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SMITHSONIAN 


MISCELLANEOUS 



VOL. XI. 



“VTKKT UK I. A Vi EC ABM MF.MBFB OF SOCIETY WHO BT BIS OBAKBT ATIOBP, BEAK ABC B B. 
ABB EXFBBUEBBTA FBOCCBE* K.VOWLElKiK FOB HBX. ” — BBITUIOB. 


m 

^APOU S- / 


WASHINGTON: 

PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. 
1874 . 


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CONTENTS OF VOL. XI 


PAGB 

Advertisement . . , . . . . . . . , Eli 

/ ARTICLE L (No. 230.) Arranoement of toe Families of Mammals ; 

with Analytical Tables. Prepared for the Smith- 
sonian Institution by Tukodorb Gill, M.D., Ph.D. 
November, 1872. Pp. 104. 

* ARTICLE II. (No. 247.) Arbanobmbxt of tiib Families op Fish bs, 

or Classeb Pisces, Marsipoiiranciih. and Leptocah - 
dii. Prepared for the Smithsonian Institution by 
Theodorb Gill, M.D., Ph.D. Nov. 1872. Pp. 90. 

• ARTICLE III, (No. 256.) Monographs of thb Diptera ok North 

America. Part III. Prepared for the Smithsonian 
Institution by H. Lokw. December, 1873. Four 
plates. Pp. 376. 

ARTICLE IV. (No. 261.) Directions for Collecting and Preserv - 
ing Insects. Prepared for the nse of the Smith - 
sonian Institution by A. S. Packard, Jr., M.D. 
September, 1873. Pp 00. 

ARTICLE V. (No. 264.) New Species of North American Colb- 
optkba. Prepared for the Smithsonian Institution 
by John L. Le Conte, M.D. Part II. May — June, 
1873. Pp. 74. 

ARTICLE VI, (No. 265.) Classification op the Colbqptbra op North 
America. Prepared for the Smithsonian Institution 
by John L. Le Cortb, M.D. Part II. May — June, 
1873. Pp. 72. 


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ADVERTISE ME XT. 


The present series, entitled " Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col- 
lections,” is intended to embrace all tho publications issued directly 
by the Smithsonian Institntion in octavo form ; those in quarto con- 
stituting the “'Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge.” The 
quarto scries includes memoirs embracing the records of extended 
original investigations and researches resulting in what are be- 
lieved to be new truths, and constituting positive additions to the 
sum of human knowledge. The octavo series is designed to con- 
tain reports on the present state of our knowledge of particular 
branches of spieacc : instructions for collecting and digesting facts 
and materials for research : lists and synopses of species of the 
organic and inorganic world : museum catalogues : reports of ex- 
plorations : aids to bibliographical investigations, etc., generally 
prepared at the express request of the Institution, and at its 
expense. 

The position of a work in one or the other of the two series will 
sometimes depend upon whether the required illustrations can be 
presented more conveniently in the quarto or the octavo form. 

In the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, as well as in the 
present series, each article is separately paged and indexed, and 
the actual date of its publication is that given on its special title- 
page, and not that of the volume in which it is placed. In many 
cases, works have been published, and largely distributed, years 
before their combination into volumes. 

While due care is taken on the part of the Smithsonian Insti- 
tution to insure a proper standard of excellence in its publications, 
it will be readily understood that it cannot hold itself responsible 
for the facts and conclusions of the authors, as it is impossible in 
most cases to verify their statements. 

JOSEPH HENRY, 

Secretary S. I. 

( Tii ) 


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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 


230 


ARRANGEMENT 

or TUB 


FAMILIES OF MAMMALS. 


WITH ANALYTICAL TABLES. 

PREPARED FOR THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. 


BT 

THEODORE GILL, M.D., Ph.D. 



WASHINGTON: 

PUBLISHED BY TnE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. 
NOVEMBER, 1872. 


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ADVERTISEMENT 


Tub following list of families of Mammals, with analytical tables, has 
been prepared by Dr. Theodore Gill, at the request of the Smithsonian 
Institution, to serve as a basis for the arrangement of the collection of 
Mammals in the National Museum ; and as frequent applications for such 
a list have been received by the Institution, it has been thought advisable 
to publish it for more extended use. In provisionally adopting this 
system for the purpose mentioned, the Institution, in accordance with its 
custom, disclaims all responsibility for any of the hypothetical views upon 
which it may be based. 

JOSEPH HENRY, 

Secretary, S. I. 

Smithsonian In stitt tioh, 

Washington, October, 1872. 


(in) 


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CONTENTS. 


I. List op Families* (including references to synoptical tables) . . . 1-27 


Sub-Class (Butheria) Placentalia a. Monodelphia (1-121) 
Super-Order Educabilia (1-73) .... 

Order 1. Primates (1-8) .... 

Sub-Order Autliropoidea (1-5) 

“ Prositni® (6-8) 

Order 2. Fer® (9-27) 

Sub-Order Fissipedia (9-24) 

“ Pinnipedia (25-27) 

Order 3. Ungulata (28-54) .... 

Sub-Order Artiodaotyli (28-45) 

41 Perissodactyli (46-54) 

Order 4. Toxodontia (55-56) .... 
Order 5. Hyracoidea (57) .... 

Order 6. Proboscidea (58-59) 

Diverging (Educabilian) series. 
Order 7. Sirenia (60-63) .... 

Order 8. Cete (64-73) 

Sub-Order Zeuglodontia (64-65) 

*' Denticete (66-71) . 

“ Mysticete (72-73) . 

Super-Order Ineducabilia (74-121) . . 

Order 9. Cbiroptera (74-82) .... 
Sub-Order Animalivora (74-81) 

“ Frugivora (82) 

Order 10. Inseotivora (83-92) 

Sub-Order Dermoptera (83) 

“ Inseotivora Vera (84-92) 

Order 11. Glires (93-112) .... 

Sub-Order Simplicidentati (93-110) 

“ Duplicidentati (111-112) 

Order 12. Brnta (113-121) .... 

Sub-Order Vermilinguia (113) 

Squamata (114) . 


1, 45, 46 
1, 45, 46 
1, 47, 50 

1, 50, bis 

2, 50, 54 

3, 47, 56 
3, 56, bis 

7, 56, 68 

8, 47, 70 
8, 70, 71 

11, 71, 84 
13, 48, 89 
13, 48, S9 
13, 48, 89 

13, 48, 91 

14, 49, 92 
14, 92, 93 

14, 92, 93 

15, 93, 97 

16, 49 
16, 49 
16 

18 

18, 49 
18 \ 

18 

20, 50 
20 
23 

23, 50 

23 

23 


• The numbers inclosed within parentheses refer to the families. 

( V) 


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VI 


Sub-Order Fodientia (115) 

“ Tardigrada (110-117) • 

“ Loricata (118-120) . 

Bruta in cert re sedis (121) 
Sub-Class (Eutheria) Didelphia (122-134) . 

Order 13. Marsupialia (122-134) 

Sub-Order Rliizophaga (122) . 


“ Syndactyli (123-129) .... 28 

“ Dasynromorphia (130-131) ... 26 

11 Pidelpbimorphia (132) .... 26 

Marsupialia incert® sedia (133-134) . 27 

Sub-Class (Prototheria) Ornitbodelphia (135-136) . . * 27, 46 

Order Monotremata (135-136) 27 

Sub-Order Tachyglossa (135) 27 

u Platypoda (136) ...... 27 

II. List op Authors referred to 31-41 

III. Steoptical Tables of Character op the Scbditisioxs of Mammals, with a 

Catalogue op the Ge.nbba 43-9S 


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8 e g e k s s 



OP 

FAMILIES AND SUB-FAMILIES 
OF MAMMALS. 

[Adopted provisionally by the Smithsonian Institution.] 

N. B.— The Fossil Families are indicated by Italics. 


Class A. — MAMMA LIA . 

. Sub-Class PLACENTALIA. 

Super-Order EDUCABILIA. 

(GYREN'CEPHALA — MEQAgTHEYA + ARCIIEXCEPHALA — 

Abchostia.) 

v *V" - - ° 

(Primate Series.) 

Order I.— PRIMATES. “> a » : 

Sub-Order Antiiropoidea. 

( Bimana .) 

1. Hominidae = Anthropini, Huxl., M. T. & G., 

1864, i, 153. 

( Simicie .) 

(Simiae catarrhime.) 

2. Simiidae = Anthropomorpha, Huxl., M. 

, T. & G. 1864, i, 648. 

July, 1871. 1 


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a. Simiinae = Simiina, Gray, M., L., & 

Fr.-cat. B., 6. 

b. Hylobatinae = Ilylobatina, Gray, M., L., 

& Fr.-cat. B., 9. 

3. Cynopitbecidao = Cynopitliecini, Huxl., M. T. 

& G., 1864, i, 671. 

a. Semnopithecinae — Sub-Family II, Mart., Man 

and Monkeys, 445. 

b. Cynopithecinae = Sub-Family III, Mart., Man 

and Monkeys, 503. 

( Simiae platyrhinae.) 

4. Ccbidae = Platyrhini, Huxl., M. T. & G., 

1864, ii, 93. 

a. Mycctinae = Mycetinae, Miv., P. Z. S., 

1865, 547. 

b. Cebinae = Cebinae, Miv., P. Z. S., 

1865, 547. 

c. Nyctipithceinae = Nyctipitliecinae, Miv., P. 

Z. S., 1865, 547. 

d. Pitheciinae = Pitheeiinae, Miv., P. Z. S., 

1865, 547. 

5. Mididae = Arctopitliecini, Huxl., M. T. 

& G., 1864, ii, 124. 

Sub-Order Prosimiae. 

(Lemuroulea.) 

6. Lemuridao = Lcmuridae, Geoff., Cat. Pri- 

mates, 66. 


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a. Indrisinae 

b. Lemurinae 

c. Xycticebinae 

d. Galagininae 
7. Tarsiidae 


= Indrisinae, Miv., P. Z. S., 
18G6, 151. 

= Lemurinae, Miv., P. Z. S. 
18G7, 9G0. 

= Xycticebinae, Miv., P. Z. 
S., 1864, 643. 

= Galagininae, Miv., P. Z. S., 
1864, 645. 

= Tarsidae, Geoff., Cat. Pri- 
mates, 83. 


[DaubenUmioidea. ) 

8. Daubentoniidae = Cheiromyidae, Geoff., Cat. 

Primates, 85. 


(Feral Series.) 

Order II. — FERiE. 

Sob-Order Fissipedia. 

[Aduroidea.) 

( Aduroidea typica.) 

f). Felidae = Felidae, FI., P. Z. S., 1869, 

15-18. 


a. Felinae = Felidae, § 1, Gray, P. Z. S., 

1867, 261. 

b. Guepardinae = Felidae, § 2, Gray, P. Z. S., 

1867, 277. 


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c. Mad toe rod on tinae > Felinae, Burin., A. M. P. B. 

-A. i, 122-138. 

10. Cryptoproctidae = Cryptoproctidae, FI., P. Z. 

S., 1869, 22. 


[Aclvroidea hyaeniformia.) 


11. 

Protelidae 

= Protelidae, FI., P. Z. S., 
1869, 27, 474. 

12. 

Hyaenidae 

= Hyaenidae, FI., P. Z. S., 
I860, 26. 


( Aduroidea viverriformia.) 

13. 

Viverridae 

= Vivcrridae, FI., P. Z. S., 
1869, 18. 


a. Yiverrinae 

f Yiverrina, ) Gray, C.P.& 
{ Gencttina, j E.M.,46,49. 


b. Prionodontinae 

= Prionodontina, Gray, C. 
P. & E. M., 52. 


c. Galidiinae 

= Galidiina, Gray, C. P. & 
E. M., 55. 


d. Hemigalinae 

= Hemigalina, Gray, C. P. & 
E. M., 56. 


e. Arctictidinae 

= Aretictidina, Gray, C. P. 
& E. M., 57. 


f. Parodoxurinae 

= Paradoxurina, Gray, C. P. 
& E. M., 59. 


g. Cynogalinae 

= Cynogalina, Gray, P. Z. S., 
1867,521. — Cynogal idae. 


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h. Herpestinao = Hcrpestina, Gray, C. P. & E. 

M.,144. ( l\-i<IIej'pcsti(lae .) 

i. Cynictidinae = Cynictidina, Gray, C. P. 

& E. M., 169. 

j. Rhinogalinae — Rhinogalina, Gray,C.P.&E. 

M.,172. j-k<Rhinogalidae. 

k. Crossarchinae < Crossarekina, Gray, C. P. 

& E. M., 176. 

14. Eupleridae = Euplereens, Boy., A. S. N., 

2e s., iv, 1835, Z., 281. 


15. Canidae 

a. Caninae 

b. Megalotinae 


( Cynoidea .) 

= Canidae, FI., P. Z. S., 1869, 
23. 

= Canidae, Gray, C. P. & E. M., 
178. 

= Megalotidae, Gray, C. P. & 
E. M., 210. 


( Ardoidea .) 


(Ardoidm mustdiformia.) 


16. Mustelidae 

a. Mustelinae 

b. Melinao 


= Mustelidae, FI., P. Z. S., 1869, 
11-14. 

= Mustelina, Gray, C. P. & 
E. M., 81. 

= Melina, Gray, C. P. & E. M., 
122. (b-f < Mdinidae.) 


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c. Mellivorinae 

d. Mephitinae 

e. Zorillinae 

f. Ilelictidinae 

g. Lutrinae 

h. Enhydrinae 


= Mellivorina, Gray, C. P. & 
E. M., 131. 

= Mcphitina, Gray, C. P. & 
E. M., 133. 

= Zorillina, Gray, 0. P. & E. 
M., 139. 

= Helictidina, Gray, 0. P. & 
E. M., 141. 

= Lutrina, Gray, C. P. & E. M. 

100. (g-li < Mustdidae.) 
= Enhydrina, Gray, C. P. & 
E. M., 118. 


( Arctoidea typica.) 

17. Ursidae = Ursidac, FI., P. Z. S., 1869, 

6-9. 


[Arctoidea procyoniformia.) 

18. Aeluridae = Ailuridae, FI., P. Z. S., 1869, 

11, 36. 

19. Cercolcptidac > Procyonidae, FI., P. Z. S., 

1869, 9, 32. 

> Procyonidae, FI., P. Z. S., 
1869, 9, 32. 

= Nasuidac, Gray, C. P. & E. 
M., 238. 

= Procyonidae, Gray. C. P. & 
E. M., 212. 


20. Procyonidae 

a. Nasuinae 

b. Procyoninae 


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21. Bassarididae = Bassaridae, Gray, C. P. & E. 

M., 245. 


( Fissipedia sedis incertae.) 

22. Simocyonidae = Famille aujourd’hui eteintc , 

Gaudry, (320), 37. 

23. Arctocyonidae, < Arctocyoninae , Giebel, S'auge- 

tliiere, 755. 

? 

24. Hyaenodontulae = ffyaenodontidae, Leidy, Ext. 

Mamm. Dak. & Xeb., 38. 

( i U 


Sub-Order Pinnipedia. 

(Phocoidea.) 

25. Otariidae = Otariadae, Allen, B. M. C. Z., 

ii, 1 ; Gill, A. N., iv., 675. 

26. Phocidae = Pliocidae, Gill, C. E. I., 1866, 

5, 8. 

a. Phocinae = Phocinae, Gill, C. E. I., 

1866, 5. 

b. Cystophorinae = Cystophorinae, Gill, C. E. 

I., 1866, 6. 

c. Stenorliynckinac = Stenorhyncbinae, Gill, C. 

E. I., 1866, 6. 

( Rosmaroidca .) 


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27. Rosmaridae = Rosmaridae, Gill, C. E. L, 

1866, 7. 

(Ungulate Series.) 

Order III. — UNGULATA. 

Sub-Order Artiodactyli. 

(Pecora s. Ruminantia.) 

[Pecora ? edentata.) 

27a. ChaUcothcriidae = Chalicotherium, Falc., Pal. 

Mem., i, 190, 208, 523. 

[Pecora tylopoda s. phalang igrada . ) 

28. Camelidae = Camelides, Gerv., Mamm. ii. 

223. 

[Pecora ungtdigrada.) 

[Pecora unguligrada typica.) 

[Girafoidea.) 

29. Giraffidae = Girafides, Gerv. Mamm. ii, 

210 . 

[Booidea.) 

[Booidca typica.) 

30. Saigiidae = Saigiinae, Mur., P. Z. S., 

1870, 451. 

31. Bovidae = Bovides, Gerv., Mamm. ii, 

174. 

a. Bovinae = Bovina, Rutim., N. D. S. G. 

N., xxiii, 21. 


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b. Ovibovinae < Boveae, Gray, Mamm., iii, 

15. 

c. Antilopinae f Antilopeae, ) G. M., iii, 

{ Strepsicereae, j 45, 131. 

cl. Caprinae — Capreae, Gray, Mamm., iii, 

142. 

e. Ovinae = Oveae, Gray, Mamm., iii, 

160. 

32. Antilocapridae = Antiloeapridae, Mur., P. Z. S., 

1870, 334. 

(Booidea cerviformia.) 

33. Cervidae = Cervidae, Scl., P. Z. S., 1870, 

114. 

a. Cervinae = Cervinae, Scl., P. Z. S., 

1870, 114. 

b. Cervulinae = Cervulinae, Scl., P. Z. S., 

1870, 115. . 

c. Moschinae = Moscliinae, Scl., P. Z. S., 

1870, 115. 

( Pecora unguligrada trcigidoidea.) 

34. Tragulidae — Tragulidae, A. Milne Edw., A. 

S.N..,5es., ii,Z., 1864, 157. 

( Pecora unguligrada incertae sedis.) 

35. Sivatheriidae = Sivatherium, Falc., Pal. Mem., 

i, 247. 


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36. Ilelkulothcriidae = Famille avjourd’hui eteinte, 

Gaudry, A. F. Att. (321), 252. 

( Pecora dentata.) 

( Oreodontoidea.) 

37. Orcodontidae. 

i 

a. Oreodontinae = Orcodontidae, Leidy, Ext. 

Mamm. Dak. & Neb., 71. 

b. Agriochoerinae = Agriochoeridae , Leidy, Ext. 

Mamm. Dak.&Neb., 131. 

(Anoplotheroidea.) 

38. Anoplothcriidac = Anoplotheriidae, Leidy, Ext. 

Mamm. Dak. & Neb., 206. 

39. Dichobunidae = Mosckidae § Dichobunina, 

Turn, P. Z. S., 1849, 158. 

( Omnivora .) 

[Me rycopota moidca . ) 

40. Me rycopotamid ac = Merycopotanms , Falc., Pal. 

Mem., ii. 407. 

( Hip poponudoidca .) 


41. Hippopotamidae = Hippopotamidae, Gray, C. 

P. & E. M., 356. 

a. Hippopotaminae = Hippopotamus, Falc., Pal. 

Mem., i, 130. 

b. Ckoeropsinae = Ckoeropsis, A. Milne Ed., 

R. H. N. M., 43. 


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[Setifera.) 

(Set if era suiformia.) 

42. Phacochoeridae = Phacochoeridae, Gray, B. M., 

352. 

43. Suidae = Suidae, Gray, C. P. & E. M., 

327. 

( Set if era d icot yl if orm ia . ) 

44. Dicotylidao = Dicotylidae, Gray, C. P. & E. 

M., 350. 

( Anthracotheraidea .) 

45. Anthraeotheriidae < Hippopotamidae, Turn., P. Z. 

S., 1849, 157. 

a. Hyopotaminae < Anthraeotheriidae, L’dy, Ex. 

Mamm. Dak. & Neb., 202. 

b. Anthracotheri- < Anthraeotheriidae , L’dy, Ex. 

inae Mamm. Dak. & Neb. , 202. 

Sub-Ordeii Perissodactyli. 
(Anehippodontoidea.) 

45a. Anehippodontidac — Trogosus, Leidy, P. A. N. 

S., Phil., 1871, 114. 

(Solidungula.) 

46. Equidae = Equidae, Gray, C. P. & E. M., 

o 2C2. 


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47. Anckitheriidae — Anchilheridae, Leidv, Ext. 

Marnm. Dak. & Xeb., 302. 

(J lultungula.) 

( Rli inocerotoidea. ) 

(Rhinocerotoidea rhinocerdiformia.) 

48. Rhinocerotidae = Rhinocerotidae, Gray, C. P. & 

E. M., 295. 

( Rhinocerotoidea macraucheniiformia.) 

49. Macraucheniidae = Macrmichenia, Burm.,A.M. 

B.-A., i, 32, 1864. 

50. Palaeotheriidae < Palaeothtrioides, Pictet, Pa- 

lcont., 2e ed., i, 309-313. 

(Tapiroidea.) 

51. Tapiridae = Tapiridae, Gray, C. P. & E. 

M., 252. 

