975.2 

N31t 

1753285 


REYNC 

GENEAI 


sUDS  S-MSTORICAL 
_OGY  COLLECTION 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2016 


https://archive.org/details/terramariorthreaOOneil 


T ERRA  MaRI^; 

f f'A  a.  r -i-|  ( ^ H 


OR 


THREADS  OF  MARYLAND  COLONIAL  HISTORY. 


EDWARD  D.  NEILL. 


«!«r.  OF  THE  SECRETARIES  OF  THE  PRESIEEM  OF  THE  EMTED  STATES. 


?7ec  fa\ 


:a,  dicere, 


•eticere. 


PHILADELPHIA: 

J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT  & CO. 

I 807. 


17S32S5 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congi-ess,  in  the  jcar  1867,  l»y 
EDWARD  D.  NEILL, 

In  the  Clerk’s  OlTice  of  tlie  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the 
District  of  Colninhia. 


! 


A 


GEORGE  PEABODY, 

A native  of  the  Alassachusetts  Colony; 
Preferring  the  title  of  American  Citizen,  and 
Friend  of  the  London  Poor, 

To  Heraldic  Honors  from  a noble  Oueen ; 

Known  as  the  princely  patron  of  Literature  in  his  native 
land,  especially  in  the 

City  of  Baltimore, 

Where  he  passed  many  years  of  early  manhood ; 
and  as  a patriot  above  sectional  prejudice ; 

This  Little  Work 

Is  inscribed  by  a stranger^ 

Whose  paternal  ancestors  dwelt  in  the 
Colony  of  Marvland. 


I 


WM^ 


''  ' ;4' 


s i. ..."'  f 

‘m  • ■« 


OT 


,7aO(!r.-n  ,»>5,03  3 ■ ; 

;vooKO  tssKUibw**!/.  srfj  ~io  svJtRrt  A 

ba.' 

^.,vo"r  ncivfjo.l  ?#Vlb\bn3hl 
ni'ion  u a;v:r>  ■' 

„ :m  51.-..V  -i,.i  ^0  "■*’ 

^•■*  i'l  .’  ■ ; g;v‘ 

* '4."- 

>=  aii?viT:i- A iJ  Y'rjJ 

; Wiwm  /rr.'*  nw'i  V»:eni  !:^Ac^cq  sH  ^ 

. loii3Kt|  fe 

:,  <t’,7/  .ijT/i.I  e'lil 
. , /\^:. ti  \V'Av\il’’A  cV 
o43  fli-  J:lOlfc->OfTJ6  ir.fH'JJcq  azoliw 

,tni.i'**Tb »4  J*'*  7n'.')^o.J 


Preface 


LDMIXON,  when  he  wrote  the  history  of  the 
British  Colonies  in  America,  more  than  a 
hundred  and  fifty  years  ago,  complained  that 
he  had  failed  to  obtain  the  information  sought,  relative 
to  the  Maryland  Colony. 

Chalmers,  a Scotch  lawyer  in  Baltimore  City,  re- 
turning to  England  after  the  revolutionary  struggle 
began,  in  his  general  colonial  history,  commenced  at 
the  suggestion  of  Sir  John  Dalrymple,  supplied  to  some 
extent  the  dcficieney.  Bozman,  in  the  present  cen- 
tury, has  done  valuable  service  in  bringing  to  light  old 
H'cords,  but  in  condemning  the  bigotry  of  an  intolerant 
age,  himself,  a.->  is  too  often  tiie  case,  becomes  unchari- 
table. iMcMahon,  an  able  jurist,  has  presented,  in 
clear,  concise  language,  a valuable  historical  view  of 
the  Government  of  Maryland,  and  the  only  regret,  after 
reading  it,  is  that  the  author  did  not  publish  another 
volume,  as  was  contemplated.  MeSherry,  the  last  of 
the  historians  of  the  State,  adds  much  concerning  the 
revolutionary  })criod  and  the.  present  century,  but  views 
subjf'cts  too  much  frr.m  a denominational  stand- point. 

I*  (V) 


Mifj  to  M.-'hid  sill  nd  A^tV/r  .VCOZl UfKl 

/■.  iiciiJ  010U1  k ni  ?.Si.'iolvO  (libi'iU 

jsdl  ijjnlidq/nuo  ,oS#  ii  " 
ovl)u)«  .»dg«o«  iio.J  '.'.r'-'iji  oili  .i'ftJdo  oj  feolist  bovi  .m1 

-■^1  ,vtiC'  tii  v'v.vfftl  u-ii'r'-'  « ^.-MtoUrfO 

oIaT('im«  rt::'ioiiu!<>  vri  <>flr  T)»tn  b««i3(T3  oi  gaimw 
)«  boon'.ino.oo  .•J-ioi  irl  I'b«o|u-j  Icr.n.a  fid  m 
omof.01  b'>;bi<toi  m!..t tiK  to noilfoTs^jo^  »i)l 

-i'.o  tn-f-.K!  '.(I;  ni  .itmiiJfit  ./oiiot-ibb  ..t!J  iiio>7-» 

bill  .'iisil  »1  jii  )»  ■>!();, ul«v  stioblml  ,'n;t 

Ti!tf!t.iJ»iii  nf;o  yiuM-rtobiio^  HI  t«d  kino-j-n 

-nmt  ;iU'  .'»•.«•)  O'll  .J'  lto  OoJ  "!  f.o  .HTjU- 

..i  .b'MvW'i  fc*n!  !>Wft  u«_,n<Hl»iUol<  MiUt 

1„  «.it»  Itoiiolaid  oldimU./  '■ 

•I  ,ltfi  7lno  ai.'t  b-  n ,br..:tviid^  to, 

1 iftJ'.'OU  ilfililmj  Jon  bib  H'diHS  odi  Jfjrii  it  ,li  S**'''*'*'* 

to  fi.M  toil  ,7noiia»l/.  >il»«iino)H09  i-.it « se  .oiiiulov 
t.-.l)  v-Jiin-noo}  lioHiii  ai-bs  , ■.!«)»  »iU  "lo  f'lfijotfiil  oi!) 
vv;  ,i-i  Jiiii  .-n.ifii-v'  to  --..■iq  -.'dt  bit«  bt>h;>M  •na.K.itiilo vi 

« i.iott  rf'iiim  (><rt 


VI 


FKKFACK. 


When  not  employed  in  official  duties  at  the  Execu- 
tive Mansion,  it  has  been  a recreation  to  visit  the  Capi- 
tol, and  pushing  by  the  jostling'  throng,  constantly 
shuffling  over  the  marble  tiles  of  the  rotunda,  to  hasten 
jnto  the  quiet  alcoves  of  the  noble  library  of  Congress, 
there  to  rummage  the  folios  of  Strafford,  Wiinvood, 
Kennett,  Rnshworth,  Thurloe,  and  Journals  of  the 
House  of  Lords  and  Commons,  the  quarto  volumes  of 
Fuller,  Anthony  Wood,  and  Hazard,  also  not  the  less 
valuable  because  smaller,  the  Calendar  of  British  State 
Papers,  the  publications  of  the  Camden  Society,  the 
Somers  and  Force  Historical  Tracts,  and  numerous 
other  valuable  works  of  reference.  As  the  result  of 
this  turning  over  of  pages,  numberless  as  the  leaves 
of  autumn,  I have  picked  out  a few  threads  of  the 
colonial  history  of  Maryland  which  I had  never  seen 
before,  and  as  they  were  interesting  to  me,  I have 
thought  they  might  please  the  public.  It  affords  me 
pleasure  to  take  this  opportunity,  to  acknowledge  the 
courtesy  I have  received  from  the  librarian  and  his 
assistants  in  my  investigations. 

K.  D.  N. 


A.sacostan  Ridge, 

nenr  Washington,  D.  C , 
Februiuy  ], 


; i' 


1 


t 

1 

i 


Contents. 


CHAPTER  FIRST. 

George,  First  Lord  Baltimore. 

CHAPTER  SECOND. 

Cecilius,  Second  Lord  Baltimore,  and  the  Formative 
Period  of  the  Colony. 

CHAPTER  THIRD. 

Dilficulties  with  Virginians,  and  those  arising  from  the 
Civil  War  in  England. 

CHAPTER  FOURTH. 

J he  Advent  of  the  Friends,  and  their  Influence. 

CHAPTER  FIFTH, 
huundary  Disputes. 


( ) 


,p  iivaaTMoO 

* -'-a/l?'/ V''  f ,‘;V’'  -,i  , - ^• 

, . ..■  ’ V , -•  V'-,^‘‘''  ''■ivi'lVt,-’!;  • 

'•■  ' ' '.f  iw-‘  - 'A'-Av';^;y\iri'5V 


' y.. 


TaAi.H  5iai‘iAHa.„ 

,«o«ifjiiia  bioJ  Jnia  ,'>3To»0 


:?v 


.-IJ  t««  .^«<n«!.a  broa 


arfj 


.aau-n  aara/sHO 

.bnelanH  iii  bvi'J 


.ti  i auo'^  saTSAH'J 


.iirar'i  «3ti/-.ho 


viii 


COS  TENTS. 


CHAPTER  SIXTH. 

Revolution  of  1689,  the  Established  Church,  and  Presby- 
• terianism. 

^ CHAPTER  SEVENTH. 

Society  during  the  Eighteenth  Century,  and  Causes  which 
led  to  Union  with  other  Colonies  in  a Declaration  of. 
Independence. 

I 

j ■ CHAPTER  EIGHTH. 

! Brief  Sketch  of  the  Proprietaries. 


‘ .tiTXI3  A'AT^PMO  ► 

■v  "' •■/''•■'•  bnr,  .d">nuKO  '^‘■“'  iXii:5jIovi3/l 


.f:i;:ns,n97 


.iVr  AT^m  HolTHAHO 

2V'UkO  bi!;.  .) 

’h.  ;!;  i;i.:tl?oCl  ^ 2':;b;uic  J jImw  rfTiiinU  03  iis*! 


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[ 


TERRA  MARLE. 


CHAPTER  J. 

THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE. 

ORlvSHIRE,  three  centuries  ago,  was  a 
Remote  county,  in  the  north  of  England, 
and  under  favorable  circumstances,  a 
six  days’  journey  from  London  was  necessary 
to  reach  irs  wooded  mountain  slopes  and  bar- 
ren moors.  WTiilc  the  Cathedral  of  York  was 
then,  as  now,  justly  admired  for  its  lofty  tower, 
and  as  the  largest  and  finest  in  the  whole  king- 
dom,  the  hamlets  were  few;  Leeds  numbered 
four  or  five  thousand  poor  fullers  and  weavers, 
and  Slicfiield  was  ‘‘a  singularly  miserable  place, 
containing  about  two  thousand  inhabitants,  of 
whom  a third  were  lialf-starved  and  half-naked 
beggars.’’^ 


(D) 


Macaulay. 


lPf:H 


" ' ff  “'  4- 

S',  "'l^aaT^AHO^:^,^ 

k 


/?y*' 



'^oMiTaAa‘a«o j • nim  awr  ;. 

'■  U*f 


I,  , “ \bn«1:|f!a  'to  rfJtoo.arft*^  slonm 

iyiiiif  «'-'’;soo(m)8<no3ira'  aldfliovil  tabiui  bn®  ^ 


^ Mitifc/roJT  inoi^  ^c^nuroi 

bttii  a^><;jok  Hi%tffpni"iJyjboq  Mm 

l «uw  j(ioY  ‘to^iunh^AirflO  axft  , 

i i^i  Iwiflibu  ^„f 

to  ^ oift  ril  >aontl  I)nn 

b*i«dt«Qa  i->>iSi 

hm  mSM  ioaq'-f>fM»«oiW  «’<“  '’®  | 


rt?jr 


(«) 


r^j  . 


10 


TERRA  MARLE. 


The  yeomaiirv,  however,  though  rude  and 
coarse,  were  brave  aud  honest,  and  a few  an- 
cient families  scattered  among  them,  were  equal 
in  talents  and  culture  with  any  in  the  country, 
among  whom  were  the  Fairfaxes,^  "Wentworths,^ 
and  Calverts,  all  of  whom  have  remote  descend- 
ants in  the  United  States  of  America. 

George  Calvert,  the  first  Lord  Baltimore,  was 


1 William  Fairfax,  for  a time  Governor  of  the  Bahamas,  after- 
ward held  office  under  the  Crov,-n  in  New  England,  and  here  he 
married  his  second  wife  at  Salem,  Massachusetts.  Invited  by 
his  relative,  bond  Fairfax,  to  take  charge  of  liis  estates,  he 
moved  to  the  vicinity  of  Mount  Vernon.  He  had  two  sons,  of 
whom  the  younger,  the  llev.  Bryan  Fairfax,  became  the  eighth 
Lord  Fairfax.  The  present  representative,  Charles,  lives  in 
California,  and  liis  brother.  Dr.  John  Fairfax,  in  Maryland,  a 
few  miles  from  Washington.  AVashington,  in  a letter  to  the 
Earl  of  Buchan,  April  20ih,  1793,  says: 

“The  family  of  Fairfax,  of  which  you  speak,  is  also  related 
to  me.  * * * * What  remains  of  the  old  stock  are  near 

neighbors  to  my  estate  of  Mount  Vernon.  The  late  Lord  Thomas 
Fairfax,  with  wliom  I was  perfectly  acquainted,  at  a distance  of 
sixty  miles  from  me,  after  he  had  removed  from  Belvoir,  the  seat 
of  his  kinsman,  which  adjoins  m}'  estate  just  mentioned,  and  is 
going  to  be  inhabited  by  a younger  member  of  the  family  as 
soon  as  the  house,  which  was  smuc  years  ago  burnt  down,  can 
be  rebuilt.” 

3 William  Wentworth,  a member  of  this  old  Yorksliire  family, 
emigrated  to  New  Hampshire  about  the  time  that  Leonard  Cal- 
vert came  to  Maryland.  His  descendants  were  John,  Benning, 
Sir  John,  all  Colonial  Governors,  .John,  a member  of  the  Conti- 
nental Congress  : anJ  Jidm,  member  of  the  Tliirty  ninth  Con- 
gress from  Ciiieago,  Illinois,  is  also  of  the  same  family. 


THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE. 


11 


the  sou  of  Leonard  Calvert  ^ and  his  wife,  Alice 
Croxall,  and  was  born  at  Kipling. 

AVhen  only  eleven  years  of  age,  in  1593,  he 
entered  Trinity  College,  Oxford,  and  in  four 
years  became  a Bachelor  of  Arts.  As  a student 
lie  displayed  a fondness  for  literature,  and  before 
lie  graduated,  a poem  from  his  pen,  an  elegy 
upon  the  death  of  Henry  Hnton,^  English  Am- 
bassador at  the  Court  of  France,  was  published. 

As  was  customary  after  leaving  college,  he 
made  a tour  to  the  Continent,  and  upon  his 
return  married,  and  became  the  clerk  of  Sir 
liobcrt  Cecil,  Earl  of  Salisbury.  In  this  way  he 
was  brought  into  the  presence,  and  attracted  the 
attention  of,  the  half-crazed,  half-pedant  mon- 
arch, King  James.  In  1605,  on  the  occasion  of 
the  King  visiting  the  University  of  Oxford,  he 
received  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 

lie  was  frec|aently  sent  abroad  on  public  busi- 
ness, and  having  returned  from  Paris,  he  wrote 
on  ^larch  the  tenth,  1610,  tlie  following  chatty 


* Leonard  Calvert,  of  Yorkshire,  the  father  of  Lord  lialti- 
rnore,  although  not  one  of  the  nobility  of  Llnglaud,  appears  to 
have  been  a very  respectable  person.  Eleanor  Calvert,  of  Mount 
.■Viry,  Maryland,  the  granddaughter  of  Benedict.  Calvert,  was 
married  to  John  Parke  Custis,  the  son  of  Mrs.  George  Wasli- 
ington  by  a former  husband.  The  Hon.  Charles  Calvert,  of  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  lately  deceased  at  Kiversdale,  Mary- 
land, near  Washington,  was  also  a descendant.  All  of  the 
American  f.uaily  have  a b-iton  in  their  coat  of  arms 
- Lnion,  a brave  and  much-esteemed  Ambassador. 


i-'U.,tfrrJC;;-H;5}«^  nwi^vr  bfl*wH*ieotO (1^ 


# •«'  -.■'  f^tr  'fill 


(jS-^,boa«iWijq  ^r  ^ ^ ^ 

t>a  to  7lisl0*’9<ft  Ol(IKO®4,>0«  - ’ 

*'  ^>j..wtw-p-«'i^’’?  J'f  .•'■■;^^  ,.jj 

*ciomn.iAlwq-itjiit  ,i>«<m-ti«rf  od<^ 


fO  ilviKIW.^'-^  ^“■‘*  T f ii,' . „*  ' , 

' o?!b?Sv:OnS'%te.ov^«i0‘» 

= lBhAto'iot^iM-i%o&->:^b9(iilmi^ 

dKutopqnot^idA  np 


,.,  Vi'wo-  ^^«-«». 

|L  wi»U.  ti-.M»1rll»&'w»»»i3  . .n^p  ^Wui:>y  '■  | 


- ; 


12 


TERRA  MAR  RE. 


letter  to  Sir  Thomas  Edmondes,  then  resident 
as  Ambassador : 

“But  that  I could  not  let  pass  any  servant  of 
your  own,  without  saluting  you,  I should  per- 
haps have  stayed  a few  days  longer  for  more 
matter;  desiring,  together  with  the  advertise- 
ment of  my  safe  arrival,  to  let  your  Lordship 
understand  the  state  of  our  Court  here,  our 
country,  and  our  friends. 

“But  I am  yet  but  a stranger,  and  know  little, 
and  besides,  the  extraordinary  good  usage  I re- 
ceived from  your  Lordship  and  your  worthy 
Lady,  which  I preach  to  all  my  friends  here; 
with  that  acknowledo-ment  which  it  deserveth, 
hath  so  debauched  me,  as  my  spirits  are  still 
with  you,  and  I cannot  yet  well  draw  them  from 
the  Faubourg  of  St.  Germain,  to  intend  any- 
thing here. 

“I  arrived  in  England,  at  Ilythe,  in  Kent, 
upon  Saturday  last,  late  at  night,  having  been 
six  days  and  one  night  at  sea,  with  foul  weather, 
and  upon  Sunday  I came  hitlier,  where  I was 
not  unwelcome  nor  unlooked  for,  as  I perceived. 
I presently  went  to  the  Court  and  delivered  your 
dispatch.  I found  my  Lord  in  a disposition  calm 
a!id  sweet,  using  me  with  that  favorable  respect 
wherewith  he  is  pleased  to  grace  those  poor  ser- 
vants he  makes  account  of. 

“He  read  not  your  letter  presently,  being  at 
that  time  in  liand,  as  it  seemed,  with  some  otlier 


A'M.vaKtt  KftROT'.  ' 

1, •»>'.■  '■>  -^'  A ^ ‘-vv '•  ‘•'■‘•i.  '.  ■ 

' ■'■  ■ - _.  , ;K-  . . . ' ' 

*to  v^a  ti  f>ltK>o  I i/ttij 

.'io<|  bliiOifJ  I ^nwo  wo^ 

^Toxri ‘'loli  “j ncJ  .*?>*/ wdi  li  - 

dtm  loifio'got  ,'s/inf*t^^b  nottam 
qhUlhoJ  'ifiJ  oi  /inrrnu  fihs  y,m  Jo 
•tao  fOidd  I’inoO  ‘iwo  iO  9d:t  iufiita^'fdvnw 

,#*{)(!  >J  li  'I {JO  blfM  ,Vt)0lK>‘J 

.^hiil  r/otrj  hnn  c 3vd  lor  im  X 

■ai  I Jhk^^  7;jftjf{bnoj{iJxo  *>if^  bn* 

Tib'fO'/  ‘luov  biJiJ  qidi'irio.f  iijoy  500*11  bovrdO 
;6r£&f{  fcbnohl  rm  ila  *.>)  ihmiq  I //Jjjivl 
fi  doiit>r  Jn^m^hol  /^ofvAon  fmii  Him 
Hit^  &'iu  ^ihr<|a  vm  .Hn  f>oif‘>natfob  os  HlaH 
mofl  xn<)d?  wfiib  Ihor  lor  lotutno  I b/ia  ^nOT  Him 
-^rni  bao1(ti  o1  ^uiininoi;)  .1^4  )o  oift 

jn.}\  fd  .odtrll  in  ,bafd^(di  ui  byvrn^ 
ii'X’H  ^niviiil  Ui  otal  vab-udaB  noqo 

/i0ib indi  Hjr/f  ,m<  ux  id-^in  guo  faia  K'^/sb  yJa 
aav/  I ftio.jvr  ,roihid  ^fru:o  1 vabafiS  noqn  bna 
.bvvio:)'0jq  1 aa,7ol  boHooiiU)  ion  omOoloY/niJ  1o« 

^>Hj  o-I  Urr/r  yJino»07(j 

nHiS‘>  nofi?j^|afb  vat  fuujot  f"  afolcjpib 

rfif%7  0{'H  hm 

-jouq  '-aoHI  ->  b“^>«*dq  f;f  od  HJmoioHw 

;io  so>hun  Oil  «5lniiv 

Ji;  ,vi  r/mo!  icov  kui  ]>ntn  oli 

•tk^Hto  onto?*  .fhi.Y/  a '■'.»,■:■»?  Jf  <?ii  oi  oaiii  laHi 


THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE. 


13 


dispatch;  neither  had  I any  other  speech  with 
him,  of  your  Lordship,  than  that  he  asked  me, 
liow  you  did?;  when  I remembered  your  service 
to  him.  He  dismissed  me  for  that  night  because 
it  was  very  late,  and  since  I have  seen  him  but 
oficc;  for  the  next  day  lie  went  to  Hatfield,  and 
from  thence  is  gone  to  the  King  at  Royston,  and 
to  Audley  End,  where  my  Lord  Chamberlain  is 
at  this  present,  and  returns  again  hither  within 
tliese  tiiree  days,  as  I understand.  * * * 

“I  had  forgotten  to  put  with  the  news  of  the 
Clergy,  a famous  conversion  of  a revolted  min- 
ister of  our  Church,  Mr.  Tlieophilus  Higgins,^ 
wlio,  your  Lordship  may  remember,  fled  from 
England  to  Brussels  some  three  or  four  years 
since,  and  was  undertaken  by  Sir  Edward  Hoby, 
wlio  wrote  an  LVnti-IIiggins,’  answered  after- 
wards, as  I take  it,  in  part  or  in  whole  by  my 
Lady  Lovell. 


* TheopLilus  Higgins,  at  the  age  of  fourteen,  in  1592,  went 
to  Oxford,  and  received  an  A.M.  in  IGUO.  Was  a good  Latin 
poet.  Preached  at  St.  Dunstan’s,  Loudon,  and  was  very  popu- 
lar, Under  Jesuit  influence,  joined  tiie  Church  of  Home,  and 
spent  two  years  at  Douay.  He  published  his  reasons  for  th-e 
change  in  1000,  in  a pamphlet  called  bis  “First  Motive  to  Ad- 
here to  the  Roman  Church.” 

The  sermon  alluded  to  in  Calvert’s  letter  was  published  witli 
this  title ; 

“Sermon  at  St.  Paul  Cross,  March  Od,  IGIO,  on  Eph.  ii.  4, 
5.  0,  T,  In  Testimony  of  his  hearty  Reunion  with  the  Church  ut 
iuigl.-uid,  and  ]jis  Iieartv  Submission  thereto.  London,  loll.” 


.^:  ■ Y,  p,  : h'l  ) 

. ,.■'  V ' . '■  ■:;  ;,;  ,V’^ ‘H.  ’■»'>  fJ'ni  i 

, , , r ' , ; ; ; ; ■ - , ■ . ^ , ; ‘ ' V/ ; M 

■ ' ' ■ ' : ■'■;  I'  '.  ' Atihl  ^'1 


; ; ! ' J i ' i 


I /'■^-  .il:'';ii.ii’..)  '5;,.i>  *•>  v\>  •./  • -’ 

]r.>  n v;  :'i  nirn/  ..jb;  | ;,; 

I ■/  ,*'  '!>/  i.  'U‘>  i ‘‘ixi  -slS'flt':.  J’l i'i  o)  4 i 

; U ''m;:'//!  - ' -iiA  htrn  ban  1"'  - S 

. I ! 'i\l..'  »);>  inl'lf  ‘'ffi! 

;:  ,•!  ■ ■ i A';',  :-r  ,‘i  '.'./liit  I aji  4" 

....  '■< 

“ ' ■ ^ ^ ^ >,  , 

’ :■•'  >’''■■  !*;'  ':  '■'■  ■'■//..  ''!  rtiJ^Mi^.?C' t • ' 

' ,.  i'  . u'  ''’  '-•  * 1' 

.'■  ,V'  , .■  - 'i  ' 'A.r:.A  .-v^-  1 ■ . ': 

;.  ■ . , I ■ r,  A n^'i,  :- 

■,.;  .r  ^ . ,.,  . ,,,!  I,  :!'  / 7 T V,' ( . ,,, 

...,:  . • .■,(/.  ^ ■ A ' -.!)■*.<  n 01  ,U'’’''^  '•'  •' 

. :■  ".»i  : Ti/ti  <1  ••'1».>‘U«AI  ? o»l  '?!■'>  „J 


14 


TERRA  MAR  EE. 


‘‘This  Mr.  Iliggins,  npon  Sunday  last,  the 
day  of  my  arrival,  preached,  at  Paul’s  Cross,  his 
penitential  sermon,  when  were  present  my  Lord 
Treasurer,  and  divers  other  Lords  of  the  Coun- 
cil, besides  an  infinite  number  of  all  sorts  of 
people.  The  self-same  day  was  born  to  Sir  Ed- 
ward Hoby^  a son  and  heir,  inasmuch  as  he 
saith  he  will  bless  that  day  for  the  birth  of  two 
children,  a spiritual  and  temporal;  for  natural 
I dare  not  say,  though  perliaps  more  proper  for 
this  division,  because  this  word  sometimes  re- 
ceives a base  interpretation. 

“And  yet  himself  said,  as  I hear,  as  soon  as 
the  midwife  brought  him  his  son  to  see  him, 
that  ‘it  was  a ^oodlv  child,  God  bless  him!  and 
wonderfully  like  his  father,  whosoever  he  were.'  ” 

In  a few  months  Calvert  was  made  the  Clerk 
of  the  Privy  Council,  and  soon  became  a favorite 
attendant  of  James  the  First,  and  accompanied 
him  to  Royston.  “In  his  journey,’'  saith  one, 
“Calvert,  Clerk  of  the  Council,  is  settled  about 
him,  and  is  wholly  employed  in  reading  and 
writirm'.” 

During  tliis  journey  of  Idl  1 James  commenced 
the  tractate  anathematizing  Vorstius,  the  succes- 


^ Hoby  was  educated  at  Oxford,  and  knighted  in  lo82.  He 
was  a well-read  man.  The  title  of  (he  i»:unphlct  alluded  to  as 
“Anti-inggins,"  v.as:  “A  Letter  to  Mr.  Tlien])bilus  Ilygons, 
late  Minister,  now  a Fugitive,  in  answer  to  liis  First  Motive.” 
He  died  in  101  (j.  . 


THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE. 


15 


SOI*  of  Arm'milis  in  the  University  of  Leyden, 
which  was  VTitten  out  and  completed  by  Cal- 
vert. In  consequence  of  his  acquaintance  wutli 
foreign  languages,  ho  was  also  at  this  time  in- 
trusted with  the  Italian  and  Spanish  correspojid- 
ence,  a position  under  the  Commonwealth  occu- 
pied hy  John  Milton. 

Another  correspondent  writes  to  a friend 
abroad  under  date  of  February  the  twentieth, 
1618-19: 

“ The  King  went  to  Theobalds  on  Tuesday, 
but  before  liis  going.  Sir  George  Calvert  was 
sworn  Secretary.  I had  an'  inkling  of  it  two  or 
three  days  before,  though  the  patent  was  drawn 
with  a blank,  and  the  voice  ran  generally  with 
Pocker.  The  night  before  he  was  sworn,  the 
Lord  of  BuckinghanU  told  him  the  Iving’s  reso- 
lution, but  he  disabled  himself  divers  ways,  but 
specially,  that  he  thouglit  himself  unworthy  to 
sit  in  that  place,  so  lately  possessed  by  his  noble 
lord  and  master.  The  King  was  vrell  pleased 


* (icorge  Villiers,  Duke  of  Buckingliam,  and  his  mother,  ex- 
creiiicd  great  intlueuee  over  James  the  First.  lie  was  disiin- 
guisheJ  for  his  personal  symmetry,  as  Itis  master  was  for  his 
clumsiness.  An  old  writei'  said:  “.Vs  x\mmianus  describes  a 
wc‘11- shaped  man,  ab  ipso  capite  usipie  ad  unguium  summitates 
recta  erat  linoamenforum  corapage ; from  the  nails  of  his  fingers, 
iiuy,  from  the  sole  of  his  foot  to  the  crown  of  his  head,  there 
Was  rio  bh-iniKli  in  him.  And  3'et  his  carriage  and  every  stoop 
f hi-:  depot  tment.  more  than  his  excelhutt  form,  were  the  iieauiy 
of  his  beauty.’’  He  was  assassinated  by  Felton  in  IGCb. 


IG 


TETiRA  MARLE, 


with  his  ans\yer  and  modesty;  and  sending  for 
him,  asked  many  questions,  most  about  his  wife. 
Ilis  answer  was,  that  she  was  a good  woman, 
and  had  brought  him  ten  children;  and  would 
assure  his  Majesty  that  she  was  not.  a wife  with 
a witness.  This,  and  some  other  passages  of  this 
kind,  seem  to  show  that  the  King  is  in  a great 
vein  for  taking  down  high-handed  women.” 

With  increasing  iniluence,  in  1617  he  was 
knighted,  and  now  appears  in  the  public  records 
as  Sir  Geor2;e  Calvert. 

Under  the  malign  influence  of  Gondomar, 
the  Spanish  Ambassador,  the  King  ordered  the 
arrest  of  Sir  Walter  Kaleigh,  in  July,  1618, 
and  disgraced  England  by  beheading  him  three 
months  afterward  in  the  old  Palace-yard.  It  is 
with  pain  that  we  read  of  Calvert’s  intimacy  tvith 
the  Spaniard,  of  his  visits  to  the  gallant  naviga- 
tor in  prison,  and  of  his  calling  at  his  house  and 
taking  therefrom  his  sea-charts,  a manuscri[>t  on 
the  art  of  war,  and  another  containing  an  account 
of  all  the  sea-ports  in  the  world. 

While  Kimr  James  tried  to  satisfy  the  En^- 

O • t/  o 

lish  people  by  assenting  to  laws  for  the  suppres- 
sion of  IMpery,  he  manifested  no  antipathy  to 
any  of  his  friends  with  inclinations  in  that  direc- 
tion, and  in  February  com[)limcnted  Calvert  by 
making  him  Secretary  of  State  for  life.  To  the 
plea  of  inability  to  perform  the  duties  of  the 
utllcc,  Puckingbam  .-aid  it  was  the  King’s  own 


THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE. 


17 


choice,  and  in  a day  or  two  the  oath  of  othcc 
was  administered,  and  a letter  written  on  April 
the  nineteenth,  says:  ‘‘Secretary  Calvert  keeps 
about  the  King,  and  has  most  of  the  employ- 
ment/’ 

In  the  year  1613  he  was  appointed  one  of  the 
Commissioners  to  go  to  Ireland  to  examine  the 
condition  of  affairs,  and  to  listen  to  grievances. 

It  was  rumored  about  this  time  that  he  would 
he  appointed  Ambassador  to  the  States  General, 
and  a friend  of  Sir  Dudley  Carleton,  the  incum- 
))cnt,  wrote:  “I  have  both  before  and  since  made 
all  tlie  inrpiiry  I could,  and  can  find  no  ground 
of  any  fresh  report.  Only  I have  heard  Mr.  Cal- 
vert named,  but  when  the  Cjuestion  is  asked  him 
lie  doth  utterly  renounce  any  such  intention  in 
himself,  and  I do  rather  believe  him,  for  that  it 
is  not  likely  he  should  atiect  such  a journey, 
being  reasonably  well  settled  at  home,  and  hav- 
ing a wife  and  many  children,  which  are  no  easy 
carriage,  specially  so  far.” 

The  whimsical  monarch  not  only  conferred 
honors,  but  rewards.  The  next  year  he  re- 
ceived a grant  of  the  increased  custom  on  silk 
fi»r  twenty-one  years,  and  an  annual  pension  or 
one  thousand  pounds. 

The  reckless  expenditure  of  tlaines,  and  his 
constant  grant  of  monopolies,  had  created  great 
di><atisfaetion  among  the  masses,  and  it  was  de- 
sirable that  he  should  liave  as  many  friends  as 

2=^ 


Ikv'.  Jtwo  oiiit’  ^77.t  to  Tc(>  u lu  hnn 
IhqA  mo  mtthw  bm  <f>9i‘>i4mifil,»ft*  anw- 

StmhiO  ifirjie  jhn^iifoahi  oii) 

nHt  V)  S^i‘>iii  stui  bff^  t^ttlX  ^di  Suodu  ' 
....  . " "*Mi/onT 

«>fft  OfiO  L >taioq«|l]:  {^fc  t *>if  SlfK  k:j>y  nT 
o/ll  9ni{rfn7'>  ot  oi  w ot 

. o1  fiai^  'io  notl^ 

l)l?jo/A  tftft  <^inrt  Jtiit)  rrfOvJi:  baiocarn  <t4iw  3l 

^ ' •<  oj  A boh'fw>f|<|r,  OaJ' 

-muoni  9/f>  .(Joj-jltn'')  /offuKI  nl^  lo  bn^hl  a bMu 
^ifxim  aonis  bnii  'nobxJ  shod  ‘y/iut  I"  ,1iiod 
bnriO'i:!^  on  hith  jkid  fnin  J>hfoo  T Uu 

vIi:J  /fi/i  b'iiif)d  ov/oM  '^IriO  . itoqo'i tf v^jil  vtm'io 
iniif  bo'Aan  hi  txoh<oao  s'lfj  oorf?/  bid  tboninn  liYt 
ni  iioibmiai  ?ftc  ooiinrurji  Yjtobir  iltoh  tul 

Jr  imii  'idl  ^mhi  jvyihjd  loJJtn  oh  t bn« 

,y/j.r'{iol  A b»  ‘iiii  bfnoila  oif  )on  hi 

-vjid  bfijfj  ^onio/l  tft  h*iftTo>:  Hot/ 

on  on;  doiiiw  ,i:o  ibfhio  vanm  Imh}  dim 

‘bTi;l  os  vlfxii'joqa  <o:«nniir) 
borrdbroo  vino  Joa  d^innom  "fA^nmudrr  /iin' 
f;  .'i  •oto  / jX'jii  oilT  .^binvnn  bid  yStofioif 
no  motf.uo  i-'/.-i^oioni  oilt  'io  Xfui^v^  A'h^-7r‘0", 
to  Inmnuj  ij.fi  biu;  .s-u;  >t  5ino^jbioYrl  ’iq't 

.sbirrioq  liiu?>.fiod)  *iito 

kill  !ini‘  'to  irivAf^uoifx^  OilT 

bi;ii  . riii'aqotiofi;  lo  bmi;g  luiitisooo 
-*il.i  hu'v  4i  fun;  ^>d)  iiitnii£i  noiiody^r)ivAi^ib 

fni  otl  'A;'>j;m  _ ,-7**. I hli/oilt  axl  1/idi  shhnis 


18 


TEBRA  MARLE. 


possible  in  the  Parliament  of  1621,  and  for  this 
reason  Calvert,  with  "Wentworth,  offered  himself 
as  a member  from  Yorkshire. 

Their  opponent  v/as  Sir  John  Saville,  a man  of 
considerable  influence;  and  it  is  interesting  to 
read  the  electioneering  correspondence  of  the 
impetuous  Wentworth  previous  to  the  day  of 
election. 

"With  an  energy  and  rapidity  not  excelled  by 
the  most  successful  politician  of  the  nineteenth 
century,  he  wrote  several  letters  daily  during 
the  campaign,  and  was  profuse  in  promises  and 
delicate  flatterv.  The  followiiuc  extracts  from 
letters  of  the  same  period,  attest  tlie  energy  of 
the  man.  To  Sir  Thomas  Fairfax  he  writes : 

“ I was  at  London  much  entreated,  and,  indeed, 
at  last  enjoined,  to  stand  with  Mr.  Secretary  Cal- 
vert for  to  be  knight  of  this  shire  the  next  Par- 
liament, both  by  my  Lord  Clifford  and  himself; 
which,  after  I liad  assented  unto  and  dispatched 
my  letters,  I perceived  that  some  of  your  friends 
had  motioned  the  like  to  Mr.  Secretary  on  your 
behalf,  and  were  therein  engaged,  which  was  the 
cause  I write  no  sooner  unto  you.  Yet,  hearing 
by  my  cousin  ^[iddleton  that  he,  moving  you  in 
my  behalf  for  your  voices,  you  were  not  only 
pleased  to  give  over  that  intendment,  but  freely 
to  promise  us  your  best  assistance,  I must  con- 
fess that  I cannot  forbear  any  longer  to  write 
unto  you  1h)W  much  this  courtesy  deserves  of  me; 


THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE. 


19 


jirid  that  I cannot  chose  but  take  it  most  kuidly 
from  you  as  suitable  with  the  ancient  aiiection 
which  you  have  always  borne  me  and  my  house. 

“And  presuming  of  the  continuance  of  your 
good  respects  toward  me,  I must  entreat  the 
company  of  yourself  and  friends  with  me  at  din- 
ner on  Christmas-day,  being  the  day  of  the  elec- 
tion, wlicn  I shall  be  most  glad  of  yon,  and  then 
give  YOU  further  thanks  for  your  kind  respects.*’ 

To  one  he  writes:  “In  my  next  letters  I will 
lot  Mr.  Secretary  know  your  good  respect  and 
kindness  toward  him,  whereof  I dare  assure  you 
he  will  not  be  unmindful.” 

To  another  he  says:  “I  have  got  an  absolute 
promise  that  if  I be  chosen  knight  that  you  shall 
have  a burgess-sliip  (reserved  for  me)  at  Apple- 
by, wherewith  I must  confess  I am  not  a little 
pleased,  in  regard  we  shall  sit  there,  judge,  and 
laugh  together.” 

To  a relative  he  makes  a suggestion:  “The 
course  my  Lord  Darcy  and  I hold  is,  to  entreat 
the  high-constables  to  desire  the  petty  constables 
to  set  down  the  names  of  all  freeholders  within 
their  townships,  and  which  of  them  have  prom-, 
ised  to  be  at  York  and  bestow  their  voices  with 
us,  so  as  we  may  keep  the  note  as  a testimony 
of  their  good  affections,  and  know  whom  we  are 
beholden  unto;  desiring  them  further  to  go  along 
with  us  to  York,  on  Sunday,  being  Christma.s- 
cve,  or  else  meet  us  about  two  o’clock  of  tlie 


ioniTii’)  I 

Rn  tnyi 

■;'Vs.M  jV.'Vf  t!‘>ii!  /f 

:i;07  ■;<:»  V > 

,..j^n  ■■»•?'*'. r / :v  * 


' , ‘ - » 


:■;  .-j 

. , I 

^ i 


I :;  i'l  ^ 

■ 1 ^'.th 

. , , ; , 0 : . ; „ ^ (I): 


'>d  >v,r  I : •'! 


; . ,hn-  ;; 

, , ' '.  r/  4 / j.  -11 ' ii.Ji 

li  ■ / > i i ! J ■ 1 ' 4*  ^ ■"  ^ 


20 


T FAIR  A MARLF. 


day  at  Tadcaster.  I desire  you  would  please  to 
deal  elFectually  with  your  high-constables,  and 
hold  the  same  course,  that  so  we  may  be  able  to 
judg'e  what  number  we  may  expect  out  of  your 
wapentake.  I hope  you  will  take  the  pains  to 
go  along  with  us,  together  Avith  your  friends,  to 
York,  that  so  Ave  may  all  come  in  together,  and 
take  part  of  an  ill  dinner  AAuth  me  the  next  day, 
AA'hen  vourself  and  friends  shall  be  hmht  heartih" 

O «/ 

AA'elcome.’’ 

Sir  Arthur  Ingram  is  informed:  “As  touching 
the  election  aa’c  iioaa^  groAA"  to  some  heat;  Sir 
John  SaAulle's  instruments  closely  and  cunningly 
suggesting  underhand,  Mr.  Secretary’s  non-resi- 
dence, his  being  the  King’s  sei’A^ant,  and  out  of 
these  reasons  bA'  laAA*  cannot,  and,  in  irood  discre- 
tion,  ought  not,  be  chosen  of  the  country. 

“'Whereas  himself  is  their  martyr,  haAung  suf- 
fered for  them;  the  patron  of  the  clothiers;  the 
fittest  to  be  relied  on,  and  that  he  intends  to  be 
at  York  on  the  da\’  of  election.” 

To  Calvert  he  gives  a history  of  the  condition 
of  thimrs  and  the  state  of  feelins;  in  the  C’ountv: 
“May  it  ]>lease  you,  sir,  tlie  Parliament  AAuit  is 
deliv’ered  to  the  sheritf,  and  he,  by  his  faithful 
promise,  dcc[)ly  eng*agod  for  you.  I find  the 
gentlemen  of  these  parts  generally  ready  to  do 
you  service.  Sir  Thomas  Fairfax  stirs  not;  but 
Sir  John  Saville,  by  his  instruments,  exceeding 
busy,  intimating  to  tliv  common  sort  underhand, 


tv  V*.’ 


0&' 


6.t  ''.^r.oh-{  MuiiW  «t>7  I '(ph 

rUiOY  JjfV/  '»^7b 

oj  ^kfn  Of. I /iiiff  C'>  tivi?)  /iv/uio^  smcft  i'Jod 

‘li!;v/  ij'O  ,t‘>oqx.v  7t;fi?f  'JfxTmFii  ;jj;it //" 

r)/  >,d::q  IIi7»'  J,;^'7  vq  ol  X;  ,0/l 

•■n‘  ,dur-  hj  ‘!;k^7  dihf^ 

/r;dtoti^4  «f  th;  7!;ni  v-  <-  NifH 


,fj 

'.‘V'J  . 

»ir  fltr//  V'iniu}} 

ill 

■qit]  o :o:  t/ 

.Ji.llOrO 

io! 

U:  V 

iti 

i:  ir 

,oI  ' 

Of;!' 

oi  WOO'-.' 

1 >! 

‘J7f 

7{:.'f' nOi!!': 

^ I)iJf; 

V io'**.'.  I'j  '. ) I fOiO! 

-Pt 

ni  ?<' 

7< '0 

jO  {7-  7 .-jl/'  1m! 

ivh 

»ha 

XO 

:u  , 05 

7.7  T7>  V 

oh 

\.*jv)  l;r.-o';i  u •7/;l  -/J  .-.uo.-ntH 

.7  diiil'Vj  *^il,I  'to  Oil  tii'qlJO  rfioit 

:!,,  ,.  M 7;  ;.%,{  ,'i  I'lOfn  tiosT)’  ■•  r ‘lii/'.uiiif  ?-C':>T>il  //  “ 
Mih  : "i7?'()ol*j\‘.it 'io  ,:a*!tO'[  ?>iit  ; 'uH  h^v:^ 
0*;  o:  7/5  ));i(t  i)*ni  0'*'>  o J f'J  "vr'i5 

''oK.'it  iviv  to  v/;h  :jiii  fio 


t:oi!iiii'ot>  Mit  i'^  7;u»k>f!  <:  ?7r/i‘g  orl  t ro/ln  ) o ^ 

: Yiitno'  111  ».  Xo  oti^^  oil.t  ioui  ^>7 

<r  5 •'h^'  >^o-^'!>]v[  rf  v/lX'* 

7ki:tV->b 

ch  o:  ,'  /.O'!  vjliv»77i,  .-ivf^-r  ■v'tH  Xo  no 

Jr-.t  3*:7''iit:  'j  >■*  5,  'h^*  /^otTioa  n.v,^ 

vvji,.^  r./o  . '77:.  7V.  7 . ; ; ,■;•  .7..>-0.;o  'srfi 

J.7  ,,...;iHO;  .17  . ;.l.,-'  ■ • 7.. I ••'  \7,:iHilOOli.  ,7>7>d 

V,o/: ' '■  . 


21 


THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE. 

tliat  yourself  being  not  resident  in  the  Comity, 
cannot  by  l.uvbe  cLoscn,  and  being  bis  Majesty’s 
Secretary  and  a stranger,  one  not  safe  to  be 
trusted  by  the  .country;  but  all  this,  according- 
to  his  manner,  so  closely  and  cunningly  as  if  be 
liad  no  part  therein;  neither  doth  he,  as  yet, 
further  declare  himself,  than  only,  that  he  will 
be  at  York  the  day  of  the  election;  and  thus 
finding  he  cannot  work  them  from  me,  labors 
only  to  supplant  you.  My  Lord  President  hath 
writ  to  his  freeholders  on  your  behalf,  and  see- 
ing lie  will  be  in  town  on  the  election-day,  it 
were,  I think,  veiy  good  if  he  would  be  pleased 
to  show  himself  for  you  in  the  Castle-yard,  and 
that  you  writ  a few  lines  unto  him,  taking  notice 
that  you  hear  of  some  opposition,  and  therefore 
desire  his  presence.  I have  heard  that  when  Sir 
Francis  Darcy  opposed  Sir  Thomas  Lake  in  a 
matter  of  like  nature,  the  Lords  of  the  Coiuiv'd 
vtU  to  Sir  Francis  to  desist.  I know  my  Loi-d 
Chancellor  is  very  sensible  of  you  in  this  busi- 
ness, a word  to  him  and  such  a letter  would  make  an 
end  of  all.'' 

The  Christmas  of  1G20,  in  old  York,  was  a 
day  long  remembered.  To  the  usual  hilarities 
ol*  the  season  were  added  the  crowd  and  cunfu- 
i>ion  of  an  exciting  election.  Amid  the  drinking 
of  tankards  of  ale  and  cups  of  gooseberry  wine, 
there  was  angry  discussion  of  the  merits  of  the 
contestants,  empluisized  with  round  and  coarse 


'''’.•’'‘’’.^-.:i,'  'll-  '.  -»•  t 

/^jpiETOD  i'Oii  m^hiy'i  Smii 

\itm  ^Piotoda  od  X’^ 

^4  of  oim  40 n oao  u hiru 

^ulbw^ij  !k  hoi^m^ 

^)ii  *sa  Q® 

,m  iftob  Tifftiswi  iahiodJ  JiJ?q  on  bnif 

H|v/  i)fl  t/4iCr  fvniGi  ^mdi  "ilmmisi  oi^mE  i^dmA 
aq/ft  Xfl*b  6>dfj  '^."lo  r isi  oti 

rtodiil  PiiO'ii  diov/  joftoiit)  ^nihnit 

lihin  nMmo't^l  Jnod  rU  . ,uov  Jitnlqq'ift  xfiio 
-903  fun;  ;M«(bJ  atiox  no  ffxobloifsoil  i-iJ  oi  fmr 
ti  , /V  b i7oit‘>9T9  9i!)  no  nwoJ  nl  o<f  1117/  od  ^/ir 
l>93ij'>iq  od  ldiJ07/  Dd  'li  boo:;^  tiqt  ^>Ii‘jfii  I jd^ovr, 
bfu;  ni  itov  lol  lloendd  f/od^  oi 

*}‘>iion  <fnui  oinn  *i9iul  v/ot  ii  )iTi7  wov 

o'lcd'j'iofl)  i>:Hi  ,iwi)i30<|(p  omo3  \o  nrj^fd  in>'/  |r.dt 
•uK  /ii>il7/  4iidJ  S'liiOtl  oviiil  I .09fii>€9’iq  yid  ‘Vii^oh 

r.  iff  od/SvT  nijsir'.nlT  *ii<^  uo^oqqo  V9'U*Cl  Bloian'l 

i'l  . ovoO  V ^ruiiu^  odil  1o  vAmn 

IntuI  xfu  v/ofid  I .fe/A)  ol  o\  iVrn 

dmid  sidi  fti  fJOT  io  oldiaaoe  xTo/  «i  *T0lh9rir.i(') 
isb  v.U,iv»  hWyM  \ASy)  4^  A“»w?.  4<uA  o\  \v\w  s> 


ii  'i,^-/r  rA'vyi  bln  id  M'ol  \f  •^.ficiiJithilO  odT 
fr'ihhdid  lii/r%>i  *>d)  oT  Jjoiodinoinj'i  ^ac4  /jjb 

-fdinK>  ■^<it . l»9Ji|#6  odl  ’b> 

^’fuManb  oili  bia*/-  ^piitioxo.  unlo  noit* 

,;>iitw  i^vv to  Ht|U')  ob*  b)  BlfmAiud  b) 

■Hi)  u>  HUTjtii  oH  'io  tioi-^jpo^db  7T>^n« 


<1^.00  Um  hsftii/i  iln-u  hj^hi^iqnv4 


22 


TERRA  MARLE. 


Saxon  oaths,  until  toward  night  the  cheers  for 
AYentworth  and  Calvert  decided  the  contest. 

Previous  to  the  assembling  of  Parliament  pub- 
lic opinion  was  decidedly  against  James.  An 
intelligent  foreigner  wrote  : “ Consider  for  pity’s 
sake  what  must  be  the  state  and  condition  of  a 
prince,  whom  the  preachers  publicly  from  the 
pulpit  assail;  whom  the  comedians  of  the  me- 
tropolis covertly  bring  upon  the  stage;  whose 
wife  attends  these  representations  in  order  to 
enjoy  the  laugh  against  her  husband ; whom  the 
Parliament  braves  and  despises,  and  who  is  uni- 
versally hated  by  the  whole  people.’^ 

One  could  not  walk  the  streets  of  London, 
without  hearing  denunciatory  language,  nor  en- 
ter the  bookstores  without  beholding  on  the 
counters  ludicrous  caricatures,  and  sarcastic  pam- 
phlets aimed  at  the  King.  In  the  library  of  the 
antirpiary.  Sir  Robert  Cotton,  were  frecpiently 
closeted  Pym,  Selden,  Coke,  and  other  brave 
and  talented  men,  to  arrange  [ilaiis  of  Oj)position 
against  the  monarch  who  had  announced  that 
“he  would  govern  according  to  the  good  of  the 
Commonwealth,  but  not  according  to  the  coin- 
mon  will.” 

At  the  opening  of  the  Parliament,  James,  in 
his  address,  said:  “It  is  the  King  that  makes 
laws,  and  ye  are  to  advise  him  to  make  such  as 
will  be  best  for  the  Commonwealth.” 

Calvert  stood  iirm  idr  the  r^iyal  pi’erogatives 
as  thus  interpreted,  and  early  in  the  session 


THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE. 


23 


nrjred  rarliarnent  to  accede  to  the  demands  for 
money,  and  to  say  less  about  their  liberties  and 
freedom  of  speech;  and  his  course  was  so  de- 
cided, that  he  ^^was  censured  for -his  forward- 
ness.’’^ 

'Wentworth,  his  colleague,  had  still  sympa- 
thies with  the  people,  and  was  perplexed  by  the 
state  of  atlairs.  In  a letter  to  his  brother-in-law, 
J.ord  Clifford,  he  wrote:  The  path  we  are  like 

to  walk  in  is  now  more  narrow  and  slippery,  yet 
not  so  difficult  but  may  be  passed  with  circum- 
spection, patience,  and  p>rincipally,  silence.” 

The  discussions  of  Parliament,  involving  as 
they  did  the  principles  of  the  British  Constitu- 
tion, the  alleged  bribery  of  so  great  a man  as 
Lord  Bacon,  and  the  proposed  marriage  of  Prince 
Charles  to  the  Infanta  of  Spain,  are  still  perused 
by  the  lover  of  civil  and  religious  liberty  with 
deep  interest. 


* “The  first  day  of  their  sitting:.  Secretary  Calvert  made  a 
fpeoch  for  supply  of  the  King’s  vants,  which  was  thought  un- 
timely, before  anything  else  was  treated  of.  * * There 

was  some  crossing  and  contestation  ’twixt  Secretary  Calvert 
and  Coke  at  a Committee  about  the  Spanish  Ambassador,  who 
is  said  to  have  almost  as  many  come  to  his  mass,  as  to  the  ser- 
mon at  St.  Andrew's  over  against  him,  and  there  is  great  com- 
plaint of  the  increase  of  Popery  everywhere.” — Chamberlain  to 
Carleton.  Feb.  lOM,  1G20-21. 

“The  next  day  they  met,  which  I think  was  on  Monday,  Sec- 
retary Calvert  bcgitis  to  speak,  that  his  Majesty  thought  the 
hr?>t  motion  for  obtaining  liberty  of  speaking  was  very  un- 
reasonable.”— Mead  to  Stutevilie,  Feb.  lOta,  1G20-21. 


5:\  1'  ^ , EW  ■ r 

foi' ad.t  0?  ja9-msihis‘l.  k»^to 

'thi'ffi  :i:.M:(<"Ur.  Vi'‘  fujii 

■V,.  4>'t,(or)  -.'.i  l.iiB  :■'!■  ■■  I . raof>'rV!t 

,.i,-j  tf'‘  ■'  ' ■'■''■  ' 

...  : .:■  V'^;  ■',  : ;■  i 'fi  » >uiv;  'i'H.:!'i 

■■ : ■ ' ■;  ii  ni  '.fii’jb'iltj'i 

, (.( ■'..,  . ^':'r  '"  ; •/ fo'( ■'■</'  oif  ,b'/ 3 J/'to*..l 

, , '•  ; . „ , , ' ';yi'  ;i':,!  V^Oil  ^.1  iU  - 


f V’'  W.i:  'iid  1‘yoinib 

y.  v\y 

'■jitl'Uf  b.fUJ  . ' » ' 

'>d  r 

) -.'I  v 

, y . vV'jy  I't.ii  '>\  ■'■y'  ' 

■Ti  rnli 

r;  .::v.n-y  ■/■■: 

riydi'fy  ‘*' 

H yy/i) 

<">  ..r'‘ 

:t'iy  'J 

' • J ; > ' t'l  1';  , 

iiinyht  i v«i  ^ * • 

i' } 

} , i ■'  '"y .'' ! y 

■'■•I  han  lr/i‘.5  'K>  "i-y^oi 

<■'■  , ' ; f < I 

■:  -.j:;  ii-if  '•  ./>  I'*  - 

J,:  y^'--' 

S';;':,-,  1 :■)■';  ' ’ 

,:  ,-.iv!t  ■)  -<i  .u  '• 

' m;!/!  J 

w-AtJ/'.  '* 

.,  * ,v..f  yy\, 

, . ■ ^ ■•ft 

■ <y:»  '5>;i 


TERRA  MAREE, 


When  in  November  they  were  preparing  a 
petition  to  the  King,  asking  that  the  Prince 
might  form  a Protestant  alliance,  Calvert  men- 
tioned these  proceedings  to  King  James,  which 
60  enraged  him  that  he  instantly  sent  a letter  to 
the  Speaker,  complaining  of  the  fieiy,  popular, 
and  turbulent  spirits  ” in  the  lower  House,  and 
forbidding  them  to  inquire  into  the  mysteries  of 
State,  or  to  concern  themselves  about  the  mar- 
riage of  his  son.  The  letter  Avas  arrogant  and 
menacing,  and  roused  IVm  and  others  to  pro- 
test, Avhicli  terrilied  the  Court:  and  Calvert, 
trying  to  still  the  storm,  admitted  the  closing 
expressions  of  the  King’s  to  be  incapable  of  de- 
fense, ‘^calling  them  a slip  of  the  pen  at  the 
close  of  a long  aiiswer.”  The  apology  was  of  no 
avail,  and  the  Commons  firndy  asserted  that 
there  should  be  freedom  of  debate,  and  from 
all  impeachment,  imprisonment,  and  molesta- 
tion,” for  anything  said  in  the  discussions  of 
Parliament:  and  the  King,  coming  to  London, 
declared  the  protestation  to  be  null,  and  tore  it 
out  of  the  records,  dissolved  the  Parliament,  and 
imjn-isoned  Coke,  Pyni,  Sehlen,  and  others. 

After  this  he  granted  indulgence  to  the  Koman 
Catholics,  and  an  order  Avas  sent  to  the  judges, 
“that  in  their  several  circuits  they  discharge  all 
prisoners  for  cliurch  recusancy,  or  for  refusing 
the  oath  of  suprcinaev,  or  Ibi*  dis]iursing  Pa[>ist 
books,  or  for  hearing  or  saA'ing  mass.” 

Shortly  after  the  close  of  Parliament,  Went- 


' 'iV';  fsr'rro'K  mdW 


/r-:  ' : 

Mj/r  of  nohtf^yq 

.4t-  : Vfv'.  ' :"  : ;:U-. 

-i'  i ■«  ;jr!v>ini 

i^^■-v^ 

■ rj,| 

C»’'  . -■  ’ ' 1 .,/  ; ' ' - ■ ' •’>[ 

i";’.’  nHff  fa)  :■>», 

- " ..  ,;v,,..t  - ■;•  iv  • 

!;afl 

, 51  ''  ; 

h;tr. 

1'  ■ -■ ' .N-  ■ !1  .:; 

' '■  - -laaibbi^i  irrs 

"'"r/:/!'  ;,■:  ;■;  : . ; 

‘10 

lt!l.;;  • : , . > ; : -.' 

’ ’i ■■■.;'  ;-.!.u  'io 

(-J  •,  ' 

.;l'j'^v|i,:'>  l/UH 

■■■■i:  -i:-' 

'b'  (XO 

vii : ui,  ir:>i|  j ,'j<>  • : 

OM.'lo  ei'5V.'  •.-'i'i  " s*. 

■ "'>■ ; ' i'.  V wv>>  I.:  !o 

an;.  ,,:i;YK 

Oirrit  *•  bf.ij; 

; (j  iff  iir,  ■'•■iDjil 

■ 'i  ]■»(,(<:  : , ■'^V';(|  .;■ 

i a 'Y'  Ifii 

r"  vr..:? 

:'a,  - 

if  '/M'vt  ]>:?K  ,'fl.  ,,  j.  , 

J -■  ■ ' ■.■:!'■  ■' 

b ifl  ; , ’r  / ‘ 

'*  '''"i  f 'i,:'  iff.-,; 

. ■•V.JO  1?  l<'>  . ' ' ■ : ■'■ : . ,'i  ? V 

‘ ^ V ' ■ '’  ) lyjao^:i"oni\i 

i>  JilillO*  f ^ " '1  ' ' ''ll''  . ' ■ ‘ i ]}  l'r>  1 

VjH  a. 

m;  ■■  ;■•'  t'  '>  M-',i 

’ i ''a 

J’i^Xi  i f t - : J ' ■ ' ' , r '■  i'. 

rv  / Hi 

..-t  ,, 

'ff'!  yi'jiiokihii 

T^iip/i  , -■i 

■ a;  ')o  ;j;b  Hiljf 

,'  1 '.M  :,; 

■-jmy/  ;:.^l  ‘h; 

•>a  J yinOif^ 

THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE. 


25 


worth  moved  to  his  country  seat  in  Yorkshire, 
where  both  himself  and  wife  were  sick  from 
fever  contracted  in  London,  and  the  latter,  the 
eldest  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Cumberland,  died. 

During  the  same  summer.  Calvert  was  attached 
to  his  friend,  by  another  and  more  powerful  tie, 
a common  affliction,  which  is  thus  announced  in 
a letter  written  on  August  the  tenth,  1G22,  and  by 
a correspondent  of  Sir  Dudley  Carleton:  “Two 
days  since  Secretary  Calvert’s  lady  went  away  in 
childbirth,  leaving  many  little  ones  behind  her.” 

Xot  long  after  this  sorrow.  Sir  George  Cal- 
vert's eldest  son  married  Anna,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Earl  Arundel,  one  of  the  most  influen- 
tial Roman  Catholic  noblemen  in  the  realm. 
For  months,  he  was  now  busily  employed  as 
principal  Secretary  of  State,  in  preparing  the 
articles  for  the  intended  marriage  of  Charles 
with  the  Infanta  of  Spain,  which  were,  when 
completed,  sworn  to  b}'  the  King  in  the  pres- 
ence of  the  two  Spanish  Ambassadors  and 
twenty-four  privy  councillors. 

Calvert  had  most  devoutly  wished  for  the  con- 
summation of  this  marriage,  and  it  was  with 
great  pleasure  that  he  read  a letter  on  February 
the  twenty-seventh,  1G23,  by  an  associate  secre- 
tary, informing  him  that  the  Prince  and  the 
Duke  of  Buckingham,  ten  days  before,  disguised, 
and  with  the  assumed  names  of  Jack  and  Tom 
^mith,  had  quietly  sailed  for  2^1adrid. 

3 


ft'At-.S  t‘<iVVVA  awv- 


«f.va, 


T1  , i'('  !.;  ^ ^ ^ ^ ’ *' 

■p/v  'iP’Yiuiii 

:,i"-»;')l  y\ii 


, '■■i  •;';“:  )■•'':■  ' "'  j ■ ' ' *’1 

,]Mi  wpi  tv'i 

■ . .)'..:^.!l  ',  : •' . 


)■,  -ivr'i:  •:! 

'■  . '!(  bi,<!  r'-i  /dd 

i,,  f':-' 

, .;  -v'hi'J ■..■■/*.  “<*i‘ 

,-nrt 
pd  "!o  ‘‘jisit’l 
.,  j ' l'<'IJ« 

r: 

,t 


' ■'  . >'  ,',»;':='v  ■",V,-’  'V>,',:' 


26 


TERRA  MARIuE, 


To  prevent  excitement  in  England,  all  com- 
munications from  the  party  in  Spain  were  first 
transmitted  in  cypher  to  him,  and  then  written 
out  and  read  to  the  anxious  King.  A letter  from 
the  Secretary  to  Buckingham  has  been  preserved, 
which  we  give  in  full : 

May  it  please  your  Lordsuip — 

All  I have  to  say  now  is  humbly  to  thank  you 
for  your  last  favor,  in  remembering  me  with  a 
letter,  though  it  is  more  than  I look  for.  It 
shall  he  enough  at  all  times,  if  it  please  your 
Lordship,  that  I may  understand  your  command- 
ments by  Mr.  Francis  Cottington,  and  that  I re- 
main in  your  favor.  Here  is  amongst  all  men 
an  universal  joy  for  the  good  news  brought  us 
by  Mr.  Grymes,^  and  we  have  made  the  best 
expressions  of  it  we  can  for  the  present. 

I hope  it  shall  every  day  increase;  first,  for 
the  general  good,  and  next,  for  the  great  part  of 
honor  your  Lordship  hath  in  it,  wherein  God 
make  you  as  happy  as  ever  man  was!  And  so  I 
rest, 

Your  Loi'dship’s  humble 

And  most  faithful  servant, 

Geo.  Calvert. 

St.  Martin’s  Lane,  3 April,  1G23. 


^ Cirjuic?!,  trontientan  of  ihe  horse  to  Buckingham. 


THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE.  27 


In  the  ycav  1624  both  Wentworth  and  Calvert 
were  members  of  Parliament,  the  lacter  now  rep- 
resenting Oxford.  Owing  to  sickness,  Went- 
worth was  detailed  for  a brief  period  at  his 
country  seat,  and  on  recovery  wrote,  on  April 
the  twenty-eighth,  to  his  former  colleague : 
“^Matter  worthy  your  trouble  these  parts  afibrd 
none,  where  our  objects  and  thoughts  are  limited 
in  looking  irpon  a tulip,  hearing  a bird  sing,  a 
rivulet  murmuring,  or  some  such  petty  yet  inno- 
cent pastime,  whicli  for  my  paid  I begin  to  feed 
myself  in,  having,  I praise  God,  recovered  more 
in  a day,  by  an  open  country  air,  than  in  a fort- 
niLrht’s  time  in  that  smotherins:  one  of  London. 

i O 

By  my  troth,  I wish  you  divested  of  the  impor- 
tunity of  business,  here  for  a half  dozen  hours; 
you  should  taste  how  free  and  fresh  we  breathe, 
and  how,  prociil  rnetu  fruimur  modestis  opibus, 
a wanting  sometimes,  to  persons  of  greater  emi- 
iiency  in  the  administration  of  commonwealths.” 
Although  deeply  interested  in  home  affairs, 
Calvert  had,  like  the  rest  of  the  public  men  of 
his  age,  endeavored  to  obtain  wealth  by  colo- 
nizing the  Xew  World. 

lie  was  not  onlv  a member  of  the  Virginia  Com- 
I'uny,  but  on  July  tlie  fifth,  162*2,  he  and  Daniel 
Cfookin  Gent  were  voted  by  the  Xcw  England 
ComjKiny  to  be  admitted  as  members  of  the  as- 
^'»eiation,  and  about  this  time  lie  received  a 
grant  for  the  vdiole  country  of  Newfoundland, 


28 


TEBRA  MAREE. 


which  was  recalled,  atid  on  March  the  thirtieth, 
1623,  a new  grant  issued,  with  alteration  and 
addition  of  some  particular  points  for  better  en- 
couraging that  plantation,  which  was  again  modi- 
fied on  the  seventh  of  April,  and  letters  patent 
issued  to  Sir  George  Calvert,  his  heirs  and  as- 
signs, forever,  of  all  that  entire  portion  of  land 
situate  within  Xewfoundland,  and  all  islands 
within  ten  leagues  of  the  eastern  shore  thereof, 
to  be  incorporated  into  a province  called  Avalond 
The  affairs  of  the  Virginia  Company  were  at 
this  time  in  great  confusion,  factions  prevailed 
in  the  colony,  and  among  the  Directors  at  home. 
The  Earl  of  Southampton,  Lord  Cavendish,  Sir 
Ed.  Sackville,  and  Sir  Edwin  Sandy s,  the  leaders 
of  one  side,  and  the  Earl  of  Marwick  and  others, 
the  leaders  of  the  opposition.  A few  days  after 
the  Xewfoundland  patent  was  issued,  they  ap- 
peared before  the  King  with  their  grievances, 
and  Sackville  bore  himself  so  insolently  that  the 
King  “was  fain  to  take  him  down  soundly  and 
roundly,”  and  on  the  fourteenth  of  May  Calvert 


^ Lord  lialiimore’s  colony  was  begun  in  IGllO.  Wbitbourne, 
in  his  description  of  Newfoundland,  published  in  1G22,  says: 
“The  Right  Hon.  Sir  George  Calvert,  Secretary  to  the  Kiiig’s 
most  excellent  Majesty,  hath  undertaken  to  plant  a colony  of 
his  Majesty’s  subjects  in  the  country,  an<l  hath  already  most 
worthily  sent  thither  in  ilte.-se  last  two  years  a great  number, 
with  all  means  for  their  livelihood,  and  they  are  building  hou.scs, 
clearing  off  laud,  and  making  salt.” 


l>,ffs  won  « 

otnoa  Vi 

-XiKHtT  r.lu-^X^Jiy^  ib>hf bifO 

bni3  b;>  iluii>703  odx  no  boS 

hfu'  %Tiod  ,mvun  ifH  oi  boiigfef 

lo  uoit'Uii]  o'tilmi  l^if!)  {ifjib  to 
i^I)uul3i  .«.«  bn«  ,r>(u:Ibniiot7/o"/r  nhbiw-  ajftiifia 
;tor/i‘>ifT  otoif?  n70l«A‘»  oib  't«)  fiou^^aol  ftoi  rUi<iiw 
^fUilavA  boH^o  ^>oiiivo7<j  oitti  l)9l^CKp«i7in  o<i  ol 
ji;  o'iov/ Y!!ii<|nioO  oib  1o  e'lUifia  oiiT 

Mfhivo'iq  e«05i-')iit  ,«oi3?f<^tioo  m omb  tulit 

,>mod  3n  iyi^Jtmi(l  »ffj  «n<»nin  bnn  rn 

•ii^<  ,(I^HnriVii':’T^&ioJ  .(foti:{mr,Jroo8  lo  sifT 

ft'!0bi>‘>I  rulJ  ,>:7btii;8  (tiv/b:i  nib  feiiK  .ollMoaii  Jj^ 
Inin  .h-hu^nVr  Jo  Hn3-vilf  hiui  .ofri^  mib  Jo 
w>h  v/'A  A .uoUkoifqo  Jo  mbm!  edn 
^is  voih  Jrnn  i ^isv  JrtoUiq  bnnJhisnoJ^rrf^Z  orft 
^firrjmv'dny^  /Urfr  ytiul  odt  &toJod  botnaq 

\>d^  tibit  vim^ioftii  oa  'llOftaiiA  oiod  oIlivTloab 
bi;n  TilvfjiiO^  n //oLv  mid  0:dis$  ot  nbA  eiiv/^‘ 
J'i7vi«0  rail  ‘to  iiinouhfrdi  od)  ao  ban  'Vc^bnuOT 


iin.iin  l’ij  -'^  KUB’'’  ri'ii!"’  k’»i«ioiilttr  ti»I  < 

.'-'-.>t  Hi  I^■,ll»(■!^ll•l!  .l(ytt'f,<iut.J'Kiy.  lo  ottiiqm-.lt  ittd  (U 
S»>9'^  »*wjO  li?!,.-llttU 

-10  ,«,|..,  . m.  ' f nf  4..iU»a.i»  it.*d  .’C«tl»li  jntlftt-.**  ««« 

)„,.•.  -.I..-.. 1(1  (l'.v>i  t>>«  .•{•■••“'■’'’  «’V'»l«'^  "*>* 

« *«V(.  ..-*1  «-»  -;•••»'  «*  »•<"«'“  '»»• 

BOiuliWt  '.-■».  v-.,!v  1.....  .i"H->(i|.K,i  ,i,d.  lU  ,lllw 


THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE. 


29 


wrote,  under  instructions,  that  the  election  of 
officers,  which  the  King  recommended  to  the  es- 
pecial care  of  the  Virginia  Company,  was  yester- 
day,  by  the  King,  in  council,  ordered  to  be  put  ofl*. 

The  dissatisfaction  with  the  company  arose 
out  of  the  greed,  that  had  been  manifested  to  en- 
rich themselves  to  the  discomfort  of  the  settlers 
in  the  plantations,  and  also  because  of  the  popu- 
larness of  the  government,”  the  legislative  as- 
sembly in  Virginia  being  decidedly  democratic 
in  its  views. 

The  colony  was  really  in  a forlorn  condition, 
and  after  fifteen  years  of  care  numbered  only 
twelve  hundred  and  seventy-five  whites,  seventy- 
six  of  whom  lived  on  the  Eastern  Shore,  and 
twenty-two  negroes. 

The  General  Assembly  of  Virginia,  in  a state- 
ment of  their  grievances  under  Sir  Thomas 
Smythc’s  government,  draw  a picture  which 
seems  too  frightful  to  be  literally  received. 
“The  allowances  of  food  in  those  times,”  said 
they,  “for  a man  was  loathsome,  and  not  fit  for 
beasts;  many  fled  for  relief  to  the  savages,  but 
were  taken  again,  and  hung,  shot,  or  broken  on 
the  wheel;  one  man,  for  stealing  meal,  had  a 
bodkin  thrust  through  his  tongue,  and  was 
chained  to  a tree  until  he  starved.  Many  dug 
holes  in  the  earth  and  hid  themselves  until  they 
famished.  So  great  was  the  scarcity  that  they 
were  constrained  to  eat  dogs,  cats,  rats,  and 

3* 


■ ’In  ''*■'() i"'  nn'n/'l 
.-Ms'ii/?  ■>;i'? 

. :.,:.;tnv-'H>  OliT 

I v:^*  lot  no 

,j  ,;nvi  !'- ^ f ihh 

> .n;-  i 

/ j:;;  vlitni^si 
,!.  ,v<H7  '■':  <:• 
'nlifU'X' 

■ • ; i ."'t^  ijrn  i!;  ? ' ''  * 

■ :;  .f.',-n!;,;/  ' in  X!B 

, ^ /'  . ;,  . '’‘5'^'^^ 

. i:'  n'.in,0  '‘.dT 

, , , . ; 1 'ic*  ;Otyfj( 

■f „ , /.-a: 

v;  (M',r 

■ in  odT‘* 

' , ; ;■'  ■ n '*  .''’‘>d  i 

: .,./  ■ 

:!‘»  ,.n7/  ‘n\^ 
■„,'i  ■ t-.n'ldt  nbrfjod- 

, .,i\  n 

,;  |.;';nv  •:/<!*  i;i 

-:M 


30 


TERRA  MARLE. 


snakes,  and  one  man  killed  his  wife  to  eat,  for 
which  he  was  burned.  Many  fed  on  corpses; 
and  son]e  wished  Sir  Thomas  Smythe  on  the 
back  of  a mare  which  the  Indians  had  killed 
and  were  boiling.’' 

Disheartened,  they  sought  relief  in  drunken-  • 
ness.  “Dupper’s  stinking  beer”  arrived  in  every 
vessel,  and  one  captain  boasted  that  with  four 
bottles  of  wine  he  would  clear  the  expenses  of  a 
whole  voyage. 

This  condition  of  atfairs  led  to  many  personal 
altercations,  and  George  Harrison,  in  a duel  with 
Richard  Stevens,  was  wounded  in  the  knee,  from 
the  effects  of  which  he  died  in  ten  days.  Such 
reports  from  Jamestown  only  tended  to  increase 
the  discord  of  the  meetings  of  the  Virginia 
Company.  Sir  Francis  Xetliersole  told  a friend, 
‘Hhat  the  factions  in  the  company  were  as  vio- 
lent as  between  Guelphs  and  Ghibelines,  and 
they  seldom  met  but  they  (juarreled.  If  the  so- 
ciety be  not  dissolved  soon,  or  remodeled,  worse 
effects  may  follow.”  The  Earl  of  VTirwick  and 
Lord  Cavendish,  at  one  meeting,  called  each  other 
liars. 

On  the  sixteenth  of  June,  1G24,  the  charter  of 
the  company  was  declared  void.  Wentworth, 
writing  to  his  kinsman,  the  virtuous  Cliristo- 
pher  AV  andesfonle,  liumoroasly  says:  ‘^yesterday 
A irgiuia  patent  was  overthrown  at  tlie  King’s 
Bench,  so  an  end  of  that  plantation’s  savings. 


THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE,  31 


‘Olelbinks  I imagine  the  Quaternity  before 
this  have  had  a meeting  of  comfort  and  consola- 
tion, stirring  ap  each  other  to  bear  it  coura- 
gooiis!y,-and  Sir  Edwin  Sandys  in  the  midst  of 
them  sadly  sighing  forth,  Oh ! the  burden  of 
Virginia.’' 

Ill  the  place  of  the  old  directors,  a provisional 
government  was  formed  by  the  King,  of  which 
Oalv’crt  was  a member.  From  the  day  that 
Huckingham  broke  otf  the  negotiations  at  Mad- 
rid, relative  to  the  marriage  of  Charles,  Calvert’s 
position  became  unpleasant.  He  had  been  fully 
committed  to  the  scheme,  he  did  not  dream  of 
its  failure,  and  late  in  May,  1623,  he  wrote  that 
“orders  are  given  for  all  things  needful  for  the 
reception  of  the  Prince  and  the  Infanta.” 

AVhcn  the  intelligence  reached  England  that 
the  deep-laid  plan  had  Feen  unsuccessful,  he  not 
only  suffered  from  personal  disappointment,  but 
with  the  populace  he  was  an  object  of  obloquy,  be- 
cause an  acknowledged  leader  of  what  was  called 
the  S[>anish  Party,  and  therefore  it  was  not  poli- 
tic for  the  King  to  appear  on  terms  of  great  in- 
timacy. 

The  whole  of  the  year  1624  was  one  of  anxiety 
for  him,  as  extracts  from  various  letters  prove. 
Harly  in  April,  one  wrote  that  Secretary  Calvert 
'vas  in  ill  health,  and  talked  of  resigning  his 
oHice  to  Sir  Dudley  Carlcton.  A day  or  two 
alter,  it  is  said  “that  he  is  on  ill  terms  with  the 


, '■  ' * ' ■ ■ ' i -^-  ''  ■ ■ ' ■ 

■.,  U'T  - 'V  '■ 

,.i;  .„,  .;.  ' . .•  ' 

; , , . ■ .,-  ■'  „: : i ;*  'v  j.r  ,:u:::.;  :.■■ 

, !>fo  t'i  eaai'i 

,j  ,,ai  •/.{  ).omn-;t  ww  m%mfnvif<% 

' , „„,V-r'  .ri.ftii'Jfn  S ■>•‘''‘^•‘''-1 
. 5ii.'  ■«>->  wH 

tts.HiTwm  »iit  o1 

i ;...,!  ■,;!!  ani»9«l 

■a:i  hth  -..f!  ot  {witiwmo:^ 

. ,,,)  'V;;i(T  .-'til/;  rli  Ji-l'.t  hos 

'■  ^ ,'rni  its  n3  imili  r^  >lyW 

1„„- vo,ih-'t  a,!iV,  noil.j-W:)-! 

,,  ij,,..  ...5  ^ 

. -f..  •'  i i <'•  S 

■ I ■'■ ; nu'"^  ' 


32 


TERRA  MARLE, 


King  and  Prince  Charles,  and  is  called  to  ac- 
count among  other  things  for  detaining  letters  a 
year  ago,  at  the  request  of  the  French  Ambassa- 
dor.” Tlie  next  month  some  one  thinks,  the 
Secretary  does  not  mean  to  resign,  but  bj^  feign- 
ing it,  to  induce  the  King  to  give  him  a larger 
share  of  business. 

But  the  letters  written  to  Sir  Dudley  Carleton, 
then  abroad  in  the  public  service,  by  his  son,' 
probably  tell  the  truth.  He  tells  his  father  that 
Secretary  Calvert  proposes  to  resign  on  the 
ground  of  ill  health,  and  that  he  is  willing  to  sell 
the  Secretaryship  to  him  for  six  thousand  pounds ; 
that  Lord  Hollis  had  offered  eight  thousand,  and 
Sir  John  Suckling  seven  thousand. 

Buckingham  had  not  been  on  good  terms  with 
Calvert  for  some  time,  and  he  approved  of  his 
proposed  resignation,  and  some  whispered  if  he 
did  not  resign  he  would  be  displaced. 

The  summer  had  now  come,  and  faint  in  heart 
and  sick  in  body  he  retired  to  his  country  seat, 
Thistleworth,  where  he  Avas  cheered  by  pleasant 
letters  from  his  constant  friend,  Wentworth,  who 
was  rusticating  in  Yorkshire. 

In  a letter  dated  August  the  twenty-fourth, 
BJ24,  Wentworth  alludes  to  the  rumored  retire- 
ment in  these  words: 

‘‘  Since  you  are  like  those  ancient  Homans  re- 
tired from  Court  to  the  harmless  delights  of 
1 Liscuianie, 


> ■1# '-V' ' 

1, ,■  ,f  u ■'*  * ^ ^ ^ ' " 


■ji3  o! 


■;•!  ,ti,'i?  ini':  ,ii  '^*'''  • 


!i!i>:;  ,oinii  O' non  “*oi  •■ 


,,  '.n\  l>)  !'<  * ■'■ 

ijO‘,'  '.»;'■  0 iS  >'> 

vii 

:ii  -.hI  1 

%'Vi  > 1 -i'H  ’ ' ‘' 

•,  in  Si!  l^i 

'■-■■  n •ui  O'i' 

.jf  /;  ^;li  ' 'A‘'^'">^'  ^ 

> >7! 

,,.'•( t ' ' » i: > ^ •' ' 

, ♦ k J J • * ' 

",  1 ••  i K V k*' 

,-:l 

. \ ^ 1 l *.>  t 

^ / i. 

; -i-iji  -Vlii  O’Ji^'^^' 

;,  ,,;  tiUo'X 


THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE. 


38 


‘Ereptus  specioso  ejus  damno,’ 

like  another  ^neas  from  burning  Troy  * * 

Relieve  it,  we  may  not  yet  admit  you  a country- 
man throughout;  your  neighbors  of  Thistleworth 
may  tell  you  one  summer  is  too  little  to  purge 
away  the  leaven  of  a courtier,  and  it  is  time  that 
must  approve 

Fitque  color  primo  turbati  fluminis  imbre 

Purgaturque  mora, 

we  must  have  more  trial,  more  experience,  first 
initiatus,  then  adultus,  lest  you  might  come  to 
spy  out  our  liberty  rather  tlian  to  keep  our  coun- 
sel, to  enjoy  the  contentment  and  freedom  of  our 
life  with  peace  and  quietness/’ 

The  same  month,  Calvert  receives  another  let- 
ter from  him,  passages  of  which  are  as  redolent 
of  country  life  as  a bucolic:  “Our  harvest  is  all 
in,  a most  fine  season  to  make  fish-ponds;  our 
plums  all  gone  and  past,  peaches,  quinces,  and 
grapes  almost  fully  ripe,  which  will,  I trow,  hold 
better  relish  with  a Thistleworth  palate,  and  ap- 
prove me  how  to  have  the  skill  to  serve  every 
man  in  his  right  end.  These  only  Ave  country- 
men muse  of,  hoping  in  such  harmless  retire- 
ments for  a just  defense  from  the  higher  powers, 
and  possessing  ourselves  in  contentment,  may, 
with  Dryope  in  the  poet, 

‘El  siqua  o.<t  pietJis,  ab  aeutip  vulnerc  t'alcij! 

Et  j )ecoris  luoisu,  frondes  defendite  nostras.’’’ 


i»,g  * 

'■■  * ^^mT  -^ifi.nrirf  mo^  RCoit^L  v^dtotm  ov(«l 

-Tilmioo  n»7 ’’)!«■!<«  '*■"  -'^i  '"';''‘’'^'’‘:r 

(lt-.ov74.11eiaTlo  Kto<».fsi'»>  -OK)-/,  ;luoi%/oi>!  i.nir. 
-,^,»,q  M sMl  00)  ?.i  oao  oot.  H«  C«“» 

'■  *«ta.l  *"p’”  ' ■ 

. ',  ;.  .■.  vi.'j  '..  \ is ’ J;  ' 

j.iD  9onaft»<ixo  «»io«i  .l«n)  oio<it  r/Jiri  tsum  o w 

t«r  ,*«»«»»>. 

„nM0  7MO  qorJ  o)  .fi.H  Tarf.in  ^no  )o  ■ W 

,„o  1o  nmoM'rt  ftm.  looRttHoinoo  otfrWf.«'»  ‘ f j 
'•  fe,w«»Ji>P  Ixw  oo.w[  flHff  o»'l 

-j^f  tv!t«Wr,  K»vi.wt  rvaVtifJ  .dt«o,«  otiT 

i 1 i r.-nn.!  .uO-'  : oiloond  b «n  o')!!  r-'n«oo  »o 
,.,0  ;slH,oq.dsi)  adBU.  o,  ,u.BOs  ana  « .-» 

i>ius  ,-isotiiiip  M‘-.q  hi<n  anos  ( 

bled  ’wo-i)  I ,ni  >7  «l  <id-w,'' |ii 

.qr,  ti'm  dr!07/->lt8i.rr  « 

oi‘  H.-.H  Bril  ov..i  o»  *od  o«  *T.«. 
.:nu,.K.o  -.w  vj.n  o>v.iT  -[...o 
-■j'.iiir!  R»<stmiKd  doHS  ni  v/ii'ioii  ,1‘>  *>«  _ 

..  .■  n.f^'rrKn»  -r..tvV>b  is.>t.«  ?o‘  ' " 

/V  t^q  adi  itUq‘>T*^ 


Ii5’t 


TEllRA  MARl^. 


Eetui’iiiiig  to  London  in  the  fall,  Calvert  was 
once  more  engaged  in  his  duties  as  Secretary  of 
State,  and  found  the  Court  busy  in  arranging  a 
French  match  for  the  Prince.  Parliament  was 
adjourned  to  the  month  of  October  by  the  King, 
to  which  Wentworth  alludes  in  these  words: 
‘‘We  conclude  that  the  French  treaty  must  first 
be  consummate  before  such  unruly  fellows  meet 
in  Parliament,  lest  they  might  appear  as  agile 
against  this,  as  that  other  Spanish  match.  * * 
For  is  it  a small  matter,  trow  you,  for  poor 
swains  to  unwind  so  dextrously  your  courtly 
true  love-knots?  You  think  we  see  nothing,  but 
believe  it,  you  shall  find  us  legislators  no  fools; 
albeit  you  of  the  Court  (for  by  this  time  I am 
sure  you  have,  l>v  a fair  retreat  from  Thistle- 
wortli,  quit  your  part  of  a country  life  for  this 
year)  think  to  blear  our  eyes  with  your  sweet 
balls,  and  leave  us  in  the  suds  when  you  have 
done.  Thus  much  for  the  common  weal.  For 
your  own  self,  I am  right  glad  for  your  ague  re- 
covered, ho})ing  it  will  cleanse  away  all  bad-dis- 
posed humors.” 

The  relations  of  Calvert  and  Buckingham 
were  now  more  pleasant,  but  still  it  was  not  ex- 
pedient tluit  the  former  should  continue  in  the 
Secretaryship. 

Carleton’s  son  informs  his  father  on  Kovember 
the  twenty-third,  that  “ vSecretary  Conway 

tleciarcs  that  there  was  no  one  whom  he  should 


I-S 


HVV  l iovbO  M «{♦  (ti.  mhmd  ot 

8.i  Koiifib  »<!.i  ni  tes«s«®  f““ 

r x>«i.>,«-n«.Ki  7<j«J  nnoO  0.11  iMUiol  {»■« 

■.oonh‘I  oxlt  lot  .!oio.n  :b«.nT  , 
o,fi  r>ifoJoO  to  rftnom  «>rfl  ot 

r.bio-^  o^aj  Hi  Jhovr1..o  ff  o'<»'y 

3.7a  5«o«  .foJion-a  o.it  «ull  ot...!a.ioo  o ff 

i-vOBJ  pwoiiii  yjo-iAH  aooB  9wl«(l  oteinfOuan^  P , 
9!i^«  «!  -.Ro-no  ,jimr.ml«  { m 

•KK>q  -.ot  ,uo-t  v,o-.i  .-.oMum  Uoma  U Bi  io€ 
vij-j  -oo  loo'c  7tM)o<a*‘>l.  o«  f ««»'« 

.irfj  iGl  otii  ■•  .:..«oo  ^ to  t«;.|  -wo-i 

it,oy.  iUi«  S9V  ■u.o  i«old  oJ  a.mit  C».n 
ov«,f  Vox  u^d-n  »&«a  o.H  id  ai»  ovuol 

,0'I  ba-//  aoiUiao..  nii  'tot  ibiui!  B.o!  I .OAoh 

Zi^.n  m<n  .ot  1W.1-A  f-i.,h  K.«  1 

i«.  •■»-a,->  » 

-yy  j ' l blew  Ji  HitB  Jod  .Jio.'iRol.i  tnoin  non  iU 

■■':  -■  j ioiA-l-'  •i-UUW  ^-^ul 

«W  H.i  o^mtiwoa 

,.n„oyo^...v;;.ooa.^ 


THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE. 


35 


prefer  as  colleague,  but  that  Calvert  was  recon- 
ciled to  Buckiugham,  who  had  assured  him  that 
he  should  have  the  option  offer 

made  for  his  place.”  1 ^ 

Six  weeks  before  James  died,  the  sale  of  the 
Secretaryship  was  effected.  An  old  letter  thus 
announces  the  intelligence  : “ Sir  Albert  Morton 
is  at  iSew  Market,  and  is  sworn  in.  Secretary 
Calvert  giving  him  the  seals  for  £6000  and  an 
Irish  barony  either  for  him  or  any  one  who  likes 
it.  A'oung  Hungerford  is  made  a baronet  by 
payment,  this  being  the  true  golden  age.”'^ 

Two  weeks  after,  he  went  on  a journey  to 
Yorkshire,  in  company  with  Sir  Tobias  Mat- 
thew, who  became  a Jesuit  in  1617,  and  was 
obliged  to  retire  to  the  Continent,  but  on  his  re- 
turn was  received  into  favor,  and  knighted  in 
1628,  and  afterward  devoted  himself  to  poetry 
and  literature. 

Archbishop  Abbot,  a cotemporary,  referring 
to  the  affair  of  the  resignation,  says  : “ Secretary 


* Chamberlain,  in  a letter  to  Sir  Dudley  Carleton,  gives  a 
little  different  version.  He  says:  “Sir  Albert  ^lortou  is  not 
>et  returnc'l  froni  New  Market,  though  I hear  he  be  sworn, 
and  hath  the  seals  delivered  him  by  Sir  George  Calvert,  who 
had  1‘dOOO  of  him,  and  is  to  have  as  much  more,  somewhere, 
bf>i<les  an  Irish  barony  for  himself,  or  where  he  list  to  bestow 
it,  for  his  benefit.  Young  Hungerford  is  made  a baron  en 
for  this  i.s  the  true  Golden  Age,  no  penny,  no  paler 


3 ' 

..lA'HH^  o)  b‘>ii-» 
■,-.\;i  'uii 


; ■,;  ! :..  yJ1*r 

V-*  ,.!• 

V .■;!/;.,  '7c>Z,  :}H  ;-i 


,, " ' I 

77  -Ji 


7 • I.  M 


' :,l  '.i'(  '^  ■•, 

•;  tV/  i>if  /i' 

; ; j ; V>/  \7;  lJ'i<  j k’lt’  ’ ■ 

ii(‘ 


')'V  O'-' 1 

/r^JiiiSsii'soY 


.)\,  OUO'7'JO 


■f 


.7  A * k / ^ 

odl  O't  J>'010"1 

,,:f  ottr  lovo>ocn.  ro;7/  aitii 

ro-rd' 


I - ; / , . / ) ; ! W.I  W i t.  ■•  

l>uJovt>b  fo*JXiV/'iy U 


( 7 ‘ 


)0(i ^ '^^ 

‘>diio  Oilj  ol 


j.,; 

( Mor-to'i^  h'> 


'^’siLsjd'  il<i'  <o 

■■  r -.,.} 


>!{'>!  A 0! 

^U'  !'■" 

,or  . , 


36 


TERRA  MARLE. 


Calvert  hath  never  looked  merrily  since  the 
Prince’s  coming  out  of  Spain.  It  was  thought 
that  he  was  much  interested  in  the  Spanish 
afiair.  A course  was  taken  to  rid  him  of  all  em- 
ployments and  negotiations. 

“ This  made  him  discontented ; and,  as  the 
saying  is,  ‘desperatio  facit  monachum,’  so  he  ap- 
parently turned  Papist,  which  lie  now  professeth, 
this  being  the  third  time  he  hath  been  to  blame 
that  way.  Ilis  Majesty,  to  dismiss  him,  suffered 
liim  to  resign  his  Secretary’s  place  to  Sir  xVlber- 
tus  Morton,  who  paid  him  £3000  for  the  same, 
and  the  King  hatli  made  him  Baron  of  Balti- 
more in  Ireland.  So  he  is  withdrawn  from  us, 
and  having  bought  a ship  of  400  tons,  he  is 
going  to  Newfoundland,  where  he  hath  a col- 
ony.’’ 

The  effort  to  sail  this  year  was  not  successful, 
for  another  writes  on  April  the  ninth, 1625:  “It  is 
said  tlie  Lord  Baltimore  is  now  a professed  Papist, 
wa^  going  to  Newfoundland,  and  is  stayed.” 

It  is  ditiicult  to  tell  the  precise  time  of  Cal- 
vert’s conversion  to  Bomanisrn,  but  there  is  rea- 
son to  sup})osc  that  it  was  a long  period  before 
he  made  open  profession.  A writer  of  that  era. 
Bishop  Goodman,  who  had  become  a Roman 
Catholic,  gives  the  following  account: 

“Ttie  third  man  who  was  thought  to  gain  by 
the  Spanish  match,  was  Secretary  Calvert;  and 
a-^  he  was  the  only  secretary  cni[)loyed  in  the 


THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE.  37 


Spanish  match,  so  undoubtedly  he  did  what 
^^)od  offices  he  could  therein  for  religion’s  sake, 
being  intinitelj  addicted  to  the  Eonian  Catholic 
faith,  having  been  converted  thereunto  by  Count 
Gondomar  and  Count  Arundel,  whose  daughter 
Secretary  Calvert’s  son  had  married ; and  as  it 
was  said,  the  Secretary  did  actually  catechise  his 
own  children,  so  as  to  ground  them  in  his  own 
religion;  and  in  his  best  room  having  an  altar 
set  lip,  with  chalice,  candlesticks,  and  all  other 
ornaments,  he  brought  all  strangers  thither, 
never  concealing  anything,  as  if  his  whole  joy 
and  comfort  had  been  to  make  open  profession 
of  his  religion.” 

AVhile  state  policy  recpiired  his  removal  from 
the  Secretaryship,  and  was,  owing  to  some 
stay  law,  prevented  from  going  to  Newfound- 
land, he  was  still  in  favor  with  Charles  the  First, 
and  was  the  next  year  called  from  his  retirement 
in  Ireland,  to  be  employed  at  Brussels  in  a treaty 
of  peace.  It  was  announced  by  a London  corre- 
spondent, under  date  of  March  the  second,  1626-7, 
“that  the  talk  of  divers  great  commissioners  to 
go  over,  about  a treaty  of  peace  still  holds,  and 
George  Calvert,  sent  for  out  of  Ireland  for 
that  service,  is  now  come,  and  on  Tuesday  rode 
'viih  the  Duke’s  grace  toward  the  Court.” 

For  some  reason  he  did  not  go  to  Brussels, 
and  again  was  busy  in  making  preparations  to 
^'5^it  his  colony  of  Avalon.  From  iiis  lodgings 

4 


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88 


TERRA  MARLE. 


in  the  Surn;,  he  wrote  to  the  Secretary  of  the 
Duke  of  Buckingham,  on  April  the  seventh,  ask- 
ing him  for  tlic  speedy  dispatch  of  the  warrant  for 
his  sliips,  the  Ark  of  Avalon,  one  hundred  and 
sixty  tons  burden,  and  the  George  of  Plymouth, 
one  hundred  and  forty  tons,  to  be  exempted 
from  the  general  stay,  as  Sir  Arthur  Aston  was 
waiting  to  sail. 

Charles,  from  the  da}^  of  his  accession,  mani- 
fested a desire  to  be  every  inch  a king.”  He 
was  restive  under  the  restrictions  of  Parliament, 
and  raised  moneys  under  the  privy  seal.  His 
extortions  ^rere  so  large,  that  a great  party, 
known  in  distinction  from  the  Court  as  the 
Country  party,  arose.  To  this  Wentworth,  as  a 
former  member  of  Yorkshire,  at  iirst  allied  him- 
self, and  when  the  King,  under  a privy  seal,  de- 
manded a loan  of  him,  he  refused  it  as  unconsti- 
tutional. 

Calvert,  now  Lord  Baltimore,  who  was  with 
his  whole  heart  on  the  side  of  the  Kirg,  was 
distressed  at  the  position  of  his  friend,  and 
urgently  wrote:  ‘‘I  have  been  here  now  some 
two  or  three  months,  a spectator  upon  this  great 
scene  of  State,  where  I have  no  part  to  but 

you  have,  for  which  your  friends  are  sorry.  It  is 
your  eneniies,  that  bring  you  on  the  stage,  when 
they  have  a hope  to  see  >’ou  act  your  own  nota- 
ble harm  ; and  therefore  keep  yourself  oif,  I be- 
seech you,  er  redimas  te  quam  queas  miniino. 


THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE. 


39 


Fiirnisli  not  your  enemies  with  matter  of  tri- 
umph when,  without  detriment  either  to  your 
honor  or  conscience,  you  may  give  them  the  foil 
it' you  will;  and  remember  the  old  tale  of  the 
rain  that  fell  upon  all  the  world  except  two  that 
kept  ^themselves  in  a cellar,  and  how  sorry  they 
were  afterward  for  their  providence.  * * * 

J>o  neither  forfeit  }’Our  own,  nor  by  your  example 
prejudice  the  common  right  of  the  subject.” 

During  the  latter  part  of  May,  Lord  Baltimore 
obtained  the  long-desired  leave,  to  visit  his  pos- 
sessions in  IS’ewfoundland. 

He  went  not  as  a religious  exile,  nor  as  a curi- 
osity seeker,  but  to  save  his  investments  ib^pos- 
sible.  Frankly  he  tells  a friend  : “ I must  either 
go  and  settle  it  in  better  order,  or  else  give  it 
over,  and  lose  all  the  charges  I have  been  at  hith- 
erto for  other  men  to  build  their  fortunes  upon. 

‘LVnd  I had  rather  be  esteemed  a fool  by  some 
for  the  hazard  of  one  month’s  journey,  than  to 
prove  myself  one  certainly  for  six  years  by  past, 
if  the  business  be  now  lost  for  the  want  of  a 
little  pains  and  care.” 

Tliree  or  four  da^’s  before  his  departure,  he  . 
made  another  strong  appeal  to  AVentworth  to 
yield  to  the  King’s  demands:  “I  should  say 
much  more  to  you  wore  you  here,  which  is  not 
fit  for  paper;  but  never  put  olf  the  matter  of 
vour  appearance  here,  for  God’s  sake;  but  send 
Vimr  money  into  the  collector’s  without  more 
ado. 


r 4 

V/;,  ; \ "AWV  = ! 


;ilr-  . U'  4 ■ ,J 

'■  :'t  !**  li‘.yi  i?ii;i  .:!  ^ 

•i  ' : •'  jq'»(  I ’ . 

:/,  ;•■:  ! 'h'r-v-i.'j;hi  i/i’yff  ''4'  - -i 

'-i'l  i;,-:-' » ^ i 

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1 ,;■  ! i')T  'Vt'^v/  Oi  'C>Y(>!U  'I 

. Ji  li<.  :h;J  ^ | 

-V  ■yJ  ,;'!:7il'  6'>ain  1 ^ ‘ ' Y . ‘’i' 

-:.3,L.Yi  ' 1 ■ ; ; ■ •/.!»  - ,1  ill  79J'IU  HI 

;'4 


40 


TERRA  MARINE. 


“At  Michaelmas  I hope  to  be  with  you,  God 
willing.  In  the  mean  time,  I shall  be  in  great 
fear  that  your  too  much  fortitude  will  draw  upon 
you  suddenly  a misfortune  whicli  your  heart 
may  perhaps  endure,  but  the  rest  of  your  body 
will  ill  sutler.  * * * * The  conquering  way 

sometimes  is  yielding,  and  so  is  it,  I conceive,  in 
this  particular  of  yours,  when  you  shall  both 
conquer  your  own  passions  and  vex  your  ene- 
mies, who  desire  nothing  more  than  your  resist- 
ance.” 

These  earnest,  loving  words,  touched  the  im- 
pulsive AYentworth,  and  in  a few  weeks  he  de- 
serted the  Country  and  joined  the  Court  party. 
Pym,  who  had  been  intimate  with  him,  was 
astounded,  and  made  a prophetic  speech  : 
“Tljqugh  you  leave  us  now,  I will  never  leave 
you,  while  your  head  is  upon  your  shoulders.” 

Parliament  Avas  dissolved  in  June,  the  twenty- 
sixth,  and  on  the  fourteenth  of  next  month 
AVentAvorth  Avas  reAvarded  Avith  a baronetcy,  Avith 
the  expectation  of  further  honors,  Avhich  ra}>idly 
folloAved. 

Before  ^Yent\vorth  deserted  the  Country  party, 
Lord  Baltimore  had  departed  for  XeAvfound- 
land  in  a ship  of  three  hundred  tons  and  tAventy- 
four  guns,  and  arri\'cd  at  the  settlement  of 
Ferrvland  about  the  tAventy-third  of  July.  The 
(‘(uiipanions  of  his  jv)nrncy  Avere  Long\wll  and 
Anthony  Smith,  Iavo  Sominary  priests.  Pobert 


'-/v'  01. 

r-  >'  ■ .‘W/  ;>  J".'-'  ^ ■ ) ;■■  I/:.."' 

: ■ ^ ^ ,'  ■ : . ''  ■ v »i  ^ ::ri  ; ?\v  } ' ' 

' ’ . , ■ , ' ' i'f  l/'jji  j I 

"■'■■i.'-';  ^ . '.J:;  «)fi/  > | 

vl'i'ryj  ’irr<:7  ^ ■ ; ■■  i^:■;  ,r.;  •.  . v y:,u\  > 

. ■; . '■  ' ' . I K;  liiv/ 

• lUlt:  . '-r.  - 'yi-  ‘ ,.. . j . \V  f r i aisft  | 

■ -7  C'^  V >:,>v  ■■  y ^ ^ iu:>r,  [ 

ri.:i  ^ ■ .J'l  yjt'' i?  ;Iv  0::;7/ 

" ' ■'  , ■•.■V::.,;'  . ^ 

■ 7"  '<  :t  y y !■  {'7:rr  ,''i’rro  7 vfi'iv'vl  1 

" :‘7  m'  y.','  ■■/;•.■:  ‘ t:  ayi*sfrn*  | 

tt;]-’  ; r'iriy  imui  vitfffjoO  oiii 

■'7:  '.'■  i'lru'  y iV;ui  Oifv/  ^^«i7‘I  ' ' ; _ 

. '>?1-y  y -1 'K  'yhKr'.,.  ^ ' "'•"y'' 

y y'  ' '.■■  •yj'-;  -yi;  yj7!y'’  ^f07  V ,' 

■''  , ^ 'y  ' y'  nyy/  :;y'y  '•:  ^ '-I  ‘'y"''’  yy  ' //  yy'iv  : 

• ■ . y ' .V  : ■ : yy  M-'  I.  in  h . . ' y ' y , y ' ■ y.y'  i 

'!,  ■ yy ; y ..:'  ' ■ , y , :7<i  ■'  i ^ 

;n''y^^-y7  ..y,  .y,7  ,;  y\  ...  ,.  ,,  - : M-'/f  ^ . 

.' y.yy*  y.  y y yyiiyi)  y t y 7 y y ’ _ ■•:>  yti/ 

' yylJn'f  ■ 

: ’ ' „ yy"v">  ' :h  » !:/  ' -■  ' • yyiy»<(  7. 

--■.y  '.'  /;■)/  y;,'i'  ir>yu;y,y  i.yy'  -y- '.yr  ;''.,;M  4/!oJ'  'y 

..yy'.y'7'  Oyfejyyi-/:)  i y vOyfy.  f yy'yy,r7)  j;  rti  bffijt  " 

ly;  y -ir!  y ‘i.’i  h:  (•  y.yy/  i yJii 

yO  r yyiii.  ’O'  I' y'l!  - -lYJ  O'Yxii;  [;r3i::l  7'n?/*C  ..y 

'''■Y.'Y’y  ' i ■' y ’ '.yyri'y'M-^  -..y:!  'v'  r nyY?ii,v|Htn->  yf;.:  /, 

yy  'fyVA  yy'-.-yyiy  yiyyiyfyy  y '.'i  ,!i)uiS':i  ' , yy y.|'y'^fet 


THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE. 


41 


Hayiiian,'  who  was  Governor  oi  ^N^ewfoiindland 
and  a bigoted  Protestant,  composed  a quodlibet 
uu  the  occasion  of  his  arrival : 

“.Great  Sheba's  wise  queen  travel’d  far  to  see 
Whether  the  truth  did  with  report  agree; 

You,  by  report  persuaded,  laid  out  much, 

Then  wisely  came  to  see  if  it  were  such ; 

You  came  and  saw,  admired  what  you  had  seen 
With  like  success  as  the  Avise  Sheba  queen. 

If  every  sharer  here  would  take  like  pain, 

This  land  would  soon  be  peopled  to  their  gain.” 

After  remaining  a few  months,  he  returned  to 
Ihtgland,  taking  the  priest  Longvyll  with  him. 
During  the  spring  of  1628,  he  sailed  a second 
time  with  his  family,  a priest  named  Ilacket,  and 
others,  about  forty  in  all.  During  the  summer, 
lie  was  obliged  to  contend  with  many  difficulties, 
and  found  no  place  that  was  a ^‘Heart’s  Con- 
tmit.”  In  a letter  from  Ferryland,  written  on 
the  twenty-fifth  of  August,  he  pours  forth  his 
troubles  to  the  Duke  of  Buckingham : 

“The  Iviim  once  told  him  that  be  wrote  as  fair 

O 

a hand  to  look  upon  afar  off  as  any  man  in  Eng- 
land ; but  that  when  any  one  came  near  they 

* Hayman  was  educated  at  Exeter  College,  Oxford,  and  then 
studied  law.  But  the  courts  of  the  Muses  were  more  attractive 
than  those  of  Lincoln’s  Inn,  and  his  associates  were  Ben  Jon- 
fon.and  Owen,  the  Epigrammatist.  At  the  age  of  forty  he  was 
appointed  Governor  of  a Newfoundland  plantation,  and  there 
coiijposed  his  Quodlibets.  which  were  published  in  Loudon  in 


4* 


‘iQH'vs'fOr}  emf  ^ 

Jdtirlboxjp  » a btm  i 

: iBVf-nii  «td  lo  rioieiooo  <>di  no  ^ 

I ’■■''iT. -.■^  wa^-up  ©aiv  Jj»t>*»0.**'  '^,'^*  •^;  . ■ ,^  '-J 

^ ',,  ' i.  ^ »T(><|t6'i.  diriir  iwb  rHt/Tf  srfi  't^dvai'^  " '.  ^ 

,4wiu  Jwo  Jdfcl  no't®'?  yd  ,iii7  J 

. / ; d^vwB  i»'j»w  Si  >i  ®<s»«  <ii  ad8«s»  a^iST  . ||  . ' '- 

n»>«»  httd  »f>x  t^dw  hviiaitf»  rV/m  IsiJi  tftVTAT  uo)[  ' 4|  ^ 

;",.  ' ,aif9vp  9«iw  »di  bm  eMuout  mJU  dliV/ 

> , ?»rfH  Mi1f»w  QIOll  Tf914»d*  ”t5V*  H(  ’ ^ W ' ‘ M 

j ti^cls  ttt  9'i  a<K^«  Jdoow  W4I  iuMt  ' 1 

(>1  hornuio‘i  ad  ^fedifiom  ysi/t  a ‘^ninlnmoi  tjHA 
,(itid  ilfv/r  flvv^ono.T  Uorni  odi  ^aidul  -S'  ' 

bfioaae  fs  bolh:^  od  f&20t  lo  ^or»qs  ad)  j 

hfHi,Ja>lanlI  booica  )«onq  b ^af  difw  onif)  M . 

^lOfoanrH  adl  I a<'r^,  Jla  iii  vh^^  laoJxi  .^-lailto  : 

^ftobFoodlib  /jfKiiT  fijiv/  bii'fitiioa  o)  boj^jfcfo  tnrr  od 
I -noD  R’j'ifisil'*  B fifr/r  tcdi  oaalq  on  bnnol  I>o« 

ffo  na)tii'/7  J3iiftl'4'!‘ia'^  moit  ia1)al  h iiI 
r;J  iI)io1  &iiJoq  ojf  ,?ru^ii/v  ‘io  dy)ib’^Jf)av/l  ad)  ^ ’ l| 

p : mxisi^rihhjjfl  io  ^di((T  'jdi  of  ^-^jldif(sTt  ...^  ;t  1 

•aid  ^ f:  okriw  »fl  Sndl  irthf  bio)  aoiio  odT**  . 

tii^tiisn  iiiu  h«’iio  iidu  iioqa  dooi  o]  bia:ii  a ^ 
voii)  TBaa  jiii/ya  aoo  ’^ti«  aadv/  fnifj  Uid  ;biad 

' : , «?*di  Lma  ,bio^xO  ,s»jpfl<>0  T»»fl’>t'^  4«  ir<*v  * 'S'  ■'  ''*'  ^ 

* > Ifo  KJh»o3  drfi  tuK  . ^ 

’^‘  -i:oI,  «»4)  fe*>‘i4iia<»^  'B  efd  iMtft  ,iutl  *'oioortM  ^ i 

ftm»  I0  s»l?* '’ds  ijf.  ftdJ  ,iW«0  S*f!^ 

I 5?>«dt  brf*  »U!*>iiJi4M/ilf|  l*cr*iU'rtuo1^*)V4  « to  lomVfva  ' 

! ni  &*,haoJ:  m »i>w  tJ'>rdw  ,i»}!!K<iIb<w.v>  Rfd  ^ 


42 


TERRA  MARLE. 


were  not  able  to  read  a word.  He  then  got  a 
dispensation  to  use  another  man’s,  for  which  he 
is  thankful,  as  writing  is  a great  pain  to  him  now. 
Owes  an  account  of  his  proceedings  in  this  planta- 
tion to  the  Duke,  since  it  was  under  his  Grace’s 
patronage  that  he  went  out.  He  came  to  build 
and  set  and  sow,  but  he  has  fallen  to  fighting 
wi  t h F ren  ch  men.” 

The  details  of  the  sea-fight  are  then  given. 
De  la  Dade,  with  three  ships  and  four  hundred 
men,  many  of  them  gentlemen  of  quality,  la 
fleur  de  la  jeuncsse  de  ISTormandye,”  had  ap- 
peared off  the  fishing  banks  and  captured  several 
vessels. 

J^ord  Baltimore  sent  two  ships  in  pursuit,  one 
carrying  twenty-four  guns.  Upon  their  approach, 
the  French  in  alarm  dropped  their  captures,  and 
the  English  took  six  prizes  and  sixty-seven  pris- 
oners, Avhich  Baltimore  had  to  su}>port  all  the 
summer.  The  longer  he  continued  atFerryland 
the  less  hopeful  he  became,  and  this  summer 
Havman  wrote  another  quodlibet  in  reference  to 
Baltimore’s  meditated  return  from  the  colony: 

“Your  honor,  hath  got  your  honor  in  your  day  ; 
it  is  my  honor  you  niy  verses  praise. 

01  let  your  honor  clieerfully  go  on, 

End  well  your  well-begun  plantation. 

This  holy,  hopeful  work  you  have  half-done, 

For,  best  of  any,  you  have  well  begun. 

If  you  give  over  vrliat  hath  so  well  sped, 

Your  solid  wisdom  >vill  be  questioued.  ’ 


li  10%  all  n .tO0  a*iO'w 

&tf  /fohfw'  ^K>t;.^'fnvirT  'joHiodis  o?  noftfimoq^ib 
r/ma  »i  ^rtfJhv/  -ift  s! 

^/■:UmIq  mtif  ai  ^yhi^^bwMXfq  mi'io  irmofjoij  ifA  muO 
md  -nw  3f  a-jara  ,9yi,w0[  aifj  y>1'aoi) 

hl;a<f  o^  ,‘li  400  fawr  od  toll 
%artil%0:  oi  x* -‘ilKi  axl  lad  bail  Joa  baa 
_ ' "'aio  far  form'd  film 

.navi%  Modt  OTR  oi(l  lo  odT 

i;‘)*rbnad  rtwi  bn?;  tmdi  dtiw  ,obfv‘5T  itf  o(I 

111  aoia-illaa^  ai'iift -^anar*  .uaia 

H|js  bxu(  /d  db  ‘iijoft 

Irnevt'fi  bnajijr.o  jata^olami  ^jaidaii  !5di lio  b9ino*| 
i. .ftbaisT 
oao  ,iio>^/it/4"xn  ^qrd'i  <>v^)  br'M  t^^oaiUluH  Unod 
,d')fiO’fqqn’ihih  ito([^J  .«aa%  tiK'>l--(laijv/r^vfr/i*iji*> 

baji  ,«o'XL‘Jqa'>  'liorfJ  boqqcnb  at'i/ib  ai  iforanH  odt 
-eihq  no/oB-vJ/AA  bxf«  soxn<|  xb^  >fooi  full 

'.all  Ho  Jioqqa^  ol  had  o*£oaii>ln^:£  liobiw 
biuj|*rrii>H  Ui  hiiHU\AOO  9if  *i9%aof  orfT  .loaiaru^ 
lOifiatija  abtfl  baa  ^o/aaood  od  fiAotjoxf  fefeoi'orft 
ot  oiao'iaWi  at  Jodilboap  rjd}(;nn  otoi/^  niMiivuM 
r vriofoo  fiM/il  ti^uii'j‘1  iiobdiboai  fe’oiomiliaU 


; tMctv  nJ  toxtoil  H»3|  dind  **“ 

''sy.vf'-  .,«0  **'3? 

.a>') nf^in^TidiAl^T*  wo%  ih'/if 
.r'"'  ' ' ' 'jvflti  ti(^  SI'Wff  9hi'f:^r-:>^^y^ 

,u 

• f'’  ' ' ' • :>}.  : ,1>^>^T'^  i'i».  U»*u.f  b'istw' ■•jtAvflb  O'yig  w^X  ‘ ' ' ' 

‘ .lt'>Ov)a«gk*fp  0<i  Ifi'W  i>»iO«  '»««=/ 

■ .!:,.f. 

■"'  ■ ■■  ■ ■ ■ ■' 


THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE. 


43 


During  the  antinrm  of  1628,  he  appears  to  have 
sent  over  Leonard  Calvert  to  look  after  the  prizes 
and  interests  of  the  colony,  and  he  humbly  peti- 
tions that  he  may  have  a share  in  the  prizes,  that 
had  been  taken  from  the  French  by  the  ships 
Benediction  and  Victory,  and  that  a letter  of 
inarfpie  ante-dated  might  be  issued,  so  that  he 
may  receive  his  proportion.  His  brother-in-law, 
IVill.  Peasley,  also  presents  his  petition  to  the 
Lords  of  the  Admiralty,  asking  for  the  use  of 
the  ship  St.  Claude  for  preservation  of  the  King’s 
rights  and  many  subjects  in  Newfoundland. 

The  Rev.  Erasmus  Sturton,  who  was  the  Prot- 
estant minister  at  Ferryland,  in  consequence  of 
some  dissatisfaction,  left  there  on  the  twenty- 
sixth  of  August,  and  the  following  October,  at 
l‘Iy mouth,  England,  made  complaint  of  the 
]*roselyting  efforts  of  the  priests  who  had  ac- 
companied Baltimore.  He  stated,  that  every 
Sunday  mass  and  all  the  ceremonies  of  the 
Church  were  performed,  and  that  the  child  of 
one  Villiam  Pool,  a Protestant,  was  baptized 
into  the  Church  of  Rome,  contrary  to  the  will 
of  his  father. 

In  the  sj)ring  of  the  year  1629,  the  St.  Claude, 
under  a letter  of  marque,  with  Leonard  Calvert  as 
j^upercargo,  sailed  for  Newfoundland,  and  on  Au- 
gust the  nineteenth,  in  a letter  to  the  King,  writ- 

n at  Ferryland,  Baltimore  “gives  thanks  upon 
hl;-s  knees  for  the  loan  of  a fair  ship;”  complains 


«oat 


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A'-^^aul  sdt  *io  «oft«vi0ftsv|  idt  dhndiO  M qidh  aifJ 
^r\p:.i '.  ^ .bftJ5ifettnt>h/;r-a>!  nl  ataayfim  ’^(mnj  Ban  tlif:§n 
ff  V dill  ,nofwi^  *uinain^H  ►voH  a*IT  ^ 

lo  ^now^p>jM>;>  Ilf  ,Bni5l*n‘io'"i  ta 'loJatlfBii 
-Ytnewt^4!>j^?nx>  a'ii»iit  ilaf  ^£ioitoaliiiiM»i5  a/not 

4^?  L JO  ,t^(>*a<^: 

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5 lo-Wido  orfj.  tftdt  biia 

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^ tiadtttl  anf  1o 

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aa  T:o  '4 

"XjA  ifo 

^atxi|;fii ui^"  2*  * '#  'iq  ai;q|‘.^?.4t/  " ‘ *'*' 


44 


TERRA  MARIjE, 


of  the  caliii'Any  and  malice  cf  chose  who  seek  to 
make  him  .ippcar  foul  in  his  Majesty’s  eyes,  and 
of  the  slanderous  reports  raised  at  Plymouth  last 
winter  by  an  audacious  man,^  who  was  banished 
the  colony  for  his  misdeeds;  has  met  with  difh- 
culties  in  this  place  no  longer  to  be  resisted,  and 
is  forced  to  shift  to  some  warmer  climate  of  the 
Kew  "World,  where  the  winters  are  shorter  and 
less  rigorous ; speaks  of  the  severity  of  the 
weather  from  October  to  May,  both  land  and 
sea  frozen  the  greatest  part  of  the  time.  “ His 
house  has  been  a hospital  all  the  winter;  of  one 
hundred  persons,  titty  sick  at  one  time,  he  being 
one ; also  nine  or  ten  have  died.  His  strength 
is  much  decayed;  but  his  inclination  carries  him 
naturally  to  proceedings  in  plantations.”  He 


* Sturton  became  the  Chaplain  of  Lord  Anglesea.  Hayman 
tsccms  to  have  liked  him,  as  he  dedicated  the  following  “ To 
iny  Reverend,  kind  friend  Erasmus  Sturton,  Preacher  of  the 
Word  of  God  and  Parson  of  Ferryland,  in  the  Province  of  Ava- 
lon, in  Newfoundland  : 

“No  man  should  be  more  welcome  to  this  place 
Than  such  as  you,  Angel  of  peace  and  grace; 

As  you  were  sent  here  by  the  Lord’s  command. 

Be  you  the  blest  Apostle  of  this  land; 

To  Infidels  do  you  evangelize, 

Making  those  that  are  rude  sober  and  wise. 

I p>ray  the  Lord,  that  did  you  hither  send, 

Our  cursings,  swearing,  jouriiig*  mend.” 


JoLiriiig,  a proviacialiom  for 


THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE.  45 


tlien  requests  a grant  of  a precinct  of  land  in 
X'irginia,  where  he  wishes  to  remove  with  some 
forty  persons,  with  such  privileges  as  King  James 
granted  to  him  in  Newfoundland.  Soon  after 
tills,  without  waiting  a reply  from  the  King,  he 
sent  his  children  to  England,  and  with  his  lady 
visited  Virginia.  Upon  his  arrival  at  James- 
town, the  Governor  (West)  and  Council,  com- 
posed of  William  Clayborne  and  others,  called 
him  before  them  and  inquired  what  his  purpose 
was,  being  Governor  of  another  plantation,  to 
abandon  that  and  come  thus  to  Virginia.  He 
replied  that  he  came  to  plant  and  dwell.  ‘‘Very 
willingly,  my  Lord,”  they  answered,  “if  your 
Lordship  will  do  what  we  have  done  and  what 
your  duty  is  to  do.” 

