHRAN-B    ■ 


.   RICHARD  SWAN'S  cotnpany. 


.   PATBICK   HAT'S  0OTni*ny 


DAUPHIN  COUNTY. 


Cipt     PATRICK    HAY'S    oon 


Jlcnb  LOBCneolm.  . 
AU.DI  Hunnukcr.  . 
ni«r  Ii-bnuD 


Cipi..  JA1IE9   ( 


BELL'S  campinr 


Juhn  Hatflcld. 


Opt.    ROBINSON-B  company 


Opt     BAH.    COCHRAK'8  0 


Hrnry    AlllmilD, 


John  Rkht.  )ud., 
Jacob  Itltnr,   


n6')> 


STATK  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS 


George  Clingan,   Esquire, 


TREASURER 


FRANKLIN   COUNTY. 


1785-1788. 


ll-7-3d  Ser. 


9Ute  ot  tb«  Accounts  ot  GBORGB  CLINOAN,  Esquire,  Treas- 
urer of  Frankln  Counly,  from  the  time  the  Countir  was  erected 
vnUl  iBt  June.  ITSS. 


In  the  Funding  Tax  1TS5. 
0«orge  Ciingao.  Bsq.  Treasurer. 

Dr.  To  Assessments  at  Taxes. 


Pftld  David  RItten house,  Esq.  Treas. 

Apr.  lOch.  1786,  . . . 

IMtto,  May  19th •. . 

Ditto,  July  fith,  

Ditto, Aug.  lltii, 

Ditto Octo.  2d 

Ditto Apr.  20Ul,  1787.  . . . 

Ditto Sep.  22d.  

Ditto,  June  7th,  1788..... 


Balances  due  from  delinquent  Collectors  Tie. 

peters,  Hugh  M'Kee 69     6     5 

Hont^omery,  Thomas  Kennedy, 101    7    2 

Lurgan.  Gavin  Morrison 169     4    9 

Guilford.  Peter  Fry 98    g     7 

Washington,  Frederick  Foreman,  ...  127  IS  11 

Antrim,  Samuel  M'Culloch 275  12    8 

Franklin,  William  Sharon 26    6    3 

Hamilton.  William  Dixon 100  18    7 

L«tterkeney,  George  Stinger 176    0    4 

Faoet,  Nathaniel  Foul 129    4    8 


1S4  /         ACCOUNTS  OF  TREASURER. 

State  ol  the  Accounts  of  GKORGB  CLINGAN,  Esquire,  Trea*- 
arer  of  Franklin  Couuty. 

In  the  Funding  tax  1786. 
George  Cllngan,  Esq.  Treasurer, 

Dr.  to  AsaesemeDta  of  taxes. 

For  the  amount  of  the  duplicates £2469    9    1 

Balance  due  to    G.  C. SO    3    0 


Supra  Cr. 
By  Assess ments  of  Taxes, 
Paid  David  Hit  ten  ho  use.  Esq.  Treas. 


Feb.  15th.  17S7.  .. 

£57     0    0 
no  19     8 

Ditto 

Mar.  2l8t,  1788.  .. 

48    2     5 

Ditto 

May  30th 

.       214     8     7 

FKANKLtN   COUNTY.  165 

SUte  of  the  AccouQtB  of  a-EORGB  CLINOAN,  Esquire,  Treau- 
urar  of  FYanklln  County,  In  the  Funding  tax  of  1TST. 
continued. 

Supra  Cr, 

By  Assessmeuts  of  Taxes, 

Piid  David  Rittenbouse,  Esq.  Treas. 

Jan.  Slh.  1TS8 £135    1    0 

Ditto,  71    0  10 

206    1  10 

Balances  due  from  delinquent  collectors,  vis. 

Wasblngton,  Solomon  Segrlst IGS  11  6 

Oultford.  John  Thompson 174  10  6 

Peters,  Alexander  ClendODlns 215    S  7 

Franhliii,  Benjamin  Swain 118     2  4 

Letterbeney,  John  Henderson, 74  12  8 

Ditto,       Nicholas  Patterson 162    1  i 

Fanet,  Pa.  Davidson 203  12  4 

Hamilton,  John  Buzzard 166  U  1 

Antrim,  John  Mller,  330  17  8 

Lorgan 83    7  3 

Hontgomery,  Jere  Rankin 310    4  S 

aoutbampton 142  11  1 


Balance  Account. 

George  Clingan,  Esq.  Treasurer,  Cr. 

Id  the  funding  tax,  1785 

Ditto,  1786 

Ditto,  1787 


State  of  the  Accounts  o(  OEOROE  CLINGAN,  Esquire,  Treas- 
urer of  Franklin  County,  from  June  till  December,  1788. 

In  the  Funding  Tax  1785. 
George  Clingan,  Esq.  Treasurer, 

Dr.  to  Asseasmente  of  taxes. 
For  Balances  outstanding  last  aeltlemeni, £1273    8    4 


166  ACCOUNTS  OF  TREASURER. 

State  Of  the  Accounts  of  QEORGE  CLINGAN,  Esq.  Treasurer  of 
Franklin  County,  from  June  till  December,  1788.  Continued. 

Supra  Cr. 
By  Assessments  of  Taxes, 
By  balance  last  account, £29    9  11 

For  balances  outstanding  from  delinquent  collectors,  viz. 

Peters,  Hugh  M'Kee 69    6    5 

Montgomery,  Thomas  Kennedy, 101    7    2 

Lurgan,  Gavin  Morrison, 143    8    9 

Guilford,  Peter  Fry 98    8    7 

Washington,  Frederick  Foreman,  . . .  119  12  11 

Antrim,  Samuel  M'Culloch, 272  10    8 

Franklin,  William  Sharon 26    6    3 

Hamilton,  William  Dixon,  94    8    2 

Letterkeney,  George  Stinger,  175    0    4 

Fanet,  Nathaniel  Paul 129    4    8 

1229  13  11 

Balance  due  by  G.  C, 14    4    6 

£1273    8    4 

In  the  Funding  Tax  1786. 
George  Clingan,  Esq.  Treasurer, 

Dr.  to  Assessments  of  taxes. 
For  balances  outstanding  last  settlement, £1924    6    7 

Supra  Cr. 

By  balance  last  settlemen', £50    3    • 

By  Assessments  of  Taxes, 
Paid  David  Rittenhouse,Esq.Treas.  Aug.  7th,  1788,  72    0    0 

For  balances  due  from  delinquent  collectors,  viz. 

Montgomery,  Joseph  Vanleer 80    1  1 

Washington.  Peter  Ripper 211  13  5 

Peters,  Robert  Wilson 169  10  4 

Guilford.  David   Hindman 116  14  4 

Letterkeney,  John  Immel 199  12  9 

Franklin,  Michael  M'Anuky 75    6  5 

Hamilton,  Mathew  M'Dowel! 199  18  9 

Fanet,  Joseph  Kilgore 152     6  8 

Carried  over 1205    3    9  122    3    0 


FEANKLIN   COUNTY. 


SUte  of  tb«  Accounts  of  GEORGE  CLINGAN.  Esq.  Treasurer  of 
Franklin  County,  in  the  Funding  Tax  or  1786.    continued. 


Sy  AaaessmeDtB  of  taxes, Bro.forw.  £1205    3    9 

Lurgan,  William  Turner,  85    2  10 

Soutliampton,  Conrad  Fishburne,  ...      1S4  IS  11 
Antrim,  Joeeph  Shlvely 312    9    S 


Balance  due  by  G.  C. 


In  the  Funding  Tax  1787. 
George  CUngan,  Esq.  Treasurer, 

Dr.  to  AasessmeutB  of  taxes. 


Supra  Cr. 
Balance  due  a 


last  settlement. 


By  Assessments  of  Taxes. 
Paid  David  Rlttenhouae,  Esq.  Treae. 

May  14th.  1788 62  17  0 

Ditto.                       Oct.  3d,  150    0  0 

Balances  due  from  delinquent  collectors,  viz. 

Washington,  Solomon  Seagriat, 119  12  6 

GulKord.  John  Thompson 169    9  6 

Peters,  Alexander  Clendening 215    8  7 

Franklin,  Benjamin  Swain US     2  4 

Lelterkeney,  John  Henderson 74  12  8 

Dllto,          Nicholas  Patterson 118  IS  5 

Fanet.  Pa.  Davison 196     4  2 

Hamilton.  John  Buzzard ISiJ  11  1 

Antrim.  John  Miller 330  17  8 

Lurgan g3     7  3 

Montgomery,  Jere  Rankin 264    6  7 

Southampton 142  11  1 


IBS  ACCOUNTS  OF  TREASURER. 

State  at  the  Accoiiata  of  GEORGE  CLINGAN'.  Esq.  Treasurer  ot 

Frankiln  County.  In  the  Funding  Tax  1787,     continued. 

Balance  Account. 
Dr.  George  Clingan.  Esq.  Treasurer,  Cr. 

In  the  Ux  1785 £14    4     S  In  tax  1TS7 £109    9    S 

Ditto.  1786 44     8     5 

Bal.  due  to  G.  C,         50  16     3 


£109     9     2 


Examined  and  settled, 

January  «b,  1789, 

State  ot  the  Accounts  of  GEOHGB  CLINOAN,  Esq.  TTeaaurer  of 
Frankllii  County,  From  Decetvber  1TS8,  till   10th  January 

1T90, 


lilANKLlN   COUNTY.  169 

State  of  the  Accounta  ot  GBOROB  CIiINOAN,  Esq.  Treasurer  ol 
PrBDklin  County,  In  the  Pundlog  Tax  of  1785,  coatlnued. 

Supra  Cr. 

By  Assesaments  ot  taxes,  Bro.  lorw.  £357    0    4         126    G    0 

WashlDgloD,  Frederick  Foreman,  ...  103    6  11 

Antrim,  Samuel  M'Culloch,   24E     3     8 

Franklin,  William  Sbaron, 26    6    3 

Hamilton,  William  DlxoD 100  IS     7 

L^tterkanej',  Oeorge  Stluger 162  18    8 

Fanet,  Nathaniel  Paul,  124    4    S 

1119  19    1 

1246    4    1 


In  the  Funding  Tax  1786. 
O«orge  Cllngan,  Esq.  Treasurer, 

Dr.  To  sundries. 

Balance  last  account 

AssessmentB  of  Taxea. 
For  balances  outstanding  last  settlement 


Supra  Cr. 

By  Assessments  of  Taxes, 

Paid  David  Rlttenhouse,  Eeq.  Treas. 

Sep.  2l3t.  1789,  ...  £28  13  9 

Ditto,                          Oct.  28th 83  13  2 

For  bal.  due  from  delinquent  collectors,  viz. 

Montgomery.  Joseph  Vanleer, 80    1  1  ■ 

Washlnftton,  Peter  Ripper 190    0  7 

Peters,  Robert  Wilson 139  14  8 

Guilford,  David  Hlndman 101  14  0 

Letterkeney.  John  Immell 199  12  0 

Franklin.  Michael  M'AnuHy 75    7  0 

Hamilton,  Matthew  M'Dowell 134    7  7 

Carried  over,  £993  16  U 


170  ACCOUNTS  OP  TREASURER, 

State  of  the  Accounts  of  GBORGE  CLINGAN,  Esij.  Tt-CHSnrer  ot 
Franklin  County,  In  the  Funding  Tiix  ot  1786,  uoniliiiied. 

Supra  Cr. 

By  Aaaeasments  ol  taxes.  Bro.  torw.  £990  16  11         112    6  II 

Fanet,  Joseph  Kllgore U6    7  10 

Lurgac,  William  Turner 77  13  11) 

Southampton,  Conrad  Fisliliurne,  ...  14'i  15    4 

Antrim,  Josepli  SUlvely 310  13    * 

187!     T     3 

Balance  due  by  G.  C,  16    9     B 

1802    3    7 


In  the  Funding  Tax  1787. 
Oeorge  Cllngan,  Baq.  Treasurer, 

Dr.  to  ABsessmeuts  at  tcxes. 

For  balances  due  from  delinquent  collectors, £2000    1  10 


Supra  Cr. 


FRANKLIN   COUNTY.  171 

State  of  tbe  AccouoU  of  GEORGE  CLINOAN,  Esq.  Treasurer  ot 
Frankltn  County,  Ib  the  FundlDg  Tax  ot  17SS. 

In  tbe  Funding  Tax  17S8. 
George  Clinsan,  Esq.  Treasurer, 

Dr.  to  AsaeesmentB  of  taxes. 
For    tbe   amount  of   the   duplicates,    £2378    6    7 


Supra  Cr. 

By  AaseBSinentB  of  taxes. 

Paid  David  Rlttenhouae,  Esq.  Treas. 

Dec.  26th.l7SS,  ...      £20  10    0 
Ditto.  Feb.  IStli,  1789,  .. .        16  10    6 

Ditto,  Apr.  7th 162    2    2 

Ditto,  Oct.  28th,  32    3    2 

Ditto,  Christian  Feblger,  Esq.  Treas. 

Feb.  1790 BB    »    6 

280  15 

Balances  due  from  delinquent  coUectora, 2086  13 

Balance  due  by  G.  C. 17 


2878 


In  the  Funding  Tax  1789. 
George  Cllngan    Esq.  Treas- rer. 

Dr.  to  Assessments  of  taxes. 
For  the  amount  of  the  duplicates £2370  IS 


Supra  Cr. 

By  Assessments  of  taxes. 


172  ACCOUNTS  OF  TREASURER. 

Balance  AccouDt. 
Dr.  George  CHogan,  Esq,  Treasurer, 

In  runaiDC  tiM  IM IK    ■   1 .  In  (anJlni  Ui  int.    . 

into im i9i»  4  1 

aiUn ITM BIJ    *     [UlflTiM  due  by  O.   C. 


Examined  and  settled, 

JOHN  NICHOLSON. 


STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS 


David  Rittenhouse,  Esq., 


TREASURER  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


1788. 


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13 


THE  ACCOUNTS 


Isaac  Snowden,  Esq., 


TREASURER 


CITY  AND  COUNTY  OF  PHILADELPHIA. 


1777-1790. 


THE  ACCOUNTS 


Isaac  Snowden,  Esq., 


XREAauRER 


CITY  AND  COUNTY  OF  PHILADELPHIA. 


(314) 


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6  1  a 


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a  "S  - 
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CL.Q  g:.ua.U 


316 


ACCOUNTS  OF  TREASURERS. 


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PHILADELPHIA  COUNTY. 


I 
6    I 


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sis 


Sit 


1^1 


a'3 


PHILADELPHIA  COUNTY. 


a  s  ■'^ 

H  i;  s  B> 


s    g|« 


320 


ACCOUNTS    OP    TREASURERS. 


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00 


00 


00 

o 

99 


lO 


C9 
99 


U3 

CO 


00 


OOkfi 


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99 


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s 

eq 


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o  ko'co  eo  o  lo 

iHiH 

eo  <(t«  eo  C9  CO  99 

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t*  to  eo  CO  iH  CO 

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3 


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o 

CO 
OQ 

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B 

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2 
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>  O  . 
O  0?  o 
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o 
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d 

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OB 

a 
a 

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cc 
hi 

CO 

a 


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73 


A 

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9 

> 


a 

s 


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99 


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99 

00 


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a 

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u 

a 
s; 

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oil 

oil 

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a 

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22 


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si 


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PHILADELPHIA  COUNTT. 


I     II  i 


I  i 

i  * 

S    t 

!| 
Ir 


i  i 


8    S 


21-7-8d  Ser. 


:s8 

S3^ 


SS 


:8  : 

Si 

ess  Is 

y  "la 

llcS-s 

o  o  °      *S 
* S«  a  «„ 


322 


ACCOUNTS    OF    TREASURERS. 


CO 


CO 

o 


^  »H 


00  o» 


iHOO 
O  t- 
COCO 

CO  esi 

CO  T-j 


CO 


00 


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00 
lO 
iO 
CO 


0»  00 


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t^  oo 

CO  '* 


CO 


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a 


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to 

• 

3 


1   I 
8   s 


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5       CQ 


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5 


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CO 
CO 


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ft    t; 

CQ       u 


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CO 


p 

Q 

CQ 
GQ 


o 
(0 


O 

•a 

I 


S3 

OQ    S 


o 

I 


C3«H 

O 

a^ 

■•->  CO 
OJiH 


o» 


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CO 

iH 
CO 
CO 


0) 


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CQw 

CO 


CO  l«-  O 
CO  0>  ^ 


<0  CO  © 

o»  C»  o 
CO  o  ^ 


CO 


o 

CM 


O 
CO 
»H 
CO 
CO 


o 

C9 


O 
CO 

»H 
CO 
CO 


a 

a  s 

00    io£ 


C3 


■*-'        J- 


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0)   q? 
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O    hi 
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a 

1^ 


CQ 

OB 


2 

§ 

CQ 

S 

09 
08 


DO 


2; 


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O    OQ 
>   * 

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00      :3 

t»  CO 

O      -^ 
CO      a* 

&    55 

CQ      » 

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CQ 


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j:3 


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PHIUVDELPHIA  COUNTT. 


Q  u  i 


;i 


11 


s  iiil  ?- 
I  5:|l  Si 


2  §  §  §  I 

£qqq5 


324 


ACCOUNTS    OF    TREASURERS. 


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>> 

09  O 

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£•• 

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04 

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tf 


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o 

d 

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CO 


8  2 

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CQ 


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0) 


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o 
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3 


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o 
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oa  r-l  o> 
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CO 
00 


JB  ■^ 
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rH  b-  lO 
rH  tH  00 


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■•-> 
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PHIL.ADBLPHIA  COUNTY. 


11 


OOgOiOiH^ACDUAOPW 


«8 


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£    aoQQoSoaQQ 


ACCOUNTS    OF"    TRBASURSRB. 


-  .■^«^,lgl|i|!*illfflls| 
I   »  |l|||||||||IUi1iss|l1 


FHIL.ADELPHIA   COUNTT. 


^1 


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ii 


%  5 
i    3 


£q 


el  ^ 


6- 


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B    2 


sisi  11 


PHILADBLPBIA  COUNTY. 


m  pill 

=t«    „saaS 


I    1. 

=     III  :-i''5^-«lSS|  =  a 


PHILADELPHIA  COUNTY. 


I  «is"|lll=l|ilii1 

a     «S3 a5a hSs Sgf 9 «S--^a s^ 


llllllsslsfsllllisii 


PHILADELPHIA  COUNTT. 


2S$ 


PUIL.ADBLJ>U1A  COUNTT. 


a    ^  °-  i 
^    i  «  I 


lis 

Mat 


S    3 


S    * 
3 


g   I  ■■ 


|§355SSS2222SS 


ACCOUNTS    OP    TREASURERS. 


PHILADBIiPHIA  COUNTY. 


II  Hill 


I  i 

f  ° 


fsassass  £ 

38-7-3d  Ser. 


i  ii 


|5 

ii 

|i 
It 

II 


PHILADELPHIA  COUNTY. 


tS 


i"^lliil1i|iii;ip^fi 


'==111 


PHILADELPHIA  COUNTY. 


IfiHiaii 


I 
;i 

f  si. 

Sin; 


=    SOS  B 


B|^SaB^«|jd 


.    5  =  1 


ii 
1 1 


E    i3 


I 

i 


hi 


PHILABBLPBIA  COUNTY. 

6       ■   ' 


I 

1:3 

liaj 

Slal 


i  I 


Is 

I- 


:ti 


ACCOUNTS    OF    TREASUHER8. 


Q 

n 
I- 

^5 

^ 

2t-" 

I 

-t 

^ 

PHILADELPHIA  COUNTY. 


H  5     *•  L 


z  i 

I     " 


PHILADELPHIA  COUNTT. 


u 


If 
I 


s  I. 


«i  S-94  9 

2  3  «  a  « 
a  -i'l 


FHILADBLPHIA  COUNTY. 


iMl 


i  i 


8  f! 
I    is 

m     Jffl 


a  » 

11 


SSI 

I'SC 

III. 

<SSS: 


Ipl 

O  fe  a  =>■= 


PHILADELPHIA  COUNTY. 


a   S 
S    3 


i  1 

6    I 


S    ► 


jl 

|i 

.-- 

J2 

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11 

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■  1 

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s 

"S- 

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5            : 

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PHILADELPHIA   COUNTY. 


a 
isi 


III 


STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUiXTS 


John   Baker,  Esquire, 


TREASURER 


CITY  AND  COUNTY  OF  PHILADELPHIA. 


1786-1789. 


STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS  OF  JOHN  BAKBR.  ESQ. 
TREASURER  OF  THE  CITY  AND  COUNTY  OF  PHILA- 
DELPHIA. 

In  the  funding  tax  of  1786. 

John  Baker,  Esq.  treasurer,  Dr.  to  asseesments  of  tazea. 

For  the  amount  of  the  duplicates  of  the  first  and 
Muoud  b&lf  years  al  said  uuc £21451  13    0 

Baluoco  carried  to  accouaL  of  the  tax  IVSfi,  on 
pluasuraDle  carnagsB 1G51  12  11 


By  assessments  of  taxes. 


Paid  David  Rittenhouse,  Baq, 

Treas- 

13    1 

10  0 
8    6 
5    0 
3    7 
8    9 

18  11 

11  4 

Do.               Do.        AuRuat  8.           Do.      901 
Do.              Do.        September  29,    do.    1166 
Do.                D).        Oc;ot*r  6,            Do.      459 
Do.               Do.        February  16,    1787,    2727 
Do.                D).        March  28,            Do.     1786 
Do.              D3.        July  16.               Do.    4131 
Do.               Do.        Do.      18,             Do.      387 

Paid   peuloni  to  the  widowa  at 
Uw  ttmr   »ni  n*v;.    who  dl«d  Id 

■ctaat  Kr- 

3MU    ( 

12636  19    2 

td  bait 
MU   t 

Amount      i.*w.m.rl..t 

Received      of     JamH 
Rowan,  collector.   ..      bi3  10    i 

WO    1    t 

^* ;  \ 

BalBsce   due 

IMM 

PHILADELPHIA  COUNTY. 


Bklanc*  do* 
Amount      ot      Do. 
RtMlKd    of    Jotin 

piiiispnc.  ptatiD.    mat  ta  I 


ResOTM  ot  Job. 
Stllia  ptr  Duilal 
DrmlM 


n«U    t  IB   1 


I  I«  »  19 


CwTltd  Cormrd.   . 


MulbeiTT     warJ. 
R(e.  at  T.  Fliber, 

«)    6    1 
14111     1 

em   6   g 

IN    )    t 

4TS  IV  10 

Ml  11  11 

1 

ley  lowMliii.,    ... 
J<uiH»lluWr... 

MSI 
17   t   ( 

14)  U    1 

Amauut      of      du- 
Dllciue  Brlitol... 
RMalvbl    «(     J>t. 

its   i   S 

a  X  t 

B    t   1 

PHUiADBLPHIA  COUNTY.  3fi9 

I  (omrd cmm  <  •  int  t  > 


AmoBnt     et      Do. 


I.  ....     mil 


Mil   * 

«M1>   1 


la  >  *  in  t  » 

RaMlT.     at    John 
BDbbww 11*  u  1 

n  t  t  iM  1  ( 


Lower  bublln,    . 


XCll   < 


tiou  a 


Balaiw*  dM 


MoramRiilns.    ..      ul  II 11 
ElUba      Parkar 


Aaurant      o(      Da 
MonUuid 


»   (   «  H    ^   ■ 


OuTlM  tonnrd ai74   i   i  Uti4  ■   t 


ACCOUNTS    OF    TREASURERS. 

rou«bl   torwsrd UIU    I    1  Iltli    ')    1 


PHILADELPHIA  COUNTY. 
BroushI  (OrwBTd <SIM  r 

Ammuit      <it      Do. 

pMOVBk MtU   7  Mta    I 

Bm.     at     ChrWta. 

Teims    collKtor,       Sj  16    -• 

IM  It    I  11)  IS    i 

IHU    ) 

BkluKK  tat  ■»  ]< 

ABwant      Bt      Do. 

ROIbURT 117  IC    1  117  U    1 

lUcclv.     at     Qod- 

«  u  n  111  i»  I 

Balance  du«  lt7    I 

AmoBnt      of      Ttih 

BfcalT.     el    Jobn 
Hunl«r.     ITI   t    t  tl  10    0 

»t    t   t  in  IS  11 

04   1   t 

BaluuH  dn*  T» 

mrkWHt tl7    7   i  117   7   I 

Bm^It.     Dt     John 


SeZ  ACCOUNTS    OP    TRBA8URGRS. 

In  tbe  tax  od  pleasurable  carriages  (or  1T8S. 

JotiQ  BakeiT,  Esq.  Dr.  Lo  aBaessmenU  o(  taxes. 

Received  from  NaLbanlel  Dannell  col- 
lector, dook  ward. 238  13  11 

Do.  Do.  soMth  ward,  ..        41    0  11 

Do.       Josepli  SLiIas,  middle  wa.rd,  ..      101    0  11 

3S1  12  10 

Balance  carried  to  accou&t  ot  (undlns  Ux  17ST.  . .        1171    8    8 

1S53     1    6 


By  BBsesEjiicntB  ot  taxes. 

For  the  to;inty   treaaurer'3  conimls. 

Hiona  on  £3S1  12  10  at  7b  6 1 

Balance  of  the  account  in  the  fandlog 


PHILADELPHIA  COUNTY. 


Braocbt  torsard. 


T*U    In    imn    1 


Do.      Hlch-alnat   ward.    do.  U9   t 

Junta       Wa.lilns. 
BOTth  ward ITH  la   I 


Uulbmrr.  amat..    tClO   T   I 
VmH    OD     »ccofot 
of  IM  tiM-.t  r''Br..      IM    S    9 


864  ACCOUNTS    OP    TBBASURRH8. 

Broofbl  (oni>r<J UNl   (U 

Clamant  Bmltli.  If oyamtDilnc.         do.  (U   I  I) 

Robert    Whliton,     MDnland.         do.  IM   >  i 

cm   UbenlH IIEI  U    I 

F&ld  In  put  of  in  half  y»r  K  tS   T 

IMl  M  U 

•rn  UMttlm im  11    B 

Paid  In  pan  ot  IM  half  T*ar  M    D   0 

Pndirloli     Cutor,      Oitoid.  amount                         US    t   1 

John    Hannalur.     PaHrenX.  do.                           ill   I   Q 

NJcholaa  Raptwlnc.Itoibury.  do.                            BS  l(   * 

Uait-Caipn,  Southwark  muC  tn    I   t 

Paid  In  part  or  lit  half  jraar  IM  0   0 

ni  t  < 

Do.  Southvark  wwi,        anoimt  171 U   I 


FHIUVDELFHIA  COUNTY. 


Brougtit  twward 

>.  per  Joeepb  Norman,  do.      Z4tb, 
I.  perThomaB  Hurler.  September  2d, 
I.  per  John  Ooodman, 
>.  per  Leratw  SwICt, 
>.  per  Thomas  Marony,  October  4th, 
K  per  Peter  Kurtz, 
).  per  ElDocb  Baley, 
>.  per  Archibald  Shaw. 
)l  per  David  Copeland, 
).  per  Samuel  DavlB. 
).  per  CbrlaL  Byerley. 
L  per  WllU&m  M'Donald, 
i.  per  John  Qoodman, 
).  per  Matthew  Oraham.  Nov.    7th, 
>.  per  do.  do.     11th, 

).  per  John  Ooodman,  do.  do. 
k  per  Mattbetp  Oraham,  do.  15tb, 
).  per  John  Hunter,  Decembar  Uth, 
K  per  Matthew  Oraham,  do.  29tb, 
>.  per  Jacob  Karger,  do.      do. 

>.  per  Thomas  Hurley,  Jan.  2d,  1TS7, 
>.  per  John  Qoodman,  da.'  9th, 
>.  perTbomas  Hurley,Jan.lO(h,lTS7, 
I.  per  Matthew  Oraham,  do.  13th, 
>.  per  John  Goodman,  Feb.  13tb, 
>.  per  John  Hunter,  do.    23d, 

a.  per  Jacob  Beck,  do.     26ih, 

>.  per  Jotrn  M'CulIoch,    March  lat. 


11 

,th. 

20  19 

obei 

■4th, 

ZE  10 

do. 

38  17 

do. 

6th. 

64  0 

do. 

53  6 

do. 

6th, 

12  16 

do. 

9tb, 

16  16 

do. 

14th, 

26  10 

do. 

16tb, 

13  10 

do. 

23d, 

10  0 

do. 


do. 


lo.    Uth. 


>.  per  Matthew  Oraham, 

>.  per  Samuel  Maua, 

>.  per  Conrad  Buckman, 

>.  per  Peter  Buchlua, 

>.  per  Lemood  Swift, 

).  per  John  Budd, 

).  per  GeorgB  Lees, 

>.  per  Adam  Suter. 

).  per  Bughturil  Hibbs, 

>.  per  Peter  Kurtz, 

),  per  Thomas  Hurley. 

).  per  ChrlBtopher  Byerly,  May    5th, 

>.  per  Thomaa  Hurley,        do.     12Ch, 

).  per  do.  do.     19th 

>.  per  do.  July    2d, 


4th, 


6  19 
6  10 
13  10 


7i.h,       13    0    0 


do.   do. 

7  10 

do.   do. 

9  13 

do.  19th, 

6  IE 

do.  26th, 

7  6 

April  2d, 

13  10 

3G6  ACCOUNTS    OP    TREASURERS. 

Brought  forward 832    e    7 

Do,    per    JohQ    Webber,    Per    James 

Matthews,  do.  12tii 7  0  0 

Do.  per  Thomas  Goucher,     do.     nth,  27  0  0 

Do,  per  Jacob  Karger,           do.    20111,  4  0  0 

wmiam  Ooats,  Esq.  Ll^ut.  Phllcbilclpbla  county. 

Received  per  Douehty  Bllee,  collector,  April  9, 
1786 


Contra  Cr, 

Balance  brought  from  account  of  the  funding 
tax,  1787 

By  Mintla  flnes, 

For    tbe    oouiiry    treasurer's    commissions    upon 
£892     1    9  at  %  per  cent 


By  David  Rlttenhouse,  Esq. 


FHII^ADELPHIA  COUNTY. 


Id  the  Funding  tax  ot  1786. 
John  Baker,  Esq.  Dr.  to  aseessmeals  of  taxes. 

9TS8  16 


Contra  Cr. 
By  assess  meats  of  ti 

Tor  Uw  MIVHW  avenwld  by  J.  B*ker  •! 
MM   MttMoMDt 

PtM    DBTtdRlltUlhODN.Xtt]. 

AnvoM  Mib  vtn mil  t 

Da      do.  ittii      aia   t   i 

Do.  Ju.  uiii.  ins in  «  « 

BbIuuxi  due  from  dtilnqi^ani  coltecion. 

IIcw    Hufeet    mri.    Jamca 

Rmran.  eoUectop «T»   *   0 

Dock  do.  NrnthKilel   Donnell  tt  1*    * 

UMdle  do.  jDKpta  Btlln  pvr 

Daniel  Dniii lU  IS   1 

piiiie mnit 

Wmlnat        do.             do.  £1  IS  il 

Upp«r  do-   JoflAph  atll^a   P*r 

D»nlH  DnjB ITT  IS    » 

Blch-itnwi    do,       an.      do.  ]G3  ii    t 

Morth  da.    c^wli   BIddlTIK,    ..  7N  I]    T 

SMt  Uulberry,   Jscob  Hull.  IM    S   * 

We«     do.     ThoniM    F1«h»r.  lU   J  II 

BlHk1*y  towDBblp.  D.  lo\r;  IM  U  10 

BDMoI                    JfM*  Kirk.  >I  U   T 


GS  ACCOUNTS    OF    TREASUR 


Low^r  DubUu,    J»l>!i    Mut* 
lick 

Ii;an      Nonham      Llbertia, 

Albertus  Sti/lDck 

Da.    M    piin    Zacli:!.    CDilrCM 


Weal      KorLhun      LIbcrtlFi, 


PHII.ADBLJ>HIA  CODNTT. 

Brought  forvard 409    2    t 

Paid  David  Rltteabouse,  Esq.  treasurer. 


Bth.  1787 

.      805    9  11 

October        26th, 

2493    4  10 

November      8th, 

1444    0  10 

do.                13th, 

33     t    6 

69  14    6 

do.                  24th, 

15    6    0 

do.                27th, 

588     6    2 

do.                  29th, 

78     7  11 

December      6th, 

69     0     6 

do.                  10th, 

32  13     1 

January    4th,  1788,  . 

.     2868     1  10 

March    28tb,  

.     1889  15  10 

April    12th 

739     7     6 

Paid  at  siudr;  times  per  account  the  pensions  to 
widows,  ftc.  of  oommlasloned  ofScers  of  the 
Pennsylvania  line  and  navy,  per  order  of  or- 
phans' court,  from  July  1787,  to  January  13tb, 
1788 830  18 

Fald  on  orders  of  a  maslstrate  and  two  freehold- 
ers, In  compensatloD  For  servants  Inllsted  into 
the  Pennsylvania  regiments  before  12th  March, 
1778,  per  account.* 106  16 


Balances  out stan ding  on  collectors  duplicates. 

New  Harltet  ward Geo.  Heyl,  col.  1333  18    2 

Dock.  do Jacob  Hull,   .,     97  19    9 

South James Watkins,  13S    7    9 

Middle Joseph  Stiles,  .  139    1    7 

Chesnut Thomas  FJsher,  231  16  11 

Wainut do.  259    4    6 

Lower  Delaware do.  270    1    3 

Upper  Delaware Joseph  Stiles,  .230    3    0 

High-street do.  270  13    S 

Nivlh  ward James Watklna.  188  18  11 

Sonth  Mulberry Thomas  Flaher  1051    7    2 

North  Mulberry Jacob  Hull,  ...  122  13    8 

Blockley,  township David  Saldrick,  175    0    1 

Bristol Henry  Young,    113  14    0 

Byberry Jacob    Wlllson,    56    9    5 

Germantown John  Beck.  ...  447  13  11 

KlngeeBstng.  Isaac  Cose,  ...  195  10  11 

Lower  Dublin ThomasChapel,  277  10    8 

Hoyamensing Clement  Smith.  287  19    6 

Carried  forward, 6136    3    8  11973    7  11 

24-7-Sd  Ser. 


370  ACCOUNTS    OP    TREASURERS. 

Brought  forward 6136    3  8  1 

Moreland RoberlWhitton    75  14  3 

E^ast  Northern  Llbertiea,   Henry    Faunce  782  IS  0 

West                  do.                  WnilamCUrton  841     0  10 

Oxford Fred.  Castor,.,  310  11  8 

Pasayunk John  Hannaker    53    5  2 

Roxbury Nich.  Rapewino  144  le  9 

Soutbwfirk  eut Uarllii    Gasper  531     S  6 

Do.                 west do.                   373  13  2 


In  the  tax  on  pleaaurablo  carriages,  1T8E. 

John  Baker.  Esq.  Dr.  to  aasesamentB  ot  tases. 

Received  from  HUndrles  per  laat  account £381  12  10 


PHILADELPHIA  CODNTT.  371 

Id  Ui«  Hilitla  fines. 

John  Balrer,  Esq.  treasurer,  Dr. 

To  amount  received  per  last  account         882    1    9 

To  WUliam  Henry,  E^aq.  Lieutenaat  of  the  citr  and  liberties. 

ItoceWed  from  Bundry  collectors  of  the  mlUtla 
Rnes,  in  the  city  and  liberties,  from  23d  July 
1787,  loS8tli  Marcli  1788 481  14    9 

£1363  16    6 

Contra  Cr, 

By  sDudriee  credited  last  account 270    8    7 

By  David  Rlttenbouee,  Esq.  treasurer. 

Paid  Mm  on  account  of. fines,  July 

30th,  1787 600    0    0 

Do.  do.  April  12th,  1788      190    0    0 

690    0    0 

Balance  dn»  by  J.  B 403    7  11 

1363  16    6 

Balance  account.  Dr.  to  John'  Baker. 

For  balance  due  him  on  tax  of  1786,  378  0  7 
Do.  do.  1787,       656  13     8 

933  14    3 

Balance  due  by  J.  B 19  18    1 


Contra  Cr. 

By  balance  due  from  him  on  carriage 

tax  of  1786 396  4    3 

Do.  1787 165  0    2 

Do.  Militia  fines 403  7  11 


Examined  and  settled  the  foregoing  account, 

JOHN  NICHOLSON. 


ACCOUNTS    OP    TREABURER3, 


State  oF  the  Accounts  ol  JOHN  BAKER,  Baq.  Treasurer  of  tiis 
Cliy  and  County  of  Philadelphia,  from  April  till  December, 
I7S8,  inclusive. 

la  the  tunillng  tax  ot  1786. 

Johu  Baker,  Esq.  treasurer,  Dr.  to  as»i!Rsmeuts  of  taxes. 

FiK"  balances  due  (rom  coUectCkrs  at  last  settle- 
ment          &0G2     6     * 

Contra  Cr. 
Balance  overpaid  taat  setlletnent a7S    0     7 

By  aaseaaments  ol  taiea. 

For  balances  outBtandiog  from  callectors,  vii. 

New  Market  ward 642     3     0 

Dock                       do 02  19     2 

Soutii                    do ;  98    5  10 

Middle,    182  15    1 


PHILADELPHIA  CODNTY. 


In  the  funding  Ux  i(  1787. 
John  BakOT,  Esq.  treasurer,  Dr.  to  assessmants  ot  taiee. 


Contra  Cr. 

Balance  at  last  settlement 

ABseoBcnentB  of  taxes. 


PKli  David  Hit  ten  house,  Esq.  Treas- 
urer, Jane  2lBt,  1788,   1075  15     1 

Do.      do.  Sept.  Uth,  do.  . ." 1587  15. 10 


Balances  due  from  delinquent  collectors. 

New  Uarket  ward 639  12    8 

Dock  ward 97  19    9 

South 136    7    9 

Middle.   284  18    7 

Cheanut 231  16  11 

Walnut 159    4    6 

Lower  Delaware 155    2  11 

Upper     do.     155    3    0 

High-street 207  12    9 

North 188  18  11 

South  Mulberry 37S  12    2 

NOTth    do 122  13    8 

Blockley   township 109     8    1 

Bristol 84    i    0 

Byberry 19  18    2 

Oermantown 286    0  11 

Kingaeaaing 62  10  11 

Lower  Dublin 201  19  U 

Hoyameneing 162  11    0 

Mweland 21  13    3 

Bast  northern  liberties 549  12    8 

West      do 680  18    3 

Oxford 263    9    2 

Paaayunk 2110    K 

Boxbury,   40  11    6 

Carried  over 5260  12    1       3219    4    7 


371  ACOODNT3    OP"    TREASURERS. 

Brought  forward 6260  12    1        3218    4 

Southwark  east 276     4     G 

Do.  west 273  13    2 

— B81U     9 

Paid  pensioners  from  May  to  Dec.  ITSS,  per  ac- 
counts received 295  17 


In  th«  funding  tax  of  ITSS. 
John  Baker,  Esq.  treasurer.  Dr.  to  asBesameiits  of  taxes. 


Coni-r 

By  AsBesBmeoU  of  taxes. 


PHILADELPHIA  CODNTT. 

Brousht  forward 6039    0    3 

North 1275  19  10 

South  Hulbwry  ward Ilea    1  11 

Nortli 821  16    7 

Blockley  towDBhlp 260  11    2 

Bristol 278    0    7 

Byborry,  168    fl    4 

German  town 720    4    3 

KlngauBlng,  36S  10    3 

Lower  Dublin.  422  19  10 

Horamensing,    329    9  10 

Iforeland 106  14    4 

East  northern  liberties 13&1  10    8 

Weft     do.              do.       997  13    « 

Oxford 391  19    7 

Paaayn&k 416  10    0 

Hozbarough 211  14    7 

Bast  Southwark 798  13    B 

WflBt         do.          471  12    4 


In  tha  taxes  on  pleasurable  carrlaKes  lor  1786. 

John  Baker,  Esq.  Dr.  to  balance  of  last  account,         391 

To  assessments  of  taxes. 

Received  from  Godfrey  Bock  lus.Rox- 

borough 7  10    0 

Do.  Frederick  Castor,  Oxford 8    6    9 


Balance  due  b?  J.  B.  . 


In  the  taxes  on  pleasurable  carrtages  for  1787. 
John  Baker,  Esq.  treasurer,  Ifr. 
To  balance  of  last  account iSi 


ACCOUNTS    OP    IRBASURBRS. 


Ill  Ui«  WUtla  flnea. 

John  Baker,  Esq.  Irerisitrer,  Dr. 

To  balance  o(  laat  account, 403    7  U 

To  William  Henry,  Esq.  Lieut,  city,  &c. 
Recelvel  from  sunilrlea  oF  Me  <ollecIore,  per  bc' 

count  from  April  12tli,  till  2(Hli  uec.  1788 S67    7    1 

To  William  Coats,  Esq.  LleuL  Philadelphia  county. 
Received  per  Jacob  Connoly,  for  D.  Biles,  Aug. 
Both,  1788 9    0    0 

127S  15     0 
Balance  overpaid 484    7    7 

1764     2     7 


By  David  RitleohouBe,  EeMj. 

1  him  on  account,  June  21,  17S8, 

do.  do.  3011] 

do.  Sept-  11  Ih,  .. 


FUILADBLPHIA  COUNTY.  377 

Stale  of  tlie  Accounts  of  John  Baker.  Esq.  Treasurer,  Pb[lade1- 
pbia  city  and  county,  from  December  29th.  1TS8,  till  De- 
cember Ist,  1789. 

In  the  funding  tax  ot  17S6. 
John  Baker,  Eisq.  Dr. 

To  halancs  last  aettlemwt tiS6    6    3 

To  a3Be£LBmenta  ol  taxes. 
For  the  balance  outstanding  last  8et:lement 4198    0    G 

4684     5    9 
Contra  Cr. 

By  ASBessments  of  taxes. 
Paid  sundry  pensioners,  widows  and  children  of 
officers,  who  died  In  actual  service  In  the  army 
and  navy,  from  30th  January,  till  29th  July, 


Balances  due  from  delinquent  collectors,  viz. 

New  Market  ward Jas,  Eowan.col.  642    3    0 

Dock  do Natha'l  Donnel    62  19    2 

Souiib do.  98    G  10 

Middle Joseph  Stiles  .  182  15    I 

GbesnQt,  John  Phlle  ...     30  17  10 

Walnut do.  21  13  11 

Lower  Delaware.  do.  37    1    3 

Upper  Delaware Joseph  Stiles  .  177  IE    5 

Hlgi-street do.  169  12     3 

North Lewis    Bidding  409    8    9 

West  Mulberry Tliomns  Fisher  148    7  11 

Blockley,  township.   David  Jones  ..     33     S  10 

Bristol Jesse  Kirk    ...      062 

Byberry, John  Stevens  ,     14  11    2 

Oormantown Samuel    Bldaes    B5  17    0 

KlnRseasliiK.  John  Roblnaoa  161  16    6 

Lower  Dublin Joaiah   Mail^ck    79  13    4 

Moyamenslng Elisha  Parktr     129     1     1 

Moreland Isaac  Staata  . .     75    3    0 

East  Northern  Liberties,    1st   part  Al. 
»-*■                                        Shylock   ....     88    3    7 
Do.                   do.                2d  part  Z.  An- 
dreas    170  13    4 

West  do.  do.  394  IS    5 

Southwark  east John  Hunter  .  188    4    4 

Do.  west do.  166    4    0 

Balance  due  by  J.  B 


Goatra  Cr. 

'  balance  Inst  settlement,   


By  ftsaeeamenta  ol  taxes. 

Paid  David  Rlttenhouw.  Esq.  Treaa- 
urer.  April  30th,  ITSB 302  H 

For  Monerfttlons  made  by  the  com- 
mlaslonera  from  tlie  duplica.tea  ot 
Byberry  township 11 


Per  hdlances   due    from    dellnqm-'iit 
collectors,  Tli. 

New  Market  ward Geo.  H*yi.  col.  292  19    1 

Dock  do Jacob  Hull   ...     97  19    9 

BouiOi James  Walklna  186    7    9 

Middle Joaepb  Stilos      2S4  18     7 

Chesnnt,  Thomaa  Fisher  161  16  U 

Wulimt do.  .15     4     B 

Lower  Delaware do.  IBB    2  11 

Upper  Delaware Joseph  StUea  .  IHfi    Jt    " 

■^'Uh-slreet do.  207  13 

North James  Watklna  188  IS 

Souih  Mtilberry ..Thomaa  Fisher  276  12 

North  Mulberry.  ...... ..Jacob  Hull   ...  122  13 

Dlockley.  township David  Saldrlck    88    0 

DrUtnl     Henrv    YOUDK.      «U 


0     J 

ij 


PHILADELPHIA  COUNTY.  379 

BrooKht  toTward 4356    0    i 

East  3ontbwBrk Martin  Cabper    166    4    6 

West  do.  do.  273  13    2 

4796  18    0 
Balance  due  by  J.  B 941    9  11 

5S10    9     9 


In  the  funding  tai  of  1788. 

John  Baker,  Esq.  Treasurer,  I>r.  to  aasMiHinen'ta  of  taxes! 

For  the  balances  outstanding  at  last  settlement,      16682  12    3 
Balance  dne  to  J.  B 262  12    6 

1683S    4    8 
Contra  Cr. 

B7  balance  last  settlement, 926    4    1 

By  asaeeBtnents  or  taiea. 

Paid  David  Rittenbouse,  Esq.  Treaa- 

orer,  January  26tb,  1789,  736  3  9 

Tta.  do.     Feb.  7tb.  245  13  2 

Do.  do.     do.  26th 765  2  4 

Do.  do.     March  23d.  1109  9  0 

Do.  do.     do.  30th,   12111  9 

Do.  do.     May  i:ith 806  16  1 

Do.  do.     June  6tb 289  9  6 

Do.  do.     July  7th 974  17  10 

Do.  do.     do.  22d 169  17  6 

■  Do.  do.     Sept  25th 1S2  2  10 

Do.  do.     do.  23d 338  14  0 

Do.  do.     do.  30th 477  7  6 

Do.  do.     Nov.  10th 983  9  3 

7279  13     G 

Balances  due  from  delinquent  cotlectors,  viz. 

New  Market  ward Jacob  Hull.col.  272  IS    4 

Dock  do do.  293    9    7 

SouCb Joseph  Silica  ,  471  16    2 

■  Middle do.  490    0  10 

Cliesnnt,  Thomas  Fisher  166  17    6 

Walnut, do.  278  12    0 

Carried  forward 1962  13    6    8204  17    7 


North  Mulberry Jacab Ernzcllcr  ."'lU   1."^     7 

Blockloy,  township Richard    Crane  171     2  11 

Brisiol Henry  Young  .   144     0     7 

Byberry B.  Worthlngton     80  18     0 

Gormantown Christian  Duoy  381  16    9 

Kingsossinp: Mafw   Huston     217     0     :? 

Lower  Duhliii lacol)    Dnflicld.   .".k:.     7  In 

Mc'vamensing,    J.    Titterniary     2»;i)     0     0 

Moreland Bdwai'd  Swift      68  17  10 

East  Northern  Liberties,  Thos.  Hamilton  459  13  10 
West  do.  Wm.  Graham     660    4    6 

Oxford,  John  Keen   ...  351    4    7 

Passyunk Ellsha  Parker    274  11    6 

Roxborough John  Righter  .  143    5    7 

Southwark  east John  Hunter   .  587  10  11 

Do.  west, do.  471  12    4 


8( 


£16^ 


In  the  funding  tax  of  1789. 

John  Baker,  Esq.  Treasurer,  Dr.  to  assessments 

F\)r  the  amount  of  the  duplicates,  £214 

Balance  due  by  J.  B IC 

231 


PHILADBLPHJA  COUNTY. 

BroosbL  forward 2891  IS    6 

Paid  DaTld  RltMnbouse,  Baq.  Treas- 
urer,                      Oct.  IGtli 92  1  11 

Do.               do.        do.  2gth 200  0    0 

Do.              do.       Nov.  lOtb,  49G  9    6 


Balances  due  from  collectors. 

Newmarket  ward,   Thomas  Mitchell 

collector  ....1581  11  8 

Dock                   do Wm.  Penrer  ..1218  14  6 

South,                 do Richard    Spain  676  16  2 

Middle.               do do.               1044    4  3 

Chesaut,             do George  plsher    476    6  0 

Walnut,              -lo do.                 368    2  0 

Lower  Delaware  do do.                 622    2  7 

Upper  do.          a-> Richard  Spain    4&S  16  1 

Hlst>-Street,       dO; do.                  G64    8  10 

North                  ao Andrew  Cress- 
man  1678    6  4 

South  Hulber.-y  (to.    Natban  Cook  .1438    d  5 

North         do.      .10    OhriBt.  Baker     951  16  7 

Blockley  townshiD Henr;  Gamber    264    7  6 

Bristol,  SebaHt'n  Unruch  278    0  0 

Bjrberry Casper   Rhoads  225     2  4 

Oarmantown John  Lelbert  .  S82  14  6 

KlnksesBlng John  Leech    . .  287    0  0 

Lower  Dublin,  Joshua  Jones. .  423    0  0 

Horamenslng Philip  Young..  370    0  0 

Moreland Joshua  Comely  106  15  0 

Bast  North.  Uberties.  . . .  Thoa.   Brltton   1578     5  7 

West                 da.                  John  Soodn-  ..1483  12  0 

Oslord,  George  Caator, 

]UD 421    4  4 

Passyunk John  Lair  42S  18  6 

Roiborough Wi!Ilam  Holget  218    7  0 

Bast  Sontbwark Valentine  War  929  16  2 

West                 do.                  Robert  Clayton  471  12  4 


In  the  taxes  on  pleaaurable  carriages  tor  1786. 
er,  Dt. 


jjjxonerations  on  me  aupiicaies,  o: 
Bristol,  Passyunk  and  Roxborough, 
per  account,    14  10    0 


Contra  Cr. 

By  assessments  of  taxes. 

For  the  exonerations  aforesaid, 14  10    0 

Balance  due  by  J.  B 433    5    0 


For  1787. 

John  Baker,  Esq.  treasurer,  Dr. 
To  balance  of  last  account 

To  assessments  of  taxes. 

Received  from  Jos.  Stiles,  collector. 

Middle  ward,   156    9  6 

Jacob  Wilson,  Blockley,   10    4  9 

John  Hannecker,  Passyunk 17  14  9 


Exonerated  by  the  commissioners  from  the  du- 
plicate of  Byberry  township,   


Contra  Cr. 

By  assessments  of  taxes. 

For  the  exonerations  aforesaid 1  10    0 

Balance  due  by  J.  B 339    9    2 


PHII.ADELPHIA  COUNTY.  383 

Brought  forward 211    t  2 

WUllam  Coats,  Esq.  Lieut.  Philadelpbia  county. 

Rooeived  trom  lits  collectors.  Nov.  ITth  and  Z5tti, 

1789,    Z2U  U 

Balance  duo  by  J.  B 250    9  6 

484    7  7 

Contra  Cr. 

By  balance  last  account 484    7  7 

Balance  Account. 

Dr.  John  Baker,  Esq.  treasurer. 

In  the  funding  tax  oC  17S6        page  25 701  17  0 

In              do.                  1787                27,  941    8  Jl 

In  tbe  carriage  tax  ol  ITSG                30 433    5  0 

In                do.                    1787                  30 339    9  2 

2416    1  1 

Cr. 

In  the  funding  tax  of  17S8       page  27 262  12  6 

In              do.                  1789                28 1651    2  10 

In  the  militia  flnea.                          31.  2G0    9  6 

"         0  due  by  J.  B 2S1  16  4 

£2416     1  1 


Examined  and  settled, 

JOHN  NICHOLSON. 


(384) 


/ 


REPORT 


OF  THB 


AUDITORS  OF  PUBLIC  ACCOUNTS 


OF  THB 


Commissioners  and  Treasurers 


OF  THB 


COUNTY  OF  LANCASTER. 


1782-1792. 


26-7-3d  Ser.  (385) 


(386) 


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(387) 


REPORT 
AUDITORS  OF  PUBLIC  ACCOUNTS 

Commissioners  and  Treasurers 


COUNTY  OF  LANCASTER. 


1702-1792. 


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422  ACCOUNTS   OP  AUDITORS. 


TO  THE  PRESIDENT.  AND  THE  ASSISTANT  JUDGES.  OF 
THE  COURT  OF  COMMON-PLEAS,  IN  AND  FOR  THE 
COUNTY  OF  LANCASTER. 

The  Auditors  appointed  by  the  Court  under  the  Act  of  Assem- 
bly, to  audit  and  settle  the  PUBLIC  ACCOUNTS,  of  the 
Commissioners  and  Treasurers,  of  said  County— 'beg  leave  to 
submit  the  following  Report;  with  a  Statement  of  the  Ac- 
counts of  the  late  Treasurer  WILLIAM  HENRY,  Esquire, 
deceased. 

UPON  examining  the  books  of  the  Commissioners,  we  found 
by  the  entries  therein,  that  the  justices  and  grand  juries,  had 
examined  the  treasurer's  accounts,  up  to  August  term,  1788,  but 
had  not  struck  a  balance  since  the  settlement  of  the  8th  of 
August,  1782;  at  which  period  we  conceived  it  incumbent  on  us 
to  commence  the  present  account. 

The  cause  that  prevented  the  justices  and  grand  juries  from 
fixing  a  balance  at  any  of  the  subsequent  settlements,  was 
probably  this:  In  the  assessment  of  1782,  the  commissioners 
had  blended  the  county  with  the  state  tax. 

The  quota  of  the  county  of  Lancaster,  for  that  year,  was  fifty- 
nine  thousand  eight  hundred  and  thirty-four  pounds  ten  shill- 
ings. To  raise  which  sum,  and  also  a  county  tax,  the  commis- 
sioners assessed  the  oounty,  sixty-six  thousand  six  hundred 
and  sixty-three  pounds  nineteen  shillings  and  two  pence,  of 
which  they  allotted  one  eleventh  part  for  the  county's  use.* 

Expecting  that  the  coui^ty  tax  would  be  productive,  they  drew 
upon  their  treasurer,  to  the  amount  of  upwards  of  five  thou- 
sand pounds,  the  drafts  directing  the  treasurer  to  pay  out  of 
that  particular  fund. 

By  the  treasurer's  accounts  it  appears,  there  has  been  fifty- 
two  thousand  seven  hundred  and  eight  pounds  fifteen  shillings 
and  seven  pence  farthing,  received  by  him  of  that  assessment, 
which  is  seven  thousand  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  pounds 
fourteen  shillings  and  four  pence  three  farthings,  less  than  the 
quota  due  from  the  county  to  the  state. 

The  predicament  In  which  this  tax  stood,  made  it  extremely 
difficult  for  us  to  proceed. 

By  a  division  of  the  tax,  agreeably  to  the  intention  <^  the 
commissioners,  the  balance  against  the  county  would  have  been 
much  reduced;  on  the  contrary,  by  considering  the  whole  sum 
received  by  the  treasurer,  as  applicable  only  to  the  payment 
of  the  quota,  the  county's  debt  to  the  treasurer  would  be 
equally  augmented. 

In  the  first  case,  the  county's  deficiency  in  its  quota  of  1782, 
would  be  increased,  in  proportion  to  the  reduction  of  the  bal- 
ance, and  in  the  latter,  the  deficiency  of  the  quota  would  be 
diminished  in  the  same  proportion,  because  the  trifiing  balance 
due  by  the  treasurer  to  the  county,  at  the  settlement  in  August, 
1782,  and  the  county  levies  of  1785,  and  1786,  were  all  the  county 
stock  the  treasurer  had,  wherewith  to  pay  orders  drawn  upon 
him,  to  the  amount  of  fourteen  thoudand  one  hundred  and 
eighty-seven  pounds  and  six  pence;  consequently  that  sum  was 
made  up  out  of  the  state  taxes. 


•^» 


I.A.NCASTER   COHNTT.  433 

In  tlilB  dilemma  we  concluded  to  take  the  opinion  at  two 
Kontlemen  of  legal  knowledge  on  ttUs  eubject;  and  also  to  boIto 
Bome  doubta  and  dlfllcultles  oF  leas  importance. 

The  gmiUemeo  conaulted.  concurred  In  opinion,  that  no  dlvl- 
■Ion  of  tbe  aBBesBment  of  17S2,  ought  to  take  place,  while  the 
quota  of  the  county  of  that  year,  waa  unpaid;  upon  which 
ground  thlB  account  1b  stated.  The  opinion  which  tbote  gentle- 
men have  gave,  haa  occasioned  an  expence,  which  we  truat  the 
coort  will  consider  as  incidental,  and  direct  the  treasurer  of 
the  county  to  pay. 