52. Lophiodontidae <Tapiroides, Pictet, Paleont., 

2e ed., i, 301. 

( Plidophoidea .) 

53. Plidophidae — Pliolophus, Owen, Pal., 

1860, 325. 

f Pcrissodadij! 1 1 inccrtae scdis.) 

54. Elusmotheriidae Rhinoceroides, Pictet, Pa- 

leont., 2e ed., i, 294. 


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Order IV.— TOXODONTIA. 

55. Nesodontidae — Nesodon, Owen, Ph. T., 

1853, 291. 

56. Toxodontidac = Toxodon, Burm, A. M. 

B.-A., i, 254, 1864. 

Order V.— HYRACOIDEA. 

57. Hyracidae = Hyracidae, Gray, C. P. & E. 

M., 279. 

Order VI.— PROBOSCIDEA. 

58. Elephantidae < Proboscidean, Fale., Pal. 

Mem., ii, 1868. 

Elepliantinae = Elephantidae, Gray, C. P. & 

E. M., 358. 

Mastodontinac = Mastodontidae , Gray, €. P. & 

E. M., 359. 

59. Dinotheriidae = [ D inoikt ri ides,] Gaudry, An. 

F. Att., 321, 162. 

i 5 

MUTILATE SERIES. 

Order VII.— SIRENIA. 

(Hal icoro idea.) 

60. Halitheriidae < Halicorida, Brandt, Syrnb. 

Siren., ii, (f. 3,) 344. 


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61. Halicoridae < Halicorida, Brandt, Symb. 

Siren., ii, {f. 3,) 344. 

62. Rkytinidae < Halicorida, Brandt, Symb. 

Siren., ii, (f. 3,) 344. 

( Manatoidea .) 

63. Trichechidae = Manatida, Brandt, Symb. 

Siren., ii, (f. 3,) 343. 

Order VIII.— CETE. 

Suii-Order Zeuglodontes. 

64. Basilosanridae < Zeuglodontes, VanBen., Mem. 

Ac. R. Belg., xxxv, 1865. 

65. Cgmrcidae = Cynorcidae, Cope, P. A. N. S., 

1867, 144. 

Sub-Order Dexticete. 

(. Delphinoidea .) 

( Del ph inoidea platan istiformia.) 

66. Platanistidae < Platanistidae, FI., Trans. Zool. 

Soc., vi, 113, 1867. 

67. Iniidae < Platanistidae, FL, Trans. 

Zool. Soc., vi, 114, 1867. 

( Delphinoidea typica.) 

68. Delphinidae > Delphinidae, FI., Trans. Zool. 

Soc., vi, 113, 1867. 


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a. Pontoporiinae = Pontoporiinae, Gill, C. E. I., 

vi., 124, 1871. 

b. Delphinapterinae = Beluginae, FI., Trans. Zool. 

Soc., vi, 115, 1867. 

c. Delphininae < Delphininae, FI., Trans. 

Zool. Soc., vi, 115, 1867. 

d. Globiocephalinae < Delphininae, FI., Trans. 

Zool. Soc., vi, 115, 1867. 

(. Delphinoidea ziphiiformia.) 

69. Ziphiidae = Ziphioides, Fisch, N. A. M. H. 

N. P., iii, 41, 1867. 

a. Ziphiinae = Ziphiinae, Gill, C. E. I., vi, 

124, 1871. 

b. Anarnacinae = Anarnacinae, Gill, C. E. I., 

vi, 124, 1871. 

( Physeteroidea.) 

70. Pliyseteridae = Physeteridae, Gill, A. N., iv, 

727, 1871. 

a- Physeterinae = Physeterinae, Gill, A. N., 

iv, 732, 1871. 

b. Kogiinae = Kogiinae, Gill, A. N., iv, 

732, 1871. 

(Denticete inceiiae sedis.) 

71. Rhabdosteidae = Rhnbdosfeidae, Gill, C. E. I., 

vi, 123, 1871. 


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Sub-Order Mysticete. 

72. Balaenopteridae = Balaenopteridae, FI., Proc. 

Zool. Soc., 1864, 291. 

a. Agaphelinae = Agaphelinac, Gill, C. E. I., 

vi, 124, 1871. 

b. Megapterinae = Megapterinae, FI., Proc. 

Zool. Soc., 1864, 391. 

c. Balaeuopterinae = Balaenopterinae, FI., Proc. 

Zool. Soc., 1864, 391. 

73. Balaeuidae = Balaenidae, FI., Proc. Zool. 

Soc., 1864, 389. 

Super-Order IXEDUCABILIA. 

(Lissencefhala Owen — Microsthena Dana.) 

(Insectivorous Series.) 

Order IV.— CHIROPTERA. 

Sub-Order Animalivora. 

(Ilcematoph ilina.) 

74. Desmodidae = Haematophiliui, Huxl., P. Z. 

S. L., 1865, 386. 

( HistiopTiora .) 

75. Phyllostomidae > Pliyllostomidae, Gray, P. Z. 

S. L., 1866, 111. 

76. Mormopidae = Mormopcs, Car., Handb. Zool., 

i, 83. 


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77. Rkinolopkidae < Rhinolophidae, Gray, P. Z. 

S. L., 1866, 81. 

78. Megadermidac < Megadermata, Pet., M. P. A. 

W. Berlin, 1865, 256. 

a. Vampyrinac — Vampiri, Pet., M. P. A. W. 

Berlin, 1865, 503. 

b. Glossophaginae = Glossophagae, Pet., M. P. 

A. W. Berlin, 1868, 361. 

c. Stenoderminae = Stenodermata, Pet., M. P. A. 

W. Berlin, 1865, 356, 524. 

( Gymnorhina.) 

79. Yespertilionidae = Vespertiliones, Pet., M. P. A. 

W. Berlin, 1865, 258, 524. 

a. Vesper tilioninae = Yespertilioniens,Gerv., An. 

Am. S. Cast. — Mamin., 74. 

b. Nycticejinae = Nycticeins, Gerv., Mamm., 

74. 

80. Molossidae = Molossi, Pet., M. P. A. W. 

Berlin, 1865, 573. 

81. Noctilionidae = Brachyura, Pet., M. P. A. 17. 

Berlin, 1865, 257. 

a. ^Noctilioninae = Noctilionins,Gerv., An. Am. 

S. Cast. — Mamm., 52. 

b. Emballonurinae = Noctilionins,Gerv.,An.Am. 

S. Cast. — Mamm., 62. 

July. 1871. 


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c. Furiinae = Furia, Gerv., An. Am. S. 

Cast. — Mainm., 69. 

Sub-Order Frugiyora. 

82. Pteropodidae = Pteropi, Pet., M. P. A. W. 

Berlin, 1807, 320, 867. 

Order VI.— INSECTIVOKA. 

, Sub-Order Dermoptera. 

83. Galeopithecidae == Galeopithecidae, Miv., J. A. & 

P., ii, 1868, 124. 

Sub-Order Insectivora Vera. 

( Soricoidca .) 

84. Talpidae = Talpidae, Miv., J. A. & P., ii, 

1868, 150. 

a. Talpinae = Talpina, Miv., J. A. & P., 

ii, 1868, 151, ' 

b. Myogalinae = Myogalina, Miv., J. A. & 

P., ii, 1868, 152. 

85. Soricidae = Soricidae, Miv., J. A. & P., ii, 

1868, 153. 

( Erinaceoidea .) 

86. Erinaceidae = Erinaceidae, Miv., J. A.& P., 

ii, 1868, 146. 

a. Erinaceinae = Herissons, Gerv., H. N. 

Mamm., i, 229. 


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b. Gymnurinae = Gymnures, Gerv., n. X. 

Mamm., i, 231. 

( Centetoidca .) 

87. Centetidae = Centetidae, Miv., J. A. & P., 

ii, 1868, 147. 

a. Centetinae = Tanrecs, Gerv., H. N. 

Mamm., i, 233. 

b. Solenodontinae — Solenodontes, Gerv., II. N. 

Mamm, i, 246. 

88. Potamogalidae = Potamogalidae, Alim., T. Z. 

S., vi, 149, 1-16. 

( Chryscliloridoidca.) 

89. Chrysochlorididae= Clirysochloridae, Miv., J. A. & 

P., ii, 1868, 150. 

( Macroscelidoidea .) 

90. Macroscelididae = Macroscelididae, Miv., J. A. 

& P., ii, 1868, 143. 

a. Rhynchocyoninae = Rhynchocyons, Gerv., H. 

N. Mamm., i, 238. 

b. Macroscelidinae — Macroseelidiens, Gerv., H. 

N. Mamm., i, 235. 

91. Tupayidae = Tupaiidae, Miv., J. A. & P., 

ii, 1868, 145. 

( Insectivora incertae sedis.) 

92. Leptididae < Leptidis, Leidy, Ext. Mamm. 

Dak. & Neb., 345. 


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(Rodent Series.) 
Order GLIRES. 
Sub-Order Simplicidentati. 


( Lophiomyoidea .) 

93. Lophiomyidae = Lophiomides, A. M. Edw., N. 

A. M. H. N. P., iii, 114. 


( Myoidea .) 


94. Pedetidae 

95. Dipodidae 

96. Jaeulidae 

97. Muridac 

a. Spalacinae 

b. Georhychinae 

c. Murinae 

d. Siphneinae 

e. Ellobiinae 


= Pedetina, Car., Handb. Zool., 
i, 101. 

= Dipodina, Car., Handb. Zool., 
i, 101. 

= Jaculina, Car., Handb. Zool., 
i, 101. 

= Murides, Gerv., II. X. Mamm., 
i, 417. 

= Rliizodontes a. Spalacini, 
Br’t., S. R., 307. 

= Rhizodontes b. Georhy- 
cliini, Br’t., S. R., 308. 

= Murini, Lillj., Gnag. 
Daggdj., 12. 

= Prismatodontes b. Macro- 
nyches, Br’t., S. R., 309. 

= Priinatodontes a. Brachyo- 
nyclies, Br’t., S. R., 309. 


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f. Arvicolinae 


= Arvicolini, Lillj., Gnag. 
Daggdj., 22. 


( Myoxoulea .) 

98. Myoxidae = Myoxidae, Lillj., Gnag. 

Daggdj., 31. 


( Saccoviyoidea .) 


99. Saccomyidae 
100. Geomyidae 


= Saccomyinae, Bd., M. N. A., 
405. (e Saccomyidiis.) 
= Sciurospalacoides, Br't.,S. R., 


301. 


• ( Castoroidea .) 

101. Castoridae = Castoridae, Morgan, Am. 

Beaver, 186. 

( Sciuroidea .) 

102. Sciuridae = Sciurida, Car., Handb. Zool., 

i, 96. 

a. Sciurinae . = Campsiurina, Car., Handb. 

Zool., i, 96. 

b. Arctomyinac = Arctomyina, Car., Handb. 

Zool., i, 97. 


(Anomaluroidea . ) 

103. Ano^aluridae = Anomalurina, Car., Handb. 

Zool., i, 98. 


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(Haploodontoidea.) 

104. Ilaploodoiitidae = Haploodontidae, Lillj., Gnag. 

D'aggdj., 41. 

( Hystricoidea .) 

105. Spalacopodidae = Spalacopodidac, Lillj., Gnag. 

D'aggdj., 44. 

a. Octodontinae x Octodontina, Waterk., N. 

H. Mainm., ii, 242. 

b. Ctenodactylinae < Octodontina, Waterk., N. 

H. Mamm., ii, 242. 

c. Eckimyinae < Eckimyina, Waterk., N. H. 

Mamm., ii, 286. 

d. Cercolabinae = Cercolabina, Waterh., N. 

II. Mamm., ii, 484, (398). 

106. Ilystricidae < Hystrickina, Car., Handb. 

Zool., i, 109. 

107. Dasyproctidae = Dasyproctina, Car., Handb. 

Zook, i, 110. 

a. Dasyproctinae = Dasyproctiens, Gerv., II. N. 

Mamm., 327. 

b. Coelogenyinae = Celogenyens, Gerv., II. JNT. 

Mamm., 325. 

108. Caviidae < Caviina, Car., Handb. Zook, 

i, 110. 

109. Hydrockoeridae < Caviina, Car., Handb. Zook, 

i, 110. 


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110. Chinchillidae = Chinchillidae, Lillj., Gnag. 

Daggdj., 42. 

a. Chinchillinae = Orobii sen Eriomyes monti- 

colae, Br’t., S. R., 317. 

b. Lagostominae = Ilomalobii sen Eriomyes 

planicolae, Br’t., S.R., 317. 

Sub-Order Duplicidentati. 

111. Lagomyidae = Lagomyidae, Gray, A. & M. 

N. H., xx, 219, 18G7. 

112. Leporidae = Leporidae, Gray, A. & M. 

. X. H., xx, 219, 1867. 

Order XIII.— BRUTA. 

Sub-Order Vermilinguia. 

113. Myrmecophagi- = Myrmecophagidae, Gray, C. 

dae P. & E. M., 390. 

a. Myrmecophaginae ( Myrmccopliaga, ) Gray, C. P. 

(Tamandua, ) &E.M.,390. 

b. Cyclothurinae = Cyclotliurus, Gray, C. P. 

& E. M., 392. 

Sub-Order Squamata. 

114. Manididae = Manididae, Gray, C. P. & E. 

M., 366. 

Sub-Order Fodientia. 

115. Orycteropodidae = Orvcteropodidae, Gray, C. P. 

& E. M., 389. 


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Sub-Order Tardigrada. 

l 

116. Bradypodidae = Bradypodidae, Gray, C. P. & 

E. M., 362 

a. Bradypodinae j Bradypus, ) Gray, 363, 

l Arctopithecus, £ 364. 

b. Choloepodinae — Choloepus, Gray, C. P. & 

E. M., 363. 

117. Megatheriidae = Gravigrada, Burm., A. M. P. 

B. A., i, 32. 

a. Megathcriinae 

b. Mylodontiiiae < 

Sub-Order Loricata. 

118. Dasypodidac > Dasypodidac, Gray, P. Z. S., 

1865, 360. 

a. Dasypodinae < Dasypodina, Gray, P. Z. S., 

1865, 360. . 

b. Tatusiinae < Dasypodina, Gray, P. Z. S., 

1865, 360. 

c. Xenurinae < Dasypodina, Gray, P. Z. S., 

1865, 365. 

d. Tolypeutinae = Tolypcutina, Gray, P. Z. S., 

1865, 365. 

119. Chlamydophori- = Chlamypkoridae, Gray, P. Z. 

dae S., 1865, 387. 

120. Iloplojrfioridae — Jloplophoridae , Huxl., Phil. 

Trans., civ, 31. 


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? 

121. Ancylotheriidae — Famille avjounVhid cteinte , 

Gaudrv, An. foss. d’Att., 

i, 129, 321. 

Sub-Class DIDELPHIA. 

Order XIV.— MARSUPIALIA. 

Sub-Order Rhizophaga. 

122. Phascolomyidae = Phascolomyidae, IVaterli., N. 

H. Mamm., i, 211. 

Scb-Order Syndacttli. 

( Poephaga .) 

123. Macropodidae = Macropodidae, V r aterh., N. H. 

Mamm., i, 50. 

( Carpopliaga .) 

124. Tareipedidae = Tarsipedides, Gerv., Mamm., 

ii, 277. 

125. Pkalangistidae = Plialangistidae, Owen, T. Z. 

S., ii, 332. 

a. Petaurinae = Petauristins, Gerv., H. N., 

Mamm., ii, 27G. 

b. Phalangistinae = Plialangistins, Gerv., II. N. 

Mamm., ii, 274. 

126. Phascolarctidae = Phascolarctidae, Owen, T. Z. 

S., ii, 332. 

(D iprotodontoidca . ) 


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127. Diprotodontidae < Diprotodon,Owen, Palaeont., 

394-395. 

128. Thylacoleonidae < Thylacoleo, FI., Jour. Geol. 

S. L., xxiv, 1868, 307. 

(Entomophaga.) 

129. Peramelidae = Peramelidae, Waterh., X. H. 

Mamm., i, 354. 

a. Choeropodinae 

b. Peramelinae 

Sub-Order Dastur0Morphia. 

130. Dasyuridae = Dasyuridae, Owen, T. Z. S., 

ii, 332. 

a. Sarcopliilinae 

b. Dasyurinae 

c. Phascogalinae 


131. Myrmecobiidae = Ambulatoria, Owen, T. Z. S., 

ii, 332. 

Sub-Order Didelpiiimorphia. 

132. Didelphididae = Didelphididae, Waterh., X. H. 

Mamm., ii, 462. 


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Marsupialia INCERTAE SEI1TS. 

133. Plagiaulacidae = Plagiaulax, Falc., Journ. 

Geol. S. L., 18G2, 34S. 

134. Dromatheriidae — Dromatherium, Owen, Pal., 

302. 


Sub-Class ORNITHODELPHIA. 

Order XVI.— MONOTREMATA. 

Sub-Order Tachyglossa. 

135. Tachyglossidae > Ornithorhynehidae, Gray, 0. 

P. & E. M., 393. 

Sub-Order Platypoda. 

136. Ornithorhynehi- > Ornithorhynehidae, Gray, C. 

dae P. & E. M., 393. 

3 


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BIBLIOGRAPHY, 


LIST OF AUTHORS REFERRED TO 


( 29 ) 


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D i gi t i zed by-Google 



LIST OF AUTHORS REFERRED TO. 


The following enumeration of works is chiefly intended to explain the abbrevia- 
tions used in connection with the preceding list of families : the works most 
accessible to students generally have been used, whenever they could be referred 
to in explanation of the limits of families adopted ; special monographs have been 
chiefly referred to when the groups in connection w ith which they are cited have 
not been limited in the same manner in general works. The “ Osteographie” of 
de Blainville, although not actually referred to in connection with any special 
family, is so indispensable to any investigator of the mammals, and has been so 
much used by the writer, that the title thereof and an analysis of its contents have 
been given ; the analysis and assignment of dates of publication of the several 
monographs w ill doubtless prove useful, and save to some time and labor like that 
necessarily devolved upon the writer in ascertaining the data furnished. 

For the information of students, and because it is information often desired, the 
publishers’ prices of most of the works cited arc given, in the currency of the 
country where they w’ere published. Many of the separate monographs reprinted 
from journals can be obtained from the second-hand book dealers — especially the 
German — and from the Naturalists’ Agency of Salenj, Mass., but at varying prices. 

In order to secure uniformity of typography, only the initial letters of the charac- 
teristic words are capital, the example of the learned brothers Grimm, as well as 
other German writers, sanctioning such usage for their language. The initial 
letters, however, of the more important words of the general titles, and to which 
reference is made in the list, are capitalized, corresponding with and rendering at 
once intelligible the abbreviated references. The punctuation of the respective 
title-pages is adopted. The symbol ( < ) denotes that the memoir after which it is 
inserted is contained in the volume or series whose title follow's ; the symbol of 
equality (*•) denotes that the memoir is co-extensive with the volume. 


ALLEN (Joel Asaph). On the eared seals (Otariad®), with detailed descrip- 
tions of the North Pacific species, by J. A. Allen. Together with an account 
of the habits of the northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus), by Charles 
Bryant. < Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, .... II, No. 1 

= pp. 1 — 108. 

ALLMAN (George James). On the characters and affinities of Potamogale. 
.... < Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, VI, 1 — 10, pi. 

1-2, 1860. 

BAIRD (Spencer Fullerton). Mammals of North America; the descriptions 
of species based chiefly on the collections in the museum of the Smithsonian 
institution. «... With eighty-seven plates of original figures, illustrating the 
genera and species, and including details of external form and osteology. 

( 31 ) 


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32 


Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1859. [4to., 4 p. 1., xi — xxxiv, 735 
pp. 4- (Part II, 1 — 55 pp.) 736 — 764 pp., 87 pi. (29 col.) — $10; with col. pi., 
$15.] 

[“Part I. General report upon the Mammals of the several Pacific railroad 
routes. . • . . Washington, D. C., July, 1857 :” reprinted from the “Reports 
of explorations and surveys to ascertain the most practicable and economical 
route for a railroad from the Mississippi river to the Pacific Ocean. .... 
Volume VIII. Washington: .... 1857.” (CO pi. in v. VI, VII, VIII.) 
“ Part II. Special report upon the Mammals of the Mexican boundary. By 
Spencer F. Baird, «... With notes by the naturalists of the survey. Wash- 
ington, D. C., January, 1859:” reprinted from the “Report on the United 
States aud Mexican boundary survey, made under direction of the secretary 
of the interior, by William H. Emory, major first cavalry and United States 
commissioner. Volume II. Washington:.... 1859. (Part II. [§ 1.] Mam. 
mals of the boundary, ....)” 62 pp. 27 pi.] 