They  then  administered  the  oath  of  allegiance, 
which  he  cheerfully  took,  but  refused  that  of 
supremacy.  Whereupon  they  told  him  that  they 
dared  not  admit  any  man  into  their  settlement 
who  would  not  acknowledge  all  the  prerogatives 
of  Ids  Majesty,  and  asked  him  to  depart  in  the 
next  ship.  Leaving  his  lady  in  Virginia,  he 
hastened  to  England,  to  find  that  on  November 
tiie  twenty-second  the  King,  in  a letter  dated 
‘‘ White-IIall,”  had  written  to  him  that,  “Seeing 
his  plantation  in  Newfoundland  has  not  answered 
e\q>ectations,  that  he  is  in  pursuit  of  new  coun- 
tries, and  weighing  that  men  of  his  condition 
and  breeding  are  hitor  for  other  employmeius 


h'^'  ■ -'^i^  ''V  ""  '■'■  ' ' > w’fl’  ■ ' ' '■ 

is  - 

OOToa  O ,r;rfu^tiv 

irjilii;  noo8  I^rlf^^^>^T^x;^^/-J'4  fu  and  ot  bfjtiUiV3( 
^d  0(fj  nro-a  « ^abia^r  ^trorfJhf  ,aiill 

Bti  du  n b««  ot  ftixl  itio»i 

$H  l/i/mii  rjf:> vjTJ  ,£iinf^iF/  lyitieit 

r *aMY>  <iionrit>0  f)«^i  (l‘io”’/7)  'riimvoO  oiit 
■ h^i!i5*>  ^Ki'idio  bm  otnod  /jilO  atniiUyi  'io  bosioti 
^moq'irrq  bsid  U'lshr  bsrlsjpm  bcffi  jn&dl  aiolotf  mid  . 
0S  ,rtoh«iJiii:ivj  a^!florr«  lo  lOfruftvoTj  ^rr.ff 

oil  / oi  £fjiil  ornoo  f>£fii 

7«,9Y>i  . jiov^fe  ban  laiilT  5 f/fofio  otf  Iftjfi  lkoihf->T 
,bji07f8rt^  yoiit  '\inoJ  yoT  //J^uUlr^r 
i?ftol>  t*vfiii  w Jjvfi?/  ob  iliw  qbidnoj 
V ,.  ,,.  'r,  • - v'  **:ob  of  $l  yt'f/fe  ’jmrr 

,oort«i^9n«lo  iflijo  oift  bov:^i»inlujba  tiodf  y/>jlT 
lo  Li>8[iV->'i  Jud  ^^ooJ  yJIuhi>odo  f)d  dold'^ 
X'ydf  tnih  [fsid  blof  y^df  iio<pa^’i^^d  (I  *rMamqd'* 
‘fnianoUbrA  'ilodt  otnr  anm  yjtn  iiiiibs  ton  fori^ib 
r>fb  Ifji  o^bolv/offiifon  ion  blaov/  off'^ 
Off]  ni  jiiiqob  oP  luhi  bni*  an!  V 

Oif  ^inh^ir/  at  yhid  Mtd  ^nhnoJ  .qiM«  fy'*a 
;r><fnf07oX  no.  irnfi^irii^  ot  ^ 

Loifib  loiiol  u fff 

^itro*>8 **  ^r»4i  ‘nffl  .brmifhvr lmd^\lUn 
J-  i j jvmt/t  ion  ^iul  fn;rJbntJo'l7/->X  nr  noiliiinftf?) 
-litfoo  TTort  lo  ni  ^.l  oil  tj^i!)\8aiiib?t>oqy-y 

nohibnoo  ahi  iiom  inili  i>(udyijrr//  baa 
tj/joiTiVi'fqniO  'iwJjo  lui  v^Ud  ;/u*  ^niboy'ul  i“’iJ 


46 


TERRA  MAREE. 


than  the  framing  of  new  plantations,  which  com- 
monly have  rugged  and  laborious  beginnings, 
the  ICine:  has  thou2:ht  lit  to  advise  him  to  desist 
from  further  prosecuting  his  designs,  and  to  re- 
turn to  his  native  country,  where  he  shall  enjoy 
such  respect  as  his  former  services  and  later  en- 
deavors justly  deserve.’’ 

A letter  written  by  Mead,  of  Christ  College, 
to  Sir  Martin  Stuteville,  thus  alludes  to  these 
events : ‘‘  ^ly  Lord  Baltimore,  alias  Sir  George 
Calvert,  being  weary  of  his  intolerable  plantation 
at  Newfoundland,  where  he  hath  found  between 
eight  and  nine  months  winter,  and  upon  the 
land  notliing  but  rocks,  lakes  or  morasses  like 
bogs,  which  one  might  thrust  a spike  down  to  the 
butt-head,  for  so  Mr.  James,  Sir  Robert  Cotton’s 
library-keeper,^  who  was  sent  minister  thither 
some  nine  years  ago,  describes  the  place;  his 


* Kichard  James  was  born  in  1608,  and  was  a very  young 
man  when  in  Newfoundland,  and  soon  returned  to  England. 
Educated  at  Oxford,  he  proved  a very  good  scholar,  and  although 
a clergyman  by  profession,  be  was  looked  upon  as  a trifier  and 
jester.  He  published  several  works  and  poems.  Some  have 
asserted  that  he  was  an  illegitimate  son  of  Sir  Robert  Cotton. 
He  was  that  gentleman’s  librarian,  and  without  permission, 
lent  a manuscript  w'ritten  by  Dudley,  an  English  nobleman  liv- 
ing in  Italy,  the  contents  of  which  being  made  public,  led  to 
Cotton’s  arrest,  and  broke  his  heart.  James  died  in  lGo8,  at 
the  house  of  Sir  Thomas  Cotton,  a son  of  Sir  Robert.  (See 
Atlieme  Oxonienses,  and  Gentleman's  Maga/.ine,  1767  and 
1768.) 


’K 

-(0OO  narfi 

»if6.hticiiif  ktifi  dv«(f  “y^friom 

.iyitvfe  oi  oj  fit  l<i:^ooifi  earf  ^sni/I  qiU 

i»e>i  i/Uf;  ij>iftijj*i  iiioil 

^iJ  ov^ihr  , "nit m^:>  oviigfx  aid  oS  xnu) 
-ryftnoi  ^id  e«  ^'j^qft^)•J  ilyr;« 

{beulalors'^^ 

fO^x^fioO  J>!TdO  lo  vd  midr^f  iQiiol  jyv«l 

i>b'^df  <>h  &^}bniln  mdJ  /iht/tM  liS  ot 

Baiiii  liiOvi  v24  ** 

nor];;J/TijIq  tid  }o  ^nhd  ^ho'/f/tO 

un97/jiyiJ  LixvfJi  ddu!  od 

odi  noqsx  bau  Oititt  bun  hhj^b} 

(>dll  lo  lyd/J  ^(rfiftoff  brtftf 

arfj  ot  awuh  Syf(‘q^  ji  Ji-nidi  i>rio  jbid>/  t?^od 

ft’nottoO  .ill  os  -jtd  ^hir>£!4}i;«f 

•lOiUidt  'latftlnim  .)0o*t  fM7r  odrr  ^n/jqmd-ruivJH 
aid  ;oQrdq  odJ  aydno^yb  fcic^JT  ouia  aaioa 


3tu:0^  Ytar  « #;cw  td  atod  tMV  ^ 

or  j/wru<to*J  ooo^  .biHiUiflwol.YdH  nr  «sHW  tfsnt 
dutrctlils  hit*  *i>rIodD‘»i'0'>a  ^ JnoljtO  tM  btmr>^h^ 

hf^4i  ^^•<»  ttoqii  b’jiottJ  ecvr  ■»<!  ^aoUtulot^  %d  K«n»{:jt9b  s 

^v»d  ‘^inoU  emdoq  bifc  2)h»>w  i>>dM<i<fu«^  9 0 .wPe’d 

,nfcir!.''>  n^doJI  iVd  \<i  uo-  '?>ftr*rtjh>‘ylil  n$  wj>v  ad  Jiirfi 
,ijv.|vi>i;(U'>-j  a<orf)»v  .ii  ( H'rt»tr.'duv^-i(  ^Miii  a«w  oil 

vii  rittiigijSlr  xiiS;  iqhi>mtmtn  g )aol 

)*  b*!  /4if<fu(j  uh^m  ^(i<$d  ^ rf  •JirjrJaoa  odi  nl  J{fli 

Jfi  tri  i'd>ih  twat  rrt>jii  tild  ^do»U  l>a«  ^Mk^i-us,  ft'<vaiK»0 

via  If,  ovfs  aomorfT  via  la  r^errorf' odJ' 

7d\l  ..'9ii#T-.  D i'd«  ^nOiaiaiaozO  wrwjiJ/s 

. ■ . IJiHU 


THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE.  47 


lA)r(]ship  cbie  last  summer  sent  home  all  his 
children  into  England,  and  went  with  his  lady 
into  Virginia.” 

Governor  John  Pott,  Samuel  Matthews,  Roger 
Smyth,  and  AYilliam  Clayborne  remonstrated 
with  the  Privy  Council,  in  behalf  of  the  Colony 
of  Virginia,  relative  to  Baltimore’s  visit.  In  a 
communication  of  November  the  thirteenth,  they 
state:  ‘‘That  about  the  beginning  of  October 
last  Lord  Baltimore  arrived  in  Virginia,  from 
his  plantaiion  in  Newfoundland,  with  intention, 
113  they  are  informed,  to  plant  to  the  southward, 
blit  has  since  seemed  wdlling  to  reside  with  his 
lamily  at  this  place.  He,  and  some  of  his  fol- 
lowers, being  of  the  Romish  religion,  utterly  re- 
fused to  take  the  oaths  of  supremacy  and  allegi- 
ance, tendered  to  them  according  to  instructions 
received  from  King  James.  As  they  have  been 
made  happy  in  the  freedom  of  their  religion, 
they  implore  that,  as  heretofore,  no  Papists  may 
be  suffered  to  settle  among  them.” 

Xotwithstanding  the  rude  treatment  he  had 
met  in  Virginia,  the  King  w^as  friendly,  for  in 
December  Baltimore  not  only  asks  for  a letter 
from  the  Privy  Council  to  the  Governor  of  Vir- 
ginia in  behalf  of  his  lady  still  there,  to  aid  her 
in  returning  to  England,  but  also  prays  for  a 
grant  of  a portion  of  land  in  Virginia,  th.c  King 
h'lrmrf  gh-ea  him  leave  io  choose  a part. 

The  tirst  winter  after  Baltimore’s  return,  a 


aM  il«  dmorf  t?^Rl  ^frfj  qiif&bmf 

vi)fi{  aid  dir//*  tn^»¥r  btfe  oinr  uottilhi-j 

’\i‘>f'ii^'ir/  oini 


7/>ppii  ^§v/^ii^SJi.U  hirm^iiB  adoVwovr/oO 
boir/iS-.noisie*!  ^ti^nd'/jifO  maUlIV/  hwi  tdi7jaS 
Xnnf^O  adt  lo  'dkihd  (fl  JhnaoO  r7ji*I  sdt  dli/r 
7i  al  Jisiy  of  •ijvitijfat  ,,uinr^*?iY 'io 

ypjii  .dim^hith  odf  v*dni*>roX’io  doitmusmafrio^ 
lodoioO  lo  ^aftrnjij/^d  oift  ^«od«  j/?.rfT“  iqWh. 
tyso'd  ^niarj^iV  iji  b^virtfi  bwJ.  I««t 

jfiOftn^jiH  jri^iw  d>nK{hocfolW9X  nJ  aid 

Jyir.  /rdli/os  arft  ot  iffcffj  oj  ^hanxTOtfff  tsHl «« 
fild  ffdvr  &bmn  oS  ^smilr/r  b&rn^o^  or) rh  ?iad  )nd 
4<>)  aid 'ify  onum  bun  pH  .ooalq  Mdf  ift 
•o’l  viTMit/  ,noi:s2rlo*i  daifooll  odl  'to jri^wol 

cfroitojJTtftni  ot  ^^ritbioD^w  modi  o1 


a30(f  07kd  79fit  PiA  :a.ttf/l  modi  f»0T?9*m 

liodl  to  uioh^oit  »tlt  ui  yq^jxid  dl'/tfii 
vaof  At?«iqii'^£' on  ^s^iuloioiod  ejr*  ,tr»Ji  9Tolqinrv/>dt 
p/foiH4  ofJtoa  01  od 

i»cif' oif  jaoffttJio  tr  ^Ajfri  oiil  ^j£jff>ff/«;*'rf)r//loX  ^ 
nr  To'l  ;^f)iKd'it  fiC,  )/  ^ai/l  ,idni^*iiV  ui  Sotn 
'rjtpjl  4s  i<yi  ijifo  ion  ^nomitlcU  tfwJm^idoCl 

-iJ*/  '1o  loii’tavoi)  ‘uii  ol  li  ^tioo\>  vvh^i  odlfipdi 
'r>il  i>iiii  or  Hfii  yjwl  md  \o  dtidod  tti  Mhi% 

il  'h>t  o^t/5  iml  Jntnl^^riE  ol  ni 

\>^v>'A  »V#  111  ‘to  iiohitv|  a^o 

»Vuv\ 

o e’^io/rnifuJl  fofi&  tolar//  j:mJt  oiiT 


48 


TERRA  MARIJE. 


fresli  interest  was  created  in  the  is’ew  World,  by 
the  arrival  of  a chief,  and  his  wife  and  son,  from 
Xova  Scotia.  They  were  treated  with  much  at- 
tention, particularly  by  Lord  Foulet,  in  Somer- 
setshire, and  Lady  Poulet  took  the  chief’s  wife 
up  to  London  and  presented  her  with  a necklace 
and  diamond. 

Pory,  the  celebrated  scholar  and  traveler,  and 
at  one  time  Secretary  of  the  Colony  of  Virginia, 
in  a letter  to  Joseph  ^lead,  chaplain  of  Arcli- 
bishop  Laud,  written  on  February  the  twelfth, 
1029-80,  makes  rather  a satirical  allusion  to 
Lord  Baltimore’s  attempt  to  induce  settlement 
in  his  plantations,  llis  words  are  : 

“Vow  for  the  King,  Queen,  and  Prince  of 
Xewfoundland ; they  have  no  relation  to  Vir- 
ginia, nor  to  my  Lord  Baltimore’s  being  there, 
wlio,  though  his  Lordship  is  extolling  that  coun- 
try to  the  skies,  yet  he  is  preparing  a bark  to 
send  to  fetch  his  lad}^  and  servants  from  thence, 
because  the  King  will  not  permit  him  to  go  back 
again.  And  for  that  King  and  Prince  so  much 
talked  of,  I hold  them  of  no  great  importance 
against  the  French,  by  reason  of  the  paucity  of 
their  subjects,  who  if  they  be  one  hundred  men, 
women,  and  children,  it  is  a great  matter  in  that 
hon*id  region.  But  if  the  principal  patentee  of 
that  nourishing  now  kingdom  can,  by  making 
show  and  ostentation  of  them,  elfect  his  project 
of  creating  an  ordo]-  of  l)aroncts  of  Xew  Scot- 


nmnl  ,im  bm^Uw  hl0  bim^^iolih  e^o  kvh^ 

4<i  if!>Uifi  Ifffr//  hiyUmi  mrfr  yoiff  j.llo-yd  H7oX 

-'IOJTIO&  lit  irrotl  vii 

‘VtiviT  H'  tiifdfo  ^Jl  “w4o«>J  toftiol.  J bna  ,aiiif%j)^a 

ivin  0obaoJ  ol  qu 
’^'  ' '"  •'  ' .bao0jHi!)  hrtjs 

f nh  ,tafavrr}j  Lnfi  ixalrtcfsfaf)  9i(i  ,7io^ 

.nh/i’^^r/  lo  YffoioO  Hih  ‘h  viftlovjf/d  ‘Jinil  ouo  :ist 
-'ihiA  Jo  niffb^o'}  J>-fioU.  ilqof<olr  o)  a nt 

fdjfihwt  aift  00  qoii-t<l 

01  jf>){Auih  lM:>hiUi^  ^ vMhm 

^Qfjbni  ^ a’a'iOinhluU 

. : O'tti  ef>‘xo/^  frill  ;^{jf  «i 

Jo  ^>‘)isf/i3  bfts  ooxiy  oih  tol  7^>Z  ** 

-ifT  o.t  fioiMaJ’  oiT  aviiii  */rjM  ; bmAfmftQj 
(Diaflt  rm  ot  luti  ,Kini^ 

•>nriu  > Ij  il;  ^ariiot/u  <|i<{‘<b‘?OwI  frhi  if^uotil  tOtlv/ 
ot  :hiid  >c  ^fihi;q*j'i<[  if  t>jl  jay  ot  vtl 

f ino’^  aXarr/'iaa  fjiji*  vbiil  v.fj  o)  bnaa 

OJ  jifiii  ^ifijioq  J^rii  Hi'//  *t>(iiX  01b  aaiifia'xl 
Oa  uauh^l  f>iji;  jiult  fuji  buA  .iiixs^xi 

a^XjcJioqciif  iiiajv  on  Jo  tuodt  hiuii  I Jo  buJlur 
to  (^)rof;iiq3ydt  ‘jift 

,ti7m  ljf>i^«0fi,6iro  a<f  'Toih  Jl  oib/r  ^laioolduM  iht(t 
Si'ids  nf  iwm 

'Jo  o^taajisq  ixiqf>rth<|  ‘if  tixll  ,^,.001^07  iHitorf 
j*tu;o;itr  Y^d  ,{;<n  i}0>j»:2,u?3l  y/oii  ^fUiiahwoD 
J )oiy'iil  <?it{  .(iDsf)  ‘io  Xfoi)/;hia.ti<o  bisn  7/1  >th 

v/aK  fo  fr,;jinrxx,<(  *h>  fw  ’^niinovj  *io 


THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE.  49 


laiul/  who,  for  £500,  shall  have  precedence  of  all 
Scotch  and  Irish  baronets,  of  all  EnHish  also  of 
a future  creation;  shall  have  the  privilege  of 
being  free  from  arrests;  shall  have  one  thousand 
acres  of  land  in  that  tract,  and  a ribbon,  with  an 
order  hanging  tliereto,  for  distinction’s  sake, 
then  I will  extol  him  for  his  wit  and  industry.” 

John  Harvey,  the  Governor  of  Virginia,  ap- 
jK)inted  by  King  Charles,  after  the  death  of 
Yeardley,  arrived  in  Jamestown  early  in  1630, 
and  he  seems  to  have  brought  to  justice  those 
that  had  been  rude  to  Lord  Baltimore  at  the 
time  of  his  visit.  A record  of  March  the  twenty- 
fifth,  1630,  reads : “Thomas  Tindall  to  be  pilloried 
two  hours  for  giving  my  Lord  Baltimore  the  lie, 
and  threateniim  to  knock  him  down.”^ 

O 

Xo  one  welcomed  back  Baltimore  more  cor- 
dially than  Charles,  and  a letter  written  from  the 
Castie  Yard  on  August  the  twelfth,  1630,  to  his 
old  fiiend.  Lord  Mentworth,  shows  that  his  rela- 
tions with  the  Court  were  very  pleasant:  “All 
here  at  home  are  as  your  Lordship  left  us,  saving 
only,  that  the  Prince’s  nurse  is  very  sick  of  a 
fever,  and  for  that  cause  another  is  in  her  room. 
The  Prince  liimself,  thanks  be  to  God,  is  very 


' Sir  W.  Alexander,  Secretvary  of  State  for  Scotland,  and 
called  by  James  “ hi.s  philosophic  poet,”  was  the  patentee  of  New 
Scotland,  or  Nova  Scotia,  and  he  sold  baronetcies,  with  heraldic 
tnedals,  Vtut  it  proved  a poor  speculation. 

^ Hening's  Suuutes,  vol.  i. 


"V/:  V'-4l\’V 

'V';i  ,tnhr 

!.r-*  ';'/■•  i'1  s I)ITj; 

I. 

:.  ;!  -n  Wl  <yvf\  . 

;•.  ivi'  ' "iO  ■'* 

,,'r  i:>Wl  ^ 

*)  f:  1 i jalr'fv 

i . ^ 

y ( y il 
■ 'r':d  liMlt 

■•  , 'I.'.'v  '■  'i:  'i  ' 

' I ' ■ i'  ;.^VT  ,» *<■  i:  I fii'Uis 

i ■ ■ /'riT'rl) 

: , . 

//' 

;/  ' J 0 Jt  iiliv/ 

i ‘vm  o,ri'jf>ii, 

:••  I .JjiUU  ,y 

-H/'t 

ih  !iy.»y{niil  ;>->4iliU  ^ 

■;“ ' '*TV*'.-/'^i  i( .viixfvl/v  * 

•',j. ,du 

i»vo>l  v> 

, V-.;  hi  iouq 
,,  .,.:V  * 


50 


TERRA  JUEIjE. 


well,  aacl  SvO  are  the  Kir.g  and  Queen;  and,  as  I 
heard  this  very  day,  the  Queen  discovered  to  he 
with  child  again;  hut  that,  being  yet  but 
women’s  news,  is  not  to  be  talked  till  everybody 
may  see  it.  I pray  Grod  it  be  true.”^ 

During  the  spring  of  this  year  Francis  West, 
who  had  been  Governor,  Wijliam  Clayborne, 
Secretar}",  and  AVilliam  Tucker,  one  of  the 
Council  of  Virginia,  were  in  London  resisting 
the  planting  of  a new  colony  within  the  limits 
of  the  settled  parts  of  Virginia. 

Baltimore  received  from  Cliarles  the  First,  sev- 
eral tokens  of  good  will.  On  March  the  thirty- 
first  a warrant  was  issued  ‘Go  pay  to  George  Lord 
Baltimore  £2000,  to  be  deducted  out  of  the  in- 
crease of  subsidy  on  raw  silk  importation;”  and 
on  the  third  of  October,  on  condition  of  resign- 
ing pension  previously  granted,  a pension  of 
£1000  annually  was  substituted. 

A few  days  after  this,  his  intimate  friend 
Wentworth  lost  his  second  wife  Arabella,  the 
beautiful  daughter  of  Earl  Clare,  which  elicited 
from  Baltimore  a letter  of  condolence,  imbued 
with  the  sublime  teachings  of  Christianity: 

My  Loed  : 

Were  not  my  occasions  such  as  necessarily 
keep  me  here  at  this  time,  I would  not  send  let- 


^ The  “women’s  news”  proved  correct.  The  I^rincoss  M.iry 
ivas  burn  May  4,  ItrU. 


I ij{fin  offt  ht-fl  Jby/. 

^7>dot  ^1C7  ibb  l>i^£>rf 

J'>7  *!avn4>n  ,?iirlT  ?ud  ;«r>^a  blhb  illvn 
\\)04iyyi^  5li)  h'7>(if4i  ©<i  ol  lao  &i  ,^7/o«  «’ii^a£tovv'., 
^’^fjfi'U  ii  boO  ^ Y/i^n 

,jaj5»W  *j44-'9'(  eldt  'io  ^niu|a  ^tft  i^nnnCI 

Js-knod^IO  jiOimyoO  h^iH  odw 

*k>”  oao  mfiilHV/'  hua  <p«^9ic»i>3 

7 v^»jjc;ieo7  xiobnoj  £ii  ,«ini^niV  1o  li^mioO 

5i’:?io:riI  9tij  niii^ivA  y.noloo  vjf  jfi  a io  ^«!iln/ilc{  Bi\t 

.iiiifi'g’iiV  ')o  ‘•11/wj  l>eli:da  odt  lo 
7i*s  ^UiIIl  f»iii  e«>h£5<IO  xaoil  b^'rhfm 
-vriiiii  0cft  ii‘yi«U  xiO  Mm  buo^  lo 

F/HKT  o^JOi^t.)  oi  7H<j  horj^ai 

-ti!  ydJ  l[o  b»3')  >ul-7b  ©d  bt  ^UOOS-l  aioinUiixil 

inm  '*;  jrohfti'iofjtrii:  v//n  ai> 

►fmb.91  'lo  /loilibuo^j  «o  a5hFo^:>0  ii-iiib  oti)  no 
ib  Jdorgaoq  4H  .iyjUUi’i^  »noipy?o4 

^ Jion/)iuda«  YjifiuxinA  0001 

baoiit  DJiiaiiifii  «tiif  ,-iUi)  io3t«  v/d!  A^ 

•9<it  .«ft;xbnA  ‘dm  \mw)^  aid  ml  •dnoy/iti^Vr 
boiiyilo  d'ddYJ^  hii3.  Iu^i^a^^^5d 

[K>]idni^oo(i»lobii.y>  *10  v>n^l  n swniid.^a 
: *^lhji4b&n4Q/^^  riiailuaa  i>dl 

; • ‘ :a/ioJ  tM 

-V','  7.' ••■. 

7 ^(rin'i?6»ood  fjji  ri'xiJ'  ftivoijsfKO'OKJ  yjn  ion  o^i')// 
-Joi  lw9a  Jo. I I>!i/0V/  I kilij  Jr.  OT»iI  dtii 

■oi.)^  .*vor>nW*t  '<JT  Ivivftvi  "fev*-.»n  e‘fls«n'*’*  *JT* 

.|K(»I  it 


V 


THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE.  51 

ters,  but  fly  to  you  myself,  with  all  the  speed  I 
C(mlcl,  to  express  my  own  grief,  and  to  take  part 
of  yours,  which  I know  is  exceedingly  great,  for 
the  loss  of  so  noble  a lady,  so  virtuous  and  lov- 
ing a wife. 

There  are  few  perhaps  can  judge  of  it  better 
than  I,  who  have  been  myself  a long  time  a man 
of  sorrows.  But  all  things,  my  Lord,  in  this 
world  pass  away;  statutum  est,  wife,  children, 
honor,  wealth,  friends,  and  wLat  else  ii^  dear  to 
llesh  and  blood;  they  are  but  lent  us  till  God 
please  to  call  for  them  back  again,  that  we  may 
not  esteem  anything  our  own,  or  set  our  hearts 
upon  anything  but  Him  alone,  who  only  remains 
forever. 

I beseech  his  Almighty  Goodness  to  grant 
that  your  Lordship  may,  for  his  sake,  boar  this 
great  cross  with  meekness  and  patience,  whose 
only  Son,  our  dear  Lord  and  Saviour,  bore  a 
greater  for  you;  and  to  consider  that  these 
humiliations,  though  they  be  veiy  bitter,  yet  are 
they  sovereign  medicines,  ministered  unto  us  by 
our  Heavenly  Physician,  to  cure  the  sickness  of 
our  Souls,  if  the  fault  be  not  ours. 

Good  my  Lord  I bear  with  this  excess  of  zeal 
in  a friend,  whose  great  atfection  to  you  trans- 
ports him  to  dwell  longer  upon  this  melancholy 
theme,  than  is  needful  to  your  Lor<lship,  whose 
’»wii  wisdom,  assisted  with  God’s  grace,  I hope 
suggests  unto  you  these  and  better  resolutions, 


1in<|  of  hi.s^  Twh^  (im>  7fit  HSi^iqxo  of 


'jo"t  Jmr^  rhj  I ibm^Z'j  at  v;o(fi  I fhhfyr  ffenio*/  V^ 
•rol  hufi  f>^  if  on  nh  os  Ji  o!Joa  oa  1o  aaol  edj 

.oliv/ a ?.»ni 
eiii  Q-IOifT 

niitfif  a ;£fioI  ovmf  odiv/  ,t  nedt 

ni  ^^b'roJ  x^'ci  rf^^nidt  Un  )tjE  .ewonoa  *io 
rslh/  ^lao  au^ifUii9  yf^ym  sASiq  bho?? 
of  y-Ao  J^ffv/  him  ^{ilfsav/  ^lOiioil 

1>4>0  ilfi  int>|  ^u<i  ‘>*ia  '/oiil  ;boofd  him  ifftoft 
\furt  f)'fr  tsiii  ‘'Jitud  w^jdt  *iol  lUto  os 

&l*ijur?if  ‘iuo  yo  jfi7/o  luo  myoisj  iort 

feirkmoi  oJv/ jQaola  mili  jx;cf  aoqw 

.*r079'IOt 

ot  H>^‘>nboo0  *^h(^hfi[A  fcltf  (foo'jp  fd  I 
euf)  Tr/>d  ^y>lQa  fihi  *io7  fWyici  qiiiblno,!  i«ot 
O'i^drr  ,/rytifjiSnq  him  haondo'un  rfjiv/  asoio. 

Si  'yiod  ^yffohijH  ban  l/ioJ  *ssob  luo  ^tioS  xhto 
o?.oilt  lodi  lybianoo  ol  him  ;rroT  nol 
oiii  JOY  /{ x’ior  od  7$ili  dz^uodi  f>noiifiilltrmd 
vd  Hif  oifsa  boi‘jiftiui<a  ^^.yntoibym  H'gjyiyvoa  7yd) 
lo  sBoa^MS  odJ  oiuo  oi  jindoisxd*!  yjtroyfiolt  wo 
tof?  od  rtrfbi  yilt  li  fSfiwS  wo 


wii^d  fl  lo  sqiuhdq  wol 


I' yx  ’io  aids  dih/  'in^d  IhioJL  71a  bo(»0 


If  in J f;p  •(  (j)  If  o bodif  z* , r^jSddyr  , bn  y i 'I'i  B ai 

7jad.>afdoiii  ^Ji!:t  noqa  %y^ao!  Ih'uh  ot  mid  ahoq 
Of^oibfT  ,qltiBlm)il  ‘uiox  oi  lutbopii  ar  cu^ii  ^oim>dJ 
y^p>d  J '^yjrfZi,  ^'iK>0  boSrthf^fi  .liiohahr 

^htfui  taivsrri  'I'ri  i jd  hllJi  Ot-Jili  UOt  OSiftJ 


52 


TEI^BA  J/JBEE. 


than  I can  offer  to  jour  remembrance.  All  I 
have  to  sa}^  more,  is  but  this,  that  I humbly  and 
heartily  pray  you  so  to  dispose  of  yourself  and 
your  atfairs  (the  rite  being  done  to  that  noble 
creature)  so  as  to  be  able  to  remove,  as  soon  as 
conveniently  you  may,  from  those  parts  where 
so  many  things  represent  themselves  unto  you, 
as  to  make  your  wound  bleed  afresh;  and  let  us 
have  you  here,  where  the  gracious  welcome  of 
your  [Master,  the  conversation  of  your  friends, 
and  variety  of  businesses,  may  divert  your 
thoughts  the  sooner  from  sad  objects,  the  con- 
tinuance whereof  will  but  endanger  your  health, 
on  which  depends  the  welfare  of  your  children, 
the  comfort  of  your  friends,  and  man}’  other 
good  things,  for  which  I hope  God  will  reserve 
you,  to  whose  divine  favor  I humbly  recommend 
you,  and  remain, 

Your  Lordship’s 

Most  affectionate  and  faithful  servant. 

Geo.  Baltimore. 

From  my  Lodgings  in 
Lincoln's  Inn  Fields,  October  11,  1631. 

Baltimore  had  not  the  slightest  sympathy  with 
popular  government,  and  he  viewed  with  dis- 
pleasure the  firm  and  manly  opposition  of  the 
Parliament  to  the  arrogant  demands  of  the 
.King. 

Finding  but  little  comiort  wliere  the  popular 


- - " ..  '"’S  " s’it, 

‘l!^'^_fei«»|;.v-(«(ji:ht4'I,#»ift-^i^<':.*«3..M-:0«OT^^ 
if®®t)x(fl'-%l«wiBtiit  W,a«<>ij*if>‘;<il)  0«  oo'^'Vaw  rliiwd 

r-W  ^l'  - t .»•  ■ ■ >■■  '^4  » -■-••Iff  » •.*^«.  -AivV' 

. -'*  -'TV‘'X  # ' •'  •■ 

««  Ot  8iJ  os  i 

■■'  ■ - ■ 1 ■ W 0|^  ,,J  --  ■ ;>-^ 

Bh^'i  Bnom  mpi^ 

efl  i>4ioo^i,  ’xuo'^  ol 

lo'V/fl<:kbhw  »iioiom;i5 

. -tf  .1  , a '/  •'  ' ^ f"'' 

•J0<)X.,  iiavijb  ^^fua  fBsaitOjimui!  to  %ianA7/bit»  ^ 
-iros>  ofU  1>a^  moil  lawooa^oiil 

fil>l#oil  tmi\  !^y  Ifivr  ‘loat^dff 

i ^iwJiiiiic*  "JJ?07  'io  oiwibV  a bao<pfe; 

idriJo  ^aam  hm  1^ 

i V “^OTXOMIl  lUw^  1 iluilfw  tch  Itf 

haoimaipyoi  xldxnx/d  Iio7JilfaiyiJ[>^^0i|w 

T # i <ntfiOTOTf)4iiitwa^ 

«^qid8l>io J 

^1xi43Tii>ii  Ii/tibijii  bm  oUiaoba^B  V 
^aSitiTJjift  .03()^ 

'*'  "■•  «j«IJi6oJ  i«i  ;« 

1881  Jl 

% "ifPW  ^ ’ 

^ tiil-tr  -tv^'4  A.y*f  '•its.  4ua4i  f<T>  f f i»  Aifk  4'>im  fimil  ^ 


Cl 


rfiiv/  vdJoqin 

,r  ■ r.  V'‘vif'  T / '-V  ->?-■  »,£■  . -,  ™ 

ditw  kBwair,  Of!  liiiir 

ofji  lo  iiuuiftoq4|o  iisrjA^  odiMtu^^ 

l^ofU  ^OoiiiiioL/^  oflt 

AulMqo^i  Oi!i"?r0dw  Ml ^iiii)0lj| 


■ THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE. 


53 


will  was  bc2:iiiniao-  to  control,  and  beiiior  a favor- 
ite  of  King  Charles,  liis  leisure  houis  were  occu- 
jiiod  in  w riting  a cnarter  for  a new  plantation, 
in  which  lie  would  be  made  sole  proprietor,  ivitb 
little  less  than  regal  powder,  far  above  the  wdll  of 
the  people,  and  at  the  same  time  contain  provi- 
sions that  would  be  attractive  to  settlers,  as  well 
as  pecuniarily  profitable  to  himself. 

After  it  was  prepared,  it  was  submitted  to  and 
approved  by  Charles  the  First.  Having  left  a 
blank  for  the  name  of  the  proposed  colony, 
Charles  inserted  Terra  Maria},  in  honor  of  his 
French  ivile,  Queen  Aviary,  as  Henrietta  was  fre- 
quently called.  Ogilby  says,  that  had  not  the 
King  used  his  privilege  of  giving  a name,  it  was 
Baltimore’s  intention  to  have  called  the  pro- 
posed new  settlement,  Crescentia. 

An  analysis  of  the  charter  proves  it  to  be  des- 
titute of  a single  democratic  clement.  By  it  he 
and  his  heirs  wqvq  created  true  and  absolute 
Lords  and  Proprietaries  of  the  region ; with 
free,  full,  and  absolute  pow*er  to  ordain,  make, 
and  enact  laws,  with  the  advice,  assent,  and  ap- 
l>robation  of  the  freemen  of  the  ])rovince,  and 
with  authority  to  appoint  all  judges,  justices,  and 
constables. 

The  freemen  could  only  meet  in  Assembly 
with  his  permission,  and  the  eighth  section  ex- 
]*ressly  provides  that  he  may  make  wholesome 
»'i\luumccs  from  time  to  time,  to  l>e  kept  and 


54 


TERRA  MARRE. 


cbservod,  on  the  ground  that  it  might  be  neces- 
sary, before  the  freeholders said  province 
could  be  convened  for  the  purpose.  As  he  could 
not,  by  the  laws  of  England,  make  the  Church 
of  Rome  the  established  Church,  a check  was 
held  on  all  religious  denominations,  by  securing 
the  patronage  of  all  churches  that  should  happen 
to  be  bailt.^ 

Desiring  to  be  just,  and  to  promote  what  he 
thought  were  the  best  interests  of  the  colonists, 
it  was  fiir  from  his  intention  that  they  should 
molest  him,  as  the  Parliament  were  troubling 
Charles,  and  as  the  democratic  Virginia  Assem- 
bly had  aimoyed  him  and  others. 

Believiug  an  aristocracy  to  be  a desirable  ele- 
ment in  society,  the  tirst  }>art  of  the  fourteenth 
section  of  the  charter  reads  thus : 

•‘Moreover,  lest  in  so  remote  and  far  distant 
a region,  every  access  to  honors  and  dignities 
may  seem  to  he  precluded,  and  utterly  barred  to 


* Clmlniers  says:  “The  rights  of  the  Parliament  were  care- 
fully alluded  to,  but  the  prerogatives  of  the  Crown  and  the 
rights  of  the  nation  were  in  a great  measure  overlooked  and 
forgotten.” 

Tiie  copy  of  the  Annals  which  1 have  used  in  my  investiga- 
tions is  the  presentation  copy  to  Lord  Hailes,  on  a leaf  of  which, 
in  the  author's  handwriting,  is  the  following: 

“ Sir  John  Dairy  nude,  Bart.,  the  aut  lior,  presents  these  Annals, 
which  had  never  been  written  bat  for  his  advice,  the  only  merit 
of  whicli  is  owing  to  liis  kinduoss,  as  an  ovitlcuce  of  tlie  <‘Oii- 
sideration  and  gratitude  of  the  author.” 


, '4,  ■1;’^'’'-' ■;  ' 

i.%mn  ^ 

m ,ti  :itiitt,f>«'^'^'i:s. 

'jiT  ioA»bf'ui‘Jor^  ‘>dt  oiv'iod 
/y.;<v?^M'M  ‘v.ri  'i.*:-l  lr.:?jviiO';  6‘i  kll/O  ' 
r.  „i.;M:Ki::l 

,^;;!  , '.I:;:-:' > -^>11  oino')  "o 

-- i , :iri, !■■*!,;  '-I.i* '^,J  ii- -’I  Uti  i-O  if':v''l 
. ..  ^ J.  ;:;,  VV  ■,;;.L'l'  -,i 


, '.',„U'  7;(i 

. ■;:  i»  r,' :>  i^O<.]. 

'.'  'I  - '.i‘  ! J '■ ' *'■  f 


I 1 ; • ;.  'V;  j ,i , i ‘i .' 

,.,,  '■>  » 

•.:'■)  "I  f 

,,  •/•.-  .1  yti'V 
i;  't»:-J  ■ | r^;i,l  f't? ' it 
■ , I ' , , ■ ii  i.;i  ^ 'Jv'iiJ ’>  ^ " 

;:  ('!  . '<7'” 

, .j ,,  ^.,  , ...i  .;  ,/•.-*  ,''-.i\  •' 

. , j , ; ..  Aii'it 

-^1  ■ 11  n ’■  11’'- 


THE  FIRST  LORD  BALTIMORE, 


55 


men  well  born,  who  are  preparing  to  engage  in 
the  present  expedition,  and  desirous  of  deserv- 
ing well  both  in  peace  and  war,  of  us  and  our 
kingdoms;  for  this  cause,  we  do  give  free  and 
pleiuiry  power  to  the  aforesaid  now  Baron  of 
Baltimore,  and  to  his  heirs  and  assigns,  to  confer 
favors,  rewards,  and  honors  upon  such  subjects, 
inhabiting  within  the  province  aforesaid,  as  shall 
be  well  deserving,  and  to  adorn  them  with  what- 
ever titles  and  dignities  they  shall  appoint.” 
Before  the  grant  was  formally  made  out,  Bal- 
timore became  sick,  and  after  sending  a fare- 
well'message  to  his  long  tried  friend  Went- 
worth, he  died  on  April  the  thirteenth,  1632,  and 
was  buried  in  the  chancel  of  St.  Bunstan’s  West, 
London.^ 


* George  Calvert  married  Anne,  daughter  of  George  Mynne, 
who  died  in  August,  1G22,  who  had  given  birth  to  ten  children 
before  he  became  Secretary.  Burke,  in  his  “Extinct  Peerage,” 
lueiuioiis  but  four : 

Cecil,  his  successor. 

Leonard,  Governor  of  Maryland. 

Anna,  wife  of  William  Peasley,  Esq. 

Grace,  wife  of  Sir  Kobert  Talbot,  of  County  Kildare,  Ire- 
land. 

George,  who  accompanied  Leonard  to  America,  it  is  thought 
died  in  Virginia. 

Tlio  lady  who  accompanied  him  to  Newfoundland  and  Vir- 
gisiia,  does  not  appear  to  have  been  his  wife,  and  Stuyvcsarit- 
•■■■lys  that  Governor  Philip  Calvert  was  an  illegitimate  son. 


a^sio\lva:\\kv\ 


awt 


ai 

*Ti''^Sia|»  ’it>  Et/(>’ife*jb  bnjQ  ^nofJif>«)ciZJ)  tntiao'iq  ail) 
*i|fO  !>oj5  feo  *10  fXuvA  Iniw  nt  /iJod  Ifovr 

bnft  dO'it  ob  ;tv/ «iiiij  ioIl  ; sinob^iii^l 

Ito  ItOHi^f  V/W  Oiii  ot  '!£>770»'J  Vllifl^tq 

lolaoo  or.f^it^mn  auii^d  ot  bim  .dioiwflliiU 
di>o$  iuxp/  hiUi  ^n'KiTfsl 

llftje  8i^  iiifiiiw  ^nhicffitbil 

-liJii^  ji  tivr  fjriuJj  ;nobR  ot  bitn  ilc>Y/- 

"\inioqq^  ilijif*-;  >sohia^ib  I>n»  rjlli) 

•k^r  (ino  oI>/mai  vjliinnot  E#r/r  Jairi^.  oHi  oiob:4t 
-o'oft  i;  ^olUiiOH  TOll/i  boii  .jjioie  moani 

4u^V/  biidhl  k>n/'  ^ftoi  isirl  „ot  \hff 

hiru  ,$rSbC  •^di  ihq  A no  boib  oif  ,ffho*f/ 


^uoYf  fe'xmjiiOjCI  J?/io  kofUijk  Qift  ni  botinAi  esw 

^aobnoJ 


.©iia^K  ^0  ,ona^.  b-4n-f*iiT  ItovIaO  ^g-so^O  » t 

n^-rHfrfa  uol  oi  dtrid  n^rig  b^cct  od  fi  ,£^31  ,l*«su//.  t*i  bsib 
•*  *t\d  di  9WA0-^<f 

: f wu1  iiid  twojiy^wfl 
,TOK!t'>50iJ»  e5«< 

To  TnmovoiJ'  ,biAaw*I 

%ot/ WiJI  ^uiuor)  ^<i  ,jWiAfT  ai^  3<'  t>’Wvi 

4ii  ii  o)  bti!/<K/3>I 

.jtiifi^niV  m 

-ii7  I^ift  oX  KJtdf  b»!»i^qrao:x'>*  orfv^  \t<rf 

rtfAn-sfr^olii  bflft  ei^l  iT'i^d  a^iwl  oJ  7i-.i»qq« 

MUt:  o3:.iif I fi^ttHi  a*  >‘i.'tt  JV»vlitrx  qtjii'l  ionio/<?b 


CECILIUS  BALTIMORE,  AND  FORMATIVE  PERIOD 
OF  THE  COLONY. 

[^^|;IITtEE  months  after  the  remains  of  the 
Lord  Baltimore  were  deposited  in 
— the  chancel  of  St.  Diinstau’s,  London, 
the  patent  that  had  been  promised  to  him  was 
formally  issued  in  the  name  of  Cecilius,  his  son 
and  successor. 

By  its  provisions  he  was  empowered  to  trans- 
port, by  his  own  industry  and  experience,  a nu- 
merous colony  of  the  Englisli  nation,  to  ‘‘a  coun- 
tru  lutherio  unculficaicd,  extending  from  AVatkin’s 
Point,  near  the  Liver  AVigho  [Pocdmoke],  unto 
that  part  of  the  Bay  of  Delaware  on  the  north 
which  lieth  under  the  fortieth  degree  of  north 
latitude,  where  Xcw  England  is  terminated.” 
The  charter  granted  by  Charles,  in  the  sixth  sec- 
tion adds:  ‘‘That  tlie  aforesaid  region  may  be 
eminently  distinguished,  above  all  other  regions 
of  that  territory,  and  decorated  with  more  ample 
titles,  know  ye,  that  of  our  more  special 

grace,  have  tlioiiglit  lit  that  tlte  said  region  and 

( ) 


.aM03H8  ilST'lAHO 

v'.-  ■ 

o ol  a VI  A ^3;lJ^M^;.J:AS 

■■■-  ■ mir  %o 

•V.  f. 

lo  9tit  *i^nr; 

Jiff  f»oJ!':0^|'.iL  f/fi)’/;’  /loiniiiiiH  fnoJ 

,noI>fioJ  ,^anhinf(I  *io  . Joiu.imb  »rft 

5X17/  mxil  W .ixi/ft  ixioIxiTf  dif> 

fios  eM  oxtiuit  ci^dl  ni  vjfxifxriot 

-eaci)  ot  bo7‘'j7/of|or>  e«7//>i{  axioi^^ivoKi  ^ii  {fi 
'Dii  SI  ^ooiVilv^f^y.  ^'  Jjfifi  vaJenbin  a wo  fiiif  y;<f  |}*(o<| 
0)  oriJlo  7/iofoo  ‘?rioT/fn 

h’nWjiiT/  nio  j'i  :i;»ijl»xiotzo  oV^'jAVsA  v.'<^ 

oliiTf/  ,[i>'/lomo7^>4]  '10 villi  oHj  iiioii 

ifhoxi  £)tfj  no  onruiitiAl  'io  viiU  otli  ‘lo  'i/Siit 
HJ'/oh  ‘io^oo^^vb  iflj'tiul  oif)  ’lobaiJ  Ahil  /iviilv/ 

'\bo|n(ji4noU  fci,  v/oZ.  /»i>ii3iifil 

ovs  xitzis  Of{J  ui  jimD  v«f  b'>}iu;7^  *i*>J*ijuiId  oil  T 
oci  'OfibiJ  :sbb«  iioit 

'fvdio  Hr:  ‘jvodii'.bojiniu^/iirtib  Tllndiirnio 
objini;  oiofii  dsvN  h'.yUn-j'oA}  btiii,Y;ioJj’not  JmlHo 

O'Kj/n  wo  'lo  hnU  ,0’<  woi^ 
biift.  ovft  3iuh  vA 


CECILIUS  BALTDIOBE, 


57 


i>jlands  be  united  into  a Province,  and  nominate 
the  same  Maryland,  by  which  name  we  will 
that  it  sliall  from  henceforth  be  called.’^ 
llayman,  in  his  book  of  Quodlibets,  published 
in  London  in  1628,  alludes  to  the  IS'ewfoundland 
plantation  of  Lord  Baltimore  in  these  lines : 

“ Your’s  is  a lioly,  just  plantation, 

And  not  a jostling  supplantation.” 

Tlie  same  could  scarcely  be  said  of  the  Maryland 
Plantation,  for  as  soon  as  the  charter  was  issued 
it  was  felt  by  many  to  be  partial  and  arbitrary^ 
[Members  of  the  old  Virginia  Company  im- 
mediately olfered  objections,  on  the'  grounds  of 
law,  ecjuity,  and  inconvenience,  which  were  sub- 
sequently followed  by  a remonstrance  of  the 


* Kent  and  Palmer’s  Isle  had  already  been  occupied  by  Eng- 
lish settlers.  Palmer’s  Isle,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Susquehanna, 
was  probably  named  after  Edward  Palmer,  of.  Leamington, 
Gloucester  County,  England.  Camden  says  he  was  “a  curious 
and  diligent  antiquary.”  He  was  an  uncle  of  Sir  Thomas  Over- 
bury. 

Fuller,  in  his  “Worthies,”  says:  “His  plenteous  estate  af- 
forded him  opportunity  to  put  forward  the  ingenuity,  implanted 
by  nature,  for  the  public  good,  resolving  to  erect  an  academy 
in  Virginia.  In  order  whereunto  he  purchased  an  island,  called 
Palmer’s  Island  unto  this  day,  but  in  pursuance  thereof  was  at 
many  thousand  pounds  expense,  some  instruments  employed 
therein  not  discharging  the  trust  reposed  in  them  with  corre- 
>»ponding  fidelityV  He  was  transplanted  to  another  world,  leav- 
itig  to  posterity  the  monr.ment  of  his  worthy  but  unfinished  in- 
luiun.  This  Edward  Palmer  died  in  London  a'oout  1620.” 


. , ^oxVivy^^'l  fi  oiai  hoinin  o4  er>nftfH 

-'  ‘)iif 

.'V^M  •\jt)ryflno  »(f  sitioJ^jou^d  moil  Hcde  ii  jjufr 
^tito^iiiboffS*'  !<♦  ^ood  efti  ii(  ^nufavi;!!  h 
b:ifiirmooW^>71  oiO  ot  itoftnIlG  ^8101  «i  nobmxl  iii 
;fO(ifi  us  ^’loiultlnlf.  bioJilo  noii^afthi 

. 'v^  eV.Ioti_4ii  9t  «Su<}Y'‘ 

^^.aoiuJarf^  jtif'  }i<tiiJtol  M Soa  iioA 

bfiid'/iftl/I  od/lo  hwH  0(J  vf  .vnGoa  bluoa  OflT, 

* A*. 

b^if/felrf  &G7/  9llj  ftfj  <iooa  lo't  .CtOfiGtililsI^f 

bvHiilidiG  bnj*  l.ofh«<f  (hI  ot  v/i^m  ^d  tlat  eftw  ti 
-rnrvffn’f/noO  fdo  odt  lo 

Jo  ebffifo's'g  ^lis  ifO  yloteife^m 

<!ij^  tn^v^  d-iufT?  ^oor:of(i*>7uo.>iii  b^n 
Oilt  to  oviiis':^y:ifO(ivy(  u {d  fiir/roHol  ’^fttioiJpOB 


/'8o3  ^<t  h9iiUiD0  n**3<f  vb»»*»»o  BiiJ  «*«I  t»rifl  jcsH 

^ao/.'t£«j/pe/<B  i»sfi  to  liio'irn  Jc  ,9l«i  e'T»aif**i  <f*it 

,njJ|ini(nr>.l  to  tSf/Ja  fyiatAa  ’(^Ufjtdvrq  hbw 

4.**  ^rrs'  1*4  a'j’jmBO  ,bfl/;f?i,nS  ,^l«uoO  laKlaoswolI) 
-1970  sfifCOiiT  ii'4  ty  9lc»ou  an  esw  9II  '.xiAi/piitta  l»a# 

Ac  ?»K‘'  ; •'^AT.  "’.iwIHtTOV/ **  «fl{  11? 

bdj.iiii'itui  ,-(7jra*»^ci  sHJ  feitfvn»»t  to<i  i,*l  )^Ji/i0noq*{[o  mid  iwbioV 
■(^iTiokh^^  an  B919  ot  jj^ar/lotvi  .bogjj  :>iJdiKj  sdl  iw'J 

,fao4Jiii  an  01!  uicifvitdw  al  a}/ 

J*>  -nW  f »i  tad  o)a» 

!v. V,  oru  - 4 ftu<>i|  bv.iWuio»il 

-91TOV  ii>i»r  lu.'iif  *ii  L>uM.\}\yn  umi  **0  ntjrindi 

-yjtal  thhf  fi  a9H)«>ti»;  o>  h-<  Uuii<f*:a4:'tl  «ow  aM  ' .xSthiA  ^ptiUno  fn 
-fli  'll.  ♦wii  7<!no7r  »?o!  *••  'flirWJi/JO-fJ  sdt 

''.tVitil  hfiht/i  huI,u<jA  iii  »«3UT  '* 

V. ■ ..  . ■ , 


58 


TERRA  MAREE. 


planters  of  Virginia.  But  the  Baltimore  influ- 
ence could  not  be  ov^erthrown  in  a Priv*y  Council 
where  he  was  esteemed,  and  a powerful  member 
of  which  was  AVentworth,  an  old  family  friend, 
and  on  July  the  third,  1633,  it  was  decided  by 
them  that  Baltimore  should  not  be  disturbed, 
and  a few  days  after  a letter  was  written  to  the 
Governor  and  Council  of  Virginia,  stating  that 
Lord  Baltimore  intended  to  transport  a number 
of  persons  ‘‘to  that  part  called  Maryland,  which 
we  have  given  him,”  and  they  are  directed  to 
give  him  friendly  help  and  assistance  in  further- 
ance of  his  undertaking. 

Cecil  Baltimore  now  earnestly  labored  to  col- 
lect a colony  for  embarkation,  but  he  found  his 
pathway  tilled  with  the  thorns  planted  by  oppo- 
nents. 

After  the  “Ark,”  a ship  of  four  hundred  tons, 
and  the  “Dove,”  a pinnace  of  fifty  tons,  were 
purchased,  it  was  whispered  that  he  designed  to 
carry  nuns  and  soldiers  to  Spain;  then,  after  tliey 
had  sailed,  it  was  reported  that  they  had  not 
coin}*lied  with  the  custom-house  regulations,  and 
Secretary  Coke  wrote  to  Admiral  Pennington, 
that  the  Ark  of  London,  liichard  Lowe,  master, 
carrvino:  men  for  Lord  Baltimore  to  his  new 
plantation  “in  or  about  New  England,’*  had 
sailed  from  Gravesend  contrary  to  orders,  the 
company  in  charge  of  Captain  Winter  not  hav- 
iiiir  taken  the  oath  uf  allowance. 

V.  O 


-iiinrif  ^7ori'uii/;.Cr  lo  rf&tiiftfq 

1i  >i!fK>D  vVh‘l  45  iif  odJofr  bljjoo 

■ «-.  ^ ?'«.  • > V-.  , - - ■ • ■ 

n^Jxrjfarti  mlKmovf  >n  rr  od  o t'ni  ff . 

jhiifmlj '/Iknid  Mo  x?x5  pjar  iljiiivx 'lo 

7/1  Bfiw  J:i:  Jnhlt  odt  vluL  no  Jbii/i 

^>d  4o<i  hi.onfri  frioruhljifl  xaoJt 

iMt  0}  itoiifivx  J8  rothi  s'/sib  //ol  g f>liB 

Ixxijt  lo  fit)nrroO  b/tft  'i0£no7o0 

« iiTOfjsiiXi'iJ  ot  bof)09iin*  oiouiuliitl.  [noJ 
tioi  dw  i'i«<{  lial>40i  **  aao^T^Hj 

0)  rm  y;>ilJ  f)n«  ix  r/i-w  S7/ 

iii  bixx^  qi'jil  vJbMoh't  msA  ovig 

fttii  *io  ouxja 

-foD  ol  byjocbif  •vJjgoixiXiij  7/0 if'  o'xofnij bill  Jio»D 
hiif  MriJp’i  ^tid  ^nohfi'Amdsno  -u^  vmoIoo  & bed 
•<K]f^|0  ^d  ^n70ji't  o<ri  flvlv?  bL>IM 

.ajfiou 

,B,ioi  I)‘ii.r>/J7jd  ’fuu\  lo  qiifa  e odt  nsfUi, 

0177X  fBitoi  'to  i>,0J3!!ni<j  B *\o7oCl.  odl  bcii 
01  boxriiisob  od  uufi  Mnenpitiv?  ntn/  Ji  fb^audirmq 
v'»(Ij  'iMin  /.t'>d?  ;itit;q3  ot  R^oibloh  Imo 
Joa  bisd  7od.t  )iidt  boJioq/i  Bnyr  Jr  ^Ivdiiie  bad 
bfiii  or.uod-moJ^wj  oi(j  Jjiv/  boHqtiioa 

Ifrrhub/i  ot  elmv/  et>loO 
<i7lf  irn  bnr.J  do  d^iA  od)  l/jdt 

'*>^a  oi^.o;M>o!ufill  b’jixl 
b^d  '’^bimij^iui  7/,/j^  tfiodu,, ’io  iii^^  aoitujurJq 
oifi  ,noh’to  oj  7xfc7)of)7  hfay*^?»7«nt>  xnofi  boUxia 
-7i‘d  Uiit  •\fj)oVfi  ‘Jo  ni  vdfiqnjoo 


EMIGRANTS^  BOARD  BILLS  UNPAID.  59 


The  vessels  were  • immediately  pursued  and 
brought  back,  and  on  the  thirtieth  of  October 
license  was  granted  for  the  Ark  and  Dove  to  go 
to  Maryland,  the  oath  having  been  administered 
to  the  passengers. 

Some  bills  having  been  unsettled,  complaint 
was  made  against  Lord  Baltimore  and  his  dep- 
uty, Gabriel  Hawley. 

It  set  forth,  that  Hawley  billeted  men  and 
women  for  Maryland,  at  twelve  pence  a da}^,  in 
the  houses  of  the  complainants,  and  took  them 
away  without  paying  for  their  entertainment, 
amounting  to  about  sixty  pounds;  and  that  Lord 
Baltimore  refers  them  to  Hawley,  now’ a prisoner 
in  the  Fleet,  and  they  ask  that  Lord  Baltimore, 
whose  ship  is  ready  to  sail,  may  be  ordered  to 
give  satisfaction. 

Sir  John  'Wostenholme  and  others  also  de- 
clared, that  they  had  been  at  great  charge  in 
setiling  an  island,  by  them  named  the  Isle  of 
Kent,  and  prayed  that  they  might  enjoy  free 
trade,  and  that  Lord  Baltimore  might  settle  in 
some  other  place. 

But  tow'ard  the  last  of  November  all  difliculties 
w’ere  surmounted,  and  they  reached  Cowes,  in  the 
Lie  of  'Wiglit,  w’here  probably  the  Jesuits  came  on 
hoard.  On  the  tw'enty-second  of  hTovember  they 
weighed  anchor,  and  steered  for  the  Xew  World. 

1 gentlemen,  not  twenty  in  number,  w’cre  on 
hoaid  of  the  Dove,  Captain  Winter  in  command; 


■yi  ‘0rf 

I sfiv 

'r,'>.>  i>f(i  6) 

aufJ  ot 

■•■,dv';:i  e^i<^  arno8 


9b,ivm  eu'ff 


‘,J  .7hil  [9!  i4f;0  ,itu 

„.:ft  [ ‘ <Hd}  So^  il 
'>,;rnvi/'  'i<'t  n^rao'flr 
' .;  f t 'lo  d:"-7;ir^il  OliJ 


,•  '1  • • • {;•  I Xfi7/B 

■ . h'"Jh 

■/••-. .’’t  1 

:.:( : j>.iQ 


; .-m!  7;;,.''  i^:'':  .''t'J/JJ 

.. 

■'  .'>■{■«  7' ; ■'  , i //  }f  > '»j>  i 

,',r.  :/■  -Vi  .17'  ,[7}»77i 

;/,h;  :ri: 

■(  ;■;  .f.  1-7  i 


60 


• TEEEA  MAETjE. 


and  the  laboring  men 'were  stowed  away  in  the 
Ark,  under  the  charge  of  Captain  Richard 
Lowed 

The  colony  was  not  religious,  but  commercial, 
ill  its  aims.  The  members  thereof  were  Prot- 
estants and  Roman  Catholics. 

Among  the  few  gentlemen  of  the  colony  were 
Leonard  Calvert,  aged  twenty-six  years,  and 
George,  a younger  brother,  who  seems  to  have 
lived  in  Yirginia,  and  died  there  about  the  year 
1067.^  The  two  councillors  were  Thomas  Corn- 
wallis‘and  Jerome  Hawley.  The  former  became 
a useful  and  vailuable  citizen  of  the  province, 
and  was  probabl3’  the  son  of  Sir  Tliomas  Corn- 
wallis. Jerome  Hawley  had  been  one  of  the 


1 Cecilius  Baltimore,  in  a letter  to  Wentworth,  written  from 
Odiham,  January  lOtb,  1G33-4,  says: 

“I  liave,  by  the  help  of  some  of  your  Lordship’s  good  friends 
and  mine,  overcome  these  difficulties,  and  sent  a hopeful  colony 
into  Maryland,  with  a fair  and  favorable  expectation  of  good 
success;  however,  without  any  danger  of  any  great  prejudice 
unto  myself  in  respect  that  many  others  are  joined  with  me  in 
the  adventure.  Tliere  are  two  of  my  brothers  gone,  with  very 
near  ttcenty  other  gentlemen  of  very  good  fashion,  and  three 
hundred  lahoring  men,  well  provided  in  all  things.” — Strafford's 
Dispatches  and  Letters,  vol.  i. 

2 Governor  Maverick,  of  Massachusetts,  wrote  in  October, 
1G67: 

“That  there  liad  been  a hurricane  in  Virginia,  and  it  was 
said  that  Lord  Baltimore's  sou  had  died.” — A'.  Y.  Col.  Docu- 


,»{t  i«  ,'/v.'3.,fcty7o;s  Vi->-ir  ivm  oili  Ixin 

(n;.,hd . 'xt}  lof.'-ar/  ,*A 

,!bwiofR»;!oo  )i.'d  .'’f  toft  f x'"  /.nofoo  oilT 

mX  jjill  fitl  fll 

rv:  ,v,  oii)  :s^iiomA  . 

fiii:  1 {■■V-K  inca09vl 

oihr  ;r Ji  ,9ji'f(VvO 

•Ui9Y  9t'fj  Jaodn  :yiOiM  hm  Jii  k».vff 

.(in»0  haaut.dT  -jii  T ^\0ol 

!'i a ;>.IT  . ':'y I 'J>  Ji II  uifiOTjt*  h'-ui 


'>iH  'io  V--0..  no'.'vf  ■/'irA'i.jlI  dAiu/iol»  .klil/iV/ 


■if.'i':» 

l.'Oi  ij 
V it 
Jli  OiiX 


.■:ii  ') 


^'.t'nhhi  I iiJ«-Oo  'ff  i"- 

V ly- irwti  ^ : bn4» 

•$o  V(^  ■«  rf5i*r  Oiiti 

' :rm  >r.tiiK,.  'cxiA^u  hI 

j!i7f  vm  'tft  t’Wi  oije  .ai»»)(i->7l‘»  oxU 

fv  t.'i;  I'O  mtUu 

arV'sirr-'-o’f'«- 

' ■ ’■■■■■^''■■- ■’ ' ■;  'V-.;  j' |■i^^>,:  %iS\ 

,*ni Jli  <’•  »:  -•.  f ^ ti  .tAxH  »* 

.\v.v»  ;i  l»A.:  ’•••tv  '.  'I'.vVtuiJt*!!  b*JoJ  411-tiJ 


LABOBING.  MEN  IN  THE  ARK. 


61 


i 


I 

f 


i 


gonllem?!!  sewers  of  Queen  Henrietta  Maria, 
and  was  soon  the  Treasurer  of  the  Colony  of  Yir- 
giiiia,  where  he  died.  Four,  at  least,  of  the  few 
remaining  gentlemen  were  sons  of  titled  Eng- 
lishmen, and  members  of  old  Roman  Catholic 
families.^  The  lahorins;  men  on  board  of  tlie 
Ark  were  largely  Protestant,  for  Father  White, 
in  his  journal,  says  that,  of  twelve  that  died  on 
the  passage  to  America,  only  two  were  Roman 
Catholics. 

Deepl}  interested  in  the  propagation  of  relig- 
ion, under  the  forms  Baltimore  approved,  he  dis- 
patched with  the  colonists  Fathers  Andrew  White 
and  John  Aitham,  alias  Gravener,  of  the  Society 
of  Jesus,  with  John  Knowles  and  Thomas  Ger- 
vase  as  assistants,  two  of  whom  appear  on  the 


'In  “A  Relation  of  Maryland/’  published  in  1635,  repub- 
lished in  1865,  is  a list  of  “very  near  twenty  gentlemen,”  who 
were  with  the  first  colony  : 

Leonard  Calvert,  George  Calvert,  his  Lordship’s  brothe  . 

Jerome  Hawley,  Esq.,  Thomas  Cornwallis,  Esq.,  Commis- 
aioners. 

Richard  Gerard,  son  of  Sir  Thomas  Gerard,  K.  13. 

Edward  Wintour,  Frederick  Wintour,  sons  of  Lady  Anne 
IVintour. 

Henry  Wi.seinan,  son  of  Sir  Thomas  IViseman,  Bart. 

John  Saunders,  Thomas  Dorrcl,  Edward  Craufield,  Captain 
John  Hill,  Henry  Green,  John  Mo.dcalf,  Nicholas  Fairfax,  Wil- 
Lam  Saire,  John  Baxter. 

Fairfax  died  at  sea. 

G 


•■‘1/::  '',lr,^n’r!<iH  "^o,  9.w'mr-, 

' j.,  j<om a6trSr;I>iijv 

.,,iil  "V-:,  ,;vrr^:  "h.  J)';;d  od  -..•I‘>«'l77 

• I -..(it:,'  ;■}  I'/.,,-'.  ‘".niitiBam 

■;.'!-  ,i  i/'-'.  ’<■"■  ‘J br U' eiu>fti4u 

'i,.;''^  "•■  ■ ' "'^iv  '»  ' '■  1 •/I'l  /*. 

,J  ;!:  . ■ : .-  '•.'  :!.■:<!  -rn::i  ;.it::  -joi,  ei<{  HI 

^y::U  ■ ■ ■ ■■  ■ ■ - ' ' -■■■'•'■  -“i’ 

,.  •jdojitsib  ' 


, :■ ' '/  .byrlvicq 


j ,T  ' v"ti  ai  h\>  V:f(' '■  j ' .,. 

■,a’.M  .•'  Ui\'(%  V (iJvv. .'  t'  rti 

. i 1 3 . > 1 i.f  fe’ '1  i d •■{. tn 0- -i  'i-  . J t ' 

i.j'j  ,f4fu.  it.nx;  ■! 

I i ,y:  ' I.t‘)  -'i  ' ' ;l,  -'■■  :■  'i 

• ■,•:!,'  •.,•.■?;'»■  . ' 


:,;  (<•';  "'Vi'i  A ’*  * ■ 

' 'in  ■ ;I  i.  >.:  HI 

•>  roi?  i'nU  dAiw  .stow 

,•  •,  0’ tmjfi'j I 

.„  ; *'>■’  j„''i  V:  ■ 

.■73K'.in: 

;?4.‘  i;;  -' 

, . v;/:  Vi*-3»Il  ,MiH 

, , "/•  va  il'JOl 

: •■'  jj.  !ojS/ 


62 


TEJRRA  MAR  RE. 


catalogue  of  Jesuits  of  Clerkenwell  College,  that 
was  in  1627  broken  upJ 

After  tarrying  twenty  clays  at  the  Barbadoes, 
and  fourteen  at  St.  Cbristoplier’s,  Leonard  Cal- 
vert and  party  arrived  on  the  twenty-fourth  of 
February  at  Point  Comfort,  Ya.  Visiting  Gov- 
ernor Harvey,- at  Jamestown,  they  did  not  leave 
that  point  until  the  third  of  ^larch.  On  the  fifth 
they  were  at  the  mouth  of  the  Potomac,  and 
then  ascending  fourteen  leagues,  they  came  to 
St.  George  Isle,  and  anchored  at  an  island 
near  unto  it  which  they  called  S.  Clements,” 
where  they  set  up  a cross,  and  took  possession 
of  this  country  ‘‘for  our  Saviour  and  for  our 
Sovereign  Ijord  the  King  of  England,”  with 
ceremonies  very  similar  to  those  which  a poet^ 
has  described  in  connection  with  the  planting  of 
Christianity  in  Great  Britain: 

In  the  bright 

Fringe  cf  the  living  sea,  that  came  and  went, 

Tapping  its  planks,  a great  ship  sideways  lay  ; 
i\nd  o'er  the  sands  a grave  procession  passed, 

Melodious  with  many  a clianting  voice. 

Nor  spear,  nor  buckler  had  these  foreign  men ; 

Each  wore  a snowy  robe,  that  downward  tiowed; 

‘ These  names  are  taken  from  the  Catalogue  of  Clerkenwell 
College,  in  the  Camden  Soc.  Publications: 

“.Toes  Gravenerius. 

“Thomas  Gorvasii. 

“Piiilippus  Fislierus,  alia>t  Musket.’’ 
l'i.-?her  was  at  .Sr.  Mary's  iu  lu-'A). 

^ Alex.  Stniih,  in  “Edwin  of  Deira.’’ 


63 


AEIUVAL  AT  SAINT  MAEY. 

Fair  in  the  front  a silver  cross  they  bore, 

A painted  Saviour  floated  in  the  wind; 

The  chanting  voices,  as  they  rose  and  fell, 

Hallow'ed  the  rude  sea  air.” 

Leaving  the  Ark  at  the  island,  Calvert  in  his 
pinnace  ascended  the  river  as  far  as  ‘‘Paschato- 
way,”  when  he  met  Captain  Henry  Fleet, ^ an 
Englishman  who  had  lived  main'  years  among 
the  Indians.  Descending  the  river  again  with 
Fleet  as  a guide,  he  was  conducted  up  a small 
tributary  to  the  Indian  village  of  Yoacomaco, 
which,  being  well  situated,  was  purchased  from 
the  Indians,  and  on  the  twenty-seventh  of  Marcli, 
1634,  the  Governor  took  possession,  and  named 
the  place  Saint  Mary’s.  Three  days  after  the 
Ark,  Avith  the  tAvo  pinnaces,  came  up  from  the 
island,  and  the  next  day  they  began  to  build  a 
block  and  store-house,  the  colonists  living  on 
hoard  of  the  ships  until  they  AA'ere  completed. 

A feAV  days  subsequent  Governor  Harvey,  of 
Virginia,  visited  the  infant  settlement. 

They  found  the  country  aa’cII  stored  Avith  corn. 


^ The  Admiralty,  on  July  10,  1034,  received  the  following 
petition  of  George  Griftith  & Co.,  proprietors  of  the  ship  AA'ar- 
wick,  of  London: 

“Three  years  past  they  set  forth  a ship  to  New  F.ngland  and 
Virginia,  for  trade  and  discovery,  and  appointed  IJenry  Fleet 
their  factor,  with  commission  to  return  within  one  year;  but, 
by  authority  of  Sir  John  Harvey,  Governor  of  Virginia,  Fleet 
has  restrained  tlie  vessel,  and  proflts  to  the  petitioners’  great 
lo.-s."— C'v',  Stale  lufjen-,  Col.  Su-.,  p.  184. 


■■'t  rr'i 


TERRA  MAREE. 


G4 

and  the  Indian  women  taught  them  how  to 
make  it  into  bread-.  The  ground  being  pre- 
pared for  cultivation,  they  made  gardens,  and 
planted  English  seeds  of  all  sorts,  and  the  sum- 
mer proved  very  favorable  for  vegetation. 

As  soon  as  the  plentiful  harvest  of  the  first 
season  was  over,  finding  that,  with  what  they 
had  purchased  from  the  Indians,  they  had  more 
corn  than  ^vas  needed  for  the  coming  winter,  the 
little  Dove,  a pinnace  as  dear  to  the  descend- 
ants of  liOinan  Catholics  as  the  Mayflower  is 
to  the  childrciEof  Puritans  in  America,  sailed 
from  Saint  !Mary  for  Boston,  laden  with  grain, 
and  for  the  purpose  of  cultivating  friendly  rela- 
tions with  tliC  Colony  of  ^Massachusetts,  over 
which  the  gentle  and  dignified  AVinthrop  pre- 
sided, and  whose  descendants  to  this  day  have 
maintained  a character  for  personal  bravery  and 
scholarly  culture. 

Erom  the  time  that  the  Dove  first  appeared  in 
the  harbor  of  Boston,  vessels  constantly  coasted 
from  colony  to  colony,  exchanging  products. 

The  crew  at  the  time  of  their  visit  did  not  be- 
have very  well.  It  was  a rule  of  the  port  that 
all  vessels  should  anchor  below  the  fort;  also 
that  no  one  should  land  without  a permit,  and 
that  all  sliould  return  to  their  ships  by  sunset. 

Tlie  sailors  of  the  ^laryland  pinnace  did  not 
like  thus  to  be  ‘‘cabined,  cribbed,  and  eontined,” 
and  leaning  over  the  side  of  the  ship,  they  gave 


MABYLAND  SAILORS  AT  BOSTON.  65 


vent  to  their  animal  spirits  by  shouting  nick- 
names to  the  Puritans  on  sliore,  calling  them 
the  ‘^brethren/’  and  the  “members,”  and,  saith 
the  grave  AVinthrop  in  his  journal,  “did  curse 
and  swear  most  horribly,  and  use  threaten- 
ing speeches.”  These  acts  caused  virtuous  in- 
dio'uation  amono;  the  “solid  men  of  Boston.” 
The  Governor,  his  assistants,  and  the  divines 
were  all  consulted,  and  it  was  decided  that  an 
example  ought  to  be  made  of  the  evil-doers;  but, 
as  the  sailors  were  not  on  land,  the  knotty  ques- 
tion arose,  how  shall  we  obtain  them  from  the 
vessel?  The  Gordian  knot  was  at  last  cut,  by 
arresting  the  innocent  supercargo,  who  hap- 
pened to  be  on  shore,  and  causing  him  to  give 
bail  for  the  appearance  of  the  oftenders  on  the 
day  fixed  for  trial. 

When  the  men  of  the  sea  were  brono-ht  to 

O 

court,  a greater  difficulty  arose,  for  no  one  could 
positively  swear  as  to  the  identity  of  the  man  or 
men  who  had  jeered  and  blasphemed,  and  the 
case  was  therefore  dismissed,  and  a letter  writ- 
ten to  the  captain,  requesting  him  to  bring 
among  them  “ no  more  such  disorderly  per- 
sons.” 

These  prejudices  against  Puritans  were  not 
eniirely  confined  to  the  mariners  of  the  Mary- 
land province.  In  the  beautiful  narrative  of 
bather  White's  labors  among  the  Piscatoways, 
not  manv  miles  l.^olow  tlio  siie  of  the  Citv  of 


^(ni^ojOfh-  u*^!:iiiir.  ift>iil'  cj 

.a^iorfa-,  ao.  »..r/:ih-y^l  odf  os  i-'-nudn 

li ? ? , l»flc - .'1  i hfui  '^a'ndf^jvl  o<m 

i^f^h ''  iit  qint^JitiV/  t>i[,T  ' 

•viiv’.'/iriiiJ  Mif.  i^uf^  tiidi'nod  iMOirr  'jr,t)Y<-0  Imis 
-ai  :■  t lVYStfj«->  f'jaw  •>^vjf.T  . pai 

in  ::o!^i  :>jli  nouau^^ft) 

?{>f.itYi.|j  tjih  laif)  ,Kf jiiiil  ^loinovoO  &dT 
nr:  f,;vla-‘‘ji>  ii  ,f*/u':  i>ri  oig'#  , 

,.  rj  ;g'j:Y<:'.ij-'r/.Y  -vii;  '}■■.■  v-ha.il}  vd  ot  id^^iK)  ‘>iqave%^/.' 
-?  >;i(»  (JhJioi  -.irfl  .ba»d  h ■ r<.;i  rTw/  *.To{f>r»  ^}di  «*i  ■ 
..•it  uioii  (aviiJ  f:;a;di,)  ‘‘vr  vrori  fK>it 

v-j  Jir.i  Jik  tuiV/  iQijvl  i<i;/b'ioO  y4T  hSfiSYY 

-.'liid  od'/r  .oi^.ta/iyqra^  i.iriyoaai  ydi  ^ulj«.yT?n 
’nil  « J rriiil  fVa>)  •,  iib  od  f.v>a.e.({ 

oil ! ..-di  'io  adJ  tol  ifad 

.iia  ji  ‘i(A  b'jy.it 

<-t  jiLmmo  ‘rij-vr  fj  'd  9i[:j  'lo  ny(:i  oiij  ijydV/ 
i'Kt'i ) ’»no  o/i  'lot  , >'(yin  ’{Jiu'jihib  a 4*j>jco 

'!•;.  ;rji'if  y.d'i  'a,'  vtliaoid  odj  oi  -a  'jr.rYH 
oih  lam  lai/:  barf  oji//  noai 

• t!  i7/ •lyttvf  r.  l.vfa  Jjvbr.riro 'b  o'rdlo'i'afl  yaao 
i'  aui  oiil  0}  uot 

“lOfj  {]  rrlnoHib  tlyiv;  o'loiu  ofi " uojifi  ^nomsi 

'\blioh 

I ' ' 1 5.  ’yvn'  ••■■d, r.* ',i..i»s  vt’«  i ' ‘ V 1 

'.'UJI  li  » ^:-r  I /i  ! ■■  k ;. » ! ‘1  A-il  '.  j-J  bviJilfSOy  1 .}  ’ 

’:o  wiJij'naa  i«/bji'i.-Mi  .^'ir  ,*>*aftvo'a|  bind 

vd'!  iifioaoi  ri<:du[  r^’vjld  //•' “joifia  d 
'l»*  vji\>  oilt  oi  '..'dr  v. . ^r.db  i viO-^ai  loa 

• ■ 


• 


66 


TERRA  MARINE. 


Washington,  he  gives  a reason  for  the  affection 
of  a chief  of  that  tribe  for  him  and  his  col- 
leas^ues. 

The  savage  told  him  that  he  had  a dream,  in 
which  he  saw  his  deceased  father  worshiping  a 
dark  and  hideous  God ; at  a little  distance  was  a 
most  ludicrous  demon,  accompanied  by  a settler 
named  Snow,  ‘‘  an  obstinate  heretic  from  Eng- 
land;” at  length  Governor  Calvert  and  Father 
White  appeared,  in  the  company  of  a beautiful 
God  of  exceeding  whiteness,  who  with  gentle- 
ness beckoned  to  him  ; and  since  that  vision  he 
‘liad  been  drawn  by  cords  of  love  toward  the 
black  robes. 

According  to  their  prejudices,  those  who 
peruse  this  story  will  call  it  a wonderful  Provi- 
dence, an  Indian  superstition,  a Jesuit  fiction,  or 
will  say,  “ credat  Judreus  Appella;”  but  what- 
ever the  conclusion,  it  proves  that  some  one  had 
impressed  the  untutored  savage  with  the  belief 
that  those  who  were  not  Eoman  Catholics  were 
heretics. 

But  while  religious  differences  existed,  Leon- 
ard Calvert,  as  governor  of  the  province,  seemed 
to  protect  all  in  their  conscientious  scruples,  for 
had  he  oppressed  them,  they  would  have  crossed 
the  river  to  Virginia,  where  settlers  were  so 
much  needed,  and  the  enemies  of  the  colony 
would  have  triumplied. 

The  first  Protestant  colonists  were  principally 


■ ■ ■ m 

: r:,;:  Ofi  ^•n'orgctii{8H''7r 

\ln^  'io.  'iifiilG  ■■ii-  'k>' 

; ; : . ■ , - ■ yd 

; '■'  : lyui  ylir’b 

;y:  'i  h*ij(Xl 

:.yi-o  ij/i  •'■  ;y'' y -'  .'■  bvinefr 

'■v;ov>  :/ii  b bfis[ 

y:i;  (b  ,fv>  Ji  t'JjfdYir - 

ibi  ;f  •v/?n,,;j '50  boO 

7<f  hfid' 

’yvi*'  y*  'yyb’iO'to- A. 

bi-y  '-yoi-'-  -bVb 

^ ■■  |■^•^  yrb';;l  yy  , 

• ' AVy,  ,7r^  iihr 

y.:  yyi  yiA  1'.' .yiyini 
■ , ' y;,’:,  r-!  7 ' -yl't  fj:d! 

,-.yy,vd 

- 7 . : \ y Vi  v<  .i ' : y ? i?  J'l 


■■  7 1 '.>y  bd  ) 

Infj 

r;  y,:.  ^ 

f\  yt 

/'  f-T  l-jyi'f 

yd! 

v:iia 

,y  ■; ; y.'P;d  Id 

{'l  !'  ••"// 

TPIAL  OF  ILL  I AM  LEWIS, 


67 


indented  white  servants  and  poor  young  men 
who  came  to  seek  their  fortunes.  They  had  no 
guide  of  their  faith  furnished  by  the  Proprietor 
for  the  cure  of  their  souls,  but  in  their  chests  a 
few  books  had  been  placed  by  anxious  friends 
and  parents,  that  had  proved  sources  of  comfort 
in  hours  of  doubt,  temptation,  and  loneliness. 

Thomas  Cornwallis,  a councillor  of  the  prov- 
ince, had  a number  of  white  servants  under  the 
care  of  an  overseer,  named  William  Lewis.  One 
day,  in  the  year  1638,  these  servants  were  listen- 
in  sr  to  the  readiim  of  sermons  written  bv  the 
eloquent  Puritan  divine,  known  in  England  as 
the  “silver-tongued  Smith, ’’Mvhen  the  overseer 
in  a rasre  said  tliat  “ the  book  came  from  the 

O 

devil,  as  atl  lies  did,  and  that  lie  that  wrote  it 
was  an  instrument  of  the  devil,  and  that  they 
should  not  keep  nor  read  such  books.”  Chris- 
topher Carroll  and  others  of  the  aggrieved,  com- 
plained of  this  abuse  to  the  civil  authorities,  and 
to  the  credit  of  the  Governor  and  Council,  Lewis 
was  found  guilty  of  an  offensive  and  indiscreet 
speech,  and  lined  five  hundred  pounds  of  tobacco. 

Late  in  the  month  of  bTovember,  of  the  year 
1637,  John  Lewger,  tlie  most  remarkable  man  of 
any  that  had  hitherto  arrived,  appeared  at  Saint 
Mary.  There  came  with  him  Ann,  his  wife,  his 
son  John,  nine  years  of  age,  three  male  and  three 


Woo<l’s  Athf'uro  Oxoniensos. 


C8 


TERllA  MAKLE, 


female  servants,  and  a boy,  Robert,  twelve  years 
old. 

On  the  previous  fifteenth  of  April,  he  had 
been  commissioned  in  London  as  secretary  of 
the  province,  and  collector  and  receiver  of  all  his 
Lordship’s  rents  and  revenues.  Subsequently 
lie  was  privy  councillor,  attorney-general,  and 
judge  of  all  causes  testamentary  and  matrimo- 
nial. 

lie  had  been  a college  friend  of  Cecil  Balti- 
more at  Oxford,^  a commoner  of  Trinity  College 
in  IGIG,  and  received  the  degree  of  Master  of 
Arts  in  1G22,  and  was  made  Bachelor  of  Divinity 
at  the  same  time  as  Phil.  Xye,  afterward  prom- 
inent in  the  Westminster  Assembly  of  theolo- 
gians. 

In  1G32  he  was  a minister  of  the  Church  of 
England,  in  Essex,  but  under  the  influence  of 
the  acute  disputant  Will.  Chillingworth,  he  be- 
came a Roman  Catholic,  and  by  a singular  coin- 
cidence the  proselyter,  who  was  a god-son  of 
Bishop  Laud,  very  soon  returned  to  the  Church 
of  England,  and  became  the  author  of  the  oft- 
quoted  sentence:  ‘^The  Bible,  and  that  only  is 
the  religion  of  Ih’otestants,  and  every  one,  by 
making  use  of  the  helps  and  assistances  that 
Cfod  liad  placed  in  his  hands,  must  learn  and 
understand  it  for  himself  as  well  as  he  can.’^ 


'JfiJ'I  iroo")  '!'■'  i>!s,v'  ^ ■ ;•  ; : ..j  j | 


f :i.:v^'vr  Irlli■v■'::•>^^;^/-• '-'V  ‘ ■ ; ' J 

■ ' • ' . • ; , 
r -';..r.lJ  .to  7i^’ M.1'..----  .'.  V.  > ' • ■ ,,;  ..  ’:!J‘  ; 

'■  > I'i  ti  -■  ■■•  ■'  i .•;« 

^ -y  0''0ll;,a  ‘H?f  'O  !'i:  I . j "J 

V - •!.!  ,][;■(■  .U:'.'f  ):u:U:  * y ■ ' ' ■>  j | 

C:  , ,.i;!:.r;.;0!-.  y ^■''  :»'0;  . ' O' .)  / ...  .;>  '.lO'V'''.'  < 

I'  ■ . ^ '•■■■•  r-o;  ' O'  /U  I ‘O^c 

I 1</0  0:U  ’)'{i  ifiurju^i  i .'  - , •'■ 

f'  ..■  ..  ‘ yiT-  ; ' , ■ :l 

. s , . , -„  ' „ ■,  ..  . '.5'  ''.-i/',  . i..-  ' , t*  '!  JiO'ir  ■ ■'  ' " 

■ , ..  ...  . , ,.'  . ; ' ' i r,-  y ! ; '. ' ;1  IjOiJ  'I 

. .. ,!  , 1-  ■•,!.,  0 ■>!*.■.: ■ i'>I.n.o.;  , 

■ - ■■  I 


SECRETARY  JOHN  LEWGER. 


G9 


Lewger  was  chagrined  when  he  learned  that 
Chillingworth  had  reverted,  but  the  latter  an- 
swered his  wrath  in  a kind  letter,  entitled 
“Eeasons  against  Popery,  in  a letter  from  Mr. 
TTm.  Chillingworth  to  his  friend  Mr.  Lewger, 
persuading  him  to  return  to  his  mother,  the 
Church  of  England,  from  the  corrupt  Church  of 
Rome.” 

The  letter  somewhat  appeased  Lewger,  and 
he  had  a conference  with  his  old  friend,  in  the 
presence  of  Bishops  Skinner  and  Sheldon. 

Deprived  of  his  benefice,  a married  man,  with 
no  means  of  support,  Cecil  Baltimore  made  him 
Secretary  of  Maryland,  and  sent  him  to  assist 
his  brother  Leonard.  In  the  provincial  assem- 
blies he  was  influential,  and  in  that  of  1639  he 
voted  twelve  proxies. 

In  this  connection  it  is  appropriate  to  allude  • 
to  the  name  of  Thomas  Copley,  Escp,  which  ap- 
pears in  the  earliest  records  of  the  province. 

He  entered  lands  for  Fathers  "White  and  Al- 
tham,  and  thirty  others,  in  1635,  one  of  whom 
was  “Francisco,  a mulatto,”  brought  in  by  Father 
White,  and  the  first  slave  in  the  colony  of  which 
there  is  any  notice.  Copley  appears  to  have 
been  the  land  agent  for  the  Jesuit  fathers,  as  an- 
other record  says:  “Thomas  Co[)lev,  Esip,  de- 
mandeth  four  thousand  acres  of  land,  due  by 
conditions  of  plantation,  for  transporting  into 
this  province  himself,  and  twenty  able  men,  at 


;^t;-  ':».&I.tij:i^^^  fwMSW# 


■>l^(*?'"ia‘««l»  rwioa-iwfl 
,S|iT«Sl^M"i>«ii^  ''rf^o-*»:8m«i49,  .mW^ 
»dJJ  ,^9rf»C0(a:,j^  fo*'  «»W'^  T^utbjuwi^  . 

^SlTid  j{9i»^3ito'««o<*^  tfciiBisoS  io  riOTOdO 


ki'v. 


'*dd/xii  Mo  M^pivf  ^^ne>n^oe>  n bi^  exC  ^|; 

bi*«  ^amiAB  «qoxt«i3lo  ^a«i9«yiq 
,o«ccr  boi-nRfn  e wd  lo  bovhq^Cl'  ^ 


diiw 


mid  ^&xa  ^toxfliJixiS  lisw^O^^ ^ «fi4i9iia  ;on 
iafaaiA  ot-mid  tiis*  6«wi  W m 

-‘Ot^a<tn  f/d9itiT0iq  ©dt  ixT  .bieiJOdil  i^xficud 
ddJSdl  \o  ;t«dl  fsi  bW  «fiJTtn‘>ijam  ?^w  ^ 

^ jM  -'  ■^««i'".&9ixoiq'.9vbwl'f>9ioT 

ebutfA  d^  oiRhqo*i«|q0  ai  xiof^odxjopo  «id^  fli 
-qa  doidbw^  anmodT  'io«9m«a  ddJ  . 

lil  .99«ivoiq  oilJ  ftbioo^t  ^aoiliAO  adt  at  «««aq  ^ j 
I 4A  ha&  0^iri^  eta»fifl;€  tdi^»baal  p 

L ^0  aiid  <dSdI  Qi  fi^odio  yj%id^  bna 

^odjiil  7<J  Di  Jd^uoid  ^%oiiulum  a ^4 

j|j>idvr  y^oAot)  adt  .tti  adipif a ^84i£lW 

ovwdntOJ  eTaafjp(ji»  V9iq<»v)  .soijan  '^n»^*8i«^e^dl^ 
f ,.ym  m.^mifdidtm'l  mU  hnni 

olu..r 

tii  ^wjm  \liUi 

1/.M  ' K!  fM'''  ^-'''  


70 


TERRA  ALA  RLE. 


his  own  charge,  to  plant  and  inhabit  in  the  year 
1687.’^ 

On  the  thirteenth  of  May,  1638,  there  was  also 
entered  “ for  Mr.  Thomas  Copley,  one  hundred 
weight  of  heaver,  traded  for  with  the  Indians.”^ 

As  late  as  1650,  members  of  the  Roman  Catho- 
lic Church  bequeathed  slight  testimonials  to  the 
Itev.  Thomas  Copley,  and  in  some  missionary  let- 
ters he  is  called  Father  Copley.  This  gentleman 
may  have  been  the  Father  Copley^  who,  when 
domestic  chaplain  of  Lord  Montague,  fell  in  love 
with  the  nursery-maid,  and  forgetting  his  vows, 
was  married,  and  of  course,  as  long  as  his  wife 
lived,  could  only  serve  in  secular  aflairs. 

On  the  fifth  of  July,  1640,  Father  MTiite,  in  the 
presence  of  his  colleague,  Altliam,  alias  Gravener, 
Governor  Calvert,  Secretary  Lewger,  and  others, 
baptized  a Piscataway  chief,  with  his  wife  and 
daughter.  The  chief  was  christened  Charles, 
the  wife  Mary,  and  the  child  Anna,  as  compli- 
mentary to  the  royal  family  of  Engand. 

Oil  the  afternoon  of  the  same  day  the  chief 
was  mari’ied  according  to  the  rites  of  the  Church 
of  Rome,  and  a cross  was  planted  commemora- 
tive of  the  event,  the  priests  chanting  the  litany; 
while  Calvert,  Lewger,  and  others  followed  in 
Solemn  procession. 


> IJozman. 

- T, otter  r.f  Jolin  Cliani^orlain  to  Sir  Uudley  CarletoTi.  in 
“Court  and  Times  ol  James  the  First.” 


il*.|  i/) 

■'  ^ ^ '\vm 

■v^lfi  m/  oioil.t  rcM  *^0  ix(> 

^ol  )>^v:’-.TvT  ^tovr/^d  ro 

-o(f.t/i:D  *-':iJ  i*)  js'i-'Mititvisi  ‘'4i'l  }*.  A 

unj  ot  >!  I)-:#a'tis!>;;p64  f/A 

-j;J„  7jliiao»ii-i(  :ail' '.<  .ijlX):t.i; /'‘‘if|oO  aiiflttOflT  *v&>[  ^ 
M.cxrf'^^;tno^  .v;>lqo'> i btJU^  a: 

,0il7f  ) 'r^ui’jdX  xi-^od  f^vad  Tjliaa'^. 

■y  rii  fii  ilal  ,7ift/iiUol^  b ;;jvl  i-:.  7i*H0in<d> 

,>:,7ijv  ^i.i{  bifii  ,l>{j;:a: 'T^Tfffl  od)  dih/ 

*'i'ru  yJd  ht,  'l»!.a>l  ,0'ilU'yj  i'7  i>ill{  ,(fM>i':‘i|iU!  rJVff 
.r  d;;!ii{  lit  ^yno'fi  vinQ 

•:>ih  ui  ,f)ridlf  .dXdf  |o  dflii  oxltjaO 

/i vVin  f! /.afV,.7'^.Uo'J  hi‘[  }<>  ^Di-li>^7‘KJ 

‘ ..Ijo  Li.ui ,i'»^;v/‘i/i  v;}''.'  - - jrj.  'join/jvoO 

i dtr//  i^ftl  /iiiv/  .b/uif<  v^iv/aiao>I‘I  a l/O^^hq^ai 
, i'ffiiO  J;uiio};d'ul'>  %juh  odT 
•■:'i;I/,;!07  luido  7il)  buK  /rHii/l  ;'Mlt 

.^^vX■L;^I^^  'io  vilMiXl  U:  /m  ol.  (iX»Jnoai 
V,-‘  'w  vi;b  omyy  ‘'Xi  '*o  ji.>o£n‘jj'i/i  i>t\i  nO 

<i  i^'  • >i.b  lo  r/y^'ri  'Mi'j  uJ  ^nlUuj'y'iii  boi-nuia  > iiV/ 

-,iu  I i>‘>Xt5i.I'  : <n  u k<.Wj  li-  £q.v 

; 'p ( 5 lii a ■ ; ' 'j.ifj  /]ii'j‘<"j  :iil-)’  if?  t> /ii 

iti  hyrn^yoX,.hy^:^y^  baa  Jr ''dX")  ' 

luf  .■.»<..<■•><*•» /t")  '■'>  .<£  •■■■>'  <>?  )!!»’,  !‘T‘:'*':i  •■•(f.)  ft)?  'll*  * * 

‘ . ',•  j/i  ■«,.  1 -Vf, ' ’lu  ■>  ' 


JOUBNAL  OF  JESUIT  MISSION. 


71. 


Tanner,  in  liis  “Gesta  Prceclara,”  published 
nigh  two  centuries  ago,  across  the  seas,  in  the 
far  distant  City  of  Prague,  gives  a rude  engrav- 
ing of  the  baptismal  scene  but  this  and  the 
marriage  ceremony  remain  yet  to  be  colored  on 
canvas  or  embalmed  in  poetry  by  some  Ameri- 
can APeir  or  Longfellow. 

The  journal  of  the  early  Jesuit  mission  in  ^Fary- 
land  abounds  in  reli2;ious  sentiment.  Shortly 
after  the  marriage  of  the  chief,  Father  Aitham 
died  on  Kent  Island,  and  White,  writing  to  Eu- 
rope, said:  Those  who  are  sent  need  not  fear 

lest  the  means  of  support  be  wanting,  for  He  who 
clothes  the  lilies  and  feeds  the  birds  of  the  air,  will 
not  suffer  those  who  are  laboring  to  extend  his 
kingdom,  to  be  destitute  of  necessary  sustenance.” 

Brock,  whose  real  name  was  Morgan,  and  who 
died  July  the  fifth,  1G41,  wrote:  “ For  my  part,  I 
would  rather,  laboring  in  the  conversion  of  the 
Indians,  expire  on  the  bare  ground,  deprived  of 
all  human  succor,  and  perishing  from  hunger, 
than  ever  think  of  abandonino;  the  holv  work  of 
God  for  fear  of  want.” 

They  were  trained  to  be  soldiers  of  the  cross ; 
they  enjoyed  the  canoe  vo^^age,  camping  in  the 
open  air,  and  their  scanty  fare,  more  than  the 
pampered  children  of  luxury  the  choicest  delica- 
cies. “With  this  present  comfort,”  one  said. 


tx  ■ W"''  \ 

fiid  af 

^di  -nl  iSim  mm^jn  a^nrjlfioo  owl 

f.»hm  ^'O  \l‘iO  tiil 

‘Hfrbdii  Hliii  *;aima  iJuir^JtqitJ  edi  ^o 

no.  tooloo  ^>4'<7i  alunm 

.rr''fnA/^iBO'^  ni  !>'>(:« l’n<!ifio  *io  fti57fi«o 

^'’*  * .woll9]:*irf<H.ri[0  lioV/ 

-v't/{l/  fit  I ftol>t>Jnr  :^,fiTpot  vhf.'^  odi  t<'  hnnnoj;i>dT. 

{v.MinA  ;kifJo  odt  1o  o^r4'n^m^^ilir  ' 

-gH  o1  ,t>|td  /a  fnitj  ^f:HUif>.I  JffO/t  no  baif) 

i).  .]t  ioB  bo  >n  tiiO^  od’#5T  o<?odT  rbma.eqoi 

od  n oH  od  rioqqn^  1o  mnfHn  ^dt  :t8ol 

!jf  vr^iij;  >i(Ji  ">*rj  iirl)o*;#l  bfr<»  a^idil  oiflfs^dJolo 

-iTil  buoJz:t>  o:  .^ic.hodcjl  od7/.:a"r:od't  'rdftris  loa. 

.'\Doftf.afolf:ria  oo-f  o,^t  ■ 

ofiv/  -.j;wt)fnxvn  inon  o&od’/r 

. I ,hf:q  7*tno'’i.'*  :oKrr/^,1^0i  .dfiit  odi 
in\l  lo  Uob,:  y7ttO*^  odi  oi  ^iobodid  ^-lodlnt  blfiOTT 
t j b‘/7i'iqob  JxfroTtj  ymd  odt  ifo  o-fiq^o  ^aindbcrl 
/r>';:/T»n{  aroft  biifi  /usinrmi  Hfi 

'i<,  ijov/  \hnl  liiTl  73.njfTi'bjT/.d#i  'id  dtddl  ‘JOYO  nndt 

' \tn^7/ 'io 'Jfttji't 'ibHtoO 

;^>.o‘i->  oift  ’)(>  k^i  Ahlm  o|,boafn‘^t^^^ 

1)  ; ; ,d  sbii/'io  odt  b‘>T04li^  \Biii 

•>tl r «mb -'070;m  fe/i  • a^qo 

-i;  .ibj|>  :th  A^)iodo  odt  v/inxid  io  iioibibfo 
,i>b>.  ono  i .laYa^iiq  ahU  iJti 

,Mioi.5.'k»U  ,<ii4<'J  % 4i9Ud  ^ ' 


72 


TERRA  MAR  EE. 


< 


God  now  imparts  to  us  a foretaste  of  what  he 
is  about  to  give  to  those  that  live  faithfully  in 
this  life,  and  mitigating  all  hardship  with  a de- 
gree of  pleasantness,  so  that  his  Divine  Majesty 
appears  to  he  present  with  us  in  an  external 
manner.” 

In  1639,  the  Fathers  were  settled  in  places 
widely  distant : Fisher  was  at  St.  Mary ; Brock  at 
Mattapany  on  the  Patuxent,  two  miles  from  its 
mouth;  Altham  at  Kent  Island,  sixty  miles  from 
St.  Mary;  and  ^Vhite  one  hundred  and  twenty 
miles  distant,  perhaps  at  Clayhorne’s  old  trading 
post  near  the  mouth  of  the  Susquehanna. 

On  the  twelfth  of  December,  1635,  Governor 
Harvey,  of  Virginia,  appeared  before  the  Privy 
Council  of  England  to  answer  certain  questions, 
lie  admitted  that  one  Pabnct,  of  Maryland,  had 
been  arrested  in  Virginia  for  saying  that  it  was 
lawful  and  meritorious  to  kill  a heretic  king,  and 
that  a Kev.  ]Mr.  AVilliams  was  ready  to  give  testi- 
mony; but  he  refused  the  testimony  because  he 
had  married  two  persons  without  a license. 

It  was  charged  that  Governor  Harvey  counte- 
nanced the  religion  in  ^laryland,  and  that  Mr. 
Hawley,  in  the  midst  of  the  mass,  said  that  he 
was  come  to  plant  the  Pomish  religion  in  !Mary- 
land.  This  ^vas  denied ; but  both  admitted  that 
there  was  public  mass  in  that  colony.^ 


^ Cal.  Slate  Capers,  Domestic  Series. 


*1 




I 

I 

I 

I TRIAL  OF  SURGEOF  GERARD.  73 

l On  tLe  twenty-second  of  March,  1642,  a peti- 

; tion  was  presented  to  the  Assemby  of  Maryland 

• in  behalf  of  the  Protestant  Catholics  by  David 

I "VVicklilf,  complaining  of  Surgeon  Thomas  Ge- 

I rard,  who  came  into  the  colony  in  1638,  and 

owner  of  St.  Clement’s  manor,  for  taking  away 
the  key  and  books  of  their  chapel.  In  settle- 
i meuts  witiiout  ministers,  it  was  customary  in 

j those  days  to  fasten  to  a desk  in  a chapel  the 

Bible,  and  a few  valuable  religious  books,  which 
the  devout  could  open  and  read. 

Doctor  Gerard  was  brought  to  trial,  and,  after 
patient  hearing,  it  was  adjudged  that  he  should 
bring  back  the  key  and  books,  and  pay  a fine  of 
j live  hundred  pounds  of  tobacco  toward  the  main- 

tenance ' of  the  first  Protestant  minister  that 
should  arrive.  The  term  Protestant  Catholic 
was  not  unusual  in  that  age.  The  Jesuit  father, 
Fitz-ilcrbert,  when  arraigned  in  the  colony  for 
an  alleged  offense,  argued  that  in  the  province 
every  church  ^‘professing  to  believe  in  God  the 
Father,  Son,  and  Holy  Ghost,  was  accounted 
Holy  Church,”^  and  therefore  the  inhabitants 
distiiiijuislied  tliemselves  as  Protestant  Catholics 
and  Pomaii  Catholics.  William  Penn  once 
wrote,  ‘‘1  am  a Catholic,  but  not  a Homan  Cath- 
olic.” 

! On  the  fu’st  of  September  in  this  year,  Ca[>tain 


i navis  ill  “Day-star  of  rrecduin.” 

' 7 


8Y  .cvsk«\y’ «fy; 

'm  Sfiit  ftO  ^ 

<^i  b«toaot</  aoh 

Uhn<ri6  y/^litihd  t\i 

^0  ^iumiTr  mo-^fih  io  ^{iltu^l^iiioo  ;fl/l^ofVA 
inm  m Ymho  yili  aiiil  ,t>'rm 

'^ji>7?'i*  'K>i  /lOiHUfi  Jii'j'iifD'fO  *io  'iiJii/JfO 

• "dl  .iofpilo  tivtU  'to  fcdwd  j>ii.o 

i(if  7iaff!o)«o^  f’Jiyr  1? . JiiooMtv^  «sinji»m 

otit  loqnrfo  A fii  d^/jb  xi  ot  uoMid  M rf«bo?i0*ll 
doblw  ,adoo<i  Bim^ilm  oidm/fRV  v/ol  « bnxx  ,j)JdiiC 
d>/i>'f  iu\}\  noqo  bfooo  tt)07?>b  6»(ft 
^hm  .Ifiht  01  .1iipff<n<I  MiW  i»*iT/!s€»  ioi?>o<T 
biaad^  sJ  ^/r^/ ji  tnohxi^ 

'to  fxift  n bfifi  lfn«  ^ 7(lt 

-id/,/rt  o(!l  biijv/ol  ooouJot'io  Mf>mi(.H:|  bo^biriid  ovd 
luiU  mil  odr 'to 

7ik)ditt0  tmot  edT  .o/rrift  bfooda 

,'i7£Hid  lv(1T  tn  l^nmuiu  Ion  ««v/ 

u>t  vjioltrj  odt  (u  bnfO^jxn-fn  ujil'^ 
f»7iiIvo'j<{  ‘Jilt  ai  jftdt  boa:Li;fi;  /jf-jadio  b‘>;;^7llu  nit 
Oih  b<A0  rti  ovoliod  of  thivih  x't'Xvo 

&11V/  ^1hOi\D  '^oil  Inui  ,a<»8 
isiaiiikbiifhui  oift  o'a/io'iotlt  bim  ‘*\il*jiriiiD  ^k»H 

^Mviodiu  > j unmtOi^l  boaf^fii^^dt^rib 

0')iK»  aii'dl  iiiuno^C  btat 

*du0  j.Mjnr»;i/l  n iSioiod  ;'!>1if.>Hj^y'  ik--iitk  1"*  ^'sionir 

iiint«p:0  ^Tfi77.  fidt  ifi  vjdfjjjtifOf^'to  ifs'o'l  otft  aO 

'hi  ii(t>  fuii.'**  ill  «:#**!  * 

. , 'iv,  ' •"  " r 


74 


TEBRA  MARINE. 


James  x^eale,^  an  experienced  mariner,  who  had 
lived  in  Spain,  now  settled  on  a large  estate  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Wicomico  Eiver,  not  far  from 
St.  Afary,  and  a prominent  citizen,  arrived  at 
Boston  with  two  pinnaces,  commissioned  by  Gov- 
ernor Calvert  to  buy  mares  and  sheep ; but  hav- 
ing bills  of  exchange  on  Lord  Baltimore,  in  Eng- 
land, which  could  not  be  negotiated,  owing  to 
the  civil  war  then  raging,  he  was  unsuccessful. 
While  there,  one  of  his  pinnaces  was  discovered 
to  be  so  worm-eaten  that  it  was  necessary  to 
abandon  it  near  the  coast,  where  the  ^lay  Flower 
had  lirst  landed  her  passengers,  and  perhaps  the 
little  ship  was  the  “Dove’'  that  had  been  to  Bos- 
ton once,  and  eight  years  before  brought  the  first 
settlors  to  St.  Mary. 

A few  weeks  later,  another  coasting  vessel  from 
Virginia  arrived  at  Boston  with  a Mr.  Bennett, 
bearing  a letter  written  at  Xansemond  or  Upper 
Xorfolk,  on  May  the  twenty-fourth,  and  signed 
by  Kichard  Bennett,  Daniel  Gooking,  John  Hill, 
and  seventy-one  others,  earnestly  asking  for 
faitliful  ministers.  American  ConaTe<2:atioiial- 

O O 

^ One  of  the  rouneillors  of  Maryland,  and  the  ancestor  of 
Archbishop  Neale,  the  successor  of  Carroll. 

In  iGOd,  he  petitions  the  As^-cmbly  for  the  naturalization  of 
his  four  children,  “ Henrietta,  Maria,  James,  Dorothy,  and  An- 
thony Neale,  born  in  Spain,  of  Ann  his  wife,  during  liis  resi- 
dence there  as  a merchant,  and  when  employed  there  by  the 
King  and  Duke  of  York  in  several  omorgeni  affair.s.  ’ — fj'icrtn'a 
Luu.'t  0/  Muryhimi. 


’ima  ^^Siim  a m wa  ,n{n<}a  nllmii 

.mo'h'ii^  mi  iitfom  ocf^J 

jj(5  bsyinis  q«7slir:>  int>fti/iimq  43  ban  JB 

-voO  7/1  dli  // rtoma 

-vjid  tmi  bun  oif  ^oind 

.'gaH  m iio  lo  $ind  ^cii 

ot  :^«iWo  ^balnUo^oft  i!>d  Joa  b{0O&  ^tml 

m^ff  mw  livio  odJ 

briovo&^ib  mw  hQiimmq  'to  ouo  ^e*rd<i>4  <-)ridVir 
oj  iintmoon  sftw  3i  Jnifl  (fotna-fmov/  ot  o4  ol 
7fil4  07‘>»iv;  Jiji  rmaii 

')ili  feqnd*i»q  bff/i  '4^<1  i)i>bnnl  Ifc'ii't  bed 

vBoa  OJ  fl77d  Iml  iMf  od^r 

adl  ^ndbxt  ?s‘in«’<  b^B  t^oifo  uoJ  ^ 

ffTo^l  1^)8897  T4a4J«tnooii>d/onir  ado^7/  v/dl 

mmwti  /ik  a dih/  uoMod  J«  i>‘>vrn« 

. loqqU  lo  bimtio^ii^  ii^lJirv/  ie})0l  iJ 
bsin^ia  ban  '>d)  y/>14  t*o  ^>bdi*io% 

’ dUM  ndol.^^UooO  biima  btiubiU  ^d 

lot  7^^8;nnfia\M^‘^>^l^o'  O0O-vla^>'/o8  b0ft 

nnoij‘^»urA  luliflint 

u.  -t. 

-..Virh-;., »ift  tA  •(»<)««>-'.»«' 

-o/v  baii  ,i.tiuwa  ,«-»..««b  .Jiix'lt  .»lt!>hii.H  ■■  ,i«!.7Wid.>  Wl  «<« 

-«a,  «W  v.H.b  .^1*  •■’■•  -8A  1*  ^-0  «i  ««d 

.4)  t<)  w.ai  Uf-Ci-iw  »‘>«"  N».  .♦•»a»w««  » « *5“/^  “ , 

-"^l.-aflj.  lc»l-!'Ka->  ta<».*..fli  aioVU«il><J  >'<«  S 


VIRGINIA  CONOR  EGA  TIONALISTS.  75 


ism  found  its  earliest  though  brief  home  in 
Virginia. 

In  the  very  first  ships  that  came  to  the  mouth 
of  the  James  Eiver,  were  Puritan  families,  and 
they  wrote  back  inviting  their  friends  to  follow; 
but  Bishop  Bancroft  ‘‘being  informed  that  great 
numbers  were  preparing  to  embark,  obtained  a 
proclamation  prohibiting  them  to  transport  them- 
selves to  Virginia  without  a special  license  from 
the  King.” 

Governor  Wyatt  stated,  in  1623,  that  there 
were  ministers  in  the  colony,  but  not  in  orders;^ 
and  the  next  year  there  came  to  Virginia  the 
learned  and  devout  Puritan  divine  Henry  Jacob, 
the  first  Congregational  minister  in  England, 
lie  was  born  in  Kent,  educated  at  St.  Mary’s 
Hall,  where  lie  took  the  degree  of  A.  M.,  entered 
into  holy  orders,  and  became  precentor  of  Christ 
Church  College,  and  afterward  preached  at 
Cheriton.2 


^ Cal.  State  Papers,  Col.  Series. 

2 Wood  sfiys  he  entered  college  at  fifteen,  and  was  “excel- 
lently well  read.”  He  published  several  works,  the  titles  of 
which  were : 

Treatise  on  the  Sufferings  and  Victory  of  Christ  in  the  work 
of  our  Redemption,  written  against  certain  errors  in  these  parts, 
publicly  preached  in  London.  Loudon,  1508,  4to. 

Treatise  to  show  that  the  Church  of  England  was  a true 
Church.  1509. 

Defence  of  the  Treatise  on  Redemption,  etc.  IdOO. 

Reasons  for  reforming  our  Churches.  lObl. 


i 


: k 


J,‘  'iv, 


, ,,  V-  ' 

.'•ft-  . ■ ' 

V‘I 


,V  r;\‘!  lil 

V:'. 

v-ilj 

Kfd 

;-^-yU\:Va 

-"/O 


; , . , 'n;r:riO  jfciri  effi 
>1  , : fi'iod  ‘r-’l'-f 

i.:  : 


■ ■■  ■'A- 'yi'i  I \ 

►..t,  ;;  -,kKk  ■ • ■ '■  I*'  ' 

: s 1-i T j 'I 

I :i 

^ ; i 4 

i 3 

' 


76 


TEREA  MARLE. 


In  1590  lie  wrote  n treatise  to  sliow  that  tlie 
Church  of  England  was  a true  church,  hut  visit- 
ing Leyden,  he  hecame  acquainted  with  Eohin- 
son,  and  adopted  the  views  of  tlie  Congrega- 
tionalists,  and  returning,  established  the  tirst 
Independent  Church  in  England,  and  continued 
its  pastor  till,  desirous  of  being  more  useful,  he 
left  his  Hock  and  departed  for  the  wilderness  of 
Virginia,  where  he  soon  died. 

Daniel  Gookins,^  one  of  the  best  and  bravest 


A Position  against  vain-glorious  and  that  which  is  falsely 
called  learned  preaching.  1C04. 

Plain  and  clear  Plxposition  of  Second  Commandment.  ICIO. 

His  son  Henry  became  a critical  scholar,  and  assisted  the 
learned  ISelden  in  his  Hebrew  studies. 

1 Daniel  Gookins  was  one  of  the  best  men  of  his  day,  promi- 
nently identified  with  Virginia,  Maryland,  and  Massachusetts. 

He  was  a native  of  Kent,  England,  but  came  with  his  father, 
whose  name  was  also  Daniel,  from  Ireland  to  A^rginia.  The 
father  arrived  on  the  22d  of  Xovember,  1021,  “with  fifty  men 
of  his  own,  and  thirty  passengers,  exceedingly  well  furnished 
with  all  sorts  of  provisions  and  cattle,”  and  settled  at  Newport 
News. 

When  the  Indians  attacked  the  colonists,  the  old  records  say 
that  he  did  not  comply  with  the  order,  to  retreat  to  a central 
blockhouse.  “Master  Gookins,  having  thirty-five  of  all  sorts 
with  liiin,  made  good  liis  point  against  the  savages.” 

Gov.  Wyatt,  on  April  7th,  1G23,  writes  to  John  Ferrar:  “.V 
ship  has  lately  arrived,  with  forty  men  and  thirty  passengers, 
fur  Mr,  Gookins.” 

There  is  an  indenture  on  record,  dated  Feb.  1st,  1G30,  be- 
tween Daniel  Gookins,  Gent.,  and  Tlios.  Addison,  his  servant. 
In  he  otitaineil  a grant  of  2Gl)0  acres  upon  the  nortliwo'^i 

of  Nansemond  Kiver.  In  1G12  he  was  Prcsideut  of  the  Court 


MAJ.-GEN,  DANIEL  GOOKIN^<, 


77 


men  the  I7ew  World  had  received,  was  then  the 
owner  of  a plantation  at  Newport  ^^’ews,  and  at 


of  Upper  Norfolk,  and  was  then  thirty  years  of  age,  and  about 
that  time  made  the  acquaintance  of  Tompson.  He  owned  a 
plantation  near  South  River,  Maryland,  although  after  1644  he 
became  a resident  of  Massachusetts,  yet  keeping  up  business 
relations  with  the  settlers  on  the  Chesapeake.  In  lGo5  two  In- 
dians murdered  two  of  his  negro  servants,  near  South  River. 
Says  Davis:  “Mary,  the  servant  who  had  escaped,  notwith- 
standing the  severity  of  her  wound,  was  the  chief  witness. 
But  Warcosse,  the  Emperor,  had  sent  down  to  St.  Mary’s  some 
articles  found  in  possession  of  the  suspected  Indians,  and 
which  it  was  known  had  belonged  to  Captain  Gookins.  And 
the  Indians,  who  spoke  through  interpreters,  confessed  at  the 
trial  they  were  present  at  the  murder — at  one  moment  admit- 
ting, at  the  next  denying,  their  guilt,  ‘fearful  and  desiring,’ 
says  the  record,  ‘to  conceal  it,’  They  were  convicted,  sen- 
tenced, and  executed  on  the  same  day.”  Gookins  was  a warm 
friend  of  John  Eliot,  the  apostle  to  the  New  England  Indians, 
and  wrote  a history  of  these  Indians,  and  also  of  New  Eng- 
land. Chief  Justice  Sewall  called  to  see  him  w^hen  dying,  and 
in  his  journal  of  that  day  records  the  fact  of  visiting,  and  ex- 
pressively adds,  “aright  good  man.”  His  tombstone  is  still 
seen  at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  with  this  inscription: 

Here  Lyeth  Interred 

TE  BODY  OF 

MAJOR-GENERAL  DANIEL  GOOKINS, 

AGED  75  YEARES, 

W'  H O DEPARTED  THIS  LIFE 

Ye  19tu  March,  1GS6-7. 

Gov.  Gookins,  of  Pennsylvania,  was  a cousin,  described  by 
Wm.  Penn  in  these  words:  “He  is  sober,  understands  to  com- 
mand and  obey,  moderate  in  his  temper,  and  of  what  they  call 
a good  family:  his  grandfather,  Sir  Vincent  Gookins,  having 

7* 


78 


TERRA  MARIjE, 


l^ansemoncl^  on  the  opposite  bank  of  the  Janies. 
The  petition  of  the  Virginia  Congregationalists 
was  read  at  a public  lecture,  and  the  ministers 
of  Boston  and  vicinity  set  apart  a day  for  its  con- 
sidcratiou,  after  which  they  selected  three  of 
their  best  men  to  respond  to  the  call  of  Gookins 
and  others  for  ministers.  After  some  changes 
and  delays,  John  Knowles,  a ripe  scholar  from 
Immanuel  College,  and  who  had  been  pastor  at 
Watertown;  Thomas  James,  for  ten  years  a faith- 
ful preacher  at  Charlestown  ; and  William  Tom})- 
son,'  educated  at  Oxford  University,  started  forth 
on  the  enund  of  love.  After  being  tvrecked  at 
Hell  Gate,  in  Long  Island  Sound,  and  exposed 
to  the  storms  of  winter,  they  reached  Virginia 
in  eleven  weeks  from  the  time  of  their  depart- 
ure. ^Icn  of  the  greatest  personal  dignity,  and 
bearing  letters  from  the  Governor  of  ^Nrassachii- 
setts,  they  were  coldly  received  by  Berkeley,  the 
Governor  of  Virginia,  and  his  chaj>lain,  the  Kev. 
Thomas  Harrison.  Unacknowledged  by  the  au- 
thorities, they  were  greeted  by  well-dis|>osed  per- 
sons. Winthrop  says:  ‘‘Though  the  Estate  did 

been  an  earlj  great  planter  in  Ireland,  in  King  James  the  First 
and  Charles's  days.” 

The  entire  letter  of  Penn  may  be  found  in  Proud’s  Hist,  of 
Pa.,  vol.  ii.  pp.  4 an<l  h. 

* tVilliara  Tompson,  as  the  name  was  usually  written,  was 
born  in  Lancashire,  Fng.,  in  loltS,  and  graduated  at  Oxfonl  in 
Id]'.* *.  Pefore  emigrating  ti>  .\merica,  he  pi  cached  ut  tVin- 
wick.  ilc  died  i>ec.  lOih,  1000. 


3IASSACHUSETTS  3nSSI0NABTES. 


79 


silence  the  ministers,  because  they  would  not 
conform  to  the  order  of  England,  yet  the  people 
resorted  to  them  in  private  houses  to  hear -them 
as  before.” 

After  five  or  six  months,  Knowles  and  James 
seem  to  have  returned  to  Massachusetts  Colony, 
while  Tompson,  accompanied  by  Gookins  and 
others,  emigrated  to  ^tai-yland,  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  South  and  Severn  Kivers,  near  the  site  of 
Annapolis.  They  were  not  looked  upon  as  in- 
truders, but  welcomed  as  most  desirable,  and 
more  of  tlie  same  sort  invited.  Governor  Win- 
throp,  in  his  journal,  under  date  of  eighth  month, 
thirteenth  day,  1G43,  O.  S.,  wrote  ; “ The  Lord 
Baltimore  being  the  owner  of  much  land  near 
Virginia,  being  himself  a Papist,  and  his  brother, 
Mr.  Calvert,  the  Governor  there,  a Papist  also, 
but  the  colony  consisting  of  both  Papists  and 
Protestants,  he  wrote  a letter  to  Captain  Gib- 
bons, of  Boston,  and  seiit  him  a commission, 
wherein  he  made  a tender  of  land  in  Maryland 
to  any  of  ours  that  would  transport  themselves 
thither,  with  free  liberty  of  religion,  and  all  other 
privileges  which  the  place  affords.” 