We  wish  to  remark,  that  tbe  balance  due  to  the  treasurer  Is 
considerably  Increased,  by  crediting  him  with  the  expencea  In- 
curred  In  the  collection  of  the  supplies  for  1782,  and  1783. 

The  lawB  passed  for  raising  those  taxes,  have  directed,  that 
all  expencoe  arising  from  the  assessing  and  collecting  the  same, 
shall  be  paid  out  of  the  county  ra'.es  and  tevlee.  In  addition 
to  this,  (to  which)  tbe  funding  law  of  1T8&,  directH,  that  the 
count]'  treasurer  shall  receive  out  of  the  same  fund,  for  all 
monies  by  him  received,  and  paid  Into  the  state  treasur]',  two 
dollara  for  ererj  hundred  pounds. 

It  appears  by  most  of  the  deficient  orders,  tor  Beveral  years 
past,  that  large  srrearageB  of  taxes  are  due  on  many  tracts  of 
unseated  lands,  lying  In  Ibis,  and  la  the  county  of  Dauphin, 
prtarto  the  division  of  the  county,  which  ought  to  be  paid. 

We  apprehend  it  to  be  the  duty  ot  tbe  commlMloners  to  aa- 
eertaln  the  taxes  due  on  each  tract,  in  both  countlea.  In  tbe 
rears  1781,  1782,  and  1783,  and  Inforce  the  payment  thereof, 

Thn^  Is  no  doubt  with  ub,  but  a  considerable  sum  might  be 
eoliected  from  the  owners  of  Buch  lands;  for  to  our  certain 
knowledge,  many  of  them  live  in  tUe  county,  and  are  men  of 
considerable  property.  (A  hint  ot  this  kind  trtna  the  court  to 
the  commissi  oners,  may  have  a  good  effect.) 

We  hope,  that  It  will  be  observed,  that  the  reasons  advanced 
In  OUT  report,  annexed  to  the  account  of  George  Qraff,  esq.  of 
the  advantages  which  would  arise  from  a  publication  of  them, 
are  equally  applicable  to  this.  In  addition  to  printing  the  ac- 
oouuta,  we  think.  It  tbe  deflclent  orders  of  tbe  state  taxes,  par- 
ticularly those  ot  17S2,  and  1TS3,  were  printed  and  annexed 
thereto,  the  community  would  derive  very  salutary  effects  from 
It;  which  would  more  than  compensate  the  expenca  The  publi- 
cation would  at  least  shew,  why  those  large  taxes  were  not  pro- 
ductive. It  also  might  be  the  means  of  correcting  mistakes, 
made  In  the  settlement  of  tbe  respective  collectors  duplicates. 

An  Instance  of  tbte,  we  experienced,  one  deflclent  order  ac- 
cidentally pointed  out  to  us,  by  which  an  error  of  the  collector 
of  five  pounds  sixteen  Bhllllngs  and  eight  pence,  In  the  state 
tax  of  1782,  was  rectified,  In  favour  of  tht,  county. 

By  tbe  balance-sheet  It  appears  there  Is  a  sum  of  nine  thou- 
sand two  hundred  and  fifty-eight  pounds  nineteen  sbilllDgs 
and  one  penny,  in  specie,  due  by  tbe  county,  to  the  estate  ot 
William  Henry,  esq.  lata  treasurer,  deceased.  And  that  there 
Is  the  sum  of  one  hundred  and  eighteen  pounds  twelve  sbllllngs 
and  ten  pence  halfpenny,  In  state  money,  due  to  the  county  by 
the  said  estate;  besides  the  sum  of  one  thousand  and  sixty- 
three  pounds  six  ahllllngs  and  five  pence  farthing,  said  to  be 
outstanding  of  the  county  taiea,  ot  1T8&,  und  1786. 


424  ACCOUNTS   OP   AUDITORS. 

Upon  the  whole,  we  are  confident,  that  no  care  or  attention 
has  been  warning  with  us,  to  render  all  the  accounts  as  perfect 
as  we  were  able. 

We  considered  it  as  a  business  of  importance,  and  found  it  a 
work  of  magnitude.  The  court  will  best  Judge,  how  far  we 
have  discharged  the  confidence  and  trust  reposed  in  us.  All 
which  is  submitted  to  inspection,  by 

SAMUEL  TURBETT, 

NATHANIEL  ELLMAKER.  V    Auditors. 

WILLIAM  WEBB, 

Lancaster,  23d  May,  1792. 


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TO  THB  PRESIDENT,  AND  ASSOCIATE  JUDGES,  OF  THE 
COURT  OF  COMMON-PLEAS,  IN  AND  FOR  THE  COUNTY 
OF  LANCASTER. 

The  Auditors  appointed  by  the  Court  under  the  Act  of  Aasem- 
bly,  to  audit  ajid  settle  the  PUBLIC  ACCOUNTS,  of  the  Com- 
nUBstoners  and  Treasurers  of  the  said  County — beg  leave  to 
REPORT  the  within  Statement  of  the  Accounts  between  the 
County  of  Lancaster,  and  the  present  Treasurer,  GEORGE 
GRAJ^FF,  Esquire. 

WB  apprehend  the  court  will  obtain  every  requisite  Informa- 
tion from  an  Inspection  of  the  seTeral  parts  of  the  w.lthin  ac- 
count; therefore  deem  any  additional  remarks  unnecessary. 

We  beg  leave  to  suggest,  that  it  Is  our  unanimous  opinion, 
that  advantages  of  a  permanent  nature,  wiMild  arise  to  the  peo- 
ple of  the  county  at  large,  nnd  which  we  presume  will  appear 
obvious  to  the  court  from  prinilng  this  account,  and  the  others, 
u  they  may  be  severally  rendered  and  reported. 

And  that  a  publication  In  print,  would  afford  satisfaction  to 
tbe  taxahle  Inhatdtants  of  the  county,  who  are  materially  in- 
terested In  the  appropriation  of  tbe  monies  levied  upon  them; 
and  would  therefore  have  a  tendency  to  convince  their  minds, 
that  their  money  was  appropriated  and  appUed  In  form  and 
manner  as  within  stated. 

We  therefwe  wish  the  sanction  of  the  court,  on  this  Im- 
portant point,  because  the  court  will  finally  Judge  upon  the 
re&aonablenese  of  such  incidental  charges  and  eipence,  aa  will 
arise  from  the  printing  of  those  accounts,  or  from  the  execu- 
tion of  the  powers  vested  in  the  auditors  by  law. 

Upon  the  whole,  you  will  observe  by  the  account  current 
herewith  stated,  that  there  Is  a  balance  ol  seven  teen' hundred 
and  twenty  pounds  eleven  shllllogs  and  eight  pence  halfpenny, 
due  by  the  present  treasurer,  George  Graefl,  esquire,  to  the 
county;  besides  the  sum  of  three  thousand  three  hundred  and 
ninety-one  pounds  ten  shillings  and  eight  pence,  said  to  be 
outstanding  in  the  taxes  of  the  years  ITSS,  1789,  1T90,  and  1791. 

SAMUEL  TURBETIT,  ■» 

NATHANIEL  DLLMAKBHl,    I    Auditors. 
WILLIAM  WEBB,  ) 


Lancaster,  29th  May,  1792. 


^ 


STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS 

William   Perry,    Esquire, 

LATE-TREASURER 
WESTMORELAND  COUNTY. 


178J-1788. 


ACCOUNTS  OP  THE  TAXES  OF  WESTMORELAND 
CX)UNTY. 

THE  seventeentb,  elgbteenth  and  nineteeDth,  ISd,  proTinclel 
taxes.  The  five  ahilllng  tax,  the  5  million.  15  million,  45  mil- 
lion and  the  flrst  and  second  elgbt  monthlf  taxes  are  es<m- 
erated  to  the  inhatkitaota  of  said  county,  In  tbe  agreement  wRh 
tbe  state  of  Vlrsinia  lespectiag  disputed  boundaries,  none  of 
tbe  aforesaid  taxes  were  assessed,  except  tha>t  tbe  provincial 
taxes  may  have  been  laid,  Jn  wblch  case  little  If  aay  was  col- 
lected thereof;  and  In  1TS6,  when  I  was  directed  by  law  to  set- 
tle the  accounts  of  taxes,  I  Fouad  It  impossible  to  obtain  a 
■tatement  or  account  thereof,  if  they  ever  were  assessed,  be- 
cause of  the  graat  lapse  nf  time  and  the  confusioo  which  bad 
Intervened  in  that  county  by  the  In<llan  wars. 

The  first  and  second  class  taxes,  the  first  and  second  sinking 
fund  taxes,  ibe  effective  supplies  of  17S1.  the  additional  sup- 
plies, of  17S1,  and  the  supplies  of  1TS2,  have  never  been  as- 
sessed In  this  county,  the  commissioners  conceiving  It  better 
to  excuse  the  people  from  the  payment  thereof,  under  the 
pow^  given  them  by  law  tor  the  relief  of  the  frontiers  than  to 
Incurr  the  expence  of  laying  and  assessing,  and  afterwards 
exonerating  them.  The  commlsaloneis  further  represent,  that 
In  most  of  the  townships  it  would  have  been  Impracticable  In 
those  times  to  have  made  returns  of  the  property. 

State  of  the  Accounts  of  WIIXIAU  PERRY,  Esq.  late  Treasurer 
Westmoreland  County,  till  ZOth  March,  1788. 

In  the  Supplies  of  1783, 
William  Perry,  Esq  Treasurer, 

Dr.  to  Assessments  of  taxes. 
F<»'  the  amount  of  the  assessments £5048  16    6 


B  made  by  the  commissioners  in 
pursuance  of  the  acts  for  relief  of  those  suffer- 
ing on  the  frontiers 

Paid  David  Rlttenhouse,Esq.treas.Ju1y  23d,17S4, 

Paid  tbe  following  pensioners,  viz. 

The  widow  of  Capt.  Samuel  Miller.. .     £131    0  0 

Ditto,     of  Capt.  Montgomery 140  10  0 

Ditto,    .              ditto,                   ....        59    4  3 

John  Jacks  a  disabled  pensioner.     . .        50    0  0 

Jeremiah  Gullen,    ditto,  157  10  0 


William  Nelson,  five  quarters, 28    2  6 

Ditto.          to  20th  Aug.  1787 12    0  0 

William  Donalin,    138    0  0 

Ditto,                 4  orders 36    0  0 

John  Jordan,    22  10  0 

Ditto 5  12  6 

Ditto,  from  Octo.  1784  till   May  178G.  iif)  10  3 

Ditto,  till  1st  September,  1787, 29  16  3 

William  Tegard,  till  28th  Feb.  1785,  21  10  6 

Ditto,  two  years 46    0  0 

Ditto,  till  12th  May,  1788, 26    2  6 

Nicholas  Cuddy,  till  31st  January,  1782,  60    9  0 
Jeremiah  Gullen  July  1st,  till  Oct.  1st, 

1786,  6  12  6 

Ditto,  Jan.  1st,  till  let  April, 6  12  6 

Ditto,  April  1st,  till  Ist  July, 6  12  6 

Captain  Matthew  Jack,  two  quarters,  80    0  0 


Paid  for  servants  inlisted  in  the  Pennsylvania 

William  MoCarmick,for  JohnBayley,        £6    0  10 

David  Semple 6  16    0 

Heirs  of  John  Kyle, 4    8    0 


County  Treasurers  commissions  on  £2199  2  10 

at  7s  6  

Paid  for  administering  the  oath  of 
allegiance  per  act  June  1777,  Sun- 
dries for  813  Inhabitants, 16  6    2 

Ditto 4  9  11 

For  recording,  ditto 1  2    4 


WBSTMOBBI^AND  COUNTY.  4S3 

State  of  tbe  AccounU  of  WILLIAM  PEJRRY,  Esq.  late  Treasurer 
ol  WMtmoreland  Countr,  In  the  supplies  of  1783.    continued. 
Contra  Cr. 
BrAeaesBmentsof  Taxes,  brot.frarw.      £3422    3    3 
Balances  due  from  delinquent  coltectora,  vli, 

Philip  Jlnklns,  SprlDghlll £S3    6    1 

Peter  Light,  South  disLrlct  ot  Hunt- 
ingdon         23  18  11 

Joseph  Budd,  Lower  ditto,  T  19    3 

Benjamin  Davia,  Franklin 2G6  13    1 

Henry  Beeson,  Manallen 315    4    9 

686    2    1 

Balance  due  by  W.  P. S40  10    2 

e04S  16    6 


In  the  Funding  Tax  1785. 
William  FeiT7,  Eeq.  Treasurer, 

Dr.  10  Assessments  of  taxes. 

For  tbe  amount  of  the  duplicates,  £895 

Supra  Cr. 
By  assessments  at  taxes. 
Paid  David  RMten  bouse,  Esq.  Treas. 

Mar.  2Eth,  1786,       £232    2    0 

Ditto Jan.  9lh.  17S8,  ..        13    8    0 

Do.  per  nonresidents  a  moletr  of  £471- 

7    4  paid  lor  1785  and  1786 235  13     g 

481 

Balances  due  from  delinquent  collectors,  viz, 

Charles  Harra,  Rostraver 57    0  10 

Jacob  Caaselman,  Pitt 60  15    2 

J.  Johnstone,  south  district  ot  Hunt- 
ingdon   17  12    7 

James  Carnahan,   North   do 32    111 

John  Mauser,  south  So.  Hempfleld,  ..  t(     3     0 

James  Hunter,  Hountpleasant,  36  14    4 

Arthur  Damlston,  Derry,  68  10    g 

Thomas  Reed,  Armstrong 7  10    0 

James  Mc  Dowel!.  Donnegal 32    1  11 

321  10    6 
Deduct, paid  thereout  Df  nonresidents,      235  13    8 

85  li 

Balance  due  br  W.  P 328    i 


895    S  11 


For  the  amount  of  the  duplicates 

Supra  Cr. 

By  Assessments  of  Taxes. 

}*ai(l  David  Rittenhouse.  Esq.  Tr^as. 

Mar.  14th,  1786 £8  12     b% 

Ditto, Dec.  14th 2     7  10 

Ditto, Sep.  2l8t.  1787. 331    1    7 

Ditto, Mar.  28th,  1788 26    6    0 


Paid  by  non  residents  a  mt>iety  of  £471  7    4 

Balances  due  from  delinquent  collectors,  viz. 

Walter  Wall,  Rostraver £99  19    OMi 

Charles  Duke.  Pitt 99  14  10V4 

Ben.  Gilbert,  North  dis.  of  Hunting- 
ton,    18  17    6 

George  Swan,  South  do 23    1    2 

John  Hart.  North,  do.  Hempfield,  . .  12    2    7 

Philip  Smith,  South,  do 38  10    2 

Christopher  Lovengure,  Mt.  Pleasant,  66  17    7 

John  McOrady,  Dorry,  49    7    7% 

Robert  Crawford,  Donegal  township,  12  15  11 V^ 

William  Piper,  Fairfield 13    6    6 

William  Bracken,  Wheatfleld,  2  16  11% 

Samuel  Dixon,  Armstrong 36    6    1 


463  16    Ohi 
Deduct  paid  thereof  by  non  residents,      235  13    8 

2 

Balance  due  by  W.  P 


WESTMORELAND  COONTT. 


SUta  of  tba  AccounU  of  WILUAM  PSRRT.Baq.late  Treasurer 
of  WestmorelaiidCouiit7,lDtheFunillDt,Uzotl7S7.  cantlmied 


Balances  due  Irom  delinquent  collectora,  vIe. 

William  Waaon,  Armstrong. 177    2  IIH 

Luellen  Howe:i.  Roatrayer 40    0    0 

Richard  Antis,  Pitt 60    7    5 

Hanover  Davis,  HempBeld,  54     2     9 

Samuel  Peoples,  MountpleaBiint 70  14  lOU 

Wm.  Newell,  soutti  district  of  Hunt- 
ington   41  18    4 

Benjamin  Laird,  North  do 47  13    0 

Andrew  Steward,  Dwry 38    1    SVi 

William  Kerr,  Salem 1''  12  10 

Ebenezer  Coe,  Frankiln, IG  ID    3 

Jamea  Campbell,  Sen.  Donnegal 15    4    S 

Chariea  Clifford,  Falrfleli;, 17    1    1 

James  Clark,  Wheatfleld 4    0    i 

G99  10    7U 
Deduct  paid  state  treasurer  by  noa 

reeldenta, 170    8    3 

4 

Balance  due  by  W.  P J 


In  the  Funding  Tax  1788. 
Wilillam  Perry,  Esq.  Treasurer, 

Dr.   to  AaaeBsmentB  of  taxea. 
FV>r  the  amount  of  tbe  aaaeasments £732 


Supra  Cr. 

Paid  David  Rlttenbouse,  Esq.  Treas.  by  non  resi- 
dents  

Balances  due  from  deUnquents 732    8    7 

Deduct   received   taxes  of   unseated 
lands 32  12    9 


..ja„ruaa,n,T«1785, 328     8     ii 

"87 260     7     4% 

1548     5     0% 

Accounts  of  Joseph  Cook.  Jun.   Treaaurer  ot  w« 

County,  UIl  22d  February,  ITBO. 

In  tha  Funding  T«  1788.  i 

Joaeph  Cook,  Esquire  Treasurer,  i 

Cr.  By  aasesBments  of  ti 

'^TSaf*^!''  "'"'""'''"'«'■   Esq.   Trerj,.  Oct.   Slat, 

In  the  Funding  Tax  1789. 
Joaeph  Oook,  Esquire  Treasurer, 

Dr.  to  AaseasnientB  of  taj 

Pot  the  amount  of  the  duplicatea 

Cr.  — 

By  AsBflssments  of  Taxes.  , 

Paid  DaTid  Rmenbouae.  Esq.  Treaa  I 

g..u., S..T.""-. «'s,»  J  ! 


STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS 

OF 

Ephraim  Douglas,  Esquire, 

TREASURER 
FAYETTE  COUNTY. 


1785-179°- 


STATE  OF  THE  ACCOXJNTS  OF  BPHRAIM  DOTJQI/AS,  ES- 
QUIRE. TREASURBR  OF  FAYBTTTB  COUNTY,  FROM 
1785,  TILL  1790. 

In  the  Funding  Tax  of  17S6. 

ESpbralm  Douglas,  Esq.  freaaurer. 

Dr.  to  AsBessmentB  of  taxes. 

at  [he  aBaesBmentB £793  11    4^ 


Supra  Cr. 
Bj  Aaaesaments  of  Taxes. 
Paid  David  Rlttenhonse,  Esq.  Treas. 

Feb.  10.  1786 £284  10    3 

Ditto, 20 392  19    6 

Ditto. 27 101    4    1 

Balance  due  from  the  Treasurer  and  Collectors, 


Id  the  Funding  Tax  1786. 
Ephralm  Douglas.  Esq.  Treasurer, 

Dr.  to  Assessmenta  ot  taxea. 
For  the  amount  of  IbA 


Supra  Cr. 
By  Aaseasmeuta  of  Taxes. 
Paid  Davia  Rittenhouse,  Esq.  Treas. 

Aug.  23.  1786 £389    fi  104 

Ditto, Nov.  18.  389    6  10^6 

—  ■  ■■     -  ■     -    £778  13 
Balance  outstanding 102  15 


In  the  Fund  Ids  Tax  1787, 

Bphraim  Douglao,  Baq.  Treaaurer. 

Dr.  to  ABsesBinenta  of  I 
For  tbs  amount  ot  the  aBiiessmenta 

Supra  Cr. 
By  ABBeaamenia  ot  TBxea. 
Paid  David  Rlltenlioiifle,  Esq.  Tri-ofi 

°'"'» Feb. 28. 1788..::::::  lu  I  t 

Balances  outstanding 77:  ' 


In  the  Funding  Tax  1788. 
Ephralm  Douglas,  Esq.  Treasurer, 

Dr.  lo  ABsessmeal 
For  the  amount  of  the  asaeaementa 


Supra  Cr. 
By  AaBesamentB  of  Taxes. 


FATBTTB   CODNTT.  461 

State  ol  the  Accounta  of  Bphralm  DouglaB,  'Esquire,  Treaaurer 
at  Fayette  County. 

In  the  Funding  Tax  of  17S9. 
BphraJm  Douglas,  Esq.  Treaaurw, 

Dr.'to  AsBoeBments  of  taxes. 
For  the  amount  of  the  asseBsmenta, £807  12    8% 


Supra  Cr. 
By  ABseBBinents  of  Taxes. 
Paid  Darld  RlttenbouBC,  Esq.  Treas. 

Sept  21,  1789 £83  18    2 

Ditto.  Nov.  7 399  14    2 

Paid     Christian     Feblger     Esquire, 

Feb.  17B0 39  14    3 

£S23    6    7 

Balance  outstanding,  284    6    1% 


Bxamlnsd  and  settled, 

JOHN  NICHOLSON. 


1ST  ATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS  OF  FEES 


SECRETARY  OF  THE 

Supreme  Executive  Council. 


1 786- 1 790. 


STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS  OP  FEES,  AG. 


Account  Ot  JOHN  ARMSTRONQ,  jun.  Esq.  from  the  2etli  Jun* 
tin  2&tb  September  17S6,  incluaWe. 

John  ArniBtroiiK.  Jun.  fusq.  Secretary,  Dr.  to  Sundries. 
EALANCE  due  at  last  settlement, 19    7    6 

Account  of  teee  received  in  the  office  of  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Supreme  Executive  Council 
Becelved  per  account,  from  26th  June  till  2&tti 
September  17S6,  IncluBive, 326  19    6 

£336    6  11 
Supra  Cr. 
Br  David  Rlttenhouee,  Esq.  Treasurer. 

Paid  blm,  October  2Gth,  17S6 £100    0    0 

Ditto,         November  7th,  do 22    0    0 

Ditto,         January  9tb,  17S7 6  12    6 

128  12    6 

Pay  of  Officers  of  Government  lor  1786. 
For  his  sBlary  one  quarter,  ending  the  25th  S^t. 
1786,  187  10    0 

Contingent  Bipences  of  Oovemment  tor  1186. 
Paid  for  Ink,  for  wafers,  ribbon,  sillc,  pasting  up 
proclamations,  and  for  Ghurchmao's  map  for 

tbe  Counoil 6    7    0 

Balance  due  by  J.  Armstrong .    13  17    6 

£336    6  11 


John  Armstrong,  Jun.  E^q.  Secretary,  Dr.  to  Sundries. 
Balance  ot  last  account £13  17 

Account  of  tees  received  In  the  office  of  the  Sec- 
retary of  Che  Supreme  Executive  Council 
Received  per  account  from  26th  September  till 
2Bth  December,  1789 332    9 

£346    7 
30--10--3d  Ser.  (465)         " 


466  ACCOUNTS  OP  SECRETARY  OP 

Supra  Gr. 

By  David  RUtenhousc,  Esq.  Treasurer. 

Paid  him  on  account,  Jan.  9th,  1787,    £105    0    0 
Ditto Pebruary    1st,         8  17    4 


113  17    4 


By  pay  of  Officers  of  Government  for  1787. 

Por  his  salary  for  one  quarter,  due  25th  Decem- 
ber, 1786      187  10    0 

By  contingent  ESxpences  of  Government  for  1787. 

Paid  for  parchment,  quills,  paper,  wafers,  ink,  re- 
pairing the  screw  press,  and  advertisements,  . .  20    2    2 
Balance  due  by  John  Armstrong, 24  17    6 


£346    7    0 


Account  of  JOHN  ARMSTRONG,  jun.  £2sq.  from  26th  Decem- 
ber 1786,  till  the  25th  March  1787,  inclusive. 

John  Armstrong,  jun.  Esq.  Secretary,  Dr.  to  Sundries. 
BALANCE  of  last  account, £24  17    6 

Account  of  fees  receiv€>d  in  the  office  of  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Supreme  Executive  Council 

Received  by  him  from  26th  Decemb<^r  1786,  till 
25th  March  1787,  inclusive,  per  account, 340  11    0 

Davdd  Rittenhouse,  Esq.  Treasurer. 

Received  of  him,  on  order  of  Council,  on  account, 
salary 125    0    0 


£490    8    6 


Supra  Cr. 

By  ©avid  Rittenhouse,  Esq.  Treasurer. 

Paid  him  on  account,  March  22d,  1787,      44    5  0 

Ditto, April  16th,  do.      160  12  1 

Ditto, July  12th,    do.        41    6  3 

Ditto, do.   17th     do.  8  16  2 


254  19    6 


By  pay  of  Officers  of  Government  for  1787. 
Por  his  salary  one  quarter,  ending  March  25,1787,         187  10    0 

By  contingent  Expences  of  Government  for  1787. 

Paid  for  wafers,  for  the  great  and  lesser  seal,  rib- 
bon, for  ink,  paper,  translating  letters,  printing, 
and  for  a  bible  and  Philosophical  Transactions 

for  the  use  of  Council 16  14    6 

Balance  due  by  John  Armstrong, 31    4    6 

£490    8    6 


SUPREME   EXECUTIVE   COUNCIL.  467 

Account  of  JOHN  ARMSTRONG,  }ud.  Enquire,  (ram  the  26tli  of 
March,  till  the  25tb  June  17S7.  lacluslve. 

John  ArmstroDK,  Jun.  Esq.  Secretary,  Dr.  to  Sundrlee. 

BALANOS  due  at  last  aettlemeat £31    4    6 

Acconitt  et  fees  received  in  the  ofBce  oi  the  Sec- 
retary or  the  Supreme  Executlre  Council 


Supra  Cr. 
By  David  Rlttenhouae,  Esq.  Treaaorer. 


By  i>ay  of  Officers  of  Government  for  17S7. 

For  blB  8alary,oiie  quarter,  en  dins  26tti  June  1787         187  10 

By  contingent  Eipences  of  Government  for  17S7. 

Paid  for  ribbon,  twine,  waters,  paper,  ink,  put- 
ting In  slasB  In  the  chamber  wlndon,  and  mov- 
ing a  screen S    4 

Balance  due  by  John  Armstrong 43  19 


Account  of  JOHN  ARMSTRONG,  Jun.  Eaq.  from  the  Z6th  June 
tin  25th  September  1787,  Inclusive. 

John  Armstrong,  Jun.  Eaq.  Secretary,  Dr.  to  Sundries. 
BALANCE  of  la»t  account £43  19    6 

Acconitt  of  fees  received  in  the  office  of  the  Sec' 
retary  of  the  Supreme  Executive  Council 

Becclved,  per  account,  from  26th  June  till  26th 
SeptMuber  1787,  inclusive.  30S  14  10 


By  pay  of  Offlceis  of  Government  for  1787. 

For  his  salary  for  one  quarter,  ending  25th  Sep- 
tember, 1787,  

By  contingent  Expences  of  Government  for  1' 

Paid  for  wafers,  and  for  repairing  a  chest 

Balance  due  by  John  Armstrong, 


Account  of  JOHN  ARMSTRONG,  Jun.  Bsq.  Secretar: 
preme  Executive  Council,  from  26th  September  ti 
ber  1787,  inclusive. 

John  Araifltrong,  Jun.  Eeq.  Dr.  to  Sundries. 
BALANCE  due  last  settlement,  

Account  of  fees  received  in  the  office  of  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Supreme  Executive  Council 

Received,  per  account,  from  26th  September  till 
22d  October,  1787,  inclusive, 

David  Rittenhouse,  Esq.  Treasurer. 

Received  of  him,  on  order  of  Council,  on  account, 
salary,  


Supra  Cr. 
Bv  David  Rittenhouse,  Esq.  Treasurer. 


SUPREME   EXECUTIVE   COUNCIL.  469 

Aocount  ot  CHARLES    BIDDLB,   EBg.   SecreUry.   Crom    Z3d 
October,  1T8T,  till  Z3d  January,  1788. 
Cbarles  Blddle,  Esq.  Secretary,  Dr. 
To  account  or  Fees  received  Jn  the  Office  o(  tlie 
Secretary  of  the  Supremo  BxecutlTo  Council. 
RECEIVED,  per  account,  Trom  23d  October  1787, 
tUl  23d  January  1788 £323  IS    0 

Supra  Cr. 
By  David  Rittenhouse,  Esq.  Treasurer. 
Paid  him  on  account,  January  10,1788,      £63    0    0 

Ditto 24tli.  40    0    0 

Ditto, February    Btb,       10  10    3 


By  pay  of  Officers  of  Government  for  1788. 
For  tile  salary,  one  quarter,  ending  23d  January, 

1788,  187  10 

By  cODtlngent  Bxpencee  of  Government  for  1788. 
Paid  (or  gtazlDg  done  In  Council  room,  for  re- 
moving and  putting  up  a  btove,  for  a  sh<et  iron 
ash    bucket,   sweeping  the  chimney,  and   for 

wafers, 8    6 

Balance  due  by  Charles  Blddle 13  10 


The  Account  of  CHASLKS  BIDDLE,  Esq.  from  23d  January  b 
23d  April,  1TS8. 
Charles  Blddle,  Esq.  Secretary.  Dr. 
To  account  of  Fees  received  In  the  Office  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Supreme  Executive  Council. 
RBCBIVBD,  per  account,  in  the  period  aforesaid,        £401  13    : 


Supra  Cr. 
By  David  RJttenhonae,  Esq.  Treasurer. 
Paid  Urn  on  account,  Aprll28th.l788.      £81    1    8 

Ditto  da.  80    0    0 

Ditto MaySth 40  19    3 

303    0  U 

By  pay  of  Officers  of  Oovernment  for  1788. 
For  bla  salary  trom  23d  Jan.  till  23d  April  1788, 

Inclusive 187  10    0 

By  contingent  Expeacee  of  Government  for  1788. 
Paid  tor  600O  large  wafers,  and  tor  repaldng  two 

locks  Jn  the  Council  room U    3    3 

J  

£401  13    2 


^%x:4v^ux  V  iijx-f  uy  uiui  111  Liie  perioa  aroresalcl,  per 
account, 

Supra  Cr. 

By  David  Rittenhouse,  Esq.  Treasurer. 

Paid  him  on  account,  Augusi9th, 1788,      £50     0     0 
Ditto, 15th  ....  396 


By  pay  of  Officers  of  Government  far  1788. 
For  one  quarter's  salary,  ending  the 23d  July,  1788, 

By  contingent  ESxpences  of  Ck>yernment  for  1 

Paid  for  wafers,  ribbon,  ink.  and  for  removing 
the  stove,  


The  Acoount  of  CHARIiES  BIDDLE,  EJsq.  from  tl 

till  23d  October,  1788,  inclusive. 

Charles  Biddle,  Esq.  Secreltary,  Dr. 

To  account  of  Fees  received  In  the  Office  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Supreme  Executive  Council. 

RECEIVED  during  the  period  aforesaid,  per  ac- 
count,   

Supra  Cr. 

By  David  Rittenhouse,  £>sq.  Treasurer. 

Paid  himonaccount,October9th,1788,      £45    0    0 
Ditto November    3d,        20    5    7 


SUPRBHE   EXBCUTrVB   COUNCIL.  471 

Th«  Aocoont  of  CHABLBS  BIDDLE,  ESQ.  from  23d  Oobtber, 

1788.  Ull  2ZA  January,  1TS9,  iaclusire; 

Charles  Blddle,  Bbq.  SecrMarr.  Dr. 

To  account  of  Fees  received  In  the  Office  of  tbo 

Secretary  of  the  Supreme  EzecuUve  Council. 

BBCBIVBD  during  the  period  aforesaid,  per  ac- 

count. tZli    «  IX 

Balance  OTerpald 10    0 

£216  19  11 
Supra  Cr. 
By  David  Rittenhouse,  Eeq.  Treasurer. 

Paid  him  on  account,  January,  1TS9 £13  10    2 

By  pay  of  Officers  of  QoTernment  for  1789. 
For  one  quarter's  salary,  due  23d  January,  178S,         187    10    0 

By  contingent  Eizprnoes  of  Government  for  1789. 
Paid  tor  wafers,  ribbon,  sand,  pounce,  and  for 
glaxlng  done  at  the  windova 16  19    9 

£216  19  11 


The  Aeconnt  of  CHABLES  BIDDUE,  Esq.  from  the  24tli  Janu- 
ary till  23d  April,  17S9,  Inclusive. 

CbarleB  Biddle,  Esq.  Secretary,  Dr. 

To  account  of  Fees  received  Jn  the  Office  of  the 

Secretary  of  the  Supreme  Executive  Council. 

RECEIVED  during  the  period  aforesaid,  per  ac- 
count,          £248  14    8 

Supra  Or. 

Balance  due  at  last  settlement 10    0 

By  David  Rittenbouse,  Esq.  Treasurer. 

Paid  him  on  account,  May  6th,  1789, £45  12     7 

By  pay  of  Officers  of  Qovernment  for  1789. 
For  bla  salary,  one  quarter,endlng23dApr]1.1789,         187  10    0 
By  contingent  Ezpences  of  Government  for  1789. 
Paid  for  ink-stands,  quils.  Ink,  wafers,  ribbon, 
repairing  a  desk,  pasting   up   proclamations, 
moving  and  fixing  up  a  ttove,  15    £    1 


£248  14 


RECEIVED  within  the  period  aforesaid,  per  ac- 

Supra  Cr. 

By  David  Rittenhouae,  Esq.  Treasurer. 
Paid  him  on  account,  July  25, 1189 

By  pay  of  Officers  of  ODVcrnment  tor  17S9.      I 
For  his  aalary,  one  quarter,  endtng  38d  July,  1TS9,     i 

By  conllngent  Kxpences  of  Oovernment  for  IT 
F&td  [or  wafers,  and  removing  the  stove, 


Tbo  Aooouot  ol  CHARLES  BIDDLE.  Esq.  from  24  3v 
October,  1789. 

Charles  Blddle,  Esq.  Secretary.  Dr. 


SUPREME   EXECUTIVE   COUNCIL.  473 

Tbe  Accoiut  of  CHAitLBS  BIDDLE.  BBqulre,  from  the  24tli  of 
October  17S9,  Ull  23d  Januor;  1790,  Inclusive. 

Charlea  Blddle,  Elsq.  Secrtitary,  Dr. 

To  account  of  Fees  received  in  the  Office  of  tbe 
Secretary  of  tbe  Supreme  Executive  Council. 
RBCEIVBD  during  tbe  period  aforesaid,  per  ac- 
count,          £214  16    3 


Supra  Cr. 
By  Christian  FebJger,  Esq.  Troasu.-or. 
Paid  him,  on  account,  February  l&th,  1790, 15    6    G 

By  pay  of  Officers  of  Qovemment  tor  1790. 
For  one  quarter's  salary,  4\x»  Jannarj'  33,  1730,  . .  187  10    0 

By  contingent  Bzpences  of  Qovemment  for  1790. 
Paid  for  ribbon,  parchment,  wafers,  quills  and 
twine, U  19  10 

£214  IE    3 

Ebumlned  and  settled, 

JOHN  NICHOLSON. 


STATE  OF  THE  ACCOUNTS 

or  THB 

PENNSYLVANIA  INDIAN 
COMMISSIONERS. 


1784-1785. 


Btato  of  the  AccounU  of  the  PEn^NSTLVANIA.  INDIAN  COM- 
HISSI0NBR3,  Appointed  to  Purchaae  from  -UiCMe  Natlona 
clajming  the  same,  the  unpurchased  Terrltorr  within  the 
limits  of  Pennaflvanla. 

The  Hon.  Sam.  J.Attlee,  Esq.  Francis  Johnston  and 
Will.  Maclar,  Esqrs.  CommUs.  Dr.  to  Sundries. 

DaTld  RlttenhouM,  Esq.  Treasurer. 

Received  (rf  him  on  an  order  of  council. 

September  lat.  1784 £3376    0    0 

Ditto         do.  do.  400    0    0 

Ditto      do.  do.  i4tb eoo  0  0 

Ditto         do.  balance  Utli  Mar.  1TS6 484    9    3 


Bi^Mices  of  a  Negotiation  with  the  Indi- 
ans In  17S4  &  17S6,  for  the  unpurchas- 
ed landswlthln  the  Terrl.of  Fenaaylva. 

Sold  to  Daniel  Broadhead,  Jun.  the  fol- 
lowlnKKoodapartot  thosewhich  had  been 
purohaaed  by  the  state  for  the  Indian 
treatr,  vi*.  &  pieces  ft  14  yds.  stroud,  6 
pair  blankets,  3201b.  lead,  1  piece  halt- 
thicks,  3  laced  hats,  2  plain  do.  S  places 
of  calllco,  2  dos.  catlco  handkerchiefs, 
131b.  thread,  45  half  pieces  of  rlbbond,  3 
dos.  ft  11  cutteauB,  6  doz.  thlmblea,  6  doi. 
ponkiUTee,  2  dos.  ft  10  shears,  3  doz.  scla- 
■ars,  10  coarse  combs,  3  doz.  flne  combs, 
45  looking  glasses,  lesib.  brass  kettlei  aa- 
•orted,  3Glb.  mo::k  wamp<im,  121b.  vermll. 
19  yds.  scarlet  cloth,  2  pieces  embossed 
BOTge,  1  groEB  bed-lace,  251b.  brass  wire, 
6U  doz.  pipes,  1451b.  tobacco,  GS  calllco 
shirts, TOwbltellaen  do,  32  pairs  2H  point 
match -coats.  5Vi  pair  of  1^  point  do.  2fj 
dos.  black  silk  handkerchiefs,  1000  flints, 
2%  gross  gartering,  GO  silver  hair  plates, 
23  arm-bands,  30  gorgets,  27  moons,  13 
hair  pipes,  6  doz.  silver  rings,  lS2501b. 
black  wampum,  3^  qr.  casks  powaer,  1 
bbL  containing  26  gala,  rum,  1  old  horse- 
man's tent,  2  pair  coarse  sheets,    Isaddle 

ft  bridle £732  13    1 

Sold  to  Devereux  Smith,  3  bbla.  con- 
taining 85  gals,  rum,  at  12s  6 63    2    G 

Carried  forward £785  15    7 

(477) 


^.w.^a,  «i(.u.  cuuiiuuea, £785  15     7 

Sold  two  of  the  tents  received  of  Cap- 
tain Stilas,  for  2     5    0 

Sold  7  horses  1  for  £20,  1  for  £16,  1  for 
£23,  1  for  £20,  1  for  £6  10,  and  the  other 
two   at  auction,   neat   proceeds  thereof, 

£2119     4 107     9     4 

Sold  one  matross,  bolster  and  pillow  for      3    0    0 


£6 


Sundries  Dr.  to  the  Hon.  Sam.  J.  Attlee,  ¥Yan. 
Johnston  and  Will.  Maclay,  Esqrs.  Commis- 
flioners. 

Expences  of  a  Negotiation  with  the  Indians,  in 
1784  &  1786,  for  the  unpurchased  lands  with- 
in the  Territory  of  Pennsylvania. 

Paid  sundry  persons  for  the  following  goods  pur- 
chased for  the  Indtian  nations  and  delivered  (except 
what  are  sold  and  herein  before  accounted  for)  in 
presents,  the  presents  delivd.  at  both  treaties 
amount  at  prime  cost  to  £267  4  1,  &  in  full  con- 
sideration of  the  purchase  money  of  7,000  dollars, 
as  stipulated  for  the  grant  of  lands,  per  the  deeds 
executed  to  the  state  of  Pennsylvania  at  the  treaties 
of  Fort-Stanwix  &  Fort-Mackintash,   *save  £376 

*  By  these  deeds  the  six  Indian  nations,  Mohawks.  Onel- 
das,  Ononda^oes,  Cayuffas.  Senecas.  and  Tuscaroras,  for 
themselves,  their  confederates,  and  dependent  tribes,  on 
Oct.  28,  1784,  sell,  alien  and  confirm  to  Pennsylvania,  all 
that  country  which  before  remained  unpurchased,  viz.  be- 
gin.  south-side  of  the  river  Ohio,  where  the  western  l>ouhd- 


INDIAN   COUUI88IONSRS. 

SuDdrleB  Dr.  to  the  Hon.  Samuel  J.  AtUee,  FranclA 
Johniton,  ft  W1:L  Mftclay,  Bwirs.  CommlBsioners. 
BzpenceB  at  a  Nego:iation  witb  the  In- 
dians, ftc.  continued. 


worth  of  goods  and  two  good  rlflM  which 
are  yet  to  be  delivered  to  the  six  nations, 
the  latter  on  the  Ist  of  Apr.  and  the 
former  by  the  1st  of  Oct.  next,  and  tor 
the  delivery  ot  whioh  the  obligation  ot 
the  commlBsioners  on  tbe  part  of  this 
Btale  hath  be;n  given.  Blgh  een  pieces 
of  halMhlcks  knapped  and  pla.n.  IST^ 
yards  of  embossed  serge,  IT  pieces  and 
2S0  pair  match-coats,  10  pair  blankets,  30 
pair  Btrouds.  91^  jards  of  scarlet  cloth, 
326  square-aod  pocket  looklr.g  giassEB,  20 
dos.  silk  handkerchlets,  12  gross  garter- 
ing, 12  doz.  Dandrutf  combs,  6  doi.  un- 
tangling combs,  6  doz.  horn  do.  7^  doc. 
thread,  24  doz.  ihimblea,  US  hplf  pieces 
of  rlbbond,  10  gross  bedlacp,  901&.  vermil- 
loD,  4S120  wampum,  ID  doz.  sham  stag 
cutteaus,  21  buff  lo  cuttfaus,  11  doz.  pis- 
tol cap  knives,  S  doz.  penknlvps,  12  doz. 
pair  shears,  12  doz.  pair  sc  ssars,  5  M 
needles,  S  pieces  ca'.ilmancoe's,  20001h. 
lead.  1001b.  brass  wire.  31  saddles,  20 
bridles,  TO  brass  kettles,  320  gals.  rum. 
834  yards  calUco,  G  dozen  printed  lawn 
handker.  3  pieces  long  lawn,  472  yds. 
Irish  linen,  221b.  thread,  42  gold  laced 
hata,  12  do.  velvet  bound,  4  flne  do.  50000 
flints,  43  silver  armbands.  49  hair  pipes,  S 
doz.  nose  croasfs,  14  doz.  silver  rings,  30 
doz.  broacbee,  32  do.  wrtstbaods.  6531b 
tobacco,  20  doz.  pipes,  ISO  tomahawks,  2 
tin  camp  kettles,  60  camp  axes.  60  hair 
plates,  30  gorgsts.  27  moons,  216  lluen 
■hlrts,  25  calllco  do.  3  blankets,  7^  yds. 


oznabrigs  113%  yds.  ticklingburg,  and 
for  trunks,  bales,  packages  &  covers,  also 
for  making  160  white  ruffled  sliirts.  &  204 
callico  do.  out  of  the  linen  &  callico  pur- 
chased, likewise  the  expences  of  trans- 
portation, commissions  for  purchasing  & 
the  other  contiuge.t  charges  thereui)on,  £2836  18     8 

Paid  for  the  following  stores  for  the 
use  of  commissioners  on  the  northern  and 
west- treaties,  viz  2831b.  leaf  sugar,  2  cwt. 
muscovado  do.  120^1b.  coffee,  1001b.  cho- 
colate, 2  quar.  casks  contain.ng  66 V^  galls. 
Maidaira  wine,  32  galls,  spirits,  36  kegs 
of  biscuit,  1  bbl.  Irish  mess  beef,  6  doz. 
claret, lease  do.  4  stalks  of  oil,  401b.  soap, 
66V^  lb.  spermaceti  candles,  8  bottles 
capers,  2  bo: tie 3  cayene  pepper,  21b.  bot- 
tled mustard, 2  Jugs  do.  6  gals,  wine  vine- 
gar, 41b  pepper,  1  daz.  table  spoons,  1  doz. 
wines,  2  setts  of  large  cups  &  sawcers,  a 
grid  iron,  a  frying  pan,  2  setts  knives,  1 
salt,  2  large  pewter  teapots,  1  doz  plates, 
2  pewter  dishes,  1  doz.  teaspoons,  1  cop- 
per kettle,  1  tin  coffeepot  4  black  jacks,  2 
trunks,  6  double  rose  blankets,  3  mat- 
trasses,  3  bolsters,  3  pillows,  3  pillow 
cases,  3  bed  cases,  6  pair  sheets,  6  camp 
stools,  and  for  stationary, 231    9 

Paid  by  the  Hon.  Samuel  J.  Attlee,  for 
2  riding  horses,  for  tra\elling  expences, 
charges  of  keeping  2  horses  from  26th, 
last  Nov.  to  24th,  Feb.  ult.  also  for  his 
boarding  In   Philadel.   &c.  per  acct.   & 

•---  90    5  10 


INDIAN   COMMISSIONERS. 

SundriM  Dr.  to  tbe  Hon.  Samuel  J.  Attlee,  Francis 
JotiMUiD,  &  Will.  Maclay  Esqrs.  CommlsslonorH. 


Paid  by  Orlfflth  Evans,  aecratary  and 
storekeeper,  for  portage  at  goods,  bis 
own  travelling  eipences.  freight  ot  cer- 
tain articles,  to  New-York,  balance  for 
transportatlon  of  goods  and  stores  from 
Albany  to  fort  Stanwlx,  foi  hams,  butter. 
potatoes,  A  other  vegetables,  for  the  use 
of  the  commissioners,  &c.  tor  a  large 
double  blankei,  horse  shoeing,  one  boat, 
pilotage,  one  horse,  tavern  expences  at 
Pittsburg,  horse  keeping  at  Phlladel.  Mrs. 
Bogart,  for  his  boarding  &  the  expence  oC 
a  room  transacting  business  for  the  com- 
missi, &c.  per  acet.  &  rec 131  10 

For  the  pay  of  Sam.  J.  Attlee.  Esq.  as 
commissi,  from  tbe  1st,  Sop.  last  to  11th, 
Inst.  Inclusive,  192  days  at  6  dola,  per  day,  432    0 

For  tbe  pay  of  Col.  Francis  Johnston. 
as  commissioner,  From  25tb,  August  last 
to  the  1st,  Instant  inclusive.  ISS  days  at 
6  dais 423    0 

Do.  of  Qrlfflth  Evans,  as  secre.  &  store- 
keeper, from  31st,  Aug.  last  to  Tth  tnst. 
inclusive.  1S9  days  at  IBs 141  15    ' 


WUll&m  Maclay,  Esq.,  commlaslDaer. 
I  biro  at  sund.  tlmea  on  acct.  of  his  pay  &  es- 


Daniel  Broadhead.  jun.  Merchant. 

For  the  goods  purchased  by  biro  from  tbe  com- 
missioners payable  In  6  months,  from  the  27tb  Jan- 
uary, and  for  which  he  hatb  drawn  an  order  ac- 
cepted by  General  Broadhead,  and  herewith  ren- 


Capt.  James  O'Hara. 

Duo  by  him  being  a  balance  of  tbe  money  put 
into  hts  hands  to  purchase  Ind.  goods,  ftc.  and  for 
which  be  batb  drawn  an  order  accepted  by  William 
Bell,  merch.  of  this  city  an.i  now  payable,  


Mr.  Devereaux  Smith. 

The  balance  due  for  3  barrels  of  rum  sold  him  by 
the  commrlssioners,  for  payment  of  which  O'Hara, 
haih  given  his  note, 


Examined  and  Settled  March  14th,  1785. 


State  of  the  Account  of  WILLIAM  MX3LAT,  Eeq.  Cor 

for  negociating  with  the  Indians. 

William  M'Clay,  Esq.  Commissioner,  Dr.  To  8i 

The  Honorable  Sam.  J.  Attlee,  Francis  Johnston, 

and  William  M'Clay,  Esquires,  commissioners 
Received  of  them  on  account,  i 

Expences  of  a  negociatlon  with  the  Indians  in  1784, 
&  1785,  for  the  unpurchased  lands  within  the  ter- 
ritories of  Pennsylvania. 

For  the  value  of  a  mare  which  was  purchased  for 
the  use  of  the  commissioner,  estimated  to  be 
worth, 

Balance  duo  by  the  State,  carried  to  another  ac- 
count with  the  Commonwealth, 


I 


I  —  4.^^    r^^ 


INDIAN  COHHISSIONERS.  41 

State  ol  the  Account  of  FRANCIS  JOHNGTON.  ESwiulre. 


Contra  Cr. 

By  Bxpeaces  of  a  negotiation  witb  tbe  Indiana  In 
1784,  A  I7as,  lor  the  unpurcbaied  lands  within 
the  territory  of  PennaylTanU. 

Paid  for  the  following  goods  to  be  sent 
to  William  M'Clay,  Esquire,  at  Northum- 
berland, and  by  him  to  be  delivered  to 
the  Indians,  being  for  the  laat  payment 
of  1000  dollars,  and  In  full  of  the  pur- 
chase  money,  re.  8  pieces  blue  atroud, 
20  pair  of  3  point  match  coats,  60  pair  2Vi 
point  do.  14  yards  of  acarlet  broad-cloth. 
29  yards  scarlet  flannel,  lOO  white  ruffled 
sblrts,  60  cal11?o  do.  is  castor  hats,  S  doc. 
readying  combs, 2  daz,  ivory  do.  251b.  Ter- 
mllllan,  GO  gallons  of  Barbadoes  rum,  2 
qr.caBbs  contain.  5^lb.  gun  powder,  6001b. 
bar  lead,  3001b.  leaf  tobacco,  3  pieces  of 
Sartering.  10  doz.  pipes,  2  trunks,  3  bar- 
rels and  5  tea  gillo:i  kegs £321  12    4 

His  commisslODB  on  purchasing  at  G 
per  cent 14    1    7 

Paid  for  loading,  and  in  part  for  trass- 
porting  said  goods  to  Sunhury 9    7    $ 


By  David  Riitenhouse,  Esq.  Treasurer. 
Paid  bim  the  balance,  Sept.  Stb,  1785 


Examined  and  settled, 

JOHN  NICHOLSON. 


RKC.  of  him  on  ace.  Sept.  16th,  1785.  '. .  .£100     0     0 
Do.  balance,  MArch  20th,  17S6,   ...   316  13     6 


Conlrii  Cr. 

By  Expenct's  of  a  Negociation  with  ih»' 
Indians  in  1784  &  1785,  for  the  unpur- 
chased lands,  within  the  territory  of 
Pennsylvania. 

Paid  the  ezpences  of  delivering  the  In- 
(dlan  goods,  which  were  purchased  the  6th 
.September,  1785.  being  detained  from 
:20th  September  till  10th  December,  going 
^rom  Sunbury  to  Tioga,  waiting  for  the 
«coming  in  of  the  Indians,  delivering  the 
^cloathing,  and  returning,  viz. 

Pa!d  waggonage  and  his  expences,  for 
^cooperage  of  casks  for  flour  casks,  for 
isalt,  for  11  barrels  cont.  22  cwt.  flour,  for 
venison,  for  the  hire  of  boats,  boptmen 
3nd  their  provisions,  porterage  of  the 
-goods,  powder  for  the  Indians  to  hunt 
'With  for  provisions  until  the  rest  should 
^arrive,  wages  for  a  messenger  into  the 
'Oennosee  country,  for  flsh,  for  leather 
.:and  mockisons  for  the  Indian  runnois. 
lor  a  tent  for  the  Cayuga  chief,  for  45 
Tbnshels  corn.  35  bushels  do.  a  beef  cow, 
/5€  bushels  turnips,  7  bushels  potatoes, 
«ne  beef,  wages  of  a  messenger  a  second 
trip  into  the  Indian  country,  for  3  beeves 
.and  venison,  some  Jews  harps  pipes  and 
.toys   for  the   Indians,   soap   and   a  few 


INDIAN   COMMISSIONERS. 


State  of  sundry  Accounts. 


Bxp«nces  of  a  Negoclation  with  the  Indians  in  1784 
and  1785,  lor  the  unpurch&aed  lands  wJthln  the 
territory  of  Pennsylvania. 

Dr.  To  David  Rlttenhouse,  Baq.  Treasurer. 

Paid  Francis  Johnston,  Ssq.  for  bwj  elegant  rifles 
made,  one  for  Aaron  Hill  of  the  Mohawk,  and  the 
other  for  John  Obeal  of  the  Seneca  nation,  promised 
them  hy  the  Indian  Commissioners  at  the  treaty, 
and  sent  to  Mr.  M'Clay,  by  wham  they  were  in- 
trusted to  Daniel  M'Etawell.  to  be  delivered  to  the 
said  chiefs.  Apr.  7, 1785, £22  10    » 

Paid  Samuel  Montgomery  £^.  sundry  disburse- 
ments  he  had  made  for  the  Pennsylvania  Indian 
commisBloners.  for  t'snsportlng  stores  and  baggage 
from  the  Mohawk  to  lake  Oswego  down  the  8us- 
quehannab,  and  on  tbe  way  from  thence  to  Carlisle, 
May  4th.  178E U  17    2 

Paid  Francis  Johnston,  Beq.  tor  a  case  for  the 
two  rifles  alMve,  for  engraving  the  names  of  the 
ch:efs  therec-n,  and  ^Ib.  powder 0  11    » 

Paid  John  Boyd.  Esq,  for  a  like  sum  he  paid  at 
Northumberland  lor  cleaning  and  repairing  the 
said  rlSea,  damaged  on  thedr  way  from  Philadel- 
phia,    1     0    » 

Paid  Francis  Johnston  Bstiuire,  for  carriage  of 
two  rifle  guns,  and  a  balance  to  the  waggoner  who 
carried  up  Indian  goods,  Sept.  23d.  1785 9    6    0 

Meaara.  Pickering  and  Hodgdon  rent  of  stores  for 
■  the  Indian  goods,  July  19th.  178E,   1  13     4 

49  13     3 


Examined  and  settled, 

JOHN  NICHOLSON. 


Camp tro lie r- General's  Office.  ^ 

July  10th,  17S6.  j 


REPORT  OF  THE 


REGISTER-GENERAL 


RKLATIVB  TO  THK 


REVENUE  AND  EXPENDITURES 


OP   THE 


COMMONWEALTH  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


1790. 


(487) 


SIR 

I    HAVE  the  nonor  to  mclc ;  e,  tor  the  inspec 
Hono;rable  Committee  of  ^ays  and  Means,  a  State  o 
nues,  Bxpences  and  Debts  of  thid  Btate,  so  far  as  it  i 
my  power  to  ascertain  them;  together  with  some  i 
servations,  or  plan  of  arrangement:    Which  I  hum 
to  the  consideration  of  the  Honorable  Committee. 
I  have  the  honor. to  bar  . 
With  greac  respect, 
Your  most  obedient, 

Most  humble  Servant, 

JOHN  donnal: 

Register-<>eQeral 

August  26th,  : 

To  FRANCIS  aURNEY,  Esquire, 
Chairman  of  the  Honorable 
Committee  of  Ways  and  Means. 


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516  REPORT  OP  THE 


GENERAL    OBSERVATIONS 


ON  THE  FORBOOINO 


STATEMENT. 


THE  loan  of  £50,000  principal  being  appropriated  to  the  re- 
demption of  the  bills  of  credit  of  March  16th  1785,  if  the  sum 
proposed  to  be  destroyed  and  provided  for  in  the  general  reve- 
nue is  burnt,  then  the  balance  due  on  said  loan-office  will  be 
equal  to  the  balance  outstanding  of  iiid  bills  of  credit  and  will 
require  no  further  provision  for  the  redemption  of  the  same, 
per  a  tides  1  and  2. 

The  balance  due  on  the  loan-office  of  £150,000  principal  being 
appropriated  for  the  redemption  of  the  bills  of  June  1st  1780, 
and  the  balance  due  on  said  loan-office  being  nearly  double  the 
sum  outstanding  of  the  said  bills,  exclusive  of  the  sum  in  the 
possession  of  Thomas  Smith,  Esq.;  Continental  Loan-Officer, 
which  the  United  States  ought  to  deliver  and  debit  this  state 
with,  no  further  provision  is  necessary  for  the  redemption  of 
the  said  bills  of  June  1780.    See  articles  3  and  4. 

The  State-Island  money,  of  which  there  is  only  £726  15  out- 
standing and  of  which  little  more  may  be  expected  to  be 
brought  into  the  treasury.  Perhaps  a  limited  time  for  the  ex- 
change of  said  bills  in  conformity  to  the  act  of  the  25th  March 
1780.  would  be  the  best  mode  of  extinguishing  this  debt. 

The  notes  issued  for  payment  of  interest,  per  act  of  the  16th 
March  1783,  on  which  the  balance  is  small.  Perhaps  a  limited 
time  for  bringing  them  into  the  treasury  for  exchange  may  be 
necessary. 