BLAINVILLE (Henri Marie Ducrotay de). Osteographie ou description ieo- 
nographlque compare du equelette et du systdme dentaire des Mauimi feres 
recents et fossilcs pour servir dc base a la zoologie et a la geologic | par II. M. 
Ducrotay de Blainville .... Ouvrage accompagnfi dc 323 planches litho- 
graphites sous sa direction par M. J. C. Werner, pcintre du Museum d’histoiro 
naturelle de Paris, precedfi d'une Itude sur la vie et les travaux de M. dc 
Blainville, par M. P. Picard. — [I — IV. — Sec “Contents.”] — Paris: J. B. Bail- 
li6rc ct fils .... 1839-1864. [Text, 4to., 4v.; Atlas, fol., 4v.] 

[Published in twenty-six fascicules ; the first twenty-five under the title: 
“ Osteographie ; ou, description iconographique compari-c du squelette et du 
systemc dentaire des cinq classes d'animaux vert£bres recents et fossilcs. pour 
servir de base a la zoologie et a la gcologie par M. H. M. Ducrotay de. Blain- 
ville .... Ouvrage accoinpagnc de planches lithographies sous sa direction 
par M. J. C. Werner • • • . Paris, Artlius Bertrand, • • . .” [1839-1853.] 
The twenty-sixth and last fascicule was issued with the special title above 
given, titles for the four volumes of text and four of plates, table of contents 
and index, by the Baillicres in 1864. The subscription price was 2 francs 35 
centimes per plate ; the price of the twenty -sixth livraison, 45 francs ; and of 
the whole, on completion, 800 francs, “ au lieu de 961 fr.” 

The culpable neglect of the publishers to give the dates of publication of the 
several fascicules lias doubtless devolved U]>on many investigators, as upon the 
writer, much trouble and annoyance in ascertaining them, and to save to 
Others similar trouble, a collation is here presented, the dates having chiefly 
been ascertained from Wagner’s annual reports in the “Archiv lur Natur- 
geschichte.” The appearance of successive fascicules has not been noticed in 
the ••Bibliographic de la France.” 

The titles of the respective monographs given below are those at the upper 
fourth of the first page of each monograph, and which are the only special 
titles published. 

The work is more remarkable as a methodical repertory of facts respecting 
superficial osteological details, than as a digest exhibiting acute appreciation of 
the value and subordination of characters and their taxonomical application, 
or orthodox views respecting classification and the geological succession of 


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33 


animals — the concurrent views of the most recent and approved investigators 
being the standard. The ‘‘genera, ” it must he remembered, arc generally 
about equal in extent to the families now generally adopted.] 

CONTENTS. 

Tome premier | Primates — Secundates | Avec atlas dc 50 planches. [7 pp -1- 0 
parts*, as below: — ] 

Atlas — Tome premier | compost de 50 planches | Primates — Secundates. [2 
p. 1. -f 5 parts, viz.: — ] 

[A title-page with the more general title [see above] and the addition: — “Mam- 
miferes — Tome premier” was issued with the first fascicule in “1830.” and 
another with the modification “Mammiferes. — Primates: Pithecus. Cebus. 
Lemur.” in “1841,” but both are superseded by the special title issued for the 
first volume with the twenty-sixth fascicule.] 

(Etnde sar la vie et leu travanx vie II. de Blainrille, par II. P. Nicard.) [1S64.— cexxlll. pp. 
< F. xxri] 

(Ml 1’osWiograpble en gdnferal. > Oni^ographi® do* Mammirtres. pp. 19-47). [1839.— 47 
pp. < F. 1.] 

([2?.] Ost£ograpble don Primatds.— Sar les primatC-s en gfcnfcral et Bar lea singe* ( Pithecus ) od 
particular.) [1839.— 52 pp. 11 pi. < F. i. <+ pi. 1 bis and Us. < F. xxr, 1855.)] 

[ A secondary general title for the Primates was issued as the first pnges (p 1 = 
1 1) of the preceding, viz.: “ OsttSographie de9 Mammiferes dc 1'ordre des Pri- 
mates, suivie de recherchcs sur l’histoire de la science a leur 6gard, les principes 
de leur classification, leur distribution g6ographique actuelle et leur ancienncte 
a la surface de la tore.”] 

([€?.] Oatdographie dea PrimatAa.— Sapajons (Cebus).) [1839. — 31 pp. 9 pi. =F. 11.] 

([2).] OstAographie des Primates. — Makla (Lemur).) [1830 — IS pp. 11 pi. < F. ill.] 

([£.] Memoir® *nr la ▼drltabio place d® l’Ayo-Ay® dana la sdrio des Mamin! fare*. I.a h la 
SoclAtd phllomatlqae, 1® 10 mal 1S16.) [1S39. — M) pp. < F. ill.— Plate < F. 111.— Plate 
=pl. 5 < D.) 

([F] Do l'anciennetfc de§ Primates a la aarfaco do la t«rre.) 68 pp. [1839] < F. It —Sana 

planchei.] 

([G> ] 0*t£«gmphie dea Cheiroptera* { VespertUto, L.).) [1S39.— 104 pp. 15 pi. < F. ▼.] 

([//.} OatAographie dea MammifAres inaectlvoroa (To/pa, 5or<x et Erinaceus, L.)) [1840 —115 
pp. 11 pi. *= F. ri.] 

Tome denxi&ne | Secundntes | Avec ntlasdc 117 planches, [viii.pp.4- 9 parts.] 
Atlas — Tome deuxieme | oomposi de 117 planches | Secundates. [2 p. 1.4-8 
partB, viz.: — ] 

([/.] Ovttographie dea Caruaasiera. [1840. — 85 pp. < F. ▼!!.] 

[A secondary title for the Carnassiers (I — Q) was issned as the first pages 
(p. 1 = 1 1) of the preceding, viz:: “ Osteographie des Carnassiers, prec£*d<*e de 
considerations sur l’histoire de la science a leur egard, les principes de leur 
classification, leur distribution gtfographique actuelle, et suivie de recherchcs 
sur leur anciennet6 a la surface dc la terre.”] 

([/.] Dea Phoqoes (O. Phoca, L.).) [1S40.— 51 pp. 10 pi. < F. Tll.J 
([AT ] Dea Oura (G. Ursus).) [1841 —94 pp. 18 pi. = P. Till.] 

([/, ] Des Petlt-oara (G. SuAureu®).) [1841.— 123 pp. 16 pi. = F. lx. (+ pi. 17 < F. x, 1842.] 


* The “parts” Is each mouograph or aeries distinguished by a special and complete pagination or 
numeration of plates. 

July. 1871. 


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84 


[With this fascicule was issued a general title limited thus : “ Mammifercs. — 
Camassiers : | Vespertilio. Talpa. Sorex. Erinaceus. Phoca. Ursus. Sub- 
ursus. * • • . 1841.”] 

([Jf ] Dos Mnstelaa (0. Musttla, L.).) [1812. — S3 pp. 15 pi. = F. x.] 

([>-.] Des Vivorraa.) [1812.— 100 pp. 13 pi. «= F. xl.] 

([O.] Dea Fella.) [1843.— 190 pp , 1 folded tab.. 19 pi. - F. xli. (+ pi. 20 •< F. xxv., 1855.)] 
<[P.] Dea Cauls.) [1843.— 160 pp. 16 pi. = F. xili.) 

([<?.] De* Hyinea.) [1844.— 84 pp. 8 pi. = F. xlr.] 

Tome troisieme | Qu&ternatcs | Avec atlas de 54 planches. [viii pp. -f- 5 
parts. ] 

Atlas — Tome troisieme | compost* de 54 planches | Quateraates. [2 p. 1. + 5 
parts, viz.:] 

([J?orS] Dea Elephants.) [1845.— 367 pp. 18 pi. *=F. xvl ] 

{[S or T] Du Dinotherinra.) [1845.— 64 pp. 3 pi. = F. xril.] 

([Tor (’] Des Laniautiua [Buffom, (Munatv.t, Scopoli), on Gravigrades aquatlqnes.) [1844. 
—140 pp. 11 pi. F. xv.] 

([F] Des Dainaa* fBuffon), (Hyraas).) [1845.— 47 pp. 3 pi. s= F. xrill.] 

([F or A'.] De* Rhinoceros (Buffon), (0. Rhinoceros, L.).) [1846.— 232 pp. 14 pi. = F. xx.] 
([Jf nnd Don-lettered. # ] Monographic da Cberal. G. Ego us.) 1864. [80 pp. < F. xxrl.] 

Tome quatrieme — Quatemates — Maldcntts J Avec atlas de 93 planches. [ vili. 
pp. 4- 8 parts. ] 

Atlas — Tome quatrieme | compost de 93 planches | Quaternatcs — Maldentts. 
[2 p. 1. -f- 11 parts.] 

([!'.] De* Palwotheriuros, Lopblodons, Anthracotheriums, Cboeropolames.) [1816.— 196 pp. 8 
-f 3 + 3 + 1 [= 15] pi. =F. xxi] 

([Z ] De* Tapir* (Buffon). (G. Tapir US, Brisaon).) [1846. — 52 pp. 6 pi. = F. xlx ] 

([.4.4.] Sar leu Hippopotnrae* (Buffon), (Hippopotamus, L.) et le8 Cochons (Buffon), (£»<#, L.).) 

1817. [248 pp. 8 + 9 [«=17] pi. < F. xxli.] 

([££.] De* Anoplolbvrium* (G. Curler) et *ur le* genre* pin* ou tuoin* different*: 

1849. [155 pp. 9 pi. = F. XXiii.] 

Xiphodon, 1 

Dlchobuue, r 0. Curler, 1822. 

Adapts, J 

Chalicotberium, J. Kutip, 1533. 

Calnotb^riam, Brarard, 1835. 

Microcboeru*, Sc.f Wood, 1846.) 

([CC.] Des Rural nant* (Pecora, L.) en general et en particular dea Cbameanx.de* Lama*, 
Buffo n. (0. Camelus, L.) 1850. [131 pp. 5 pi. = F. xxlr.] 

([/)/).] Osteograpble de* Pareseeux ( Brady pus , L.).) [1S40. — 64 pp. 6 pi. = F. t.] 

([££. Oenernl title.] Publicatiou posthume. — Explication des planches auirantea. 

Pilifi'rks. Genres. Oorilla, Siniiudon, Seiurua, Arctoraya, Castor, Caproraya, Myopota- 
mus, Hystrix, Carla, Equus, Camelopardalis, Myrmecophaga, Macrothcrium, Megathe- 
rium, Glyptodon, Toxodou, Elasmotberlnm, Macrauclienla et groupen qui »"y rattacheut. 
Sqd ammiflres. Genre Crocodilua et groupes gentriques roisina. 

OaT^oxoaiar.8. Signification des oa du crane dans lea direraes classes de re type. 1855. 
[63 pp. 41 pi.] 

Table alphab6tique des quatre rolumea. 1855. [Ixri. pp. < F. xxrl ] 

BRANDT (Johann Friedrich). Symbol® sircnologic®, [fasciculus I.] quibus 
praccipue lihytime bistoria naturalis illustratur. .... (1845). < Mi-moires 


* The first series of letters is given in the list of monographs opposite title page*, and the second In 
the table of contents of the third volume, 
f The cacograpby of the original is copied. 


Merycopotamns, 

Hippobyns, 

Paloplotheriom, 

Dicbodon, 

Hyopotamns, 


Falconer et Cauteley,| 
1847. 

R. Owen, 1848. 


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85 


de l’Acadtfmle Imp^rialc dee Sciences de St. P£*tersbourg. Sixieme sf-rie. 
Sciences mathlmatiques, physiques et n at n relies. Tome VII. Seconde partie : 
Sciences naturelles. Tome VII. •••. 1849. — Zoologic et physiologic, 1 — 160, 
pi. 1 — 5. 

BRANDT (Johann Friedrich). Beltrage zur nahern kenntniss der saugethiere 
Russland's. Von J. F. Brandt. (1851.) < lb. Sixieme s£rie. Sciences 

malhematiques, physiques, et naturelles. Tome IX. Seconde partie. Sci- 
ences naturelles. Tome VII. • • • . 1855. — Zoologic et physiologie. 1 — 305. 

[Vierte abhandlung. Blicke auf die allmaligen fortschritte in der groppirung 
der Kager [Glires] mit specieller beziehung auf die geschichte der gattung 
Castor, besonders dcs altwcltlichrn Bibers. (pp. 77 — 124.) Fiinfte abhand- 
lung. Untersuchungen fiber die craniologischen entwickelungsstufen und die 
davon herzuleitenden verwandtschaften und classificationen der Nager der 
jetztwelt, mit besonderer beziehung auf die gattung Castor, (pp. 125 — 336, 
pi. i— xi + va.)] 

Symbol® sirenologica*. Fasciculus II et III. Sireniorum, Pachyder- 

matum, Zeuglodontum et Cetaceorum ordinis osteologia comparata, nec non 

Sireniorum generum monograph!® Pctropoli, 1861-08. [4to., 3 p. 

1. 383 (+1) pp. 9 pi.] < M (‘moires de 1’ Academic Imperiale des Sciences 
de St. P(*tersbourg, Sixieme serie. Sciences naturelles. 1 — 365, 19 pi. 

De Dinotheriorum genere Elephantidorum famili® ndjugendo nec non de 

Elephaniidorum generum crnniologia comparata. • • • . St. Pftersbourg, .... 
1869. [4to. 1—38 pp.] < lb. XIV, No. 1. 

Untersuchungen fiber die gattungKlippschliefer(IIyraxHerm.), besonders 

in anatomischer und verwandtscliaftlicher beziehung nebst bemerkungen fiber 
ihre verbreitung und lebensweisc. .... St. Petcrsbourg, 1869. .... [4to. 

Ti, 127 pp. 8 pi.] <■ lb. XIV, No. 3. 

BURMEISTER (Carl Hermann Conrad, or, Hispanice, German). Dcscripcion 
de la Macrauchenia pataclionica. cAnales del Museo publico de Buenos 
Aires, . . . , para German Burmeister, director del Museo publico de Buenos 
Aires. .... I, 32—65, pi. 1—4. 1864. 

Fauna argentina. — Primera parte. Mamifcros fosilcs. <Ib. I, 87—232, 

pi. 5— 8. 1866. 

[Contains monographs of Gravigrada (pp. 149—182, pi. v) and Effodienta, a, 
Biloricata. — ». e. Qlyptodontc* (pp. 183 — 231, pi. vi — viii).] 

Descripcion de cuatro especies de Delfincs de la costa argentina. » lb. I, 

867 — 445, pi. xxi — xxviii, 1869. 

[Contains an anatomical monograph on Pontoporia Plain rillii y demonstrat- 
ing its affinity with the Delphinid®. ] 

Monografia de los Glyptodontes en el museo publico de Buenos Aires. 

< lb. II, 1—107, pi. 1—12, 1870. [To be continued.] 

CARUS (Julius Victor). Handbuch der zoologie von Jul. Victor CaniB, • • • 
und C. E. A. Gerstaecker, .... Ereter band. I. halfte. Wirbelthiere, bearb- 
eitet von J. Victor Carus. — Leipzig: Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, 1868. 


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[8vo., Bogen 1—27. — 2§ th.J I. classe. Mammalia, [Siiugethierc. pp. 39— 
101.] 

COPE (Edward Drinkard). An addition to the extinct vertebrate fauna of the 
miocene period, with a synopsis of the extinct Cetacea of the United States. 

• • • . < Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 

1867, 138-156. 

[Cynorcidte distinguished.] 

DOYERE (M • F • ..L •• • N •••). Notice sur tin mammtferc do Madagascar, 
formant 1c type d’trn nouveau genre [Euplerc] dc la famille des camassiers iu- 
sectivores do M. Cuvier; par 31. Doyere. <Annales des sciences naturelles 

• • • . Seconde slrie. Tome quatrieme. Zoologie. 1835, 270 — 283, pi. 8. 

EDWARDS (Alphonse Milne). Recherche, anatomiques, zoologiqur-s et pa- 
leoutologiques but la famille ilea CUevrotaina [Moachidaa et Tragulidic]. • • • . 

< AnnalcsdeaScionceaNatiirellea. Cinquieme aerie. Zoologie et Palliontologic. 
.... II, 1864, pp. 49—167, pi. 2—12. 

M (moire aur une nouvelle famille de l’ordre des Rongeurs [Lophiomides], ' 

.... < Nouvcllca Archives du Museum d’Uistoire Jiaturelle de Paris, III, 

81—118, pi. 6—10, 1867. 

EDWARDS (Henri Milne et Alphonse Milne). Kechcrches pour servir a 
l’histoirc naturclle des 31 am mi feres. • • • . Paris : Victor Masson et fils, • • • , 
1808 [— ) 1870. [4to., liv. ler__5«r._Ckaque livr. 13 fr. ] 

FALCONER (Hugh). On the disputed affinities of the mammalian genus Pla- 
giaulax, from the Purbeck beds. • • • . < The Quarterly Journal of the Geo- 

logical Society of London, XVIII, 1862, 348 — SG9. 

Palreontological memoirs and notes of the late Hugh Falconer, A.M., M.D. 

• * • . With a biographical sketch of the author. Compiled and edited by 
Charles 3Iurchison, 31. D., F.R.S. • • • . [See “Contents.”] London : Robert 
Hardwicke, • • • . 1868. [8vo., 2 vols. (I,) lvi, 590 pp. 34 pi.; (II,) xiii, 675 
pp. 38 pi. — 42 sh. ] 

CONTENTS. 

Vol. I. Fauna antiqua sivalcnsis. 

“ II. Mastodon, Elephant, Rhinoceros, Ossiferous caves, Primeval man and 
his cotemporaries. 

FISCHER (Paul). Mimoirc sur les cltacls du genre Zipliins, Cuvier. • • • . 
<Nouvelles Archives du Muslum d'Histoire Naturclle de Paris, III, 41—79, 
pi. 4, 1867. 

[Contains a synopsis of the Ziphioidcs.] 

FLOWER (William Henry). Notes on the skeletons of whales in the principal 
museums of Holland and Belgium, with descriptions of two species apparently 
new to science. • • • . Proceedings of the scientific meetings of the Zoo- 
logical Society for the year 18C4, 884 — 420. 

Description of the skeleton of Inia geoffrensis and of the skull of Pon- 

toporia blainvillii, with remarks on the systematic position of these animals 


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in the order Cetacea. • • • . < Transactions of the Zoological Society of Lon- 

don, VI, 87—110, pi. 4, 1807. 

[Contains a systematic synopsis of the families and subfamilies Cetaceans.] 

FLOWER (William Henry). On the affinities and probable habits of the 
extinct Australian marsupial, Thylacoleo carnifex, Owen. • . • . < The Quar- 

terly Journal of the Geological Society of London, XXIV, 18G8, 807 — 319. 

On the value .of the characters of the base of the cranium in the classifica- 
tion of the order Carnivora, and on the systematic position of Ilassaris and 
other disputed forms. • • • . < Proceedings of the scientific meetings of the 

Zoological Society of London, for the year 1809, 4 — 37. 

On the anatomy of the Proteles, Proteles cristatus (Sparrman). • • . . < lb. 

18G9, 474 — 190, pi. 30. 

GAUDRY (Albert). Animaux fossiles et gt*ologie de l’Attique, d’apres les 
recherches faites en 1855-56 et en 1800 sous les auspices de l’Academie des 
Sciences par Albert Gaudry. Paris : F. Sory, dditeur, 1803 — 1867. [4to., 

474 pp. 1 1.; atlas 4 p. 1., 1 map, 75 pi. — Published in 19 iivr., at 6 fr. each.] 

GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE (Isidore). Museum d’histoire naturelle de 

Paris. — Catalogue methodique de la collection des Mammiferes, de la collection 
des Oiseaux et des collections annexes. Par lc professeur-administrateur 
M. Isidore Geoffroy Saint-llilaire, • • • et les aides-naturalistes JIM. Florcnt 
Prevost et Pucheran. — Paris : Gido et Baudry, • • • . 1851. [8vo. 3 p. 1. — 

(Introduction.) xv. pp. — (Premiere partie. — Mammiferes. — Catalogue des 
Primates, par M. Isidore Geoffroy Saint-llilaire.) 1 p. 1. vii, 90 pp.] 

GERVAIS (Paul). Histoire naturelle des Mammiferes avec Vindication de 
leurs moeurs, et de leurs rapports avec les arts, le commerce et ragriculture 
• • • . [See “Contents/’] Paris L. Gunner • • • . 1854 [ — ] 1855. [8vo., 2 v. 
(I) xxiv, 418 pp. 1 1. 18 col. pi., 14 uncol. pi.— 21 fr.; (II) 2 p. 1. 344 pp., 40 
col. pi., 29 uncol. pi.— 25 fr.] 

CONTEXTS. 

l re partie. [Introduction, Primates, Cheiroptercs, Insectivores, Rongeurs.] • • • 
1854. 