The  Indians  of  Virginia,  like  the  Sioux  of 
Minnesota  during  our  late  troubles,  learning  tliat 
the  whites  in  England  were  engaged  in  war  with 
each  other,  on  April  the  eighteenth,  1G44,  a IJack 
Good  Friday  in  the  colonial  calendar,  sLid(h.-nly 
swariued  around  the  feeble  seltlenients  in  die 


' ^ ' 

loa:i>FsJ't>‘'#'^  mi‘Ji^iO‘9iJi  odif  oomih 

lo-’‘r)Iw  odt  ot  nno^im 
mhmd  ^<4w7h<i  ni  m^di  ot  bono^m 

’*.3iot»d  m 

.v-.iTi.n’F.  Ju'Hs.  '^^^ifimofji'i  xh  lO'  ^vji  vyftA 

,^m\o*i>  :b^ni/il9T  ovcd  ot  ttmm 

hnn  Mn:J[m'*}  yjd  ,^»iO«qOTO^^^^  eiiilw 

in  ,l>uj:i'rinM  o1 

‘to  ojI<i  0iil7ftoa  ,noviii  biia  diiioB  lo  l>ooi{ 

-<if  t1O^J0  ton  s'iov/  '<jj^t)flT  .p^iloc[f0ttiA 

Lru?  laom  m kauioobv/  tnd  ,8io.bint 

^iiVil  ’mirmox)  dr^irtin  tv>^  omm  o/lt  lo  otom 
^nuioin  to  ^f«rri0OL«itrf  0£  «c|oiffi 

jriod  miT  »*’  :.3tatw  .aab  dUtooHuit 

*i,i^o^  liVuif  ibom  16  10U  .1V0  oilt  ’^nbtroto/nhfjiii 

,or!i:  jr.ifjr/1  a ^ornlj  'uii/'iovoD  o<lt  ,.1'iiivlaL)  Mt 
i»ii«  diod  lo  :iifril8fp.fro;>  vooloo  oiit  -tod 

.dil)  uioiqo'J  ot  it>,ib>l  Qtoivf  od 

r,  mid  tiJ'iJi  l>o«  .xtot^wM  ‘to  .eiiod 
hH^il  ni^U  id  fHud  lv>  79bnot  a obiim  od  ribi^dw 
hoq(i<irnt  hlsw/r  tndi  p.t«o  lo  y;nfi  ot 
*t»il.!v.-  Uxj  l^n  .iioh'd^n  lo  v-tio<fU  liiiv/  /loiltidt 

'\^ku;|U  7<|i  d^uiv/  so:y^()l(Tiiq 

V)  xm’S  odJ  o>IH  „fiiab;iiV  lo  bnvAhiil  mi% 

ti:di  oJf:l  ir;o  x«ntdi  idoiiOiimM 

rii  MI  ^joiidv/.oitt*. 

jI  >^ld  ij  J KU:  ,dtaooJd>>i*A  odi  InqA  mu  /loifto 
, v!^  lj!;fso|t>7  udi  oi  7ftt>h  d l>6qD 

vjU  ili  fcliiuiiiuli  vidutil  v>Jj  Liiuoiij 


80 


TERRA  MAEIJF:. 


valley  of  the  James  River,  and  as  quickly  disap- 
peared, with  their  hands  full  of  reeking  scalps. 
Strong  men  fainted  with  horror;  women  moaned 
and  refused  to  be  comforted,  for  their  children 
were  not;  the  rich  and  the  poor,  the  high  and 
the  low,  overwhelmed  by  the  common  calamity, 
felt  that  it  was  a judgment  of  God  for  their  sin- 
fulness.^ 

Amono:  those  who  were  chano’ed  men  was 

O O 

Thomas  Harrison,  the  Governor’s  chaplain.  He 
had  been  a bigot  before,  and  though  he  kept  a 
fair  exterior  to  the  godly  men  from  Massachu- 
setts, he  now  confessed  that  he  had  privately 
used  his  influence  to  have  them  silenced.  But 
after  the  massacre,  stung  with  remorse,  he 
preached  faithfully,  which  Berkeley  thought  was 
Puritanical,  and  he  dismissed  him,  because  he 
did  not  need  so  grave  a chaplain. 

Hot  cast  down,  he  sought  out  the  scattered 
flock  of  Hansemond,  that  remained  after  Tomp- 
son and  others  had  left,  and  ministered  unto 
their  wants. 


^ The  following  law  forcibly  exhibits  the  feeling  of  the  colony 
at  this  time: 

“Enacted  by  the  Governor,  Council,  and  Burgesses  of  this 
Grand  Assembly,  for  the  public  benefit  of  the  colony,  to  the 
enil  that  God  mayeth  avert  his  heavy  judgments  that  are  upon 
us,  that  the  last  Wednesday  in  every  month  be  set  apart  for 
fasting  and  humiliation,  and  that  it  be  wholly  dedicated  to 
prayers  and  preaching/’ 


08 


vj'O.,,;.:,  . ;.  . •;:  . • ■'  . s:',  ':V‘t  '1o 


' : , ' . ’.ii  . . , ' ' ' OV/ 

1,;  j ; '.-.r::  /■■■■.'  •■ii 

: k hir<i  ^ • t ; 

M » !,a 

f'ryj?  '•ii 't  '^^<^1"! 

.:•  : ,w„  i .ii  nat?4  bud 

:.  :U  -'iiiM'y  '.•!{)  O"  'HJii 

, >:/a!y  O'-  i',oy/.7/.v,'':  V>l'i 

j'i'  hO] 

•■  '•  i:,--). . i'0,1 

; ■ ; 7 //OVv'  ■;,*;! 

. •;  , I Oi!*.:  Ja 

, '■) ' J ■■ :; : - : ^iu 

I -'7  ■>  Oi)  ^ 

:i;.  ■;  ;■;  , > -i /I  HO 

: ; 0 'i^.  ,-'f -,>;f  ;«;■  I,uu^  ivr-i 


•/>'  :'d'''":  .''U'.'U  1 '0 ‘''■'ll  * 

. !;in  vj/Ji:  1,11 
' ■ ;;  f . i 'if:  ' 

•t  •■,  I V i>n^. <0 

' ' , , ■‘  {J..  lO  > iwl-iS 

, . i-y  ■ -'y.''  tvj.il  .i'iJ 

, , J;  /.  -f 


: '^i-.  i- 

1 1?  i.l  :i;.  :i  < j . • 
f . iV'.i;:  )**§. 

(i:' 


EEV.  WILLIAM  TOMPSON. 


81 


On  the  ninth  of  June,  1647,  Leonard  Calvert, 
the  first  Governor  of  the  Maryland  Colony,  died, 
and  Mistress  iMargaret  Brent,  an  unmarried  per- 
son, was  left  his  administratrix.  M"ith  truly 
Elizahethan  vio'or,  she  dischars^ed  her  trust,  and 
demanded  a vote  in  the  Provincial  Assembly, 
which  being  denied,  she  protested  against  their 
acts.  John  Lewger,  the  first  Secretary  of  the 
province,  having  buried  his  wife,  soon  returned 
to  England,  became  a Koman  Catholic  priest, 
and  lived  in  Lord  Baltimore’s  house. 

The  Ecv.  M^illiam  Tompson,  described  as  one 
of  “tall  and  comely  presence,”  lost  his  wife  a 
few  months  after  he  left  Massachusetts,  but  be 
labored  on  in  the  colony  until  the  latter  part  of 
1648,  winning  golden  opinions  by  his  quiet,  con- 
servative, and  Christian  course.  Mather,  in  a 
commemorative  poem,  says : 

“Hearers,  like  doves,  flocked  with  contentious  wing 
Who  should  be  first,  feed  most,  most,  homewai'd  bring 
Laden  with  honey,  like  Ilyblman  bees, 

They  knead  it  into  combs,  upon  their  knees. 
******* 

A constellation  of  great  converts  there 
Shone  round  him,  and  his  heavenly  glory  wear, 

Gookins  was  one  of  tliem,  by  Tompson’s  pains, 

Chri.st  and  New  England,  a dear  Gookins  gains.” 

Some  one  visiting  Enghind  about  the  close  of 
the  year  1647,  perhaps  John  T^ewger,  tried  to 
poison  tile  miiid  ufLord  IhiUimore  against  Tump- 


‘'Mli  fK) 

,bf>i:b  <T0ok>-'> 

bi*h'sfifimff  im  -tc>'jis^;i/ilVI  ej"‘^)'i}Rt]/^  him 

vjjnt  ih'Cll  ,yMUr>tmumhu  «ifl  b#jv/  ,(io^ 

biifi  Mivii  Vid  lw!p;%m]‘)«cb  iiik  ,w^iv  nftiitaiJfiXffl'l 
^^dui^f^A  bifoxiivcn*!  ^di  m &U)r  n l>  >f>«fwni;>b 

tioldw 

ji/li  lo  th»4o^^  pdj  nriol* 

mm  ,‘ilr//  »n{  Inhmi  *o^>afvoiq 

tiftfffoH  n dnifiooif  ,bitisl^«a  oK 

/je.iiod  ^'DifoaiiTiiin  hi^vl  ni  bn& 

ano  ftfj  f>odh^>j!»'2»b  misillr/^  ,7j>U  ydT 

dJf'7  Hid  Js:of  yjoaioji  bfip>  io 

nd  t1’<J  fhd  pd  j»iihiOiir 

lo  i"rfuj  lottni  i>iii  Hlf!U  (itoloo  >dt  ifi  tio  bw^id 

-4TO!>  ,t6?np  5>id  7^d  «<fjo|mq<) 

^ ui  ^•1so^f^KlVI  .&^.'iaoo  ti^di>5nd0  boii  ,a/itiiVioa 
; jivjift  ,fao<  M|  o7flinomi>t«rnoo 

il)Uollti91flO>  rfliw  l>9jloc»ft  ,®l9fVufc  #)Jll  ** 

lvJ*wv«iod  J«ortr,iA^^  janifi  ’jii  I>F«oH[’t  «vrf  ilf 

rFuiw  09^^^^ 

n<JHjf/i  01l*t  H t^OilT  ''<n 

* ’#  ■»  ^ *,, 

owljj  fir»97lli>9  JWTlJiHo  A 

X''  '^34  hjIUO'T 

: .'%l(fi'-:|m-‘T  .«?94itl«  9rtO  «^$;W 

’*.*'. wiiJ'Ji  kitirffeoO  'tjt5»'?>,#i  W(»Vl  fcftip 

lr>  orvd‘5  7(15  JiNxfii  7iio  i*atQ-B 

m)  1>*h*iJ.  itffo’.U  «<j[r:d'i-!Hj-  ^/ft 

-»|i{ti/r  v'iOiisiilidl  ;>dl  awa>*| 


82 


TERRA  MARIjE. 


son.  The  Provincial  Assembly  of  the  next  year 
thus  earnestly  resents  the  whisperings  of  the 
slanderer:  “AVhereas  your  Lordship  doth  seem 
to  be  greatly  distasted  and  disgusted  at  William 
Tompson,  your  Lordship’s  old  seryant,  through 
some  information  which  has  been  giyen  your 
Lordship  of  his  comportment  here,  in  aiding 
and  sidiim  with  the  rebels  a2:ainst  your  Lord- 
ship’s  goyernor  and  goyernment,  which  informa- 
tion we  do  assure  your  Lordship  to  be  a most 
false  proceeding,  rather,  as  we  may  suppose,  out 
of  hatred  and  spleen  toward  him,  than  any  good 
affection  or  love  toward  your  Lordship,  for  be- 
fore anything  was  proceeded  on  in  the  Assembly 
William  Tompson  was  called  and  strictly  ex- 
amined before  the  Governor,  and  Council,  and 
whole  Assembly,  and  nothing  at  all  could  be 
proved  against  him,  wherewith  he  was  accused 
to  your  Lordship,  that  was  in  that  point  most 
innocent;  and  further  report  of  him,  that  your 
honor  laith  not  a more  faithful  and  cordial  friend  in 
the  whole  province,  and  shown  to  the  utmost  of 
his  ability  even  before,  in  time  of,  and  ever  since 
the  troubles  here,  than  William  Tompson  is. 
Therefore  ^ve  humbly  crave  of  your  honor,  ac- 
cording to  your  honor’s  wonted  clemency,  not  to 
harbor  such  thoughts,  and  give  ear  to  such  false 
suggestions  against  him;  and  further,  my  Lord 
seeing  it  hath  been  so  notorious  an  injury  and 
intaiuy  to  him,  we  hnnibly  crave  that  your  Lord- 


' ' -■  ■ ■ 

v.i^%  ixm  -{f^nio»^.5/'s  I«b«fYO‘i‘.T  .aoa  , 

Oiii  eydl 

'.  *fn.o5ta  »«ai55--t{7/**  i^avjbnnk 

fOKtiin/  hi  birfi  [)'>l8f{1elfo  od  oi 

diGD<>iiil;.  l4o  fe’cfitbbio-,!  *jfjo7  ino^<|fnor 

viiiov  fiS7>)3  , 8i:d  ri*)Wi7f  noiUvffl'xdini  f)iiii03 

' ai  hf^urPioqmo^J  »ld  qtikb'io^ 

ifoJ  loot  fitniu:{fi  f»dJ  (Mrr  ‘gaibh  bna^ 

*'nfin6\ni  diy tdw  (10 -f If}  b»u>  iOft’i^*YO^  3C|tda 

i«om  it  sd  or  qiihinoJ  'hiov  ob  07/  JK>it ' 

jrjo  07/  ?(«  (locfjist  ^^nfbooooiq  OfcUil 

Loo>j  YfiiJ  noofqe  bnii  boiti^rTio 

-od  lot  ^qbl&bidJ  iijLo^  b’lirwot  07oi  lo  aoil'^df^c 
vjdxROs^/v  oiit  at  ao  boboo  ^mq  mw  ^mdriiW  9’u>i 
•zo  vft*>hie  Ixm  boHeo  mrr  iioaqoioT  jualfir^l^ 
Ikuj  ,iit>}lo«;Q  bjtxt  >ioxt'i<-ivo'0  &ib  O'loiod , boiriavii 
blfr-ao  Ifu  1«  ^ru'djoxt  bnc  olod'// 

boeifoon  ^/>7/  od  tliivf'riodv/  bovoiq 

j?oin  iaioq  txirlt  id  ^ov/  livd?  ,qabfnoJ  -n/ox 
ino-^  imh  ,mid  ‘io  Vioqoi  lodliul  bnn 
ni  vu*w  \>  loaoil 

'to  j«Of!iiri  otij  01  nv/or(:5  i^io  ^ooiii vo’iq  oloiiv/  oifl 
ooaia  toYo  ban  oinii  tu  ^o*iolod  novo  vliiidn  hid 
.ei  no^qmoT  m/iiiliW  ruaii  ,oiod  feofJoo'il  od) 
-on  (*tonod  iwC'V  to  ovxno  vldinnd  O ff  cnol^oili 
ol  U)ii  t’lp^nOjinoio  botnp// fe'v^norl  inox  ol^xdbvoo 
o?!if>;t  dons  4/1  'u:o  oyi'j  ban  ^sjil^oi'odl  dooi^ 'lod ifixf 
InoJ  v^m  ,'jodjif/i  bon  :miii 
hm:i  Wid/di  (!«  srronntort  o«  aootf  rfiroi  It  5nios»« 
4)'fo,I  *1007  iiah  *>V  '/ro  VidfOiid  o7/ ^(itiff  01  viiuvtid 


STONE,  PROTESTANT  GOVERNOR.  83 


ship  will  intimate  hither  the  next  year  who  were 
his  principal  accusers  on  this  point,  which  we 
the  more  earnestly  beg,  for  that  it  will  give  the 
whole  country  and  himself  great  satisfaction.’’ 

Tompson  was  a delicate  and  sensitive  man, 
and  though  he  could  not  but  have  been  flat- 
tered, by  the  testimony  of  the  colonial  assem- 
bly, he  soon  left,  and  returned  to  preach  and 
to  die  amid  his  old  parishioners  in  Braintree, 
near  Boston. 

About  this  time,  while  the  General  Court  was 
in  session,  the  Bev.  Mr.  Ilarrison,  of  Virginia, 
visited  Boston,  in  company  with  Durand,  one  of 
his  elders,  and  stated  that  his  church  numbered 
one  hundred  and  eighteen  communicants,  and 
that  several  of  the  council  and  nearly  a thousand 
persons  sympathized  with  their  mode  of  worship, 
but  owing  to  the  Governor’s  hostilitv  thev  would 
be  obliged  to  seek  a new  home;  Lord  Baltimore 
had  appointed  at  tliis  time  AVilliam  Stone,  a 
J^rotestant,  formerly  sherifl*  of  Northampton 
County,  Virginia,  governor  of  his  colony,  and 
the  members  of  Harrison’s  church  were  invited 
to  settle  near  Annapolis.  Harrison  did  not  re- 
main with  them  long,  but  returned  to  England, 
and  reported  the  arbitrary  conduct  of  Govenor 
Berkeley.  On  October  the  eleventh,  1649,  the 
Council  of  State  wrote  to  the  Governor  tliat  they 
had  been  informed,  by  petition  of  the  congrega- 
tion of  Xansemond,  in  Virginia,  that  their  min- 


in*m  orfT.  .lin  ««■' 

tfff  .rfsWTr  .j.tioq  i^ifU  ew^MWc  ffifif-xinq  E'.d 

,y,i*  ovia  !Hw  JX.  Kiift  ^Hn^^awf.  otoxn  a.lJ 

' ’’.aoiiwmti^  ,«at-l!-«miff  !>n«  viinoco  atodyr  * 

,,i«txi  i>rnmm  bas^  aJr.yil'4.  c ««v/  floaqmol 

4«a  naod  a-wd  4-.d  i««  ail  rfs»fl 

)ei.K.i.>o  od,  lo  -irioxnHeyro.fi  ,!>Oto 

imr,  xloftS-i  dl  l>orm»)-jy  bftc  ; 

,ooTla;ina4ji  e,oa.>i.(eiyx^  bio  e.d 

Bf:v/i-,noO  lixtoiiaO  orfl  afrifw  .ociiil  .idl  lnpif  A _ 

.nfni^ii?  lo:r>oeh-..XI  . tW  .vyJJ_  adl 

•lo  y.xo  4)nm..a;:  fiJivi',  f’’  . 

l.y«d.ni<r  xl‘4n.lo  bnfl  ^aWo  eid 

i>t,n  .elflnoimH«mor  noou%io  bm.  ^I>«.xd  ono 
L.useuodl  n vhBan  iwe  nonnoy  oiftlo  Intovoe  )»..5l 
.nideio'/r  lo  obon.  lioiH  Atlu  l):.xi.Hnqnrce  erto^oq 
fdnov/'iOifJ  vliiiJ>r<«l  e-ioinovoO  odJ  ot 
• nomijlua  in^a  i^tnod  '/m  ^ ^ 

« , or, 018  mnrfi  «d»  l«  fwlnwq-J«  1»;‘ 

na}.l«inifl-ioK  lo  yfr>m-.ol 

hnr.  .•cno'.oo  airl  to  your>yo-  ,,um^-nr  .r»'nxoO 

l.y,! vui  SHOW  ifyimla  «-uoe;ru:Ii  lo  enodmam  odr 
.:,T  4.,n  bib  iioehVtrll  -ail.xjnn.iA  inoxx  f«»»  <*1 
ioiohn-f  ot  byniBtai  i"d  .ll'wt  illtyr  ntwn 

4rVuyv5rir"rrr?Hibm  -n  oTfr  baticKio.  Inm 

oru  .tll'iyiyly  odi  'loduloO  “0— {,blo-Jioa 

vo.lt  J, nil  ao.4oyoi>  adt  ol  olorr/  oliH81o  lxon.<oJ 
.;.vv.noo  vdi  -i-  i.V4<HorT  V,;[  ,F.yonir<««->_^d  bm 
rflifr.'’nia<h  )«dj  "'  .bnort.oenRA  J<>  «<»l 


84 


TERUA  MARIJE. 

ister,  Mr.  ilai  rison,  an  able  man,  of  unblamable 
conversation,  bad  been  banished  the  colony  be- 
cause he  would  not  conform  to  the  use  of  the 
Common  rrayer  Book.  ‘‘As  the  Governor  can- 
not be  ignorant  that  the  use  of  it  is  prohibited 
by  Parliament,  he  is  directed  to  permit  Mr.  Har- 
rison to  return  to  his  ministry,  unless  there  is 
sutheient  cause  approved  hy  Parliament.” 

Although  iit  lirst  Cecil  Baltimore  adhered  to 
King  Charles,  yet  as  the  Parliament  forces,  under 
an  old  Yorkshire  friend,  Sir  Thomas  Fairfax, 
})egaii  to  conquer,  he  veered  to  the  side  of  the 
people,  and  to  obviate  awy  objections  that  might 
be  offered  not  onA  appointed  William  Stone,  a 
Protestant,  governor  of  the  colony,  but  also  sent 
out  to  the  Assembly  a carefully  prepared  law  to 
be  j)assed,  styled  “An  Act  concerning  Beligion,” 
embodying  the  distinctive  features  of  recent 
Ibiritan  legislation  concerning  the  Sabbatli,  a 
wide  contrast  to  the  permission  for  dancing, 
vaulting,  and  archery,  and  other  sports  which 
had  been  allowed  on  Sunday,  by  King  Charles. 

It  provided  “That  every  person  or  persons 
within  this  province  that  shall  at  any  time  here- 
after profane  the  Sabbath,  or  Lord’s  day,  called 
Sunday,  V)y  frequent  swearing,  drunkenness,  or 
by  any  uncivil  or  disorderly  recreation,  or  by 
working  on  that  day  when  absolute  necessity 
<loth  not  rv(iuire,”  shall  he  trued.  But  in  case 
the  otlenders  should  not  have  the  ability  to  t>ay 


io  fAiun  okfiJ  /u.  .ifo-hnftll  .*^l/ 

aM  'iTHoU)')  fnirf  JVAih^’^^rnoo 

i*ijf  'to  ->fr}?  •>»;!■'  {;>l  <m< ':  -vrj  ton  Mu 07/  a/l  ^Ktm. 

.fin:^:  :;o/n7V'fT^  o#ft  .aIo<;U  jiaOnfroO  ' 

■-(  ’lo  7t[j  jiuft  jrfn'o>/i\*f  9<J  io?i 
• V;H  ,*tK'  it«|-j^|''oJ  j)*>iv9'jif)  h[  ^i.4^jua:i{'f;/f  vff 
5<i  6*19 Ji  v-rjl f.t.o  //ij'fiiOi*  «ii]  o)  miftan  >t  «o<I-i 
’',  ' h97o'iq<'|>i  ti.fobifh/a 

Ot  “‘^-antijKiL  lii^U  A. 

‘!‘>i.  :(■•  (:>*i(,4  ifjaifJf;ff‘0;Vf  9(U  r>v 

,/.ii(  iL/'i  ^.-.jinoJT  ■ .{.‘ifO’h'l  u.ii 

oJt  ■);>  'ji.'rt  *.»ili  <!,l  hv»'f9*>v  mi  /l9fipiIO‘>  0.t 

tjojua  7!>ri  0:?i':lVlfo  Ot  ]>inj  ,vl<j09«J 

1-.  ,‘:>itO'l‘<  !;{;jfli’'//  ,f .M)i!;o<j([r‘  yUio  6(f 

,1 1 <>;-•[ f;  jiuj  ,7iU)ln'>  9;[|  ’!'>  7^tfn’)70^^  >*1*T 

0"t  '>Oii  I)9-i7;'!'.‘-50  /!  vjvji ?!•>'?■:  A ':>fft  <0  .1)10 

!!' ';'>7i0*9  t‘>A  hA.‘"  oJ 

iu'j'iri  ‘4o  ; :>'iir,tii  0 ovnooir-fi*  difi 

a a4*  'jfiihi’vi'.ixrv 

pjiii7iu,;b  :'.i Oil)  <>j  j^frJ JlfO')  yl)!v/ 

li'iiiiv;  '-)•'!,?'{  5'.>ii^>  Ikjx 

vJ  ,'/):!> no  h'>7/'>nii  099(1 


r ' !<  V i ', 

. j -iQt  n^y 

: rt9V7 

IntlT"  .^I 

OOHj  '{lu: 

.Jil  bi 

;>!47ikiq.4i-ii^  ni4ti7/ 

1>  ••il),’. 

4 u 94)  f>r ifij.o'nf-. 

^1*1 

'/OijOOloO'i 

b to 

>ii|>o‘il  7)i  ,'/:4uu;^ 

4 M;, 

rjf,  7j''J‘>iO0 

70  1(7(901)  VjOi  */»i 

9''(' 

Itojiv/ 

liof)  nu  ::,on*47ov/ 

voinbi  o-.n  :i  /i.;t{  ion  liinofl-*.  rt'iobn'alu 


ACT  CONCERNING  RELIGION. 


85 


the  fine  imposed,  it  was  provided  that  the  per- 
sons should  he  imprisoned  till  they  were  ready 
to  make'  open  confession,  and  for  the  third 
oftense  they  were  to  be  publicly  whipped. 

It  further  declared,  that  any  one  that  should 
deny  the  Holy  Trinity  should  be  punished  with 
death  and  confiscation  of  goods. 

It  also  prohibited  the  use  of  any  reproachful 
words  concerning  “the  blessed  Virgin  Vary,  the 
mother  of  our  Saviour,  or  the  holy  Apostles  or 
Evangelists,  and  the  calling  of  any  one  in  a re- 
proachful way  heretic,  schismatic,  idolater,  Puri- 
tan, Presbyterian,  Independent,  Popish  Priest, 
Jesuit,  Jesuitod  Papist,  Lutheran,  Anabaptist, » 
Brownist,  Antinomian,  Barrowist,  Boundhead, 
and  Separatist,  or  any  other  name.” 

The  Assembly  of  1649,  to  which  Lord  Balti- 
more’s law  was  submitted,  consisted  of  the  Gov- 
ernor, a Protestant,  six  councillors,  and  nine  bur- 
gesses; and  those  who  have  carefully  examined 
the  early  records  feel  confident  that  five  of  the 
burgesses  were  Roman  Catholics,  and  three  of 
tlie  councillors.^ 

The  law  remitted  to  them  was  much  more 
minute  than  any  that  had  been  before  presented, 
and  the  oath  of  fidelity  to  the  Proprietor  was  a 
recent  recpiirement,  and  while  they  could  not 
well  do  otherwise  than  pass  the  act  that  was  sub- 


1 Davis. 

S 


-1'>>C^  ^'dt  h’^d)Hmq  ;Jr  .bsaoqnti  ^uh  mb 

yfifiOi  l'f#/;KH’!i'if|ffU  9(f  f>ljiOj(fa  Rflo% 

iriliii  aiii  *K>i  fcnii  ^aoiaao'iaoo  »foqo  'oj^aai  oi 

uJ  ot  0107/  'vub  oaaoito 

hinoih  i|i£tt  i&j{)1£j1'5I 

fli^#  Off  {>iti*>a^  7lfnhT  yjoli  odl  yiiob 

noflBOj^dnoo  bm  iJ£of) 

{i»‘td>/iOi^|o'i  7fi;;  odi  Lojidufoiq  os!b  il 

y{j]  ui'jA'dV  l>*^Beoki  otit  ‘*  ^iitinooiioo  sL'iow 

•ID  jroh-XK|A  v1d{j  odt  ID  ino  lo  lodtom, 

*0'*  /,  nf  o<iD  VD£i  *1o  ‘jiMitliwo  od.i  bii/i 
-nidi  ,1  'nikirf)!  ^oiJBffffeiltl  >a  .ortoiod  ’{flv/  hildouoiq 
dni  jo^l  4it!>b»»o«|o|>4il  ,nni 

,lai1qiid/i<tA  .,££irn:u  boiluaoL  Muhjil 

.IjiiOifbaJioH  ^iaiv/(mB«I  ^njuiiiionitnA  ,>aiif7/oil[ 
’\onj/i(i  lotllo  id  biJii 

-ilTfjH  bioJ  iloulv/  oi  1o  vkliiiofcaA  odT 

-vuv)  oifJ  ‘to  bcqai'fc/t03>  d^^liiaKfuB  a/m  V7«f  goioiri 
-•nnl  onbi  bar,  ,f>v4fionmrj  zifi  ^luBi^oloVl  Q ,’iom9 
iinuitirBXO  vlfj/iy  inD  ov/iff  odv/  oaoili  bnii 
odt  to  d7it  jaobitaoo  lo^’t  ir^tnoooi  ^^hco  odl 
lo  onidl  Ifiiiit  n/ouoil  oiov/  aofcfco^ificf 

s,  ‘.^/loUioiiaoo  ‘>i{i 

oiout  il’.>i;m  V/  orodj  ot  l>oitimoi  i/ni  oiiT 
J)-.Ot!‘>feoiq  o’lolod  iiOTil  f)j4il  umh  otimifti 

B ^j,//  iltno  odl  k»t«i 

U>ti  olifl//  biif*  ,uiofimiijp‘jf  itioool 

-iliia  arrw  Jinif  bju  oill  aaiuj  u/ult  oaiv/iodlo  ob  Hovf 

. ■ - f'> 


86 


TERRA  MARRE. 


mitted,  they  took  occasion  to  write  to  the  Pro- 
prietary these  words : 

“We  do  farther  humbly  request  your  Lord- 
ship that  hereafter  such  things  as  your  Lordship 
may  desire  of  us,  may  be  done  with  as  little 
swearing  as  conveniently  may  be,  experience 
teaching  us  that  a great  occasion  is  given  to  much 
perjury  when  swearing  becometh  common.  For- 
feitures, perhaps,  wall  be  more  efficacious  to  keep 
men  honest,  than  swearing.  Oaths  little  prevail 
upon  men  of  little  conscience.  And,  lastly,  we 
do  humbly  request  your  Lordship  hereafter  to 
send  us  no  more  such  bodies  of  laws,  which  serve 
to  little  other  end  than  to  till  our  heads  with  sus- 
picions, jealousies,  and  dislikes  of  that  which 
verily  we  understand  not;  rather  we  shall  desire 
your  Lordship  to  send  some  short  heads  of  what 
is  desired,  and  then  we  do  assure  your  Lordship 
of  a most  forward  willingness  in  us  to  give  your 
Governor  all  just  satislaotion  that  can  be  thought 
reasonable.” 

Edward  Gibbons,  once  a gay  young  man,  then 
- a person  of  weight  around  Boston,  and  their  cliief 
military  officer,  had  for  years  traded  with  the 
Maryland  Colony,  and  while  in  England  became 
acquainted  with  Lord  Baltimore.  It  was  there- 
fore wise  policy,  now  that  Charles  was  beheaded, 
and  the  battles  of  Xaseby  and  Marston  Moor  had 
proved  that  there  was  truth,  as  well  as  sarcasm, 
in  the  song  of  the  Cavalier, 


-I 


jHAHIs-U.  xaH'A't 


:'3 


rrT<r  ol  noiftisO'OO  >Ioot 
' ^ :^f)YOY/ 

4J10.T  i«or  A«wp®!i  -i'U'fniftd  isilnui  oh 
(titish-ioJ  -um  f-n  f.7t;«fiiJ  ihm  uoiinawf  JeriJ  q'«*  ' ' 
9bUr<U8  'J’<S9h  T«HI 

alioiioqxo  ,0tf  W'^  v(.iiiyii!!r/noo  kb  aanfiswa 
ibffm  ot  iJ»v% »i  Hoku:.'>o  ir.o-na. « ***ll kx)  :§<ntbiJ0J^ 
-'(o’i  .aonii(M»o  if')oiiio->yd  ^nriitswe.  liodw  yA«b^‘I 
qo't'i  oi  Kijoii-ityiib  ■^•iou:  9d  Iliv;  ,K<]B(fi9q  ,»9-ioJf9‘i 

lifivOTq  slnil  sif  >«0  .'Sitii-i-'iO’yK  nftHt  ,JK‘j«<>ii  «3tn'. 
ov,  ,v!jwil  .hiiA  .om'jhMxm  Dltlrl  lo  iism  noqo 
ot  r.ttfioMd  cjhlKhioJ  lOf-y  l*9i'pi«  xWi«0'l  «*> 
avios  d'juiyf  ,*v.'(il  'io  s9i)>od  ri^BK  fxwtt  ou  eu  hif»* 
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doiilw  lidJ  to  KO-dilKih  hns  ^‘iiwjotooj,  ,««owiq 
af, ■IJr.ifrw  wibm  h«>drt*)torn  ow  yii-ioy 
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id-nooiU  od  Hfi'J  icd»  iioimlMtoo  -to” I M» 

(fol'fj  ,ff«m  Hfiuocii'%  « <>'>«'>  .snodtfiO  hiByd.H 
l.ido  li-Vd)  hf.B  ,l!O>K0tI  h.UHnU  3lfjj;w’i4M10MO<I  « 
9dt  dim  hobu-d  yol  !.«,!  ,io9»o  Vjdddri 

omxivxf  htiidiMdC  ni  oHd'ff  hn«  ,7.noioO  himl/.tcW. 

.Oiortir^tt  («oJ  M-n  h'.tot.ii.iWB 
.fwhiiodacr  in-»  sidacrfO  tftdf  vwi  V{,9if*jq  sw'"  aiol 
i,£d  tool/.  no**-.£l/-  b««  qdWJiKto  aolJtod  odt  bn« 

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.TiiiiiViiO  <nij  to 


T 


gibbons  appointed  admiral. 


87 


Aicbough  they  siuiiSed  psalms,  to  give 
These  rebel  dogs  their  due, 

Vi’hen  the  roaring  shot  poured  thick  and  hot, 

They  were  stalwart  men  and  true,” 

to  conciliate  Parliament  and  its  friends  in  his 
coloii3%  and  he  tendered  to  Gibbons,  in  1650,  a 
commission  as  Admiral  of  the  province  and 
councillor,  AYhile  the  records  show  that  Gib- 
bons owned  a windmill  at  Saint  Mary,  he  does 
not  appear  to  have  become  a permanent  resident 
of  the  colony. 

The  Assembly  of  1650,  it  is  admitted  by  all, 
had  a Protestant  majority,^  and  they  created  an 
upper  and  lower  house,  to  meet  apart,  the  Gov- 
ernor and  council  constituting  the  upper,  a form 
of  government  which  remained  unchanged  until 
the  American  revolution.  They  also  struck  out 
from  the  oath  of  fidelity,  prescribed  by  Lord 
Baltimore,  the  expressions  of  ‘‘absolute  Lord” 


1 Members  of  Assembly,  1G50: 

Saint  Mary’s  County. 

St.  George  Hundred — John  Hatch,  P.;  Walter  Beane,  P. 

Newtown  Hundred — Johu  Medley;  Wm.  Brough,  P.;  Robert 
Robins,  P. 

St.  Clements  Hundred — Francis  Posey,  P. 

St.  Mary’s  Hundred — Philip  Laml ; Francis  Brooks. 

St.  Inigos  Hundred — Cuilibert  Fenwick. 

St.  Michael’s  Hundred — Tlios.  Sterman,  P.;  George  Manners. 

Providence  or  Ann  Arundel  County. 

James  Cox,  P.;  George  Paddington,  P. 

Those  marked  i*  were  Protestants. 

/ 


T8 


r,  <' 


»4»tv,v>V\u  &vjNaa\t> 

ft'/  b ‘:vs 


€k.., 


,•**;•  'Hwii  fc:a[rtb  ^co4.C 

,j«4  lva«  x/.r.  fc5.:.-'u®(5  W!l=  ani'«'.''  '" 

•’.•ujii  i'f.'i''  s-.aw  - 

;,ii{  ni  afciwWl;  «f>  In-.:'-  iu»fr:whi»^  f^,‘‘"‘''‘“'.'' 
a -Mu^if  tn  ,»i!oaoit>  03 

o^n-vo-iq  -lo  .« 

a.i  , v'(r.K,  f^vr«a  ^aod 

,1«  vd  'oo.«lM,!,a  v:i  ii  .05»t  m 

” ‘ .n-<-!'>  '?'''•’•  ' '• ; -i-^lncn.  .<!>d?)'J»o-i  i « I'f..fl 


lb..uoo  6<»:  'o.m 
; 4 7.,.-rr  ..:n:uilovei'i  uttum’fnA-^dl 

;::::/■  :,'V:fc:;;,  ■>«  -- 

"b-lOxi  9Tldovi«*>  ’19  9^9K.U!uL»-.1 

**"  . -»3rr*t  ^ 


4^1 


.*f  ,i*j;cKo4- 

M ,^<^»V.H.I  l'».'  »•  •'•'■y  ■■  • ’■  ’ '"■  ' 


88 


TERRA  MARIJE. 


and  ‘‘royal  jurisdiction,”  and  inserted  that  they 
would  defend  all  his  lordship’s  rights  “not  any 
wise  understood  to  infringe  or  prejudice  liberty 
of  conscience  and  religion.”  The  settlements  of 
rrovidence  were  also  this  year  organized  into  a 
county,  named  after  the  recently  deceased  wife 
of  the  Proprietary,  Ann  Arundel.^ 

Charles  the  Second,  an  exile  at  Breda,  hearing 
of  Baltimore’s  turning  to  the  Parliament,  com- 
unissioned  SirAVilliam  Davenant,  tlie  god-son  of 
Shakspeare,  as  Governor  of  Maryland,  “alleging 
therein  the  reason  to  be  because  Lord  Baltimore 
did  visibly  adhere  to  the  rebels  in  England,  and 
admitted  all  kinds  of  sectaries  and  schismatics 
and  ill-atfected  persons  into  that  plantation.” 
With  the  aid  of  Queen  Henrietta  Maria,  Dave- 
nant collected  a company  of  French  mechanics 
and  weavers,  and  sailed  from  a port  in  Hormandy 
for  America;  but  on  the  sea  he  was  captured  by 
a I’arliament  ship,  brouglit  to  England,  and 
lodged  in  the  Tower,  where  he  tinished  his  poem 
of  Gondibert,  and  was  at  length  released  from 


* Ann  Arumlel,  the  wife  of  Cecil,  Lord  Baltimore,  and  daugh-  • 
ter  of  Thomas  Arundel,  Baron  of  Wardour,  died  on  the  23d  of 
July,  Itiia,  in  the  3-ltli  year  of  her  age.  The  following  is  one 
of  the  inscrij)tions  on  her  tomb  at  Tishury: 

“Anna  Arundelia,  {uilcherrima  et  optima  conjux  Cecilii  Cal- 
verfi  Baronis  de  Baltemore,  et  absolu  : domini  Terrie  Marite,  et 
Av;i1oni;e,  Filiaq:  Cli  iri^^''im;i  Thonui'  Aruudeliie,  Priiui  Baronis 
do  U aider  ci  .^ac  iiouip.  Imp.  Couiius.’’ 


% 

i 

i 


him  *%rrof1off>^?rifrr  In'w^  {>(11? 
’/i'i«  sV|nfalm>f  aiif  fh;  Xvltio'/r/ 

y rnhil  'fO  O'ijtTri'lni  ot  hoajB*j^jhnii  o^r/r 

V)  HtmavjUhfi  atlT  ’'.woryjlrt  him  oouobfjuoo  “io! 
ji  <4{fJ  oefri  o^jov/  otmohivoi^I 

ilihr  le/tis  Imimii 

yj,ai/w^)d  ,sihonM  in  oUk^j  na  Jmwo£»8  ^ 

-moo  Jit  JUS alhnH  ‘jdi  (4  a'd'iomftfKU  lo 

*lo  iso^-b<yg  ^dS  (miilUV/ 

,f>MnIv  ml4  ‘to  loinovoD  sfi 
jfomfHjjfl  ijtoA  o^jSfrtfMi  Off  oi  otlj  iimoiD 

I>u«  ui  ot  vjdiftr/  hif> 

i>M/i  Frohirtoo^  'h>  Ilf; 

Iwiit  uiitr  a(H>/rvr[  bft/i 

fid<u;14  riljyf’ifioll  f('<*5nd,h*h>  hm  Oih  ifJiV/ 
»oiirjvf{oom  ilo/io*iU  ‘Jo  -(^nsomoo  a Ix»j‘>9lk)o  Uinn 
f lnisuirsoY.  ifi  iio<|  j?  uioit  holhi^.haa  ^B’tovaov/  Laa 
yd  b'JiuUiivj  bivH  fjii  Hue  odJ  ao  iad  ;aohomA  -idi 
hiui  oi  iil-^ao-id  ,iikh  iiry/imihuU  « 

laooq  eid  huthinh:  od  yiOihr  /j^vniT  udf  ai 
irru'il  bs&xjobi  ja  »«v/  [>aa  ^i'ltaiil^aoD  io 


Ifts  C .fb^Olrt  ■o'iiw  orh  JoSuw'tf^  ttnA  * 

“io  btl;  urfJ  lit  tuo-h  ,‘iir^hnfi'H  X>  u«'»»  W iMMoiiT  lo  /s^t 

-■•41' ■■  Vm(  In  %4\1^X 

ipintniT  »<1  “ssii  ?ulJ  lo 

~\k  ) 3Mj[*T»r^  amsA** 

>*»  ,*i;i’igt»l/!  *i*j*<'l  !»3itfu4»  ; vSo>'  tjt  It#  *t>  hi9i' 

ihiuo '>ili  jjtiit*!  ir' / .3*'  .» i’  ijOJi-i-ifli'ilO  ; |U‘.fh’i?  /, 

, a-iu«  Jo.  ivt'**//  oil 


JOHN  LEWGEE. 


89 


durance  vile  ” by  the  intercession  of  the  great 
Puritan  poet,  John  Milton. 

In  concluding  this  article  on  the  formative 
period  of  the  colony,  it  will  not  be  inappropriate 
to  glance  at  the  subsequent  career  of  those  who 
had  been  the  pioneer  religious  teachers  among 
the  early  settlers  of  Maryland.  Father  Andrew 
White  returned  to  England  and  died  on  Decem- 
ber the  twenty-seventh,  1656. 

John  Lev\ger  having  become  a Eoman  Cath- 
olic priest,^  and  inmate  of  Lord  Baltimore’s  house, 
plunged  into  the  theological  controversies  of  the 
hour,  and  in  1659  published  a work  entitled 
“Erastus  Junior,  a solid  demonstration  by  prin- 
ciples, forms  of  ordination,  common  laws,  acts 
of  Parliament,  that  no  Bishop  nor  Presbyter 
hath  any  authority  to  preach  from  Christ,  but 
from  Parliament.”  This,  three  years  later,  was 
followed  by  ‘‘Erastus  Senior,  scholastically  dem- 
onstrating the  conclusion  that  admitted  Lambeth 
Pecords  to  be  true,  those  called  Bishops  here  in 


* Benjamin  Denham,  Chaplain  of  Earl  of  Winchester,  on  Jan. 
27,  16G7,  writes  from  Pera,  near  Constantinople: 

“Surprised  at  the  appointment  of  Marquis  of  Dorchester. 
All  that  is  treated  of  in  the  Privy  Council  about  Roman  Catlio- 
lies  is  discovered  to  Lord  Brudenell  and  Lord  Baltimore,  Gover- 
nor of  Maryland,  whose  Chaplain,  an  English  recusant,  now  a 
Romish  priest,  was  one  of  the  vicegerents  there,  in  Charles  the 
First’s  time.” — Cal.  Slate  Papers,  Dom,  Series. 


8^ 


■Jr/ 

t^voq 

y'jjbftos  0I 


; ;;  T , / ~'’ii'^ 

‘10  bomq 

,v>,>:;r.'  /J’ 

of 

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■ »:  ••  -iJ!*'  •'■  ,-  , ■ • 

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nc!'0U 

'1:  5 • ' . ■ ^ 'ji  **  J 

i>^?rT«T  nUv 

, .1  ‘.}Ui 

i 

,;  ;,:,q  i 

)i::i  /uMid. 

i;fin>  v>  .laini/  L 

r *'  ■ ^ 

^Jt  ■-  ■'*.  - V i 

ijrafino  "u.-’  " 

Oil  :^'»:il; 

,:!tudi  ‘io 

• 5 i':T  rUvjii'rn 

'Mfi  filivd 

, ;;  ; T ‘ i ■»';'  1 ..  ^ 

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nti’ 

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. -•  .>.  -)<i;('’l  ruo'l?  ■‘"j 

5;:  ;;;  .'UrU 

.,  ;'...(■  ■■;■  ‘iih  ] 

; ,i  ..,i ' it;  “j » . n A 

^ . l.'-orJ<yoniU  ai  -'tl 

!■  : ;•’  ; K-r)  >'-  M?  ^ 

■V.'  ■Joa 

r.}-/  ••'(;  'lo  :'A'0  , 

V ?,  ,W  i"-- 

90  • 


TERRA  MARIJE. 


J^]ngland,  are  no  Bishops  either  in  order  or  juris- 
diction, or  so  miicli  as  legal.” 

"When  the  plague  raged  in  London,  he  exposed 
himself  in  visiting  poor  sick  Roman  Catholics, 
and  died  of  that  disease  in  1665  at  St.  Giles-in- 
the-Fields. 

The  scholarly  Knowles,  on  visiting  his  native 
land,  found  many  of  his  schoolmates  in  promi- 
nent places,  and  his  ability  as  a preacher,  for  a 
period,  gave  him  Bristol  Cathedral  as  a field  of 
labor,  hut  on  the  restoration  of  Charles  the 
Second,  he  refused  to  conform,  and  was  silenced. 

After  Icaviiig  Bristol,  he  preached  for  sixteeii 
years  at  rershore,  in  AVorcester,  and  on  April 
the  ninth,  1665,  his  house  was  searched,  goods 
seized,  and  himself  im[)risoncd  for  sedition,  be- 
cause he  had  collected  money  for  suffering  Po- 
landers,  which  in  his  petition  for  release,  he 
quaintly  says  “he  did  not  know  was  unlawful, 
hut  thought  tliem  an  ohject  of  pity.”  On  his 
release,  he  devoted  himself  to  those  sufiering 
from  the  jdague  in  London,  and  at  the  ripe  age 
of  fourscore  and  five  yeai's,  on  April  the  tenth, 
1685,  was  gathered  to  his  fathers. 

Lord  Baltimore,  in  1651,  in  a letter  to  the 
Assembly  of  ^raryland,  alludes  with  respect  to 
Lr.  Thomas  Harrison,  who  a]>pcars  then  to  have 
been  in  London,  and  was  for  some  time  the  rniii- 
ist(‘r  of  8t.  Dimstaii's  East. 


^ ''f::^:%^}mqxi^  9-'i  f:ts<yhru\I  »iJ73i;l(f  frjilV/'  .'  ;\1  ' 

niJ'fJ10>1.  -J^'dh  7f‘rO<|  ^^ilfli^iv  Iff  ’j[{o?il/U<f  ' ';'>l  I 


-ni-srii'iO  ,4^  (li  o»'L'>^J'f.»  intfi'  [)0>5''  fjirrs  ^ 

a^r^Xit!  <jr>  <ftaf  '//Ofj/C OifT  ' 

4oict<|  nl  ftaiitailooifas  s«iff Tiiafft  f>ifj;vl  ,f:)tihf  ^ 
ii  lOt  li  ««  vlOitifi  fikl  hrts  <«0*>«iq  Snoa  - 

Jo  hhi!:  Ji  iirk  [ij4>afitK0  (ojsihfl  mnf  Jx>h‘iq  ' 

ai(t  ‘^o  nofhno)?**^^  Oiit  tro  tod  ^lodal  '4:i,, 

■:b3oat^ih  Hfiv/  hai«  .mioluon  oT  haajiloi  od  J>no‘>‘j8 

. ■ ' ■■•  . '1.  ' *i- '"  ’ '■ 

f>^»d:^c•J^1q;  t>ff  ,lot%:HO.  ^ur/nol  H'oilK"  ;. 

Ir'fij/i  no  Ikih  uf  /iio/fanoM  ta 

ftfK>op  frr//  ,GftO*  iffinin  oilt 

-ad  :i‘aOrtfbi»>i  7di  FfOoO>j7qrftr'd'*p(Hfd  lina  djo.<iO?i 
•f/I  ^rrhaftwa  to1:  yofronj  (rjtaaUoa  bi;d  od  o^rj#;'j 
ad  tot  nohitaq  hid  nr  ilardvr  ,%7f)lmnl  ! 

,In'i7/'idnrf  &i;v/ v/ond  Ion  Idb  ad  **  7jlniiif/|>  * ; !^: 

^iif  nO  *’.v.tf<|  Jo  Ho{<W  n«  madt  ld)[)riodl  Ind  -*®fy 

•^jthojU/a  iHOift  ot  tl  /^'orid  fr>l07‘>r>  od  ,Oftwafai 
o?j!.ri  yqh  inll  in  [mn  .nobarKl  nroupalq  odl  mot!  . t’ 
,iluial  o.dt  JhqA  i>o  07it  biu:  ‘j-Kv>-<tiiol  1o  • i 

■, , ■ .si-^tad.fd!  >^fd  of  hwnifri^  '"' 

Sift  oi  lotlaf  e nl  ,fcttr  m*  .atomiduH,  bioJ 


*•»;,  J 

■4  ,' 

I 

■:2 


ojf  dt/w  7>ol»rdiij  .biinl'n/dA  'to  vfdnra^sftA 

07;:d  of  OjiU  iufv/  ,m>&htiiXf  AomiodT  .'dl 

Hihii 'jdi  omit  oitio^  7o't  Him  f>un  <fioJ:)r:ow{  ni  qood 


DR.  THOMAS  HARRISON. 


91 


. *V\nicn  the  upright  Harry  Cromwell,  respected 
by  foes,  and  loved  by  friends,  became  Viceroy  of 
Ireland,  he  accompanied  him  as  Chaplain,  and 
was  very  useful  as  a preacher  in  Dublin.  Sev- 
eral of  his  letters  are  printed  in  the  Thurloe 
State  Papers,  and  he  published  a work  called 
“ Topica  Sacra,”  and  in  1659  a sermon  called 
“ Threni  Hibernici,  or  Ireland  sympathizing  with 
Eno’land  and  Scotland  in  a sad  lamentation  for 
the  loss  of  her  Josiah.” 

As  he  advanced  in  years,  like  Eichard  Baxter, 
he  suffered  from  persecution,  and  in  the  Calen- 
dar of  State  Papers  for  1665,  there  is  a report 
dated  Chester,  July  the  third,  of  which  the  fol- 
lowing is  the  substance:  “A  conventicle  of  one 
hundred  persons  was  appointed  at  the  house  of 
Dr.  Thomas  Harrison,  late  Chaplain  of  Harry 
Cromwell ; broke  open  the  house,  found  some 
under  the  beds,  others  in  the  closets,  and  thirty 

were  taken  before  the  Mavor.” 

•/ 

Eefined,  a tluent  speaker,  an  earnest  Chris- 
tian, he  was  greatly  admired,  and  the  Earl  of 
Thomond  used  to  say  he  had  rather  hear  Dr. 
Harrison  say  grace  over  an  egg,  than  hear  the 
Bishops  pray  or  preach.” 

In  one  of  the  Camden  Society  Publications^ 


^ Smith’s  Obituaries. 


fwJosqsai  .EIwfHO'iD  ynw’ft  arff  md'U 

lo  f sfttjij'jd  : E''*7'^E  ,89o1  y/f  , 

[vHB  ae  fffirf  fowiiaqrtioopn  arf  .bnaloil 

-va?4  .nildxrtf,  itr  TOiIoK'XKj  « aa  Itilayu  vi97  8ivw 

iwhdfiT  ot(}  ni  {>uffii;K[  «-ts>15'>l  aid  "Eo  Ib-i9 
boHiJO  d'loyy  jfc  f>9il«il(fr/<i  sd  bnu  ,?n9qn‘I  elwlS 
bdteii  noim-y*  « ««»!  ni  f>»«  '',«fo«a  wPJoT" 
rJtiw bifisfo'jl  10  ^roiiixaJilX  kioiiiT^ 
lo't  ^ hiisi  f>fu>{g(uX 

'\fW.-iol  lod  io  e^ot  adt 
.lytjoia  kittikril  adii  tn  lv>^fiBvLxi  ad  aA 

-fialijO  6V)jt  iii  him  ,iK>rJ{ii>v^t'K}  tnoit  boidftna  od 
A iol  lo  inb 

-la  adi  diddw 'io  d>iid)  oJj 

{jno  'to  tvf'>kd^»vr;oa  A»*  lootifd^dira  adt  fti  ■g^itiv^oi 
*lo  <^dH«  l>0JfifO(|qH  ftftv/  iwbrrnd 

vj]/ill  'k»  olid  .MO^niuH  fiJjitiodT  /iG 

otitviH  h^iiiol  ^Ofetnoil  ad)  iir^qo  odu'fd  ; llav/moiO 
7vi(ly  bt?fl  yd)  iu  aiyiko  r^bud  aJj 

’\no-^i;U  oiit  oicd  ^d  «yd«)  O'law 
-and:)  )p.aaiB3  fic  ,rydH':M{a,inyw^  d)ondo>l  ^ 
'to  I-uiH  oif)  loni  .[yymuhii  •^!)Jivp^  »i(  ,tod) 

.'id  *TS}od 'tydk*!  bt*d  'jlI**  oi  ooau  biioitiod  r 
«^d)  isio>d  maf)  ly  w ooi5-u& 

'\doijoMi  10  Yd‘Hd 

<lv./ioi)iuiiklfdl  vloioo8  {ioLauiO  od!  to  oiio  nl 

,,  V /■'•■>,  I ■■■  ■'  eVtifinatH  ^ ' 

'd  ''''^-, 


92  TEBEA  MARIAS. 

is  the  last  notice  we  have  of  Sir  William  Berke- 

[ ley’s  chaplain : 

! “ 1665,  Oct.  13.  Dr,  Thomas  Harrison,  preacher 

j at  St.  Cliristopher’s,  and  before  at  St.  Bartholo- 

^ mew’s,  died  ex  peste.  Was  buried  on  the  four- 

I teenth.” 

I 


f 


1 


'1/  ;vjr/-  Vck 

: iiiiiiqrrtf*:'  y"' 

i'l '/!=■■' i.  r, i ' .‘'"n 

■;  ■ •„  ' .5i> 

V:,  iy)Vo  -lit 


DIFFICULTIES  WITH  VIRGINIANS,  AND  FROM 
. CIVIL  WAR  IN  ENGLAND. 

A^^rUEL  MATTHEWS  and  William 
Clavborne  were  two  of  tlie  ‘ Virginia 
Councillors  who,  in  October,  1629,  re- 
fused to  rdlow  Lord  George  Baltimore  to  settle 
in  the  colony,  unless  lie  complied  with  the  law 
of  England,  and  took  the  oath  of  allegiance  and 
supremacy.  Partly  on  this  account  their  sub- 
sequent relations  with  his  son  and  successor, 
Cecil  Baltimore,  were  not  very  pleasant. 

Matthews  owned  the  best  estate  in  the  colony, 
on  the  River  James,  just  above  Xewport  Xews, 
and  was  thrifty  and  intelligentJ  His  wife  was 
the  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Hinton.  His  plan- 
tation was  a miniature  village;  the  flax  and 
hemp  were  there  made  into  fabrics;  the  cattle 
not  only  furnished  beef  for  the  ships  bound  for 
Eimland,  but  the  hides  were  tanned,  and  the 
leatlier  mndc  into  shoes.  The  dairy  was  large, 


* Tlic  eurly  manuscript  records  of  tlic  Virghiia  Company, 
show  that  he  received  a palent  as  early  as  iGllU, 

(93) 


.....  . 


„ feSVaVailTTAM^^  J2tUMA| 

^r'.'^^nfs'ii'Ti'isdi'  ■ ';®’w,t  ’’ots'W^  9ti'«Mf'.(;i^-  i| 

^ ,<?£»£  -ai ,od-w;'ma(lfe«a«>0'"  i*.„  , ., 

J frrniw^m 

■ ^ *vfM  vd^idltTW ■ tMifMO . i^irafao^  ^ 

4'«';-«6»fr  9')ffftf|9l{t?.‘l'o  iljBO'wtt  5l.o©t,  fa(t*‘”,L'iicjsaa.lo 
.!jt4 * .•d.rfs'  riildt  JO»df!)&;.  ^ 

s •<  . ■ Mcw«jlq  x^i&r  )oa  ffow  ’,momiltBll 

'P'Jr^aoIto.aitJ  .«i  aJsteo  Ifead  v«-.  K'wsfliJftK  t: ' 

•3r#iiiift*isj^J>n«J,  ^ .-s* 

^4  -««t<piU5.  .^Jniil : sft&ofIT.  tl8  ..'to  ;i  ajd^sb.;  ®4}|^i| 

srfll-WMfjtt  <rf0T-.9fe««t'Wd.t.  OTiw 
it>l  btiood  s»|itf8^®(tl  i(A'’i99«f  "l»94Hhi<sftj.^jo^^ 

bwft:  .#’''■■■ 

wlT  oitoaf' 

'%iaA  ^ 


94 


TERRA  MAR  RE. 


and  live  stock  of  all  kinds  abundant.  At  bis 
own  cost,  moreover,  he  began  the  erection  of  a 
fort  at  Point  Comfort. 

Loyal  to  the  King,  he  esteemed  it  a part  of  his 
religion,  before  the  days  of  the  Commonwealth, 
to  denounce  Papists  and  Puritans.^  He  was  a 
type  of  the  early  planter ; “lived  bravely,  kept 
a good  house,  and  was  a true  lover  of  Virginia.” 

Clayborne  was  also  a representative  man.  He 
came  to  the  colony  in  1621,  as  Surveyor ; soon 
became  a Councillor;  was  for  many  years  Secre- 
tary of  State,  and  explored  the  Chesapeake ; 
established  a trading  post  at  Palmer’s  Isle,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Susquehanna,  and  made  a settle- 
ment at  Kent  Island,  at  least  three  years  before 
the  patent  for  Maryland  was  issued.  He  visited 
England  shortly  after  George  Baltimore’s  re- 
turn, and  on  the  sixteenth  of  ^lay,  1631,  was, 
with  his  associates^  licensed  to  trade  in  those 
l>arts  for  which  a patent  had  not  already  been 
granted.  As  soon  as  it  was  known  that  Lord 
Baltimore  had  comprehended  the  land  already 
occupied  within  his  patent,  William  Cloberry, 
John  de  la  Barre,  and  David  ^Moorhead,  of  Lon- 
don, partners  of  Clayborne,  remonstrated,  on  the 
ground  that  they  had  already  purchased  the  Isle 
of  Kent,  and  began  a settlement. 

The  planters  of  Virginia,  when  they  heard  of 


* ilaaimond,  iu  Leah  and  Kuciiel/' 


fj.'  -V  ^ M? 

j I ’ ‘ , :,.  .V-  '■  oj-  -V  -'^.  - ■ - ■ ■■■*^^  ■ 

f '' 'fir"'  Ms,  >boi«i  .^yii.  baft 

I 4>  ‘io  lIai!^>^>1^ 

|-  . •■  . j'-jcyffooO^  tniaH!  j 6 i'lol.  - 

( #iii{  Wi’iiiq  ^ il  f?rl  #§ij(ill  Qiit  oi  Is^oJ 

L ^rfM/isT^noficrmoO  (mH  'io  »t«1)  arfi  ^;io'tocf 

m SI  su  V oH  bna  9i>(t(JOifDb  oi 

£ ; ".fiiiii^trVlo  ’royoF  oinj  a hsyff  bim,omod  boo'g  b 
I Sr  oil  ‘ JiBm  $’'/it/i1f50807qot  n oafc  anw  oti'iod'irBlO  ^ 
t ; W(0T1JJ?{  BSi  ,t2dl  lii  ’(tioioo  odt  oi  owfto 

fe  -oiooSi  Yiicnr  idi  tsvu  [loUioncJoO  ft  ojMOod 

I ; f»iijO(|ft?oii'^!)  odi  bonolt^l'/.o  bsi&  *lo  v**ftt 

I od)  in  ,okX  ?i'T>mift'T  jgoq  4*  bod«ird«Jafk 

f B aI>nj<T  l>dft  .^anrfftiloupau^  io  dtH<xn 

I 9idtad  aiGO’^  os»id)  laBoI  M .fxudal  iooX  ia  iu^itt 

y boiiaiv  3II  > sftvr  biiftt’riiil/^  'k>1  iftotii^i  od) 

.“01  e’QTocaiilftil  o^iooX)  vfjioils  Unftigfj'-i 

MP*  ,I8dI  .xnlC  io  dhJOoixU  oiii  no  bnn  ,mui 
I ohodi  Hi  ohnii  o)  Lo^ciojii  'aoJftbofeao  cld  d)tv/ 
f fiQ^d  7bG6*ilG  ion  had  n dyiJ// loX^atiG'f 

I b'loJ  iGdt  nv/onvl  eitr/ii  «c»o*  bk  .boltiftT^ 

j Yf)GOiiG  Jb/ifi(  vdj  I'oh»i  .^dT'Kjmoo  bftd  oioiiiid/dl 
I ,*modc4^-iXii;HlM  aid  iddibn  I^oi^iimo 

I -dpj  lo  ^toihool/-  i)i7j;({  f»nfi  /ynnd  nl  oU  diloX* 

£ Oih  (10  ^bulftiJ-inodTfn  ^o4nod  {.);|4>'io  aiOiiiiG*!  fHob 

oi«4oiU  boaiJibtJld^i  I>n^d<yi^ 

T .iaoidoitjoa  n xiiJ^^ad  b«r.  io 

■ to  L’lftod  nodv/'  / io  snoiiudi\  odT 

y>-  _ , 

hf.A  (fli  ’ 


ACTION  OF  THE  PRIVY  COUNCIL,  95 


the  grant  by  the  King  to  Baltimore,  appealed  to 
the  Privy  Connell,  and  urged  that  he  might  be 
asked  to  settle  in  some  other  place.  On  the 
twenty-eighth  of  June,  1633,  both  sides  were 
heard;  and  on  the  third  of  July,  an  order  was 
issued  from  the  Star  Chamber,  which  was  an 
evasion  rather  than  a final  decision,  as  it  “left 
Lord  Baltimore  to  his  patent,  and  the  other  par- 
ties to  the  course  of  law  according  to  their  de- 
sires.” The  announcement  of  the  action  of  the 
Privy  Council  of  England  in  Virginia,  created 
not  only  surprise,  but  a feeling  of  insecurity; 
and  before  Leonard  Calvert  and  the  ]\Iaryland 
colonists  arrived,  the  Governor  and  Council  of 
Virginia  informed  the  home  government  “that, 
in  consequence  of  a grant  to  Lord  Baltimore, 
the  inhabitants  are  importunate  for  a confirma- 
tion of  their  lands  and  privileges  by  the  King.” 

After  Leonard  Calvert  landed  at  Jamestown, 
and  before  the  town  of  Saint  ^lary  was  pur- 
chased from  the  Indians,  VJlliam  Clayborne  ap- 
peared at  a meeting  of  the  Virginia  Council,  and 
■stated  that  Governor  Calvert  had  told  him  that 
he  was  no  longer  a member  of  the  Virginia  Col- 
ony, but  belonged  to  his  plantation,  and  desired 
their  advice  as  to  the  proper  course  for  him  to 
pursue. 

“It  was  answered  by  the  Board,  that  they 
wondered  why  such  question  was  made;  that 
they  knew  no  reason  why  they  should  render  up 


0}  ^-sofl'nife®  »d»  xrf>«*nj  Bdt 

9<f  Mi  te.it  bwH  &n«  ,liwiooO.?7«'^ 

9i1<  ab  '".paflSq  aoitio  oams  ai . oltt'ts  f>t  wasu  , 
wv;  dtotf  ,f4»I  ,«<«rt  rititgJ*--ctnwl 
leftto  m ,yIfiX.  X«  =“■“'•■■''1 

mi>  dairfte  ,wia»»a'>  .teta  «1»  moiX  b»0Mt 
.ftgf  •>  J}  pi  ,«olfcii)9f>  tft«8  ‘B  «*rft  '«*■•»<«  noisavB 

..,M  Trtlt.vo.it  ot  .rwmittea  ImJ 

-oi..  -iio(tt  <-,1  ■snih^oo^.>^i■nt■■l•\<i  Mtuoo  odt  o»  aait 

odt  lo  rtoiton  Srtit  'to  tiiomooHtion.iB  odT  ''.aoim 

b^taoT>  ,niah.-.:-7  nr  Irti«fs,..ri  'to  lionnoO  yvn*! 
•v)(  !t/oo>'(n  lo  « t.rtf  ,9ahqw8  x*"*’ 

t.S«l  ru^M  odt  b«8  irrcrtooJ  orotod  b«« 

to  liotio’oD  biTB  lOawoO  o.h  ,tmm«  stetfiolM 
mJ)  •’  Jn0Kttrt07<ijs.  omod  odl  bormdttvc.  BinrgitV 

io-romitlBSl  bioJ’  bt  ir.nis.  « Xo  >o«o.;po«..o:>  m 
-BtmltrtOomoX  otenrjnoqmi  ov>  eUmiidsdat  9(lt 
••...rii>l‘  'rtit  yci  aotJoiWHq  him  nhiuil -uadi  Xo  floii 
,ir/«.t*oi(ir>X.  Jc  iiobiirtt  b-iiinooJ  i9Jt^ 

--.oq  «nn  rniK  Juifi?-  iiwot  orft  o-rotod  bno 
.,J(;  ofl-to<(Y.i!0  ifinilitV/  ^rtuilrtil  odt  moit  boafida 
hna  diorttio'-)  Binia/.iV'  "rtit  to  tattoo, i.  n Jr.  f.oteoq 
3;;.ft  (uift  blot  Lirti  liV'tB’J  ■t.rtnav.  t)  ladt  M'da 
-ioD  .iiaf^niV  sit  16  .oOrtf'W  c •ro-snol  on  aftW  9.1 
Ivjiirbvlt  l^Ui  .noitnumui  mt  ot  ho:;^aolo<umt  ,xno 
' ot  rnTd'bJI  9»’rq66  Vj'fo-tq  orft  ot  en  66tyi»c  liant 

.siiaioq 

V Ktt  jcrlt  ,t».noa  Oflt  yd  boiOTratia  sc'ff  d‘> 
iait  :ohiua  KC7r  rioiihoirp  d->nf.  vtlv'  i.orobno’" 
q»  -lobDu-i  bloods  y»tU  Tti  /f  no«poi  ofl  yortid  isrtlt 


1)6 


TEE  HA  MAH  EE. 


the  right  of  the  Isle  of  Kent,  more  than  any 
other  formerly  giv^en  to  this  colony  by  his 
^Majesty’s  patent;  and  that  the  right  of  my 
Lord’s  grant  being  yet  undetermined  in  Eng- 
land, we  are  hound  in  duty  and  by  our  oaths  to 
maintain  the  riglits  and  privileges  of  the  colony.” 

The  Privy  Council  of  Ei^land,  on  the  twenty- 
second  of  July,  1634,  also  said  that  “ it  is  not 
intended  that  interests  which  men  have  settled 
when  you  were  a corporation  should  be  im- 
peached.” 

While  the  Councillors  of  Virginia  sympa- 
thized with  Clayborne,  Sir  John  Harvey,  ap- 
pointed Governor  by  King  Charles,  was  ready 
by  every  means  in  his  power  to  sustain  Cecil 
Paltimore  and  Governor  Calvert;  Windebank, 
Secretary  of  the  Privy  Council  in  England,  was 
also  a strong  friend  to  Baltimore,  being  a Koman 
Catholic  in  his  sympathies. 

The  complete  understanding  between  these 
parties  is  proved  by  their  correspondence.  Cecil 
Baltimore,  while  at  Warder  Castle,^  on  Septem- 
ber the  tifteenth,  sent  his  brotlier-in-law,  William 
l*ea^Iey,  to  beg  Windebank  to  procure  a letter 
from  the  King  to  Sir  John  Harvey,  thanking 
liim  for  the  assistance  he  had  given  to  the  ^lary- 
land  plantation,  against  “ Clayborue’s  malicious 
behavior.”  If  such  letter  was  not  sent  by  the 


• Wanler  Castle,  tlie  scut  of  Earl  Arundel,  his  wife’s  father. 


nttiii  rrom  lo  ohX  lo  :t/bh  odi 

jirf  <>S  no7f^  vh^xrm/!  toifto 

oifj  Jjtsift  I>«B  ;lf/oiiUj|  a’7j«o{G]4' 
r:3«ri  fji  hy«Trni>jf*I>«u  g'bioJ 

sdiiio  ’WO  7«f  him  7,1ub  ui  bmfotJ  fna  »v/  ,fmnf 
,/\7/ioloo,oiO  odt  nhiUrbifn 

'-vh!D7/t  yJliTO  to  iif)fT5;oO  ^vh^l  sdT 

ioa  Ml  l)i<^  ^o  bftdooa 

07/id  fiOtiT  ti'jld’r^  fit  ^udt  bohfiofni 


-mi  inf  hhoik  ml }m0<fioi>  ii  ©lo  ^ xro'^  nodw 

*\bodmiOf[ 

-xKjm7S  x;irt%t(V  Vj  hJolibufjoO  ©dj  otidW 
-qii  .707ii^H  (tdr,-!.,  li^  ^aitirod/xjIO  tijln  b^^tdf 
■‘'vJm-n  B.0M  ^mhmiO  vd  ioixi->7o0  bofmoq 

lh)0)  nlnitpa  ot  iav/oq  ^.fii  xii  AnGoxn  7177©  '{d 

?tflrt076O  J>rifl  ©lomrihdf. 
BM/r  ,biuil^fui  nr  n©«no3  vvh^I  ad.r'to  vifi1ojoo8 
luuitoil  ii  ^HiVjd  ,o^oxahhdl  at  htx^hl  :^no*rtM  n 

.a^idt/iqmva  r»J  nr  ©Iloillx'/^ 
o«joirt  ^ ;s(iiI>ijGrft*f‘d>mf  tadlqtiio©  ©tlT 

H'joO  .©7fi‘ J)iio([i50'f*i0')  *nadt  lj77o*Xi|  bJ  nmtifuf 
>’iito)iio8'-4fo  h-  f I jifii/)  loiruiV/  1m  ©liifv/  p^roxTritlxifi 
ffjiriHiV/  /^/nbnb’iodUnd  ahl  jnOB  .tiinm/iVii  ©dMod 

yjyif  oi  ^'/ofhfr/I 

pjiUnnih  ,70'/ii:U  jfifol  *ji8  ol  ©ifj  mcnl 

»7;iii]4  iWr;^  brjb^^d  &df  •lo'f  mid 

fiiJohUum  a'^irHHiyjd'J  ikninpn  fUoitfiimdq  bm.l 
itdf  yd  JfMi  it(i;rf  lotJol  ‘ll 


fcMi  hnJi  "ivn  hym  udi  tohmd  l * 


CECIL  BALTIMORE  AND  GOV.  HARVEY.  97 


ship  now  ready  to  sail,  lie  feared  liis  plantation 
might  be  overthrown. 

"Windebank,  not  waiting  for  the  King’s  letter, 
three  days  after  this  request,  wrote  a flattering 
letter  to  Harvey  ; and  on  the  twenty-ninth  it  was 
followed  by  a note  from  the  King.  He  stated 
that  he  had  given  the  grant  to  Lord  Baltimore, 
“ there  being  land  enough  for  the  entertainment 
of  many  thousands,  and  the  work  more  easily 
overcome  by  multitudes  of  hands  and  assist- 
ance,” and  he  thanks  Governor  IIarve3vfor  his 
read}"  assistance  to  the  plantation  begun  in 
Maryland,  and  requires  him  to  continue  the 
same. 

But  the  sturdy  freemen  of  Virginia  could  not 
l>e  made  to  believe  that  the  usurpation  was  law- 
ful, altliough  sanctioned  by  an  arbitrary  King. 
The  people  of  Kent  Isle  had  been  represented  by 
delegates  in  their  xVsseinbly,’  and  they  did  not 
wish  these  relations  sundered.  AVhile  Governor 
Harvey  was  elated  by  ,the  notice  of  the  King, 
through  Baltimore’s  instigation,  he  was  also  hu- 
miliated by  the  little  influence  he  had  with  the 
people  of  Virginia.  The  pliant  and  despotic 
tool  of  the  Court,  on  December  the  sixteenth, 
despondingly  wrote  to  "Windebaiik : 

‘‘Is  desirous  to  do  Lord  Baltimore  all  the  ser- 
vice he  is  able,  but  his  power  is  not  great,  being 


* Ilouing'^.  Slafuio;!, 


vul.  i. 


■MV 


noil^j.;. rviil  Iv.no . ail  Jh/-  oi  Am^'n  irjti  qirfa 

J . ,jj7/0i:rlt'iii'/o  od 

->11  *io't  B.wiMii //  iOi. 

u atO'V'^  ddt  ooiifr 

fij:v/  n <>d)  no  hon  oJioiHf 

L'ajj,iV-.  all  ’';^rfj'>(  f>di  h\CiA  'a 

',frx?>j  ot  jifiny.  a;L'  ‘ul  iiid.i 

atfj  lo'  ■^■lOhniO  1 suij  O'lOilj 

V‘:>>:a  '.vtoai  il'o  >’fi  oy\;  1-a  . ,-;hfn..awdt  vufita  lo 

iUH;  ']■}  ;■.  .ini.'irfiJii-  O/ilOm^TO 

?fi>  T.:  7 r/'M.If  'a'js'.  ov>  .-'iifjrh  :)d  l)iii5  **,OOfTft 
,ai  nij)j^d  /k>;' a,-..  , a.ti  ^v' 

:».i|)  “JiwluiOJ  < ■•*'  U'a'U  ■ i '. ; j »'./ k 

..  ■ i-;  ,,  .;'  ''■’*  / ■.'  •'  , :,u(UnH 

joit  r>(iH>a  ionrj’iff  lo  frarn  Vi-fl.  viniHa  ‘>i/t  hrll 
-W‘rl  •*{//?  i T o i'-'l i a p •■!.'•(»  v»iVi  tvili  t./7 ■>}';.  a f oi  *j4i 

.■^vi/!  ''!^.  L'lj’ii.  i»/S  V'l  f>-»lf(>fi‘.)U/i'-'  ^fut 

v;(  '1  r ) -'f  !»;nl  oUl  iij  *jl<joaq  o/i  .f 

*;‘iJ  ImI*  VOll'/  h'.li  ' \<l  iO' }r.r ''I'Jifl  ffi 
Mon'i  '>.••  ) f}!rfr7  ktfoijnl-yt  J^.ivr 

t^di'io  oJoiU  n adt  -/vi  f-Mv/  yy/vdl 

~(Sil  ' 'hi  “ K '•'  od  jiartir'ji : -.itf  ■■  'ncyjii; iLiH  d'^iJO'idt 
add  iiili/  i){id  ar'  .•I'iliir  ‘>dnl  a]li  vd  bat/dlirrt 
ui^•<p^d)  [uJr;  '.dT  loSt1/|O0(p. 

.Vlcaalzi^  'i  mI uiaa'/tT  .-lu  Oil)  Id  fooJr_  _ 

.:,,;iivjud^.^iv4i7/' ot  itJor-a 
*Ta  ; oilj  Hi  'j'fMtuidi.n  fmivl  ol>  of  i-.l 

'fillin'  a;l  h '(a7/C;|j  Hid  J/»d  HI  0^  oA 7 


itrjl) 


. ,. ..  /, 


V 


98 


TERBA  MARLE. 


limited  by  liis  commission  to  tlie  greater  number 
of  voices  at  the  Council  table,  where  almost  all 
are  against  him,  especially  when  it  concerns 
Maryland.  Many  are  so  averse  to  that  planta- 
tion, that  they  proclaim  and  make  it  their  famil- 
iar talk,  that  they  would  rather  knock  their  cat- 
tle on  the  heads,  than  sell  them  to  Maryland, 
lie  suspects  the  faction  is  nourished  in  England, 
and  also  by  Capt.  Sam.  ^latthews,  wbo,  scratch- 
ing his  head  and  in  a fury  stamping,  cried  out: 
‘a  pox  upon  Miiryland.’  ” 

It  was  unfortunate  for  Leonard  Calvert,  upon 
his  arrival  at  Saint  Mary,  to  be  associated  with 
one  so  indiscreet  as  lTarve\\  If  prudent  meas- 
ures had  been  at  lirst  taken,  Clayborne  might 
have  become  a valuable  assistant ; but  harsh 
measures  were  at  an  early  period  initiated. 

In  the  face  of  the  order  of  the  Ki ng,^  dated 
October  tlie  eighth,  IGoI,  requiring  the  planters 
of  Kentish  Island  to  be  assisted,  tliat  they  may 
enjoy  the  fruit  of  their  labors,  and  forbidding 
BaUiinore  or  his  agents  to  do  them  violence, 
Gov'ernor  Calvert  acted  as  if  the  question  as  to 


^ The  King  wrote  from  Hampton  Court.  Oct.  8,  1G34,  to  the 
Governor  and  Council  of  Virginia,  and  to  all  Lieutenants  of 
Provinces  in  An)erica : 

*•  Kequirea  them  to  be  assisting  the  planters  in  Kentish  Island, 
that  they  may  peaceably  enjoy  the  fruits  of  their  labors,  and 
foibia<  Lord  Ibiltiinore  or  his  agetiis  to  do  them  any  viulonce.” 
■—Siuit'  ]*,iptr  ('ll/.,  (7ol.  Serif'S,  1->71— ItiOO, 


" lit 


4mpi^ 

4"‘ ;ft)S>ii&.i^'i^ 


..  iwmisaB^i  *• ’.biifti'nni^ jt^ff^ 

iioqa\ii?>yl’)tO  iyiJttfiodwl  TCii^ojftmiiiotao 
^ tUr/f  ]^f£i:>ftm£i  ifd  »^l  tV^U 

-huem  tad^Ltruf  il  .totiisH  hr  o^no 

rf^rjiifi  #Wnwtn7 


km  ^iM!^\fyjiuiStni  hoh^q  yfind  nn  in  dtw  feoiiiftnStt 

, , , a;,  ..  '•'■n...  _f^  Y.  ;^: 


^ ii^J/jb  iHir  ©di  Yo^oi^ii  &di.  ffl 

ftioinniq  ©di  ^nhjiipoi  ,^*df  ytlf  i5hIoJ»0 

5wf  oi^ bwniHl  d*jh 

Inia  ,«n odn| j if'Jilt  W iiii^  ditl- ’ 
’ f?  e^‘5»»Ioiv  i^mit  oh  oj  Rtd  W ^ 

t»r  ah  (loil^ap  ddl  ‘ti  ftft  l>ytj>«  mVIftO^ioirK^vdl^ 


tl3  ^1 


•d4  i>l 


MV  lo  tia»mH»9iJk" 


.,*1  .itoO  ,v»uoD  «i<it<((Witn  oipi>^f4««w  tilT^p 

lidt-Hi’osf  tfin  .i»i4ii;ij^7  >o  />iiir 


,ti>fliif«T^  i|»ila9H  ffi.>«tt»jiul4|  »il>  ^a>i^i*$S^p4  c^j'iojwljhijifii^ 
a li^ilJ  \o  tthn)  9di;  coi.tti^  x^^*^****!  4*“>i 


>li»W  x«*'  'ttr«44»!|«,tl4  V'  ft^mi^^lf.  4r»Mt, 


FIGHT  AT  WIGGOMOCO. 


99 


tlie  riglit  of  tlie  Kent  Islanders  had  been  fully 
determined.  As  had  been  their  custom,  some 
of  these  Islanders  went,  in  the  spring  of  1635,  to 
trade  witli  the  Indians  on  the  Pocomoke  Kiver, 
in  a pinnace  called  the  Longtail,  and  on  the 
twenty-tin rd  of  April  the  boat  and  goods  were 
seized  by  the  Marylanders. 

Clayborne,  indignant  at  the  hostile  act,  sent  a 
boat  from  Virginia,  in  command  of  Ratdiife 
Warren,  to  recover  the  goods  and  ca])tured  ves- 
sel. In  the  harbor  of  great  Wiggomoco,  War- 
ren met  Captain  Cornwallis  of  St.  Mary,  in  the 
pinnace  St  2\Iargaret,  and  on  the  tenth  of  }k[ay  a 
tight  occurred  between  the  rival  parties.  War- 
ren, with  John  Lellson  and  William  Dawson,  of 
the  Virginia  party,  were  killed,  and  Thomas 
Smith,  Gent.,  taken  prisoner,  Avhile  the  Mary- 
landers lost  but  one  man,  William  Ashmore.^ 
The  collision  caused  great  excitement  in  both 
colonies.  About  the  time  of  this  occurrence,  the 
arbitrary  conduct  of  Ilarvmy  led  to  a revolution  ' 
in  Virginia.  Capt.  Sam.  ^[atthews,  on  the 
twenty-eighth  of  April,  witli  forty  musketeers, 
surrounded  his  house,  and  John  Utie,  placing  his 


1 At  a meeting  of  the  Privy  Council  of  England,  it  was  .slated 
that  “Lord  L.altimore’.s  servants  li.ad  slain  three  men  at  the  en- 
trance of  Hudson’s  Uiver,  which  goes  to  M.aryland,” — Sia(e  Pa- 
p»r  Cal  , Cvl.  Perirs.  , 

Hudson  River  is  a broad  arm  of  the  bay  between  the  Chop- 
tank  and  Taylor’-t  Island. 


l;i.  « ' ''>■».  r - ■ ■ ' ■’  ■ 

t(fl^/I  ;»£fj  *10  -if>^n  -^ift 
ii fa opy0o^^  ri^ih'I  hr, d b:A  .Ij^*ixf(ji'!£>t^>h 

oi7o?i‘0r  ffr  ^ino'ff  €‘i'>hruiUl  ^hm\i  lo  ,r 

,'i97i/l  i*:^onfo*>o4  ao  fidnifufl  odi  ffjiv/ 

Ko  ivfiiv  orft.  ^ 90iUKifq  /?  ni 

oifl  fhqA ')o 

I '^‘y.  ^ fjth  h^xha  »?, 

9liH5tifs51  lo  IWu#i4jnK>o  at  \Ai(d^‘fr/  taoit  imd , 
^07  Imukfi.j  hm  ^boo^  Offi  fOYtxom  ot  ^nonjiV/ 
■i'lnW  ,o*H\avyj^>r/T  jJiSl^  lo  wd-tsid  9ifl  nl  Jofi 
ni  'to  fiiubfn")  tom  hot 

a yjil^  dnni  i^di  p<y  hmi  ^Icrip^^iiaK  :JH  9'jsnmq 
•fiiV/  Iryh  odi  n^syrjod  bo-rwooo<ld)^fi 

■h>  0i/jf|(t  V/'  hm  uQ^liofE  ndo'b  liiivr^rist 

h)5fimilT  bfjii  '!riw  o/ft 

-viiiM  Diit  of  ill'//  .fOMOHhq  tififniB 

*.»>ioxin]siA  ivrdUr/f  ^anm  ^>^u  ihd  kol  a-jobad 
dtod  ni  ^r{fjf]?<o)io/o  )ro'1^  h^^jjrr.)  noiaiHoy  odT 
odt  ^ootFnino'jo  ?*ifft  omh  oifl  *ii/wI.A  .«<>rrt6fof> 
/r!^>it/iiovfn  ij  or  b vf  io 

Oiir  ijo  nrui^  Jiiiti^dY  ni 

ypdi  dih/  tihq A io  dfd^i^-^trw^^l 
aid  ^Mhtdq,/jf$TJ  infob  bim  kid  I>obimoiirj« 

ham  >0  v.vin-I  4/i  * 

-0’>  «il)  Ja  noiii  /.fU;J’»  IkuI  in'^j'topthiAll  bto*.l**  MrfI 

^ .%M>bZ  ,\^'i  , \tl'^ 

-fl<ulQ  '/d I iimvfi'n*  f^r.^  »iXi  1<>  mtju  t «sht4  A »ri  itosi/till 

. ,.. , . 


100 


TERRA  MARINE. 


hand  upon  liis  shoulder,  said,  “I  arrest  3^011  for 
treason.”  He  was  then  told  to  prepare  for  Eng- 
land, whore  he  must  go  and  answer  tlieir  com- 
plaints. Perfectl3"  powerless  in  the  face  of  a 
strong  public  sentiment,  he  submitted,  and  the 
colonists,  with  their  strong  republican  tenden- 
cies, chose  in  his  stead  John  West,  brother  of 
Lord  Delawarr. 

On  the  twent3^-third  of  ^la}",  Cla}^borne  was 
at  Elizabeth  Cit}^,  and  wrote  to  England  that  all 
his  rights  had  been  trampled  upon,  and  the 
King’s  express  commands,  under  the  protection 
of  which  he  deemed  liimself  so  safe,  had  been 
contemned,  and  he  had  perished  b}^  securitjx 

Matthews,  writing  to  Sir  John  AVostenholme, 
said  that  Claybornc  had  applied  two  da^’s  since 
for  redress  against  the  oj>pression  of  the  ^taiw- 
landers,  who  had  slain  three  and  hurt  other  in- 
habitants of  the  Isle  of  Kent,  and  he  did  not  be- 
lieve they  would  have  committed  such  outrages 
without  IIarve\’’s  instigation.  He  concludes 
“with  an  assured  hope  that  Sir  John  Harvey’s 
return  [to  England]  will  be  acceptable  to  God, 
not  displeasing  to  his  Majesty,  and  an  assured 
happiness  unto  this  Colony.”  At  White  Hall, 
on  December  the  eleventh,  the  Priv}-  Council 
met  to  inquire  into  the  causes  of  Harve3^’s  being 
in  England,  and  the  King  said  that  it  was  an 
assuin[»tion  of  the  rtgal  power  upon  the  part  of 
the  coluulrits,  and  that  llarvc}'  Giould  go  back  m 


'i- 


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‘i  •»«« 

i(^  ffO’{  imtii  rnKjii  bfifixt 

v,w9  *rm[t  ^)it  otoffw  J)m^l ' 

n ^o  mdi  Oih  ni  ^oiwmiq  T^[tai?h9*I  .binifilq  -,. 

9/h  hna  M^ihixdm  oti  .iminhum  i^Hdo'q  ' 

-ii-'ilnii^t  ;jr>ond0qyt  ^dnouift  WiH  dir//  ^^a^iUfoioo  -^Sl 
lo  wjIlo7d  ,toV/  luioi  arid  «l  • v.j;  J 

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fejfW  9triod7u10  io  ^ - "'39'^^ 

i{«  bjiijlsriH  ol  hsHi  t’/liO  iftiKfisiciirii  * 

f-'dt  bm  fi9kjfn«il  med  hmf  aid  y^  -.  .1 

ffOf.7:)t>><v7q  Jilt  jofnitf  /^htiammoo  i^^oiqxo  s’jsmji  .i 

ij^od  bicd  /itfiH  o«  ‘i{9^i«iii  fmn^>7h  od  dt>fdw  1o  , j ] 
' ,*^lriw904  y^f  f'Oilai'ioq  bad  ^d  b'{iii  ,h9iTirfOia09'^  - 
.ombdflotaoVy:  ml<>b  f ^ ^ 

9 ftvjib  wl  bmb“|qn  bifMi  wrt  bi«a  ^ ■ 

odt  1o  aomo^qqo  ad f Uaiu^^n  mfrj I m •to'i  j 

-ui  lothornui  bnn  ootdt  nr  Mb  bud  oxh/ 

-i»d  ion  bif>  oji  iuiji  ,iu9ii  to  y(^I  odl  io  atn/5iiJ^d  ^ 

uy'^jrUiro  dooa  byjirmrnoo  9v«ii  blnov/ ovoit  ^ 

j;  >bnbiioy  jH  .a’v»v7xtll  inoilir//-  ■ .;■ 

8'yo7'iiilJi  tidol*  liB  iijHl  oxjoif  ba'nn&^M  ixs*  ^ 

d>oO  oi  9ldn)«p*>ya  od  Hi  Vl]  inuiyt  j ^ 

bwxBHx  an  K>«  j 

dUil  diuiV/  i A <d(ni  ^eayarqqftd  . j ^ 

ikxrtnoO  ytii  V^iiiy  ~^di  yodiH-yyy^i^  ao  "■'  ''d 

'v^Hkid  8**p7‘ruH  1<>  hmnn’}  ‘irt)  ottii  ynirrpfii  dJ  iom  ^ 
ui\  uw  }(  IftdT  him  ^ui/l  Oiti  bmi  ni  \ 

o)  d j.i»d  o^  Llcioib  yw  iXiil  ixidi  loiJ7-(t*si‘diiu»uy  yxii  A ^ 

■‘'.V,,'„,.  '.:’■  ■'■'  ,,  ' :-;  y. ■ ■ ■ • . i ..-t'3 


BALTIMORE  SEEKS  OFFICE. 


101 


Virginia,  ''“^tliougli  to  stay  but  a day.”  Cecil 
Baltimore,  finding  the  King  in  this  temper,  re- 
quested the  arrest  of  John  AVest,  Samuel  Mat- 
ttje^rs,  and  others,  and  that  they  might  be  brought 
to  England  to  answer  for  their  misdemeanors; 
also  that  the  Attorney-General  might  draw  out 
a new  commission  for  Harvey,  with  enlarged 
powers,  and  that  Secretary  Windebank  prepare 
his  instruedons. 

Jerome  Hawley,  the  associate  councillor  of 
Cornwallis,  in  Maryland,  was  now  in  England 
and  preparing  to  go  back  with  Harvey,  having 
obtained,  through  Cecil  Baltimore’s  court  infiu- 
ence,  the  position  of  Treasurer  as  well  as  Coun- 
cillor of  the  Colony  of  Virginia.  The  persistent 
Baltimore,  on  February  the  twenty-fifth,  16-37, 
through  his  brother-in-law,  Peasley,  tells  Winde- 
bank  that  he  considered  the  proposition  concern- 
ing the  advancement  of  the  King’s  service  in 
Virginia,  and  is  well  assured  of  his  own  ability  to 
perform  with  ample  satisfaction  what  he  under- 
takes, and  proposes  a Avay  of  moving  the  King  in 
this  business,  which  is  most  likely  to  take  effect. 

If  the  memorial  was  not  on  file,  it  would  be 
difficult  to  believe  that  Baltimore  proposed  to 
increase  the  annual  revenue  from  Virginia  i;8000, 
on  condition  that  he  tvas  made  Governor  of  that 
colony  with  a salary  of  £2000  per  annum. ^ 


^ State  I’aper  Cal.,  Cul.  Series,  107  i-lGuO,  p.  200. 
9* 


flb:>3  u-  tim  y/;^a  ol  ^£ai\h^r/ 

iir  :^M**^  ^nil>nft  ^d'lOfnfJUri 
4aU  bwmr.?/,i?-/)7/  lo7«0'nA  o;(t 

tti‘'?fKn<f  *'hI  Jnebixm  /,mIlo 

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4i/o  v/:nf>  b^r/tjyU-Y^»i’foltA  edi  ^iidt  o^a 

ixi^TiJita  ifit/v/  /W'viUI  -lot  iKifHisiniinoo  vroir  a 
>buid*  i>|ir  v^7ntO'i^'.>’"i  J/ifU  feiiii  ,t<ic»wof{ 
-'i  ; . ,«iiobt>inj«ni  aid 

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bitfil^atiji.  ci  wu  f -.«v/  iri  ^eilmv/irioO 

^|/iivju[  jVftvTJuil  ffjJ'/f  jh/isd  03^  oJ:  f)«« 

-Jiflnr  #'*'^io/ai3fM£  ib‘3*>  ffeoo'^dt  ,J>9iiiAiitio 

-nua^^sn  Hov/  *io  uoiibo^l 

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,7<<d[  x^&nvf*/^J  no  jo*(Ofm1lc£I 

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-m09tt0‘j  o*'f  9(l1  by'iuliirtUoo  Of[  judl  :dwftd 

til  9'ji/iye  fe'viji/I  6)ib  'lo  ^dj 

o;  v.Jrlidft  nv/o  aid  lo  [rrffJa^n  Ihr/r  aJ  imn 
-io!)iJij  ifil  Snd-n  noihniuiUia  9I401W  dtrn  (mcxho<( 
ni  jHiiyi  ‘>4.^  W vjr//  li  S9kcw]o*i<|  £)«ii 

J9  IH9  9>I«t  01  yjydil  «!t  d'jiiVu  ,«aouiteuJ  aid^ 
od  I){i/07/ ji  tolii  I’fo  ^tui  ai'Y/  Ir.iioatam  adl  YI 
ot  bo^'j'|OYq  ‘j'lOniiilrAl  ov^ilod  Jliioifiih 
,i>yjd8i,  m<5Y£d-iiii‘/v  {KuiniH  mU  9'r.imoax 

io  ‘K*u  xYVOrJ  of'iiiu  3iiv/  *jd  bid/  iU'dlilittOO  no 
'rxf  00.05:1 'lo  'l^nim  n Hitvr^xmdoii 


102 


TERRA  MARINE. 


Although  Jerome  Hawley  had  been  appointed 
Treasurer  and  Councillor  of  Virginia  before  he 
left  England/  he  a})peared  at  Saint  Mary  and 
sat  as  a member  of  the  second  assembly  in  that 
province,  which  commenced  its  sessions  on  the 
twenty-tirst  day  of  January,  1637-8,  and  at  the 
close  of  which  Thomas  Smith,  Gent.,  of  the  Isle 
of  Kent,  an  associate  of  AVarren  in  the  Poco- 
moke  aflair,  was  tried  for  piracy  and  felony,  and 
condemned  to  be  hung,  and  a bill  of  attainder 
passed  against  Milliam  Clayborne,  by  which  his 
property  was  forfeited  to  the  Lord  Proprietor. 

Before  the  Act  was  passed  by  the  Maryland 
Assembly,  Clayborne  was  in  England  refuting 
the  charges  against  liim,  and  complaining  that 
Baltimore’s  agents,  with  forty  men,  had  gone  to 
take  possession  of  his  trading  post  on  Palmer’s 
Isle,  at  the  mouth  of  the  ^Susquehanna.  He,  at 
the  same  time,  otfered  to  pay  yearly  one  hundred 


* Jerome  Hawley  was  in  Lon  Ion  on  June  27,  1G36,  and  wrote 
to  Windebank  that  he  would  visit  him  on  the  next  Sunday.  In 
August,  he  sailed  in  the  “ Black  George”  with  Sir  John  Harvey 
for  Virginia,  but  owing  to  leakage  the  ship  returned.  In  April, 
1637,  he  sailed  in  the  Friendship.  Geo.  Reade,  of  Jamestown, 
writing  to  his  brother,  a secretary  of  Windebank’s,  says:  “ Mr. 
Hawley  has  not  proved  the  man  he  took  him  for,  having  neither 
given  any  satisfaction  for  money  received  of  him  nor  brought 
him  any  servants.” 

He  died  in  the  summer  of  1038,  leaving  a childless  widow, 
and  his  a.'^sociatc  couuei!lor  of  tiie  Maryland  Colony,  Tliomas 
Cornwallis,  was  hi.s  administrator. 


V. 


soi 


iwoJ  {.«.{  -!l  - 

Uiu-  TmU  Jf«l.;a  ift  ->'?  «4. 

:,i  wl.i.,!0‘  '-f:  t.ucry.  .>,lr'!oisifm3taBS«J«s 
9d;  (io  .ti  Lo-..vanno->  ti.hlv. 

;-i!.i  JB  L.x-  A ^v-j.-riufT,  lo  wl) 

.,M  odi  ’»o  ,,:,.:x;>  Hoiilv/ lo  fiaola 

.,v.o^  adl  of  n.rrii-://  -tf'  ri«  ,JnoJl  x«>  h 

j biift  vxni.r>''» 

,‘i'.f,iBV,.  Vi  iUrf  B O.J  «t  birraobnoa 

,li  Yd  ,o.M-,dYiir>  nudWnf  VaiBSr.  fme^q 

■ ....ianqoVi  L-ix.t  ’'■’f 

|>  ‘)i{)  id  w--'  y'i-  MObiU 


W o.ioj^Vnd  -itidt  d:r«  vr.ormtlKa 

;-V.<.f!n‘l  no  -»o<|  ’-•odurn  .J,'  to  aom-^^oq 
,.ir  f,a'.r.do/M-M.t  -idt  -io  (itiiom  £>i{)  J«  ,?lal 
<.;,!>,„,ri  900  vl  ,...v  ,..i bYriilo  ,'uuit  o«fi 


!.  ,<■  'tat  X’-  •M-ot  m C.  '.  f"I  •'*  v»lw*l'  arao^’t- ' 

.,mv.'n  .wi  ..  ill  -'Oiil  .it  «■  ■••  »<«'  *>■'•‘”'1  **■•  '‘"’"“f; 

,.t, ...u  ■-.  I—’  ^::;::x::ntd 

oJi-j  «’ti  i'jU 

i^U  '>»’5  ''•''  '^t U ';> 

t.,  w:  d imusl'ii  i^dvf  Kj^Jr  ,8JlJaWinov> 


LETTER  FROM  KING  CHARLES.  103 


pounds  sterling  to  the  Crown  for  possession  of 
the  Isle  of  Kent  and  the  Susquehanna  plantation, 
with  hv^'clve  leagues  of  land  in  that  country. 

The  King  approved  the  proposals,  and  ordered 
a day  for  a full  hearing  of  the  complaint.  Cecil 
Baltimore  was  now  alarmed,  and  writes  to  the 
King  ‘‘that  he  is  informed  that  upon  a repre- 
sentation lately  exhibited  for  renewing  a Vir- 
ginia Company  their  request  was  granted,  al- 
though his  ^lejesty  said  he  would  not  have  the 
petitioner’s  interest  in  Maryland  anyways  im- 
peached, yet  it  is  intended  to  infringe  upon  his 
government.” 

The  uiistable  Charles,  in  every  matter  of  im- 
portance, always  oscillating  when  men  wished 
him  to  stand  lirm,  now  writes  to  tlio  Commis- 
sioners for  foreign  Plantations  not  to  allow  any 
patent  or  warrant  for  plantation  or  discovery 
near  Avalon^  and  ^Faryland  to  pass  the  seals, 
which  in  any  way  may  infringe  upon  the  riglits 
of  Lord  Baltimore,  and  engages  his  royal  word 
never  to  permit  any  quo  warranto  or  other  pro- 


* About  the  time  of  these  promises  Avalon  was  granted  to 
other  parties.  Sir  David  Kirk  writes  from  Ferryland,  Get.  '1, 
1G30,  to  Archbishop  Laud:  “Out  of  one  hundred  persons  they 
took  over,  only  one  died  of  sickness.  The  air  of  Ne^vfouud-- 
land  agrees  perfectly  well  wdth  all  God’s  creatur(>s,  except  Jes- 
uits and  schismatics.  A great  mortality  amongst  the  former  tribe 
so  fiffrightevl  uiy  Lord  of  Daltimore,  that  he  utterly  deserted  the 
country.” 


f:(Tt  W/XA:  mXA 


'"Aa 


Yfr'f^yi- 


i:r-- j’'fCK'--^'9s@0-<T‘, oir 

i>ili  i>n^;  ^i\>l  liiit 

.7j.j£zaej  fff  iutiu  %i‘  Hiivsr 

in>'57b‘10  i'HHi  h>'/G"h7<pi  'Z2G‘;/v  ‘.*>;1  r 

H‘v,j  .iniiil<Tfr;G‘v».  yii  >>  ihA  _v*':  I'A  \ah  a 

'}.l:  .-.t  fe^>th7/  VA»f!  8ISV/  ./lOiTtG*  ff 

i;,  a#«j.ij'  -injfJ  i*'onriGhfi  -4  -'iH  isur-  'gn?/ 

’ 7<>i: . • W • vj ‘>.t 

..^u'''' Jiiiug 
^.ilJ  7VJZU  iOfi  "iif  vjao^i/.  «siii  ilgnoii#' 

-irn  ^vjtiv/'/ i» »z  i »i: ;;i 7' ni  ite';HOJfif  ’i-‘t50f1ito<^. 
Kftl  07  'o.v{;>jj!>jisr  fi  vI&y  .horfo^oq 

. •■  „ : *' Ja^ixirntr/og 

Hif  1 rzitetfi-. • i . ■'^' , h r. -’10 .-.^ikld £t >: i t //■  ■•fjliT 

Imklrr  ,mtu  mJ/n  g.iftnUrto  ^>y^m^soq 

,/jj'iit  I.'!,Gitr^ 'M  mid 

vnc  7/«>IIr;  oJ  ioft  ^noiJ/;i.M,f;i\i  ' ?{ 

7‘^>777'ib  *1.0  if>i  ior.*n*iv/  io  )rt'>i/iq 

oil)  fr>i;q-  o)  inmlv/HiU.  *u7.iir/./v 
^iihjn  f>tlt  ffoqo  ov.fH'ioii  /jzza  yj:  ,7  vna  m ilobi'v 
I'  io*//  Inv</i  'oyj  gir)  loo; />'JOmilinU^^  io 

-OK]  ‘loiito  10  i^Uuirii,  ff  oi  j.  QJri  Ji(oi7(}  <.•) 


01  lyU'  ^yxu  ki-'H  aofurA  f^^bhuQt’i  9r9di  lo  9m.;-:  »<{?  .)iio()it  ^ . 
•:  ;,.<*''  *jifi  v&dto 

.^J^o  t?  ttt<.  ■ ; .f)^rn'<mfi:  9m  ‘iu  OJ 

.<  .,,uA ;.  -X-  la  l*9i^  .‘»«o  .>?«>»* 

...  .{  wp3xVV-"''OiOA<^‘W  /p-o  M.«  lir  -.-:  bn*;! 

' ')f  no1  4,^ 5, rt '■'.:■!*■  -(rOUmiil  ..'f. 

■‘jii;  I'^r.oh'jb  Vfi  '•  7.1  .'OWHOto  U “M»  »'■•»•»•* ' iw 


104 


TERRA  MARLE. 


ceeclings  for  infringing  or  overthrowing  either 
of  his  patents. 

At  length,  on  the  fourth  of  April,  1638,  the 
Commissioners  of  Plantations  reported  the  right 
and  title  to  the  Isle  of  Kent  to  he  ahsolutely  with 
him,  and  that  the  violences  complained  of  by 
Clayborne  to  he  left  to  the  ordinary  course  of 
justice.' 

But,  on 'July  the  fourteenth,  1638,  the  King 
from  Greenwich  writes  to  Cecil  Baltimore : 

“ The  King  understands  that  contrary  to  his 
pleasure,  Lord  Baltimore’s  agents  have  slain 
three  persons,  possessed  themselves  of  the  island 
by  force,  and  seized  the  persons  and  estates  of 
the  planters.  These  disorders  have  been  referred 
to  the  Commissioners  for  Plantations.  lie  is 
therefore  commanded  to  allow  the  planters  and 
their  agents  to  have  free  enjoyment  of  their  pos- 
sessions without  further  trouble,  until  the  cause 
is  decided.”  - 

Clayborne,  on  the  eighth  of  August,  1640,  ap- 
pointed George  Sorrell,  of  Kansernond,  Virginia, 
to  collect  any  debts  due  him  in  Maryland,  but 
the  Governor  and  Council,  to  the  petition  of  Ser- 


^ Wm.  Penu  searched  the  records  for  an  authenticated  copy  of 
this  report,  but  it  could  never  be  found.  Lord  Charles  Balti- 
more also  failed  in  his  search. 

Slate  Paper  Cal.,  Col.  Series,  p.  280, 


BEV,  AXTHOXY  PAXTON, 


105 


rell,  presented  a tart  and  laconic  reply,  stating 
that  all  the  property  of  Clayhorne  had  been  for- 
feited for  pirac}"  and  murder. 

Sir  John  Ilaryey  on  his  return  to  Virginia, 
with  his  secretary,  Richard  Kemp,  who,  in  1638, 
built  the  first  brick  mansion,  “ the  fairest  eyer 
known  in  this  country  for  substance  and  uni- 
formity,” were  more  despotic  than  before  in 
their  sway.  He  who  dared  differ  from  them  in 
opinion  cpiickly  felt  the  weight  of  their  dis- 
pleasure. Kemp  haying  some  difiiculty  witli  the 
Rey.  Anthony  Ranton,  rector  of  York  and  Clies- 
kiack,  banished  him  from  the  colony  in  1639, 
for  alleged  ‘‘mutinous,  rebellious,  and  riotous 
acts.”  The  minister  was  not  a man  tamely  to 
submit  to  injustice,  and  his  report  of  Kemp's 
conduct  excited  high  displeasure  iii  England. 
As  Kemp  had  always  befriended  CeciL  Balti- 
more, he  writes  to  him  on  August  the  twentieth, 
1640,  and  begs  his  interest  with  the  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury  that  he  may  be  satisfied  with  his 
conduct,  and  presoryed  against  injury  and  malice ; 
but  the  infiueiice  asked  seems  to  haye  ayailed 
nothing,  for  on  October  the  thirtieth,  1641,  upon 
petition  of  Anthony  Ranton,  Clerk  and  Minis- 
ter in  Virginia,  and  Agent  for  the  Church  and 
Clergy  there,  it  was  ordered  by  the  House  of 
Lords,  “that  Sir  AY  Berkeley,  Kt.,  Richard 
Kemp,  and  Christopher  AVormsley,  sl.iall  be 


lit /life  ,^y<|Ot  ?>htoo;j|  Biiii  t'uJt  li  b^jstrrfWsO't^l  ^llo't 
»'iot  bjiti  i&mcHi’^^O  io  ‘/;t'i‘jqw]  «)i(t  11*5  tiuii 


4mn  lai  b^iioi 


’a,nO.£  fir.orfw  /pu^  imnhlil  ^v^iit&iooa  mi  divff  ^ , 

ie)vt»  tefnini  ,iio{.^jiijoi  yi'>hJ  tairt  Oi(t  J 

4itn  l>ar,  aqiuibistJjif^  lot  f'ltmioii  feliiJ  ni  -M 

nl  ' Wbcf.  iiiiift  M Kvq^tyf) . 9’iom  . 910V/ 

Ml  luyilt  fiirrit  1>91  r.I>  otl  ^/  t>If  .vi*W3  'jisift 

/fibiiip  noiiirqo'^'.Ji^  ■■ 
•jih  tfthr'()lmMtib  oniioa  ’^furnif  .mmmlq 

.H-jxlO  >011  iioY  lo  losom  ,notmH  rtmlhi  A .vM  ? 

ai  '^Hobv;)  utid  UodMiUid  ! ■ 

* l.mf;  7 - 

01  Ybmnt  « ioa  i;;itnhtan  ailT 

^/(;jiit'>}l'/lo,..  fciii  brm  oi.tiiorfoi.:.  ’?v  ’• 

J>jui^^fivC  iti  cb.jif  boJioxc*  t^ubiiOGi  I 

-ilbifL  Jioi>0  l)yi)a^>nto*i  b/JiC  qmi^ucl  ftA  . 

^jfioinrov/t  9<ft  Sen^tiA  no  tiiid  ot  ^uthYf  u4  ^oiom  ^ | 
qoiUidiI‘j‘j/v  wit  cUil  agod  b/ui  ,OKtI  | , 

feiif  tiir/A  b^ib.itJia  od  iant  ^d  lurft  X‘i(Hh<f}ffnO  ^0  _ 

; 'r/iifUa  Imfi  y;iIj i u i Jaff i f bm;  ^lon bno>  ^ :. 

iiulijiV'u  ot  aai'>*w  i^ii'Jijhni  odt  tod.  . ' .,.’3S  il 

uoijH  ,n  ai  ,i!toi)'iii!i  ajis  ladoiaO  «o  lol  - 

--iiiiU  ijiin  >f-ialD  ,(io;iif!*l  viiodJiiA  Ho  j!oiJit'>q  |j  . ^ 

1.1/1^  ila^iHW  arfi  -inj  mp^A  hurt  ,J3M(';^-ir/' j«.  laf 

'll)  jriijoil  :Jil)  rd  fioT)(>io  ^ly/f  Ji  ,9io4)  . 

,Vla>[iafl  .7^  -li?.  l.iliJ**  .ifiTOvl  ’ 

yd  ikiia  ,vyl6«riuVr  rjUqoldid'J  Imi«'  /jiuoX  .. 


106 


TERRA  MARIjE. 


stayed  their  voyage,  and  forthwith  answer  the 
complaint  in  tlie  said  petition/'’^ 

In  the  year  1G42  hostilities  commenced  be- 
tween tlie  Itoyalist  and  Parliament  forces  in 
England,  and  at  first  both  Lo^’d  Baltimore  and 
Clayborne  were  on  the  side  of  the  King.  In 
March  Baltimoi-e’s  wife’s  brother,  William  Arun- 
del, preferred  charges  against  him,  partly  of  a 
civil  and  partly  of  a criminal  nature,  and  the 
House  of  Lords  ordered  him  to  give  bonds  not 
to  leave  the  kingdom  without  permission,  and 
the  next  moutli  his  old  opponent,  Clayborne,  re- 
ceived a commission  from  Charles,  as  Treasurer 
of  Virginia  for  life. 

It  became  necessary  now  to  be  careful  that  he 
did  not  oliend  Ihirliament  by  transcending  the 
letter  of  the  ^laryland  charter,  which,  while  it 
gave  him  the  patronage  of  all  churches,  and  the 
power  to  license  the  erection  of  chapels,  also  ex- 
pressly provided  that  the  same  should  “be  dedi- 
cated and  consecrated  according  to  the  ecclesias- 
tical  laws  of  England.’’ 

As  early  as  1635  it  had  been  charged  before 
the  I’rivy  Council  that  mass  was  celebrated  in 
Maryland,  and  the  Jesuits  had  boasted  tliat  they 
had  made  proselytes  of  ncarl}’^  all  the  emigrants 


* Neither  Ainlersoii  in  his  ‘‘Colonial  Chuvehes,*’  nor  Cisho]) 
Meailo  in  his  “Old  Parishes  of  Virginia,”  makes  any  inentioii 
ot  ihi'i  Ageiii  fur  the  Church  an  i Clergy  of  Virginia. 


dot 


I 


„,,  , . -fflWP  ■ * ‘ - - • .•; 

'■•\(((wilr'>q  i>i^« tii  ^ 

.»*<i’  bwWaiosw  «>itili-J».<a  2^W 
;■!  ifmih  Ixiii  J>.ilr.i0ir  oift 

hu«  {'K>.I  ai‘Ki  J«a  j«  im»  .fcn«!x<'a 

■«r  'to  abi*  'X!>  na  9W-/T  >«io.'x«ia 

-i;*n  A.  inttifltW  ,ii.ibo-Hi  p'-iti  w R'‘i(omilI«a  d^nlA  , 
11 ‘W  'jlrir/i  lixiii  jtnirex  .I'-l* 

,n!J  btiB  .vu!J’'iO  Ifliiimha  e "Vo  -anw]  Ij«« 

Km  AmJ  «»7i3  ol  «»il  etooJ  U wtK*U.  ^ 


I: 


tnj«  oi  ) avxivl  oJ 

..,1  lUUHWxia  f.k.  .i<!  .!>.ioii.  41 

mo-yt 

; ; . .£^tif -JOl  4;iitiS'it  / Jo 

!,d  tolt  Jote'fny  «t  t»«'i  amiiaoif  >jt 

0,11  Tuubitmaml  V JjtoinwlwU  .bn-..b*  i«it  "•> 

•i  oliif'«  ,.biil  « bMiilv;ii!lA  oiil  lo  latJ-il 

mi.  iMiii  il«  -to  ;»-8e.Tor)Bq  o.ll  m..l  ^ 

-zo  oan  .Bi'xjmb’lo  mho-no  o,li  v^iimxf  oi  i^aoq 
•ib'ili  oHKir-.  Slit  Jmft  bi>bi'^<i'fl 

’ -.cb'.r-Jos  i.!J 

m,dtmri^i74'»«b  i-'-'f  Ji  AfiU V .-x. 
ui  hssmdph^  e>^yr  ''TT'  y?il-.r!/ 


■'‘;r'' 


r:.«TC.t7  V.  v-v,n  h<u  <U>-wifi  9<I.i  !"l  '"»S7>  «“'> 


iSli* 


r’  -V 


CHAPEL  OF  SAL\T  MARY. 


107 


that  arrived  in  the  year  sixteen  hundred  and 
thirty-eight. 

Baltimore  being  anxious  to  preserve  his  Mary- 
land possession,  it  is  very  easy  to  see  why  the 
chapel  of  Saint  Mary  should  have  been  pur- 
chased in  his  name  for  <£200,^  and  why  he  should 
have  at  that  period  disapproved  of  sending  a re- 
inforcement of  Jesuits. 

Politic,  and  looking  for  his  own  aggrandize- 
ment, he  wrote  on  October  the  seventh,  1642: 
“Considering  the  dependence  of  the  state  of 
^laryland  on  the  state  of  England,  unto  which 
it  must,  as  near  as  may  be,  be  conformable,  no 
ecclesiastic  in  the  province  ought  to  expect,  nor  is 
Lord  Baltimore,  nor  any  of  his  officers,  although 
the\"  are  Poinan  Catholics,  obliged  in  conscience 
to  allow  to  such  ecclesiastics  any  more  or  other 
privileges,  exemptions,  or  immunities  for  the 
persons,  lands,  or  goods,  than  is  allowed  by  his 
Majesty  or  officers  to  like  persons  in  England.” 

In  view  of  the  increasing  troubles  of  the  king- 


* Speaking  of  this  ptircliase,  Caltiinore,  in  a dispatch  dated 
Bristol,  July  the  fourteenth,  1643,  tells  Dep.  Gov.  Brent:  “Owing 
to  some  mistakes  in  that  business,  1 have  thought  fit  not  to  ac- 
cept” the  bills  drawn  on  him.  On  November  the  fourteenth,  he 
speaks  of  sending  Mr.  Gihnett  as  an  agent,  and  desires  all  his 
carpenters  and  other  apprentice  servants  to  be  sold  forthwith, 
and  that  the  best  endeavors  be  used  to  discharge  the  bargain  for 
Mr.  Copley’s  house  at  Saint  Mary’s.  He  docs  not  call  Father 
Copley’s  house  the  chaiml  at  Saint  Mary's,  but  it  was  probably 
t he  same. 


hun  fmjbmjiC  oift  >af  bovine  biffl 

,,*-\isili-  8id  oi  ;anr>d 

oiit  Vilw  of  '^■To.V  fei  It  tiioiae^a%o<{  ibiJ/ii 
•li/q  eviv.1  l>(ir<wbj  \rnlfi  \o 

blmih  oAyjl  /J  hnu\()(f^\  iriTf  offtMrt  elrl  m baejiifo 
-^T  ii  yimhiUB'A  'io  b^wiqqiiffen)  l>oh^q  )&/{t  fa  ovarf 
> » 'l^'v  lao(i!‘3^m>lflr 

fl^/yo  aid  iol  ^jrti>I<>o!  bns  ,oi1ilb^I  ^ 
:2Uif  oilt  tadoioO  ««  v>)mw  od 

10  oi&td  ^if.t  io  ooiiobifoqob  adi  o^fiifebmKiO^* 

df/iim  oUm  io  fifnp.  odi  m baul 

Of!  ^oid/jftndiitoo  ud  ^od  '^/uri  ai'i  ifiOfi  ar»  ^t<rUf0r  it 
hI  joh  of  Uh^uo  9vftfv<ytq  oiii  ni  oiteniji^fDOO 

d^uoilifa  ^arooifio  aid ‘to  tor  lou  jOiomid^cI  frioil 
^r>noioattou  iix  bo^ddo  nafftOtl  oift  y^odt 

'lojfto  *10  yioin  ■'{nfl  aoitPr-uKofoyo  thua  of  wolh  ot 
odi  idt  hsijhtwami  no  ^«m>itqmo*/*>  ,?.o^oiirhq 
rlif  vd  bov/oHa  HI  tutdS  .Ri>‘>o^^  no  ^abtud  ^ahoBnoq 
'\hncl^nld  ni  ^no¥i^|  oAi\  ot  ^vyMo  no  x^iaoj/jK 
-:i»iii>l  oi4io  a^>ld^;o•T1  ^frlafmoni  offtio  yroiv  al 

<i  tif  ,#•»<' ii^hll  t©  ^H;jjA<x}3  * 
:im'jff  .wO  q»U  nilfi  ,8fr?it 

-9f.  Oliox;  lit  <»vit4  i iinlt  tit  dufu«  0} 

011  ,ilm!i>otitu«V«tj|i  itO  .will  act  ntrmh  fflid 

*1>1  ilfl  Win  rtJi  ,i)f/.  gMilfuag,  Io 

.ifiiY/iimlt  LJc.%  £>d  oi  Hlacrt'fH  aoiwon^qa  ^orf»o  fcnm  «to4fl*jF«xiuo 
ti't  flijRjjtii’l  i»»|j  &^tMihuh  iKi  ix»«u  orf  rfovDobu'?  orfl  Xitiii  Imn 
’ttfiiJtf’i  1)^  lotj  oH  iM  s^8iM>tl!ib’x»^(^oO  ntW 

7jif4407t|  !ii:AW  i^i  tjul  iJt  OiJl 


108 


TERBA  MARLE, 


dom,  Governor  Calvert  left  Maryland  in  April, 
1C43,  to  visit  and  consult  his  brother,  Lord  Bal- 
timore. King  Charles,  a refugee  at  Oxford,  that 
year  granted  commissions  to  Lord  Baltimore,  to 
surprise  the  Parliament  and  London  ships,  and 
also  appointed  Leonard  Calvert  to  treat  with  the 
Assembly  of  Virginia  relative  to  the  exportation 
of  tobacco  and  the  transportation  of  goods;  and 
appointed  Lord  Baltimore  collector  and  receiver 
of  all  customs,  with  power  to  appoint  deputies. 

About  the  first  of  Xoveinber,  1643,  a ship  left 
London  for  ^faryland,  commanded  by  Bichard 
Ingle.  Upon  its  arrival  at  Saint  Mary,  by  virtue 
of  the  commission  granted  to  Leonard  Calvert 
by  Cliarles  the  First  to  seize  London  ships  com- 
missioned by  Pai-liament,  acting  Governor  Brent 
captured  the  vessel,  Ingle  however  escaping,  and 
tendered  the  crew  an  oath  against  Parliament, 
and  tampered  with  them  to  carry  the  ship  to 
Bristol,  that  city  being  on  the  side  of  the  King. 