The  excise  being  appropriated  to  the  payment  of  interest  on 
depreciation  certificates,  it  will  remain  sufficient  for  that  pur- 
pose so  long  as  held  by  the  state,  or  until  the  payment  of  in- 
terest on  the  state  debts  by  the  United  States  operates.  It  was 
not  in  the  power  of  the  Register  to  ascertain  the  amount  in 
oirculation,  for  want  of  a  return  of  the  sum  issued  and  received 
by  the  Comptroller,  as  well  as  those  that  were  declared  to 
escheat  to  the  state  by  act  of  the  25th  March  1786.  However, 
the  balance  stated  in  articles  7  and  14  may  be  considered  as  a 
larger  sum  than  would  appear. to  be  in  circulation,  from  the 
payments  of  interest  on  the  funded  certificates  at  the  treasury. 

The  funded  state  debt  is  incompleat,  for  the  reasons  stated 
above,  per  article  15. 

Of  the  new-loan  debt,  per  article  16,  have  taken  the  amount 
that  the  Comptrollor  supposes  he  should  issue,  in  his  statement 
of  November  1787,  and  which  he  scates  as  iasuod,  in  his  state- 
ment of  8th  November,  1788.  By  an  act  of  30th  September  1789, 
the  accounts  and  certificates  to  be  exchanged  were  submitted 
to  the  Register,  to  be  examined  and  entered,  whi 'h  con:inued  to 


REGISTER  GENERAL.  517 

cqierate  until  repealed  by  an  actot  the  lat  April  1790,  which  re- 
quired, that  the  new  loan  certificates  received  In  exchange  shall 
be  delivered  once  In  each  manLh  to  the  KeglBter-General,  and 
cancelled. — Of  which,  as  yet,  no  return  hath  been  made. 

Of  continental  cert  idea  tea. —Article  17  exhiblta  the  amount 
the  Comptroller  General  hae  received  from  the  land-offlce,  and 
the  supposed  amount  on  lean.  The  balance  Is  wha>t  he  baa  Ui 
account  for,  exclusive  of  any  other  sum  he  may  have  received 
for  properly  or  debts  of  the  state.  He  has  paid  over  to  the 
Treasurer  302.64"jg  dollars,  per  act  of  Ist  April  1790,  and  there 
remains  yet  to  be  paid  £334,13S  10  g,  on  which,  as  well  as  those 
paid  the  Treasurer,  Intereai  will  be  calculated  to  the  3l8t  De- 
cember 17S7,  and  credited  his  account. 

The  grant  to  the  late  Proprietors  Is  fully  atated  In  articles  S 
and  28. 

Bnt  should  not  the  proposed  plan  of  funding  this  debt  be 
adopted,  a  sum  of  money  may  be  borrowed  by  this  state  In 
Europe,  on  the  credit  of  ber  funds,  at  an  Interest  of  6  per  cent. 
or  less,  and  applied  to  the  discharge  of  this  debt,  which  will 
probably  term.inate  with  more  advantage  to  the  state  than  part- 
ing with  the  certificates. 

The  amount  of  Indents  stated  to  be  In  the  Comptroller's  pos- 
session, per  article  9,  may  aerre  lo  shew  the  probable  amount; 
but  it  cannot  be  stated  with  accuracy,  until  the  exchange  of 
certificates  is  compleated.  It  will  nut  vary,  only  where  there 
may  have  been  errors  In  calculating  the  Interest  at  that  treas- 
ury. 

The  Interest  on  the  continental  and  new-loan  certificates  Is 
carefully  calculated  From  the  dlDerent  dates  of  Interest  to  the 
31»t  December  1787,  and  the  Comptroller  charged  with  the 
principal  and  Interest  on  said  certificates,  and  will  be  credited 
with  principal  and  Interest  on  those  he  may  pay  to  the  Stale 
Treasurer,  per  act  of  1st  April  1790.  In  like  manner,  the  bal- 
ance will  shew  the  Indents  he  will  have.  This  Is  confined  to 
the  certificates  he  received  from  the  land-offlce.  "What  further 
stim  be  may  have  received  the  Register  could  procure  no  ac- 
count of. 

Arrearages  of  specie  taxes  are  fully  elated  In  article  12.  Of 
these,  about  £120,000  are  due  on  taxes  from  17S5  to  1789,  and 
may  be  conaliiered  aa  efficient.  The  arrears  for  1781,  2,  and  3, 
will  probably  be  subjected  to  further  deductions  than  estimated. 
The  sum  brought  Into  the  treasury  for  ten  months,  from  1st 
October  1789  to  31at  July  1790,  per  schedule,  £73,309  17  3,  Is 
nearly  equal  to  what  was  produced  the  thirteen  months  pre- 
ceedlng  September  1789;  from  which  It  may  be  concluded,  that 
at  least  £79.890  13  3  wtU  be  brought  Into  the  treasury  In  the 
course  of  the  year,  beginning  at  1st  October  next.  The  sum 
that  may  be  expected  to  be  paid  from  the  31st  July  and  let 
October,  to  compleat  this  year,  will  be  principally  applied  to 
*he  reducing  of  claims  stated  tor  the  next  year,  and  will  not  of 
course  affect  this  statement. 

The  state  of  revenues  and  expenditures,  per  article  20,  shews, 
that  to  fully  and  honorably  comply  with  the  claims  on  the  stale 
ft  further  sum  than  the  Interest  on  certlUcates  and  dndents  from 
'tbe  United  States,  and  what  can  be  depended  upon  from  the 
arrears  of  taxes  and  Impo.^t,  must  be  provided,  especially  as  the 


518  REPORT  OP  THE 

first  payment  of  the  interest  'will  not  commence  until  the  31st 
March  1791,  and  only  three  quarterly  payments  of  interest  be- 
come due  to  1st  October  1791,  the  period  when  the  state  ac- 
counts are  annually  closed.  Therefore  a.  tax  for  half  the 
amount  of  the  late  funding  tax  is  proposed,  to  compleat  these 
engagements. 

The  arrearages  of  stalte  money  taxes,  together  with  the 
amount  paid  into  the  loan  ofi9ce  for  one-fourth  the  arrears  of 
purchase  money,  are  appropriated  fur  the  redemption  of  the  bills 
of  credit  of  April  1781,  and  the  certificates  issued  for  horses, 
&c.  payable  in  that  money.  These  funds,  per  articles  22  and 
24,  will  be  found  more  than  adequate  for  the  redemption  of  the 
said  bills  of  credit  and  certificates,  per  articles  23  and  25,  the 
latter  of  which  will  escheat  to  the  state,  if  not  brought  dnto  the 
treasury  on  or  before  'the  1st  January  1791.  So  that  in  another 
year  the  monies  in  the  land-oflace  will  probably  be  liberated, 
and  may  be  applied  to  other  purposes  of  government. 

The  arrears  of  continental  taxes  being  appropriated  for  the 
redemption  of  the  resolve  and  commonwealth  money,  the  most 
of  which  may  be  considered  as  lostt,  will  be  irredeemable  Dy  the 
state,  if  not  paid  into  the  treasury  on  or  before  the  1st  Janu- 
ary 1791,  after  which  whatever  sums  may  come  into  the  treas- 
ury from  said  taxes  may  be  subscribed  to  the  continental  loan, 
per  act  of  4th  August  1790.  The  Register  here  sumbits  to  the 
consideration  of  the  Honorable  Committee,  whether  some 
mode  may  not  be  adopted  to  ease  the  payments  of  these  taxes, 
by  receiving  certificates  in  payment  at  the  same  ratio  that 
these  bills  of  credit  are  funded  at  by  the  United  States. 

Under  the  26th  article  I  have  stated  the  neat  produce  of  the 
sum  allotted  for  the  payment  of  the  interest  on  the  certificates 
issued  for  the  debts  of  this  state,  for  the  amount  of  which  the 
state  will  be  entitled  to  draw  the  interest  for  the  non-sub- 
scribing creditors,  and  therefore  will  be  more  than  sufficient  to 
discharge  the  demands  for  these  aebtb.  If  the  requisitions  and 
appropriations,  as  before  stated,  are  complied  with,  the  state 
will  be  rellevtjd  from  considerable  burthenb,  and  her  revenues 
for  the  year  1792  will  stand  thus. 

Amount  of  civil  list, 24800    0  0 

Claims  and  'improvements 5000    0  0 

Inland  navigation  and  roads, 5000    0  0 

One  year's  interest  on  proprietary  debta,  if  the  cer- 
tificates should  not  be  paia,  i/r  the  debt  funded,. .  11051  15  8 


Surplus. 47575  13 


45851  15    8 

Q 


£93427    9     5 


Cr. 

By  the  probable  product  of  marriage  and  tavern 
licences,  fees  of  land-office,  tax  on  writs,  vendue 
sales,  and  annual  interest  on  loans 14000    0    0 


Carried  forward £14000    0    0 

[The  balance  of  this  Report  seems  to  be  missing.] 


OBSERVATIONS 


American  Revolution. 


PUBLISHED 


RESOLUTION  OF  THE  CONGRESS. 


The  Document  which  follows,  comes  here  properly 
place.  It  is  the  Report  of  the  Committee  of  Congress,  s] 
appointed,  for  "the  consideration  of  those  who  are  desl 
comparing  the  conduct  of  the  opposed  Parties  and  the 
consequences  which  have  flowed  from  it."  The  Rep< 
printed  and  sent  to  all  the  Colonies. 


■C=7Q 


OBSERVATIONS 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION. 


THE  effortB  ot  Oreat-BrltaJn  to  reduce  these  Unltecl  Slates 
being  DOW  almost  brought  to  a  period;  It  is  proper  that  tbe 
citizens  ol  America  sbould  look  over  tbe  ground  they  have 
trodden.  Tbls  becomes  necessary  In  order  that  the  present 
generation  may  fully  comprebend  those  two  points  which  pos- 
terity Indeed  will  perceive  at  a  dingle  glance,  but  whicb  it  Is 
ot  Importance  to  toe  coUBClencee  of  men  to  tie  well  Informed 
of  now.  For  certainly  It  becomes  us  to  know  that  tbe  contest 
wblch  hath  emancipated  our  country,  originated  with  our 
enemies,  and  bath  been  by  Ihem  urged  on  for  the  purposes  ot 
domination;  while  on  our  part  every  step  hath  been  taken 
consistent  with  possible  safety  to  deprecate  their  vengeance 
and  avert  the  calamities  of  -war. 

For  the  better  understanding  this  Important  subject,  we 
mua;  take  a  cursory  view  or  tbe  British  colonies  before  the 
revolution,  previous  to  which  it  may  be  necessary  to  make 
some  few  remarks  on  the  circumstance  of  colonisation.  This 
tbo'  it  ilntroduced  new  incidents  not  to  be  met  with  In  the 
antlent  histories  of  human  affairs,  neither  did  or  could  Intro- 
duce any  new  reason  or  new  maxims  of  Justice. 

The  great  principle  therefore  Is  and  ever  will  remain  In 
force,  tbat  MEN  ARE  BY  NATURE  FREE.  Aa  accountable 
to  him  that  made  them,  they  must  be  so;  and  so  long  as  we 
have  any  idea  ot  divine  Justice,  we  must  sasoclate  that  ot 
buman  freedom.  Whether  men  can  part  with  their  liberty  Is 
among  the  questions  which  have  exercised  the  ablest  wrliers; 
but  It  is  conceded  on  all  hands,  that  the  right  to  be  free  can 
never  be  alienated.  Still  less  is  it  practicable  for  one  genera- 
lion  to  mortgage  the  privileges  of  another.  The  right  ot  a 
(521) 


522  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

6tate  over  its  own  members  hath  also  been  brought  into  ques- 
tion; and  there  are  not  wanting  authorities  to  shew,  that  citi- 
zens who  renounce  allegiance  and  protection  may  fly  from  the 
territories  of  the  state,  and  erect  new  independent  govern- 
ments in  new  countries.     Be  this  as  it  may,  the  point  is  clear 
that  when    the  consent  of  government  is  obtained,   the  In- 
dividuals are  again  in  a  state  of  nature;  alike  free  either  to 
submit  to  a  society  existing  or  to  establish  one,  as  their  in- 
terest or  their  inclination  may  prompt.    Here  then  is  the  situa- 
tion of  those  who  wearied  with  the  contentions  and  oppressions 
of  the  old  world,  boldly  threw  themselves  upon  the  protection 
of  Providence  to  explore  the  new,  and  traversed  the  ocean  to 
inhabit  a  wilderness  amid  nations  of  barbarous  foes.    These 
first  adventurers,  inspired  by  freedom,  supported  by  industry, 
and  protected  by  Heaven,  became  inured  to  toil,  to  hardship, 
and  to  war.    In  spite  therefore  of  every  obstacle  they  obtained 
a  settlement;  and  then  turned  their  attention  to  the  security 
of  those  equal  rights  for  which  they  had  encountered  so  many 
perils  and  inconveniencies.    For  this  purpose  they  framed  in- 
dependent constitutions;  and  these  however  different  in  form, 
were  all  inspired  by  the  same  spirit,  and  all  founded  on  that 
eternal  maxim  of  free  governments,  that  no  man  can  be  bound 
by  laws  to  which  he  does  not  consent.    These  little  republics 
soon  began  to  fiourish  with  a  vigor  and  beauty  adequate  to  the 
radical  energy  of  their  first  principle.    Of  consequence  they  be- 
came a  desirable  object  tc  that  genius  of  enterprize  which  had 
animated  the  monarchies  of  £}urope.    On  the  other  hand,  their 
wealcness  required  some  antient  trunk  to  support  them  for  a 
while   in  the  storm  of  ambition.       Our  ancestors   therefore, 
stimulated  by  their  necessities,  and  seduced  by  ancient  habits, 
and  the  remembrance  of  former  friendships  and  connections, 
were  easily  prevailed  on  to  subject  themselves  to  the  king  of 
England,  in  consequence  of  his  solemn  promise  to  afford  them 
protection    in    common    with    all    his   other    subjects   against 
foreigrn  force  and  internal  violence.    The  British  colonies  then, 
under  that  name,  were  in  fact  so  many  independent  states, 
whose  only  political  connection  with  each  other  and  with  the 
several  parts  of  the  British  empire,  was  by  means  of  a  com- 
mon sovereign.    It  followed  from  their  natural  and  political 
situation   that  this  connection  could   not  be  permanent,  and 
•indeed  the  fabric  must  have  crumbled   to  pieces  "at  a  much 
■  arlipr  period  if  it  had  not  been  cemented  by  the  sameness  of 
manners  and  language,  a  strilving  similiarity  of  civil  institu- 
tions, a  continued  intercourse  for  tbe  purposes  of  commerce 
and  other  circumstances  of  the  like  kind.     For  the  interests  of 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  623 

Qreat-Brltaln  and  America  were  diametrically  opposite, 
wbetber  we  consider  tbem  either  In  a.  pollb!cBl  or  commercial 
viaw.  It  was  for  Instance  the  Interest  of  Oreat-BrltalD,  that 
needy  dependents  there  ahciild  rebuild  their  shattered  fortanefl, 
ber?,  and  the  wealthy  citizens  of  this  country  expend  their 
property  at  the  metropolis.  That  we  should  be  obliged  to 
cake  part  in  all  their  ware  whether  for  defence  or  conquest. 
That  our  trade  should  be  confined  to  their  parts;  and  Anally, 
tbat  tbey  should  have  a  power  by  lews  paBaed  in  their  par- 
liament to  bind  us  la  all  cases  whatsoever;  and  not  ouly  did 
the  difference  of  Interest  work  to  tbls  end,  but  nature  had  so 
widely  separated  the  two  countries,  that  It  was  Impossible  they 
could  long  have  been  joined  together  upon  terms  even  of  dee- 
poitlsm. 

Prom  what  hath  already  been  spld  It  must  appear,  that  as 
a  free  people  w«  could  not  be  bound  by  arbitrary  edicts  of  the 
prince,  that  by  BtUl  stronger  reasons  we  could  not  be  bound 
by  the  more  arbitrary  edicts  of  our  tellow  subjects;  and  OC 
consequence,  that  eltbo'  the  prince  and  our  fellow  subjects 
Btaould  Join  against  us  whatever  force  Ghey  might  acquire,  they 
could  acquire  no  right  by  the  union.  But  it  will  appear  also, 
that  we  had  on  every  principle  a  right  to  become  Independent, 
particularly  II  the  crown  should  violate  those  contracts  which 
formed  the  basis  of  an  union.  For  let  us  suppose  that  when 
our  ancestors  quitted  Europe,  they  wont  on  the  general  prin- 
ciple Of  disclaiming  sllegiance  to  and  protection  from  the 
several  states  of  which  tbey  were  subjecis,  or  that  they  came 
blther  with  the  permission  of  those  states,  and  even  under  a 
ccntract  with  tlie  king  of  England.  And  when  they  arrived 
here,  let  us  suppose  either  that  they  established  Independent 
governments  which  afterwards  became  subject  by  agreement, 
or  that  a  conditional  subjection  was  Interwoven  in  thedr  Itame; 
^stlll  'th&  existence  of  the  contract  remains  unlmpeached;  or 
even  on  a  supposition  that  they  had  actually  bargadned  for 
unconditional  submlsBlan,  still  that  bargain  would  have  been 
from  its  very  naLure  void  as  to  theau;  or  if  not  to  them,  at 
least  to  their  otlsprlng;  and  of  consequence  from  the  principle 
Cf  all  free  societies,  the  contract  will  still  result.  And  it  being 
evident  that  the  two  eountrlea  not  only  bad  not,  hut  really 
could  not  bave  (on  free  principles)  any  political  connection  but 
thro'  the  prince — so  that  tight  exercised  In  the  revolution  of 
England  demonstrated  since,  and  generally  admitted,  must 
necessarily  draw  with  tt  the  right  to  Independence,  which  la 
above  stated. 


524  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

Previous  to  the  last  war  a  few  acts  were  passed  in  England 
infringing  on  the  liberties  ot  America;  and  but  a  few  for  the 
two  following  reasons,  Ist  Because  America  was  at  that 
time  an  object  of  very  little  national  attention.  2dly.  Because 
the  possessions  of  the  French  enabled  them  to  give  such 
effectual  aid  in  case  of  rupture,  that  it  was  imprudent  to  tempt 
us  too  far.  Thesa  acts  however  were  obeyed,  because  the  re- 
straints were  of  no  great  consequence;  and  because  we  were 
too  sensible  of  our  weakness  to  be  fully  sensible  of  our  rights, 
or  at  least  to  vindicate  them.  But  during  the  course  of  the 
war,  the  weight  and  magnitude  of  America  became  visible;  and 
at  the  peace,  this  great  object  was  (or  at  least  seemed  to  be) 
inseparably  annexed  to  the  crown  of  Britain.  On  the  other 
hand,  we  had  felt  our  own  force,  and  were  relieved  from  a 
neighbour  whose  views  at  that  time  cramped  our  growth  and 
repressed  our  efforts.  The  consequence  of  this  change  was 
instantly  perceived.  Great-Britain  claimed  revenue  and 
dominion.    We  refused  the  one,  and  disputed  the  other. 

The  history  which  Congress  gave  in  their  address  to  America 
of  October  1774,  will  on  this  occasion  deserve  our  serious  at- 
tention. It  is  as  follows:  "Soon  after  the  conclusion  of  the  late 
war,  there  commenced  a  memorable  change  in  the  treatment  of 
these  colonies.  By  a  statute  made  in  the  fourth  year  of  the 
present  reign,  a  time  of  profound  peace,  alleging  "the  expe- 
diency of  new  provisions  and  regulations  for  extending  the 
commerce  between  Great-Britain  and  his  majesty's  dominions 
in  America,  and  the  necessity  of  raising  a  revenue  in  the  said 
dominions  for  defraying  the  expences  of  defending,  protecting, 
and  securing  the  same,"  the  commons  of  Great-Britain  under- 
took to  give  and  grant  to  his  majesty  many  rates  and  duties, 
to  be  paid  in  these  colonies.  To  enforce  the  observance  of  this 
act,  il  prescribes  a  great  number  of  severe  penalties  and  for- 
feitures; and  in  two  sections  makes  a  remarkable  distinction 
between  the  subjects  in  Great-Britain  and  those  in  America. 
By  the  one  the  penalties  and  forfeitures  incurred  there  are  to 
be  recovered  In  any  of  the  king's  courts  of  record  at  West- 
minister, or  in  the  court  ol  exchequer  in  Scotland;  and  by  the 
other,  the  penalties  and  forfeitures  incurred  here  are  to  be 
recovered  in  any  court  of  record,  or  in  any  court  of  admiralty, 
or  vice  admiralty,  at  the  election  of  the  informer  or  prose- 
cutar. 

The  inliabitants  of  these  colonies,  confiding  in  the  Justice 

were  ocarcely  allowed  sufficient  time  to  re- 
mt  hefore  another,  well  known  by  the 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  525 

name  of  the  etamp  act,  aad  passed  in  tbe  flttb  year  ol  this 
reign,  engroesed  their  whole  attentian.  By  this  statute  the 
British  parliament  exerolsed  In  the  most  expiiclt  manner  a 
tK>wer  ol  taxing  us,  and  extending  the  Jurisdiction  of  courts  of 
admiralty  and  vice  admiralty  In  the  colonies  ts  matters  arising 
within  the  body  of  a  oouniy,  and  directed  the  numerous  penal- 
ties and  forfeitures  thereby  Inflicted  to  be  recovered  In  the  said 


In  the  same  year  a  tax  was  Imposed  upon  us  by  an  act  estab- 
lishing several  new  tees  In  the  customs.  In  the  next  year  the 
stamp  act  was  repealed;  not  because  it  was  founded  <n  an 
errooeouB  principle,  but  as  the  repeating  act  recltea,  because 
the  "continuance  thereof  would  be  attended  wl>h  many 
"Inconvenlencles,  and  might  be  productive  of  consequences 
"greatly  detrimental  to  the  comn^rclal  Interest  of  Great 
"BrliaJn." 

In  the  same  year  and  by  a  subsequent  act  It  was  declared, 
"that  his  majertly  in  parliament  of  right  had  power  to  bind 
"the  people  of  these  colonies  by  statutes  In  all  cases  whal- 


In'the  same  year  another  act  was  passed,  for  imposing  rates 
and  duUes  payable  In  th^e  colonies.  In  this  statute  the  com- 
mons avoiding  the  terms  of  giving  and  granting,  "humbly  be- 
"songht  bis  majesty  that  It  might  be  enacted,  Ac."  But  from 
a  declaration  In  the  preamble,  that  the  ratea  and  duties  were 
"4a  lien  or'  several  others  granted  by  the  statute  first  before 
mentioned  tor  raising  a  revenue,  and  from  some  other  ex- 
pressions it  appears  that  these  duties  were  intended  tar  that 
purpose. 

In  the  next  year,  [1TS7]  an  act  was  made  "to  enable  his 
"majesty  to  put  the  customs  and  other  duties  In  America 
"under  the  management  ot  commissioners.  &c.'  And  the  king 
thereupon  erected  the  present  expensive  t>oard  of  commis- 
sioners, (or  the  express  purpose  of  carrying  into  execution  tTie 
several  acts  relating  to  the  revenue  and  trade  In  America. 

After  the  repeal  ot  the  stamp  act,  having  again  resigned 
ourselves  to  our  ancient  unsuspicious  atfecUons  for  the  parent 
state,  and  anxious  to  avoid  any  controversy  with  her.  In  hopes 
of  a  favorable  alteration  in  sentlmenis  and  measures  towards 
us,  we  did  not  press  our  objections  against  tbe  above  men- 
tloned  statutes  made  tiubsequent  to  that  repeal. 


« 
it 


526  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

Administration,  attributing  to  trifling  causes  a  conduct  that 
really  proceeded  from  generous  motives,  were  encouraged  in 
the  same  year  [1767]  to  make  a  bolder  experiment  on  the 
patience  of  America. 

By  a  statute  commonly  called  the  glass,  paper  and  tea  act, 
made  fifteen  months  after  the  repeal  of  the  stamp  act,  the  com- 
mons of  Great-Britain  resumed  their  former  language,  and 
again  undertook  to  "give  and  grant  rates  and  duties  to  be  paid 
"in  these  colonies,"  for  the  express  purpose  of  "raising  a 
"revenue  to  defray  the  charges  of  the  administration  of  justice, 
the  support  of  civil  government,  and  defending  the  king's 
dominions"  on  this  continent.  The  penalties  and  forfeitures 
incurred  under  this  statute,  are  to  be  recovered  in  the  same 
manner  with  those  mentioned  in  the  foregoing  acts. 

To  this  statute  so  naturally  tending  to  disturb  the  tran- 
quility then  universal  throughout  the  colonies,  parliament  in 
the  same  session  added  another  no  less  extraordinary. 

Ever  since  the  making  th<^  present  peace,  a  standing  army 
has  been  kept  in  these  colonies;  from  respect  for  the  mother 
country  the  innovation  was  not  only  tolerated,  but  the  pro- 
vincial legislatures  generally  made  provision  for  supplying  the 
troops. 

The  assembly  of  the  province  of  New- York,  having  passed 
an  act  of  this  kind,  but  differing  in  some  articles  from  the 
directions  of  the  act  of  parliament  made  in  the  fifth  year  of 
this  reign,  the  house  of  representatives  in  that  colony  was 
prohibited  by  a  statute  made  in  the  last  session  mentioned, 
from  making  any  bill,  order,  resolution,  or  vote,  except  for 
adjourning  or  chusing  a  speaker,  until  provision  should  be 
made  by  the  said  assembly  for  furnishing  the  troops  within 
that  province  not  only  wilh  all  such  necessaries  as  were  re- 
quired by  the  statute  which  they  were  charged  with  disobey  ng, 
but  also  with  those  required  by  two  other  subsequent  statutes, 
which  were  declared  to  be  in  force  until  the  twenty-fourth 
day  of  March,  1769. 

These  statutes  of  ihe  year  1767,  revived  the  apprehensions 
and  discontents  that  had  entirely  subsided  on  the  repeal  of  the 
stamp  act;  and  amidst  the  just  fears  and  jealousies  thereby 
occasioned,  a  statute  was  made  in  the  next  year  [1768]  to 
establish  courts  of  admiralty  and  vice  admiralty  on  a  new 
model,  expressly  for  the  end  of  more  effectually  recovering  of 
the  penalties  and  forfeitures  inflicted  by  acts  of  parliament, 
framed  for  the  purpose  of  raising  a  revenue  in  America,  &c. 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  627 

The  Immediate  tendency  ot  these  statutes  Is.  to  subvert 
the  right  ol  having:  a  ohare  In  legislation,  by  render.ng;  as- 
semblies useless;  the  right  of  property,  by  taking  the  money  ol 
the  colonists  without  their  consent;  the  rlgbt  ot  trial  by  Jury, 
by  substituting  In  their  place  trials  in  adm:ral[y  and  rice  ad- 
miralty courts,  where  single  Judges  preside,  holddng  their 
commissions  during  pl&asure;  and  unduly  to  InQuence  the 
courts  or  common  law,  by  rendering  the  Judges  thereof  toully 
dependent  on  the  crown  for  their  salaries. 

These  statu^ee,  not  to  mention  many  others  exceedingly  ex- 
ceptionable, compared  one  with  another,  will  be  tound  not  only 
to  form  a  regular  system.  In  which  every  part  has  great  force, 
but  also  a  pertinacious  adherence  to  that  system  lor  subjugat- 
ing these  colonies,  that  are  not,  and  From  local  circumatanceB 
cannot  be  represented  lo  ihe  house  of  commons,  to  the  un- 
controulable  and  unlimited  power  ot  parliament.  In  violation 
of  their  undoubted  rights  and  liberties— In  contempt  o(  their 
bumble  and  repeated  supplications. 

Severs  aa  the  acts  of  parliament  before  mentioned  are,  yet 
the  conduct  of  administration  hath  Ijeen  equally  injurious,  and 
irritating  to  this  devoted  country. 

Under  pretence  ot  gavernmg  them,  so  many  new  institutions 
uniformly  rigid  and  dangerous  have  been  ioiroduced.  as  could 
only  be  expected  from  Incensed  masters,  for  collecting  t^he 
tribute  or  rather  the  plunder  of  conquered  provinces. 

By  an  order  ol  the  king,  the  authority  of  the  commander 
In  chief,  and  under  him  of  the  brigadier  generals.  In  time  of 
peace,  la  rendered  supreme  in  all  the  civil  governments  In 
America;  and  thus  an  uncontroulable  military  power  Is  vested 
In  officers  not  known  to  the  cunstltutlon  of  these  colonies. 

A  large  body  of  troops,  i 
of  war,  have  been  sent  to 
their  consent. 

Bspenaive  and  Oppressive  offices  have  bfen  multiplied,  and 
the  acts  ot  corruption  industriously  practised  to  divide  and 
destroy. 

The  Judges  of  the  admiralty  and  vice  admiralty  courts  are 
Impowered  to  receive  their  salaries  and  lees  from  the  effects 
to  be  condemned  by  themselves. 

The  commissioners  of  the  customs  are  Impowered  to  break 
open  and  enter  bouses  without  the  authority  ot  any  civil 
magistrate  founded  on  legal  Information. 


528  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

Judges  of  courts  of  common  law  have  been  made  entirely 
dependent  on  the  crown  for  their  commissions  and  salaries. 

A  court  has  been  established  at  Rhode-Island,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  taking  colonists  to  England  to  be  tried. 

Humble  and  reasonable  petitions  from  the  representatives  of 
the  people,  have  been  frequently  treated  with  contempt;  and 
assemblies  have  been  repeatedly  and  arbitrarily  dissolved. 

From  some  few  instances  it  will  sufficiently  appear,  on  what 
pretences  of  justice  those  dissolutions  have  been  founded. 

The  tranquillity  of  the  colonies  having  been  again  disturbed, 
as  has  been  mentioned,  by  the  statutes  of  the  year  1767,  the 
earl  of  Hillsborough,  secretary  of  state,  in  a  letter  to  governor 
Bernard,  dated  April  22,  1768,  censures  the  "presumption"  of 
the  house  of  representatives  for  ''resolving  upon  a  measure  of 
so  inflammatory  a  nature,  as  that  of  writing  to  the  other 
colonies,  on  the  subject  of  their  intended  representations 
"against  some  late  acis  of  parliament;"  then  declares,  that  "his 
"majesty  considers  this  step  as  evidently  tending  to  create 
."unwarrantable  combinations,  to  excite  an  unjustifiable  oppo- 
"sition  to  the  constitutional  authority  of  parliament;"  and 
afterwards  adds,  "it  is  the  king's  pleasure,  that  as  soon  as 
"the  general  court  is  again  assembled,  at  the  time  prescribed 
"by  the  charter,  you  should  require  of  the  house  of  represen- 
"tatives,  in  his  majesty's  name,  to  rescind  the  resolution 
"wh  ch  gave  birth  to  tne  circular  letter  from  the  speaker,  and 
"to  declare  their  disapprobation  of  and  dissent  to  that  rash  and 
"hasty  proceeding." 


it 
it 


If  the   new   assembly   should   refuse  to   comply  with   his 
majesty's  reasonable  expectation,   it  is  the  king's  pleasure, 
"that  you  should  immediately  dissolve  them." 

This  letter  being  laid  before  the  house,  and  the  resolution  not 
being  rescinded  according  to  order,  the  assembly  was  dis- 
solved. A  letter  of  a  similar  nature  was  sent  to  other  gov- 
ernors, to  procure  resolutions,  approving  the  conduct  of  the 
representatives  of  Massachusetts-Bay,  to  be  rescinded  also; 
and  the  houses  of  representatives  in  other  colonies  refusing 
to  comply,  their  assemblies  were  dissolved. 

These  mandates  spoke  a  language  to  which  the  ears  of 
English  subjects  hd.l  for  several  generations  been  strangers. 
The  nature  of  assemblies  impl  es  a  power  and  right  of  drlibera- 
tion;  but  these  commands,  proscribing  the  exercise  oi  judg- 
ment on  the  propriery  of  the  requisitions  made,  left  to  the  as- 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  62» 

sambllea  only  the  election  between  dictated  Bubmiselon,  and 
threatened  punishment;  a  punlabment  too  founded  on  no  other 
act  than  such  as  Is  deemed  Innocent  even  in  slaves — of  agree- 
ing in  petttlonB  for  redress  of  grievances  that  equally  adect  all. 
The  hostile  and  unJustiBahls  Invasion  of  the  town  of  BoBton 
soon  followed  these  events  in  the  same  year;  though  that  toWD, 
the  province  In  which  It  la  situated,  and  all  the  colonies  from 
abhorrence  of  a  contest  with  their  parent  state,  permitted  the 
execution  even  of  those  Btatutes  against  which  Ihey  so  unani- 
mously wera  complaining,  remonstrating  and  supplicating. 

Administration,  determined  to  subdue  a  spirit  of  freedom 
which  BngllBb  ministers  should  have  re]a:ced  to  cherish,  en- 
tered Into  a  monopolizing  combination  with  the  East-India 
company,  to  send  to  this  continent  vast  quantlllea  of  tea,  an 
article  on  which  a  duty  was  laid  by  a  statute  that  In  a  particu- 
lar manner  attacked  the  liberties  of  America,  and  which  there- 
tore  the  Inhabitants  of  tbeae  colonies  bad  reaolv«d  not  to  Im- 
port Tbe  cargo  sent  to  South-Carolina  was  stored,  and  not 
allowed  to  be  sold.  Those  sent  to  Philadelphia  and  New-Tork 
ware  not  permitted  to  be  landed.  That  sent  to  Boston  was 
destroyed,  because  governor  Hutchinson  would  not  suffer  it  to 
be  returned. 

On  the  IntelUgence  of  these  tranaactlons  arriving  In  Qreat- 
Brltaln,  the  public  spirited  town  last  mentioned  was  singled 
out  for  destruction,  and  It  was  determined  the  province  it 
belongs  to  should  partake  of  Its  fate.  In  the  last  session  ot 
parliament  therefore  wer«  passed  the  acts  for  shutting  up  the 
ports  of  Boston,  indemnifying  the  murderers  of  the  inhabitants 
of  Haasachuaetta-Bay,  and  changing  their  chartered  constitu- 
tion of  government.  To  enforce  these  acta,  that  province  is 
again  Invaded  by  a  fleet  and  army. 

To  mention  these  oulrageous  proceedings,  is  sufBclEnt  to 
explain  them.  For  though  It  la  pretended  that  the  province  ot 
Has3achusettH-Bay  has  tieen  particularly  diareapectfui  to  Great- 
Britain,  yet  Id  truth  the  behaviour  of  the  people  In  other 
colonies,  haa  been  an  equal  "opposition  to  the  power  assumed 
"by  parliament."  No  step  however  has  been  taken  against 
any  of  the  real.  This  artful  conduct  cooceala  several  designs. 
It  la  expected  that  the  province  ot  Massa^^huse'ta-Bay  will  be 
Irritated  into  some  violent  action  that  may  displease  the  rest 
of  the  continent,  or  that  may  induce  the  people  of  Great- 
Britain  to  approve  the  meditated  vengeance  of  an  imprudent 
and  exasperated  ministry.  If  the  unexampled  paclQc  temper 
34-7-3d  Ser. 


630  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

of  that  province  shall  disappoint  this  part  of  the  plan,  it  is 
hoped  the  other  colonies  will  be  so  far  intimidated  as  to  desert 
th«ir  brethren,  suffering  in  a  common  cause,  and  that  thus 
disunited,  all  may  be  subdued. 

To  promote  these  designs,  another  measure  has  been  pursued. 
In  'the  session  of  parliament  last  mentioned,  an  act  was  passed 
for  changing  the  government  of  Quebec,  by  which  act  the 
Roman  catholic  religion,  instead  of  being  tolerated,  as  stipu- 
lated by  the  treaty  of  peace, is  established;  and  the  people  there 
are  deprived  of  a  right  to  an  assembly,  trials  by  jury,  and  the 
English  laws  in  civil  cases  are  abolished,  and  instead  thereof 
the  French  laws  are  established,  in  direct  violation  of  his 
majesty's  promise  by  his  royal  proclamation,  under  the  faith 
of  which  many  English  subjects  settled  in  that  province;  and 
the  limits  of  that  province  are  extended  so  as  to  comprehend 
those  vast  regions  that  lie  adjoining  to  the  northerly  and  west- 
erly boundaries  of  these  colonies. 

The  authors  of  this  arbitrary  arrangement  flatter  themselves, 
that  the  inhabitants  deprived  of  liberty,  and  artfully  provoked 
against  vhose  of  another  religion,  will  be  proper  instruments 
for  assisting  in  the  oppression  of  such  as  differ  from  them  in 
the  modes  of  government  and  faith. 

From  the  detail  of  facts  herein  before  recited,  as  well  as 
from  authentic  intelligence  received,  it  is  clear  beyond  a  doubt, 
that  a  resolution  is  formed  and  now  carrying  into  execution, 
to  extinguish  the  freedom  of  these  colonies  by  subjecting  them 
to  a  despotic  government. 

For  the  redress  of  these  grievances,  the  Congress  of  America, 
instead  of  flying  to  arms,  which,  however  justifiable,  would 
not  perhaps  have  been  wise,  and  which  certainly  ought  as 
much  as  possible  to  be  avoided,  presented  a  petition  to  (he 
king,  which  after  taking  notice  of  the  several  executive  and 
legislative  acts  before  mentioned,  proceeds  thus. — "To  a 
sovereign  who  glories  in  the  name  of  Briton,  the  bare  recital 
of  these  acts  must,  we  presume,  justify  the  loyal  subjects  who 
fly  to  the  foot  of  his  throne,  and  Implore  his  clem-ncy  for  pro- 
tection against  them. 

From  this  destructive  system  of  colony  administration, 
adopted  since  the  conclusion  of  the  last  war.  have  flowel  those 
distresses,  dangers,  fears  and  j-^alou.sies  that  overwhelm  your 
majesty's  dutiful  colouists  wiih  affliction ;  and  we  defy  our  most 
subtle  and  inveterate  enemies  to  trace  the  unhappy  d  fferences 
between    Great-Britain    and    these    colonies,    from    an    earlier 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  531 

period,  or  Trom  ocher  causes,  than  we  have  assigiied.  Had  they 
proceeded  od  our  own  part  trom  a  restless  levity  of  temper,  un- 
just Impulses  of  ambition,  or  aritul  siiggestloDS  of  seditious 
persons,  we  should  merit  the  opprobrious  terms  frequently  be- 
stowed upon  us  by  those  we  revere.  But  so  far  from  promoting 
inn 0 vat  on s,  we  have  only  opposed  them;  and  can  be  charged 
with  no  oltence  unless  It  be  one  to  receive  Injuries  and  be 
sensible  of  them. 

'Had  our  creator  been  pleased  to  give  us  existence  in  a  land 
of  slavery,  the  sense  of  our  condition  might  have  been  miti- 
gated by  Ignorance  and  habit.  But,  thanks  be  to  his  adorable  ' 
goodness,  we  were  born  the  heirs  of  freedom,  and  ever  enjoyed 
our  right  under  the  auspices  of  your  royal  ancestors,  whose 
tamlly  was  seated  on  the  British  throne  to  rescue  and  secure  a 
pious  and  gallant  nation  from  the  despotism  of  a  superatitlO'is 
and  Inexorable  tyrant.  Your  majesty,  we  are  ciMifldent,  justly 
rejoices  that  your  title  to  the  crown  Is  thus  founded  on  the  title 
of  your  people  to  liberty;  and  therefore,  we  doubt  not  but  your 
royal  wisdom  must  approve  the  sensibility  that  teaches  your 
subjects  anxiously  to  guard  the  blessing  they  received  from 
Divine  Providence,  and  thereby  to  prove  the  performance  of 
that  compact  which  elevated  the  illustrious  house  of  Bruns- 
wick to  the  Imperial  dignity  it  now  possesses. 

The  apprehension  of  being  degraded  Into  a  state  of  servitude 
from  the  pre-eminent  rank  of  English  freemen,  while  our 
minds  retain  the  strongest  love  of  liberty  and  clearly  foresee 
the  miseries  preparing  for  us  and  our  posterity,  excites  emo- 
tions In  our  breasts,  which  though  we  cannot  describe,  we 
should  not  wish  to  conceal.  Feeling  as  men.  and  thinking  as 
subjects  In  the  manner  we  do,  silence  would  be  d'sloyaUy.  By 
giving  this  faithful  Information,  we  do  all  in  our  power  to 
promote  the  great  objects  of  your  royal  cares,  the  tranquillity 
of  your  government,  and  the  welfare  of  }'our  people. 

Duly  to  your  majesty,  and  regard  tor  the  preservation  of 
oivselves  and  our  posterity,  the  primary  obligations  of  nature 
and  society,  command  us  to  entreat  your  royal  attention;  and 
as  your  majesty  enjoys  the  signal  distinction  of  reigning  over 
freemen,  we  apprehend  the  language  of  freemen  cannot  be 
displeasing.  Your  royal  Indignation,  we  hope,  wilt  rather  fall 
on  those  designing  and  dangerous  men  who  daringly  interpos- 
ing themselves  between  your  royal  person  and  your  faithful 
subjects,  and  for  several  years  past  incessantly  employed  to 
dissolve  ihe  bonds  of  society,  by  abusing  your  majesty's  au- 


£32  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

thority,  misrepresenting  your  American  subjects,  and  prosecut- 
ing the  most  desperate  and  irritating  projects  of  oppression, 
have  at  length  compelled  us  by  the  force  of  accumulated  in- 
juries, too  severe  to  be  any  longer  tolerable,  to  disturb  your 
majesty's  repose  by  our  complaints. 

These  sentiments  are  extorted  from  hearts  that  much  more 
willingly  would  tleed  in  your  majesty's  service.  Yet  so  greatly 
have  we  been  misrepresented,  that  a  necessity  has  been  alleged 
of  taking  our  property  from  us  without  our  consent,  "to  defray 
the  charge  of  the  administration  of  justice,  the  support  of  civil 
government,  and  the  defence,  protection,  and  security  of  the 
colonies."*  But  we  beg  leave  to  assure  your  majesty,  that  such 
provision  has  been  and  will  be  made  for  defraying  the  two  first 
articles  as  has  been  and  shall  be  judged  by  the  legislatures  of 
the  several  colonies  just  and  suitable  to  their  respective  cir- 
cumstances; and  for  the  defence,  protection,  and  security  of 
the  colonies,  their  militias  if  properly  regulated,  as  they 
earnestly  desire  may  immediately  be  done,  would  be  fully  suffi- 
cient at  least  in  timefi  of  peace;  and  in  case  of  war,  your  faith- 
ful colonists  will  be  ready  and  willing,  as  they  ever  have  been 
when  constitutionally  required,  to  demonstrate  their  loyalty 
to  your  majesty,  by  exerting  their  most  strenuous  efforts  in 
granting  supplies  and  raising  forces. 

Yielding  to  no  British  subjects  in  affectionate  attachment  to 
your  majesty's  person,  family,  and  government,  we  too  dearly 
prize  the  privilege  of  expressing  that  attachment  by  those 
proofs  that  are  honourable  to  the  prince  who  receives  them, 
and  to  the  people  who  give  them,  ever  to  resign  it  to  any  body 
of  men  upon  earth.  Had  we  been  permitted  to  enjoy  dn  quiet 
the  inheritance  left  us  by  our  forefathers,  we  should  at  this 
time  have  been  peaceably,  cheerfully,  and  usefully  employed  in 
recommending  ourselves  by  every  testimony  of  devotion  to 
your  majesty,  and  of  veneration  to  the  state  from  which  we 
derive  our  origin.  But  though  now  exposed  to  unexpected  and 
unnatural  scenes  of  distress  by  a  contention  with  that  nation 
in  whose  parental  guidance  on  all  important  affairs  we  have 
hitherto,  with  filial  reverence,  constantly  trusted,  and  therefore 
can  derive  no  instruction  in  our  present  unhappy  and  perplex- 
ing circumstances  from  any  former  experience;  yet,  we  doubt 
not,  the  purity  of  our  intentions  and  the  integr:ty  of  our  con- 
duct will  justify  us  at  that  grand  tribunal  before  which  all 
mankind  must  submit  to  judgment. 

We  ask  but  for  peace,  liberty,  and  safety.  We  wish  not  a 
diminution  of  the  prerogLtlve,  nor  do  we  solicit  the  grant  of 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  63S 

any  new  right  In  our  favour.  Your  royal  authority  over  ua 
and  our  couneiion  with  Great- BrltaJu,  we  ahall  alwaya  care- 
fully and  lealously  endeivour  to  support  and  malntaiu. 

Pilled  with  eentlments  of  duty  to  your  majcstr  and  of  affec- 
tion to  our  parent  state,  deeply  impressed  by  our  education, 
and  Btrongly  conBrmed  by  our  reason,  and  anxious  to  evince 
the  sincerity  of  these  dlaposltions,  we  present  this  petition  only 
to  obtain  redress  of  grievances,  and  relief  from  fears  and 
Jealousies  occasioned  by  the  system  of  statutes  and  regulations 
adopted  since  the  close  of  the  last  war  for  raising  a  revenue 
In  America — extending  the  powers  of  courts  of  admiralty  and 
vice  admiralty — trying  persons  In  Oreat-Brlti^in  tor  offences 
allogod  to  ba  committed  In  America — affecting  the  province  of 
Hassachusettfl-Bay— and  altering  the  government  and  extend-* 
Ing  the  llmltfl  of  Quebec;  by  the  abolition  of  which  system,  the 
harmony  between  Great-Britain  and  these  colonies,  so  neces- 
aary  to  the  happiness  of  both,  and  so  ardently  desired  by  the 
latter,  and  the  usual  Intercourses  will  be  immediately  restored. 
In  the  magnanimity  and  Justice  of  your  majesty  and  parlia- 
ment we  conflde  for  3  redress  of  our  other  grievances,  trusting, 
that  when  the  causes  of  our  apprehensions  are  removed,  our 
fnture  conduct  will  prove  us  not  unworthy  of  the  regard  we 
have  been  accustomed,  in  our  happier  days,  to  enjoy.  For  ap- 
pealing to  that  Being  who  searches  thoroughly  the  hearts  of 
Ills  creatures,  w«  solemnly  profess  that  our  coanclla  liave  twen 
influenced  by  no  other  motive  than  a  dread  of  impending  de- 
struction. 

Permit  us  then,  most  gracious  sovereign.  In  the  name  of  all 
your  faithful  people  In  America,  with  the  utmost  humility,  to 
implore  you  for  the  honour  of  Almighty  God,  whose  pure 
religion  our  enemies  are  undermining;  for  your  glory  which 
can  be  advanced  only  by  rendering  your  subjects  happy  and 
Iceep-ng  them  united;  for  the  interests  of  your  family  depend- 
ing on  an  adherence  to  the  principles  that  enthroned  li;  for 
the  safety  and  welfare  of  your  kingdoms  and  dominions 
threatened  with  almost  unavoidable  dangers  and  distresses, 
that  your  majesty,  as  the  loving  father  of  your  whole  people, 
connected  by  the  same  bonds  of  law,  loyalty,  faith,  and  blood, 
though  dwelling  In  various  countries,  will  not  suffer  the  tran- 
scendent relation  formed  by  these  tics  to  be  farther  violated 
in  uncertain  expectation  of  effects,  which  If  attained,  never  can 
compensate  for  the  calamities  (brougb  which  they  must  be 


634  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

We  therefore  most  earnestly  beseech  your  majesty,  that  your 
royal  authority  and  interposition  may  be  used  for  our  relief, 
and  that  a  gracious  answer  may  be  given  to  this  petition. 

That  your  majesty  may  enjoy  every  felicity  through  a  long 
and  glorious  reign  over  loyal  and  happy  subjects,  and  that 
your  descttndents  may  inherit  your  prosperity  and  dominions 
till  time  shall  be  no  more,  is,  and  always  will  be  our  sincere 
and  fervent  prayer." 

But  as  the  king  of  England  was  not  our  only  opponent,  but 
as  it  were  the  ally  of  our  fellow  subjects  who  had  -taken  upon 
themselves  to  claim  dominion  over  us, — and  as  it  is  a  melan- 
choly truth  that  to  make  men  reason,  they  must  be  made  to 
.  feel, — ^so  the  Congress  to  induce  the  people  of  Qreat-Britain  to 
recede  from  their  extravagant  demands,  did,  for  themselves 
and  their  constituents,  agree  and  associate  as  follows,  to  wit: 

"First,  That  from  and  after  the  -first  day  of  December  next, 
we  will  not  import  into  British  America,  from  Great-Britain  or 
Ireland,  any  goods,  ware  or  merchandize  whatsoever,  or  from 
any  other  place,  any  such  goods,  wares,  or  merchandize,  as 
shall  have  been  exported  from  Great-Britain  or  Ireland;  nor 
will  we  after  that  day  import  any  East-India  tea  from  any  part 
of  the  world;  nor  any  molasses,  syrups,  paneles,  coffee,  or 
pimento,  from  the  British  plantations  or  from  Dominica;  nor 
wines  from  Madeira,  or  the  western  islands;  nor  foreign  indigo. 

"Secondly,  We  will  neither  import  nor  purchase  any  slave 
imported  after  the  first  day  of  December  next;  after  which 
time  we  will  wholly  discontinue  the  slave  trade,  and  will 
neither  be  concerned  in  it  ourselves,  nor  will  we  hire  our 
vessels,  nor  sell  our  commodities  or  manufactiu'es  to  those  who 
are  concerned  in  it. 

"Thirdly,  As  a  non-consump:ion  agreement  strictly  adhered 
to,  will  be  an  effectual  security  for  the  observation  of  the  non- 
importation, we,  as  above,  solemnly  agree  and  associate,  that 
from  this  day  we  will  not  purchase  or  use  any  tea  imported  on 
account  of  the  East-India  company,  or  any  on  which  a  duty 
hath  been  or  shall  be  paid;  and  from  and  after  the  first  day  of 
March  next,  we  will  not  purchase  or  use  any  East-India  tea 
whatever;  nor  will  we,  nor  shall  any  person  for  or  under  us, 
purchase  or  use  any  of  those  goods,  wares  or  merchandize,  we 
have  agreed  not  to  import,  which  we  shall  know  or  have  cause 
to  suspect  were  imported  after  the  first  day  of  December,  ex- 
cept such  as  come  under  the  rules  and  directions  of  the  tenth 
article  hereafter  mentioned. 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  63G 

"Fourthly,  The  earnest  desire  wa  have  not  to  injure  our  fel- 
low cubjects  In  Oreat-Brltaln,  Ireland,  or  the  West-Indlea,  In- 
duces ua  to  flUBpend  a  non -exportation,  until  the  tenth  day  of 
September,  1776;  at  which  time.  If  the  said  acts  and  parts  of 
acta  of  the  British  parliament  herein  after  mentioned  are  not 
repealed,  we  will  not,  directly  or  Indirectly  export  any  mer- 
chandize or  commodity  whatsoever  to  Oreat-Brltaln,  Ireland, 
or  the  Weet-Indlee,  except  rice  to  Eur^e." 

And  to  inforce  and  explain  the  reasone  of  this  measure,  they 
published  an  address  to  the  people  of  Great-Britain.  Wboerer 
shall  read  the  history  of  these  tranaactlone  In  a  future  E«e,  will 
perhaps  be  astonished  that  after  the  design  of  our  enemies  was 
thus  clearly  manifested,  no  other  measures  were  taken  to 
counteract  them.  To  suppose  that  they  would  give  up  the  plaiv 
BO  regularly  formed  and  so  deliberately  undertaken,  without 
the  moat  cogent  necessity,  was  certainly  absurd.  War  there- 
fore should  have  been  considered  as  inevitable,  and  every  pro- 
vision made  tor  It  by  large  Importations  of  cloatblng  and  mili- 
tary stores,  aa  well  as  by  negotiatloaa  with  the  rivals  of  Great- 
Britain. 

These  things  however  were  not  only  neglected,  bat  the  direct 
contrary  road  was  pursued;  so  that  the  war  really^found  us  in 
a  situation  far  more  naked  and  unprovided  than  was  natural 
to  us.  In  answer  to  this  however  It  la  to  be  observed  again, 
that  mankind  reason  from  theJr  feelings.  That  we  were  really 
attached  to  Great-Britain,  and  sought  only  to  be  united  to  her, 
it  It  were  possible  to  be  so,  without  the  total  proatratlon  of  all 
our  rights.  This  attachment  In  (act  blinded  us  to  our  Interests 
BO  eBectually,  that  a  preparation  tor  war,  or  a  threat  of  dn- 
dependence,  would  have  created  the  most  violent  ferment. 
Congress  (whatever  may  bave  be^n  their  private  sentiments) 
were  then,  as  at  present,  under  a  necessity  of  conforming  to 
the  papular  opinion.  Great  reliance  was  placed  upon  the 
clemency  0(  the  prince,  the  Justice  of  the  people,  and  the  com- 
mercial Interests  of  the  empire.  Besides  all  this,  war  w4th 
Great-Britain  was  a  most  aertous  object.  It  would  have  been 
such  to  any  power  on  earth.  Success  was  at  least  highly 
doubtful.  The  consequence  of  victory  on  their  part  must  have 
b'^en  on  our  a  total  subjection.  However  clear  might  be  the 
right  of  resistance  In  cases  of  absolute  necessity,  It  seemed  to 
be  highly  proper,  that  this  necessity  should  clearly  appear  be- 
fore Che  previous  steps  to  resistance  were  taken.  On  the  whole, 
It  was  perhaps  hardly  Justifiable  to  appeal  to  arms  while  the 
remotes:  probability  remained  of  obtaining  without  them  the 
great  object  of  peace,  liberty  and  safety. 


636  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

It  was  in  conformity  to  these  sentiments,  that  on  the  11th 
of  October,  1774,  the  Congress  wrote  a  letter  to  general  Gage, 
intreating  him  to  forbear  measures  tending  to  irritate  the 
people  of  Massachusetts-Bay,  and  at  the  same  time,  "resolved 
unanimously,  that  they  be  advised  still  to  conduct  themselves 
peaceably  towards  his  excellency  general  Gage,  and  his 
majesty's  troops  now  stationed  in  the  town  of  Boston,  as  far 
as  can  poss'bly  be  consistent  with  their  immediate  safety,  and 
the  security  of  the. town;  avoiding  and  discountenancing  every 
violation  of  his  majesty's  property,  or  any  insult  to  his  troops; 
and  that  they  peaceably  and  firmly  persevere  in  the  line  they 
are  now  conducting  themselves  on  the  defensive." 

This  Congress  having  given  it  as  their  opinion  that  another 
should  meet  on  the  tenth  of  May  then  next,  dissolved  itself  on 
the  26th  of  October. 

It  appears  that  while  they  were  thus  solicitous  for  peace, 
our  enemies  had  taken  tteir  determinations  unalterably;  for 
though  the  letter  of  lord  Dartmouth  to  General  Gage  does  not 
appear,  the  answer  of  the  general  of  the  15th  December,  1774, 
contains  the  fullest  conviction.  He  says, — "Your  lordsh  p's 
idea  of  disarming  certain  provinces  would  doubtless  be  con- 
sistent with  prudence  and  safety;  but  it  neither  is,  nor  has  been 
practicable,  without  having  recourse  to  force,  and  being  mas- 
ters of  the  country." 

Their  consequent  conduct  appears  fully  consonant  with  this 
general  plan;  for  the  petition  to  the  king  received  no  other 
notice  than  to  be  thrown  on  the  table  of  parliament  among 
the  mass  of  American  papers,  by  which  his  intention  to  take 
part  with  our  fellow  subjects  against  us  was  fully  declared. 
His  ministers  avowed  the  determination  to  compel  us  to  obey 
the  acts  they  had  passed;  and  a  very  considerable  force  was 
sent  out  for  that  purpose.  In  the  month  of  February,  a  reso- 
lution was  agreed  to  on  a  motion  of  one  of  the  ministers, 
which  was  at  that  time  called  a  conciliatory  motion;  and 
which  (allowing  us  to  possess  common  sense  and  common 
spirit)  was  directly  the  reverse.  This  will  appear  from  the 
motion  itself,  and  from  the  sense  of  the  second  Congress  upon 
dt. — "The  house  in  a  committee  on  the  American  papers,  mo- 
tion made,  and  question  proposed, 

'*That  it  is  the  opinion  of  this  committee,  that  when  the 
general  council  and  assembly,  or  general  court  of  any  of  his 
majesty's  provinces  or  colonies  In  America,  shall  propose  to 
make  provision  according  to  the  condition,  circumstance,  or 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  537 

titaatlon  of  such  province  or  colony,  for  cantrlbutlns  their 
proportion  to  the  common  defence  (such  proportion  to  be 
raised  under  the  authority  of  the  general  court,  or  general  as- 
sembly of  such  province  or  colony,  and  diBposable  by  parlia- 
ment) and  shall  engage  to  make  provla'.on  also  for  the  support 
of  the  civil  government,  and  the  admlnlstraEion  of  Justice  In 
such  province  or  colony,  tt  will  be  proper.  If  such  proposal 
Bhall  be  approved  by  his  majesty  and  the  two  houeea  of  parlia- 
ment, aad  for  bo  long  as  sucli  provision  shall  be  made  accord- 
ingly, to  forbear  In  respect  ot  sucb  province  or  colony,  to  lay 
any  duty,  tai,  or  asssasment,  escep't  only  sueii  duties  as  :t  may 
be  expedient  to  continue  to  levy  or  Impaae  tor  the  regulation 
of  commerce;  the  net  produce  of  the  duties  last  mentioned  to 
be  carried  to  the  account  of  sucb  province  or  colony  re- 
spectivEly.' 