[2° partie.] Carnivores, Proboscidiens, Jumcntes, Bisulques, fedentC*s, Mar- 
supiaux, Monotremes, Phoques, Sirenides et Cctaces. • • . . 1855. 

■ Animaux nduveaux ou rares recneillcs pendant l’£*xpedition dans les 

parties centrales do l’Ameriquo du Sud do Rio de Janeiro A Lima, et de 
Lima au Para ; exccut£e par ordre du gouvernement franqais pendant les 
annees 1843 a 1847, sous la direction du comte Francis dc Castelnau. • • . 
Mammiferes par M. Paul Gervais, • • • Paris, chez P. Bertrand, • . . 1805 
[2 p. 1., 110 pp. 20 pi.] < Castelnau (Francois de Laporte, comte de). Ex- 
pedition dans les parties centrales de l’Amerique du Sud, de Rio de Janeiro a 
Lima, et de Lima au Para. 7° partie. Zooiogie. 

GIEBEL (Christian Gottfried Andreas). Die Saugethicre In zoologischer, 
anatomischcr und paljeontologischer bezieliung umfassend dargestellt, • • • . 
Leipzig : verlag von Ambrosius Abel. 1855. [8vo., xii, 1108 pp. — 7 r. th. 10 
n. g-1 


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GILL (Theodore Nicholas). Prodrome of a monograph of the Pinnipedes. 
• • • . < Communications of the Essex Institute. V, pp. 1 — 13, 1866. 

The eared seals. [A review of memoir on the cared seals ( Otari ada*), etc., 

by J. A. Allen.] <■ The American naturalist, a popular illustrated magazine 
of natural history. IV, 675. 

On the Sperm-whales [Physeteridw], giant and pygmy.* • •. <Ib. IV, 

725—743, 1871. 

Synopsis of the primary subdivisions of the Cetaceans. • • • . < Com- 
munications of the Essex Institute. VI, 121 — 126, 1871. 

GRAY (John Edward). Catalogue of the specimens of Mammalia in the collec- 
tion of the British museum. Part III. Ungulata furcipedn. .... London: 
printed by order of the trustees. 1832. [12mo., xvi, 286 pp. 37 pi. — 12 sh.] 

Catalogue of Seals [Pinnipedia] and Whales [Cete] in the British mu- 
seum. .... Second edition. London : printed by order of the trustees. 1866. 
[8 vo., vii, 402 pp. — 8 sli.J 

Synopsis of the genera of Vcspertilionida* and Noctilionid®. «... < The 

Aunalsaud Magazine of Natural History, • • • XVII. Thirdseries, 1866, 89—93. 

A revision of the genera of Khinolophida?, or horseshoe bats. .... < Pro- 
ceedings of the scientific meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the 
year I860, 81 — 83. 

Revision of the genera of Phyllostomidsc, or leaf-nosed bats. .... < lb., 

1860, 111—118. 

• Catalogue of Carnivorous, Pachydermatous, and Edentate Mammalia in 

the British museum. .... London : printed by order of the trustees. I860. 
[8vo., 4 p. 1. 898 pp. — G sh. 0 d.] 

Catalogue of Monkeys, Lemurs, and Fruit-eating Bats in the collection of 

the British museum. «... Loudon : printed by order of the trustees. 1870. 
[8vo., viii, 187 pp.] 

HUXLEY (Thomas Henry). On the osteology of the genus Glyptodon. «... 
< Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, CLV, 1865. 
81—70, pi. 4—9. 

On the structure of the stomach in Desmodus rufus. .... ■< Proceedings 

of the scientific meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the year 18G3- 
380—390. 

Reports of Professor Huxley’s lectures on “The structure and classifica- 
tion of the Mammalia,” delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons. < The 
Medical Times and Gazette, 1864, I and II, viz: — 

Lecture I [ — ] IX. ANTimoriNi. [I, 153 : Distinctive characters and skele- 
ton. II, 177 : Muscles. Ill, 20 : Extremities. IV, 229 ; V, 250 : Brain. 
VI, 284 : Teeth and organs of reproduction. VII, 312 : Development. 
VIII. 843 ; IX, 369 : Variations and number of species.] 

Lecture X [—] XIX. ANTimoPOMOiirnA. [{Troglodytes niger.) X, 398; 
XI, 428; XII, 456: Skeleton and muscles. XIII, 486: Larynx, Teeth, 


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Brain. XIY, 509 : Organs of reproduction, development, variations. 

Troglodyte* gorilla XIV, 509; XV, 537 ; XVI, 504. (Simianatyru*.) 

XVI, 564 ; XVII, 595; XVIII, 017. ( Hylobate •). XVIII, 017; 

XIX, 047. (Characteristic* of Aktiiropomorpha). XIX, 647.] 

Lecture XX [ — ] XXI. Cynopituecina. (v. I,) p. 071. (v. II,) pp. 

12 ; 40 ; 93 ; 128. 

Lecture XXII [ — ] XXIII. Platyrhini. pp. 93; 123. 

Lecture XXIII. Arctopitdecini. p. 124. 

Lecture XXIV. Lemurini. Citeiromyini. Recapitulation, p. 145. 

HUXLEY (Thomas Henry). Professor Huxley’s Lectures at tlie Royal College 
of Surgeons. [On Mammalia], < The Lancet, I860, I, viz : — 

Lecture I [ — ] IV. Sirenja. pp. 157 — 158; 180; 214 — 215; 239. 

Lecture IV [— ] IX. Cetacea, pp. 239 ; 208; 201 ; 324—325 • 350; 381. 

Lecture X [ — ] XI. Pinnipedia, pp. 434—435; 405 — 400. 

Lecture XII. Dog. p. 007. 

LEIDY (Joseph). The extinct mammalian fauna of Dakota and Nebraska, 
including an account of some allied forms from other localities, together with 
a synopsis of the mammalian remains of North America. • • • . Preceded 
with an introduction on the geology of the tertiary formations of Dakota and 
Nebraska, by F. V. Hayden, M. D. Philadelphia, 1809. = Journal of the 
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. VII, second series. Phila- 
delphia : published for the Academy, by J. B. Lippincott & Co. 1809. [4to., 

472 pp., 30 pi., 1 map.— $20.] 

LILLJEBORG (Wilhelm). Systematisk ofvereigt af dc Gnagande Daggdjuren, 
Glires. • • • . Uppsala: Kongl. akad. bocktrykerict, 1800. [4to., 1 p. 1. 59 pp. 
3 folded tables.] 

McCOY (Frederick). On the speciesof Wombats [Phascolomyida?]. (Abstract.) 
.... <■ Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 
VIII, 200—270. 1868. 

MARTIN (William Charles Linnaeus). A general introduction to the Natural 
History of Maminiferous Animals, with a particular view of the Physical 
History of Man, and the more closely allied genera of the order Quadrumana, 
or Monkeys, .... Illustrated with 296 anatomical, osteological, and other 
incidental engravings on wood, and 12 full plate representations of animals, 
drawn by William Harvey. London: Wright & Co. 1841. [8vo., 1 p. 1. 
545 pp., 12 pi. — 16 sh.] 

MTV ART (St. George). Notes on the crania and dentition of the Lemuridee. 
.... < Proceedings of the Zoological 8ociety of London, 1804, 611 — 648. 

Contributions towards a more complete knowledge of the axial skeleton in 

the Primates. .... <Ib., 1865, 545—592. 

[Contains a synoptical arrangement of the order.] 

On the structure and affinities of Microrhynchus laniger [Lemurida?]. • • • . 

<Ib., 1860, 151. 

On the skull of Indris diadema [Lemuridie]. .... < lb., 1867, 247. 

Additional notes on the osteology of the Lemuridffi. .... < lb., 1807, 900. 


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MIVART (St. George). Notes on the osteology of the Inseetivora. • • • . — 
< The Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, I, 1807. 281—312 ; II, 1808, 
117 — 134. [Contains a descriptive synopsis of the order. ] 

Notes sur l'osteologie des Insectivores. ■ • • . < Annales des Sciences 

Naturcllcs. Cinquieme serie. Zoologie et paKonlologie, VIII, 1807, 221 — 284 ; 
IX, 1808, 811— 373. 

[A translation of the preceding.] 

MORGAN (Lewis Henry). The American Beaver [Castoridte] and his works. 

■ • • . Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincotl & Co. 1808. [8vo., 330 pp., 1 map, 23 
pi.— $3.] 

MURIE (James). On the saiga antelope, Saiga tartarica (Pall.) • • • . < Pro- 

ceedings of the scientific meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the 
year 1870, 451 — 503. 

Notes on the anatomy of the prongbuck, Antilocapra americaua. 

.... < lb. 1870, 334—308. 

OWEN, P.R.S. (Richard). On the osteology of the Marsupialia. .... < Trans- 
actions of the Zoological Society of London, II, 1841, 379 — 408, pi. 68 — 71. 

Outlines of a classification of the Marsupialia. .... < lb., II, 1841. 815 — 

333. 

Description of the skeleton of an extinct gigantic sloth ( Mylodon to- 

bualus, Owen), with observations on the osteology, natural affinities, and 
probable habits of the Megatherioid quadrupeds in general. By Richard 
Owen, F. It. S., Hunterian professor and conservator of the museum of the 
Royal college of surgeons in London. Published by direction of the council. 
London : • • • Sold by John Van Voorst, .... 1842. [4to., 170 pp., 24 pi. 
w. 24 expl. 1. ] 

Description of some species of the extinct genus Nesodon, with remarks on 

ttoe primary group (Toxodontia) of hoofed quadrupeds, to which that genus 
is referable. .... < Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of Lon- 

don. For the year MDCCCLIII. vol. 148, 291 — 310, pi. 15 — 18. 

Paleontology or a systematic summary of extinct animals and their geolo- 
gical relations. .... Edinburgh : Adam and Charles Black. 1800. [8vo. 
xv, 420 pp. ] 

PETERS (Wilhelm Carl Hartwig). [22. Mai 1805.] Hr. W. Peters legte 
Abhandlungen zu einer monographic der Chiropteren vor und gab eine t'ber- 
sicht der von ihm befolgteu systematischcn ordnung der hieher gehorigen 
gattungen. < Monatsberi elite der koniglichen Preuss. Akademic der Wis- 
senschaften zu Berlin, 1805, 256 — 258. 

— [13. Juli 1865.] Hr. W. Peters las fiber flederthiere ( Vetpertilio soricinus 

Pallas, ChoToenyctoris Liclitenst., Rhinophylla pumilio nov. gen., Artibeus 
fallax nov. sp., A. concolor nov. sp., Dermanura quadrivittatum nov. sp., 
Nycteri* grandis n. sp.). < lb., 1865, 351 — 359. 

[Contains a synopsis of Stenodermina 1 , pp. 856—359; continued on p. 524.] 


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PETERS (Wilhelm Carl Hartwig). [16. October 1865.] Hr. IV. Peter6 las 
fiber die zu den Yamplri gehOrigcn flcdertldere uud fiber die naturliche stel- 
lung dcr gattung Antrozous. -c lb., 1865, 508 — 524 

[22. Jnnl.] Hr. W. Peters las fiber die zu den Glossopbaga) gehorigen 

fledertliierc und fiber cine neue art der gattung Coleura. <: lb., 1868, 361 — 
386, 1 pi. 

PICTET (Franooia Jules). Trait 6 de Paldontologic ou bistoire naturellc des 
animaux fossiles consid£r£s dans leurs rapports zoologiques et gdologiques. 
.... Secondc ddition, revue, corrigee, conslddrabiement augmentf-o, accom- 
pagnde d’un atlas de 110 planches grand in -4”. • • • .Paris, cbezJ.-B. Bailliere, 
. . . 1853 [— ] 1857. [8vo. 4 v. ; 4to. atlas.— 80 fr.] 

RUTIMEYER (Ludwig). Vcrsuch einer natih lichen geschichtc des rindes, 
in seiuen beziehungen zn den Wiederkauern im allgemeinen. [Eine ana- 
tomisch-palaeontologische monographie yon Linnd’s genus bo *. .... [4to., 

Erste abtheilung. 102 pp. 1 1. 2 pi. ; Zweite abtbeilung, 175 pp., 4 pi.] 
c Neue Denkscbriften der allgemeinen scbweizerischen Oescllscliaft fur die 
gesammten Naturwissenschaften. — Nouveaux mtfmoires de la Soci6t6 bclv£- 
tique des sciences naturelles. XXIII, [Dritte dekadc, II]. 1867. 

SCLATER (Philip Lutley). Remarks on the arrangement and distribution of 
tbe Cervidffl. .... < Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1870, 
114—115. 

TURNER (H • • • N . . • , jun.). On the evidences of affinity afforded by tbe 
skull in the Ungulate mammalia. .... < Proceedings of tbe Zoological 

Society of London. Part XVII, 1849, 147 — 158. 

VAN BENEDEN (Pierre Joseph). Rechercbes sur les Squalodons. .... 
< Mdmoires de l’Acadtmie royalo de Belgique, XXXV, 1865. 

WATERHOUSE (George R ■ • ■). A Natural nistory of the Mammalia 

[See “Contents.”] London: Hippolyte Bailliere, ■ • •• 1846 [ — ] 1848 [8vo., 
(I), 8 p. 1. 553 pp., 22 pi. (11 col.). — ; (II,) 1 pi. 500 pp., 22 pi. (11 col.). — 
each 29 sb ; col., 84 sh 6 d.] 

CONTENTS. 

Vol. I. Containing the order Marsupiata, or Pouched animals, with 22 illus- 
trations engraved on steel, and 18 engravings on wood. 

Vol. II. Containing the order Rodentia, or Gnawing mammalia ; with 23 
illustrations engraved on steel, and [8] engravings on wood. 


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SYNOPTICAL TABLES 


or 

CHARACTERS 


OF THE SUB-DIVISIONS OF 


MAMMALS, 


WITH 


A CATALOGUE OF THE GENERA. 


WASHINGTON, D.O. 
1871 . 


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MAMMALS 


Abranchiate Vertebrates with a brain whose cerebral hemispheres are more or less 
connected (and in nearly inverse ratio) by an anterior commissnre, and a superior 
transverse commissure (corpns callosum) ; the latter more or less roofing in the lateral 
ventricles: lungs and heart in the thorax, separated from the abdominal viscera 
by a muscular diaphragm : aorta single and reflected over the left bronchus : blood 
with red non-nucleated blood-corpuscles ; undergoing a complete circulation, being 
entirely received and transmitted by the right half of the quadrilooular heart to the 
lungs for aeration, (and warmed,) and afterwards returned by the other half through 
the system. Skull with two condyles, chiefly developed on the exoccipital elements, 
(one on each side of the foramen magnum): with the malleus and incus superadded as 
specialized auditory ossicles: and the lower jaw (composed of a pair of simple rami) 
articulated directly by convex condyles with the squamosal bones. Dermal append- 
ages developed as hairs. Viviparous: foetns developed from a minute egg : young 
nourished after birth by a fluid (milk) secreted in peculiar glauds (mammary) by 
the mother. 


SUB-CLASSES. 


I. Brain with superior transverse commissure composed of a body as well as 
psalterial fibres ; aud with a well developed septum. Sternum with 
no element in front of the manubrium or presternum. Coracoid not con- 
nected with the sternum, but early ancliylosed with and developed as a 
simple process of the scapula. Oviducts debouching into a double or single 
vagina, (aud not into a common cloacal chamber). Testes variable in po- 
sition, but the vasa defereutia open directly or indirectly into a distinct 
and complete urethra, (and not into a cloacal cavity). Ureters discharge 
directly into the bladder the renal secretion, which thence passes into the 
urethra. Mammary glands with well developed nipples. 

A. Brain with the cerebral hemispheres connected by a more or less well- 
developed corpus callosum and a reduced anterior commissure. Vagiua 
a single tube, but sometimes with a partial septum. Young retained 
within the womb till of considerable size and nearly perfect development, 
and deriving its nourishment from the mother through the intervention 
of a “placenta” (developed from the allantois) till birth. Scrotum 
never in front of penis. 

MONODELPHIA. (I.) 

B. Brain with the cerebral hemispheres chiefly connected by a well-de- 
veloped auterior commissure, the corpus callosum beiug rudimentary. 


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Vagina more or less completely dividing into two separate passages. 

Young born when of very small size and imperfect development ; never 
connected by a placenta with the mother, but when born attached by 
her to the nipple, from which the milk is forced by herself into the 
mouth of the young. Scrotum iu front of penis. 

DIDELPHIA. (II.) 


II. Brain with the superior transvorso commissure with no well defined 
psaltorial fibres ; and with the septum very much reduced in size. (Flower). 

Sternum with a peculiar T-shaped bone (the episternnm or interclavicle) 
iu advance of the manubrium or presternum. Coracoid extending from 
the clavicle to the sternum, and only towards maturity ancliylosed with 
the scapula. The oviducts, enlarged below into uterine pouches, but open- 
ing separately from one another, as in oviparous vertebrates, debouch, 
not into a distinct vagina, bnt into a cloacal chamber, common to the 
urinary and genital prodnets, and to the fajees. Testes abdominal hi posi- 
tion throughout life, and the vasa deferentia open into the cloaca, and not 
into a distinct urethral passage. Ureters pour the renal secretion, not 
into the bladder, which is connected with the upper extremity of the cloaca, 
but iuto the latter cavity itself. Mammary glands with no distinct nip- 
ples. (Huxley.) 

ORNITHODELPHIA. (III.) 


I. MONODELPHIA 

ORDERS. 

I. Brain with a relatively large cerebrum, behind overlapping much or All 
of the cerebellum, and in frout much or all of the olfactory lobes : corpus 
callosum (attypically) continued horizontally backwards to or beyond 
the vertical of the hippocampal sulcus, developing in front a well-defined 
recurved rostrum. 

SUPER-ORDER EDUCABILIA. 

A. Posterior members and pelvis well dovoloped. Periotic and tympanic 
bones articulated with the squamosal; (etypically, free and otherwise 
modified, e. g. Fapiridae'). 

1. Legs almost or entirely exserted outside of the common abdominal 
integumeut. First digit (great toe) of hind foot (pes) enlarged, op- 
posable to the others, (exceptionally resuming parallelism with them,) 
furnished with a nail. Brain with a well-developed calcarine sulcus 
giving rise to a hippocampus minor within the posterior cornu of the 
ventricle by which the posterior lobe of the cerebrum is traversed. 
(Flower.) (Incisors four in each jaw ; etypically, two — or all in upper 
Jaw — suppressed. Clavicles completely developed.) 


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a. Digits with corneous appendages developed as claws (1. e. com- 
pressed) or, attypically, as nails (i. e. depressed). Teeth of three 
kinds, (canines of second set etypically atrophied.) all encased 
in euamel ; (molars mostly two- or three-rooted). Placenta decidu- 
ate, discoidal. 

PRIMATES. (I.) 

2. Legs with the proximal Joints (humerus and femur) more or less 
inclosed in the common abdominal integument. First digit of hind 
foot attypically reduced or atrophied ; etypically hypertrophied (e. g. 
Pinnipedia), Brain with no calcarine sulcus. (Incisors archetypically 
six in each Jaw; etypically, two or more suppressed. Clavicles 
rudimentary, or — in (b) Ungulate Series — none.) 

a. Digits with corneous appendages developed as claws. Teeth of 
three kinds, all encased with enamel: canines specialized and 
robust : (molars mostly two- or three-rooted— etypically oue-root- 
ed, — attypically one (^-,) or n,ore * n each jaw sectorial, followed 
by tubercular ones. ) Scaphoid and lunar consolidated into one bone. 

Placenta deciduate, zonary. 

FERAE. (H.) 

b. Digits with corneous appendages developed as hoofs. Teeth of 
three kinds, (canines and incisors of second set exceptionally in 
part undeveloped,) all encased in enamel : (molars attypically two- or 
three-rooted, attypically with grinding surfaces.) Scaphoid aud 
lunar separate. Placeuta diversiform. 

b. 1. Incisors (archetypically often, especially in the upper Jaw, 
reduced in number or wholly suppressed ; implanted by simple 
roots,) with incisorial crowns. Feet with inferior (or, rather, pos- 
terior) surfaces with a hairy skin continuous with the rest of the 
integument: carpal bones in two interlocking rows; cuueiform 
narrow and affording a diminished surface of attachment forwards 
for the ulna (which is retrorse beside the radius); unciform and 
lunar articulating with each other and interposed between the 
cuneiform and magnum: hind foot with the astragalus at its an- 
terior portion scarcely deflected inwards, articulating more or less 
with the cuboid as well a3 navicular: toes (not more than four 
completely developed) with terminal joints encased in thick 
hoofs. Placenta non -deciduate, (diffuse or cotyledonary). 