He  also  issued,  on  the  twentieth  ofelanuary, 
1643-4,  the  following 

‘‘ Pkoclamatiox  against  Biciiard  Ingle. 

do  hereby  require,  in  his  ^Majesty’s  name. 
Bichard  Ingle,  mariner,  to  yield  his  body  to 
Bobert  Ellyson,  sheriff  of  this  county,  before  the 
fii*st  day  of  February  next,  to  answer  such  crimes 
of  treason  as  on  his  Majesty's  behalf  shall  he  ol'- 
jeeted  against  him,  u[)On  his  utmost  peril  of  ife 


. ';■■  ^ ''3 

. ^;'‘!'  )■!■■  ■Il')  ’;<>fn-jvor)  ^<!T(>‘5  ' ■ 

, ■ ■ f , . ' ' * 1 ''^1 

'5..vM?  . i’iDi  ^j>iv  ■■  ■•  'T'''  ''I 

; ':-;U  ;i;' i jiuv!'  .'nomil  •■  1 

/••'.O.  '••*'  -'.••0.*i'' v.if.Ti'  V*  i :'■■■?  <f  (Vrc 
':■'  ' , i'.'  ■ J 

'■:■  vSr  ' i :•  fon  »'  I -1 


5:.'i '■  ' ■i'-'nt  o.i: 


■ . ; ■ ; ■ :'0?  *•<  ‘i'  .i.V?Of«')''  ■ ’ f 'iJ  ■,  ^ 

i Jili  ) V'l ' 

, ' ■ ,■■  ',^‘T  '{/f  ;)s  ;'i; 

■■.'■  : •'.-  : u J •.,<11 J !,.-n,ijfp;i) 

,,  ; ...■.  'O'  7/-;V^  on.r  l:.'rf‘'!^vKVt 

■J  ili,<;‘:  !i.O',<'  i:‘:  • ■■'I'in^t 

V / ; > -rr.,  n-  .•  y>uha 

' j •■'/•>*!''':  i >■■  - I,t  ■'V  'f  f 

. -...'  , ■ rr^i 


IIETUEN  OF  GOV.  CALVERT. 


109 


law  in  tliat  behalf ; and  T do  further  require  all 
person?  that  can  say  or  disclose  any  matter  of 
treason  against  the  said  Eichard  Ingle,  to  inform 
his  Lcrdsldp’s  attorney  of  it  at  some  time  before 
the  said  court,  to  the  end  it  may  be  then  and 
there  prosecuted,”^ 

After  an  absence  of  eighteen  months,  Leonard 
Calvert  returned  in  September,  1044,  to  resume 
his  duiies  as  Governor,  and  found  not  only  the 
colony  divided  into  factions  by  the  civil  war  in 
the  mother  country,  but  also  that  Clayborne  was 
once  more  assertins:  his  claim  to  Kent  Island. 

Ingle,  after  his  escape,  returned  to  England  in 
one  of  the  vessels  constantly  sailing  from  James- 
town. lie  there  obtained  a letter  of  marque, 
and  as  captain  of  the  ship  Eeformation,  he  de- 
parted again  for  Maryland — to  use  the  words  of 
his  petition  to  the  House  of  Lords — ‘Gvhere, 
finding  the  Governor  of  that  province  to  have 
received  a commission  from  Oxford  to  seize 
upon  all  ships  belonging  to  London,  and  to  exe- 
cute a tyrannical  power  against  the  Ib-otestants, 


^ De  Vries,  the  celehrated  Dutch  mariner,  passed  most  of  the 
■winter  of  1G40-4  at  Sir  AV.  Berkeley’s,  in  Jamestown,  A’irginia. 

On  April  tlie  thirteenth,  1G44,  on  liis  way  to  Europe,  he  wit- 
nessed, at  the  mouth  of  War'wick  Creek,  near  Xew|)ort  Xews,  a 
fight  between  a twelve-gun  ship  of  Bristolers,  as  the  Royalists 
were  called,  and  two  vessels  of  Londoners.  Five  days  after 
this,  on  Good  Friday,  the  Indians  rose  and  ma,'^.sacred  ilie  in- 
habitants, to  v.hich  allu.dou  has  been  made  in  the  last  chapter. 

10 


Ibi  O'l.Uil'a'j;  :i^*>!  J ol;  I i'»i«  ; 1 (}jil?>cf  ifiui  iir  v/i^{ 

lo  T&Mniff  v:ii.  ii;*!j  PiK.'SToq 

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bu^i  noJ)  i>d  )?  iuio  o)  ^lnunj  I>ii:-  -^J) 

^'M“:/ti'’)oao'f‘.u  o-jod) 

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:\l  'atvy  i{vf  > <>?()  vJ  t‘.iiil  o)nf  l>obivjd> 
h\’It  •‘(:-;adY/;|v>  Ijid)  ‘ i /.  ,‘H«J  , /'f  jUfrOO  '{odtOiH  Sift 
iHaJl  Ol  8iia  oiom  oom> 

r.i  J)>.| • ;*/t  ,*>au ■•;:?>  irld  ^0#^ 

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^o'jOif  /y — ef/sovt  *i  ) fall  ol  Hoi)ib>q  fcfti 

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a.sif.  Oj  tit’ioixO  (H  <r)  noi'H] huttoo  a IfY/ioost 

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pip'.ifi-  ; < ;r 'ni?  .V'lvi  t"'i  lU  U’  (jifU  n;)-4-STh'/; » s rtu  jv; ; w| 

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‘f  ' i-'.ii  noaijUi’.  llv;.'-'  ‘ ' 


110 


TERRA  MARLE. 


and  siicli  as  adhered  to  Parliament,  and  to  y>ress 
wicked  oaths  upon  them,  and  endeavor  their  ex- 
tirpation, he  did  venture  his  life  and  fortune  in 
sending  his  men,  and  assisting  the  well  affected 
Protestants  against  the  tyrannical  government, 
and  it  pleased  God  to  enable  him  to  take  divers 
places  from  them.”  His  success  was  so  com- 
plete, and  the  people  so  fully  in  sympathy,  that 
Leonard  Calvert,  Secretary  Lewger,  and  their 
few  adherents,  fled  to  Virginia,  and  Captain  Ed- 
ward Hill  was  made  Governor.^ 

On  the  twenty-fifth  of  December,  1645,  there 
was  read  in  the  House  of  Lords  the  following 
paper,  from  the  Committee  of  Plantations : 

“Die  Veneris,  28th  Nov.,  1015. 

“ The  petition  of  divers  in  Maryland  was  this 
day  read,  setting  forth  the  tyrannical  govern- 
ment of  that  province  ev^er  since  its  first  settling 
hy  recusants,  who  have  reduced  and  forced 
many  of  his  Majesty’s  subjects  from  their  relig- 
ion, and  humbly  praying  the  assistance  and  the 


* The  Virf^inia  Assembly  of  1645-6  passed  the  following: 
“Whereas,  Lieutenant  Nicholas  Stillwell,  and  others  of  the 
colony,  have  secretly  conveyed  themselves  to  Maryland,  or 
Kent,  and  divers  others  engaged  persons  likely  to  follow,  it 
timely  prevention  be  not  had  therein; 

“Be  it  therefore  enacted,  that  Capt.  Thos.  Willoughby  ami 
Capt.  Edward  Hill  be  hereby  authorized  to  go  to  Maryland,  or 
IxiMif,  to  demand  the  return  of  .such  persons  W'ho  are  already 
departed  from  the  colotiy."’ — Ilenin^j’s  Stntufes, 


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PAPER' BEAD  IN  HOUSE  OF  LORDS.  HI 


protection  of  tlie  Parliament,  by  appointing  such 
a government  as  they  shall  think  tit. 

Upon  consideration  whereof,  as  also  the  let- 
ters patent  whereby  his  Majesty,  in  the  eighth 
year  of  his  reign,  granted  the  said  province  to 
Cecil  Calvert,  Baron  of  Baltimore,  and  of  a 
certificate  from  the  Judge  of  the  Admiralty, 
grounded  upon  the  deposition  of  witnesses  taken 
in  that  Court:  That  Leonard  Calvert,  late  Gov- 
ernor there,  had  a commission  from  Oxford  to 
seize  such  persons,  ships,  and  goods  as  belonged 
to  any  of  London ; which  he  registered,  pro- 
claimed, and  endeavored  to  put  in  execution  at 
Virginia;  and  that  one  ILent,  his  deputy  Gov- 
ernor, had  seized  upon  a ship,  empowered  under 
a commission  derived  from  the  Parliament,  be- 
cause she  was  of  London,  and  afterward  not 
only  tampered  with  the  crew  thereof  to  carry  her 
to  Bristol,  then  in  hostility  against  the  Parlia- 
ment, but  also  tendered  them  an  path  against 
the  Parliament. 

“Tliis  Committee  doth  therefore  conceive  that 
.not  only  the  said  Governor  and  deputy  Gover- 
nor are  unfit  to  be  longer  continued  in  the  said 
charge,  but  also  that  tlie  Lord  Baltimore  hath 
broken  the  trust  reposed  in  them  by  said  letters 
patent;  and  that  it  will  be  a very  good  service 
to  liave  the  said  plantation  and  government  set- 
tled in  Ih’otcstants’  hands  by  order  of  Parlia- 
ment,” etc. 


a.v.1  ak\'i'^i''^Vji^it: 


..'•A.-* 


‘^nl)filo<|<Jfi  H pfil  io  noiijojo'i'j 

" ' J<r;  iiiomin^i7<r^  a 

4t>i  S-ii  ''-  'iil'-  !M,.«JUnyt>l «*!<■).'>  Ifoqj  ** 

i:>  J>]tiv)‘  fyr 

ui  !'>‘Niivo'Kif  lv>;t{5:»':0  ibj/ 

H ;tn  ' ^r:ii . .rfMv[,y>  IboO 

*lo  v^bu?-  moit  •.•tr/>?ti}ioo 
)j’,j.;  noqrji  rvibiiifO'i^v 

,vT:r/bi’)  3;::iT  r^uii  ni 

«:!  bio1/.'J  ntO“/t  ;i  ■■>•({  lonis  - 

^'>r.<iol‘Mi  "i;  ^:boo!>  [•-  (‘i  (■‘-'{iiJr.  ,?^no«']oq  oxm 

-O'lq  noiJv/  ; o) 

Ui  b«<[  «>t  ir>io74i'J>n7.  Lfin 

-V'-O  7^p<|vb  aU  .iU'Kf^r  -V  fO  ffulj  Jjiuj 
T »!>;ui  bo?7 //oqfn  ■ 

-'jfj  cult  nvxi':.  bfy/hjh  «girt>.Ifffinoo  ft. 

ion  b-.  A'7  nn  b/o;  ,10.!'  > ■ ! ‘b>  h/ifr  'mftio 

Vjii  0“‘-’  *'bWi •.•!];  '.>:iT  :bi  7 \hio 

7‘it.  )MXbip.i  Of  (tc*:!)  ,lu1'.rid  oi" 

lcab::7,;ii  ibno.  lUi  iit'iki:  bvja.'it  ' '>"l<i  bfn  Jaoai 

• ..tiramnfhiiU  odt 

J(ab  oviooaoo  0 )'>t  >t  !f  .noh  evtitfiiaiu  ^ 

-i'.*-/«>0  b o;  I'/oaovoO  imk^  oiU  v!no  ion 

i);';;".  '.»iij|  ui  ^^^j:^^>,^iio•)  T:'';,ao.>l  vt  on*  ion 

-ob  )»ab  o^.ln  iaJ 

fc-iobol  in'ob.  .(i  i^Lrivml 

{>')WT')%  ft’ : ’flOV  ii  :oi  lll  ff  fl  ii.liJ  i>j0‘  ,iiJ’’>UUj[ 

^)'0i  t.r;;;;)n',>#0,»'^  biui  noih:hti;(  j J»:{i3  Oifj  ovotl 
-idhiil  }o  i'bnO  */d  >h‘M,d  '^7tu;{;^0jit  ni 

/;!•>  '\b$an; 


112 


TERRA  MARLE. 


During  the  year  1C46,  Cecil  Baltimore  was 
urging  before  the  House  of  Lords  a petition  in 
behalf  of  iiis  patent,  but  not  with  much  success, 
and  apparently  fearing  that  it  would  be  revoked, 
he  wrote  from  Stook  on  the  fifteenth  of  Novem- 
ber, lO-lG,  and  gave  a powder  of  attorney  to  liis 
brother,  Leonard  Calvert,  and  his  trusty  and 
well-beloved  John  Lew^ger,  to  collect  all  rents 
and  dues  belonging  to  him,  either  in  Virginia  or 
Maryland,  and  to  dispose  thereof  as  he  should 
direct. 

Clayborne  now  was  in  possession  of  Kent 
Island,  and  Tnglo  appears  to  have  taken  to  Eng’ 
land  Father  AVhite  and  one  or  two  other  Jesuits, 
and  the  records  he  liad  captured.^  Taking  ad- 
vantage of  Ills  absence,  Leonard  Calvert  came 
l)ack,  w'ith  a small  force,  and  regained  possession 
of  tlie  government,  and  in  April,  1G47,  he  w’cnt 
in  person  and  reduced  Kent  Island  to  his  author- 
ity, and  made  Bobert  Vaughan,  a Protestant, 
commander  thereof.  After  a few  months  his 
health  failed,  and  on  the  ninth  of  June  he  died, 
having  on  his  sick  bed  appointed  Mistress  Mar- 
garet Brent,  a single  w'oinan,  bis  administra- 


^ Lord  Uulfiiiiore  ordered  a special  warrant  to  James  Linscy 
nnd  Richard  Wiliam,  for  grant  of  tijc  manor  of  iSnow  Hill,  ior 
services  against  Ingle,  to  be  inserted  in  the  patent,  “a  notice 
uf  their  singular  and  approved  worth,  courage,  and  fidelity,  to 
the  einl  in  niemury  of  their  meril.” — K>lf>/'s  Lundholdcr's 
ant. 


f 


I 


. , ‘ '•  „ ■"  ■•< ; hi 

fii  li  tt)Vii?>Jv^  'fnii  ^*H}\ii'd-  '^nijyw 

t(')nr{f  (hhr  :iotr  sii)d  tfn^jnq  ehi  ‘iliufixf 
Off  bfoor/  it  jfidt  ^aruiyl  vJlwjiU*iiiu  ban 
-sfvr/o'/L  li)  iljft’^dlli  tio  'Joot8  merit  ''rto^/r  oii 


> 


• >?it:f  ■■■tft  -.mTrdq  n jOyji:i^  ■ b^n  ,vjd  , 

’ ‘V  .'.i 

>if.rj»‘i  Ib  01  it(loT»  Bovolocf-fli^vr  .,;  • ■ 

io  V ■ ,o?h{  ol  eouD  I)ii».  J 

)'»Iu  od  &ft  wc|eeib  of  bim  fbijjibnrJS. 

Joojih 

fu'jjJ  iwm^aq  ai  '<jiw  vnat  otnod'^nl')  ^ 

oJ  m'Ant  yvjud  ot  <s>f^!i1  inm  ^ 

t>.in;.^9l, 'rodio'owl  70 l^fio  ojiif// v^ilS  r| 
-bu  ^nliixiT  ^I)y'IU^qx^‘)  ImuI  hiui  ^ 

I79v1ii0  Irimmj  i^riwdsi  guf  to  iflf/  1 

/loi«!!^o?■^f|  f\9fu>4^7  bfi«  ^9tyjai  Uxiiiia  n liljv/  jjl'ixui 
ui'jjf  uif  Jl-Of  ^ihoA  nr  brifi  ^i/romrnovo'^  odJ  'lo 
-'loihrTfj ol  ImnbA.  Jit  vl  Lwrfm  Jbim  nuai'X}  ril 
,irfnl;}‘.)}c>'d1  n ,fnahtnr/  obfim  ban 

abi  vrdf  n 79n/v  .'ioo-raift  7^*r)nr:nrm<n 

dv^/Ib  od  om;b  lo  dliurr  oif)  no  I'ffri  ifjinoif 

-rniC  fcfe97.f^i/.  hfi^r/)io  |v|/i  bvd  ylor^  aid  ifo  ^ffr/nd 
'^rijriiuiahfi  thlt^^aumfru  . • f 

. ,"l  , , ,•  L , '.  ■ ' ; ■ " ' ' ■■  •'"  •'•  ; 

■»  -!p:^mfcV.di Ii;?i[)7qd  JR  !mwl  * 

WlJJUl  "Tti  •H){Ta«i  fl-ill  Ivt  ?n;o;i  tfoIT  ti-w*  c : 

' qa  ^BME 

9iiJ  iii  I vOft'^tri  »<i  oJ 

.rti!“»!iij  ifoe.  ,‘niA^tuo^  ,ih'r»#»  l>»,rot(j|/^(i  haa  W .'sf'?! 

‘•U^^^L  tVvV'A — Tbtirlo  V10W5P/U  ui  't*!! 

■ • ■•  . .14  . 


MARGARET  BRENT. 


113 


trix,^  and  Thomas  Green  his  successor,  the  same 
man  who,  on  IN’ovember  the  fifteenth,  1649,  pro- 
claimed the  Prince  of  Wales  as  the  undoubted 


1 On  November  22d,  1638,  Giles,  and  Fulk,  and  Margaret, 
and  Mary  Brent  arrived  in  the  colony. 

The  Assembly  recognized  Miss  Brent  as  the  xVttorney  of  tlie 
Lord  Proprietary,  and  slie  then  asked  for  a vote  in  that  boJy 
for  herself,  and  also  ns  Attorney  of  Leonard  Calvert.  Gover- 
nor Green  refused,  and  she  then  protested  against  all  the  acts 
of  the  Assembly.  Baltimore  seems  to  have  disapproved  of  3Iis- 
tress  Brent’s  course,  but  the  Assembly  of  1649  right  gallantly 
defended  her.  They  wrote  : 

“As  for  Mistress  Brent’s  undertaking  and  meddling  vrith  your 
estate,  we  do  verily  believe,  and  in  conscience  report,  that  it 
was  better  for  the  colony’s  safety  at  that  time  in  her  hands, 
than  in  any  man’s  else  in  the  whole  province  after  your 
brotlier’s  death ; for  the  soldiers  would  never  have  treated  any 
other  with  that  civility  and  respect,  and  though  they  w^ere  even 
ready  at  several  times  to  run  into  mutiny,  yet  she  still  pacified 
them,  till  at  last  things  were  brought  to  that  strait,  that  she 
must  be  admitted  and  declared  your  Lordship’s  attorney  by 
order  of  court,  or  else  all  must  go  to  ruin  again,  and  the  second 
mischief  bad  been  doubtless  far  greater  than  the  former;  so 
that,  if  there  hath  not  been  any  sinister  use  made  of  your  Lord- 
ship’s estate  by  her,  from  what  it  was  intended  and  engaged 
for  by  Mr.  Calvert  before  his  death,  as  we  verily  believe  she 
hath  not;  then  we  conceive  from  that  time  she  rather  deserved 
favor  and  thanks  from  your  Honor,  for  her  so  much  concurring 
to  the  public  safety,  than  to  be  justly  liable  to  all  those  bitter 
invectives  you  have  been  pleased  to  express  against  her.” 

Dep.  Gov.  Giles  Brent  moved  across  the  river  into  Virginia  at 
an  early  day.  He  had  a son  named  Giles,  and  a grandson 
William,  who  were  Virginians. 

The  latter  died  in  England  in  1709,  at  the  age  of  twenty-five. 

10* 


- ' M ■ 


’VV,.aVUV  ‘-il 


i Lit  '. 


.r;*yiO  bkUi  ^xhl 

. ■:,  1 ao'  ,nri'/<r  nfiits 

/;  ■ ,rr;'  { '/'W  h-:’Utmb 


jJVi.'*'*'  ’■ 

li  ,)i>{ii  ,Ji.,.'  C>'^  7rr,‘::rra". 
Cli  .'n‘Ji('l 

lartii  ?'Jf 

V^iiw  f>«».!.'!*nt  ■'  '■' 

fr3>-j  v:»'?.i.  ■:  - ■■.'•■•’ ' ' ' 

^ . v'^ 

■>;h^  ,iUyC'^H  !«:'  ' 


‘,>ui 

v-i 

-Iryd  yy^i  "io  ‘A>^>:r.  »'U 

nifif  eV'OU9d  •>■■'»  ' 

lydJftt'r’.l*.  V*'.' 
.U-JlUt  d '}[•■■•'■  ■■  '■  *■-'•  ■• 

.Hi!  >-T 

-;>il  j-.:i-  4' 

va’.  ;i-:U'iT  0*tU 

.i  '-;! .%  c bit<-  ^ 

'..V)!-V  U13V-;  ,S 'lo  ' 


,-ji;)  ;a  i>V-  1 

'Mil  iH  bitti 

■,'!  ,.,.,v;/'  xlvCry  ^ i-y  yuT 

;,,.  •:./■:  1' (\  ''‘  IS  J t 

; ■:  , , ■',)!  ,:  . . "w;  bfeUt 

. , ..  ■‘.ail 

;,!;a  /r’v'  •?*«.»  Huf  ,s^iSOO  AMnd 
; ...loVAT  '^yirr  .taJ 
>.ii>iyyr'H-0({  Ahii'f  i-'i 

>1  vvvi^-r  's'- 

/IMU 

j'yi!)  4.u  /y  s^iflto 
m-vv;  }j\  yiirn 
:i  h,  i.,M'l  ,.'iT=wIi 
1.,,^';..  „ <:  itrS  If'iHU 

■'!  r,  - .'  f'>  rH'  i'i 

' i ni 

,.  ; .',;h  ",U  , :.<T!n 

yVrlf.-'? 

. ■.‘jrldJ  .lU  7vf  v-t 
•,  .,•  ! ; -it'-o  *'♦  litd 

^ &ii3  OJ 

. , . ' ‘ ;i  ;>o  • ^ ■»’■' i r»y ^01 

. --i  -H  ' 

, , . ' ! . ;>/'j  '(I'JiiS'  na 

„/  i*y,i  V'  •('(-•  fr  u:l-*r  .lUiiilKiW 

',  i/i-',; ,,  .;i  y;,i  ft.tJT  ■ 


^.j'  lu  ' » 

i:yW.  y'!-iib'c''i  ' ' 

u '•‘''  ■'i  1.1  »R  •' 

f,;:i'  i..  V(’i  I’t!'"* 

01  ■'*» 

U’.'V  ,. 


m 


TERRA  MARLE. 


rif’-htful  heir  to  all  his  fatlier’s  dominions,”  and 
as  King  Charles  the  Second. 

The  course  of  Ingle  ^vas  approved  in  London, 
for,  soon  after  this,  he  was  recommended  to  he  a 
commander  of  one  of  the  Parliament  ships. 

After  the  visit  of  Leonard  Calvert  to  his 
brother,  reverse  after  reverse  was  the  lot  of  the 
ILwalists.  On  the  helds  of  Marston  ^loor  and 
Kaseb\',  Sir  Thomas  Fairfax,  with  his  Lieuten- 
ant Cromwell,  had  taught  Pupert  and  the  Cav- 
aliers that  the  forces  of  Parliament  could  tight 
as  well  as  pray,  and  those  that  used  to  laugh 
now  began  to  tremble  before  the  Poundheads. 
Poyal  ]trlde  and  popular  impatience  wrestled 
together,  until  at  last  the  latter  forced  the  head 
of  the  King  to  the  block,  and  the  Parliament 
became  the  keeper  of  the  liberties  of  England, 
and  succeeded  to  all  his  rights. 

To  this  revolution,  self-interest  prompted 
many  of  the  courtiers  to  accede,  and  among 
them  was  Cecil  Baltimore,  who  encouraired  the 
Assembly  of  ^raryland  to  imitate  Parliament  in 
.passing  hnvs  against  blas[)liemy,  and  assented  to 
the  ex]>unging  of  the  words , absolute  Lord” 
and  “ royal  jurisdiction  ” from  the  oath  of  lidel- 
ity  to  the  Lord  Proprietary. 

Although  Pichard  Ingle  had  been  excepted  in 
the  Act  of  Oblivion  by  the  ^Laryland  Assembly, 
he  was  not  inconvenienced  thereby,  for  on 
-March  the  lirst,  Idot*.  before  the  Committee  of 


CHARGES  AGAINST  BALTIMORE.  115 


Admiralty,  he  preferred  charges  against  Lord 
Baltimore  concerning  misdemeanors  in  his  gov^- 
ernment  of  ^^Jarylandj  and  two  weeks  later,  after 
several  debates  in  the  Committee  ‘‘  of  the  busi- 
ness depending  between  Captain  Ingle  and  Lord 
Baltimore,  touching  a commission  granted  to 
Leonard  Calvert,  brother  to  the  said  Lord  Balti- 
more, by  the  late  King  at  Oxford,  in  1643,  the 
Attorney  General  and  Dr.  Walker  were  desired 
to  take  into  consideration  the  validity  and  inva- 
lidity of  the  original  grant  of  June  twentieth, 
1632,  to  Cecil  Lord  Baltimore  of  a tract  of  land 
called  ^laryland,  and  all  parties  interested  were 
summoned  to  appear  before  them  on  the  thir- 
teenth of  the  month.” 

Baltimore  from  week  to  Aveek  delayed  no- 
ticing tlie  summons,  and  on  the  fifth  of  April 
they  issued  another  order,  requiring  him  to  ap- 
pear on  the  eighteenth,  and  that,  if  he  did  not, 
they  would  proceed  to  make  a report. 

Ko  record  has  been  found  as  to  the  final  de- 
termination of  the  matter  between  Ingle  and 
Baltimore,  but  on  October  the  third  the  Council 
of  State  considered  the  petition  and  papers  pre- 
sented by  Henry  Wallis,  in  behalf  of  divers  well- 
ailected  persons  of  the  ‘Hslc  of  Providence,  in 
Maryland,”  and  they  declared  that  as  Parlia- 
ment had  already  expressed  themselves  sensilde 
of  the  condition  of  the  [>lantation  depending 
upon  the  Commonwealth,  and  lately  ordered  the 


jUioJ  h^yitvj\m<i  ati  >7^fR''iinLA. 

srif  (H  |jtifxnsoim  ?»ioinftjjUr 

lollii  JjfTfi  ,bm:!  7^]/;  lo 

-f^rfdt  srfj  £t  jijimrfiuO  oift  {jf  tc:Jcd'jh  isn97:>8 
b-iOii  bifs  ii}n}<]nO  rmvnod  ■guibdSi'pfj  aeoa 

« ^irubno!  t'^oaiiitfsiL 
'-ii-lidl  fooxl;  bu0  Skiitii^l  i04l')Q'i.d 

iif  ,1  fvj)y.O  1/5  obi[  «>iij  *^d  ^oiorri 

iiTiV/  /id  bllXi  VWfOJtA 

-/r/fit  bii/j  virbi'iu'/  c»ifj  iioitinobbno;)  oUii  ^ylfii  ot 
.dtshirov/j  •./jifd  lo  f/5Jii^ho  oi{j  ^bI)H 

bnr.I  1o  « 'to  O'lo.titJlfid  1>i<aI  ImO 
imv/  f>o)'v9'/^>tf/i  Ibt  baft  b*^i\no 

‘lifl).  oilj  00  1001  oidt^<l  'ifcoqqr.  of  bo{/Oiii/iiu« 

'’*/|bK0rt  aJvJ 'to  dl/ioot 

-Oil  liO'(nfof>  jfoov/  ob  ifuvi')  o‘i/>/«tTi«d 

lrir|A,  *l4  dfill  e>i|j  tto  him  ^frnoifnmm  oih 
-q«  or  add  ^ahjfjp*)*/  ,'iolrio  'soibonu  b*jusai  /odt 
f3oa  bib  tid  li  Jmd  baft  odt  no  moq 

.Ptoqji  n 'rdiua  ot  boooouj  Idijov/  yodJ 
•oI>  fpoS  o.{^  <4  P.n  brwbi  nofod  fnoo^^xoX 
ban  a>07/jtiHi  loitmir  odl  to  aohn/tfanot . 

Iroaao'Xocft  biiift  oiit  'todoloO  ao  iad  /j'lo/aiit/ili 
-oiq  bnii  ijoitboq  od/  buvjhi^noo  osaiin  to 

-ibv/  fciovlltji.  liijJvd,  ni  ^kiltir//  '('laoli  bot/ioa 
iH*  /loaobijo  td  *to^  ■;*  oc(i  to  §ao>'q^)r|  butoofta 
% jTuft  hbi/doib  bait 

obd«Ci(f>»«  fiT/h^iri  >il t IfOi'.^/nqyj)  vjMifrtfn^  Imd  t 
^adinoqob  urllntanfij  odt  *to  uoddaio^j  fift  to 
Oil)  bo*jofrio  vjoltd  byifi  fdtfr,T//ntNiiiiity ) ~OiU  ikm|o 


11() 


TERRA  MAR  EE. 


bringing  in  of  the  patents  of  the  pretended  pro- 
prietor, that  the  Council  may  proceed  to  take 
care  of  those  plantations,  but  that  for  the  present 
the  matters  of  remonstrance  by  Mr.  Wallis  should 
be  referred  to  a sub-committee. 

In  the  hope  of  increasing  the  confidence  of 
Parliament,  and  conciliating  the  republicans  of 
Maryland,  Lord  Baltimore  issued  a commission, 
to  which  allusion  has  been  made,  for  Edward 
Gibbons,  Esq.,  ^lajor-Geiieral  of  Xew  England, 
to  be  councillor,  justice  of  the  peace,  and  admiral 
of  the  Province  of  }^Iaryland.  When  the  colo- 
nists heard  of  the  discussions  that  had  taken 
}>lace  in  the  Council  of  State  and  before  the  Ad- 
miralty Committee,  it  was  not  strange  that  they 
sliould  have  thought  that  the  proprietary  govern- 
ment would  soon  be  dissolved.  Edward  Lloyd, 
Commander  of  Anne  Arundel  County,  appears 
to  have  taken  some  step  looking  to  a change  of 
government,  which,  in  a dispatch  of  Baltimore 
to  the  Assembly,  dated  August  the  twentieth, 
IGdl,  is  thus  noticed: 

^‘AVe  cannot  but  much  wonder  at  a message, 
which  we  understood  was  lately  sent  by  one  ^Ir. 
Lloyd,  from  some  lately  seated  at  Anne  Arun- 
del, to  our  General  Assembly,  held  at  Saint 
Mary’s,  in  ]\Iarch  last,  but  are  iinwilling  to  im- 
pute, either  to  the  sender  or  deliverer  thereof,  so 
nmlii^-n  a sense  of  iimratitude  and  other  ill  aiibc- 
tions  as  it  may  seem  to])ear;  conceiving  rather 


r 


, r ; •i!'  lo  't{  'l;:;:/*;ij'rri(? 

i'  ) yxU 

'.>•■»  ■!/'■;■  I :*■„  'rJj ' • >■'•.'  ' .4  I <■»  tj  i 


Oiljr 

0 o'  '-./i'a  *>d 
‘!r>  o.(‘/n  vdJ  mI 
'•-  , ■.-':,.0)niili-J./{. 

o'  h 'O',  I Jotjd'riid/^ 

. M'.'o:/  -f  ft 


0 ,„i  ■:'.:(  O'tod'Oo) 


0'  ,,i;i  ' 'i  O'  0' 

a 0,0  '{^i:  '0:'n  o ■ 0'"0l'->'0  ";r^  ■' 

•J.  K 'Of'  '>'1'"' /'1  I 'to:  t'"':  •'  |o  'OO 

7v:0  j 0).^  t O. ‘O'"'  o 0 0 O-O ' 0 OO  O /'i  i -O  0‘ ^ f 

-O'iV'V'f'O  T',i'O0''0‘,0''o  ■ ‘-o!i  0:o? ' t,,r,joo,o-  o oo>  0'Uo,’'i- 


000  Urjiii 

1 , ■ ■ ' M ; . . > ■ ''  ) 


..i,  .'>0.  L 0,./  Oc! 

'.  :i0.r0/j’  , ) \ i]A.  ■■;  0(t,0/'..  o 

V'O  oo[‘.  0 O.;  O'vvi,;.'  oooi 

.'OOoi)i,!-U  ‘io  ;0'O'0"i^>  ti  l'!i‘  J,1otr!v/  vl •»' OOOOOV''.^^, 

.•oooti’o.  j oil,]  ^i^•.^roo» k.  ,bv1ijl»  /.  O'M  oi 

■ ; [>00  f h >(,v  ■■OoO''  r:;  ^ j ( ,ii  I 

• o,,.'"  .oitO,  ,0'  lofooo//  A'nim  JftlM  -,.,o,0  ,'  V//- 
/:  o'  ■'r^O^  '00  tiV'-'  !;t.'0.0',':'Oi 'OO'  • ■'O  0,',i{Jv/ 

-:oo/;  000,1^.  o;  ,i/o‘iO-n  'O','o:0  '''(0.0  oo.ol  (U'^u)J, 

!'4oii  ..vldoio- ' 'O; ■ ■ ' 'O' „■  'OiO,  oi 
•00  »>,l  '0 o',i:-  -O'O  O'OO  oo,-':iO%,  -Of  'Oo;10 
^ .K>t>'{0,(i  / i‘>l'  --lO  ‘I'/'o'  ‘■-  0-;i  I’  o-  “i  ,;’i ! 5',  !*'>  . 0 0M| 

■•■'.Mni  in  ]u,;,o  •,]!»,:  o ,0/,i':oii  :!o  ^''-•o^o  v'li  o 

‘ ' ' * ' O'  ‘ 0;.,0,'  o --0  >;0  ol 


''0{.;,:;7  '^►/troio -‘O' '■» 


; 

4 


> Vm 


jj",oUo'0>  y<.{  Ot  " • O' 

iUVO'i'i  lo  ' ;0: 

■:i 

j o.f  1 olf,  ■ 

■ .0 

■ A'.' 


'i!? 


■ol 


li 


APPOINTMENT  OF  COMMISSIONERS.  117 


that  it  proceeded  from  some  apprehensions  in 
them,  at  that  time  grounded  upon  some  reports 
in  those  parts,  of  a dissolution  or  resignation 
here  of  our  patent  and  right  to  that  province/' 
He  then  added,  that  they  would  learn,  from  Mr. 
Harrisoif  and  other  of  tlieir  friends  in  England, 
that  these  reports  were  false. 

A montli  after  this  was  penned,  Parliament 
appointed  Captain  Robert  Dennis,  Richard  Ben- 
nett, Thomas  Stagg,  of  AYestover,  and  Captain 
William  Clayborne,  Commissionei's  to  reduce  the 
people  in  ‘‘all  the  plantations  within  the  Bay  of 
Ch  esapeake.”  Owing  to  the  loss  at  sea  of  Cap- 
tain Dennis  and  the  frigate  John,  Captain  Ed- 
ward Curtis,  in  command  of  the  Guinea  frigate 
of  twentj'-cight  guns,  acted  in  connection  with 
Clayborne  and  Bennett. 

The  Council  of  State,  in  addition  to  the  in- 
structions to  the  Commissioners,  on  October  the 
second  also  prepared  a letter  for  “Richard  Ben- 
net,  Es([.,  in  Virginia,”  with  some  instructions, 
which  he  was  not  to  open  until  the  country  was 
obedient  to  the  Commonwealth. 

On  the  twelfth  of  ^[arch,  1G52-3,  the  Governor 
and  Council  of  Virginia  surrendered  to  the  Com- 
missioners upon  the  most  liberal  terms.  Neither 


1 Kev.  Dr.  Thomas  Harri.son,  who  had  formed  the  Congrega- 
tional Cluirch  of  Namsemonvl.  Virginia,  a portion  of  whoso  mein- 
liors  had  luovo'l  lo  .Severn  Klver  and  vicinity  in  idio-O. 


,.y  ,1S  ' 

at  fViph(t0mq^i»^mno^r  M^^oomri  ft  >ai(l 

^n<yqi'i  Bivoa  «oqrf  yrnrt  ^rnarft 

iKd3£i/r^k'i*j  no  n(>ijrrf^?.ffr  r*  lo  3l*ir.q  saodi  nr 
’\ot>«r70Tq  Jcflt  oi  'HJO  '^o 

/il/.  rffoii  ttn/jof  biriov/  vodi  ludt  Jvdjfm  n^di  qH 
>Iq:^h^;ird  in  nfodt  1o  loifio  Ivnn  ^rrofirriAH 

i^irtr  iftnotn  A 

-n‘Hl  ivrt>d'»fll  t<‘:Kjf)5l  nf.rqqj;0  ho^nroqqs 

ifiiijt'fiO  hit  ft  ,Tov<a«!j  7A  itnffiodT 

'io  7//1  iiJiijiv/  emoij^slruifq  edt  ill  erqooq 
-j«D  lo  /i7».  jk  Sift  OJ  -^(flrfO  **,s>lftoqft&edQ 
-ixd  luiiifpi^)  ^iidol  ' sdt  l»rm  niffi 

yunitil  sift  *lo  ssunuTfaooi'^nl  ,5rifui'3  IrusTT 

Ju  ■ (to If i (Wy:  . Ul^h*^Jn^wf  'to 

.ItsinifKl  fnui  Sino(f\elO 
-HI  odt  ot  nofjffdiii  ni  IbitiioD  edT 

Gift  •iwfoisO  no  ^•isiKd'^JxnifioO  ojlt  oi  tiioltornia 
-noM  Inmfoiyl*^  lot  'i  vUsf  n Ls'iij^poq  oafn  bnosoH 
,>-fioilyTi*5lanji  omof«  rfiiv/  '\triftlynry  ni  «tsn 

^?irfV^*{7liirioo  $th  ihitij  noqo  el  ion  h:w  eil  thiih/ 
.djluo“//nonimoO  odt  ot  tn'.if>oJo 
’■nnnovoO  oifl  ,f*-L*iVdI  ,d*/o;l/.  '1o  iffUsvxt  sdi  nO 
-nio't  Hit  oi  f):>'iyf5ti*jTrts  x;nd^;ii7  to  lismioD  bnfl 
^ 10  d i i 0^  {i'n><i| I >;<  nn  s jfi  nrK]n  liionoifeftint 

«Wrr-  ^r.  .-A...  ^ . 

, •*'■.'  .'1®''  • ■ ■ , ■■I'  '■ 

t*i7>j  oiJ»r  ,iTt>«irt/'ll  fi^uwoilT  ^ 

?/*•'((>•  'I'i  j»  ,4  .'nJ'^'uV  fo  il^>  »i;»t'>  J*m*ii 

~ift  'f  i fit  •tunijif  hit  r. ‘T9  ft /i 


118 


TERRA  MARINE. 


the  Go  vendor  nor  Council  were  obliged  to  take 
any  oatli  to  the  Commonwealth  for  one  year, 
and  were  allowed  passes  to  leave  Yirginia  within 
a year,  and  to  be  free  from  arrest  or  trouble  for 
six  months  after  their  arrival  in  England.  The 
best  men  of  the  colony  were  opposed  to  Berke- 
ley and  the  despotic  officers  of  the  Crown. 
Among  others  Colonel  Richard  Lee,^  the  ances- 
tor  of  the  Ri(diard  Lee,  who  in  the  Continental 
Congress  offered  the  resolution  declaring  the 
colonics  free  and  independent  states. 

Visiting  Saint  ^lary.  Governor  Stone  and 
Council  were  told  that  they  did  not  intend 
to  infringe  Lord  Baltimore’s  just  rights,  and 
they  only  desired  conformity  to  the  laws  of 
the  Commonwealth  of  England.  They  refused 
to  conlbrm,  on  the  ground  that  it  was  incon- 
sistent with  the  charter  of  the  colony,  and  the 
(aillis  tliew  had  taken  to  Lord  Baltimore.  The 
Coihinissioners  therefore  proceeded,  on  the 
t\v«.*nty-nintli  of  March,  1G52,  to  establish  a pro- 


^ In  ICol  Colonel  Richard  Lee  visited  England,  and  brought 
some  old  silver  lo  be  melted  over.  In  September,  1GG5,  under 
the  act  forbidding  the  exportation  of  plate  and  bullion,  his 
trunk,  containing  two  hundred  ounces  of  silver,  in  the  new 
style,  with  his  coat  of  arms  engraved  thereon,  was  .seized  at 
Craveseiid,  on  board  the  ship  Antliony.  Upon  petition  of  his 
London  agtnt  it  was  restored,  “Colonel  Lee  being  faithful  and 
U"erul  to  the  interest  of  the  Common  wealth.” — Cal.  State  Paper.',, 
.'l-rie,  IGTl-lihiO,  p.  -i-'A). 


o>rui  of  m'yrr  (biUK)'^  ioti  ‘W‘ri.>7oL'  odS 

{ul‘rr  3>fio%:»l  ^/i50iirii'fo',i  odt,  of  AUio  vjia 

irtrii'gitV  i*t  i»*->v.“olIi'  f/rw/  Fuuj 

•jot  to  .tPOTlfi  OTfril  Oil  oT  lau;  /iJiOY  « 

t>dT  :n  fuvrriii  tioiiriojltj  xh 

-‘jjhtiil  C*1  VikJoY  '>dl  ‘lO  llVMl 

odit  io  ?!'!';■  'iflo  ‘j'itoi v»FJ  }>iii» 

■'■y.un  ydi  '/rnl  by:d:jjil  hfiolO  ^nutio  mUooA 

edj  io  to) 

oot  'p/iro.t'.yjb  noiUMo^yn  oJt  bcri'Jbo 

Jatba^qobLif  bn«  d k jitioli/'J 

I)i;n  onol'8i  'totno/OT)  ,'/y.u.lf  mn^ci  / 

}n-j  hih  X'^li  “it/h  hho  oiot/  IrMVYi/) 
iHiii  InOki-  <>i 

’io  ?iv/.ni  <;l'.\^^u''.-'tiy:v.)  Iwfj'ri^b  vjiio  ■■Yod) 
hy:iiim./(yd'i  .bi;ii:'  .„^K'I  ‘^o  dlfivot/jws.i  odt 
■ KCaiU  pjIv  ,)r  ij'.tl)  b'iOo'-i  odJ  «o  .iiriidmv*  *d 

LjIR  iH,' 1 '>;>  1.0  'i'.’>.i''Uii['>  Olit  1lu‘jthl3 

d-rf^v<f-;-i*d?ioflui i rU  biowl.  oi  uo>4n)  iu’ni  v;nir 
.jfj  no  .hy^yy'o-'^  7i.<k>v,*di  . 

v 'q  ii  x{>£i<ii.t  ‘ oj  io  ilku«j-ydoo''^l 


Imi  l^uiJnfi  ^^»^luIoO  kb-' I oI  ^ 

,i^£uu 

'■’fik  f*:..br  •{'>  '»*fl  n,fubM(ho1  x*>*  ts«’* 

-,i,i-*'  :>.k  ' •.n,,.'4f<'«  MH'UJ  'to  ehf  rf'iw  ,-.«(ri% 

Hi.{  1„  il0ilM,O.{  V 

Ima  unfifin  )jh>  a,>7^J  <r.i  Ji  i*i 

• - ■ ' ' k I *.J. 

. .ib't*  ^ vSt  • * ' 


ORDER  OF  GOV.  STONE. 


119 


vincial  council,  of  wliicli  Eobert  Brooke  was  the 
head. 

Subsequently  Governor  Stone  confessed  that 
he  had  misapprehended  the  Commissioners,  and 
they  then  reappointed  him  and  his  secretary,  and 
named  a council  to  co-operate  with  them,  until 
further  orders  from  Enirland. 

O 

Matters  now  remained  quiet  until  February 
the  seventh,  1653-4,  when  Governor  Stone,  pur- 
suant to  instructions  from  Lord  Baltimore,  issued 
an  order  in  his  name,  declaring  that  unless  all 
persons  claiming  lands  took  the  oath  of  fidelity 
to  the  Proprietor,  and  obtained  x:>atents  accord- 
ing to  the  terms  prescribed,  they  would  be  for- 
ever debarred  from  any  claims  to  the  lands  on 
which  they  had  settled. 

This  created  great  excitement  among  those 
settlers  who  had  come  from  Xansemond,  in  Vir- 
ginia, and  their  friends;  men  who  had  done 
more  than  any  other  to  build  up  and  give  char- 
acter to  the  colony,  and  Edward  Lloyd  and 
seventy-seven  other  persons  of  the  housekeepers 
and  freemen  of  Severn  River,  and  Richard  Pres- 
ton and  sixty  others  of  Patuxent  River,  petitioned 
the  Commissioners  for  the  Commonwealth  of 
EnHand  for  relief. 

O 

It  should  be  here  noticed  that  about  the  month 
of  August,  1652,  Cecil  Baltimore  presented  a 
paper  to  the  authorities  in  England,  showing  the 
importance  ot‘  not  uniting  Maryhind  with  Vir- 


OIF  r HO 

oiB  *^.157/  &;lo<nII  I*i-KfGi{  tbliiwlo  ,fbnnoD  lebiuV 
r-  . ' ''  Aynsii 

jiufi^f>o^o’^u(6o  o/foiB  'i6ar>7(>p  ^ftrionpoadoS 
f»ms  ^irieiioHelinmoO  ytfi  bfixl  sil 

(>fjj>.iTicb;m?i  g Uuymld  f)9jufoqqjfioi[ 

(itfm  ^tmd^  ifir/jr  dlino<|0*^>o  o)  fbauoo  n I>^fiiBft 
j ' Jynjfih^itat  moil  fciofno  *ii9fitiol 

• T7/jin<b'''I  [It fir;  ioirjp  boiiinai'n  vron  aioltiiM 

loinovfiO  u^jih/  ^l^.tfIOY93  odi 

honagf  InoJ  moil  »tioitoo'i)«fn  ot  inana^ 

IJij  frsohm  ?a/lt  '7ah«I‘5eI>  /Jimm  eul  fli  tebio  oi 
'io  jJlXiO  doot  abanl  pntiiiinb  aisofnaq 
-iri07‘jji  b>«ii;[do  luifi  /lotohqo'di  odt  ot 

-‘inl  7d'^I‘/tiKJ7^7^odT  ^Lo4iioisoiq  Ronot.odt  ot  ■gfii 
(lo  ‘sIkix;!  Oifi  ''oJ  anthib  X‘Hi  mo'd  himndsh  't^v^ 

d>ofrt03  f>ml  ’^Offtjbfilvz^ 
esodJ  ^aomn  tuomQdox"i  taoT§  aMT 

-iT/  ni  J)uomt)eui;>l  mo'it  oifiOD  had  od'^  ai^Itba 
aarj)  luui  otlv/  nom  ;Kl>a^nt  ibdt  , Rial'S 

[am  qn  fifimi  ot  lOilia  vfiii  niiift  oiom 
initi  lytoLX  [njr//[>:l  l>utt  //fioloo  oift  ol  iMon 
fc'xoqooda^uoff  f>dt  lo  ftiroer^q  'loif  Jo  n5vo8-7mo7oa 
-kM'I  bn('d!J!H  hfui  irrr/oa;u>  aom^jm^hiffi 

f 'vijoiiittifq  jiioxnttt^t  ‘iiog^wfto  7txiai>0B  iioJ 

*io  ilHROV/iKmrmoU  oih  'loJ  nioitor-mnwoO  odi 
■ '^wy0-  .bflOT  blfiif^nS 

vp.  .(;.'*!  ■ _■  ■■  ^ '•» 

illnofn  t>»f)  tial)  ht>oitoa  o'iva  ‘>d  Wnodail 

o'loniillncl  liool)  4«tj^uA  lo 

‘j^niwoib  ivboittr.  ijaarod  dt  loqxiq 

-ji7  iltiv/  ImidyiiJ/.  )>aiiina  Kai  to  ‘ji>a«1'£a<|ini 


1*20 


TERRA  maria:. 


ginia,  to  the  prejudice  of  his  piatent  and  right  to 
^[aryland,  where  he  maintains  a deputy  governor 
at  his  own  charge.  Strange  to  say,  the  old  friend 
of  James  and  Charles  also  urged  the  cavalier 
tendencies  of  Virginia,  and  claimed  that  Alary- 
land  and  Nevj  England  were  the  only  two  'provinces 
that  did  not  declare  asrainst  the  Parliament.^ 

O 

‘‘As  late  as  December  the  twenty-ninth,  1G53, 
the  Council  of  State,  upon  the  petition  of  Col. 
Samuel  Matthews,  Agent  for  Virginia,  referred 
the  questions  between  Lord  P)altimore  and  the 
people  of  Virginia  concerning  their  hounds,  with 
the  papers,  in  the  hands  of  the  Committee  of 
the  Xavy,  to  the  Lord  Protector;  and  two  days 
after,  proclamations  were  ordered  to  he  sent  to 
Governor  Picliard  Bennett,  declaring  the  Gov- 
ernment of  the  Commonwealth  entrusted  to  Oli- 
ver Cromwell,  Lord  Protector,  and  successive 
triennial  Parliaments.  Lord  President  Henry 
Lawrence  at  the  same  time  stated  that  ‘ his 
Highness  has  put  into  an  effectual  way  the  speedy 
resolutions  of  the  questions  between  Lord  Balti- 
more and  the  people  of  Virginia.”^ 

Oil  the  sixth  of  May,  1054,  Governor  Stone, 
by  proclamation,  acknowledged  Cromwell  as 
Protector  of  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland, 
and  the  government  of  the  Proprietary  as  suh- 


*Scrie-',  1-574-lGGO,  p.  38S. 


^ Cal.  Slate  Papers,  Cul 


-osr 

ntli%k i,n^  ??fif  W aifl  of 

ibn  ’0if<|'i.l‘  a mlr^Uibim  od  ^yiothr 
hn^m\  i>lo  ot  fir^4<T*nl^  nv/o  fi4  H 

mb  bt^igia  Ok-hi  i-^^ArfulO  hnn  t/jmnl  ’to’ 
imb  l^iiaifthi  imu  ^idar^AY  lo  Bohff'}l>iV}i 
vyHvV«)H<^  %^Yi  bfin  \>m\ 

^Ja^^pndhAl  odt  hm^V:fi.mnpMh  SoiS  bift  Juift 
JdV:ft  ^di  -ijt  otiji  «5A^* 

.loO  to  aor.ti.r^>'j  Offt  ffoqjs  /‘bftiH  to  Iii>«tjroO  oift 

^ituir^'Ti  V vM-'t  hffmi:<^ 

i>:fi  i.-ns  oiomitkil  ln<%.f  tfo^»7/lod  afvoithoop  oift 
Jtr//  ^fibMXKxf  ’^hd1  ^(turi  yjiio;:)  mutv^iiY  io  Aqoiyq 
'lo  7^>ttainiso0  odt  vnit  iii  oHi 

ov/l  bm  I'ioPyjtmH 

or  hiop  '.'«i  oi  fcij’trAbio  oi^T/  >juvim(fiBft>oiq 
-voD  *:»xiJ  ,itfvnn'>n  friijd'Mjf  imriovoU 

-j(0  ot  bo)cii'ihi.7  ibhiOv/£JOiiiati>0  odt  'lo  taoaicno 
77i>>,jot>aa  iMOi  [noj  tjv 

7jiv)U  Uiobko'dl  IrjoJ 

!rhl  * jiiilj  omtt  om/i>!  Jiii  in  o^ninv/ti.l 

vbo.'XjH  oih  Y«v/ijuitodlto  in:  ohn*  iaq  kiuf  h^ontf^ill 
'ilhill  irioJ  mrjwi:}t,I  )^f!oh?fOnp  odl  'to 

i<»  ^l4oo(f  oili  Law  Moai 

fOapi^  ,-'u:U  Jo  ^hyia  oilt  tiO 

kii  fb»wiiio*tOy.  bo:j^bfilvrira>i  vi;  ^aoilfun/ifoci'iq  '(d 
,l>jU!bnT- ■ 'birfj  ‘loioatot^I 

Auci  eii  -7i,b  ‘u>  sifi  biuj . 


FA RLIAMFXT  C OMMISSIOXERS.  121 


ordinate  tin^reto,  but  ignored  Bennett  and  Cla}’- 
borne  as  Commissioners. 

The  latter  therefore,  at  Patuxent,  on  July  the 
-fifteenth,  issued  a manifesto  which  contained  the 
following  statement : 

“ Whereas  we  have  lately  received  commands 
from  bis  Highness,  the  Lord  Protector,  to  pub- 
lish the  said  platform  of  government;  and  that 
all  writs  and  proceedings  should  be  issued  in  the 
name  of  bis  Highness ; to  which  though  we  de- 
sire this  government  to  be  conformable,  yet  the 
said  Captain  Stone  and  Mr.  Hatton  have  lately 
associated  unto  them  divers  counsellors,  all  of  the 
Romish  religion,  and  excluding  others  appointed 
by  the  Parliament  Commissioners,  have  and  do 
refuse  to  be  obedient  to  the  constitutions  thereof 
and  to  the  Lord  Protector  therein;  and  have,  in 
the  name  aiid  by  the  special  direction  of  the  said 
■ Lord  Baltimore,  made  proclamation  and  exacted 
an  oath  of  fidelity  from  all  the  inhabitants  of  the 
province  contrary  and  inconsistent  to  the  said 
platform  of  government,  which  said  oath  never- 
theless, and  the  law  here  commanding  the  same 
and  many  other  laws,  are  likewise,  by  the  report 
of  the  said  Committee  of  the  Council  of  State, 
declared  to  be  contrary  to  the  laws  and  statutes 
of  the  English  nation,  which  is  an  express  breach 
of  his  patent,”  etc.  etc. 

Five  days  after  this  declaration.  Governor 
Stone  re.->iuned  his  power  as  Governor  under 

I 


. ?■  ; 

tsi  >-'A*av.ft\>.?vuma  '?ya,w.i;Aasi>va  . , 

disaibio 

V'.  .^nonoi^affumoO  omocf 
edS  no  ^imxiftsi^  ta  /jwbiorfr  ^>ilT 
sdj  i>i>nlGlnoo  d-dilw  otfedliii?5iri  j; 

V .'  V :!  V,  ' ■ : 

ihwom  w 

-d0{|  ol  b*iuJ  i>»i^  &id  m<nl 

;fihis  (^‘idUjalq  odi  deil 

Oifj  (li  M blijoiln  »^a?b>cK>cnff  bail  aliiw  H<ej 

“S>b  ow  d^ijod)  ibiilv/  hirf^Xo  Offs^ii. 

arft  oI  Jftamnnr/o^  airli  mh 

mnd  iK^i^uH  .nL  Ijha  aao.i8  hluB 

eritlo  il«  (fe^»oil‘>i9ati<>‘j  ^rr^vift  modi  olna  totj^boeaft 
boiiuoqi|a.-4n^Mfio  Ihih  dalmo>l 

oh  I»a«  Waf  ods 

JoWfl^  ^di  Of  Jtapihufd^^d  oi 

ai  /x/iicf  Liiu  *K>.i;i)04oT^i  InoJL  odi'  cd  Ihij* 

hina  &fU  'lo  fjohoinih  hd'jitqa  otIS  ^d  btui  ojona  90 
b9Jonx9  bdJi  itoiir^faftl'Hrtq  obiUfi  ,9'iOfaifbAL  tnoJ 
(>i!.rto  8iaxni<kdui  ^^l^^  lift  laoiX  ’^jibLii  lo  xUiiO  iib 
kii«  t^dt  oJ  ;^ityinbooo<d  Luxi  >(*ijntaoO  ooxdvoiq 
-io7oa  ittfio  kafc  d ddv/  ,Xu?^>nf<m70^4  'to  unoXi/dq 
oisWH  odJ  "^.aibdiUiJniOM  ^ridd  v/i:i  adt  bus  ,a&obilt 
4’ioqyi  od.t  id  oia  ,fcv/fd  i'jilio  kin 

'io^lh{u;oO  odi  to  ootdinmoO  biua  ods  to 
»t#tajiit0i)axi.a^id  »d4.  ot  od  0 bmiih^b:^ 

doasuf  nil  *tt  doidv/  ,aoiJi^i  dnil^iiIX  odi  ^ 

,0b  fthi  Xo 

•fOin^voO  ^ooianxilo'^b  t^idJ  ^ibiUt  avtrb  £»Yi^I 
, , aofafjr  hK  I'JV/oq  ^fd  fjiioi’d 

1 1 


122 


TERRA  MARIjE. 


Baltimore,  and  promised  to  submit  to  siieb  gov- 
ernment as  the  Commissioners  in  the  name  of 
the  Protector  should  establish,  and  on  the  twenty- 
second  of  July,  Commissioners  were  appointed  to 
conduct  the  government,  and  William  Durand 
made  Secretary. 

The  government  remained  in  the  hands  of  the 
Commissioners  without  disturbance  until  Janu- 
ary, 1054-5,  when  a person,  named  Eltonhead, 
arrived  in  the  Golden  Fortune,  Captain  Tilgh- 
man.  Commander,  from  England.  lie  seems  to 
have  brought  instructions  from  Lord  Baltimore, 
who  was  dissatistied  with  Stone  for  surrendering 
the  government. 

Stone  now  began  to  organize  an  armed  force 
against  the  existing  authorities,  and,  sending  a 
party  to  the  house  of  Bichard  Preston,  on  the 
Patuxent,  the  public  records  were  seized  and 
taken  to  St.  Mary’s,  and  subsequently  arms  and 
ammunition  were  captured  from  the  same  place, 
lie  then,  with  two  hundred  men  in  twelve  boats, 
started  on  the  twelfth  of  ^ larch  to  reduce  the 
settlements  on  the  Severn  River.  Before  they 
reached  Herring  Bay,  they  were  met  by  messen- 
L^ers  in  a boat  from  Providence  with  a letter  of 
remonstrance  from  the  authorities  to  Stone,  and 
asking  under  what  instructions  he  acted,  and  tell- 
ing liiin  “they  were  resolved  to  commit  them- 
selves into  the  hands  of  God,  and  rather  die  like 
nien  than  li\c  like  siaves,’  nu'ssengers 


‘io  omAfi  bI  laorinno 

ail) ; to  fjfifi  ^ikilfkj’aa  i>l uoda  iorf>aJoi^I  odl  1 


o)  b^>iftmqqfs  Oia*w  ,vfal,  'k>  LaoaSH  J 

i?^irin<I  ntAdIfiV/  biifi  et(/i>eiHn9yog  mii  Jaubtioa  * 

irmJaiod^  abwai 

;/(h  lo  al>«Bd  ad)  ni  b^tnifun^  iiwfnm^v erg  adT  "i  ' 
UtaSif  p:janchifJnib  Suorhi'^  6iaaolft&iai«io3  ^ 
J)KadfioliH  batoi)/!  is  iiaxlvf>^c>~kfi01 

li^HT  njiitqft')  ,yiioi’jo'^  nabloO  f.uh  rti  Ivy/mn 
o.t  smsoe  ail  J)iui}^inlj[  mofl  ,Tai)«/si<rmoO  ,«i;iir 
/^•loiijilfiill  IriOvl  rriT'-r)  avisil 

;sfiri  jljiiaiT0^  u/i  aooicJ  dJx//  b^^hHiiuifhib  hn  ,v  oilv/ 

j/foiotnavo^  adl 

o baitmj  tui  ojcnsfciato  cd  v/ou  onofki 

It  dntii  ,»*d)ho}llnn  ?K<f)ivJfrfirfs^a 

oilt  iic>\n(*)aat^l  *lo  o^wotl  adi  oJ  73'iju| 

bii/s  bosim  aiav/  tfriooot  arlJmj  odt 
bits:  bitnii  '/i)ji  >nfpaftfin^<  hiu:  ^ss'  n>il4  ol  uadiil 
.ooiiiq  fjsussB  '>ilt  fTio'i)  U>ifij<j[i:7  tw/r  nohituwumt 
^^ficxi  aviav/3  ai  uam  f«y'ibiHini  owt  d3iv/  all 
jiis  ftaajyoi  oJ  JyinU.  io  ill'tlavii  aJi  not  ba)*mja 


v//i[j  oioiM  *^a7iii  mav6?^  adf  no  ^1iioxnoiJ)v<< 
-tioehOfO:  v/iJoxirO'iav/  v‘oli,7«<i  ^uirfoll  bodaiiJT 
to  n /i)iv/  aoitobivoiM.  mo'il  Jnod  n tti  aia^ 
biiii  tohhoJiun  odt  modi  aamrrt+^tiioam 

4fati)xoj  od  «nmioJ)'itaai  iJiilv/  labuu  ‘ji^ahhu 

’iitosij  litfuno'j  9)  ijovior^a'i  aiav/ votU  **  inild  ^li 
adil  oil)  *i’i/{tjn  Ion;  d>'>l)  ‘to  ftbmsfl  ad)  otni  kovIoh 


1 

V >/'•* 


SEVERX  MEX  ATTACKED. 


1:23 


were  seized,  but  tlicy  made  their  escape,  and  told 
the  Severn  men  that  Stone  was  approaching  with 
hostile  intent.  Stone  also  chased  Captain  Gook- 
ins’  vessel  and  tired  several  shots.  As  he  neared 
the  Severn,  Dr.  Luke  Barber,  who  had  been  in 
the  Parliament  army  and  attached  to  Cromwell’s 
household,  and  liad  only  been  in  Maryland  four 
weeks,  was  sent  with  a Mr.  Coursey  to  demand 
their  surrender.  About  dusk,  on  the  twenty- 
fourth  of  starch,  1054-5,  the  fleet  of  insurgents 
arrived  at  the  mouth  of  the  Severn. 

In  the  harbor  were  two  vessels,  the  Golden 
Lion,  a large  ship,  commanded  by  Captain  Poger 
lieamans,  and  a small  ew  England  trading  ves- 
sel, in  charge  of  Captain  John  Cutts.  "When 
Stone’s  flotilla  came  in  range,  a shot  was  fired 
from  the  Golden  Lion  to  halt  him,  but  he  moved 
on  toward  Horn  Point,  and  began  to  land  his 
men  on  this  neck  of  land,  now  a suburb  of  An- 
napolis. 

As  the  night  soon  came,  it  rendered  lighting 
impracticable;  but  on  the  next  morning,  Sun- 
day, Stone  found  that  the  creek  where  his  boats 
lay  was  blockaded  by  the  Golden  Lion,  and  this 
vessel  opening  fire  upon  them,  forced  them  to 
move  up  the  peninsula,  where  they  drew  up  in 
line  of  battle,  dis}>laying  the  colors  of  Lord  Bal- 
timore. The  Severn  men,  to  the  number  of  one 
hundred  and  twenty,  under  Captain  Enller, 
maivlied  aromul  the  peninsula,  vritli  the  colors 


jff )iv!f  ^fiidois^  iROfn  iJ‘joy?)<5l  9>ift 

-"JooO  m«t(f^i’>  bt^ajui’i  ouo^f^^  .jn^;>Jfti  f)Iij«od 
hn no  II  Oil  kh  ,^!sod&  fmovofe  h<yih  h an  loR^oy ;« tti 
(ir  nood  hnd  cainr  ojJff  J .'id  ^moyoH  oftt 

hdl‘.nraHn*}  oj  F)0ii'jniin  ])0n /ann  inoninthnd  Qfii 
biUilvmM  ni  itoyd  vino  {>nii  ln<n  ,Llotl980O£l 
bnnfuob  0l  yo^iuoO <•'*  ifliw  ^nv8  kiVff  ^fevtoow 
-ytdov/l  Mii  ao  ,>lfc<r]b  dnodA  /JOf>noiia«  liodi 
*^o  1001)  viid 

jr(v70>i  otll  'lo  ilJ??ont  odd  Is  bovirt^ 
iiobfox)  odd  .ftloxfcov  h'Wir  Qilt  iil^ 

i jy.di  riiiijtpO  Vd  bobfininnioo  ,<iafa  a ,nokT 
->^->v  j^iUhinl  7/0/1  llnai^s  a bcia  ^acinmaoll 

nvd7>  ,8«ijO  0tloi,  flindqnU  io  o^^iado  xti  Joa 
h’>;ii  p.n'^ff  jojfe  a ni  onfno  rJlikdi 

I>o7om  oil  dfjcf  ot  nokl  nvliloaodl  m&il 

Bid  bilfll  7)d  iiii^od  bna  fiioil  &*inv/o)  no 

-ri  A io  dmcJoa  n 7/on  J>nnl  lio  >lo‘iU  tiidl  no  nsni 

i6.ifCKp5U 

l)OT.obno"i  di  ,0100^0  aock  odt  8 A 

-ftiicrl  ,piiixnoui  Ixoii  odJ  no  tud  ^oldnoiloaiqfjfit 
fciijod  Rjd  ^oiiodv/  doo'co  O'dl  Ijwll  bnutd  oiioid  d{,nb 
fttdl  iM.ui  #n/>iwl  if?)bloO  Oili  /d  b'jbndoold  isn//  ^il 
ij1  m^nii  Irmoi  .ftioili  xioqn  0'iil  :?^iiifloq0  lo?.&07 
ui  qii  n ovoxTi 

-lt>?X  inod  '1o  .vmloo  oih  ^fuyjdypiirrollbid^^ 

•;fK>  *io  lodunnif  oxi^  01  inovoSi  oiir  wOifuniX 

iT>llidX  niiijqijO  ‘foimu  ,.7/ nov/I  h/»a  bo’ibisotf 
■loiuv  odj  Miff  ,nbi«xiiio>q  vilj  bixd'v'mm 


124 


TERRA  MAR  RE. 


of  the  Coiiimonwealtli,  and  oifered  battle.  A 
few  scattering  shots  at  lirst,  killed  William  Ayres, 
the  bearer  ot  the  colors  of  England,  and  this 
led  to  a general  engagement.  The  word  of  the 
Severn  men  was,  ‘‘In.  the  name  of  God,  fall  on  !” 
and  that  of  Ealtirnore’s  men,  “Hey  for  Saint 
Mary’s!” 

The  contest  was  short  and  sharp,  and  Stone’s 
party,  completely  routed,  threw  down  their  arms 
and  begged  for  mercy. 

After  the  battle,  a court-martial  was  held,  and 
as  the  insurgents  pretended  to  act  under  no 
written  authority  from  any  one,  Eltonhead,  and 
Lieut.  William  Lewis,  and  two  others,  who  had 
in  some  way  rendered  themselves  more  obnox- 
ious than  the  others,  were  executed  for  treason. 
Mrs.  Stone,  in  a letter  to  Lord  JIaltimore,  says: 
“ They  tried  all  your  councillors  by  a council  of 
war,  and  sentence  was  passed  upon  my  husband 
to  be  shot  to  death,  but  was  alter  saved  by  the 
enemy’s  own  soldiers,  and  so  the  rest  of  the 
councillors  were  saved  by  the  petitions  of  the 
women,  with  some  other  friends  they  found 
there.” 

Soon  after  the  battle.  Governor  Bennett  went 
to  England,  and  the  Council  of  Virginia  wrote, 
on  June  the  twenty-eighth,  1655,  that  “ they  did 
never  intermeddle  between  those  men  of  Severn 
and  my  Lord  Baltimore  his  ollieers,  but  what 
hath  been,  v/as  by  the  Commissioner.^  Kiehaid 


A-.,  J>'3a.yJla  hm  ■.Mlu^rmmuihioO'  'Orh  ‘io 

iWnxA  fnjsitl.r/7  kfll'W 

stdJ  hiW  'to  aiot0i>  *>ift  to  i':rjii*>d  ydi 

yd!  ,'tp  -b'low  a,ii'.T  '.  ji  oi  i>oI 

**i  no  IklE  *jto  oi!^  nl**  ^bx*y/  nom  imvoS 

,nom  a’j)iomillidl  lo  Jisdt  btii* 

p(m  .ipmh  feiiis  Jto/fa  »bv/ edT 

htiTUi  'ihiB  nwrb  *-(!i>)0fqfA(Ot> 

.7yrom  lot  Jbna 

,bb^][  f*jn/  krtjncn^tifjoo  ,oltkd  ‘Jili  vyfiA 
i)ii  vjixw  i oi  byf>aattj*H(  aTfiwiuafii  0(fj  «a 
hita  incnl  Tlhoifi««  fKjJliT//  : 

b^d  Oily/  >^5^fito  ov^  b(jji  >iv#oi;i  4rjoul 

•itondo  9iom  ij^vloanmir  {jo  i^bti^  TjtW  fti 

jummS  It *l  &d  midi  nijol 

: «’{aa  Inotl  ot /»  oi  ^iyaoid  .at 1/1 

'to  liDiiaoo  « vd  noUbifuoa  'Jtio’{  U/i  bi»hi  YsdT** 
i>a);<Isit(i  \uf  /tot|i/  l)o«a/jq  Rfff/  yotio-lf!  >8  bff«  /i/fw 
odi  ivj  /aa  it>f}ii  8jr//  JiKi  ,iltr//b  ot  loiin  *)d  of 
7f{|  io  tern  ^dt  o»  biffi  ,att»ibIoe  frm  ^\tnnvy 


ofit  'lo  Rtioiiilwq  Ot{j  7<1  i»  r/ii^  ot^v/  hiollhituo'r 
linifvi  x^iU  lodto  ^itiofc  liiiv/  ,tt7movr 

uc/i  . . ■ .y  . ■■.. 

jioilitofj  lomovoO  ^ohUid  {ffiS  10 f^js  nood 
,ohyf:7r'  lo  iiOpwoU  Ofit  i>n/i  ot 

bib  iiitit  ,c,c»b{  oiiub  no 

invvy^l  lo  ivym  tsaoilt  i(‘jo//3yd  ylbbxnioiffi  tov^^ii 
tt.idw  Hid  aid  moHilllidl  bMoJ  Vm  f)a« 

l };;dyill  odt  /d  dj/id 

v r Tr'»A-  -r 


OLIVER  CROMWELIIS  LETTER.  125 


Bennett  and  Col.  TTill.  Clayhorne,  authorized 
by  the  Parliament,  without  the  consent  of  the 
Council  or  Assembly  of  Virginia.  And  further, 
that  since  one  of  the  said  Commissioners,  Pich- 
ard  Bennett,  is  now  in  England  employed  as 
Agent  for  Virginia,  and  is  there  present  to  an- 
swer to  this  Parliament  business,  acted  by  him 
as  Commissioner  aforesaid  ; and  that  the  coun- 
tenancing of  either  jjarty  may  be  the  occasion  of 
further  bloodshed.”^ 

Colonel  Bennett  seems  to  have  acquainted  the 
Protector  with  the  doubts  of  some  of  the  Vir- 
ginians, as  to  the  propriety  of  the  acts  of  the 
Commissioners  of  Maryland,  and  the  following 
letter  was  written  on  September  twenty-sixth, 
1655,  by  Cromwell  to  settle  doubts : 

“It  seems  to  ns,  by  yours  of  the  twenty- 
ninth  of  June,  and  by  the  relation  we  received 
by  Colonel  Bennett,  that  some  mistake  or  scru- 
ple hath  arisen  concerning  the  sense  of  our  let- 
ter of  the  twelfth  of  January  last;  as  if  by  our 
letters  we  had  intimated  that  we  could  have  a 
stop  put  to  the  proceedings  of  those  Commis- 
sioners who  were  authorized  to  settle  the  civil 
government  of  Maryland,  which  was  not  at  all 
intended  by  us,  nor  so  much  as  proposed  to  us 
by  those  who  made  addresses  to  us  to  o]>tain  our 
said  letter;  but  our  intention  was,  as  our  said 


/ 1 JQ  fii  ''/f  MO  Bn/t  #f)ifnoff- 
Ofil  “la  i,f:9^.a0o  jaoiltj'w  ?4- 

Iio/l  Kni'V'f V ‘!»>  /idni'^Hb^k  no  IionifoO  , 
«il‘jj}I  i.!--")  f’n;i'  :.*,ft  ‘lo  aim  Bv»nh  liidt 

r/t  Uy/jAqoii)  ^li  ?a  b*m 

-M  *:>j  .v-rMl)  >i  btiu  <^jfiiri;ir/  -idl 

hAA  7/ii  fv>t‘,‘.‘’{  1'ri.'n.Cfhi;*I  ot  i^ws 

-ifff,<o  ,;t{j  ffid;  A-,u  : an 

1:  :m!^,ji->;vr.  -ij,:  ;.l  tY/ljiS 'tO  )»f!bf!JUI9t  ■, 

clcbooid  latfii i/l " 

.*  i!i  t>obif£;;pn.#  sviitf  m fur ■■)•>-,  jionaofi  I^jiioloD 
• •;;V  -fit  lo  'jiirnsm  ■ edl  j)>iv/  ’lolofttoVI 

“:*i  M vS‘->i  T’  ■',.  aj  ■ 

v/'olf/fi  'iflW  V'.  ri*10fiOI'5*?lJfrfliOr) 

,i: ii-;  ivatir/? 

.••■;: 1a t»ln‘vy  *.♦  }f‘-.7<i'uoiO  7c}\cgOI ■■■■ 
•7  7fOV/)  Yjft  'tf)  VK,f,>V  7d  oi  PillOO^i)  il*^ 

i^'rrivyj’i  Off  i.0fh.io*i  atfi  vd  I-  '';  ,om;ib  lo  dinhi 
io  Oviiar-.HJT  ')(froa  hid)  lonofo')  '(d 

-)*j1  'liio  'to  Qferr>«  ?.((r  :f‘/^nii  Hj'fiff  f>fq 

'i.'.’o  Y/i  Vi  fti?'  ; vY/uoTfil-  lo  lat 

a dVJifi  i>! )?•■*'>  ' <!,'  h:.U  ]"> '‘...Mihii  In-; .'I  O'fr  ^70lt‘>l  • 
-^><rjU  'io  ^iinjb‘^j70hf  ydt  of  fuq  qoJa 
iivio  7(fl  olJjya  ol  !i:>.\nO)hojj  ftYnow 

Mu  1/j  jo/:  rJiv/  /i  /fiiv/  ,i>hi;i7'J/ii/.  'to  tf5^i,nrn^YO^ 
4‘-‘h.jtr  m non  -^tir  7vf 'Bo'h'nojfff ' 
njo  m/iMo  i».t  K{,?.  <:i  iv.)v>-'r.ild.iu  '.l.-.rM'  odrr  aaoti't-  *id 
I I i:b  'fi;u  li  '■jhif/hi:  Ufo  Ic/d  ;io)tpl  kh:4 

^.. ..  ■».  A-  ....  , — ...uli* — ■•- 


126 


TERRA  MAREE. 


letter  doth  plainly  import,  only  to  prevent  and 
forbid  any  force  or  violence  to  be  oflered  by 
either  of  the  plantations  of  Virginia  or  Mary- 
land from  one  to  the  other,  upon  the  difterences 
concerning  their  bounds,  the  said  difierences 
being  then  under  the  consideration  of  ourself 
and  council  here,  which  for  your  more  fall  satis- 
faction we  have  thought  ht  to  signify  to  you.’’ 

Cecil  Baltimore  and  the  Adventurers  of  Mary- 
land, in  January,  1655-56,  made  complaint  to 
the  Lord  Protector  against  Bennett  and  Clay- 
borne,  for  shooting  four  men  to  death  in  cold 
blood,  and  ask  a restitution  of  their  rights,  and 
at  the  same  time  the  Commissioners  presented  a 
counter-petition. 

A pamplilet  also  appeared,  written  by  a Balti- 
more partisan,  styled : Hammond  versus  Ilea- 

mans ; or,  an  answer  to  an  audacious  pamphlet, 
published  by  an  impudent  and  ridiculous  fellow 
named  Eoger  Ileamans,  calling  himself  Com- 
mander of  the  ship  Golden  Lion,  wherein  he  en- 
deavors, b}^  lies  and  holy  expressions,  to  color 
over  his  murders  and  treacheries  committed  in 
the  Province  of  ^Maryland,  to  the  utter  ruin  of 
that  flourishing  plantation ; having  for  a great 
sum  sold  himself  to  proceed  in  those  cruelties; 
it  being  altogether  answered  out  of  the  abstract 
of  credible  oaths  taken  here  in  Eno-Umd.  In 

O 

which  is  pul)lislied  his  IPighnesses  absolute 
though  neglected  command  to  liichard  Bennett, 


• -.If. 

ia^TWf  of  „ : it:  vjiJH^hr  KOttsf 

'-r/f  o(i  .iO'-  .:(?' a:>’:iOt  VMi; 

uM  *1^:  ‘ V'  'io  iviijio 

Mro'Dytffii.t  ’■'  n ,'iOiil'.}  ;iJj  07  o*0v  novid  iviiio 

v ovj  ,;J;aood- liOiii  '^nu4-to^MK>j> 
:;  ■'dl  'tobnu  nodi  ^4  0- '■i1 

f!;,,  • , ’{‘1  ,d‘:;:d7/  ,0'iod  (iOfTOO--'  blO: 

■■.Jif;';  ■'':,f  :'  O;0  0*  'iJV.oI  ^7/  S ! i ■ .Ij  :,.H  0 

/.  -'O'  rnin  7:. '..jO!  .iiidl  o:f‘- I 
, "O  .:i'i  .00o.^d»l  ^Tinmu:X  oi 
'Vn's’jO  1'^odfi'Ir:’  'tolOOlOlH  i)":OJ  7!,i:j 

, . 'iki^d  fl iiaoifa  'U,n  ,v010d 

■ to  it  >|:'*.i:i  ba^s  ^l>OokS 

:.  -0.0'  7 oo'di-onr^-odr  H 

■ , ,0  , . r -jTom 

n»;  /':'  :•  , 'lUOO 

^ , , . ■ ; 1 » d ■' 00| 

, , . -■  ' '00  f:  i^Ot-nOit 

'-M  .O)  jj:,'  ; ''  Oj/io  'lohit/iDil 
. ...  ,,  , i,  ■•oO  yJ  ^h'lOViiob 

i 3 ;-:r  'i  ■ ‘O'Hi  fO  dd  *tovo 

,.  , ,.  0 r ■ ,r  . 0"O't!‘;o-i*I 

, ■;  ;■,  '■'■U  jjoil 

o-  :•  • ''O'-- 

: : . I ^ ' ' ■ ' .'■■O'do  oou^d  >t£ 

„ '■Aii,\rto 

:?  --.i  di'ddvv 


DIFFICULTIES  SETTLED. 


127 


late  Governor  of  Virginia,  and  all  others,  not  to 
disturb  the  Lord  Baltimore’s  plantaiion  in  Mary- 
land. Bv  John  HaminondJ  a suiferer  in  these 
calamities.  Printed  at  London  for  the  use  of 
the  author,  and  are  to  be  sold  at  the  Royal  1 Ex- 
change in  Cornhill.” 

On  the  thirty-first  of  July,  1656,  the  Council 
of  State  considered  the  petition  of  Colonels 
Matthews  and  Bennett,  and  also  the  report  from 
Lords  "Whitelocke  and  Widrington,  relating  to 
Virginia  and  Maryland,  and  recommended  that 
the  whole  matter  be  referred  to  the  Committee 
of  Trade  for  their  opinion. 

This  Committee  having  made  a report,  the 
whole  matter,  on  December  the  seventeenth,  was 
referred  to  the  Committee  on  Plantations,  to 
confer  with  Baltimore  and  the  other  parties,  and 
report  what  they  conceived  fit  to  be  done. 

After  many  interviews,  on  the  thirtieth  of  No- 
vember, 1657,  articles  of  agreement  were  signed 
by  Cecil  Baltimore  and  the  Commissioners  Ben- 


* John  Hammond  for  seventeen  years  resided  in  Virginia; 
but,  in  November,  lbo2,  by  an  act  of  the  Assembly,  being  at 
the  lime  a burgess  from  the  Isle  of  Wight,  was  expelled  from 
the  colony  as  a “ scandalous  person,  and  a frequent  disturber  of 
the  peace  of  the  country.”  (lleniug.)  lie  then  went  to  Mary- 
land, and,  after  Stone’s  insurrection,  he  escaped  to  Eiigl.-ind, 
and  beside  the  pamphlet  quoted,  he  wrote  “ Leah  and  Rachel,” 
in  praise  of  the  sister  colonies,  which  is  republished  in  the 
Force  Historical  Tracts. 


T2F  ^ 


ol  t^n  fl^.i  Imn  ^miibgt&  lei<  iwn^7oO  (finl 

-yjmiC  in  iToiifiSifjSq  a^ioiwirfriH;  bioJ  Iff)  tfiuleih  v 
' m « ^JuTommwH  riifoT,  tS[  .Oncl 

lo  oew  fidt  *iol  iiodfjovi  L*>jfnii^I  .ft*iftffnnlfir> 


-x.I^  mn  hav  6ilj 

''^^fidmoO  ni  ^(wa/Ia 

IbiH/oO  ^nb  ^<Vj5I  odS  aO 

^hnnUyj  Jf)  nol)tl*K5  <^41  bmi^hi^itiy^  &mt8  ^o 
inof^■t^l0^i^|5k'^  sxi:  Ov1j<x  fiMia  bin?  ' 

oj  ^(nUih'i  ,iu> jp<f (ibiV/  (rAyoioiidW  ab'fOvl 
jndJ  b&ha^mifioy^'i  imfi  Jynnf'nuM  bcuj  jiiargyiV 
milrmjqy^  mil  <jt  ji9ijsm  ^lodw  sxft 

^ i . m)b;iiqo  ibdt  ii.?1  ateT 'lo 

9(}t  jjw#!  n niifT 

>,i;w  ,din^)0ta9vba  odi  i'i(fmoot><T  uo  /i  )^nfx3  olodw  - 
(ll  ny  99tdmfiKO  oi 

hn&  fkoiSinq  ladjo  eiif  b««  otomijlidl  ibiiv  tdhioo 
,9/joi>  0(1  oi  3fi  Irr/houoo  ihilT/  iidq^i 
ih^ihiVfj  0(lF  no  17*19^x11  yrinm  loAA 

Jil9XVT991^JJ  'lO  a^biriii  »Vdc)i  ,t9d/ll97 

“fi9U  {iTdiKu'&rtaTUfJu'l)  oili  f)jm  'nomiJhM  IhoO  i<I 


;iuni^yiY  ai  b'sht^'s-i  i(ya9X  n^yinoro^  toJ  Jbnommjili  nrfol  ^ 
la  '^’iU“>d  vij^lCSm^iitcA  orfi  lo  Jo«  na  y4  oi  ,ia<f 

m<n't  L‘«n7^/'r  jsiiw  .irigiV/^o  oJe!  sijr  mOfil  a ©dtrii  »tij 

'lo  Twf  luJrJb  ^rtv«ioi|  ^^4l  bm  94j  ? 

^«**vr  «»<iJ  all  ".viiauwaiiJ  Jo  taiipri  (»0|S 

oi  hotp>o^9  9il  ,(joilponu>iai  t'oaoib  ruda \brtA  ^s*! 
",hdi>»H  Itae  daej  **  -^ioiw  9«f  Oiii  (mA 

odi  iii  hidttiiditqyi  pi  dotd^  iiJfds  «j^f  Ip  «i 


128 


T FAIR  A maria:. 


nett  and  Matthews,  in  the  last  of  which  the  Lord 
Baltimore  did  promise  that  he  would  never 
irive  his  assent  to  the  repeal  of  a law  established 
heretofore  in  Maryland  by  his  Lordship’s  con- 
sent, and  mentioned  in  the  report  of  the  Com- 
mittee for  trade,  whereby  all  persons  professing 
to  believe  in  Jesus  Christ  have  freedom  of  con- 
science there.” 

AVith  the  understanding  that  the  oath  of  fidel- 
ity was  not  to  be  pressed  upon  the  people  then 
resident  in  the  province  of  Maryland,  the  Com- 
missioners in  the  colony  surrendered  their  power 
on  March  the  twenty-fourth,  1G57-8,  and  Josias 
Fendall  was  proclaimed  Governor,  and  Philip 
(hdvert,^  an  illegitimate  son  of  the  first  Lord 
Bahimore,  was  made  Secretary,  and  writs  issued 
for  an  assembly  to  meet  on  April  the  twenty- 
seventh,  1658,  at  St.  Leonard’s. 

The  afiairs  of  the  colony  rapidly  settled,  the 
pur.-uits  of  industry  were  resumed,  and  popula- 
tion increased  under  the  more  liberal  interpreta- 
tion of  the  charter,  and  the  only  mention  of 
Lord  Baltimore  previous  to  the  restoration  of 
monarchy  and  the  accession  of  Charles  the. 
Second,  is  an  order  of  the  Council  of  State  to 


' Stuyvesant  calls  him  an  illegitimate;  Heerman  says  he  was 
R half-brother  of  Cecil  Baltimore.  Burke,  in  his  Extinct  Peer- 
age, says  notliing  of  George  Baltimore  having  married  a second 
time. 


" ■ ^ 


ff  vhiv/ t .'J'  ‘jdf  iff  .^yroiHhilA  f»w/j  Mok 
.•»/>v?!i  Mftovr  hih  tno.wn'jitl 

w(  .a'io  f«oqo‘i  oJ  h(‘f^.'-ti  ^^1*1  o'/h 
-fioo  ^/qfii8l>'i(n.l  rfii  vji  bnJil'nttM  ui  oi<>i'vloiO'{ 
on‘i  lo  j ioq^i  fn  h^MKMinorn  J>m;  Jsios 

H|  llsj  VifoiOilTf’  ^^&bjrii  *fot  ^rfijfiltt 
.,  ’io  jifotei«0'tl  ',/Vijd  lai'fiD  iti  jjf'dl^J  o't 

-W)H  lo  dlu<''^iii  iruU  ^-CiibanU's^yhnu  oiii  d}‘  // 

■ r , ' 

0^1  lifjqiT  ,bO''.;r.3'Tq  9tl  ot  iO»  ri'iiW  '(^.i.f 

I ^ *to  0‘'>nivo'Hj  *ji(l  hi 

'i'jffoq  ’ihih  Irvtvbfftmm  */jioUr,  odf  iif  ?r.*r^rrv>.'^*iini 
b.(1B  Oilj  !i:rnil4  M<> 

qi  nt‘i  LiJw  -lonrM-i?)  j)‘:>mifii’»oiq:  8«7/  iliclxv')*'^! 
bT*..]'  i^Til  ydt  "\o  .otafrrhbjolH  n/i  v-fiviK'> 
f>*>itr='sr  ?:?iT^rtyrr/i  /rtY;j7*j!*r>8 

$(li  ir.*qA  no  io!jnJ  oi  Tf<iiiu’>e^ii  uu  n>t 

S(fi  ni>i<u.  { ifii/  (.>•>  r>d)  'to  vmI  I 

-iduqoq  iMiii  fbOiiinnj'i  ^n'»w  7;it«»f>ni  io 
qil:>-jinotnrl.^-io(lii  o-ioin  fvdt  -lofnio  h^ftiiO'^xu  n<:‘ii 
"i<>  f«ofi(r»^n  rfit!  bnj*  /totnjrio  oifj  t<>  Hoi) 

*io'  iiKdmx^r.oi  otlt  ot  0r;oiYQi<|  aio<njib:M  Ino.l 
..0(,1t  .r.'>i'(iiiiO  *io  ir 

«>,}  'to  {f','ni';(/;r  odi  'to-  'lot^no  m Ht  Jn^Ofr/S 


> i:  >f  n,}  f*v,cv*  ; 9 !'•«  rnM  KlffrS  * 

• )n;5jt.rr  «NOji  rro'^MrnH  n*.»r>0  to  Tid/oi^^l0ii  » 

ft  iivvAtrc  ■•n.n 


BENNETT  AND  CLAYBORNE. 


129 


apprehend  Cecil  Lord  Baltimore,  and  such  others 
as  are  suspected  to  he  engaged  with  him  in 
making  and  exporting  great  sums  of  money,  and 
to  seize  all  money,  stamps,  tools,  and  instru- 
ments for  coining^ 

The  Commissioners  Bennett  and  Clayborne 
quietly  retired  to  their  plantations  in  Virginia, 
and  were  respected  citizens,  and  in  1659  Samuel 
Matthews,  their  associate,  died. 

In  1673  Bennett  lived  not  far  from  his  life- 
long political  opponent,  and  both  were  old  men. 

> William  Edmundson,  the  companion  of  the  cele- 
brated George  Fox,  after  visiting  Berkeley,  went 
to  William  Wright’s  to.  hold  a meeting,  and 
Major-General  Bennett  and  some  other  promi- 
nent neighbors  were  present.  Says  the  preacher, 
in  the  quaint  language  of  the  Society  of  Friends: 

‘‘They  said  lie  spoke  the  truth,  and  were 
courteous.  The  Major-General  replied  he  was 
glad  to  hear  that  there  was  such  order  among 
us,  and. would  it  had  been  so  with  others.  He 
further  said  he  was  a man  of  great  estate,  and 
many  of  our  friends  were  poor,  and  therefore  he 


* Mr.  George  Peabody  has  presented  to  the  Maryland  His- 
torical Society  one  or  two  Baltimore  coins.  Davis  thus  describes 
the  currency:  “There  was  a provincial  coin,  consisting  of 
silver,  and  issued  by  tlie  Proprietary,  having  upon  one  side  his 
Lordship’s  arms,  with  the  motto,  Crescite  et  Multiplicarnini ; 
upon  the  other  liis  image,  with  the  circumscription,  Coecilius 
Dominas  Teme-Mariie.” 


mm&-  . * < 


•5S1I 
• ..  '.tW 


' .v**f  >3nTm<^;-Ka,«»twm.r 

■"  "'*i»fli!0&^K|j  fei'fi' i'tetil(«3' 

OaM  ffj  hn»  ,frtOx/Jb'  WM^' 

i:  /wjj mr  iil.k'’-*'':! 

ji^im  bto  ,OTS*w  dlod‘han  ,tnWoq<jo  leoftiloq  •?. 

||V/^^{a9  Wt  ?<i"aofiJaq(noo.oJl'*00«bHurnB5[  laatfirW?’'  .;; 


Ibm  ^ijiH 

' 4in(r}q  Jifftfo  9itio9 

9rfrt6  odi 

910W  bii4  , d^ Jilt  9fft  d^fdqft  ad 
mvff  od  fjoilqqri  Ifn90?O»"!oyiM  9<tT^  .j^woatxuoo 
^ fio£0fl^t9i>fo  d9o«  od$ ' iadi  *i«9d  ■ ol " bntg  | 


^ 's-  -t'. 

-«iR  «jilj  o) 

widi'Wij^l ' .nii^  ortQMsitt^lI.Qifi  Witn^  » 


V 3fc,  ,fioIW|ft5t««u>»il9 ilitw^  ,95#»OT|  ' i> 


no 


TEBRA  MARIjE. 


desired  to  contribute.  He  likewise  asked  me 
how  I was  treated  by  the  Governor  [Berkeley], 
liaving  heard  that  I was  with  him.  I told  him 
he  was  brittle  and  peevish,  and  I could  get  no- 
thing further  on  him.  He  asked  me  if  the  Gov- 
ernor called  me  dog,  rogue,  etc.  I said  no,  he 
did  not  call  me  so.  Then  said  ho,  vou  took  him 
in  the  best  humor,  those  being  his  usual  terms 
when  he  is  angry,  for  he  is  an  enemy  to  every 
appearance  of  good.  They  were  tender  and  lov- 
ing, and  we  parted  so,  the  ^lajor-Gcneral  desir- 
ing to  see  me  at  his  house,  which  I was  willing 
to  do,  and  accordingly  went. 

“He  was  a solid,  wise  man,  received  the  trutli, 
a!ul  died  in  the  same,  leaving  two  friends  his 
executors.” 

His  dauglitcr,  Anna,  married  Theodoric  Bland, 
a gentleman  of  character  and  high  social  posi- 
tion. 

A Richard  Bennett,  the  grandson  of  the  Gov- 
ernor, in  1090  Avas  the  collector  of  Lord  Balti- 
more’s revenues.  He  became  the  larirest  slave- 
holder  in  ^Taryland,  and  was  buried  at  Bennett's 
Point,  in  Queen  Anne’s  County. 

AVilliam  Clayborne  settled  in  the  valley  of 
the  Pamunkey.  After  Berkeley  Avas  made  Goa"- 
ernor,  at  his  rerjuest  lie  Avas  again  made  Secretary 
of  Virginia,  and  Avas  in  a member  of  the 

Virginia  Assembly.  He  \\'as  killed  in  a skirmish 


,/.  sv,  :.,0?lt 
/'(^n/lri  ttlOO  o"  ' HT!W>I> 

7(’  !',:  >rf:‘-)'!t  nr/;  I 'WOt(' 

.,.  i .1-  !■  •:>( 

7 7 . ; , •,  -J  7;  i'?'*  ; -I  **3 ',t ,,  j!  : 


T , ; 

, ! < ,-■  '0  ' ' i; '!  n; 

:;  b mb;/- 

7: 

■ b-'^ ; i 

,rv 

7^ . ' '!  i: 

, ,,  ( ■A‘-.n',  i')t 

f-..,..,',-r 

liiii;  ,t'b/  oJ 

i , , 1 ; 

,.■;  j;  ^>11''' 

i i -f ; j . M»>H> 

{ . s„ Ui')'^  -fi 

noit 


,7-  A 

■ li  {■  „,  5;i<^')7‘Vn  i''*>lOlfl 

^ ’ . i,,  f/.  ai 

f tii  JmiAL 

„ .,,(•;  ,;■  /;:;■■ ) riijHli V/ 

7^„I;  / ^ r:'i^7.!i.(V;.;M.  -'mH 

:■  . . j ;■  ' ' - . ; '•■  i '■  ‘ ^!'5  *n']iO 
;■'!  inn; 


CLAYBORyE  KILLED. 


131 


; with  the  Indians  at  Moncock  Hills,  and  was 

I • buried  on  the  field. ^ 

I’  In  1699  Story,  the  celebrated  Quaker  preacher, 

I visited  a AYilliam  Clayborne,  on  Pamunkey  Heck, 
^ who  was  probably  the  son  of  the  former. 

i 


i 


' ‘iiPffa  ' 


kw  f>im  ^4lill  enjtfLnl  5rft  rfiiw 

.,.,  O'O'  b^hadf- 

oo^ooio<iv/JO  misiKiyf*  b»iiw> 
; .'j^)iff«jot  ^>j{J  1o  m>?  0/it  feftTr  od^ 


V vwirafiil  ' 


\ 


( 

s 

f 


CHAPTER  FOURTH. 


THE  SOCIETY  OF  FRIENDS. 


;ECIL  BALTIMOEE  never  contributed 
a shilling,  as  far  as  the  public  records 
sliow,  toward  the  building  of  a church 
or  school-house  in  the  Colony  of  Maryland.  In 
Ills  dispatches  he  seldom  makes  allusion  to  the 
importance  of  either,  and  therefore  it  is  not  sur- 
prising that  at  the  Eestoration,  and  accession  of 
Charles  the  Second  to  the  throne,  there  should 
have  been  less  intelligence  in  the  province  than 
in  the  other  colonies.  During  the  days  of  the 
Commonwealth  there  appears  to  have  been  but 
three  clergymen  in  the  province.  The  Kev.  Mul- 
liam  AVilkinson,  of  the  Church  of  England,  who, 
on  the  lirst  of  October,  1050,  obtained  nine  hun- 
dred acres  of  land  on  the  Patuxent  River,  fifteen 
miles  north  of  Saint  Mary\s,  which  was  subse- 
quently increased  to  two  thousand. 


i 


^a^fOKiTJAH 

“■'I  etoo^i  oU^ilq , ddi  'W‘ 'W 

"'"  rfsi'trjdQ  'gfrif>^r«ld'«w6{lv'faAwoj;,wodft 

^ 'idi  ol  noieidla 
i -’ifiis  lo,tt  81  li  diolSfiadi'’:^ 

'lo  iKii6800J>ii  {>att 
vbfooifa'  Otiili 

I ^ odt  Jo  ^’■^e.tiiao 

'.  Slid  m^d^rgd  0S'  B%mqqii 

,ui(w^rmiil-gii3  W Weiioawf^ir/^^ 

■ ■ *« it  mis 


»■ 


r^B  .1c  wji^ 

'^'rioid  w 

'1^^'^.ltn»W)«lt  ^,,l»<j!;jm^  •|“b^llg‘ 


FATHER  FITZ  HERBERT. 


133 


In  1(>54  arrived  Father  Francis  Fitz  Herbert/ 
an  able  Jesuit  and  fluent  preacher,  whose  zeal 
stirred  up  animosity,  and  led  to  his  indictment 
for  treason  and  sedition  before  Governor  Fen- 
dall,  Secretary  Philip  Calvert,  and  Councillors 
ITtye,  Stone,  Chandler,  and  Baker  Brooke.  The 
court  convened  at  St.  Leonard’s  on  October  the 
fifth,  1658,  and  it  was  charged,  that  he  had 
threatened  Thomas  Gerard,  of  the  Boman  Catho- 
lic faith,  that  he  would  force  him  to  bring  his 
family  to  church,  and  also  that  a few  weeks  be- 
fore, at  a muster  on  the  hopper  Patuxent,  he  did 
try  to  proselyte.  One  man  testified  that  he 
heard  Fitz  Herbert  preach  at  Mrs.  Burke’s 
house,  and  tlie  same  night  Kichard  Games  turned 
Roman  Catholic,  and  brought  home  two  books 
given  by  the  priest.  The  Jesuit  very  properly 
answered  his  accusers,  that  he  had  a right  to  be 
protected  while  preaching  and  teaching,  since 
by  the  very  first  law  of  the  country.  Holy  Church 
within  the  province,  should  have  and  enjoy  all 
her  rights,  liberties,  and  franchises,  among  which 
were  preaching  and  teaching,  ‘‘^’either  imports 
it,”  said  he,  “wliat  church  is  there  meant,  since, 
bv  the  true  intent  of  the  Act  concerninir  Reli- 
gion,  every  church  professing  to  believe  in  God 


1 Father  Starkie  seems  to  have  been  in  the  colony  as  a co- 
adjutor, but  \\as  not  active. 


ih,  -5'* 

. ■/ Jii'Sv  i:  • ' 

^.:,;w;  J nr>Uih(>^:  '^oi 

j-3/)vi.Vj  qifuH.  T^:^-■-’•^5' 

i:,n  ,!;nii  .lOlbaKdO  r'V  ^ 

tt.»  Jj'tiilO'iirJ  ftWtlQilT  !>'•  ' ' 

i ;.li,K5'?/  yd  t-:di  „ 

*f‘i\\  ui-Ail  5'>ili*  ,d‘Viad'..'  ■ ' 

-j. ,,  j,, ' i ;,.'a  yy  ■;  a, 

' -aO  ■ y>]7b=o*yj  • 

..  ;{-,,r:rai  , .O; ''I  .'  ' -■ 

: t;  /i  i:h: vaiu;^  "ir  ■ Sa- " ' 

i . 7-  :>iyr\  />*  iv^' .'  ' ■ ■ - 


.■-•  . i ‘ vi'ti 

i,.  : '.vy)Knq 

,,  , a ')di  vd 

_ ! -I!!'i  ailld  tf 

;;:  ,,  .'-id'a'/ 

..  ■._.ij;:i  M-^q  ■ 

q.;  :<;.:;7^'  „7d  U>;y  'qd ■ 

7.  -'irj'aii  7inl  '.aiT '(d 
■'y  I qs'-Wy 

,„;  .,,  ,.,05?  'lodiJU'i  * 

, j.  - V'.;:)  - -ff  Hf',i 


134 


TERRA  MARTJE. 


the  Father,  Sou,  and  Holy  Ghost,  is  accounted 
Holy  Church.” 

The  third  clergyman  was  the  Hev.  Francis 
Doughty,^  who  first  emigrated  to  Hew  England, 
and  then  came  to  Long  Island,  and  while  there 
preached  to  the  English-speaking  members  of 
the  Reformed  Church  in  Manhattan,  now  Hew 
York  City. 

His  daughter  Mary  there  married  Adrian  Yan- 
derdonk,^  a graduate  of  Leyden,  and  distin- 
guished lawyer,  and  after  his  death  she  became 
the  wife  of  Hugh  O’Heal,  of  Patuxent,  and  her 
father  appears  to  have  lived  with  her. 

Heerman,  one  of  the  Boundary  Commissioners 
from  Hew  Hetherlands,  says  that  while  he  was 
dining  with  Philip  Calvert,  on  Sunday,  October 
the  twelfth,  l(j59,  “Mr.  Doughty,  the  minister, 
accidentally  called.” 

The  only  active  religious  teacher  was  Fitz 
Herbert,  and  generally  the  masses  were  without 
any  moral  instruction. 

Amid  the  ferments  of  the  Cromwellian  era  a 
society  of  enthusiasts  originated  calling  them- 
selves Friends,  but  stigmatized  as  Quakers. 
Disgusted  with  the  formalism  of  the  period,  and 


* Governor  Stone's  brother-in-law  was  named  Francis 
Douglity. 

■ VnnilcrJonk  was  a lineal  descendant  of  Adrian  Van  Bergen, 
wliu  brrMtidjt  the  turf-boat  into  Breda,  and  thus  rescued  (lie 
place  from  tiie  Spaniards  in  lottVb 


. : ^ orO 

violl 

''  ,'"  '■  ■'  . . ■■  : .ilT 

'■  ‘ , - ...-^C-yioa 

;i,:  ,,,;;  „ v ' i>UfJ 

>T:uim9;jx 

V/'Oli  J,u;,f  i i>Or j‘*,0l:j*f 

■V  H^>  zi^oY 

7 'frji'il'vA/feh'vwjji  / : n'/I,  >itH 

-oiir'/:  'V-' 

•j  ‘ i btui  'lo  'y>  *:Yiv/  otii 


y.rif  ;.t 

:tm7  wu'M  fM)irr'*  . 

' : ' iUuii 

■■  '■,>!  li  > ! 

x:>.,  n.fn 

r7C  ,?•»'>'.  ^ '‘ 

i : 

’:iu 

X/ rii;!., joU.  .'i:'.,  ■■ 

, '.  X^  ' , ;Xv7!''rM: 

'f',7/  ; j:i 

■ ,^:r.r' 

j ' • ■ ( X 

'■  f.  ‘n-rif 

' , 'X  . ■ :X’,jli 

' ; X.-P  ; X;:  . /'If  “fiilii 

iv  i.  r j 

liiiily 77/iiax7J  ‘ < 

, ■'  ; ' ! i ' ; : . X /v 

- : t , ■ 1 1 : ' 

' '.'i  ■■;■  (■■■'• 

^ -XXXVX'r; 

,-X  X '-'/  X X X-  >'VX7^ 

I'trr'iO  ‘ 
■ 1)  1,'tvt'! 


WENLOCK  CHRJSTOPHERSON. 


135 


eschewing  every  species  of  ritualism,  they  talked 
much  of  the  inner  light,  and  Christ  in  the  heart. 

Meek  in  bearing,  neat  although  peculiar  in 
dress,  plain  spoken  even  to  bluntness,  fearless  to 
the  verge  of  foolhardiness,  they  proclaimed  their 
doctrines  in  the  face  of  all  opposition. 

In  1G56  they  appeared  in  America,  and  not 
only  Virginia  but  Massachusetts,  treated  them 
as  public  enemies.  Four  years  later  Daniel 
Gould  was  beaten  with  thirty  stripes,  in  the  latter 
colony,  for  returning  without  permission,  and 
Wenlock  Christoph erson  sentenced  to  death, 
which  drew  forth  from  his-  lips  these  words  of 
wisdom : 

‘‘For  the  last  man  that  was  put  to  death 
liere,  are  five  come  in  his  room.  If  you  have 
power  to  take  my  life  from  me,  God  can  raise 
up  the  same  principle  in  ten  of  his  servants,  and 
send  them  among  you  in  my  room.” 

Ilis  speech  made  a deep  impression,  and  he 
was  set  at  liberty,  when  he  sought  the  Colony  of 
^laryland,  to  be  kindly  received  by  the  Fres- 
ton,  Thomas,  and  Richardson  families,  and  was 
usually  called  Christerson.  Dr.  Peter  Sliarpe, 
ill  his  will,  gave  to  Daniel  Gould,  and  Wenlock 
Christerson  and  wife,  forty  shillings  each,  also 
“ for  perpetual  standing,  a horse  for  the  Friends 
in  the  ministry,  to  be  placed  at  a convenient 
plat-e  for  their  use.’’ 

The  Assembly,  however,  forgetting  the  law  of 


A-  > 


m 


odV;!w^''fj. 


4S;  ■ 

f>'»nfit  ^ni.'.Hwrih'W  ^aivwtfofc'J 

nftsil  flffl  ni  3»hrfO  bm  .tiigii  w”-'”  ^ifl  lo  iJo«tn 
,u  •nufuoeq  rfaiiorftffi  Hoa  .^ahn‘)d  xij  jlo9l£  ■■:; 
o}  RK9h/!3!^  ,«f,o<itnnId'  o1  nsv-j  ndifoxfiH  mm(<j 
ify(!3  (wtftkiw'iq  v.9)f}  ^6-jnif>ierfIoofto  &'gis7  oi(t 
.nohf^oqqo  !f*  'to  »9^  »rf*  «<  wniUtw* 
loo  F>(I8  .eomiiT^  t»  b'rowfiqft “I 
inotlJ  }(iJ  / '{.I'to 

i..tau<.I  lalftl  ««n  ''“■’'■•*■  ** 

1 .j;',!  tJifl  ni  ,e‘jqhtt  vfiidi  lifr/f  oo1u9d  eiw  blooW 

h, m  .aoifeHixHin  ijiodiw  -anffniflrf  tdi  .ynofoo 

(iMiof)  <11  (ioao9flqot«hd0  dooinoj/ 

i,  v.twvf  o«offt  «qif  wri  moil  rfnol 

' ■ / * ' 

(fiBoli  o.t  inq  tiivf  ifirir  noift  J*of  ftilt  io’'d“ 
07oil  no7 'tl  .fliooi  ^if^  iii  ntfioo  /tvft  sn«  fOioit 
iii->  Ik>0  ,ofit  looit  6til  -nit  sdcl  ol  iwoq 
foil;  ,«li:irn»M  nifflo  not  at  oUiranhq  smM  9<lt  q» 
'•.inoo-i  yja  ni  no-/  7>(iofn«  nioiit  f)fio8 
oil  Iiiis  ,iiois-.S!9t<lfoj  qo  >b  a almin  ifo99(i«  iill 
to  vnofo'O  oiil  til^anofl  sii  noxt'w  .vtiodil  In  laa  ea'» 
^>yi”  ‘,i<i -vj  hovh-)9't  •(,iioii/l  'xl  ot  (hnitfrvfiM 
.r.o;  loiB  ,.oilin»;t  uosfiifldoia  f>ni;  .sROWifT  ,m*J 
.oi-piwiS  do*o‘£  .-i<T  iiiondWf'Hr)  fioilao  ytfwfai* 
J;obnVf  iniB  .tdooi)  loiiiBa  ol  m 

SHn  o.tidi  ,orr«  bit/i  nosiolanif  J 

fctoioh'q  Oilt  'Idt  oaioit  c'  lnoJ'^wi 

inoioovfioa  » in  fo.onlq  9t(  o)  ,7;i}aiiiio«  j»HJ  m 

ibdi 

■fo  v/«l  0(fJ  «iiit}‘q^to'l  ,-i979vw(f  /adfO'JSif/- 


136 


TEBBA  MABIjE. 


the  colony,  looked  upon  them  as  vagabonds  and 
‘^disturbers  of  the  peace.” 

But  the  fair-minded  historian  cannot  disguise 
the  fact,  that  under  the  influence  of  these  de- 
spised people,  the  first  great  religious  awakening 
in  Maryland  occurred. 

One  day  in  1672,  unexpectedly  to  all,  there 
landed  on  the  banks  of  the  Patuxent,  from  a 
ship  that  had  come  from  England,  by  way  of 
Jamaica,  the  apostle  of  that  peculiar  people, 
whom  Cromwell  said  “he  could  not  win  with 
gifts,  honors,  offices,  or  places,”  George  Fox, 
that  spiritual  iconoclast  whose  name  is  identi- 
fied with  the  religious  history  of  the  seventeenth 
century. 

Believing  that  time  was  precious,  he  imme- 
diately began  to  preach.  For  four  days  he  ex- 
pounded his  doctrines  with  singular  clearness, 
and  with  a mellow  voice  prayed  from  the  deptlis 
of  his  soul,  and  as  a result  five  or  six  justices  of 
the  peace,  and  many  world’s  people  who  came 
from  curiosity,  went  away  full  of  interest. 

Partly  by  land  and  partly  by  water  he  hastened 
to  the  Clifls  of  Calvert,  and  addressed  another 
large  assombh’. 

Crossing  the  bay,  crowds  gathered  to  listen, 
and  a judge’s  wife  was  frank  to  say,  “she  had 
rather  hear  him  once,  than  the  priests  a thousand 
times.” 

Keturning  to  the  AVestern  Shore,  he  spoke  at 


.iiS 

O'!*'  3.!^  , 
n: '.  „ ;‘>rt 
•>■■  v.t  ]>'?:*■ 

\r  - y.i:rii;t/.  dl 

■*  ;v> 

- ^uu?r 

‘•'  { ,*  f)u, 

u’ursi';'*  .Jvijit 
jH)  '':;/  ■/  b;>'l 

,'n;i 

,;,:  ' i rv-VN'^l 
;- [ vk^liv^b 
.' ' ' i--y|i;riL;oa 
:;  !,  .I,k’/''  Ih'j. 
; . ^ '.■  yvi  J i*> 
-vkl 

i ^..  vir-ki 

nij.'i')  t^Lb 

■ ' 

*:■;;!,* r:f,  n > 

: 'n;‘>;i  r'  ^ ■ 


GEORGE  FOX'S  LABORS. 


137 


tlie  Severn,  where  the  numbers  were  so  great 
that  no  building  was  large  enough  to  hold  the 
audience.  The  next  day  he  was  at  Abraham 
Birkhead’s,  six  or  seven  miles  distant,  and  there 
the  Speaker  of  the  Assembly  was  convinced; 
then  mounting  his  horse,  he  rode  to  Dr.  Peter 
Sharpe’s,  at  the  Cliffs  of  Calvert.  Here  was  a 
“heavenly  meeting,”  many  of  the  upper  sort  of 
people  present,  and  a wife  of  one  of  the  Gover- 
nor’s councillors  was  convinced. 

Some  Poman  Catholics  came  to  deride,  hut 
they  had  no  heart  to  oppose.  From  thence  he 
rode  eighteen  miles  to  James  Preston’s,  on  the 
Patuxent,  where  an  Indian  chief  and  some  of  Ins 
tribe  came  to  see  the  strange  man  who  was  lift- 
ing up  Ins  voice  in  the  wilderness.  After  a tour 
to  Virginia  and  Carolina,  he  came  back  to  Pres- 
ton’s on  the  twenty-seventh  of  the  eleventh 
montli,  1672,  and  soon  began  to  travel  in  the 
face  of  snow  storms  to  declare  the  truth  in  Christ 
as  he  understood  it.  Taking  a boat  at  the  Cliffs 
for  the  Eastern  Shore,  he  was  obliged  to  pass  a 
winter's  night  without  fire.  In  Somerset  Ck)iinty 
lie  held  a meeting  at  Aiiamessex,  and  then  pro- 
ceeded to  Hunger's  Creek,  Little  Choplank, 
Tredhaven,  AVyes,  and  to  ’John  Taylor’s,  on 
Ivcnt  Island. 

His  labors  had  been  incessant:  neither  snow 
storms  nor  the  burning  snn  had  detained.  He 

i-2* 


XU--'  ^ 

irsr^  OB  9wrj'  'sn^iUntm  aff^  .citoY^B 

<:>ifl  lAod  0^  il^it<^n£>  ;j>nfbiiy  00 

m/sdn'idA  i&  m^r-' sd  veb  Sy$o  OiiT  .oomibaa 
9-pdi  l>0ft  ,Jii<fi.f8lb  85>1U0  0076^  10  xk  ,almori:dii^£ 

• bTonr/iioo  mi'f  vl4meP'?'Jx  odi  lo  lOylftCMr?-  add 
\nh/l  .tCr  ohon  ad  ^mod  arxi  ^tiilrjriooi  osfft 
Ji  hwn  cmll-  .^savbO  li'o  ailO  odl" 

.‘io  i'jo^  adj  do  YXiiim  7la97xia(i^‘ 

-iiivoD  oiit  do  9ffO  do  diW/'  a biu;  elxioaq 

J)a  mi7ftoo  Rxjv/  dioHjpm/oa  a'lon 
jsid  />f>r»of)  teododdixD  nximo^I  O0JO8 

*jif  ‘rnv>iii  .08oq(|o  o!  tiaad  on  Lx;xf 

7/i!  fio  aanx^L  o)  BuUm  aoo.Td^b  ab(/i 

HuVlo  ai0O5:f  biiA  d‘>rd'>  nnibiil  ii«  oiodv/ 

-fid  odv/  uRm  o^uinlK  o/ff  dt  smxio  adiil 
TMOtfi  -loftA  .waxf^ablri/  tni)  xti  aof<?7  qa 
-074  o't  >bi;d  arnKO  oii  ,i;ciffo7riO  boR  /jd»bii7  0) 
ilniovola  OiU  do  iffnovaa-vJxiaT/i  odi  00  tncbi 
offi  0/  lo  ont  oJ  ifxj^od  bin!  tdiifom 

)hhiiO  ni  di0*4  oiu  o'trJoob  ot  v/ona  do  0001 

hfid')  odJ  3xi  bKid  a Ji  k->oJfeiob/iO  oH  »« 

n ot  ho^fldo  Btrff  oil  ,7'i.od8  odt  lol 

Vjiwx/)  iotTMto^  oI  -auii  loodiiT/  lojub/ 

-<yiq  iX’uU  lui0  bloii  mi 

,>l(ji{jv{otiO  ob^iJ,  tdoad)  ol  hok)oo 

no  ^a'joivnX  mlol»  qi,, inxii  .i^7v7f  ^oovftiikiT 
. " " "'  Jntnir.-I 

7/oi(H  •ioddoci  mmi  b£id  aiodxd  aifi  ^ 

oH  J>7nhd'if>  bnti  itfiB  adi  100 

1**^  I 


138 


TERRA  MAREE. 


forded  streams,  slept  iu  the  woods  and  in  barns 
with  as  mncb  complacency  as  in  the  comfortable 
bouses  of  bis  friends,  and  was  truly  a wonder 
unto  many. 

Before  be  returned  to  England  be  rested  a 
few  days  at  tbe  Cliffs,  went  up  to  Annapolis,  and 
attended  tbe  meeting  of  tbe  Provincial  Assem- 
bly, and  early  in  1673  sailed  for  bis  native  land. 
Those  attached  to  ritualism  Avere  horrified  at  the 
excitement  created.  On  May  the  twenty-fiftb, 
1676,  tbe  Eev.  John  Yeo,  of  Patuxent,  wrote  to 
tbe  Arcbbisbop  of  Canterbury:  ‘‘The  Province 
of  Maryland  is  in  a desperate  condition  for  the 
want  of  an  established  ministry.  Ten  or  twelve 
counties;  twenty  thousand  souls;  three  Protest- 
ant ministers  of  tbe  Church.  Tbe  Papists  are 
provided  for,  and  tbe  Quakers  take  care  of  those 
that  are  speakers,  but  no  care  is  taken  to  build 
up  churches  in  the  Protestant  religion.  The 
Lord’s  day  is  profaned,  religion  is  despised,  and 
all  notorious  vices  are  committed;  so  that  it  is 
become  a Sodom  of  uncleanness  and  a pest-house 
of  iniquity.” 

The  Archbishop  referred  tbe  letter  to  tbe 
Bishop  of  London,  who  called  Charles  Balti- 
more’s attention  to  tbe  subject,  Avbo,  with  groat 
justice,  replied : The  Act  of  1647,  confirmed 

in  1676,  tolerates  and  protects  eveiy  sect.  Four 
ministers  of  tbe  Church  of  England  are  in  pos- 
session of  plantations  winch  alrbrdcd  them  a de~ 


.•vVA  ■Ai.it.  i-  A ftii  V 


88t 


nmficf  i?i  f>K»  ftboow  asft  iii  Apis  ,8fO  toit8  {jvfrioi 
£i!duti(itmo!>  srf*  ni  ^ ¥^3rtf04iqo:io«i  xlaum  e*i  tlJiv/ 
i9bnO'»  c ’tlwti  ***"  ,sbuoHt  eirf  lo  sv-uoit 

o)no, 

fl  {w,jm  »d  Iweigna  ot  boinuJo'i  /ni  siolall 
l.iin  ,8iio4}Wi«i..  ol  qu  ,i3tilO  oib  tB  svisb  'wol 

‘.fuos»:A  9iii  'to  :j<.ii96in  eiLt  iyjhmm 

.bud  miimi  fiif  vA  botk*  ?T0l  ni  .V’ 

-Jtlrifi  teW'tiori  fJ’t'J-w  umlaum  (>}  Iwiianyfl  mouI 
a/fi  aO  .[joiBOTa  ItisHiotioxa 

<a  9}<yw  'to  ,<>»*/  uifol  .vafl  eil* 

n-niiTOi'l  odT'*  •.-/.Tod-iatiifO  'to  qoilaidibi/i  aui 

aiit  lo't  hnMvtdviu!/.  lo 

avlo-wt  10  oaT  iwcluidst'r.a  ii« 

-t-aiot^  ooidi  ;«Iiios  -cAiyv'J  ;8ailnno'J 

jru  atlX  .xbit'<S5  oilJ;to 

5>rotI} ‘to  91C0  siiBt  e’i‘Ji!«uit  oili  Ihib  /aii  fiolaxo-iq 
. biiirii  ot  fiaAiit  ai  o'loa  on  tnd  ,aif /?«9qa  trie  tartt 
&iiT  <|U 

him  .l.-..f.iqa9b  ai  noiyil'n  ,t>£Hu;ioiq  ai  xsh  a’bioJ 
f;lti  rMt  o*  ;b9»r«i(noo  syto  aaaw  gponoton  llo 
aanod-ta-iq  s:  biiii  agaanBotaimlo  moix,?.  a txtioaatl 

odt  ortsml  odt  JjoTwls-i  xpikMdoi^.  otiT^ 
■iiita  aal'ifliiO  bollea  od'fi  .iiobnoJ  'io  iimlaiU- 
li;9i«  ihi'«  ,nrf7f  4a'>yo«  0*  ot  ..oilitPlifl  a a^om 
boiirriiiioa  Jiijr  ■io  3^  0'iT‘>  rlvaiJqai 

•oio'i  .taaa.'po-'*  biic  Kowrmlcd  ,<)««.  M 

.80.1  111  *•*«  -to  ilatuir)  'mU 

-.Ii  11  iif  .ill  {i'i|ji»{i:t  daiib/  HiivurBliiHiq  io  ii"reh'*« 


REV.  MATTHEW  HILL. 