The  Congress  took  the  said  resolution  into  conslderaUon, 
and  are  thereupon  of  opinion. 

That  the  colonies  of  America  are  entitled  to  the  sole  and 
ezclus'Te  privilege  of  giving  and  granting  their  own  money; 
that  this  Involves  a  right  of  dellberatdng  whether  they  will 
make  any  gift,  lor  what  purposes  It  shall  be  made,  and  what 
shall  be  Its  amount;  and  that  it  Is  a  high  breach  of  ihls  privi- 
lege tor  any  body  ol  men,  eztraneoua  to  their  co  net  I  tut  ion  B.  to 
prescrll>e  the  purpoees  for  which  money  shall  be  levied  on 
them,  to  take  to  themaelves  the  authority  of  Judging  of  their 
cODditloDS,  ciroumstancee  and  situations,  and  of  determining 
the  ajnount  of  the  contribution  to  tie  levied. 

That  as  the  colonies  poeseas  a  right  of  appropriating  their 
girts,  so  are  they  Intltled  at  all  times  to  enquire  Into  their 
application,  to  see  that  they  be  not  wasted  among  the  venal 
and  corrupt,  for  the  purpose  ot  undermining  the  civil  rights 
of  the  givers,  nor  yet  be  diverted  to  the  support  of  standing 
aj-mlea,  inconsiatent  with  their  freedom  and  subversive  ot 
tbelr  quiet.  To  propose  therefore,  as  this  resolution  does, 
that  the  monies  given  by  the  colonies  shall  be  subject  to  the 
disposal  of  parliament  ilone.  Is  to  propose  that  they  shall  re- 
linquish this  right  of  enquiry,  and  put  It  In  the  power  of  others 
to  render  their  gifts  ruincus,  in  proportion  as  they  are  liberal. 

That  this  privilege  of  giving  or  oI  with-holding  our  monies, 
la  an  Important  barrier  against  the  undue  exertion  of  preroga- 
tive, which  it  left  altogether  without  control,  may  be  exerclB::d 
to  our  great  oppression'  and  all  history  shews  how  efficacious 
la  Its  intercession  tor  redress  ot  grievances  and  re-eatabllsh- 


638  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

ment  of  rights,  and  how  improvident  it  would  be  to  part  with 
so  powerful  a  mediator. 

We  are  of  opinion  that  the  proposition  contained  in  this 
resolution  is  unreasonable  and  insidious;  unreasonable,  because 

if  we  declare  we  accede  to  it,  we  declare  without  reservation 
we  will  purchase  the  favoxir  of  parliament,  not  knowing  at 

the  same  time  at  what  price  they  will  please  to  estimate  their 
favour;  it  is  insidious,  because  individual  ooloniee  having  bid 
and  bidden  again,  till  they  find  the  avidity  of  the  seller  too 
great  for  all  th»3ir  powers  to  satisfy,  are  then  to  return  into 
opposition,  divided  from  their  sister  colonies,  whom  the  min- 
ister will  have  previously  detached  by  a  grant  of  easier  terms, 
or  by  an  artful  procrastination  of  a  definitive  answer. 

That  the  suspension  of  the  exercise  of  their  pretended  ^power 
of  taxation  being  expressly  made  commensurate  with  the  con- 
tinuance of  our  gifts,  these  must  be  perpetual  to  make  that 
so.  Whereas  no  experience  has  shewn  that  a  gift  of  perpetual 
revenue  secures  a  perpetual  return  of  duty  or  of  kind  disposi- 
tion. On  the  contrary,  the  parliament  itself  wisely  attentive 
to  this  observation,  are  in  the  established  practice  of  granting 
their  supplies  from  year  to  year  only. 

Desirous  and  determined  as  we  are  to  consider  in  the  most 
dispassionate  view,  every  seeming  advance  towards  a  reconcil- 
iation made  by  the  British  parliament,  let  our  brethren  of 
Britain  reflect  what  would  have  been  the  sacrifice  to  men  of 
free  spirits,  had  even  fa^r  terms  been  profered  as  these  in- 
siduous  proposals  were  with  circumstances  of  insult  and  de- 
fiance. A  proposition  to  give  our  money,  accompanied  with 
large  fieets  and  armies,  seems  addressed  to  our  fears  rather 
than  to  our  freedom.  With  what  patience  would  Britons  have 
received  articles  of  treaty  from  any  power  on  earth,  when 
borne  on  the  point  of  a  bayonet  by  military  plenlpotentaries? 

We  think  the  attempt  unnecessary  to  raise  upon  us  by  force 
or  by  threats  our  proportional  contributions  to  the  common  de- 
fence, when  all  know,  and  themselves  acknowlege,  we  have 
fully  contributed  whenever  called  upon  to  do  so  in  the  char- 
acter of  freemen. 

We  are  of  opinion  it  is  not  just  that  the  colonies  should  be 
required  to  oblige  themselves  to  other  contributions,  while 
Great-Britain  possesses  a  monopoly  of  their  trade.  This  of 
itself  lays  them  under  heavy  contribution.  To  demand  there- 
fore additional  aids  in  the  form  of  a  tax,  is  to  demand  the 
double  of  their  equal  proportion;  if  we  are  to  contribute  equally 


AMERICAN  BBV01.UTI0N.  639 

with  tbe  oltaer  parts  of  the  empire  let  us  equally  with  tbein 
enjoy  tree  commerce  with  the  whole  world.  But  while  the  re- 
Btrictionfl  on  our  trade  shut  to  ub  tbe  resources  at  wealth,  is  It 
}uat  we  should  bear  all  other  burthens  equally  with  those  to 
whom  evM"?  resource  1b  open? 

We  conceive  that  the  British  parliament  has  no  right  to 
intermeddle  with  our  provisions  tor  the  support  ot  civil  govern- 
ment, or  administration  oi  justice.  The  provisions  we  have 
made  are  snch  as  please  ourselves,  and  are  agreeable  to  our 
own  circumstances;  they  answer  the  eubstaniial  purposes  ot 
government  and  or  Justice,  and  other  purpoeea  than  theae 
should  not  be  answered.  We  do  not  mean  that  our  people 
shall  be  burthened  with  oppressive  taxes,  to  provide  fine  cures 
for  the  idle  or  the  wicked,  under  colour  ot  providing  tor  a  civil 
list.  White  parliament  pursue  bhelr  plan  ot  civil  government 
within  their  own  Jurisdiction,  we  also  hope  to  pursue  ours 
without  molestation. 

We  are  <d  opinion,  the  proposition  Is  altogether  unsatistac- 
Cory,  because  It  Imports  only  a  suspension  of  tbe  mode,  not  a 
renunciation  ot  the  pretended  right  to  tax  us;  because  too  It 
does  not  propose  to  repeal  the  several  acts  ot  parliament 
passed  tor  bhe  purposes  of  restraining  the  trade,  and  altering 
the  form  of  government  ot  one  of  our  colonies;  extending  the 
boundaries  and  changing  the  government  of  Quebec;  enlarg- 
ing the  Jurisdiction  of  tbe  courts  of  admiralty  and  vice  admir- 
alty; taking  trom  us  the  rights  of  Irial  by  a  Jury  of  the  vicin- 
age. In  cases  affecting  both  lite  and  property;  transporting  us 
Into  other  countries  to  be  tried  tor  criminal  offences;  exempt- 
ing by  mock-trial  tbe  murderers  ot  colonists  from  punishment; 
and  quarierlng  soldiers  on  us  In  times  of  profound  peace.  Nor 
do  they  renounce  the  pnwer  ot  suspending  our  own  legislatures, 
and  legislating  tor  us  themselves  In  all  cases  whatsoever.  On 
the  contrary,  to  shew  they  mean  no  discontinuance  of  injury, 
they  pass  acts  at  tbe  very  time  ot  holding  out  tb'a  proposition, 
for  restraining  tbe  commerce  and  fisheries  ot  the  provinces  ot 
New-England,  and  tor  interdicting  the  trade  ot  other  colonies 
with  all  foreign  nations,  and  with  each  other.  This  proves 
unequivocally  they  mean  not  to  relinquish  the  exercis°  ot  in- 
discriminate legislation  over  us. 

Upon  tbe  whole,  this  proposition  seems  to  have  been  held  up 
to  the  world,  to  deceive  it  inio  a  belief  that  there  was  nothing 
Indlspute  between  us  but  the  mode  of  levying  taxes;  and  that 
the  parliament  having  now  been  so  good  aa  to  give  up  this,  the 
colonies  are  unreasonable  If  not  perfecUy  satisfied;  whereas 


540  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

In  truth,  our  adversaries  still  claim  a  right  of  demanding  ad 

libitum,  and  of  taxing  us  themselves  to  the  full  amount  of  their 
demand,  if  we  do  not  comply  with  it.  This  leaves  us  without 
any  thing  we  can  call  property.  But  what  is  of  more  im- 
portance, and  what  in  this  proposal  they  keep  out  of  sight,  as 
df  no  such  point  was  now  in  contest  between  us,  they  claim  a 
right  to  alter  our  charters  and  establish  laws,  and  leave  us 
without  aAy  security  for  our  lives  or  liberties.  The  proposition 
seems  also  to  have  been  calculated  more  particularly  to  lull 
into  fatal  security  our  well-affected  fellow  subjects  on  the 
other  side  the  water,  till  time  should  be  given  for  the  operation 
of  those  arms,  which  a  British  minister  pronounced  would  in- 
stantaneously reduce  the  "cowardly"  sons  of  America  to  un- 
reserved submission." 

What  must  always  appear  astonishing  is,  that  the  British 
ministry  could  ever  have  supposed  that  the  proposition  could 
be  satisfactory,  or  rather  that  they  could  harbour  a  doubt,  that 
it  would  be  rejected  with  contempt;  yet  lest  this  should  not  be 
the  case,  no  opportunity  was  ever  given  to  try.  the  efficacy  of 
it;  for  on  the  nineteenth  of  April,  the  fatal  blow  was  struck  at 
Lexington,  which  severed  the  empire.  The  reasons  are  appar- 
ent. Their  force  and  our  weakness  gave  them  unbounded  con- 
fidence. They  supposed  themselves  certain  of  victory.  They 
6upi>osed  us  equally  certain  of  defeat.  Palpable  therefore  as 
was  the  artifice  of  the  conciliatory  motion,  it  was  not  im- 
possible Congress  at  their  meeting  in  May,  might  lay  hold  of 
it  as  a  ground  of  treaty.  If  they  should,  the  good  sense  and 
the  justice  of  our  fellow  subjects  might  have  interposed  to  pre- 
vent our  destruction.  No  time  therefore  was  to  be  lost  in 
putting  that  to  the  issue  of  arms,  which  would  not  bear  the 
test  of  argument.  It  was  hoped  that  the  justice  of  our  cause 
would  be  hidden  by  our  inability  to  support  It;  and  their 
usurpations  disguised  and  adorned  by  the  splendors  of  success. 
Here  then  commences  a  new  era. 

The  unprovoked  hostilities  at  Lexington  gave  fire  as  might 
have  been  expected  to  the  infiamable  dispositions  excited 
throughout  America.  The  call  to  arms  was  general,  and  the 
popular  rage  amounted  almost  to  frenzy.  But  the  emotion  so 
suddenly  and  forcibly  excited,  daily  became  more  moderate. 
The  joys  of  victory  by  degrees  silenced  the  mourning  dirge. 
Wise  and  good  men  interested  themselves  to  assuage  a  temp- 
est, the  bounds  and  effects  of  whose  violence  neither  wisdom 
could  foresee  nor  virtue  confine.  The  partizans  of  Great- 
Britain  (for  strange  as  it  may  seem,  such  there  were)  mingled 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  541 

wJth  their  fellow  cltlz«nB  and  industiiouBly  gave  a  tavourable 
turn  to  this  atrocious  act.  It  was  not  perbape  Impossible  even 
then  to  have  stayed  the  destroylnK  eword.  But  as  the  neigh- 
bouring people  bad  colle:ted  themselves  to  prevent  a.  repetition 
of  the  like  Injuries,  upon  the  arrival  of  the  generals  Howe  and 
Bnrgoyne,  it  was  determined  not  to  suffer  that  spirit  to  evapor- 
ate which  was  deemed  necessary  for  the  purposes  of  domina- 
tion. At  Bunker's  Hill  a  second  and  more  bloody  aacrlflce  waa 
made  to  the  god  of  war  Lest  the  Intended  acU  of  violence 
should  be  attributed  to  accident,  or  to  any  other  cf  the  many 
eausee  which  might  be,  and  which  by  the  friends  of  onr  ene- 
mies actnally  were  assigned,  and  tn  order  to  Intimidate  tha 
great  counoil  of  America  Into  a  mean  and  abject  submission,  a 
person  was  sent  from  the  ministry  to  assure  them  of  the  truth 
of  the  following  paper: 

"TMiat  It  la  earneetty  hoped  by  all  Qte  real  friends  of  the 
Americana,  that  the  terms  expressed  In  the  resolution  of  the 
20th  of  February  last,  will  be  accepted  by  all  the  colonies,  who 
have  the  least  affection  for  their  king  and  country,  or  a  Just 
sense  of  their  own  Interest 

"That  these  terms  are  honourable  for  Oreat-Brttain  and  safe 
lor  the  colondea. 

"That  If  the  colonies  are  not  blinded  by  faction,  these  terms 
will  remove  every  grievance  relative  to  taxation,  and  be  the 
baels  of  a  compact  between  the  colonies  and  Che  mother 
country. 

"That  the  people  In  America  ought,  on  every  consideration, 
to  be  satiefled  with  them. 

"That  no  further  relaxation  can  be  admitted. 

"The  temper  and  spirit  of  the  nation  are  so  much  against 
cimcesslona,  that  It  it  were  the  intention  of  administration, 
they  could  not  carry  the  question. 

"But  administration  have  no  such  intention,  as  they  are  tnlly 
and  firmly  persuaded,  that  further  concessions  would  be  In- 
jurious to  the  colonies  as  well  as  to  Great-Britain. 

"That  there  is  not  the  least  probability  of  a  change  of  ad- 
ministration. 

"That  they  are  perfectly  united  In  opinion,  and  determined  to 
pursue  the  most  etiectual  measures,  and  to  use  the  whole  force 
of  the  kingdom,  if  it  be  found  necessary,  to  reduce  the  rebel- 
lious and  refractory  provinces  and  CDlonlea. 

"There  is  so  great  a  eplrit  In  the  nation  against  the  Congress, 
that  the  people  will  bear  the  temporary  dlstreseea  of  a  stoppage 
of  the  American  trade. 

"They  may  depend  on  this  to  he  true." 


642  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

The  conduct  of  the  Oongress  at  this  time  wore  very  much  the 
appearance  of  pusillanimity,  for  after  the  Lexington  battle, 
while  it  was  expected  that  the  troops  from  Ehigland  would 
arrive  at  New- York,  the  city  and  county  of  New-York,  applied 
through  their  delegates  for  advice  how  to  conduct  themselves; 
— upon  which  it  was 

"Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended,  for  the  present,  to  the 
inhabitants  of  New- York,  that  if  the  troops  which  are  expected 
should  arrive,  the  said  colony  act  on  the  defensive,  so  long 
as  may  be  consistent  with  their  safety  and  security;  that  the 
troops  be  permitted  to  remain  in  the  barracks,  so  long  as  they 
behave  peaceably  and  quietly;  but  that  they  be  not  suffered  to 
erect  fortifications,  or  take  any  steps  for  cutting  off  the  com- 
munication between  the  town  and  country;  and  that  if  they 
commit  hostilities,  or  invade  private  property,  the  inhabitants 
should  defend  themselves  and  their  property,  and  repel  force 
by  force;  that  warlike  stores  be  removed  from  the  town;  that 
places  of  retreat,  in  case  of  necessity,  be  provided  for  the  wo- 
men and  children  of  New- York;  and  that  a  sufficient  number  of 
men  be  embodied,  and  kept  in  constant  readiness  for  protect- 
ing the  inhabitants  from  insult  and  injury." 

But  it  must  be  remembered,  that  affairs  were  then  in  a  very 
critical  situation.  Hudson's  river,  which  hath  been  considered 
as  the  key  of  America,  was  in  the  power  of  the  enemy,  if  they 
chose  to  take  it.  The  people  of  that  colony  were  much  divided 
in  sentiment;  the  ministry  had  many  partizans  among  them, 
excited  by  the  hope  of  honours  and  rewards;  many  from  a  fear 
of  impending  danger;  all  were  apprehensive  of  the  conse- 
quences of  a  war  which  reason  and  former  experience  served 
to  shew  must  rage  in  the  bowels  of  that  country.  On  the  whole, 
therefore,  it  was  probable  that  the  efforts  of  the  enemy  would 
be  turned  that  way,  and  that  violent  counsels  might  produce  a 
serious  defection.  The  conduct  of  the  Congress  may  then  be 
considered  as  wise  and  firm,  for  immediately  after,  they 

"Resolved  unanimously,  That  his  majesty's  most  faithful 
subjects  in  these  colonies  are  reduced  to  a  dangerous  and 
critical  situation,  by  the  attempts  of  the  British  ministry  to 
carry  into  execution,  by  force  of  arms,  several  unconstitutional 
and  oppressive  acts  of  the  British  parliament  for  laying  taxes 
in  America;  to  enforce  the  collection  of  those  taxes,  and  for 
altering  and  changing  the  constitution  and  internal  police  of 
some  of  these  colonies,  in  violation  of  the  natural  and  civil 
rights  of  the  colonists. 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  543 

"HoBtllities  being  actually  commenced  in  the  MassachuaettB- 
Bay,  by  the  Britlsb  troops  under  thfe  command  of  genera]  Gage, 
and  the  Uvea  of  a  numt>er  ot  the  Inhabitants  of  that  colony  de- 
stroyed, the  town  oE  Beaton  baring  not  only  been  long  occupied 
as  a  garrisoned  town  in  an  enemy's  country,  but  the  Inhabl- 
tanta  thereof  treated  with  a  seTerlty  and  cruelty  not  to  be 
Justified  even  towards  declared  enemies;  large  re- Inforce meats 
too  being  ordered  and  soon  expected,  for  the  declared  purpose 
ot  compelling  these  colonies  to  submit  to  the  operation  of  the 
said  acts;  that  th»efore.  for  the  express  purpose  of  securing 
and  defending  these  colonies,  and  preserving  them  in  safety 
against  all  attempts  to  carry  the  said  acta  Into  execution  by 
force  of  arms,  these  colonies  be  Immediately  put  into  a  state  ot 
detence. 

"But,  as  we  most  ardently  wish  for  a  restoration  ot  the 
harmony  formerly  subsisting  between  our  mother  country  and 
these  colonies,  the  interruption  of  which  must,  at  all  events, 
be  exceedingly  Injurlaus  to  both  conntrles,  that  with  a  sincere 
design  of  contributing  by  all  the  means  In  our  power,  not  in- 
compatible wltb  a  JuBt  regard  for  the  undoubted  rights  and 
true  interests  of  these  colonies,  to  the  promotion  ot  this  most 
deslreable  reconciliation,  an  liumble  and  dutiful  petition  be 
presented  to  his  majesty. 

"Resolved,  That  measures  be  entered  into  tor  opening  a 
negoclatlon,  in  order  to  accommodate  the  unhappy  disputes 
subsisting  between  Great-Britain  and  these  colonies,  and  that 
this  be  made  a  part  of  the  petition  to  the  Icing. 

"Resolved  unanimously.  That  the  militia  of  New-Tork  be 
armed  and  trained,  and  'n  constant  readiness  to  act  at  a  mo- 
ment's warning;  and  that  a  number  ot  men  be  immediately 
embodied  and  kept  In  that  city,  and  so  disposed  of  as  to  give 
protection  to  the  inhabiiants.  In  case  any  insult  should  be 
offered  by  the  troops  thsL  may  land  there,  and  to  prevent  any 
attempts  tbat  may  be  made  to  gain  possession  of  the  city,  and 
interrupt  lis  Intercourse  with  the  country. 

"Resolved  unanimously.  That  it  be  recommended  to  the 
provincial  convention  at  New-York,  to  persevere  the  more 
vigorously  In  preparing  for  their  defence,  as  it  la  very  un- 
certain whether  the  earnest  endeavours  ot  the  Congress,  to  ac- 
commodate the  unhappy  altferences  t>etween  Great-Britain  and 
the  colonies,  by  conciliatory  measures,  will  be  successful." 

No  country  perhaps  In  the  world  was  ever  In  a  more  delicate 
situation  than  America  at  this  period.  InfcH'med  and  discern- 
ing minds  saw  the  most  miserable  servitude  on  the  one  hand; 
•nd  on  the  other,  that  they  must  be  stripped  of  property,  and 


544  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

Buffer  an  ignominious  death,  without  such  a  coincidence  of  cir- 
cumstances as  nothing  but  Providence  could  accomplish.  They 
saw  one  of  the  most  powerful  nations  upon  earth,  whose  fleets 
covered  the  ocean — whose  flag  had  waved  in  triumph  thro* 
the  four  quarters  of  the  globe,  ready  to  dart  all  her  thunders 
against  them;  at  the  same  lime,  America  was  without  ships, 
without  arms,  without  clothes,  without  money,  without  officers, 
without  discipline,  without  a  single  fortification,  a  very  consi- 
derable faction  ready  to  join  her  enemies,  exposed  thro'  an 
immense  frontier  to  the  irruptions  of  savage  tribes,  whose  lust 
of  blood  was  daily  stimulated  by  all  the  arts  which  an  unfeel- 
ing inhuman  policy  could  dictate;  while  a  herd  of  slaves  were 
urged  by  the  insidious  offer  of  freedom,  to  plunge  an  assassin's 
dagger  in  the  bosom  of  domestic  security.  In  this  crisis,  how- 
ever, it  was  determined  to  risk  every  thing,  rather  than  tamely 
submit  to  the  yoke;  but,  at  the  same  time,  it  was  necessary  to 
avoid  as  much  as  possible  giving  an  alarm  to  the  people,  by 
the  mortifying  display  of  their  comparative  weakness.  On  the 
6th  of  July,  1775,  the  Congress  published  the  following  declara- 
tion: 

"If  it  was  possible  for  men,  who  exercise  their  reason,  to  be- 
lieve, that  the  Divine  Author  of  our  existence  intended  a  part 
of  the  human  race  to  hold  an  absolute  property  in,  and  an  un- 
bounded power  over  others,  marked  out  by  his  Infinite  good- 
ness and  wisdom,  as  the  objects  of  a  legal  domination  never 
rightfully  resistible,  however  severe  and  oppressive,  the  in- 
habitants of  these  colonies  might  at  least  require  from  the 
parliament  of  Oreat-Britain  some  evidence,  that  this  dreadful 
authority  over  them  has  been  grknted  to  that  body.  But  a 
reverence  for  our  grreat  Creator,  principles  of  humanity,  and 
the  dictates  of  common  sense,  must  convince  all  those  who  re- 
flect upon  the  subject,  that  government  was  instituted  to  pro- 
mote the  welfare  of  mankind,  and  ought  to  be  administered  for 
the  attainment  of  that  end.  The  legislature  of  Great-Britain, 
however,  stimulated  by  an  inordinate  passion  for  a  power  not 
only  unjustifiable,  but  which  they  know  to  be  peculiarly  re- 
probated by  the  very  constitution  of  that  kingdom,  and  des- 
perate of  success  in  any  mode  of  contest,  where  regard  should 
be  had  to  truth,  law,  or  right,  have  at  length,  deserting  those, 
attempted  to  effect  their  cruel  and  impolitic  purpose  of  en- 
slaving these  colonies  by  violence,  and  have  thereby  rendered 
it  necessary  for  us  to  close  with  their  last  appeal  from  reason 
to  arms.  Yet.  however  bliuded  that  assembly  may  be,  by  their 
intemperate  rage  for  unlimited  domination,  so  to  slight  justice 
and  the  opinion  of  mankind,  we  esteem  ourselves  bound  by 


AISERICAN  RBTVOIiTJTION.  64S 

obligatians  of  reepect  to  tbe  rest  ot  th«  world,  la  mak«  known 
the  JttBtice  (rf  our  cauae. 

"Our  lorefathors,  inh&bitants  ot  the  Island  ol  Orel t-Bri tain, 
left  tbe.r  native  land  to  seek  on  thtae  shorea  a  residence  lor 
eivll  and  relJgloua  freedam.  At  the  eTpence  of  their  blood,  at 
the  hazard  of  their  fortuDss,  without  the  leaat  charge  to  tbe 
country  from  which  th^r  removed,  by  unceaaing  labour  and 
an  unconquerable  spirit,  tbey  effected  aettlementa  in  tbe  dlatant 
and  Inhospitable  wilds  ot  America,  then  filled  with  numerous 
and  warlike  nations  ot  barbarians.  Societies  or  Kovernmeuts, 
vested  with  pertect  legislatures,  were  formed  under  cbarters 
from  tbe  crown,  and  an  harmonlaus  in;ercoursa  was  eatibLshed 
between  tbe  colonies  and  tbe  kingdom  from  which  they  de- 
rived uieir  origin.  Tbe  mutual  beneAts  ot  this  union  became 
in  a  short  time  so  extraordinary,  as  to  excite  a8:on.8hment. 
It  Is  universally  confessed,  that  the  amazing  Increase  of  the 
wealth,  strength,  and  navigation  ot  the  realm,  arose  from  this 
source;  and  the  minister,  who  so  wisely  and  successfully  di- 
rected the  measures  of  Great-Britain  In  tbe  late  war,  publicly 
dsclared,  that  these  colon.es  enabled  her  to  triumph  over  her 
enemies.  Towards  the  conclusion  of  that  war.  It  pleased  our 
sovereign  to  make  a  change  In  his  counsels.  From  that  fatal 
moment,  the  affairs  ot  the  British  empire  began  to  fall  into 
confusion,  and  gradually  sliding  from  the  summit  ot  glorions 
prosperity,  to  which  they  bad  been  advanced  by  the  virtues 
and  abilities  ot  ons  man,  are  at  length  distracted  by  tbe  con- 
vulsions, that  now  shake  It  to  Its  deepest  tonndatlons.  The 
new  ministry  finding  the  brave  toes  of  Britain,  though  fre- 
quently defeated,  yet  still  contending,  took  up  the  unfortunate 
Idea  of  granting  them  a  hasty  peace,  and  ol  then  subduing  her 
faithful  Ir fends. 

"These  devoted  calonlea  were  Judged  to  be  <ln  such  a  state,  as 
to  present  victories  without  bloodshed,  and  all  the  easy  emolu- 
ments of  Btatuteable  plunder.  The  uninterrupted  tenor  ot 
their  peaceable  and  respectful  behaviour  from  t^e  beginning  ot 
colonization,  their  dutiful,  zealous,  and  usetul  services  during 
the  war.  though  so  recently  and  amply  acknowledg'^d  In  the 
most  honourable  manner  by  hie  majesty,  by  the  laie  king,  and 
by  parliament,  could  not  save  them  from  the  meditated  in- 
novations. Parliament  was  Influenced  to  adopt  the  perrlcloue 
project,  and  assumlrg  a  new  piwer  over  them,  have  In  the 
course  of  eleven  years  given  such  decisive  specimens  of  the 
spirit  and  consequences  attending  this  power,  as  to  leave  no 
doubt  concerning  the  effects  of  acquiescence  und'r  It.  They 
have  undertaken  to  give  and  grant  our  money  wiihout  our  con- 
36-7"3d  Ser. 


546  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

sent,  though  we  have  ever  exercised  an  exclusive  right  to  dis- 
pose of  our  own  property;  statutes  have  been  passed  for  extend- 
ing the  Jurisdiction  of  courts  of  admiralty  and  vice-admiralty 
beyond  their  ancient  limits;  for  depriving  us  of  the  accustomed 
and  inestimable  privilege  of  trial  by  Jury  in  cases  affecting 
both  life  and  property;  for  suspending  the  legislature  of  one 
of  the  colonies;  for  interdicting  all  commerce  to  the  capital  of 
another;  and  for  altering  fundamentally  the  form  of  govern- 
ment established  by  charter,  and  secured  by  acts  of  its  own 
legislature  solemnly  confirmed  by  the  crown;  for  exempting  the 
'murderers'  of  colonists  from  legal  trial,  and  in  effect,  from 
punishment;  for  erecting  in  a  neighbouring  province,  acquired 
by  the  Joint  arms  of  Great-Britain  and  America,  a  despotism 
dangerous  to  our  very  existence;  and  for  quartering  soldiers 
upon  the  colonists  in  time  of  profound  peace.  It  has  also  been 
resolved  in  parliament,  that  colonists  charged  with  committing 
certain  offences,  shall  be  transported  to  England  to  be  tried. 

"But  why  should  we  enumerate  our  injuries  in  detail?  By 
one  statute  it  is  declared,  that  parliament  can  "of  right  make 
laws  to  bind  us  in  all  cases  whatsoever."  What  is  to  defend  us 
against  so  enormous,  so  unlimited  a  power?  Not  a  single  man 
of  those  who  assume  it,  is  chosen  by  us;  or  is  subject  to  our 
controul  or  influence;  but  on  the  contrary,  they  are  all  of  them 
exempt  from  the  operation  of  such  laws,  and  an  American 
revenue,  if  not  diverted  from  the  ostensible  purposes  for 
which  it  is  raised,  would  actually  lighten  their  own  burdens 
in  proportion,  as  they  increase  ours.  We  saw  the  misery  to 
which  such  despotism  would  reduce  us.  We  for  ten  years  in- 
cessantly and  ineffectually  besieged  the  throne  as  supplicants; 
we  reasoned,  we  remonstrated  with  parliament  in  the  most 
mild  and  decent  language. 

"Administration,  sensible  that  we  should  regard  these  op- 
pressive measures  as  freemen  ought  to  do,  sent  over  fleets  and 
armies  to  enforce  them.  The  indignation  of  the  Americans 
was  roused,  it  is  true;  but  it  was  the  indignation  of  a  virtuous, 
loyal,  and  affectionate  people.  A  Congress  of  delegates  from 
the  United  Colonies  was  assembled  at  Philadelphia,  on  the 
fifth  day  of  last  September.  We  resolved  again  to  offer  an 
humble  and  dutiful  petition  to  the  king,  and  also  addressed  our 
fellow  subjects  of  Great-Britain.  We  have  pursued  every  tem- 
perate, every  respectful  measure;  we  have  even  proceeded  to 
break  off  our  commercial  Intercourse  with  our  fellow  subjects, 
as  the  last  peaceable  admonition,  that  our  attachment  to  no 
nation  upon  earth  should  supplant  our  attachment  to  liberty. 
This,  we   fiattered  ourselves,   was   the   ultimate   step   of  the 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  547 

controversy;  but  subseqaeiit  eventB  have  shewn,  how  vidn  was 
tbis  hope  of  finding  moderation  In  our  enemies. 

"Several  threatening  expressions  against  the  colonies  were 
inserted  in  his  majesty's  apeech;  our  poUUon,  tho'  we  were  told 
It  was  a  decent  one,  and  that  his  majesty  had  been  pleased  to 
receive  It  graciously,  and  to  promise  laying  It  betore  his  parlia- 
ment, was  huddled  into  both  houses  among  a  bundle  of 
American  papers,  and  there  neglected.  The  lords  and  com- 
mons in  their  address,  In  the  months  oF  February,  said,  that 
"a  reI>elllon  at  that  t^me  actually  existed  within  the  province 
of  Maaaaohuesetts-Bay;  and  that  those  concerned  In  it,  had 
been  countenanced  and  encouraged  by  unlawful  combinations 
and  engagements,  entered  Into  by  hU  majesty's  subjects  in 
several  of  the  other  colonies;  and  therefore  they  besought  his 
majesty,  that  he  would  take  the  mo«t  effectual  measures  to 
inforce  due  obedience  to  the  laws  and  authority  ot  the  aupreme 
legislature."  Soon  after  the  commercial  Intercourse  of  whole 
colonies,  with  foreign  countries,  and  with  each  other,  was  cut 
off  by  an  act  of  parliament;  Gy  another,  several  of  them  were 
entirely  prohibited  from  the  fisheries  In  the  seas  near  their 
coasts,  on  which  they  always  depended  for  their. sustenance; 
and  large  reinforcements  of  ships  and  troops  w«^  immediately 
sent  over  to  general  Gage. 

"Fruitless  were  all  the  entreaties,  arguments,  and  eloquence 
of  an  Illustrious  band  of  the  most  dlstingnlshed  peers  and  com- 
moners, who  nobly  and  strenuously  asserted  the  Justice  of  our 
canse,  to  stay,  or  even  to  mitigate  the  heedless  fury  with 
which  these  accumulated  and  unexampled  outrages  were  hur- 
ried on.  Equally  fruitless  was  the  interference  ofthe  city  of 
London,  of  Bristol,  and  many  other  respectable  towns,  in  oor 
tavonr.  Parliament  adopted  an  insidious  manoeuvre  calculated 
to  divide  us,  to  establish  a  perpetual  auction  of  taxations 
where  colony  should  bid  against  colony,  all  of  them  unin- 
formed what  ransom  should  redeem  tjielr  Uvea;  and  thus  to 
extort  from  us,  at  the  point  of  tlie  bayonet,  the  unknown  aums 
that  should  be  sutHelent  to  gratify,  if  possible  to  gratify,  min- 
isterial rapacity,  with  the  miserable  Indulgence  left  to  us  of 
raising.  In  our  own  mode,  the  prescribed  tribute.  What  terms 
more  rigid  and  humiliating  could  have  been  dictated  by  re- 
morseless victors  to  conquered  enemies?  In  our  circumstances 
to  accept  them,  would  be  to  deserve  them. 

"Soon  after  the  Intelligence  of  these  proceedings  arrived  on 
this  continent,  general  Gage,  who  In  the  course  of  the  last  year 
had  taken  poasesslon  of  the  town  of  Boston,  In  the  province  of 
Maasachusett's-Bay,  and  stilt  occupied  it  as  a  garrison,  on  the 


548  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

19th  day  of  April,  sent  aut  from  that  place  a  large  detachment 
of  his  army,  who  made  an  unprovoked  assault  an  the  in- 
habitants of  the  said  province,  at  the  town  of  Lexington,  as 
appears  by  the  affidavits  of  a  great  number  of  persons,  some 
of  whom  were  officers  and  soldiers  of  that  detachment,  mur- 
dered eight  of  the  inhabitants,  and  wounded  many  others. 
From  thence  the  troops  proceeded  in  warlike  array  to  the  town 
of  Concord,  where  they  set  upon  another  party  of  the  inhabit- 
ants of  the  same  province,  killing  several  and  wounding  more, 
until  compelled  to  retreat  by  the  country  people  suddenly 
assembled  to  repel  this  cruel  aggression.  Hostilities,  thus  com- 
menced by  the  British  troops,  have  been  since  prosecuted  by 
them  without  regard  to  faith  or  reputation.  The  inhabitanta 
of  Boston  being  confined  within  that  town  by  the  general  their 
governor,  and  having,  in  order  to  procure  their  dismission, 
entered  into  a  treaty  with  him,  it  was  stipulated  that  the  said 
inhabitants  having  deposited  their  arms  with  their  own  magis- 
trates should  have  liberty  to  depart,  taking  with  them  their 
other  effects.  They  accordingly  delivered  up  their  arms,  but 
in  open  violation  of  honour,  in  defiance  of  the  obligation  of 
treaties,  which  even  savage  nations  esteemed  sacred,  the 
governor  ordered  the  arms  deposited  as  aforesaid,  that  they 
might  be  preserved  for  their  owners,  to  be  seized  by  a  body  of 
soldiers;  detained  the  greatest  part  of  the  inhabitants  in  the 
town,  and  compelled  the  few  who  were  permitted  to  retire,  to 
leave  their  most  valuable  etfects  behind. 

"By  this  perfidy  wives  are  separated  from  their  husbands, 
children  from  their  parents,  the  aged  and  the  sick  from  their 
relations  and  friends,  who  wish  to  attend  and  comfort  them; 
and  those  who  have  been  used  to  live  in  plenty  and  even 
elegance,  are  reduced  to  deplorable  distress. 

"The  general,  further  emulating  his  ministerial  masters,  by 
a  proclamation  bearing  date  on  the  12th  day  of  June  after 
venting  the  grossest  falsehoods  and  calumnies  against  the  good 
people  of  these  colonies,  proceeds  to  declare  them  all,  either 
"by  name  or  description,  to  be  rebels  and  traitors,  to  supersede 
"the  course  of  the  common  law  and  instead  thereof  to  publish 
"and  order  the  use  and  exercise  of  the  law  martial."  His 
troops  have  butchered  our  countrymen,  have  wantonly  burnt 
Charlestown,  besides  a  considerable  number  of  houses  in  other 
places;  our  ships  and  vessels  are  seized;  the  necessary  supplies 
of  provisions  are  intercepted,  and  he  is  exerting  his  utmost 
power  to  spread  destruction  and  devastation  around  him. 

"We  have  received  certain  intelligence,  that  general  Carle- 
ton,  the  governor  of  Canada,  is  instigating  the  people  of  that 


AHERICAK  RBVOLDTION.  549 

proTlnM,  and  tti«  Indlane,  to  fall  upon  ua;  and  we  have  but 
too  much  reason  to  apprehend,  that  schemea  have  been  formed 
to  excite  domestic  enemies  a^nst  us.  In  brief,  a  part  ot 
these  colonies  now  feel,  and  all  of  them  are  sure  of  teetlng,  as 
tar  as  the  vengaance  ttt  ad mlndst ration  can  InSict  them,  tbe 
oompllcated  calamities  of  fire,  sword,  and  famine.  We  are  re- 
duced to  the  alternative  of  chusing  an  uncondltloinal  submis- 
sion to  the  tyranny  of  Irritated  ministers,  or  resistance  by 
force.  The  latter  Is  our  choice.  We  have  count«d  tbe  coot  of 
this  contest,  and  Ond  nothing  so  dreadful  as  voluntary  slavery. 
Honour,  Justice,  and  humanity,  forbid  us  tamely  to  surrender 
that  freedom  which  we  received  from  our  gallaat  ancestors, 
and  which  our  iunccent  posterity  bave  a  right  to  receive  from 
ns.  We  cannot  endure  tbe  Infamy  and  guilt  of  resigning  suc- 
ceedilng  generations  to  that  wretchedness  which  inevitably 
awaits  them.  If  we  basely  entail  hereditary  iwndage  upon 
them. 

"Our  cause  Is  Just  Our  union  is  perfect.  Our  internal  re- 
Bonrces  are  great,  and.  It  necessary,  foreign  asBlstance  la  un- 
doubtedly attainable.  We  gratefully  acknowledge,  as  signal 
Instances  of  the  Divine  favour  towards  us,  that  his  Providence 
would  not  permit  us  to  be  callnl  Into  this  severe  controversy, 
until  we  were  grown  up  to  our  present  strength,  had  been  pre- 
viously exercised  In  wsrlllie  operation,  and  possessed  of  the 
means  of  defending  ourselves.  With  hearts  fortified  with  these 
animating  rellectlana,  we  most  solemnly,  before  Qod  and  tbe 
world,  DBCLARE:,  that,  exerting  the  utmost  energy  of  those 
powers,  which  our  be:ieflcleDt  Creator  hath  graciously  bestowed 
upon  us,  the  arms  we  have  been  compelled  by  our  enemies  to 
assume,  we  will.  In  deflance  of  every  hazard,  with  unabatlng 
firmness  and  perservance,  employ  for  tbe  preservation  of  our 
liberties;  belcrg  with  on?  mind  resolved  to  die  fre?men  rather 
than  to  live  slaves. 

"Lest  this  declaration  should  disquiet  the  minds  of  our 
friends  and  fellow  subjetts  In  any  part  of  the  empire,  we  assure 
them  that  we  mean  not  to  dissolve  that  union  which  bos  so 
long  and  so  happily  subsisted  between  us.  and  which  we  sin- 
cerely wish  to  see  restored.  Neceesity  has  not  yet  driven  us 
Into  that  desperate  measure,  or  induced  ua  to  excite  any  other 
nation  to  war  against  them.  We  have  not  raised  armies  with 
ambitious  designs  ot  separating  From  Great-Britain,  and  estab- 
lishing Independent  states.  We  fight  not  tor  glory  or  for  con* 
quest.  We  exhibit  to  manltlnd  the  remarkable  spectacle  of  a 
people  attacked  by  unprovoked  enemies,  without  any  imputa- 
tion or  even  suspicion  of  offence.    They  Ijoaat  ol  their  prlvl- 


650  OBSJSRVATIONS  ON  TH£ 

leges  and  civilization,  and  yet  profer  no  milder  conditions  than 
seryitude  or  death. 

"In  our  own  native  land,  in  defence  of  the  freedom  that  is 
our  birth-right,  and  which  we  ever  enjoyed  till  the  late  viola- 
tion of  it — for  the  protection  of  our  property,  acquired  solely 
by  the  honest  Industry  of  our  fore-fathers  and  ourselves, 
against  violence  actually  offered,  we  have  taken  up  arms.  We 
shall  lay  them  down  when  hostilities  shall  cease  on  the  part 
of  the  aggressors,  and  all  danger  of  their  being  renewed  shall 
be  removed,  and  not  before, 

"With  an  humble  confidence  in  the  mercies  of  the  supreme 
and  Impartial  Judge  and  ruler  of  the  universe,  we  most  de- 
voutly Implore  his  divine  goodness  to  protect  us  happily 
through  this  great  conflict,  to  dispose  our  adversaries  to  recon- 
ciliation on  reasonable  terms,  and  thereby  to  relieve  the  em- 
pire from  the  calamities  of  civil  war." 

Where  the  affections  of  mankind  are  deeply  interested,  they 
are  not  easily  prevailed  on  to  relinquish  the  object.  Reason  in 
vain  opposes  her  feeble  barrier  to  the  torrent  of  passion. 
Nature  will  be  heard;  &he  speaks  to  the  heart  in  the  tenderest, 
most  persuasive  language,  and  she  cannob  speak  in  vain. 
Tho'  it  was  evident  as  the  sun,  that  the  king  and  parliament  of 
Great-Britain  had  determined  never  to  sheathe  the  sword,  but 
upon  the  unconditional  submission  of  America  to  the  most 
humiliating  bondage;  yet,  in  a  delirium  of  their  former  attach- 
ment, the  Congress  prepared  another  petition  to  the  king,  and 
another  address  to  the  people  of  England.  Strange  as  it  may 
seem,  it  is  nevertheless  true,  that  notwithstanding  all  our  in- 
terests were  clearly  opposed  to  the  measure,  still  a  conneciion 
with  the  people,  and  subjection  to  the  sovereigrn  of  Great- 
Britain,  were  considered  as  the  most  desirable  of  humane 
events;  for  it  may  truly  be  aflarmed,  that  next  to  the  love  of 
liberty,  loyalty  to  h.s  prince,  and  love  of  his  fellow  subjects, 
were  the  rullDg  passions  of  an  American's  bosom.  Th?  pro- 
phetic language  contained  in  this  petition  and  address  is  re- 
markable; and  altho'  it  was  treated  by  our  enemies  wi.h  the 
same  contempt  as  our  solemn  professions  not  to  submit  to 
their  tryanny,  yet  now  that,  the  heat  of  the  chase  being  abated, 
a  cool  moment  of  reflection  presses  Itself  upon  them,  it  is  prob- 
able they  will,  when  too  late,  give  to  both  their  share  of  credit. 

On  the  8th  of  July,  1775,  the  petition  was  agreed  on  in  the 
following  words: 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  561 

"Bloat  gracious  Sovereign, 

"We  your  majeaty'e  subjects  ot  the  colonies  of  Nev-H&mi)- 
•hlre,  Hasaacbusetts-Bay,  Rhode-Island,  and  Providence  Plan- 
tationa,  ConnecticnC,  New- fork,  New-Jeraoy,  PeonsylTanla,  the 
conntlea  of  Newcastle,  Ktixt  and  Sussex  on  Delaware,  Mary- 
land, Virginia,  North-Carolina,  and  South-Carolina,  In  bebaU 
of  ourselves  and  tbe  Inhabitants  of  these  colondes,  who  h&va 
deputed  us  bo  r^reseut  thtm  In  General  Cougrees,  entreat  your 
majesty's  gracious  attention  to  this  our  humble  petition. 

"The  union  between  our  mother  country  and  these  colonies, 
and  the  energy  of  mild  and  Just  government,  produced  benefits 
BO  remarkably  Important,  and  afforded  such  an  assurance  of 
their  permanency  and  Increase,  that  the  wonder  and  envy  ot 
other  nations  were  mcclted,  while  they  beheld  Qreat-Br.taln 
rising  to  a  power  the  most  extraordinary  the  world  bad  ever 
known. 

"Her  rivals,  observing  that  there  was  no  probability  ot  this 
happy  connexion  bedng  brokeu  by  civil  dissensions,  and  appre- 
hending its  future  effects,  it  left  any  longer  undisturbed,  re- 
Mlved  to  prevent  her  receiving  such  continual  and  lormJdable 
accessions  of  wealth  and  strength,  by  checking  the  growth  of 
those  settlements  from  which  they  were  to  be  derived. 

"In  the  prosecution  of  Btala  attempt,  events  ao  unfavorable 
to  the  design  took  place,  that  every  friend  to  the  Interest  ot 
Qreat-Brltaln  and  these  colonies,  entertained  pleasing  and  rea- 
Bonable  expectations  ot  eeetng  an  additional  force  and  exertion 
Immediately  given  to  the  operations  of  the  union  hitherto  ex- 
perienced, by  an  enlargement  ot  the  dominions  ot  the  crown, 
and  the  removal  of  ancient  and  warlllte  enemies  to  a  greater 
distance^ 

"At  the  conclusion  therefore  of  the  late  war,  the  most 
glorious  and  advantageous  that  ever  had  been  carried  on  by 
British  arms,  your  loyal  colonists  having  contributed  to  its 
success,  by  such  repeated  and  strenuous  exertions,  as  fre- 
quently procured  them  bhe  distinguished  approbation  of  your 
majesty,  of  tbe  late  king,  and  ot  parliament,  doubted  not  but 
that  they  ehould  be  permitted,  with  the  rest  of  the  empire,  to 
share  In  the  blessings  of  peace,  and  the  emoluments  of  victory 
and  conquest. 

"While  these  recent  and  honourable  acknowledgements  ot 
their  merits  remained  on  record  <ln  tbe  Journals  and  acts  of 
that  august  legislature,  tlie  parliament,  undefaced  by  the  im- 
putation or  even  the  suspicion  ot  any  offence,  they  were 
alarmed  by  a  new  system  ot  statutes  and  regulations  adoptcu 
tor  the  administration  of  the  colonies,  that  filled  their  minds 


562  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

with  the  most  painful  fears  and  Jealousies;  and,  to  their  in- 
expressible astonishment,  perceived  the  danger  of  a  foreign 
quarrel  quickly  succeeded  by  domestic  danger,  In  their  judg- 
ment of  a  more  dreadful  kind. 

"Nor  were  these  anxietiefl  alleviated  by  any  tendency  in  this 
system  to  promote  the  welfare  of  their  mother  country.  For 
though  its  effects  were  more  immediately  felt  by  them,  yet  its 
influence  appeared  to  be  injurious  to  the  commerce  and  pros- 
perity of  Great-Britain. 

"We  shall  decline  the  ungrateful  task  of  describing  the  Irk- 
some variety  of  artifices,  practised  by  many  of  your  majesty's 
ministers,  the  delusive  pretences,  fruitless  terrors,  and  un- 
availing severities,  that  have  from  time  to  time  been  dealt  out 
by  them,  in  their  attempts  to  execute  this  impolitic  plan,  or  of 
tracing  thro'  a  series  of  years  past,  the  progress  of  the  un- 
happy differences  between  Great-Britain  and  t^ese  colonies, 
that  have  flowed  from  this  fatal  source. 

"Your  majesty's  ministers,  persevering  in  their  measures, 
and  proceeding  to  open  hostilities  for  enforcing  them,  have 
compelled  us  to  arm  in  our  own  defence,  and  have*  engaged  us 
in  a  controversy  so  peculiarly  abhorrent  to  the  affections  of 
your  still  faithful  colonists,  that  when  we  consider  whom  we 
must  oppose  in  this  contest,  and  if  it  continues,  what  may  be 
the  consequences,  our  own  particular  misfortunes  are  accounted 
by  us  only  as  parts  of  our  distress. 

"Knowing  to  what  violent  resentments,  and  incurable  ani- 
mosities, civil  discords  are  apt  to  exasperate  and  inflame  the 
contending  parties,  we  think  ourselves  r^uired  by  dndispen- 
sable  obligations  to  Almighty  God,  to  your  majesty,  to  our 
fellow  subjects,  and  to  ourselves,  immediately  to  use  all  the 
means  in  our  power,  not  incompatible  with  our  safety,  for  stop- 
ping the  further  effusion  of  blood,  and  for  averting  the  im- 
pending calamities  that  threaten  the  British  empire. 

"Thus  called  upon  to  address  your  majesty  on  afCairs  of  such 
moment  to  America,  and  probably  to  all  your  dominions,  we 
are  earnestly  desirous  of  performing  this  office,  with  the  utmost 
deference  for  your  majesty;  and  we  therefore  pray,  that  your 
majesty's  royal  magnanimity  and  benevolence  may  make  the 
most  favorable  constructions  of  our  expressions  on  so  uncom- 
mon an  occasion.  Could  we  represent  in  their  full  force,  the 
sentiments  that  agitate  the  minds  of  us  your  dutiful  subjects, 
we  are  persuaded  your  majesty  would  ascribe  any  seeming 
deviation  from  reverence  in  our  language,  and  even  in  our  con- 
duct, not  to  any  reprehensible  intention,  but  to  the  impossi- 
bility of  reconciling  the  usual  appearances  of  respect  with  a 


AMEKICAN  REVOLUTION.  6B3 

Juet  attention  to  our  own  preservation  tgalnst  those  artful  and 
cruel  enemies,  wbo  abuse  your  roy&l  confidence  and  autbority, 
tor  the  purpose  of  effecting  our  deatmcLlon. 

"Attached  to  your  majesiy's  person,  family,  and  government, 
with  all  devotion  that  principle  and  aJTectlon  can  inspire,  con- 
nected with  Oreat-Britam  by  tbe  strongest  ties  that  can  unite 
socleUes,  and  deploring  every  event  that  tends  In  any  degree  to 
weaken  them,  we  solemnly  asaureVour  majeeiy,  that  we  not 
only  moet  ardently  desire  the  former  harmony  between  her  and 
these  colonies  may  be  restored,  but  that  a  concord  may  be 
established  between  them,  upon  so  firm  a  basis  as  to  perpetuate 
its  blessings  uninterrupted  by  any  future  dissenelone  to  suc- 
ceeding generations  In  both  kountries,  and  to  transmit  your 
majesty's  name  to  posterity,  adorned  with  that  signal  and  last- 
ing glory,  that  has  attended  the  memory  of  those  illustrious 
personages,  whose  virtues  and  abilities  have  extricated  states 
from  dangerous  convulHlone,  ana,  by  securing  happiness  to 
others,  have  erected  the  moet  noble  and  durable  monuments 
to  their  own  fame. 

"We  beg  leave  tarlher  to  assure  your  malesty,  that  notwith- 
standing the  sufferings  of  your  loyal  colonists,  during  the 
course  of  this  present  controversy,  our  breasts  retain  too  tender 
a  regard  (or  the  kingdom  from  wblcli  we  derive  our  or  gin,  to 
request  such  a  reconciliation  as  might  In  any  manner  be  incon- 
afstent  with  her  dignity  or  her  welfare.  These,  related  as  we 
■re  to  her,  honour  and  duty  as  well  as  inclination,  Induce  us  to 
support  and  advance;  and  the  apprehensions  that  now  oppress 
our  hearts  with  unspeakable  grief,  being  once  removed,  your 
majesty  will  And  your  faithful  subjects  on  thiL  continent  ready 
and  willing  at  all  times,  as  they  have  ever  been,  with  their 
lives  and  fortunes,  assert  and  maintain  the  rights  and  Interests 
of  your  majesty,  and  of  our  mother  country. 

"We  therefore  beseech  your  majesty,  that  your  royal 
authority  and  influence  may  be  graciously  '.nterposed  to  pro- 
cure us  relief  from  our  affilcting  fears  and  Jealousies,  occas- 
ioned by  the  system  before  mentioned,  and  to  settle  peace 
through  every  part  of  your  dominions,  with  all  humility  sub- 
mitting to  your  majesty's  wise  consideration,  whether  It  may 
not  be  expedient  tor  facilitating  those  important  purposes, 
that  your  majesty  be  pleased  to  direct  some  mode,  by  which 
the  united  applications  of  your  faithful  colonists  to  the  throne, 
in  pursuance  of  their  common  councils,  may  be  Improved  Into 
a  happy  and  permanent  reconciliation;  and  that.  In  tbe  mean 
time,  measured  may  be  taken  for  preventing  the  further  des- 
truction of  the  lives  of  your  majesty's  subjects;  and  that  such 


654  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

Statutes  as  more  Immediately  oistress  any  of  your  majesty's 
colonies  may  be  repealed. 

"For  by  such  arrangements  as  your  majesty's  wisdom  can 
form  for  collecting  the  united  sense  of  your  American  people, 
we  are  convinced  your  majesty  would  receive  such  satisfactory 
proofs  of  the  disposition  of  the  colonists  towards  their 
sovereign  and  parent  state,  that  the  wished  for  opportunity 
would  soon  be  restored  to  them,  of  evincing  the  sincerity  of 
their  professions,  by  every  testimony  of  devotion  becoming  the 
most  dullful  subjects  and  the  most  affectionate  colonlsUL 

"That  your  majesty  may  enjoy  a  long  and  prosperous  reign, 
and  that  your  descendents  may  govern  your  dominions  with 
honour  to  themselves  and  happiness  to  their  subjects,  is  our 
sincere  prayer." 

The  address  to  the  people  of  Great-Britain  was  agreed  to  the 
same  day,  as  follows: 

"Friends,  Countrymen,  and  Brethren, 


tt^ 


'By  these,  and  by  evtry  other  appellation  that  may  designate 
the  ties,  which  bind  us  to  each  other,  we  entreat  your  serious 
attention  to  this  our  second  attempt  to  prevent  their  dissolution. 
Remembrance  of  former  friendships,  pride  in  the  glorious 
achievements  of  our  common  ancestors,  and  affection  for  the 
heirs  of  their  virtues,  'have  hitherto  preserved  our  mutual  con- 
nection; but  when  that  friendship  is  violated  by  the  grossest 
injuries;  when  the  pride  of  ancestry  becomes  our  reproach,  and 
we  are  no  otherwise  allied  than  as  tyrants  and  slaves;  when 
reduced  to  the  melancholy  alternative  of  renouncing  your 
favour  or  our  freedom;  can  we  hesitate  about  the  choice?  Let 
the  spirit  of  Britons  determine. 

"In  a  former  address  we  asserted  our  rights  and  stated  the 
injuries  we  had  then  received.  We  hoped,  that  the  mention  of 
our  wrongs  would  have  roused  that  honest  indignation  which 
has  slept  too  long  for  your  honour,  or  the  welfare  of  the  empire. 
But  we  have  not  been  permitted  to  entertain  this  pleasing  ex- 
pectation Every  day  brought  an  accumulation  of  dnjuries, 
and  the  invention  of  the  ministry  has  been  constantly  exer- 
cised, in  adding  to  the  calamities  of  your  American  brethren. 