TJNGULATA. (m.) 

b. 2. Incisors ($ or | ; variable as to insertion,) with incisorial 
crowns. Feet mostly uukuown: carpal bones unknown: hind 
foot with the astragalus at its anterior portion inclined obliquely 
inwards, articulating in front only with the navicular. Calcaneum 
with an extensive upwards surface for the articulation of the 
fibula, and with a large lateral process articulating in front with 


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the astragalus. Molars of upp«*r jaw broad and extending into an 
externo-anterior angle ; of lower jaw, narrow and continuous in a 
uniform row. 

TOXODONTIA. (IV.) 

b. 3. Incisors (J) of upper jaw next to symphysis (with persistent 
pulps) long and curved; those of lower jaw straight and nor- 
mal. Feet with inferior surfaces furnished with pads, (as in 
Rodents and Carnivores): carpal bones in two interlocking rows; 
cuneiform extending inwards, (and articulating with magnum,) 
and affording an enlarged Burface of attachment forwards for the 
ulna (which is antrorsely produced); unciform and lunar separat- 
ed by the interposition of the cuneiform and magnum: hind foot 
with the astragalus at its anterior portion extended and, as a 
whole, much deflectod inwards, articulating in front only with 
the navicular: toes (four to the frout feet, three to the hind) with 
terminal. phalanges encased in hoofs; (inner nail of hiud foot 
curved). Placenta deciduate, zonary. 

HYRACOIDEA. (V.) 


b. 4. Incisors ($, or, in extinct forms, *- or renewed from per- 
sistent pulps,) developed as loug tusks curved outwards. Feet 
with palmar and plantar surfaces invested iu extended pad-like 
integuments, which also underlie the toes: carpal bones in two 
regular (not interlocking) rows, broad and short; cuneiform ex- 
tended inwards — broad, and furnishing an enlarged surface of 
attachment forwards for the ulna (which is antrorsely produced). 

Unciform directly in front of cuneiform, and magnum directly in 
front of lunar: hind foot with the astragalus at its anterior por- 
tion very short, (convex,) and not deflected inwards, articulating 
iu front only with the navicular: toes (five to each foot, in known 
forms,) encased in broad shallow hoofs. Placenta deciduate, 
zonary. — Snout produced into a very long proboscis. Legs mostly 
exserted outside the abdominal integument; and with the proxi- 
mal and succeeding joints extensible in the same line. 

PR0B0SCIDEA. (VL) 


B. Posterior members and pelvis more or less completely atrophied ; the 
form of the body being fish- like, furnished with a horizontal tail, and 
specialized for progression in the water. Periotic and tympanic bones 
anohylosed together, but not articulated with the squamosal. 

1. Brain narrow. Sknll with the foramen magnnm posterior, directed 
somewhat downwards: supra-occipital nearly vertical and not ex- 
tending forwards, the parietals meetiug and interposed between it and 
the frontals. Periotic with a posterior irregularly rounded part; 
tympanic annuli form. Lower jaw with well-developed ascending rami 
and normal transverse condyles and coronoid processes. Lateral teeth 
molar, and adapted to trituration of herbage. Keck moderate ; second 


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cervical vertebra with an odontoid process. Anterior members mod- 
erately long, flexed at the elbow; with carpal bones and phalanges 
directly articulated with the adjoining ones ; and with normal digits. 

Mamins two, pectoral. — Heart deeply fissured between the ventricles. 

SIRENTA. (VH.) 


2. Brain broad. Shall with the foramen magnum entirely posterior, 
directed somewhat upwards: supra- occipital very large, sloping for- 
wards, and (attypically) extending forwards over or between the 
frontals. Periotic attenuated backwards; tympanic solid, entire. 

Lower jaw with no ascending ramus, with its narrow condyles at the 
posterior extremities or angles of the rami, and with only rudimentary 
coronoid processes. Teeth conio or compressed, monophyodont. Neck 
attypically very short; second cervical vertebra with no odontoid 
process. Anterior members (attypically) abbreviated, extended back- 
wards in a continuous line; with carpal bone9 and phalanges often 
separated by cartilage ; and with the second digit composed of more 
than three phalanges. Mammae two, inguinal. 

CETE. (Vm.) 


II. Brain with a relatively small cerebrum, leaving behind much of the 
cerebellum exposed, and in front much of the olfactory lobes: corpus 
callosum extending more or less obliquely upwards and terminating before 
the vertical of the hippocampal sulcus ; with no well defined rostrum in 
front. 

SUPER-ORDER INEDUCABILIA. 


A. Teeth encased in enamel: incisors (very variable as to number) with- 
out persistent pulps: canines present (but sometimes modified in form): 
molars attypically with sharp and pointed cusps. Lower jaw with 
condyles transverse, received into special glenoid sockets. Placenta 
discoidal deciduate. 

1. Anterior members adapted for flight: the ulna and radius being 
united, and the metacarpal bones and phalanges — 2 to 5 — much 
elongated; the whole sustaining a very thin leathery skin arising 
from the sides of the body, and extending backwards on the hind 
members, down to their tarsi. Mammae pectoral. 

CHIROPTERA. (IX.) 


2. Anterior as well as posterior members adapted for walking or grasp- 
ing: the* ulna and radius entirely or partly separated: metacarpal 
bones and phalanges normally developed. Mamma abdominal : 
(etypically — in Dermoptera, ko. — pectoral). 


July, 1871. 


INSECTIVORA. 


(X.) 


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B. Teeth encased in enamel: incisors ( j ; exceptionally, also two sup- 
plementary posterior teeth,) continually reproduced from persistent pulps, 
and growing in a circular direction: canines none: molars attypically 
with ridged surfaces. Bower jaw with condyles longitudinal, and not 
received in special glenoid sockets, bnt gliding freely backwards and 
forwards in longitudinal furrows. Members and feet ambulatorial. 

Placenta discoidal deciduate. 

GLIRES. (XI.) 

C. Teeth (when developed) not encased in enamel: incisors typically 
absent (lateral present in Dasypus): molars variable : members and feet 
ambulatorial, (modified often for grasping and digging). Placenta diver- 
siform (discoidal deciduate in Orycteropodidte and Dasypodid<c; diffuse 
deciduate in Manididce ; and coyledonous non-deoiduate ? in Bradypo- 
didce). 

BRUTA. (Xn.) 


I. PRIMATES. 

SUB-ORDERS. • 

I. Cerebrum with its posterior lobe much developed, wholly or mostly cover- 
ing the cerebellum. Skull with lachrymal foramen within the orbit. 

Orbit separated from temporal fossa by the union of the alisphenoid and 
malar bones. Ears rounded, each with a distinct lobule. Female with 
uterus undivided, and clitoris imperforate. Mammas (2) exclusively pec- 
toral. 

ANTHROPOID EA. 

II. Cerebrum with the posterior lobe not extended backwards over the entire 
cerebellum, a considerable portion of the latter being uncovered. Skull 
with lachrymal foramen outside the orbit. Orbits open behind, (partially 
closed in Tarsiidae). Ears more or less produced upwards and pointed, 
augulated at their extremities, with no distinct lobules. Female with 
uterus two-horned, and the clitoris perforated by the urethra. Mammas 
variable. 

PROSIMIAE. 

ANTHROPOID EA. 

FAMILIES. 

I. Fore limbs withdrawn completely from the locomotive series, and trans- 
ferred to the cephalic (Dana). Form habitually erect, except in infancy. 

Feet with the great toe produced, and lu same plane with others. Teeth 
in an uninterrupted series. Hair scant- (Bimana.) 

HOMINIDAE. (I.) 

II. Fore limbs more or less employed in progression. Form prone, exception- 
ally erect. Feet with the great toe more or leas abbreviated, thumb-like, 


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and opposable to the others. Dental series interrupted by diastemas, 
especially in the upper jaw between canines and incisors. Hair dense. 

(Si mice.) 

A. A bony external auditory meatus well developed, at the bottom of 
which is the membrana tympani. Pre-molars *x2. (Teeth M ij PM 3 
C \ I |x2.) Nose with the median septum thin and narrow (exception- 
ally, broad), and the nostrils correspondingly approximated. (Simice 
catarrkince.) 

1. Spinal column with a slight sigmoid curve ; lumbar as well as dorsal 
neural spines directed more or less backwards. Sacrum large and 
solid, composed of four vertebra tapering gradually backwards. 

Sternum broad and short, with three or four bones between the manu- 
brium and xiphoid cartilage. Anterior limbs much longer than 
posterior. 

SIMIIDAE. (II.) 

2. Spinal column with a simple curve; neural spines of lumbar and 
last dorsal vertebrm inclined forwards. Sacrum moderate, composed 
generally of three vertebras not tapering gradually. Sternum elongated 
and narrow. Anterior limbs shorter than posterior; rarely elongated. 

CYNOPITHECIDAE. (I II.) 

B. Bony external auditory meatus null, and the tympauio membrane 
attached to a ring close to the snrface. Pre-tnolara jX2. Nose with 
the septum broad and flattened (exceptionally, narrow), and the nostrils 
proportionally distant. (Siiuue plutgihime.) 

1. Teeth (M $ PM ] C j I ? x2=) 30. Manus with inner digit (when 
developed) more or less slightly opposable to the rest. 

CEBIDAE. (IV.) 

2. Teeth (M } PM } C { I 2X2=) 32. Manus with inner digit not 
opposable, but on same plane as rest ; all armed with elongated com- 
pressed claws. 

MIDIDAE. (V.) 


I. HOMINIDAE, 

Single genua. 
Homo. 


II. SIMIIDAE. 

SUB-FAMILIES. 


I. Form robust, 
the cerebellum. 


Ilia broad, alate. Cerebrum projecting backwards over 
Buttocks without oallosities. 

BIMI1NAK. (A.) 


II. Form slender. Ilia narrow, not alate. Cerebrum scarcely or not pro- 
jecting backwards over the cerebellum. Buttocks with callosities. 

HYLOBATINAB. (B.f 


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A. BIMIINAE. 


Gorilla I. Geoff. 

Minutes Leach— Troglodytes, Geoff. = Anthropopithecus, BI. 
Simia lAuu.= Pillucus Geoff. 


B. HYLOBATINAE. 

Siamanga Gray. 

II ylo bales 111 . 

Extinct Simiida 1 

Pliopithecus Gerv. 

Dryopithccus L&rtet. 


III. CYNOPITHECIDAE. 

BTJB-F AMILIES. 

I. Stomach complex; the cardiac portion dilated; the pyloric elongated. 
Cheek pouches obsolete. 


SEMNOPITIIECINAE. fA.’ 


II. Stomach simple, as in man. Clieek pouches developed. 


CYNOPITHBCINAE. (B.) 


A. SEMNOPITIIECINAE. 

Nasal is Geoff. 

Lasiopyga III., Gray. 

Semnopithccus F. Cuv. 

Colobus 111. 

Guercza Gray. 

B. CYNOPITHBCINAE. 

§. 1 . 

Miopithecus I. Geoff. 

Cercopithecus Krxl. 

Cercopithecus sensu strict. Chlorocebus Gray. 

§. 2 . 

Ccrcocebus Geoff. 

Macacus Lac., Desm. 

Macacus sensu strict. Silcnus Gray. 

Inuus Geoff. 

Theropithecn t I. Geoff.=(7e/uda Gray. 

Cynopithecus I. Geoff. 

§. 3. 

Papio Erxl., Cuv., Cteoff.=iCynocephalu$ Lac 
Cynocephalus , sensu strict. 

Mandrilla Cuv.,=.l/ormo»i Less. 

Mormon , Gray, not 111. 


JIamadryas Less., Gray. 
Choeropithecus Gray. 


Extinct Cynopilhecida. 

Mesopithecus Gaudry. 

Coenopithecus Rntimeyer. 


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IV. CEBIDAE. 

BUB-FAMILIES. 

I. Cerebrum with posterior lobe abbreviated, scarcely covering the cerebel- 
lum behind. Hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage greatly developed : hyoid 
bone expanded iuto a sub-globular drum, with thin osseous walls, the 
larger cornua projecting backwards, the lesser obsolete. Incisors vertical. 

MYCBTINAB. (A.) 


II. Cerebrum with posterior lobe enlarged, extending backwards ranch 
beyond the cerebellum. Hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage moderate. 

A. Incisors vertical. 


1. Cerebrum with convolutions well marked, 
hensile. 


Tail more or less pre- 

CEBINAE 


2. Cerebrum with convolutions obsolete. Tail not prehensile. 

NYCTIPITHBCINAE, >C.) 


B. Incisors inclined forwards. Tail more or less abbreviated and bushy. 

PITHECIINAE <D./ 


Aluatta Lac ,=Mycetes 111. 


A. MYC BUNAS. 


B. CBBINAE. 


Ctbus Erxl. 

Sapojou Lac .— Aides Geoff. 

Eriodes I. Geoff. =a= J3ra chyttJ e$ Gray. 
Lagolhrix Geoff. 


$• 1 . 
§. 2 . 


C. NYCTIPITHXCINAB. 

§. 1 . 

Nyctipithecus Spix=„-lo/us (Humb) III. (Inapplicable.) 

, §. 2 . 

Callithrix Geoff. 

SaimirU Geoff., Gqtv .=Chrysotfirix Wagn 


D. PITHECIINAE. 

Pitkeein Desm. 

Ckiropotc * 111., Gray. 

Draehyurm Bpi x=Oual-aria Gray. 


Protopit!, ecu* Lund. 


Extinct Ctbidtc . 


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Saguinus Lac —Hapale Gooff. 
Ilapale Gray. 

Cebuella Gray. 

Mi dag Geoff. 

Leontupithecu* Gray. 

Midas Gray. 


7. MIDIDAE. 

GENERA. 


Jacchus Gray. 

Mi co Gray. 

Of dipus Gray. 
Seniocebus Gray. 


PROSIMIAE. 

FAMILIES. 

I. Teeth of three kind;), the canines being retained through life. Incisors 
small, with simple roots. Pectoral mammae developed, in addition to 
inguinal ones. (Owen.) ( Lemuroidea .) 

A. Fibula entirely distinct from the tibia. Skull with the orbits open 
behind. Incisors of upper Jaw small, (rarely wanting,) separated into 
two groups by a symphysial interspace ; of lower Jaw, larger, contiguous,, 
and proelivons; canines of lower jaw parallel with and like incisors. 

Pcs with the second toe armed with a subulate claw ; rest with flattened 
nails. 

LEMURIDAE. (VI.) 

B. Fibula partially anchylosed with the tibia. Skull with the orbits parti- 
ally closed behind by the union above of the alisplienoid with the jugal. 

Incisors of upper jaw (4) contiguous, inner large and conic; of lower 
( 2 ) contiguous and opposed to large upper teeth: canines of lower jaw 
normal. Pes with the second and third toes armed with subulate nails ; 
rest with flattened pointed nails. 

* TABSIIDAE. (VII.) 


II. Teeth of two kinds, the canines being early deciduous. Iucisors 5 , gli- 
rifonn, continually reinforced from the formative pulp ; the fangs very 
long, those of the lower jaw extending backwards to the base of the coro- 
noid processes. Inguinal teats only developed. — Manus with the middle 
Anger very attennated, and provided with a narrow scooped nail ; rest of 
nails (except of thumb of pes) similar, subulate. ( Daubentonioidea .) 


DAUBENTONIIDAE. (Vin.) 

# 


£TU FEE-FAMILY LEMVBOIDEA. 
VI. LEMTJEIDAB. 


BUB-FAMILIES. 

I. Teeth 30; 1. e. M I P.M. J C. J I. *-x2. 

INBRISINAJL (A.) 


II. Teeth 36 (exceptionally 32) ; i. e. M. J P.M. J C. f ~x2 (exception- 
ally, I. $ in adult). 

A. Tarsus short or of moderate length. 


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1. Hind limbs considerably longer than the fore. Neural spines of last 
dorsal and lumbar vertebrae inclined forwards. Ears (in typical forms) 
moderate, with the anterior portion of the helix well developed, folded 
over the fossae of the concha and antihelix, and with the tragus and 
antitragus distinct. Tail elongated, not less than two-thirds the length 
of body. 

LEMtJBINAE. <B.) 

2. Hind and fore limbs sub-equal, or fore ones shorter. Neural spines 
of dorsal and lumbar vertebne inclined backwards. Ear (in typical 
forms) small, with the helix little marked, and tragns and antitragns 
obsolete. Tail short (always shorter than half the length of the body), 
rudimentary, or absent. (Mivart.) 

NYCTICEBINAE. (C.> 

B. Tarsns very long; calcaneum more than one-third the length of the 
tibia; navicnlare much longer than the cuboid (Mivart). — Mind limbs 
much longer than the fore. Neural spines of the twelfth or thirteenth 
dorsal vertebne turned forwards. Ear very large, with the pinna pro- 
longed upwards. 

QALAOININAE. (D.) 

A. IND B IS IN AH . 

Indrit Cuv. Oeoff.=Lichanotus }\\.=Pithelemnr Less. 

I*ropilhecus Be n n . = Ma crom ecus Smith. 

Microrhynchus Jourd..=s Avahti Geoff. 

B. LEMTOINAE. 

Prosimia Gray. 

IVolemur Gray. 

G. Mivart. )=-Myspit/iccus P. Cuv. 

C. NYCTICEBINAE. 

5 - 1 - 

Perodicticus Benn. 

Arctocebu s Gray, Huxl. 

♦ }. 2 . 

Nycticebus Geoff . =Stenops lU.^Bradylemur (Blainv.) Less. 

Loris (ieof[.=Arachnocebus Less. 


Lemur Linn. 

Varecia Gray. 
Lemur Gray. 
Uapalemur I. Geoff. 

Ilapolemur Gray. 
Lepilcmur I. Geoff. 
Chirogaleus Geoff. (St. 


D. GALAOININAE. 

Galago Geoff.=0/o/icnu* 111. 

Otolemur Coi\.*=zCallotus Gray. 

Galago sensu strict. 

Microrebus Geoff. 

Murilemur Gray. 

Azema Gray. 


Otogale Gray. 
Jfemigalago Dahlb. 

Phaner Gray. 
Miraa Gray. 


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VII. TARSIIDAE. 

Tarsius Storr ^Macrotarsus C. & G . = Cephalopachus S w.=IIypsic€bus Less. 

SUPER-FAMILY DAUBENTONIOIDEA. 

TOI. DAUBENTONIIDAE. 

Daubcntonia Geo ff.=Ayc-aye Lac.— Chciromys Cuv. 


FERAE. 

SUB -ORDERS. 

I. Body more or less raised, with the legs exserted beyond the elbows and 
knees, and with the feet (generally with free toes) adapted for walking. 

Manus and pes with first phalanges and digits not enlarged nor produced 
beyond the others (attypically more or le$s reduced or even atrophied). 

Skull moderately compressed between the orbits: with a distinct lachry- 
mal bone, perforated by a canal (the lachrymal), and more or less exserted 
outside the orbit, and, in conjunction with the malar, forming the anterior 
margin of the orbit: palatines extending forwards laterally between the 
frontal and maxillary bones, and leaving no vacuity. Tympanic bound- 
ed behind by the exoecipital. Deciduous dentition well developed. 

FISSIPEDIA. 

II. Body prone, with the legs confined in the common integument beyond 
the elbows and knees, (with the feet rotated backwards, and with toes con- 
nected together), and especially adapted for swimming. Manus and pes 
with first phalanges and digits enlarged and produced beyond the others. 

Skull much compressed between the orbits: with a lachrymal boue early 
united with the maxillary, imperforate, and entirely contained within the 
orbit: malar applied to tlie inner side of a transverse zygomatic process of 
the maxillary and not continued to the front of the orbit (which is there- 
fore bounded by tlie maxillary): palatines not extending forwards later- 
ally, extensive vacuities intervening between the frontal and maxillary 
bones. Tympanic separated from the exoccipitals by a vacuity as well as 
by the re-entering periotic bones. Deciduous dentition much reduced 
and rudimentary. 

PINNIPEDIA. 


FISSIPEDIA. 

FAMILIES. 

I. Skull with the paroccipital process applied closely to the auditory bulla ; 
the mastoid process small or obsolete; external auditory meatus very 
short or imperfect. Intestinal canal provided with a caecum. Prostate 
gland salient. 

A. Skull with carotid canal minute and superficial or obsolete; condyloid 
foramuu and foramen laeernm posticum debouching in a common 
fossa: glenoid foramen minute or null. Os penis rudimentary (in 
Cnjptoproct iht, enlarged). Cowper’s glands present. (Aeluroidea.) 


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1. Teeth 28-30 (M PM | or |, C |, I jx2) : true molar of upper jaw 
small, tubercular; of lower, sectorial. Snout very short, decnrved. 
Bulla divided by a septum into posterior and anterior ohambers com- 
municating with each other by a narrow aperture. (AeluroiJea 
typicn .) 

a. Body compact. Feet digitigrade, with the palms and soles hairy. 
Skull with no alispkenoid canal. 

FELIDAE. 