139 


cent  subsistence.  That  from  the  various  reli- 
gious tenets  of  the  members  of  the  Assembly,  it 
would  be  extremely  difficult,  if  not  impossible, 
to  induce  it  to  consent  to  a law  that  shall  oblige 
any  sect  to  maintain  other  ministers  than  its 
own.” 

^ The  four  ‘^Protestant  ministers  of  the  Church” 
appear  to  have  been  Yeo  and  Wilkinson,  con- 
formists, and  Doughty  and  ]Vlattliew  Hill,  non- 
coraforroists.  The  latter  settled  in  Charles 
County  in  1669,  and  was  a Presbyterian  in  his 
preferences.  He  was  a native  of  Yorkshire,  edu- 
cated at  Magdalen  College,  and  considered  a 
good  Hebrew  scholar.  Ordained  as  a minister 
of  the  Church  of  England,  he  preached  at  Thirsk 
until  ejected  in  1662  for  non-conformity.  He 
was  a quiet,  judicious  man,  and  retired  to  Lon- 
don, and  there  lost  his  all  in  the  great  fire.  He 
subscribed  one  of  his  letters  at  this  period, 
“Your  brother,  sine  re,  sine  spe,  tantum  non 
sine  se.”  He  embarked  for  the  West  Indies 
“with  a light  cargo,  a few  clothes,  a Bible,  a 
concordance,  and  a small  parcel  of  manuscript,” 
and  aj)pears  to  have  come  from  thence  with  some 
Scotch  people  to  Maryland.  His  father-in-law, 
Walter  Bayne,  emtered  a tract  of  five  thousand 
acres,  called  Barbadoes,  on  the  east  side  of  the 
main  fresh  run  of  Port  Tobacco  creek.  He  was 
u>efiil  and  respected  in  his  neighborhood,  ap- 
[*earing  on,  the  records  as  ^[atthew  Hill,  gent.. 


LV‘  ■ ' ■ . - 

. : 1< > 3Uoi^ 

; ’ ",  '.  ^ /■•■.>  jr'  hs  llil'tl' 

*<■■.;.  Ii/v_,  ... '■  ,:(  ' ’ilL'J  o] 

, •:  .'VirU 

r.A>"  ';>■'!  1 '■ 

V7,f;rl 

;,'■<•■  r/ ;h'  ’ i:!;',  z-' : ( ir,) ',4 

, ;■' 

^ ‘i'.:  in  -rnTro'') 

U ,/iriq 

} 

L:’*:,;  tj"  iiinn 

i..',:^  r:v!  M^ni)  I>!'n  J{ol> 

,i  '1.,  V i vif' 

. -.Vi  Oil 

, .:  o^i:U  r iba/‘* 

ou.intyjfioo 

. ,f-:iv>oB 

- .vn-yii 

■■ : ... 


140 


TEEEA  MARLE. 


and  seems  to  have  been  opposed  to  the  agita- 
tions of  John  Coode,  and  left  the  coiintrjd 
The  colony  was  now  greatly  disturbed  by  reli- 
gions dissensions,  the  Church  of  England  men 
longing  for  an  establishment  supported  by  law, 
and  the  Quakers  and  the  Roman  Catholics  ad- 
vocating the  protection  of  all. 

Lord  Culpepper,  Governor  of  Virginia,  allud- 
ing to  the  condition  of  things  in  the  adjoining 
colony,  wrote:  ‘‘Maryland  is  now  in  a ferment, 
and  not  only  troubled  with  our  disease — pov- 
erty— but  in  very  great  danger  of  falling  in 
piuces;  whether  it  be  that  the  old  Lord  Balti- 
more’s politic  maxims  are  not  followed  by  the 
son,  or  that  they  will  not  do  in  the  present  age, 
in  a word,  it  is  so  far  from  being  in  a condition 
to  assist  us,  that  it  is  worthy  your  Lordship’s 
prudence,  to  take  care  of  Maryland.” 

fn  1()74  a petition  was  presented  to  the  Colo- 
nial Assembly,  signed  by  Richard  Beard,  the 
gentleman  who  made  the  tirst  map  of  Annapolis, 
\Cenlock  Christei>!on,  and  others,  asking  that 
they  might  be  permitted  to  aflirm,  instead  ol‘ 
faking  the  oath  prescribed  by  law.  About  this 
time,  ahso,  John  Cornman  was  condemned  to  die 
fur  witchcraft,  used  upon  the  body  of  Elizabetli 


* ('alaniy  says  after  lie  was  settled  and  had  bright  liopcs, 
‘•ne'.v  (muMes  arose.  Ife  was  n good  .sch'dar,  a lively  preacher, 
and  ui  a free  and  geiiCTOus  spirit.'’ 


0^^ 


snff  o.t  l>^>«oqj|o  ©v/jjf  ot  hna 

. ^ hoH'  mfol»  lo  ^.aoit 

•iLit  7<f  ffon  finw  ^nofo’>  ^)flT  ’ 

ii'jjtn  \f)  ffMfrdD  ^th  simn^ 

*^(f  imin?(5iffdAt$o  jau  lo’i 

-bft  yoifo#V3  >jr,  itoK  i>j.U  fun;  ssi{>.yh:ur0  l^itn 
>11^  lo  0m)'>'3Jo'rq 

•ImHu  / 'tr«  *r<>irff>vor)  Inovl 

odt  nl  c«}(i0jdt  *io  tioftifxioo  «*(U  ot 
n JH  v/oit  zoUnvr  ^y^oloo 

Tiio  fhm  h^l($n<yii  vjno  Jon 
ijf  tfm;g  riov  iff  imi— vti*) 

«a{4kjno.T  Fdo  i>dt  i/uH  M iHmftQrfw 
•>i{)  7^d  f)'j’//oifoi  Jo0  o*ii:  emixnin  o-iiilo<|  s^oioht 
.y;>H  Jtma&rq  *^Hi  nl  ob  Jon  ffi'?/  IftiW  lo  ,no>^ 
Hoiifh?t<v*>  rt  fti  lanhd  'sdi  0?  Tf  a ifi 

ti’qirfairiovf  -IW6Y  -((hiov;^  h ii  Inrh  ^tu  Pk.HB  of 
'IbuLi-nfil/.  *to  (.n/n  o>fiit  o)  ^aonobuiq 
'OfoD  od)  of  iyjUwa$’!q  8ir/f  uoiltttxj  r Irtbt  ui 
firlj  df  b’l^iloiy!  Y(f  ,yh!m^f^nA  liuii 

,?^i!oq/tritiyx*!o  qRiit  Of!)  ‘>hftfn  odw  0H(rr^ftn‘>:«3i 
liifU -);i0j:jl*r«  bwii  ^fK>i^Ji>l#ir{')  // 

'to  jmHiit  of  b-^yiihmoq  o(l  id^Jnt  Y/>dJ 

i'.iiU  4ifW/au  %Y/id  yd  hodiv)^^>i*i  dino  mif  ^ni'JrJ 
'j;b  of  bonin^bfHyy  ab'//  n/nnmoO  fulot  ^OAln  fOmii 
dPydR^irJf  )o  yjioti  orh  fi»M|i«  4>9'*j0  -to'i 


haa  »j»^#  oil  7'fi^A  r^M:  xtaolti'j  ^ 

,i:id^tiO‘tq  yjotri  « ,•? m !*•*]:»«, i^oojj  n «n*if  '>?<  ,wnj«  w*mi  ” 


EDMUSWSOX.— WILLIAM  PEXX.  141 


Goodall.  Governor  Calvert,  on  petition  of  the 
lower  house  of  the  Assembly,  ordered  a re- 
prieve, “on  condition  that  the  Sheritf  of  St. 
Mary  County  convey  him  to  the  gallows,  and 
that  the  rope  being  about  his  neck,  it  be  there 
made  known  to  him  how  much  he  was  indebted 
to  tlie  lower  house  for  their  intercessions,  and 
that  he  should  then  he  employed  by  the  Gover- 
nor and  Council  in  such  service  as  they  should 
think  fit.” 

Edmundson,  who  had  been  the  companion  of 
George  Fox,  three  years  after,  made  a second 
visit  to  ^laryland. 

Going  in  an  open  boat  to  the  great  Bay  of 
Anamessex,  to  visit  friends  there,  he  was  ex- 
posed to  a cold  storm,  and  stopped  at  an  unin- 
habited island,  where  he  stayed  all  night  with  no 
covering  hut  a canvas  sail.  From  thence,  hop- 
ing to  find  shelter,  he  stood  across  the  bay,  hut 
was  out  a day  and  night  exposed  to  sleet  and 
snow.  Beaching  Benjamin  Lawrence’s,  on  the 
Patuxent,  he  could  not  walk,  hut  those  that  ac- 
knowledged him  as  their  Moses,  furnished  an 
Aaron  and  a II ur,  who  stayed  him  up,  one  on 
the  one  side  and  the  other  on  the  other  side,  and 
after  holding  two  meetings,  he  was  lovingly 
borne  hack  to  the  boat,  and  proceeded  on  a mis- 
sion to  Virginia. 

A son  of  Admiral  Penn,  while  a student  at 
Oxford,  listened  to  the  preacliing  of  a disci[*lo 


9 ' ' lb  iioHlithi  f .0  \7.».>irwv^--  .[ffi&ooO 

<n  Lm¥>I>tq  ,,;(fuin-v.Hi?A.  edt  la  .•};■■: ood  ■i/>v/<?|^. 

la  ll’hori^^  t:td,t  jii;,,L  iioidLrroa  no**  ^ovonq-; 
mt£  ail]  v:.’.  uihi  Y;r7fioo  Y^lanoO  X'nM 

0(f  ,d;>o/r  hfOiJ:;  ^>rtr>d  oqoi  Oi{t  Saf) 

J’Ow'ci'il  a/  m-v/  Oi'<  nori/ii  yr^d  mid  fd  imoad  o£»/a,a 
^n;^  ,.;aoi%^a‘;M07i(i  ifodi  lot  oftrf^oi  'lav/oi  oih  x>l 
;>r[j  /d  i)->7pi<|i.HY  ob.  nciob  bfoujl.-^  oti  tn/fi 
• Moadcr  Tf>r||-r45  .1 . (i:>rji0oD' biUi  iO(T 

' ■ ' ' . kia',®  "Jil  diirdt^' 

10  ns)Jif]:'|Lfjoa  ‘OM  aor^d  bad  odw  faoclnujutKl 

,5C<';'d.  aH^OOr) 
.oju’i/iiiM  ot  ilth  ; 

lo'  hij‘r:.y  ard  ot,  .[»?od  np<jr>  >in  ar7.ui<oO 
-70  &i}7f  ad  'ijdt  «f.>aont  .ti^ir  oS  ,xo»5i?pinijri A 
-xHiiu  (uj  in  hoqnoJ/  bjoa  ij 

an  iljiv/  id^in  ll.n  bOYfiJti  ad  oiodv/  J-itnkl  boii  ijjd 
■■'{Oil  ,oonOfii  <nm'd  Jim  n hnl  ^iihovoa 

jij-vf  tVfld ‘>jb  oil  .'r>doda  bxai  o.j 

In.ii:  bvjh  ot  ba^oqxa  j;bd.rt  Inuj  too  aiivf 

‘j!ii  ao  oonoiv/iKi  niaudnoff  ///oua 

7rid  /dinv/ 3oa  iduo:j  Oil 

m:  hi)*-- 'iiMbl  -Jodi  '^.n  mid  hoj^i)'A‘7ii>irA 

no  ajh.).,qn  miJ  iy^7/-U  *.>a17/  .*s oil- a hiut'^muA 
ban  f^Hih  oiit  bro'*  ob?^  ano'bdi 

Yj^ar/of  !'tv/,vd,  ...jj&^ixnJooiu  .ovrt  ' 

j;: no babo7-  :']<[  bit/i  ,)i^od  on;  ol  >load  oii'fod 

Jiiiiiji;u7  of  aq/a 

•;  tii  ^tnobojH  0 'didv/YnnoT  IjinlfiibA  lo-:  mJ"^'  ' 
i)  lu  o;3J  of  Jjoiv^^r-U-  Jo-idixO 


112 


TEURA  31ARLE. 

of  Fox,  iind  convinced  tliat  if  there  was  ‘‘no 
cross  ” there  could  be  “ no  crown,”  embraced 
the  tenets  of  the-“  Society  of  Friends,”  and  was 
expelled,  not  only  from  college,  but  from  his 
father’s  house. 

Obtaining  a charter  from  the  King,  he  founded 
“a  free  colony  for  all  mankind,”  which  to  this 
day  bears  his  name. 

Shortly  after  his  arrivril  at  Philadelphia,  the 
cultivated  Penn  proceeded  to  ^laryhind,  and 
visited  fiiends  on  West  Eiver.  Charles  Balti- 
more met  him,  with  an  escort  of  the  Councillors 
of  the  colony,  and  Colonel  Taillor,  Deputy  Sur- 
veyor-General, extended  the  hospitalities  of  his 
mansion  at  the  Pido:e  of  Anne  Arundel  Countv. 

Penn  from  thence  went  back  to  William  Kich- 
ardson’s  on  West  Kiver,  and  attended  a religious 
meeting  at  Thomas  Hooker’s,  two  miles  distant. 

Subsequently,  about  the  year  1700,  while  John 
Kichardson  was  preaching  at  yearly  meeting  at 
Tredhaven,  on  the  Eastern  Shore,  William  Penn 
and  Charles  Lord  Baltimore  and  wife  arrived. 

Bichardson  describes  the  wife  as  “ a notable, 
wise,  natural  and  courteously-carriaged  woman.” 
She  was  much  disappointed  that  the  meeting 
was  soon  to  close,  and  she  told  Penn  that  she 
did  not  wish  to  hear  liim,  and  such  as  he,  for  he 
was  a scholar,  but  she  would  like  to  listen  to  the 
expositions  of  some  of  the  unlearned  mechanics 
and  liushandmc!!. 


:■>  , ,i  -ii-aWkiH'  k'A'A’A't 

; '^WiKSiS  . , „ 

on '*•  I)!>6ttivtp>n.  bill;  ,AO  1 So 


b^»0J^<^m^  “ «.'wio  o»^‘  £»d  W‘'«» 


R«013 


»«-n  bn«  ",ebft»h'4  'to  vloiaoB  ‘/  sift 
fH  mcnV"ibd  ixio-ft  vjoo  Jon  .bolbqx^ 

.o&uod  « idfiiiJ* 

Wbnm.'i  orf  ..fIJ  mo-ft  whcib  « tstuiiiAJdO 

sWJ  oi  ffoidw  •viinriaAm  He  icJi  ■{“«*<>»  Oi^  A o 
; ; ' ^ ,eaim  Bni 

•Silf  4Wq['ify«!id^  U lEvmri  Rid  fjtiod?.  ^ ' 

bmi  ,b«'dr>'i‘^  0*  i>>t.»o.yon{  fiit'/l  b^tu7jtlu3  , 
.i-!,;}I  .-yhiidO  .-.‘oviJI  ^='.o7^  no  RbnoiA  boiw^ 
fffollinni/o')  odl  *Jo  J-ioa*-*  nc  fitiw  ,mid  J‘>cn  o-iotn 
-ini?  7>n.:p<.L,ioirf«'i;ioitoJoO  l«w  VO'ol'W  odl  lo 

• awl’Yo  MiiiiA!Kp.od  yfB  bai)ncO/.9  ditioiioO-iovov 

.vJiiOoO  labnrnA  on « A to  s'gbiil  od*  Jb  (loienwn 
-I’biH  oJ  d-W  luowooitodi  nwvA  uno  I 

fcnoh'if^i  a bobnattB  bna  .TJiiJt  laoV/  no  a'nosbiB 
.^nnjlib  Rolim  owt  ,«'i9>fooH  RB.nodT  Ja  ^mSoom 
i:doT.olid-«  ,00"!  iboy  arft  looda  ^'tlliioiipa^-ib)-. 
jj5  vaxiS-i'ttii  v!i..av  )n  ^iiirfoa'iVI  >a’ff  noibiwl-jiH 
(Kto'I  Minflt  W;diodf5  ;noJ«a  odJ  no  ,mUy>-a 
.(wvrRR  'Ati;  bna  ■no«fill«JI  bioJ  R->liadJ  bftn  . 
.oldi'.Toti  a*'iin  i>tiw  uosbiad-iiH 

'•  aamo-w  b'38BiTi)'.o-7l»i)os>no<»  bm:  lawJiui ,'-»«w 
9iIJ  Jadl  t)'»Jnioq.lf:8ib  dimi.  m»  o.W 

V arfB  oktt'KJS  f-'ttff 

9/i  lol  ,od  KB  d-iiM  b«a  .mill  iBod  <d' i1kiw„1o!>  bil> 

aiil  03  iiaiKi!  03  odil  bfnov/  oils  ml  ,i«io(j£»i_«  mw 

^.^ii.fnfo'iw  bani'iob'.n  oils  1o  om<w  do.8iioi»wafZ'» 


^ f::: 


JOHS  WILSON.— THOMAS  STORY.  148 


In  16^1,  the  good  John  Wilson,  on  his  way 
from  a mission  to  Virginia  and  Carolina,  ‘‘after 
traveling  all  day,  sat  down  in.  the  dark  of  the 
evening  to  eat  some  bread  and  cheese.”  In  his 
journal  he  writes  : “We  lodged  that  night  in  the 
woods,  and  as  soon  as  the  day  broke,  set  forward 
on  our  journey  northward,  and  met  with  two 
men,  one  of  whom,  being  an  ancient,  comely 
man,  kindly  invited  us  to  his  house,  where  we 
stayed  two  nights,  and  had  a meeting,  though  he 
was  an  elder  among  the  Presbyterians. 

“ He  also  lent  us  his  boat  to  go  over  the  Poto- 
mac, and  that  night  we  lodged  at  a jjoor  man’s 
house,  and  had  no  bed  to  lie  on.  We  got  next 
day  over  Pautuxent  Piver.” 

In  1099,  Thomas  Story,  who  was  the  Paul 
among  the  Friends  of  America,  came  from  Phil- 
adelphia, teaching  and  preaching  in  the  wilder- 
ness of  Maryland. 

Receiving  in  England  the  education  of  a cava- 
lier, he  was  skilled  in  the  arts  of  fencing  and 
music,  and  a proticient  in  Greek  and  mathemati- 
cal studies.  Ilis  early  associations  were  with 
High  Churchmen.  The  church  he  attended  in 
youth,  conformed  to  the  minutest  prescriptions 
of  Laud.  The  minister  in  public  prayer  turned 
his  face  toward  the  east,  and  the  congregation 
bowed  the  knee  at  the  name  of  Jesus.  His 
brother,  moreover,  was  Chaplain  of  the  Couii- 
t('.-s  of  ( \ii-lisle. 


v w BJf{  ft«:»  ,r?oftffW  /nIol(»  hoo^  9sii  ,Wb£  al 
- ,iim£o^nD  han  jiilph^iiV  o)  aohhlm  n moil 

ofelo  j«a  tlx:  ^n!hvmi 

ftitf  nT  })rfn  BbWi  <^£<roa  jis^>  ot  ^nt/jovo 

oih  nr  inxit  bs^bof  o7f  **  : eoJhv/  ori  fnm ryot 
rvHivnol  ojIJ  wi  noo«  fe«  hnc  ;,<ihoo7/ 

fltr>/  j^fiT  h(tJ2  Jmr//(fha/i  ’^mrjol 
,rnoJv/  lo  oiio 

07/  o<oj(w  (tif!  oj  kjj  boJcvni  7jfanr>|  pfififii 

o]{  il^fiOitT  /i  Ljfiii  bric  .fttifjjra  owi 

ods  }^iioiau  i»hh  its  8«vf 
-oto*T  G(fJ  lavo  oj»  oi  li5<id  &fd  «n  iu(»l  oak  oH’* 
a'ijcm  looq  n In  td):iti  Jaifj  baa  ^nift 

txoii  jiig  oV/  jiu  *jiJ  6i  byj  on  f>r,d  hjiu  f&Huod 

t^r/o  i^i;b 

fik^I  t>i#  8iiV/  oifvv;  efJiifOiiT  ^(f{{i(5l  ril 

*btf^  moil  f>/nio  ^i;-7('i9ai  A lo  ebuoh  ^ odi  ^MOf«« 
•lobliw  -jiij  /if  (>ui5  ^nhhii  d ,isii(qIoba 

.iuoi[yii;l/ lo  «60n 

-avno  >i  to  uoIti:  >i/h7  t)iO  iir  ^niviVioll 

b.'ta  '^aknol  io  aSl/i  »d»i  iii  anw  orf  jidif 

(jnrn  bun  dt^otO  ut  Snshihai  n bjiu  ,:>f8ffni 
ifJiv;’  frtiohnixyHbn.  yhao  kill  .boihui^  !n‘j 

iii  b jJitiojJji  Oil  ih'iuflo  sniT  utouuioiml^  »I:;'flI 
«fmrrqri  j^59iq  j*r^j/ifi//ij  y/fj  bonriblnoo  ,dtnov 
l>‘>mj.’i  lovfnq  xnlJijq  id  ^^rlT  .InjjiiwMo 

i!^  Oifj.bnu  otfi  IrtnwoS  oynl  ?»ii{ 

>-iil  lo  vctr.tt  odi  )u  :tonJ  &dj  lyy^od 

UIU(/)  otfl  tu  fiii5[<|K;i‘ ) fkodJrrui 

) 'b#  k'- 


144 


TEREA  MARLE. 


For  a time  he  was  zealous  in  the  observance 
of  rites,  but  before  long  questioned  their  propri- 
ety, and  at  length  bounded  over  to  the  Society, 
which  abnegated  all  ritualism.  He  emigrated 
to  Pennsylvania,  and  being  a lawyer  by  profes- 
sion, was  made  Master  of  the  Polls  and  Keeper 
of  the  Great  Seal  of  the  Colony,  and  subse- 
quently Mayor  of  the  City  of  Pliiladelphia. 

After  making  a religious  visit  to  Virginia,  he 
crossed  the  Potomac  at  Cedar  Point,  and  on 
arriving  in  Maryland,  was  politely  entertained 
by  William  Herbert,  a member  of  the  Church  of 
England,  and  then  went  to  Cool  Spring,^  where 
many  diseased  people  were,  on  account  of  the 
medicinal  qualiW  of  the  water,  and  he  preached 
to  them  in  a large  tobacco  house.  Peaching  the 
Patuxent  at  Benedict,  he  crossed,  and  visited 
Elizabeth  Hutchins,  at  the  Clitfs  of  Calvert. 
From  thence  he  proceeded  to  Samuel  Gallo- 
way’s,- at  the  Pidge,  whose  wife  was  the  only 
preacher  in  those  parts. 


* Among  the  early  laws  of  tbe  province,  is  “An  act  to  pur* 
chase  lanJs  ailjoining  the  fountains  of  healing  waters,  called 
the  Cool  Springs,  and  for  building  houses  for  the  entertainmeuL 
of  such  poor  and  impoient  persons  as  shall  repair  thitlier  for 

cure.’'  — "■  " ' 

- The  Galloways  came  to  Maryland  prior  to  ir>40.  Josejdi 
Shippen,  Secretary  of  Province  of  Pennsylvania,  married. 
Sept.  29,  170S,  Jane,  daughter  of  John  Gallo  way,  of  Ann 
.\rundel  Co.,  Maryland. 


s jocnooiJo  «'  guolfi'i.-:  ftcw  ad 

-hfunii  ItoitoifeoiSp  *««1  «olod.4Hd  .salit  V ■ 
violaoE  oiflotwo  ({Jgttol  .t** 

...ito-  ' 74  ■ia/-rftil  a !|rt}ad  hnc  ,B.na7ly,sii<ia  I 0* 

tn^-X  b«B  4ioS  odi  -10  «)e«M  »b««  .now 
Jli,?  Iwa  -.>mMo:3  arir  Jo  iaa<i  Wl  3o 

l.;,kiIoI>aHaJ  to  adJ  1o  •.ovlC 

o.i  mW?7  OJ  riJv  ..MoijiUa-i  c S<«n{am  < , 

uoW^Jnro‘1' i«W3  *«  aamoJo‘1  adJ 

ILinnJ^a;  v>ti.>,  ,b„.4oaM  .^rnu 

a-ia.fv. '.y<ti  .q?.  loo  > « Jr.7/  «»,b 
,.i!i  -u-,  ju.Kma  «o  olW- 

od  l'o«  ,-iaiaw  odi  'io  xldatip  la><«'i>Ofl 

o43  s,.uifo.»>l.  .a^iKvu  a?qal « f ^ 

b-.JiJi/  biif.  ,bf.>r.<>T..  ad  Jadwii-Ji  la  , 

na/laO  3o  aftilO  ad»  J«  .^>aiil'4uU  dlodi.si(a 

onnO  b..naa  oi 

Jao  aiU  *«v,  Ji-fl  a-odvr  odJ 


A-l^dliXl  lk4»A*' ^’><1 

t rirf/*  Ol  8YHV1<4I'#»0  *<t  JT  * 

,,,,«  L .01  a o»  I 

Ip>w»m  t ahA  Mftti 

,„A.  1.  ,x»-.juq  Hl.a.aA 


DISCUSSIOX  WITH  HALL. 


145 


On  tlic  tv.'enty-seventli  day  of  the  third  month, 
O.S.,  1699,  he  attended  yearly  meeting  at  West 
Kiver,  in  company  with  Dr.  Griffith  Owen,  of 
Philadelpjiia.’  On  the  thirtieth,  his  journal  tells 
us,  “came  one  Henry  Hall,  a priest  of  the 
Church  of  England,  and  with  others  of  his  no- 
tion, eaves-dropped  the  meeting,  hut  came  not 
in.’"’  Richard  Johns,  seizing  a proper  occasion, 
arose  and  pronounced  the  following  Catliolic 
confession  of  faith,  a slight  modiheation  of  the 
Apostles’  Creed: 

“We  believe  that  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  who 
was  horn  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  being  conceived 
by  the  promise  and  intluence  of  the  Holy  Ghost, 
is  the  true  Messiah  or  Saviour;  that  he  died 
upon  the  cro^s  at  Jerusalem,  a propitiation  and 
sacrifice  for  the  sins  of  all  mankind;  that  he 
rose  from  the  dead  on  the  third  day,  ascended, 
and  seated  on  the  right  hand  of  the  ^lajesty  on 
hiejh,  makiim-  intercession  for  us;  and  in  the  fulL 
ness  of  time  shall  come  to  judge  both  the  living 
and  the  dead,  and  reward  all  according  to  their 
work.” 

The  priest  dissatisfied,  went  offi,  but  came  the 
next  day  and  eaves-dropped. 

“My  companion,  in  his  testimony,  apprehend- 


' Dr.  Griffith  Owen  was  much  heloved  by  Penn.  In  his  let- 
ters lie  calls  him  “ temler  Gritlith  Owen.”  He  was  skillful  in 
h;s  I'rolV'-iio?).  uiv\  die.'I  much  lamemed,  in  1717. 

13 


0^-1 . " " ■ . ' ■■■'■  ‘^x  ■-  f -/xi 

. I 1 

- • * ,•  . , -i  •'* 

Iv' ai|j  1 

-:^:^x//'  •<";?;  vi'tjry/  srJ  | 

!:•  ..■■y.r/i'O  /'■■  L / : r : /r  v !</::«  f;i’i<  ni  i 

X rr;t,’:r:'  X?  \'  . ' , > ^»;iij(]{ojXiifidM_  ;; 

O'  ' ;;,v>J  ..(  „1I(;<(  -rU*M  I orfO  •«»  ; ^ ,, 

•"•  ■■'I  lii? . . ‘io  jfl‘'nni!'>  . ■ ; ■ 

■''••'?  • ■ Tr-.i  *0'^  ,)'i;jiiJO-'»£n'  :>/[.;  /fIj--';'> ‘/r:>  ,:''>u 

' '■  ’ h'Ttiiioill  "mi  '? 

■ 'j:it  ]:JO*>nnoi bfl/;  "'i?  '-  1 

•'■•‘.i  ■ '•  O';',  ■otiocoi  Si  rfi*fS{f  ‘i'J  ■•| 

•'!■■.;  frii.‘.'*|..  I>t:..1  ‘a'h  'tfiflt  i^'W  '"■ 

■ - 

• / • '-::'y’^(i  yri  I ' [ i!!^TrV  <j{[t  *Kv  inod  »iiv; 

I'ufi  iv'uj  o^-ho'o-of  oii3  Tif  •'■■-•''!  '■  ' 

' ■ !.-.:(i  : 'Tro.iiv,:;'-';  ';> v d;i,v.-iv‘i/  o'lnf  «f  "'  \ ’ J 

i'  o;  'i  o;''>j:  ,i:;  o i.  ■..-....i'?  ^ ' 'O' 

V-  '.1  ■<.1  'rjt  ri;nf,  Vvl 

.'•  X ' ' ^ ■ 0 ':!)  -;.^o  no-  }ji',oU  '..{ft  irio'it  ■o^jn  ' X'*' 

' ■ '■  ' ' ^'>!/;(!  of'pj'i  !>ifl  ao  fo';i  ;':j 

.'  V O'  O'r’  ,)?*V  :;f  ' tJ 

M ,!  o.  ; :’■■  'I  -.tOMl  'io  ''-vJ  '.  '4 

■'  ' ■■  ' ' :-i  O ■ ' ■'  ■ : \,'  ' / O';  ii,.',  ,'0;vi;  oJ : buf:  X'X 

■'■  , : ■ '■  / ,0  o:>;.  O::o‘5'‘|  ‘jU  I , -o;-^^ 

• i/  ':;'0  ‘'■■j,'-.  ,:;0:  V/^Ul  . 'j 


■J.;r:n  ■ ,v>v.'-  ^;o■.i^oX  .oj  » 

:',0:/>v>  'i ., I.I--  J.  • aj0{  - 'J  \-y}i 


•4 


140 


TERRA  MAR  EE. 


iiig  they  were  within  hearing,”  continues  Story, 
“cried  aloud  to  them  to  come  forth  out  of  their 
holes,  and  appear  openly  like  men,  and  if  they 
had  anything  to  say  after  meeting  was  over,  they 
should  be  heard.” 

Story  then  publicly  challenged  them  to  prove 
their  call  to  the  ministry,  “which  they  taking 
upon  them  to  do,  only  told  us  that  Christ  called 
apostles,  and  they  ordained  others,  and  they 
again  others  in  succession  to  that  time.” 

“ Then  I called  for  their  proof  who  they  were 
that  the  apostles  ordained,  and  who  from  age  to 
age  successors  ordained,  wherein  if  they  justly 
failed  they  were  to  be  rejected  as  no  ministers  of 
Christ,  since  they  had  rested  the  matter  on  such 
a succession. 

“Many  of  the  people  seeing  their  ignorance 
said:  ‘"We’d  pay  you  the  tobacco,  being  obliged 
by  law,  that  is  forty  pounds  of  tobacco  for  every 
negro  slave,  but  we  will  never  hear  you  more.’ 

“ While  we  were  yet  in  the  gallery  one  climbed 
up  into  a window,  and  cried  out  with  a loud 
voice  to  Henry  Hall,  ‘Sir,  you  have  broken  a 
canon  of  the  Church,  you  have  baptized  several 
negroes,  who,  being  intidels,  baptism  ought  not 
to  have  been  administered  to  tlieni.’^ 


^ In  17Uj  the  Assembly  enacted  the  following  law:  “ Foras- 
much as  many  ]>eop1e  have  neglected  to  bafuize  their  negroes, 
or  to  sutler  them  to  be  hajitized,  on  .a  vague  ap[)reiiension  that 


R|||  , ,;.si;^5vt.\ii^  '^’'  '.iSi-rv 

,71048  »&tf)iir«09  .'',i%(ihi5aji  rt{difW'0«W  rofft 
g.  ihd)  lol'jo  dnoi  s;ao»  ©4  «!9iif  oi-ftjtoln  tei-w** 

I 79f!J  li  &n«  ,rtorn  odH  vlnj<40  iftsqqa  tma  .ealori 

I yorfj  r.ft>w  •3niJ&‘>m  niis  rm  ot  ■giiidirrm  bed  . 
1"  bi 

I 05^  n't'^rf^  b^^n^ikd‘}  xkilchfq 

I-"  .itj.jblol  ^luo  «ob  oi  /T^^►4^^  ao<(o  ' 

^ XO'd^  d}u&'  ^isVMifo  iv)(i!{ih70  x^di  b/t^  ,fjoli*^oq£t 

. {wih^ooifp^tti  tiodio  ' 

I ifodj  oiiw  too’Ki  'iol  1 ** 

4 ot  ftioii  otiv/  bftii  ^]>yftkbto  »t>Bftoqc  i^dt 

i ..  : •.  1'i  0io**i'9Ji'w  ^.bfvin^dnO 

^ L >rt‘}lpJiiii(j  Off  <^o  od  ot  0*row  ^t?dt  b^^liai 

ii'iUH  no  jhihim  oih  fv^iw  ye^dt  od^uh  ^jehilO 

.,  :•'  ■■;-->  '■■  ';n,.'-'rj^;:v,;(;  *4' 

ooninoii^i  Troilt  ^nis»s  »dt  lo 

ho^ildo  ^fifdd  ,4>oWot  0(it  m>T  xnq  H'a7f  * :bfis^ 

I y;j07*i  ‘^fJ^  crjo/idos  'to  ;=bftno<t  7><dt  »i  tiub  <waI  rd 
I MOV  mod  10  /011  Hiw  9w  imf  ,070k  ot^aa 

I jv>dnrib  etio  ‘>dt  ui  bv  oiov/  07/  olf(f7/ ** 

Ivffol  jFi  dtiv/  tifO  l>oho  bfw  (7/obniw  u otoi  qo 
4;  n>yloi<r'07ni{  mv(^  dbdl  rtnoIT  ot  eoio7 

' [ UiV}r*»a  I>osilqr;d  ovnd  ow  rdmuO  arfj  lo  ooitfio 
t(uj  td^^no  ■j^fiiod  ,/>dv/  ,iH,oOT^ow 

;'  ■ ’ , . *^iT{0i{,t'-ot  ■hoioteiiiioikM'OOod  ovrilkot 


•'(>,j»'io’5  “ '/J4mm*L  «<0  r.lTC  ,*f|7 

•r  ,M  t>i>|aitv  it  iu,  j-rvitiwi  »4  <yj  <0 


BAPTISM  OF  SLAVES. 


147 


“At  this  the  priest  was  enraged,  hut  made  no 
answer  to  the  charge,  only  fumed  and  fretted, 
and  threatened  the  man  to  trounce  him.  Then 
I observed  to  the  people,  that  if  these  negroes 
were  made  Christians  in  this  sense,  members  of 
Christ,  children  of  God,  inheritors  of  the  King- 
dom of  ITcaven,  received  into  the  body  of  the 
Church  of  Christ,  as  the. language  is  at  the  time 
of  sprinkling,  how  could  they  now  detain  them 
longer  as  slaves  ? 

“ Several  justices  of  the  peace  being  ashamed  of 
their  priest,  slid  out  of  the  meeting  as  unobserv- 
able as  might  be,  and  the  people  in  general  con- 
temned them  as  such,  who  behind  the  back  of 
the  Quakers  had  greatly  reproached  and  belied 
them,  but  face  to  face  Avere  utterly  subdued  by 
them.  That  night  several  of  the  justices,  lodging 
with  our  friend  Samuel  Chew,  expressed  their 
sentiments  altogether  in  our  favor,  and  that  the 
[)riests  were  really  ignorant  men  in  matters  of 
religion.” 

At  a later  period  Story  made  a tour  on  the 
Eastern  Shore  with  Edward  Shipperd  and  Avife, 

ucgroes  by  receiving  sacrament  of  baptism  are  manumitted  or 
set  free ; 

“ Be  it  hereby  further  declared  and  enacted,  that  no  negro, 
or  negroes,  by  receiving  the  holy  sacrament  of  baptism  is  there- 
by inatiumitled  or  set  free,  nor  hath  any  right  or  title  to  manu- 
nd'^ion  more  than  he  or  they  had  before,  any  law,  usage,  or 
ce.'iniii.  tf  tho  contrary  notAvith^fauding.'’ 

* K'iward  Shippen  came  to  Boston  in  IbTo,  and  was  whipped 


w - i 


Xl\  ■ • ■ vf  i..-  ' ’ /'-r^ 

0«  i>rriiJT  t'ijii  ’-'•Ai'N  '>lf}  jA'* 

ftomij}  vl;r>  Oilt  a)  i>v,'^iUv 

,i:>i'IT  -niiJ' •>&nr/OTt'  ••.'.•■i  i‘ /ifO/n/nfJ  h«« 
H 1.f>t!;  , .»['[<.  ‘I  6>1j?  *'*.f  i -‘iV'l'JioJo*  1 
;.;ir:-f;!0  0107/ 

),>i  > ;?o  fj.riIJijfu  ,UnHO 
•5^  to  4kh^I  odi  01/11  l - ,';o7i.:^ir  to  md» 

M‘r'tJ  '•  i‘  m :<?  ;■  ‘ sfi  /i  viotli) 

^ v^o:j  v/'  W Muo^  v/c^l  ,i^nil>(i/nqh  'lu 

? ?r.  6ii 

']«» i:-  ;:;.7i(v' ^nio/'l  7i>r*jq  7r!t’t«>  Ib'iovo8 *‘ 

•>:[)  to  oro  l>if^  ,t?;f>i'Tq  ih/it 
-;io‘>  bn  HT7X  <A  i'Oli  /jd  Irfi'bn  au  olcbi 

'U.  y[’n:d  o/i7/  .ihu^  itrnh.  lni\iw*jt 

I>'-^ilv(!  bir''  I vltri$'5‘2  bj.'f 

'■td  ; Tw ' •;  *}V.>yt  oyiil  •■••t  1rt<.^ 

ivboi  to  Irno';*’'.'-  ■‘'f  '.'fi'i  h:ii  I nui>fn 

•Ti'./ifr  h'  /nbn  ) hiumy<  un-mi  ‘ii.ro  dJr/i 

•:v\^  i'  (it  bljj;  .‘M-'Vfjt  MOO  ni  T>fit'0.';' ')!o.  <UV/l(Uii\'>h 
'io  r-.r.itintn  ni  U‘?of  lairrotriji  Ab.'ji 

oiii  no  iiioj  B obnffi  ‘rro;^.  i >t/if  <i 

bni';  lym'^l'd  dliv/  9’Toxl^i  irrOnuH 

T^Vfn-  riM.mirtn  a-riy  V>  ^avth^^i  xU  k90tx''* 

■-•  ■■'"■  ■'■  ,.'  •■  Jd'j-*'!  > 

Jy';lt  f/irh  I‘ 

')  iu<i5  .'•  •>  ■?  > vi  ^{.(u-^fVDO'T  y/1 

•it;jr.jn  <0  ‘Oj.’J  lo  )*5’?j;  t vifi.'.  li.',  /i  iv'J 

•fo  f'l  vi-'-ii 

.r»r"’’',.:  : w ;.■  yji.'tUu*’*  i>«l/  *•! 

1 ««w  >>♦''  ‘i  uaii-riM  <>i  'ra**.-  ':•■>  ; (*;•'<  i -ifi/fl  -l 


to  ^ 'f'O  ^ OMO  r't  .V  i*0<  rllh  0; 

-nori/li  OH  I J 


148 


TERBA  MAREE. 


Samuel  Carpenter,^  Isaac  I^orris,‘  and  Griffith 
Owen.  At  Little  Choptank  he  had  a public  dis- 
cussion with  a minister  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, and  from  thence  to  Edward  Eisher’s,  at 
Xanticoke,  where  the  King’s  attorney  disputed 
with  him.  Crossing  at  a ferry  on  the  Pocomoke, 
the  party  arrived  at  widow  Mary  Johnson’s,  on 


for  bis  opinions  on  the  Common,  and  then  moved  to  Philadel- 
phia. His  last  wife  was  Anna  Francina,  daughter  of  Matthias 
Variderheyden,  near  Bohemia  River,  Md.  In  1706  his  daugh- 
ter, Anna,  was  married  to  Thomas  Story. 

Gabriel  Tlionias,  in  an  account  of  the  Province  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, published  at  London,  in  1698,  says  : 

“Edward  Slupj»ey  has  an  orchard  and  gardens  adjoining  his 
great  house  that  equalize  any  I have  ever  seen,  having  a very 
pleasant  and  famous  summer-house  erected  in  the  middle  of  his 
garden,  abounding  with  tulips,  pinks,  carnations,  roses,  lilies, 
not  to  mention  those  that  grew  wild  in  the  fields.’’  Tradition 
says  he  was  distinguished  for  three  things,  “being  the  biggest 
man,  and  having  the  biggest  house,  and  the  biggest  carriage  in 
the  place.”  llis  grandson  was  Chief  Justice  of  Pennsylvania, 
whose  daughter  wrecked  herself,  by  marrying  the  traitor  Bene- 
dict Arnold. 

An  Edward  Snippen,  one  of  his  descendants,  appears  in  the 
last  Naval  Register  as  a surgeon  U.  S.  N. 

* Samuel  Carpenter  was  considered  the  wealthiest  man  in  the 
city.  He  built  the  house  that  William  Penn  occupied  when  he 
visited  the  province,  and  is  still  standing,  on  Second  above 
Walnut  Street.  He  was  Treasurer  of  the  province,  and  died  in 
17i:3. 

* Isaac  Norris  was  Chief  Justice  of  the  Province  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  his  house  and  garden  occupied  the  ground  on  Chest- 
nut and  Fifth  Streets,  now  occupied  by  the  U.  S.  Custom-house, 
Post-oiiioe,  and  riiiludel phia  Library. 


I-  ks^^^aTf'"'  ' ' 8*-r 

, ■ ■ -;■■  ■ ••  . '•  •■•nl 

f tfithi'iO  fjcift  forJrfTtt8 

-?f|)  Qi  I d rirf  si  hnd  .4H  D efifitl ,)  A .m  nO 

“ .^aSL  Jo  fi'nrrdO  ^dt  Jo  iWm  noi^^aa 

■pi  in  (8’-io/f*i{'^i  brd  oj  imnJ  ban  ^bnnl 

b^iinq^jf)  otiJ  oiyifv/  ^$4ooiifrttTl 

dffi  no  ywi  i;  in  ^ftiV^onfO  .anii  diiv/ 
ao  t©-n08fifiol  v/obr^r  in  bo^rviu  ^JT«q  9iir 


-?9bii!lrf'l  ot  fiivotH  fto/lt  b»4  ,aororooO  9di  '^c  f^.aolalqo  «id  'ti}\, 
{ri»iri>}i5i/.  lo  ^uahan^'i  j»ft/rA  Mt?  jllb,  I'dM  tiH 

• a}  sbif.  ftjui'jdali  ^M^bx^ili^biraY 

t»/im0dT  0i  unw  tunaiK 

I-^?!nc0*l  liv>  >0Jtj 701*1  **iit  ^0  UiWf'>9Jn  flt#  ni  ,?iuOrtiiT  f*»*TdaO 
*!  >},  .4:  tv,  • ifv^Rs  jii  ,n<>bau.I  ><i 

IWfft  b »*id7l0  ITi!  RRlf 

54  # ^rtivirii  •*«▼&  9Vi-,(l  J ^tje  9sUnvp&  i*d),  &«uo^ 

hJil  "io  sfbbiitt  9'(j  <oi  i'9h*i>19  RiJOIttfil  b«U 

,«9HiI  <,8-3eoi  ♦»rtoar.«-»R0  ,9daf<|  .liicirlw)  dijw  jjmUaiiOMdla  .n^biag 

ijuJiibinT  ”.«f>Ioh  ot()  ai  hUn  wo?5  i^dj  a^iinont  oJ  lofl 
J8'*3}5i<l  odT  ^ni^d  .f'Tinidr  &oidt  bdJiiiMnailnifi  9d 
itJ  9di  ti«4>  lt«/gKid  tub  ^cslvad  baa  ,oaui 

,ai£i8?f'^Hatfd*r  To  o:»U«ol.  Toiii'J  ^:«7<  itOiiJjitatj  Rill  '‘.iKHti^  tl^^ 
toJiirti  ftilT  ,Tb»*»9d  foorfo'.i-j'ir  ^ahi^at^b  9*^dw 

.tfouiA  }»it> 

9/U  nl  .-iiuihu'yj^H^h  «}d  awio  ,a5<pi[ifl8  bra/rljM  a/. 

.K  Ji  ,tj  <ioo'!^iuit  a ^4  i«»}4ri59jl  latraJJ  J*aI 
odJ  ai  m;«j  adi  Imol-i^uvo  i»ti|if«.3  ‘ 

a«»l  <MfltHnf  |Rili  9Kuoji  »di  jHiid  »U 
»TOd*  W998  iifo  ilt)«  ai  brt*  ^,99«hoK<j[  o^li 

m b<»ib  IwTA  ,9o«i  /<TJu  9iii  1()  wt^-RViT  esir  ^11  itmfaVf 

"lo  9^<if7ol'l  9d)  lo  ioidO  aittaW  * 

-JtrodO  ao  i'i?  1/013  9/4 » hji  j-aa  a^iaod  aril 

,#»fod*inoi*'»i’)  .5S^ - i *>df  7d  vvv  w<>0  drti'i  in«  am 

.o#'iJU  him  ^9oiti<9-iHO*{ 


STORY  VISITS  EASTERN  SHORE.  140 


Muddy  Creek,  and  on  the  next  first  day  of  the 
week  there  was  preaching  to  a large  congrega- 
tion in  the  meeting-house.  That  night  they  all 
rode  to  the  house  of  Thomas  Fooks,^  at  Onan- 
cock,  in  Accomac  County,  Virginia,  and  the 
next  mornino*  started  for  l!^aswadox  Creek,“ 
twenty-five  miles  below,  in  iSTorthampton,  and 
had  a large  meeting  at  the  meeting-house. 

Returning  to  Muddy  Creek,  they  rode  from 
there  to  George  Truitt’s,^  in  Maryland,  where 
they  stay^ed  and  held  a meeting;  then  went  to 
Walter  Lane’s,  fifteen  miles^ofi*,  where  the  meet- 
ing was  small,  a court  being  held  at  the  same 
time. 

Xext  they  were  at  Thomas  Evernden’s,  at 
‘‘Anomessicks,”  where  they  remained  two  days, 
and  on  the  fourth  day  of  the  sixth  month  they 
came  to  Richard  Waters’s,  where  the  meeting 
“was  hard  and  dry.*’  Then  proceeding  to  the 
bay,  one  of  their  number  took  a sloop  for  the 


* Francis  Makemie,  the  Presbyterian  clergyman  in  the  early 
days  of  the  colony,  used  to  preach  at  the  house  of  Thomas 
Fooks. 

- Naswadox  was  the  residence  of  the  Browns  and  Upshurs, 
Quakers,  the  ancestors  of  Abel  P.  Upshur,  once  Secretary  of  the 
Navy. 

George  Keith,,  in  1701,  published  “An  Occasional  Conference 
with  Thomas  Upshare.’’ 

^ George  Truitt’s  was  probably  near  Snow  Hill.  There  still 
exi.'is  an  old  Quaker  grave-yard  about  five  miles  above  tliat 
place,  on  the  road  that  leads  to  Berlin. 

13* 


im^  -- : :iv 

^>if^'!o  Yi$l>  imh  17M  -Hit  m>  l>fu:  ^5l<isiD 

.g^o-<v;T09  O'^iUrA  ,i>t  aw;,otsd^‘-2l£>^i>w,; 

i!::  v'.  jjt  jj’jiiiT  '.i^sfrr  oift  ni  aoil 

-i!jU:<)  ■•':  ,>'yloo’'j  • JCg.iJ’  'to  f>Wod  OiiJ  O)  ftboT 

iiih  Hi!  , u;/a('ini  / Oai:;''OOoA  !?|  ,>1001) 

yola'.-.v  ■.*;  '■":.  a;:.  i.aru,t.v  •yr:nrK*/n  txoa 

V'."  lu  , ■.'<..!■  ^ol.ui  i»7it-7inov/j 

■aia.!:  ' -.''f  ''/S:’,  J/.;  .floras  r,  fmii 

• '''  - ■’ ■ ;'<■)•{  r-;'g  ! ,5 '‘’i ' ) ■/ 1 ' 1. ' i ! 1 '1  < ■ ;■  'i^rfni : rrr*,3. 

a :■  'r-ioj}}  <>j 

*'-i  ' ' .T  >■;  f>vjg  yfnU 

- '-'■  • ■*'?•.•-•■'•'  ■•'.aa*  >'7onii  ■■.;;.■■  I iMioV/ 

* ■'  - .i • ' 0 ' 1 7..J V ..‘1.  ■■•  y ; ■ ; I '..  1 1 i J.-'u  vf yu/'i ; i'XyX. 

. V_g,!’  I,  "•'■^  '■/‘.■ji)  '.V/OOV/ 

/“■>.]?  ,:Ti!(':is  i!*:-!;;  .J]  tc;  yi'A  ''!  ‘>if)  a'C* 

';^;nnao.:!  -rr.-.-  . ■ .,•.  >••  r.'/  oj  oaigv  ' 


i -a'j)  !■ .’ 


■ :-//  jAi  ' 

■ ’,1  I ' evj.it 


■ ■*  ■'/>’<  » ■ ; ' . ■'-■  . V V fr.y  • 


;(• 


150 


TERBA  MARLE. 


Western  Shore,  and  the  rest  rode  thirty  nailes  to 
George  Truitt’s.  The  next  day  a journey  of 
thirty-tive  miles  was  made  to  Cedar  Creek,  and 
the  followino;  mornino:  crossed  the  inlet  at  At- 
kinson’s,  saving  seven  miles,  and  reached  Lewes 
in  the  ev’cning,  and  visited  William  Clarke, Mvho 
scave  out  notice  for  a meeting  on  the  next  day. 

In  1702  Samuel  Bownas,  of  England,  the 
father-in-law  of  Joshua  jS^icholson,  arrived  at  the 
Patuxent,  on  the  twenty-ninth  day  of  the  tiftli 
month,  O.S.,  and  attended  yearly  meeting  at 
West  Piver. 

This  meeting  had  become  one  of  the  estab- 
lished institutions  of  the  colony,  and  its  annual 
occurrence  was  eagerly  looked  for  by  all  classes 
and  conditions  of  societv.  Young  men  from  all 
parts  of  the  colony  Hocked  tliitlier  with  tine 
horses  to  compare  them,  and  give  a trial  of  their 
speed ; others  came  to  look  at  the  beautiful  and 
pure-minded  maidens,  who  in  their  plain  drab 
silks  and  scooped  bonnets,  were  only  the  more 
lovely  in  the  eyes  of  their  admirers. 

- Families  from  ditferent  counties,  rolled  there 
in  their  carriages,  for  the  purpose  of  social  re- 
unions; and  merchants  of  the  province  came  to 
make  their  bargains  and  contracts  for  the  year. 

^ William  Clarke  was  a lawyer,  and  afterward  moved  to  Pliila- 
delphia,  and  built  an  expensive  house,  called  Clarke’s  Hall, 
which  stood  on  the  site  of  the  Cirard  Hank,  nearly  opposite  the 
rhiladelphia  Kxchauge. 


'if.  K5V«'A,t. 


■’J%% 


oer 


Oj  vtjixi't  i>i>0*!  iirtfj  insj89  // 

^os'^sjnpoj.  «' 0ilT  .a'Dimr  sj^ogO 
f>nK  ,313910 ol  9b»rri  aiWBolim  o't’A-\nhli  ■ 

-Tk  l&  t&mi  Bii)  I'teiOJ'J  ^ijirnom  ^giiwlloi  9ilt 
8Gv?‘jJ  feoifosa-i  bfTB  ,J59tirn  o»'m 'gar/M. .a’ooeaijl 
orf-ff  ^9^3^10  imiilJnV  I»tt»i7  fcifft  .^tiinovo  9tii  ui 
,.T{il>.^3fc't^0  »o  ii  Ttoli  ik>'d’0n  trj'O^vft^ 

9f[j  'to  ,>.strwoa.  hffftiaa  £0T1  iit 

r>dt  ill  t>9  4'i'iii  ,(joi:ti>f{vi4  fiuifbol  lo  w«l-ni-i9<i)fl^ 
tlrtii  Grfs  ‘to  v.i:f>  iIJiTta-'/ifi'i'fff  8rf1  no  .iiioxaJaO- 

tft  ’"ftitGOxn  vI’fJJG’/  huM  ,.<^.0  ,d^oo0i 

^ naW 

-<1k;  ;9  sHj;  "io  siio  enTOwd  bud  5j(f{J'>s*ni  siii  r 

9f{}  to  enoiJaJiJMtit  toifai! 
f.'iftnish  ii<*  id  f>9dooi  '/fTOT^riO  *81’’  OOnOTIIiaOO 
lift  moii  tt'JHtt  a.iTOoY  .Tiafw  to  snoWHuio-j  hnn 
•jdft  dliw  TJiiiiilt  L9d-»lt  vftolo')  ori3  to  Wi«'f 
thili  to.  l8hi  8 •>■/«,  bB«  an«<jmoo  oi  8?«ioi{ 
foiiu  oiH  18  >Jf>oI  ('1  9n!89  madto  {bioq* 

dfi-il.  fitdlq  -Ji'-fdt  ili  odi/  ,8ii'>t»i8in  boiMitOT-o-inq 
■MO«(I  9dl  lino  9-.9-»  ,8t9tn.od  b9.1O09«  b«8  «di.8 
.wnimijfl  Ibil)  'io  «9t.9  oAt  jiI  vhvol 
oioiH  b'liticn  ,*‘i'it»iiO'.>  Hi<ri1  aoitimn'i  ■ 

*.9'i  ijiiaoa  to  9!-.o.ri»1  .l«ft.,e9X«hiia)^  wdJ-iii. 

03  »ma9  oonivoiq  oiitoJo  %tnidi>Tj«i  biw  ;eiiOwa 

.-i««.V  htu;  aniuK»«* 


.n«ii  v»k«»o  i.'rfi.*  ••  “ 


YEARLY  MEETING  IX  3fARYLAXD.  151 


It  being  near  Whitsuntide,  the  black  slaves 
flocked  there  to  enjoy  rest  from  the  hardships  of 
a tobacco  plantation,  for  a few  days.  Edmuiid- 
son  well  observed:  ‘^Yearly  meeting  in  Mary- 
land, many  people  resort  to  it,  and  transact  a 
deal  of  trade  with  one  another,  so  that  it  is  a 
kind  of  market  or  ’change,  where  the  captains 
of  ships,  and  the  planters  meet  and  settle  their 
affairs,  and  this  draws  abundance  of  people.’* 
The  crowds  became  so  great  in  time,  that  it 
was  necessary  to  check  the  evil,  and  protect  the 
quiet  Friends  by  legislation.* 


In  1725  a protective  law  was  enacted,  with  the  following 
preamble : 

“Whereas,  it  is  humbly  represented  to  this  General  Assem- 
bly, by  the  people  culled  Quakers,  that  sundry  persons  set  up 
booths,  and  sell  drinks  and  other  things  near  their  yearly  meet- 
ings, whereby  their  places  which  were  by  them  intended  and 
used  as  places  of  solemn  worship  are  converted  into  places  of 
traffic,  debauchery,  and  immorality,  to  their  very  great  di'^- 
turbance  in  the  exercise  of  their  religion  and  worship  of  God. 
and  forasmuch  as  the  several  methods  used  for  the  suppression 
of  such  irregularities  have  proved  altogether  insufficient,  it  is 
humbly  prayed  that  it  may  be  enacted.” 

In  1747  they  again  petitioned  that,  notwithstanding  the  ex- 
isting laws,  “they,  as  well  as  those  of  other  persuasions  who 
resort  to  their  yearly  meetings,  labor  under  and  suffer  many 
inconveniences  from  the  great  concourse  of  idle  and  p^rolligate 
white  people,  and  great  crowds  of  negroes,  that  assembie 
together  at  the  usual  times  of  their  yearly  meetings,  held  at 
their  meeting-houses,  drinking  to  excess,  and  behaving  in  a 
rude  and  turbulent  marmer,  at  booths  and  other  ]daces  wh'-re 
strong  and  spirituous  drinks  cuu  be  had,  and  that  they  iiave  tor 


I 


, ’■-  ' -'■  ' "'  ■■  ';■'  k 

' 9k  . ■ [ 

»<*^>7i5:b  if^aW  wn  :^iilif<i  il  ( 

|.  ^l>t.  ho^fooff 

S fmnrnfM  .r/^i.»  vrt>*i  f;  loli  a r''^;>!'^l 

-’(^lisM  HI  : f>cm^Bdo  Ifovf  aos  1 

I jt  fM4A  ftr  oi  Jho.^">‘i  !5l/xof><i  ,i>«i4if  ; 

I 41  8?  ii  08  ^Tsdlofut  ^i!0  ilfh/  of‘int  1to  I nob 

V '*u?iinxnr>  *3(1  i otoiiw 7o  io:i‘incn  lo  halil 
Z i,  /'  ,/kvily1dhittb:  bifG  ^iohn:b|  bno  lo  • •.^ 

I 1o  OoJ5nbijf.Hl«  8v/n*d)  ftnU  Imia  . ^ 

f ji  Suff  ,&utb  iii  laoix  <5?j  dmfiooj  fibwono  odT 
I oih  iooicnq  bn 45  ^Jh'o  r*ai  ol '?o/:«80oea  dfi*;r  - I 

I ‘.noilnlai^gof  teiop  * 


I jniT/Qliul  ©il‘  /(lire  wi?r«ti)od>oiq[  •.  c^7i  «l  * 

; ia'i?p»i()  l»aJnr»«oi*j>i  xMrnud  ii  J(  , 

qtt  J»f  Jjudt  baiiiva  alfijoaq  oiti  -^J  ^^tet 

'**''‘^5  bttjK  Haa  bait  ,tHtottijl 

ba«  i<vb«a»fl^  <«atlj  vff  »i»ir  i4.*)3rfTtw  ifarf)  Y<b*i*i4vf  ; 

lo  t9o«Jq  otor,  i ;khyf  no^  »i*  q/difaw  fun^foi  lo  a> Wq  aa  b-wi# 

♦)»3U  )/•  q-iav  Tii'jfii?  oi  bnc  ,i(,wibM«<<ab  _ *7’ 

,Im»'>  \m  qhb».^f>s/  biiA  n6ij|i(aT  T/arli  td  *rfl  ui  vaqjwitwi  ^ 

, noi'*»a^q.jrl?•  &th  i t L^f;u  '-bcdi»m  sH)  CA  d'>«m*Ani>1  boa  - • 

fci  ii  ,tft^hi(iu*.ni  ttr/c^Kj  ovaif  ta^JhalasoiTl  dao«  1io  * 

‘‘Jbabiuta  TKf  ^^  ^*“**  .,u 

-/T  otlj  {s^oibiKAiiedliv^Mi  ,)««h  T4tl  itl  , -t 

otfiw  trf<»l»/iu!i‘iryq  iofU«>  »iB  How  ««  ,tiral  ^nim 

I vjji  T^Hoa  bflr,  Tvbftu  ’lotj/ij  «*)■?;  tfadt  o)  boaat 

’j' b*3«!  o<?»«^3fi'  ''5'3n*Tj|  .arfl'  iBio'r'j  ‘ 

ablmyvK^t  fiidir  1o  J/rHig  fniiji  ,jtb]0!>q 

»«  bbd  'tj«>tfJ  w »*^^b  IftnaJJ  adl  4a 

a OP  boa  or  tfodJ 

*~jv«rq  i-^d***  tedjiukd  iw  ,f;'j»nuaai  4<v>iu(lYH)  f‘>^«  alutt 
, *>o!  IV.  .'  •^vilJ  iaxit  5>an  ,fcad  ^,v>iinb  awoois 304.^  bn^i 


152 


TERRA  MARIJ^:. 


As  settlemeBts  were  few,  Edmundson  neces- 
sarily traveled  over  the  same  route  as  his  prede- 
cessors. 

The  historian  is  under  obligation  to  him,  for 
preserving  an  account  of  the  Society  of  the  fol- 
lowers of  Lahadie,^  whicli  once  existed  on  the 
banks  of  Chester  River.  Early  in  August,  1702, 
with  a companion,  he  visited  the  settlement, 
and  was  courteously  treatecT. 

‘‘When  supper  came  in,  it  was  placed  upon  a 
long  table  in  a large  room,  where,  when  all 
things  were  read}’,  about  twenty  men  or  upwards 
came  in  at  a call,  but  no  women. 

“ AYe  all  sat  down,  they  placing  me  and  my 
companion  near  the  head  of  the  table,  and  hav- 
ing paused  a short  space,  one  pulled  off  his  hat, 


some  years  been  put  to  very  great  inconvenience,  and  endan- 
gered in  passing  and  repassing  to  and  from  their  said  meeting- 
house in  Talbot  County,  by  multitudes  of  rude  and  disorderly 
people,  that  gather  together  to  run  horse-races,  on  the  road  be- 
tween Talbot  meeting-house  and  Thirdhaven  Creek,  near  a" 
place  called  New  Market.” 

The  petition  was  answered  by  an  enactment  forbidding  any 
one,  during  yearly  meetings,  to  race  horses  within  live  miles  of 
the  meeting-houses  at  M'est  River  and  in  Talbot  County. 

^ Jean  de  Labadie  was  born  in  IblO,  and  was  a Jesuit.  Tn 
IGoO  he  became  a Protestant,  and  settled  at  Montauban.  He 
then  went  to  Geneva,  and  in  IGGG  was  invited  to  .Middleburg, 
Holland,  and  the  princess  palatine,  Elizabeth,  became  one  of 
his  followers.  For  his  mysticism,  he  was  deposed  by  the 
Synod  of  Naarden,  tind  he  then  founded  the  sect  known  as 
Libadi>ts. 


THE  LABADISTS, 


153 


but  not  the  rest  till  a short  space  after;  and  then 
one  after  another  tliey  all  pulled  their  hats  otf, 
and  as  that  occurred  sat  silent,  uttered  no  words 
that  we  could  hear  for  half  or  quarter  of  an  hour; 
and  as  they  did  not  uncover  at  once,  so  did  they 
neither  cover  again  at  once,  hut  as  they  put  on 
their  hats  fell  to  eating,  not  regarding  those  who 
were  still  uncovered,  so  that  it  might  he  two 
minutes’  time  or  more  between  the  first  and  last 
putting  ofi*  their  hats. 

I afterward  queried  with  my  companion  con- 
cerning the  reason  of  their  conduct,  and  he  gave 
for  this  answer  that  they  held  it  unlawful  to  pray, 
till  they  felt  some  inward  motive  for  the  pur- 
pose, and  that  secret  prayer  was  more  acceptable 
than  to  utter  words.  I likewise  queried  if  they 
had  no  women  among  them.  lie  told  me  they 
had,  but  the  women  all  by  themselves ; having 
all  things  in  common  respecting  their  household 
affairs,  so  that  none  could  claim  any  more  right 
than  another  to  any  part  of  the  stock ; all  men, 
whether  rich  or  poor,  must  put  what  they  had  in 
the  common  stock,  and  likewise  if  they  had  a 
mind  to  leave,  they  must  go  out  empty-handed. 

“ They  frequently  expound  the  Scriptures 
among  themselves;  and  being  a very  large  fam- 
ily, in  all  upward  of  one  hundred  men,  women, 
and  children,  they  carried  on  the  manufacturing 
of  linen,  and  had  a very  large  plantation  of  corn, 
tobacco,  fax,  and  hciri}>,  together  with  cattle  of 
several  kinds.” 


hill?  arf?t  ton  tucF 

^^lio  fttfii  -notit  llii  Ta4t  t-Si/ftbffjj  9*10 

eimw::o«  bwnff  tfn  frn'iuooo  Uili  ?>fi  hu& 

;ijioxi  m%'^  -lomufi^  lo  'tk'if  fol  xeed  bfnoo  ov/  Icdt 
Y^rft  bib  o»  ^ODflK)  in  wny'tw  ton  bib  \^'dt  m bun 

XTO  &u  in  /(k^i 

Off  /'  Ion  oi  fkl  ajoff  lindi 

O'/;!  od  tdviai^  ii  7^dt  os  Jnyi^vooifu  !U)^.  0*107/ 
iji/il  ba«  of/t  noov;io<l  oToirrko  smb  "eoJonxm 

i'‘ 

*ejiid  *fb»dt  'ilo  ^njjtnq 

-no‘)  noittfnTnjiyj  ym  fitrw  boiwffp  bin  /n&tln  I^* 
jii  l/niij  .ionbnoo  ikxft  lo  aoe/i^  oift 
.Y/Tiq  ot  IjAwiHiifi  ti  bfoif  ';Ofit  )«ii't  7ov/«ffa  feidt  10I  - 
-ijiq  o/D  70*1  ovij<»xn  Imiv/rii,  omote  4d^  ’{odt  Hit 
oldnJqooon  O'row  »»ir//  iOYX«*iq  toioos  t^iit  J)iik  ,o«oq 
Yodi  li  h&^ffUp  3 .stinoY/  loiJi/  o1  rTndt 

Yodt  om  blot  olt  ,£m>Jt  '^nomn  noniov/  on  b/u( 
^L-rir/fid  ^sovlofeoioilt  yd  Hfi  nomov/  o/ft  tf/d  Jmd 
bioih^uo/i  *i(o/{t  nof/imoD  m*  s;gnii()  Ifn 

Irbri  o*ioxn  /rxd  nikl./  fdxfoo  :>ifOft  txuft  on  fftii/IBji 
.iiOiiT  ifxx  t>dJ  ’3o  iii^q  Yifj3  ot'iodtonfi  nfirft 

nf  bmf  '(oifx  Jrtjfv/  Jijq  l^rnn  ^luoq  70  don 
j;  br.il  vOilt  V 0Hiv/^-r4il  bnr>  ^iiooia  nommoo  oxft 
J>'jbm:ii-7)qfn7  lno  o^  |<inni  Y;x/jt  <ovxio]  o)  bnuii 
!noidUjiiO<^  <idf  i'.inf«|/o  vJjnox/poYi 
-Oii;i  f>^7xd  y;xov  a ^nf  x/  bm?  ;>^ykwodt  )piom«i 
pro/t/ov/  ntoi’Jt  l)7*iI>i»lbr*>no  ‘to  fniiv/qn  fin  nr  ^yji 
;^>{in0*OB'hin/5iTi  m!}  no  boirir/j  yoijJ  ^frrrl^^iibx  bna 
nnoolo  noiljujiO-lq  o'^'jrA  noy  u biul  biri;  ,nojdriO 
to  ofTk'j  njiv/  ’I'jdto^oT  .«|arnl  Inm  ,ooo/;dot 

! *'.>bfji>f  itiso/os 


15i 


TERRA  MAREE. 


In  many  i’espeets,  resembling  the  Moravians, 
yet  like  tli«i  majority  of  communist  organiza- 
tions, they  were  sliort-lived,  and  when  Bownas, 
twenty-five  years  after,  visited  America,  there 
was  not  a vestie;e  left.  Diirins^  the  second  tour 
lie  visited  the  lower  counties  of  the  Eastern 
Shore,  going  from  Choptank  to  anticoke,  cross- 
ing the  Yienna  Ferry  to  Mulberry  Grove,  and 
from  thence  to  the  Widow  Gale’s  at  Monay. 
Then  he  journeyed  to  Annamessex  and  Virginia. 
“One  Captain  Drummond  desired  a meeting  at 
his  house.  He  was  a Judge  of  the  Court  and 
sensible  man.”  He  went  from  thence  to  “ Ed- 
ward Mifliin’s,  who  was  a firm  and  zealous 
elder,”  who  took  him  in  his  boat  across  the  Bay 
to  Xansomond. 

The  Church  of  England  men,  wincing  from 
the  logical  arguments  of  Story’s  legal  mind, 
through  Sir  Thomas  Lawrence,  the  spendthrift 
Secretary  ojf  the  colony,  under  Governor  Xichol- 
sou,  complained  of  wdiat  they  called  his  tart  ex- 
pressions to  the  Lords  of  Trade  and  riantations. 

AVilliam  Penn  being  in  England,  his  attention 
was  called  to  the  charges,  and  tlms  alludes  to  the 
matter  in  a letter  to  a friend : 

“A  silly  knight  I Though  I hope  it  comes  of 
officious  weakness,  the  talent  of  the  gentleman, 
with  some  malice,  matters  there  are  never  at- 
tacke<l  by  Thomas  Story,  nor  in  irreverent 
toiK's.  1 never  liceded  it:  only  said  tliat  if  tlio 


t!*.. 


m 


v:tnoj^m  teilJ,^^JH  In 

,em7nWmd'fT  bur.  ,fc>r/i{^'K>il8  ^n»v,-  vodj  ,&jaoii>,^ 
oiodi  soh&mK  bo-twtv  .lofb  fei^^v  w^inerf^i 
inot  f)rio!»08  ©lit  ^nhiid  e'^ii«©v  *-5  tort 

fnDt«i)ft3[  ©Ht  lo  •i©’r/ol  oai  i>oti>:iY  oil 

,^?M)W  ,©>(ooita«Z.  o)  jiuaji|atir)  iitoii  ^rrt<r^ 
bni^,©70i9  r^4d|/a^  cna^iY  edt  ^ni 

.ifjmKM  t«  vohpH  oift  ot  ooaodt  liicn'K  . 

,jotH!i"2*ii"^  bois  A ol  oil  iioriT 

tfi  :onir>'>m  is  bf>'ii*©b  bnointisutU.  ri?f>3'piO  ©nO^** 
bun  Jtiro' ) ©d]  'Id  iJ  ©1£  .©anod  «id 

4jH  ot  a^osift  luoii  tnovr  oil  ’'.(Tftiii  oIdi«a*>8 . 
af:o>lfi*>i  bim  imiti  a «nw  W'/t  .a-ailftii^L  ^ 
vaU  ©fit  fcHOioa  Rid  11  i mid  doot  odv/  ^ ^i©bis 

fTioil  ^nbaivr  ,fi©fa  biinb^uR  “k/  dt>'u;dO  ©dP 
,h/iim  lr,^‘>I  a‘T>ot8  Htnomfi^ain  iBOi^oi 

/ihibbrtoqir  Qilt  ,oon9'5VMKl  riiOiodT  d:^woidt 
-(oiloiX  ioj:*?ovoO  lohiiii  ,xnol(x»  odt  io 
-X©  tmt  ?iiil  h^lUio  voift  tKilvr  ‘lo  boniidquio©  tUO» 
jinuUhanlH  bun  ©bVrt  lo  Rln<xl  otU  ot  momwi 
ii  'iuioltn  aiii  ai  ^aiod  mtoM  mrJIli  U 

iislt  03  aiibaliis  a^aift  ban  .^o-^jjado  fub  o1  bullno  ^hv/ 

: ivfiohl  Ji  <>J  i©33©lsn  nt  Titjuai 
to  iioifioo  li  I ii^^aodT  ! 3d:^jai  vllia  A*^  ^ 
.ar.ardtff!)^  oHt  ‘io  hvAvA  ©d3  *aR-7a>}n©vf  aaoioiUo 


•3a  i‘vr‘iU  9111  !>'l  j)It  >v'l*»M«OT  ,9yillliil  0IH'.*S  Mli'f 
)M'iT.»V'mt  iii  noil  cf.tmiilT  X'^  fwMawl 

..  :li  h'.lvyyi!  r)VKi  I ■•^‘'‘>'>1 


■»i(i  'li  iJiifi  hii.»'  yjf- 


QUAKEBS  VALUABLE  CITIZENS.  15.> 

gentleman  had  sense  enough  for  his  office^  he 
might  have  known  this  tale  was  no  part  of  it: 
that  Thomas  Story  was  discreet  and  temperate, 
and  did  not  exceed  in  his  retort  or  returns. 

‘‘But  ’tis  children’s  play  to  provoke  a combat, 
and  then  cry  out  that  such  a one  beats  them. 

“ That  I hoped  they  were  not  a committee  of 
conscience  and  religion,  and  that  it  showed  the 
shallowness  of  the  gentleman,  that  played  the 
busy-body  in  it.” 

IS'ever  had  the  colony  flourished  so  much  as 
during  the  period  when  the  Quakers  were  influ- 
ential. They  were  cleanly  in  their  habits,  indus- 
trious, intelligent,  and  domestic;  not  given  to 
wine  or  brawling,  and  honest  in  their  mercantile 
transactions.  The  Lloyds  and  others  of  the  So- 
ciety had  credit  at  Loudon,* and  they  exercised  a 
powerful  influence  in  bringing  to  the  colony 
some  of  the  best  families  in  the  land.  Here 
Pembertoifl  and  Richard  Hill,  who  were  among 
Penn’s  right-hand  men,  and  others  afterward 
prominently  identified  with  the  Pennsylvania 
Colony,  first  landed. 

The  population,  which  in  1676  was  estimated 
at  twenty  thousand,  in  1701  was  thirty-five  thou- 


* Pemberton  became  Surveyor-General  of  Pennsylvania,  ami 
one  of  bis  descendants  was  the  Major-General  who  so  long  with- 
stood General  Grant  at  Vicksburg. 

Salisbury  was  laid  out  on  the  larids,  that  once  belonged  to  a 
Widow  Pemberton,  who  may  have  V>cen  of  the  same  race. 


“?i1,di>ifio  akl  *h/?  ifefjort^  teH  rimnoftris-g 

; V j'rr>q  Off  E*iw  errf;  ftv/on>}  dvisrf 

i>«jTi  ti39'i‘>«iJb  an'AT  T**ot8  afimodT  icHi 


1iotc/*i  «ffeif  I>^^axo  ioa  bib  hfin 


« 9>lovo*tq  oi  v^rfq  «'rt«^’if>iffb  BiV 
.jir.vffl  <iiio  « u:ii1  irfo  \io  uoif)  bun 
lo  t)i>ttiiiitno!0  iS  ^on  oia  .v  vorlr  b^>qOfi  I iuilT 
/ fov/Difa  ii  ititfl  bij/i  ^iioi^if^i  biia  ooa^ioMim 

siif  bo74lq  sdi  lo  8<tf^ir/K>Hiide 

* 'Mi  iff  vbo<i-v«yJ 

nn  dwart  os  fj^dihaoh  x^oho  oth  hr.d  'tovoVL 
idlfd  BtiidiifiQ  t^dt  tmlw  hoI  tMimh  •ganffb 
Aitfuii  ^BSldud  ^thdi  fif  7lf!4‘ib  ^ov."  7€>/rr  MdUfff 
Qj  4u>vi:g«iou  : i^itavurob  ittifi  dtfogillaitjf  ^ituohS 
9iUufii>’io£a  rhiif  ai  iarjsiod  bnn  ^j^jnh/md  *jo 

orfi 'to  P4ozfjo  bn4  ebyoi  J s/iT  .effoifsrftfrmnt 
n vo.di  hau\uobaoJ  Iju  lib»*io  b«if 

vTfoIoo  odi  ot  'j^nnj:ahd  nr  oomnFtni  la'hov/oq 
ei'>]I  .brr/d  odJ  iti  Boilioud  oih  1o  amo« 
^aonm  f>ioy/  o/fv/  dlili  iriitdi>iH  bnjj 

^B'iatho  hnu  b/T^il-ffb^n  s'iu 

;iiit/{7b{^arfn^^l  ?)di  dliv^  hoiiitn^^fd  vJ^y^yfffKviq 

' .bobffftf  uid  ,\fioloO 

h^Uiutba^  my*  bTOr  nr  jloidv/’  ^iioim(fn|oq  odT 

ovll--^ribli  *1/17/  irOTI  m 

bfifl  .•iiii/>v/‘^iM»n^’I  "itt  9(njir)«!^d  not7{»<S/jt>*^  * 

•tiJiW  tut  otJUi  iMnayO-tifi/ili.  »di  ««;w  hid 

.3»  rud«i*>r/  i«  ijtitiO 

■ ' ^-  ' . * • • ■ • # ‘ ■ 

A (>>  t>^;g«olod  rjiaa  Jr.fif  ci'^  l»W 

uill  u>  «.*»  *d  ’iVAiJ  tirifw  >nc*tu  V 


156 


TERRA  MARTJE. 


sand;  four  thousand  four  hundred  and  seventy- 
five  of  which  were  slaves. 

The  annual  income  of  Lord  Baltimore  from 
the  ground  rents  now  exceeded  ten  thousand 
j dollars,  and  was  rapidly  increasing.  I 

“i 

i ; 


I 

t 

1 

I 


- 


*■' 'vAV.; 


‘p 


oar 


reoil  aiomiilflH  bToJ  to  omoonc  IfiH«ifi«  orfT 
biujKHOriJ  «aJ  to'if>»»i»«.e*  '«■<>«  «^w9i  bcllo^:^  oril 

Ylbi<|xn  bfiB  ^8’UiiioD 


CHAPTER  FIFTH. 


BOUNDARY  DISPUTES. 

HF]  appointment  of  Fendall  as  Governor 
of  the  colony,  after  the  compromise 
with  the  Parliament  Commissioners, 
was  soon  regretted  by  Cecil  Baltimore. 

The  Assembly  convened  at  Thomas  Gerard’s, 
on  February  twenty-eighth,  1659,  and  the  lower 
house,  on  March  the  tirst,  adjourned  to  Eohert 
Slye’s,  and  on  the  twelfth  of  the  month  ad- 
dressed the  following  note  : 

“To  the  Honorable  tlie  Governor  and  Council: 

“That  this  Assembly  of  Burgesses,  judging 
themselves  to  be  a lawful  assembly,  without  de- 
pendence on  any  other  powei*  in  the  province 
now  in  being,  is  the  highest  court  of  judicature. 
And  if  any  objection  can  be  made  to  their  con- 
tinuing, we  desire  to  hear  it.” 

The  next  day  Governor  Fendall  replied,  that 
he  thought  it  had  been  the  intention  of  the 
King,  when  he  gave  the  patent  to  Lord  Balti- 
Mioiv,  that  the  freemen  of  the  |)rovinee  should 
make  iheir  own  laws,  provided  tliey  conformed 

14  \l57) 


f ■' ,e:iTv*iBja  YjfAO^DOB  ■T:-f' 

■' . ' ' . ...  .-. 

1'^  ^ 

loitiQTOp  «H  HftbfjeT  lo  jd^miriioqqi^  T^II 
D^iifnoiqcfioo  fnh  lofla  ^ynoJoo-  odi  '\o 
^h-fontm&imiwO  edi  dtiv/' 

.{^lOXftitfnJFI  ii  ,)‘)0  r/J  fiooa  8/iv/ 

,»‘bljr£^*f)  fsumoriT  ^i;  btjfT‘;>vijoo  '^(dm^>s«A  or{T 

*i^)7/oi  odi  hup  dEhl  no 

J’lodoH  0 bdmuollm  »dt  qo  ^daood 

«i)R  dtiidrn  t>ff.t  "io  dflhY/f  no  hun 

; oiofi  ^11X7/ oHdi  odi  b9&a97f> 

rHonnoD  baa  lornovoO  n;?)  ofjxnoijoll  ax(i  oT** 
,feoaao5i;fnvI  lo  vJiiimi^gA  aid)  )ndT^* 
•oh  tvod^b/  ^vldnroacXi  bAv/ftl  i*  ad  o)  aoyhp.tuod) 
o'juivoiq  od)  at  7 77/0'|  lailjo  viixj  no  aoxiabnaq 
.aiL’IftoibuOo  fuio\*  J-'.od^id  oii)  hi  ^'gnlod  nl  won. 
"ixoo  liadj  o)  obxnft  5*d  uiii>  noiJoo(do  \iu:  li  IkiA 
^\li  liiOil  of  (nkoh  07r  ^^aiuni) 

hidf  d>^l!qoy^  LUibuoH  *lo^K^.^vo^>  vnl>  taeo/f  oxiT 
oxij  lo  noijnelnl  odf  nood  i>M  )i  Sd-paoiif  od 
•hh8.  InoJ  of  tna)f;<j  odJ  oii  aoth/^ 

bfnoda  ‘joitr/oiq  odt  'lo  iionxoo‘d  odJ  jddi  /noai 
fi'HinoliK^o  TO((!  b diivf/iq  ,».v/x;l  fi v/0  liaxlj  odant 
( U^i  )'  f! 


158 


TEF.EA  MAFIJE. 


to  reason,  ami  the  statutes  of  England.  Gerard 
and  TJtye,  with  the  Governor,  assented  to  the 
position  of  the  lower  house,  and  it  was  then  de- 
clared that  the  upper  house  should  no  longer  sit 
as  a distinct  body. 

Fendall  was  immediately  elected  President, 
and  he  and  his  councillors  accepted  new  commis- 
sions from  the  Assembly,  as  the  source  of  power. 

During  this  period,  active  etforts  ^vere  made 
to  absoi'b  the  Dutch  settlements  on  the  Dela- 
ware. De  Vries  and  others  had  planted  colonies 
on  the  banks  of  that  river,  long  before  Balti- 
more sought  for  a patent.  The  Dutch  w^ere 
first  at  Iloarkill,  now  Lewistown.  In  1623  Fort 
Xassau,  near  Gloucester,  X.  J.,  was  built;  and 
ten  years  later,  Corsen  went  from  thence,  in 
company  with  Augustine  Ileerman  and  others, 
and  purchased  of  the  Indians  the  site  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  erected  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Schuylkill,  Fort  Beversrede. 

In  1635,  fourteen  or  fifteen  persons,  under 
Capt.  George  Holmes,  from  Maryland  or  Vir- 
ginia, seized  Fort  Xassau,  but  subsequently  were 
captured  by  the  Dutch,  taken  to  ^ranhattan,  and 
sent  to  Virginia.^  Seven  years  afterward,  the 
English  from  ^laryland  took  possession  near  the 
month  of  the  Schuylkill,  and  the  sloops  Peal 
and  St.  Martin  were  sent  from  Manhattan  to 
assist  in  dislodging  tlnmi.- 


• De  Vries. 


Acreliiis. 


■"■' ' ■■  -V  ^ 

iur^sI'goH  %>  fjtrft  ot 

0df-  6^  Mf  tUm  '.■^rOlJ  hna 

-at)  ned)  ftiv'.v  1i  f>au  ^d!  lo  Moilf^^oq  > 

le^fTol  00  hlijods  of.^od  vjqqif  oiU  i^ih  fmub 

^v  Wd  io^ltsib  a 8fi 

-wlfnWIOD  5r.1odlOfSnOD  Rid  Ollli  ‘;)d  biJil  ^ 

.Bwoq'io  aift  feii  ^vjrrrtmsA  €?iU  rnoi'l  snok 

^ibrtm  aiaw  9Tilr>ft  ^foon^>q  «rdf  g0nii<I 

-jjbO  ^/di  no  edj  diosdii  *>> 

a?>nTo{of>  I)/id  &'ft>fllo  bnfs  ^‘jhV  o(L 

djlfiil  d'idtdd  %ito\  /r£*vh  Jiid^  ailiiJid  dd)  no 
-^07/  lid-trtU  adT  .tirattiq  « i<’A  'mom 

jfo'd  ES;tiI  fsl  .n#oifdwawI  vma  ,lijdidoIl  hs  iudt 
iMi*i  ; tlimf  ««7^  M ^lal^anoU)  *mon 
Hi  /cjjiiadl  moat  tnaw  (tastuO  ginov  nai 

,i5i‘^(bo  I)on  muinoall  anlti^ri'^uA  dJiw  "^oaqaioo 
./did'i  'io  oJ?8  oih  hiiSAbnl  'nil  'io  bojtuibanq  ban 
adl  lo  illuoiu  Silt  ar>oii  bolomo  Wm 

.'jJu‘iab'J779H:  .!{fdlY«d9R 

'lo  a*#7‘hudli  ,('*14)1  tiT 

-•iiY  ao  hiinicuiU  nmal  .aaudoU  a;^icoD  JqRp' 
oa'iV/  •^ljn?Htp’>?:‘iiift  iaxi  fLUiy.>^i:/i  jiqd 

bmi.Hfiriiain  14  of  «9d«t  ,dofaa  fr>iiitqpa 

i*tli  Mnyri^i^Ui  him'i  mvo^ 

yd)  iXiyit  nOiHHyaaoq  doo)  bitM  /aal4  utotl 

l/tyH  aqoftlj'  yth  j>mi  oil)  lo  d)j)Om 

o)  5ii;))Kt!iiiil4  ijHvd  irm  aiy^ 

, *"  .*»n{m»A  If  .R«»h7  » 


DELAWARE  SETTLEMENTS. 


159 


In  1656,  tlie  burgomasters  of  Amsterdam  de- 
termined to  garrison  iSTew  Amstel,  or  New  Cas- 
tle, and  a company  of  soldiers  were  dispatched, 
under  Captain  Creager  and  Lieutenant  Alexan- 
der D’Hyniossa,  who  had  long  served  in  Brazil. 
They  arrived  at  the  Delaware  in  the  following 
May,  and  Captain  Creager  shortly  after  visited 
Kent  Island,  and  there  learned  that  the  authori- 
ties of  Maiyland  were  becoming  jealous  of  their 
increasing  numbers.  In  the  year  1659,  the 
trading  ports  of  the  Dutch  were  at  Hoarkill 
(Lewes),  New  Amstel  (New  Castle),  and  Passay- 
ung  (Philadelphia),  and  Governor  Fendall  sent 
Colonel  Nathaniel  Utye  to  command  them  to 
depart  forthwith  from  his  Lordship’s  province. 

The  New  Netherlandcrs  were  surprised  at  the 
tone  of  this  dispatch,  and  sent  two  of  their  best 
men,  Augustine  Heerman  and  Kesolved  Wal- 
dron, to  confer  with  the  Maryland  authorities. 
Peaching  Kent  Island  on  October  third,  they 
passed  the  night  at  Capt.  Wickes’,  and  on  the 
seventh  were  at  Billingsly’s  Plantation,  on  the 
Cliffs,  and  then  went  to  Coursey’s,  on  the  Patux- 
ent, and  leaving  their  boat,  walked  nine  miles  to 
I’hilip  Calvert’s,  the  Secretary  of  the  colony,  and 
after  a brief  visit,  went  to  the  house  of  Overzee, 
the  next  ncighl)or,  and  a fellow-countryman  of 
the  Commissioners,  to  lodge. 

On  the  next  Sunday,  the  Commissioners,  with 
2^1  r.  Overzee,  dined  wiih  I’hilip  Calvert,  and  on 


% 


^1)5 fio 5Sfiu"ihlos  ^ ^ Ijflis  (Olt 

-fii^x&iA  t0i?ft4>1xisivl  biiii  rth;i<|^iO  'i^bti^ 

.IfxMa  01  bi^7m  TSifoi  hud  odw  ,uwQur^lh<l 
•}iQhno\\<fi  Q^it  hi  e^n-rnm  eilt  tft  Iw^mr*  piiT 
vbiot^^i^^  ii>‘;i;^Q'jO  aiatqi^O  bn« 

•H‘>rh  '»<'  3fKlf0oi  *»,«brfO!>0d  J>fJ4ilpiii/^  ^O  801^  ...^ 

i,ih  -fim.  imx  ^^di  III  , .md^idii  %maimosti 
<u’;l'i«oIt  3«  ot€>w  d'jind  \q  8.tio<(  ^ntbcii 
hm.^inU^n  kl8i«A  ^rmd) 

.t/tf^h  winovoD  bniy^dd(ihhrtHd^I) 

o)  .iiQiit  bnnmnioo  ojr  ?v/tTT.  {^>10^514171  j^uoioOr 
.0&jfr/oaq  E’qul^irKKl  hhi  snmt  diiv/dnql  iiMpb 
0fU  fc0>!rcrp08  o^oyr  ^^obauhi^dtsZ  vr^Z  ^dT  ,> 
lifjdt  1;o  ova  ima  bfiri  aiifi  *^o  ano^ 

*-k7/  ij9vlo?;0H  yauaii^oA  ^fiain 

.aahhodJOi;  i>«fjii'ial/L  oils  dim  riiVsoo  o^  ,fwib 
Ytuli  Ji'ibii  ladoJoO  ao  bniilal  ^nixfa^aH 

oilt  lio  hm.Md'jP/fJn^Q  isi  eift  jba&acq 

9ih  uo  «aoi,ixiUuiia  hi  wvr 

.xwiftd  t^tiJ  fio.*8'-iO&'inoO  t>i  iiiw  J 

ot  nMai.s^hi  i>9>ila7/  ,}iic*d..*ii9ilt  biuijao 

[)jiii  >Yfiolo9  ad)  "to  vin)o*io9^  qilW  I 

edt  ol  )a9’^r  pwtY  "tand  *i 
*lo  iift0rn)a0‘->^^--’J^^di'ji  u I010  ^lodd^^ioii  i/oa  o*h 

,9idK>}  0)  ,8l9<l0i3^4*fflf 

dliY/  ^.»fiaiK>iK>i{0ifiioO  ad)  r/M  ^d)  id  ) 

no  bdi;  ,i  K)vir;l>  i|iiidl  litiw  iuiuh  .Oi^sVilU  Ml 


160 


TERRA  MARI^. 


the  sixteenth  went  to  Mr.  Bateman’s,  on  the 
Patuxent,  twenty  miles  distant,  to  meet  the 
Council  of  the  colony.  A dinner  party  was 
here  given  to  the  strangers.  At  the  table,  Heer- 
rnan  sat  on  the  left  of  Gov.  Fendall,  and  Philip 
Calvert  on  the  riglit,  and  Mr.AYaldron  next. 
After  dinner,  the  Commissioners  presented  a 
paper  to  the  Council,  recounting  the  various 
steps  they  had  taken  in  settling  the  Delaware, 
and  stated  that  they  had  maintained  friendly 
correspondence  with  Virginia  and  Maryland  un- 
til the  eighth  of  September,  1659,  when  Col. 
Xat.  Utve  came  to  South  River  into  the  town 
and  Fort  Xew  Amstel,  and  in  a commanding 
manner  and  strange  way,  demanded  that  the 
place  and  country  should  be  delivered  up  ; and 
then  concluded  with  wishino^  God  AlmiMitv  to 
conduct  them  to  all  prudent  results,  so  that  we 
may  live  neighborly  together.” 

In  the  course  of  the  discussion,  Utye  lost  his 
temper,  and  the  Governor  was  obliged  to  inter- 
pose. In  the  evening,  harmony  appears  to  have 
been  restored,  as  it  passed  in  taking  a glass  of 
wine  and  general  conversation. 

The  visit  of  the  Commissioners  did  not  tend 
to  the  solution  of  the  questions  in  dispute,  and 
the  nexf  year  Ca[>t.  James  Aeale,  of  Maryland, 
as  the  attorney  of  Lord  ]ialtimore,  appeared  be- 
fore the  directors  of  the  West  India  Company, 
in  Amsterdam,  to  urge  the  claims  of  the  pro- 
prietor. 


<V  ■' 

^;s-  « t'MT  ■•  ■ " ■"' ';  'vcS£'" 


».U  no  ^•0o«ioJoM  .tM  oi  Utvtr  ffJnontxla  ofi» 

OiCr  JBOftt  ot  ,.i;tii'Hr>  eo!M  TtH!'V i .inojrnJaSs't?-^: 
iftn  rtTfiq  •sonnili  '.  .V.nofog  oui  1o  fionuc'^,  ‘ >■ 
-wH  .oWnl  Oil  ' 1A  '-.(h  ot  nov!^  viod 

■jit:, S'!  f)fH:  .ifof.uol  .wi')  'i-'  f"I>  ‘"5  J'-'*  <•'“« 

,1x.an  no-iht.-iV/  .-.M  i>nfi  Jit'a.ii  ‘vli  «o  3-i«vLii'> 
a {>•>!' iKtf'O'tcj  ci6r.o;-'‘'!i'!inio0  Oiil  ,’is»iiiiiL  loftA 
unom^i  arft  ^(lijniioom  -’'I*  ''** 

,yii;v.i:l'»<I  oifl  fli' nojhsi  twtrf  70*  «T>1»  . . 


-iu;  I ■:/:It;7bK  h(hi  ...h!!?7iV  rftiw  o-.nohnoqao-nTO 
0‘MI'V  ^^chl.  to  out  lit 

ir;^J  orft''‘o:tttj  t^/:;!  itoo'-i  ot  oanio  ortlJ  .U~A 
t’-i'haititt'C'Uio-  £•  ni  i’n*  j9l?it'nA  'wo-v  Jin’l  i-iiB 

[)'•";  : qi7  fcrroviloff  0<£  htiJui)'<‘7-‘5 
oj  vSil^ia'ilA  boO  •oriiflaiw**  xlti'n  b' LuIjhio'j  nodt 
OVA  i.'ilt  o«  tfiobs)  f Iff.  01  modi  Jonbnoo 

vhiHiibbn  T^in 

mi  m\  077iJ  /iT 

OJ  h^^iluo  sifj 

«>v»u!  1-5  :i:':uiVj7^i  oilt  nl 

■;u  i; ffi  Ji  ?rti  J>'j',ioi^oi 

. n <> i J j ’/  J ' >t>  I • '>'1  <■’  ^ 

.ton  oilt'  io  tUIv  Oil  j; 

bnri  Of  iiOijfiloy.  i>rft  cJ 

Jutklru;!/  .IqiiO  i/v>x 

-'hJ  - 1 

./iiJi.jnio*) 
j ,.-iq  ^ii.t  ‘io  7.': 


VIBGINIA  BOUNDARY. 


161 


In  the  year  1661,  Eclniimd  Scarburgh,^  John 
Elzey,  and  Eandali  Ron  ell  were  authorized  to 
induce  settlers  from  the  peninsula  of  Virginia  to 
dwell  in  the  valley  of  the  Pocomoke  and  adjoin- 
ing territory.  In  a few  months,  settlements  were 
begun  at  Manokin  and  Annamessex.  Scarburgh 
at  length  claimed  that  the  country  was  a part  of 
Virginia,  arrested  Elzey,  and  constrained  the 
settlers  to  acknowledge  Virginia  jurisdiction. 

These  acts  were  disclaimed  by  Berkeley,  and 
Philip  Calvert  on  the  part  of  Maryland,  and 
Scarburgh  as  Surveyor  General  of  Virginia,  on 
the  twenty-fifth  of  July,  1668,  agreed  upon  a 
boundary,  an  east  line  from  the  extreme  part  of 
the  most  v/estern  angle  of  Watkins  Point  over 
Pocomoke  River,  and  thence  over  Swansecute's 
Creek  into  the  marsh  of  the  seaside.  The  south- 
ern boundary  of  the  Eastern  Shore  being  settled 
by  agreement,  encouragement  was  given  to  set- 
tlements near  Lewes,  on  Delaware  Bay,  and  Col. 
Wm.  Stevens  was  authorized  to  induce  emi- 
grants to  take  up  land  in  that  vicinity. 

In  the  year  1663  a report  was  brought  to 
Beeckman,  one  of  the  Dutch  officers  on  the 


^ Scarburgh,  from  the  year  lOoO,  had  been  prominent  as  a 
representative  of  Accomac  County,  Va.  His  daughter  married 
Custis,  formerly  an  innkeeper  at  Rotterdam,  and  the  ancestor 
of  the  first  husband  of  Mrs,  George  Washington. 

Judge  George'  P.  Scarburgh,  formerly  of  U.  S.  Court  of 
Claims,  now  i.f  Aorlblk,  \'a.,  is  a descendant. 

14* 


i: 


■A.T  'ij'i'ji  uiL\  (]' 

j.rYl ...  il .[hta  {ry>  'M 

f • ■ ’.?  y!o'jf‘<e  ••'vj/i  iir 

'7  ! .v')i'.i;7  i >y  .i:u7/i> 

. , ^'i  • .7;,...:> : ;•,(  lO  ^ r<_yui 

' . ( ‘ : ' , : ^ ; •;.  ( : f , 5 0,  ;'u  7 i )):'..(<{ 

:,1  ' i:  :i  ,'  '7,7 JI7<  :!i 

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7'  ! . V :■.  -r  ct  >(^ 

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/7  ■•  '•  .:  Oifl 

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.'  . '.  ■.  n:  .■■  iiarj 


162 


ThlURA  MARLE, 


Delaware,  that  Charles  Calvert,  Governor  of 
Marvlancl,  was  about  to  visit  Altona,  and  find- 
ing ‘‘that  here  on  the  river  not  a single  draught 
of  French  wine  is  obtainable,”  requests  Stuy- 
vesant  to  send  him  some  from  Manhattan  to 
treat  the  nobleman. 

On  the  ninth  of  August  Calvert  visited  N^ew 
Amstel  and  Altona,  with  an  escort  of  twenty-six 
or  seven  persons,  and,  with  Van  Sweringen  as 
Commissioner  on  the  part  of  the  Dutch,  renewed 
the  treaty  with  the  Indians. 

He  was  very  favorably  impressed  by  the  kind 
conduct  of  the  Dutchmen,  and  with  the  best  feel- 
ing returned  to  Maryland,  expressing  his  inten- 
tion to  visit  Boston  next  spring,  by  the  way  of 
Manhattan. 

Early  in  1664,  while  England  and  Holland 
were  at  peace,  a squadron,  under  Colonel  Hichols, 
was  fitted  out  by  the  Duke  of  York  to  reduce 
Yew  Yetherlands.  D’Hyniossa  sent  word  to  Stuy- 
vesant,  at  Manhattan,  that  he  would  send  him 
five  thousand  pounds  of  powder  if  needed,  to  aid 
in  the  defense  of  the  settlements,  but  all  efforts 
were  useless,  and  the  whole  province  was  soon 
subdued.  Sir  Robert  Carr  visiting  the  settlements 
on  the  Delaware  River  and  compelling  them  to 
surrender. 

Heerman,  Van  Sweringen,  and  others  then  re- 
tired, and  became  good  citizens  of  the  Maryland 
CH)lony. 


To  1O0T3VO0  ) H'>h^dO  irffj  ,^*Tr///ahCI 

-hnit  biTfi  ot  m'rr  J^p.idnfiU 

Id^jiUTn-ofeiifa  -ft  Kni  T.?7 i'i  I'io  ^.ni ' 

.-^fjta  ¥:}af>«jv'>i  fcf  &/-H7/  xf;»£m'3  'Jo 

ot  xrrJjT.firt*^  onma  fin»f  bn*>^-  <">‘>  irTftsaY 

’ * ■ ■'•  .fiTuiioi’doa  odi  -ij^.n.t 

l)-'>lrr:!7  n‘V.>TrjO  j>^n’jLU/A.  lo  ilinfn  Silt  nO 

To  0 ii*3  lijfv/  uA  brfi;  li"'^.&cv  _ 
?ft ’‘ri->^nhw8  ;'/r/  ifJiw-^bfrn  ,rno^n;>q  «07iv;s«' W'- 
b';.v^'.n7n  jr.;,'f«l  } hfi<|  OJtt  HO 

;-Hm‘hi!l  oat  nnmi  Oib 

f.svr-'  od.2  :d  -/IdirroYfa- ;(;ii*y  oU 

Uv'd  yifi  ^!ic7/' bnr /a.7ia?!:.'l{jTl  4fll  \o  i*>i/f>noo 

-HOT, 4 vj'i  ^rsr^iftO'fqxft  b‘.  ' ^ ooinnivi  ^in 

‘b»  7/i7.'  oili  vi[  ,'2rii'!'|,-.  jzon  if'-ii*/  oi  nod 

...  . ■ ' HOJltniimd^ 

hfiidloll  i‘iij?  bmihyA.  off.f//  /li  7>o'T 

,hloJa?Vl  f^'HofoO  atoibnnp?.  ii  .y:o-?q  ti.’  4iow 

ooHiryi  ui  >Ii  'V  'I'i  v/la(L  -Mri  V J tyo 
•7i; o8  oj  Inov/  ii>t<HU  rn  ([  fodtoyx  wo VI 

arifi  [)iij^':  J)l(/ov/  o»l  1/aij  ,np,i1f:danll 

bi/;  OJ  1/  r>I>'/7nrj  'to  ^^hnia-q  ;r/ft 

-iioftj  lio  tad  J )'j*i  oil)  to  oKifdtoh  oif)  ni 

iiOM  otIj  b/Oi  oiow 

Ua  H'/ldofe  odt  rifO  ivkU>H  'ii8  ,i>oi)f»dw« 

ot  tca^aT  biJii  ai-  ili  .♦’iLv/i?{9(£7)i'it^  no 

/lobiarnHii 

-o'l  nod)  ^T'j  l.‘:>  iaoi  ar'''qar]ov/d*  £Ui  / piaHTf;y>IJ 
baislv/ial/.  yili  otruryxl 


ALEXANDER  D^HYXIOS.'^A. 


163 


There  is  still  preserved  the  following  letter 
from  DTIjniossa,  late  Director  at  Xew  Castle, 
written  from  the  house  of  Captain  Thomas 
Howell,  at  Saint  Marys,  to  Colonel  Nichols,  who 
became  Governor  of  New  Netherland,  now 
known  as  New  York : 

“Your  honor’s  very  agreeable  answer  to  my 
letters  came  safely  here,  and  I learn  from  it  that 
your  honor  is  sorry  for  my  loss.  If  your  honor 
would  please  to  console  me  tlierein  it  can  be 
done  by  [giving  me]  the  rest  of  my  lost  estate, 
and  could  I get  it  back  I am  resolved  to  live 
under  your  honor’s  government,  yea,  on  the 
same  conditions  that  I had  from  the  City  of  Am- 
sterdam ; meanwhile,  should  your  honor  incline 
thereunto  the  answer  should  be  sent  to  me  at 
Captain  Thomas  Ilowell's,  in  Maryland,  where 
I shall  still  remain  two  or  three  months.  Should 
these  not  be  accepted  by  your  honor,  I would 
hereby  respectfully  recpiest  you  to  send  me  a 
letter  under  your  honor’s  hand  to  his  Highness 
the  Duke  of  York,  in  order  that  I may  take  oc- 
casion to  apply  in  London  to  his  Highness  afore- 
said on  the  subject.” 

Nichols  paid  no  attention  to  this  respectful  pe- 
tition, but  on  April  the  tenth,  1666,  in  a com- 
munication to  the  Home  Government,  recom- 
mended that  D’Hyni ossa’s  Island,  in  the  Delaware 
Kiver,  be  given  to  Sir  Robert  Carr,  in  apprecia- 
tion of  the  services  reiidere<l  in  the  reductic'ii. 


7^tto[  -^iih/oUr/i  5»iit  h>7-.,'>'T^:  IHie  oiodT 

rr&Z  (>)■?  <':: Cl  ,r/r-.-6iOlir{ll'(l  mori 
'■r.niOfiT  iiir-j'|ij'J  )i-  o>fnu{  o<Jt  fn<n'i  rroiihJiif 
o/v//  J r.j  tffijici  ^ffov/oli 

v/oij  ^ > lornovoO  oxffiiocxJ 

; 3^';oY  7/'. r.u  iiy/oii:^ 

■‘‘.'if  r<j  V ;'>v  'tiroY^* 

ImiJ  If  ’ Fmd;  /,rrjd  Oiii^.7 

• 7£xo7  !i  . .>■  : . f<f  'V't  Y-no^  <fii  'jonori  i*;o’^ 

;«i  ujio  i(  i!iy'v;{)  :/i»>ijoo  o!  biuoyr 

,oji.7>o  iwl  Y/n  t<>  ^ jii!  [^)in  ^ni-ri-^] ’^if  fftsob 

Y/j!  i^O/y  -'•f[  Xitii  i.  jl'./j,'  I Ji  I b(;*0‘)  b/i« 

Y-’  ' a:v  ' ,;•  PunYVu;'^  7!foY  'f^bflU 

\ i6  jmit  utoiribiiOit  ijms:^ 

' 'i  ’;:i  (/  ' IfiOii-  .7r:r;0ffl  - 

'■  ..:V'  ;;2j;  Y m‘  ffec/yOil  ^>;r.iiOCi'f  iii.,f«|nO 

.j'.ibii!  iM  ft  M > o7/f  fthitU’n  Ifba  flnik  i 
^'l.r..'"'  1 ,'tOiJ<:>rf  Tiiov  . V,:  Od  !<>« 

j;  o.ii  oj  ,.(  / j .,fp7i  vi{xi1l79t]>oY'l  vJrroil 

nid  o;  I'lnnl  rt'-iou'^i  '/ru.r^  lolxiu  ‘isllsl 
-VO  v"dor  ^g}ut  I i;;iiT  j dno  tif  rAioY  *io  o:bKI 

h^‘)aii:>j]f  '?;i  j nob(f(k[  m dq  }*'  < £km'bi;-> 

■•  f ■■  '■ : ■■  •'  * .' .1 V ;%] It s: xl' i ■ « It,}  b i 
^uq  Jn'noO(|HOi  -fiU  v..»  tioj)nv5ljf  oi/b 
-nio'>  ::  aj  'tVid  ; doiTri 

r.nvtv'f  ,l»i')nTfr('.*7o».)  omoH  vilj  ot 

‘.'i  j itf  jj  dt  lH^b^Vr 

J5i  ru/ ) ii<  '^i  u‘ivix>  od 

. ‘nil  i?;  i7rivi>i»'vT  . >i / i-v-o  vdi  io 


164 


TEEEA  MAE  EE. 


and  shortly  after  D’Hyniossa  was  settled  on  Fos- 
ter’s Island,  in  the  Chesapeake,  attached  to  Tal- 
bot County,  while  Augustine  Ileerman,  since 
1060,  had  been  the  owner  of  Bohemia  Manord 

In  the  Grenville  Library  is  the  only  map  ever 
made  by  Faithorne,  an  artist  distinguished  for 
crayon  portraits  and  delicate  copper-plate  en- 
graving. On  it  is  this  statement:  “Virginia 
and  Mainland ; as  it  is  planted  and  inhabited 
this  present  year  1670:  surveyed  and  drawn  by 
Augustus  Hermann  Bohemiensis;”  also  a beauti- 
ful portrait  of  the  original  settler  of  Bohemia 
^lanor. 

In  1671  a person  by  the  name  of  Jones,  with 
others  from  Somerset  County,  surprised  L^wis- 


^ In  1G6G  Augustine  “Harman,  of  Prague,  in  the  Kingdom 
of  Bohemia,”  petitioned  the  Maryland  Assembly  for  the  natu- 
ralization of  himself,  his  sons  Ephraim,  Georgius,  Casparus, 
and  his  daughters  Anna,  Margaritia,  Judith,  and  Erancina. 

In  1071  Alexander  D'llyniossa,  of  Foster’s  Island,  of  the 
County  of  Talbot,  asked  that  he,  and  Margaritta,  his  wife,  and 
Alexander,  Jotiu,  Peter,  Maria,  Johanna,  Christina,  and  Bar- 
bara might  be  naturalized.  This  old  soldier  afterward  re- 
turned to  Ilollatid,  and  engaged  in  the  war  with  Louis  the 
Fourteenth. 

An  examination  of  the  laws  of  Maryland  show's  that  among 
others  at  this  }>eriod,  from  1000  to  1684,  the  following  w'ere 
naturalized:  John.  Jnrbo,  of  Dijon,  France,  Peter  Bayard,  Arnol- 
dus  De  la  Grange,  Desjardins,  Nicholas  Fountaine,  of  Somerset, 
M’illiam  Blaken.stein,  of  St.  Mary,  De  Costa,  Han  Hanson,  Cor- 
nelius Comogys,  Axel  .la'jobson,  Erick.^on,  Peterson,  Le 

Count,  (iarrei  Vuji  Swearingen. 


-eo%.  HO  t»!#93  ittvr  i^itroifa  l>a* 

4isT;oJ  ftodor.Jtu  <ojte9r[Ma4P  its  ,htiahl  a'tst 
99aia  fniiKitstf^n  oail»'.np,uA  s>Ji4-.v  ix^onoO  . 
‘.lOfinM  «sffl3il«>a  ’^o  t!>a'"’0  oift  »»oi!  Iw-'l 

Xs^'ssIkT  a**Tvft!^*iO.  Out  ii-t 

lol  hoxiaiusiiiteib  r-AHa  an  ,9/no(riffi'i  \i  obnn/ 
-nu  otalij-t'jocjo')  stsoHab  f>na  eJrRTTio<|  aottno 
iilnr§<rr“  :tn‘xina)ft)s  Mth  f.i  Ji  i:0  .srjiwi^ 
k)ri2xii:{ai  ba«  hdJriiifq  »i-  ' 

■^d  n /f£i'ib  Ivno  bo’AoVMn*^  lOiOI  Jii^a^kj  sidi 
4.tujac>d  is  (Mitt  '-'imsmlniodoB.  aanrirwll  «wt^rr:?|nA 
iihuodoa  *10  buMTlJ-to  odl  *io  jminoq  frA 

dth/  ho  ouuut  odr  vd  mmoq  is  nl  ■ 

l>o^.h‘[ni»  rV^iajJoD  lo^^iooroH 


moh^iuA  -»aj  nJ  lo  ,nA«tn*«-  ^>nl.«u»uA  mi  »al  » 

‘Ut£n\iit  iol  h»TA[’nhU  unis  l>ifaoUho<i  '\MimndofS  1o 

,Rwii!'pwO  ,iuig io»0  nnoa  .^dfcinid  to 

.4ini5uun'<  bn«  ,«anA  ani^ia^v^ib  rM 

^di  \o  ,l>aM  ^i9Sho'i  *>a  .it«»ola(U'a  HOI  «1 

hna  ,o^i«  eid  ,«UhnT’^U  bait  ,9»i  Jwii  ,t<.«H*T  V>  V«*»oO 
^‘tt.a  bn«  ,iuil)>^iia0  ,/tftnoaob  ,«aol 

tn  t»5nw’j-il^k  loit'Jf'rt  l»Jv  rAiiT  .bsniljinw J<i‘  JNgiiU  uiR 
•i-it  KJMoJl  atiw  'inir  at  .bujutlttU  oS  h^awi 

.lUr’f'Ji'iuo'i 

srto«>0  irU)  Rvvil*  lMtRlTii.1/-  lo  Awr{  etU  Jo  mv«^ilf^x^  aA 

.ir^.ol  ot  mi  dhif  »ids  )rmif»o 

-Ioai7;  ,l>-*i5(Ra  ^ »«oiKi  !</  Atilob  : 

-lot?  .aoiflitU  mil  .i»b.v:»  v(l  ,c««K 

'•  'Kl  ...  !,rA  >v V 

t»»V  4'X*V^»t  I 


DEATH  OF  CECIL  BALTIMORE.  165 


town,  on  the  Delaware,  and  Governor  Lovelace, 
of  New  York,  who  claimed  jurisdiction,  remon- 
strated. 

On  the  nineteenth  of  November,  1675,  Lord 
Cecil  Baltimore  died,  and  Governor  Charles  Cal- 
vert being  heir,  w^ent  to  England.  Eeturning  in 
1681,  he  discovered  that  Fendall  was  again  rest- 
less. In  a letter  to  the  Earl  of  Anglesea,  dated 
July  the  nineteenth,  he  writes:  “Some  ill-dis- 
posed persons  here,  have  been  tampering  to 
stir  up  the  people  of  Maryland,  and  the  northern 
part  of  Virginia  to  mutiny,  but  having  notice  of 
the  chief  contrivers  of  the  design,  I gave  orders 
to  apprehend  Josias  Fendall  and  John  Coode, 
two  rank  Baconists.’’ 

The  controversy  concerning  the  right  to  a por- 
tion of  the  west  shore  of  the  Delaware,  was  now 
transferred  from  the  Yew  Yetherlands,  to  one  of 
Baltimore’s  own  countrymen,  a man  who  was 
his  peer  in  birth,  education,  pecuniary  resources, 
and  court  influence. 

As  soon  as  Penn  arrived  in  America  he  pro- 
posed a conference  with  Lord  Baltimore  relative 
to  boundaries.  Tlie  meeting  took  place  in  De- 
cember, 1682,  at  the  Eidge  of  Ann  Arundel. 
Penn  perceiving  an  amanuensis  taking  notes  of 
all  that  was  said,  without  any  previous  agree- 
ment, called  the  attention  of  Baltimore  to  the 
matter,  who  assured  Ifmi  that  what  was  uttered, 
would  not  be  divulged.  The  promise,  however. 


j>ofifO'^oJ  tOitwoD  b0»  <nwo|  ;. 

-nom^i  ^aobo il>«hi/i  iw^fn  I4^b  od'rr  ^oi’ioY  vf0  <4!  to  ^ 

f/ioJ  ,<tT0.r  ,n<Kj0f">voZ  to  if)ud£*bam  9di  nO 
•Ir.O  lom  >voi)  hflB  tbolb  o^oxnilbfl  ImO 

fii  ^anmil^E  il>i^Bl);|u.I  oi  iam  ^wii  period  Ha t 
al^  ^147/  fiBb/rfi  tmil  boiavoo&lb  ad  ,im  , 
-;boXi;b  to  h^S.  sd?  0l  ^ 

•45jl4ir>)nio^**^  :8^d'i7ir  od  ^(^tftaoionia  ad| 

01  -fiiT&qfliot  049.1  svflil  ,9t0rf  Mwnoq  J>06oq 


t,!V»  V|  ^ ' ' / • 

snaiiTJolt  9ilj  biifl  ,tMi&lT!BM  lo  olqooq  »rfl  qo  -iHa 


•lo  «oiiott  ’iHiv4;cl  lad  .ViiiJimi  ol  wnhiii'/  ^o  mq 
OT'vhiD  9T«s  I.  ,n’qiwb  ‘Xij  'to  (fiaviitaoc  'isirio  otiJ 
.■jhcio'r  nclol.  f>i:JS  ilfibn?'*!  sciiscil.  i)ii'.)do-iqqa  olr. 


f 


'*.a;jfiiaoaflH  ilnin  ovri. 


>.,oq  B,ol  iri^h  mJj  -aixsimwno.)  ^Avm^iam  riM-  _ 
v/oir  gfm^,ij’ir.v/x>l9<l  ^ * 

'!o  ono  oJ  jsLnchariloK  'xxaxl  oiiJ  xiio'ii  l>9n9t8o«'fl 
?.R-ir  o&n  iift/ii  a ,n9»n7iHuJ0>  iiv/o  e’o-iornlll«ii 
gy9iuo>.97  '^aiiij.'SM]  ,.'i.')iJc‘n»b9  .tihid  ni  ixisq  eid 

.<>9|l9iifi(l!  rt«09  biw 

-Oiq  9J{  BohantA  ni  bovi  ru;  xwe'I  ea  xiooe  sA 
.>7i'i.!t,7  eimttilb^a  bioJ  liiiw  aou  jvdnoi)  a i>9«oq 
.■j«l  iii  03nl({  ioot  i^nilo'.rn  s/lT  .enmfjHWod  ol 
.\,U,unL  iuiA  o;,bni  7ff.)  J« 
to  &OJOB  i«£iJ(ii  HK  :^iiivi«ai9q  «W9d 

-fio'ri’n  sii6»797q  vn«  iooifiiv/’  ]!« 

‘ill)  "1  oioiililbiff  10  (jcii.iriS))i;  i»i()  bollw  ^i!'J«« 

.b'jiitlu  8J;v/  )mlw  ))iil)  mul  o'fvx  .ViDuifl 

. i j v,./;0£l  .•isiuKi'i.l  iii'i'  .b>>ii4i7ii>  xi  ti.i!  IiImow 


166 


TERBA  MABIJ^. 


was  forgotten,  and  as  a copy  of  the  proceedings 
were  never  submitted  to  him  for  revision,  Penn 
called  it  an  ^‘unfair  practice.’’ 

The  following  spring  the  two  .Proprietaries 
had  a second  conference  at  Xew  Castle,  which 
was  more  satisfactory.  Baltimore  wanted  to  talk 
privately,  but  Penn  desired  everything  done  in 
council  and  in  writing.  The  former  at  last 
evaded  the  whole  subject,  by  saying ‘‘he  was  not 
well,  and  the  weather  sultry,”  and  asking  a post- 
ponement. 

Before  the  .second  meeting  Baltimore  had 
issued  a proclamation  granting  lands  to  settlers 
around  Lewistown.  Penn  did  not  know  it,  until 
after  the  conference  at  Xew  Castle,  and  procur- 
ing a copy  of  the  proclamation,  sent  messengers 
to  Maryland  to  ask  an  explanation. 

At  first  Baltimore  denied  any  knowledge  of 
the  proclamation,  then  turning  to  two  gentlemen 
of  his  council  who  stood  by,  he  asked  them  if 
they  remembered  any  such  thing?  They  also 
denied  it.  “Upon  which,”  says  Penn,  “the  per- 
sons I sent  produced  the  attested  copy,  which 
refreshing  their  memories,  they  confessed.  But 
the  Lord  Baltimore  told  them  that  it  was  his 
ancient  form,  and  he  only  did  it  to  renew  his 
claim,  not  that  he  would  encourage  any  to  plant 
there.  Then  they  prayed  him  to  oall  it  in,  lest 
any  trouble  should  onsue,  hut  he  refused  it.” 

On  the  sevenieentii  of  iSt.'|itoinl)er,  IGbo,  Charles 


, ■ .Si.i:,.-, as  'kivaat ; oai ., 

«;^mb99o«iq  orfi  to  t*io3  « sr  f>flR  ,i»jio^o1  bhw 

itno^£  loyoft  oidw 

ifiiinij  **  lift  ti  L»oIifto 

8ohftjahqoj^/<mt  inir  ^rtiv^oHol  eilT 

Hi>if{w  yfoTL  J'ft  Ikiooo^  a bed 

:li  vt  ot  SKio/filjfftJl  ,'noioiHhUn^  ii'iocri  mru 

MX  <jitob  ^tudhvjr^  Iwth^h  ^ud  ^yf^^iftvrKj  , 

in  t^moi  *>dT  .^ixithw  m hm  ODonoo 

toj  gftw  yd  .toof/iria  ylodw  iidT  b^bir/^ 

A &di  bim  Jhw 

Jijsmmoq 

bnd  ^^oscfii hi fl  ‘»nito9m  bno^/oa.  9tff  fnol&f£ 

abxjftl  ^ hyimai 

:it?ui  Jl  "^onU  ivii  hH>  £iiiy‘l  ,ii7roi^hr9d  btiff&sn 
--ijmiq  bun  ,olmO  w^Z.  ta  oonerohtfjo-  gdi  nafi* 

••  rtf;ioiy%q '« d^  ^O' 

,iioi:iftMJi(<|XO  MB  ilHft  ot  bitnlxiftM  ot 
‘io  d^bobwonjl  moirrhlftfl  ttyfl  iA, 

iJOfUBhao-o  ovd  oi  ^nnnnl  ayil)  (rfoit/uii/dwq  edi 
Yf  b-idsH  till  ,vd  boo)«  od/x  Ibiinoo  Ytd  'lo 

oniii  7*>d.T  ii*3ua  yjui  b'ji^>dtu9tm’i  r^di  . 