"After  the  most  valuable  right  of  legislation  was  infringed; 
when  the  powers  assumed  by  your  parliament,  in  which  we 
are  not  represented,  and  from  our  local  and  other  circumstan- 
ces cannot  properly  be  represented,  rendered  our  property 
precarious;  after  be  ng  denied  that  mode  of  trial,  to  which  we 
have  long  been  indebted  for  the  safety  of  our  persons,  and  the 
preservation  of  our  liberties;  after  being  In   many  Instances 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  55S 

divested  of  those  laws,  wbich  were  tranflmltled  to  us  by  our 
common  ancealore,  and  subjected  to  an  arbitrary  code,  com- 
pdled  under  the  auspices  ot  Roman  tyrants;  after  those  char- 
ters, which  encouraged  our  predeceesora  to  brave  death  and 
danger  In  every  shape,  on  unknown  seas,  In  deserts  unex- 
plored, amidst  barbarous  and  Inhospitable  nations,  were  an- 
nulled; when,  without  the  form  of  trial,  without  a  public  ac- 
cusation, whole  colonies  were  condemned,  their  trade  de- 
stroyed, their  Inhabitants  Impoverished;  when  soldiers  were 
Micouraged  to  embrue  their  hands  In  the  blood  ot  Americans, 
by  oDers  of  Impunity;  when  new  modes  ot  trial  were  instituted 
for  the  ruin  of  the  accused,  where  the  charge  carried  with  it 
the  horrors  of  conviction;  when  a  despotic  government  was 
«stab1tshed  In  a  oelghbourlog  province,  and  its  Umlla  extended 
to  every  of  our  frontiers;  w«  Lttle  imagined  that  any  thing 
could  be  added  to  this  black  catalogue  of  unprovoked  Injuries; 
but  we  have  unhappily  been  deceived,  and  the  late  measures 
of  tbe  British  ministry  fully  convince  us.  that  their  object  is 
the  reduction  of  these  colonies  to  slavery  and  rulu. 

"To  confirm  this  assertion,  let  us  racall  your  attention  to  the 
affairs  of  America,  since  our  last  address.  Liet  us  combat  the 
calumnies  ot  our  enemies;  and  let  ua  warn  you  of  tbe  dangers 
that  threaten  you  In  our  destruction.  Many  ot  your  tellow  anb- 
Jects.  whose  situation  deprived  them  of  other  support,  drew 
their  maintenance  from  the  sea;  but  tbe  deprivation  ot  onr 
liberty  being  Insufficleni  to  satisfy  the  resentment  ot  onr 
enemies,  the  hMrors  of  famine  were  superadded,  and  a  British 
parliament,  who.  In  better  limes,  were  Che  protectors  of  in- 
nocence and  the  patrons  of  humanity,  have,  without  distinction 
of  age  or  sex,  robbed  thousands  of  the  food  which  they  were 
accustomed  to  draw  from  that  inexhaustible  source,  placed  In 
their  neighbourhood  by  Che  benevolent  Creator. 

"Another  act  ot  your  legislature  shuts  our  ports,  and  pro- 
hibits our  trade  with  any  but  those  states  from  whom  the 
great  law  oF  self-preservation  renders  It  absolutely  necessary 
we  should  at  present  wltb-hold  our  commerce.  But  this  act 
(whatevM  may  have  been  Ita  design)  we  consider  raLher  as  in- 
jurious Co  your  opulence  than  our  iDtereat.  All  our  commerce 
terminates  with  you;  and  the  wealth  we  procure  from  oCber 
nations,  la  soon  exchanged  for  your  superfluities.  Our  remit- 
tances must  then  cease  with  our  trade;  and  our  refinements 
with  our  affluence.  We  trust,  however,  that  laws  whiob  de- 
prive us  of  every  blessing  but  a.  soil  that  teems  with  the  neces- 
saries of  life,  and  that  liberty  which  renders  the  enjoyment  of 
ttitm  secure,  will  not  r«lax  our  vigour  in  their  defence. 


556  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

"We  might  here  observe  on  the  cruelty  and  dnconsistency 
of  those,  who.  while  they  publicly  brand  us  with  reproachful 
and  unworthy  epithets,  endeavour  to  deprive  us  of  means  of 
defence,  by  their  interposition  with  foreign  powers,  and  to  de- 
liver us  to  the  lawless  ravages  of  a  merciless  soldiery.  But 
happily  we  are  not  without  resources;  and  though  the  timid 
and  humiliating  applications  of  a  British  ministry  should  pre- 
vail with  foreign  nations,  yet  industry,  prompted  by  necessity, 
will  not  leave  us  without  the  necessary  supplies. 

"We  could  wish  to  go  no  further,  ajid,  not  to  wound  the  ear 
of  humanity,  leave  untold  those  rigorous  acts  of  oppression, 
which  are  daily  exercised  in  the  town  of  Boston,  did  we  not 
hope,  that  by  disclaiming  their  deeds  and  punishing  the  per- 
petrators, you  would  shortly  vindicate  the  honour  of  the 
British  name  and  re-ecrtablish  the  violated  laws  of  Justice. 

"That  once  populous,  flourishing,  and  commercial  town  is 
now  garrisoned  by  an  army  sent  not  to  protect,  but  to  enslave 
its  inhabitants.  The  civdl  government  is  overturned,  and  a 
military  despotism  erected  upon  its  ruins.  Without 
law,  without  right,  powers  are  assumed  unknown  to  the 
constitution.  Private  property  is  unjustly  invaded.  The  in- 
habitants, daily  subjected  to  the  licentiousness  of  the  soldiery, 
are  forbid  to  remove  in  defiance  of  their  natural  rights,  in 
violation  of  the  most  solemn  compacts.  Or  if,  after  long  and 
wearisome  solicitation,  a  pass  is  procured,  their  effects  are  de< 
tained,  and  even  those  who  are  most  favoured,  have  no  alter- 
native but  poverty  or  slavery.  The  distress  of  many  thousand 
people,  wantonly  deprived  of  the  necessaries  of  life,  is  a  sub- 
ject, on  which  we  would  not  wish  to  enlarge. 

"Yet  we  cannot  but  observe,  that  a  British  fleet  (unjustifled 
even  by  acts  of  your  legislature)  are  daily  employed  in  ruining 
our  commerce,  seizing  our  ships,  and  depriving  whole  com- 
munities of  their  daily  bread.  Nor  will  a  regard  for  your 
honour  permit  us  to  be  silent,  while  British  troops  sully  your 
glory,  by  actions,  which  the  most  inveterate  enmity  will  not 
palliate  among  civil  zed  nations,  the  wanton  and  unnecessary 
destruction  of  Charlesfown,  a  large,  ancient,  and  once  populous 
town,  just  before  deserted  by  its  inhabitants,  who  had  fled  to 
avoid  the  fury  of  your  soldiery. 

"If  you  still  retain  those  sentiments  of  compassion,  by  which 
Britons  have  ever  been  distinguished;  If  the  humanity,  which 
tempered  the  valour  of  our  common  ancestors,  has  not  degen- 
erated into  cruelty,  you  will  lament  the  miseries  of  their  de- 
scen  dents. 

"To  what  are  we  to  attribute  this  treatment?       If  to  any 


AUEBICAN  REVOLUTION.  667 

Mcret  principle  ot  the  conatltuUon.  let  It  be  mentlooed;  let  xa 
loarn,  that  the  Kovernmenit  we  have  long  rerered,  la  not  with- 
out Its  delects,  and  that  while  It  glvee  freedom  to  a  part,  It 
nocoMarlly  enfllaves  the  remainder  of  the  empire.  I(  such  a 
principle  Mclsta,  why  for  ages  has  It  ceased  U>  operate?  Why 
at  this  time  Is  it  called  Into  action?  Can  uo  reason  be  aoalgned 
for  this  conduct?  Or  must  It  be  resolved  into  the  wanton  ex- 
ercise of  arbitrary  power?  And  shall  the  descendents  of 
Britons  tamely  submit  to  this?  No,  airs!  we  never  will,  wblle 
we  revere  the  memcn-y  of  our  gallant  and  virtuous  ancestors, 
wenevercan  surrender  those  glorious  privileges,  for  which  thajr 
fought,  bled  and  conquered.  Admit  that  your  fleels  could  de- 
stroy our  towns,  and  ravage  our  sea-coHsts;  these  are  incCMi- 
slderable  objects;  things  at  no  moment  to  men,  whose  bosoms 
glow  with  the  ardor  of  liberty.  We  con  retire  beyond  the  reacJi 
of  your  navy,  and,  without  any  sensible  diminution  ot  the  nec- 
ssaaries  ot  life,  enloy  a  luxury,  which  from  that  period  you  will 
want;  the  luxury  of  being  free. 

"We  know  the  force  of  your  arms,  and  was  It  called  torih  In 
the  cause  of  justice  and  your  country,  we  might  dread  the  ex- 
ertion; but  w:U  Britons  light  under  the  bauners  of  tyranny? 
Will  they  counteract  the  lalMurs,  and  disgrace  the  victories  of 
their  ancestors?  Will  they  forge  chains  for  their  posterity? 
If  they  descend  to  this  unworthy  task,  will  their  swords  retain 
their  edge,  their  arms  their  accustomed  vigour?  Britons  can 
never  become  the  instruments  of  oppression,  till  they  lose  th« 
spirit  of  freedom,  by  which  alone  they  are  Invincible. 

"Our  enemies  charge  us  with  sedition.  In  what  does  It  con- 
sist? In  our  refusal  to  submit  to  unwarrantable  acta  ot  In- 
justice and  cruelty?  It  so.  shew  us  a  period  In  your  history, 
In  which  you  have  not  been  equally  seditious. 

"We  are  accused  ot  aiming  at  Independence;  but  how  la  this 
accusation  aupported?  By  the  allegations  of  your  ministers, 
not  by  our  actilons.  Abused,  Insulted,  and  contemned,  what 
steps  have  we  pursued  to  obtain  redress?  We  have  carried  our 
dutiful  petitions  to  the  throne.  We  have  appLed  to  your 
Justice  (or  relief.  We  have  retrenched  our  luxury,  and  with- 
held our  trade. 

"The  advantages  of  our  commerce  were  designed  as  a  com- 
pensation for  your  protection:  when  you  ceased  to  protect,  for 
what  were  we  to  compensate? 

"What  has  been  the  success  of  our  endeavours?  The 
clemency  ot  our  sovereign  Is  uahapplly  diverted;  our  petitions 
are  treated  with  Indignity;  our  prayers  answenid  by  insults. 
Our  application  to  you  remains  unnoticed,  and  leaves  us  the 


658  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

melancholy  apprehension  of  your  wanting  either  the  will,  or 
the  power,  to  assist  us. 

"Even  under  these  circumstances,  what  measures  have  we 
taken  that  betray  a  desire  of  Independence?  Have  we  called 
in  the  aid  of  those  foreign  powers,  who  are  the  rivals  of  your 
grandeur?  When  your  troops  were  few  and  defenceless,  did 
we  take  advantage  of  their  distress  and  expel  them  our  towns ^ 
Or  have  we  permitted  them  to  tortlfy,  to  receive  new  aid,  and 
to  acquire  additional  strength? 

"Let  not  your  enemies  and  ours  persuade  you,  that  in  this 
we  were  Influenced  by  fear  or  any  other  unworthy  motive. 
The  lives  of  Britons  are  still  dear  to  us.  They  are  the  children 
of  our  parents,  and  an  uninterrupted  Intercourse  of  mutual 
benefits  had  knit  the  bonds  of  friendship.  When  hostilities 
were  commenced,  when  on  a  late  occasion  we  were  wantonly 
attacked  by  your  troops,  though  we  repelled  their  assaults  and 
returned  their  blows,  yet  we  lamented  the  wounds  they  obliged 
us  to  give;  nor  have  we  yet  learned  to  rejoice  at  a  victory  over 
Englishmen. 

"As  we  wish  not  to  colour  our  actions,  or  disguise  our 
thoughts;  we  shall,  in  the  simple  language  of  truth,  avow  the 
measures  we  have  pursued,  the  motives  upon  which  we  have 
acted,  and  our  future  designs. 

"When  our  late  petition  to  the  throne  produced  no  other 
effect  than  fresh  injuries,  and  votes  of  your  legislature  calcu- 
lated to  justify  every  severity;  when  your  fleets  and  your 
armies  were  prepared  to  wrest  from  us  our  property,  to  rob 
us  of  our  liberties  or  our  lives;  when  the  hostile  attempts  of 
general  Gage  evinced  his  designs,  we  levied  armies  for  our 
security  and  defence.  When  the  powers  vested  in  the  governor 
of  Canada,  gave  us  reason  to  apprehend  danger  from  thcU  quar- 
ter;  and  we  had  frequent  intimations,  that  a  cruel  and  savage 
enemy  was  to  be  let  loose  upon  the  defenceless  inhabitants  of 
our  frontiers;  we  took  such  measures  as  prudence  dictated,  as 
necessity  will  justify.  We  possessed  ourselves  of  Crown-Point 
and  Ticonderoga.  Yet  give  ua  leave  most  solemnly  to  assure 
you,  that  we  have  not  yet  lost  sight  of  the  object  we  have  ever 
had  in  view,  a  reconciliation  with  you  on  constitutional  prin- 
ciples, and  a  restoration  of  that  friendly  intercourse,  which, 
to  the  advantage  of  both,  we  till  lately  maintained. 

"The  inhabitants  of  this  country  apply  themselves  chiefly 
to  agriculture  and  commerce.  As  their  fashions  and  manners 
are  similar  to  yours,  your  markets  must  afford  them  the  con- 
venlencies  and  luxuries,  for  which  they  exchange  the  produce 
of  their  labours.    The  wealth  of  this  extended  cont'nent  cen- 


AHERICAlf  RKVOLUTION.  559 

terB  with  you;  and  our  trade  ia  so  regulated  hb  to  be  Bubser- 
vlent  oaly  to  your  intereat  You  are  too  reasonable  to  expect, 
that  by  taxes  (In  addition  to  thl-e)  we  Bhould  contribute  to  your 
expence;  to  believe  after  idlvertlng:  the  fountain,  that  the 
streams  can  Bow  with  unabated  force. 

"It  has  been  said,  that  we  refuse  lo  submit  to  the  restrictions 
on  our  commerce.  Prom  whence  Is  this  Inferencs  drawn?  Not 
from  our  words,  we  having  repeatedly  declared  the  contrary; 
and  we  again  profess  our  Bubmlsslon  to  the  several  acts  oC 
trade  and  navigation  passed  before  the  year  1763,  trusting 
DerertheleBS  in  the  equity  and  Justice  of  parliament,  that  such 
of  them  as,  upon  cool  and  Impartial  cons.deratlan.  shall  appear 
to  have  Imposed  unnecessary  cr  grievous  res.ricilons,  wilt,  at 
some  happier  period,  be  repealed  or  al:ereJ,  And  we  cheer- 
fully consent  to  the  operation  of  such  acts  cf  the  British  par- 
liament as  shall  be  restrained  to  the  regulation  of  our  external 
commerce,  for  the  purpose  of  securing  the  commercial  advan- 
tages of  the  whole  empire  to  the  mother  country,  and  the  com- 
mercial beneQ:B  of  Its  reapectlTe  members;  excluding  every 
idea  of  lAxatloD  internal  or  external,  for  raising  a  revenue  on 
the  subjects  In  America  without  their  consent. 

"It  is  alleged  that  we  contribute  no:hlng  to  the  common  de- 
fence. To  this  we  answer,  that  the  advantages  which  Oreat- 
Brltaln  receives  from  the  monopoly  of  our  trade,  far  ^ceed 
our  proportion  ol  the  expence  necessary  for  that  purpose.  But 
should  these  advantagw  be  Inadequate  thereto,  let  the  restric- 
tions on  our  trade  be  removed,  and  we  will  cheerfully  contri- 
bute sucb  proportion  when  canstl-tutionally  required. 

"It  Is  a  fundamental  principle  of  the  Brttleh  consttcutlon, 
that  every  man  should  bare  at  least  a  reprcsentaiivr  Btiare  In 
the  formation  of  those  laws,  by  which  he  Is  bound.  Were  :t 
otherwise,  the  regulation  of  our  internal  police  by  a  British 
parliament,  who  are  and  ever  will  be  unacquainted  with  our 
local  circumstances,  must  be  always  inconvenient,  and  fre- 
quently oppressive,  working  our  wrong,  without  yielding  any 
possible  advantage  to  you. 

"A  plan  of  accommodation  (as  It  has  been  absurdly  called) 
has  been  proposed  by  your  ministers  to  our  respective  assemb- 
lies. Were  this  proposal  free  from  every  o[her  objection,  but 
that  which  Bj-isea  from  the  time  of  the  offer,  it  would  not  be 
unexceptionable.  Can  men  deliberate  with  the  bayonet  at  their 
breaat?  Can  they  treat  with  freedom,  while  their  towns  are 
sacked:  when  dally  Instances  ot  Injustice  and  oppression  dis- 
turb the  slower  operations  of  reaaon? 

"If  this  proposal  is  really  such  as  you  would  offer  and  we 


560  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

accept,  why  was  it  delayed  till  the  nation  was  put  to  ueeless 
ezpence,  and  we  were  reduced  to  our  present  melancholy  situa^ 
tlon?  If  it  holds  forth  nothing,  why  was  it  proposed?  Unless 
indeed  to  deceive  you  into  a  belief,  that  we  were  unwiUia€..to 
listen  to  any  terms  of  accommodation?  But  what  is  submitted 
to  our  consideration?  We  contend  for  the  disposal  of  our 
property.  We  are  told  that  our  demand  ds  unreasonable,  that 
our  assemblies  may.  indeed  collect  our  money,  but  <that  they 
must  at  the  same  time  offer,  not  what  your  exigencies  or  ours 
may  require,  but  so  much  as  shall  be  deemed  sufficient  to 
satisfy  the  desires  of  a  minister  and  enable  him  to  provide  for 
favourites  and  dependents.  A  recurrence  to  your  own  treasury 
will  convince  you  how  little  of  the  money  already  extorted 
from  us  has  been  applied  to  the  relief  of  your  burthens.  To 
suppose  that  we  would  thus  grasp  the  shadow  and  give  up  the 
substance,  is  adding  insult  to  injuries. 

"We  have  nevertheless  again  presented  an  humble  and  duti- 
ful petition  to  our  sovereign;  and  to  remove  every  imputation 
of  obstinacy,  have  requested  his  majesty  to  direct  some  mode, 
by  which  the  united  applications  of  his  faithful  colonists  may 
be  improved  into  a  happy  and  permanent  reconciliation.  We 
are  willing  to  treat  on  such  -terms  as  can  alone  render  an  ac- 
commodation lasting,  an<i  we  flatter  ourselves  that  our  pacific 
endeavours  will  be  attended  with  a  removal  of  ministerial 
troops,  and  a  repexl  of  those  laws  of  the  operation  of  which 
we  complain,  on  the  one  part,  and  a  disbanding  of  our  army, 
and  a  dissolution  of  our  commercial  associations,  on  the  other. 

"Yet  conclude  not  from  this  that  we  propose  to  surrender  our 
property  into  the  ihands  of  your  ministry,  or  vest  your  parlia- 
ment with  a  power  which  may  terminate  in  our  destruction. 
The  great  bulwarks  of  our  constitution  we  have  desired  to 
maintain  by  every  temperate,  by  every  peaceable  means;  but 
your  ministers  (equal  foes  to  British  and  American  freedom) 
have  added  to  their  former  oppressions  an  attempt  to  reduce 
us  by  the*  sword  to  a  base  and  abject  submission.  On  the  sword, 
therefore,  we  are  compelled  to  rely  for  protection.  Should 
victory  declare  in  your  favour,  yet  men  trained  to  arms  from 
their  infancy,  and  animated  by  the  love  of  liberty,  will  afford 
neither  a  cheap  or  easy  conquest.  Of  this  at  least  we  are  as- 
sured, that  our  struggle  will  be  glorious,  our  success  certain; 
since  even  in  death  we  shall  find  that  freedom  which  in  life 
you  forbid  us  to  enjoy. 

"Let  us  now  ask  what  advantages  are  to  attend  our  reduc- 
tion? The  trade  of  a  ruined  and  desolate  country  is  always 
inconsiderable,  its  revenue  trifling;  the  expence  of  subjecting 


AUERiCAN  REVOL.UTION.  6SL 

and  retalnlnK  It  In  subjection  certain  and  Inevitable.  Wbat 
then  remalna  but  the  BratMlcatlon  ot  an  lll-Judged  pride,  or 
the  hope  of  rendering  aa  ButMervient  ta  desigrna  i>n  your  liberty. 

'Soldiers  who  bave  aheathed  their  swords  In  the  bowels  ot 
their  American  brethren,  wltl  not  draw  tbem  with  more  re- 
Inotance  agalnet  you.  When  too  late  yon  may  lament  the  loos 
of  that  treedom,  wliich  we  exhort  you,  while  still  In  your 
power,  to  preserva 

"On  the  other  hand,  should  you  prove  uneuccesslul;  should 
that  connexion,  which  we  most  ardently  wish  to  maintain,  ba 
dlasolved;  should  your  ministers  exhaust  your  treasures  and 
waste  the  blood  ot  your  countrymen  In  vain  attempts  ou  our 
liberty;  do  they  not  deliver  you,  weak  and  defenceless,  to  your 
natural  enemiee. 

"Since  then  your  liberty  must  be  the  price  ol  your  victories; 
your  ruin,  of  your  defeat: — what  blind  fatality  can  urge  you 
to  a  pursuit  deatructtve  ot  all  that  Britons  hold  dear? 

"If  you  have  no  regard  lo  the  oonaexlon  that  baa  for  ages 
subsisted  between  us;  If  you  have  forgot  the  wounds  we  have 
received  fighting  by  your  side  lor  the  extension  ot  the  empire; 
If  our  commerce  la  not  an  object  below  your  consideration;  It 
Justice  and  humanity  have  lost  their  lafiuence  on  your  hearts, 
still  motives  are  not  wanting  to  excite  your  indignation  at 
the  measures  now  pursued;  your  wealth,  your  honour,  your 
liberty  are  at  stake. 

"Notwithstanding  the  distress  to  which  we  are  reduced,  we 
sometimes  forget  our  own  afflictions,  to  anticipate  and  sym- 
pathize in  yours.  We  grieve  that  raah  and  Anconfllderate  CDun- 
cila  ahould  precipitate  the  destruction  of  an  empire,  which  has 
been  the  envy  and  admiration  ot  ages,  and  call  Ood  to  witness! 
that  we  would  part  with  our  property,  endanger  our  Uvea,  and 
sacrifice  every  thing  but  liberty,  to  redeem  you  from  ruin. 

"A  cloud  hangs  over  your  heads  and  ours;  ere  this  reaches 
you.  It  may  probably  buret  upon  ua;  let  ua  then  (before  the  re- 
membrance of  former  kindness  Is  obliterated)  once  more  repeat 
those  appellations  which  are  ever  grateful  in  our  ears;  let  us 
entreat  Heaven  to  avert  our  ruin,  and  the  destruction  that 
threatens  our  friends,  brethren,  and  countrymen,  on  tbe  other 
side  of  the  Atlantic." 

The  conduct  observed  towards  the  Indian  nations  waa  in 
perfect  conaiBtence  with  that  dlspoeltlon  for  peace  ao  openly 
declared,  and  so  fully  manifested.  Taught  by  adversity  to 
feel  for  the  woes,  and  by  freedom  to  respect  the  rights  ot 
mankind,  we  wish  to  avoid  that  savage  war  which  knows  no 
36-7-3d  Ser. 


562  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

laws  but  indiscriminate  slaugrhter.  And  altho'  our  enemies 
haveendeavoured  to  stigmatize  us  witih  the  design  of  employing 
the  hatchet  against  them,  in  order  to  cast  a  veil  over  their 
own  barbarity;  yet  the  fact  is,  that  we  sedulously  avoided  it, 
and  have  at  length  been  exposed  to  the  fury  of  those  tribes, 
because  we  would  not  take  advantage  of  their  inhuman  thirst 
of  blood  against  our  fellow  men. 

It  was  not  until  the  25th  of  November,  1775.  that  the  Con- 
gress determined  to  retort  upon  our  enemies  the  practice  of 
taking  property  on  the  high  seas.  They  considered  us  as 
rebels,  they  had  no  laws  in  existence  whereby  our  property 
was  forfeited.  Unless  we  were  considered  as  independent, 
their  sovereign  could  not  authorize  the  capture  of  vessels;  and 
yet,  in  defiance  of  law,  of  leason,  and  of  justice,  they  hesitated 
not  to  plunder  indiscriminately  all  those  who  resided  in 
America,  among  whom  not  a  few  were  adherents  to  their  cause. 

Nor  did  the  Congress  even  then  make  reprizals  upon  private 
property,  but  leveled  th  ir  resentment  at  those  only  who  were 
engaged  in  aiding  and  assisting  the  armies  employed  against 
us;  nor  did  they  until  the  2ad  of  March,  1776,  adopt  the  latter 
measure,  the  reasons  of  which  are  fully  set  forth  in  the  follow- 
ing preamble: 

**Whereas  the  petitions  of  the  United  Colonies  to  the  king, 
for  the  redress  of  great  and  manifold  grievances,  have  not  only 
been  rejected,  but  treated  with  scorn  and  contempt,  and  the 
opposition  to  designs  evidently  formed  to  reduce  them  to  a 
state  of  servile  subjection,  and  their  necessary  defence  against 
hostile  forces  actually  employed  to  subdue  them,  declared  re- 
bellion; and  whereas  an  unjust  war  hath  been  commenced 
against  them,  which  the  commanders  of  the  British  fleets  and 
armies  have  prosecuted,  and  still  continue  to  prosecute,  with 
their  utmost  vigour,  and  in  a  cruel  manner  wasting,  spoiling, 
and  destroying  the  country,  burning  houses  and  defenceless 
towns,  and  exposing  the  helpless  innabitants  to  every  misery 
from  the  inclemency  of  the  winter,  and  not  only  urging  savages 
to  invade  the  country,  but  instigating  negroes  to  murder  their 
masters;  and  whereas  the  parliament  of  Great-Britain  hath 
lately  passed  an  act,  affirming  these  colonies  to  be  in  open 
rebellion,  forbidding  all  trade  and  commerce  with  the  inhabit- 
ants thereof,  until  they  shall  accept  pardons,  and  submit  to 
despotic  rule,  declaring  their  property,  wherever  found  upon 
the  water,  liable  to  seizure  and  confiscation,  and  enaC'ii^g,  that 
what  had  been  done  there,  by  virtue  of  the  royal  authority, 
were  just  and  lawful  acts,  and  shall  be  so  deemed;  from  all 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  563 

which  It  Is  maolfeat,  tha;  the  iniqultaui  scheme  concerUd  to 
deprive  them  of  the  liberty  they  have  a  right  to  by  the  laws  of 
nature  and  the  English  canstUutiOD.  will  be  pertinaciously  pur- 
sued; it  being  therefore  Dec«aBary  to  provide  tttr  their  defence 
and  security,  and  Justifiable  to  make  reprisals  upon  their 
enBmleB.and  otherwise  to  annoy  them  according  to  the  laws  aoiJ 
usages  or  [tB.tlons,  the  CongresB,  trust'ng  that  such  of  their 
friends  In  Great-Britain  (of  whom  it  Is  confessed  there  are 
manylQtltledto  applause  and  gratitude  for  their  patriotism  and 
benevolence,  and  In  whose  favour  a  dlacrimlnatlon  of  property 
cannot  t>e  made)  as  shall  suffer  by  captures,  will  Impute  It  to 
the  authors  of  our  common  calamities,  do  declare  and  resolve, 
as  followeih." 

But  however  reluctantly  we  proceeded  In  exteiidlng'  the 
calamities  of  war  to  our  fellow  countrymen,  and  strengthening 
ourselves  by  the  capture  of  those  riches  which  were  to  be  em- 
ployed for  our  destruction,  the  most  sedulous  attention  was 
paid  to  avoid  and  to  alleviate  the  calamities  too  neccsaarily 
attending  a  contest  so  Important  and  so  fruitful  In  dlstresB. 
For  not  only  was  the  most  generous  provision  made  to  clothe 
and  to  f«ed  those  prisoners  whom  the  fortune  o[  war  had 
placed  In  our  power,  but  lest  the  provocations  they  had  re- 
ceived might  stimulate  Individuals  to  revenge,  we  find  that  on 
the  2d  of  January.  1776,  the  Congress  came  to  the  following 
resolution,  vli. 

"Whereas  the  execrable  barbarity  with  which  this  unhappy 
war  has  been  conducted  on  the  part  of  our  enemies,  such  as 
burning  our  defenceless  towns  and  villages,  exi>oslng  their  In- 
habitants, without  regard  to  sex  or  age,  to  all  the  miseries 
which  loss  of  property,  the  rigour  of  the  season,  and  Inhuman 
devastation  can  Inflict,  exciting  domestic  Insurrections  and 
murders,  bribing  savages  to  desolate  our  frontiers,  and  casting 
such  of  us  as  the  fortune  of  war  has  put  in  their  power.  Into 
gaols,  there  to  languish  In  Irona  and  In  want,  compelling  the 
inhabitants  of  Boston.  In  violation  of  the  treaty,  to  remain 
confined  within  the  town,  exposed  to  the  Insolence  of  the 
soldiery,  and  other  enormities,  at  the  mention  of  which  de- 
cency and  humanity  will  ever  blush,  may  Justly  provoke  the 
Inhabitants  of  these  colonies  to  retaliate; 

"Resolved.  That  it  be  recommendod  to  th«m  to  continue 
mindful  that  humanity  ought  to  distinguish  the  brave,  that 
cruelty  should  find  no  admission  among  a  free  people,  and  to 
take  care  that  no  page  In  the  annals  of  America  be  stainEd  by 
a  recital  of  any  action  which  Justice  or  Christianity  may  con- 


664  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

demn,  and  to  rest  assured  that  w*henever  retaliation  may  be 
necessary  or  tend  to  their  security,  this  Congress  will  under- 
take the  disagreeable  taek." 

It  must  be  remarked,  that  this  resolution  was  passed  when 
the  most  ample  means  of  retaliation  were  in  our  power,  and 
the  affairs  of  America  were  the  most  promiseing  aspect,  for 
the  defeat  before  Quebec  was  not  yet  known,  but,  on  the  con- 
trary, it  was  expected  that  capital  fortress  would  soon  fall  into 
our  hands.  Thousands  on  this  continent  would  not  have  wept 
in  anguish  for  the  loss  of  a  husband,  a  father,  or  a  friend,  had 
the  same  emotions  of  philanthropy  pervaded  the  bosoms  of  our 
persecutors.  But  the  stroke  of  divine  Justice  seems  to  have 
been  suspended  until  their  cup  of  guilt  was  filled  with  the 
widows  and  the  orphans  tears. 

Notwithstanding  the  efforts  which  had  been  made  for  recon- 
ciliation, the  prospect  of  it  seemed  every  moment  to  be  more 
remote.  Every  account  from  Great-'Britain  served  to  confirm 
Che  opinion,  that  nothing  short  of  an  unconditional  submission 
on  our  part  would  be  accepted;  and  every  day's  enquiry  con- 
vinced the  unprejudiced,  that  we  had  every  thing  to  fear  from 
a  connection  with  them.  As  the  governments  of  the  several 
colonies  had  been  exercised  under  authority  from  the  king  of 
Great-Britain,  they  were  reduced  to  the  alternative  of  being 
in  a  manner  without  government,  or  of  instituting  new  systems 
on  a  basis  purely  republican.  The  former  was  chosen,  as  the 
latter  would  have  tended  greatly  to  impede  a  future  connection. 
But  a  state  of  political  anarchy  could  not  long  be  tolerable  to 
any  society;  the  evils  resulting  from  it  must  at  length  have 
produced  the  most  fatal  consequences;  and  it  was  impossible 
to  foresee  what  might  be  the  event  of  a  contest  in  which  man- 
kind were  set  loose  from  the  restraints  of  law.  Impressed 
with  these  ideas,  the  Congress  on  the  15th  of  May,  1776,  pub- 
lished the  following  resolution: 

''Whereas  his  Britannic  majesty,  in  conjunction  with  the 
lords  and  commons  of  Great-Britain  has,  by  a  late  act  of  parlia- 
ment, excluded  the  inhabitants  of  these  United  Colonies  from 
the  protection  of  his  crown;  and  whereas  no  answer  whatever 
to  the  humble  petitions  of  the  colonies  for  redress  of  grievances 
and  reconciliation  with  Great-Britain  has  been  or  Is  likely  to 
be  given,  but  the  wnole  force  of  that  kingdom,  aided  by  foreign 
mercenaries,  is  to  be  exerted  for  the  destruction  of  the  good 
people  of  these  colonies;  and  whereas  it  appears  absolutely  ir- 
reconcileable  to  reason  and  good  conscience,  for  the  people  of 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,  SSO 

these  colonlea  now  to  take  the  oatbs  and  afllrmatlonB  neceaa&rj 
for  th«  aupport  ol  any  government  under  the  crown  of  Qreat- 
BtIUId;  and  It  Is  necaasary  that  th«  exercise  of  everr  kind  of 
authority  under  the  aald  crown  should  be  totally  suppressed, 
and  all  the  powers  ol  government  exerted  ander  the  authority 
of  the  people  of  the  colonies.  lor  the  preservation  of  Internal 
peace,  virtue,  and  good  order,  aa  well  aa  for  the  defence  of 
their  Uvea,  liberties  and  properties,  agalnat  the  hoatlle  Invaa- 
ions  and  cruel  depredations  of  tbeir  enemies; 

"Resolved,  That  It  be  recommended  to  the  respective  b£- 
•embltes  and  conventions  of  the  United  Colonies,  where  no 
government  sufQclent  to  the  exigencies  of  their  affairs  hath 
been  hitherto  eatabliahed,  to  adopt  such  government  as  shall 
m  the  opinion  of  the  representatives  of  the  people  best  conduce 
to  the  bapplneas  and  safety  of  their  constituents  In  particular, 
and  America  in  general." 

The  conduct  of  Great-Br'taln  waa  atlU  the  same  compound  of 
violence  and  fraud.  While  the  stores  of  political  artifice  were 
exhausted,  to  prevent  up  from  obtaining  foreign  aid,  nothing, 
which  money  or  promises  could  etiect  was  left  undone,  to  col- 
lect the  mercenaries  of  German;  for  our  subjugation.  Foiled 
In  their  former  efforts,  they  called  forth  all  their  strength;  and 
to  lull  us  Into  security  at  the  same  time,  endeavoured  to  cover 
their  designs  with  the  thin  veil  of  reconclllaUon.  For  this  pur- 
pose they  passed  an  act  of  parliament,  and  in  consequence  of 
it  appointed  commissioners,  with  power  to  grant  pardons  to 
those  Americans,  who  would  be  so  guilty  as  to  solicit  them. 
At  length,  fully  convinced  of  what  reason  bad  long  dictated, 
that  no  rational  security  for  our  liberties  could  be  obtained 
during  a  connection  with  Great-Britain,  and  that  every  Idea  of 
dependence  tended  to  enfeeble  our  efforts,  in  a  cause  on  which 
every  thing  was  at  stake,  the  fine  spun  thread,  which  held  (be 
two  countries  together,  was  cut  on  the  memorable  4th  <tf  Jul;, 
1776,  by  the  following 
"DECLARATION     by     the     Representatives     of     the 

UNITED     8TATSS  of    AMERICA,     in     Congress 

assembled. 

"WHEN,  In  the  course  of  human  events.  It  becomes  neceosary 
for  one  people  to  dissolve  the  political  bands  which  have  con- 
nected them  with  another,  and  to  assume,  among  the  powers  of 
the  earth,  the  separate  and  equal  station  to  which  the  laws 
of  nature  and  of  nature's  God  entitle  them,  a  decent  respect  to 
the  opinions  of  mankind  requires  that  they  should  declare  the 
causes  which  impel  then  to  the  separation. 


pUWtJrS     iiliUl     LUC     M\JHOk;ih.    \j  l     ciiv.     (^w  .  v  .  ..  x  ,..  ,     « ^      ..  .. 

form  of  government  becomes  destructive  of  these 
the  right  of  the  people  to  alter  or  to  abolish  it.  and 
new  government,  laying  its  foundation  on  such  pri: 
organizing  its  powers  in  such  form,  as  to  them  shal 
likely  to  effect  their  safety  and  hai)i)in?ss.  Prude 
will  dictate,  that  governments  long  established,  sh 
changed  for  lighL  and  transient  causes;  and  acc^ 
experience  hath  shewn,  that  mankind  are  more 
suffer,  while  evils  are  sutferable,  than  to  right  th< 
abolishing  the  forms  to  which  they  are  accustomed, 
a  long  train  of  abuses  and  usurpations,  pursuing  in 
same  object,  evinces  a  design  to  reduce  them  un( 
despotism,  it  .is  their  duty,  to  throw  off  such  gove; 
to  provide  new  guards  for  their  future  security.  Si 
the  patient  sufferance  of  these  colonies;  and  such 
necessity  which  constrains  them  to  alter  their  fori 
of  government.  The  history  of  the  present  kin 
Britain  is  a  history  of  repeated  injuries  and  usu 
having  in  direct  object  the  establishment  of 
tyranny  over  these  states.  To  prove  this,  let  U 
mitted  to  a  candid  world: 

'*H6  has  refused  his  assent  to  laws  the  most  wh 
necessary  for  the  public  good. 

"He  has  forbidden  his  governors  to  pass  laws  c 
and  pressing  importance,  unless  suspended  in  th( 
till  his  assent  should  be  obtained;  and  when  so  si 
has  utterly  neglected  to  attend  to  them. 

"He  has  refused  to  pass  other  laws  for  the  accon 


AHBKICAN  REVOLUTION.  B67 

cause  otbM^  to  be  elected;  wta^'eby  tlie  legisIatiTe  pow«rB,  in- 
capable of  annib nation,  have  returned  to  tbe  people  at  large  for 
tlielr  exerclae;  the  state  retnalnins,  In  the  mean  time,  exposed 
to  all  tbe  dangers  ot  invasion  from  wlthoat,  and  convulsions 
wltbln. 

"He  has  endeavoured  to  prevent  tbe  papulation  ol  these 
states;  for  that  purpose  obstructing  the  laws  for  naturalisation 
of  foreigners;  refusing  to  pass  others  Ut  encourage  tbelr  migrsr 
tlona  hither,  and  raising  the  conditions  ot  new  appropriations 
ot  lands. 

"He  has  obstructed  the  administration  of  justice,  by  relns- 
ing  his  assent  to  laws  toi  establishlDg  Judiciary  powers. 

"He  has  made  Judges  dependent  on  his  will  alone,  for  the 
tenure  of  their  oOlces,  and  the  amount  and  payment  of  their 
salaries. 

"He  has  erected  a  multitude  of  new  offices,  and  sent  h  tber 
swarms  of  offlcers  to  harrnas  our  people,  and  eat  out  their  sub- 

"He  haa  kept  among  us.  In  times  of  peace,  standing  armies, 
without  the  consent  of  our  leglsIatureB. 

"He  has  affected  to  render  the  military  'ndependedt  of,  and 
superior  to  the  civil  power. 

"He  has  combined  with  others  to  subject  us  to  a  Jurisdiction 
foreign  to  our  constitution,  and  unacknowledged  hy  our  laws; 
giving  his  assent  to  their  acts  of  pretended  legislation: 

"For  quartering  large  bodies  ot  armed  troops  among  us: 

"For  protecting  them,  by  a  mock  trial,  from  punishment  for 
any  murders  which  they  should  commit  on  the  Inhabitants  of 
these  states: 

"For  cutting  off  our  trade  with  all  parts  ot  the  world: 

"For  imposing  taxes  on  us  without  our  consent: 

"For  depriving  us.  In  many  cases,  ot  the  benefits  ot  trial  by 
Jury: 

'For  transporUng  us  beyond  seas  to  be  tried  tor  pretended 
offences : 

"For  abolishing  the  free  system  ot  EnRUsh  laws  in  a  nelgh- 
IfOurlng  province,  establishing  therein  an  arbitrary  govern- 
ment, and  enlarging  ita  boundaries,  so  as  to  render  It  at  once 
an  example  and  fit  Instrument  (or  Introducing  the  Bsme  abso- 
lute rule  Into  these  colonies: 

■'For  taking  away  our  char;er8.  abolishing  our  most  valuable 
laws,   and   altering   fundamentally   the   forms  of   our   govern- 

"For  Huapending  our  own  legislatures,  and  declaring  them- 
selves Invested  with  power  to  legislate  for  us  in  all  cases  what- 


568  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

"He  has  abdicated  government  here,  by  declaring  us  out  of 
bis  protection,  and  waging  war  against  us. 

"He  has  plundered  our  seas,  ravaged  our  coasts,  burnt  our 
towns,  and  destroyed  the  lives  of  our  people. 

"He  is,  at  this  time,  transporting  large  armies  of  foreign 
mercenaries  to  complete  tne  works  of  death,  desolation,  and 
tyranny,  already  begun  with  circumstances  of  cruelty  and  per- 
fidy, scarcely  paralleled  in  the  most  barbarous  ages,  and  totally 
unworthy  the  head  of  a  civilized  nation. 

"He  has  constrained  our  fellow-citizens,  taken  captive  on  the 
high  seas,  to  bear  arms  against  their  country,  to  become  the 
executioners  of  their  friends  and  brethren,  or  to  fall  themselves 
by  their  hands. 

"He  has  excited  domestic  insurrections  amongst  us,  and  has 
endeavoured  to  bring  on  the  inhabitants  of  our  frontiers  the 
merciless  Indian  savages,  whose  known  rule  of  warfare  Is  an 
undistinguished  destruction,  of  all  ages,  sexes,  and  'conditions. 

"In  every  stage  of  these  oppressions  we  have  petitioned  for 
redress  in  the  most  humble  terms:  Our  repeated  petitions 
have  been  answered  only  by  repeated  injury.  A  prince,  whose 
character  is  thus  marked  by  every  act  which  may  define  a 
tyrant,  is  unfit  to  be  the  ruler  of  a  free  people. 

"Nor  have  we  been  wanting  in  attentions  to  our  British 
brethren.  We  have  warned  them,  from  time  to  time,  of  at- 
tempts by  their  legislature  to  extend  an  unwarrantable  juris- 
diction over  us.  We  have  reminded  them  of  the  circumstances 
of  our  emigration  and  settlement  here.  We  have  appealed  to 
their  native  Justice  and  magnanimity,  and  we  have  conjured 
ithem  by  the  ties  of  our  common  kindred  to  disavow  these 
usurpations,  which  would  dnevitably  interrupt  our  connexions 
and  correspondence.  They  too  have  been  deaf  to  the  voice  of 
Justice  and  of  consanguinity.  We  must,  therefore,  acquiesce  in 
the  necessity,  which  denounces  our  separation,  and  hold  them, 
as  we  hold  the  rest  of  mankind,  enemies  in  war,  in  peace 
friends. 

"We,  therefore,  the  represenUtives  of  the  UNITED 
STATES  of  AMERICA,  in  GEO^J'ERAL  CONGRESS  assembled, 
appealing  to  the  supreme  Judge  of  the  world  for  the  rectitude 
of  our  dntentions,  do,  in  the  name,  and  by  authority  of  the 
good  people  of  these  colonies,  solemnly  publish  and  declare. 
That  these  United  Colonies  are,  and  of  right  ought  to  be, 
FREE  and  INDEIPENDENT  STATES;  that  they  are  absolved 
from  all  allegiance  to  the  British  crown,  and  that  all  political 
connexion  between  them  and  the  state  of  Great-Britain,  is, 
and  ought   to  be,   totally  dissolved;  and   that  as  FREE  and 


AMBRICAlf  BBVOLUTION.  569 

INDBPBNDENT  STATES;  they  have  lull  power  to  levy  war. 
conclude  peace,  coDtract  alllaacea,  establish  commerce,  and  to 
do  all  other  acts  and  things  which  INDBPBNDENT  STATES 
may  of  right  do.  And  (or  the  auppM't  of  this  declaration,  with 
a  firm  reliance  on  the  protection  of  DIVINE  PROVIDE»fCE, 
we  mutually  pledge  to  each  other  our  llree,  our  fortunes,  and 
our  BEcred  honor." 

This  decisive  step  was  taken  in  the  face  of  the  whole  British 
f<vce  collected  on  our  shores.  From  that  moment  every  thing 
assumes  a  new  appearance:  The  propositions  and  supplica- 
tions for  reconciliation,  so  haughtly  rejected,  were  done  away. 
The  metaphysical  disquisitions  about  the  compatibility  of  col- 
onial liberty  and  parliamentary  authority  In  commercial  super- 
tntendency  by  acts  of  legielation,  to  the  eltect  of  external,  ex- 
clnsively  of  the  idea  of  Internal,  taxation:— These,  with  all  the 
Jargon  incident  to  Ihem.  were  at  an  end.  A  single  clear  point 
was  put  on  the  issue  of  the  contest,  whether  we  nhould  be  con- 
quered enslaved  provinces,  or  free  and  Independent  States? 
And  on  this  proposition  every  man  was  in  capacity  to  talce  his 
decided  part. 

Upon  the  3d  day  of  September,  1776,  general  Sullivan,  wtio 
had  been  made  prisoner  by  the  enemy  In  the  action  of  Long 
Island,  delivered  the  following  message  to  Congress  from  lord 
Howe: 

"That,  though  be  could  not  at  present  treat  with  Congrese 
as  such,  yet  he  was  very  desirous  of  having  a  cootereace  with 
some  of  the  members,  whom  be  would  consider  for  the  present 
only  as  private  gentlemen,  and  meet  them  himself  as  such,  at 
such  place  as  they  should  appoint: 

"That  be.  In  conjunctiion  with  general  Howe,  had  full  powers 
to  eompromiBe  the  dis[ute  between  Great-Britain  and  America 
upon  terms  advantageous  to  both;  the  obtaining  of  which  de- 
layed  him  near  two  montihs  in  Sngland,  and  prevented  his  ar- 
rival at  this  place  before  the  declaration  of  Independency  took 
place: 

"That  be  wished  a  compact  might  be  settled  at  this  time. 
w>hen  no  deoislve  blow  was  struck,  and  neither  party  could 
say  that  they  were  compelled  to  enter  Into  such  agreement: 

"That,  in  case  Congress  were  disposed  to  treat,  many  things, 
which  they  had  not  as  yet  asked,  might  and  ought  to  be 
granted  them;  and  that.  If  upon  the  conference,  they  found  any 
probable  ground  of  an  accommodation,  the  auAorlty  of  Con- 
gress must  be  afterwards  acknowledged,  otherwise  the  compact 
would  not  be  complete." 


any  of  its  members,  to  confer  with  his  lorasnip  in  i 
characters,  but  that  ev'?r  dosirous  of  establish !r 
reasonable  terms,  they  will  send  a  committee  of  tb 
know  whether  he  has  any  authority  to  treat  with 
thorizp;!  by  C:Higresa  for  that  purpose  in  behalf 
and  what  that  authority  is,  ani  to  hoar  such  propo 
shall  think  fit  to  make  respecing  the  same: 

"That  the  president  be  desired  to  write  to  gener 
ton,  and  acquaint  him,  that  it  is  the  opinion  of  ( 
proposalB  for   making  peace  between  Oreat-Briti 
United  States  of  America  ought  to  be  received  or 
unless  the  same  be  made  in  writing  and  addressed 
sentatives  of  the  said  states  in  Congress,  or  person 
by  them:    And  if  application  be  made  to  him  b} 
commanders  of  the  British  forces  on  that  subject 
form  them,  that  these  Un'.ted  States,  who  entered 
only  for  the  defence  of  their  lives  and  liberties,  wi 
agree  to  peace  on  reasonable  terms,  whenever  s 
proposed  to  them  !n  manner  aforesaid." 

The  committee  was  appointed  the  next  day,  a 
17th  made  the  following  report, 

"In  obedience  to  the  orders  of  Congress,  we  have 
ing  with  lord  Howe.    It  was  on  Wednesday  last 
Island,  opposite  to  Amboy.  where  his  lordship  rec( 
tertained  us  with  the  utmost  politeness. 

"His  lordship  opened  the  conversation  by  ac( 
that,  tho'  he  could  noi  treat  with  us  as  a  comm 
«   „^»f  «„  v,fa  nr^wprn  pTiahlpd  him  to  confer  and 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  571 

tained  no  expUcJt  proposition  of  peace,  except  one,  namely, 
Tbat  tbe  colontea  should  return  to  their  allegiance  and  obedi- 
ence to  tbe  gOTernineat  of  Oreat-Brltain.  The  rest  canaifAed 
principally  of  assurances,  that  there  was  an  exceeding  good 
dlqiositlon  In  the  k^ng  and  hU  ministers  to  make  that  govern- 
ment easy  to  us,  with  Intimations,  that,  in  case  of  our  BUbmle-' 
Blon,  they  would  cause  the  offensive  acts  of  parliament  to  be 
revised,  and  tbe  Instructions  to  governors  to  be  reconsidered; 
Chat  BO,  II  any  Just  causes  or  complaint  were  found  in  the  acta, 
or  any  errors  '.n  government  were  perceived  to  have  crept  Into 
the  Instructions,  they  might  be  amended  or  withdrawn. 

"We  gave  it  as  our  opinion  to  his  iordghlp,  that  a  return  to 
the  domination  oF  Oreat-Britain  was  not  now  to  be  expected. 
We  mentioned  the  rspealed  humble  petitions  o:  the  colonies 
to  the  king  and  parliament,  which  had  been  treated  with  con- 
tempt and  answered  only  by  additional  injuries;  the  unex- 
ampled patience  we  had  sbtwn  under  their  tyrannical  gOTem- 
ment,  and  that  It  was  not  till  the  late  act  of  parliament,  which 
denounced  war  against  us,  ani  put  us  out  of  the  king's  protec- 
tion, thaL  we  declared  our  Independence;  that  this  declaration 
had  been  called  far  by  the  people  of  the  colonies  In  general; 
that  every  colony  had  approved  of  it,  when  made,  and  all  now 
considered  themselves  as  Independent  States,  and  were  settling 
ortaad settled  their  governments  accordingly;  so  that  U  was  not 
in  the  power  of  Congress  to  agree  for  tbem,  that  tbey 
should  return  to  their  former  d^endent  state;  that  there  was 
no  doubt  of  their  IncUnat'.on  to  peace,  and  tbelr  willingness  to 
enicT  into  a  treaty  with  Britain,  that  might  be  advantageous  to 
both  countries;  that,  though  his  lordship  had  at  present  no 
power  to  treat  with  them  as  Independent  States,  he  might.  It 
there  was  th;  same  good  disposition  In  Britain,  much  sooner 
obtain  fresh  powers  from  thence,  for  that  purpose,  than 
powers  could  be  obtained  by  Congress,  from  the  several  col- 
onies, to  consent  to  a  submission. 

"His  lordship  then  saying,  that  he  was  sorry  to  find,  that  no 
accomodation  was  like  to  take  palce.  put  an  end  to  the  con- 
ference. 

"Upon  the  whole,  it  did  not  appear  to  your  committee,  that 
his  lordship's  commission  contained  any  other  authority  tha'n 
that  expressed  in  the  act  of  parliament,  namely,  that  of  grant- 
ing pardons,  with  such  exceptions  as  the  commissioners  shall 
think  proper  to  make,  and  of  declaring  America,  or  any  paTt 
of  1:.  to  be  in  the  king's  peace,  upon  HubmlBaion:  For.  as  to 
the  power  of  enquiring  into  the  state  of  America,  which  his 
lor.lanip   mentione,!   to   u&.   and   of   conferring  and  consulting 


3TJ  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

with  any  persons  the  commissioners  might  think  proper,  and 
r^:^i}«iktlii|^  the  result  of  such  conversation  to  the  ministry, 
who  poroYided  the  colonies  would  subject  themselves,  might 
«tt^r  all  or  might  not,  at  their  pleasure,  make  any  alterations 
iu  the  tormer  instructions  to  governors,  or  propose  in  parlia- 
itt<»ut  any  amendment  of  the  acts  complained  of,  we  appre- 
h^uded  any  expectation  from  the  effect  of  such  a  power  would 
hav^  be<?n  too  uncertain  and  precarious  to  be  relied  on  by 
Aiuer lca»  had  she  still  continued  in  her  state  of  dependence." 

l!>Otitt  this  moment  the  war  raged  with  the  utmost  violence, 
and  was  prosecuted  by  the  enemy  with  unabated  vigor  and 
barbarity.  To  recite  the  numerous  instances  in  which  their 
talth«  solemnly  pledged,  hath  been  broken,  would  be  tedious 
aud  perhaps  useless:  Victory  declared  herself  for  a  long  time 
ia  favor  of  their  superior  numbers  and  superior  discipline,  and 
their  Insolence  was  equal  to  their  success.  Unable  to  compre- 
hend the  whole  of  the  object  they  had  undertaken,  and  over- 
joyed at  the  acquisition  of  the  minuter  parts,  already  the  needy 
greedy  parasites  of  a  voluptuous  court  had  in  imagination 
vHjOTYed  out  our  possessions  among  them,  and  wantoned  in  the 
Vir-oc»pect  of  enjoying  the  fruits  of  our  laborious  industry. 
IN^y  thing,  therefore,  which  looked  like  conciliation,  was 
Ur^tat^  a:»  a  concession  flowing  from  feebleness  of  souL  The 
^irit  of  despotism,  flushed  with  hope  and  inured  to  guilt, 
tiAraed  a  hard  unfeeling  eye  upon  the  miseries  of  human 
Vkattttek  and  directed,  well  pleas'd,  the  scorm  of  vengeance  to 
th^  h^d  of  freedom.  But  that  full  tide  of  success,  which  had 
^Murvi^  their  expectations  so  hi^,  began  to  ebb  away:  The 
)l<jUJUuit  army  commanded  by  Burgoyne,  checked  by  impedi- 
^it^ttta  whkh  nature  had  thrown  in  his  course,  at  length  sub- 
mUtl^  notwithstanding  the  eftorts  of  their  accomplished  gen- 
#kH^»  to  the  determined  bravery  of  their  foes.  The  splendor  of 
^^tr^  ««ic<c<^sa  in  that  quarter  called  the  attention  of  Europe  t;> 
0^  (wrUtttde  and  perseverance.  The  weight  and  importance 
g4(  a  t^miittry  which  could  resist  :ne  astonishing  efforts  made  by 
VjH^^At-Britaln.  were  evident  to  the  mos:  careless  obscuration. 
•^W  ackaowledgement  of  our  independence  became  therefor? 
aMt  o^MiH  of  aerious  delil>eration.  Awakened  from  thejr  dream 
OJ^  ttoc'^  to  a  view  of  their  danger,  the  ministry  of  England 
«JKHvr<**^ut^i.  if  possible,  to  recover  what  :hey  had  wantonly 
v^'Oika  away. 

vHa  ;ii<^  ^l*c  iay  of  April.  17TS.  liie  Congress,  then  sitting  a: 
\v*^-Vo%i>,  rv^ivevi  a  letter  from  the  geneml.  inclosing  a 
^(U.wi  VNAiKT  tronx  Philadelphia,  to  the  following  effect: 


AMERICAN  KEVOLUTION.  573 

"DRAUQHT  of  a.  BII.L.  for  declaring  the  IncenUonB  of  the 
Parliament  of  Qr eat- Britain,  concerning  the  exercise  of  the 
right  of  Imposing  taxes  within  his  Hajestr's  colonies,  pro- 
Tlncea  and  plantations  ia  Nwth-America. 


i  the  exercise  of  the  right  of  taxation  by  tlie 
Parliament  of  Oreat-Britain,  for  the  purpose  of  raising  a 
rerenue  In  hla  Majesty's  colonies,  provinces,  and  plantations 
in  North- America,  has  been  found  by  experience  to  occasion 
great  nneaslnesBes  and  disorders,  and  has  by  sundry  mlsrepre- 
sentationa  been  made  the  means  of  mlaleadtag  many  of  his 
majesty's  faithful  subjects,  who  yet  acknowledge  the  justice 
of  contributing  to  the  cominoa  defence  of  the  empire,  provided 
such  GontrlbutltMis  should  be  raised  under  the  authority  of  the 
Oeneral  Court,  or  General  Assembly,  of  each  respective  colony, 
province  or  plantation:  And  whereas,  In  order  ag  well  aa  to  re- 
move the  satd  uneaslneMee,  and  to  quiet  the  mlUHJa  of  his  Ma- 
jesty's subjects,  who  may  be  disposed  to  return  to  their  alle- 
giance, as  to  restore  the  peace  and  welfare  of  all  his  Majesty's 
dominions.  It  Is  expedient  to  declare,  that  the  King  and  Par- 
liament of  Great  Britain  will  not  Impose  any  daty,  tax  or 
Bsaessment,  for  the  purpose  of  raletng  a  revenue  within  any 
of  the  said  colonies,  provinces  or  plantatlona: 

"May  it  please  your  Majesty,  That  it  may  be  declared  and 
enacted,  aud  it  Is  hereby  declared  and  enacted,  ftc.  That 
from  and  after  the  passing  of  this  Act,  the  King  and  Parlia- 
ment of  Oreat-Brltalu  will  not  Impose  any  duty,  tax  or  aasess- 
ment  whatsoever,  payable  within  any  of  hla  Majesty's  colonies, 
provinces  and  plantations  In  North^AmerJca,  except  only  such 
duties  as  It  may  be  expedient  to  Impose  for  the  regulation  of 
commerce;  the  net  produce  of  snch  duties  to  be  always  paid 
and  appUed  to,  and  for,  the  use  of  the  colony,  province  or  plan- 
tation, in  which  the  same  shall  be  respectively  levied,  In  such 
manner  aa  other  duties  collected  by  the  authority  of  the  res- 
pective Oeneral  Courts,  or  Oeneral  Assemblies,  of  such  colo- 
nies, provinces  or  plantations,  are  ordinarily  paid  and  applied." 