(IX.) 


b. Body elongated, viverriform. Feet plantigrade, with the palms and 
soles bald. Skull with a distinct alisphenoid canal. 

CBYFTOPEOCTIDAJS. (X.) 


2. Teeth 32-34, diversiform, but no tubercular (or seooud true) molar 
iu lower jaw. Snout moderate, depressed. Bulla with no septum. 

Feet digitigrade. (Aelnroidea hytenifornia.) 

a. Teeth 32 (M -j-f PM C ), I ’x2); molars very small and 
distant ; no functionalized sectorial molars. 

PROTELIDAE. (XI.) 


b. Teeth 34 (M |, PM j, C j, I 3X2); molars large and approximated ; 
true molar of upper jaw reduced, tubercular; last pre-molar sec- 
torial, feline: true molar of lower jaw sectorial. 

HY.ENIDXE. (XII.) 

3. Teeth 30—40 (M i— rarely 1— PM J— exceptionally f-C }, I |X2); 
true molars of the upper, and last of the lower jaw tubercular. Snout 
moderate or elongated, depressed. Auditory bulla divided. ( Aeluro - 
idea virerriformia .) 

a. Skull irregularly flattened behind above foramen magnum ; with 
the snout moderate or robust. Incisors approximated; canines 
robust. 

VIVERRIDAE. iXIIL) 


b. Skull convex behind above foramen magnum (at least, especially 
so in young) ; with the snout slender. Incisors not approximated ; 
canines small. 

EUPLEBIDAE. 


(XIV.) 


B. Skull with the carotid oanal well developed, but opening into the 
foramen lacerum posticum ; condyloid forameu distinct; glenoid foramen 
patent. Os penis large. Cowper's glands not developed. (Cyno/deo.) 

1. Teeth typically 42; varying between 38 and 4(1 (the true molars 
being the varying element. — M 1 (}- 3), PM j, C ■}, I j X2). 

PAHIDAF- tXV.) 


II. Skull with the paroocipltal process not closely applied to the auditory 
bulla ; the mastoid process proraiuent and projecting outwards or down- 
wards behind the external auditory meatus ; external auditory meatus 
diversiform. Intestinal canal with no coecuin. Prostate gland not salient, 
being contained in tiie thickened walls of the urethra.— Skull with the 


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carotid canal distinct, and more or less in advance of the foramen lacernm 
posticum ; condyloid foramen also distinct from the foramen lacerum 
posticum ; glenoid foramen generally well defined. Os penis very large. 

Cowper's glands not developed. — ( Arctoidea .) 

A. True molars of npper jaw one (M 4 ; rarely — in Afellivorina • — {) ; 
last pre-molar of upper jaw sectorial (rarely — in Enhydrinte — with blant 
tubercles). (.1 rctoidea musteliformia.') 

MUSTELIDAE. (XVI.) 

B. True molars of upper jaw two ; last pre-molar of upper jaw tubercular 
(rarely — in Bassarididcc — sectorial) . 

1. Last molar of upper jaw oblong and exceeding the first: three true 
molars in lower jaw ; first narrowest but longest; second oblong and 
broader. Foramen lacerum posticum introrso, behind the postero- 
internal angle of the tympanic bone; carotid canal little in advance 
of the foramen lacerum posticum. Tail rudimentary. ( Arctoidea 
typica.) 

TJRSIDAE. (XVIL) 

2. Last molar of upper jaw more or less transverse and compressed 
forwards ; two true molars in lower jaw ; first broadest. Foramen 
lacerum posticum antrorse from postero-internal angle of the tympauio 
bone ; carotid canal nearly at or in advance of middle of inner wall 
of the auditory bulla. Tail well developed. ( Arctoidea procyoni- 
formia. ) 

a. Alisphenoid canal developed : auditory bulla very small, and with 
a very prolonged bony floor to the auditory meatus : paroccipital 
process long aud trigonal, standing backwards and outwards, quite 
unconnected with the bulla. (Flower.) — Teeth 36 (M •, PM C 
IfX2). 

AELURIDAE. (XVIII.) 

b. Alisphenoid canal none: auditory bulla well developed, aud with 
a short bony floor to the auditory meatus : paroccipital process 
short and blunt, somewhat hooked, generally contiguous to the 
bulla at the base. 

b. 1. Teeth 3G (M PM f, C }, I $X 2 ); last pre-molar of upper 
jaw aud first molar of lower tubercular. Snout abbreviated, de- 
curved. Lower jaw very stout, with an extensive anohylosed 
symphysis, with high coronoid processes, and extended back- 
wards and downwards at the angles. 

CERCOUEPTIDAE. (XIX.) 

b. 2. Teeth 40 (M PM *, C j, I |x2); last pre-molar of upper 
jaw and first molar of lower tubercular. Lower jaw moderate or 
slender, with a reduced symphysis, with recurved coronoid pro- 
cesses, and extended upwards to the angles, which are near the 
condyles. 

PROCYONIDAE. (XX.) 


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b. 3. Teeth 40 (M PM C j, I aX2), resembling those of 
CaniJa ; first upper pre-molars sometimes deciduous ; last pre- 
molar of upper jaw aud first molar of lower sectorial. Lower jaw 
as iu Procyonidve. 

BASS ARID ID AE. (XXI.) 


Familisc incertm media. 

1. Teeth 32? (M PM J ? C J? I §;X2)? last pre-molar of lower jaw 
moderate ; first molar obtusely sectorial ; second oblong, tuberculated. 

8IM0CT ON ID AE. (XXII.) 


2 . 


Teeth 44 (M|, PM C J, I *x2)f last pre-molar of upper jaw tri- 
tuberculate ; true molars tuberculate. 

ABCTOCYONIDAE. (XXm.) 


3. Teeth 44? (M }, PM J, C j, I JX2>? last pre-molar of lower jaw 
enlarged ; first as well as second aud third molars sectorial. 

HYjENODONTIDAE. (XXIY.) 


SUPER-FAMILY AELUROIDEA. 
IX. FELIDAE. 

BUB-F AMI LIES. 


I. Canine teeth of upper jaw moderate, with transversely convex anterior 
and posterior margins ; those of lower jaw e^ual to upper and much ex- 
ceeding adjoining incisors. 


A. Sectorial tooth of upper jaw with an inwardly projecting antero-internal 
lobe. Claws retractile. 


PEUNAE. (A.) 


B. Sectorial tooth of upper jaw with no internal lobe, 
tractile. 


Claws not ro- 

GU EP A-RD I N AS. (B.) 


II. Canine teeth of upper jaw enormously developed, compressed, and with 
distal trenchant anterior and posterior margins; thoso of lower jaw re- 
duced !n inverso ratio, and not much larger than the adjoining incisors. 
(Sectorial tooth of upper jaw with a transverse inner lobe some distance 
in front of the anterior end of the tooth.) 

MACHAEBODONTINAE. (a) 


Lynx Raf. 

Lyncus Gray. 
Neofelis Gray. 
Viverriceps Gray. 
F 'el is Linn. 

Uncia Gray. 
Tigris Gray. 
Pardafina Gray. 


A. FELINAS. 

Caracal Gray. 


Leo Gray. 
Leopardus Gray. 
Calofynx Gray. 


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Pajeros Gray. 

/ Chaus Gray. 

Aelurina Gerv .=Ailurogale Fitz. 


Pel it Gray. 


Gueparda Gray. 


Drepanodon Nesti, Bronn. 
Machtcrodus Kaup, Broun. 
Smilodon Lund, Bronn. 


B. GUEF ABDIN A2E. 


0. MAOHAEKODONTINAJC. 

All extinct. 


Pseudctlurus Gerv. 
Trucifelis Leldy. 

? Dinictis Leidy. 

? Adurodon Leidy. 


Cryptoprocta Bennett. 


Other Felidae of Extinct Genera. 


X. CRYPTOPROCTIDAJE. 

Single Genus. 


Prattles I. Geoff. 


XI. PROTELIDAE. 

Single Genus. 


XII. HYAEFIDAE. 

Genera. 

Hyaena Linn. 

Crocuta Gray. 

XIII. YIVERRIDAE. 

BUB-FAMILIES. 

I. Auditory bulla divided by an oblique groove into two portions; an an- 
terior with the auditory meatus, and a posterior more inflated and larger 
portion. (Flower.) Toes short, regularly arched ; the last phalanges 
bent np, withdrawing the claws into a sheath ; claws sharp. (Gray, s. 
Aeluropodae.) 

A. Nose simple, flat, bald, and with a central groove beneath. — Gray, s. 

17 verrida* 


1. Digitigrade : the under-side of the hind feet hairy, except the pads, 
metatarsus, and sometimes a small part of the tarsus. Upper flesh- 
tooth elongate; upper tubercular grinders small, transverse. — Gray. 


a. Body robust ; tubercular grinders two above, one below on each 
side (j-J). — Gray. 


VIVERBINAB. (AO 


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b. Body slender, elongate; tubercular grinders one on each aide 
above and below ([— |). — Gray. 


PRION ODONTINAJE. (B.) 


2. Subplantigrade : the under-side of the toes and more or lesa of the 
back of the tarsus naked, callous. Flesh-tooth strong ; upper tuber- 
cular grinders large, broad. 


a. Tail moderate, not prehensile. The 
hairy to the palm ; the tail bushy. 


hinder part of the tarsus 

OALIDIINAB. (a) 


b. Tail moderate, not prehensile. The upper part of the hinder part 
of the tarsus hairy to the palm; tail ringed. (Gray.) Sectorial 
tooth with large tubercular ledge. 

HBMTG ALI IN AS. (D.) 


c. Tail very long, sub-convolute. The hinder part of the tarsus bald, 
callous. (Gray.) Sectorial tooth typical. 


PARADOXTTB.INAK. 


<*.) 


d. Tail thick, strong, prehensile. The hinder part of the tarsus 
bald, callous. Sectorial tooth of upper jaw transverse, sub-tuber- 
cular. 

A RCTI CTO5IN A JC. (F.) 


B. Nose rather produced, rounded, hairy, and without any central groove 
below (Gray, s. Cynoyalidce ). Sectorial tooth with an extensive tuber- 
cular ledge. 

CYNOGALINAJS. (O.) 


II. Auditory bulla very prominent and somewhat pyriform, divided by a 
transverse constriction iuto two portions ; the anterior nearly as large and 
inflated as the posterior. (Flower.) Toes straight ; the last phalanx and 
claws extended. The claws blunt and worn at the end, the front ones 
often elongated. (Gray, s. Cynopoda.) 

A. Nose flat and bald, beneath with a central groove. (Gray, s. Ihrptt- 
tida.) 

1. Head elongate, conical ; tail conical or cylindrical. (Gray.) 

HBRFEBTINAB. (H.) 


2. Head short, ventricose ; 
elongate. (Gray.) 


tail bushy, expanded laterally; claws 

CYNICTIDINAE. (U 


B. Nose broad, convex, and hairy, beneath without any central groove. 

(Gray, s. Rhinoyalidae .) 

1. Head elongate, nose short. Teeth 40. False grinders ]. (Gray.) 

RHINOQALINAB. (JO 


2. Head ventricose. Nose elongate. Teeth 36. 
(Gray.) 


False grinders f. 

CR098ARCH1NAS. (X.) 


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Vtvcrra Linn. 
Viverricula Ilodgson. 


Genetta Cuv. 
Genetta Gray. 


A. VIVEBRINAX. 


§■ 2 . 


T Fossa Gray. 


B. PRIONODONTINAX. 

Prionodon Hon field. = Li ns an g Gray. 

Poiana Gray. 

C. GALIDIINAJE. 

Galidia I. Geoff. 


D. IIEMISALIINAE, 

I/emigale Jonrdan. 

X. PARADOXUHINAE. 

Nandi nia Gray. 

Puradomrus F. Cnv. 

Pagnmn Gray. 

Arctogale Peters. 


7. ARCTICTIDINAX. 

Arctictis Temm.=/c/iV/« F. Cuv. 


Cynogah Gray. 

Galidictis I. Geoff. 
Ilerpestcs Illig. 

A thy lax F. Cuv. 
Calogale Gray. 
GalereUa Gray. 
Calictis Gray. 
Ariela Gray. 
Ichneumia I. Geoff. 
Bdeogalt Peters. 
Urva Hodgson. 
Twniogale Gray. 
Onychogale Gray. 
Hein gale Gray. 

Cynictis Ogilby. 

Tlhinogah Gray. 
Alungos Ogilby. 


O. CYNOQALINAX. 
O. HXRPESTINAX. 


I. CTNICTIDI1CAX. 


J. RHINOQALINAE. 


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K. CROSS AS CHIN A*. 

Crossarchus F. Cav. 

Suricata Desin. =/? ft yzana, Illig. 

Extinct Viverridaet 

Puleonyctis Blainv. 

Soricictis Pomel. 

Amphichneumon Pomel. 

Guleolherium Wagner, (not Jacq.) 

XIV. ETJPLEBIDAE. 

Single genus. 

Eupleres Doy^re. 


STTPEB-FAMILY CYNOIDEA. 

XV. CANID AE. 

SUB-FAMILIES. 

I. Sectorial tooth of upper jaw elongated, and with the antero-internal 
lobe projecting directly inwards; of lower jaw, elongated and narrowed 
forwards and with the externo-median lobe enlarged : true molars in 
upper jaw two (rarely one), tubercular. 

CANINAZ. (A.) 


II- Sectorial tooth of upper jaw abbreviated, triangular, and with the antero- 
internal lobe large and ledge-like; of lower jaw, comparatively short and 
broad forwards, and with the externo-median lobe reduced ; true molars 
of upper jaw three, tubercular. 

MXOALOTINAE. (B.) 


A. CANINAX. 


Lycaon Brookes. 


I 1 . 


I 2 . 

Iclicyon Lund= Cynalic.us Qr&y=Melictes Schinz. 


Cyon Hodgson. 


I 3 - 


I 4. . 

Cants Linn. 

Canis=Cani»-\- Lupus Gray. 

Si men i a Gray. 

Lyralopex Bnrni. 

Pstudaloptx Burm. 

Lycalopex Gray. 

J.6. 

* ulpes . 

Vufpes. 

Fennecus Gray. 

?- 6 . 

Lrocyon Baird. 


Dieba Gray. 
Crysocyon H. Smith. 


Thous Gray. 


Leucocyon Gray. 


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Nyctcreutcs Temminck. 


* 7 . 


B. MEGALOTINAE. 

Megalotis Bl&inv, ^Agriodus H. Smiths Olocyon Licht. 

Extinct Canidac f incertae sedis. 

Amphicyon Lartet. 

Cynodon Aym. 

Galecynus Owen. 

Palaocyon Lund, (not Blainv.) 

Speothos Lund. 


SUPEB-F AMI L Y ABCTOIDEA. 

XVI. MU8TELIDAE. 

SUB-FAMILIES. 

I. Skull with the cerebral portion comparatively compressed backwards; 
and with the rostral portion comparatively produced, attenuated, and 
transversely convex above ; anteorbital foramen small and opening for- 
wards. Feet with little developed or no inlerdigital membrane. 

A. Auditory bulla much inflated, undivided, bulging, and convex forwards ; 
periotic region extending little outwards or backwards. Palate moder- 
ately emargiuated. 

1. Last molar of upper jaw (M V) transverse, (with the inner ledge in- 
flated at its inner angle;) sectorial tooth with a single inner cusp. 

a. M J ; First true molar (sectorial) of lower jaw followed by a small 
second (tubercular) one. Toes short, regularly arched, and with 
the last phalanges bent up, withdrawing the claws into sheaths. 

(Gray.) 

MUSTELI2HTAX. (A.) 

b. M \ ; first true molar (sectorial) of lower jaw only developed. Toos 
straight, with the last phalanges and claws extended; the latter 
non-retractile. (Gray.) 

MXLLrVOBUCAH. (C.) 

2. Last molar of upper jaw (M 1 ) enlarged and more or less extended 

longitudinally. — M Toes straight, with the last phalanges and 

claws extended ; the latter nou-retraotile. (Gray.) 

MXLINAX. (B.) 

B. Auditory bulla elongated and extending backwards close to the par- 
occipital process. (Flower.) Palate moderately emarginated. 

1. Last molar of upper jaw (M-?-) transverse; (with the inner ledge 
narrowed inwards): sectorial tooth with two inner cusps. 

HELICTIDIN AE. (T.) 

C. Auditory bulla inflated, undivided, with the anterior inferior extremity 
pointed and commonly united to the prolonged hamular process of the 
pterygoid. (Flower.) Palate moderately emarginated. 


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1. Last molar of upper jaw (M 4) transverse ; (with the inner ledge 
compressed). 

ZORILLLNAH. (M .) 


D. Auditory bulla littlo inflated, transversely constricted behind the mea- 
tus auditorial* externns and thence inwards ; in frout flattened forwards : 
periotic region expanded outwards and backwards. Palate deeply 
exnarginated. 

1. Last molar of upper jaw (M-j-) quadrangular, wide, but with an 
extended outer incisorial ledge. 

MBPHITINAB. <D.> 


II. Skull with the cerebral portion swollen backwards and outwards ; and 
with the rostral portion abbreviated, high and truncated forwards, and 
widened and depressed above: auteorbital foramen enlarged and pro- 
duced downwards and backwards. Feet with well-developed iuterdigital 
membrane, and adapted for swimming. 

A. Teeth normal, 3G (M 1, PM J, C j, I *X2): sectorial tooth (PM-4) 
normal, efficient, with an expanded inner ledge; the other molars 
snbmnsteline. Posterior feet with normally long digits. 

LUTBXW AB. (OJ 


B. Teeth very aberrant, 32 (M J, PM f, C I 3 — the lower inner incisors 
being lost — X-)J sectorial tooth (PM -4) defunctionalized as such, 
compressed from before backwards ; the other molars also with blunted 
cusps. Posterior feet with elongated digits. 

BlfHYDRlXfAB. (EL.) 


A. MUSTS LIN AX. 

§• I- 

(Digitigrade.) 

3fuatela L., Cuv. =.Var/«i Gray (Les Martes — J fust cl a Cuv). 

Putorius C\xv.=sFo*torius Kqys- and Bias. 

Putorius Gray. 

Gymnoput Gray. 

Gale Wagner =Mustela Gray, not Cuv. 

Lutreola Wagner=F<«im Gray. 

§• 2 . 

(Plantigrade.) 

Galictis Bellss.fjrara Lund. 

Galera Gray. Gritonia Gray. 

" §• 3. 

• (Sub-plantigrade.) 

Gulo Storr. 

B. MBLINAE. 

Taxidca Waterh. 

Melts Storr== Tarns Cut. 

Mydaus F. Cuv. 

Arctonyx F. Cuv.=.$yiarc/ou Gloger. 

AaguBt, 1871. 


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C. MBLLI VORIN AE. 

Mellivora Sto rr=Ratelus Gr xy—Lipolus Lund. 

D. MEPHITINAJ5. 

Conepatus Graj=77u'oxmu* Licht. < Marputius Gray. 
Mephitis Car., Gray. 

Spilogale Gray. 


K. ZOKILLINAJ5. 

Zorilla Gra y=Rhabdogale Wagn .=Ictonyx Lund. 

F. HELICTTDINAX. 

Uelictis Grtj—Meiogale I. Geoff. = Rhinognle Gloger, not Gray. 


Q. LUTEIN AB. 

§. 1- 

Barangia Q ray =Lcpt onyx Less., Gerv. 

A onyx Less., Gerv., Gray. 

Lontra Gray—Saricovia Less .=Loutra Gerv 
Lutra Linn. 

Lutra Gray. 

Lutronectcs Gray. 

Uydrogale Gray. 

Latax Gray (not Gloger) —Lataxia Gerv. 

$. 2 . 

Pteronura Gray, Gerv. =Pterura Wiegm. 

H. XN HYDRIN AX. 

Enhydrit Fleming= Latax Gloger. 

Extinct Mustelidat incerUc sedis . 

Palneomephitis 3iiger=;Pal(ieobassaris Paul von Wart. 
Palaeogale Meyer. 

Plesiogale Pomel. 

Plesictis Pomel. . 

Putoriodus Pomel. 

Potamothcrium Geoff. = ! Lutriclis Pomel= ? Stephanodon Meyer. 

Thai assic tit Nordm 

Galeotherium Jiiger (not Wagner). 

Enhydriodon Falc.= A tnyxodon Pale. 

Ursitaxvs Falc. 

XVII. TJRSIDAX. 

Genera . 

«• i- 

Thalassarctos Gray. 

Urtus Linn. 


. (misprint). 

Nutria Gray. 


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Ursus Gray. 
Tremarctos Gerv» 
Uelarctos II ore f. 


67 


Myrmarctos Gray, 


§. 2 . 

Melursus iiivyer=zProchilus 111. 