^loq  i)dJ  ,amh  evns  *\ihid7r  fmf  J M 5»nrob 

ibith/  ,vq<^o  7£f)  [malwiq  1 ««oa ' 

mH  d,)<iait!ol4too>y;>dj  ^yYnoiWjin  nb^ifl  "^Mtda9Tl®t 
hid  s&yr  Yi  imfl  i«n^di  bloJ  snoiiiilUdl  Ir'ioJ  $i£) 
H«l  brb^X^iib  €>»(  bxiA  ,xrnol 

Jiiftiq  «>1  yjai  bfiK>v/  ‘>il  Iftdt  loti  ftnbi[*^ 

irt'jl  ,ar  ti  Hfr>  oi  imi  * l)'i7/n<}  v‘)dJ  n^dT^  ,9^9di 
”ji  vil  tssd  bliiodft 

>">l'iiiil'i  , i >dar>lq  b»  dtn'»ylnyv&^  yd/  mO 


TALBOTS  TNCURSION. 


1G7 


Baltimore  commissioned  Ms  ^^dear  cousin,”  Col- 
onel George  Talbot,  to  repair  ‘Ho  the  Skulkill, 
at  Delaware,”  and  demand  all  the  land  lying  on 
the  west  side  of  Delaware  Diver  south  of  the 
fortieth  degree  of  latitude. 

About  five  miles  from  D’ew  Castle  Talbot 
erected  a small  fort,  and  refused  to  depart,  say- 
ing that  he  would  kill  all  that  should  attempt  to 
destroy  the  block-house.  In  reply  to  Talbot’s 
demands,  Penn  prepared  an  able  paper,  in  which 
he  said  that  Charles  Lord  Baltimore  “hath  sent 
me  letters  of  a very  coarse  style,  such  as  indeed 
could  not  be  answered  without  those  terms,  which 
unbeeome  these  in  ])ublie  stations.” 

William  Penn,  on  the  eighth  of  June,  1G84, 
writes  from  Philadel})hia  to  the  Duke  of  York, 
in  allusion  to  Talbot’s  incursion,  and  Baltimore’s 
departure  for  England: 

“ How  far  these  practices  will  please  the  King 
or  Duke  it  is  not  lit  for  me  to  say,  but  if  not  mis- 
taken I shall  be  able  to  make  evident  by  law  he 
hath  almost  cancelled  his  alleMance  to  the  King 
herein,  and  exposed  himself  to  his  mercy  for  all 
he  hatli  in  this  world. 

“I  hear  he  is  gone  for  England,  and  was  so 
just  as  to  invite  me,  Iw  a letter  in  IMarch,  de- 
livered in  the  end  of  April,  informing  me  that 
toward  the  end  of  ^larch  he  intended  for  Eng- 
land. This  was  contrived  that  he  might  get  the 
Sturt  of  me,  that  making  an  interest  before  f 


Wl) 


iJ3!>b*^  %fd  f)orfbf«s£i»^fjt<ri>  rtomitlnH 
<riiinii>B  ffli  ot'Uk«;|OT  or  a^T^o^>0  J9:if> 

^xio  gmvj  Lnfif  od)  l|j3  in 

adt  iio  d^rrjofi  'I'iviyi  ‘^mn'TfuloCl  'io  obia  :iasw  odi 

^(n^ob  ffipbniQ} 

iodbiT^  f^lHjiO  7voT^  HTo^'t  >^ulriff  iuodA 
•yjk  oi  bo^.iibjj  bati  p ti^  U/tma  /i  bsfi>^>^o 

o1  bhiofifi  Ssali  l|j?  ifi'i  Wnomad 

8*;)\»dlfiT  <jI  .o«0od-5lool(f  $>rf>  ’(;oii&ob 

xloid’//  tii  ^w^n*l  oWj»  fu  £)QT/Jt|<nq  xui^^  ^fwiAxnyli 
frt/id-^  oiofiihlM  foiOwC  89hji«10  JAjrfl  bii® 
bof)biiJ  doua  fOly^is  oa^jw  vi9v  u lo  &ai 

xividw  oao Jl >00111/7/  wtirii  5<i ioa  Wnoy 

^iidwq  iu  o^odt  9moa»Jou 
,onnX> 'to  ifjii^i*)  odr  00  ,fixio*l  mx^Hfr// 
,/i'ioY  'lo,o>l0U  .^ii^  oi  mmi/mth'// 

ft'oioifntkH  f)a« «'.totlh;Toi  uoii^ollw  ni 

; ri  lol  &whP.qob 

^ni}f  oxit  ORxioit]  Hivx  aooij'j«i«|  i*Bodt  'lift  woH 

-<iin  toil  V iiiii  of  dai  ivd  Jd  jon  ti  ‘x:duCI  io 
od  v//;i  7xi  :rii.>[)/v  j oilnm  ot  oU\q  gu  Hnda  L noJui 
:!^n/}l  G/it  oi  9->jiflt3|o(la  «ix{  jiGlIootifiO  taoiofa  rf)«d‘ 
Ilxj  loJ  yyism  **id  ot  ‘tl'jsxnhl  bt'^oq/o  Lni/i  ^niG*jGd 
,.,  ddiov/ ftfdl  «f  dl«d  Gif 

oe  eiiv/  i>ire  fl>iml^^n3  nol  Giio)|  ai  &d  7iiod  I** 

oi  xgJIgI  s . olrnn  o>  Wiaiij. 

txidt  G<a j^ou  ^ih<|Aj9  Jofo.x^d  . 

xoY  Gx{  Ito  l>/iG  oili  Mcv/oi 

od)  Pt’^  uhjini  ii(l  todl  I>7vi'i)iioo  ao'/f  ^iilT  ^ .t^rial 

1 sMo'tod  lift  ^uidiou  Midi  >oia  ’If)' iiiiM. 

'ffl 

..  ' ■■i  K ii:  ..  ■ ■ :■  i® 

’f.r^  JP' 


168 


TERBA  MAR  EE. 


arrived,  he  might  block  up  my  way  and  carry 
the  point.  But  such  arts  will  never  do  where 
there  is  no  matter  to  work  upon,  which  I am 
abundantly  satisfied,  they  will  not,  they  cannot, 
find  in  the  Duke,  with  whom  I know  he  hath 
great  reason  to  ingratiate  his  cause.  I am  fol- 
lowing him  as  fast  as  I can.” 

Charles  Baltimore  hastened  to  England  under 
many  apprehensions,  for  it  was  the  first  time 
since  the  family  was  ennobled  that  the  Proprie- 
tor of  the  colony  had  not  powerful  friends  at 
Court.  Charles  the  Second  was  disposed  to  re- 
strict rather  than  concede  privileges,  not  only 
requiring  that  the  officers  of  the  colony  should 
be  Protestants,  but  complaining  of  opposition  to 
the  collectors  of  the  customs  in  the  execution  of 
their  duty,  “after  the  many  favors  which  had 
been  heaped  upon  him  and  his  father.” 

His  affairs  were  rendered  still  more  complica- 
ted by  an  occurrence  in  168d:  Christopher  Pous- 
by  was  the  King’s  Collector-General  in  Mary- 
land, and  Colonel  Talbot,  Baltimore’s  cousin, 
coming  on  board  of  his  Majesty's  ketch,  the 
Quaker,  at  the  capes  of  Yirginia,  approached 
Pousby  in  a friendly  manner,  and  taking  a favor- 
able opportunity,  stabbed  and  killed  him.  The 
captain  of  the  vessel  immediately  seized  and 
ironed  Talbot.  AVhen  the  intelligence  reached 
the  Ccnincil  of  Mmylaiul  they  (h‘puted  two  of 
tlieii-  body  to  demand  his  delivery.  Tiie  cajitaiii 


, ,4 , 
, i-fv;- 


jv 

'.V  "•? 

' . h 


/•  Bi’T  '■ 

""-'fi  J'-r/rm 

. “f-'O  I ‘>ui 

l:i 

5!  ;/;/•  :-iil  !U  filtii 

'Mr.'iijtfr  O'!  jfiO'i'g 

’ -h  >si  ^'Oisv/oi 
; " ■v-.,..::'n.,:;d  < 1") 

';  - '■  ;'.!■  "in  , 

.'t;'/;  V ' V>:?n:ia 

' :,';  ; ;n,,;,  , ,.  '^';  ‘Kit 

',  , , ! . o 1:  ■:/  ) 

■ ',  . '."i 

■ ' '■  , ,.  ■ . . ;''  •', : : : - ' ' 


. ; .'  ■.  I ii 

:,  ; •.  '0  !U:  v/f 

; ■/  ( ...'•'  ,' ■ .'I  ‘-i'l 
' ,'  , i'/ :■  i lu; 

.. j " r;  .'iO >l.cai) 

„ ; ' : r . ' ' H J’f 

„:,ovO/;,  ■//rjiu.i'icmm 

' /.v;,-;'-  r.,''7'  aO:'tqiV> 

i,  ; ' / S'  i i ,01  a'  7 7 o-xi:’ 

.ill  liji,:  ,0  - ' •:■  /jorii 


BOUNDARY  DISPUTES. 


1G9 


asked  iu  whose  name  the  requisition  was  made, 
and  they  replied  in  that  of  Lord  Baltimore.  But 
lie  refused  to  deliver  his  prisoner  to  any  but  the 
Xing’s  justices,  and  as  they  persisted  in  saying 
that  the  Proprietor  was  their  king,  he  sailed 
away,  and  Talbot  was  taken  to  Virginia,  tried  in 
April,  168G,  and  found  guilty  of  murder,  but  the 
next  year  was  pardoned  by  the  Xing. 

Upon  Baltimore’s  arrival  in  England,  James 
the  Second  was  on  the  throne,  and  although 
the  Proprietary  was  a Poman  Catholic,  Edward 
Petre,  a Jesuit,  the  friend  and  confessor  of  the 
Xing,  proved  an  opponent.  The  Proprietor  of 
Pennsylvania  after  a few  months,  also  appeared 
in  England,  and  both  were  for  some  time  busy 
in  collecting  evidence  by  which  they  might 
strengthen  their  claims. 

Frequently  they  came  before  the  Committee 
of  lhantations,  and  in  the  journal  of  its  proceed- 
ings is  the  following  entry,  dated  October  the 
seventeenth,  1G85: 

“My  Lord  Baltimore  and  Mr.  Penn  were  - 
.called  in,  and  my  Lord  Baltimore  having  under- 
taken to  procure  an  authenticated  copy  of  a re- 
port made  by  the  Committee  for  Foreign  Planta- 
tions on  the  fourth  day  of  April,  1C38,  touching 
the  differences  between  my  Lord  Baltimore’s 
predecessors  and  AVilliam  Clayborne  about  the 
Isle  of  Xent,  my  Lord  Baltimore  declared  he 
cannot  iiinl  the  «,)riuinal,  wherelty  an  attested 

15 


car  'i 

■„-V^  ■ ■■’  ""  ', 

j?>l3BciT  «w  orfj:  tKUJin  ohoih/  iii 

jxiiir  <ii  vi>£[j 

!S>Jt  «rti  oi  oil 

^niyaa  nl  toifeiwtoq  tsooliaiii, 

bolijia  od  'liodJ  aav/  od^ 

fli  bonJ  ;&iui:^iF7^  iiodfil^  uw  JodkT  bna  ^’^Av/a 
odMxjJ/iolnaiix'io  yltii;^  bnridj:  BciJi  J80C  (IhfiA^ 
.'^awl  od?  vd  bonofrjuq  ftAW  Jxoa 
emUiZ  ^bnnh^LilK  nJ  In  rrnii  a'momitlnLl  aoqlJ^  — 
d^^ffodih  hiifi  ^fusmiU  oils  {lo  «A7f  biioooB  odJ 
imwbld  ^oiloilTaO  afirno/I  a hj:  //^  ’^iAlohqo*i*I  odJ 
(>Jj  lo  •nmdhwo  bfsn  hiwni  odi  ,1io^'/j(r  a ,£nio^t 
lo  lOjohqu’j'l  OtlT  .iiioooqqo  ftn  bo7 cn( f 
bovioqqn  o«fn  ^siln^kui.  n TiHa  jsuri;7i'i(;8nrio^{ 
omiJ  oirto?.  idl  oi7W  dtod  bn«  dmai^nld  iff 
ti^rm  tfoiJy/  ;(;d  ooir'ddyo  ^iiiioolloo  v*if 

.auiialo  'jjodi  iiOilt^itO‘ita 
6'iUiinmoO  odj  o'ldlod  omno  vodj 
-booootq  pJi  lo  ui  bna  ,j<iioit;durJ*£'to 

9tlt  ‘t'jdoioO  boJab  t'crbio  ^iiiiv/olb  Vodt 

‘.rSOf  ^dJiroolflOYOB 

‘ oy-y?r  «no*l  bsm  oio/nhhdJ  frunl  ** 
-iol.Hftf  ^nivad  MOiniJfidl  Ino.l  yjn  hun  jd  bolko 
-O'!  A "io  xqoo  bo^AoilavdliJA  iii|. 

-liiaalM  ir)^bto'’i  idi  ooJJiiUirtoU odt  obnailyoq 
^’niibpol  di'iqA  'Jo  -^Ab  (nil  no  auoii 

FrioatiitrJl  frioll  (nt  ii‘>07/Jod  ><7*>imriltih  oil! 
Off}  iifodfi  'Mfioil /ni' ) Ifiia  viorthfyjojjoyq 

od  Iyytf:by>b  otomIdAlI  kiovl  '(in  i?bl 

bob.Ylk  /TA  7(f'/(Mf//  diJJJi^fV/  Ofi)  biilt  iomuio 

ei 


170 


TERRA  MARLE. 


copy  rmiy  be  produced ; their  Lordships  agree 
to  report  iheir  opinion  that  the  tract  of  land  now 
in  disimte  does  not  belong  to  my  Lord  Balti- 
more.” At  a subsequent  meeting  in  ^7ovember 
they  declared,  that  for  avoiding  further  diffi- 
culty the  tract  of  land  lying  between  the  liiver 
and  Bay  of  Delaware,  and  the  Eastern  Sea  on 
the  one  side,  and  Chesapeake  Bay  on  the  other, 
be  divided  into  two  equal  parts  by  a line  from 
the  latitude  of  Cape  Ilenlopen  to  the  fortieth 
degree  of  northern  latitude;  and  that  one-half 
thereof  lying  between  the  Bay  of  Delaware  and 
the  Eastern  Sea  be  adjudged  to  belong  to  his 
Majesty,  and  that  the  other  half  remain  to  the 
Lord  Baltimore  as  comprised  within  his  charter.” 
Matters  here  rested  until  1702,  when  negotia- 
tions were  renewed,  and  the  controversy  was  not 
hnally  settled  until  July  the  fourth,  1760,  when 
Frederick  Lord  Baltimore,  and  Richard  and  John 
Penn  perfected  terms  of  agreement. 


; , . . A'-  ■ ii . h 

AiK,:  v;;.:  A;..'.:  A-^'  : ' ^ ^ r.j 

1;  bioj  Vl/t  '’A  AiflO!*.*-  , ^ 

i 70d»jTOVO  IC  J'U  1 ( IJ  < f;  ’ ‘ ' U 

i -Hl.’h  loi 

Oil!  IJO-'M'’'}  v' ) 1 '•'-''‘A:  '/.'ifil') 

I A ;ro;A' I 'vAA  ‘'0';  ' ’■  hrri-i 

' . r. ?(],!:;  '>d;  !A>  j i.AVii  .>  ; ■ '''  i.l\} 

t '.(fit  AfO,'  A ■; d OA-/  ■ ;:  ■■A..,',': 

||  A'Ai'iiA'  ;>■'  1 E V-"  fi'A j;. 

i'  ‘dt„  A;. A A'.:  ; si ' 'ji'd'  A 


1',  i>Aa.'  ''AT  .di:::AT  '::fj  '.M.iTA  ,’  S;'  'rdiA^s  YihAlfl 

A ,;  i j.;'i  ' i ij  / ' 'i  S < . '!  u- i ^ ,'i‘in'dsjld 

t A^'vms  ' ‘i/*’  'M  'rs‘  r=  s ;>sAsq  <iUoH 

r ^ ■ 

f 


CHAPTER  SIXTH. 

REVOLUTION  OF  1689 ESTABLISHED  CHURCH 

OF  THE  COLONY,  AND  PRESBYTERIANISM. 

ITUS  OATES,  once  a wortliless  clergy- 
man of  the  Church  of  England,  and 
subsequently  an  inmate  of  a Jesuit 
College  on  the  Continent,  constructed  an  alarm- 
ing fiction,  that  the  Pope  had  intrusted  the  Gov- 
ernment of  England  to  the  Jesuits,  who  had  ap- 
pointed priests  and  Poman  Catholic  noblemen 
and  gentlemen  to  all  the  highest  offices  in 
Church  and  State,  and  among  his  black  list  of 
conspirators  was  included  the  name  of  Charles 
Lord  Baltimore.^ 

In  addition  to  the  opposition  of  Father  Petre, 
the  Proprietary  was  obliged  to  bear  the  odium 
of  this  calumny  among  the  populace.  As  he 
rode  to  and  from  the  meetings  of  the  Committee’ 
of  Trade  and  Plantations,  to  discuss  the  bound- 
ary question  with  AVilliain  Penn,  he  could  see 
the  excited  crowd  talking  about  Oates,  now  on 


-lo  ^KotTWJOTSX^ 

.-®|^^&.Mai»AIMTY»iX3*J.raMA'',YM:OJob  'aHT-^YOa 

If. 


r ,k0mlsmO  '^>x{tvxio>-^»;!^»IIdO 

^vox)  Oift  J>oilotliii  fexirf  «Kfo^  atft  *% 


■’■  ■' ^jcx  f>$j0ioq  : 

y. , fl'Wjjj  st()  ^i^xacii(l0i>;|;::  .fe'Sn'.g' 

|iii^  :g^«omxi ' l»aix  xioi«i05 j_. 

bahmO^o  omsia  mtifMjuhm  a07*r^<>iiniq^o^ 

iorfla^  ffdfiiftoqxjo  srfjjof  noiJfI>ba  x«I 
^ (Offtbo  Offh'imd.  oJ , M^xldo  scvf/^^^ijaiohqQi^r  axfl 

^.doxjitrqoq  &dX  /^fMnwtiJO  »idl  1o  V, 

i, »■'■;;  ;■.'  ■•■  - oxi^'k)  1,111^0011  hx?a  ol^jboT^^  ^ 

I»looa.'2^;oiI  \lii. 

■ ‘W'  tjo ■ w on  ,^ifiik)l$uo4u'^ ^ i:>0^  bwcno  bolm^^d I ' 


.,.j , 


;'',i#.: ,y-i!(  ni ) '^  ■ s®aafifisw^^« ^ 


172 


TERRA  MAREE. 


trial  at  Westminster  Hall,  whose  short  neck, 
purple  cheeks,  low  forehead,  and  crooked  legs, 
stamped  him  as  a villain  of  the  lowest  order. 

Two  years  later,  James  determined  to  destroy 
the  charter  of  Maryland,  and  the  Attorney-Gen- 
eral was  ordered  to  prepare  a qiio-warranto, 
which  was  hindered  by  a change  of  dynasty. 

In  the  midst  of  the  political  dissensions  which 
arose,  and  led  to  the  Eevolution  of  1689,  Balti- 
more from  conviction  sided  with  the  Jacobites, 
against  the  Prince  of  Orange.  But  it  is  said 
that  he  immediately  gave  in  his  adherence  to 
AS'illiam  and  Mary,  after  the  flight  of  James, 
and  dispatched  orders  to  have  their  accession  to 
the  throne  proclaimed  by  his  deputies.  These 
instructions  never  seemed  to  have  arrived — not, 
at  least,  until  the  new  sovereigns  had  been  joy- 
fully recognized  in  the  sister  colonies.  More- 
over, when  the  authorities  heard  of  the  invasion 
of  England  by  the  Prince  of  Orange,  they  had 
deemed  it  expedient  to  gather  the  public  arms, 
scattered  in  the  different  counties,  and  impris- 
oned several  persons,  Avho  were  accused  of  at- 
tempts to  excite  disturbance.  The  motives  for 
these  acts  by  aspirants  for  power,  were  greatly 
distorted. 

The  watchword  of  the  dominant  party  in  Eng- 
land was  ‘‘Xo  Popery,'’  and  a few  artful  dema- 
gogues in  the  Province  of  ]^rar}'laiid  echoed  the 
cry,  and  iudustriou.-ly  wort:ed  U[»on  the  pas.-ions 


STf  ■ -i 

BPii')ihff  jHijTT'  'ii>.i^iiTHn)R^'V/'  1/i  Lint  .■  'rS 

oLprjq  ,* 

t " /(Silno  1ao'’/7oir>ili  'io  mdVrr  n ; n miif  LoqiriiJsla^  | 

I rjrimh  oi  bouinmPjb  »9iaal  patiJ  tw^x  ov/r  !3  j 1 

\ ,/»eO-t‘^inoPA  Oill  fxin  Ito  %o1iiiJd  oift  > I 

,otf\V4'iijiw.o;q>  /)  o.t  f)rrii>hio  m^i  too  j i 

41-riia /b  1o  u \d  b{>iof)niiI  enw  dorib/f^^  ^ j -f 

, tf v.r{fw  molm i ir>itiloq-  1,o. tjibixii  xil  ■ 'm  1 fj 

i>  -idiiCr  ‘l<>  xJoilixfovoE  ot  hoi  bfm  ^ j t 

I • J>xfnf  5'r// by  noityivijoo  ixroil  Q^om  * j 

I bia<^  y.i  ti  Ml  ■ 3isrnmO '*to  ot)fih'X  odt  tarfifr^B  -VI  , i' ! 

ot  yoi'myijbii  Ait(  iii  e7xr^  vfyteiboKmfi  yil  truft  1 4^ 

' Xo  Lbjb  Silt  Min  ii.yxi  iiuiiiftVr  Vi'  s|f  j 

o)  (foia»s:;s«  irjibl  svjul  ot  teisbio  bsibiXJq*^^^  i '-^i  i 

J.'  s<i'‘jtiT  .BSn'nqob 'dd  Td  JxiitxXiiiiis^^  '.  f 

• . • ^iov>wj  ftfforioTJi'hiffi  • 

I i.f$#od  hnd  '511'^ix/fovo^  vfon  yiit  lltfjfj  ^8/isi  ixi  ^ 

I .asinoloo  -iMo  oili  ni  IMiip^pofn  ' I 

V fjoi^fjviii  oJ)  \o  InRsil  c^sijhxiiiit.m  odt  usifw  psvo  , : 

ii/d  1o  »'t)iihM  odl  ^<1  bnfti>^iiJI  Xo  ’'  ■'  '9 

f /dniii  sHibiq  oift  'irjfltirx;^  ot  tftsibxfZ')  it  boiiiosb  I 

I >aii<imt  bfu;  ^fcoitfuioy  ix»siyfh1>  sdt  tn  h-jMf/ioa  ■ '■  ‘ ‘M 

f dxi 'to  o*i  jn  oxhv  imwa  hotm  ^ « 

icX  f7p7floxii  xniT,v  , ’ 

; rljfiO't:}  oiw  /iorroq  fo'k  atmrnipit*  vJ  aSon  oasdt  ■ i « 

,.|  ••.,■  MolMdh  ^ , Myff  , 

P ‘ ,,  Cfl  -(tiJifi  infif!i‘r:if»l>-  Slit  ’io1>w7ffb>}isvr  odT'  ! J-  ; 

j -xiitoB  Inij^n  7/dt  i;  biiii biitjl  '.-a 

I yJl  l»ood>^^  biu;lT;ii;i/^  lu  ?r>ttivO'<'{  yt))  ni 

oil)  •d,<|jtohi«uBiji  btm  ^ 


JOHN  COODE,  173 

and  fears  of  tlie  scattered  and  ignorant  planters. 
It  is  possible, 

“Some  truth  there  was,  but  dash’d  and  brew’d  with  lies.”^ 

Bj  a singnlar  coincidence,  the  head  of  the 
revolution  in  Maryland  was  John  Coode,  who, 
like  Titus  Oates,  had  been  ordained  as  a minis- 
ter of  the  Church  of  England,  but  was  wholly 
destitute  of  character  and  respectability.  Said 
a cotemporary:  “It  will  be  an  extraordinary 
thing  when  these  governments  are  without  such 
sort  of  persons  as  Coode,  who  I think  is  a demo- 
cratic Ferguson  in  principles  of  government;  an 
Ilobbist  or  worse  in  principles  of  religion.  It 
was  his  maxim,  ‘ If  much  dirt  is  thrown,  some 
of  it  will  stick.’ 

About  the  middle  of  March,  1689,  a false  re- 
port was  circulated,  that  the  Indians  were  at  the 
head  of  the  Patuxent  wuth  hostile  intentions, 
and  on  this  pretext  Coode  and  his  associates,  de- 
manded arms  and  ammunition  of  the  authori- 
ties, which  were  readily  granted. 

Altliough  it  was  soon  ascertained  that  there 
was  not  tbe  slightest  truth  in  the  rumor,  the  less 
intelligent  had  become  suspicious,  and  every 
night  those  that  were  devout,  prayed  to  be  deliv- 
ered from  the  tomahawk  of  the  savage  and  their 
Papal  coadjutors. 


- Gov.  Nicholson,  in  ( '!iHliner.s. 
\f\^ 


‘ iJr^  dcn. 


'.i.  M 


at! 


I- 


VEHOV 


htxsr  ‘io  bm 


(dldia»0{|  ax  il 


ii*A'«  l/noyd  hiiM  f/sSenb  iu<f  tMsnr  B-todJ  iliu-rj  »mo8 


Chit  'io  f>iiod  ^f)'^ac)hhnhc^  rtilngaia  ^ 

j^c>f{7r  f)n6hrfiM  ist  aoiiuloven 

-maim  # fexs  jhsiTixiino  ii^stf  hnd  eaiiT  D^il 

■ ' * 

ybodrr  RK7/’  lo  don0iiO  lo 

bx%i8  ba£  xotoinsib  lo  adumatib 

X'ifimIno2'itxo  ‘ fui  od  Hr.v  il'-*  ,: y^iiiioqxfi^too  a 
dojjt  ii^oduw  yifi  9Jat>£mn  jvog  o&rjdi  itodv/  galsif 
-<xmb  M fj  ilasdt  1 od;^r  ^ohof)0  9s  <non^q  lo  l*io« 
<(ii  : tacA:uivy/cgdo  >^elqht!h<[  fd  ifoeugio^i  oliBV)^ 
tV  drob^cjyy  1q  a^i)iqi^Arinq  fir  ohioh  lo  iRiddoH 
jfm>B  ^nv/oixiJ  ai  1‘tib  daim  'll*  ^mlrMm  hid 

-t#i  oaidl  ij  4(:>'!jo]^  lo  ^)Jhbtnr  odl  iijocJA 
ydl  oiyv/’  fcaxiibal  t>ifi  .bvOjiilayyio  e«w  tioq 
pfitcod  tbiw  in$xijijd.l  uxJLl  'to  b/x^xl 
-tib  .minirKir.tJi  aid  ha/t  &b(H>'.)  ;f/:ote'iq  aiiJi  no  boa 
-hoxitmj  1o  ooiJiMOflixnr.  baa  gitna  boboxjm 
. i>£#itun^  (,li bjs  >i  &7orr  ihhi’fr 
07odj  boifir{j'iyo^«  noon  arr// li  ilguotUlA 
a>.el  .y.‘ 1 ^7omsn  yift  iti  /iSinS  )!',oiiIgrh  'jtii  ion  ativr 
yvr/^  Iwii  ,r.u6hiq^jJH  ocnoood  Imd  hi'jgifhinl 
-yrilub  0^  oi  bi  ^^xnq  bHii  eaoilJ  iii;sdii 

'■'riajii  bae.si^cvi;.!.  t^d,)  ‘io  >(v/mb2i«al  orftyaoabbiito 

-p-.  , 

.M‘>mi*5ii'>  .viiO  V 

V.I 


' mi ' 
1 


iS 


M 


174 


TERRA  MARLE. 


In  April  was  formed  association  in  arms 
for  the  defence  of  the  Protestant  religion,  and 
for  asserting  the  rights  of  King  William  and 
Queen  Mary  to  the  Province  of  Maryland  and 
all  the  English  dominions,”  of  which  Goode  was 
the  leading  spirit;  and  a pamphlet  was  issued 
from  the  press  ^ of  Eichard  Cuthead,  at  Saint 
Mary’s,  filled  with  the  most  reckless  charges 
against  the  Proprietary  and  his  deputies. 

On  the  sixteenth  of  July,  a messenger  came 
to  Henry  Darnall,^  at  ^lattapany,  one  of  the 
councillors  of  the  colony,  and  stated  that  Goode 
was  raising  an  armed  force  on  the  Potomac. 
Golonel  Digges,  of  Saint  Clary’s,  gathered  to- 
gether one  hundred  men  to  resist  those  that 
were  marching  toward  the  place;  but  ho  was 
compelled  by  the  superior  numbers  of  Goode  to 
surrender  the  town  and  records. 

The  factionists,  taking  some  cannon  out  of  a 
ship  from  London,  that  was  in  the  river,  pro- 


• The  first  printing  press  an<l  earliest  pamphlet  publishetl  in 
the  province. 

’ Davis,  in  “Da3’--star  of  Freedom,”  says;  “The  Darnalls,  of 
London,  arrived  about  twenty  years  before  the  Protestant  Uev- 
olution.  Colonel  Henry  Da  mail,  the  emigrant,  was  the  son  of 
Philip  Darnall,  and  a kinsman  of  Lord  Baltimore.  He  re>ide<l 
at  the  ‘Wood  Yard,’  in  Prince  George  Comity,  and  at  a later 
period  at  Portland  Manor,  in  Anne  Arundel.  His  tombstone  is 
at  the  Wood  Yard.  The  vane  upon  the  housetop,  the  wain- 
.-eolted  w;i!!.  t]ie  nihei'  rclieS  .ind  iiu  iiiurial'^  relatitig  to  tlie  < ra 
of  the  Darnalls,  are  all  prescrvcil  uiih  the  most  stiuiious  earc. 


I 


j^tr 


e^rfH  ni  fioflbbd  I>‘>ffncA  «/jv^  fhqA  id 

OjfB ‘lo  Bonafej>  aili  lol 
firrw  ifiailTP/f  otii  ^ni>i6aftB  lol 

Jhi«  *io  B!)iTivuid  Blit  o1  noonP 

BbooO  i{.^ufv!/  *i^  '^Hiioruitnof)  Bib  If« 

bbuerdi  %fX'U  |>!if<jionq  n f>iro  ;thiq«t  Bib 

in  ,f>f}^ibijD  bimbid  lib  ^?.cBiq  odf  mori 
d-roimh  taom  Gift  dim  hoUIi 

.aBiiiiq  Hif  him  '^'rutGhqpi'‘I  Gib  ianixj^n 
onmo  if^oimatnfi  y»  ^vJtiX^  ^o  din9&fxh  Gib  iiO 
odi  lo  mUf  jVnuqnii/il/.  i&  yifimiid  oS 

bl>Oi>^  indi  fyoisdti  ban  ^yrioioG  Gib 'ip  tmUioswoo 


Mniiioj(dl  (fdf  no  o<rtcd  fyjmr,  tm  ^malm  auw 
*oi  to  t«G^:!iiKT  fG/foloO 

lihb  Gaoib  ot  /lOin  bGnbmiil  a»io  TGifiGg 

arr//  Gil  tW'd  ; ?mk|  Gib  bmv/ol  ^nub*f£mi  GiGvr 
oi  ol»ooD  lo  aT)Jifiim  *JOh*x]ua  wib  ‘■(d  bGHGqraoo 
.feinooGT  hifB  ov^ot  orb  'Toi>no'n08 
11  io  tijo  iioiimiG  G/jioa  ^istaiiyorioul  adT 

-cnq  ^ lo/h  *>ib  iir  air//  .tiub  ^oobitoJ  raod  qhfa 


fli  l‘tifl  guMnhfli  l«ii^  odT  * 

^(WHfivo'tqf  ftifi 

^0  fiUt-tilU  *•  ui  « 

ja4jlff5tanr*l  adJ  «iv'S<»d  >wo<l«  «fioba« J 

lt»  iiu%  will  »«w  ,4u«*j^i«T?9  »dl  Jlii/niiil  ^■»noH  IOiif4«.»G 

IbVJ  %>' k^(H»tfU'  £ I‘iiA  ,Ifflair^f«J  qrnrf*f 
h<  itaa  ,’4JiJiu!»r)  9pjur»*)  itt  \0'rja7  hoo'^.*  1« 

•<i  *>in*v*»l»wol  tifi  */.  (taftk  nr  ,waM}f.  1# 

•«wjvi  flifl  <<{♦,. isj^-uAti  «,iih  *)»ny  'f»dT  boftV/  ip 

j.iT»  '»»J|  vt  j(ailr:f.'i‘<  >1/4  -*i.i  )m,i.  *iydu#  t;uO 

.‘UAij  jKMUi  yUl  iin  n bov  U*  itn^i  .vtlo/itiitri  a/i* 


MATTAPANY  GIVEN  UP. 


175 


ceeded  to  Mattapany,  the  Government  Houvse, 
which  was  near  to  the  brick  mansion  that  had 
been  built  by  Lord  Charles  Baltimore  for  a resi- 
dence, and  demanded  its  delivery.  To  keep 
awake  the  fears  of  their  adherents,  the  leaders 
of  the  insurgents  employed  a man  to  ride  up 
post-haste,  with  a letter  stating  that  the  neigh- 
boring Indians  had  cut  their  corn  and  disap- 
peared from  their  villages,  and  that  an  English- 
man had  been  found  disemboweled.  After  Mat- 
tapany was  given  up,  the  Council  of  Maryland 
endeavored  to  send  a letter  by  a ship  captain  to 
London,  but  lie  declined  to  be  the  bearer.  A 
summons  was  now  sent  by  the  successful  party 
to  the  freemen  of  the  province  to  elect  bur- 
gesses for  an  Assembly.  The  men  of  note,  and 
men  of  estate,  disregarded  the  demand.  The 
County  of  Ann  Arundel,  which  is  accounted 
the  most  populous,  and  richest  of  the  whole 
province,  and  wherein  is  but  one  Papist  family, 
unanimously  stood  out,  and  would  not  elect  any 
burgesses.”^  On  the  third  of  August  the  Assem- 
bly met,  at  the  house  of  Philip  Lynes,  at  the 
head  of  Britton  Bay,  and  ^Michael  Taney,-  the 
Sheriff  of  Calvert  County,  was  brought  before 
them  on  the  third  of  September,  and  imprisoned 


' Narrative  of  Mrs,  Smitli. 

" Micli:iel  T;uu*y  ^vas  tlio  aueesior  of  the  late  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Cnited  Stuies. 


/ 


^G8Woii  #f^infn^?v'0 
Liilf  liijrfi  rnkm^'f^  >bhd  p 
-hm  ^ lol  dtoftihl/id  JnoJ  jRad  noocf 

qooi4  oT  WfjniuuoF)  f>n/i 

^■mhaol  Qfft  ^^iao’5fpfih«.,,ir0.rf-t  1o  Kij^pV^iU  Q:^u'm 
(|0  of)ii  ot  «/iat  ii  fdiaj^faaiif  Bib  io 

9cf:l  Jisjfi  *f$lioF  si  shvn  ,oJe;fu{4)e.p<| 

bim.  u'io^^  >ta*j  fjjuf  a(iiiibal  :gaii'o<I 

nn  .ti-.iii  ixiSii  .ao'^iilUv  •fi^dt  saon'i  b$^ftnq 
4/{l/!  'lufiA.  Jiohvodffifi^^ib  haw’fi  sfB^  had  usutt 
hanhnsiU  to  lioanoO  ^tft  ,qw  bow  ^nft<fEut 

0t  nwJq«'>  qld^,  a yd  « bwB  oi  imovo^^brio 

A .wt^d  #>/it  od  oj  osi  ^ifd  ,nobtro J 

Idi^aopotie  odi  7<i  v/oif  fisiy/  mosmtusa 
‘'iifd  iocd?)  oi  BBSfiroiq  odt^  ^ 
him  ,oi<m  'io  itahf  odT  Mthisa^^Axi^s  ii<^ 
pdT"'  d)noffi;>l)  od)  isosa 

Lotnwoooo  hI  (biit  Y/  J^barn  A fin  A \o  •’^torjoO 
?sbnfw  *io  Umhh  buss  ,aiioJiH|oq  J^oia  pili 
//liiraft  aifo  aJ  aiYiYtfv/  biio  ,*)>iriYO*jq 

:to‘jl9  foil  blfjovr  bna  ftwo  ’^(ftaoxnraoafjr 

-moha A &rU^tafj^;w A lu  b-nifi  y<Ii  aO  *' 

«>ilt  to  (|ilidd  'to  OBood  odl  in  ^v>$a  i}d 

i>i.it  '^^7,p4i/jT/bodofK  iwn  iiotthlf  lo  bo^ii 
iiioHyd  ithir/oid  hoy/^  tYOvloO  *to  "fthoiiB 

bYUp’^ii'Kjpii  ba^  Fnali  otll  no  xaodi 


, . ■ '.  j - to._-.  «A..'4-.. 

.♦Iiifii?*  *‘'•1^  to  9Yi)«’rr«i!2  * 
i»obi)4wt  1vJ40  »iO  lo  9ib  "0»jRirT 

o4l  to 


176 


TERRA  MARlJi:. 


at  Charlestown,  because  he  would  not  acknowl- 
edge their  authority. 

Jacob  LeisJer,  alarming  the  fanatical  Protest- 
ants of  Xew  York  Colony,  about  the  same  time, 
overturned  that  Government,  and  frequent  cor- 
respondence was  had  with  Coode. 

Leisler,  on  the  twenty-iifth  of  August,  in- 
formed Governor  Treat,  of  Connecticut,  that 
one  man  had  arrived  in  Yew  York  w'ho  alhrmed 
that,  ‘^at  the  head  of  Patapsque,”  there  were 
murdered,  ten  days  before,  whole  fixinilies — one 
woman  only  escaping,  and  that  it  was  found  out 
by  their  habits  that  they  were  Canada  Indians. 

On  the  eighteenth  of  September,  the  Assem- 
bly of  Maryland  proposed  mutual  correspond- 
ence with  that  of  Yew  York.  Capt.  William 
Hi  irris,  one  of  the  delegates,  bore  the  letter,  and 
the  proposition  was  heartily  embraced. 

Coode,  on  the  twenty-fifth  of  Yovember,  wu'ote 
to  Leisler:  “I  believe  our  great  men  of  this 
province,  some  of  yours  and  Yew  England,  were 
a cabal,  and  held  a correspondence  against  tin* 
Protestant  interest,  as  it  was,  and  is  the  en- 
deavors of  the  Papist  world;  beside  which  ob- 
servation we  made  before  our  motion  here,  from 
several  and  frequent  messages  from  your  parts 
hitlinr,  especially  to  the  priests,  who  have  always 
been  the  chief  sharers  of  the  management  of  in- 
trigues, against  the  Protestants. 

••Three  oi'  our  Popish  governors  are  fled — 


0"£ 

I'hfcy/i'  Oil  .j%vc ■’■'?> hij'dr)  .tfi 

.virii'v;: jMtj  •rJ'>)riJ' 

Tftf/Bft-o.nt  :>d,t  <Toonl* 

^stxur  9nri;Ai  jfftH'bi  //noloO  :>h'f  ( *io  ^ainn 

•'too  *1  b/u:  .laont/nDvoO  lofni^irivo 

■^^V;-''vfeooD  iisvn  hsid  m'^r 

-rrb  {md'X^n^^vrf  odj  ao 

JfjjB  ■ ,irr;jf^)';Hmor)  '^o  i;;-:aT^_;_:ip'a"?070t.) 
b'HTiiHifi  od‘7  :-i‘S"Y  woTT  jd  b^'/frr.^  biiH  n^fii  inio 
•J'liJW  DTOiIt  ' p.;*,fd;l  lO  OiIj  j1''‘ 

v)(IO 'i''"' i b;:  I - . iK7iib  Ji7t  fUl 

ino  bajiot  ’'K7’  ij  bnj;  .•s/fi’.jii-x-iO  .diro  0i^i!io7;’ 
/.•liJbVjI  ■>•:<' rv  v/>-'b  Mdi  •ij‘iJjU .vtf'- 

-Ui'.v-K./..  7H1  }c  ‘>ift  0O 

4uiO([>7>i'i(/.>  lnuji.sOT  ’bijxsbnj;]^,  'to  '{U' 

nnsilH.W.  JqJiO  J-io'l  lyf/i  I0 

Oil)  O'r'J  i>i(t  'to  f>iio  .nhii;!! 

‘.))<>‘'  v/  ^7vHi0ivvo7[ '1.0  drift -'7^0974  7if1  cK)  ^id)ooO 
■■•id]  ')>■.  M-ifH  h.i'.rp>  iTr'c'.  j>7;iilod  I ot 

77T//  b^-*  ric07  toY^aiOB  ,07,hV4>iq 

•jil.t  'r>, ■'■':.<  ■;■  /:  l>f‘jif  Inff:  Jjidtr.>  «• 

-i{->  adl ()iir  tl  an  .b'.7i7liir 

-.io  d>b; ;/  obi%(Hi ' ; dl-n*:  //  }/uyi*i  'l>  --:wn5b{)‘ 
:i  /:■'}  /r>‘.,'-[  ’lUo  '.mitvd  oIm;iTI  W 

.’  i*..rv,  •i0r,5  / ' .IfrvnjVVf't. ' bith'-  Urrrw 

odv/  ,fc!>-/>r7t  *Mi']  nr 
-fU'to  Isr-«ai7;p:«ll5i:i  ■>■7}  !•■ 

r »■  " , , , , j .,  ; 'f  , . 

- ‘/Hi  K'i*>n‘i7 1 v:#'iiti. 


MURDER  OF  JOHN  PAINE. 


177 


Daniall,  Josephs/  and  Sewall  / we  have  two 
only  in  custody — one  Pye/  and  Hill  / which 
three  had  a design  toward  your  parts.  They 
have  with  them  a small  yacht  and  brigantine;  if 
they  be  not  retaken — we  have  sent  after  them — 
we  desire  you  will  please  to  be  as  kind  as  cir- 
cumstances will  permit.” 

The  excitement  was  increased  at  this  time  by 
Se  waif’s  servants  killing  John  Paine,  who  had 
succeeded  Pousby,  the  King’s  collector,  who 
had  been  murdered  by  Talbot.  They  were  im- 
mediately seized,  tried,  and  executed. 

Iveiielm  Chcseldjm,  Speaker  of  the  Assembly, 
on  April  third,  IGbO,  expresses  “their  sorrow  at 
the  massacre  of  Schenectady,”  and  also  informs 
Leisler,  that  they  have  voted  speedy  aid  and  as- 
sistance; and  a few  weeks  later,  Wm.  Blanken- 


^ "William  Josephs  was  President  of  the  Council.  Ilis  asso- 
ciates were  Henry  Darnall,  Nicholas  Sewall,  "Williara  Burgess, 
father-in-law  of  Sewall;  Colonel  Talbot,  cousin  of  Baltimore; 
William  Digges,  John  Darnall,  Thomas  Taillor,  of  the  Pvidge  of 
Anne  Arundel;  Vincent  Lowe,  Surveyor-General;  William  Ste- 
vens, and  Clement  Hill,  Deputy  Commissioner. 

2 Near  the  mouth  of  the  Patuxent,  originally  dwelt  the  iMat- 
tapanients,  and  here  the  Jesuits  erected  a*  storehouse,  which 
was  subsequently  given  to  Henry  Sewall  by  the  Proprietary. 
Ilis  widow  Jane,  Cltarles  Lord  Baltimore  married,  and  at  this 
point,  says  Oldmixon,  he  built  a house,  “for  convenience 
rather  than  magnificence.”  Nicholas  Sewall,  a step-son  of 
Lord  Baltimore,  is  the  one  alluded  to  by  Coodo. 

^ Prubobly  Pyle,  a prominent  Buniau  Catholic  of  that  day. 

‘ ClemeuL  Hill. 


i 


i 

■j 

j 


178 


TEBBA  MARIjE. 


stein  and  Amos  Xieliolls  were  appointed  Agents 
for  Maryland,  to  reside  at  Xew  York. 

King  'William  expressed  his  approbation  of 
the  acts  of  the  Protestant  associators,  and  au- 
thorized the  leaders  to  continue  as  officers  ad  iv- 
terini.  Lord  Baltimore  was  also  outlawed,  but 
in  1691  the  King  reversed  the  decree,  while  he 
deprived  him  of  the  political  administration  of 
the  province. 

Lyonel  Copley,  on  April  ninth,  1692,  appeared 
before  the  Assembly  of  Maryland,  with  a royal 
commission,  and  was  immediately  recognized  as 
Governor. 

One  of  the  first  steps  taken,  was  to  abolish  the 
law  protecting  all  classes  of  Christians,  enacted 
in  the  days  of  the  English  civil  war;  and  in  an 
act  entitled,  ‘M^or  the  service  of  Almighty  God, 
and  the  establishment  of  the  Protestant  relig- 
ion,” passed  in  1692,  and  in  another  law  of  the 
year  1694,  the  Church  of  England  was  made  the 
established  church  of  the  colony,  and  the  privi- 
lege of  public  worship  was  not  allowed  to  Poman 
Catholics.  The  Assembly  of  the  year  1695  an- 
nulled the  acts  of  the  two  previous  years,  and  in 
1696,  it  was  enacted,  that  the  Church  of  England 
in  the  colony,  should  enjoy  all  the  rights  estab- 
lished by  law  in  the  Kingdom  of  England,  in  all 
matters,  not  provided  for  by  tlie  laws  of  the 
province.  The  Quakers  sent  an  agent  to  Eng- 
land, to  prevent  the  approval  of  such  partial 


8TI 


l!)t>i ; I f<y  ] rt  ■ ^ys ; f "ff  xlloil-’t  ^ KOifiA  biui  iti*>is 
- , .:.{iir>Y’  ’wovl'^K  ol 

^r,rB  jyiTi'i  ,fe'jo.Uibo^^fi  t(tiVls£>j<ri^I  odtY'-> 

.s/v4>%  ^ svmt\v.r}Ot  i>i'{i.  I>o.v;hotri 

1'./(I  BiS-w 

vd  elniw  ,7  /t  ‘ d>  7tit  )il1  m 

lo  a<>itolK{.riiaih^  to  fO’.a  .foovh<|7l;) 

• ^ .‘>c»ar7ofrj  r>rfi 

irru;M(.j'|;;  , \Uihi  A ao  ,t7|<|o0  bnovj 

fii?m  p.  1-  ;.  'to  mU  o'IoVm'I 

--'(•  ’[v^vv’.r:  -y.,-:y{  mrf  i ai]  ,noi^‘^tinrm-‘> 

:-'^::--y"  ' .^orm^oO 

Mila  ii^.nodij  '-'t  »- 1 >i  SH'fl-to  ;»nO- 

,«nn?38rHlO  lo  ik  *<^dib^f6‘K|  n&l 

UK  iii  i.u;7  fbibra'l-  o-fb ■ iT! 

Jkk>  7j.if;,,'  ?i:' b 'to  ub'/T''-'".  7if;  70'*!  ^bohitift)  tOB 
'•7:7/1  j;j  'to  7dt 

‘.A]  *!0  v/ui  'I'lilt.oiiii  ai  bna  ,b.ibi  jh  bevr>/71  ’\«oi 

,(;  • F757/  bifjsl^a2i  *to  li'rir/d')  'nit  -(/JOT 

• ;,*'lj  i)iifi  ,‘tnolo’jt  to  il'/f liifo  ho'f«iWutB9 

oi  I)n7;<>liK4o<;  Btr,7  itiif  /jov/  oildaq'to  ov,ol 
70*  r.Cblt  'o>>7,  ':Hft  '10  'fjdujv'-.'. A n;{T  .eoilou'jiA) 
UJ  hiu:  ,^ifi07  owl  0<b  '.io  h)ou  'oft  i>t#!faa 

iMtubnH’lo  0 >‘n<*r.)  0(fj  iuilt  .botviaio  i-jr// ti 
.-(lKiv>  wbir.i  ^...({t  ih<  7ojao  bfuiMk  >vuoioo-  tuh  m 
l»u  i!i  J>  JUI  JUO  b inob^.iii/[  oifj  ai  viul  vd  boilnil 
iu.  »iv;Kl  out  v^i  i‘d,  i>vruvo-!q  J‘Xi 
-'7 1 i/t  ' y.j  1 ■' .0.* u i{ u 1 ( s ' » ' H’l 7 /l.»u ; y 0 d,  1 .oorii/ocq 

{.;7/;q  i;ni-J  i7  fu7'.>iqiiu  vilt 


OSTRACISM  OF  CATHOLICS. 


179 


legislation,  and  in  1699  the  lavv^  was  annulled  by 
the  order  of  the  Council  of  Great  Britain,  and 
it  was  a bitter  pill  to  swallow,  for  bigoted  Church 
of  England  men  in  the  colony,  that  a Quaker 
should  ha, ye  been  appointed  the  bearer  of  the 
dispatch,  conveying  the  intelligence. 

Not  only  Quakers,  but  Born  an  Catholics,  were 
beginning  to  be  ostracised,  as  the  following  ad- 
dress of  the  Assembly  of  1697  to  the  Governor 
will  clearly  show : 

“ Upon  reading  a certain  letter  from  a rever- 
end minister  of  the  Church  of  England,  com- 
plaining to  your  Excellency,  how  that  the  Popish 
priests  in  Charles  County  do  of  their  own  ac- 
cord, in  this  violent  and  raging  mortality  in  that 
County,  make  it  their  business  to  go  up  and 
down  the  country  to  persons’  houses  when 
dying,  and  phranticke,  and  endeavor  to  seduce 
and  make  proselytes  of  them,  and  in  such  con- 
dition boldly  presume  to  administer  the  sacra- 
ments to  them;  we  have  put  it  to  the  vote  in  this 
house,  if  a law  shall  be  made  to  restrain  such, 
their  presumption,  and  have  concluded  not  to 
make  such  law  at  present,  but  humbly  to  entreat 
your  Excellency,  that  you  would  be  pleased  to 
issue  your  proclamation,  to  restrain  and  prohibit 
such,  their  extravagant  and  presumptuous  be- 
havior.” 

In  1700,  however,  a law  was  passed  “ proliib- 
iting  the  extravagant  beliavior  ” ot‘  all,  but  one 


y-1  - 


eT.f  ■■■  .s  W:y  ^' ■ V"'"'-' ■ 

vd  h&Usuuin  'mw  v/;i^f>:»dj  €0Hi  ai  bm  fHOthiirngol 
hiiii  umB  {mfffipO  ?>di  to  adt 

do'todt)  bf;Jo^ki  ^7/oHir/fa  ot  ilicf  ft  sfi*/7 

ft  i/sdt  ,"^nofo^>  &rfs  ui  aosfx  biud^a'd  Jo 
Oili  Jo  Ofit  h'>unoqqn  ao^d  ornd  biKotk 

,S’^tJOzd!lf:^fai  ^di  ^_ai‘^o/iro3 
0*10 w .wlodfiftO  aftfticvH  yliio  told 

4)Q- ]iii.n'7/o,llo1[  odi  :js0jiiftr^od'' 

’iiOinavoD  oJ  'lo  YjdftiosaA  odi  'lo  eaoib  ' 

: v/oila ’;rhftoh  Hiw 

« rtio'it  *?ol)0(  ahJioo  ft  >'r  iioqU  ** 

-xrroY  io  dorxfJO  odt  'to  t^tmoffn  i>tfd 

(IfeiqoS  o/b  tndt  v/od  //oftolboxST  v?t  ^frtrifftfq 
-f)!:  U'/m  VJilt  'to  oi>  YtarJoO  eYtedD  ui  «t^ohq 
ji:rb  fif  7li! i>]  tonf  bnft  liiofoiv  f hB  al  ^hwo 

Ivufi  qri  o>4  f4  ti^fb  ii  02?ruu  ,^(UJ0oO 

jwdvr  go&iiod  riioaioq  o.t  pinuoo  oib  nwoL 
oooboe  ot  7ovftol>uo  f)fjft\yA7dm5*u\<\  bifis 
“Uoo  id  biJft  ^uoJj  'to  ?^oJvlo>io*iq  odftm  btift 
od)  ’lyUiiimhis  ot  omuaoKif  nortib 

eiib  f'l  otoY  sub  ot  tt  iuq  'rrnd  ow  juiodt  oJ  if?luom 
,dom  nhviw^i  ot  oJuun  od  ikde  Yfitl  tj  It  ,o«}wM 
oj  jjHi  i>o[udo/fo*>  uv/ai  furu  fUoiiqrfinsoKi  lioift 
Jmpi'iO  p;l-  ^Idniud  iud  Sn  ^/nd  rlotia  odtim 

0t" 'ijioscokj.  bd  di-fftOV/’  X/OY.  4ft lit  'i,0O\  ■ 

tfdiiJoiq  ol'^ioii'iuf'fftioGYq  yuoy  Oftatf  ■ 

‘od  w<jxskitnv>/yiq  buft  iuftgir/inJxo  Ytorb  \do^B 

’k'TdjV'ftd 

rdrdo'uj  lAim  v/fti  j:  /i'ft/Y7/0i{  «1 

71(0  ,lift  ‘to  'lor/iiffocf  UurftUYjnJxo  rub '^tiiii 


- 

'^S 


■■1 

I 

' -4 

i 

'1 

1 


180 


TERRA  MAR  RE. 


sect,  wliich  met  the  approval  of  the  King,  requir- 
ing the  Church  of  England  to  he  the  established 
church,  and  to  he  supported  by  general  taxa- 
tion. The  law  was  totally  opposed  to  the  spirit 
that  had  prevailed  in  the  colony  relative  to  relig- 
ion, and  every  fair-minded  man  in  this  tolerant 
age  is  sure  to  adopt  the  opinion  of  a minister 
of  the  Church  of  England,  and  a chaplain  of 
Queen  Victoria,  who  in  analyzing  it  has  said,  ‘‘it 
contravened  not  only  the  statutes  of  William, 
but  the  toleration  act  of  1G89;  it  violated  the 
unalterable  principles  of  justice.”* * 

It  was  robbed  of  some  of  its  harshest  features, 
however,  by  its  first  operations  having  been 
superintended  by  a truly  good  man,  the  Eev.  Dr. 
Thomas  Dray,  who,  from  a desire  to  see  Chris- 
tianity planted  in  the  distant  settlements  of  the 
Xew  AVorld,  had  at  home  estahlished  a Society 
for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  the  Planta- 
tions. Visiting  Annapolis,  he  passed  the  year 
1700  in  becoming  acquainted  with  their  spiritual 
destitutions,  and  returned  to  England  to  t>lead, 
with  a facile  pen  and  burning  lieart,  for  paro- 
chial libraries,  and  an  earnest  ministry  for  those 
of  his  emigrant  countiyinen  who  knew  not  God. 
By  his  inlluence  mainly,  Evan  Evans, ^ .laeol) 

* Anderson,  in  Hist,  of  Colonial  Chiirclies. 

* Kvans  ^vas  a Welshman,  first  settled  in  Philadel]>hia,  at 
h I'i't  Chiireli,  ai'toi'Wi.rds  Uectiir  of  St,  (Jeorj^chs  Parish,  in 
Harford  County,  lie  died  in  17’Jl. 


dili  V.  nrft  l‘jxnr  ibfjfw  ^t?>08 

■ Jo  d’mrdO  odt 

oiznf  v<f  oJ  o,t  bnn  ,ihimh 

oj  wfll  9i}T  .iioh 

'■"^fhj  aibolbv^q  Mrf  ixirfj 

^trcnoiot  fi.hh  rJ  sinnt  LoBuiai^^iijil  ’^lovo  hnn  ,froi 
TOt^irmor  a io  noifth.KO  &d1  3qohn  oJ  owa  bI  o^b 
Jo  amlqftfh  B htm  % xfoiiiin  9dl  .;io 

Jr**  HSiii  (fijffo  Iff  odvAf^ihoior/ iiBOif() 

fiit*iiIJiV/  lo  o/f)  ^!«o  ioa  l)o/i»vr*ilfioD 

oiU  iii)ja{oiv  if  ;mH  Jo  lost  itohmohi  odi  iiid 
' '.o^raul  Jo  ftsfijiDfiririr  oIiteoJfKni/ 
Hii  'io  t>afO« ’k>  biwIJoi 

im4  ^<M7Hn*fo<|0  t?nif  fit!  jovovrofl 

.'iU  .vtilf  i>ffi  ^{uaa  v<f  bofHrofnmijiia 

oi  ^h'ih  :n  mml,odvr>/i;*!H  ^iimodT 
tnU  io  fekf')mof))'.>p.  uiiiitlh  -iif/  ui  hoIrMq  piimi 
vtoivo^rJ  /j7)*>fi«»H(li:)aj>'  omod  in  h/ifl  ^bhoW  v/oVl 
oift  f^x[i<oO  o/ft  lo  Offj  *fOt 

Tiv>7  od)  fmf-Mfiif  *)({  ,«fl(>i|n<TnA  ’ 

InfftHiqit  uidift  jfth/  'j^iijftfo'yod  iii  OOTt 

,l><;ob[  tti  oj  bim>>irfoj)ntr)hol> 

lot  hitn  noq  olhdt  n dli// 

ohodj  •jot  '(’VHlnifft  iH*jfnn‘f  un  !>{tn  fHontrtitU  laido 
ion  VfOfrJ  mf  /r  noaipfFjiioo  lnrn;2/ai.o  febi  Jo 
<by>,;U  mr/A  .^rlnmn  feiloTjkni  nk  v^I 


jt^iH^udO  iuimM  1o  jmi  ai\afmyitfh'^" 

J*  1 rti  i>  j;»  .nnirtjKI^V/  4 fm'f* 

fflH  .IJitn  nf 


CHURCH  OF  ENGLAND  MINISTERS.  181 


Henderson,^  and  others,  became  rectors  and  an 
honor  to  religion;  while  many  emigrated,  who 
were  drones  in  the  hive,  and  seemed  more  anx- 
ious to  secure  the  pound  of  tobacco  mentioned 
in  the  bond,  than  to  win  souls  for  a better  wnrld. 

During  the  eighteenth  century,  there  were 
several  quiet,  unobtrusive  colleagues  who  did 
what  they  could  to  elevate  mankind ; Brogden,^ 
Cradock,^  Everstield,*^  whose  names  are  still  pre- 

1 Jacob  Henderson  was  born  in  Ireland ; was  settled  in 
Dorer,  Del.  In  1712  came  to  the  Patuxent,  and  married  the 
widow  of  Mareen  Duval.  He  built  what  was  called  Hender- 
son’s Chapel.  In  171G  was  appointed,  by  the  Bishop  of  Lon- 
don, Commissary  on  the  Western  Shore  of  Maryland.  The  next 
year  he  was  Pvector  of  Queen  Anne's  Parish,  in  Prince  George’s 
County.  In  1729  the  Bishop  of  London  made  him  Commissary 
for  the  whole  province.  At  times  irascible,  he  was  honest,  godly, 
and  useful,  and  died  in  1751.  Colonel  Henderson,  of  the  Marine 
Corps,  and  the  wife  of  Gen.  Lingan,  were  descendants. 

William  Brogden  was  the  son  of  a tobacco  factor,  who  lived 
on  the  Patuxent,  in  Calvert  County.  He  became  a Deacon  in 
1735,  and  was  ordained  in  England.  Was  Rector  of  All  Hal- 
lows Parish,  Ann  Arundel  County.  In  1751  he  succeeded  Rev. 
Jacob  Henderson,  in  Queen  Anne’s  Parish,  Prince  George 
County.  He  died  in  1770. 

3 Thomas  Cradock  came  from  England  in  1742,  and  was  Rec- 
tor of  St.  Thomas's  Parish,  in  Baltimore  County.  Dr.  Allen, 
to  whose  sketches  in  Sprague  I am  indebted  for  a part  of  the 
material  of  these  notes,  says  he  was  a fine  scholar,  and  in  1753' 
published  a version  of  the  Psalms.  He  died  in  1770. 

‘John  Eversfield  came  from  England  in  1727.  Rector  of  St. 
Paul's  Parish,  Prince  George  County.  Near  fourscore  years 
of  age ; died  in  1780. 

A descendant,  Clmrlos  Eversfield,  is  Surgeon  in  U.  S.  Navy. 

10 


[6!  ^ ^ ^ 

m ,ban  omr/:i^kf  ,a‘iod'Jo  ban  ^tTO»*ioB«a^^. 

oilv/  yjifii'r  ''If'dv/.,; ciorgilyt  ol'ioood 

•iin/x' ■fibiiJ-.V'ja  lUm  oih  iri  iocto’ih  ovjw 
boifobii'-^.yi  ootycd(>i  bamq  OifI  'rurr^'j  oS  &uoi  ' ' 

bhovr  T-'tt'jd  ;; '{o1  alvr  oi  nnul  JjitoiJ  oHj  ni 

0'i^r,7  ,/-nmury  9ilj  ^ahud 

bif)  Oii/f  V“.cf:L>i.5b,nc)0  ©TiHxmdoifif  'fS^mp  ffnt^vsa 
; T)»:.?,b'i'ftnT  obr/3l‘>  o.1  Lfj/oo  X'nli 
'b't  r i!iic<  u’ifi  HijmiLii.i  omihr  \bloli^ovd  b^hobmO 

, , ^ 
m vjtw  j*i  in(^4  >»#rw  cfo»«l » 

*>.b  Lijii  ,;irr;u  ,?«*J  »th  o'  t»cajJo  ib*  TE  nl  ..VT  ,T??oa 

*’!‘}i..:'4,H  Mf.;/*-'  j'icMi  ■sti  Jit.i'ij'il  Jo 'ffobiw 

%{<u{- til  o:\'‘  ,L.!ii3ir.i;»qf^^4;  R-BV^  9f  T i-,  rrl  e'rtfMt  '" 

ixotf  'MT  .t-iitih^jsU  V.v  y’r".S>.  ao. '^.•if-^ ♦isofc ' 

V j .,*  s;i,f(T'-  -<j  .il^.'.'fiSL  n0;91/p 'jo 

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;/•;.  0({l  1o  ,noa7yltfr:iii  !!jn(?iuD  JCTf  oi  bail)  luru  baa 

.fjc/s'brv.^.r'tii  i.tow  .onyffid  .a&h  Jo  -thw  act  t>:tA  ,fiqyoO 

I ''Vi-  ■r!-'y  .Toicu'i  £ Jo  nos  odt  y ’*‘.l  vv»rM  an.}f^}/'i  ' 

nt  /!  0 !«/::>  wJ  jH  no'rfj*.",*  n-  ,,nn '>jd?  no 

“ib. f^J-.  5u  707ov/i  ifiV/  I'lnrli^nM  ni  bod.-iJrto  bn.M  ,p.S»r 
itiTi  «f  hhn>r::,.  an/-. 

'.'5»iO;>4>  O'MVi'i  , -jimA  <ij  ,i.‘<;onvbn7H 

.OTtr  ni  l »t'f  './){  .’{[innoO 

Rc-.v  :.rttt^;.  ? T;'  '■;•  aiovl  amsio  i'3  * 

fHoilA  Ail  innimiUH  a:  ,tfS  U 

stiMv  /'  . 'I  a lot  { •>‘:.‘obiii  i.,*o  i -jiiy.  i f »eo<f-'p.' oi 

t m Liijv,  ic  "to .!tih<?-<*hm 

■'  ’"  '"O'TI:  rt'  .Adiirf-'L  ods  Jo  xi  fiadifiidvq 

JH  1i>  VV",  { ii;  fuoi'z  funiiy 

e.'xao'C  .TZtzno'J  .>if>fn4,''f  e'foc^I 

.O-HTT-iu  l*i»' *{v^e.  I0 

'('•>^'^•1  ,.1J  i?i  i’f.i-jv .Wd/t  f •'.'j  Ji.  »(bw>,»v.S»b  i. 


182 


TERRA  3IAR1A^. 


served,  iincl  rwo,  Bf(con-and  Boucher,  who  were 
marked  for  superior  mental  ahilit}  , whose  publi- 
cations every  Marylander,  or  son  of  a Mary- 
lander, will  always  peruse  with  interest. 

Thomas  Bacon  was  a native  of  the  Isle  of 
Man,  and  was  educated  by  the  celebrated  Bishop 
Wilson,  in  whose  diocese,  his  birthplace  was  sit- 
uated. In  the  autumn  of  1745  he  came  to  Ox- 
ford, in  Talbot  County,  and  became  the  assistant 
of  the  Bev.  Samuel  Maynadier,  wdio  dying  in  a 
few  months,  Bacon  was  appointed  his  successor. 
After  two  years,  he  went  to  Dover,  twelve  miles 
distant,  and  there  finding  many  poor  negro 
slaves,  as  heathenish’  as  when  they  or  their 
parents  were  brought  from  the  coast  of  Guinea, 
felt  constrained  to  instruct  them  on  the  wayside, 
or  in  the  houses  of  friends ; and  to  exhort  them 
at  their  funerals  and  marriages.  Some  of  the 
sermons  preached  by  him  to  the  negroes,  and 
also  on  the  duty  of  Christian  masters  and  mis- 
tresses, were  printed  in  London,^  and  a few  of 
them  were  republished  in  this  country  by  the 
late  Bishop  ^feade,  of  Virginia.  He  also,  with 
the  aid  of  contributions  from  Lord  and  Lady 


* “ Four  Sermons,  upon  the  great  and  indispensable  duty  of 
all  Christian  masters  and  mistresses  to  bring  up  their  negro 
slaves  in  the  knowledge  and  fear  of  God, 

‘•Preached  at  tlie  Parish  Church  of  St.  Peter,  in  Talbot 
County,  in  the  Province  of  Maryland." 

London:  IT-'.!).  14C  pp..  ISoio. 


m 


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A?  ' h 


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■T- ,., '.v.«-y,,  . --  ■''(  ■t'.b?  '■  * ’'- . ;-.,m;«  j 


'^h.h- \ ^ ^ ^ ■ '^  ■®-  . . , 

Di»w  od'ff  fiod^}o3.  hsut  iwtf^Q  ^owt.  bna  ,DOT»«i  * 

•ildaq  9Bod'fr , r^HWu  l»)iii>fifr  loiioqiiff  loj 
-^fii/[  1o  aon  *10  '-^070  afiOiliJO  r*  ^ 

il^iw  oacrtoq  a-^nwtn  fliw  ,*iftb(fft(  ♦ 

*to  of>!l  orft  lo  ©vitnci  n butt  ffo>ft(I  aumodT  "* 
qo^ifl  baJjsnd^Ido  3ilt  A^tl’  bsJjciotfba  b/i«  .treM 
-it»  en7^  an{  ,3itei>6ib  38od«r  of  ,i«r^liW  - 

-X:0  oi  9X11X13,  9xi  ci^TI  *to  noioixfi!  sd^  oI  t^  *^^**^^ 
iafUnhes  odi  3xnK3S<f  ban  icxflaT  xii  flwft 

0 ut  ^nr^b  Oilvf  ,*i3iImxr{aH  .voS^dxft  lo 

,70«s939iJ8  aid  ixiJaio<|qfl  ecw  iiooft^  ^ediiioxn 
Bolfm  3vl9*i?t  jtdvod  oi'lftdTf  dd  fen^r  owS  lofiA 
oi^q  looq  7flBxn  ^riibni!  bna 

tisdj  ^70 nod'fr  M'd»fnoibn&d  n ^ftov^ls  >. 
,nontaO  lo  iBiwo  adl  incnt  jd^tioiJ  37  xw  aJrauTiiq^  ''  ^ ■ 
nv  modi  rymhitfi  oi  t»aR?int»fKW)  lMl 
xnoifj  ’ jiodx9  at  bun  ; shn^hl  lo  «9«f/od  exil  m lo^  ^ 
’ oxii  lo  diiioSi  •ao^nn7/;n7  b/in  elmont/t  "xidilt 
baa  ,aoo'x^au  odi  ot  mid  A^d  bodoaoiq  Bdoxaioa  ' 

.aiixi  bun  Biotiinfpr  finrlandO  la  ^tob  »dl  no  oala^ 
lo  v/ol  jj^bxta  SnobnoJ  nr  botnhq  yisw  p ^ 

9(ft  ’^d  ^it^nooo  aidj  ni  b3xf«iWi/qu7  oiow  nrddl  * ' -^ 

ihir/  ,obIh  otl  Mai:^or/  lo  ^baoU'^AjoifalS 


(fauj.  baa  bxOil  moil  sn^^odiitflco  \^o  i>ia  od$ 


U J*if^9mqtihai  haa  )4»W3|  «jil  Aoqw  S 

oijAKP  tiiMli  qo  ^and  oJ  ho*  rtotAftiif  fl*1j«idO  11*% 

iji  - -l>op  7o  tmI  ham  (^htlwooi  9di  al  ^-7^c 

JttdUT  nl  .*«  io  dtnudO  rf»h«1  •di  i$  ^ 


'■*  %ooiT«nt^  iidl  tii  .i^trtuoO 


m 


.qq  Ik'hX  .*dlTI  ;oohofwl 


'1.& 


REV,  JOXATHAN  BOUCHER. 


183 


Baltimore,  and  their  nephew  his  Private  Secre- 
tary, erected  in  1755  an  industrial  scliool  about 
a mile  from  Oxford,  the  building  for  which  yet 
exists.  Bishop  Wilson,  a short  time  after,  sent 
fifty  pounds  to  aid  in  the  instruction  of  negroes. 

lie  next  commenced  a work  greatly  needed,  a 
collection  of  all  the  laws  of  Maryland,  as  far  as 
possible,  from  the  time  of  the  first  Assembly. 
Before  it  was  completed,  he  removed  to  Frede- 
rick, and  from  the  day  of  its  publication,  in  large 
folio  form,  it  has  been  valuable  to  every  lawyer, 
as  well  as  to  all  those  interested  in  the  usages  of 
old  colony  times.  In  this  work  he  styles  himself 
the  Kector  of  All  Saints’  Parish,  in  Frederick 
County,  and  Domestic  Chaplain  in  Maryland  to 
the  Bight  Honorable  Frederick  Lord  Baltimore. 

Jonathan  Boucher^  was  not  as  practical  nor  as 
patient  as  Bacon,  but  for  elocpieut  writing  and 
extensive  erudition  he  was  the  ecpial  of  any  in 
the  colonies.  A sensitive  gentleman,  of  strong- 
convictions,  a warm  royalist,  Bector  of  St.  Anne’s, 
Annapolis,  and  subsequently  of  Queen  Anne’s, 
in  Prince  George  County,  at  the  very  time  that 
the  colonies  were  preparing  to  break  loose  from 
a government  beyond  the  Atlantic,  which  was 


* He  was  at  one  time  tlie  tutor  of  JoLii  I’arko  Custis,  the  sou 
of  Martha,  the  wife  of  (icorjre  Washington,  ami  his  adopted 
child.  In  Sparks’s  Letters  of  Washington  is  a letter  to  Loiieher, 
disipiu-oving  of  the  proposition  relative  to  Custis  making  a 
foreign  tour. 


5;|j|.viauw&(0, 


vuyffl 


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Ao\ 

, - ^ „.1,-,J  r.,  -fa?  J.  JI, 

<3W*BW«ff '’, 

«'  CiatjHM9 

•*■■'■  jaa»  ]a^7r  qo_^i^; 

.e90t3»i|t  to  Boj^OTfwii  Oif)'  ni’fcja  o|  &Iiatfoq 

^ ' -.F  ■ .■-  O-  is- 


m 


.^3 


jl  -atoida-,^ 

1^  axfl  «i  l?aiS»*xaifl(  (fxj  ol ««  I few  aa 

iww  mft  xil'^  .s&fliil\iiofc^I>fo  ^ 

■ totmS^iS  ■ ' 

t»'>Li  .9iomi;l^^t  ftiP  J ifmpibac^^aijiiTOf^  id^sfJS  sufi 

fi  TO^-B«  ton  tJi  ^o/l  «^w  ^*iadai^o3 

. 0**1'*^’*^  i«*o«pofo^.^o\,tJKf  ,aoo^  4 

ooiJibxn\ 

Svtihfm  A 

kxmaii^iy^mS 

" ,X^nwoO®o^io»0  'aofiOT 


u: 


' ''**»V. 


•4li7J^^^■a4ot '’l^''  aws  }l ^i»ff#> "Xat", 


Iwt(|oI>*iMlf  |»«4  ,flttl3|lid«4lW  •4in«4jSiO<  <U  ' ■ 


<»«i  ^ 


iv? 


184 


TERRA  MARI^, 


not  adapted  to,  and  could  not  be  made  to  under- 
stand, their  position  and  wants,  it  is  not  surpris- 
ing that  he  should  have  sided  with  his  friend 
Governor  Eden,  and  looked  with  horror  upon 
the  rising  spirit  of  republicanism. 

Yet  his  very  frankness  and  Christian  fearless- 
ness wins  admiration,  while  the  reader  entirely 
dissents  from  the  political  theories  broached  in 
his  sermons.  His  discourses  on  Absalom  and 
Ahitophel  were  supposed  to  be  aimed  at  'Wash- 
ington and  Franklin.  While  he  admired  the 
former,  he  disliked  the  latter,  and  in  a note  to 
the  discourse  on  Ahitophel  he  states:  ‘Ht  was 
in  Philadelphia,  if  not  solely,  and  by  his  friends, 
he  was  charged  with  having  stolen  from  an  Irish 
gentleman  of  the  name  of  Ivinnersley,  man}^  of 
liis  useful  discoveries  respecting  electricity.^’^ 

Destitute  of  that  fear  of  pewholders  which 
locked  the  lips  of  some  of  the  clergy,  he  plainly 
discussed  all  questions  of  the  day,  in  their  moral 
aspects. 

In  a sermon  of  the  year  17G3,  he  remarks: 


^ Kinnevsley  was  Professor  of  Natural  Philosophy  in  the  Col- 
lege of  Philiulelphia,  and  brother-in-law  of  Edward  Duffield, 
the  life-long  friend  and  executor  of  Franklin.  The  three  were 
members  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  and  frequently 
retired  to  Dutlield's  ancestral  seat,  near  Philadelphia,  to  try 
experiments  and  make  philosophical  instruments.  Kinnersley 
looked  upon  him  as  a co-laborer  rather  than  a depredator  of 
his  sclent itic  discoveries. 


■ . >Si‘V.-  . • 


-if)bmi  oJ-;>bi;nT  ed'iofs  hUto^y  han  M fwJtqjsfm  Ion 


'^>anfpTm  :tofi'  'ibify'.cbnti'B 

booii’t  dJh?t  J)oI)ia  S7^d:  bl/joff^s  9(1  tiiifi 
noqcr  toTiori  fhh/  kriool  bafl  ,aoj>:i  *foinovoO 
jHfJmniWntp'i  "io 

e^oirJnsrit  yw  bid  loT 
-lubm-i'  'mlt  anfw  ««9ri 

fli  b^jiit>rAOicf  fiwi^Hoqf  9iit  .mo*/i  hjneeeib 

baa  fio  a^rttjoaarb  <iiH  .axibnnoa  sid 

-iffexf/r  la  ad  oi  b^>boq(im  ‘^nav^  hdfi<>tuiA 

a({r  bmlwb&  ad  &UrT//  jitUiwd^J  bfifi  itof^ni 
/ m ma  ii  ni  hm /xaUdl  oxii  ba^ihih  aif  »T9intol 

^??i)iii>iit  abf  7d  boa  ^ viol  O'-*  300  ni 

■ ■i.i?i,hl  oa.nspi^  oolo3f  :^ni7|^ii:-|l3(v;' as’/r  ®d 
.'■^O:  t'ii in »i9i.f % &0ff^nW'df  -lo.-  orntroIto-^Ji 
^''/(^3rjh309{tj»  &ohovoo^.ii>  Ir/ioafi  aid 

xfoifly/'  ft’ioblodv/oxj  to  'litolt  3aH3 
vjnfid-j  od  o/fi  “^o  muoa  lo  «q;l  odl  badooi 

kioffi  'noxH  til  ,~(nb  od3 1o  aoorteoixi^  He  Imeooaib 


: adta/uot  oii  ’^BriTr  lao*/,  exit  lo  iiOjfrno«  a iil 


-loOudJ  ni  Xdqo$Mm  luiuru/.^o  ««•»  Xti.kt»flXiia  * 

,l>ba»<U  3o  i*«t^  Id 

.%iri»r  o^trfl  «rft  •"  ./rrI;»rtK'i^  9iti 

Xfnnof.'f'tt  hm  rii^hoH  h'/ul^oroim  c/tvh*)mA 

dl  ii»ri»i:»  foyirOfj'T 

,Wiitsiiuj*iiu*l’{  ri-4»tt)  ixm 

^ . ...  . ........  ....  «f.r  ...—<„. 


.atooqaa 


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BOUCHER  AGAINST  SLAVERY.  185 


“Were  an  impartial  and  comprehensive  observer 
of  the  state  c»f  society  in  these  middle  colonies 
asked,  Whence  it  happens  that  Virginia  and 
Maryland,  -^/hich  were  the  first  planted,  and  which 
are  superior  to  many  colonies,  and  inferior  to 
none  in  point  of  every  natural  advantage,  are 
still  so  exceedingly  behind  most  of  the  other 
British  American  provinces  in  all  those  improve- 
ments which  bring  credit  and  consequence  to  a 
country?  He  would  answer:  They  are  so  be- 
cause they  are  cultivated  by  slaves.  I believe 
it  is  capable  of  demonstration,  that  except  the 
money  interest  which  every  man  has  in  the  prop- 
erty of  his  slaves,  it  would  be  for  every  man’s  in- 
terest that  there  were  no  slaves,  and  for  this 
plain  reason,  because  the  free  labor  of  aTree  man 
who  is  regularly  hired  and  paid  for  the  work 
which  he  does,  and  what  he  does,  is  in  the  end 
cheaper  than  the  extorted  eye-service  of  a slave. 
Some  loss  and  inconvenience  would  no  doubt 
arise  from  the  general  abolition  of  slavery  in  the 
colonies,  but  were  it  done  gradually,  with  judg- 
ment and  good  temper,  I have  never  yet  seen  it 
satisfirctorily  proved  that  such  injury  would  be 
either  great  or  lasting.” 

A man  who  thus  talked  out  his  convictions, 
when  “the  times  that  tried  man’s  soul”  arrived, 
boldly  took  his  position,  which  was  in  favor  of 
the  Crown,  and  ardent  republicans  soon  made  it 

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186 


TERRA  MARLE. 


too  uncomfortable  for  him,  to  remain  on  this 
side  of  the  Atlantic. 

To  a great  throng  he  preached,  in  1775,  his 
farewell  sermon,  at  lower  Queen  Anne’s  Parish, 
Prince  George  County.  His  text^  was  exceed- 
ingly signiticaiit,  and  concluding  sentences  full 
of  pathos.  confess  to  you  there  is  something 
particularly  ungrateful  to  my  feelings  in  being 
thus  outlawed  and  driven  away  from  a country, 
where  I have  so  long  lived,  with  credit  and  com- 
fort.^ When  I but  little  deserved  it,  I experienced 
patronage  and  protection.  It  was  only  when  I 
came  to  render  the  best  offices  in  my  power  to 
your  country  that  I met  with  the  worst  returns. 
For  these  efforts  to  do  good  I have  been  attacked 
openly,  and  undermined  secretly,  ruined  by  the 
enemies  of  government  without  being  either  pro- 
tected or  pitied  by  its  friends.  In  short,  to  bor- 
row the  words  of  a great  man,^  ‘my  life  hath 
been  threatened  and  my  name  libelled,  which  I 
count  an  honor.’ ” 


^ Nch.,  vi.  10,  11  ; “Afterward  I came  unto  tLe  house  of  She- 
maiah,  who  was  shut  up;  and  he  said,  Let  us  meet  together  in 
the  house  of  God,  witliin  the  temple,  and  let  us  shut  the  doors 
of  the  temple;  for  they  will  come  to  slay  thee;  yea,  in  the 
night  will  they  come  to  slay  thee. 

“And  I saitl.  Should  such  a man  as  I flee?  and  who  is  there 
that  being  as  I am,  would  go  into  the  temple  to  save  his  lifeV'’ 

’ He  marrie<l  Miss  Addison,  of  Addison’s  Manor,  which  ex- 
teiidcd  from  tlio  coiifincs  of  Washington  City  to  Oxon  Creek. 
Oxou  Hall  is  still  standing,  tiie  ohl  family  iiiausiou. 

Lord  Bacon. 


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'■•  . ■ ' ' JliytiinH  ft-loJ  ■*' 


EARLY  SCHOOL  LAW. 


187 


After  he  returned  to  England  he  became  Yicar 
of  Epsom,  and  devoted  the  latter  years  of  his 
life  in  preparing  a Glossary  of  Provincial  and 
Archaeological  Words,  which  was  published  as 
a supplement  to  Johnson’s  Dictionary. 

As  one  turns  over  the  pages  of  Bacon’s  Laws 
of  Maryland,  he  is  astonished  to  find  not  a single 
provision  for  the  education  of  the  youth  of  the 
province  during  the  first  half  century.  Indeed, 
it  is  not  until  1G96,  that  anv  enactment  is  discov- 
ered.  Then  a law  was  passed  for  the  establish- 
ment at  Annapolis  of  a free  school,  to  be  called 
King  William’s  School,  ‘Mor  the  propagation  of 
the  Gospel,  and  the  education  of  youth  in  good 
letters  and  manners.”  The  corporation  was 
made  a body  politic,  by  the  name  of  the  Kectors, 
Governors,  Trustees,  and  Visitors  of  the  Free 
Schools  of  Maryland,  and  were  authorized  to 
make  rules  not  contrary  to  the  laws  of  England 
and  Maryland,  nor  opposed  to  the  Canons  and 
Constitution  of  the  Church  of  England. 

For  the  support  of  a master,  usher,  and  scribe 
one  hundred  and  twenty  pounds  were  to  be  pro- 
vided. After  the  school  at  Severn  was  estab- 
lished, it  was  enacted  that  there  should  be  a 
second  at  Oxford,  on  the  Eastern  Shore. 

But  the  law  for  ^^ears  was  of  no  benefit,  as 
there  were  no  funds.  The  Governor  stipulated 
with  Anthony  Workman,  that  William  Freeman, 
a bricklayer  of  L’liiladelphia,  might  build  a house, 


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,oaiio4  ij  WuidlJ^I/if  “17  4. 71  id  b 


188 


TERRA  MARIAN. 


to  be  employed  by  Workman  as  an  inn,  on  con- 
dition that  at  bis  death,  it  should  be  for  the  use 
of  the  free  school  at  Annapolis.  Workman  had 
a lease  on  life  for  several  years,  and  ignorance 
increased,  while  the  prospective  temple  of  learn- 
ing was  a shrine  of  Bacchus,  but  at  length  the 
landlord  rested  from  his  labors,  and  the  school 
reaped  the  benefit  of  the  edifice. 

In  1723  the  school  law  was  remodeled,  and  be- 
came the  nucleus  of  those  county  academies  in 
which  so  many  of  our  ancestors  were  prepared 
for  pr(»fessional,  mercantile,  or  agricultural  life. 
The  i>reamble  of  tlic  Act  to  encourage  educa- 
tion is  in  these  words:  “Whereas,  the  preceding 
Assenihlies,  for  soipe  years  past,  have  had  much 
at  heart  the  absolute  necessity  they  have  lain 
under  in  regard  both  to  duty  and  intention  to 
make  the  best  provision  in  their  power  for  the 
liberal  and  pious  education  of  the  youth  of  the 
province,  and  improving  their  natural  abilities 
and  acuteness,  which  seems  not  to  be  inferior  to 
any,  so  as  to  be  titled  for  the  discharge  of  their 
duties  and  employments  they  may  be  called  to, 
eitlir^in  regard  to  Church  or  State.” 

The  law  then  provides  that  the  teachers  shall 
be  members  of  the  ('hurch  of  England,  pious 
and  exemplary  in  their  lives,  capable  of  teaching 
well  tlie  grammar,  good  writing,  and  the  mathe- 
matics, “if  such  can  conveniently  be  got.” 

Sevui  trustees  were  a[tpointe(l  in  t.-iu;h  county. 


■■  ' "'881' 

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EARLY  SCHOOL  TRUSTEES. 


189 


with  power  to  fill  vacancies,  ‘‘  from  the  principal 
and  better  sort  of  inhabitants. The  first  were 
named  by  the  Assembly,  and  the  roll  of  names, 
embodied  in  the  law,  is  valuable,  as  showing 
who  were  considered  the  better  and  more  intelli- 
gent sort  of  people  at  that  early  period. 


SAINT  MARY  COUNTY. 

Rev.  Leigh  Massey. 

James  Bowles,  Esq. 
Nicholas  Lowe,  Esq.i 
Mr.  Samuel  Williamson. 
Col.  T.  Trueman  Greenfield. 
Mr.  Thomas  Wanghop. 
Capt.  Justinian  Jordan. 

KENT  COUNTY. 

Rev.  Richard  Sewall. 

Rev.  A.  Williamson. 

James  Harris,  Esq.‘^ 

Col.  Edward  Scott. 

Mr.  Simon  Wilmer.^ 

Mr.  Gideon  Pearce. 

Mr.  Lambert  Wilrner. 

ANN  ARUNDEL  COUNTY. 

Rev.  Joseph  Colbatch.^ 

Col.  Samuel  Young.^ 


BALTIMORE  COUNTY. 

Rev.  AYilliara  Tibbs. 

Col.  John  Dorsey. 

Mr.  John  Israel. 

Mr.  William  Hamilton. 

Mr.  Thomas  Tolley. 

Mr.  John  Stokes. 

Mr.  Thomas  Sheredine. 

CUARLES  COUNTY. 

Rev.  William  Maconchie. 
Mr.  Gustavus  Brown. 

Mr.  George  Dent. 

Capt.  Joseph  Harrison. 

Mr.  Robert  Harrison.' 

Mr.  Samuel  Hanson. 

Mr.  Randall  Morris. 

TALBOT  COUNTY. 

Rev.  Henry  Nicholls. 

Col.  Mat.  Tilghman  AVard.® 


* The  Lowe  family  came  into  the  province  about  1675. 

2 Judge  of  Provincial  Court. 

3 Ancestor  of  Rev.  William  H.  Wilrner,  D.B.,  and  Bishop 
Wilrner. 

< Ordained  by  Bishop  of  London.  In  1694  became  Rector  of 
‘All  Hallow’s  Parish.  Bled  1734. 

’ Jiuige 'd  Piovincial 
® Penn.  Boundary  Commissioner. 


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to  •!  r,  t 


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.Yvnuitecf 


190 


TERRA  MARIM. 


ANN  ARUNDEL  COUNTY. 

Mr.  William  Lock. 

Capt.  Daniel  Mariartee. 

Mr.  Christopher  Hammond. 
Mr.  Richard  Warfield. 

^ John  Beale,  Esq. 

CALVERT  COUNTY. 

Rev.  Jonathan  Cay. 

John  Ronsby,  Esq. 

Col.  John  Mackall. 

Col.  John  Smith. 

Mr.  James  Heigh. 

Mr.  Walter  Smith,  of  Leon- 
ard’s Creek. 

Mr.  Benjamin  Mackall. 

DORCHESTER  COUNTY. 

Rev.  Thomas  Howell. 

Col.  Roger  Woolford. 

Major  Henry  Ennels. 

Capt.  John  Rider. 

Capt.  Henry  Hooper. 

Capt.  John  Hudson. 

Mr.  Gustavus  Lockerman. 


TALBOT  COUNTY. 

Robert  Ungle,  Esq. 

Mr.  Robert  Goldsborough.^ 
Mr.  William  Clayton. 

Mr.  John  Oldham. 

Mr.  Thomas  Bozman.^ 

SOMERSET  COUNTY. 

Rev.  Alexander  Adams.=‘ 
Rev.  James  Robertson. 

Mr.  Joseph  Gray. 

Mr.  Robert  iNlartin.^ 

Mr.  Robert  King.^ 

Mr.  Levin  Gale.® 


PRINCE  GEORGE  COUNTY. 

Hon.  Charles  Calvert,  Esq., 
Governor. 

Rev.  Jacob  Henderson.' 

Mr.  Robert  Tyler.® 

Col.  Joseph  Belt. 

Mr.  Thomas  Grant. 

Mr.  George  Notley. 

Col.  John  Bradford. 


^ Ancestor  of  the  delegate  to  Continental  Congress,  and  Gov- 
ernor and  Robert  Goldsborough,  formerly  U.  S.  S. 

2 Relation  of  the  historian. 

® In  1704  assumed  the  cliarge  of  Stepney  Parish,  and  died  in 
1700,  at  the  age  of  ninety-one  years. 

* Came  from  Scotland  in  1700. 

^ Born  at  Lancaster,  Pa.,  1744. 

® Major-General  of  militia.  ^ See  page  181. 

® Kob»‘rt  Tyler,  tlie  first  emigrant,  came  to  the  province 
about  TOGO. 


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191 


I 


EARLY  SCHOOL  TRUSTEES. 


CECIL  OCUXTV. 

Col.  John  Wood. 

Major  John  Dov.  dali, 

Col.  Benjamin  Pearce.* ** 
Mr.  Steptoe  Knight. 

Mr.  Edward  Jackson. 

Mr.  Richard  Thompson. 
Mr.  Thomas  Johnson,  Jr.- 


J^UEEX  ANXE  COUNTY. 

Rev.  Christopher  Wilkinson.- 
Philemon  Lloyd,  Esq.* 
Richard  Tilghman,  Esq.^ 
Mr.  James  Earle,  Sr. 

Mr.  William  Turbutt. 

Mr.  Augustine  Thompson.'^ 
Mr.  Edward  Wright. 


WORCESTER  COUNTY  (CREATED  IN  1742). 
Rev.  Patrick  Glasgow.® 

Col.  John  Scarborough.® 

Capt.  John  Purnell. 

Mr.  Thomas  Robins.*® 

Mr.  William  I^ane. 


* Ancestor  oriate  U.  S.  Senator  James  A.  Pearce. 

2 The  first  State  Governor  a descendant. 

3 Rector  of  Queen  Anne’s  Parish,  1713.  Died  in  1729. 

* Deputy  Surveyor-General,  and  member  of  Pennsylvania 
Boundary  Commission. 

^ Richard  Tilgiuuan,  the  emigrant,  came  in  1G75.  Had  been 
one  of  the  petitioners  to  have  justice  done  to  Charles  the  First. 
His  son  Ilicliard  married  a Miss  Lloyd.  Represented  by  a late 
Chief  Justice  of  Pennsylvania. 

® Father-in^w  of  Tench  Francis,  Attorney-General  of  Penn- 
sylvania. 

^ His  father  arrived  about  1GG5,  and  married  a daughter  of 
Augustine  ilecrman,  of  Bohemia  Manor. 

® Had  been  a Presbyterian  minister  in  Somerset  County,  but 
entered  the  Church  of  England,  and  became  the  first  Rector  of 
All  Hallow’s  Parish,  Snow  Hill. 

**  Descendant  of  Edmund  Scarburgh,  Surveyor-General  of 
Virginia. 

*®  The  ancestor  of  late  Judge  Robins,  Rev.  Joiin  Robins,  and 
Thomas  Kubins,  I’resident  of  Philaileli)hia  lhank. 


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192 


TERRA  MARIJE. 


WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

Major  John  Selby.  Col.  James  Martin.^ 

These  county  schools  were  slowly  organized, 
but  after  the  war  of  the  Revolution  several  be- 
came useful  as  academies,  and  that  of  Somerset 
at  one  period  had  a high  reputation. 

About  the  middle  of  the  last  century  several 
brick  churches  were  erected  by  law,  a few  of 
which  are  now  kept  in  tolerable  repair,  while 
others  are  only  frequented  by  bats  and  owls. 
There  are  two  acts  relative  to  the  erection  of  a 
parish  church  in  Snow  Hill,  one  passed  in  1746, 
authorizing  a tax  of  eighty  thousand  pounds  of 
tobacco  to  be  levied,  to  be  applied  to  church  erec- 
tioii,  and  the  other  in  1756,  granting  the  power 
to  levy  an  additional  tax  of  forty-live  thousand 
pounds  of  the  same  article.  In  1763  two  hun- 
dred and  seventy  pounds  of  tobacco  were  equiva- 
lent to  an  English  guinea,  and  at  this  valuation 
tlic  whole  tax  was  about  four  hundred  and  sixty 
guineas,  which,  like  the  tax  for  the  support  of 
ministers  of  Cdiurch  of  England,  of  forty  pounds 
of  tobacco  for  every  taxable,  was  collected  from 
all  classes,  without  respect  to  their  religious . 
preferences. 

^ His  son  James,  member  of  the  Convention  of  1788,  for  the 
ratification  of  the  Constitution  of  the  U.  8.  James  Martin,  a 
lawyer  in  Baltimore,  and  his  sister,  wife  of  Dr.  John  Neill,  of 
Snow  Hill,  were  grandchildren  of  Cul.  James  Martin.  Mrs. 
Judge  Spence,  of  Camln'idge,  is  a descemiant. 


- 'i 


-YTifc  JOO  «r»r«H0iMOW 

tBosmij^no  ihroh  mo  /r  ^foorf'^A  ^^moo  moilT 
'^d  £tohvlor9^1  otb  ie*7r  od^  vjfin  Ufd 

io  ijiili  bjng  m luli/wif  Qin*fi> 

*£fO}J£tWipT  itof  II 

ffn9V98  770firy>  igal  odi  'io  olbbim  oih  SaodA 
io  v/^i  v(i  b*4‘>o'is»  mir/r  asdo^udo  dt)hd 

olidw  m Sqsd  vfoa  aia  il'jffFvy 

*eIv/o  biiii  /d  b&yaat/p&j't  ^fno  oi«  aioifio 
c Vj  ffoi)oo-f9  odi  os  C’/hxjb^  -riSon  owt  o^a  »isdT 
,diri  fi?  hoafcijq  r)ito  JUll  yrots^  nl  doiudo  darmq 
eibiinpq  iur;„:f,odS  iid‘gh  'to  x^f  jtyvtmhoihm 

'•j'jTo  do^irrf:)  oJ  ImUppi  od  os  ^honoVoe{  oS  ooondoS 
'lo  ^'/oq  drit  ‘gnfJiori^^  ,doTi  xii  ‘lodto  oJ)  b*if; 

'to  yjiS  ol 

-miri  07/1  8(iTI  fiX  MhiSw  omvB  odS  ’io  ebfrjjoq 
-/nifjpo  010  rr  ooo/.cfo^  lo  abutioq  vlcr'i  /oa  bus  boib 
Kohnnl/iv  ft  jilt  in  Imjt  jionin^  iin  oi  iiial 

Yjyjb  bii«  I>.nb<ij;d  tuo\  Suodn  ^.ov/  xuf  oloihr  Oili 
to  st’xoqqap  oitj  10*1  xxit  fjds  odd  fd'ddv^  ^hnoaiu^ 
r.bfwoq  y^h^)il<>  J>r[iif^nr*l  Xo  rfrjiiil'  i Xo  aioiftiafnT 

l/JO'lt  I)0J00Ho7  <LnV/  /J Id f;XfJ  '/7^70  joj  QOOS^JoS  Jt) 

ihdS  cp  Sooqdol  Ufodihr 

oii)  •:o1  .8^71  lo  aofjjiu/noO  oth  jnfmytts  ^ 

■0  tttli’iri/,  (trfia^t  .H  /J  f'nli  lo  a&iiuJitfta(tO  qi}j  Io 

Mh'^  Oitoi,  %a  “ii.  <ilw  ,i9j«i4  ti«(  ,tH*.  .sioirtit/vKa  ill  T^f.wuf 
■^7!^  jtihaJC  f.'-f'STt-l  Jo'i  lo  tivibl/rfoJ»rrr*r'*  oitmr  yrenH 

^^..lmo^^T>^‘  It  fc/  »'s;ybit»d»r:T.O  1« 


MARYLAND  PRESBYTERIANS.  193 


In  concluding  a sketch  of  the  established 
church  of  the  colony,  it  will  not  be  inappro- 
priate to  glance  at  the  Presbyterian  immigra- 
tion. At  an  early  period,  some  say  as  early  as 
1670,  Colonel  Xinian  Beale  ^ame  from  Barha- 
does  ^ with  a number  of  persons  who  were  orig- 
inally from  Scotland,  and  occupied  the  region 
between  "Washington  City  and  the  Patuxent,  a 
portion  of  which  was  called  Aew  Scotland.  He 
is  supposed  to  have  been  that  “ancient  and 
comely  man,  an  elder  among  the  Presbyterians,’' 
mentioned,  in  1691,  by  the  Quaker  preacher, 
"V\"ilson.  lie  was  intrepid  and  enterprising,  and 
among  tlie  laws  of  1699  is  an  “Act  of  gratitude  ” 
to  Colonel  Ainian  Beale  for  his  services  upon  all 
incursions  and  disturbances  of  the  neighboring 
Indians,  seventy-live  pounds  sterling,  to  be  laid 
out  for  three  serviceable  negroes  for  him  and  his 
wife,  and  afterward  for  their  children ; the  said 
negroes  and  their  increase  not  to  be  subject  to 
execution  or  judgment  during  his  or  wife’s  life. 

Under  the  auspices  of  Colonel  AVilliam  Stevens, 
one  of  the  councillors  of  the  province,  Somerset, 
then  eml)racing  Worcester,  had  received  a large 
Scotch  and  Protestant  Irish  emigration,  and  he 
wrote,  about  the  year  1680  to  a Presbytery  of 


1 Walter  Bayue,  of  Charles  County,  whose  place  was  called 
Barbadoes.  one  of  whose  daughters  married  Bev.  Matthew  Hill, 
and  anutlioi-  doiiri  lioah',  i-rohaldy  of  tiie  same  party. 


194 


TERllA  MABLE. 


Ireland,  re;|ncsting  ministers  for  that  section  of 
country.  The  lirst  Presbyterian  minister  that 
arrived  was  Francis  Makemie,  who  not  only 
preached  in  the  valley  of  the  Pocomoke,  but 
visited  settlements  in  Yiro'inia.  Ilis  residence  in 

O 

1G90  appears  to  have  been  near  the  Pocomoke, 
in  Accomac  County,  Virginia.  The  next  year  he 
was  in  England,  where  he  probably  published  a 
catechism,  which,  in  1692,  was  read  by  George 
Keith,Uhe  controversial  and  acrimonious  Quaker, 
then  visiting  the  Eastern  Shore,  who  denounced 
the  production  as  tending  “to  the  Pope  and 
Cliurch  of  Pome.”  Makemie  afterward  pub- 
lished, at  Boston,  “An  Answer  to  George  Keith’s 
Libel  on  a Catechism  published  by  F.  Makemie,” 
which  was  recommended  by  Cotton  ^tather  and 
other  divines.  At  Edinburgh,  in  1699,  he  pub- 
lished a book  called  “Everlasting  Truths  in  a 
Xew  Light.”  Another  visit  was  made  to  Eng- 
land  in  1704,  and  there  a work  from  his  pen  was 
issued  in  handsome  style,  and  dedicated  to  Ed- 
ward Xott,  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Virginia.  It 
was  called  “A  Plain  and  Loving  Persuasion  to 
the  Inhabitants  of  Virginia  and  Ivlarvland  for 
promoting  Towns  and  Cohabitation.”  Ketu ruing 
to  the  Eastern  Shore,  he  assisted,  in  1706,  in  or- 
ganizing the  tirst  Presbytery  in  the  United  States, 
at  Philadelphia,  and  was  vhosen  its  moderator. 


' Kfiili  wa.s  sril'.r;e<juem ly  ordiiiacnl  by  the  Lli:^hop  of  Lomlon. 


to  'loi  Miihsl 

, tort  OilT  ' 

lino  jo'tr  uJ^/  hhtunj  tirri 

■jifd  5f»idrnoi>u‘' C od^  lo  '/i^Unv  o^ii  iu 

eiU  ..  .oiid^'iiY  ai  -utoia^hTo^ 
,o^V0fc>oo^£  Oiit  'liiifo  I'CJOi,!  o'/i^il  o1  f5'n'^i|<jfi  OCof. 
Oif  ’inov  j:/ii/f  fi.'iT  ..rtS4<<^ ;r(V  onrno',)'') /\  ni 

li  vWiiJo-’-]  oil  o-i-'u'Y  aii'/? 

o-o^io'jO  '{d  I iVyi-Hirw  ^.^:00r  nr  ^doalv/  ^mafdao.t^'i 
aid,)  fioijii'i’a]  £>i( u !i: mov utJ noo  od) \ d.ti'i'H 

Oil 7/  ,yr>jia  ->dt  -Xithka  no.lt 


11  ndt  oj‘»  pnlmiot  «ii  a'dtoukn.]  oiL 

a..(  :d>nok/;l^  '\‘>mo^r  :^:'d-ywdO 


;:7:  t ' 


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aaiiiroluV.  .'i  -kI  |i',>iiwMHr(  iiwiif  r.ifiD  « no  Io.IkT 
f,(tc  -loatr-l*  iwtio' ) vJ  Iwh.n»«tOTo->?jrf  tiii  i 'f 
.-Jijq  00  a ,-!^-;i!'‘{iti!):‘!  it.  .-^nhlh  iDfHo 

i:  lit  - iXi'i.T  ■;'i!ij?ii'!'»v/I  ■*  bolfiio  c I>'-»J*^il 

-“lU'I  ot  oln'.iii  fc-t/t  Jifiiv  i.o(!to«A  ' .Jibiif- 
■^s.'D  1I£KI  f.ii!  . M<'»  ‘-'tOiff  i'tir.  ,tOVl^iif  inifif 


'-.!>  l-u,  ;oI/Jii  ■.■■nto>-.Soiiii{  .!(  l>')> 


imn-. /od-Jiiiiri'Jtlj'i:,  [ Wir.-il 


’..^cni-io‘{  ’titi;  ,.l  l>a«  iiinl'l  A“  f'oilui)  hw 


•in!  l.atilvM:!''^  .' n;;  iiuii;.ti7'  'io  >>.(i;jitiiiif«!  otfl 


Xaiimitoii  ''.ifoiliiii.^ol'-'.'  1>»'>  «‘'7toT  jjii.lornoTl 
l-I-l  «)  .IHA'  t fill  „MOlV.  lirjil'tsH  Jlil  >.Vi 

.-.■.■iU.jH  l>o»(r)  inli  (II  7;!'>‘  {diT.n'I  oi!) 
.■■.oJiriotMim  »ti  1."V,!..[-)  f.fi-w  hit!! 


,1,  Ir  ; ,.I  ’io  ;ul)  y,  l l''<ni>iln.i  '4iw  Hii»3  ‘ 


REV,  FRANCIS  3IAKEMIE, 


195 


Through  las  influence  Hampton/  Henry/  and 
McXish  came  to  Maryland.  Lord  Cornhury, 
Governor  of  ^ew  York,  imprisoned  him  in  1707,^ 


1 Jolm  Hampton  'W'as  settled  in  Snow  Hill  in  1707. 

2 John  Henry  preached  in  Somerset,  and  married  the  daugh- 
ter of  Sir  Robert  King,  and  the  widow  of  Colonel  Francis  Jen- 
kins, who  was  President  of  the  Council  in  1710.  He  had  two 
sons,  Robert  Jenkins  Henry  and  John  Henry,  who  became 
prominent  citizens.  John  Henry,  U.  S.  Senator  from  1789  to 
1797,  was,  I think,  a grandson, 

® The  following  letter,  which  seems  to  have  escaped  the  at- 
tention of  the  historians  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  the 
United  States,  alludes  to  the  formation  of  the  first  presbytery 
and  his  imprisonment: 

Philadelphia,  March  28,  1707. 

Mr.  Benj.  Colman. 

R'd  Brother, — Since  our  imprisonment  we  have  commenced 
a correspondence  with  our  r’d  brethren  of  the  ministry  at  Bos- 
ton, which  we  hope,  according  to  our  intention,  has  been  com- 
municated to  you  all,  whose  sympathizing  concurrence  I cannot 
doubt  in  our  expensive  struggle  for  asserting  our  liberty  against 
the  powerful  invasion  of  L'd  Cornbury,  which  is  not  yet  over. 
I need  not  tell  you  of  a pick’d  jury ; and  the  penal  laws  are  in- 
vading our  American  sanctuary  without  the  least  regard  to  tol- 
eration, which  should  justly  alarm  us  all. 

I hope  Mr.  Campbell,  to  whom  I direct  this  for  the  more  safe 
conveyance,  has  shown  or  informed  you  w'hat  I wrote  last. 
"We  are,  so  far,  upon  our  return  home;  tho’  I must  return  for  a 
final  trial,  which  will  be  very  troublesome  and  expensive.  And 
we  only  had  liberty  to  attend  a meeting  of  ministers  we  had 
formerly  appointed  here,  and  wmrc  only  seven  in  number  at 
first,  but  expect  a growing  number. 

Our  design  is  to  meet  yearly,  atid  oftcner  if  necessary,  to 
Consult  the  most  proper  measures  for  advancing  religion,  and 
propagating  Christianity  in  our  various  stations,  and  to  main- 


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im  .,„.  ^jw.;.;  . i: 

Ulu:  ^jYinoH . ci*.:uj<jnftJif  euf , | 

/..•'ii-rHja*xoO  Frio j. . JimJvjiJ'U ■•  oi 

*^^T0TI  xi;  0Hii  I>cujnMiqx^ij  ,>l'ioY  v^oK'io  lOinovoO 


.Tnrt  nHiiTl, ut  ^ 

L»i-noHJv:.b»r#  ai  baiioiio’iff  \t.-M  at^ol ' ' '■  •’ 

^aol  :-;bmn‘i  !«?•.!. '>0  1o  boji  liS  to  '• 

■•■j.ui  yll  ,ui*T.I  m {;y-rfu'.^0  »th  V'  «rt'W  cifvf  ,eaii  ■ ,a'^  J 

[f ,'|;tirj{i;  ujIo'^  f«f£  ,»ro«  :;,  Jpfe* 

! ' OJ  >..  J(i’'i:'.n{7'icj  .v,;s.; 'V '' * • 

I*  ■ G ,TCT£  4 

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»iU  'i-j  d’j-wAO  mil  /oV.-vt'I  *>i{‘.  lo  viil  lo  «olJa»i  J 

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'■'- t ■ :;ii;>”:ao“h‘.Ji  ■'.id  '!’<ta 

T-)~:  isbnW\?.,  ' - ’ , ' t:  '.  ':;v' 

,«4.»jy")  .v-^a'T  .«W  ■•  ■ J ' . 

4 l^9m.umwo  flvisff  yw  f.w.v . . .I'-,  . :-i 

-isOtf  1o  b*'i  luo  i;)7vj  y3«aibao<:j:%yii'i»a  ^ 4/  | 

li:  ,.-ji'.-)r;  iiy^d  pnii'  7 ••■'■’'  0^  gatin'’ Hyirfw  ,aoJ.  ; 

I ,,.  ■’  '^l4fto^l■,•)  I flynont’an’' j g.'irSai’.fi'^Kr^e  ‘t<i<ni75f  V'-\  of  bsf^'jiiiwcj'i  4'  a 

,vrfo  .j'lX  1'  'u.,  ifJ  trrf oq_  udj  | ,; 

-;ii  Mtf  ytli  ban  ; x;toi  b ")ioPi  a1o  uoi  lb)  lort  Loan  I |,  ' 

-lt>j  o’)  huM  0iif-jnodt!’ff  •/~Awv..rti?«  juo  | -V-^ 

jlii  w<;}  pn«U  ^i'wion'Jwofb.  afy!'-i  .f 

;>Tt  lU  '(is  (ii.'f.t  J'jrirb  I jncivw  uJ  ,J>.''i  'V-l^  .lb*  I . 

. .'fw4)i  &bvj'iY  1 tfitl'W  W07( 'i>VjiWIT',.*'i '.;r  70  lW  0li.*>  %A(i  ^SQUfil^iiTitOO  , , , . . ^ 

■ S^run  I '.M{bT‘*«Kui  ij-fM)riMrf/(/ ba  ,onit  aVf  j 

I'rt/i.  ..':7(.“i:.»i^  JC  > («fia  VTyV  ^|w7  doiri(7 

?/;  t‘)«lai5jii  (ttf  yjiio  inn^  ,yiy<i  , I ,’| 

.T>(!0ji»a  gof^'u'ig  r-  1««1,  . | j 

o)  , v: O'^c) j«  1'  "j’ia'»)lo  I>it0  , lyjtn  o)  i'.'!  trrO  | 

I ■hr.  ,:»•  '^Ib7  wt  ^ynontUfif  7'M;'vaf  - s.  'i\l  ^ J 

-i,#x,;,;<  bi»0  fisaui '4j  ' ' yU'.'fii:‘f  'UJO  o(  >»i  to  J | ? , 


196 


TERRA  MARIjE. 


because,  wliile  visiting  that  province,  he  preached 
without  permission,  and  the  proceedings  at  the 
trial  are  republished  in  the  Force  Historical 
Tracts.  The  sermon,  for  preaching  which,  he 
was  arrested,  was  published  at  Boston,  with  this 
motto  on  the  title-page:  ‘‘Preces  et  lachryiise 
sunt  arma  ecclesife.”  He  died  in  1708  in  Acco- 
mac  County,  Virginia. 

On  the  banks  of  the  Patuxent  and  Potomac, 
at  an  early  day,  preached  Vathaniel  Taylor, 
Orme,  Magill,  and  Conn.  The  latter  was  a 
graduate  of  Glasgow  Hniversity,  and  came  to 
Mar  viand  in  1715,  on  the  invitation  of  the  mer- 
chants  of  Patapsco,  and  in  1719  moved  to  Garri- 
son’s Landing,  as  the  neighborhood  now  known 
as  Bladensburg  was  called.  He  died  in  1752 
while  preaching  at  a funeral. 


tain  such  a correspondence  as  may  conduce  to  the  improvement 
of  our  ministerial  abilities,  by  prescribing  texts  to  be  preached 
on,  by  two  of  our  number  at  every  meeting,  which  performance 
is  subjected  to  the  censure  of  our  brethren;  our  subject  is  Paul's 
epistle  to  the  Hebrews.  I and  another  began  and  performed 
OUT  parts  on  vs.  1 and  2.  The  3d  is  prescribed  to  Mr.  Andrews 
and  another.  If  my  friends  write,  direct  to  Mr.  John  Yard,  at 
Philadelphia,  to  be  directed  to  me  in  Virginia.  Pardon,  sir, 
this  diversion  from 

Your  humble  serv’t,  and  brother  in  the 

Work  of  the  Gospel, 

Francis  Makemie. 

Penjamin  Ci'linan,  to  v/hotn  the  letter  is  addres.sed,  was  Pas- 
tor of  Lirattlc  Street  Church,  Boston. 


fv:i if sii  '•  '-■'t  -f  f.fvf 

-M  ryidj.y$'J^}':nq  ijn;"'  .'■-;.'i'!rfyq  jilOlllfW 

lii^hut ' i • ] O'-Tir^  1 . ')  jl  t I'i  /.  • ' I- ; " ■ I ' : l'  j'i  Ifji'ft 
■Oil  ..'i';”  i ■ ■'  I i i\i  ‘I  'iv  ■'  ' *'ii  r :V?T 

or«i;  i; ■ ' .iV’-  y'!'T:‘yr>  ^ 

■y 1 /-■'■  ' ’'-t  -li*  -i 

■■  y-yy/'  ; ' ^ ' ■'  1 ,!•  " '■'  ' i . 

^ . ' : ,•  J ! "ff:  •■  , 

' ‘ ^ 

■::'■■  •,  'O':.;,;;;  : ! ’r":  iOO',i'/.rOi 

■ ' i ’ : ::  . ; ? ('  ■ f i'or. • ( *V^i< 'i< 

-,.  ■ ; . , : ,' ' ' ',  j , o'  „ •■,:  ■ ■ ; 

, > ■'■■ : '''O  ■ h:o,:. ■ 

' : ...'K'hnl U Hil 
. ,■  , -y;  O;  'jHdv/ 


ii,  , , ■ ' ■ , , "v  «I«i 

„ lo 

,,  ,'  : ,■  ,:i;  J.  ‘ '!vO  ,iiiO 

, . ■ , „ ( ••)■!  »*i 

, ■ , , I . \ !‘l  ;m!  : O" 

. . ; .V,  '*s;o 

■,:  ; .,1  '■  O;?;  ; :i<  0 J'l;; Ua«. 

y,  ;;  : ., 

/(!■•  ;l  n;.u>:;-vviii>  *fidi 

■ ■ ■ ■'  .'  ■;r^  {yli,V‘f.:y  V- ! ; ? , S ).!  1.1  KUOT 

,,  . VI! 

' ■ O ‘ ":i  ,(f 

, , .;i;.  ■n'"-.!  i i ' fO  W* 


PRESBYTERIAN  MINISTERS. 


197 


On  Bohomiit  Manor  tho  Hngnenots,  and  Ee- 
formcd  Dutcli  organized  a Presbyterian  church, 
and  by  the  iiilluence  of  Hutcheson,  Professor  of 
Moral  Philosophy  in  the  University  of  Glasgow, 
Alexander  Hutcheson,  of  Scotland,  in  1723,  be- 
came pastor,  and  his  elders  were  John  Brevard 
and  Dr.  Peter  Bouchelle,  while  the  Bayards  and 
Bassotts  were  parishioners. 

In  1747  the  eloquent  and  youthful  Eogers,Mhe 
son-in-law  of  Colonel  Peter  Bayard,  and  the  asso- 
ciate of  Samuel  Davies,  preached  with  great  suc- 
cess in  Somerset,  and  William  Winder,^  a gentle- 
man of  culture,  who  had  been  a strong  Church 
of  England  man,  under  his  mild  influence  be- 
came a zealous  Presbyterian,  and  did  much  to 
sustain  the  denomination  in  that  county. 

Among  the  tirst  lay  delegates  to  the  presby- 
teries and  synods  of  that  churcli  are  found  the 
names  of  Adam  Spence,^  Archibald  Edmistone,  ' 
and  James  Beale. 

It  was,  however,  a branch  of  the  church  not 
very  well  adapted  to  the  condition  of  the  prov- 
ince. To  the  luxurious  and  proHigate  it  seemed 


r Afterward  pastor  in  New  York  City. 

2 Winder's  daughter  married  a Mr.  Morris,  of  Worcester 
County,  and  her  sons  were  the  late  Dr.  ^torris,  of  Dover,  Dela- 
ware, and  John  B.  Morris,  Esq.,  of  Btiltimore. 

^ Adam  Spence  was  the  ancestor  of  Dr.  John  S.  Spence,  U.  S. 
Senator  from  lbJ7  to  ISll,  Judges  .\ra  Spence  and  Thomas  A, 
Spence. 

n* 


XU  % a , 

Ba0  iS?4lt  lonftK  a>»>nc#^r^  xrO 

’,,xb70rfo  ac  4 i)€>.\iii4;s;(o  (fo)a(I 

fo'  jo&mJmH,  ,x!td«9if;>trjlt  e3o<tf>rir^Jir  or/i  ’ir<f  baj,  , 
e^o§8Xjl0  lo  '<^icri07niU  0/ft  Mf  tooM 

-od^i*Ti  0]  "io  (fioH;?<fc>X0H  'i3[)0i{>;^){A 

t>T4Yi?'iE  fliioi  ovjf^  h'lshio  hid  bun  ^*}<;>jkrK|  9x0110 
hmt  otii  oJMw  vjStU  M hm 

-.«i9nohf>i’inr|  3'io'W' a^^oggiilC 
Oifl^,ei9^oH  I/ildlwo’^  Jbnu  t0O0|7<>f9  9iU  TKI  0I. 

oiit  J>0ft  J)tnv«tl  xojo‘I  fo0oK>O  ynibabnoh 
-fiO«  ijiiv/  boiBii^'iq  ^nohsiil  9h)b 

11  ^'J9|J^tY/^  laSiiiliYf  Ixni  ,l9ft'jofnoB  ai  ?,em 
ji:mjflO  ^0O‘<tg  n nood  kud  oil'?x  *io  tiJim 

ooai^fjliit:  lilaii  gtiif  xobiii;  fUjiai  l0i«Ig03[  ’to 
ol  ijonar  I>iL  bn/x  ar/o  mum 

.\itwoi>  fd  noib>  10 jgouof)  oii)  irblsaa 
-y/Boiq  oifro)  ?.otfi^9fob  yxd  tmh  -nij  ^rioxiiA 
Difj  bimdl:  oih  xf-mnlo  Xndt  I0  ><bo07ft  biU  aoho^ 
fOnotahaldi  bl^idx  J'j  iA  aiwbA  lo  aom/ai 

hna 

ion  xBi mla^  oifi  lo  rhiumf  ,gr;r  il 

-VQ'iq  9fh  lo  nodibnoo  odJ  oi  l>oJ<|iii)<i  flovx  viov ' 
boiuooa  bixii  auohuxvi  odi  oT  .0001* 

' .tirO  Ao“/  wi>]!S  aJ 

j'jix.^^T0J7  J(>  \y.i'nol/,  .^^^v,,|i.  a'lnlini'Yf  t ,.- 

,litY0<I  Xi>  ^f.HwU  »df  iiifft  3f»0« 

iu  ,kni»fA}/!  ,ai  fliitii  liifM  f^JBW 

*vj  ,P/  Yo  tf»a  Ki;w  &’)U'>t|^  * 

.A  ^auiytlT  «i4  fiajili/t  ,11^51  07  rtio-0 


198 


TERRA  MARIjE. 


\ 

% 


I 

\ 

! 

\ 


I 


austere,  and  to  the  emotional  and  illiterate  its 
forms  of  worship  were  too  cold.  It  has  never 
yet  been  able  to  flourish,  in  a land  destitute  of 
school-houses,  and  where  labor  is  not  honored, 
having  always  felt  that  there  was  great  signifl- 
cance  in  the  old  proverb,  ‘^Laborare,  est  orare.” 