"DRAUGHT  of  a  BILL  to  enable  his  Majesty  to  appoint  Com- 
missloners  with  sufficient  powers  to  treat,  consult,  and  agree 
upon  the  means  of  quieting  the  disorders  now  subsisting  In 
certain  of  the  colonies,  plantations  and  provinces  of  North- 
America. 

"FOR  the  quieting  and  eitlngulBbing  cf  divers  Jealousies  and 
misapprehensions  of  danger  to  their  liberties  and  legal  rights, 
which  have  misled  many  of  his  Majesty's  subjects  In  the  colo- 


«-«-  *•  x« 


secure  ail  uin  euujcuto  m  t*  v,i^c«. 
liberties  and  rights;  Be  it  enacted.  &c.  That 
be  appointed  by  his  Majesty,  inider  the  Great  St 
Britain,  or  any  cf  them,  shall  by  force  of  this  A 
power,  commiss  on  and  authority  to  treat,  consu 
with  such  body  or  bodies  political  and  corporate, 
assembly  or  assemblies  of  men.  or  with  such  perso 
as  in  their  wisdom  and  discretion  they  shall  think 
concerning  any  grievances,  or  complaints  of  griei 
ing,  or  supposed  to  exist,  in  the  government  of  an 
colonies,  provinces  or  plantations  respectively,  oi 
and  statutes  of  this  realm,  respecting  the  same;  a 
cerning  any  aid  or  contribution  to  be  furnished  1 
of  the  colonies,  provinces  or  plautations  respecti 
common  defence  of  this  realm,  and  the  dominie 
belonging;  and  of  and  concerning  such  other  regi 
visions,  matters  and  things,  as  upon  mature  delilx 
said  Commissioners,  or  any  of  them,  sha 

necessary  or  convenient  for  the  honor  of  his  MaJ 
common  good  of  all  h*s.  subjects. 

"Provided  also,  and  be  it  further  enacted  £ 
That  no  regulation,  provision,  matter  or  thing 
treated,  consulted  or  agreed,  shall  have  any  oi 
effect,  or  be  carried  further  into  execution,  than  i 
mentioned  and  provided,  until  the  same  shall  h 
proved  by  Parliament 

"Provided  also,  and  be  it  further  enacted  by 
aforesaid,    That  in  order  to  facilitate  the  good  pu 


AMERICAN  revolution;  676 

noder  their  reepectlTe  handB  and  seals,  from  time  to  tine,  to 
suapend  tbe  operation  and  effects  o(  a  certain  Act  of  Parlia- 
ment, made  and  paaaod  In  tbe  Ifiih  year  of  the  reign  ol  bis 
preaent  Majeaty,  tor  prohibiting  ail  trade  and  Intercourse  with 
certain  colonies  and  plantations  therein  named,  and  for  ttie 
other  purposes  therein  also  mentioned,  or  any  ot  the  provisions 
or  restrictions  therein  contained,  for  such  convenient  time  as 
the  said  Commissioners  shall  think  proper,  specifying  In  such 
proclamation  at  what  'Imes  or  places  respectively,  and  with 
what  eiceptloDs  and  restrlctloos,  the  said  suspension  shall 
tAke  effect,  and  the  said  suspension  and  proclamation  In  the 
same  roannw  and  form  to  annul  and  revoke,  according  to  the  r 
discretion.  ' 

"And  be  It  further  enacted  by  the  authority  ato:esaid.  That 
the  said  Commissioners,  or  any  of  them,  may,  and  they  are 
bereby  authorised  and  Impowered  to  suspend  In  sucb  places, 
and  tor  such  times  as  they  shall  think  at,  during  the  continu- 
ance of  this  Act.  the  operation  and  effect  of  all  or  any  of  the 
Actor  Acts  of  Parliament  which  have  passed  since  the  10th  day 
of  February.  1763,  and  which  relate  to  any  of  his  Majesty's  said 
colonies,  provinces  or  plantations  In  Nortb-Amerlca,  so  tar  as 
the  same  does  relate  to  bhem.  or  tbe  operation  and  effect  of  any 
clause,  or  any  provision  or  matter  therein  contained,  so  far  as 
such  clauses,  ppovielono  or  mnttore,  relate  to  any  of  tlie  said 
colonies,  provinces  or  plantations. 

"And  It  Is  hereby  enacted  by. tbe  authority  aforesaid.  That 
It  shall  and  may  be  lawful  to  and  tor  the  aald  Commiaaloners. 
or  any  ot  them,  and  they  are  hereby  authorized  and  Im- 

powered to  grant  a  pardon  or  pardons  to  any  number  or  des- 
cription of  persona  within  the  said  colonies,  provinces  or  plan- 
tations. 

"And  tbat  no  let  or  hindrances  may  -happen  from  the  vacancy 
of  the  ofBce  ot  Oovernor  and  Commander  In  Chief  In  any  of  the 
said  colonies,  provinces  or  plantations  respectively,  or  from  the 
absence  ot  such  offlcer  tiom  bis  government.  Be  It  further  en- 
acted by  the  authority  aforesaid.  That  tbe  aald  Commiaaloners, 
or  any  of  them,  shall  have  full  power  and  authority 

In  any  ot  the  eald  colonies,  provinces  or  plantations  respect- 
ively, wtiereln  tals  Majesty  hath  usually  heretofore  nominated 
and  appointed  a  Governor,  to  nominate  and  appoint,  by  any 
Instrument  under  their  hands  and  aeals,  a  proper  parson  to  be 
the  Governor  and  Commander  in  Cblef  In  and  for  any  sucb 
colony,  province  or  plantation,   to  have,  bc^d,  and  ^erclse, 


576  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

during  his  Majesty's  pleasure,  the  said  office  of  Governor  and 
Oommander  in  Chief  in  and  for  such  colony  or  plantation  re- 
spectively, with  all  such  powers  and  authorities  as  any  Gover- 
nor of  such  province  heretofore  appointed  by  his  Majesty 
might  or  could  have  exercised,  in  as  full  and  complete  manner 
and  form,  as  if  such  Governor  and  Commander  in  Chief  had 
been  nominated  and  appointed  by  his  Majesty's  letters  patent 
or  commission,  and  for  that  purpose,  if  need  be,  to  revoke, 
annul,  and  make  void  any  commission  or  letters  patent  hereto- 
fore granted,  for  appointing  any  such  Governor  and  Com- 
mander in  Chief. 


« 


'An  be  it  further  enacted.  That  this  Act  shall  continue  to  be 
in  force  until  the  first  day  of  June,  which  shall  be  in  the  year 
1779. 

Philadelphia,  14th  April,  1778. 

Published  by  order  of  the  Commander  in  Chief, 

ROBERT  MACKENZIE,  Secretary.' 


rt 


This  was  referred  to  a  committee,  who,  on  the  22d  of  April, 
made  the  following  report; 


"The  Committee  to  whom  was  referred  the  general's  letter 
of  the  18th,  containing  a  certain  printed  paper  sent  from  Phila- 
delphia, purporting  to  be  the  draught  of  a  Bill  for  declaring 
the  Intent 'ons  of  the  Parliament  of  Great-Britain,  as  to  the  ex- 
ercise of  what  they  are  pleased  to  term  their  right  of  imposing 
taxes  within  these  United  States;  and  also  the  draught  of  a 
Bill  to  enable  the  King  of  Great-Britain  to  appoint  Commis- 
sioners, with  powers  to  treat,  consult  and  agree  upon  the 
means  of  quieting  certain  disorders  within  the  said  States,  beg 
leave  to  observe, 

"That  the  said  paper  being  industriously  circulated  by  emis- 
saries of  the  enemy,  in  a  partial  and  secret  manner,  the  same 
ought  to  be  forthwith  printed  for  the  public  information. 

"The  Committee  cannot  ascertain  whether  the  contents  of 
<the  said  paper  have  been  framed  in  Philadelphia,  or  in  Great- 
Britain,  much  less  whether  the  same  are  really  and  truly  in- 
tended to  be  brought  into  the  Parliament  of  that  kingdom,  or 
whether  the  said  Parliament  will  confer  thereon  the  usual 
solemnities  of  their  laws.  But  are  inclined  to  believe  this  will 
happen,  for  the  following  reasons: 

"1st.  Because  ther  General  hath  made  divers  feeble  efforts 
to  set  on  foot  some  kind  of  treaty  during  the   last  winter, 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  577 

thoush,  either  from  a  mlataken  Idea  of  bla  own  dlgnltj  and 
Importance,  tbe  want  of  Intormation,  or  aome  other  cause,  he 
hath  not  made  application  to  thoae  who  are  Invested  with  a 
proper  authority. 

"2dl7.  Because  they  suppose  that  the  [alUcloas  Idea  of  a 
cessation  of  hosttUtiea  will  render  these  States  remiss  In  their 
preparations  for  war. 

"3dly.  Because  believing  tbe  Americans  wearied  wdth  war, 
they  suppose  we  will  accede  to  their  terms  for  the  sake  of 


"4thly.  Because  they  suppose  that  our  negoclatlons  may  be 
subject  to  a  like  corrupt  Influence  with  their  debates. 

"Stbly.  Because  they  expect  from  thla  step  tbe  same  eDects 
they  did  (rom  what  one  of  their  ministers  thought  proper  to 
call  his  conciliatory  motion,  via.  that  It  will  prevent  foreign 
powers  from  giving  aid  to  these  States;  that  It  will  lead  their 
own  subjects  to  continue  a  little  longer  the  present  war;  and 
that  It  will  detach  some  weak  men  In  America  from  tbe  cause 
of  freedom  and  virtue. 

"6thly.  Because  their  King,  from  his  own  shewing,  hath  rea- 
son to  apprehend  the*  Us  fleets  and  arnlea,  jistead  of  being 
employed  against  th6  territories  of  these  States,  will  be  neces- 
sary tor  the  defence  of  hie  own  Qomlnlona.    And 

"Tthly.  Because  the  impracticability  of  subjugating  this 
cotintry  being  every  day  more  and  more  maultest,  It  Is  their 
interest  to  extricate  themselves  from  the  war  upon  any  terms. 

•The  Committee  bsg  leave  further  to  observe.  That,  upon  a 
sapposltlon  the  matters  contained  In  the  said  paper  will  really 
go  Into  the  British  3Utute  Book,  they  serve  to  shew,  in  a  clear 
point  of  view,  the  weakness  and  wickedness  of  the  enemy. 

"THEIR  WEAKNESS. 

"IsL  Because  they  formerly  declared,  not  only  that  they  bad 
a  right  to  bind  the  InbabltanU  of  these  States  In  all  caseo 
whatsoever,  but  also  that  the  said  Inhabitants  should  absolute- 
ly and  unconditionally  submit  to  the  eierclse  of  that  right. 
And  this  eubmlaslon  they  have  endeavoured  to  eiact  by  the 
BWord.  Receding  from  this  claim,  therefore,  under  the  present 
circumstances,  shews  tbelr  inability  to  enforce  it 

"2dly.  Because  their  Prince  hath  heretofore  rejected  the 
humblest  petitions  of  the  RepresenUtlves  o(  America,  praying 
37-7"3d  Ser. 


678  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

to  be  considered  as  subjects,  and  protected  in  the  enjoyment  of 
peace,  liberty  and  safety;  and  hath  waged  a  most  cruel  war 
against  them,  and  employed  the  savages  to  butcher  innocent 
women  and  children.  But  now  the  same  Prince  pretends  to 
treat  with  those  very  Representatives,  and  grant  to  the  arms 
of  America  what  he  refused  to  her  prayers. 

"3dly.  Because  they  have  uniformly  labored  to  conquer  this 
continent,  rejecting  every  idea  of  accommodation  proposed  to 
them,  from  a  confidence  in  their  own  strength.  Wherefore  it 
is  evident,  from  the  change  in  their  mode  of  attack,  that  they 
have  lost  this  confidence.    And 


**j 


'4thly.  Because  the  constant  language,  spoken  not  only  by 
their  Ministers,  but  by  the  most  public  and  authentic  acts  of 
the  nation,  hath  been,  that  It  is  incompatible  with  their  dignity 
to  treat  with  the  Americans  while  they  ihave  arms  in  their 
hands.  Notwithstanding  which,  an  offer  is  now  about  to  be 
made  for  treaty. 

"THE  WICKEDNESS  and  INSINCBRTIY  of  the  enemy  ap- 
pear from  the  following  considerations: 

"1st  EMther  tlie  Bills  now  to  be  passed  contain  a  direct  or 
indirect  cession  of  a  part  ol  their  former  claims,  or  they  do 
not.  If  they  do,  then  it  is  acknowledged  that  tbey  have  sacri- 
ficed many  brave  men  in  an  unjust  quarrel.  If  they  do  not, 
then  they  are  calculated  to  deceive  America  into  terms,  to 
which  neither  argument  before  the  war,  nor  force  since,  could 
procure  her  assent 

"2dly.  The  first  of  these  Bills  appears,  from  the  title,  to  be 
a  declaration  of  the  intentions  of  the  British  Parliament  con- 
cerning the  exercise  of  the  right  of  imposing  taxes  within  the^e 
States.  Wherefore,  should  these  States  treat  under  the  said 
Bill,  they  would  Indirectly  acknowledge  that  right,  to  obtain 
which  acknowledgment  the  present  war  hath  been  avowedly 
undertaken  and  prosecuted  on  the  part  of  Great-Britain. 

3dly.  Should  such  pretended  right  be  so  acquiesced  in,  then, 
of  consequence,  the  same  might  be  exercised  Whenever  the 
British  Parliament  should  find  themselves  in  a  different  tem- 
per and  disposition;  since  it  must  depend  upon  those,  and  such 
like  contingencies,  how  far  men  will  act  according  to  their 
former  intentions. 

"4thly.  The  said  first  Bill,  in  the  body  thereof,  containeth 
no  new  matter,  but  is  precisely  the  same  with  the  motion  be- 
fore-mentioned,  and   liable   to    all    the    objections   which   lay 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  679 

■gainst  the  said  motion,  excepting:  tbe  followiag  parUcDlar,  viz. 
tliat  by  the  motion,  actual  taxation  was  to  be  suspended,  ed 
long  as  America  ahou.d  give  aa  much  as  tbe  said  Parliament 
mlgbt  think  proper:  Whereaa,  by  the  proposed  Bill,  It  is  to  be 
auapended,  aa  long  aa  future  ParliamentB  continue  of  the  same 
m:nd  with  the  present. 

"Stbly.  Prom  the  second  Bill  It  appears,  that  the  British 
King  may.  It  be  pleases,  appoint  Commlsslonera  to  treat  and 
agree  with  those,  whom  tbey  please,  about  a  variety  ofthlDga 
therein  mentioned.  But  such  treaties  and  agreements  are  to 
be  of  no  validity  without  the  concurrence  at  the  said  parlia- 
ment, except  so  far  as  they  relate  to  the  suspension  of  hoatill- 
ttes,  and  of  certain  of  their  Acts,  the  granting  of  pardons,  and 
appointing  of  OoTemors  to  these  soverelgrn,  free  and  Ind^pen- 
dent  States.  Wberafore,  the  said  iPHrllament  have  reserved  to 
themselves.  In  expreaa  words,  the  power  ot  setting  aside  any 
such  treaty,  and  taking  tb«  adMntage  ot  any  circumstances 
wblcb  may  arise  to  subject  tbls  coatlnent  to  their  usurpa- 
tions. 

6thly.  The  said  BUI,  by  holding  forth  a  tender  of  pardon. 
Implies  a  crlmlnalty  in  our  lusttfiable  resistance,  and  conse- 
qaently,  to  treat  nnder  It  would  bo  an  Implied  acknowledgment 
that  the  Inhabitants  ot  tlieae  Stateo  were,  what  Britain  hatb 
declared  them  to  be,  Rebels. 

"Tthly.  The  Inhabitants  ot  these  States  being  claimed  by 
them  as  Subjects,  they  may  infer,  from  the  nature  of  the 
negoclatlon  now  pretenued  to  be  set  on  foot,  that  the  said 
Inhabitants  would  of  right  be  afterwards  bound  by  such  laws 
as  they  should  make.  Wherefore  any  agreement  entered  Into 
on  Buch  negoclatlon  might  at  any  future  time  t>e  repealed. 
And 

"Stbly.  Because  the  said  Bill  purports,  that  tbe  Commis- 
sioners therein  ment.oned  may  treat  with  private  Inddvlduals; 
a  measure  highly  derogatory  to  the  dignity  of  national  char- 

"From  all  which  It  appears  evident  to  your  Committee,  that 
the  said  Bills  are  Intended  to  operate  upon  the  hopes  and  tears 
of  the  good  people  of  these  States,  bo  as  to  create  divisions 
among  th^m,  and  a  defection  from  tbe  common  cause,  now  by 
the  blessing  of  Divine  Prov'dence  drawing  near  to  a  favour- 
able Issue.  That  they  arc  the  sequel  ot  that  Insidious  plan, 
which,  from  tbe  days  ot  the  Stamp-act  down  to  the  present 


wo  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

time,  hath  involved  this  country  in  contention  and  bloodshed. 
And  that,  as  in  other  cases  so  in  this  although  circumstances 
may  force  them  at  times  to  recede  from  their  unjustifiable 
claims,  there  can  be  no  doubt  but  they  will  as  heretofore,  upon 
the  first  favorable  occasion,  again  display  that  lust  of  domina- 
tion, which  hath  rent  in  twain  the  mighty  empire  of  Britain. 

"Upon  the  whole  matter,  the  Committee  beg  leave  to  report 
it  as  their  opinion,  that  as  the  Americans  united  in  this  ardu- 
ous contest  upon  principles  of  common  interest,  for  the  defence 
of  common  rights  and  privileges,  which  union  hath  been 
cemented  by  common  calamities  and  by  mutual  good  offices  and 
affection,  so  the  great  cause  for  which  they  contend,  and  in 
which  all  mankind  are  interested,  must  derive  its  success  from 
the  continuance  of  that  union.  Wherefore  any  man  or  body  of 
men,  who  should  presume  to  make  any  separate  or  partial 
convention  or  agreement  with  Commissioners  under  the  crown 
of  Great-Britain,  or  any  of  them,  ought  to  be  considered  and 
treated  as  open  and  avowed  enemies  of  these  United  States. 

"And  inasmuch  as  it  appears  to  be  the  design  of  the  enemies 
opinion.  That  these  United  States  cannot,  with  propriety,  hold 
any  conference  or  treaty  with  any  Commissioners  on  the  part 
of  Great-Britain,  unless  they  shall,  as  a  preliminary  thereto, 
either  withdraw  their  fleets  and  armies,  or  else,  in  positive  and 
express  terms,  acknowldge  the  Independence  of  the  said  States. 

"And  inasmuch  as  it  appears  to  be  the  design  of  the  enemies 
of  these  States  to  lull  them  into  a  fatal  security— to  the  end 
that  they  may  act  with  a  becoming  weight  and  importance,  it 
is  the  opinion  of  your  Committee,  That  the  several  States  be 
called  upon  to  use  the  most  strenuous  exertions  to  have  their 
respective  quotas  of  continental  troops  in  the  field  as  soon  as 
possible,  and  that  all  the  militia  of  the  said  States  be  held  in 
readiness,  to  act  as  occasion  may  require. 

This  report  being  read,  and  debated  by  paragraphs,  was 
agreed  to  unanimously,  and  published. 

On  the  next  day  Congress  came  to  the  following  resoluiion: 

"Whereas  persuasion  and  influence,  the  example  of  the  de- 
luded or  wicked,  the  fear  of  danger,  or  the  calamities  of  war. 
may  have  induced  some  of  the  subjects  of  these  states  to  Join, 
aid.  or  abet  the  British  forces  in  Amprica:  and  tho'  now  de- 
sirous of  returning  to  their  duty,  and  anxiously  w  shirg  to  be 
received  and  reunited  to  their  country,  they  may  be  deterred 
by  the  fear  of  punishment;  and  whereas  the  people  of  these 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  681 

Btatee  are  ever  more  ready  to  reclaim  than  to  abandon,  to 
mitigate  than  to  increoae  the  horrors  of  war,  to  pardon  than  to 

punlah  offenders: 

"Resolved,  That  It  be  recommended  to  the  leglalatares  of  the 
■everal  states  to  pass  laws,  or  to  the  executive  authority  of 
each  state,  It  Invested  with  sufficient  power,  to  Issue  proclama- 
tions ofterlng  pardon,  with  such  excsptiona  and  under  such 
limitations  and  restrictions  as  the  several  states  shall  think 
expedient,  to  such  of  their  Inhabitants  or  subjects  who  have 
levied  war  agains:  any  or  these  states,  or  who  have  adberEd  to, 
aided  or  abetted  the  enemy,  and  who  shall  surrender  them- 
selves to  any  evil  or  military  officer  ol  any  of  thes^  states, 
and  shall  return  to  the  state  to  which  they  may  belong  before 
the  10th  day  of  June  next:  and  It  ib  recommended  to  the  good 
and  faithful  citlsens  of  these  states  to  receive  such  returning 
penitents  with  compassion  and  mercy,  and  to  forgive  and  bury 
In  oblivion  their  past  fallings  and  transgress  ions." 

Ob  the  2d  or  May  Mr.  Simeon  Deane  arrived  at  Yorh-Towa 
with  copies  of  the  treaties  with  France,  which  were  ratlBed  on 
the  4th,  and  on  the  Stb  the  following  address  was  made  to 
the  people  of  America: 

"Friends  and  Countrymen, 
"  THREK  years  have  Dow  passed  away  since  the  commence- 
ment of  the  present  war.  A  war  without  parallel  in  the  annals 
of  mankind.  It  hath  displayed  a  spectacle  the  moat  solemn 
that  can  possibly  be  exhibited.  On  one  side,  we  behold  fraud 
and  violence  laboring  in  theeervlceof  despotiam;  on  the  other, 
virtue  and  fortitude  supporting  and  establlBhing  the  rghta  of 
human  nature. 

"You  cannot  but  remember  how  reluctantly  we  W'?re  dragged 
Into  this  arduous  contest;  and  how  repeatedly,  with  the  earn- 
estness of , humble  Intreaty,  we  supplicated  a  redress  of  our 
grievances  from  him  who  ought  to  have  been  the  father  of  his 
people.  In  vain  did  we  Implore  his  protection:  In  vain  appeal 
to  Just'ce,  tbe  generosity,  of  Englishmen — of  men  who  had 
been  the  guardians,  the  assertors  and  vindicators  of  liberty 
thro'  a  succession  of  ages;  men,  who,  with  their  swords,  had 
established  the  Arm  barrier  of  freedom,  and  cemented  It  with 
the  blood  of  heroes.  Every  effort  was  vain.  For,  evsn  whilst 
we  were  prostrated  at  the  foot  of  the  throne,  that  fatal  blow 
was  Btruck,  which  hath  separated  us  tor  ever.  Thus  spurned, 
contemned,  and  insulted — thus  driven  by  our  enem'es  into 
measures  which  our  souls  abhorred — we  made  a  solemn  appeal 


682  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

to  the  tribunal  of  unerring  wisdom  and  Justice — to  that  Al- 
mighty ruler  of  pFlnces  whose  kingdom  is  over  all. 


^t^ 


'We  were  then  quite  defenceless.  Without  arms,  without 
ammunition,  without  clothing,  without  ships,  without  money, 
without  officers  skilled  in  war;  with  no  other  reliance  but  the 
bravery  of  our  people  and  the  Justice  of  our  cause.  We  had 
to  contend  with  a  nation  great  in  arts  and  in  arms,  whose 
fleets  covered  the  ocean,  whose  banners  had  waved  in  triumph 
thro'  every  quarter  of  the  globe.  However  unequal  this  con- 
test, our  weakness  was  still  farther  increased  by  the  enemies 
which  America  had  nourished  ^n  her  bosom.  Thus  exposed,  on 
the  one  hand,  to  external  force  and  internal  divisions;  on  the 
other,  to  be  compelled  to  drink  of  the  bitter  cup  of  slavery, 
and  to  go  sorrowing  all  our  lives  long;  in  this  sad  alternative, 
we  chose  the  former.  To  this  alternative  we  were  reduced  by 
men,  who,  had  they  been  animated  by  one  spark  of  generosity, 
would  have  disdained  to  take  such  mean  advantage  of  our 
situation;  or,  had  they  paid  the  least  regard  to  the  rules  of 
Justice,  would  have  considered  with  abhorrence  a  proposition 
to  injure  those  who  had  faithfully  fouglit  their  battles,  and 
industriously  contributed  to  rear  the  edifice  of  their  glory. 


««i 


'But,  however  great  the  injustice  of  our  foes  in  commencing 
this  war,  it  is  by  no  means  equal  to  the  cruelty  with  which 
they  have  conducted  it  The  course  of  their  armies  is  marked 
by  rapine  and  devastation.  Thousands,  without  distinction  of 
age  or  sex,  have  been  driven  from  their  peaceful  abodes,  to 
encounter  the  rigors  of  inclement  seasons;  and  the  face  of 
Heaven  hath  been  insulted  by  the  wanton  conflagration  of 
defenceless  towns.  Their  victories  have  been  followed  by  the 
cool  murder  of  men  no  longer  able  to  resist;  and  those  who 
escaped  from  the  flrst  act  of  carnage  have  been  exposed,  by 
cold,  hunger,  and  nakedness,  to  wear  out  a  miserable  existence 
in  the  tedious  hours  of  confinement,  or  to  become  the  destroy- 
ers of  their  countrymen,  of  their  friends,  perhaps,  dreadful 
idea!  of  their  parents  or  children.  Nor  was  this  the  outrage- 
ous barbarity  of  an  individual,  but  a  system  of  deliberate 
malice,  stamped  with  the  concurrence  of  the  British  legislature, 
and  sanctioned  with  all  the  formalities  of  law.  Nay,  de- 
termined to  dissolve  the  closest  bonds  of  society,  they  have 
stimulate:!  servants  to  slay  their  masters  in  the  peaceful  hour 
of  domestic  security.  And,  as  if  all  this  were  insufficient  to 
slake  their  thirst  of  blood,  the  blood  of  brothers,  of  unoffending 
brothers,  they  have  txc'ted  the  Indians  against  us;  and  a 
general,  who  calls  himself  a  christian,  a  follower  of  the  merci- 


AMBHICAN  REVOLUTION.  583 

fnl  JeflUfl.  bath  dared  to  proclaim  to  all  the  world  bis  intentloa 
of  letting  loose  against  us  whole  boats  of  aavagefl,  whose  mle 
of  warfare  U  promiscuous  carnage,  who  rejoice  to  murder  the 
Infant  smiling  la  Ita  mother's  arms,  to  Inflict  on  their  prisoners 
the  most  excruciating  torments,  and  exhibit  scenes  ot  horror 
from  which  nature  recoils. 

"Wore  It  possible,  they  would  <haTe  added  to  this  terrible 
system,  tor  they  have  ottered  the  Inhabitants  of  these  states  to 
be  exported  by  their  merchants  to  the  sickly,  baneful  climes  ot 
India,  there  to  perish.  An  offer  nut  accepted  of,  merely  from 
the  Impracticability  of  carrying  It  Into  execution. 

"Notwithstanding  theee  great  provocations,  we  have  treated 
■neb  of  them  as  fell  Into  our  bands  with  tenderness,  and  studi- 
ously endeavoured  to  alleviate  the  afflictions  ot  their  captivity. 
This  conduct  we  have  pursued  so  far,  as  to  be  by  them 
stigmatized  with  cowardice,  and  by  our  friends  with  folly. 
But  our  dependence  was  not  upon  man.  It  was  upon  Him  who 
hath  commanded  us  to  love  our  enenUes,  and  to  render  good 
for  evil.  And  wbat  can  be  more  wonderful  than  the  manner 
of  our  deliverances?  How  often  have  we  been  reduced  to  dls- 
iresH,  and  yet  been  raised  up?  When  the  means  to  prosecute 
the  war  have  been  wanting  to  us,  have  not  our  toes  themselves 
been  rendered  Instrumental  In  providing  themT  This  hatb 
been  done  in  such  a  variety  ot  instances,  so  pecnllarly  marked 
almost  by  the  direct  Interposition  of  Providence,  that  not  to 
feel  and  acknowledge  bis  protection,  would  be  the  height  ot 
Impious  Ingratitude. 

"At  length  that  Ood  of  battles,  in  whom  was  our  trust,  hath 
conducted  us  through  the  paths  ot  danger  and  distress  to  the 
thresholds  of  security.    It  hath  now  become  morally  certain, 

that,  if  we  have  courage  to  persevere,  wb  shall  eBtabllsh  our 
libeitles  and  Independence. — The  haughty  prince,  who  spurned 
us  from  hia  feet  with  contumely  and  disdain. — and  the  parllK- 
ment  which  proscribed  us,  now  descend  to  offer  terms  of  ac- 
commodation. Whilst  !n  the  full  career  of  victory,  they  pulled 
off  the  mask,  and  avowed  their  intended  despotlam:  Bnt, 
■having  lavished  in  vain  the  blood  and  treasure  of  tbelr  subjects 
In  pursuit  ot  this  execrable  purpose,  they  now  endeavour  to 
ensnare  ua  with  the  insidious  offers  of  peace.  They  would 
seduce  you  Into  a  dei)endence.  which  necessarily,  Inevitably 
leads  to  the  most  humiliating  slavery.  And  do  they  believe 
that  you  will  accept  th?se  fatal  terms?  Because  you  have 
suffered  the  distress  of  war,  do  tbey  suppose  that  you  will 


884  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

basely,  lick  the  dust  before  the  feet  of  your  destroyers?  Can 
there  be  an  American  so  lost  to  the  feelings  which  adorn 
human  nature?  To  the  generous  pride,  the  elevation,  the  dig- 
nity of  freedom?  Is  theie  a  nlan  who  would  not  abhor  a 
dependence  upon  those  who  have  deluged  his  country  in  the 
blood  of  its  inhabitants?  We  cannot  suppose  this;  neither  is 
it  possible  that  they  themselves  can  expect  to  make  many  co|i- 
verts.  What  then  is  their  intention?  Is  it  not  to  lull  you  with 
the  fallacious  hopes  of  peace,  until  they  can  assemble  new 
alrmiefl  to  prosecute  their  nefarious  designs?  If  this  is  not  the 
case,  why  do  they  strain  every  nerve  to  levy  men  throughout 
their  islands?  Why  do  they  meanly  court  each  little  tyrant 
of  Europe  to  sell  them  his  unhappy  slaves?  Why  do  they  con- 
tinue to  embitter  the  minds  of  the  Savages  against  you? 
Surely  this  is  not  the  way  to  conciliate  the  affections  of 
America.  Be  not,  therefore,  deceived.  You  have  still  to  ex- 
pect one  severe  cogyQict.  Your  foreig^n  alliances,  though  they 
secure  your  independence,  cannot  secure  your  country  from 
desolation,  your  habitations  from  plunder,  your  wives  from 
insult  or  violation,  nor  ycur  children  from  butchery.  Foiled 
in  their  principal  design,  you  must  expect  to  feel  the  rage  of 
disappointed  ambition.  Arise  then!  To  your  tents!  And 
gird  you  for  the  battle!  It  is  time  to  turn  the  headlong  cur- 
rent of  vengeance  upon  the  head  of  the  destroyer.  They  have 
filled  up  the  measure  of  their  abominations,  and  like  ripe  fruit 
must  soon  drop  from  the  tree.  Altho'  much  is  done,  yet  much 
remains  to  do.  Expect  not  peace,  whilst  any  corner  of  America 
is  in  possession  of  your  foes.  You  must  drive  them  away  from 
this  land  of  promise,  a  land  flowing  indeed  with  milk  and 
honey.  Your  brethren  at  the  extremities  of  the  continent  al- 
ready implore  your  friendship  and  protection.  It  is  your  duty 
to  grant  their  request.  They  hunger  and  thrist  after  liberty. 
Be  it  yours  to  dispense  to  them  the  heavenly  gift.  And  what  is 
there  now  to  prevent  it? 

"After  the  unremitted  efTcwts  of  our  enemies,  we  are  stronger 
than  before.  Nor  can  the  wicked  emissaries,  who  so  assidu- 
ously labor  to  promote  their  cause,  point  out  any  one  reason 
to  Duppose  that  we  s»hall  not  receive  daily  accessions  of 
strength.  They  tell  you,  it  is  true,  that  your  money  is  of  no 
value;  and  your  debts  so  enormous  they  can  never  be  paid. 
But  we  tell  you,  that  if  Britain  prosecutes  the  war  another 
campaign,  that  single  camprign  will  cost  her  more  than  we 
have  hitherto  expended.  And  yet  these  men  would  prevail 
upon  you  to  take  up  that  immense  load,  and  for  it  to  sacrifice 
your  dearest  rights.    For,  surely  there  is  no  man  so  absurd 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  685 

u  to  suppose,  tbat  the  laaat  shadow  of  liberty  can  be  preee'ved 
In  a  depend  eat  connexion  with  Oraat-Brltain.  EYom  the 
nature  of  the  thing  Jt  1b  evident,  tliat  the  only  Be:urlty  you 
could  obtain,  would  be  the  Justice  and  moderation  of  a  parlla- 
ment  who  hare  sold  the  rights  of  their  own  conatltuente.  And 
this  slender  security  Is  still  farther  weakened,  by  the  cod- 
Blderation  that  It  was  pledged  to  rebels,  (as  they  unjustly  call 
the  good  people  of  these  alatea)  with  whom  they  think  they  are 
not  bound  to  keep  taltb  by  any  law  wuatsoever.  Thus  would 
you  be  cast  bound  among  men.  wboee  minds  (by  you:  Tlrtuous 
reslstence)  have  been  sharpened  to  the  keenest  edge  of  reTcnge. 
Thus  would  your  chlldrEn,  and  your  chllirens  children,  be.  by 
you,  forced  to  a  participation  In  all  their  debts,  their  wars, 
their  luxuries  and  their  crimes.  And  this  mad.  this  impious 
system  they  would  lead  you  to  adopt,  l>ecause  of  the  derange- 
ment of  your  finances. 

"It  b«ooiaes  you  deeply  to  reflect  on  this  subject.  Is  there  a 
country  on  earth,  which  hath  such  resources  tor  the  payment 
of  our  debts  as  America?  Such  an  extensive  territory?  So 
fertile,  so  blessed  In  Its  climate  and  productianaT  Surely  there 
Is  none.  Neither  le  there  any  to  wlilcb  the  wise  Buropeaas  will 
sooner  confide  their  property.  What  then  are  the  reasons  that 
your  money  hath  depreciated?  Because  no  taxes  have  been 
imposed  to  carry  on  the  war.  Because  your  commerce  hath 
been  Interrupted  by  your  enemy's  fleets.  Because  their  armies 
have  ravaged  and  desolated  a  part  of  your  country.  Because 
their  agents  have  villainously  counterfeited  your  bills.  Be- 
causa  extortioners  among  you.  inflamej  with  the  lust  of  gain, 
have  added  to  the  price  of  every  article  of  lite.  And  because 
weak  men  have  been  artfully  led  to  believe  that  It  Is  at  no 
value.  How  is  this  dangerous  disease  to  be  remedied?  Let 
those  among  you.  who  have  leisure  and  opportunity,  collect 
the  monies  which  Individuals  in  their  neighborhood  are  de- 
sirous of  placing  Id  the  public  funds.  Let  the  several  legis- 
latures sink  their  respective  emissions,  tbat  eo,  there  being 
but  one  hind  of  bills,  there  may  be  leas  danger  df  counterfeits. 
Refrain  a  llttis  while  from  purchasing  those  things  which  are 
not  absolutely  necessary,  that  so  those  who  have  engrossed 
commodities  may  suiter  (as  they  deservedly  will)  the  loss  of 
their  Ill-gotten  hoards,  by  reason  of  the  commerce  with  foreign 
natlODS,  which  their  fleets  will  protect.  Above  all.  bring  tor- 
ward  your  armies  Into  the  field.  Trust  not  to  appearances  of 
peace  or  safety.  Be  assured  that,  unless  you  persevere,  you 
will  be  exposed  to  every  specifs  of  barbarity.    But  If  you  exert 


586  OBSERVATIONS  ON  TUJiJ 

the  means  of  defence  which  Qod  and  nature  have  given  you, 
the  time  will  soon  arrive  when  every  man  shall  sit  under  his 
own  vine  and  under  his  own  fig-tree,  and  there  shall  be  none  to 
make  him  afraid. 

"The  sweets  of  a  free  commerce  with  every  part  of  the 
earth  will  soon  reimburse  you  for  all  the  losses  you  have  sus- 
tained. The  full  tide  of  wealth  will  flow  in  upon  your  ehopeo, 
free  from  the  arbitrary  impositions  of  those  whose  interest  and 
whose  declared  policy  it  was  to  check  your  growth.  Your  in- 
terests will  be  fostered  and  nourished  by  governments  that  de- 
rive their  power  from  your  grant,  and  will  therefore  be  obliged, 
by  the  influence  of  cogent  necessity,  to  exert  it  in  your  favor. 


**^ 


'It  is  to  obtain  these  things  that  we  call  for  your  strenuous, 
unremitted  exertions.  Yet  do  not  believe  that  you  have  been 
or  can  be  saved  merely  by  your  own  strength.  No!  It  is  by 
the  assistance  of  Heaven,  and  this  you  must  aasiduoufily culti- 
vate by  acts  which  Heaven  approves.  Thus  shall  the  power 
and  the  happiness  of  these  sovereig^n,  free  and  independent 
States,  founded  on  the  virtue  of  their  citizens,  increase,  ex- 
tend and  endure,  until  the  Almighty  shall  blot  out  all  the 
empires  of  the  earth." 

On  the  6th  of  June  the  Congress  received  a  letter  of  the  27th 
of  May  from  lord  Howe,  and  one  of  the  3d  of  June  from  general 
Clinton,  accompanied  with  three  acts  of  parliament:  they  were 
as  follows, 

Philadelphia,  May  27,  1778. 
SIR, 

'*  HAVING,  by  a  packet  just  arrived  from  Great-Britain,  re- 
ceived the  King's  commands  to  transmit  to  the  Congress,  and 
the  commander  in  Chief  of  their  troops,  the  copies  of  two  acts, 
passed  this  session  of  Parliament,  for  quieting  the  disorders 
now  subsisting  in  thes3  colonies,  and  preparing  the  way  for  the 
return  of  peaee,  I  embrace  the  earliest  opportunity  to  forward 
the  inclosed  copies  of  those  acts,  and  of  one  other  act  relating 
to  the  government  of  the  province  of  Massachusetts-Bay,  for 
the  information  of  the  Congress  the  eon;  most  sincerely  hoping 
this  communication  will  be  productive  of  the  desired  good 
effects.     I  am,  with  due  consideration.  Sir, 

Your  most  ob'^dient  servant, 
Henry  Laurens,  Esq;  HOWE." 

President  of  the  Congress. 


AMERICAN   REVOLUTION.  687 

Haad'Quarters.  PblUdelpbia,  Juoe  3, 1778. 
SIR, 
"I  AM  directed  to  transmit  to  Congress,  and  the  Commander 
In  Chief  of  their  troops,  printed  copies  of  three  coaclliatorr 
&cts  of  Parliament:  I.«t  me  add  my  most  sincere  wishes,  that 
they  may  produce  the  desirable  effect  which  Is  hoped  from 
them.    1  have  the  honor  to  be,  31r, 

Tour  most  obedient  and 

Most  humble  aervant, 
Henry  Laurens,  Eaq;  H.  CLINTON." 

President  of  the  Con  Kress. 

"  An  Act  for  repealing  an  act,  passed  In  the  fourteenth  year 
of  hia  present  Majesty's  reign,  intituled.  An  Act  tor  the  bet- 
ter regulating  the  government  of  the  province  of  the  Mas- 
sac buaetta-Bay,  In  New-England. 

"  WHBIRBAS  the  province  of  the  Massacbuaetts-Bay  had  (or 
many  yeare  been  governed  under  a  charter,  granted  by  their 
late  HajTStlea  King  William  and  Queen  Mary:    And  whereas 

an  act,  passed  In  the  fourteenth  year  of  his  present  Majesty's 
reign.  Intituled,  An  Act  for  the  better  regulating  the  govern- 
ment of  the  province  of  the  Massachusstts-Bay,  In  New- 
England,  has  been  found  to  create  great  uneasinesses  In  the 
minds  of  the  Inhabitants  of  the  aald  province,  and  has  occas- 
ioned Jealousies  and  apprehenalons  of  danger  to  their  liberties 
and  rights  In  several  other  of  the  colonies  and  ptantatlona  In 
North- America:  For  qulet.ng  aod  extlngulahlng  Bu?h  uneasl- 
neasea  and  appreh  ens  Ions,  be  It  enacted  by  the  King's  most  ex- 
cellent Majeaty,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Lord's  spiritual  and  temporal,  and  Commons,  In  Ibis  present 
Parliament  assemblei,  and  by  the  authority  of  the  same.  That, 
from  and  after  the  passing  ol  thla  act,  the  said  act,  of  the 
fourteenth  year  of  the  telgn  of  his  present  Majesty,  be.  and  the 
same  Is  hereby  repealed." 

"  An  Act  for  removing  all  doubts  and  apprehensions  concerning 
taxation  by  the  Parliament  of  Great-Britain  In  any  of  the 
colonies,  provinces,  and  plantatlona  In  North-Am  erica,  and 
the  West-ln:lles;  and  for  repealing  ao  much  of  an  Act,  made 
in  the  seventh  year  of  the  reign  of  his  present  Majesty,  as 
Imposes  a  duty  on  tea  Imported  from  Great-Britain  into  any 
colony  or  plantation  in  America,  or  relates  thereto. 

"WHEREAS  taxation  by  the  Parliament  of  Great-Britain. 
for  the  purpose  of  ralelnr  a  revenue  in  his  Majes'y's  colonics. 


Gen  ral  Assembly,  of  each  respective  colony,  provinc 
tation:    And  whereas,   in   order   as  well   to   remov< 
uneasinesses,  and  to  quiet  the  minds  of  his  Majesty 
who  may  be  disposed  to  return  to  their  allegiance,  as 
the   peace   and   welfare  of  all    his   Majesty's   domin 
expedient  to  declare  that  the  King  and  Parliament 
Britain  will  not  impose  any  duty,  tax,  or  assessme 
purpose  of  raising  a  revenue  in  any  of  the  colonies, 
or  plantations:    May  it  please  your  Majesty  that 
declared  and  enacted;  and  it  Is  hereby  declared  and 
the  King's  most  excellent  Majesty,  by  and  with  the 
consent  of  the  Lords  spiritual  and  temporal,  and  Cc 
this  present  Parliament  assembled,  and  by  the  authi 
same.  That,  from  and  after  the  passing  of  this  act 
and  Parliament  of  Qreat-Brltain  will  not  impose  Kny 
or  assessment  whatever,  payable  in  any  of  his  Maj 
nies,  provinces,   and  plantations,   in   North-Amerl 
fWest-Indies;  except  only  such  duties  as  it  may  be  e 
impose  for  the  regulation  of  commerce;  the  net 
such  duties  to  be  always  paid  and  applied  to  and 
of  the  colony,  province,  or  plantation,  in  which  the 
be  respectively  levied,  in  such  manner  as  other  duti 
by  the  authority  of  the  respective  General  Courts, 
Assemblies,  of  such   colonies,  provinces,   or   plant 
ordinarily  paid  and  applied. 


f< 


And  be  It  further  enacted  by  the  authority  afor 
from  and  after  the  passing  of  this  act,  so  much  of  a 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  5S9 

"An  Act  to  enable  his  Majeaty  Co  appoint  CommlBSlone:*  with 
sufficient  powers  to  treat,  conault,  and  agree  upon  the  means 
of  (uietlDK  the  dlaorders  now  subsisting  Id  certain  of  tbe 
colcmlea,  plantations,  and  proTlncea  of  North-Amerlcai. 
"  FOR  the  quieting  and  extlngnlshlng  of  divers  Jealoustea 
and  misapprehensions  ol  danger  to  their  liberties  and  legal 
rights,  which  have  misled  many  oC  his  Majeaty's  subjects  in  the 
colonies,  prarlncea,  and  plantations  of  New -Hampshire,  Mas- 
■aohnsetts-Bay,  Rhode-Island,  Connecticut,  New-York,  New- 
Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  the  Three  Lower  Counties  on  Delaware, 
Mary  land,  Virginia.  North-Carolina,  South -Carolina,  and 
Georgia:  and  for  a  full  manifestation  of  the  Juat  and  gracious 
purposes  of  hla  Majesty,  and  his  Parliament,  to  maintain  and 
■acare  all  hli  subjects  In  a  clear  and  perfect  enjoyment  of  anch 
liberties  and  rights;  be  it  enacted  by  the  King's  moat  excellent 
Majesty,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Lords 
spiritual  and  temporal,  and  Commons,  In  this  present  Parlia- 
ment asaembled,  and  by  tbe  authority  ot  the  same,  that  It  shall 
and  may  be  lawful  for  hla  Majesty,  from  time  to  time,  by  let- 
ters patent  under  tbe  great  seal  of  Oreat-^rltaln,  to  authorise 
and  Impower  five  able  and  sufficient  persons,  or  any  three  of 
them,  to  treat,  consult,  and  agree  with  such  body  or  bodies 
political  and  corporate,  or  with  such  assembly  or  assemblies  of 
men,  or  with  any  perpon  or  persons  whatsoever,  of  and  con- 
cemlug  any  grievances,  oi  complaints  of  grievances,  existing, 
or  supposed  to  exist,  '.a  the  government  of  any  of  tbe  said 
colonies,  provinces,  OT  plantations  respectively,  or  in  the  laws 
and  statutes  of  this  realm  respecting  the  same:  and  of  or  con- 
cerning any  aid  or  ccntrlbutlon  to  be  furnished  by  aU  or  any 
ot  the  said  colonies,  provinces,  or  plantations  respectively,  for 
the  common  defence  of  this  realm,  and  the  dominions  thero- 
unto  belonging:  and  ot  and  concerning  any  other  regulations, 
provisions,  matters,  and  things,  necessary  or  convenient  tor 
the  honor  ot  his  Majesty,  and  his  Parllam'rnt,  and  for  the 
common  good  of  all  his  subjects. 

"ft'orlded  also,  and  be  It  further  enacted  and  declared.  That, 
no  regulation,  provision,  matter,  or  thing,  so  proposed,  treated, 
consulted,  or  agreed,  shall  have  any  other  force  or  effect,  or  be 
carried  further  into  execution,  than  is  herein  after  mentioned 
and  provided,  until  the  same  shall  have  been  confirmed  by 
Parliament. 

"Provided  also,  and  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  authority 
aforesaid.  That  In  order  to  lacllltate  the  good  purposes  of  this 
act,  his  Majesty  may  lawfully  enable  the  said  commissioners. 


590  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

or  any  three  of  them,  from  time  to  time,  to  order  and  proclaim 
a  cessation  of  hostilities,  on  the  part  of  his  Majesty's  forces, 
by  sea  or  land,  for  any  time,  and  under  any  conditions  or  re- 
strictions; and  such  order  and  proclamation  to  revoke  and 
annul  In  the  same  manner  and  form. 

"And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful 
for  his  Majesty,  by  such  letters  patent  as  aforesaid,  to  authorise 
and  impower  the  said  Commissioners,  or  any  three  of  them, 
by  proclamation  under  their  respective  hands  and  seals,  from 
time  to  time,  to  suspend  the  operation  and  effect  of  a  certain 
act  of  Parliament,  made  and  passed  in  the  sixteenth  year  of 
the  relfn  of  his  present  Majesty,  for  prohibiting  all  trade  and 
Intercourse  with  certain  colonies  and  plantations  therein 
named,  and  for  the  other  purposes  therein  also  mentioned,  or 
any  of  the  provisions  or  restrictions  therein  contained;  specify- 
tnir  in  such  proclamation  at  what  times  and  places  respect- 
ively, and  with  what  exceptions  and  restrictions,  and  under 
what  passes  and  clearances,  in  lieu  of  those  heretofore  directed 
by  any  act  or  acts  of  Parliament  for  regulating  the  trade  of 
the  colonies  or  plantations,  the  said  suspension  shall  take 
efft^ct;  and  the  said  suspension  and  proclamation,  in  the  same 
manner  and  form,  to  annul  and  revoke. 

"And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid.  That 
it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  his  Majesty,  by  such  letters 
patent  as  aforesaid,  to  authorize  and  impower  the  said  Com- 
m'ssioners,  or  any  three  of  them,  to  suspend  in  any  places,  and 
for  any  times  during  the  continuance  of  this  act,  the  operation 
and  effect  of  any  act  or  acts  of  Parliament  which  have  passed 
since  the  tenth  day  of  February,  One  thousand  seven  hundred 
and  sixty-three,  and  which  relate  to  any  of  his  Majesty's  said 
colonies,  provinces,  oi  plantations,  in  North-America,  so  far 
as  the  same  does  relate  to  them;  or  the  operation  and  effect  of 
any  clause,  or  any  provision  or  matter  therein  contained,  so 
far  as  such  clauses,  provisions  or  matters  relate  to  any  of  the 
said  colonies,  provinces,  or  plantations. 

"And  it  is  hereby  enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid.  That 
it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  'or  his  Majesty,  by  such  letters 
patent  as  aforesaid,  to  authorise  and  impower  the  said  Com- 
missioners, or  any  three  of  them,  and  they  are  hereby  au- 
thorised and  impowere:!,  to  grant  a  pardon  or  pardons  to  any 
number  or  description  of  persons  within  the  said  colonies,  pro- 
vinces, or  plantations. 

"And,  that  no  let  or  hindrance  may  happen  from  the  vacancy 
of  the  office  of  governor  and  commander  in  chief  in  any  of  the 


AUERICAN  REVOLUTION.  691 

aald  colonies,  provinces  or  plaotatloos  respectively,  or  [rom  the 
&baence  of  such  ofBcer  Irom  h'e  severnmeDt,  Ba  It  turther  en- 
acted b;  tbe  suthorltr  aforesaid,  Tliat  it  shall  and  may  ha 
lawful  for  Mb  Majesty,  by  such  letters  patent  as  aforesaid,  to 
authorise  and  Itnpower  the  said  Commissioners,  or  any  three 
of  them.  In  any  of  the  said  colonies,  provinces  or  plantations 
respectively,  wherein  his  Majesty  hath  usually  heretofore 
nominated  and  appointed  a  governor,  to  nominate  and  appoint, 
from  time  to  time,  by  any  Instrument  under  their  bands  and  seal 
seals.aproperpersoDtobe  tbe  governor  and  commander  In  chief 
In  and  Cor  any  such  colony,  province,  or  plantati'n;  to  have, 
hold,  and  exercise  the  said  office  of  governor  and  commander 
In  chief  in  and  Cor  such  colony  or  plantation  respectively,  wltb 
all  such  powers  and  nutharitles  as  any  governor  of  such  pro- 
vince heretofore  appointed  by  hie  Majesty  might  or  could  have 
exercised,  in  as  full  and  ample  manner  and  form  as  If  such 
governor  and  commandei  in  chief  had  been  nominated  and  ap- 
pointed by  his  Majesty's  letters  patent  or  commlsalon;  and  for 
that  purpose.  If  need  be,  to  revoke,  annul,  and  make  void,  any 
commlsalon  or  letters  patent  heretofore  granted  for  appointing 
any  such  governor  and  commander  In  chief. 

"And  be  It  further  enacted.  That  this  act  shall  continue  to 
be  In  force  unt:i_  the  first  day  of  June,  One  thousand  seven 
hundred  and  seventy-nine." 

To  which  the  following  answers  were  returned: 

York-Town,  June  6,  177S. 
MT  LORD, 
"  I  HAVE  had  the  honor  of  laying  your  Lordship's  letter  of 
tbe  2Tth  of  May,  with  the  acts  of  the  British  Parliament  In- 
cIOHed.  before  Congress;  and  I  am  Instructed  to  acquaint  your 
Lordship,  that  they  have  already  expressed  their  sentiments 
upon  bills,  not  eBsentially  different  from  those  acts.  In  a  publi- 
cation of  the  2Zd  of  April  laat. 

"Tour  Lordahip  may  be  assured,  that  when  the  King  of 
Oreat-BrltBin  shall  be  seriously  disposed  to  put  an  end  to  the 
unprovoked  and  cruel  war  waged  against  these  United  States, 
Congress  will  readily  attend  to  such  terms  of  peace  as  may 
consist  with  the  honor  of  Independent  natloikS,  (he  interest  of 
their  constituents,  and  tbe  sacred  regard  they  mean  to  pay  to 
treaties.    I  am.  my  Lord,  with  1.II  due  consideration. 

Your  Lordship's  most  obedient  servant, 
Lord  Howe.  HBNRT  LADRENa. 

President  of  Congress." 


bills,  not  essentially  different  from  those  acts,  in  a 

of  the  22d  of  April  la^. 

"Be  assured.  Sir,  when  the  King  of  Great-Brlta 

seriously  disposed  to  put  an  end  to  the  unprovoket 

war  waged  ag:iinst  these  United  States.  Congress  's 

attend  to  such  terms  of  peace  as  may  consist  with 

of  Independent  nations,  the  interest  of  their  consti 

the  sacred  regard  they  mean  to  pay  to  treaties. 

honor  to  be.  Sir, 

Tour  most  obedient,  an 

Most  humble  se' 

HENRY  LAI 

President  of  C 
■His  Excellency 

Sir  Henry  Clinton,  K.  B.  Philad. 

On  the  13th  of  June  a  letter  of  the  9th  was  rei 
Lord  Carlisle,  William  Eden,  and  George  Johnstoi 
with  copies  of  the  three  acts  above  mentioned,  an< 
mission  from  the  King  of  Great  Britain  to  the  Earle 
Lord  Viscount  Howe,  Sir  William  Howe,  or  in  his 
Henry  Clinton,  William  Eden,  and  George  Johnston 
was  as  follows: 

"  GENTLEMEN, 

"  WITH  an  earnest  desire  to  stop  the  further 
blood  and  the  calamities  of  war,  we  communicate  i 
the  least  possible  delay  after  our  arrival  in  this  cit 


--  •     '  -  •-  — L^^^j 


AMERICAN  RBVOLUTJON.  5M 

that  cordial  reconcllUtlon  and  aOectlon  have,  In  our  own  and 
other  eraptrea,  ancceeded  to  coatentlona  and  temporary  dlvla- 
lona  not  leas  violent  than  those  we  now  experience. 

"We  wlab  not  to  recall  si'bjects  which  are  now  no  lonser  in 
controversy,  and  will  reserve  to  a  proper  time  ot  dtacusalon, 
both  the  hopes  ot  mutual  benefit,  and  the  conalderatlon  ol  erlU, 
that  maj  naturally  contribute  to  determine  your  resolutlona, 
as  well  as  our  own,  on  this  Important  occasion. 

"The  acts  ot  Parliament  wliich  we  transmit  ta  you  havlns 
paaaed  with  singular  unanimity,  will  aufllclently  evince  the 
dlaposltlon  ot  Great-Britain,  and  shew  that  tbe  terms  ot  acres- 
ment  In  contemplation  with  hia  Majeaty  and  with  Parliament 
are  such  as  come  up  to  every  wish  that  North- America,  either 
Id  the  hour  ot  temperate  deliberation  or  ot  the  utmost  appre- 
hension ot  danger  to  t  berty,  has  expressed. 