Extinct Ursidae f 
(Family f Hy<inarctidae f) 

Uyanarctos Cantl. and Falc.=dyrio*Aeriu/n Wagn.=,Sieafarcfo*4- Amphiarctot Blainv. 
=IIemicyon Lartet. 


Aelurus F. Cur. 


XVIII. AELURIDAE. 

Ucn us. 


XIX. CERCOLEPTIDAE. 

Genus. 

Cercoleptes l\\\geT=Kinkojou Lac .—Potos C u v . = C'a udi volvulus Desm. 


. XX. PROCYONIDAE. 

8UB-F AMI LIBS. 

I. Snout attenuated. Auditory bulla small, abruptly contracted, flattened 
forwards and towards the external auditory uieatus. Mastoid process little 
developed, extrorse behind meatus. 

NA8TJIKAB. (A.) 


II. Snout comparatively abbreviated. Auditory bulla large, sloping gradu- 
ally towards the external auditory meatus. Mastoid process eularged and 
prolonged downwards. 

PBOCTOICINAB. (B.) 


Sasua Storr= Coati Lac. 


A. KASHIN AE. 


Proeyon Storr. 

Tylodon Gerv. 
Leptarctos Leidy. 


Bassaris Licht. 


B. FBOCYONINAE. 

Procyonidael of txlinct genera . 


XXI. BASSARIDIDAB. 

Genus. 


FI88IPKDIA INCERTAE SEDIS. 
XXII. 8IM0CY0NIDAE. 

Extinct. 

* Simocyon Kaup =Diaphorus Gaudry. 


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XXIII. ABCTOCYOHIDAE. 

Extinct. 

Arctocyon Blainv .-|- Palaeocyon Bl&inv. (not Lund). 


XXIV. HYAENODONTIDAE. 

Extinct. 


Hyaenodon de Laii & de Par.= ? Hyaenodon-^-Taxotherium-^Pterodon Blainv. 
Fitsipedium Genera incertae sedit. 

Acanthodon Meyer. 

Harpagodon Meyer. 

Patriofelis Leidy. 

Sinopa Leidy. 

( Hyaenidaet ) 

Lyryaena Hensel. 

Hyacnictis Gaudry. 

( Viverridae ?) 


Ictitherium Gaudry. 


PINNIPEDIA. 

FAMILIES. 

I. Molar teeth \ or | ; canine3 of both jaws moderately developed, those of 

upper jaw being scarcely larger than those of lower; incisors persistent. 

( Phocoidea .) 

A. Form comparatively archetypical, with the hinder legs flexible for- 
wards. Small ear couchs developed. Skull with the mastoid processes 
strong and salient, standing aloof from the auditory bullae; with well- 
developed post-orbital processes, and ali sphenoid canals. Incisors (|) 
of upper jaw notched. Anterior limbs about as large as the posterior ; 
their feet with digits decreasing in a curved line and without claws: 
posterior feet with all their digits nearly co-terminal and furnished with 
long lingniform flaps extending beyond their tips ; the three middle toes 
alone clawed. 

OTAEIIDAE. (XXV.) 

B. Form attypically phooiform, with the hinder legs projected back- 
wards and not flexible forwards. Ear couchs obsolete. Skull with the 
mastoid processes swollen, and seeming to form part of the auditory 
bullae; the post-orbital processes null or obsolete: no alisplienoid 
canals. Incisors (variablo in number — J or or i — ) of upper jaw not 
notched. Anterior limbs smaller than the posterior; the feet with the 
digits successively abbreviated and armed with claws ; the posterior 
flippers emarginated (the third and fourth digits being shortest), and 
provided with claws (rarely suppressed). 

PHOCIDAE. (XXVI.) 


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II. Molar teeth J J, the posterior generally caducous in adult: oauines of 
uppnrjaw greatly hypertrophied aud developed as tusks; those of lower 
jaw atrophied: incisors, except external of upper jaw, deciduous. (Ros- 
maroidea .) 

A. Form comparatively etypical, with the hinder legs flexible forwards. 

Ear conchs obsolete. Skull with the mastoid processes strong and 
salient ; the surface continuous with the auditory bullae ; no postorbital 
processes; distinct alisphenoid canals. Anterior limbs about as large 
as posterior; feet with the toes decreasing in a curved line, destitute of 
claws : posterior feet with the five digits scarcely increasing toward 
inner ; all provided with claws. 

BOSMABIDAE. (XXVII.) 

SUPEB-FAMILY PHOCOIDEA. 

XXV. OTABIIDAE. 

Genera. 

§. 1 . 

Zalophus Gill. 

Zalophus sensu strict. 

Eumetopias Gill. 

Otaria Peron. 

Otaria sensu strict. 

Arctocephalus F. Cuv. =Uularcto$ Gill. 

Arctocephalne Gray. 

Gypsophoca Gray. 

Arctophoca Petera=Euotaria Gray. 

Callirhinus Gray. 

XXVI. PHOCIDAE. 

BUB-FAMILIES. 

I. Maxillar xygomatic process with the posterior surface subvertical or very 
oblique. Malar oblong-rhomboid, einargiuated above ami below. 

A. Intermaxillaries narrow, prolonged, and wedged behind between the 
supramaxillaries and nasals. Nasal bones narrow, diminishing in 
width backwards. Incisors f; exceptionally 1. 

FHOCINAE. (A.) 

B. Intermaxillaries terminating far from nasals. Nasal bones narrow and 
shortened. Incisors i. 

CYBTOPHORINAE. (B.) 

II. Maxillar zygomatic process with its lower and posterior surface extended 
horizontally backwards, and its angle continued far behind along the inner 
side of the malar. Malar elongated, bow-shaped, and curved upward in 
front. 

A. Intermaxillaries narrow, not continued backward between nasals and 
supramaxillaries. Nasal cavity expanded, with the nasal bones widest 
toward the middle and very long. Incisors j. 

0 ST EN ORHYN CHIN AE. fC.) 


Neophoca Gray. 


Phocarcto » Peters, Gray. 


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A. PHOCINAX. 

I 1 . 

Phoca Linn., Qil\=Callocephalus F. Car., Gray. 

Callocephalus Gray. Halicyon Gray. 

Pagomys Gray. 

Fagojyhilus Gray. 

Erignathtis Gill=/7ioca Gray, not Linn. 

{• 2. 

Uaiichoerus Nilss. 

{• 8- 

Monachus Flem.=Pelagios F. Cuv.= 1 lei iophoca Gray. 

B. C7BTOPHORXNAX. 

Cystophora Nils s.=Stemmatopus F. Cuv. 

Macrorhinus F. Cuv.ssJ/iroun^a Qtr&y—Macrorhyna Gray=J/orun^a Gray. 

C. BTENOBUYNCHINAX. 

Lohodon Gray. 

Stenorhynchus F. Cuv. 

J.rptonychotcs=Leptonyx Gray, not Sw. 1821. 

Ommatophoca Gray. 

Extinct Phocidaef 

Packyodon Meyer. • 

Pristiphoca Gerv. 


SUPEB-FAMILY BOSMABOIDEA. 

XXVII. B08MABIDAE. 

Single genus. 

Rosmarus Scop.=Odobaenus (Briss.) l\\.=Trichccfius anct. pi., not Linn. 

Extinct Rosmaridae. 

Trichechodon Laukester. 


TJNGTJLATA. 

SUB-ORDERS. 

I. Digits paired, the third and fourth being subequally developod and ex- 
ae r ted ; (the fifth, generally, nearly corresponding in size and position to 
the second, and, generally, developed — or atrophied — in nearly equal 
degree;) the articulating phalanges and proximal carpal and tarsal bones 
correspondingly modified. Astragal as with its anterior or inferior articular 
surface divided by a crest into two sub-equal facets. Femur without 
a third trochauter, and with its shaft generally perforated at the fore and 


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upper part by the medullary artery. Dorso-Iumbar vertebrae, generally, 
nineteen in number (d. 12 — 15-fd. 7 — 4.) Sknll with the intermaxillary 
bones flattened above towards the symphysis, and with the incisors, when 
present, diverging towards their roots. Slouiaoh more or less subdivided 
or complex: coecum comparatively small and simple. 

ARTIODACTYLA. 

II. Digits unpaired or unequal, the third being the largest and most exserted ; 

(the fourth nearly co-equat in size and position with the second; fifth — 
of hind foot, at least, — atrophied;) the articulating phalanges and carpal 
and tarsal bones correspondingly modified. Astragalus with the anterior 
or inferior articular Burface divided into two very unequal facets. Femur 
with a third trochanter, and with its shaft perforated at the back-part by 
the medullary artery. Dorso-lumbar vertebrae not less than twenty-two 
in number (d. 18 — 19-f-l. 3 — 6). Skull with the intermaxillary bones 
tectiform above and united towards the symphysis, and with the incisors, 
when present, implanted subvertically and nearly parallel to their roots. 

Stomach simple: coecum very much enlarged and sacculated. 

PERISSODACTYLA. 


ARTIODACTYLA. 

FAMILIES. 

I. Molars (M) attypically each with two double crescentiform folds, whose 
convex surfaces are internal. Canines of lower jaw, attypically, re- 
sembling, and parallel with, incisors ; (differentiated and specialized in 
Camelidae). Palatine bones contracted and compressed behind, thin, and 
(at the walls of the posterior nares) separated by a wide Binus from the 
terminal portion of the supramaxillary bones. Digestive system adapted 
for rumination : stomach tripartite, or, attypically, quadripartite, a “ psal- 
terium” being finally developed. — Axis with the odontoid process like 
a spout, or hollow half-cylinder, and with a prominent sharp semi-ciroular 
rim. (Flower.) — ( Pecora ; or, Ruminanlia.) 

* Incisors deciduous from upper as well as lower jaws. Canines of lower 
jaw inclined forwards, with compressed cuneate crowns. Placenta and 
stomach unknown. Chalicotheroidea. 

One family. CHALICOTHERIIDAE. (XXVII ad 

** Incisors persistent in lower jaw. 

A. Hind limbs with the proximal joiut (femur) exserted and not contain- 
ed within the common integameut. Canines of lower jaw specialized 
and differentiated from incisors. Incisors in part (i. e. lateral) persist- 
ent in upper jaw. Placenta diffuse. Stomach imperfectly quadripartite. 

(Pccoro tylopoda 8. pkalanyigrada.) 

One family. CAMELIDAE. (XXVIII.) 

B. Hind limbs with the proximal joiut (femur) not exserted but inclosed 
within the common integument. Canines of lower jaw similar to and 


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parallel with the Incisors. Incisors deciduous from upper Jaw ; per- 
sistent iu lower. Placenta and stomach diversiform. (Pccora unguli- 
grada.) 

1. Placenta polycotyledonary. Stomach quadripartite, a well-developed 
psalterium being differentiated. Incisorial series of lower jaw unin- 
terrupted at the Bymphysis. ( Pecora unguligrada typica .) 

a. Neck very long and slender, the cervical vertebrae (3-7) being 
much elongated : the dorso-lumbar vertebrae comparatively ab- 
breviated and declining backwards, the hinder limbs being shorter 
than, or as short as, the anterior. Ilorns developed as epiphyses 
of the frontals, and covered with an extension of the skin. ( Giraf- 
foidta , ) 

One family. GIRAFFIDAE. (XXIX.) 

b. Neck comparatively more or less short, the cervical vertebrae 
(3 — 7) being normally developed: the dorso-lumbar vertebrae 
longer, and highest backwards, the hinder limbs being considerably 
longer than the anterior. Ilorns diversiform. ( Boo idea .) 

i. Skull with the auditory bulla produced downwards, especially 
towards the inside, and applied behind to the paroccipital pro- 
cess. Styloid process deflected more or less forwards and en- 
closed in an oblique fold on the outer surface of the auditory 
bulla. Palatine axis declivous from the occipito-sphenoid axis. 

( Booidea typica.") 

a. Horns persistent, (common to both sexes,) and developed as 
sheaths of true ''born” on osseous cores originating from the 
frontal bones. Styloid process partially euulosed in a more or 
less open canal. 

a. 1. Olfactory orgau extremely expanded and inflated above: 
nasal bones much abbreviated, arched upwards, and entirely 
separated from the supra-maxillaries as well as lachrymals, 
the frontals projecting between the latter and the nasals. 
Supra-maxillaries and inter-maxillaries reduced and atten- 
uated forwards. Posterior nasal cavity with walls inflated 
outwards. 

SAIGIIDAE. (XXX.) 

a. 2. Olfactory organ normally developed : nasal bones elonga- 
ted, straight or declining forwards, and oouuected by suture 
with the lachrym.als, supra-maxillaries and sometimes with 
the inter-maxillaries. Supra-maxillaries and inter-maxiU 
laries well-developed forwards. 

BOVIDAE. (XXXI.) 

b. Ilorns deciduous, peculiar to the rutting season, (in both 
sexes,) developed as pseudocorneous sheaths with agglutinated 
hairs on osseous cores originating from the frontal bones. Sty- 


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loid process completely inclosed in a canal by the lateral 
extension of the base of the bony meatus auditorius. 

ANTILOCAPRIDAE. (XXXII.) 

ii. Skull with the auditory bulla little produced downwards and 
applied only to the inner surface of the paroccipital process. 

Styloid process directed downwards, interposed between the bulla 
and paroccipital process, and not inclosed in an oblique fold of 
the auditory bulla. Palatine axis nearly parallel with the oc- 
cipito-sphenoid axis. ( Dooidea cerviformia.) 

One family. CERVIDAE. (XXXIII.) 

2. Placenta diffuse. Stomach tripartite, the psalterium being unde- 
veloped. Incisorial series of lower jaw interrupted at symphysis, (the 
middle incisors very enlarged and expanded towards their crowns.) 

( Pecora unguligrada traguloidca.) 

One family. TRAGULIDAE. (XXXIV.) 

3. Familiae incertae sedis. 

a. Skull broad behind, in front of the molars contracted forwards, 
with the facial portion produced downwards and abbreviated, and 
with the nasal bones abbreviated and longitudinally arched. 

Molars (M ], PM §,) broad; inner crescentic plates of enamel run- 
ning zig-zag-wise in large sinuous flexures. Horns in two pairs. 

SIVATHERIIDAE. (XXXV.) 

b. Skull with the parietals and supraoccipital extended far back- 
wards, and contracted forwards in front of the molars, with the 
facial portion normally produced. Molars (M §, PM $,) broad; 
inner crescentic plates of enamel describing a simple curve. Horns 
none, (in both sexes ?) 

HELLADOTHERIIDAE. (XXXVI.) 

C. Hind limbs with the proximal joint (femur) not exserted, but inclosed 
within the common integument ( Inferential ). Canines of lower jaw 
similar to and parallel with the incisors. Incisors all (I 3-3) persistent 
in upper jaw. (M f, PM £, C }, I $ x2=44-) Placenta diffuse ( Inferen- 
tial ). Stomach tripartite, the psalterium being undeveloped (Inferen- 
tial). (Pecora d'ntata.' 

1. Teeth of both jaws in an interrupted series, the canines of the upper 
jaw being enlarged, and the first premolar of the lower caniniform, and 
received in diastemas of the opposite jaw. (Oreodontoidea.) 

OREODONTIDAE. (XXXVII.) 

3. Teeth of both Jaws in a nearly or quite uninterrupted series, the 
oaninea and first premolars of neither jaws projecting. (Anoplothero- 
idta.) 

a. Body somewhat cerviform, with the hind limbs little longer than 
the fore, (having the relative length normal to walking quadru- 
peds.) Teeth comparatively uniform. 

AX OPL OTHERI ID AE . (XXXVIII.) 


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b. Body somewhat leporifonn, with the hind limbs much longer than 
the fore, (as in the Leporids.) Teeth comparatively differentiated. 

DICHOBUNIDAE. (XXXIX.) 

II. Molars (M) attypically tuberculiferous. Canines of lower jaw enlarged 
and often developed as tusks, entirely differentiated and distant from 
incisors. Palatine bones scarcely contracted behind, thick, and (at the 
walls of the posterior nares) articulated with the terminal portion of the 
supramaxillary bones. Digestive system not adapted for rumination: 
stomach imperfectly septate. — Axis with the odontoid process conical. 
(Flower.) — ( Omnivora .) 

A. Body massive, with the feet phalangigrade, and their external (2, 5) 
toes well developed and produced as far as or beyond the first phalanges 
of the middle (3 — 4) toes; the last phalanges wide and with convex 
margins : manus with unciform bone much broader than high, and with 
second phalanx wedged between trapezoid and magnum ; pes with 
cuboid broader than high. Lower jaw with a deep preangular expansion 
directed forwards. (Snout rounded and with the nostrils opeu upwards 
aud sideways. Mammae two, inguinal.) Obesa. 

? Molars of upper jaw with a bow-shaped (convex extrorsely) longitudinal 
and a straight transverse valley dividing four tubercles, all of which are 
convex iutroraely (towards the palate) and concave externally, (thus 
simulating the teeth of ruminants.) Molars of lower jaw narrower than 
those of upper, aud with the longitudinal valley very narrow : (last 
molar with a supplementary posterior lobe.) Canines comparatively 
small and cylindro-conio. ( .\ftrycopotamoidea. ) 

MEBYCOPOTAMIDAE. (XL.) 

! Molars (M) of upper jaw with nearly straight or irregularly sinuous 
longitudinal and transverse valleys dividing four tubercles, of which 
the external two are convex extrorsely and the inner two convex in- 
trorsely (towards the palate.) Molars of lower jaw resembling those 
of upper, (the last molar with a supplementary posterior lobe.) 

Canines very large and furrowed along their posterior surface. (Z/ip- 

popotamoidea . ) 

HIPPOPOTAMIDAE. (XU.) 

B. Body suiform ; with the feet ungnligrade, and their external toes re- 
duced in size and not produced or assisting in progression; the last 
phalanges elongated aud trihedral: manus with the unciform little or 
no broader than deep, and with the second phalanx not wedged be- 
tween the trapezoid and maguum ; pes with cuboid deeper than broad 
and emarginated behind. Lower jaw with no preangular expansion. 

(Snout disciform and with the nostrils in it and open forwards. Mam- 
mae in increased number (4 to 10), ventral as well as inguinal.) Stti- 
fera. 

1. True molars of upper jaw with oblong crowns with four or more 
principal sub-conical lobes aud accessory smaller ones. 


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a. Oocipital bone with long deflected styliform paroccipital processes 
in front of the occipital condyles, and emitting transverse internal 
ridges in which are the condyloid foramina. Squamosals with 
their articular processes projecting directly outwards from their 
bases (and thus aloof from the auditory bullae), and with the 
xygomatic processes overlying the tualar bones. Pterygoid bones 
twisted and reflected outwards : the crest continued upwards and 
backwards into the temporal region. Articular surface for lower 
jaw trausversely couoave, autero-posteriorly convex, and with no 
post-gleuoid process. Lower jaw with triangular condyles. Canine 
teeth of upper jaw (in males) more or less twisted outwards and 
upwards and parallel with the lower. Back with no dorsal scent 
gland. (Sttifera sui/ormia .) 

i. Skull with the palato-raaxillary axis extremely deflected and 
forming a high angle with the occipito-spheuoidal axis. Basi- 
sphenoid reflected (with a crest uniting with the presphenoid), 
and forming two deep pocket-like cavities. Orbits directed up- 
wards and backwards. Malar bones very deep, and with a short 
inferior process. Dental series aberrant (molars reduced (in old) 
to true (M 1 — 3) or even last tiue molar) : last or third true molar 
elongated and composed of three longitudinal rows of columnar 
tubercles presenting, when worn, simple oval insular areas. (In- 
cisors, in adults, reduced to 2 (or none) in upper, and sometimes 
none in lower jaw.) 

PHACOCHOERIDAE. (XLII.) 

ii. Sknll with the palato maxillary axis little deflected, and uearly 
parallel with the occipito-sphenoidal axis. Basisphenoid normal, 
and with no bursiform cavities. Orbits directed outwards and 
forwards. Malar bones elongated and with a long inferior pro- 
cess. Dental series normal (M ] x2, PM \ x‘-. C } x2, 1 1 x2=44): 
molars with corrugated cusps presenting, when worn, deeply 
si nu at ed insular areas. 

8TJIDAE. (XLIH.) 

b. Occipital bone with short backward-directed paroccipital processes 
originating sideways from the occipital condyles, and emitting a 
transverse internal ridge continuous with the anterior margin of the 
bone, behind which are the condyloid foramina. Squamosals with 
their articular processes deflected from their bases and bounding 
the outside of the auditory bullae, and with the zygomatic processes 
articulating obliquely with the malar bones. Pterygoid bones 
simply curved outwards: the crest with a crest-like anterior 
process of the squamosal in front of the auditory bullae. Glenoid 
fossa curved and transversely concave, autero-posteriorly concave 
and with a distinct post-glenoid process. Lower jaw with trans- 
verse condyles. Canine teeth of upper jaw simply decurved, very 
acute and trenchant behind. Back with a posterior dorsal scent 
gland. (Setijera dicot yliformia.) 