‘OtiriViHii,  , 1^)104  !0;  r;  '■■' 

<-:iid  tl  J>’"''i  ('<'<*  '7  -•  ■.’^?  •!,;  .;-'\''t 

'!«;  Iv^vl  ■ ':  ' '■’  '■/'. 

, r. iui'i  fii  '''.<‘,7;}  ^ 

.' ;r,v  1 "^ren  ''  ■!  ■■■’  ^ 


CHAPTER  SEVENTH. 

SOCIETY  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY,  AND  CAUSES 
WHICH  LED  TO  INDEPENDENCE. 

the  commencement  of  the  eighteenth 
ill  I century,  the  province  contained  many 
large  land  proprietors,  and  a few  sparse 
settlements.  Planters  counted  their  acres  by 
thousands,  and  a wilderness  often  intervened  be- 
tween them  and  their  nearest  neighbors.  The 
country  was  so  ribbed  with  rivers,  that  there  was 
navigation  to  nearly  every  man’s  door,  and  it 
was  with  pride  the  planter  beheld  the  vessel 
from  Europe,  sail  up  one  of  the  numerous  tribu- 
taries of  the  Potomac  or  Chesapeake,  and  unload 
on  his  own  soil,  the  assorted  cargo.  The  cap- 
tains and  crew  of  the  colonial  marine  were  well 
pleased  with  this  condition  of  things,  as  their 
arrival,  having  been  long  looked  for,  and  much 
talked  of,  they  were  always  cordially  welcomed; 
and  during  their  stay,  were  not  only  the  guests, 
but  had  the  entire  freedom  of  the  neighborhood. 
A vignerte  on  a map  of  ^^ary!and  aiul  Virginia, 

(loa)' 


14 


|*.HTK3738  Safn'AHD 


AD  HrmrrnmM  mi 


.#■ 


'^^0-  ]>^tiiR)aoD^'^'0mvm<|  $ifi,  ^;^iitiam-^ 
h^inZ^^  b^thf 

v 'V#' :;  '*  '.'i/f  ■ ■ ,W  ^ '■'S 

Ytf^,  ft^oA  ^ ^if..ata*Miraill0«, 

If  i>«.« 

?|“  '.-v  ■ , ■./*'  :r.  #,  /'.,  ■'•■'*  « '^"  ■ -?«■■  - g:.iaga 

Otddj  ffilYYn  rttitf  WOtHTII  Oft  8aW  'fllnOOO 

Jr  I)(i1^f,iooi>' ' a’oBcif  ^^or^^hn0.  0i^olf0^70i^i 

0smlq"  mit  ofeii#  ilim- 

^ -fjqni  |iKn^»i^  lo  oao  <{w  Iwiift  />qo"irfd  moYi 

^v  fcr»ofa0j>qa^o5i««H^  oAinoJo*!  odJ^o  esiiaJ 

,,^  odT^.,  ;.o^tfto.i.'oO'J-roa?t«  odt^jiioft  jivfO 
**■'  flow 'OYQ^yA  oifT^  I'BtllofoD  »dj^v|io^7/''«)10 

diiifm  bm  ^noit  ^,/>o>loqr>' 


.booifiofWswr  h Lwbson^mi^m  ixftjbmi^ad 
sMm'pl  y *o  " ' 


200 


TEREA.  MARIjE. 


published  more  than  a century  ago,  represents  a 
common  plan  cation  scene.  A planter  sits  with 
easy  dignity  in  front  of  his  storehouse,  smoking 
a pipe,  and  v^'atching  the  slaves  packing  and 
coopering  hogsheads  of  tobacco,  intended  for 
the  return  cargo  of  the  ship,  moored  at  the  land- 
ing, while  a half-nude  negro  is  bearing  to  the 
captain  of  the  vessel  a waiter  with  glasses  of 
wine. 

With  such  facilities  for  shipping  their  prod- 
ucts direct  to  Europe,  they  did  not  feel  depend- 
ent upon  commercial  centres,  and  as  there  was 
no  back  country,  tliere  could  be  no  large  towns. 
Saint  ^lary  contained  about  fifty  houses,  and 
Annapolis  was  not  as  large.  A rhymer^  of  that 
era  describes  the  latter  as — 

“A  city  situate  on  a plain, 

Where  scarce  a liouse  will  keep  out  rain, 

The  buildings  framed  with  cypress  rare, 

Ilesemble  much  our  Southwark  fair.” 

Slaves  Averc  rapidly  increasing,  and  those 
directly  from  Guinea  were  but  little  above 
beasts  of  burden.  It  was  necessary  to  commn- 


* This  extract,  quoted  by  Ridgley,  is  from  a satire  entitled, 
‘‘The  Sot  Weed  Factor,  or  a Voyage  to  Maryland.  A Satyr. 
In  which  is  described  the  laws,  government,  courts,  and  con- 
stitution of  the  country;  and  also  the  buildings,  feasts,  frolics, 
entertainments,  and  drunken  huniotirs  of  that  part  of  America. 
In  bitrles(jue  verse.  Ry  IOm'u  Cooke,  Oent.  Loud. : by  1>. 
Rragg.  17<JS.”  dio.  j)p.  kl. 


a uftiCl  d’j»>fir  i^od^fldfiq 

il^iw' Bib  'iuJnjKWt  A,,  nobjpiijsiq  aoi^iiiioa 

•;i|i;u>l[of£ii4'  8t*i?  io  litoil  f/f  ' ’■ 

fnifi  :g{!,M:>iiq  H3VBk  odi  "gjushUr^r  hms  ^ 

'loJ  b^baonti  ^oo^dof  ^niioqoot) 

4>nnl>>i{)  k»wonr  ,qrflB  ixtirio  awioz  odi 
Bdt  oJ"  81  h elijfv/ <^xii 

'to  80bi&bI^>^  fith/  v.dtM7r  « Ix>6a97  sdl 

*f>otq  ^^tikiijld^  !<>i  fhdft  dii /f 

4)aoq*jb  htft  ion  Idf)  votll  .c^oiuld,  oi  io^riifx  aioii 

(niTiOfiffiioo  XJ0<|0  in'* 

,mwoS  9^:!  nl . tx i od  bl n OO'  modi  ,*{1  id  ?m  '■iij>nd'  /' . - , 

bax5  /flit  iuodii  horn  id  mro  v^TrM  icmB 

;ii,di  'io  ^'foar/di  A <ioa  h:i7f  Rfio«|/uifiA 


^tihUi  a no  \th  h** 

,niai  u/iyrj'}‘fjl  Hr/f^fueii  a »•s^>4W 

.tviit”!  W*»7qtJ»  dii’ff  ho/iiftn  »rlT 

'\KiiA  rflfi!  'll>WO«4  TWO  4'TIIW  I>14»«3«dH 


•.oill  bn  a ^-linp-iioaoru  Tlbiqiri  oiovA  aovnl^^ 
a>iln  otilH  iud  moo/  n'/nioO  ino-il  vjjxnib 
inifiioo  ot  -ini».aooon  auvf  .aobwd  io  isianod 


J>9nliai^  9iJu^.  a m<ii1  f>l  «i4T  * 

ot  97iitxo^'"fi  K-'rydjhl^'^-fW  Jt>8  9df** 
*rt«3  I>£t«  ,«v/’i'tf' 01  jyidw  nf 

^sUotA  tub  o*U  brt«  ;7it(ijjcv  odt  lo  miftriha 

.r.tih^mh  I0  1‘XW'i;  IjsjU  ‘jo  ATwooiml  tinif/yrii'  i>u»  .aAnaiuaUlf'jJit'l 
M x<\  : .fyn*a-  .irt'jU  uimKI  .r)i  - ,oVt-jt  »wpf;/b»H» . «1 

Ji:  ,qi| 


CULTIVATION  OF  TOBACCO. 


201 


nicate  with  them  by  signs;  and  to  teach  them 
the  use  of  the  plow,  and  other  agricultural  im- 
plements, was  more  tedious  than  the  breaking  of 
a horse  to  harness. 

Others  as  dark  as  the  native  African,  but 
born  in  America,  were  the  principal  held  hands, 
and  with  an  allowance  of  a peck  of  meal  per 
week,  and  some  salt,  with  such  fish  and  game  as 
they  could  catch,  they  were  pushed  by  overseers 
to  cultivate  large  fields  of  tobacco.  Six  thou- 
sand plants  to  the  acre  were  usually  planted,  and 
each  slave  it  was  hoped,  would  make  a thousand 
pounds.  Bennett,  the  descendant  of  one  of 
Cromwell’s  commissioners,  owned  thirteen  hun- 
dred slaves,  four  hundred  more  than  Col.  Carter, 
of  Yir  ovinia.  ^ 

O 

Beside  the  negro  slaves,  there  were  indented 
white  servants,  or  redemptioners,  who  sei’ved  a 
stipulated  period,  in  payment  for  their  outfit  and 
the  expenses  of  the  voyage  from  the  ‘^old  coun- 
try.”^ They  were  sometimes  enticed  aboard 


1 Douglass'  Historical  and  Political  Summary  of  the  British 
Settlements  in  North  America.  London,  1749. 

‘ In  looking  over  some  old  family  papers,  in  possession  of  a 
near  relative,  I tind  a letter  from  a Glasgow  merchant,  dated 
January  19,  1714,  and  addressed  to  “Mr.  Thomas  Mackey, 
merch’t  on  Potomoak  River. 

After  speaking  of  goods  shipped,  he  writes:  “The  servants 
are  all  well  cloathed,  and  provided  with  bedding,  as  ye  will 
see.” 

lie  then  states  that  sutue  of  the  :'Orvants  prefer  “ Mariland. 


4 if^vv;  Atinin 

..J-i  ^nh 

.,  :‘'''::'>iftoiq 

; ' W ';•{<  ))]  K 

;.-‘'^,w  ;V?{J 

t.  , .„.;| 

'■•'iH  ':  ' oi 
: '.  ,i,» 


-:  ’ r,.'  ■ '■'  ^ci; 

' ' ,‘  :■ , 1 j ' ,.  Zli 

v^,.;  ■'l>.V'  ii’ 

1“ i,'u  ,1'ioi  i?i, 

v V-'  ,i  I /iVr'rh  : 'JjiiOl'!' 

I‘;'  , !' '1  I i ' ■■/'■./'  "'"'} 

: :H  . ••■'I  ;i>  : ni-f 

I ..^..  ...'  ■ , , . arjfl 

...  ,:  , ■ - ■ , wV;ii  'Vii 


202 


TERRA  MARLE. 


ships,  hj  a class  of  men  called  spirits,”  and 
brought  to  the  colonies  and  soldd 


the  reason  whereof  is  that  Virginia  is  a little  odious  to  the  peo- 
ple here.”  There  were  shipped  on  board  the  American  Mer- 
chant, thirty-five  women,  thirty  boys,  and  twenty-eight  men. 
Subjoined  are  the  names  and  occupations  of  some  of  the  men 


and  boys : 

Names  of  Men.  Occupation. 

William  Colvin Cooper. 

Arch’d  Williamson Smith. 

Peter  Campbell Coppersmith. 

John  Kennedy Wright. 

JaTiics  Adamson Sailor. 

Daniel  Millar Shoemaker. 

Henry  Hunter Tailor. 

James  Chrystie Farmer. 

Names  of  Boys.  Occupation. 

Alex’r  Campbell Tailor. 

Charles  Swinton Weaver. 

Wm.  Watson Barber. 

Peter  Graham Glover. 

Henry  McMillan Butcher. 

John  Toward Painter. 

Janies  Porteous Baker. 

Wm.  Brown Shoemaker. 

Thos.  Falconer Farmer. 


^ Nearly  two  centuries  ago,  James  Pancoast,  a watchmaker’s 
apprentice  in  London,  was  kidnapped  and  sold  to  a gentleman 
in  Maryland.  By  his  industry  he  obtained  a tract  of  land  at 
Gisborough,  the  point  on  the  Potomac,  in  sight  of  Washing- 
ton, used  as  a cavalry  depot  during  tlie  late  war. 

Having  been  drowne<l  and  unmarried,  his  estate  was  un- 
cbiimed  for  a long  period,  jind  reverted  to  the  Proprietary'. 
'J’wo  of  his  brothers,  William  and  Josej'h,  n ere  early'  settlers  in 


£>rijs  “ JfoIIr,-:!  n»m  lo- a«fib  a itd  ,«qrrf8 

p . ,.  _ '.i)Jo8  brtfi  a9tHoIor>  »d)  oJ  trf^»cn«f 


-00*1  »di  oi  ftlHil  /$  m oiwiRiiT  lo#^9*fw  oo^an  nd» 

-11^/:  ij«ohsraA  uJ*  no  n^iw  <Jt9«IT  *\«i‘iri 

.«0<rt  i>n.*i  ,H7od  .nitftow  ,ifflAdo 

fli>0i  OilJ  »m<»s  to  odi  9JM  tsahlduH 

ba» 

f■'y:^^  ‘ ,»ic«»Vt  \c>  WrWtti^A 

,j,i mtu?^ b’d»tL 

nod<3mj»0 

.ni;ijhW...,., aiiot 

.toIfaijJ  ......  ,.m*'.ainbA 

hldisil 

. ,..„99|?twn  icia^n 

.I9«n»'i....... 

.«wVw^w.»0 

,i(,UaT..>, .UodqmiiO  I'i'jIA 

.ntjvjt-iW... aiyAalwB  tfifhfidO 

- aoEiiiV/  myf 

,i.*> Yol b m 4 «T»)  -IS ) 



.....Inpv/oT  utUC 

««oo>KQ*I  a.‘)‘mfX 

fl'woiU  .m  ff 

...  • '«onuo(«'’i  .EodT 

nfiaiam*^  & 5>f*’>p  Litd  ««'f  neli/tovl  ni  'jOlnt»t<(<|Ji 

!.«  Ndtif  l%wsi*h.(x>-  rH  .«J' 

-gflSii-nVr  to  .h<5{'“'  lit  /..i'aooio'I  •?:(*  00  Ifitttq  ?>4J 

,‘<uP  t>ia!  isiiivitlii  JOtfftl)  TftJjrrito  * 5i«  ,AOl 

nei  «|r«  ,t  'M*n«i)noii  bo»  l>yOK'tTb  o-jW  5jrtI/4»U 

o.:i  o»  JonovN-i  torn  .U^Hvq  ^nol  « tot  im^iu  b 
r.i  Vi'uiO  ct’J'.  f ,if'.|->«*^L  nuMii  U .'stliljtO'ld'rtiS  lo  V«T 


WHITE  A ED  BLACK  MARE  I AGES.  203 


Later  in  the  century,  Immlreds  of  paupers  and 
convicts  were  also  slii]>ped  from  the  cities  of 
Great  Britain,  and  such  was  the  demand  for 
labor,  they  were  eagerly  sought.  A newspaper 
of  the  year  1737.  under  the  caption  of  ‘‘An 
arrant  cheat  detected  at  Annapolis,”  states  that 
a vessel  arrived  tliere,  brinoincr  sixtv-six  inden- 
tures  signed  by  the  !NIayor  of  Dublin,  and 
twenty -two  wigs,  of  such  a make  that  it  was 
evident,  that  tliey  were  intended  for  no  other  use 
than  to  give  a respectable  appearance  to  the  con- 
victs, when  they  should  go  ashore. 

Some  of  this  class,  removed  from  tlic  corrupt- 
ing influences  of  crowded  cities,  seemed  to  be 
able  to  overcome  temptation,  and  made  good 
and  useful  citizens. 

At  one  period,  the  marriages  between  free- 
born English  white  women  and  negro  slaves 
were  so  frequent,  that  the  Assembly  enacted 
that  the  wives  of  such  should  he  slaves,  during  > 
the  lifetime  of  their  liusbands,  and  also  that 
their  children  should  be  held  in  bondage. 

In  1681,  Eleanor  Butler,  or  Irish  Xell,  as  she 
is  termed  in  the  law  reports,  one  of  Lord  Balti- 
more’s domestics,  was  married  to  a negro  slave, 
and  her  employer’s  influence  was  used  to  ol)tain 


Mansfiel'l,  l>urlington  County,  New  Jorsey,  ami  years  after  the 
drowning  of  James,  in  177U,  the  descenJaats  of  tliesc  brothers 
brought  suit  for  the  property,  in  the  ])rovincial  court. 

/ 

\ 


io  ewlnj  oili  moi^  l>>qqfii#f"  o*jow  >,h>r/ijoo 
...loi.  f/iil  R/iW  ffyi;8  fin;s  tniaJnE  tfiotO 

‘jo<|i',q^sv/axi  A J mow  yjjdt  ^locbil 

isA*^  'lo  stH  %ohtw  JSTf  d?lt  lo 

imh  H'jivM  '\effo«|£rrm  A.  tarnfo  la^tiTO 

-qebrti  -^m^nhd  ^modl  fmmxi  l980t)v  « 

im/j  ,i}]|(JL*<I  'lo  rtor^KlA  mii  '/<i  eoiwi 

auw  ji  « ifooa  lo  rS'L^ivf 

opij  -loffjo  OfT  t/sdl  (tt?«>I)fV9 

-*ID0  oih  ol  ooainft^qrjfis  oi  xiijdt 

•nofiME  WiJuHs noifv/ fS^oiv 
-.tqnTJoo  0(1  j i/ioil  kovomO'f  ) viiO  omo8 
oti  ot  koifjooa  ^aoak»  i>oriv/<no  1>  .v>o(touftirii  ^ni 
ivc*ow  oh/Uii  him  'v;0OOiovo  ot  el<f;j 

. ■_  ^-.^nv^drh  f)i!« 

-riori  aoovriod  EO^nhiittn  od)  dxd'forf  ofio  lA 
Bovida  oii>9n  l>im  fHirnov/  olitfv/  irioif 

vjdiiio^aA  r»i{j  tf;j[l  ..tnoupa'i't  o«  oiow 

,aovi{l«  o<i  klwotla  ilooa  la  ojvw  odt  Iftdi 
Jmij  0^1 /i  ,iiO«  fBhiuidami  liosi)  'lo  ortt Motif  odl 
.'>^;>.f5bfi<>c(  (li  Idoif  od  hhmdc  i»o'iklido  liotfi 
oda  ftii  jlc^Vl  d-^ril  lo  /lofto^l  'i^ouiofH  al 

-iiLdl  fnoJ  oifo  <^^ho<|‘n  Wi.l  odt  lu  koiinal  ei 
^07iik  o'li^oji  f»  ol  imruun  hnw  ^aolimmoh  a'o'ioin 

iai4*<-i!i  1l4»  9iO  ui  imraui.  V^  ^^tOnwa'ib 

.ni/O'*  'tdi  ni  , >ii (■  ,‘■>*■*1  Sitlfl  ' 


204 


TERRA  MARTJE. 


a modification  of  the  law  of  16Go,  but  it  did  not 
prevent  the  enslaving  of  her  offsi)ring. 

Planters  often  encouraged  these  alliances, 
from  mercenary  motives,  so  that  it  became  ne- 
cessary to  make  it  a penal  offence  for  any  mas- 
ter, mistress,  or  dame,”  to  persuade  or  encour- 
age a white  woman  to  marry  a negro  slaved 

In  1719  the  population  of  the  province  con- 
sisted of  fifty-five  thousand  whites  and  twenty- 
five  thousand  slaves.  Indolence  on  the  part  of 
the  planters,  and  dependence  upon  irresponsible 
servants,  produced  the  usual  consequences,  and 
the  laws  enacted  during  the  first  twenty-five 
years  of  this  century,  prove  the  prevalence  of 
bankruptcy.  To  avoid  their  English  creditors, 
planters,  too  proud  to  dig,  fled  from  the  planta- 
tions, while  indented  servants,  by  thrift  and  in- 
dustry, soon  became  owners  of  the  deserted  es- 
tates. The  ‘'^Gentleman’s  Magazine,”  of  1732, 
speaks  of  seventy  planters  of  Aiaryland,  in  de- 
spair at  the  low  price  of  tobacco,  conspiring  and 
destroying  the  plants  of  those  wlio  were  still  dis- 
posed to  cultivate. 

^ The  maternal  grandmother  of  Benjamin  Banneker,  the  mu- 
latto mathematician  and  astronomer,  who  assisted  Ellicott  in 
laying  out  the  City  of  Washington,  was  a white  woman  who 
married  her  negro  slave. 

Jefferson  sent  a cop}*  of  liis  almanac  to  Condorcet,  Secretary 
of  the  French  Academy  of  Scieimc,  who  in  reply  wrote  a com- 
plimojitary  letter  to  too  Anelo-AtVican.  The  Maryland  Histor- 
ical Society  has  published  two  sketches  of  his  life.  Ho  was 
born  in  ITol,  and  died  in  1804. 


joa  iyth  jt  jjfct  v/^il  oilr  lo  (miJftoflihom  » 

.«i)^nnlHi5  ^)«oif)  iM^'^^mirnm  nsho  ftiolnaM 
-‘jii  oai)JD<>d  il  txj»it  OB  ,B<f7Uom  ’iimto'notff  xnoil^v 
'fifiT  **  'ifft  oouello  fiiiiec(  i4 1i  e^lam  oi  7;uiaH0o 
-utdone  *j(>  ot  *i<’ 

^374^  oi::i;>ft  fi  vii^m  o^  d^movr  s:tfri -7  ft 
*ffOO  *30fir/oirj[  yxli  lo  fioi+«Iif(|o<|  QITI  ^tl 
-vtriov^t  bnii  e•:d^d'/^  bnftSiKuil  to  hoiais 

lo  J iAq  ito  frixwif  biiX  .?»<*vi'.i'-  i)nftf:ifoxit 

i^qtJ  fi^utobitoqol)  bira  .^n^hiiiiq  odt 
b,nft  ,?9s>xji>n[‘)*-)t‘*xio^>  IfWBif  <5>dt  1 ■*t>ni>o’iq  ^^-JuKVioft 

*k>  oa5i^»(ftv^:]Kq  avo7q  /nn^iu>'v  i-id)  ki  ^ 

, ••'!‘.]it(l)^>i''>  ‘fiodt  fiiQvM  o 1. 

orf*^  ift^' it  ,‘§H>  ot  bucTKi  ooi  ffji^oittrJq-- 
-td  fm/i  tti'iifi  7(1  oliihf  <«HoiJ 

bot'i^gob  i>ilt  'to  hion  r/o  ^/0iisv>  »d  noo^i  ,7il8oI) 
/do I 'io  ’',9fxisjr^ftl/x  OftT 

-oh  id  d>iiftl7;ift]/.  'io  fii9infilq  Ytnovya  Xo 
bfTft  ^f] niq^H' >t>  ,oOi>Hdoi  kv  9 >ri«|  '/of  otfi  ift 
-felh  flir-i  odv/  d^Otli  to  o<ti  >)«r(pik8‘>h 

.9hi /iliuo  oi  lJ08oq 

,.  ^ ^^_.,,.^,.^,.v.  •■  ■--■  • ■•  ,",•■•■  r^v 

i‘fii  'Jii)  Iw  linTOJ^-i*  »iiT  ‘ 

tti  iifrnHB  oiiff  /omonotmn  hn»  a 

oii'H  Melilio#  *i  «#w  ,rio>’r^iUtf«jiVy  \o  VXiO  oili 

(n%\*n  teiti  iiwnftc* 

X'liwn'yo?,  Oo^ioi-rjwO  <>»  au\  k#  ^ 

XI  9-I01W  >h\n  <-».  Vit  '•  'ju\*Ajk‘>L 

*;  .'.on  •■.  T 0,/i-o{-w  '..0  i.i  TXIWI 

' .»u  kM-V’  ''••(■Im'.jJ..  r>’<yt  Iy>rf.OWxK|  •Mil 

' ._,  .iWi  ai  tmb  l)Kj».,rfiif,tti 


ANNAPOLIS  AT  AN  EARLY  DAY.  205 


When  the  second  Charles  Lord  Baltimore  vis- 
ited Maryland,  the  country  had  not  j^et  recovered 
from  the  excessive  cultivation  of  one  staple,  as 
the  following  lines,  addressed  to  him,  indicate: 

“Too  long,  alas!  Tobacco  has  engross’d 
Our  cares,  and  we  mourn  our  markets  lost; 

The  planters’  crops,  that  overspread  our  plains, 

Reward  with  poverty  the  toiling  s^vains ; 

Their  sinking  staple  chills  the  planters’  hearts 
Nor  dare  they  venture  on  uupractic’d  arts; 

Despondent  they  impending  ruin  view'. 

Yet  starving,  must  their  old  employ  pursue. 

If  you  benevolent,  afford  your  aid. 

Your  faithful  tenants  shall  enlarge  their  trade; 

By  you  encourag'd,  artists  shall  appear, 

And  gath’ring  crowded  towns,  inhabit  here  ; 

Well  pleas'd  would  they  employ  their  gainful  liands 
To  purchase  and  improve  your  vacant  lands.” 

Toward  the  middle  of  the  century,  Annapolis 
began  to  be  a centre  of  trade  and  fashion.  Here 
the  deputies  of  the  Crown  and  Proprietary’  dwelt, 
and  astonished  the  country’  people,  by  a poor  imi- 
tation of  the  follies  and  vices  of  the  English  no- 
bility’, and  introducing  the  French  hair-dresser 
and  dancing-master. 

The  style  of  the  public  buildings  and  priv’ate 
residences  did  not  improve  much  before  the 
Revolution.^  The  court-house  at  the  capital  was 


1 Barnaby,  an  Archdeacon  of  the  Church  of  England,  who 
visited  the  place  in  17*i0,  says  : 

“Aunapolis  consists  of  ahem  one  hundred  and  fifty  houses. 

18 


i-02 

,'te  ’ ' ‘V'.'  ' ■ 

Bawooe-i  tat  ,I>n/jltiijM  baH 

ouo  aofinYi?ff/:>  C'Vr>-.o')xa  orfi  ino'jl 
:oiuoil>nr  ^fx^u^  oi  ^^r-ouil  ’'3nr/7oiiui 

b'w^<vJ5^!Tt’i  tfjaoi.'.jVT  ! ** 

; ;';C»r- i«;n  ;ao  ow  l-i 

.VfltAlq  -trif#  hxJ9r.|67i>v«.  u-il)  *sm5'rf»*.V?  ^lit  ■. 

; Rtijisws  ?ini.’ioi  ‘r.l"  /itsvoq  Uli  w 

«n/:'‘jd'' >’»•!> ■<>>’?  fcjruf-;  tbdT 

ib'oj>.''‘i*(<'M-iu  nv>  to>5 

^vr:irt  nafi  joqcati 

.^ifje'’i?q  ijA'iu'’)  Wo  li’j.*  ' t-'Oiii  .'ya/Tinisj  J®jf 
. ,}.,■.(!  -UJOY  l.'.'vJff-  ,iti*»lo7i)n9<i 
; lii'.-i-.  ^uit  r.^t  jjAdHW  Tiwf 
'"’*  ,*l4^»^JiJ^  Ti 

i :-‘r:'il  ;id'*v:n5  ,.»n t.M.t' gT?H'ii)»5  hnA  ■ 

Rbojiinj/hv^Y^r^bii’  vTifquio -fYiii  ,W>»ow  ”. 

'*.?liij(M  ifli'OKY  IjrTB  fjrKtloviq  «>T 

>ii,Io(|ftnii A , uH  to  4r;L’:;i  ?>ili  Inixv/oT 

anall  rro'hru't  hnn  oliYiri'/  *i''*)i( » :»  f;  i:*J  u)  /tE^ad 
,*ly//b  vjj;i:.;i’t’j[o'f^I  l»d!;  nv/tyy)  -HfAto  ad) 

-ifui  ’fO'xi  u ' -'f  . 'd •■((.>: *'|  Oiit  i>'jd^^nK>JMU  s>ti^ 

r’'^fl’|itK*:{  Yit>  l'>  f‘y'>n  r.dildil  •'►dj  lo  HOilfi) 
':oYh'i'irj‘’i{^d  ({‘..nin'i  i>ii'  •’it!r*)»f<0'imi-  biu:  //iffid 
" /i;.3-uoi-^ai*)n/d>  bnar 

ob  iT<|  bi!Xi  pH'S-jz-.j  •jii.t  iu  ol7b«  a.dT . 

. ; ■.  o'Kdad  il'ifffn  07o't«jnn  lou  hlh  -.ooiioljiIlaT 

4»Y*v  iiwiifxri ^.li)  ;lr!" ■••^>>^00 ({•■{•'{;(<■>’>  :->dT  booitiifovaH  '■ 

,i; ’’to  v,o  ;';  .!'!•  *i,7;  'i,'/  r:c»j ^ 
*^4i-  " ''.■"^'i^  r.  '*iiJ  fco-liatY 

'hM^r^  *’^r:ba  >1|  V'^  i •.•,■: i:.-j 

■"''  " -■  '■  ■■'■■  ■ 


206 


TERRA  MARIjE. 


decayed,  and  ‘‘  both  without  and  within  an  em- 
blem of  public  poverty,”  and  a certain  one  of 
their  own  poets  said : 

Here,  in  Annapolis  alone, 

God  has  the  meanest  house  in  town.” 

The  other  county  seats  were  not  superior.  A 
writer  in  the  London  Magazine  of  1746,  describes 
Snow  Hill  as  containing  one  brick  house,  the 
residence  of  the  Church  of  England  minister, 
and  the  frame  houses  as  primitive  in  their  ap- 
pearance. 

Living,  as  the  large  majority  of  the  popula- 
tion did,  on  isolated  plantations,  hospitality  ^vas 
scarcely  a virtue.  The  advent  of  a stranger  was 
rare,  and  he  was  ^‘sought  after  with  greediness;” 
servants  meeting  him  in  the  highways,  by  im- 
portunity compelled  him  to  come  to  their  mas- 
ter’s house.  Destitute  of  markets,  provisions 
were  abundant,  and  the  tables  were  loaded  with 
coarse  but  palatable  food.  At  breakfast  the 
guest  was  furnished  with  coffee  or  chocolate, 
hashed  meat,  venison  pasty,  punch,  beer,  or 
cider,  and  the  dinner  consisted  of  beef,  veal,  tur- 
key, fish,  and  oysters.  Having  an  abundance  to 


The  town  is  not  laid  out  regularly,  hut  is  tolerably  well  built, 
and  has  several  good  brick  liouses.  None  of  the  streets  are 
paved,  and  the  few  public  buildings  hero  are  not  worth  mention- 
ing. The  church  is  a very  poor  one,  the  stadt-housc  but  indif- 
ferent, and  the  Governor's  palace  is  not  finished.  " 


i ;;  ' /,'■  "• 

4 ’to  /:a.>id 

' 1'^;,;,-;  ii'WO 

' r.  H j ^ oq  *'  i'  St  A iii  ,« it » ? i ■ '■ 

i»AiC  1)0 i) 

ir  ^>dT 

^^^sV^v^v\  iKi1  '<'^tnw 
■'■  tn  in’H.  w;M.ir^ 

01  f*  Yo  D',  ivA>hm 

;■;,,,  i '■:'  od)  1>1J0 

,0 

,;r  --VI'.;  ‘.-d‘  i-o:  .'i.ovdl 

,r>ud'.H\  J-:)  .d'f>  n^oi 

..'Jii  \'i  t-  VV.>0'«  oO<l 
:;,  I :'-;,;  ioii'J  ,0  Osl 

: ■:  ■ . i ’.,!,  j:''  ' 

; i.  vd.or:1ioq 

I,. 

‘ , ■,,: . ’,.1'  , Osi;f,.»m}>i  uvr^r 

A':-,;,,  j )ifj  Oi-l/vXi  ■ 

h , i.-N'i 

A ■■:  M"  -'.1  ' dtii:  ,1'ddo 
■ ,;:i  ififo  .cfAff  <7).n4 


• i ii.t  )1.«  'd  «|WV>J  91IT 

.:,  ,,;  .:  „•(  |..ooa  t*0« 

:!  ■ i';.::  iil’du:.-  '‘1L  (,/t!  < b»# 

,:,  .,f  vr>;V  ^ J «*liT  Al^fW 

I--.;*  fo.'v'’;’ 


LETTER  OF  THOMAS  EDEX. 


207 


eat  and  drink,  the  population  “became  a care- 
less, unthinking  sort  of  folk.’’ 

As  there  were  no  commercial  centres,  ships 
came  to  plantations  after  passengers  wishing  to 
go  to  Europe.^ 


^ By  the  kindness  of  a lady  and  former  neighbor,  a near  rela- 
tive of  Lord  Fairfax,  I am  permitted  to  publish  a letter  illustra- 
tive of  the  above  remark,  written  by  a brother  of  Governor 
Eden  to  Geo.  AVm.  Fairfax,  who  lived  near  Mount  Vernon. 

Annapolis^  May  SOM,  1773. 

Sir  : 

I had  the  honor  of  receiving  your  letter  of  the  10th  of  May, 
sent  us  by  Colonel  Washington  in  his  w^ay  to  the  northward. 
I ^ad  the  pleasure  of  seeing  him  at  Chester,  on  the  Eastern 
Shore,  but  did  not  receive  the  letter,  which  had  been  (by  my 
brother’s  desire,  on  account  of  the  uncertainty  of  meeting  me) 
left  here  for  me,  and  I take  the  earliest  opportunity  since  my 
return  of  answering  it. 

It  will  be  agreeable  to  me  to  take  agreeable  passengers.  The 
terms  I have  established  are  20  guineas  for  cabbin  and  10  guineas 
for  steerage  passengers  from  this  country  to  London,  and  25 
and  12  from  London  to  Maryland,  on  account  of  the  estimated 
difference  on  the  length  of  the  voyage.  As  to  passengers,  I do 
not  know  of  any  except  your.<elf  and  family  whom  I am  likely 
to  carry  home  this  voyage,  as  faking  passengers,  unless  to  oblige 
particular  friends,  is  not  the  plan  I go  upon. 

Do  not,  however,  imagine  that  I shall  not  be  very  happy  in 
accommodating  you  and  your  family.  With  regard  to  provisions, 
you  probably,  sir,  can  be  as  good  a judge  as  I am.  You  may, 
I think,  venture  to  calculate  the  voyage  for  six  weeks.  Six 
hogs,  and  as  man}’’  sheep,  wliich  latter  ought  to  be  accustomed 
to  dry  meat  before  they  are  put  on  board,  with  such  geese, 
ducks,  and  fowls  as  you  can  (much  more  conveniently  than  I) 
put  on  board,  will,  with  out  own  Usual  provisions  and  what  I 


-(Tint}  4 him 

8<^M£  .a^'Onoo  bbi9f(tm  oa  9w/r  sT9f!t  aA 

oi  ^iiMalv/  Eit)^ti9H?ijfU|  'isilii  o/nU9 


-jsibT  •%»m  a Um  « lo  fiR»n(>xTU  ortJ  * 

muitUi  M deii.^ifq.  oi  ra»  1 b-t»j  to  orii 

‘iQmsvoO.to  •*»i)onti  4>  tJ*  ^ ^itnta\n  ^rcda  ojfi  to  otjJ 

MijiVt*!  tMiJoU  'i.ftAtf  bsvij  Qdv  .ifiyf  .oaOo^  n»i>a 

.ETTx  .A\oa  >5i.u' . 

\x»M  lo  ifiOt  *tfr  to  wo?:  To  waoii  0<J)  bjwi  X 

odJ  0?  x»^f  ifit  «(  »«  jum 

itTOi>f«a  »tU  on  M^ii9iO  H Vo  owiiao^  Wj  b«4  I 

\m'x4f  ia^d  {>«/!  dyjd>r  fitifJ  ovbo^i  ioO.:  bfb  ,«iorf8 

(fifl  to  tm^oooii  rto  .oihob  •SodJoi4 

X«i  oootB  xV*i5t.’iitoqqd  Jfftaih/o  'jdJ  X oioW  Jl»f 

.ti  jgiHiwwfcrtftto  riwtos 

&itT  ®IJjBt!'^T5[ji^-  ®a(»?  oJ  oto  o?  o4  iMo  ?I 

bar.  iudjfio  vo'l  i)tnn^  boilftiWjjr-o  oTita  i maii^i 

riJ  Ito.i  ,KobnoJ  oJ  ttifi*  ««>x‘i  e-io^^ovt^taq  *«o1 

^^.‘♦l{^:tl^3  arfi  tp  t<UM>’>ti4  OP  fjb«i«fv  4I  o^^boo.l  tao'iV  i*t  boo 
ob  I o)  «iv  ‘^a^xov  isiiili  to  rtii^urji  oris  auj  »oii(n*>*S:b 

x(®i(ir  1114  I '«ocN.  vfi'.sftt  b<i4  \h<imr  tqooxo  x««  Vo  wourf  loii 
ojsHrio  01  «*!oI«w  Aoq  ^nW^t  eo  xtt«o  ol 

.rtoqo  os  * ,*b«'»nt  •sjriooJ^T^q 

■ itl-x^fid  ^*T  Off  Jorti)ri«  X ,i»7&wdd  ^oo  oU 

,«fl«S'.}YOl«j  ct  b^/fS5>t  ri fivx  wot  tubowmopoa 

%id'  TH  '^f A f>dt  9Uhti>tno  of 

b90Hp*«tS'T>oa  »rf  Ol  loiM  rfoiri"  ,qoink 

rioat  ritjy  xi(>  0} 

llittrii  O'tf'fU  ijpMjW  t iU  > OP’/  fj«f4 

I i‘H4»  «m*f(siro')q  l4«j«  '’•'•'  rio  j«*| 


208 


TERRA  MARIJE. 


In  a country  so  new,  the  inns  were  mere  stop- 
ping places  to  water  the  horses  of  travelers,  and 
they  were  seldom  called  upon  to  lodge  or  enter- 
tain strangers.  Gentlemen  riding  from  Annapo- 
lis to  Baltimore,  in  1744,  usually  halted  about 
midday  at  James  Moore’s,  an  ordinary  house  in 
a double  sense,  at  the  head  of  the  Severn,  and 
from  thence  drove  to  the  Widow  Hughes,  at 
Patapsco  Ferry,  and  crossing  to  Whetstone 
Point,  proceeded  to  William  Rogers’s  Inn,  in 
Baltimore,  which  was  three  miles  from  the 
ferry. 

AMhen  the  ^laryland  Commissioners  went  to 
meet  those  of  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia  at  Lan- 
caster, for  the  purpose  of  holding  a treaty  with 
the  Six  Nations,  the  Hon.  Philip  Thomas,  one 


generally  carry  out  of  the  country,  suffice,  unless  you  choose 
any  one  kind  of  provisions,  and  in  that  case  you  will  lay  in  ac- 
cordingly. As  near  as  I can  possibly  guess,  we  shall  sail  by 
the  last  day  of  June,  from  Colonel  Fiizhugh’s,  in  the  mouth  of 
Patuxent  River,  where  I should  wish  to  receive  you  on  board, 
and  your  sea  stock,  and  should  the  ship  be  detained  there  a few 
days  by  any  unfortunate  delay,  Mrs.  Fairfax  may  be  well  en- 
tertained on  shore  by  the  worthy  colonel  and  his  lady,  whom  I 
reckon  amongst  my  best  friends.  I should  be  glad  to  hear  from 
you  by  the  next  post,  as  I shall  not  engage  my  cabbin,  should 
it  be  apply ed  for,  till  I know  your  determination. 

Please  to  direct  to  me  under  cover  to  the  Governor  here,  who 
will  know  where  to  forward  my  letters  to  me. 

I am,  sir, 

Your  rn’t  obed’t  humb.  serv't, 

Tims.  F.DKN. 


B02 


.(trij9  SWIT  W’"  7'!j(!I100  ."5  nl  ^ 

ban  ri9\9-J mi  lo  odMotow  ot  8'?oflIq  ■stnq 

"lotna  W7>,j)ru  ot  n «i,n  Lttlto>«K.b!o8' OMW 
-oq.n(i/  noi't  «-<''>> mni 

„.oan  fel.'cii  vns0:-«  ,U:Ti  «i  OJ  m! 

ti-  '.>1)0(1  ■nimitno  nn  ,^'rmol&  K‘)tnfd.  n.  vcbijrfti 
,,r.-v/->/  0(11  -lo  W <Kfi  iB.,aa^w^  oWuoo  s 
^ ' Klti-ftiiH  rrobn/  .7(1)  ol  07011)  »70t)xl.t 

O'J  S.tie.c'io  fcirs  o'X.qnlR^ 

„•  mtl  ^-nosolT  mnilir/r  oi  babooMiq  .»«» - 
ad)'  'onl  ooliai  (-■•n.U  e«v/  rf-lilv' 

-r:  Kinovl.-isufl-j-Tlo^il) 

iljiv)  yiK  H)  « 7 io  0>0<iwq-7.1.i 


s>rrr^  ,>'iunwAf  i. 


,'^'ilhi^  iioH  blU 


y 


y ,r  M'vrij.  .vr-iinvio:.  Jwo  tf***^*^^ 

1'  m„  V V ‘>v.  iMl/iii  biu. 

, , ■(;.«  (ii'.dB  9V;  1 . "f. 

• ■ • uM)i  ‘j'i’»  ;'.i  bflwIoO  :U0Hl  VJ.I- -«  ^ 

. „..  ,.  ..•  v/i»vi  <•'  deiwMBinix  !.««»'*  '■»’**  •’■'“i"*'’  * 

.„,  y;,  Mrm.uol.i)  .n»l> 

■ ' iv--  .<..«(>'.)■.  Mh'tov  7»i.t  vd  "rfOila  nc^ 


,.  •■«».(  . - I . -" -iooOE  f l»Sno»**' 

' ,'  .'  .,  ,«i.i  ;oK  ti«ii  i »ti  ,J?aq  !*(in  ('ll' X*!  *“”£ 

H'"  .■‘"l  ‘■'H.''!'!*  “ 

»aV .v<v.!  ...«to . .'0  td.  »*  it»»7  )-.iii'*> «« «» 

,T  ^(U»  4-  J|. ■ 

■ 

./tOvi  -r’lH'l 


COMMISSIONERS  REACH  NOTTINGHAM.  209 


of  fhe  Com  tills  si  oners,  Witham  Marshe,  the  Sec- 
retary, and  Rev.  Mr.  Cradock,  the  Chaplain, 
stopped  at  Moore’s,  and,  says  the  Secretary, 
“such  a dinner  was  prepared  for  us,  as  never 
was  either  seen  or  cooked  in  the  Highlands  of 
Scotland,  or  the  Isles  of  Orkney.  It  consisted 
of  six  eggs,  fried  with  six  pieces  of  bacon,  with 
some  clammy  pone,  or  Indian  bread. 

“ But,  as  hunger  knows  little  of  cleanliness, 
and  withal  very  impatient,  we  fell  to  and  soon 
devoured  the  victuals.  Our  liquor  was  sorry 
rum,  mixed  with  water  and  sugar,  which  bears 
the  heathenish  name  of  bumbo.  Of  this  we 
drank  about  a pint,  to  keep  down  the  nauseous 
eii:2:3  and  bacon.” 

The  night  tlicy  were  in  Baltimore,  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Bourdillon,^  whose  wife  w*as  a cousin  of 
Lady  Baltimore,  paid  them  a visit. 

On  Wednesday,  June  twentieth,  1744,  the 
party  reached  Xottingham,  and  here  were  joined 
by  the  other  Commissioners,  Edmund  Jennings, 
Thomas  Colvill,  and  Robert  King,  with  the  sec- 
ond Charles  Lord  Baltimore’s  natural  son,  Mr. 
Benedict  Calvert. 


^ Marshe  states  that  he  came  from  England  with  Bourdiilon, 
and  landed  in  Maryland  January  1,  1737.  His  wife  was  the 
niece  of  ISir  Theodore  Jansen.  He  became  the  Rector  of  St. 
Paul's  Parish,  Baltimore,  in  17o'J.  Previous  to  his  visit  to 
Pngland,  he  preached  in  Somerset,  and  his  first  arrival  in 
America  was  about  173o. 


18* 


g'-eos  .tiatjkftiyvaw 


*fiW,  19Kaifc.|«*;  iloos  “ 

'■  h * '''"^’ 1"- rV * , ^(.,  ■ — 


:'%.  mo&m  xft 


''  <‘*1  if'',  '"  ■ # ■■■'■'•-"  =V 

WMino 


iiooa|i0S%J  ifol-d’i5r ■'^v’  I.ftdtii«^'fc£fa  ^ 


^08  ai^<'‘'‘io0prPwO^j2^ 
f.;8t«0cf  xfoiifWj  1 


awd&  q&^d  t 

%r- 


"'ifl ' ®Tf#'  '‘■■ 


myr  /iM 

*^Boarot tiiJwdi^aijIoK’Bi^  * 


mfii^  tiw)<8.  mfimi  m 


^ ,^auxa«B  IkiOinBH  ■ odft  'iircf 

09$  Siif^  diiw  ipJoH 

Wil  BflO*! 


^■J'l^yliiD: 


uf4  {e»Xa>« 


'wlfli*,»iii!«'i«iil|  .,tii4'  ti;«* oif. 


:l^:. 


210 


TERRA  MARLE. 


The  next  day  the  Commissioners  and  their 
friends  arrived  at  Lancaster,  Pa.,  then  a town  on 
the  Indian  frontier,  and  stopped  at  Peter  Wor- 
rall’s  tavern.  Marshe,  in  his  journal,  says : 
“ Our  Commissioners  and  company  supped  at 
Worrall’s,  and  passed  away  an  hour  or  two  very 
agreeably ; after  which  I retired  to  bed,  but  had 
not  long  reposed  myself,  when  I was  most 
fiercely  attacked  by  the  neighboring  Dutch  fleas 
and  bugs  which  were  ready  to  devour  both  me 
and  the  minister.  However,  after  killins;  great 
quantities  of  my  nimble  enemies,  I got  about 
two  hours’  sleep.  Mr.  Calvert  was  more  inhu- 
manly used  by  them  than  myself,  as  was  likewise 
Mr.  Cradock.  On  the  next  night  Mr.  Calvert 
left  our  lodgings,  and  laid  in  the  court-house 
chamber,  among  the  young  gentlemen  from  Vir- 
ginia, who  there  had  beds  made  on  the  floor  for 
that  purpose.” 

In  honor  of  the  Commissioners,  James  Hamil- 
ton, Esq.,  the  proprietor  of  Lancaster,  gave  a 
ball,  and  opened  it  by  dancing  two  minuets  with 
two  of  the  ladies  here,  “\eho  danced  wilder  time 
than  any  of  the  Indians.”  Marshe  adds:  ^ The 
females — I dare  not  call  them  ladies,  for  that 
would  be  a profanation  of  the  name — were  in 
general  very  disagreeable.  The  dancers  con- 
sisted of  Germans  and  Scotch-Irisli ; but  there 
were  some  Jewesses,  who  had  not  long  since 
come  from  Xew  York,  that  made  a tolerable  ap~ 


® 0O  i*  its  I^&v'n’iB  rtbn^n^ 

-io'#-  TO}W  Je  h'jqqol*  foae  nflifoni  odi 

itysss  ,i  nmo^  Rid  ni  ,si(l8TwM  .insvftt  aTf/it 
Id  'fei'j'pR  rnisqiaoo  hue  fn-JitoisRifnaioO  tnO’* 
v%dr  owt  to  wnd  ;:«  7(:wb  J^aK  (R'IIs-itoW 

b«rf  Ifj'J  ,1)34  oi  [iy-tiioi  I doifbw  toJ'Ja  ; -■tldnao-isa 
teoflt  Rtt'?  I H-rd'"  iW'i'XF’'  ^flpl  lo“ 

*«9li  d9jo<X  «itnodd|si%ii  ad)  {.d  b&jfonliB  ybarsft 
ow  riJad  •uu.)/  d>  o>  rto’iww  d»id’»  si^od  bna 
jB'jia  yitiHid  teftn  ,i«)79wolI  .laJainhii  ailt  b«a 
"io*^  1 lo  fipi'liJnawp 

-wdiTf  oioifl  f frw  iw/liiO  .iM  .(jaals 'stood  o'wl 
asi'wodil  «iv/  m ,Voezm  aaih  inodt 
ItsviflO  ••)!/  id-^ht  P.aii  odj  :iO  .ioobatO  .tM 
CiftiKui-itoo!)  p:  fool  boo  i^oo  floi 

-tr/  moit  jiofii£.h/io^  '4in>o(  adi  ^no<0«  ,to<f«mds 


loT  tooB  t>if)  00  ofw’.trt  wlwd  bad  OTjd)  od// 


CENSUS  EETUENS. 


211 


pearance,  being  well  dressed  and  of  an  agreeable 
behavior.” 

After  the  treaty  of  1763  with  France,  the 
grades  of  society  became  more  numerous,  and 
more  distinct.  The  traveler  found  a few  rich 
slaveholders,  some,  enterprising  farmers  and 
merchants,  and  more  listless,  ignorant,  indolent 
whites.  ‘^It  is  in  this  country,”  says  the  Mar- 
quis Chastellux,  that  I saw  for  the  first  time, 
after  I passed  the  sea,  poor  persons;  for,  in  the 
midst  of  those  rich  plantations,  where  the  negro 
alone  is  wretclied,  miserable  huts  are  often  to  be 
met  with,  inhabited  by  wliites,  whose  wan  looks 
and  ragged  garments  bespeak  poverty.” 

There  were  in  1752^  about  three  negro  slaves 
for  every  white  person,  and  a writer  of  that  day 
says  that  the  best-formed  males  were  valued  as 
“stallions”  on  an  English  estate. 

Education  was  almost  entirely  neglected.  The 


* Census  of  1752. 

Free.  Ind.  Serv’ts.  Convicts.  Total. 

Men 24,508  3576  1507  29,141 

■ Women 23,521  1824  886  25,731 

Boys 26,637  1049  67  27,752 

Girls 24,141  422  21  24,584 


Total 98,357  6870  1981  107,208 

Whites 107,208 

Negroes 42.764 

Mulattoos .* - 3,592 


153,564 


i>l<Ins*>T^4:  nii’lo  :>a;j  n$;W;^nr^^ 

*\*f0.iv,iiif^>(J 

S'dt  '■^•:'rT;n'T  fiilw  S5TT  'la  vtsif/rl  oHj  tjHA. 

bfin  ^aaoi&msja  otosa  ^ajao^Kf  vtoiooa  lo 
doiT  7/ot  iV  btujol  'i^>fr/inJ  ©dT  Jomieif)  oioar 
ha/^  /-.'fahiorfoYcia 

©'loiii  lura.  ^ehiadaioia 
©iU  5'ma  ''\Y']l«iru',!  &;  Jt  «i  hi  ,.HO}iJw 

jfi'ui  lol-.. I ,./yUc'.;.'f;iO  «jjip 

ni  /h'iTt  ’io,«r|  jr}3  t/ili  _jb'MyJ:q  I tofl'iJ 

<)'f^9n  odi  ;i-‘Ofiv;’  .-  i'l .i jj;5:r;J«[  rfoh  ©«i0ili  "^o  ijndiffr 
od  ''>1  ii^fio  91U  rJiiji'f'jhiiti  Jy-'ihtf^v/r  »si  oaoh 

n/i//  '..  -adv/  .-■,  .-uiv/  Yd  fiajfJcifni  ,/ijhM©in 
. ■'.  >1 '••.><: 

«07;ilx  •■'':;,;vf?  O'YJiii  ^£cTl  iir©ii-j <7 -M^ilT,,  ..' 

V!.d;  li.d’^  '*  / i yihvr  a hdii  .©jidw  novo  *u>if 

i-n  d.,  Y %■  . //  >:9lii/n  ©ib  iiiffl  amii 

.osm^.o  i^^fhfdd  itf;  ao 


9fiT  .1 

L*  j joyI 3 Lio 

n<'i  'b:  mrf 

v> 

.U.;oT 

.hit) .-  a<K> 

Ji»'r%¥\  .Ual  -ikmI 

; { ! .t.'L; 

|6cr 

fl;.;:;; 

i V i ^ 

iK^ 



T»; 

■ -:. 

. tfXO^X 

-x'-fiO 

Ulyif 

V r;; ....?R9iMv/ 

afrr/gi^)! 


212 


TERRA  MARIAS. 


wealthy  were  enabled  to  send  their  children 
abroad,  but  on  their  return,  the  young  men, 
finding  themselves  surrounded  only  by  inferiors, 
too 'often  lost  all  interest  in  books,  and  became 
tyrannical  or  intemperate. 

Boucher,  in  an  address  on  “American  Educa- 
tion,’’ prepared  for  delivery  at  Port  Tobacco,  re- 
marks : “At  least  two-thirds  of  the  little  educa- 
tion we  receive  is  derived  from  instructors,  that 
are  either  indented  servants,  or  transported  fel- 
ons. iSTot  a ship  arrives,  either  with  redemp- 
tioners  or  convicts,  in  which  schoolmasters  are 
not  as  regularly  advertised  for  sale  as  weavers, 
tailors,  or  any  other  trade ; with  little  other  dif- 
ference, that  T can  hear  of,  excepting  perhaps 
that  the  former  do  not  usually  fetch  so  good  a 
price  as  the  latter.  I blushed  even  for  a heathen 
State,  when  I read  long  ago,  in  one  of  the  most 
interesting  moral  writers  of  Greece,  that  they 
also  were  chargeable  with  an  ecpially  shameful 
and  cruel  instance  of  negligence.  I do  not  mean 
to  offend  you,  when  I mention  the  sarcastic  re- 
mark of  Diogenes  to  the  people  of  Megara. 
Seeing  that  tliey  took  great  care  of  their  prop- 
erty, and  paid  very  little  attention  to  the  rising 
generation,  he  said  it  was  better  to  be  one  of 
their  swine,  than  one  of  their  children.” 

A Presbyterian  minister,  settled  at  Upper 
Marlboro,  advertised  in  1722  for  a runaway  ser- 
va]it,  who,  from  the  desi-ripiion,  must  have  been 


gj' 


,TyibIfrf'.>‘ttedi  fi*i‘W  ot  &akte.i»  fi»'» 

,mm  2^sf»yi  odi^  ,«'U!joi  tu4  ,^ 

«oha1or  X”^  X*“®  k»k« eovli-amsif*  ^iban  , 
gcisood  bfi'J  .ft'Jootf  lU  itwiiti  M«  *?.oI  mno  ooi 
.©tfrioitfuotwriO 

.«o0i}3  ffo  «*  '»  .loriwoH 

-n  ,da6»doT  in  vjisvifof)  tel  "%noi*  s 

..fifttifc'*  sDjH  eifMo  sbiiiftTO-wt  te***!  lA"  :ri'wi.n 
i«i!i  mvit  f)tv/bel.  w' 6*i«^  o-w  noil , 

-liil  iJ9j'io<j‘“iifltl  to  ,«li(8Ti9!?  I'oiitotni  toitlb  st« 
.q(!-!f>L9t  ilti'ff  toifiio  ,«erh«i  qWa  « ^oK  .»ao 

tnu  e-!9)fc«(nfoc((5a  rftitfv^  ni  ,fcloivno'J  to  at^noil 

,i«ovii9w  B8  olftb  tol  b'JgiiiavL'r.  "ifltoUigot  ?r  loit 
'{ib  toitto  olllil  iflrw  ; loiiio  X»n  to  <3to5tel 
=!qj;ilt'>'l  ^4n!ti]907;9  .lo  toofJ  ntio  I lRil.t„»ii‘>t9> 
n txxri!.  '^  ton  >'!>  t’>Jn-iot  sirfl  l«fll 

iwdteod  r.  t«l  119 '/a  b'xfeuid  I »'b** 

Jaom  oiil  to  >rio  iii  ,o^  inol  b««t  I iio.iy/  .OtKlrf 
fSiii  }i;.dl  ,;)')9'ji&  to  atolirw  ktont  jini)«cn»tiii 
intoinniis  vJJ.nipe  nis  'illiw  oWwstftrfo  otWorf# 
fiBom  low  oil  I " .'w«-r4ifig?rtlo  lamo  l>«« 

oitaKiina  9ili  iioilntm  I (isd'"  .nox  btivno  ot 
.niMoli'  '^u.  oifiooi}  odl  ot  nMoiiuia  to  >ly«cfi 
-tiotq  to  o'lji'j  JBCITS  >ioOJ  xo'It  Ifldl 

■«ni«h  oif!  o)  noitmxiH  sittil  ^'“'f 
•Jo  on&  Mkol 

".tmWfito  tbirfl  to  ono  n«iU  .omvta  .tioill 

« . r . #ir  A 


HOqq  J U\ 

-lori  niv.'ciun  It  'Kvi 


/I'D riiii 

I'lzTt  iti  aOTcdhisJA 


■irtytrovinJ  JvHhi  ,ii.>;i<iriM«9li  'iilj  nnm  .Otrv  ,lnn-/ 


RELIGION  AND  LITERA  TURE,  213 


of  the  class  of  pedagogues  to  which  Boucher 
alludes.  The  notice  in  the  newspaper  thus 
reads : Ran  away  from  the  Rev.  D.  Magill,  a 

servant,  clothed  with  damask  breeches  and  vest, 
black  broadcloth  coat,  broadcloth  cloak  of  cop- 
per color,  lined  and  trimmed  with  black,  and 
wearing  black  stockings.” 

Religion  received  as  little  attention  as  educa- 
tion. The  majority  of  the  freemen  felt  it  was  an 
imposition  that  they  should  be  taxed  to  support 
a minister  of  the  Church  of  England  in  whose 
services  they  felt  no  interest.  While  there  were 
bright  exceptions,  many  who  officiated  at  the  sa- 
cred desk,  disgraced  their  calling,  and  the  wags 
of  the  tavern  supplemented  the  Catechism,  by  a 
significant  question  and  answer: 

Ques.  Who  is  a monster  of  the  first  renown  ? 

Ans.  A lettered  sot — a drunkard  in  a gown. 

They  were  lineal  successors  of  the  fox-hunting 
parsons  of  Old  England,  and  in  a certain  way 
accomplished,  being  competent,  not  only  to  unite 
parsons  in  the  holy  bonds  of  matrimony,  but 
afterward  to  play  the  fiddle,  while  the  company 
danced.^  With  a class  of  teachers  and  priests, 
“parasites  and  bottle  companions  of  the  rich,”-’ 


* See  Rev.  Ethan  Allen’s  Sketches  in  Sprague’s  Episcopal 
Clergy;  also  Bishop  Meade’s  Old  Parish  Churches. 

’ Coke’s  Sermon  in  Baltimore,  1784,  published  in  London, 


10  fb  «ToS  liohi^r  r^i  «of.tgo*gf#l>0<f  1o  edi  \o 

ejjdt  i5|q«<j^%'W^>£i  >fit  «i  ooi^on  odT  .Bofmn « 
.tt  odJ  in  oil 

bxiij  «'^ifoooi<f  dim  beJtofo  »tii«vioa-' 

-f(Oo  3to  jliiofo  ifj-ofoLooicf  flftoo  ifjobbiioiff  :4'^f(| 
bfi^  ,>lo/ibi  rfJw  bsmmnt  fnia  boirfl  ,iok>0  loq 

'Ve||iif>Fooi«  :^oidcf  |5om^ 
•^ijonbo  8/5  nohiio^^j^  oltiM  se  bovloorf 'tiof:%flo?r 
m a^'//  ti  tiol  no«TOf>il  ‘#ilt  1.o  7lno(^ftm  orfT  ,.fior) 
jioqq0ri  o5  boxi^  bJjiofb  -{oift  imlt  ffoiSlaoqmi' 
&8min  ai  bm/k^nri  1o  doiUfiO  orfl  'io  iolaknoi  a 
OTOW  oioif)  olniT/  Jp/ri'Ktni  on  tb'i  y^oift  80orm« 
-nt  o/l!  Xfi  Lotj^ioifto  cjfivj  ^anoiJqooxo  iff^ncf 

8^/57/  oxfl  bi4i  tiaiiilte  lioiia  bold 

. hem  n/>ik/v0p 

'^nvroffoi  ofjt  *k>  loifejioia  n ei  oiV^f  ,8O0p 
,fi7fo^  Si  01  btftyinmb  toa  boiotkil  A .80 A 
^w/kqnl-xol  oifilo  fcioej^ooorjte  fftonfl  fnBtrfodT 
V4YO  si  ri  bnii  blO  lo  ^noeiBq 

yliaj^  (yS  \U\o  IO0  ,trr'»i  >q0KK:)  '^nhd  JioiblfqmoooB 
imi  .'f«(>0ihjiim  lo  ^hivid  yioff  or()  tsl  eno^miq 
viiiiqmoo  o¥l  ohilv/  Mhhli  oiil  viilq  ot  b'mvriofijfi 
rHjftohff  bnu  no/ioi50i  to  li  liiiV/  ^.bodfli^b 
’“*%iion  oilt  lo  af/oidijqmoo  ollio4  him  aoiiam/iq** 

«»  «'jiri^HJP.  rtAif/Ii  »»€!  ’ 

.^.flrilrxwdD  tdO  t'*hr,^U  qo<iei0  otl# 

,oofii»oJ  oi  lwil«jMw«|  i?i  niPmrftH- n'viioO '^  ' 


214 


TERRA  MARIAE. 


it  is  not  at  all  surprising  that  cock-fighting,  horse- 
racing, gambling  and  intemperance,  should  have 
been  common  among  parishioners. 

Literature  had  few  votaries.  Some  of  the  most 
active  minds,  were  among  the  indented  servants. 
The  ^sop  of  the  Province,  George  Alsop,  at 
the  age  of  twenty-eight,  wrote  a description  of 
Maryland,  which  was  published  with  a portrait 
and  some  verses  at  London  in  1666,  and  he  de- 
clared that  he  was  happier  as  an  indented  ser- 
vant in  Maryland,  than  as  an  apprentice  in  that 
city. 

Occasionally  there  may  be  found  in  the  English 
scientific  and  literary  journals,  a contribution 
from  some  of  the  educated  citizens  of  the  col- 
ony. Mr.  Richard  Lewis  published  a poem  in 
the  Gentleman’s  Magazine,  called  ‘‘A  Journey 
from  Patapsco  to  Annapolis,  April  4,  1730,” 
filled  with  beautiful  pictures  of  the  opening 
spring.  His  descriptions  of  the  mocking-bird, 
humming-bird,  and  an  April  thunder-shower, 
are  ecpial  to  any  in  the  American  pastorals  of  the 
present  century.^ 

AVhile  there  was  a lack  of  the  education  of  the 
schools,  there  was,  however,  that  strong  feeling 
of  independence  always  engendered  in  commu- 
nities, which,  by  their  own  exertions,  have  sub- 
dued the  wilderness  and  surrounded  themselves 
with  the  necessaries  of  life. 


* The  poem  in  full  is  published  in  the  Appendix, 


}ftti.*'j;i^«n-,rio8  Ilfi  iaSoit  fi  U 
.,vad  bluode.  bna  smWft'ftS  tSa*-’*’ 

rioiUfnoy  nosd 

ifeoin  «-if)  ’to  SinoB  jiisJov  J- 

uma^ios  boiai'bm  -nh  ■nnomn  ai^v.- sviJoa 
;«  .,..o.:a  0.i:»  -to  odi 

Yo  ...o,ijqir>s«b  t in 

ii8-;;  vv.  a ritw  h^d^adng  s"  '-'  .fciol-rial^ 

-^!.  .1.{ ‘r>im /R»8I  ai  notoiio.;  898i»»  araon  b.m 
:.G  -IS  •wicjqsil  Si. ■■<.'•- d isdt  iwis!:.» 
n;  , - . ih,'OKiq<i  ;tr.  ?•->;  .biiftlxiaU  ai  J'lR’' 

IfJ, 

,' . ...f.M  ..(!j  (li  Jau.cft  qd  vruri  rn  idivJIufOT.saaoO 

. :;sra-inoi  7-i.r.hl  ba«  ^ftiln-d^a 

.i,  .■,  :■.»!!  'lo  aaioa  mo-ik 

uv",  !V  biiiiailciiui  dv.-.a  b^Tidar}!  .iM  .Xiw, 

f"'  «’c«‘iiyltaO’d 

.)■  HlqA  ,.i;.  .a:.i,!A  oJ  .. >b.) ilia'll  ino-i| 
Xniaxjo  sitJ  lo  -.'.  tiiRdq  ii/tilns  >«  dliw  bollil 
'’df  '!«  sill  ,.TiUi'i>|s 

;.  rv, ...iaUMfj  Ihq/..  brta, 

,''!o  siaisjJ&f;  j *'d1  u-  o)  li.iJpa  ■>•!« 

■:t  ir,  noi.)«yj.I.v  yds  lo  s wv//  rixfi  oiidVf 
vidMt  jjaRir.  }.ul»  ,wd7..,!  9xud!  oo,b« 

. S1//U  7fr 

>;07bJ-ati>il}  t>«u;  t>dJ 

*1<->  r;*ii  i 


iv>.  i/v  '’/i?  ill  M I!w1  Mi  wiiT  * 


GPPRESSIOX  OF  ROMAN  CATHOLICS.  215 


In  the  eigliteentli  century,  a large  proportion 
of  the  freemen  "vvere  natives  of  the  province, 
and,  as  they  had  never  witnessed  the  pomp  of 
royalty,  were  not  as  much  in  awe  of  a King  as 
their  ancestors.  Frequently  the  lower  house  of 
the  Assembly  intimated  that  the  will  of  the  peo- 
ple should  be  respected,  and  in  1722  they  unani- 
mously resolved  ‘‘that  whoever  shall  advance 
that  his  3dajesty’s  subjects,  by  their  endeavors 
and  success,  have  forfeited  any  part  of  their 
English  liberties,  are  ill-wushers  to  the  country, 
and  mistake  its  happy  constitution.” 

From  the  time  that  every  male,  wdiite  and 
black,  also  black  women  above  the  age  of  six- 
teen and  under  sixty,  were  each  obliged  to  give 
yearly  forty  pounds  of  tobacco  to  support  minis- 
ters of  the  Church  of  England,  there  had  been  a 
growing  coldness  upon  the  part  of  many  toward 
the  British  Government.  The  Eoman  Catholics 
particularly  w'ere  dissatisfied.  Kot  only  were 
they  forced  to  pay  a church  tax  and  twice  as 
much  land  tax  as  Protestants,  but  were  debarred 
the  privilege  of  voting  and  of  holding  offices  of 
trust  and  profit.  The  injustice  toward  tliem  was 
so  great,  that  at  one  time  the  father  of  Charles 
Carroll,  of  Carrollton,  commenced  negotiations 
with  the  King  of  France  for  a tract  of  land  on 
the  Arkansas  Eivcr,  where  he  might  retire  with 
his  fellow-i-eligionists.  Immediately  after  the 


aoiH645>'J<t  f edf  0I 

. ;e*)-!ii:voi.q  . ‘iO’ . feswltiin.  ^ Hfyns-^fnX  &df  'io 
Jo  qmoq  aVf^  *iovSa  hr,((  ,hm 

Bfr^ftfH  #4  "to  av/ii  ill  ihrnu  «js  loa  a*faw 
lo  G>i4ori  tawol  'j(f)  .f^^oimonn  iihip 

-oaq  srillo  Ilrw  ati:t  hf:*)nml\m  \ldmomK  arft 
•iJiiiOif  l"Sn  4ii  ad  fcfrjoda  edq 

liiida  lavaod?^  Ijavfoaat  '^ffj/orrr 

isiov»afeuo  liarft  \d  ?^’Tt8c|/5l^  jiidi 

iiatit  I0  ^inq  hofidhid  oyad  ^mooouH  brt« 
f^iiiwoo  QdS  at  irradaiw4ji  mn  e^-dt*iedil 

'\iK)ri0tiiaiToa  7qq/uf  a^ftleint  bnft 
brtif  Biuhr  ,aUiiJii  tfiih  axnil  adt  xrtoiU 

-xia  lo  adi  ayod«  iiainow  ioidd  oaI«  ^aioiiid 
wr|j  al  ba^H<lo  fjfoaa  aiOYf  ^ytxia  tabmf  foriii  daai 
. iBaTfm  o'j!)i3c/ot  % ebdcjoq  ’^{1'fot 

bi4{f  a-iaxlt  'to  daifTi!')  aift'to  4iiat 

h'lKvm)  /jiRid  Jo  tiBq  BiU  nofjrr  mBcddoo 
HoilodtiiO  niifuoJi  ailT  .twaxMmoYoD  ifahn^i'  adJ 
O'lav/  "{ino  ioVx  ovm  fh/dooitiisq 

m aaiv/j  i)d4i  XB,|  tbitnfo  a 7dq  of  bao'iol  torfl 
hoiiiidob  B‘vrn  t»d  »Filn/iiHa)cn4  8^3  xnl  bn/if  jfodca  • 
to  aooxfto  “jiftiblod  lo  i>arv  ^^tifiov  Jo  a;:i/>livhq  odt 
V'lftY/  modi  i>my/ot  aiiT  bdi  t^rnt 

Hyhr.dO  'lo  adt  &mh  ano  m txafl  08 

adoi t'iifto:|‘.. a,..baoH0i.n0ioo  lo  floiixiO  ■ 

no  i>a*d  'io  tamj  ii  idi  oomfi'i  ')o  odt  ihvu 

dlior  fyuhn  id|^?rn  oxi  moibn  /roviil  8tiirxu?dlA  o^df 
Oili  -lalltt  .^^tatiiol^sifoa-Yrolfol  dd 


216 


TERRA  MARINE, 


defeat  of  General  Braddock,  it  was  announced 
that  several  Roman  Catholics  had  rejoiced  that  a 
priest  had  been  seen  on  the  frontier,  in  the  dress 
of  a French  officer,  and  that  they  were  in  league 
with  the  negroes.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Chase, ^ Rector 
of  St.  Paul’s  Parish,  in  Baltimore  County,  de- 
clared that  the  situation  of  the  Protestants  of  the 
province,  was  little  different  from  those  in  Ire- 
land on  the  eve  of  the  massacre. 

When,  then,  after  the  peace  of  1763,  the  Stamp 
Act  was  passed,  all  of  those  in  the  colony  op- 
posed to  arbitrary  impositions  of  any  description 
coalesced,  and  heartily  united  in  support  of  the 
doctrine  that  there  should  be  no  taxation  without 
representation. 

The  conservative  Daniel  Dulany,  the  leading 
lawyer,  while  not  prepared  to  resort  to  arms, 
wrote  one  of  the  ablest  pamphlets  of  the  period 
on  the  impolicy  of  taxation,  which  was  repub- 
lished in  England,  and  earned  for  him  the  repu- 
tation of  being  the  Pitt  of  Maryland.^  Those 
that  were  not  held  by  official  relations  to  the 
Proprietary,'^  the  Crown,  or  the  Church  of  £ng- 


^ Formerly  of  Somerset  County,  and  father  of  the  distin- 
guished member  of  the  Continental  Congress,  and  colleague  of 
Carroll. 

- McMahon. 

^ The  patronage  of  tlie  Proprietary  was  very  great.  He  had 
the  appointment  of — 


’b«onOo.JKi^-«r/r  J;  .;l-whfo.«a'  h-vr.,oU  'Jo  in4hh 

e t..ifj  b99i<jjj^’f  (CT»vaa.»edJ; 

8»-ifa  'Jill  ni'  ,'!'ii1fl"i^  ftf-  00  n9s«  i:W  l(!.i!  l«oh(j; 

ni  fuift  ,vj');rio  ilons-iH  « _lo 

■I...1JJ/1  ‘,9««iO  .iK  .voH  »ilT  .8oo'!\;i»i>  9«w  diiw 

.^iV  ,7l0ifo’J  sio-nhlKfJ:'  Hi  ,dA'-'i-.T  ■»» 

Ji*}  1o  noaftolwoih  l«rf»  lw«w 
-S'll  rii  9feoril  KJOJI  J0T#id.  9iinl  mvi  ,i.onivoi.i 
.yioiw-?jan  ; ill  lo 'j7&  jilt  (to  hiias 
qnuJtl  9iJl  ,S!Kni>  M.-r'-xi  eiiJ  I9llc,.i'^ih  v , 

qo  liwloo  £>liJ  ni  ^ ©5f«fi|l6’.  U«  >J»V.K< j MTM  loA 
iiohq'i'i'iSi'jb  /Ufl'-lo  3tK'ilH*.'^r'w  •(■'iinJiiiii:  ol  bmoq 
Oil!  'to  i-ni<(iii)8  /It  Is'ili/ni  ,ho-jH'jUio;> 

■'  300/lliv/  o/l  oJ..b!0OiU  ■)’I0;it  lR/i-I  «<H'I:J>OO 

oiU  9:o;<vt:t'Jiui05  . 

,311M/!  <>1  110/»1  'i  low 

fuli-ij-l  Sfii  '.0  q !'■  ’ii^a  siU  'lo  fofo  »3f'-  ■'' 

S«7/  ..!-.//a  tO  ■/■..iluqi'.U  Jill  «0 

-mi-nodj  .Iiiti  •lol  h >mi»  bo«  .h 

•v^oifL'  *.J..ialrf.;l/-  'to  uJ‘l  'nh  v,  a ml  \o  aoiicl 

Sllj'oi  -t  i/'./'>lllo  V/1  i'  ja  .'/Jtt 

-‘“ii'-’i  'to  '''Ail.!'.''  oilJ  iu  ji'ffvi'J  o.'  ■ ;/;n;j->>hqo'i  I 


.at  !v  ’r..u^  &ii|,  ’• 

aOiijjKaW  - 

,n  V,'..  - *4.  37^''no-.io,  oOT* 

. - If, 


MARYLAND  DELEGATES  DECIDED.  217 


land,  generally  adopted  the  view  that  it  was  the 
right  of  the  colonists  to  be  exempted  from  par- 
liamentary taxation,  and  to  regulate  their  inter- 
nal government  and  polity.  The  delegates  sent 
to  the  ContinentiJ  Congress  in  every  respect 
were  representative  men.  The  judicious  Stone, 
the  descendant  of  the  early  colonial  Governor, 
the  clear  and  logical  Paca,  the  polished  Carroll, 
the  fiery  Chase,  were  such  as  could  not  but  exert 
a powerful  influence  in  the  deliberations  of  the 
body  of  which  th^y  were  members.  They  were 
firm  from  the  beginning,  and  repudiated  half- 
way measures,  convinced  that  there  never  would 
be  a settlement  of  the  point  in  dispute,  except 
through  the  sheddiug  of  blood. 

“We  have  completely  written  down  our  oppo- 
nents,” said  one  to  Carroll,  during  the  discus- 
sions previous  to  the  assembling  of  the  first  Con- 
gress. “Do  you  think  that  writing  will  settle 


Governor Salary  =£1550 

Commissary-General “ 900 

Secretary 800 

Six  Naval  Officers Each  “ 160  . 

Slieriffally “ *•  200 

In  1744  there  was  also  in  the  Proprietor’s  gift — ’ 

Thirty-seven  parishes Each  120 


If  the  clergy  were  once  inducted  no  one  could  turn  them  out,  ^ 
no  matter  how  scandalous  their  conduct,  for  there  was  no  ' 
spiritual  court,  nor  could  any  Bishop  control,  as  the  Proprietor 
was  hes'l  of  t!ie  Church. 


19 


■ T.ce  #avUO'SVOL. 

9/iJ  fejqol^ft 

-ijGrj  molt  Nitjafax^  act  ol  i^Jfcoioioo  axfl  'to 

v'^slt  os  f>rjii  .awutu^  7-Wmmmi 

;tcfd5i  feoijrgakjb  ofiT  ,7li(oq  bun  Ijkq 

joaqBOt  '{lovo  fjl  gBatgnoO  ti^in^nrtooD  arft  ol 
afjobU*m[  odT  .aom  aviiiituofemqat 
,‘ioniavoO  Uifitofoa  tIwj  odj  lo  jimimaoaab  adt 
elloTii^O  bcidaHoq  ai|t  lijoigol  bun  laofo  exit 

.lioxa  MJ  toa  fdwoo  dvu?3  j^-iaw  .aeadO  *noit  &ds 
^>di  lo  aaotm^dihb  odt  at  *^aaaultar  lo’ha^/oq  « 
vifdT  910'//  vtjdi  xfjniv/  to  \bod 

Aimf  bojftiibucp’i  i>fo;  ,gotiioig»d  7ifj  aiofi  xniti 
bUfo’/r  7.o7on  o-iadJ  4iid^  i^oonr^noa  ,B9wm&m  ^«8W,, 
^sioqaih  at  nfioq  ai>i  to  .Kiamolitaa  n ad 
J to  gM/bBoda  axil  dguoidt 
^oqqo  ’iiMX  nv/ob  xioJthw  vfo^oiqoxoo  ev»d 
-Buoalb  odi  gxiriob  61  axlo  Bxjia  \alnaa 

-iioO  laid  odrio  gfuldmoaafl  axil  td  ax/or/oiq  anoxs 
oitJoe  Uir/  gixiliiv/  liull  vbiiilt  oCT**  .aaoig 

• ••  .....u...  ....  ......  IdvmiroO 

00®  *'  .. 

CK)3  »*  

OdX  *•  id{)«:x.,...  ...  .o..,  ,.,„  •wifK)  I*r«>5  *125 

oy^  -v..'. 

ik‘-ttjl'ihq>n‘l  */.0  «il  fv^ia  Wv  w tfn&tU  }«i*Tf  nt 

■ (»5r ?•■' ; •; . .'.'/..V; . „:. .'..’^ ,.r. .V. .!. . u'nWrtr.q 

u>.»ii.j  anoJ  *»iiuk  00  lii>j»»l'a«  t^i»oo  w xg-sofi!)  aiini 

00  <w/tl  tol  ,Joui»0O'>  tijuli  f.*;o*(cbd45*«  wod  io|tia«s  ^Ott 

»rii  tA  .h»’i«ai'*>  qi'.rffv*?'}  r,*ji<  Mt>oo  loij  ,)t«oo 

.■Ii*'.1t>v<'>  S.ff)  Jo  JjiJW 


218 


TEERA  MAR  EE. 


the  question?”  asked  Carroll.  ‘‘To  be  sure, 
what  else  caj\  we  resort  to  ?”  was  the  response. 
“ The  bayonet,”  was  the  quick  and  decided 
ansvrer.  Chase  having  heard  that  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Zubly,  of  Georgia,  a delegate,  was  wavering,  rose 
one  morning  iir  Congress  and  in  a speech  of  start- 
ling eloquence  denounced  him  as  a traitor,  and 
the  result  was,  that  the  suspected  man  never 
again  took  his  seat. 

The  troops  raised,  caught  the  spirit  of  the  elo- 
quent advocates  of  liberty,  and  Smallwood’s  Bri- 
gade, in  the  early  days  of  the  conflict,  earned 
a reputation  for  ^laryland  soldiery,  which  has 
always  been  sustained. 

With  the  reconstruction  of  the  State  new  reli- 
gious and  political  forces  were  developed.  On 
one  of  the  little  creeks  that  form  the  head-waters 
of  the  Monccacy,  not  far  from  the  place  where 
Bacon,  the  Rector  of  All  Saints’  Parish,  Fred- 
erick, had  laboriously  completed  a folio  of  more 
than  one  thousand  pages  of  the  Laws  of  Mary- 
land, there  lived  a rough  and  honest  backwoods- 
man, a recent  emigrant  from  Ireland,  named 
Robert  Strawbridge.  Filled  with  love  for  Christ, 
he  began  to  preach  in  his  primitive  log-hut  to 
the  frontiersmen  of  the  neighborhood,  who 
knowing  the  purity  of  his  life,  and  sincerity  of 
purpose,  heard  him  gladly.  Ills  circle  of  influ- 
ence increasing,  he  at  last  entireh*  devoted  him- 
self to  the  woi'k  of  the  ministry,  manifesting  the 


VO  g. 


W''\-  - ■■ 

,91U8  9d  ot'V  .lioTtsU  t)»Jleu,  *•?  ;:Of.t8PlJp  ^ilr 

■!di«ioq#»t%d:  *.m  "tol  twv^a  »-<?.;-«>  Mle.todw 
'B'lra;  Jiaiwp.  ^h-n  ",-i.^ro  isnl  cfil  ” 
.1(1  .vsaatlJ  l»-iR9ii  PxK.'tO  _ .iwams 

‘-.“,on  ,ufihavii‘H  ,p)ft^a'iab  « ,-fiisiioaO "lo 

(■■’isaqe  'B  iii  b^tn  ‘^lin'ioiti  »no 

•i  ;v9(i,  iisw  bsJoaqs.'.'s  all  wirfJ  ,ww  iIoBai_9.lt 

..1..9H  Bti[  iioot  niti^a 

-ols  ‘)ifjlb  jniq«’9.1i  xl-gi'co  Jt-.BUiTB.q'Hni  .%iT 
-i-til  «:'i»now!ii3iiiS  ban  ,vJ«dil  lo  n^lmc-rhn  iitoap 
La/ru!')  ,1-jifb-iO')  at! I 'io  tr/nh  -{Hm  salt  ai  .obttS 
wul  riailv/  ,Y.iarf»k*  !»*■.; ir/l  j«i;!i;Joqai  « 
■;.  11^ 

-:'■>•!  -wall  9.1K!?.  lift  '91  f lit  da  // 


aO  .baflalavob  aiaa/, i fsaijilo-.;  snoig 
F:’i9-tf;w-i.ayil  -aft  on.-i  lioi)  - Jayr'  ylfb  odi 'to  atto 
„ yoKl-.-r  90i(lq  oil)  oioil  l/il  Ion  .v'a'.'iOOf.l/.  yd.)  'to 
i aliiudl  ‘atiiicM  I!/* 'l->  ■loto-rU  vii) 

tnmn  'iooilo't  « b-jivlaoi'''')  vf-i.airiodid  bwl  ,iloh9 
.-.(•uiM  ailJ  ia  x'lgfiff  IhkmihxU  'Wio  laa!) 

'boo'/ol'icd  )ay:0'>i  I'Iib  dgU'W  o bavd  ai  'd)  ,bti(;! 


• aiiai  ,bta;ivil  nio-rcimo  )ii-..y9i  « ,««<« 

9vol  ri)i-a  .ogbri J JioaoJI 

.ij  Jff.r-uol  oviJauhq  eiii  is*  J’jirii'f 
)d-u  .bou4jp4ifc,b.o.  i.-a,uB.'iyi)iKat  9dt 

:y  v)iiy..!iiB'l>()«  .'>iM  Bid  i > V)iiiia  'aO  gaiwoirl 

iliui  'to  otyiia  fcUl  .Y.il»iVg  nad  l>i.;od  ,»«>owq 

■ ' ' ■■  )6iiil  )fi  !id  (g.oiBfyjibfft  9009 


i!H«{ 


J.  i I y >\v  '■  V-  f ■ ■ - ? ),  / ^ _ 

■ h //;c-!  fnit  Oiit  ’it) 


RISE  OF  METHODISM. 


219 


noblest  self-deuial,  and  was  the  instrument  of 
the  conversion  of  the  first  native  Methodist 
preacher  in  America,  and  also  the  founder  of 
Methodism  in  Baltimore. 

This  form  of  religion  seemed  to  be  particularly 
adapted  for  the  scattered  settlements  and  worn- 
out  parishes  of  Maryland.^  The  movement  of 
the  itinerants  created  as  great  an  excitement  as 
the  preachers  of  the  Society  of  Friends  in  the 
previous  century,  and  the  results  of  their  efforts 
were  more  abidiug.  The  work  commenced  by 
the  pioneer  of  Sam’s.  Creek  was  carried  on  by 
Asbury,  Avho  said:  "‘The  Lord  is  my  witness, 
that  if  my  whole  body,  yea,  every  hair  of  my 
head,  will  labor  and  suffer,  they  should  be  freely 
given  up  for  God  and  souls.” 

A new  impulse  was  given  to  Methodism  in 
1784  by  a distinguished  arrival  from  England. 
In  the  words  of  the  London  Qiiarterhi  Bexiew, 
Asbury,  “ weary  and  worn  by  travel  and  preacli- 


1 After  the  dissolution  of  church  and  state  in  Maryland,  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  and  Methodist  Episcopal  Churches,  both 
outgrowths  of  the  Church  of  England,  commenced  their  career. 
The  former  succeeded  to  the  forty  or  fifty  parishes  of  the  Colo- 
nial Church,  and  the  prestige  of  a century  ; the  latter  was  witii- 
out  influence,  and  witli  many  uneducated  ministers.  The  census 
of  1860  states  that  there  was  then  in  Maryland: 


Protestant  Episcopal  Churches  Iu8 

Methodist  Episcopal  t'hurchcs 611 


"Ut^wts-ihai:  fjST  'i^JS'^  hm  Jr*;.T*»l»-ll^a  tolcfon 
$&fbo((i»M  evttisfi- Jriiii  uairr‘>'7noo.  eifi 

"to  le&miot  &d4  ot^lfi  htus  jr^h-itrL  (tf 

Yhfj](.ii>rH/iq  of  hsmses  rr-'-’r^iTyi  'io  nnol  ^vV'L 

-n’f.v*vy  bn>«  b^'TOv'.'  ;-^-:^  nis  ‘lolt  f>oit|£bK 

lo/aar^aiYYOio ‘edT  /!o  iryo 

m ;/7v-?|xi’9dir>XY,  ua  .»«  hv'tfeTio  eifmieaiJj 

9dr;hr^f^bool'!l  '(i9ho^  otft  :o  rtoih&oiq  &df 
'indfto  iknlt  ’io  r-.i.-ifim  -^lO  bns  /ruiia^o  anorrsiq 

rd  Booiionfiftrjo  d'jovr  odT  .■ndjbjdB  svyar  ■9'JB7/ 
yd.,  iuj-  biyinno  .%*tnfsE  *io  't*>«>frorq  .3ifi 

Bi  hioJ  odT.*;*  :br£i^;  odw  ,,rt^ 
Yrfr':1;o  - ?>l <\tlv7 ■ V «’i-.  HdS  ■ 

vhcril  f<i  i)irjou^  vodi'  lHi£;70>iiis:|Jl!77 

‘sol  qf^ 

fii  ot  iiovi^*  rfiv/  o>hfooti  V70*n  A 

.!>,r.';i:2i![d  ifio'il  hr/trtii  bodr.hrgith^ih  n 7if  l“8VI  • 

/•^v  v\  \VA  uo\>SKvv\  Yih  ’io  «b7ov/  f>dl  iil 

•ibiii’j-tq  htf.K  i‘..  ,’jn.t  vd  mov;  fwt«  v;f Jiov/ ■*'  ^YtydeA 

fih  ,f>itii‘ v'udC./’ii  LfJ#.  rirfSftlD  uorii/lo-aib  it^-ntA  ‘ 

'([{)erf  fjtq  v.-i  r'T  );•  ;'it)Oi»l;»M  i'fUi  Ifi  /f-fi  icrft.J s^noi*! 

.j  TioiiJ  I>a<>ii  /nun  >r>  ,i.  auIv;nM  ho  » fuJi  edlwoi^Juo 

HiIo'J  ttiO  '!*'  v.ttii'ruiq  *Tio  •)<{)  o)  ti?l^-»!j'>oi.'*  s)4T 

-*itiv.  ‘f.’v  '‘til  ; -pu.!uity  A 'Ho  ,44*  fiifn 

mttiiQj'  ')AT  ^M#45»)t4rj«.rrt«a  Jjju  Jtto  . 

. r.fi#t^/  if  »/t  ni  rt'A.li /<; /»  >'i*j(fi  UfHi  'Vjtft)* Vj> 

'8<'I  f.jtl-jTnu' i 

fl<y  l. . 


220 


TERRA  MAREE. 


ing,  arrived  on  Sunday,  during  public  worship, 
at  his  friend  Barratf  s chapel.  What  is  it  that 
so  strangely  affects  this  self-contained  and  melan- 
choly man,  tilling  his  eye  with  a strange  light, 
causing  the  blood  to  crimson  his  pale  and  sombre 
face?  There  stands  in  the  pulpit  ‘a  man  of 
small  stature,  ruddy  complexion,  brilliant  eyes, 
long  hair,  feminine  but  musical  voice,  and  gowned 
as  an  English  clergyman.’  With  a beating  heart, 
Asbury  runs  up  the  pulpit  stairs,  embraces  him 
and  kisses  him  before  the  whole  congregation ; 
for  he  is  no  other  than -Thomas  Coke,  LL.D., 
the  man  perhaps  of  smallest  stature  and  largest 
heart  that  ^lethodism  ever  knew.  He  came 
direct  from  Wesley  to  cheer  the  heart  of  the 
lonely  laborer,  and  to  effect  the  most  momen- 
tous revolution  in  Americam  Methodism.  He 
had  been  ordained  ‘Bishop  ’ by  Wesley  just  be- 
fore his  departure,  and  was  in  fact,  despite  all 
that  high  churchmen  may  object,  the  first  Prot- 
estant bisliop  of  the  western  hemisphere.” 

Many  laymen,  tired  of  the  husks  of  religion, 
upheld  those  who  seemed  to  diffuse  its  essence, 
and  Kichard  Bassett,  a descendant  of  the  Plugue- 
nots,  whose  country  seat  was  on  Bohemia  Manor,' 
a member  of  the  convention  that  framed  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States,  Senator  in 
Congress,  and  father-in-law  of  Bayard,  one  of 
the  pc'ace  commissioners  at  Ghent,  became. a 


>• 

■>  ,3Aa  tas,- 


'^o  i-r/rriJi 

tiirfl  tl  Bt  S«rf‘V/.  nsd  :ja' 

-rrcioi-rr  f -i.??  1=  ynkifsoo^log  aW!  Rtodftir  vfo^n/i'ua  o« 
o';ii r/ j-riJ --i  n 'L'f'iilfit  'fjoifo 

<#'kI /rroe  J>ffO  J^irf  ffo»m.w .bo«>^'roi'  J 
'tO'  iinar  R'  jiqlnq:  T looa! 

/rt>7S  •tncllIrKf  .itoixofcjiUO-)  .vhbwi  ^O'lrrttii.^  IrMm 

bSflTTOJ^  bii«  ^‘^0107  l/i7H'Tr:,)-t  jlOJl'rr.Ai  /’.I  :isr^il0i 

^a\Uio6  n dipff  mtu 


;:aij  Irqffiq  p(U!i ’nJUfsA 

* > OlOjl'7  Ail)  0’t0tf.»<i  fftid  DflS 

;|po;21B|  bnjti  '5'tJila'jft  to  0!;ill  9tiJ 

oaifTtJ  dH  .vfofnf  i5»Y7 . . 7>5ii1 

9di  lo  O) 

-ivymo  HI  iftoat  ofil  v1r>‘>1h)  05'  vj^niof 


sT:!  iTir>r?9ntA  iioijoiovf)'! 

uviiol¥>Vr  x<'  ‘ qori^iH:^  bMfHidrro  tiood  bed 
II B odqnob - .told  iri  I.»m;  .oturo^q-yb  siil  sidt 
Oo'Ol  >.'\li  o.h  *t09fJo  v:i«  if7r/tifo‘Trd‘>  ib<d  indt 
‘oo-i^>oq^jnr.ii  ai^Jss’YOoB  *Vo  4.:.'ii-;o 
^norgiln  ,^u  fv-ofif,  i>i(t  to  )»yTil  ^O'^iisr.'ul  7j{«l^ 
.•jonA;r;>>  7i\  o^'.ioiio  oi  b^ino;)^}  odv/  Ofcodi 
..ImviiH  i/u'Jolil  bna 

/io:!oI4iib''iJO:{oH;  iio  v;ih.t(?oo  ^>dort 

aiit  f)0■•'lo^,Wl^m,^f(t  B 


nl  10,0:710^0  hotr'tl.J  ■^s'^ 


'10  tiortiJ4^It^5iJoO 


'lo  mo.  Mt  rJi  V...  rtmUn-v-Hluli  hnn 

ft  ,to':''*  ^ • ‘.i:  ■ ii'io.uoi^rtiin7K^)  ‘)o,R‘>f(  .oHt 


COKE  VISITS  WASHINGTON. 


221 


preaclier  of  the  Society,  and  like  the  Eoman  cen- 
turion, built  a synagogue  at  his  own  expense. 

Ashury  and  Coke,  wherever  they  went,  com- 
manded respect,  for  they  were  not  ‘‘mean  men” 
in  any  sense.  Though  they  exposed  themselves 
to  many  hardships,  and  in  the  saddle  rode  over 
mountains  and  through  forests,  and  preached  in 
barns  and  the  open  air,  to  the  bond  as  well  as 
the  free,  yet  they  were  not  ignorant  of  the  amen- 
ities of  life. 

Coke  has  left  an  interesting  description  of  a 
visit  to  Washington,  at  Mount  Vernon.  “He 
received  us  very  politely,  and  was  very  open  to 
access.  He  is  quite  the  plain  country  gentle- 
man. After  dinner  we  desired  a private  inter- 
view, and  opened  to  him  the  grand  business  on 
which  Ave  came,  presenting  to  him  our  petition 
for  the  emancipation  of  the  negroes,  and  entreat- 
ing his  signature,  if  the  eminence  of  his  station 
did  not  render  it  inexpedient  for  him  to  sign  any 
petition.  He  informed  us  that  he  was  of  our 
sentiments,  and  had  signitied  his  thoughts  on 
. the  subject  to  most  of  tlie  great  men  of  tlie  State; 
that  he  did  not  see  it  proper  to  sign  the  petition, 
but  if  the  Assembly  took  it  into  consideration, 
would  signify  his  sentiments  to  the  Assembly  oy 
a letter.  He  asked  us  to  spend  the  evening  and 
lodge  at  his  house,  but  our  engagement  at  An- 
napolis, the  following  day,  would  not  admit.” 

19* 


M&qam  fcsfcnam ' ’■  *' 


"M.; 


I' p$q^  &4t  hm^msMd 
% -mim  adiM  J’rt^oiiW  ioii  9-isv/  vsrfj  iai.att’i  atit 

Adi  j8Jld  $jioO^‘  ^ *^1 

y 

m,  ot  bW  fi«a*,yfojiio^  X79y;;.?0:  b»TSo«'"yf 

^|r  ,9rft  ^aiS*i,  ag^^,w»4^  ■$ 

®’'f  ■?lf»»‘Wfc  ’9ftA'--''’*41IMm 

y/ftlitltoq  wb  rahlrqj'^gailiraBdi^'jsmsbA 
1^  ,^'j^aa  o^t  |q  fioit^»b«ani#i9<{j  “ 

•*<^1  mlf>aqxmlii 

■h  ■‘“^'^  9rf#i«dr  Bwlaa*^  .Hbii^»* 

^ wo'iSli^gaodJ  «iif„b^ft»u^  6a<t  fca«  ftaJ^aambabs  M 

’{«  ^WmoasA  olv^,itgairl|^ 

I'  ™ 

^Hoirifa 


W?>A4 


222 


TERRA  MAREE. 


isot  unmindful  of  the  cause  of  learning,  Coke 
and  Asburj  p-aiined  a college,  and  the  latter  laid 
its  corner-stone  in  June,  1785,  at  Abingdon, 
twenty-live  miles  from  Baltimore.  It  was  called 
Cokesbiiry,  a compound  formed  from  the  names 
of  its  projectors.  The  college  edifice  when  com- 
pleted was  large  and  sightly,  its  curriculum  ex- 
tensive, including  mathematics,  Greek,  Latin, 
and  Hebrew,  and  at  one  period  seventy  students 
were  enrolled.  After  an  expenditure  of  more 
than  forty  thousand  dollars,  the  library  and  build- 
ing were  entirely  destroyed  by  hro,  having  had 
a brief  existence  of  ten  years. 

The  revolution  in  politics  was  as  strange  and 
sudden  as  that  in  religion.  Successors  were 
found  to  carry  on  the  bold  measures  inaugurated 
during  the  war  for  Independence.  Chase,  at- 
tending the  deliberations  of  a youth’s  debating 
society  in  Baltimore,  was  much  impressed  by 
the  remarks  of  a “poor  and  friendless”^  lad, 
who  was  a clerk  in  an  apothecary  store,  and  a 
student  of  medicine.  He  made  his  acquaint- 
ance, commended  and  encouraged  him  to  study 
law  in  his  ofhce. 

At  the  age  of  twenty-four,  the  now  young  law- 
yer, who  had  settled  in  Harford  County,  became 
a member  of  the  Legislature,  and  in  during 


* Pinkney’s  description  of  m a letter  to  Chace. 


e:{oO  adfi  Tto  fifiLiTisTaw  foTl 

hinl  -ssttislsih  f>n)3,e^&il09  6 feswufl'q  f 
,aoft;gnkIA  ts  ,eaflt  ai  ar.otB-ianioa.  »k 

faQjfaa  -<tav  jI  .oi^xfiiJlfifT  moi\  «>(iia  97rt-xtnawl 
eDHiBH  9(it  snw'i  J'iaxmo'l  bnnoqnroo  « .vartcfsailoO 
-ni'W  itoifw  abilib?  aj^^Ifoo  srfT  *Ji 

-T3  OTi)!flc>miJo  kJiVcI1'5S'«  tsJsiq 

,5ia7tO  ,BaiJ«jn9ifJfim  ^nifcafoxii  ,97ffclt*» : 

ajirobiJJs  7J(i979f.  bohsq  9<io  Ja  btic  iWsidall  b«« 
srioffT  io  0"iuli.bii9qza  lui  'laft/i  ,b9(lofirt9  oasw 
-fcltdd  luta  'nindil  grf}  ,«iallob  btiHsaodl  MiU 

barf  SJiivaif.oiH  •^il'baxoaJf.ab  a-ww  ^ni 

.a'ljiaT  traJ  'lo  aafiaferaa'toiaxf  <5  Ji 
buu  ‘j'goaiJs  Ba  «aw  aoi-Hloq  xti  noiialovat  axJ  F 
B'lo'ft  eaoBMioiisi  .((oi^H‘31  iti  txjffJ  «a  nabbos 
b9ta'iu:S^ua.rl  B9trj»«u«i  btoJ  aiiJ  (to  ariflo  ot  Ixinol 

■vtij  ,98aji  j .ooiiabiif)(|t>bfiI  lot  la'/f  orit  ^onoh 

^fiiJad&b  a'liiim,  a 'k>  anoi}ts'i9dilf>b  odJ  ^nibtioJ 
■^d  bssaaiqiiit  ilaou!  aa'/f  ,aio<i)i)IuH,  tti  '(.Jaibo* 
,bci  eaofbriant  btie  'looti"  « lio  «>l'iji«tat  srit 
K bna  ,9ioJ6  rxaaoiiJoqxf  ««  ni  liiab  a mt  n od'" 
-liilatipaB  ^id  abaiiT  oil  ^atw/dynu  to  J/iabjJla 
vbijJa  ot  xftiii  b'j-^B-iuouu'j  Iwoi  babtiaxurnoo  ,ootia 
\ \ ' ,9»ak<  <.y  t»l wd 

-•m;l  -won  i«ft  ,‘i«<d-xJ«9vrt’to  »n»  *dJ  *A 

^ «*  Iwteios  fMid  oiFff  ,iac 

■«-ii!iMb  (li  f'liJ;  ,o  intalai:g«v[  orft  'to aadfriain  a 

^ , ..  ....  

J ■ 4 


ELOQUENT  WILLIAM  PINKNEY,  223 


a debate  on  a bill  regulating  the  manumission  of 
slaves,  delivered  a speech  which  electrified  his 
colleagues,  and  rendered  the  hitherto  obscure 
name  of  William  Pinkney  familiar  among  the 
statesmen  and  philanthropists  of  America  and 
Great  Britain.  His  sentences  were  polished,  and 
keen  as  the  damascus  blade.  His  voice  Tvas  flex- 
ible and  musical,  but  his  eloquent  denunciation 
of  the  system  that  had  checked  the  prosperity  of 
the  land  he  loved,  caused  him  to  appear  to  the 
apologists  of  slavery  like  a destroying  or  aveng- 
ing angel. 

His  words  were  as  tongues  of  flame.  A few 
only  can  be  given  in  this  brief  sketch.  “ Iniqui- 
tous and  most  dishonorable  is  that  dreary  sys- 
tem of  partial  bondage,  which  her  laws  have 
hitherto  supported  with  a solicitude  worthy  of  a 
better  cause.  * * * * Eternal  infamy  awaits 

the  abandoned  miscreants,  whose  selfish  souls 
could  ever  prompt  them  to  rob  unhappy  Afric  of 
her  sons,  and  freight  them  hither  by  thousands, 
to  poison  the  fair  Eden  of  liberty  with  the  rank 
weed  of  individual  bondao-e  ! 

“Xor  is  it  more  to  the  credit  of  our  ancestors, 
that  they  did  not  command  these  savage  spoilers 
to  bear  their  hateful  cargo  to  some  other  shore. 
* * * jS'ever  will  your  country  be  produc- 

tive; never  will  its  agriculture,  its  commerce,  or 
its  manufactures  flourish,  so  long  as  they  are  de- 


lo  nohfilms!nr.m  mb  :i^aflniri^o«f  fffd  a no  ^jisd^b  a 

anm^do  hmhtim  ban  ,ediTgR5>fjoo 

odt  ^aoms  rmvJaH  mmUiir  Jo  mam  ' 

ban  GohmriA  Jo  Biaiqoidhinlldq  ban  aoaw^m 
ban  MdfrHoq  aril  .fimjrrfl  k*^>ib 

^xoR  anyr  ombv  eill  .0l>fifd  moamwb  &dt  an  cmoji 
mbBlmiamb  imupoh  md  Jud  ,b‘^rVnf/x  f>riA  eWi 
^o  yirf^>q:oi<]  odi  toioaiiS.biid  iiroja-^a  adllo 
odf  ojr  'jTj')qqfj  ol  inid  tsafcrijof  «6oyof  t;if{  j^aid  arf^  ' 
to  •gaiioriBob  n adif  rwvak  Jo  BUf^goJoqn 

-hgrm^ni 

wi  A .smnfl  Jo  ssaimi  an  oww  abtow  siM 
-inpinl^*  Is^nS  aldlrrr  navi^ 

-a/8  ^/idj  ex  ^^icfftioiiodarb  twxrr  bxijj  gjofo^ 

sv/id  awjsl  'foiI 

A lo  '^ffr'rov/  sl>n,tiiHfo8  u xfjfvf  |>a,hoqqxjg  oiiorflftf 
ejfnv/xi  im/iJai  lmnoj3[  * * ♦ .eeam  'lomd 

afaoH  rfalUofi  oaotbrr  Mifncftoaim  boaobundn  9di 
to  ohiA  i<fqndiw  Jot  Oi  aucis  Sqmotq  tovo  bhoo 
.ehan^iiofh  -^d  tmUbl  modt  SJfml  ban  ,enoa  lotf 
esit  dby?  ^it^dil  Jo  aobS  tiuf  od^  aoBioq  ot  : 
-X  t^rgabaod  Inabhibai  Jo  boow  « 
fBjofsooaa  100  to  illmo-adi  oi  otom  jj  .^i  fsoUf. 
atrdioqg  o^fr/na  tft/niS  bannwioo  .ton  bib  '(mh  Sstd} 
.oiqda  ij>i{jq  omo6  ^oj  ta^d  of 

•oniioiq ‘inoy  Iliw^  lovoK  '.*: 
to  ,ouioanno  > aii  .frwilfjorn^n  «Ji  Hr;/  'j^voa 

Ob  ys^aol  oa  >iwoB  «$nx/<r)rilrjn^axri  aJj 


224 


TERRA  MARIJE. 


pendent  upon  reluctant  bondsmen  for  tbeir  prog- 
ress. ‘Even  the  very  earth  itself,’  says  Mon- 
tesquieu, ‘which  teems  profusion  under  the 
cultivating  hand  of  the  freeborn  laborer,  shrinks 
into  barrenness  from  the  contaminating  sweat  of 
a slave.’ 

: “ But  it  has  been  said,  that  nature  has  black-  ' 

balled  these  wretches  out  of  society.  Gracious 
God  I can  it  be  supposed  that  thy  Almighty 
Providence  intended  to  proscribe  these  victims 
j of  fraud  and  power  from  the  pale  of  society,  be- 

I cause  thou  hast  denied  them  the  delicacy  of  an 

i European  complexion  | * * * * But  another 

I objection  occurs,  which  may  deserve  a more  par- 

ticular  reply,  because  against  that,  there  can  be 
no  adequate  provision.  Testators  may  impover- 
ish their  families,  bv  inconsiderate  manumission 
in  their  last  sickness.  They  may  be  frightened 
by  preachers,  refined  moralists,  and  others,  when 
the  mind  is.  easily  alarmed,  and  incapable  of  its 
! moral  resistance. 

\ “I  answer,  that  if  emancipation  can  be  efiected 

I with  the  owner’s  consent,  while  his  understand- 

^ ing  is  legally  competent  to  the  act,  T care  not 

i through  what  medium,  fraud  excepted.  Should 

I lie  reduce  his  family  to  beggaiy  by  it,  I should 

: not  be  the  one  to  repine  at  the  deed.  I should 

gloiT  in  the  cause  of  their  distress,  while  I 
wished  them  a more  honest  patrimony.” 


;■  1 

t i 
! i 


"■'ik-  . ■ V,;i  • ,, 

lol  IniTJ’oub'i  noqp  Snobmq 

*ilol^:r<«8  7*1  w scft 

diii  t^l>ncf  ^mssf  do/dvr*  ftfowp)se& 

sdnaifs  ^iBrodal  laoJo^di  $d^  lo  b/uid  ^nrfwvhlno 
*io  tB9w&  ^oiiiun*  ax*tno7  'Jif?  itrcn^  B^9nnf>Tiijd  oiri? 

evjisin  tp.df  ,bim  nmd  nmi  H ^ 

mohmD  Bodoisiw  ssQdl  l)0fkd?. 

'r)%f{xr[/x  7t1i  boaoqqnfi  ocf  if  mo  IhoO 

'^aiim^  omdl  odhop.o‘tq  of  bohaoini  Boaohtron^ 
•o  J ,p$ho8  'lo  i^fuq  M)  nvrii  vjvroq  biu  him'i  'to 
itu  Jo  yoiioihb  ^jii)  m^df  fj^lsioh  fnad  uod)  mum 
lodfoan  fall  ^ ^ ! ooij:9tqm«!)f>  flfisqo'JwS 

-Ti;v|  orom  B 7f;m  li^idw  ffitwotJO  fioii^sjdo 

od  nm  /mru  ‘>>80ii7G<J  ,vj<]^ry 

*’i‘>7oq0ft  7^‘ua  aioifti^'/r  .ijolsi^o'iq  oifinp'jbii  ofl 
oi/n*ii>i ’fio'jifff  vd  li^t'df  /hi 

bofinfd'^Hi  o<J  .B^^nrdoia  ife^f  iifMfJ  itf 

:ioJv/  ^kiodfo  buB  ,<si<ihnoi0  h^aMr  fBiOihmv^ 
tiff  'io  £#f«i»iq'i7a{  bfifJ  {iiduo  f«i  bfiixii  od) 

,. ‘>7  itii  H f ■ 

boh^jHo  od  mo  noifr^qharurro  'il  ffuit  ^ 

-huufu^ioLuuj  f^dii  "jiidv/  ^JitOofioO'  '^’'toiiwo  ^)^ii  dfiw 
jpu  oi  iuof^oqaioo  yjfn^ol  bI 

hluoj^  JmkjOi:u'j  bu/pif  .mdiinm  ifidw  d^wcnJ) 

hlmik  1 Jj^ob'^nh  ’ fti' oniqufl  oJ  offo  mif  i/dJcm 
1 •liodj  ‘jo  5>«i!fiK0  Ofit  m pol?^ 

'\7^h7;'/iti‘r?f)q  7^')ftorf  j-soaT  a raerfj  fcaH^iv/ 


DECLINE  OF  SAINT  MARY. 


225 


These  opiniops,  when  read  in  the  planters’ 
homes,  startled  the  old  regime  into  indignation; 
they  appeared  atrocious  and  revolutionary  to 
those  who  had  been  trained  to  believe  that  the 
greatest  slaveholder  was  the  greatest  gentleman 
of  the  land,  and  the  name  of  William  Pinkney 
was  by  such  exerrated;  hut  the  new  element  of 
society  saw  in  him  the  brilliant  orator,  the  sound 
statesman,  the  high-toned  philanthropist,  and 
they  delighted  in  manifesting  their  esteem. 

Although  there  had  been  an  advance  in  soci- 
ety, after  the  close  of  the  war  of  the  Pevolution, 
there  was  yet  a deluded  class  continually  sighing 
for  the  good  old  colony  times,  when  commerce 
was  restricted,  political  privileges  few,  ignorance 
rife,  and  religion  in  charge  of  hirelings. 

The  Golden  Age  many  believed  was  in  the 
era  of  the  Balti mores,  and  that  the  reign  of 
Maryland  gentlemen  had  been  succeeded  by  the 
rude  sway  of  German,  Scotch,  and  Irish  traders 
on  the  shores  of  the  Patapsco. 

The  revolution  of  168y  developed  new  ideas 
and  energies,  which  crystallized  around  Annapo- 
lis, and  obscured  Saint  -dary,  which  from  that 
time  continually  dwindled,  and  was  only  attract- 
ive to  those  who  lived  on  the  reputation  of  their 
ancestors,  and  clung  to  forms  and  theories  sim- 
ply because  they  were  ancient. 

The  adoption  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United 


9rf#  ffi 

.•aofkasjfettj  tvhi?  !>m%6T  M.)  o(f,t  iisijTfija  aamorf 
fife 

3jiJ  3«E>  a-TOifiio  03  fi'-iibri  n««ff»at{  o.fw  ssoifl 

wfifoibvd^  Ja9l«9T3 

lo  vr.a  «D  J ;bms.r~ox.  Hom  y 

>rinm  yi^,0iarffi  jtit!(i!,j(i  odt-^^ia  ai  vree  rtsiooa 

.w-jat«9  i;a,/,  g, !(•>.., lidofe  fit  hoJtfsibh  v^d; 
'(s'Ofl  f^r  aoiiti  fhii  n^  nooH  Imd  o^o^^J  d^uodtlA 
Mlov^i  odr  •to  9,IJ  to  -mh  odi  loila  ,73, 

aoioftroioo  awlw:  ^9mi>  :r»bi.rj  .Jifo'  bboa  esfi  ,<« 

''''  'f  fayilifef  ,b|*9it8M  ,w  • 

• .a^ilOTTd  io  »|-j!ido  al  ifo/gifijn  Bn/,  ^ 
01,.  i;/  ef.TT  hoifothd  y>„uiu  yA  tiufiloO  oriT 

« n^i9i  »rtJ  3i;,fi  fi,if;  ,».9-,omiil()fI  arit  'io  ^79 
V’  »'<ai  mimhau^^  hodneM 

M5-b«rt  d,,nl  fj„B  ,»jcwi»0  io^cw*  9j,„ 

. ."■J‘:<}),ij/I.  oiiJ  •}©  soio/b  arfj  no 

)q  myiiuloyo-f  aifX 

-oqfO!f,A'fjr.;Kn«  fiox(fi,;:?vrr;  doah.-  ,eoir,vj„o  £>n« 

doWw  ,^.,.j/.  howoko  i>„«  J 
ibol[>ni»h  xihmaitmo  amii 

: ' <0  noiJMaq9'i,v,;j  (,Q  fiavii  o,(-,/  9,^,/,  03  wi 
■iiM  Bano9dt‘imrai  y o.t  gaut,  baa  .sroJapoaa 
I.  . T,  , , -Jiwbiw  anv  «*mK»d .»(« 

b *}«1  J d«l}  w tf.iii^ooO  9(ft  >0  noiiqoha  »dT  ^ 


I 


1 


226 


TERRA  MAREE. 


States,  in  1789,  imparted  fresli  life  to  Maryland. 
Annapolis  now  became  the  seat  of-  the  old 
rdgime,  while  the  City  of  Baltimore  arose,  the 
centre  of  new  thoughts,  and  the  depot  of  the 
produce  of  the  western  counties,  rapidly  devel- 
oping under  free  labor.  Hither  the  young,  the 
energetic,  the  educated  resorted,  and  white- 
winged commerce,  in  fleet  clippers,  bore  its 
name  to  every  clime. 


.;il 


/]BTI  (fi 

«rIo<:|K'\ :i  A. 
’U’J'U  '/Ki irkin' 
?•••■;.  if  'lo  •f>lUldO 

V.  1'  V}  '>'’^irbo“^q 

vr'  , 

V ■-•.  f t Cyfanu  ■ 


CHAPTER  EIGHTPI. 

THE  LORDS  BALTIMORE  AND  PROPRIETARIES. 

EIE  materials  are  so  meagre,  that  it  is 
almost  impossible  to  prepare  a sketch 
of  the  Lords  Baltimore  and  Proprieta- 
Marjland.  ^ 

George,  First  Lord  Baltimore, 

was  in  talent,  and  in  every  respect,  the  head  of 
the  family.  As  early  as  1603,  was  M.  P.  for 
Bossiney,  in  Cornwall;  in  1621,  for  York;  and 
in  1624,  for  Oxford  University.  In  addition  to 
the  notices  of  his  career  in  the  first  chapter,  it 
may  be  mentioned  that  Samuel  Calvert,  a cor- 
respondent of  one  of  the  statesmen  of  that  era, 
in  a letter  of  April  sixth,  1605,  writes  that 
“ George  Calvert  hath  good  favor  with  his  Lord- 
ship  (Robert  Cecil),  and  is  diligent  enough.” 
In  1606  he  was  Prothonotary  and  Keeper  of  the 
Rolls  in  Connaught,  Ireland.  Winwood,  as  Am- 
bassador to  the  States,  had  sent  over  to  England 
a copy  of  Vorstius  on  the  “Attributes  of  the 
Deity,”  witli  tlie  remark  that  there  was  “matter 

(227) 


ries  of 


■n-- 


ai!A  aao^M  aaaoj  sht,  . 


si  a tedf  oe  *»-(«  «lchMjir)i  3H»««S5 

flolsjfg  fi  97«(j3iq  ot  9ldi>.8:o.inti  iBomia 
'"^'’1'!'^®'*'^  t>'»n  sioOTxfU-a  9iJj  lo 

“ .hl■|Jsll^aU  'to  eon 


• itgoj  Tftai'ir  ,30KOaO 

“?,  «i  *«W 

-xf^rooi  oifi 

ot"”  :_*<•/  no)  ,f£-0,r  «i  ;JI«wmor)  „f  ,:^9„;sgoa 
0}  noUii-iw!  oI  .vjiki.jvIhTJ  biri^zO  -loi  ,mt  ai 

Ji  ,vj)<indi,  isnft  sdj  I't  tooon-j  kid  asofJon  orfj 

-;oa  B nsvJ/iO  t9x.wi«fe  indt  fynmltaom  ^ y^ai 

,<n9  iBfU  )o  ao,ne,ju.ti  odi  V.  <>«.•>  io  imbaoqesj 
M}  eoinw  .mX  ,,llr.k  lh.jA  Jo  loUol  « «i 
- j-ioj  Buf  lbl> -107/(1  rfjjjif  J:i9-/Iii0  O^TOSO  »> 

./fguoiir.  »f  L;,fi  4{,390  qirfg 

. eav  adiXidl  ctl: 

bTd  -tnoda-il  ;jd3«ftfl„oO-.il  sifoff 

OJ  Y'O  )mk  hod  .eataib  odi  ot'tobesaod 

9d)  lo  S9:todfi),4-  9,<t  ^ 

»«-7,  n,,  i;  U:d1  o.fi  il,i-,x 


.1 


-I 


io 


dt 


.1^ 

'■ 

-^,  .j 
'V 


■7-3®^ 


228 


TERRA  MARIM. 


J-' 


enough  in  it  for  a wit  that  hath  either  spirit  or 
courage.’'  Sihig  James,  believing  himself  such 
a wit,  with  the  aid  of  Calvert,  as  has  already 
been  narrated,  wrote  a reply  to  the  book. 

A friend  by  the  name  of  John  More,  writes 
to  Winwood,  on  January  first,  1611-12: 

“According  to  your  Lordship’s  command,  it 
hath  been  mv  business  to  inform  mvself  what 
construction  is  made  of  your  late  proceedings  in 
the  affair  of  Yorstius,  which  by  general  repent  I 
understand  to  have  been  exceedingly  well  liked 
by  his  Majesty,  and  Mr;  George  Calvert,  falling 
of  himself  upon  the  subject  at  his  house,  whither 
I went  with  my  wife,  on  a visit  unto  him  and 
his,  told  me  that  the  King  had  publicly  declared 
that,  in  all  the  course  of  this  business,  lYinwood 
hath  done  secundum  cor  meum.” 

On  the  eighteenth  of  February,  1622-3,  King 
James  granted  to  Sir  George  Calvert,  in  the 
County  of  Longford,  Ireland,  2304  acres  of  arable 
and  pasture  land,  and  1605  of  bog  and  wood 
•land,  to  be  holden  by  knight’s  service.  Two 
years  later  he  was  made  Baron  of  Baltimore; 
and  on  }»rarch  the  eleventh,  1624-5,  these  lands 
were  granted  to  him  in  fee  simple,  in  free  and 
common  socage,  as  of  the  Castle  of  Dublin. 