"More  eflectually  to  demonstrate  our  Kood  Intentions,  we 
think  proper  to  declare,  even  Id  this  our  first  communl cation, 
that  we  are  disposed  to  concur  In  every  satlslactory  and  Just 
arrangement  towards  the  tollowlng  among  other  purpossB: 

"To  consent  to  a  ceaaatlon  ot  hostilities,  both  by  aea  and 


"To  restore  tree  Intercourse,  to  revive  mutual  aOectlon,  and 
renew  the  common  benefits  ot  natural! cation,  through  the 
several  parts  ot  this  empire, 

"To  extend  every  treedom  to  trade  that  our  respective  Inter- 
ests can  require. 

"To  agree  that  no  military  torces  shall  be  kept  up  In  the 
dlOerent  states  of  North- America,  without  tbe  consent  of  the 
general  Congress  or  particular  Assemblies. 

"To  concur  In  measures  calculated  to  discharge  the  debts  ot 
America,  and  to  raise  the'credlt  and  value  ot  the  paper  clrcula- 
t:on. 

"To  perpetuate  our  union  by  a  reciprocal  deputation  ot  an 
agent  or  agenta  from  the  different  States,  who  shall  have  the 
privilege  ot  a  seat  and  voice  In  the  Parliament  ot  Great- 
Britain;  or,  It  sent  trom  Britain,  In  that  case  to  have  a  seat 
and  voice  In  the  Asaemblles  ot  the  different  States  to  which 
they  may  be  deputed  respectively.  In  order  to  attend  the  eeveral 
Interests  ot  those  by  whom  they  are  deputed. 

"In  short,  to  establish  the  power  ot  the  respective  legislatures 
38"7-3d  Ser. 


594  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

in  each  particular  State,  to  settle  Its  revenue,  its  civil  and 
military  establishment,  and  to  exercise  a  perfect  freedom  of 
legislation  and  internal  government,  bo  that  the  British  States 
throughout  North- America,  acting  with  us  in  peace  and  war 
under  one  common  sovereign,  may  have  the  irrevocable  en- 
joyment of  every  privilege,  that  is  short  of  a  total  separation 
of  interests,  or  consistent  with  that  union  of  force,  on  which 
the  safety  of  our  common  religion  and  liberty  depends. 

"In  our  anxiety  for  preserving  those  sacred  and  essential  in- 
terests, we  cannot  help  taking  notice  of  the  insidious  Interposi- 
tion of  a  power,  which  has,  from  the  first  settlement  of  these 
colonies,  been  actuated  with  enmity  to  us  both.  And  notwith- 
standing the  pretended  date  or  present  form  of  the  French 
offers  to  North-America,  yet  it  is  notorious  that  these  were 
made  in  consequence  of  the  plans  of  accommodation  previously 
concerted  in  Great-Britain,  and  with  a  view  to  prevent  our 
reconciliation,  and  to  prolong  this  destructive  war. 

"But  we  trust  that  the  inhabitants  of  North-^America,  con- 
nected with  us  by  the  nearest  ties  of  consanguinity,  speaking 
the  same  language,  interested  in  the  preservation  of  similar 
institutions,  remembering  the  former  happy  intercourse  of 
good  offices,  and  forgetting  recent  animosities,  will  shrink 
from  the  thought  of  becoming  an  accession  of  force  to  our  late 
mutual  enemy,  and  will  prefer  a  firm,  a  free  and  perpetual 
coalition  with  the  parent  state,  to  an  insincere  and  unnatural 
foreign  alliance. 

"This  dispatch  will  be  delivered  to  you  by  Doctor  Ferguson, 
the  Secretary  to  his  Majesty's  Commission.  And  for  further 
explanation  and  discussion  of  every  subject  of  difference,  we 
desire  to  meet  with  you,  either  collectively  or  by  deputation,  at 
New- York,  Philadelphia.  York-Town,  or  such  other  place  as 
you  may  propose.  We  think  it  right,  however  to  apprize  you, 
that  his  Majesty's  instructions,  as  well  as  our  own  desire  to  re- 
move from  the  immediate  seat  of  war,  in  the  active  operations 
of  which  we  cannot  take  any  part,  may  induce  us  speedily  to 
remove  to  New-York:  But  the  Commander  in  Chief  of  his 
Majesty's  land  forces,  who  is  joined  with  us  in  this  commission, 
will,  if  it  should  become  eligible,  either  concur  with  us  in  a 
suspension  of  hostilities,  or  will  furnish  all  necessary  passports 
and  safe  conduct  to  facilitate  our  meeting,  and  we  shall  of 
course  expect  the  same  of  you. 

"If,  after  the  time  that  may  be  necessary  to  consider  this 
communication  and  transmit  your  answer,  the  horrors  and  de- 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  69S 

vuUttloDB  of  w&r  ahould  continue,  we  call  Qod  &nd  the  world 
to  vltnesa,  that  the  avile  which  must  follow,  are  not  to  be  Im- 
puted to  Great-Britain:  And  wo  cannot,  without  the  moat 
real  sorrow,  anticipate  the  prospect  of  calajnitles,  which  we 
feel  the  most  ardent  desire  to  prevent.  We  are,  with  perfect 
respect. 

Gentlemen, 

Your  most  obedient  and  most  humble  eervants, 
OAHUSLE, 
Philadelphia.  WU.  EDEN, 

9th  June,  1778.  GEO.  JOHNSTONE." 

To  his   Excellency   HENRY  LAURENS,   the  President,  and 
other  Members  of  Congreas. 

QBNTLBMEN, 
"  THE  dispatch  'ncloeed  with  this  was  carried  this  morning 
to  the  nearest  posi  of  Qeneral  Washlnston's  ermr  by  Doctor 
Ferguson,  Secretarj'  to  his  Majesty's  Commiaton  for  restoring 
peace,  &c.  but  he  not  finding  a  passport,  has  returned  to  this 
place.  In  order  to  avoid  every  unnecessary  delay,  we  now 
again  send  It  by  the  (K'dlnary  conveyance  of  your  military 
posts.  Aa  soon  as  the  passport  arrives.  Doctor  Ferguson  shall 
wait  upon  you  according  to  our  first  arrangement.  We  are, 
with  perfect  respect.  Gentlemen, 

Your  most  obedient  and  most  humble  servants, 
DARUSLE, 
Phllad.  June  1788.  WM.  EDEN, 

GBO.  JOHNSTONE." 

The  Commias^on  was  as  follows: 

"  GEKIRGE  the  Third,  by  the  grace  of  God,  of  Great-Britain, 
France  and  Ireland,  King,  Defender  of  the  Faith,  ftc 

"To  our  right  trusty  and  right  well-belovea  cousin  ana  eoun- 
sellor  Frederick  Earl  of  Carlisle,  Knight  of  the  most  antlent 
Order  of  the  Thistle;  our  right  trusty  and  well-beloved  con- 
sin  and  counsellor  Richard  Lord  Viscount  Howe,  of  our  king- 
dom of  Ireland;  our  trusty  and  well  beloved  Sir  William 
Howe,  Knight  of  the  most  honorable  Order  of  the  Bath, 
Lieu  tenant- General  of  our  forces.  General  and  Commander 
Jn  Chief  of  all  and  singular  our  forces  employed,  or  to  be 
employed  within  our  colonies  In  North -Am  erica,  lying  upon 
the  Atlantic  ocean,  from  Nova  Scotia  on  the  North  to  West- 
Flo-ida  on  the  South,  both  inclusive;  William  Eden,  Esq; 
one  of  our  Commissioners  for  trade  and  plantations;  and 
George  Jobnatcne,  Esq:  Captain  In  our  royat  navy, 
GREETING: 


696  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THK 

"  WHBRBAS,  in  and  by  our  commission  and  letters  patent, 
under  our  great  seal  of  Great-Britain,  bearing  date  on  or  about 
the  6th  day  of  May,  in  the  IGth  year  of  our  reign,  we  did,  out 
of  our  earnest  desire  to  deliver  all  our  subjects  and  every  part 
of  the  dominions  belonging  to  our  crown  from  the  calamities 
of  war,  and  to  restore  them  to  our  protection  and  peace,  nomi- 
nate and  appoint  our  right  trusty  and  well  beloved  cousin  and 
counsellor  Richard  Lord  Viscount  Howe,  of  our  kingdom  of 
Ireland,  and  our  trusty  and  well  beloved  William  Howe,  Esq; 
now  Sir  William  Howe,  Knight  of  the  Bath,  Major  General  of 
cur  forces,  and  General  of  our  forces  in  North-America  only, 
and  each  of  them.  Jointly  and  severally,  to  be  our  Commis- 
sioner and  Ck)mmissioners  in  that  behalf,  to  so  perform  and 
execute  all  the  powers  and  authorities  in  and  by  the  said  com- 
mission and  letters  patent  entrusted  and  committed  to  them, 
and  each  of  them,  according  to  the  tenor  of  such  letters  patent, 
and  of  such  further  instructions  as  they  should  from  time  to 
time  receive  under  our  signet  or  sign  manual,  to  have,  hold, 
execute  and  enjoy  the  said  office  and  place,  offices  and  places, 
of  our  Commissioner  and  Commissioners,  as  thereinTmentloned, 
with  all  rights,  members  and  appurtenances  thereunto  belong- 
ing, together  with  all  and  singular  the  powers  and  authorities 
thereby  granted  unto  them,  the  said  Lord  Viscount  Howe  and 
General  William  Howe,  and  each  of  them,  for  and  during  our 
will  and  pleasure  and  no  longer,  in  such  manner  and  form,  as 
in  and  by  our  said  recited  commission  and  letters  patent,  rela- 
tion  being  thereunto  had,   may,  among   divers  other   things 
therein  contained,  more  fully  and  at  large  appear.    And  where- 
as, for  the  quieting  and  extinguishing  of  divers  jealousies  and 
apprehensions  of  danger  to  their  liberties  and  rights,  which 
have  alarmed  many  of  our  bubjects  in  the  colonies,  provinces 
and  plantations  of  New-Hampshire,  Massachusetts-Bay,  Rhode- 
Island,    Connecticut,    New- York,    New- Jersey,    Pennsylvania, 
with  the  three  Lower  Counties  on  Delaware,  Maryland,  Vir- 
S^inia,  North-Carolina,  South-Carolina,  and  Georgia,  and  for  a 
fuller  manifestation   of  our  just  and   gracious  purpsses  and 
those  of  our  Parliament,  to  maintain  and  secure  all  our  subjects 
in  the  clear  and  perfect  enjoyment  of  their  liberties  and  rights, 
it  is,  in  and  by  a  certain  act  made  and  passed  in  this  present 
sessions  of  Parliament,  intituled,  "An  Act  to  enable  his  Majesty 
to  appoint  Commissioners,  with  sufficient  powers  to  treat,  con- 
sult and  agree  upon  the  means  of  quieting  the  disorders  now 
subsisting  in  certain  of  the  colonies,  plantations  and  provinces 
of  North-America,"  among  other  things  enacted,  that  it  shall 
and  may  be  lawful  for  his  Majesty,  from  time  to  time,  by  let- 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  597 

ters  patent  under  the  great  seal  of  Oreat-BrlMiii,  to  authorise 
and  empower  five  able  and  sufficient  persons,  or  any  three  or 
them,  to  do  and  perform  auch  acU  and  thlnga,  and  to  use  and 
vxecute  auch  authorltlea  and  powers  aa  In  the  eald  act  are  for 
that  purpose  mentioned,  provided  and  created.  And  whereas 
we  are  earneetlr  dcairons  to  carry  tnto  full  and  perfect  execu- 
tion the  several  just  and  gracious  purposes  abovementloned : 
Now  know  ye.  That  we  have  revoked  and  determined,  and  by 
these  presents  do  revoke  and  determine  our  aald  recited  com- 
mlBBion  and  letters  patent,  and  all  and  every  power,  authority, 
clause,  article  and  thing  therein  contained.  And  further  know 
ye,  That  we.  reposing  especial  trust  and  confidence  in  your 
wisdom,  loyalty,  dlllgenca  and  circumspection  in  the  manage- 
ment of  the  affairs  to  be  hereby  committed  to  your  charg;,  have 
nominated  and  appointed,  constituted  and  assigned,  and  by 
these  presents  we  do  nominate,  appoint,  constitute  and  assign 
you,  tbe  eald  Frederick  E^arl  of  Carlisle.  Richard  Viscount 
Howe.  Sir  William  Howe,  William  Eden,  and  George  John- 
atone,  or  any  three  of  you,  to  be  our  Gommisslonerfl  in  that 
behalf,  to  use  and  exercise  ail  and  every  the  powers  and  au- 
thorltlea hereby  entrusted  and  committed  to  you,  the  eald 
Frederick  Earl  of  Carlisle,  Richard  Viscount  Howe,  Sir  WHllam 
Howe,  William  Eden,  Oeorge  Johnstone,  or  any  three  of  you, 
and  to  ao  perform  and  execute  all  other  matters  and  things 
hereby  enjoined  and  committed  to  your  care,  during  our  will 
and  pleasure,  and  no  longer,  according  to  the  t«nor  of  these  our 
letters  patent,  and  of  such  further  Instructions  aa  you  shall 
from  time  to  time  receive  under  our  signet  or  sign  manual. 
And  It  is  our  roya!  will  and  pleasure,  and  we  do  hereby  au- 
thorise, empower  and  require  you,  the  said  Frederick  Barl  of 
Carliale.  Richard  Vlsconnt  Howe.  Sir  William  Howe,  William 
Bden,  George  Johnstone,  or  any  three  of  yon,  to  treat,  consult 
and  agree  wlib  such  body  or  bodies  politic  and  coporate,  or 
with  such  assembly  or  assemblies  of  men,  or  with  such  person 
or  persons  as  you.  the  said  Frederick  Farl  of  Cariisle,  Richard 
Viscount  Hawt.  Sir  William  Howe,  William  Eden,  Oeo:ge 
Johnstone,  or  any  three  ol  you.  shall  think  meet  and  sufficient 
tor  that  purpose,  ol  and  concerning  any  grievances,  or  com- 
plaints of  grievancea,  existing,  or  supposed  to  exlat.  In  the 
government  of  any  of  tbe  colonies,  provinces  or  plantations 
aboved  mentioned  respectively,  or  In  the  laws  and  statutes  of 
this  realm,  respecting  them  or  any  of  them,  or  of  and  concern- 
ing any  aids  or  contributions  to  be  furnished  by  any  of  th-* 
aald  colonies,  provinces  or  plantations  respectively,  for  the 
commmi  defence  of  this  realm,  and  tbe  dominions  thereunto 


698  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

belonging;  and  of  and  concerning  any  other  regulations,  pro- 
visions, matters  and  things,  necessary  or  convenient  for  the 
honor  of  us  and  our  Parliament,  and  for  the  common  good  <si 
all  our  subjects.  And  it  is  our  further  will  and  pleasure.  That 
every  regulation,  provision,  matter  or  thing,  which  shall  have 
been  agreed  upon  between  you,  the  said  BYederick  Earl  of  Car- 
lisle, Richard  Viscount  Howe,  Sir  William  Howe,  William 
Eden,  George  Johnstone,  or  any  three  of  you,  and  such  persons 
or  bodies  politic  as  aforesaid,  whom  you  or  any  three  of  you 
shall  have  judged  meet  and  sufficient  to  ^nter  into  such  agree- 
ment, ^hall  be  fully  and  distinctly  set  forth  in  writing,  and 
auit^enticated  by  the  hands  and  seals  of  you,  or  any  three  of 
you,  on  one  side,  and  by  such  seals  and  other  signature  on  the 
other,  as  the  occasion  may  require,  and  as  may  be  suitable  to 
the  character  and  authority  of  the  body  politic,  or  other  person 
80  agreeing;  and  euch  Instruments  so  authenticated  shall  be  by 
you,  or  any  three  of  you,  transmitted  to  one  of  our  principal 
Secretaries  of  State,  in  order  to  be  laid  before  our  Parliament, 
for  the  further  and  more  perfect  ratification  thereof;  and  until 
such  ratification,  no  such  regulation,  provision,  matter  or  thing, 
shall  have  any  other  force  or  effect,  or  be  catried  further  into 
execution  than  is  hereafter  mentioned.  And  we  do  hereby 
further  authorise  and  empower  you,  the  said  Frederick  Earl 
of  Carlisle,  Richard  Viscount  Howe,  Sir  William  Howe,  Wil- 
liam Eklen,  and  George  Johnstone,  or  any  three  of  you,  from 
time  to  time,  as  you,  or  any  three  of  you,  shall  Judge  conven- 
ient, to  order  and  proclaim  a  cessation  of  hostilities  on  the 
part  of  our  forces  by  sea  or  land,  for  such  time  and  under  such 
conditions,  restrictions  or  other  qualifications,  as  in  your  dis- 
cretions shall  be  thought  requisite,  and  such  order  and  procla- 
mation to  revoke  and  annul  in  the  same  manner  and  form. 
And  it  is  our  further  will  and  pleasure,  and  we  do  hereby  re- 
quire and  command  all  our  officers  and  ministers,  civil  and 
military,  and  all  other  our  loving  subjects  whatsoever,  to 
observe  and  obey  all  such  proclamations  respectively.  And 
we  do  hereby,  in  further  pursuance  of  the  said  act  of  Parlia- 
ment, and  of  the  provisions  therein  contained,  authorise  and 
empower  you,  the  said  FYederick  Earl  of  Carlisle,  Richard  Vis- 
count Howe,  Sir  William  Howe,  W.  Eden,  and  George  John- 
atone,  or  any  three  of  you,  by  proclamation  under  your  respec- 
tive hands  and  seals,  from  time  to  time,  as  you  shall  see  con- 
venient to  suspend  the  operation  and  effect  of  a  certain  act 
of  Parliament,  made  and  passed  in  the  16th  year  of  our  reign, 
for  prohibiting  all  trade  and  intercourse  with  certain  colonies 
and  plantations  therein  named,  and  for   the  other  purpofies 


AMERICAN   REVOLUTION.  699 

therein  also  mentloDsd,  or  any  of  tbe  provisions  or  rettrlctloiui 
tbereln  contained,  and  tberein  to  apeclty  at  what  time  and 
places  respectively,  and  with  what  ezcepUoni  and  reatrlcUons, 
and  under  what  passes  and  clearances,  la  lieu  of  those  bereto- 
fore  directed  by  any  act  or  acts  of  Parliament  lor  regulating 
the  trade  of  the  colonies  and  plantations,  the  eaid  auspen- 
alon  shall  take  effect,  and  the  said  auapension  and  proclama- 
tion In  the  same  manner  and  form 'to  annul  and  revoke.  And 
wa  do  hereby  further  authorize  and  empower  you,  the  said 
Frederick  Earl  of  Carlisle,  Richard  Vlasount  Howe,  Sir  Wil- 
liam Howe,  WiUlam  Eden,  and  George  Johnatone,  or  any  three 
oF  you,  from  time  to  time,  as  you  shall  Judge  convenient,  to 
suspend  Id  any  places,  and  for  any  time  during  the  continu- 
ance of  the  said  first  recited  act,  the  operation  and  effect  of  any 
act  or  acta  of  Parliament,  which  have  passed  alnce  the  10th 
day  of  February,  1763,  and  which  relate  to  any  of  our  coloniea, 
provinces  or  plantations  above-mentioned  In  North -America, 
so  far  as  the  same  relate  to  them,  or  any  of  them,  or  the  opera- 
tion and  effect  of  any  clause,  or  any  provision  or  other  matter 
in  such  acts  contained,  so  far  as  such  clauses,  provisions  or 
matters  relate  to  any  of  the  said  colonies,  provinces  or  plan- 
tations. And  we  do  hereby  further  authorise  and  empower 
you,  the  said  Frederick  Karl  of  Carlisle,  Richard  Viscount 
Howe,  Sir  William  Howe,  William  Eden,  and  George  John- 
atone,  or  any  three  of  you,  to  grant  a  pardon  or  pardons  to  any 
number  or  description  of  pe.'sona  within  the  said  coloniss, 
provinces  or  plantations.  And  we  do  hereby  farther  authorise 
and  empower  you,  the  said  Frederick  Earl  of  Carlisle.  Richard 
VlS4»unt  Howe,  Sir  William  Howe,  William  Eden,  and  Qeorge 
Jobnatone,  or  any  three  of  you.  In  any  of  our  coloniea, 
provinces  or  plantations  aforesaid  respectively,  wherein  we 
have  usually  heretofore  nomluated  and  appointed  a  Oovemor, 
to  nominate  and  appoint,  from  time  to  time,  by  any  Instrument 
nnder  your  hands  and  seals,  or  the  hands  and  seats  of  any 
three  of  you,  a  proper  person,  to  be  the  Governor  and  Com- 
mander In  Chief  In  and  for  such  colony,  province  or  plantation 
reapectlvely,  to  have,  hold  and  exercise  the  aald  office  of  Gover- 
nor and  Commander  In  Chief,  In  and  for  sucb  colony,  province 
or  plantat  on  reapectlvely,  with  all  such  powers  and  authori- 
ties as  any  Governor  of  such  province,  heretofore  appointed  by 
UB.  might  or  could  have  exercised,  in  as  full  and  ample  manner 
and  form  as  If  such  Governor  and  Commander  in  Chief  bad 
been  nominated  and  appolnteil  by  our  letters  patent  or  commla- 
alon;  and  for  that  purprse,  If  need  be,  to  revoke,  annul  and 
make  void  any  commission  or  letters  patent  heretofore  granted. 


in  North-America,  lying  upon  the  Atlantic  ocean, 
Scotia  on  the  north,  to  West-Florida  on  the  sout 
elusive,  to  have,  hold,  exercise  and  enjoy  the  said  o 
our  will  and  pleasure;  and  in  case  you,  the  said  J 
Howe,  should,  by  death  or  any  other  manner,  be  di 
exercising  the  said   command,   it  was  our  will  ar 
therein  expressed,  that  the  same,  with  all  author 
and  priyileges,  contained  in  that  our  said  commis; 
devolve  on  such  officer,  bearing  our  commission,  a 
next  in  rank  to  you,  the  said  S  r  William  Howe.    A 
our  trusty  and  welI-l)eloved  Sir  Henry  Clinton,  Ki 
most  honorable  Order  of  the  Bath,  Lieutenant  Ge; 
forces,  and  General  of  our  forces  in  our  army  in  Ai 
now  actually  bears  our  commission,  and  is  next 
you,  the  said  Sir  William  Howe:    Know  it  is  our 
and  pleasure,  and  we  do  hereby  ordain  and  appoint 
ever  the  said  command  in  the  said  letters  paten 
shall,  in  pursuance  thereof,  devolve  upon  the  sai* 
Clinton,  all  and  every  the  powers  and  authoritief 
trusted  and  committed  to  you,  the  said  Sir  William 
forthwith  cease  and  determine,  and  the  said  po^ 
thorities,  and  every  of  them,  shall  from  thencei 
trusted  and  committed,  and  are  hereby  entrusts 
mitted  to  the  said  Sir  Henry  Clinton,  to  use  and 
same  powers  and  authorities,  and  to  perform  an( 
other  the  matters  and  things  as  aforesaid,  in  as  fu 
extent  and  form,  and  no  other,  as  you,  the  said 
Howe,  are  hereby  authorized  to  use  and  exercise, 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  601 

Uie  mean  time  have  revoked  and  determinod  the  same.  In 
Witness  wbereol,  we  have  caused  these  our  letters  to  be  made 
pateat  mtoees  ourselC,  at  Westminster,  the  ISth  dar  Apall, 
in  the  18th  year  o(  oar  reign. 

By  the  KINO  bimsell. 
A  true  Copy.  YORKE. 

ADAM  FBRQ-USON,  Secretary." 

To  Chla  iBtter  the  following  answer  was  unanimously  given 
upon  the  ITth  of  June: 

"To  their  Excellencies  the  R'sht  Honorable  the  Earl  of  CAR-' 
LIS1>E,  WILLIAM  BDEN.  Esq;  QEOROB  JOHNSTONB, 
Esq;  CommlBaloners  from  h'a  Britannic  Majesty.  Philadel- 
phia. 

"I  have  received  the  letter  from  your  Excellencies  of  the  9tb 
instant,  with  the  enclosures,  and  laid  tbem  before  Congress. 
Nothing  but  an  earnest  desire  to  spare  the  farther  etfUBion  of 
human  blood  could  have  induced  them  to  read  a  paper,  con- 
taining expreBsioae  so  disreBpectful  to  his  Host  Christian 
Uajesty,  the  good  and  great  ally  of  these  States;  or  to  consider 
propositions  so  derogatory  to  the  honor  of  an  independent  na- 
Uon. 

"The  acts  of  the  British  Parliament,  the  commtsslon  from 
your  sovereign,  and  your  letter,  suppose  the  people  of  these 
States  to  be  subjects  of  the  crown  ot  Oreat-Britaln.  and  are 
founded  on   the  idea  of  dependence,  which   Is  utterly   inad- 

mfsslble. 

"I  am  further  directed  to  inform  your  Excellencies,  that 
Congress  are  inclined  to  peace,  notwithstanding  the  unjust 
claims  from  which  this  wur  originated,  and  the  savage  manner 
in  which  It  hath  bi'en  conducted.  Tbey  w  II  therefore  be  ready 
to  enter  upon  the  conpl deration  ot  a  treaty  of  peace  and  com- 
merce, not  Inconsistent  with  treaties  already  subslstlrg,  when 
the  King  of  Great-Britain  shall  demonstrate  a  sincere  disposi- 
tion for  that  purpose.  The  only  solid  proof  of  this  d  sposition 
will  be,  an  explicit  acknowledgment  of  the  independence  of 
these  States,  or  the  withdrawing  his  fleets  and  armies. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be 

Your  Excellenclea  moat  obedient  and  humble  servant, 
Signej,  by  order  of  the  unanimous  voice  of  Congress. 

HENRY  LAUREINS.  Prealdent. 

York-Town,  June  17,  1778." 


tlons  of  the  House  therefore  on  the  22d  of  April  v 
simply  on  the  firm  determination  under  no  chang 
whatever  to  recede  from  the  declaration  of  inde 
July.  1776,  and  for  this  reason,  as  a  preliminary  tc 
it  was  required  that  Great-Britain  should  either  ; 
our  independence  or  withdraw  her  fleets  and  arn 
upon  no  other  principle  could  America  be  said  to 
degree   of  equality   and   freedom   which    is  esse; 
validity  of  national  compacts.    The  treaty  with  I 
out  of  the  question,  had  these  preliminaries  be 
with,  we  should  have  been  bound  In  honor,  as 
were  by  inclination  and  the  principles  of  human 
upon  a  conference  for  the  purpose  of  sheathing 
civil  war.    But  since  by  that  treaty  the  United  Sta 
upon  a  certain  contingency  make  either  peace  or  t 
the  consent  of  her  ally,  it  became  necessary  to 
any  treaties  to  be  made  should  not  be  inconsistent 
already  subsisting. 

As  to  the  conditions  or  terms  offered  by  the  €• 
it  must  be  observed,  that  the  first  is  "to  extend  e 
"to  trade  that  our  respective  interests  can  require, 
tion  which,  from  the  very  nature  of  things,  is  imp 
if  practicable,  is  on  their  part  a  reason  why  rec 
unnecessary;  for  certainly  if  these  interests  ar 
they  may  be  regulated  by  treaty,  nay  they  w« 
themselves.  Individuals  would  consult  their  prii 
and  national  interest  is  nothing  more  than  the 
*y>o,  nortinninr  fldvantaffe  resulting  to  the  subje( 


AMBRICAN  REVOLUTION.  603 

Tbe  next  oiler  le,  that  "no  military  force  should  be  kept 
"up  in  America  without  tbe  consent  of  Congress  or  tbe  par- 
"tlcular  AaBembUea,"  To  which  every  ob]ection  Ilea;  For,  lat. 
BuppoBlng  tbem  to  abide  literally  by  aucb  agreement,  we  lay 
open  to  all  the  arta  ol  aeduction,  which  long  and  auccesefal 
practice  could  teach  tbem  to  make  use  of  against  both  the 
one  and  the  other.  2dly.  On  any  occaaion,  which  either  the 
exiatence  or  apprehension  of  a  foreign  war  might  give  rise  to, 
tbia  consent  would  naturally  flow  from  a  regard  to  immediate 
safety,  and  be  afterwards  used  for  our  certain  destruction. 
But,  3dly.  on  this,  as  well  as  every  other  proposition  they 
either  did  or  could  make,  it  is  to  be  observed  that  in  the  first 
instance  the  parliament  might  dissent  Immediately  and  take 
ah  opportunity  to  cruah  all  oppasllion,  while  we  were  at  once 
disarmed  at  home  and  disgraced  for  our  perfliy  abroad.  And, 
4thly.  Should  the  moment  be  ao  unfavorable,  or  they  so  honeat 
as  not  to  make  Ihe  attempt,  any  future  parliament  would  be 
In  legal  capacity  to  disannul  an  agreement  whose  validity  was 
derived  from  the  former  sanction  of  the  Eame  legislature;  so 
that  during  all  the  possible  events,  which  time  might  give  birth 
to,  we  should  have  been  exposed  to  their  attempts,  whilst 
laboring  under  a  weight  of  debt,  and  sore  from  the  wounds  of 
our  obstinate  contest 

The  third  oiler  is,  "to  roncur  In  measares  calculated  to  dle- 
"cbarge  the  debts  of  Ameiica,  and  to  raise  the  credit  and 
"value  of  the  paper  clrculutlon."  On  which  It  is  to  be  observed, 
that  aa  our  debt  consisted  of  this  paper  circulation,  so  any 
measures  to  discbarge  it,  that  Is  to  sink  a  part,  must  raise  the 
value  of  the  remainder.  Now  for  this  purpose  taxation  was 
alone  necessary,  and  Indeed  the  only  step  which  either  they  or 
w?  could  take  tor  that  purpose:  Their  generous  offer  therefore 
was  nothing  more  than  to  concur  in  taxing  us  to  pay  our  own 
debts.  In  return  for  this,  however,  we  were  to  be  united  w:th 
them,  and  consequently  become  security  for  payment  of  their 
debts,  which  are  enormous.  The  following  short  calculation 
is  worthy  of  attention:  120,000.000  of  dollars,  at  seven  shillings 
and  six-pence  per  dollar,  is  £45,000,000,  and  exchange  being  at 
1000  per  c?nt,  which  is  the  preset  rate,  th'.e  sum  is  worth 
£4,500,000  sterling  only.  But  at  all  events  the  present  debt  of 
America  ought  not  to  be  estimated  at  above  £10,030.01)9  sterling. 

Their  offer  then  stands' thus.  If  you  will  stand  security  for 
and  eventually  pay  your  part  of  £150,000.000  sti^rllng  which  we 
owe,  we  will  consent  to  your  taxing  yourselves  to  pay  £10,- 
000,000  sterllrg,  which  you  owe.  To  comment  on  an  offer  of 
this  kind  would  be  absurd. 


it 


604  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

The  fourth  offer  is,  "to  perixetuate  our  union  by  a  reciprocal 
"deputation  of  an  agent  or  agents  from  the  different  states, 
"who  shall  have  the  privilege  of  a  seat  and  voice  in  the  parlia- 
ment of  Oreat-Britain,  or  if  sent  from  Britain,  in  that  case 
to  have  a  seat  and  voice  in  the  assemblies  of  the  different 
"states,  to  which  they  may  be  deputed  respectively,  in  order  to 
"attend  to  the  several  interests  of  those  by  whom  they  are 
"deputed."  Or,  in  other  words,  to  perpetuate  our  slavery,  by 
taking  from  us,  on  the  one  hand,  the  objection  against  their 
tyrannous  acts,  that  we  were  not  represented  in  the  legislature 
which  passed  them,  though  in  fact  such  representation  would 
be  merely  illusory  and  ineffectual.  And  on  the  other,  by  send- 
ing ministerial  agents,  artful,  plausible  and  wicked,  to  influ- 
ence the  debates  of  our  legislatures,  and  give  a  voice  among 
the  Immediate  representatives  of  the  people  on  matters  even 
of  the  most  internal  nature.  No  greater  insult  was  ever  offered 
to  the  common  sense  of  mankind.  Had  the  proposal,  particu- 
larly the  latter  part  of  it,  been  made  before  the  commencement 
of  the  contest,  it  was  sufficient  in  itself  to  have  roused  us  to 
arms.  If  accepted  and  executed,  in  all  the  states  it  must  have 
been  pernicious,  but  in  those  called  royal  governments,  would 
have  stood  thus:  A  legislature  consisting  of  three  branches, 
1st.  A  governor  appointed  by  the  king  during  pleasure.  2dly. 
A  council  appointed  by  the  king  during  pleasure.  3dly.  An 
assembly  partly  appointed  by  the  king  and  partly  by  the  peo- 
ple, but  all  holding  their  seats  during  the  king's  pleasure — 
The  laws  passed  by  this  legislature  to  be  of  no  validity  without 
the  king's  consent — A  representative  to  be  appointed  by  this 
legislature,  to  sit  in  a  house  of  commons,  consisting  of  more 
than  five  hundred  members,  and  thereby  to  validate  any  law, 
which  they  might  pass  to  bind  the  people  of  that  state.  If  this 
be  compared  with  "the  freedom  they  prefer  to  extend  to  tra(!e/' 
some  faint  idea  may  be  formed  of  the  meditated  system. 

The  last  offer  is.  "to  establish  the  power  of  the  respective 
"legislatures  in  each  particular  state,  to  settle  its  revenue,  its 
"civil  and  military  establishment,  and  to  exercise  a  perfect 
"freedom  of  legislation  and  internal  government,  so  that  the 
"British  states  throughout  North-America,  acting  with  us  in 
"peace  and  war  under  one  common  sovereign,  may  have  the  ir- 
"revocable  enjoyment  of  every  privilege  that  is  short  of  a  total 
"separation  of  interests,  or  consistent  with  that  union  of  force 
"on  which  the  safety  of  our  common  religion  and  liberty  de- 
spends."  The  first  part  of  this  is  ridiculous,  since  all  the  states 
have  taken  some  forms  of  government,  the  legislatures  of 
which  are  obeyei,  and   consequently  their  power  established 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  605 

already;  the  object  therefore,  taking  It  In  comparison  with 
what  goes  before,  la  to  overturn  the  free  leglslaturea  already 
Mtabllsbed,  and  in  their  stead  to  institute  the  base  and  slavish 
mizture  contained  In  the  third  offer.  The  second  part  serves 
to  shew  more  clearly  (:r  possible)  the  tasldloua  nature  of  their 
commission;  tar  from  this  It  appears,  tliat  tbe  object  of  revenue 
is  by  no  means  given  up,  nor  tha  design  of  keeping  a  military 
force  In  America  rellnqulehed.  The  third  part  Is  nugatory,  for 
having  before  marked  out  the  lilnd  ot  legislature  to  be  estab- 
llshed,  even  the  unrestrained  acts  of  It  would  not  p.ove  the 
freedom  of  the  pecple,  but  rather  their  slavery,  and  yet  it  Is 
clear  that  however  free  they  might  be  to  pass  lawa,  tbere  would 
have  been  a  superior  pawer  In  legal  capacity  to  repeal  them. 
From  all  this  however  they  deduce,  as  a  consequence,  that 
should  we  accede  to  their  propositions,  we  should  have  the  ir- 
revocable enjoyment  ot  every  privilege  that  la  short  of  a  total 
separation  of  interests,  or  consistent  with  that  union  of  force, 
Ac.  But  this  conclusion  by  no  means  follows  from  the  pre- 
misesi  on  Che  contrary  it  la  evident,  that  we  should  enjoy  no 
one  privilege,  and  have  the  irrevocable  enjoyment  of  no  one 
thing,  unless  It  be  supposed  that  to  repent  la  to  enjoy. 
For  the  sake  of  this  sophistical  system  however  we  were  to 
covenant,  that  we  would  act  with  them  In  peace  and  In  war. 
The  consequence  of  which  would  have  been,  that  we  must 
have  contracted  new  debts,  to  promote  their  interested  views, 
before  we  had  paid  the  sums  expended  for  our  own  defence, 
and  have  lavished  the  best  blood  ot  America,  to  gratify  the 
pride,  pique,  avarice,  ambition,  or  revenge  at  a  haughty  despot, 
deaf  to  the  prayers  of  suppllcative  millions,  and  dead  to  the 
feelings  of  Justice  or  humanity.  One  fact  however  they  In- 
directly admit,  that  tbeir  safety  depends  upon  an  union  ot 
force  with  us.  The  necessary  consequence  Is,  that,  notwith- 
standing their  pretended  superiority,  they  muat  not  only  make 
peace  with  us.  but  It  must  be  on  our  own  terms,  provided  the 
people  of  America  are  sensible  of  their  true  interests,  and  the 
representatives  of  America  havf  patience,  firmness  and  discern- 
ment to  take  proper  advantage  of  their  own  situation  and  cir- 
cumstances. 

The  concl-se  answer  which  Congress  bad  given  to  the  British 
Commissioners,  placed  them  In  a  very  disagreeable  situation, 
and  therefore  it  became  necessary  for  them  to  make  some 
ellorts  to  get  cut  of  It.  For  this  purpose  they  sent  a  letter, 
dated  at  New-York,  the  11th  of  July,  1778.  which  was  received 
and  read  in  Congress  the  ISth,  In  the  following  words: 


"You  propose  to  us  as  matter  of  choice  one  or  o 
alternatives,  which  you  state  as  nreliminaries  nee 
to  the  beginning  of  a  ne^roclation  for  peace  to  this  ( 

"One  is  an  explicit  acknowledgment  of  the  Ic 
of  these  States.  We  are  not  Inclined  to  dispute  wit 
the  meaning  of  words:  But  so  far  as  you  mean 
privilege  of  the  people  of  North  America  to  dispi 
property,  and  to  govern  themselveB  without  any  ] 
Oreat-Britaln,  beyond  what  Is  necessary  to  preserve 
of  force,  in  which  our  mutual  safety  and  advantage 
think,  that  so  far,  their  Independency  is  fully  ac 
in  the  terms  of  our  letter  of  the  10th  of  June, 
willing  to  enter  upon  a  fair  discussion  with  you,  of 
cumstances  that  may  be  noceasary  to  ensure  or  eyei 
that  Independency. 

"In  the  other  altematlye  you  propose,  that  1 
should  withdraw  his  fleets  and  his  armies. 

"Although  we  have  no  doubt  of  his  Majesty's  di 
remove  every  subject  of  uneasiness  from  the  c 
there  are  circumstances  of  precaution  against  our  i 
mies,  which.  Joined  to  the  regard  that  must  be 
safety  of  many,  who,  from  affection  to  Great-Brita 
posed  themselves  to  suffei  in  this  contest,  and,  to  \ 
Britain  owes  support  at  every  expence  of  blood  a 
that  will  not  allow  us  to  begin  with  this  measure, 
it  may  follow  the  first  advances  to  peace  on  your  p 
pend  on  the  favorable  prospect  you  give  of  a  r( 


AHBRICAN  REVOLUTION.  GOT 

e  now  maJce  In  every  posalble  altuB- 

"Ton  refer  to  treftUeii  already  subsisting,  but  are  pleased  to 
wltb-hold  from  ue  any  particular  Information  In  respect  to 
their  nature  or  tendency. 

"It  tbey  are  In  any  decree  to  affect  our  dellberatlonii,  ve 
think  that  you  cannot  refuse  a  lull  communication  of  the  par- 
ticulars in  whlofa  they  consist,  both  tor  our  consideration  and 
and  that  of  your  own  constituents,  who  are  to  Judge  between 
UB  whether  any  alliance  you  may  have  contracted  be  a  snffl- 
dent  reason  for  continuing  this  unnatural  war.  W«  likewise 
think  ourselves  entltltd  to  a  full  communication  of  the  powers 
by  which  you  conceive  yourselves  authorised  to  make  treaties 
with  foreign  nations. 

"And  we  are  led  to  ask  aatUfactlon  on  this  point,  because  we 
have  observed  In  your  proposed  articles  of  confederation.  No. 
8  and  S,  It  is  Btated  that  yr>u  should  have  the  power  of  entering 
Into  treaties  and  alliances  under  certain  restrictions  therein 
speclBed,  yet  we  do  not  find  promulgated  any  act  or  resolution 
of  the  ASBemhlles  of  particular  States  conferring  this  power 
on  you. 

"As  we  have  communicated  our  powers  to  you,  we  mean  to 
proceed  without  reserve  in  this  business;  we  will  not  suppose 
that  any  objection  can  arloe  on  your  part  to  our  communicating 
to  the  public  BO  much  of  your  correspondence  as  may  be  neces- 
aary  to  explain  our  own  proceedings.  At  the  same  time  we 
assure  you.  that  in  all  arch  publfcatlone,  the  respect  wblch  we 
pay  to  the  great  body  at  people  you  are  supposed  to  represent, 
Bhall  be  evidenced  by  ua  In  every  possible  mark  of  conaldera- 
tlon  and  regard. 
We  are  with  perfect  respect, 
GENTLEMEN, 

Your  most  obedient  and  most  humble  servantB, 
0AHU9LB, 
H.  CLINTON, 
Wis.  BDE!N, 
GEO.    JOHNSTONE." 

Upon  which  the  Congiess  came  to  the  following  resolntlon: 

"WHEREIAS  Congress  in  a  letter  to  the  British  CommlBsloo- 
ers  of  the  17th  of  June  last,  did  declare  that  they  would  be 
ready  to  enter  upon. the  consideration  of  a  treaty  of  peace  and 
commerce,  not  inconsietent  with  treat'es  already  subalstlng. 


••RE5S0LVED,  That  no  answer  be  given  to  the 
11th  instant  from  the  British  Commissioners." 

The  proposal  contained  in  the  letter,  to  enlarj 
ence,  is  at  th-*  first  blush  absurd:— Any  state,  the 
of  which  could  be  lessened,  is  of  cons:=quence  not 
The  offer  therefore  is  a  mere  jargon  of  words,  an 
as  indeed  the  whole  letter  appears,  for  the  peop 
ticularly  for  those  whom  they  have  thought  prope 
fellow-citizens  of  this  continent,  or,  in  other  words 
who  have  Joined  the  common  enemy.    But  one  o 
objects  was,  if  possible,  to  draw  the  Congress  Int 
of  treaty  or  correspondence,  in  order  that  they 
wherewithal  to  give  weight  to  the  calumnies  th( 
pogated,  by  declaring  to  the  FYench  court  that  t 
were  faithless,  and  indeed  had  actually  bargained 
Jection  of  America,  the  price  of  which  was  to  be  ] 
Commissioners. 

In  consistence  with  this  plan,  and,  if  possible, 
indirect  acknowledgment  of  their  authority,  they, 
of  August,  1778,  made  a  requ  sltion  of  the  troopf 
vention  of  Saratoga,  in  the  following  terms: 

By    the    Earl    of   CAHLISLE,    Sir    HENRY    CL 
WILLIAM  EDE5N,  Esq,  three  of  his  majesty's  ca 
appointed  with  sufficient  powers  to  treat,  consi 
upon  the  means  of  quieting  the  disorders  now 
AArfAfn  nf  the  colonies,  olanlations  and  provini 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  609 

England  is  stipulated,  are  now  solemnly  made  to  the  American 
Congress: 

"WHEREAS  the  means  thai  have  been  devised  by  mankind 
mitigate  the  horrors  of  war,  and  to  facilitate  the  re-establish- 
ment of  peace,  depend  on  the  faith  of  cartels,  military  capitu- 
lations, conventions  and  treaties  entered  into  even  during  the 
continuance  of  hostilities.  From  whence  all  nations  have 
agreed  to  observe  such  conventions,  as  they  revere  the  sacred 
obligations  of  humanity  and  Justice,  and  as  they  would  avoid 
the  horr.d  practice  of  retaliations,  which,  however  Justly  due 
to  the  guilty,  in  such  cases  but  too  frequently  fall  on  the  in- 
nocent 

"And  whereas  upon  these  considerations  all  breach  of  faith, 
even  with  an  enemy,  and  all  attempts  to  elude  the  force  of  mili- 
tary conventions,  or  to  defeat  their  salutary  purposes  by  evas- 
ion or  chicane,  are  Justly  held  in  detestation,  and  deemed  un- 
worthy of  any  description  of  persons  assuming  the  character 
or  stating  themselves  as  the  representatives  of  nations. 

"And  whereas  it  was  stipulated  in  the  second  article  of  the 
convention  entered  into  at  Saratoga  between  lieutenant-g?neral 
Burgoyne  and  major-general  Gates,  "That  a  free  passage  be 
"grantei  to  the  army  under  lieutenant-general  Burgoyne  to 
"Great-Britain,  upon  condition  of  not  serving  again  in  North- 
"America  during  the  present  contest;  and  the  port  of  Boston 
"is  assigned  for  the  entry  of  transports,  whenever  general 
"Howe  shall  so  order:" 

"His  majesty's  Commissioners  now  founding  their  claim  on 
this  article.  Join  with  the  commander  in  chief  of  his  majesty's 
forces  In  a  peremptory  requisition.  That  free  entrance  into  the 
harbour  of  Boston  be  given  to  transports  for  the  immediate  em- 
barkation of  the  said  roops;  and  that  they  be  allowed  to  depart 
for  Great- Britain  in  terms  of  the  said  convention.  And  the 
said  Commissioners,  in  order  to  remove  every  supposed  difll- 
culty  or  pretence  for  delay  in  the  execution  of  this  treaty, 
aris  ng  from  any  past,  real,  apparent  or  supposed  infraction  of 
it,  by  word  or  writing  on  the  side  of  either  party,  hereby  offer 
to  rerew,  on  the  part  of  Great-Britain,  all  the  stipulations  of 
the  said  convention,  and  particularly  to  ratify  the  condition 
annexed  to  the  second  article  thereof  above  recited,  by  which 
those  troops  are  not  to  serve  again  In  North-America  during 
the  present  contest. 

39-7-3d  Ser. 


A  SJ      MAAO     sj^^\^sja 


the  president,  and  others  the  members  of 
the  Congress,  met  at  Philadelphia." 

As  these  gentlemen  did  not  appear  with  the  pro] 
credence  to  an  independent  state,  Congress  could 
such  proposit  ons  without  acknowledging  indire 
thority  of  the  commission  by  which  they  were  ap 
in  doing  that  they  must  have  acknowledged^  the 
those  acts  of  parliament  on  which  that  commissio; 
ed.  But  as  an  independent  state  they  could  not  t 
persons  acting  either  under  a  commission  or  an  2 
meht,  these  being  of  a  domestic  nature,  and  relatii 
polity,  but  without  authenticity  as  to  foreign  po^ 

The  Commissioners  then,  on  the  one  hand,  ha( 
make  the  demand,  as  it  was  not  contained  in  theii 
and  could  not  possibly  have  been  in  contemplatioi 
of  granting  it:  Besides  that,  being  in  its  nature 
tary,  it  was  the  proper  business  of  the  British  c* 
chief.  And,  on  the  other  hand,  the  Congress  coul 
direct  answer  to  it  without  receding  from  their  ri 
sentatives  of  a  sovereign  and  independent  people. 

But  further:  It  being  evident  from  the  face  o 
tion,  when  compared  with  their  commission,  thai 
what  they  had  no  power  to  perform,  it  follows  1 
signed  to  obtain  the  troops  without  giving  the  t 
which  had  been  rightfully  demanded  for  their  pc 
the  convention.    And  from  thence  it  is  a  clear  ii 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  611 

of  that,  with  some  other  papers,  they  came  to  the  following 
resolution: 

"WHEREAS  Congress  did,  on  the  8th  day  of  January,  1778, 
resolve.  That  the  embarkation  of  lieutenant-general  Burgoyne, 
and  the  troops  under  his  command,  be  suspended  till  a  dis- 
tinct and  explicit  ratification  of  the  convention  of  Saratoga 
shall  be  properly  notified  by  the  court  of  Great-Britain  to  Con- 
grees: 

"RESOLVED,  That  no  ratification  of  the  convention  of  Sara- 
toga, which  may  be  tendered  in  consequence  of  powers  which 
may  reach  that  case  by  construction  and  implication,  or  which 
may  subject  whatever  is  transacted  relative  to  it,  to  the  future 
approbation  or  disapprobation  of  the  parliament  of  Great- 
Britain,  can  be  accepted  by  Congress." 

On  the  19th  of  September,  1778,  the  following  letter  was  re- 
ceived by  Congfress: 

New- York,  19th  September,   1778. 
SIR. 

"NOTHING  but  his  majesty's  positive  instructions,  of  which 
I  send  you  an  extract,  could  have  induced  me  to  trouble  you, 
or  the  American  Congress,  again  on  the  subject  of  the  troops 
detained  in  New-£>ngland,  in  direct  contravention  of  the  treaty 
entered  into  at  Saratoga.  The  neglect  of  the  requisitions  al- 
ready made  on  this  subject,  is  altogether  unprecedented  among 
parties  at  war.  I  now,  however,  repeat  the  demand,  that  the 
convention  of  Saratoga  be  fulfilled;  and  offer,  by  express  and 
recent  authority  from  the  king,  received  since  the  date  of  the 
late  requisition  made  by  his  majesty's  Commissioners,  to  renew 
in  his  majesty's  name,  all  the  conditions  stipulated  by  lieuten- 
ant-general Burgoyne,  in  respect  to  the  troops  serving  under 
his  command. 

"In  this  I  mean  to  discharge  my  duty,  not  only  to  the  king, 
whose  orders  I  obey,  but  to  the  unhappy  people,  likewise,  whose 
affairs  are  committed  to  you,  and  who,  I  hope,  will  have  the 
candor  to  acquit  me  of  the  consequences  that  must  follow  from 
the  new  system  of  war  you  are  pleased  to  Introduce.  I  have 
the  honor  to  be,  Sir, 

Your  most  obedient  and  most  humble  servant, 

H.  CLINTON. 
His  excellency  HENRY  LAURENS,  Esq;  the 

president,  and  others  the  members  of  the 

American  Congress,  at  Philadelphia. 


612  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

Extract  of  a  letter  from  the  right  honorable  lord  George 
Germain,  one  of  his  majesty's  principal  secretaries  of  state, 
to  his  excellency  general  Sir  Henry  Clinton,  K.  B.  &c.  &c. 
Ac.  dated  Whitehall,  June  12,  1778. 

"I  AM  to  signify  to  you  his  majesty's  pleasure,  that  you  do 
"take  every  necessary  step  for  the  strict  observance  of  what 
"is  stipulated  in  the  convention  of  Saratoga,  on  the  part  of 
"lieutenant-general  Burgoyne;  and  that  you  do  give  the  fullest 
"assurance  that  the  troops,  when  embarked,  shall  be  imme- 
"diately  sent  to  Great-Britain,  and  every  condition  agreed  upon 
"between  lieutenant-general  Burgoyne  and  major-general 
"Gates,  respecting  them,  be  faithfully  observed. 
A  true  extract, 

JOHN  SMITH,  secreUry." 

It  is  worthy  of  remark,  that  this  extract  is  dated  at  White- 
hall, so  early  as  the  12th  of  June,  from  whence  to  the  26th  of 
August  is  75  days;  wherefore  It  is  more  than  probable  that  it 
was  received  previous,  and  not  subsequent,  to  the  requisition 
made  by  the  Commissioners.  This  circumstance  heightens  the 
fraudulent  complexion  of  the  pro2edure;  and  in  any  case  the 
extract  shews  the  decided  opinion  of  the  British  court,  that 
their  Commissioners  had  not  the  power  by  them  pretended. 

But  further:  The  Congress  had  resolved  on  the  8th  of  Janu- 
ary, 1778,  on  the  most  conclusive  reasons,  "That  the  embarka- 
"tion  of  lieutenant-general  Burgoyne  and  the  troops  under  his 
"command  be  euspended  till  a  distinct  and  explicit  ratiflcation 
"of  the  convention  of  Saratoga  shall  be  properly  notified  by 
"the  court  of  Great-Britain  to  Congress."  But  instead  of  this, 
there  is  simply  a  direction  of  a  secretary  of  state  to  their 
general  "to  give  the  fullest  assurances,  &c."  which  assurances, 
and  the  general  who  gave  them,  or  the  very  secretary  himself, 
might  be  disavowed.  The  person  who  certifies  the  extract  also 
might  easily  be  disavowed;  nay,  it  ds  very  possible  that  no 
such  letter  was  ever  written:  Nor  can  we  argue  against  such 
deceit  from  the  baseneps  of  it:  for  those  who  would  do  the 
many  treacherous  acts  which  they  had  committed  during  the 
war,  who  had  borrowed  f'^m  felons  of  the  most  pitiful  kind 
the  little  villainy  of  counterfeiting  money,  and  with  whom  it 
was  a  favorite  maxim  that  no  faith  was  to  be  ke^t  with  rebels, 
could  hardly  boggle  at  the  sending  as  an  extract  from  a  secre- 
tary of  state's  letter  what  really  was  not  such  an  extract.  But 
it  is  unnecessary  to  dwell  on  theso  objections;  for  the  last  para- 
graph of  Sir  Henry  Clinton's  letter  was  so  highly  indecent. 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  613 

tliat  :t  would  have  b«en  treason  agalnat  the  dignity  ol  the 
people  of  America  to  have  attended  to  It  The  CoDgresa,  there- 
fore, with  great  propriety,  "ordered  that  the  secretary  return 
"the  following  anfwer:  3ir,  t  am  directed  to  Inform  you,  that 
"the  Congresfi  of  the  United  States  of  America  make  no  answer 
"to  Insolent  letters." 

Being  thus  foiled  In  their  several  attempts  to  deceive,  noth- 
ing remained  but  to  terrify.  For  tha  purpose  they  on  the  3d 
of  October,  IT7S,  published  the  following  manifesto  anil  procla- 
mation; 

To  the  members  of  the  Congress,  the  members  of  the  General 
ABsemblles  or  Conventions  of  the  several  colonies,  planta- 
tions and  provinces  of  New-HampDhire,  Maaaaehusetts  Bay, 
Rhode-Island,  Connecticut,  New-York,  New-Jersey,  Pennsyl- 
vania, the  three  Lower  Counties  on  Delaware,  Maryland,  Vir- 
ginia. North-Carolina,  South -Carolina  and  Geirgla.  and  ail 
others,  free  Inhabitants  of  the  said  colonies,  of  every  rank 
and  denomination. 

By  the  Barl  of  CARLISLE.  Sir  ITHNRT  CLINTON  and 
WILLIAM  En)BN,  Bsq:  CommlHslonerB  appointed  by  his 
majesty  in  pursuance  of  an  act  of  parliament,  made  and 
passed  In  the  18th  year  of  his  majesty's  reign,  ta  enable  his 
majesty  to  appoint  Cammlssioners  to  treat,  consult  and 
agree  upon  tbe  means  of  quieting  the  diso  ders  now  subsist- 
ing In  certain  of  the  colonies,  plantations  and  provinces  In 
North -America. 

"HAVING  amply  and  repeatedly  made  known  to  the  Coo- 
KTOSB,  and  having  alsii  proclaimed  to  the  Inhabitants  of  North- 
AmerlcH  In  general,  tbe  benevolent  overtures  of  Oreat-Brltaln 
towards  a  re-unlon  and  coalition  with  her  colonies,  we  do  not 
think  It  consistent  either  with  the  duty  we  owe  to  our  country, 
or  with  a  Just  regard  to  the  oharacters  we  bear,  to  persist  in 
holding  out  offers,  which,  in  our  estimation,  required  only  to 
be  known  to  be  moat  gratefully  accepted;  and  we  have  ac- 
cordingly, excFptlos  only  the  commander  '.n  chief,  who  will  be 
detained  by  military  duties,  resolved  to  return  to  England  a 
tew  weeks  after  the  date  of  this  manifesto  and  proclamation. 

"Previous,  however,  to  this  decisive  step,  we  are  led,  by  a 
Just  anxiety  for  the  great  objects  of  our  mission,  to  enlarge  on 
some  points  which  may  not  have  beeu  snfflclenliy  understood, 
to  recapitulate  to  our  fellow  subjects  the  tleseings  which  we 
ara  empowered  to  confer,  and  to  warn  them  of  the  eontlnood 


614  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

train  of  evils  to  which  they  are  at  present  blindly  and  ob- 
stinately exposing  themselves. 

"To  the  members  of  the  Congress,  then,  we  again  declare, 
that  we  are  ready  to  concur  in  all  satisfactory  and  Just  ar- 
rangements for  securing  to  them  and  their  respective  constitu- 
ents, the  re-establishment  of  peace,  with  the  exemption  from 
any  imposition  of  taxes  by  the  parliament  of  Great-Britain, 
and  the  irrevocable  enjoyment  of  every  privilege  consistent 
with  that  union  of  interests  and  force  on  which  our  mutual 
prosperity  and  the  safety  of  our  common  religion  and  liberty 
depend,  ^e  again  assert,  that  the  members  of  the  Congress 
were  not  authorized  by  their  constitution  ether  to  reject  our 
offers  without  the  previous  consideration  and  cocsent  of  the 
several  Assemblies  and  Conventions,  their  constituents,  cr  to 
refer  us  to  pretended  foreign  treaties,  which  they  know  are 
delusively  framed  in  the  first  instance,  and  which  have  never 
yet  been  ratified  by  the  people  of  this  continent.  And  we  once 
more  remind  the  members  of  the  Congress,  that  they  are  re- 
sponsible to  their  countrymen,  to  the  world,  and  to  God,  for 
the  continuance  of  this  war,  and  for  all  the  miseries  with 
which  it  must  be  attended. 

**To  the  General  Assemblies  and  Conventions  of  the  diffe  ent 
colonies,  plantations  and  provinces  above-mentioned,  we  now 
separately  make  the  offers  which  we  orig'nally  transmitted  to 
the  Congress;  and  w"^  hereby  call  upon  and  urge  them  to  meet 
expressly  for  the  puriose  of  considering  whether  every  motive, 
political  as  well  as  moral,  should  not  decide  their  resolution  to 
embrace  the  occasion  of  cementing  a  free  and  firm  coalition 
with  Great-Britain.  It  has  not  been,  nor  is  it.  our  w  sh,  to 
seek  the  objects  which  we  are  commissioned  to  pursue,  by 
fomenting  popular  divisions  and  partial  cabals:  we  think  such 
conduct  would  be  ill  suited  to  the  generous  nature  of  the 
offers  made,  and  unbecoming  the  dignity  of  the  king  an  1  the 
state  which  makes  them.  But  it  is  both  our  wish  and  our  duty 
to  encourage  and  support  any  men  or  bodies  of  men  in  their 
return  of  loyalty  to  our  sovereign  and  of  affection  to  our  fellow- 
subj^'cts. 

"To  all  others,  free  inhabitants  of  this  once  happy  empire, 
we  also  address  ourselves.  Such  of  them  as  are  actually  in 
arms,  of  whatsoever  rank  or  description,  will  do  well  to  recol- 
lect, that  the  grievances,  whether  real  or  siipposeJ.  which  led 
them  into  this  rebellion  have  bean  for-eve-  removed,  and  that 
the  just  occasion  is  arrived  for  their  returning  to  the  class  of 


AMERICAN  RBVOLDTION.  SIE 

pMcelul  clHzens.  But  It  ibe  honore  ot  a.  military  11I«  are  ti«- 
come  their  object,  let  them  seek  thoae  honors  under  the  ban- 
ners of  their  rightful  sovereign,  and  In  fighting  the  battles  ot 
the  united  British  empire  ag&lOBt  our  late  mutual  and  natural 

"To  those  whose  profession  :t  1b  to  exercise  the  functions  of 
religion  on  this  continent.  It  cannot  surely  be  unknown,  that 
the  foreign  power  with  which  the  Congress  ds  endeavoring  to 
connect  thuro,  has  ever  been  averse  to  toleration,  and  Invetsr- 
ately  opposed  to  the  Interests  and  freedom  of  the  places  of 
worship  which  they  serve;  and  that  Great-Britain,  from  whom 
tbey  are  tor  the  present  separated,  must,  both  from  the  prin- 
ciples ot  her  constitution  and  of  protestantism,  be  at  all  timee 
the  best  guardian  of  religious  liberty,  and  most  disposed  to 
promote  and  extend  IL 

"To  all  those  who  can  estimate  the  blessings  ot  peace,  and 
its  influence  over  agrtcnlture,  arts  and  commerce,  who  can  feel 
a  due  anxiety  for  the  education  and  establishment  ol  their 
ohlldren,  or  who  can  place  a  Just  value  on  domestic  security, 
we  think  It  sufficient  to  observe,  that  they  are  made  by  theJr 
leaders  to  continue  Involved  In  all  tlie  calamities  of  war,  with- 
out having  either  a  just  object  to  pursue,  or  a  subsisting  griev- 
ance which  may  not  Instantly  be  redressed. 

"But  if  there  be  any  persons  who,  divested  of  mlslafcen  re- 
wntmenta,  and  uninfluenced  by  selSsh  Intereets,  really  think 
that  It  is  Cor  the  benefit  ot  the  colonies  to  separate  themselves 
from  Oreat-Brltaln,  and  that,  so  separated,  they  will  flnd  a  con- 
■tltutioa  more  mild,  more  tree,  and  better  calculated  for  their 
prosperity  than  that  which  tiiey  heretofore  enjoyed,  and  which 
we  are  empowered  and  disposed  to  reaew  and  improve;  with 
such  persons  we  will  not  dispute  a  position  which  seems  to  be 
snCQclently  contradicted  by  tbe  experience  they  have  had. 
But  we  think  It  right  to  leave  them  fully  aware  ot  the  change 
which  the  maintaining  such  a  position  must  make  In  the  whole 
nature  and  tuLure  conduct  of  this  war;  more  especially  when 
to  this  position  Is  added  the  pretended  alliance  with  the  court 
of  France. — Tbe  pol.cy,  as  well  as  the  benevolence  of  Great- 
Britain,  have  thus  far  checked  the  eitremea  of  war,  when 
they  tended  to  distress  a  people  still  conslderel  as  our  fellow- 
subjects,  and  to  desolate  a  country  shortly  to  become  again  a 
source  ot  mutual  advantage:  But  when  that  country  professes 
tbe  unnatural  des'gn  not  only  ot  estranging  herself  from  us, 
but  of  martgag:ng  herself  and  her  resources  to  our' enemies, 
the  whole  contest  Is  changed:  and  the  question  Is,  bow  tar 


k 


tf  J«  OHHEKVATIONS  ON  THE 

Or«At-flrlUfn  may,  by  every  meanB  In  her  power,  destroy  or 
mndfir  wtHlem  a  connection  contrived  for  her  ruin,  and  f<^  the 
affffrandls^ment  o(  F*rance.  Under  aucti  circnmatances  the 
UwM  ot  »«)lf-preaervatlon  mu'*t  direct  the  conduct  of  Oreat- 
nrltaln;  and  If  the  British  colonies  are  to  become  an  accession 
to  Kranc't,  will  direct  her  to  render  that  accession  of  as  little 
avail  as  possible  to  her  enemy. 

"If,  however,  thero  are  any  who  think,  that  notwithstanding 
these  reasonlnirs,  the  Independence  of  the  colonies  will,  in  the 
result,  be  acknowledged  by  Great-Britain;  to  them  we  answer 
without  rwjervft,  that  we  neither  possess  or  expect  Qowers  for 
that  purpose;  and  that,  if  Great-Britain  could  ever  have  sunk 
■0  low  as  to  adopt  such  a  measure,  we  should  not  have  thought 
ourselves  compellable  to  be  the  instruments  in  making  a  con- 
cession, whioh  would,  in  our  opinion,  be  calamitous  to  the  colo- 
nies, for  whom  it  is  made,  and  disgraceful,  as  well  as  calamit- 
ous, to  the  country  from  which  it  is  required.  And  we  think 
proper  to  declare,  that  in  this  spirit  and  sentiment  we  have 
regularly  written  from  this  continent  to  Great-Britain. 

**U  will  now  become  the  colonies  in  general  to  call  to  mind 
their  own  solemn  appeals  to  Heaven  in  the  beginning  of  this 
oonteat.  that  they  took  arms  only  for  the  redress  of  grievances, 
and  that  It  would  be  their  wish,  as  well  as  their  interest,  to 
r^uain  forever  connected  with  Great-Britain.  We  again  ask 
them»  whether  all  their  grievances,  real  or  supposed,  have  not 
be««u  amply  and  fully  redressed?  And  we  Insist,  that  the  offers 
w«k  have  made*  leave  nothing  to  be  wished,  in  point  either  of 
Imuit^dlate  lib<H*ty  v>r  permanent  security:  If  those  offers  are 
now  rejected,  we  withdraw  from  the  exe'cise  of  a  commission 
witJh  which  we  ha\^  in  vain  t>een  honored:  the  same  liberality 
wlU  uo  longer  te  due  from  Grcat-Br  tain,  nor  can  it  either  is 
Ju^tic^^  or  ps^licy  be  expected  from  her. 

'^lu  tine,  and  for  the  fuller  ^anlfes:a:ioa  x>  well  of  the  di»> 
PK^c^UnUi  wv  b^'or.  **  of  the  gr?ci.>as  jLai  g:^n?roiis  pa  pcses  sC 
th*  vNUttmt*3uon  tttt.Ur  whioh  we  ac:.  we  tiervby  d^cUre.  titat 
wbk<r^u$  M*  m4i^:>.  ia  par?ujuxcr?  c:f  jlz  jlc:.  aiAir?  jjii  ^idsed 
in  :i*  ^h:^»:lSi  s^wsion  v>f  pjurliAax^:::  e::::::ed.  -^Aa  jct  :>• 
•Vn^Me  ii*  WA^e^j^iy  •>>  A?P*-^  3l:  Ov?3L21  >;?:o-^r>  w.il  sTzJEcfienc 

^^^»  iicj^v-^fcT^  r:,w  ^>f^:>ci3;4:  12  .>?r:JLia^  ,*'  :!:?  >:::2^'«v  jiJCt- 
*n*U^«*  i^i  7T%>v •>.>?*?  ,*:"  N^^-^i-An  r-  .1  '  iiT  -^  N,^*a  ^IfStse^ 
1i>  aa;!Jfcv*  *.*?  xai  f-itj^^-'w^r  u:*  :,'  c~*jlz:  i  7Ar::a  ;.•  j.irSnx;?  'a* 


AMBRICAN  REVOLUTION.  617 

tatlons  and  provlncee  o(  New-Hampslilre,  'MasaacbuMtta^Bay, 
Rhode-Island,  Connecticut,  Nev-York,  New-Jerser,  FennByl- 
vanla,  the  three  lower  Counties  on  Delaware,  Maryland,  Vir- 
ginia, North-Carolina,  South-Carollna  and  Owr^a:  And 
wbereas  the  good  effects  of  the  said  autborltiea  and  powers 
towards  the  people  at  large,  would  have  long  since  taken  place. 
If  a  due  uae  bad  been  made  of  our  first  communlcatlonB  and 
overtures,  and  have  thus  far  been  frustrated  only  by  the  preci- 
pitate resolution  of  the  members  of  the  CongresB  not  to  treat 
with  UB,  and  by  their  declining  to  consult  wllb  their  constltu- 
ents;  We  now.  In  making  our  appeal  to  thoee  constituents, 
and  to  the  free  inbabltants  of  this  continent  In  general,  have 
determined  to  give  to  tbem  what  In  our  opinion  should  have 
been  the  first  object  of  thoee  who  appeared  to  have  taken  the 
management  of  their  Interest,  and  adopt  this  mode  of  carrying 
the  said  authorities  and  powers  Into  execution.  We  accord- 
ingly hereby  grant  and  proclaim  a  pardon  or  pardons  of  all  and 
all  manner  of  treasons  or  mlsprialons  of  treasons,  by  any  per- 
son or  persons,  or  by  any  number  or  description  of  persons 
within  the  said  colonies,  plantations  or  provinces,  counselled, 
commanded,  acted  or  done  on  or  before  the  date  of  this  mani- 
festo and  proclamation. 

"And  we  farther  declare  apd  proclaim,  that  If  any  person  or 
persons,  or  any  number  or  description  of  persons  within  the 
said  colonies,  plantations  and  provinces,  now  actually  serving 
either  In  a  civil  or  military  capacity  In  this  retwlllon,  shall,  at 
any  time  during  the  continuance  of  this  manifesto  and  procla- 
mation, withdraw  blmaeU  or  themselves  from  such  civil  or 
military  service,  and  shall  contlnne  thenceforth  peaceably  as  a 
good  and  faithful  subject  or  subjects  to  his  majesty,  to  demean 
himself  or  themselves,  such  person  or  persons,  of  such  number 
and  description  of  persons,  shall  become  and  be  fully  entitled 
to,  and  hereby  obtain  all  the  beneflta  of  the  pardon  or  pardons 
hereby  granted;  excepting  only  from  the  said  pardon  or  par- 
dons every  person,  and  every  number  or  description  of  persons, 
who,  after  the  date  of  this  manifesto  and  proclamation,  shall, 
under  the  pretext  of  authority,  as  Judges,  Jurymen,  ministers, 
or  officers  of  civil  JustJce  be  Instrumental  in  executing  and 
putting  to  death  any  of  his  majesty's  subjects  within  the  laid 
oolonles.  plantations  and  provinces. 

'*And  we  think  proper  farther  to  declare,  that  nothing  herein 
contained  is  meant,  or  shall  be  construed,  to  set  at  liberty  any 
person  or  persons  now  being  a  prisoner  or  prisoners,  or  who, 
daring  the  continuance  of  this  rebellion,  shall  become  a 
prisoner  or  prisoners. 


618  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE 

"And  we  offer  to  the  colonies  at  large,  or  separately,  a  gen- 
eral or  separate  peace,  witli  the  revival  of  their  antient  govern- 
ments secured  against  any  future  infringements,  and  protected 
for-ever  from  taxation  by  Great-Brita.n.  And,  with  respect  to 
such  farther  regulations,  whether  civil,  military  or  commercial, 
as  they  may  wish  to  be  framed  and  established,  we  promise 
all  the  concurrence  and  assistance  that  his  majesty's  commia- 
sion  authorizes  and  enablea  us  to  give. 


« 


'And  we  declare,  that  this  manifesto  and  proclamation  shall 
continue  and  be  in  force  forty  days  from  the  date  thereof,  that 
is  to  say,  from  the  third  day  of  October  to  the  eleventh  day  of 
November,  both  inclusive. 


<( 


'And,  in  order  that  the  whole  contents  of  this  manifesto  and 
proclamation  may  be  more  fully  known,  we  shall  direct  copies 
thereof,  both  in  the  Euglish  and  German  language,'  to  be  trans- 
mitted by  flags  of  truce  to  the  Congress,  the  General  As- 
semblies or  Conventions  of  the  colonies,  plantations  and  pro- 
vinces, and  to  several  persons  both  in  civil  and  military  capa- 
cities within  the  said  colonies,  plantations  and  provinces.  And, 
for  the  further  security  in  times  to  come  of  the  several  persons 
or  numbers  or  descriptions  of  persons  who  are  or  may  be  the 
objects  of  this  manifesto  and  proclamation,  we  have  set  our 
hands  and  seals  to  thirteen  copies  thereof,  and  have  trans- 
mitted the  same  to  the  thirteen  colonies,  plantations  and  pro- 
vinces above-mentioned;  and  we  are  willing  to  hope  that  the 
whole  of  this  manifesto  and  proclamation  will  be  fairly  and 
freely  published  and  circulated  for  the  immediate,  general  and 
most  serious  consideration  and  benefit  of  all  his  majesty's  sub- 
jects on  this  continent.  And  we  earnestly  exhort  all  persons 
who  by  this  instrument  forthwith  receive  the  benefit  of  the 
king's  pardon,  at  the  same  time  that  they  entertain  a  becoming 
sense  of  those  lenient  and  affectionate  measures  whereby  they 
are  now  freed  from  many  grievous  charges  which  might  have 
risen  in  judgement,  or  have  been  brought  in  question  against 
them,  to  make  a  wise  improvement  of  the  situation  in  which 
this  manifesto  and  proclamation  places  them,  and  not  only  to 
recollect,  that  a  perseverance  in  the  present  rebellion,  or  any 
adherence  to  the  treasonable  connection  attempted  to  be  framed 
with  a  foreign  power,  will,  after  the  present  grace  extended,  be 
considered  as  crimes  of  the  most  aggravated  kind,  but  to  vie 
with  each  other  in  eager  and  cordial  endeavors  to  secure  their 
own  peace  and  promote  and  establish  the  prosperity  of  their 
countrymen  and  the  general  weal  of  the  empire. 


AUSRICAlf  REVOLUTION.  Sl» 

"And,  purauant  to  his  majestf'a  commiaalon.  wg*  hereby  re- 
quire  all  offlcera  civil  and  tail  tar y,  and  all  others  hU  majesty's 
loving  eubjecta  wbataoever,  to  be  aldlog  and  assisting  unto  us 
In  tbe  execution  at  this  our  manlteato  and  proclamation,  and 
oC  all  tbe  matters  herein  contained. 

Given  at  New-Tork,  this  33  day  ot  October  1778. 

cahlisle.  (l.  3.) 
h.  clinton.  (l.  s.) 
wm.  eden,      (l.  s.) 

By  their  escellenc'.es  command, 

ADAM  PBROUSON.  aecreUry." 

By  some  acddenta  In  the  conveyance  of  this  proclamation.  It 
was  a  long  time  beTore  It  came  officially  to  Congress,  tbough 
It  had  been  re-publlshed  from  the  New-Tork  papers  In  those  of 
the  United  States.  As  soon,  however,  as  It  arrived.  It  produced 
the  following  solemn  appeal: 


"THBSE  United  States  having  been  driven  to  hostilities  by 
Che  oppressive  and  tyrannous  measures  of  Great-Britain;  hav- 
ing been  compelled  to  commit  the  eijsentlal  rights  of  man  to 
the  decision  of  arms;  and  having  been  at  length  forced  to  shake 
off  a  yoke  which  had  grown  too  burthensorae  to  bear,  they 
declared  themselves  free  and  independent. 

"Confiding  in  the  Justice  of  their  cause;  confiding  in  H.m 
who  disposes  of  human  events,  although  weak  and  unprovided, 
they  set  the  power  of  their  enemies  at  deflance. 

"In  this  confldence  they  have  continued  through  the  various 
fortune  of  three  bloody  campaigns,  unawed  by  the  power,  un- 
subdued by  the  barbarity  of  ^^eir  foes.  Their  v  rtuous  citizens 
have  borne,  without  repining,  Ihe  lofs  ot  many  things  which 
make  lite  dealrablc.  Their  brave  troops  have  patiently  en- 
dured the  hardships  and  dangers  of  a  aituation,  rniltrul  in 
both  beyond  former  example. 

"The  Congress,  considering  themselves  bound  to  love  their 
enemies,  as  children  ot  that  Being  who  la  equally  the  Father  ot 
ail;  and  desirous,  since  they  could  not  prevent,  at  least  to  alle- 
viate, the  calamities  of  war.  have  studied  to  spare  those  who 
were  in  arms  against  them,  and  to  lighten  th"  chains  of 
captivity.  - 


J 


aggravated  by  the  groesest  insult. 

"Foiled  in  their  vain  attempt  to  subjugate  the 
spirit  of  freedom,  they  have  maanly  assailed  tl 
tives  of  America  with  bribes,  with  deceit,  and  t 
adulation.  They  have  made  a  mock  of  humanlt: 
ton  destruction  of  men:  They  have  made  a  moi 
by  impious  appeals  to  God  whilst  in  the  violatioi 
commands:  They  have  made  a  mock  even  of  re 
endeavoring  to  prove,  that  the  liberty  and 
America  could  safely  be  entrusted  to  those  who  1 
own,  unawed  by  the  sense  of  virtue  or  of  shame. 

"Treated  with  the  contempt  which  such  con 
they  have  applied  to  individuals:  They  have  so 
break  the  bonds  of  allegiance,  and  imbue  the'r 
blackest  of  crimes:  But,  fearing  that  none  c 
through  these  United  States  equal  to  the  wickc 
purpose,  to  influence  weak  minds,  they  have  ±1 
wide  devastation. 

"While  the  shadow  of  hope  remained,  that  oui 
be  taught  by  our  example  to  respect  those  laws 
sacred  among  civilized  nations,  and  to  comply  w 
of  a  religion  which  they  pretend  in  common  wit 
and  to  revere,  they  have  been  left  to  the  inl 
religion  and  that  example.  But  since  their  ii 
positions  cannot  be  touched  by  kindness  and 
becomes  our  duty  by  other  means  to  vindlcat 


AMERICAN  REVOLUTION.  621 

Done  In  ConKress,  by  uoaaimoua  consent,  Uie  thirtieth  day  ot 
October,  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  BOTfnty-elght. 
HEINRY  LAURBNe,  incident." 

AUWt 
CHARLES  THOMSON,  aecHrtary." 

TbOB  all  negotiation  for  dependence  being  at  an  end,  Qreat- 
Brltaln  and  America  are  nov  to  contend  on  the  following 
points:  1st.  On  the  part  of  Qreat-Brltaln  It  U  declared,  that 
aa  we  will  not  submit,  and  she  cannot  subdue,  she  w.U  attempt 
to  rnln  and  destroy.  Zdly.  On  the  part  of  America  it  la  d»- 
elared,  that  It  the  war  is  prosecuted  in  a  manner  not  con- 
formable to  tbe  laws  of  nations,  the  conduct  of  her  enemies 
shall  be  retaliated. 

if  onr  enemies  were  under  the  guidance  ot  reason,  they  would 
desist  from  those  efforts  with  which  they  threaten  us;  1st. 
Becaoae,  although  tbe;  may  burn  many  defenceless  towns,  and 
ravage  much  of  the  open  country,  the  attempt  to  ruin  us  must 
bo  nnsucceaaful,  and  tbe  eipence  of  it  enonaous;  not  lo  men- 
tion that  their  whole  force  Is  necessary  for  their  own  defence, 
which  necessity  will  dally  Increase.  2dly.  Because  their  bar- 
barity, by  exasperating  more  the  minds  of  the  Americans,  will 
more  effectually  wean  them  from  all  attachment  to,  and  con- 
nection with,  Qr eat- Britain,  as  well  political  as  commercial. 
3dly.  Because  they  must  eipect  that  our  allies  w!ll  afford  every 
aid  in  their  power  to  vindicate  tbe  violated  rights  of  nations; 
which  Indeed  tbey  are  bound  to  do,  not  only  in  common  with 
all  other  sovereigns,  but  by  the  powe'ful  principles  of  faith  and 
affection.  And  4thly.  Because  such  conduct  on  their  part 
would  Justify  on  ours  not  only  tbe  breach  of  any  compacts 
which  might  be  entered  Into,  but  even  the  most  sanguinary 
measures  at  the  most  distant  period;  nay  more,  wouU  demand 
a  remembrance  of  the  Injury,  until  sucb  ample  vengeance 
would  be  taken  aa  would  In  future  prevent  simitar  loautts  from 

But  the  uarcaeonablenesa  of  these  measures  la  vcy  far  from 
being  a  conclusive  argument  why  they  will  not  adopt  tbem; 
IsL  Because  their  whole  conduct,  wltb  relation  to  this  country, 
bears  such  strong  marks  of  folly,  that  to  suppose  they  will 
not  obst'nately  persist  In  :t,  would  argue  a  degrre  of  weakness 
and  Infidelity.  Zdly.  Because  It  Is  perhaps  necessary  that  they 
Should  make  a  viitatlon  lo  every  state.  In  order  to  purge  It 
of  tbe  most  turbulent  part  ot  the  dlBatfected,  and  punish  tbe 
remainder  by  ihe  destfucti'-n  ol  their  property,  thereby  bring- 
ing home  to  the  r  feelings  that  conviction  wblcb  was  not  to  be 


vengeance  of  defeated  despotism.  And  4thly.  Ba 
suppose,  they  have  offended  us  beyond  forgive 
conclude  that  we  shall  be  stimulated  by  paFsl< 
own,  to  prosecute  their  ruin:  In  which  case,  be  n 
to  ask  our  friendship,  they  have  no  alternative  bi 
to  render  our  enmity  as  little  dangerous  as  poHs: 

On  the  other  hand,  the  determination  of  Ameri: 

is  dictated  by  every  motive  of  policy  and  justi 

terminate  to  the  great  prejud.ee  of  Britain,  and  t 

adherents  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic:    Nor  can 

wanting;  the  towns  on  her  coast  are  at  least  as 

ours;  and  their  citizens,  unused  to  arms,  are  utt< 

of  repelling  an  assault.    A  small  sum  of  mone: 

their  metropolis  in  flames.    Their  subjects  and  a 

easily  be  found  in  any  part  of  the  earth;  an^ 

scalping-knife  itself  may,  In  the  hands  of  our  ril 

horror  through  their  island.    These  and  many  < 

may  readily  be  devised;  and  certainly  some  cr 

will  offer  itself  in  the  flow  of  time  to  proclaim  t( 

juries  of  America  in  the  rough  sounds  of  mer.ted 

Considering  our  present  situation  and  connect i; 
but  be  sensible  that  the  independence  of  Am 
secured,  and  nothing  left  to  guard  against  but  t 
a  cruel  foe,  and  the  derangement  of  our  financ 
the  former,  we  must  hold  ourselves  ready  to  i 
force  wherever  assailed,  and  firmly  retort  every 


AUERICAN  REVOLUTION.  62S 

The  portals  of  the  temple  we  have  ralnd  to  (reedom,  shall 
then  be  throwo  wids,  as  an  asrlum  to  maufclni].  America  ahall 
receive  to  her  bosom  and  comfort  and  cheer  the  oppressed,  the 
mlBcrable  and  the  poor  of  every  nation  and  of  every  clime. 
The  enterprise  ol  eztendlns  commerce  shall  wave  her  friendly 
flag  over  the  billows  of  bfae  remotest  regions.  Industry  shall 
collect  and  bear  to  her  shores  all  tbe  various  productions  of 
the  earth,  and  all  by  which  human  life  and  human  manners  are 
pollshad  and  adorned.  In  becoming  acquainted  with' the  relig- 
ions, the  cusloms  and  the  taws,  tbe  wisdom,  virtues  and  fotllea 
and  prejudices  of  different  countries,  we  sball  be  taught  to 
cherish  the  princlplee  of  general  benevolence.  We«hall  leam 
to  consider  all  men  as  our  brethren,  being  equally  children  of 
the  Universal  Parent — that  God  of  tbe  heavens  and  of  the 
earth,  whose  inflnlte  majesty,  for  providential  favor  during  tbe 
late  revolution,  almighty  power  In  our  preservation  Irom  im- 
pending ruin,  and  gracious  mercy  In  our  redemption  from  the 
iron  shackles  of  despotism,  we  cannot  cease  with  gratitude 
and  with  deep  humility  to  praise,  to  reverence  and  adore. 


THE  PAYMENT 

or 

LOANS  AND  INTEREST 

BY  THE  CONGRESS. 
1780. 


40~7--3d  Ser. 


TABLE  FOR  THE  PAYMENT 


Principal  and  Interest  of  Loans. 


RESOLUTIONS  OF  CONGRESS, 


Xhe  X-wenty- eighth  day  of  June,  1780, 


I  HILADELFHIA: 

Printkd   by  DAVID   C.    CLAVPOOLE, 

Primer  to  Ihe  Honorable  the  Congress. 

M.DCC.LXXX. 


IN   CONGRESS. 


JUNE  28Ui.  1780. 

WHDRBAS  CoDgT«sB,  on  xhe  «l?bteeiitb  day  of  April  lut, 
resolved  In  the  vrorie  following,  viz.  "That  Congreu  wUl[ 
as  80OD  8s  may  be.  make  such  provlBion  for  discharging  or 
cODtlDuing  the  loane  that  iMve  been  made  to  these  United 
States,  on  loan-offlce  certlflcatee,  as  that  the  holders  of  them 
shall  sustain  no  loss  thereon,  bj  any  depredation  of  the  bills 
loaned,  subsequent  to  the  respective  dates  of  the  said  oertlfl- 
catee:"  therefore 

Raeolved,  That  the  principal  of  all  loans,  th&t  tune  been 
made  to  tbeae  United  States,  shall  Anally  be  dlsoharged,  by 
paying  the  full  current-  value  of  the  bills  when  ktaned,  which 
payments  shall  be  made  In  Spanlah  milled  dollars,  or  the  cur- 
rent exchange  thereof  in  other  money,  at  the  time  of  payment: 

Tbat  the  value  of  the  bills  when  loaned,  shall  be  ascertained, 
for  the  purpose  above  mentioned,  by  computing  thereon  a  pro- 
gressive rate  of  depreciation,  commencing  witlh  the  first  daj  of 
September,  1777,  and  continuing  to  the  eighteenth  day  of 
March,  1780,  In  geometrical  proportion  to  the  time,  from  period 
to  period,  as  hereafter  stated.  asHumtng  the  depreciation  at  lite 
several  periods  to  be  aa  follows,  viz. 

On  the  first  day  of  March.  177S,  one  dollar  and  three  quar- 
ters of  a  ilollar  of  the  said  bills,  for  one  Spanish  milled  dollar; 
on  the  first  of  September.  177S.  as  four  of  the  former  for  one 
of  the  latter;  on  the  first  of  March.  1779,  as  ten  of  the  former 
for  one  of  the  latter;  on  the  first  day  of  September,  1779,  as 
eighteen  of  the  former  lor  one  of  the  latter:  and  on  tbe  19th 
day  of  Uarcb,  17S0.  ae  forty  Of  the  former  for  one  of  the  latter: 

That  the  principal  of  all  cerClflcatee  tbat  have  been  taken 
out  since  the  eighteenth  day  of  March  last,  shall  be  discharged 
at  the  rate  of  one  Spanish  milled  dollar,  or  the  current  ex- 
change thereof  in  other  money  at  the  time  of  payment,  for 
forty  dollars  at  the  said  bills  of  credit,  received  on  loan: 
(e29) 


as  aforesaid,  shall  be  discharged  annually,  in  like 
the  principal,  until  the  principal  shall  be  paid:  prov 
thelpss,  that  the  same  interest  and  mode  of  pay  me: 
ficatffi  taken  out  before  the  first  day  of  March.  17 
«ontinufd  as  at  i)n:»9ent,  until  the  principal  asc< 
aforesaid,  shall  be  ready  to  be  discharged. 

Ordered,     That   the   board   of   treasury    prepare 
tables  for  direction   of  the  commiBsi oners  of  the 
loan-offices  in  the  several  states,  in  paying  off  tt 
and  interest  of  loans,  ag^reeably  to  the  foregoing  ref> 

Extracts  from  the  minutes, 
GEORGE  BOND,  Deputy 


PAYMENT  OF  LOANS. 


TREASURY  OFFICE. 


JULY  29th.  1780. 

IN  pursuance  of  tbe  [oregolng  act,  and  on  the  prlncipl'^ 
therein  laid  down,  the  rollowing  Table,  for  direotlon  oC  'he 
commlsB^ODerfl  of  tihe  Continental  Lioan-Offlcee  In  the  several 
states.  Id  paying  oft  the  Principal  and  Intereat  ot  Loans,  is 
prepared;  shewing  the  value  of  One  Hundred  Dollars  of  the 
Currency  of  the  United  States  loaned  at  any  time  between  fiie 
let  day  trf  September.  ITTT.  and  the  ISth  day  of  March,  1780,  in 
Specie,  with  Its  Interest  for  a  year. 

It  is  to  be  observed.  That  the  specie  value  of  One  Hundred 
Dollars,  found  on  any  day  witliln  the  Table,  la  to  be  multiplied 
by  the  number  of  bundrede  ferprunod  In  the  CertlBcate  of  the 
same  date,  w^ose  value  In  specie  is  required,  and  in  like  man- 
ner the  Interest  arising  tLereon;  and  the  answer  will  be  ob- 

Eiample. — The  specie  value  of  a  Certlfl- 
rafte  of  five  hundred  dollars  and  Its  Inter- 
est, loaned  the  Ist,  day  of  May,  lTT9,iB  re- 
quired on  that  day: — By  the  Table,  the 
specie  value  of  one  bundred  current  dol- 
lars Is  ^gtat  dollars,  twenty  ninetletibs  of 
a  dollar,  and  Ave  <?lghth  parts  of  a  nine-    dol.    90thfl.    Sths. 
tietb.   which  multiplied  by  five  (the  hun-      S          20            S 
dreda  mentioned  In  the  Certificate)  gives                                 S 
forty-one  dollars,  thirteen  ninetieths  and  


one  eighth   (or  the  Principal:  41  13  1-8 

The   Interest   thereon,   forty-tour  n4ne- 

tleths  and   three  eighths,   multiplied   by  dol.  iM>ths.  Sths. 

Ave,  (the  number  of  hundreds  in  the  Cer-  0  44  3 

liflcate.)     gives      two,     doliara,     forty-one  5 

ninetieths  and  seven  eighths  of  a  nlnetl 

etta  for  Its  interest.  In  specie:  2  41  7-8 


VALUE  OF  ONE  HUNDRBID  DOLLARS  IN  SPfiWIB,  AND  ITS 
INTBRB8T, 


do).  90ths.  Sths. 


dol.  Mtbs.  StbB. 


6. 

89 

66 

< 

7. 

89 

42 

8. 

89 

17 

9. 

88 

82 

2 

10. 

88 

57 

5 

11. 

88 

33 

12. 

88 

8 

3 

13. 

87 

73 

7 

14. 

87 

49 

4 

15. 

87 

25 

2 

16. 

87 

1 

17. 

86 

66 

6 

18. 

86 

42 

6 

19. 

86 

18 

5 

20. 

85 

84 

6 

21. 

85 

60 

7 

22. 

85 

37 

23. 

85 

13 

2 

24. 

84 

79 

5 

25. 

84 

56 

1 

26. 

84 

32 

4 

27. 

84 

9 

1 

28. 

83 

75 

6 

29. 

83 

52 

4 

30. 

83 

29 

2 

31. 

83 

6 

0 

5 
5 
5 

^ 

5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
4 
4 


Nov. 


82 


73 


PAYMENT  OF  LOANS. 


635 


1777. 

dol. 

90ths. 

8th8 

Nov.   13. 

•  79 

71 

4 

14. 

79 

49 

3 

15. 

79 

27 

•  2 

16. 

79 

5 

2 

17. 

78 

73 

2 

18. 

78 

51 

3 

19. 

78 

29 

4 

20. 

78 

^ 
< 

6 

21. 

77 

76 

1 

22. 

77 

54 

4 

23. 

77 

32 

7 

24. 

77 

11 

3 

25. 

76 

80 

26. 

76 

58 

6 

27. 

76 

37 

3 

28. 

76 

16 

29. 

75 

84 

7 

30. 

75 

63 

7 

Dec    1. 

75 

42 

6 

2. 

75 

21 

6 

3. 

75 

7 

4. 

74 

70 

5. 

74 

49 

2 

6. 

74 

28 

4 

7. 

74 

8 

8. 

73 

77 

3 

9. 

73 

56 

7 

10. 

73 

36 

.3 

11. 

73 

16 

12. 

72 

85 

5 

13. 

72 

65 

3 

14. 

72 

45 

2 

15. 

72 

25 

16. 

72 

5 

17. 

71 

74 

7 

18. 

71 

55 

19. 

71 

35 

1 

20. 

71 

15 

2 

21. 

70 

85 

4 

22. 

70 

65 

7 

23. 

70 

46 

1 

24. 

70 

26 

4 

25. 

70 

7 

dol.  90ths. 

8th8. 

4    70 

6 

4    69 

4 

4    68 

1 

4    66 

7 

4    65 

4 

4    64 

1 

4    62 

7 

4    61 

5 

4    60 

2 

4    59 

4    57 

6 

4    56 

3 

4    55 

1 

4    53 

7 

4    52 

5 

4    51 

2 

4    50 

7 

4    48 

6 

4    47 

4 

4    46 

2 

4    45 

4    43 

6 

4    42 

4 

4    41 

2 

4    40 

4    38 

6 

4    37 

6 

4    36 

3 

4    35 

1 

4    33 

7 

4    32 

5 

4    31 

4 

4    30 

2 

4    29 

4    27 

7 

4    26 

5 

4    25 

4 

4    24 

2 

4    23 

1 

4    21 

7 

4    20 

6 

4    19 

4 

4    18 

3 

30. 

w 

31. 

68 

71 

Jan.   1. 

68 

52 

(1778)   2. 

68 

32 

7 

3. 

68 

13 

7 

4. 

67 

85 

5. 

67 

66 

1 

6. 

67 

47 

2 

7. 

67 

28 

4 

8. 

67 

9 

7 

9. 

66 

81 

2 

10. 

66 

62 

6 

11. 

66 

44 

12. 

6S 

25 

6 

18. 

66 

7 

1 

14. 

66 

78 

6 

16. 

66 

60 

4 

16. 

65 

42 

2 

17. 

65 

24 

18. 

66 

6 

7 

19. 

64 

77 

7 

20. 

64 

59 

7 

21. 

64 

41 

7 

22. 

64 

24 

23. 

64 

6 

1 

24. 

63 

78 

3 

26. 

63 

60 

4 

26. 

63 

42 

7 

PAYMENT  OF  LOANS, 
dol  VMius.  Sths. 


dol.  Mbhs.  SUts. 


April 


26. 

51 

6 

3 

27. 

50 

75 

6 

28. 

50 

55 

0 

29. 

50 

34 

< 

30. 

50 

14 

4 

31. 

49 

84 

2 

1. 

49 

64 

2 

2. 

49 

44 

1 

3. 

49 

24 

1 

4. 

49 

4 

2 

5. 

48 

74 

4 

6. 

48 

54 

6 

7. 

48 

35 

1 

8. 

48 

15 

5 

9. 

47 

86 

2 

10. 

47 

66 

7 

11. 

47 

47 

5 

12. 

47 

28 

4 

13. 

47 

9 

3 

14. 

46 

80 

3 

15. 

46 

61 

3 

16. 

46 

42 

5 

17. 

46 

23 

6 

18. 

46 

5 

1 

19. 

45 

76 

5 

20. 

45 

38 

1 

21. 

45 

39 

6 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 
o 

2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 

2 
o 

2 

9 


:7 


1778. 
Hay 


PAYMENT  OF  LOANS, 
dol    SOttls.  Sths. 


dol.  90tbs.  SthH. 


July 


18. 

35 

1 

4 

19. 

34 

77 

3 

20. 

34 

63 

2 

21. 

34 

49 

2 

22. 

34 

35 

3 

23. 

34 

21 

4 

24. 

34 

7 

5 

25. 

33 

83 

7 

26. 

33 

70 

2 

27. 

33 

56 

4 

28. 

88 

43 

29. 

33 

29 

4 

80. 

83 

16 

1. 

83 

2 

5 

2. 

82 

79 

3 

8. 

32 

66 

1 

4. 

82 

58 

5. 

32 

89 

6 

6. 

32 

26 

5 

7. 

82 

13 

5 

8. 

32 

5 

9. 

31 

*77 

6 

10. 

81 

64 

7 

11. 

81 

52 

1 

12. 

31 

39 

3 

18. 

31 

26 

5 

14. 

31 

14 

2 
2 
2 
2 
2 

9 

2 
2 
2 
2 
2 


1778. 
Jnlr     i! 


PAYMENT  OP  LOANS, 
dol   90lha.  Sthe. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


lU. 

Z6 

lif 

0 

11. 

23 

68 

7 

12. 

23 

58 

1 

13. 

23 

47 

3 

14. 

23 

36 

5 

15. 

23 

26 

16. 

23 

15 

3 

17. 

23 

4 

7 

18. 

22 

84 

4 

19. 

22 

74 

20. 

22 

63 

5 

21. 

22 

53 

2 

22. 

22 

43 

23. 

22 

32 

6 

24. 

22 

22 

5 

25. 

22 

12 

4 

26. 

22 

2 

4 

27. 

21 

82 

3 

2S. 

21 

72 

4 

29. 

21 

62 

5 

30. 

21 

52 

6 

1. 

21 

43 

2. 

21 

33 

1 

3. 

21 

23 

3 

4. 

21 

13 

6 

5. 

21 

4 

1 

6. 

20 

84 

5 

7 

20 

75 

1 

PAYMENT  or  LOANS. 


dol    90ths.  StbB. 


dol.  90bhs.  Stbs. 


4. 

45 

48 

5. 

15 

40 

7 

6. 

15 

33 

7 

t. 

15 

26 

7 

8. 

15 

19 

7 

i» 

15 

13 

10. 

15 

6 

1 

11. 

14 

89 

2 

12. 

14 

82 

4 

13. 

14 

75 

6 

14. 

14 

69 

15. 

14 

62 

2 

16. 

14 

56 

4 

17. 

14 

48 

7 

18. 

14 

42 

3 

19. 

14 

35 

6 

20. 

14 

29 

2 

21. 

14 

22 

5 

22. 

14 

16 

2 

23. 

14 

9 

6 

24. 

14 

3 

3 

25. 

13 

87 

26. 

13 

80 

4 

27. 

13 

74 

2 

28. 

13 

68 

29. 

13 

61 

6 

30. 

13 

55 

4 

31. 

13 

49 

3 

PAYMENT  OP  LOANS, 
dol.   90bbH.  SlhS. 


dol.  90tba.  Stbs. 


^-x*  I  UO 


June 


25. 

7 

55 

7 

26. 

7 

53 

6 

27. 

7 

51 

4 

28. 

7 

49 

3 

29. 

7 

47 

1 

30. 

7 

45 

31. 

7 

42 

7 

1. 

7 

40 

6 

2. 

7 

38 

5 

3. 

7 

36 

4 

4. 

7 

34 

3 

5. 

7 

32 

2 

6. 

7 

30 

1 

7. 

7 

28 

8. 

7 

25 

7 

9. 

7 

23 

7 

10. 

7 

21 

6 

11. 

7 

19 

5 

12. 

7 

17 

5 

13. 

7 

15 

4 

14. 

7 

.  13 

4 

15. 

7 

11 

3 

16. 

7 

9 

3 

17. 

7 

1^ 
< 

3 

18. 

7 

5 

2 

19. 

7 

3 

*> 

20. 

7 

1 

2 

21. 

6 

89 

2 

22. 

6 

87 

2 

1779. 
July 


PATMENT  OF  LOANS, 
dot.   99bhs.  Sths. 


dol.  SOttaB.  Sthfl. 


June 


24. 

7 

58 

1 

25. 

7 

55 

7 

26. 

7 

53 

6 

27. 

7 

51 

4 

28. 

7 

49 

3 

29. 

47 

1 

30. 

45 

31. 

42 

7 

1. 

40 

6 

2. 

38 

5 

3. 

36 

4 

4. 

34 

3 

5. 

32 

2 

6. 

30 

1 

7. 

28 

8. 

25 

7 

9. 

23 

7 

10. 

21 

6 

11. 

19 

5 

12. 

17 

5 

13. 

15 

4 

14. 

.  13 

4 

15. 

11 

3 

16. 

9 

3 

17. 

7 

3 

18. 

5 

2 

19. 

3 

2 

20. 

1 

2 

21. 

6 

89 

2 

22. 

6 

87 

2 

1779. 
July 


PATMENT  OF  LOANS, 
do).   90ths.  Stbs. 


dot.  90thH.  8thB. 


Sept. 


18. 

5 

YZ 

b 

19. 

5 

71 

1 

20. 

5 

r,9# 

4 

21. 

67 

6 

22. 

5 

66 

1 

23. 

5 

64 

4 

24. 

5 

62 

7 

25. 

5 

61 

•> 

26. 

5 

59 

27. 

5 

58 

28. 

5 

56 

3 

29. 

5 

54 

6 

30. 

5 

53 

1 

31. 

5 

51 

4 

1. 

5 

50 

2. 

5 

48 

3. 

5 

•  46 

4. 

5 

44 

5. 

5 

42 

6. 

5 

40 

1 

7. 

5 

38 

1 

8. 

5 

36 

1 

9. 

5 

34 

2 

10. 

5 

32 

2 

11. 

5 

30 

0 

12. 

5 

28 

3 

13. 

5 

26 

4 

14. 

5 

24 

5 

15. 

5 

22 

5 

16. 

5 

20 

6 

1779. 
Sept.     25. 


PAYMENT  OF  LOANS, 
dol.   SOthB.  Sths. 


dol.  90th8.  Stha 


Dec. 


11. 

* 

xo 

12. 

14 

4 

13. 

13 

14. 

11 

4 

15. 

10 

16. 

8 

4 

17. 

t 

18. 

5 

5 

19. 

4 

1 

20. 

2 

5 

21. 

1 

2 

22. 

3 

89 

6 

23. 

3 

88 

2 

24. 

3 

86 

7 

25. 

3 

85 

4 

26. 

3 

84 

27. 

3 

82 

5 

28. 

3 

81 

1 

29. 

3 

79 

6 

30. 

8 

78 

3 

1. 

8 

77 

2. 

3 

75 

5 

3. 

3 

74 

2 

4. 

3 

72 

7 

5. 

3 

71 

4 

6. 

3 

70 

1 

7. 

3 

68 

6 

8. 

3 

67 

3 

PAYMENT  OP  U)ANS. 
dol.  SOCba.  SUiB. 


del.  SOtba.  Stha. 


3. 

2 

88 

3 

4. 

2 

87 

5. 

2 

86 

2 

6. 

2 

85 

1 

7. 

2 

84 

1 

S. 

9 

83 

9. 

2 

82 

10. 

2 

81 

11. 

2 

79 

7 

12. 

2 

78 

7 

13. 

2 

77 

7 

14. 

2 

76 

6 

15. 

2 

75 

6 

IB. 

2 

74 

6 

17. 

2 

73 

6 

18. 

2 

72 

6 

19. 

2 

71 

6 

20.^ 

2 

70 

5 

21. 

2 

69 

5 

22. 

2 

68 

5 

23. 

2 

67 

5 

24. 

2 

66 

6 

25. 

2 

65 

6 

26. 

2 

64 

6 

27. 

2 

63 

6 

28. 

2 

62 

6 

29. 

2 

61 

6 

ma  <^  vv^kl* 


^i\ 


PATMENT  OF  LOAN 


(lol.  SOths.  8lhs. 


<lol.  SOtbs.  Sths. 


Extract  from  the  jMiuuies. 

CHARLES  LEE,  Secretary. 


DONATION 


Military  Tracts  of  Land 

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794  DONATION   LANDS  TO 


EXPLANATIONS. 

ntau.  

Ist.  No.  75,  200  A's,  in  the  Ist  district.  There  are  two  surveys, 
one  indorsed  George  North,  Lt.,  which  is  entered  an 
the  general  draught.  The  other,  Wm.  McDonald,  Sergf  t; 
the  latter  is  included  in  the  former — they  are  both  en- 
tered in  this  book. 

2nd.  No.  1741,  200  A's,  in  the  1st  district.  The  survey  is  in- 
dorsed John  Organ,  Adm'r  of  Matthew  Organ,  dec'd,  on 
the  general  draft  this  indorsement  stands  reversed. 

3d.  Nos.  182  &  3  of  250  A's,  in  District  No.  2  are  entered  from 
the  indorsement  on  the  General  Draft.  From  erasures 
and  alterations  in  the  returns,  it  appears  that  a  mis- 
take was  committed  in  Patenting.  See  Record  Book 
No.  41,  pages  3  and  332.    Elias  Williams  Donation. 

4th.  No.  763,  in  the  4th  district.  There  are  two  surveys — one 
indorsed  Robt.  Parker,  Capt'n  Lt.,  28th  Feb'y,  1794, 
which  Is  entered  on  the  General  Draft.  The  other, 
John  Whiteman,  priv.,  14th  Sept.,  1790,  Mich'l  Hinder- 
liter,  Ass'e.    Whiteman's  is  indorsed  in  Parker's  return. 

5th.  No.  1161,  in  the  6th  District.  There  are  two  surveys — 
one  indorsed  Henry  Miller,  priv.,  19th  Oct.,  1786  (which 
appears  to  be  the  general  return).  The  other,  Michael 
Irick,  23rd  May,  1804;  the  latter  is  enclosed  in  the 
former.    They  are  both  entered  on  the  General  Draft. 

6th.  No.  1984,  in  the  10th  district.  There  are  two  surveys — 
the  one  indorsed  John  Wise,  25th  June,  1804,  which  cor- 
responds with  the  entry  on  the  General  Draft.  From 
a  note  on  this  survey  it  appears  that  the  genuine  return, 
which  was  patented  to  Jno.  Cummings,  had  been  lost — 
this  is  now  found.    Both  are  filed  in  their  proper  places. 


IN  THE  SECOND  DISTRICT. 


The  numbers  marked  thus,  S.,  are  in  what  is  called  the 
Struck  District. 

Those  marked  thus,  N.  Y.,  are  in  the  State  of  New  York. 

Those  marked  thus,  Pt.  N.  Y.,  are  part  in  New  York  and 
part  in  Pennsjrlvania. 

Thow  marintd  0UMU  **TtkaufiB"  are  in  the  Trlangie. 


THE  PENNSYLVANl; 


EXPLANATIONS. 

2Dd.  N0.1T41.  SOO  A'b,  in  tbe  1st  district.  The  survey  tt>  m- 
dorsed  Jobn  Orgaii,  adm'r  ol  Hattbew  Organ,  dec'd,  on 
the  general  draft;  tbls  indorsement  stands  reversed. 

iBt.  No.  76,  200  A's,  In  tbe  First  district.  Tbere  are  two  aur- 
vej-H.  One  Indorsed  George  North,  Lt.,  wblch  Is  en- 
tered on  the  General  Draft.  The  other,  Wm.  McDonald, 
Serg't;  the  latter  Is  Inclosed  in  (he  former— they  are 
both  entered  in  this  hook. 

5th.  No.  1161,  In  the  6th  district.  There  are  two  surveys-- 
one  Indorsed  Henry  Miller,  priv.,  19th  Oct,  ITSS  (which 
appears  to  be  the  genuine  return);  the  other,  Hicliael 
Irlch,  23  May,  1804 — tbe  latter  ts  Inclosed  In  the  former. 
They  are  both  entered  on  the  General  Draft. 

3d.  Nos.  IS2  A  3  of  250  A's,  In  District  No.  2,  are  entered 
from  the  Indorsement  on  the  General  Draft.  From 
erasures  and  alterations  on  the  returns,  It  appears  that 
a  mistake  was  commuted  In  patenting.  See  Record 
Book  No.  41,  pages  3  &  332.  "Ellas  Williams  Dona- 
tion." 

6tli.  No.  1984,  in  the  10th  district.  There  are  two  surTeys— 
one  Indorsed  Jobn  Wise,  25  June.  1S01.  which  cor- 
responds with  the  entry  on  the  General  Draft.  From  a 
note  on  this  survey.  It  appears  that  the  genuine  return, 
wblch  was  patented  to  Jno.  Cummlngs,  had  been  lost — 
this  Is  now  found.  Both  are  found  in  their  proper 
places. 

4th.  No.  763,  In  the  4tb  district  There  are  two  surveys. 
One  Indorsed  "Robt.  Parker,  Capfn  Lt,  28  Feb'y.  1794, 
which  la  entered  on  the  General  Draft.  The  other, 
John  Whiteman.  Priv.,  14  Sep'r,  1790.  Mlch'l  Hinder- 
liter.  Ass'e.    Whlleman's  Is  inclosed  In  Parker's  return. 


IN  THE  SECOND  DISTRICT. 

Tbe  numbers  marked  thus,  S.,  are  in  what  ts  called  tbe 
Strnck  District. 

Those  marked  thus,  N.  T..  are  in  the  SUte  of  New  York. 

Those  marked  thus,  Pt  N.  T.,  are  part  In  New  York  and 
part  In  PennsrlTanla. 

Those  marked  thns,  "Triangle."  are  In  the  Triangle. 


INDEX. 


Alllsrin.  Jarnes,  i 

AHbton,  Capt.  William,  company  fines,   &-f 

BeavfT,  Capt,  Jacob,  company  fines Ill 

Behny.  Capt.  Melchlor,  company  fineb l&T 

Bell.  Capt.  .\rthur.  company  fines IM,  1ST 

Bonner,  Capl.  Francis,  company  lines SI,  7S,  77 

Bowman,  Capt.  Oeorse,  company  flnes IdS 

Bradley,  Capt.  DanliO,  company  fines 150, 165,  167,  168 

Brown.  Capt.  Michael,  company  fines 160 

Cable,   [Gable]  Capt.  Benjamin,  company  fines 61.74 

Campbell.  Charles,  accounts  ot 131 

Campbell,  Capt.  Robert,  company  fines 86,  RT 

Carl.  Capt.  Michael,  company  fines n 

Clare.   Capt,   31mon.  company  fines,   r-1 

Clunie,   Capt.   James,   company   flnet IBS 

Cochran,  Capt.  Samuel,  company  fines 1S1|  lEe,  158,  IBS 

Cochran,  William,  accounts  of ICT 

Colmery,  Capt.  John,  company  fines 86. 8T 

Comfort.  Capt.  Jacob,  company  fines «.■>.  M 

Cook.  Kdwani,  accounts  of 122 

Coombe.   Rdward.  accounts  of 3S.  Jl 

Coulston.  Capt.   William,  company  fines 74,76,81 

Craln.  Cajit.  Ambrose,  company  flees 160 

CulbcrtBiin.   Robert,  accounts  of Si 

Davliis.m.  Hueh.  accounts  of 27 

Dickson.   Jan 
Dill.  Matth^v 

Doddii,  Capt.   William,  company  fines 48,73.76,79 

Ehrman.  Capt.  John,  company  fines 65.  97.  lOg 

Klllot.  CaiJl.  Jamt-s.  company  fines S7,  88 

Rnsmln^er.  Capt.  Peter,  company  fines IBl,  152 

Ford.  Caiit.   Peter,  company  fines 97,  :!2 

Piireman,  Capt.  Andrew,  company  fines 91 

Fry.  Capt.  Oodtrey,  company  fines 113 

Qiestman,  Capt.  ,  company  fines 9S 

aouM,  Capt.  Thomas,  company  fines T7,  81 

Hahn.  Capt.  Michael,  company  fines,   .   ..   ffi,  97,  114 

(797) 


I 


Holderbaum,   ^.api.  j»iicu«m;i,  v,v/>«>^w,..^    , 

Holliday,  William,  accounts  uf 

Immel.   Capt.   Leonard,   company   fines , 

Johnston,  Capt.  William,  company  fines,   ... 
Koppenhaver,  (^apt.  Simon,  company  fines, 

Krause,  Capt.  David,  company  fines 

L«auman,  Capt.  Christopher,  company  fines. 
Liggett,   Capt.    Alexander,   company   fines,    , 

Lime,  Capt  Michael,  company  fines,  

Long.  Capt.  George,  company  fines 

Lower,  Capt.  George,  company  fines 

Lochry,  Archibald,  accounts  of 

McAllister,   Richard,  accounts  of,    

McCallen,  Capt.  Robert,  company  fines,   ... 

McCIean,  Alexander,  accounts  of 

McCIure,  Capt.  Jonathan,  company  fines,  .. 

McIIvain,  Capt.  John,  company  fines, 

McKee,  Capt.  Robert,  company  fines,  

McMasters,  Capt.  John,  company  fines 

McMulIan,  Capt.  Greorgre,  company  fines,   ... 

McQueen,  Capt.  David,  company  fines 

Marshall,  James,  accounts  of 

Martin,  James,  accounts  of 

May.  Capt.  David,  company  lines 

Meily,  Capt.  Jacob,  company  fines 

Moore,  Capt.  Henry,  company  fines 

Morrison.  Hance,   accounts  of 

Nisbet,  Capt.  Alexander,  company  fines,   ... 

O'Blaines,  Capt.  John,  company  fines 

Orth,  Capt.  John,  company  fines 

Orth.  Capt.  Balzer,  company  fines 


INDKX.  7f9 

Pollock.  Capl.  JoBejih,  company  flnea 86,87 

Rankin,   Cai.t     John,   company  flnes 5J 

Rpigharcl,  Capi.  Ji>hn,  company  flnea l&S 

Ritchio,  MatthKiv.  accnuntfl  of Ii3 

RobinBoii.  Capt.  — — — .  company  flnea 159 

ScoK.  WllUnm.  acountM  of 58 

Shaffer.  Capt.  John,  r'jmpany  fines. *9 

Shaeffer,  CajH.  Heiiry,  rnmpany  fines 163,  IH 

Sherrer.  Capt.  Jobn.  company  flneB,   97 

Rherrftz.  Capt.  Conrad,  company  flnea 91 

ShnulHei-.  Capt.  Valentine,  company  flnep IBS 

Speecr.  Capt.  Peter,  company  fines 77,  78,  81 

Stevensun,  Robert,  accounts  of 16 

Steever.   Capt.   Casper,   company   flnes IBB 

Stocktr.n.  Capt.  David,  company  fines Kl 

Stonp,  Capt.  Jnhn,  company  lines 165 

Swan,  Capt,   Richard,  company  flnes 168 

I'rp.   Thomas,   acounts   of 26 

Wall.  Capt,  William,  company  fines 110 

White,  Capt.  Thomas,  company  flnes 97 

Williams,  Capt.  Daniel,  company  flnea 48,74 

Wills,  ("apt.  Martin,  company  floes.   91 

Wilson.  Capt.  Andrew,  company  flnes 76 

Wilson.  Capt.  David,  company  flnes 74 

WIlBon,  I'ajil,  James,  company  fines 160 


V 