On  May  the  twenty-ninth,  1625,  King  Charles 
writes  to  Lord  Deputy  Falkland: 

“Right  trusty  and  well-beloved  cousin  and 
oounseilor,  we  greet  you  well : AYhereas,  our 


L,.  ' 


i 


V't" 


m 


■,vi,:fi  ■.'A.xaj:.'^.  ,K.5\a'a.t  ' 8SS  \- 

■ '*>'■'•  '■■  ""V*;-  *■  -■ 

10  jri^qa /t’^dir»,£llx^rL  /i  xii  ih^Lfoae 

3om  Vo^mld  pth^Ho^  ..t^rn^X  Suil£  , “.-ggfatfoo  ,, 

8iiff  frc  ,h^‘7fr.O  lo  bin  jhJj 
,io<w(  Qillot  a 9t</iw  ai)^cf 

•Ae1hvfAv^ioi4\.cfdo'C. ’io  tmeti  r/^„  baon^  A .■,..^ 

{JO  J>M>7far/7  oi 

11  eUiitff-bioJ  VfO'i  oJ  palbioooA^* 

oi  B-fo^rntd  rm  n4»-Ki  djftfi  . , 
ffi  ujo?  *)o  yf»a£a  ti  ao/Jornj«iioD 

I h»;/r|'>t  i;nOfi‘>s  ^LJ.'lvjr  .^utIsioV  u‘j:1ii3  Gidt 
hydif  Hot-'  vil.'jibut^ox-o  'j/ijd  o1  riirrJ8^s>b{mr '- 
3»i'r*  n>Q  .'ll 4 bfitii  ftuf  yd 

*jovlTuf7/  ,9gnori;>-'f  J tft  ‘3ilt  fjotlif  *^0  d 

ban' liild  qtan  jI^Jv  h no  /tn  (fuw  Jad?/ I 

boifiloob  '^f^uIdtK!  Lud  blol  ,dif 

boovotT//  ^^^^!  'lo  '^^14 

’'.ffiuom  1O0  mnbira‘3£>8  .’iiub  dtJid 

guiil  (r;~Sil:9r  ,v;fftu'td9'’i  lo  rfln^9td^F>  qds  aO 

5:lJ  j:r  ,7‘i^/L:0  .vttcr,^t)  *fiS  <v|  bj^.tnin^g  ei>m*iL 

old/nn  ‘iok-ym:  J>iJ«ii‘fI  ^|j'^^iio*I  ^;^hiao3 

boov/  biJtt  ^od  ‘io  edbl  brO;  eiitt^irq  btm 

07;X  .9'?fV'tos  a'trf):if{rd  vd  iiobfod  oi  Jjnal* 
^siornii!  :tl  io  iK'-rj>ff  vl)i;fu  s////  ^ji  lyJjil 
ftbrn.l  jlUr^vdo  floniiU  no  bun 

bun  ui  ,y|qiak  <)»l  at  mid  qf  balani^  anx/r 
, ,t...  -L  JiLUija.itJ,  'to 

isohsulO  *gnivl  ^dl‘br  ,jfbfb{-v;)uov/4  od)  '(iiJ4  tiO 


ban; 


nxexJosF 


• Ji 


'i 


:bui;Ul>i'^I  btoj  c^^8^>^^v/' 

1 ■ ^- 
.(■■  ■ '■■ 

hyvo!  ub}I^#y/  ba«  v>}eu'it  irfg/H** 

i 

7 : a y/f  roy^  .9Vf  ,yfJb>aauOi> 

!_■.  ..  ■ ;.p  ':v;.  /, 

■ ' i ■ '■■■!^ 

■ i . Ji' 

mAjhymL  ■■  :: 

' :.:l 

\ 


CHILDREN  OF  GEORGE  BALTIMORE.  229 


right  trusty  and  well-beloved,  the  Lord  Balti- 
more, hath  acquainted  ns  with  his  purpose  to 
repair  into  that  kingdom  to  reside  there  for  some 
time;  being  an  eminent  person  and  a nobleman 
of  that  kingdom,  we  have  thought  good  by  these 
our  gracious  letters  to  recommend  him  to  your 
special  favor,  requiring  you  not  only  to  give  him 
all  lawful  assistance  and  good  expedition  in  such 
occasions  as  he  shall  have  there,  hut  also  to  re- 
spect him  according  to  his  quality  and  degree, 
and  as  one  who  is  parted  from  us  with  our 
princely  approbation  and  in  our  good  grace.” 

On  the  eighth  of  August,  1622,  his  wife  died. 
He  survived  until  April  tifteenth,  1632. 

Children  of  George  Lord  Baltimore  and  Anne  kis 
Wife. 

Cecilius,  successor  to  the  title. 

Leonard,  Keeper  of  the  Bolls  at  Connaught  from 
1621  to  1626.  Captain  of  a pri\’ateer  off  the 
coast  of  Kev/foundland  in  1629.  Governor 
of  Maryland  in  1634,  and  died  at  Saint  Mary 
on  June  ninth,  1647,  without  issue. 

George,  came  to  ^laryland  with  Leonard,  hut  is 
said  to  have  settled  in  Virginia,  where  he 
probably  died  in  1667. 

Francis,  died  in  youth. 

Henry. 

Anna,  married  William  Peasley,  and  lived  in 
T.ondon. 

20 


i 


■svAOMvtAKa-  v.aatt,v\uii 


-ftlrtfl  #xoJ  9, ft  ,f);»7ol<wf4f*»v/  hntt  yjtsni  tihh 
. 0,  ^9?0.rT«q  ,ti,f  ifjivj  Rct  f>»1fffi)trpo„  ifjfitf  9,0, „ 

n.CH9Wo/iB  f)«/,  nos«q  tna«/,flo  oa  -omit 

i«o/  Ot  I,wl  bnaOTmovM  oj  muaf  soof.-na 

d->.M  ni  »«rJito<o:o  1,0055  !>o,.a5.iR«a 


at  o.I«  sv;,d  ir«*  od  ^ ^ 

ito.  .0  ^-a  bam,  odv.  00a  I bl 
baWS.f  roo'r  7.lao0hq 

.rftaasilrt  li,qA  nj0o  Jbawywa^ 


«^rik  5«,0.  ima  ^ 

,,w..:«,.  ■ . ” .4^'ff,  j:.. 

V . , 0.t  ‘SO?.>iO*j^lf9  .«Ulflf>£*r> 

Mt  Ito  Iwljfvn,  a lo  wstqi/J  .gr.gf 

10,,,-, oD  .OS'dl  ,.;  I,«aib«0cfl  0o>f  ',0  moa 
v.(X!l4  tw«<3  Iu  hjrhhiiji.mi  ui  lutjtlnnU'io  ‘ ' 

« Jad  .bxaaoaJ  d«v/  b«u!-nai/.  0}  axnaa  ,05,7009 

ai  bolt, 98  o-t,.,}  OJ 

‘ ■ • .TcW>l  111  bull)  /fd«d<n.j 

«f  f»7ii  b.ia  ,yojR«o<l^  inaiitr/^  b.,f,oai  'f 


‘■0’ 


.'\,r’':' 


W^' 

hJs-v  T---S  V , 


230 


TERRA  MAR  EE. 


Dorothy. 

Elizabeth. 

Grace,  married  Sir  Robert  Talbot,  of  Kildare, 
Ireland. 

Helen-. 

John,  died  in  youth. 

Illegiiimaie  Issue. 

Philip  Calvert,  Governor  of  Maryland. 

Cecilius,  Second  Lord  Baltimore, 

before  his  father’s  death,  Avas  married  to  Anna, 
a daughter  of  Earl  Arundel,  Avho  died  at  the 
age  of  thirty-four  years,  in  1649.  Cecil  was  a 
member  of  Parliament  in  the  year  1634.  He 
did  not  possess  the  talent  of  his  father,  but  was 
exceedingly  politic.  The  folloAving  letter,  writ- 
ten by  him  on  May  sixteenth,  1634,  to  Went- 
worth, Earl  of  Strafiord,  when  Lord  Deputy  of 
Ireland,  is  preserved  in  the  Strafford  Dispatches: 

“ My  Most  Honored  Lord  : 

Since  my  return  hither  to  London,  out  of 
the  country,  whicli  was  about  a Aveek  since,  I 
had  the  honor  to  receive  your  Lordship’s  letter 
of  the  tAventieth  of  April,  Avherein  I perceive 
neither  distance  of  place,  nor  greatness  of  em- 
ployment, can  any  Avhit  diminish  that  noble  and 
true  affection,  AA’hicii  you  haA^e  long  professed, 
and  many  times  very  really  testified  to  my 
father’s  family. 


f " ■" 

.\^AniM  Ksia^‘v 

*m 

.vdJoioil 

0-''-Wkf"  ■ - 

“^0  ^todfnT  tas-doil,  li^ 

aioIsH 

.ritt.-r, 

y ui  b‘Ki)  ^(uloL 

v^'  /■"  '■'■  ‘.iy4r 

" ,f>ruJ 

nnll  ‘to  ‘t-o.;  f'ivov) 

jr,  i / j;i  £7ao  J j Li rx-iO 

o,/  |)om>;ifr  't 'm! t«l  &{rf  t>*rots>d 

C fft  ui.;  I)0?h  Ujiv/  j/.  l uivii  ‘to 

ii • f.j:>7/  Hoop’  .Ql-Or . uf ” '♦ftoV rl  a‘dl/ro 

••’H  axli  £if  'io'  .tod/noxa 

j.'jcl  'to  sJi  joa 

-ihv/'  .vofiol  t)ilT  ■/I'gfjibsoovc^? 

“InoVy  or  vfil^  iio  aud  yJ  nof 

'to  7ts-’|*j(I  ,i.o  .1  lo  I'inH 

t>ih  at  [yjvv»<i'yiq  g.f 

- jarto.l  tia;f07o|[  r-ioJ/i  yIl^* 

'to  j)'o  oj  'fodthi  irji?}‘Ti  yjn  ** 

^ />‘oU'i  >['jov/  ij  woiJh  pjr/r  rf'diiv/  ..  yjtaqo.o  ydi 
’ffiO'r  ovivoy'j  /.a  'itv(iox{;.4i{£#^^ 
ovioivrjq  1 whviodv.'  JhqA  'to 

-iiio  V>  ^ 

ii'::  yldoij  "idv/  yrm  j,Tc.fS'fn"{ok| 

J ?.r,;io‘iq  ^jiOi  &Vf*j(  uoy  nojd'/f  ,(foiar)d:‘U  . 
vn*  uj  vji/,;7'i  ’/'o.iv  va'ffiT:  baii 


LETTER  OF  CECILIUS  BALTIMORE.  231 


“ Such  an  heroick  virtue  as  that  is,  in  your 
Lordship,  can  seek  no  recompense,  but  for  itself, 
for  it  is  much  above  all  other  means  of  requital; 
yet,  my  Lord,  I yill  not  omit  the  daily  sacrifice 
of  my  endeavours  to  do  your  Lordship  all  faith- 
ful service,  wherever  I am,  in  perpetual  hope  of 
meeting  some  good  occasion  to  testify  my  grati- 
tude unto  yon,  and  that  I may  thereby  in  this 
particular  confirm  unto  the  world  the  greatness 
of  your  Lordship’s  judgment,  as  well  as  that 
other  virtue  of  your  goodness,  in  planting  so 
much  of  your  affection  on  me.  I do  most  hum- 
bly thank  your  Lordship  for  your  noble  favours 
to  my  brother  Talbot,  and  my  sister  his  wife. 
They  have  let  me  understand  that  your  Lord- 
ship  hath  amp]}’  performed,  what  you  were 
pleased  to  promise  me  at  St.  Albans  in  their  be- 
half. My  Lord,  I have  many  occasions  from 
your  Lordship  to  remember  my  dear  Father, 
and  now  I do  not  want  one,  for  I must  confess  I 
never  knew  any  man  have  that  way  of  doing 
favour  unto  others,  with  that  advantage  to  them- 
selves that  your  Lordship  hath  and  he  had.” 

Cecilius  died  on  November  thirtieth,  1075,  and 
was  succeeded  by  his  son, 

Charles,  Third  Lord  Baltimore. 

Charles  became  Governor  of  Maryland  in 
1661 ; married  Jane,  the  widow  of  Hon.  Henry 
Sewall.  of  Mattapany,  on  the  Patuxent,  and 


1 

j 


TERRA  MAR  EE. 


built  “ a fair  house  of  brick,”  eight  miles  by 
land  from  Saint  Mary. 

After  the  death  of  his  father,  he  visited  Eng- 
land, but  returned  to  Maryland,  and  while  in  the 
province  had  several  interviews  with  William 
Penn.  In  1G84,  he  went  back  to  England,  and 
died  on  February  twentieth,  1714,  at  the  ad- 
vanced age  of  eighty-four  years.  He  was  buried 
in  St.  Pancras’  Church,  Middlesex.  He  is  said 
to  have  married  three  times. 

The  title  and  province  became  the  possession 
of  his  son, 

Benedict  Leonard,  Fourth  Lord  Baltimore. 

Benedict  Leonard  was  married  on  January 
second,  1698,  to  Lady  Charlotte  Fitzroy,  daugh- 
ter of  the  Earl  of  Litchfield,  and  grandchild  of 
her  whom  ^lacaulay  calls  “ the  superb  and  vo- 
luptuous” Barbara  Palmer,  Duchess  of  Cleve- 
land, and  favorite  mistress  of  Charles  the  Sec- 
ond. Until  September,  1705,  he  lived  with  his 
wife,  and  had  four  sons  and  two  daughters,  but, 
following  in  the  footsteps  of  her  grandmother, 
a separation  took  place,  and  in  1710  he  peti- 
tioned the  House  of  Lords  ‘Mo  bastardize”  her  , 
illegitimate  issue.  “ Seduced  by  ambition  and 
the  eflbrts  of  the  Queen  of  England,”  says  Mc- 
Sherry,  “ and  sustained  against  his  father’s  op- 
position by  a royal  pension,  he  abandoned  his 
faith  to  advance  liis  fortunes.”  On  January 


SS2 


' -sasku  Kanat 

X<f  wffart  tds|->  '',ioh<r  'k>  emoii  iM  jfiod 

inm3  mo^l  Bnfif 

•rgrjt  aBWmiT  nld  lo  Jl/ioB  sifl  -isflA 

offi  rtf  .hnaixuil/:  oi  iad  ,hmd 

7^>»  ,f)j;i{  oonr/oi<i 

vj  ,.hSdf  f^r 

4>«  no  f)«;ii5 

l^ohnd  e/m  <&H; , triol-xiihd^lo' b^otir/ 

, hm  al  &ir  arneimU  ,(hrud6 ' 'aertyanT  J8  ni 
.^i04^Xf}  3$'uii  ovarf  ot 

(mkamaoq  &dt  &mn^9d  ovahmq^  alta  &/IT 

' ■'  * -i, . ■ V-.-  ■■  • ■ ,no*i  eiil  lo 

'■■-  ,.  ^ , „.  . ^ ' 

■.'^■hokitj/M  Q^Oi^l  ^nj?/y;oifvI  TOicosjaH ' 

■ ■ ‘ i , ‘ ',.  ■ ' ■ ■ ' ■ - ' - ' . ' Y'"  ' ■ .'■■■',■ 

'I'leannL  ho  bsmsHt  p0'«'  foiJHrdoJ  Jdi&»0oS 
-6'gOBfe  <)t  <8K»r  ,f)n6399 

■}(>  BIf4yf>ni:T8  haa  MsMiniJ  lo  hn3  oif}  Tio  lOJ 
-or  fjHH  d-oqua  ;Hit“  hHii»  ■ndiiaoel/!'  mod'/nod 
-avofO  lo  efiorfsidl  ,io«if«'i  o-iGd'ietl  "suoHJqoI 
-O0(d  9ift  aahndO  to  aaoitfini  olriovil  hr^n  ,foiiaf 
kid  dJivf  hs>;fii  0*1  .CftT  r .loJmojqoS  fi'JnU  .bno 
,trd  f^tfl-^niih  ov/t  luifj  aiio0  mol  Baff  fciiH  ,<>tiv/ 
/I'f  ihombiUi-ni  tod  lo  aq  jtulool  oih  at  gqrwofiol 
-uoq  9i{  OITI  nt  f>H,!:  ,y>aii{  oJooJ  HoftafMKioa  « 
tarf  ' oj  ••  f-rnckJ  io  obuoJI  odt  fionoiJ 

fana  amthjmi  .9a««r  ojamiti^olli 

,-oM  8/j);s  iro'jiiy  arlj  lo  orfj 

*<jo  s'toilJ/it  Rid  l>o.iii>.Jsi<f:  fenft  *•  .i^toiia 

»irf  f'OfrobflRdr;  Oil  ,«<ii.-i:i'Kj  ftrAir!  yd  noitiscxj 
iiCji  ■',»omi;to!i  aid  osH^vIu*  ot  dliiit 


CHARLES,  THE  FIFTH  BALTIMORE,  28o 


thirteenth,  1713,  he  publicly  embraced  the  Prot- 
estant religion.  Held  the  title  of  Lord  Balti- 
more but  little  more  than  a year,  and  died  on 
April  sixteenth,  1715. 

Children  of  Benedict  Leonard  Baltimore  and  his 
Wife  Charlotte. 

Charles,  successor  to  the  title. 

Benedict  Leonard,  ^f.  P.  for  Harwich,  in  Essex ; 
Governor  of  Maryland,  1727.  Died  at  sea, 
on  his  way  to  England,  in  1732,  and  with- 
out issue. 

Edward  Henry;  in  1728,  Commissary-General 
and  President  of  the  Council  of  ^Maryland. 
Died  without  issue. 

Cecil,  died  without  issue,  in  1765. 

Charlotte,  married  Thomas  Brerewmod,  Esq. 
Jane. 

Charles,  Fifth  Lord  Baltimore, 

w'-as  born  September  t\venty-ninth,  1699.  He 
married  on  July  twentieth,  1730,  Mary,  daughter 
of  Sir  Theodore  Jansen.  On  .January  twenty- 
seventh,  1731,  was  appointed  gentleman  of  the 
bed-chamber  to  Frederick,  Prince  of  JYales;  and 
on  December  the  tenth  a fellow^  of  the  Poyal 
Society;  wois  a man  of  culture,  pleasing  address, 
and  elegant  person,  as  the  following  poem  in  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine  of  1731,  indicates: 

•20* 


;8* 


ik  1. 


*^t\3SSS^P 


MS" 

r^f 


-»5r  • ,-4,  . (f  '‘5r/^IHf'  ;^O0:.-'^; '^'|j 

. Wiu«o„o 

f §..».  ,«w 


w^nr}^  ‘‘"OkCHTnl  ,,!«.„  arnmrJfmj 

i?  ,Or:Tl',rf)oJj«ov,rySAri^ 

*'■“  S«»  ■>' 

^^»^>llwJ:|'  -A:^T  T : T-ii^  / ' 't* ; , 


234  TERRA  MAREE. 

“ By  heaven  exalted,  by  your  Prince  caressed  ; 

By  nature  favored,  and  by  fortune  blessed ; 

Complete  in  person,  in  address  polite. 

Fashion’d  to  please,  to  polish  and  delight. 

Courteous  to  all,  beneficent  and  good, 

The  best  and  purest  marks  of  noblest  blood, 

True  friend  to  science,  and  in  taste  refined; 

To  every  study,  every  art  inclined; 

By  all  advantages  of  mind  improved ; 

Admired,  honored,  courted,  and  beloved.” 

In  1732  he  visited  the  Province  of  Maryland, 
and,  returning  in  1734,  was  elected  a member  of 
Parliament  from  St.  Germain  in  Cornwall.  F rom 
1741  to  1747,  he  represented  the  County  of  Sur- 
rey, and  died  April  twenty-third,  1751,  aged  fifty- 
two  years.  His  wife  survived  until  1769. 

Children  of  Charles  Baltimore  and  Alary  his  Wife. 

Frederick,  successor  to  the  title. 

Louisa,  married  John  Browning,  Esq.,  and  died 
at  Horton  Lodge,  in  1821,  at  the  great  age 
of  eighty-eight  years. 

Caroline,  married  Pobert  Eden,  who  was  Gover- 
nor of  Maryland  from  1769  until  1776,  when 
he  was  obliged  by  the  populace,  to  return 
to  England.  He  returned  after  the  war, 
soon  died,  and  was  buried  under  the  pulpit 
of  an  Episcopal  Cliurch,  on  the  north  aide 
of  the  Severn,  two  or  three  miles  from  An- 
napolis. 

Ilkyitirnoie  Issue. 

Benjamin,  called  Benedict  Calvert. 


'i'll,  V; 

♦ 


,;  /,  ■.■'kMi_f  ■-  " ^ 

; »f;irfi^r  rttox  ^itf  ,!>*>, fl»»nyri  " 

■ scp}r<A  ^(J  fm/i  ,f*$iov*1[  srviitjt.  ?.St 

•"  ^9itIoq  Hinnbhn  fti  fixotntipq  ol  «)«fqfx»o3 
Iwfl  oi  ,3?!r»3^i’Ci  f>i  f>'noirfB/i'i 

,ff»  ,i>J  «4tf«aJxwoO 
,bo^l4  ir-ibfoft  >0  It'Jtitrij  brrjs  iend  9dT 

:tso&3t  »t  ikff#!  ,r:ain9b8  6J  h«.sh1  9aiT 

; X'**^’*  x***^^* 

jI)9ttnqMi  la  99jiaU?nrbJi  Ih  rS 

,.'\fiM^mh4  bff-ia  .hinaaod  ^h'jrlmbA 


m 


: r 


J>nn('ruil/i  "to  aonivo'i^l  $ds  iyiikh  drf  S8Tf  ffl 

'to  7sdmi>ia  /i  h3t».9jo  Bfr/r  JH71  jti  ^«rrn«1o*i 
ffioi'i  JlRv/inoO  tfi  itknvioO  inml  hmmihsH 
•'us'd  to  7‘iTtjoO  f>ilt  ^Tl  Tf  ot  IJ-TI 

^'toTI  JJrqA  hdib  ban  ^7^01 

.COT]'  iiliin  bovmj/a  olhf  illl  .ainoY  owl 
. .,.  ■- ' '4.  / ' 

S\j^f  t>\  VjK»  \o  T\V^^>V4A0 


.elJb  9flt  oi  io«8oo9W8  ,>lonobD‘i'i 
b^ib  b/ifi  r^niay/oifl  Hdob  byh-y/un  ^fimjoJ 
og/]  or[t  Jn  ni  ,o:s^boJ  ifolioH  In 

Jo 

-lo^oO  &J^/7  o/fv^  ,nobS  boiiimvi  ,9niIoifiD' 

nodv/  jdTTI  IthHf  <)bTi  osoi't  bxfi.bnnl/*  to  ‘ion 
iniji^i  oi  ,0'Hi{aqoq  Off}  vU  exiv/  oif  j^r ,;- 

fVVfr  *fO/ti5  b‘>uir;:}tii  9ll 

Jiqlijq  9fft -jobat;  bo/tod  bim  Jjoib  «po^, 
bhh  ttb  ,dy'’i^  11^  to 

-a A mo'/t  >.'/[iai  *^o'idt  lo  o//}  ,fnovy^  od!  to 

. .novIft'J  bOito>tHO.MijaoE 


THE  LAST  LORD  .BALTIMORE.  235 


Frederick,  the  last  Lord  Baltimore, 

was  born  in  1731,  and  married  Lady  Diana 
Egerton,  youngest  daughter  of  Scroo2:>e,  Duke  of 
Bridgewater,  who  died  in  1758,  from  injuries 
received  by  the  U2)setting  of  her  carriage.  He 
was  sorely  afflicted  with  “cacoethes  scribendi,’' 
and  in  the  Congressional  Library  is  one  of  his 
books  styled  ‘‘A  Tour  to  the  East,  in  the  years 
1763  and  1761,  with  remarks  on  the  City  of  Con- 
stantinople and  the  Turks.  By  F.  Lord  Balti- 
more. London,  1767.” 

The  work  is  destitute  of  all  pith.  Walpole 
says  ‘ffliis  bills  on  the  road  for  2:>ost-horses  would 
deserve  as  much  to  be  printed.  His  book  proves 
a well-known  truth,  that  a man  may  travel  with- 
out observation,  and  be  an  author  without  ideas.” 
The  Monthly  Review  of  1767  is  still  more  se- 
vere in  its  criticism. 

In  1768  he  excited  the  indignation  of  the  up- 
right, and  the  ridicule  of  the  rough  }:)ortion  of 
the  London  j:»opulace,  by  conspiring  and  forcibly 
abducting  a beautiful  and  virtuous  milliner  girl. 
He  was  indicted  for  the  offence,  but  acquitted ; 
yet  public  opinion  made  it  pleasant  for  him  to 
leave  the  countr}'. 

No  one  can  read  the  reports  of  the  trial  with- 
out having  a hearty  contempt  for  the  man,  and 
the  following  titles  of  a few  of  the  poems,  pas- 
quinades, and  exj^osures,  issued  within  a period 


236 


TERRA  MAKTjE. 


of  a few  monlhs,  evince  the  great  excitement 
that  prevailed : 

“Memoirs  of  the  Seraglio  of  the  Bashaw  of 
Mai^'land,  by  a discarded  Sultana.” 

“Letter  to  Lord  B , with  an  Addrcvss  to 

the  town.” 

“The  Histoiy  of  a late  infamous  adventure 
between  a great  man  and  fair  citizen.” 

“ The  Eape,  a poem,  humbly  inscribed  to  the 
ladies.” 

“ Remarks  on  a pamphlet  entitled  an  Apolo- 
gist for  Lord  B .” 

“ Observations  on  a debate,  made  at  a late 
evening’s  debate,  at  one  of  the  Disputing  Socie- 
ties of  this  Atetropolis,  in  tlieir  decision  of  the 
ravishing  question,  with  suitable  remarks.” 

“The  Plain  Question,  Was  she  ravished  or 
not?” 

“ Is'o  Rape,  an  Epistle  from  a Lord’s  favorite 
Mistress  to  Miss .” 

“A  Letter  on  the  behavior  of  tOe  populace  on 
a late  occasion  in  the  procedure  against  a noble 
Lord.” 

“The  Trial  of  Frederick  Calvert,  Esq.,  Baron 
of  Baltimore;  in  the  Kingdom  of  Ireland,  for  a 
rape  on  the  body  of  Sarah  Woodson.  Published 
by  permission  of  the  Judge.” 

“ The  Theory  and  Practice  of  Rapes,  investi- 
gated and  illustrated  in  an  address  to  Lord  Bab 
timore,  and  ]^[is,s  Woodson.” 


• ,3fe4«..K%  ;k%aa’!C:.^  ^ ■ &82 

' ' ' 'V ' ' ■■'■'• 

. .:'i; ! 

^o'^irndmE  ■ lo  oihms?i  ©d;^  ‘’lo  **  ' ■ 

btdywmih  ft  I’ld  ,Evfid’(,i«l4 

oj  as^hbA  dtm  , H’  inoJ  oJ 

' '\avm't  Otif 

rii;,1n67b^  0fjro0njiid  ft  ’to  y roittlH  »dT*^ 

''  Jioshth  TJdi  fmfi  0/i/T  ft  noaT/iadf 
‘3(ll  ot  bodhoartt  ’{Idntijrf  im*iOc{  js  3^«£t;odT*‘ 

"".asfM 

-ofoqA  fjft  JofxlqrfTftq  ft  rro  ftd'iftxfloH” 

E Jyioul  to1  i»f?| 

»l«;l  ii  ia  abii(a  ,o)ft(iar>  XL  tjo  Haof)xi7ia8d0 
-alaoB  ^fTftuqaiG!  s»d:f  to  aao  ti;  fatAdaE)  ft’^raiaoYa 
aiil  lo  xiohroob  ibiil  ai  ^arfoqoit*>^^  « hit  'to  aait 

io  kjdaxYjsi  9ila  eftY/  abJE  adTt* 

athovftt  a'InoJ  ft  ormt  aii^iiqCd  aa  ,oqftH 

a«iM  oi 

*00  ‘^i>ftfxjqcK|  oat  to  'KXfYftfbJ  odj  sw  A**.  ^ 

cdddrt  II  f>itj£)0;)O*iq  iy.(t  ui  ito'iHnoi>o  i>pi!  ft 

■'.fnoJ 

iioiidl  ,,i*i07k0  >|ohoJ>oi'I  ’ic#JnhX..t^dT  *^;„^• 
ft  7C)t  (Lanfoil  to  foofj^niH  oilt  of  ;:iioifu’tlft3  lo 
. boi'ffcUxioH  aJOifibooY/.  dxni*8  lo  '{tiod  aiit'-dd-  aqm. 

'\9^bnL  lo  notoiat'iog 

iftH  fnoJ  07  nft  iii  iwff/fj!^{slll  hrfa 

‘^aiOftlxavY/  biTtt  fmowii 


THE  LAST  LORD  BALTIMORE.  237  —^38 


Seeking  retirement  from  his  infamy,  he  pub- 
lished at  Augsburg,  in  1769,  ‘‘Gaudia  Poetica,”  a 
thin  quarto  of  prose  and  poetry,  dedicated  toLin- 
nfeus,  the  botanist,  which  is  celebrated  not  only 
for  its  insipidity  hut  great  rarity,  always  bring- 
ing a good  price  when  exposed  for  sale.  In  1771 
he  published  another  work,  Coelestes  et  Inferi,” 
at  Venice.  In  the  State  Library  of  Kew  York 
there  is  a copy  of  each. 

At  the  age  of  forty,  he  died  in  Italy,  in  1771, 
without  lawful  issue,  and  the  title  became  ex- 
tinct. He  left  his  property  to  an  illegitimate 
son,  Henry  Harford,  Esq.,  a name  perpetuated 
by  a County  of  Maryland,  with  a reversion  to 
Mrs.  Windham,  Mr.  Harford’s  sister,  who  was 
first  clandestinely  married  to  Mr.  Morris  and 
divorced. 

As  George  was  the  first,  wisest,  and  best,  so 
Frederick  was  the  last,  weakest,  and  worst  of  the 

Baroxs  of  Baltimore. 


.1 

I 

i 


•r  '.  ",  :'  --v^.  ' . , ' ^ V v,.r.,  ,■  . 

|;  ~dnq  mi  ^x*^dtai  Bhf  mxrtf  M&raTtb&i 

^ :^/i|J[ of  b^ffi^rhob  fVyl9(}q  bnn  sacnq  ohrjrp  aidf 

vfao  toa  ihhh/  ^siciofocf  odi  ^ensRix 

-'^ahd  Utd  rjihiqkfrr  «!?  lol 

fTTI  al  f>^«oqx<>  ewq  I)6o;j^  is  ^ni 

\Ii8^riI  id  **  ^ioyt  rmffocift  boiisifdirq  arf 

^ibioY  ^sVi  1o  Tt/iiditl  mnl8  odf  nl  \&i)hi$y  ts 
■ -ffond  io ’'(qoa /j  si  9*iddj' 

tIT?I  ni  ^x^nfl  ai  kmb  ed  ,*^hdi  }o  adt  fA 
“Xd  aufjio&d  abU  odi  bmi  SubdShr 

ajumbrgoHi  nn  of  rfvjqmq  aid  ftai  alt  .tonii 

boJciJJdq'id'i  9iiX;3n  '{TiraH  ^aou  ^ 

■ . ot  iioim^a^  ji  dfiw  ‘to  '{hnjoD  b \d 

odw^  „anM 

^ "'  .f'doiovib 

08  bead  bun  .mar/r  ,isifir  odf  ajsv/  d^*io»0  eA 
i8iow  f)n«  ffmdnsw  ^faul  ads  ajrr/  dahahaii. 

^3[SlOKjrJUi(l  W r^OMA.K 

■ ?•  ■'  . V ^'  V.  ■ -•:. 


Appendix. 


, A Journey  from  Patapsco  in  Maryland  to 
■ Annapolis^  April  1730*^ 

T length  the  vnntry  Horrors  disappear, 

And  Aipril  views  with  Smiles  the  infant  year ; 
i (The  grateful  Earth  from  frosty  Chains,  un- 
bound, 

Pours  out  its  vernal  Treasures  all  around. 

Her  Face  bedeckt  with  grass,  with  buds  the  Trees  are 
crown’d,) 

In  this  soft  season,  ’ere  the  Dawn  of  Day, 

I mount  my  Horse,  and  lonely  take  my  Way, 

From  woody  Hills  that  shade  Patapsko’s  Head, 

(In  whose  deep  Vales  he  makes  his  stony  Bed, 

From  whence  he  rushes  with  resistless  Force, 

Tho’  huge  rough  Rocks  retard  his  rapid  course,) 


^ The  spelling,  capital,  and  italicized  letters  are  copied  from 
the  poem  as  it  appears  in  volume  second  of  the  Genlleman  3 
Magazine. 


( 239  ) 


S&i'i  *-0£7l  <At>  Vx-t<^k 


r':3 


J..^, 


"'iSiAu'^- 


’ '"'»7T'  ...  , ..  • ,f  . ^ 

, ..^  .istMiqnaifr  OTorsoIf  ,jg»nbi 

: M3'^  JuMwi  m|)  fdimS  Mw  ewaiv  Vfi»K  bn  A 

-nil  ^amdO  v^oil  moil  rfniia'  InlDjutg  »,ix) 

" ^‘  .fcnuod 

..,  ‘ ir.  aji  jgo  *7uo«I 

a «»3il  adJ  abii.1  iliiw  ,mu7s  dthf  U-Ml'od  s.j,g  „|j 

, {.b'nwoia 

Jo.nwna  !>(ij  919'  .no^Boa  Jloa  siifj  al 

lOUOOT  I 

,b«»H  * oxaq«/nq  sberf*  }«4  *«iH  ,f,oow  mo,! 
,bna  XI, oi^  s„l  ,„j, 

.09101  ei-MMf,  S9((au,  -^ioaihi  taoi'l 

'’v^  ^”*>0’ eJJooa  rijjoot  »5jiid 'orfT 


^ l,i,w «a  rialirf  ),„i,iIaH  baa  .ta,i<,„  , 

V . . .;. 


elvKr  < ea ) 


240 


A JOURNEY  FROM 


Down  to  Annapolis,  on  the  smooth  Stream 
Which  took  from  the  fair  Anne-Arvndel  its  Name. 

And  now  the  Star^  that  ushers  in  the  Day, 

“ Begins  to  pale  her  ineffectual  Raj. 

The  Moon,  with  blunted  Horns,  now  shines  less  bright, 
Her  fading  Face  eclips’d  wdth  growing  light"; 

The  fleecy  Clouds  with  streaky  Lustre  glow, 

And  Day  quits  Heay’n  to  view  the  Earth  below. 

O’er  yon  tall  Pines  the  Sun  shews  half  his  Face, 

And  fires  their  floating  Foliage  with  his  Rays  ; 

Now  sheds  aslant  on  Earth  his  lightsome  Beams, 

That  trembling  shine  in  many  colour’d  Streams ; ‘ 
Slow-rising  from  the  Marsh,  the  Mist  recedes. 

The  Trees,  emerging,  rear  their  dewy  Heads ; 

Their  dewy  Heads  the  Sun  with  Pleasure  views. 

And  brightens  into  Pearls  the  pendent  Dews. 

The  Beasts  uprising,  quit  their  leafy  Beds, 

And  to  the  cheerful  Sun  erect  their  Heads ; 

All  joyful  rise,  except  the  filthy  Swine, 

On  obscene  Litter  stretch’d  they  snore  supine  : 

In  vain  the  Day  awakes.  Sleep  seals  their  Eyes, 

Till  Hunger  breaks  the  Band  and  bids  them  rise. 

Mean  while  the  Sim  with  more  exalted  Ray, 

From  cloudless  Skies  distributes  riper  Day; 

Thro’  sylvan  Scenes  my  Journey  I pursue. 

Ten  thousand  Beauties  rising  to  my  Yiew  ; 

Which  kindle  in  my  Breast  poetic  Flame, 

And  bid  me  my  Creators  Praise  proclaim  ; 

Tho’  my  low  Verse  ill-suits  the  noble  Theme. 


■ ,»sk'<^3>stsvK  ol  itw<KI 

)mc4„.?'ii  mo-il^crot  ibiflW 

.Tij  Uiu  *i»fi  j>Ia5<]  ot  " 

id  t.?of  v^ofi  bolRoid  fili’n  f^tlT 

'■  ^ftibBl  laH 

j'7ro{^  ilfiw  fchiJOlO  ‘'(OdtjS  ‘>df 

Moimi  mii  Cfi  oW/joH  &)»«(>  '^na  f>iiA 

■'^(►>1,^5%  ‘*®  ^ 

j J8f<l  iliiv*'  ^niJft«>fi  ti'^iit  H'siS  hdh. 

:J,n.mfl  e*d  rco  iuAlfen  eharfa  woK 

b^inoloo  xnum  ni  ♦^nith  ^itUdim^tt  dniiX 
,a3br>n»i  i^iU  3f{;  ,tUrM  mis-nm^  !g«l2h>v/oia 
T*^^:'i;>’jHd3  i«3i  .s^'nT  &dT 

/l.t'iY/  ^woh-iisdT 

sw^a  J/f9fiito<j  mis  oici  hnlx 

■ :^10:  yln^f  rmii 

; s&iitiil  liod^  S’jm'i  inra  iifJ’i^^'fb  3iil  ol  ^oJi 
,^niw?4  ’(dJia  iq30Z3  .3*r.h  kiV^ot  IIA 
; ^ai<|U3  31004  ’^oilr  trdoioita  ’jttjkjl  j/O'joetlo  flO 
lio/b  «»tJ5oa  qoida  >c^a  odJ  alfit  fli 

(j.it>iU  iikiJ  knw  koell  odi  lliT 

,7jcH  b'jJlczi  Moot  ihifi  i^vj’6  o4i  niJol/T 

j loqn  -.*U>ia  v.>.i»lkuo|o  10014 

/juf^*jf;i{  1 v^fHLfol  via  Humoa  'oiriT 

.:  H' -%  ■■  fp/#-t>t^  y(;n  4'.‘*or)i'Hv>f^  buxt'isi^oj'l)  fld.r 

,ooi/:;ri  oit3i»q  i.w'i  jill  ^Ibabt  daitlW 

' ;;aii«looiq  vfAi  jW  Im^  btiA 

,0/norlT  olikut  mis  o-*iv7  v/ql 


PATAPSCO  ro  AXXAPOLIS. 


241 


Here  various  Flow’rcts  grace  the  teeming  Plains, 
Adorn’d  by  Nature’s  Hand  with  beauteous  strains, 
First-born  of  Sjyring,  here  the  Pieone  appears, 

Whose  golden  Root  a silver  Blossom  rears. 

In  spreading  Tufts,  see  the  Crowfoot  blue, 

On  whose  green  Leaves  still  shines  a globous  Dew ; 
Behold  the  Cinque-foil,  with  its  dazling  Dye 
Of  flaming  yellow,  wounds  the  tender  Eye  : 

But  there,  enclos’d  the  grassy  Wheat  is  seen, 

To  heal  the  aching  sight  with  cheerful  Green. 

Safe  in  yon  Cottage  dwells  the  Monarch  Swain, 

His  Subject  Flocks,  close-grazing,  hide  the  Plain  ; 

For  him  they  live  ; and  die  t’  uphold  his  Reign. 
Yiands  unbought  his  well-till’d  Lands  atford. 

And  smiling  Plenty  waits  upon  his  Board  ; 

Health  shines  with  sprightly  Beams  around  his  Head, 
And  Sleep,  with  downy  Wings  o’er-shades  his  Bed, 
His  Sons  robust  his  daily  Labours  share. 

Patient  of  Toil,  Companions  of  his  care  : 

And  all  their  Toils  with  sweet -Success  are  crown’d. 

In  graceful  Ranks  there  Trees  adorn  the  Ground 
The  Peach,  the  Plum,  the  Ajjple,  here  are  found; 
Delicious  Fruits!  Which  from  their  Kernels  rise. 

So  fruitful  is  the  Soil — so  mild  the  Skies. 

The  lowly  Quince  yon  sloping  Hill  o’er-shades, 

Here  lofty  Cherry-  Trees  erect  their  Heads  ; 

High  in  the  Air  eacli  spiry  Summit  waves. 

Whose  Blooms  thick-springing  yield  no  Space  fur 
Leaves ; 

Evolving  Odours  till  the  ambient  air. 

The  Birds  delighted  to  the  Grove  repair ; 

iH 


' . ■ ■-5‘‘  ’*■ 

'■'  . >»;  V'>*)7<'^  -:^ji'7>oni  fttfohuv 

;':  ; iai|r  f -H  t^whY.  \d  i/,iv>l:L 

/ ; m*fii  1,,.  n’lod-jaiiH 

>X(i'-:  '..r/ljr,  ,\u'.;i  ff^^ 

;,;  ,vr?ad  VA-wm’j  >'r:i  .,.,,,  kiiuT  jil 

‘ ' . ~.  |'W9t|JI.  r.uodcl;;  ji.aoriuifc  iJU-s  .,; >0/1/7  uO 

‘'f  fi\  ^mhub  A|/  d/j,v  /r.rot-:ikJ^iro.iO  ?iiij  X’lo/ij/H 
,,  :.,v  » ■iVi-mi  OiU  ^i'liiovf  ,v/o;fj7  iO 

yfO  Iraobif^ 

v^,  .;,  /.  ■■  ^ •■•  ivmi9  lah^rm'tUh/  ^nhhjj  'Mj  heif 

*fhy/h  mr  ai  oUB 

. '■■;j/;i'i  odl  9bi(i  ,^;thn^T(^-$>i-C}.h  .^rh>rb'i  giH 

rid  bhdqfj  'j  f)ib  hfjiti  ; 3 di  v^>rl,Mniti  7o'»I 

yuu’6.fj  b'jiij-fb'//  v.-»vi  .hiamdiw  ulumY 

k',::i  bapopji  hia/^.AJ  'lihhl  fq^  ^i\o*>\l  ’ 

.bsH  ftiil  .-y^hrsdii.--i9^t^  vow^d;  dim  .c^v^V^  Un-A 

,7l«dar.100{f»j  Vhd.  ku!  '.rinloi  &JtC.H  fijH 

- brl  lo  ^<iT^.;tu;q»iJc',)  .i^'oT 
.I»';r/.'-,<-n  '/ji;  ^'',, <•>'.>« il.tivv  li^'^i | }|b  I)iiA 

'.iil.i  !.-:hA}^  ii'j'f'i’l'  'rrjiif  -,i-’n:  ..'{  oI 

i built-.’  ■.,-f/t  t^/(<  ,.ctiuV\  •><{]  '-r!T 

,^n ihiU  mni\  d^fiiV/'  ? mohihU 

^.'^.  vdl  Wlui  oa — !‘oB  -m!i  hi  hljstnToB 

,Vlhi:.:i-.  ■«•-•. . iJ.;,n  ^niqni.,  ,,,  r .,i  ';  vlvfoi  t>ilT 
.<  ^ii  li'idj  >fyy\^  ■' 

, '/  V7ifp.  d:,vj  ‘iiAo/b’nr 

' i‘  h<yu:^jd 

^ . ,7ifl  »d,{  Oil  -!'uia^!te  li^aiylovrtf 

:-biHf;/r*.-.-/(.»tO  mil  0}  b‘>/ihib-0;  vAnVH  oifT 
tl 


242 


f 


i 


I 


i 


t 


A JOURNEY  FROM 

On  ev^ry  Tree  behold  a timeful  Throng, 

The  vocal  Yalhes  echo  to  their  song. 

But  tidiat  is  He'^  who  perch’d  above  the  rest, 

Pours  out  such  various  Musick  from  his  Breast ! 

His  Breast,  whose  Plumes  a cheerful  White  display, 
His  quiv’ring  Wings  are  dress’d  in  sober  Grey. 

Sure,  all  the  Mases,  this  their  Bird  inspire ! 

And  He,  alone,  is  equal  to  the  Choir 
Of  warbling  Songsters  who  around  him  play, 

While,  Echo  like.  He  answers  ev’ry  Lay. 

The  chirping  Lark  now  sings  with  sprightly  Note, 
Responsive  to  her  Strain  He  shapes  his  Throat, 

Now  the  poor  widow’d  Turtle  wails  her  mate. 

While  in  soft  Sounds  He  cooes  to  mourn  his  Fate. 

Oh  sweet  Musician,  thou  dost  far  excel 
The  soothing  Song  of  pleasing  Philomel! 

Sweet  is  her  Song,  but  in  few  Notes  confin’d ; 

But  thine,  thou  Mimic  of  the  feath’ry  Kind, 

Runs  thro’  all  Notes  ! Thou  only  know’st  them  All, 
At  once  the  Copy  and  th’  Original. 

My  Ear  thus  charm’d,  my  Eye  with  Pleasure  sees 
Hov’ring  about  the  Flow’rs  th’  industrious  Bees. 
Like  them  in  size,  the  Humming-Bird  I view, 

Like  them,  He  sucks  his  Food,  the  Honey  Dew, 
With  nimble  Tongue,  and  Beak  of  Jetty  Hue. 

He  takes  with  rapid  Whirl  his  noisy  Flight, 

His  gemmy  Plumage  strikes  the  Gazer’s  Sight, 

And  as  he  moves  his  evx*r-flutt’ring  Wings, 

Ten  thousand  Colours  he  around  him  flings. 


1 

I 


* Tlie  >.Ioc-k-Bird. 


PATAPSCO  TO  ANNAPOLIS.  243 

Now  I behold  the  Em’rald’s  vivid  Green, 

Now  scarlet,  now  a purple  Die  is  seen; 

In  brightest  Blue,  his  Breast  He  now  arrays, 

Then  strait  his  Plumes  emit  a golden  Blaze. 

Thus  whirring  round  he  flies,  and  varying  still. 

He  mocks  the  Poet's  and  the  PainleSs  skill ; 

Who  may  for  ever  strive  with  fruitless  Pains, 

To  catch  and  fix  those  beauteous  changeful  Stains ; 
While  Scarlet  now,  and  now  the  Purple  shines. 

And  Gold  to  Blue  its  transient  Gloss  resigns. 

Each  quits,  and  quickly  each  resumes  its  Place, 

And  e ver- varying  J)ies  each  other  chase 
Smallest  of  Birds,  what  Beauties  shine  in  thee  I 
A living  Rainbow  on  thy  Breast  I see. 

Oh  had  that  Bard*  in  whose  heart-pleasing  Lines, 
The  Phoenix  in  a Blaze  of  Glory  shines. 

Beheld  those  Wonders  which  are  shewn  in  Thee, 

That  Bird  had  lost  his  Immortality ! 

Thou  in  His  verse  hadst  stretched  thy  fluttering  Wing 
Above  all  other  Birds,  their  beauteous  King. 

But  now  tlr  enclos’d  Plantation  I forsake, 

And  onwards  thro’  the  \7oods  my  Journey  take; 

The  level  Road,  the  longsome  Way  beguiles, 

A blooming  Wilderness  around  me  smiles; 

Here  hard  Oak,  there  fragrant  Hick'ry  grows. 

Their  bursting  Buds  the  tender  Leaves  disclose ; 

The  tender  Leaves  in  downy  Robes  appear. 

Trembling,  they  seem  to  move  with  cautious  Fear, 

Yet  new  to  Life,  and  Strangers  to  the  Air. 


I 


i 


* Claudian. 


. . . , , 0,0  i?A  ICT  K 

.«'■  :'Vi,**^,v''' '’•'  :'■  -,.  '■''- 

'■^■''jAv'"  :■,  :.■•  tj.'  - 


.m. 


■■Ml 


' '■  'if  9d1  Wo/iacf  1 woK 

‘ ‘A--;>,v , ;-  filquHi  » y/ofl 

- 5^1  tesill  {{i(f  Ja‘>ld^hd  nl 

.9x455  fi‘;>Ciit^'g  /}  4fit39  gjjrf  ifinJa  iiedT 

m If'  biif/oi  :gnhiul77  eudT 

” ' J gvrij  fe5(i>dTn  9lt 

'Svi.Oiv  j)  ifiiv  »vbis  iol  ^ij(n  odV/ 

, jartieig 

^a»milz  'hIi  wofi  hiu  ,wo«  ioheoB  oOdVr 

.ttr^iHiTi  *8of»)  fijf  c,f/I?i  o5  filoO  bn  A 

,oo»t^i  Pji  fhxi9  tidi>ixfp  bno  ,?Jmp  doB:T 

^lida  i9dfu  f(9B9  ama.  baA 

I ©^»di  III  pnida  ^r/ijuaoH  4«dv/  ^abiiaio  fa^j^U/iaxS 
*90^  1 Jgjip’i^][  yj(jf  fiQ  tyodfVJX^Sl  JBOivH  A 
,aomJ  smaB9b|.i7ii3d  o^oxlvx  ni. 

^9oitk  ’(^of-0  lo  bxbIU  fi  fji  z^tntoA^  ‘ 
,©adT  fli  do|f{vr  »aodi  Sf^ds^ 

• did  :Jsfd 

S«»W  5ah9iiiJb  -^rfi  liMoj-iUg  i4)Bd  j^x| 

.?^ai:3  %U0‘i;ii«6d  -jfadi  ,.^f,-i7i  vMiHo  lin  orodA 
,9dxiitiol  I xi(»iiBiH6l<J  b'fiofoffy 'd)  7?ion  iulf 

{f»d4^  y^inijob  im  &IjooW  adi  'ordt  ahinwa^  bit  A. 

xa7r  cM«of.^floI  edi  Mu.^  lov©!  ©dT 
[kitltma  mu  bn/Foia  fca^xn^bliV/  ^n/fuooW  A 
.8V7o‘ij^  vvV-i'>iU  ,Aj)0  bu^d  079II 

;,p8ob»^ib  aQ'ni'h  l lobnjW  odj  abi^H  ^^rtlt^iwd  ibriT 
^o^i'ob  ni  sovbsJ  jjdT 

.tiA  mfi  oj  MojrfiBiig  bVixi  [ oS  wm^sY 


244 


A JOURXEY  FROM 


Here  stately  Pines  unite  their  whisp’ring  Heads, 
And  with  a solemn  Gloom  embrown  the  Glades. 

See  there  a green  Savdna  opens  wide, 

Thro’  which  smooth  Streams  in  wanton  Mazes  glide; 
Thick-branching  Shrubs  o’erhang  the  silver  Streams, 
Which  scarcely  deign  t’  admit  the  solar  Beams. 
While  with  Delight  on  this  soft  Scene  I gaze, 

The  Cattle  upward  look,  and  cease  to  graze. 

But  into  covert  run  thro’  various  Ways. 

And  now  the  Clouds  in  black  Assemblage  rise, 

And  dreary  Darkness  overspreads  the  Skies, 

Thro’  which  the  Sun  strives  to  transmit  his  Beams, 

“ But  sheds  his  sickly  Light  in  straggling  Streams. 
Hush’d  is  the  Music  of  the  wood-land  Choir, 
Fore-knowing  of  the  Storm,  the  Birds  retire 
For  Shelter,  and  forsake  the  shrubby  Plains, 

And  a dumb  Horror  thro’  the  Forest  reigns ; 

111  thatTone  House  which  opens  wide  its  Door, 

Safe  may  I tarry  till  the  Storm  is  o'er. 

Hark  how  the  Thunder  rolls  with  solemn  Sound  ! 
And  see  the  forceful  Lightning  dart  a Wound 
On  yon  tall  Oak  ! Behold  its  Top  laid  bare  ! 

Its  Body  rent,  and  scatter'd  thro’  the  Air 
The  Splinters  tly  ! Now — now  the  T17?nis  arise, 
From  different  Quarters  of  the  low’ring  Skies  ; 
Forth-issuing  fierce,  the  and  South  engage, 

The  v/aving  Forest  bends  beneath  their  Rage  : • 

But  where  the  winding  Valley  checks  their  course. 
They  roar  and  ravage  with  redoublexi  Force; 

With  circling  Sweep  in  dreadful  Whirlwinds  move 
And  from  its  Roots  tear  up  the  gloomy  Grove, 


iiar-.'4«iflv/  i'fj't(Hi..twV\  “^bJjQta  ai^H 

Qffjf  w v-roidin^^  fitof*(0  • fi'doa  « dlw  bnA 
,"'fa7.'  n o'jarii 

B'jixjcIA  n’^  rftoor,i<  dold^/  ’oidT 

>.f-T.c,‘tTl6  -I'rTn?  N/il 

’lulos  <^ih  ^ o’y.'^A't  7jaTin*3g 

ViXfi'Ti  i -.'t/it  no  f(Hv7  nlid'W 

/>xf5i7'  "'j  bisfi  ,>i«K)l  1,’ i.‘:v/'»|Aj  r 

.V  ^:7/  ’ouiJ  Jiev^n  oini  'j7l 

,ohii  <rj';!diTr:-Jr,'>  A ;haUi  li  kbi/ufO  ?Mit  woa  haX 
,K<'t\hC  *.:ij  - y/O  ?«‘KJ>!7J;<1  VlJ?0*jb  bll/'L 

>;n«oH  ':iif  onroi  ;.‘it  c‘  -<*7nt  . *nl1  'o'JoT 

or  v!vi-dsi  >*M  Hfy>ih  UiH 

l;fjK'  I'f'ov/  b'daoH 

r-ri  ?b7ia  "fit  of!n«>  ^^,viiv/o0i-eto"i 

,!?nifd‘!  /u'u.yn','  'h11  •M'lifriot  hn/J  it/’l 

'I  s(h  'okH  V)T^(  Ti  dmffi';  ♦?  NA 
: (l  i»S;  //  r.r  •'  • fbil!//  o^i/oH  anr'  nX 
.•^f}i.  ^i'  !.;i  ':^  -<.U  Idj  rriuj  T 7j.UiT 
• ! t>m:o^  c/iiolo'  d’iv/  ij{io^  Tib«\^o'C  "oi  vf  -ii  diwll 
f)m;o7/  £t  hill  :.  i.'tiid  "iJ  In'*  .- -v.-'  '.n!J  oo*vb«^ 
t-  f'  !d'*i!'4'tl  ! >liiU  Iffit  ’ 

ii  A Oil)  ^'‘'^fli‘  b'T>nfl'*".  I :i*.  ,3"'n 

/.;=ri5  ^Vo/rn  ":r  ‘i'rA^.  f7vY.  ! vl?  f>dT 

.in  ndflib  tmi  l 
i\\  •»>;  lisi  V W.(i  ..Al)  »9')7*^'  ^(r?n.e8bd«'id^I 
♦ • oiiu;;!  'li-Hij  i':i  1'j’^‘tff.v^d  #’!.'(!  -I'  3>'  nc  T •"iir'T.ov;  ocil 

v-i{3  • '.  I A'  ■(’?' 

'Or-’iUU*:'  If'iflJ  VnHi.  /'  '',  ; U iJlTi  .'<’  ’>.7  'i'i'jii  >7  tUA 

;*>yovl  l.nMuoi- ,;•:  filiv/  ny > liiu  Tfsoi  V*^bV 
6vom  ftbnrwlTln'V/  Iwlbijn'jh  ni  ({-yr^r<i  -onflml'.’  iln  l* 
/>v<*70  vfv!0<»»;n  • ■i?  fjn  Jn.i5  uff>i*l  bfiA 


PATAPSCO  TO  A^NN^APOLIS, 


245 


Dowrj-rushing  ^ul]  the  Trees,  and  beat  the  Ground, 
In  Fragments  flie  the  shatter’d  Limbs  around ; 
Tremble  the  Under- Woods,  the  Yales  resound. 
Follows,  with  patt’ring  Noise,  the  icy  Hail, 

And  Rain,  fast  falling  floods  the  lowly  Yale. 
Again  the  Thunders  roll,  the  Lightnings  fly, 

And  as  they  first  disturb’d,  now  clear  the  Sky ; 
For  lo,  the  Gust  decreases  by  Degrees, 

The  dying  but  sob  amidst  the  Trees ; 

With  pleasing  Softness  falls  the  silver  Rain, 

Thro’  which  at  first  faint-gleaming  o’er  the  Plain, 
The  Orb  of  Light  scarce  darts  a watry  Ray 
To  gild  the  Drops  that  fall  from  ev’ry  Spray ; 

But  soon  the  dusky  Y apours  are  dispell’d, 

And  thro’  the  Mist  that  late  his  Face  conceal’d, 
Burst  the  broad  Sun  triumphant  in  a Blaze 
Too  keen  for  Sight — Yon  Cloud  refracts  his  Rays, 
The  mingling  Beams’ compose  th’  ethereal  Bow, 
How  sweet,  how  soft,  its  melting  Colours  glow  ! 
Gaily  they  shine,  by  heav’nly  Pencils  laid. 

Yet  vanish  swift,  IIow  soon  does  Beauty  fade  ! 

The  Storm  is  past,  my  Journey  I renew. 

And  a new  Scene  of  Pleasure  greets  my  view: 
Wash’d  by  the  copious  Rain  the  gummy  Pine, 
Does  cheerful,  with  unsully’d  Yerdure  shine ! 

The  Dogwood  Flow’rs  assume  a snowy  white, 

The  Maple  blushing  gratifies  the  Light: 

No  verdant  Leaves  the  lovely  Red- Bud  grace, 
Carnation  Blossoms  now  supply  their  Place. 

The  Sassafras  unfolds  its  fragrant  Bloom, 

The  Vine  atfords  an  exquisite  Perfume  ; 


" ■ ' 


. ; V'’  ;?w  '-■■t^v.'*>"  ’ ..  ^ w.  ' '■  ' 


tbfloolO  ofi't  orft  ffit)^  ?i«ixi&u>awofI 

W;  ^a  «tir.^34/il  Hi 

' "ii  ^ ,ewoHo''-{ 

;‘  ' >eUT  xJ"oj  ofi/  kbooft  ^ifiajs'}  iasSi  ,«*ix)Jl  b«A 

''"’  «.  ,|iot  orft 

' rjia  9ifi  Y/OflE  ,b’<lwlaib  gi  bflA" 

jaDi'ij^oCf  ' fed^i.0j>*i  ai,»b  ^&iiO  9dit  ,of  ’to'5 

%is  ^^bihw  do^  Uid  a^nrll  ^or^b  o4T 
• ,or«H  wHs  &dt  SsUsh  immfs}oS  gaiaae^q  dsiW 
f)tb  id*o  i^a  ie  dohbif^otdT 

XnH  ^^lAW  a maU  i/fgi J 1o  thO  #>rfT 

x«^qa  *{'!''V»  am!JM  aq<>^a.94i' bfig  oT 

udi  'oTtii  baA 

i V ' 

, , iHVJiH  Bi'MJllO'T  buolp  ftO  10l  ff993f  OoT 

,woa  Vo^'T!5i\i3  Mi  oaoqmoo  emiiufl  gnifgruia  ddT 
! v/ofg  KiuufoO  ^tn)hm  eii  v/o^j  ^ieowa  y/oH 
,bfol  vlii^v^ri  ^d  ,o«}<}»  7tj(4jO 

! 9bBl  \»,\Miir)a  «*x>f>  H0O3  woH  «iil7/3  daiaftv'ioT 

•'  I »f  wnoka  ^jIT;  :^ 

: Wiv  T(;m  ^'^  ;qg  >u  onaa?^  w»a  a baA 

,9ixH  fflii  aia/i  ajM>i(|oo  odi  %/  b’xIS«7f 

; ^ Uniifa  o’JubjV  b’vjli/Miuj  xl,)<v/  JifhrixfY  e»o0 
j,  C ,oiiilv/  X'woim  « amaa'4-  ary/ol  i adT 

yjfj  a‘jairbg|;MiJhaldj5>V^\^ 
lixsli -l>'4d  btalfu^yy  oK^' 

.'A  - ,o*jujI*I  ij‘»jj?  yi.jijur.  'i/fjji  ^tuM'ecdG.  «ajp\iyfrtoO 

JfUn:^ail  asi  fcbfvVni  ^dT 

v'"'''  '^^^-  r 0'tfS.ffqiKy  /Jji  **.l'«'ioT5a 


246 


A JOUENEY  FROM 

These  grateful  Scents  wide  wafting  thro’  the  Air 
The  smelling  Sense  with  balmy  Odours  cheer. 

And  now  the  Birds,  sweet  singing  stretch  their  Throats, 
And  in  one  Choir  unite  their  various  Notes, 

Nor  yet  unpleasing  is  the  Turtle^s  Voice, 

Tho’  he  complains  while  other  Birds  rejoice. 

These  vernal  Joys,  all  restless  Thoughts  controul, 

And  gently-soothing  calm  the  troubled  Soul 
While  such  Delights  my  senses  entertain, 

I scarce  perceive  that  I left  the  Plain ; 

’Till  now  the  Summit  of  a Mount  I gain  : 

Low  at  whose  sandy  Base  the  River  glides. 
Slow-rolling  near  their  Height  his  languid  Tides  ; 
Shade  above  Shade,  the  Trees  in  Rising  Ranks, 

C loath  with  eternal  Green  his  steepy  Banks  : 

The  Flood,  well  pleas’d,  reflects  their  verdant  Gleam 
From  the  smooth  Mirror  of  his  limpid  Stream. 

But  see  the  Hawk,  who  with  acute  Survey, 

Tow’ring  in  Air  predestinates  his  Prey 

Amid  the  Floods  ! Down  dropping  from  on  high. 

He  strikes  the  Fish.,  and  bears  him  thro’  the  Sky. 

The  Stream  disturb’d,  no  longer  shew’s  the  Scene 
That  lately  Stain’d  its  silver  Waves  with  green  ; 

In  spreading  Circles  roll  the  troubled  Floods, 

And  to  the  Shores  bear  off  the  pictur’d  Woods. 

Now  looking  round  I view  the  out-streich’d  Land, 
O’er  which  the  Sight  exerts  a wide  Command  ; 

The  fertile  Tallies,  and  the  naked  Hills, 

The  Cattle  feeding  near  the  chrystal  Kills  ; 

The  Lawns  wide-op’ning  to  the  sunnv  Ray, 

And  mazy  thickets  that  exclude  the  Day. 


. 'T^ 

liA  ofij  wib\*ru  vJawB  IuVj^jbix  aeotlT  ^ ..^vi 

.i‘>f>(b  vtitiBO  rftlw  ; ■ 

•irfl  'ffon  hiiA 

,ac*K»*l  i^jromv  lb  1)  •*<ni0  tioirj  Ofto  fli  b«iA 
,^?oT  5j’'bAVtw'£  fe{ 

,0‘?k>ifrj  »{hfw  «rTfij!qfito!>  Ofl  'diiT  : 

Jiioi^flo?*  &t/i^fiodT  »8^»dT  _ 

looB  b^>W,joit  ^di  ^niiltoo^-vflaa^g  1>«A 
plj^l, . .,f5iiih9)n9  s-ldyihU  do««  dfkIVf 

, >'  . ;iUD\‘i  9fft  ^t'>l  1 U^Ai  diris»oi^q  I 

|\'^'s''  I ^ftwoXfk,  ti  juiiiitiiB  f>di  woa  HIT* 

itjti  i'A  i*ii;  oeJiH  i>«orlvr  Jb  ^od 

; hobiT  bic-fiusl  ibdr  iir.#(i  ^inoi--wol3 

vniprH  m sf^iT  ^dt  ,9b^dS  rfod/i  &fmf8  ' 

icu  dO  liiibiuv  iiailj“*^.mft3i  ^bTfSBSrfq  ,boolU  »tiT 

^X^tskB  ivjorjB  fi1i77  Oiivf  ,-JinirB.  odj  iuH. 

V‘ji*^l  iti<l  feHi4?Qitfe»tx)iq  A ni  j^niVwoT  f 

ji^fd  no  nioi'^  ;s)nii|qoib  nv/oCt  ! ^hool'l  cnii  Mm  A 
/(jia  mh  'Old?  iJiifl  bim  oH  • 

•^n«o8rr^tU  ayrula  vj-gao!  oa  ,h*<hi0Aih  iUJoniS  fnlT  J 

; nsrviiji  iljivr  sv/bV/  'ia^Wh  n1i  b’aU^iS  .J#jrfr  i-^; 

,i.lK»oi'?  b^kfifoit  orfr  Uoi  E*>bMiO  id 

Mhi*olf  t»'iu):.>iq  »d}  Tio  i«-sd  Bo^od^  t>dt  o4  hiiA  ^ ^ | 
>mx\  M‘bTs’i??!4oo  odj  yi^h  i boMot  ^40^A>of  wo>l 
^ bjiBmmoO  'jh'rff  r.  biioxo  XjH  iHdw  lu’O 

■ ■;  ,,4'HI f’-b^»5'0irdirff  - Kd4*' aA  of'rlidl  ^iT- 

j ftliiJl  T«‘>n  fxiT 

; .viiH  VHUW8  9fli  o)  ^ma'fjo^9i>r/f  ffftv/sJ  ^dt 

r/siii  'ntj  ‘.iimi'Mtf  Jiifif  vxnm  bn  A 


PATAPSCO  TO  AXNAPOLIS,  247 

A-while  the  Eye  is  pleas’d  these  Scenes  to  trace, 

Then  hurrying  o’er  the  intermediate  Space, 

Far-distant  Mountains  drest  in  Blue  appear. 

And  all  their  Woods  are  left  in  empty  Air, 

The  Sun  near  setting  now  arrays  his  Head 
In  milder  Beams,  and  lengthens  ev’ry  Shade. 

The  rising  Clouds  usurping  on  the  Hay 
A bright  Yariety  of  Dies  display ; 

About  the  wide  Horizon  swift  they  fly. 

And  chase  a Change  of  Colours  round  the  Sky: 

And  now  I view  but  half  the  flaming  Sphere^ 

Now  one  faint  Glimmer  shoots  along  the  Air, 

Now  all  his  golden  Glories  disappear. 

Onwards  the  Evening  moves  in  Habit  grey, 

And  for  his  Sister  Night  prepares  the  Way. 

The  plumy  people  seek  their  secret  Nests, 

To  Rest  repair  the  ruminating  Beasts. 

Now  deep’ning  Shades  confess  th’  approach  of  Night, 
Imperfect  Images  elude  the  Sight : 

From  earthly  Objects  I remove  mine  Eye, 

And  view  with  Look  erect  the  vaulted  Sky  ; 

Where  dimly  shining  now  the  Stars  appear, 

At  first  thin-scatt’ring  thro’  the  misty  Air ; 

Till  Night  confirm’d,  her  jetty  Throne  ascends,  . 

Oil  her  the  Moon  in  clouded  State  attends. 

But  soon  unveil’d  her  lovely  Face  is  seen ; 

And  Stars  unnumber’d  wait  around  their  Queen  ; 
Rang’d  by  their  Maker's  Hand  in  just  Array, 

They  march  majestic  tliro’  th’  ethereal  Way. 

Are  these  bright  Luminaries  hung  on  high 
Only  to  please  with  twinkling  Rays  our  Eye  ; 


"4  J O’t . o ;,)  >/\  |,  j,/\ 


-n!?r  T-  .;b  .^r^'^tnifuK  :f:::ni.ib.7fi'? 
-nA  'C?q<tfs  ^3;  -v>|  iit-H/r  , 3X.  :7/^^:od)  ik  bnA 
nn  >H  frf'1  evinvo  >>ron  t/i^o  eJT 

^■sbi'.;,c5  bci/i  . nifpjH  vsbiim  nf 

'>a  ao  ^ib/folO-:»f:;vji  oHT 


; v;rlqsijb  to  T;9iiaV  ^dgiWd  A 
, V . ,rji  v/iiO  j}f7fv  r»o.tni^H  ‘■>biy/'  o?{,t  inodA 

• offi^  t^jiiuot  'niitvUj'J  ^ri2ns.(iO  ji  oft»^dr>  bn  A 
'Uiul  Jjjij  W3ir  I v/on  bo.A 
;uA  'Jd^  :^iio(n  >>tmf-ih  'loifiaiilO  J^an')  ono  woH 
,,v..  .'J-89qrf.‘ rih  --.'i.'iOiT.)  aoijlo'g  ?jit(  ifa  '/yn'S! 

fd  «jt>7.>/xi  Mir$fmvraO 

odJ  «OT£<i-.'(j  'Bid  10}  baA 
ifivyjB  r-fqoeq  -yrndq  odT 

T-'fl/JiiiT!«5L-':  ‘ ',  , iJfq.-t-;  )r:^H  oT 
)o  d'moiqqs  'fit  >?  iljro*)  'JOin'q^^b  v?o>I 

• ^df  tibL’bj  J-^dltiKjrnl 

^)£jif;t  :>70UJ^>1  I fc;'>:^jdd  '^WhjSy  mo'il 
, y/ia  Mfit  j'jTiv  ;{o»jlT  tjd'h  7/oiv  biiA 

,-Uyqqa  aii5T>  ed)  won  )^£ii/fid8  7i-jxiW 

s v?A  “i^jaiai  'idt  Vri/lf  2.^3'^) 

, ,nbfmA-:a  aaoiilX  .b'mtiliiov  3%i^  lUT 

.Bbfu*yjn  otiJja  ^^d;:.o;7  in  Oifh  riO 


vbvoi  VM'i  tAib^Ymbwao';  ml': 

^Vp  ll  idi  b.UfOTii  dx.:  //  }/i^  fll^if^iiia  5^1^, 

^.47 A irnVfri  1)xj4uH 


»%;{j  tin  X./:i;,j  ./ihi.dih^fSjJ  hi^h/f  •''JA 

'.  yyJ  7;,(r,  ■..7i;J'(  'jitHi/niv/Jf  ‘v'.r-'q  0/  yjfd> 


■a'v  ;, 


,TOM 


248 


A JOURNEY  FROM 


Or  may  we  rather  count  each  Star  a Sun^ 

Round  which  full  peopled  Woi'lds  their  courses  run  ? 
Orb  abov^e  Orb  L.armoniously  they  steer 
Their  various  Yoyages  thro’  Seas  of  Air. 

Snatch  me  some  Angel  to  those  high  Abodes, 

The  Seats  perhaps  of  Saints  and  Demigods! 

Where  such  as  bravely  scorn’d  the  galling  Yoke 
Of  vulgar  Error,  and  her  Fetters  broke; 

Where  Patriots,  who  to  fix  the  publick  Good, 

In  Fields  of  Battle  sacrific’d  their  Blood  ; 

Where  pious  Priests,  who  Charity  proclaim’d, 

And  Poets  whom  a virtuous  Muse  enflam’d, 
Philosophers  who  strove  to  mend  our  Hearts, 

And  such  as  polished  Life  with  useful  Arts, 

Obtain  a Place  ; when  by  the  Hand  of  Death 
Touch’d,  they  retire  from  this  poor  Speck  of  Earth  ; 
Their  Spirits  freed  from  bodily  alloy 
Perceive  a Fore-taste  of  that  endless  Joy, 

Which  from  Eternity  hath  been  prepar’d, 

To  crown  their  Labours  with  a vast  Reward. 

While  to  these  Orbs  my  wand’ring  Thoughts  aspire, 
A falling  Meteor  shoots  his  lambent  Fire  ; 

Thrown  from  the  hoav’nly  Space  he  seeks  the  Earth, 
From  whence  he  first  deriv’d  his  humble  Birth. 

The  Mind  advis’d  by  this  instructive  Sight, 
Descending  sudden  from  th’  aerial  Height, 

Obliges  me  to  view  a different  Scene, 

Of  more  Importance  to  myself,  tho’  mean. 

These  distant  Objects  I no  more  pursue, 

But  turning  inward  my  refiective  View, 

Mv  working  I\uicv  helps  me  to  survey 
in  the  just  Picture  pl'lhi.^  April  Daij, 


'fcrf  ■ V5.?>'5W h.  * ‘:f  ■ ; ■ 

% nun  i w\  ifwri w basioH 

■ ■X'Mr7>iK>fff0«nfj.'l>hO 

iff  Rwchfiv  'imlt 

,BitU^k  dalif  5>?io Jj  0$  hp^tK  otaoa  tm  chUa3 
' \ Mii  «q«ihoq  ^>nT !' 

oioY  tirtlJ  b^iww  7f>7J**id  H/i  60m  tn'MlV/ 

' ''  ' ’ JxH)0  ;)tfi  j:.a  Of  ofCf ',%'^oWUA.  »todV/ 

; iboof6:  offtisa  fo  «I 

,b’.OTUIwq  YihudO  offw  umt%tno£7f 

.Umnfiao  ^vwuwtxky  morf  /r  huA 
:.':v^v  ^-::.x&-Mwo  Of  oWtM  ctlv/  s^t>Ac^oUA^ 

, ^i.^'Hwkq  ««  ibua  hnk 

■ bcsflll '»bf)  srt  fsmtaO 

* tUiJiH  lo  i-:>»q3  nooii  W'fli  ^ t^ifi  JffbuoT 
:; ' r:^'':,L,vi'  nbtfT 

' ,^^01  e^.3lluin  ixidno  »Jar4*slo^i  a oviomol 
,b''jm|i>'iq  fiood  Htefl  7ffa*it>lH:  monl  thld  ff 
.tovroH  iaAV  a rifb'  nioilf  iiwoio  oT 

?Jrf^tioriT  yih'harrff  \m  ?^(hO  ^jdt  of  otidW  ^ 
iur*dmi^l  aJooib 

,(}ft.Kvi  ndJ  »';boa  od  oo«qB  ^Irt'vxj'Off  inoil  iiWondT 
.rffria  eldttiutf  Rhl  f/vhob  ml\  moiH 

,fdi4i«5  •Jvrbtnfam  feblf  bVdvho  biu\A  »dT 

... 

' ' *odl'  'ol''oon^ 

.'OU'-'iiTfq  .'ii'ot'rf  on  I ?^l77|j:Ui-‘f  oJ'idl 

' ,wos7'  vm  foH 

*/’ynV‘ii  0S  0f(i  TOO f-  i ’jjfdi^'ioY/'vM 

\viA\  \yu\h  'idi  h Jauipd  J a I 


PATAPSCO  TO  ANNAPOLIS. 


249 


Mj  life  overpast,  a Course  of  thirty  Years 

Blest  with  few  joys,  perplex’d  with  nura’rous  Cares. 

In  the  dim  Twilight  of  our  In  fancy, 

Scarce  can  the  Eye  surrounding  Objects  see. 

Then  thoughtless  Childhood  leads  us  pleas’d  and  gay, 
In  Life’s  fair  Morning  thro’  a flow’ry  Way  : 

The  Youth  in  Schools  inquisitive  of  Good, 

Science  pursues  thro’  Learning's  mazy  Wood  ; 
Whose  lofty  Trees,  he,  to  his  Grief  perceives. 

Are  often  bare  oi  Fruit,  and  only  fill’d  with  Leaves; 
Thro’  lonely  Wilds  his  tedious  Journey  lies, 

At  last  a brighter  Prospect  cheers  his  Eyes  ; 

Now  the  gay  Fields  of  Poetry  he  views, 

And  joyous  listens  to  the  tuneful  Muse: 

Now  History  affords  him  vast  Delight. 

And  opens  lovel}'  Landscapes  to  his  Sight  : 

But  ah  ! too  soon  this  Scene  of  Pleasure  flies  ! 

And  o’er  his  Head  tempestuous  Troubles  rise. 

He  hears  the  Thunders  roll,  he  feels  the  Pains, 

Before  a friendly  shelter  he  obtains  ; 

And  thence  beholds  with  Grief  the  furious  Storm 
The  noon-tide  Beauties  of  his  Life  deform  ; 

He  views  the  painted  Bow  in  distant  Skies  ; 

Hence,  in  his  Heart  some  Gleams  of  Comfort  rise  ; 

He  hopes  the  Gust  has  almost  spent  its  Force, 

And  that  he  safely  may  pursue  his  Course. 

Thus  far  my  Life  does  with  the  Day  agree. 

Oh  ! may  its  coming  Stage  from  Storms  be  free, 
While  passing  thro’  the  World’s  most  private  Way, 
With  Pleasure  I my  MakePs  Works  survey  ; 

^V''ith  in  inv  Heart  let  Peace  a Dwelling  find, 

^ -i 

TiOt  my  Goodwill  exiond  to  all  Mankind: 


\ 

i 

! 

I 

1 

I 

! 


■inAlHi’ 


4.  4?«4qm^  ©III  xU 
m'i  .rf*hr  J«»fa  '■ 

lim  snito 

,^«3  Im«  b’m^i^  9u  8ha«^l  ff 

''-■~M'^M:y^Umm  :&kml9&:  iii^Mv»<s^>  &dT^T^i 

i Im>oW 

^ «iii  «&liW  ^ 

^ ( ftsTat:  af«I _4g«q«St^  T9tfi ;a  M 

' , . ';  *'®'^ w ‘ ,^^Vi*i0'*i:-‘l4'  Qfit  imfi 

{i  >.  Z.  * nnVi  lM\ft4^^Viiifl  0 motJfit  baA 

■ ■ ' ' ' ^ nbic'^Jt  woH 

! fwwa  enufte^fl^lo  ewS  ^|{i  ci^?i  ! ifa  liiiff 
.afth  8»ldf/atTi^e.t;oyil^!qf  bjaoH  aid  i»*o  teA 
,«fliitH  0iti  »d  ,ll<«  m^katfd%  ttl$  tm^iiASt 

aai^lda  lylbcfe  v(!>0  jt  ^ 

un^lS  aoohi/>  9^1  ImO  dfiw  sfetodod  MA  J? 

<rt  Af  .^14  iwflJ 

-hI*  aw^ 

; *>ari  Hic^<0oO%  amadlO  410^  i^aH  wii  ,wooH 
,(^ol 

.&'0ob  »lif  dd 

\fiiCl  »«|.|  ^«t  a»df 

^^nmw ' tsrf, 

ya V/  o^'ayjVi  toiid .,  a' 

; X(«  i 

l>«d  ^rtifbwXI  ^ 

t V>«ii,«nw.  }l«  f 


■iSr- 

is 


'■^  'hm 


250 


A JOURNEY  FROM 


Freed  from  Necessity,  and  blest  with  Health ; 

Give  me  Content,  let  others  toil  for  Wealth, 

In  busy  Scenes  of  Life  let  me  exert 
A careful  Hand,  and  wear  an  honest  Heart; 

And  suffer  me  my  leisure  Hours  to  spend, 

With  chosen  Books,  or  a well-natur’d  Friend. 

Thus  journeying  on,  as  I advance  in  Age 
May  I look  back  with  Pleasure  on  my  Stage ; 

And  as  the  setting  Sun  withdrew  his  Light 
To  rise  on  other  Worlds  serene  and  bright, 

Cheerful  may  I resign  my  vital  Breath, 

Nor  anxious  tremble  at  th’  approach  of  Death  ; 

Which  shall  (I  hope)  but  strip  me  of  my  Clay, 

And  to  a better  World  my  Soul  convey. 

Thus  musing,  I my  silent  Moments  spend, 

Till  to  the  River-s  Margin  I descend. 

From  whence  I may  discern  my  Journey's  End  : 
Anyiapolis  adorns  its  further  Shore, 

To  which  the  Boat  attends  to  bear  me  o’er. 

And  now'  the  moving  Boat  the  Flood  divides, 

While  the  Stars  “tremble  on  the  floating  Tides,” 
Pleas’d  w'ith  the  Sight,  again  I raise  mine  Eye 
To  the  bright  Glories  of  the  azure  Sky; 

And  while  these  Works  of  God’s  creative  Hand, 

The  Moon  and  Stars,  that  move  at  his  Command, 
Obedient  thro’  their  circling  Course  on  high. 

Employ  my  Sight,  Struck  with  amaze  I cry. 
Almighty  Lord!  Whom  Heav’n  and  Earth  proclaim. 
The  Author  of  their  universal  Frame, 

Wilt  thou  vouchsafe  to  view'  the  Son  of  Man,. 

The  Creature,  wdio  but  Yesterday  began, 

Thru’  animated  Clay  to  draw  his  Breatii, 
y'O'Uiorrmv  doom’d  a Prey  to  ruthless  Death  ? 


'*Mi^  df$^  bjtfB  af^  bf^m 

i vt»jSrW«p^i^  iT«^iiiW  f)ofi 

f>di^.i&|L£i«  bffA 

,,^  X «4r'‘  no  ^rrb^dOTltijt^iidT" 

j o^felS  dil%  i!>»d  jJool  I 

“^^ji^hd  afclToW  ii&iii<i  «o  4«N  oT 

; It)  rf0iW)Ti£rif"d)  i«  ©IdfiOMi  ^uoixcii  loK 


,\r»yO  ^{mloSi  <ihia  iod  (a^^dtiy  Uadr  dwtfW  4:|^ 
(fj  ,i^ov^a6t)  « oi-^bcM^  ■*^t; 


bilik'  fllSSWfe'''^*  I,®*®^'*'  ®®*% 

^ <nod8^t>clJ?*e^^,^  »iitbb«  »Uoq©««k 

9ili  dMyr  oT 

\«^bi’?ii)X)06l'5  |t<W70«i  fiwfl  wf«X)(CA.| 

; 9t2i:'wte  «K2l^:lvi*iii?^'^#  A ^ 

?tbtren  xS  jdtjW  Wj  oUdv^lmX^ 

,brmwfCfo0^aiil  o^oof  bn*  itooXi  ^T 


,d|?d  «o'Ba4i^f)S  ’otdl  ta^ilb^P  ^.. 


t rfiw*i<l  ^^iWdtiri  t)i 


?■' 


PATAPSGO  TG  ANNAPOLIS.  251 

Tremendom  God!  May  I not  justly  fear, 

That  I,  unworthy  Object  of  thy  Care, 

Into  this  World  from  thy  bright  Presence  tost, 

Am  in  th’  Immensity  of  Nature  lost ! 

And  that  my  Notions  of  the  World  above, 

Are  but  Creations  of  my  own  Self-Love! 

To  feed  my  coward  Heart,  afraid  to  Die, 

With  fancied  Feasts  of  Immortality  ! 

These  thoughts,  which  thy  amazing  Works  suggest, 
Oh  glorious  Father,  rack  my  troubled  Breast. 

Yet,  Gracious  God,  reflecting  that  my  Frame 
From  Thee  deriv’d  in  animating  Flame, 

And  that  what  e’er  I am,  however  mean. 

By  thy  Command  I enter’d  on  this  Scene 
Of  Life,  thy  wretched  Creature  of  a Day, 

Condemn’d  to  travel  thro’  a tiresome  Way; 

Upon  whose  Banks  (perhaps  to  cheer  my  Toil) 

I see  thin  Yerdures  rise,  and  Daisies  smile  ; 

Poor  Comforts  these,  my  Pains  t’  alleviate  ! 

While  on  my  Head  tempestuous  Troubles  beat. 

And  must  I,  when  I quit  this  earthly  Scene, 

Sink  total  into  Death,  and  never  rise  again  ? 

No  sure, — These  Thoughts  which  in  my  Bosom  roll 
Must  issue  from  a never  dying  Soul; 

These  active  Thoughts  that  penetrate  the  Sky, 
Excursive  into  dark  Futurity ; 

Which  hope  eternal  Happiness  to  gain. 

Could  never  be  bestow’d  on  Man  in  vain. 

To  Thee,  0 Father,  fill’d  with  fervent  Zeal, 

And  sunk  in  humble  Silence  I appeal ; 

Take  me,  ray  great  Creator,  to  Thy  Care, 

And  gracious  listen  lu  my  ardent  Prayer  ! 


I 

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252 


A JOURNEY,  ETC. 


j ' Supreme  of  Beings,  omnipresent  Power  ! 

• j My  great  Preserver  from  my  natal  Hour, 

I Fountain  of  Wisdom,  boundless  Deity, 

I Omniscient  God,  my  Wants  are  known  to  TheCf 

j With  Mercy  look  on  mine  Infirmity  ! 

'j  Whatever  State  thou  shalt  for  me  ordain, 

I Whether  my  Lot  in  Life  be  Joy  or  Pain; 

I Patient  let  me  sustain  thy  wise  Decree, 

j And  learn  to  know  myself,  and  honour  thee. 


^iwoH  Ui^Ui-.i  vjfi  iKoit 
' ,7ti»<f  ^iHofeglW  lo  uixij«uo*5 

^HiVt  o)  nwoirJ  ?n^  .^uw'U  /in  ,W^>  U-'M^VT^inO 
! l 9«f«i  co  ioof  shiW 

,j4iiil>ia  0UI  :ui  3?ojU  <»I8j8  wdt^d  W 
to  \io\>  fKl  uVd  al  Joj  vidl^xJW 
,'j^rtt*dO[  0un  7dt  ahmm  oca  )of  iaoi^an 
. iotij  “tisoitoA  i>i)8  ot  ataoi  jba/v' 


■ ■ 't  ■ 

'V 


INDEX 


Abbot,  Archbishop,  opinion  of  Lord 
Baltimore,  lib. 

Act  concerning  Religion,  84. 

Adams,  Rev.  Alexander,  190. 

Addisons  of  Oxon  Hall,  186. 

Alexander,  Sir  William,  49. 

Altliam,  Father  John,  61,  69,  70,  71,  72. 
Alsop,  George,  his  description  of  Mary- 
land, 214. 

Annapolis,  79,  S:l,  84,  200,  205,  225. 
Anderson,  chaplain  of  Victoria,  ISO. 
Apostolic  succession,  146. 

Ark,  ship,  prepares  for  Maryland,  58, 
is  pursued,  59. 
arrives  at  St.  Mary,  63. 

Arundel.  Anne,  marries  Cecil  Calvert, 
25. 

her  epitaph,  88. 

Earl,  25,  37. 

William,  prefers  charges  against 
Cecil  Baltimore,  106. 

Asbury,  Bishop  Francis,  219. 

Ashmore,  William,  killed,  99. 

Assembly  of  ilaryland  on  oatlis,  86. 
commend  Rev.  Wm.  Thompson,  82. 
of  1650,  87. 

defend  Margaret  Brent,  113. 
Association  for  defense  of  Protestant 
religion,  174. 

Avalon,  colony  of,  28,  37,  103. 

Bacon,  Lord,  23, 186. 

Rev.  Thomas,  182,  218. 

Birltimore,  first  Lord,  George  Calvert, 
227. 

early  life.  10,  11. 
clerk  of  Privy  Council,  14. 
assists  King  James,  l.j. 
commissioner  for  Ireland,  17. 
in  charge  of  Italian  and  Spanish 
correspondence,  15. 

Secretary  of  State,  15,  16. 
kiiigiited.  16. 

tukos  RaU  igh’s  manuacripts,  16. 


Baltimore,  first  Lord,  George  Calvert, 
presents  from  King  James,  IT. 
defends  the  King,  22,  23,  24. 
disputes  with  Coke,  23. 
member  of  Parliament,  22,  27,  227. 
death  of  wife,  25,  55,  229. 
children  of,  16,  55,  229. 
letter  to  Buckingham.  26. 
letter  from  Wentworth,  27. 
member  of  Virginia  Com{)any,  27. 
commences  Newfoundland  colony, 
28. 

unhappy  after  failure  of  Spanish 
match,  31. 

resigns  Secretaryship,  32, 33,  34, 36. 
made  Baron  of  Baltimore,  35,  228. 
visits  Ijondon,  .37. 
pcepares  for  Newfoundland,  88. 
object  of  Newfoundland  colony,  39., 
arrival  there,  40. 
returns  to  England,  41. 
revisits  Newfoundland,  41. 
fights  the  tTencli,  42. 
thanks  King  for  a ship,  43. 
truuble  in  Newfoundlaud,  45. 
first  visit  to  Virginia,  45. 
letter  from  King  wishing  him  to 
give  up  colonizing,  45. 
deserts  Avalon,  103. 
asks  lor  a grant  in  Virginia,  47. 
wislus  his  lady  to  return  from  Vir- 
ginia, 47. 

is  called  a liar,  49. 
letter  to  Wentworth,  49. 
grants  from  King.  50.  228. 
letter  on  death  of  wife  of  Went- 
worth, 50. 

prepares  charter  of  Maryland,  53. 
its  monarcliical  featur«',  53. 
his  lands  in  Ireland,  228. 

King  Charles's  letter  introducing 
him  to  Falkland,  228. 
his  death.  55.  2i\». 

Baltimore,  secoud  Lord,  Cecil  Calvert, 
56.  5S,  :i3i). 


22 


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1^54 


INDEX. 


Baltimore,  second  Lord,  Cecil  Calvert, 
appoints  John  Lewger  secretary, 
69. 

Invites  Massachusetts  men  to  settle 
in  Maryland,  79. 

prejudiced  against  Kev.  M'm.  Tomp- 
son, 82. 

vacillates  between  King  and  Par- 
liament, Sd. 

commissions  Edward  Gibbons,  of 
Boston,  as  admiral,  ST.  117. 
appeals  to  Privy  Council  relative 
^ to  Maryland  grant,  95. 

' King  Charles  states  why  he  gave 
him  Maryland,  07. 
wishes  to  be  governor  of  Virginia, 
lul. 

alarmed  about  his  charter,  103. 
letter  from  Secretary  Kemp,  of  Vir- 
ginia, 105. 

charges  against,  106. 
letter  to  Maryland  Jesuits.  107. 
appointed  Collector  of  Virginia, 
108. 

before  House  of  Lords,  112. 
yields  to  Parliament,  114. 
charges  against  Ingle,  115. 
instructs  Governor  Stone  to  resist 
Parliament  officers,  119. 
claims  tiiat  31aryland  is  not  cava- 
lier, 120. 

complains  of  the  shooting  of  Stone’s 
soldiers,  126.  \J 

agreement  with  Maryland  Com-  ’ 
mi.ssioners,  127.  ’ 

arrested  for  coining  money,  129, 
regrets  appointment  of  Governor 
Fendall.  157. 
his  marriage,  2:50. 
w'ife's  death,  88. 
member  of  Parliament,  23o. 
letters  to  Wentworth,  GO,  230, 
his  death.  165,  230. 

BaUlnu>re,  t lird  Lord,  Charles  Calvert, 
231. 

rejily  to  Rev.  J.  Yeo,  lo'^. 
witli  wife  at  tjuaker  meeting.  142. 
visits  Butch  on  Bel.iware,  162. 
Governor  of  Maryland,  165,  231. 
visit  from  Wm.  Penn,  165. 
meets  Peiiu  at  New  Castle,  166. 
sends  Col.  Talbot  to  Delaware, 
167. 

retinned  to  England,  168. 
before  Plantation  Committee,  169. 
not  in  favor  with  King,  169. 

Father  Petre  opposes,  169. 
accused  of  conspiracy,  171.  ' 
deprived  of  politiinil  power,  178, 
his  marriage.  2.31. 
first  \sife  de.scribeJ,  142. 

Ueatli.  232. 


Baltimore,  fourth  Lord,  BeneiUct  l.eo- 
nard  Calvert,  232. 
marriage,  232. 
separation  from  wife,  232. 
t>ecomes  a Protestant,  232. 
his  death,  233. 
his  children,  2-33. 

Baltimore,  fifth  Lord,  Charles  Calvert, 
233. 

marriage,  233. 
offices  held,  233. 
visits  Maryland,  205,  234. 
his  death,  2^34. 
children,  234. 

Baltimore,  last  Lord,  Frederick  Cal- 
vert, 235. 
marriage,  235. 
disgraceful  conduct,  235. 
his  writing.s,  2.3-5,  236. 
death,  236. 

Bancroft,  Bishop,  75. 

Banneker,  Benjamin,  204. 

Baptism  of  Indian  chief,  70. 
slaves,  146. 

Barber.  Dr.  Luke,  123. 

B.arratt’s  chapel.  220. 

Barre,  John  de  la,  94. 

Bassett,  Richard,  220. 

Bassetts,  the,  197. 

Bayard,  Peter,  naturali2ed,  164. 

Ccl.,  197. 

Bayne,  Walter.  139,  193. 

Baxter,  John,  61. 

Beale,  James,  197. 

John,  190,  193. 

Col.  Ninian,  193.  x 
Beard,  Richard,  140. 

Beeckman,  Dutch  Gov.,  on  Delaware, 
sends  to  Manhattan  for  wine  to 
entertain  Gov.  Charles  Calvert, 
169. 

Bellson,  John,  kille.l,  99. 

Bennett,  Gov.  Richard,  74,  117,  124, 
129,  ICO. 

grandson  of  Gov.,  largest  slav»»- 
iiolder  in  Maryland,  ICO,  2ol. 

‘ Belt,  Col.  Joseph,  190. 

Berkelev.  Gov.  of  Virginia,  78,  SO,  92, 
I 105,  109,  ICO. 

Birkhead,  Abraham,  137. 

Blankenstein,  William,  164,  178. 
Bouchelle.  Dr.  Peter,  197. 

Boucher,  Rev.  Jonatlian,  royalist,  184 
! anti-slavery  .sent intents,  ISo. 

i leaves  the  province,  ISO. 

I Boundary  .iisputes,  157-170. 

Rourdiilon,  Rev.  Mr.,  209. 

I Bowles,  J.aiues,  1S9. 
i Bowna.s,  Samuel,  150,  154. 

Bozmari.  Tlios.,  190. 

Bradford,  Co!.  Jolm.  l90. 

Bray,  Rev.  l»r.  Thos..  I'O. 


■i 


INDEX. 


255 


' 


Brent,  Giles,  107, 108.  I 

Margaret,  81, 112, 113. 

Brevard,  John,  197.  i 

Brock,  Father,  71,  72. 

Brogden,  liev.  \Vm  , 181.  I 

Brooke,  Baker,  133. 

Mrs.,  133. 

Robert,  119. 

Brown.  Gustavus,  189. 

Buckingham,  Duke  of,  15,  25. 

letter  from  Lord  Baltimore,  41. 
Burnaby,  Archdeacon,  description  of 
Aun.apolis,  205. 

Calamy's  opinion  of  Rev.  Mr.  Hill,  149. 
Calvert,  Anna,  wife  of  Wm.  Pesisley,  55. 
Benedict  Leonard,  2.33. 

Benjamin  or  Benedict,  209, 210, 234. 
Caroline,  wife  of  Gov.  Eden,  2^34. 
Dorothy.  230. 

Edward  Henry,  233. 

Elizabeth,  230, 

Francis,  230. 

George,  brother  of  Leonard.  65,  60, 
61,  229.  / 

Grace,  wife  of  Sir  R.  Talbot,  55, 230. 
Leonard,  Governor  of  Maryland, 
43,  63,  66,  70,  79.  81,  05,  9S,  l08, 
110,  111,  112,  114,  229. 

Louisa,  wife  of  John  Browning.  234. 
Philip,  Governor  of  Maryland,  55, 
128,  161,  230. 

Samuel,  227. 

George,  see  Baltimore,  first. 
Cecilius,  “ second. 

Charles,  “ third. 

Benedict  Leonard,  see  Baltimore^ 
fourth. 

Charles,  sec  Baltimore,  fifth. 

. Frederick,  *•  sixth. 
Canterbury,  Archbishop,  letter  from 
Rev.  J.  Yeo,  133. 

Carpenter,  Samui  l,  148. 

Carr,  Sir  Robert,  152. 

Carroll,  Chas.,  meditates  retiring  to 
the  Arkansas  River,  215. 
of  Carrolton,  217. 

Christopher,  67. 

Cavendisi),  Ia)rd,  28,  30. 

Cay,  Rev.  Jonathan,  100. 

Cecil,  Sir  Robert,  11. 

Chalmers.  GeiWge,  opinion  of  Maryland 
charter,  54. 

Charles,  Prince,  and  Spanish  match,  23. 
the  Fii'st,  letter  to  Geo.  Baltimore, 

45. 

names  the  province  Terra  Ma- 
ri te,  53. 

appoints  Will.  Davenant,  the 
pot't.  Gov.  of  Maryland,  8S. 
Chandler,  a r.runcillor,  13.3. 

Chajad  ot  .8t..'Iary,  10*>. 


Charter  of  Maryland  anti-republican, 
i 53. 

i Chase,  Rev.  Mr.,  216. 

1 Hon.  Samuel,  delegate  to  Congress, 

1 217. 

Cheseldyn,  Kenelm,  177. 

Chew,  Samuel,  147. 

Chillingworth,  Dr.  Will.,  makes  Rev. 
jno.  Lewger  a Roman  Catholic, 
68,  69. 

Christerson,  Wenlock,  135,  140. 
Christmas  in  York,  20. 

Church  of  England  established  in 
colony,  178. 
oppressive,  180. 
ministers.  181. 

Clayborne,  IVilliam,  50,  72,  94,  95,  96, 
98.  100,  102,  104,  105,  106,  109, 
117, 130, 131. 

Clarke,  William,  150. 

Clavton,  IVilliam,  190. 

€litrord,Lord,  18. 

Cloberrv,  Will.,  94. 

Coke,  sir  Edward,  22,  24. 

Thos.,  LL.D.,  arrives  in  Maryland, 

220. 

dines  with  Wa.shington,  221. 

' Colbatch.  Rev.  Joseph,  189. 

College,  Clerkenwell,  62. 

Cokesbury,  222. 

Col  man,  Rev.  Benjamin,  196. 

Colonists,  early,  66,  67. 

Colony,  Maryland,  commercial,  not  re- 
ligious, CO. 

Colvin,  Thomas.  209,  210. 

Comegys,  Cornelius,  naturalized,  16L 
Commissioners  of  Parliament  arrive. 
121. 

surrender  the  colony  to  the  Pro- 
prietary, 128. 

Indian,  at  I.aociister,  Pa..  208. 
Congregationalistsin  Virginia,74,75,78. 

'.Maryland,  79.  81,  82. 

Conn,  Rev.  Mr.,  106. 

Continental  Congrcs.s.  217. 

Convicts  shipped  to  .Maryland,  203. 

school  teachers,  212. 

Coode,  John,  his  cliaractor,  173. 
attacks  St.  Mary,  174. 

Mattap.any,  175. 
head  of  new  government,  176. 
letter  to  Leisler,  of  New  York,  178. 
Cool  Springs,  141. 

Copley.Gov.  Lyonol,  178, 

Father  Thoma.s,  69,  70. 
his  house,  lU7. 

Cornburv,  Lord,  imprisoni  Makemie, 
105. 

Cornman,  John,  convicted  of  witch- 
craft. 14U. 

Cornwallis.  Tho’nas,  W.  61,  66,  09. 

. Cotton.  Sir  Robert.  lil>rarv  of,  22. 


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256 


INDEX. 


Coorsov,  Mr.,  123. 

Crailock,  Kev.  Thos.,  181,  209. 
Cranfield,  Edwani.  61. 

Creager,  Capt..  at  New  Anistel,*15P. 
visits  Kent  Lsland, 

Crescentia,  name  intended  for  Mary- 
land, 5.3. 

Cromwell.  Oliver,  approves  of  the  course 
of  Maryland  Commissioners,  125. 
Sir  Harry,  Jl. 

Cnlpepper,  Ia>rd,  140. 

Curtis,  Captain  Edward  117. 

Custis,  John  Parke,  11,  1S3. 

Cuthead,  Richard,  174. 

Cutts,  Capt.  John,  123. 

Darcv,  Sir  Francis,  21. 

Ix)rd,  19. 

Dalryniple,  Sir  John,  54. 

Lariiall,  Henry,  174,  177. 

Davenant,  Sir  Will.,  ttic  poet,  88. 
Daw.son,  William,  kilNd,  99. 

Do  Costa  naturalized,  U>4. 

Denham,  Rev.  Renjamin,  chaplain  in 
Turkey,  89. 

De  la  Gninge,  Arnold,  naturalized,  164. 
Do  la  Warr.  Lord,  100. 

Dennis,  Captain,  117. 

Dent,  George,  189. 

Desjardins  naturalized,  16-t. 

De  Vries  describes  naval  fight  in  Vir- 
ginia, 109. 

arrival  in  Delaware  River,  158. 
D’Hvnioss,a,  Ale.vander,  159,  162,  163, 
164. 

Digges,  Col.,  174. 

Dorrell,  Thomas,  61. 

Dorsey,  Col.  John,  189. 

Doughty.  Rev.  Francis,  in  New  Eng- 
land, 134. 

at  Manh.attan,  134. 

JIary  marries  Vanderdonck,  134. 
second  hmsband,  Hugh  O’Neal, 
134. 

Dove,  the  ship,  58. 
pursued,  59. 
sails  for  Do.ston,  64. 
crew  disi.irderly,  05. 

Dowd.-ill,  Major  Jolm.  191. 

Dream  of  Indian  chief.  66. 
l>umm>ind,  Capt.,  of  Virgini.a,  154. 

Duel  of  Harrison  and  Stevens,  30. 
Dnlheld,  Edward,  ls4. 

Dulany.  D.iniel,  216). 

DiippL-r’a  stinking  beer,  30. 

Duten  .Settlements  on  Delaware,  153. 
Durand,  Elder  William,  c23,  122. 

Earle,  .Tames,  191. 

F.den,  Capt.  Tbos.,  letter  from,  207. 

Governor,  bi.s  deaiii.  234. 

Ednhston,  Archibald,  197- 


Edmondes,  Sir  Tbos.,  12. 

Edmondson  describes  yearly  meetings. 


account  of  Labadists,  152. 
visits  Major-General  Bennett,  130. 
Education  neglected,  212. 

Eliot,  Rev.  John,  77. 

Eltonhead,  agent  lor  Cecil  Baltimore, 

122. 

shot,  124. 

Elzey,  boundary  commissioner,  161. 
Enncls,  Major  Henry,  190. 

Erickson  naturalized,  164. 

.Evans,  Rev.  Evan,  ISO. 

Evernden,  Thomas.  149. 

Eversfield,  Rev.  John,  181. 


Fairfax,  Charles  Snowden,  10. 

Geo.  William,  207. 

Dr.  John,  210. 

Lord  and  General,  IS,  20,  S4,  114. 
Rev.  Brian.  10. 

Thomas,  of  Virginia,  10. 

Faithorne,  artist  and  engraver,  164. 
Fendall,  Governor  of  Maryland,  128,157. 
Ferry,  Patapsco,  208. 

Fisher,  Edward.  148. 

Father  Philip,  62,  72. 

Fitzherbert,  Father  Francis,  13.3. 
Fitzhugh,  Col..  208. 

Fleet,  Capt.  Henry,  63. 

Fooks,  Thomas,  149. 

Fountaiiie,  Nicholas,  naturalized,  164. 
Fox,  George,  his  arrival,  13.6. 
at  Cliffs  of  Calvert,  136. 

Dr.  Peter  Sharpe's.  1.37, 

James  Preston'.s,  137. 

Eastern  Shore,  137. 
visits  the  Assembly,  138. 
Francisco,  earlj"  slave.  69. 

Franklin,  Benjamin,  184. 

Freeman,  Wiliiam,  187. 

Friends.  Society  of.  see  Quakers. 

Fuller,  Captain,  123. 


Gale,  Levin.  100. 

Galloway,  Jane,  144. 

John,  144. 

Samuel,  144. 

Gerard.  Richard,  61. 

Thomas,  73,  1.57, 

Gervase,  Father  Thom.as,  61. 

Gibbons,  Edward,  Major-General,  79, 
86,  87. 

Glasgow,  Rev.  Patrick,  191. 

Golden  Lion,  ship,  123. 

Gohisborougli,  Robert,  19<\ 

Gondomar,  Count,  16>,  37. 

Goodman,  Bishop,  opinitm  of  Lord  Bfd- 
tiinore.  36. 

Gookins,  Daui.  1,  27,  74,  76,  77,  8T,  12-3. 
Governor,  of  iViinsylvanu,  77. 


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INDEX. 


257 


Goald,  Daniel,  135. 

Gravener,  Father,  61,  70. 

Gray,  Joseph,  190, 

Green,  Henry,  61. 

Gov.  Thos.,  113. 

Greenfield,  T.  Truman,  189. 

Grillith  & Co.,  complaint,  63. 

Hacket,  Father,  41. 

Hall,  Rev.  Henry,  145. 

Hamilton,  James,  gives  a ball,  210. 
William,  ISO. 

Hammond  versus  Heamans,  126. 

Christopher,  189. 

Hanson,  Hans,  naturalized,  164. 
Samuel,  189. 

Harford,  Heury.  heir  of  Frederick  Bal- 
timore, 2-37. 

Harri.s,  James,  189. 

Capt.  Wm.,  176. 

Harrison,  George,  duel  of,  30. 

Capt.  Joseph,  189. 

Robert,  189. 

Rev.  Thomas,  78,  SO,  83,  84,  90,  92, 
117. 

Hayman,  Robert,  41,  42,  44,  57. 
Hawley,  Gabriel,  69. 

Jerome,  60,  61,  72,  101, 102. 
Heamans,  Capt.  Roger,  123. 

Heerman,  Augustine,  157, 158,1.59, 160, 
162,  164. 

Heigh,  James.  190. 

Henderson,  Rev.  Jacob,  181,  190. 
Henry,  Jol-.n,  195. 

Rev.  John,  195. 

Robert  Jenkins.  195. 

Herbert,  William,  144. 

Higgins.  R - v.  Theophilns,  13, 14. 

Hill,  Gov.  Edward,  110. 

Capt.  John,  61,  74. 

Rev.  Matthew,  139, 193. 

Richard,  155, 

Hoby,  Sir  Edward,  13,  14. 

Holmes,  Capt.  George,  seizes  Fort  Xas- 
.sau.  158. 

Hr/oker,  Thomas.  142. 

Hooper,  Ca['t.  Henry,  190. 

Horn  Point,  battle  of,  123. 

Hospit.ality  of  i niouists,  206. 

Hou.se  of  Lords,  rejxjrt  on  Maryland, 

110. 

Howell,  Rev.  Thom.i.s,  190. 

Hmlson.  Capt.  .Johti,  191. 

Hiid-'ori's  River,  Maryland,  99. 

Ilungt  rford.  Baronet,  30. 

Hntciieson.  Rev.  Alex.,  197. 

Hutchins,  EUzabeih,  144. 

Hughes's,  Widow,  tavern,  208. 

Income  of  Proprietary,  1.56. 

In  iei  endLri''o.  ibi-ling  of,  214. 

Indian  cho  f’s  dieam,  66. 


Indian  village  purchased  by  Governor 
Calvert,  63. 

Indians,  massacre  in  Tirginia,  79,  80. 
murder  Gookius’s  servants,  77. 
Nova  Scotia,  48. 

Sioux,  79. 

Ingle,  Capt.  Richard,  108, 109,  115. 
Ingram,  Sir  Arthur,  20. 

Irish  Nell,  203. 

Israel,  John,  189. 

Jacob,  Rev.  Henry,  75. 

Jacobson  naturalized,  164. 

Jackson,  Edward,  191. 

James,  the  First,  14,  16, 17,  22. 

Second,  opposed  to  Cecil  Baltimore, 
172. 

Richard,  librarian  of  Sir  Robert 
Cotton,  46. 

Rev.  Thomas,  78,  79. 

Jarbo,  John,  naturalized,  164. 

Jenkins,  Col.  Francis,  195. 

Jennings,  Edmund,  209. 

Jesuits,  59,  61,  62,  69,  71. 

letter  from  Lord  Baltimore,  107. 
Johns,  Richard,  his  creed,  145. 
Johnson,  Mary,  148. 

Thomas,  191. 

Jones,  of  Somerset,  184, 

Jordan,  Capt.  .Justinian,  189. 

Keith,  George,  149. 

Kent  Island,  57,  71,  72,  94,  96,  97,  98, 

104. 

Kemp,  Richard,  Secretary  of  Tirginia, 

105. 

King,  Robert,  190,  195,  209. 

Kinnersley,  Professor,  154. 

Kirk,  Sir  David,  letter  to  Archbishop 
Laud,  103. 

Knight,  Steptoc,  191. 

Knowles,  Rev.  John,  78,  79,  90. 

Father  John,  61. 

Labadie,  sketch  of,  152. 

Labadists  on  Chester  River,  152. 
L.aboriiig  men,  the  first  settlers,  60. 
Lake,  Sir  Thomas,  21. 

Laud,  Archbishop,  letter  from  Sir  David 
Kirk,  10.3. 

Lane,  Walter.  149. 

William,  191. 

Lawrence,  Sir  Thomas,  154. 

Le  Count  naturalized,  164. 

J^e,  Col.  Richard,  118. 

Richard  Henry,  118. 

Leeds,  9. 

Leisler,  .Jacob,  Governor  of  New  York, 
176. 

Lewes,  Delaware,  1,'8,  150.  161,  164. 
Ijt'wis,  WilliaTii,  trial  ..f,  67. 
shot,  124. 


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258 


INDEX. 


Lewis,  Richard,  his  poem,  214, 239, 252. 
Lewger,  Rev.  John,  67,  68,  81,  89,  110. 
becomes  Roman  Catholic,  68. 
first  secretary  of  Maryland,  68. 
member  of  Assembly,  69. 

Ann,  his  wife.  67,  81. 

Literature,  few  votaries,  214. 

Lloyd,  Edward,  116,  118. 

Philemon,  191. 

Ix)ck,  IVilliam.  190. 

Lockerman,  Gustavus,  190. 

Longvyll,  Father,  40,  41. 

Lovell,  Lady,  13. 

Lovelace,  Governor,  of  New  York,  164. 
Lowe,  Capt.  Richard,  58,  60. 

Nicholas,  189. 

Maconchie,  Rev.  TTm.,  189. 

Mackall,  Benjamin,  190. 

Col.  John,  190. 

Magill,  Rev.  D.,  196. 

Makemie.  Rev.  Francis,  194. 
publications  of,  194. 
imprisoned.  195. 
letter  to  Colman,  195. 

Manokin  settlement,  161. 

Mariartee,  Caj.t.  I)aniel,  190. 

Marriage  of  white  women  with  blacks, 
203. 

Indian  chief,  70. 

Marslie,  IVitham,  his  journal,  209. 
JIartin,  Col.  Jame.s,  192. 

James,  Esq.,  192. 

Robert,  l9o. 

Maryland  eoIJitrs,  218. 

Ma.ss  celebrated,  106. 

Massacre  of  Schenectady,  177. 

Massey,  Rev.  Leigh,  189. 

Mattapany,  72. 

Matthews,  Col.  Sam.,  47,  93,  98,99,100, 
120,  129. 

Matthew,  Sir  Tobias,  35. 

Maverick,  Govertior,  00. 

Maynadier,  Rev.  Samuel,  182. 

Medcalf.  John,  61. 

Methodism,  its  rise  in  Maryland,  218. 
Methodist  churches,  number  of,  219. 
Mifflin,  Edward,  154. 

Milton,  John,  15,  89. 

Montague,  Lord,  70. 

Moorhead,  David.  94. 

Morris,  Doctor,  197. 

John  R-,  197.'^ 

RandiUl,  189. 

Nansemond,  74,  78,  SO,  83. 

Naval  engagement  in  James  River, 
109. 

Neale,  Archbishop,  74. 

Capt.  James.  74,  160. 

Nc-ill,  Doctor  Johi;.  192. 

Nichols,  Colonel,  1*^2. 


j Nicholls,  Amos,  178. 
j Rev.  Henry,  189. 

Nicholson,  Joshua,  150. 

Norfolk,  Upper,  74. 

Norris,  Isiiac,  148. 

Notley.  George,  190. 

Nova  Scotia  baronets,  49. 

Nye,  Rev.  Phil.,  68. 

Oates.  Titus,  171. 172. 

Oaths,  Assembly'  complain  of,  82. 
Oldham,  John,  190. 

Onancock,  Va.,  149. 

O'Neal,  Hugh,  134. 

Orme,  Rev.  Mr.,  196. 

Owen,  Dr.  GrifiSth,  145,  148. 

i Paca,  William,  217. 
j Paine,  John,  killed,  177. 

i Palmer.  Ed.,  57. 

Palmer’s  Isle,  57,  96,  102. 

Pancoast,  James,  kidnapped,  202. 
Panton,  Rev.  Anthony,  105,  106. 
Parliament  Commissioners,  117. 
Patapsco  Ferry,  208. 

Patronage  of  Proprietary,  217. 
Paupers  shipped  to  Maryland,  203. 

I Peabody,  George,  129. 
j Peurce,  Benjamin,  191. 

Gideon.  189. 

Peirslev,  William,  43,  55,  96,  101. 
Penn,  William,  73,  142,  155,  166,  167 
169. 

Pennington,  Admiral,  58. 

Pinkney,  William,  222,  223. 
Piscataway,  Indian  village,  63. 
Piscataways.  65. 

Pocomoke  River,  fight  in,  99. 

Poem,  by  Richard  Lewis,  239-252. 
Pool,  William.  43. 

P(Xir  whites,  211. 

Population  in  1676,  155. 

17cU,  155. 

1719,  294. 

1752,  211. 

Pory,  letter  about  Lord  Baltimore,'48. 
Poulet,  L;rdy,  presents  necklace  to  In 
dian  woman,  48. 

Presbyterian  immigration,  193. 

ministers,  194-197. 

Preston,  James,  137. 

Richard,  119,  122. 

Printing  press  first  in  colony,  174. 
Proprietari'-s.  sketch  of,  227-237. 
Protestant  Catholics,  73. 

Purnell.  Capt.  John,  191. 

Pym,  22,  24. 

Quakers  appear  in  Maryland,  ,135. 
yearly  meetings.  15' >,  151. 

' gtxxl  citizens,  155. 
oppressed,  179. 


INDEX.  259 


Kabnct,  Mr.,  7‘J, 

Kiileigh,  Sir  Walter,  Itt. 

Reade,  Goo.,  opinion  of  JenMut-  Haw- 
ley, 102 

Redemptiouers,  201. 

Religion,  act  concerning,  84,  85. 

neglected,  213. 

Revolution  of  lt>S0, 171. 

Richardson,  John,  142. 

William,  142. 

Robertson,  liev.  James,  190. 

Robins,  Rev.  John,  191. 

Thomas,  191. 

Rogers,  Rev.  Dr.,  197. 

William,  tavern,  208. 

Roman  Catholics  oppressed.  179,  215. 
Rouell,  Randall,  IGl. 

Ronsby,  John,  190. 

Christopher,  killed,  168. 

Runaway  servant,  212. 

Saint  Mary  founded,  63 
declines,  225. 
chapel  of  sold,  106. 

Saire,  William,  61. 

Sandys,  Sir  Edwin,  28. 

Sam's  Creek,  219. 

Saunders,  John,  61. 

Saville,  Sir  J<diu,  IS,  20. 

Sc^rburgh,  Edmund,  161. 

Col.  John,  l9l. 

George,  R.,  161. 

Scott,  Col.  Edward,  189, 

School  laws,  early,  1S7,  188. 

King  William’s,  1S7. 
teachers,  convicts,  212. 
trustees,  189. 

Schuylkill,  Dutch  at,  158. 

English  at,  15b. 

Selby,  Major  John,  192. 

Serrell,  George,  104,  105. 

Servants,  while,  201. 

reading  sermons,  67. 

Severn  men  defeat  Stone,  122,  123, 
Sewall,  Henry,  177. 

widow  of,  marries  Baltimore,  177. 
Rev.  Richard,  189. 

Nicholas,  177. 

Sharpe,  Dr.  Peter,  135. 

''hefficld,  9. 

Sheredine.  Thomas.  189. 

Stiippen,  Edward,  148. 

Joseph,  141. 

Slaves,  bajitisrn  of,  147. 
fiom  Guinea,  2(K). 
marry  white  women,  203. 
weekly  allowance,  201. 
Slaveholder,  large.st  in  colony,  201. 
Si'iallvi'ood’s  brigade,  218. 

Smith,  F.-uher  .\ntbony,  40. 

I’urit.ui  divine,  67. 

Tiiooiiis,  9y,  102. 


Smith.  Col.  John,  190, 

Waiter.  190. 

Snow  Hill  church,  192. 

in  1746,  206. 

Spanish  Inkinta,  23. 

match,  25,  31. 

Spence,  Adam,  197. 

Judge  Ara,  197. 

Hon.  John  S.,  197. 

Judge  T.  A.,  197. 

Stevens,  Richard,  duel  of,  30. 

Col.  Wm.,  161,  193. 

Stille,  Axel,  naturalized,  164. 

Stillwell,  Lt.  Nicholas,  110. 

Stokes,  John,  189. 

Stone,  Governor,  of  Marvland,  83,  84, 
118,  120,  122, 124.  * 
delegate  to  Congress,  217. 

Story,  Thomas,  143,  144,  146, 154. 
Sturton,  Rev.  Erasmus,  43,  44. 
Strawbridge,  Robert,  218. 

Talbot,  Col.  George,  167, 168,  109. 

Sir  Robert,  55. 

Taney,  Michael,  175. 

Taylor,  John,  137. 

Rev.  Nathaniel,  196. 

Terra  Mariiu,  53. 

Thomas,  lion.  Philip,  208. 

Thompson,  Augustine,  191. 

Richard, l9l. 

Tibbs,  Rev.  William,  189. 

Tilghman,  Captain,  122. 

Richard,  191. 

Tindall,  Thomas,  punished  for  insult- 
ing Lord  Baltimore,  49.* 
Tompson,  Rev.  William,  78,  79,  81,  83. 
Truitt,  George,  149,  150. 

Tucker,  'William,  50. 

Turbutt,  William,  191. 

Tyler,  Robert,  190. 

Unitarians  liable  to  death,  85. 

Upshur.  Abel  P.,  149. 

Utie,  John,  99. 

Utye,  Col.  Nat.,  133,  158, 159,  160. 

Vanderdoiik,  Adrian,  134. 

Mary.  134. 

Tan  Sweringen,  Garret,  162,  164. 
Vaughan,  Robert,  112. 

Villiers,  George,  15. 

Virginia  Company.  28,  30,  57. 

refuses  Lord  RaUimore,  45,  47. 
records, .93. 

Vorstius,  Leyden  profes.sor,  16,  2’26. 

Waldron.  Resolved,  159. 

V.’allis,  Hom  v,  114. 

Ward,  Mat.  Tilghman,  189. 

Wiutleld,  Uicliard,  190. 

I Want'ii,  Cupt.  JladcliJl'.!.  yj. 


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Warwick,  Earl  of,  2S,  20. 

Washington,  General,  184,  207,  221. 
Waters,  Richarrl,  149. 

Waughop,  Thomas,  ISO. 

Wentworth,  Benning,  10. 

Sir  John,  lU. 

Gov.  John,  10. 

John,  of  Continental  Congress,  10. 
John,  M.  C.,  10. 

Sir  Thomas,  IS,  19,  23,  25,  27  , 30, 
31,  38,  39,  4*4. 

West,  Gov.  John,  loO. 

Francis,  50. 

West  River  yearly  meeting,  145,  150. 
Westminster  Assembly,  68. 
Whitebourne’s  description  of  New- 
foundland, 28. 

White,  Father  Andrew,  61,  65,  66,  69 
70,  71,  89, 112. 

Wiggomoco  harbor,  99. 

Wilkinson,  Rev.  Christopher,  191. 

William,  132. 

Williams,  Rev.  Mr.,  72. 

Williamson,  Rev.  A.,  189. 

Samuel,  189. 

Willoughby,  Capt.  Thomas,  110. 


I Wilmer,  Bishop,  189. 

Lambert,  189. 

Rev.  W.  U.,  189. 

Simon,  189. 

Wilson,. Tohn,  143. 

Windebank.  Secretary,  96,  97,  101. 

I Winder,  William,  197. 

I Winter,  Captain,  58,  59. 

I Winthrop,  Governor,  64,  78,  79. 

I Wintour.  Edward,  61. 

Frederick,  61. 

Winwood,  Amba9.<ador,  227. 

Wiseman,  Henry,  61. 

Witchcraft,  140. 

. Workman,  Anthony.  1S7. 

Wormley,  Christopher,  105. 

I WorraFs,  Peter,  Uiveru,  210. 
Wostenbolme,  Sir  John,  100. 

Wright,  Edward,  191. 

Yeo,  Rev.  J.,  letter  to  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury,  138. 

Yoaconioco  village,  63. 

Yorkshire  described,  9. 

1 Zubly,  Rev.  Dr.,  218. 


ERRATA. 

On  page  133,  Mrs.  Burke  should  read  Brooke. 

“ 166,  more  satisfactory  should  read  not  more. 

“ 190,  Note  5,  Born  should  read  Commissioner. 

“ 191,  foot-note  number  s-ix  refers  to  Wm.  Turbutt. 

“ 2<15,  Barnaby  should  read  Burnaby. 

“ 213,  unite  parsons  should  read  unite  persons. 


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