One family. DICOTYLIDAE, (XLTV.) 

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2. True molars of upper jaw with quadrate crowns, with four principal 
pyramidal and more or less distinct!/ trihedral lobes, divided by deep 
valleys, not filled up by cement, but, in some genera, interrupted with 
minor tubercles and ridges. (Owen.) Orbits, attypically, with a 
continuous margin behind. Lower jaw, attypically, with a tubercle 
projecting outwards. ( Anthracotheroideu .) 

AXTHBACOTHERIIDAE. (XLV.) 
ABTIODACTYL1 1 INCERTAE 8EDIS. 

SUPER-FAMILY CHALICOTHEBOIDEA. 

XXVIIIa. CHALICOTHERIIDAE. 

Chalicotherium Kaup., Falc. 

PECORA. 

8UPER-FAMILY CAMELOIDEA. 

XXVIII. CAMELIDAE. 

Genera. 

Camelus Linu. 

Auchcnici 111. 

Extinct Camelidae. 

Merycolherium Bojanus. 

Poebrotherium Leidy. 

Procamel us Leidy. • 

Afegalomeryx Leidy. 

Ilomocamclus Leidy. 

Protomeryx Leidy. 

Aferycodus Leidy. 

Camel ops Leidy. 

Palauchenia Owen. 


6UPER-FAMILY GIRAFFOIDEA. 

XXIX. GIBAFFIDAE. 

Single genus. 

Giraffa Storr ex. Briss. = Camelopardalis Cuv. 


8UPER-F AMIL Y BOOIDEA. 

XXX. 8AIGIIDAE. 

Genus. 

Saiga Gray. 


XXXI. BOVIDIAE. 

SUB-FAMILIES. 

( Fide auct. plur .) 

I. Form massive, with the head declined ; with the neck abbreviated, the 
third and succeeding vertebrae being much shortened. Legs stout, and 


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with the metacarpals and metatarsals little or no longer than the phalanges 
with hoofs. 

A. Molars comparatively broad, without supplemental lobes. The basi- 
occipital bone with its tubercles well developed, and a deep groove 
between them. (Turner.) 

BOVIN A E (A.) 

B. Molars comparatively narrow, with supplemental lobes. The basioc- 
cipital bone broad and flat, with a ridge and a fossa on each side. 
(Turner.) 

OVIBOVINAE. (B.) 


II. Form slender, with the head more or less uplifted ; with the neck com- 
paratively lengthened, the third and succeeding vertebrae being not much 
shorter than thick. Legs slender, and with the metacarpals and metatar- 
sals much longer than the phalanges with hoofs. 

1. Horns diversiform (definable by no common characters), conical, 
cylindrical, or compressed ; or, sub-angular, with a sub-spiral ridge 
originating at the base anteriorly ; or, variously contorted. 

ANTILOPINAK (C.,« 


2. Horns curved backwards, sab-angular, with a rectilinear ridge an- 
teriorly continuous around the convex curve. 


CAPBXNAB. 


<X>J 


3. 


Horns curved outwards and forwards or sub-spiral, sub-angular, 
with a rectilinear ridge continuous around the convex curve. 

OVINAB. 


(■0 


Bos Linn. 

Bibos Hodgson. 

Bibos sensu strict. 

Bulalus II. Smith- 
Bubalus sensu strict. 

Ifemilos Fale. (Extinct.") 
Anon Leach. 

Poe ph a gus Gray. 

Bison H. Smith=lhmaius Wagn. 


A. BOVINAS. 


Probot Hodgson. 

Syncerus Hodgson. 
Amphibos Falc. (Extinct.) 


Oribos Blainv. 

Ovibvs sensu strict. 


Strepsiceros II. Smith. 
Oreas Desm. 
Tiayeiojtbiis Blainv. 


B. OVIBOVINAB. 


Bootherium Leidy. (Extinct.) 


C. ANTILOPINAS. 

§• I- 

(Strepsiceros Turner.) 


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5- 2. 

( Gazella Turner.) 


Pantholops Hodgson, Gray, Gerv. 

Procapra Hodgson. 
Gazella Blainv. 
Tragopa Hodgson. 
Antidorcaa Sund. 

(Antilope Turner.) 

jEpyceroa Sund. 

(Cervicapra Turner.) 

Antilope Blainv. 

(Tetraceros Turner.) 

Tctraceroa Leach. 

( Oreotragua Turner.) 

Calotragua Sund. 
Scopophorua Gray. 
Oreotragua Gray. 

(Xeotragua Turner.) 

Neaotragua Von Duben. 

(Cephalophua Turner.) 

Cephalophua H. Smith. 

( Eleotragus Turner.) 

Nanotragua Sand. 
Feint Gray. 
Eleotragus Gray. 
Adenota Gray. 
Kobua H. Smith. 



$. 3 . 


Connochetea Licht. 
Connochetes Gray. 


( Catoblepaa Turner.) 


Gorgon Gray. 


( Alcelapkus Turner.) 

Alcelaphus Blainv. 

Damalia H. Smith =z Gazella §. Gerv. 


(A r emorhaedua Turner.) 

Capricornia Ogilby. 

Nemorhaedua U. Smith. 


( Dudoreas Turner.) 

Budorcaa Hodgson. 

§. 6 . 

(Apolctro* Turner.) 

Mazama Raf., GrijssAploceroz H. Smith=.4 ntilocapra Gerr. 


( Rupieapra Turner.) 

Rupicapra Blainv., Gra y=Ca/>e//« K. and B. 


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§. 6 . 

Aegoceros H. Smith, Tnnx6Tz=Hippotragus Sand. 
Oryx Blaiuv., Turner. 

Addax Gray, Turner. 


Portax H. Smith. 


§. 7. 

( Portax Turner.) 


D. CAPHIN A3. 

Eemitragui Gray. 

Iltmilragus Gray. 

Kemas Ogilby, Gray, Gerr. 

Capra Linn. 

Aegoceros (Pall., Gray (p. 147, not p. 142). 

Ibex (Pall.), Gerv.s *Capra Gray. 

Capra (Linn.), Gerv. = Uircus Gray. 


k. ovina*. 

Ovit Linn. 

Ovis sensu strict. 

•Caprovis HodgsouacJ/uiimon Gray, Gerr, 

Pseudovis Hodgson. 

Ammotragus Blyth. 

Extinct genera. 

( Antilopinac .) 

Palaeotragus Gaudry. 

Palaeoryx Gaudry. 

Tragoceros Gaudry. 

Palaeoreas Gaudry. 

Antidorcas Gaudry. 

(Bovidaef incertae ted is.) 

Leptotherium Lund. 

Cosoryx Leidy. 

XXXII. AXTILOC APHID AE. 

Genus 

Antilocapra Ord^Dicranoceros H. Smith. 

XXXIII. CERVIDAE. 

BUB-FAMILIE3. 

I. Horns developed. 

A. Canine teeth small or none. 

CERVIWA*. (A.) 

B. Canine tooth of male enlarged and tusk-like. 

ckrvtjlinae. <B.) 

II. Horns not developed. 

A. Canine teeth of male enlarged and tusk-like. 

MOSCIIINAZ. (C.) 




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A. CEBVINAI. 

(Genera fule Sclater.) 


Alcet II. Smith. 

Rangifer II. Smith= Ta randu$ Ogilby. 


Duma II. Smith. 

CervuM Linn., Sclater. 
Cervus sensu strict. 
Elaphurut A. M. Edw. 
Rusa nodgson. 

Ax it Hodgson. 
Rlastoceros Sand. 
Coassux Gray. 
Capreolus Gray. 


§. 1 . 
$. 2 . 
§. 3 . 


Sika Hodgson. 
Rucervus Hodgson: 
Ilyclaphus Sund. 
Cariacut Gray. 
Furcifer Sund. 
Pudu Gray. 


B. CERVULINAE. 

Cervulut Blain v.=3/un(/acu* Gra y=Stylocerus H. Smith=/Vox Ogilby. 


C. M09CHINAE. 

Motchus Linn. 

Hydropotes Swinhoe. 

Extinct. 

( Cervinae .) 

Megaceros Owen. 

( Ceri'idac ? related to Moschinaef) 

Dmnothcrium K. Geoff. 

Amphitragulus Vomz\=Tragvlotherium Croizet. 

Dorcatherium Kaup. 

I.eplomeryx Leidy. 

SUPER-FAMILY TRAGULOIDEA. 

XXXIV. TRAGULIDAE. 

Genera. 

§. 1 . 

Meminna Gray. 

§• 2 . 

SUPER-FAMILY I 8IVATHER0IDEA. 

XXXV. SIVATHERIIDAE. 

Extinct. 

Sivatherium Falc. and Cautl. 


Traguhts Briss. 

Tragulus sensu strict- 

Jlyomotchus Gray. 


: Panolia 

[Gray. 


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Incertce sedis. 

Bramathcrium Falc. and Cautl. 

SUPER-FAMILY ? HELLADOTHEEOIDEA. 
XXXVI. HELLADOTHERIIDAE. 

Extinct. 

Ilelladotherium Gaudry. 


SUPER-FAMILY OREODONTOIDEA. 

XXXVII. OREODONTIDAE. 

Extinct . 

A. Orbit complete behind. Lachrymal bone impressed by a well-marked 
fossa. (Leidy.) 

ORBODONTINAB. (A.) 


B Orbit incomplete behind. Lachrymal bone with no fossa. (Leidy.) 

AORIOCUOBBIDAE. (B 


A. OREODONTINAE. 

Oreodon Leid y=Merycoidodon LeidjssColylopt Leidy. ( Fide Leidy.) 
Mcrycochocrus Leidy. 

Alerychyus Leidy. 

Leptauchenia Leidy. 


B. AORIOCHOE RID A K. 

Agriochocrus Leidy. = ? Eucrotaphua Leidy. 

SUPER-FAMILY ANOPLOTHERIOIDEA. 
XXXVIII. ANOPLOTHERIIDAE. 

Extinct. 

Annplotherium Cuv. 

Eurytherium Gervais. 


XXXIX. DICHOBUNIDAE. 

Extinct . 

( Genera Jide Turner.) 

Caenotherium Bra.ra,rd=OplotAerium Laiz. and de Far. 
Dichodon Owen. 

Dichobune Cuv. 

Xiphodon Cuv. 

Anoplotheroideaf incertce sedis,. 

Tapinodon v. Meyer, 184C. 

Choereomrryx Pomel, 1S48. 

Aphelotherium Gervais. 

February, 1872. 


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Cebochotrus Gervais. 

Zooligus Ayniard. 

Diplocus Aymard. 

Hyaegulus Potuel. 

Microtherium v. Meyer=Amphimeryx Pomel. 

Adapts Cuv. 

IJomaladothcriuni Huxl. 

OMNIVORA. 

SUPER-FAMILY MERYCOPOTAMOIDEA. 

XL. MERYCOPOTAMIDAE. 

Extinct. 

Sferycopotamus Falc. and Cautl. 

SUPER-FAMILY HIPPOPOTAMOIDEA. 

XU. HIPPOPOTAMIDAE. 

BUB-FAMILIES. 

A. Skull depressed between the orbits and with the frontal sinus ob* 
solete ; the orbits prominent above the level of the forehead, and closed 
behind. 

HIPPOPOTAMINAE. (A.) 

B. Skull convex between the orbits and with the frontal sinus well 
developed; the orbits depressed below tho level of the forehead and 
incomplete behind. 

CHOEROPbLNAE. <B.) 

A. HIPPO POT AM IN AE. 

Hippopotamus Llnn.= Tetraprotodon Falc. and Cautl. 

B. CHO EROPSIN AX. 

Choeropsis Leidy. 


Extinct. 

( Hippopotaminae . ) 

Uexaprotodon Falc. and Cautl. 

8UPER-FAMILY SETIFERA. 

XLII. PHACOCHOERIDAE. 

Genus. 

Phacochoems F. Cu v.—Eureodon (1. Fisch. 

Extinct genus referred ( erroneously f') to Phacochoeridae. 
Calydonius v. Meyer. 


XLIII. 8UIDAE. 

$ 1 . 


Babirutsa F. Cur.= Porcus Wagler. 



83 


}. 2 . 

Potamochoeru » Gray= Choiropotanus Gray. 

Sus Linn. 

Sus Gray. Scro/a Gray. 

Ce/i/ur<o.4H4 Grays* G ’ yrosus CtrtLy=Plychoclioerus Fit*. 

Porcula Hodgson. 

Extinct genus incertce sedis. 

Hippohyus Falc. and Caatl. 

XXIV. DICOTYLIDAE. 

Genera, 

Dicot yles Cur. 

Xotophorus Gray. 

Extinct. 

Piatygonns Lee., Leid y.=llyaps Lee . =mProtochoeru$ Lee. =Euchoerus Leidy. ( Fids 
Leidy.) 


SUPER-FAMILY ANTHRACOTHEROIDEA. 

XLV. ANTHRACOTHERIIDAE. 

Extinct. 

8tTB-FAMILIE8. 

A. Premolars of upper jaw in part (PM 4) resembling the true molars, 
and with tubercles in transverse series (-J- 1 - 1 -) separated by transverse 
rallies; the preceding (PM 3, 2, 1) successively more and moro differ- 
entiated forwards. 

HYOPOTAMIMAE. (A.) 

B. Premolars (PM 4, 3, 2, 1) of upper Jaw all differentiated from the true 
molars, and each with a conical crown aud a small inner lobe. 

ANTHBACOTHERIINAE. (B.) 


A. HYOPOTAMINAE. 

Hyopotamus Owen. 

Dothryodon Ayinard=.-t ncodus Pomel. 

B. AKTHBACOTHJBBIXICAE. 

Anlhracotherium Cuv. 

Elotherium Pomel. 

EXTINCT 0MNIV0RA1 INCERT2E 8EDIS. 

Choeropotamus Cur. 

Palaeochoerus Pomel = Cyclognathus Croizet = Drachygnathus Pomel = Synaphodus 
Pomel. 

Choeromorus Lartet. 

Enttlodon Aymard. 

IJeterohyus Gervais. 

Aeotherulum Gervais. 

Ckoer other ium F&\o. = Tctraconodon Falc. 


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Tilanotherium Leidy. 
Perchoerus Leidy. 
l^rptochoerus Leidy. 
Nanohyus Leidy. 


PERISSODACTYLI. 

FAMILIES. 

I, Incisors (4? in lower jaw) in part gliriforra, the outer haring persistent 
pulps, and growing continuously in a circular direction. ( Anchippodonto- 
idea .) 

ANCHIPPODONTIDAE. (XLV. a.) 

II. Iucisors not gliriform. 

1. Middle digit and hoof hypertrophied and alono supporting the body, 
the lateral (second and fourth) digits being more or less atrophied and 
functionless, or (attypically) obsolete (reduced to the condition of 
“splint bones”). Femur with a fossa above the external condyle. 

Skull (attypically) much prolonged forwards. Molars subequal (not 
decreasing forwards) and cuboid; pre-molars (PM 3-4) also enlarged 
(not decreasing forwards) and (oxeept second) cuboid; the second 
(PM 2) elongated; the first milk molar (I) 1) more or less persistent 
and not replaced by a pro-molar (PM 1) ; disproportionately small. 

Incisors with a deep invaginated fold of enamel penetrating the in- 
terior from the crown, and producing a central cavity filled with 
cementum. (Solidungula.) 

A. Ulna with the shaft atrophied and the extremities nnchylosed and 
consolidated with the radius. Fibula rudimentary and anchylosed 
to the tibia. Skull with the orbit complete behind. Upper molars 
(PM and M) — at least, of second set — with a deep valley re-entering 
from the postrorse portion of the inner side obliquely forwards, and 
(in connection with a more or less deep valley re-entering from the 
introrse portion of the anterior border or the angle) more or less 
isolating an introrse enamel lobe or area, and with two (auterior and 
posterior) crescentic enamel islands. Lower molars (PM 2, M 2) 
with a valley re-enteriug inwards from the outer wall, one from the 
introrse portion of the anterior wall, and another (terminating in 
anterior and posterior branches) from the posterior portion of the 
inner wall. 

EQUIDAE. (XL VI.) 

B. Ulna with the shaft complete and moderately developed, and more 
or less differentiated from the radius. Fibula archetypically com- 
plete but archylosed with the tibia. Skull with the orbit incomplete 
behind. Upper molars (PM 3-4 and M) with a d**ep (anterior) val- 
ley re-entering from the middle of inner side inwards and forwards 




85 


and ending in lateral branches, and with a (posterior) valley re- 
entering from the posterior wall. Lower molars with a V-shaped 
▼alley re-entering from the outer wall, and two V-shaped Tallies, 
re-entering from the inner wall (the crowns having W-shaped 

ridges) 

ANCHITHERIIDAE. (XLVII.) 

2. Middle digit and hoof not hypertrophied, and only in connection with 
the lateral supporting the body, the lateral being well developed and 
efficient. Femur without a fossa above the external condyle. Skull 
moderately prolonged forwards. Molars unequal (the first smaller 
than the second), diversiform ; pre-molars decreasing in size forwards ; 
first milk molar not persistent, hut (generally) replaced by a pro- 
molar (PM 1) of moderate size. Incisors without an iuvaginated fold 
of enamel penetrating the interior. 

A. Nasal region expanded or thrown backwards, the an pram axillary 
bones forming a more or less considerable portion of the border of 
the nasal aperture; the nasal bones contracted forwards, or atro- 
phied. Molars with crowns traversed by more or less well-defined 
continuous ridges. 

a. Upper molars with a continuous onter wall and without com- 
plete transverse crests. ( IlhinocerotoUIea . ) 

aa. Neck abbreviated. Incisor teeth (attyplcally) reduced in 
number or entirely suppressed. (Wtinoccrotoidca rhinoctroti - 
formia .) 

* Skull with the basiocclpital comparatively well developed 
behind and narrowed forwards; (with tympanic and periotic 
bones anchylosed and wedged in between the squamosal, ex- 
occipital and other adjacent cranial bones. — Huxley;) with 
the nasal bones produced forwards and more or less arched, 
and meeting an upward developed expansion of the supra- 
maxillary bones. Upper molars with a deep valley extending 
obliquely inwards from the median portion of the inner wall 
and (PM 4, M 1-2) a shallow one extending from the posterior 
wall. Lower molars (PM 2, M 3) with two curved transverse 
crests. 

BHINOCEROTIDAE. (XLVIII.) 

bb. Neck more or less elongated. Inoisor teeth developed in 
normal number ($). ( Rhinocerotoidea macraucheniformia .) 

* 8kull with the basiocclpital widened forwards : with the nasal 
bones extremely reduced and above or behind the orbits : the 
supraraaxillary bones rectilinear above, arched and approxi- 
mating each other in front of the nasal aperture but separated 
by the extension upward of the vomer ? Dental series almost 


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continuous : upper posterior molars (M 2, 3) eacii with a shal- 
low valley extending inwards from the anterior portion of the 
inner wall, and with two or three deep depressions in the 
inner half: lower molars (PM 3, M 3) with two (anterior 
and posterior) more or less defined orescent- shaped ridges: 
canines small. 

MACRAUCHENIIDAE. XXIX.) 

** Skull with the basioncipital comparatively narrow forwards : 
with the nasal bones produced forwards and terminating in 
a free narrowed surface; the supra-maxillary bones with an 
upward developed expansion (connected with the nasal 
bones) and widely separated above in front. Dental series 
interrupted by wide diastemas: upper molars (PM 2, M 1, 2, 

3) each with a deep valley extending obliquely inwards from 
the median portion of the inner wall and a shallow one ex- 
tending from the augle or posterior wall : lower molars (PM 
2, M 2) with two (anterior and posterior) crescent-shaped 
ridges: canines well developed. 

PALAEOTHERIIDAE. (X.) 

b. Upper (as well as lower) true molars without a continuous outer 
wall, but (M 2-3, at least,) each with two complete transverse 
crests. ( Lophiodontoidta .) 

1. True molars as well as pre-molars in part (PM 2, 3, 4) nearly 
similar, squarish, and each with the anterior crest marginal, but 
with an anterior cingulum terminating in a cusp at the autero- 
onter angle of the tooth ; hindmost molar (M 3) with no posterior 
lobe. Anterior feet with four toes; posterior with three, (in 
known types). . 

TAPIRIDAE. (XI.) 

2. True molars and pre-molars differentiated from each other ; the 
former oblong, with the anterior crest remote from the anterior 
margin and continuous with a small crest recurrent from the 
outer wall: hindmost molar with a posterior lobe; (pre-molars 
not bilophodont but with a lobe extending inwards from the 
inner wall). Anterior feet with four (?) toes; posterior with 
three (?). 

LOPHIODONTIDAE. (in.) 


B. Nasal region compressed and extended forwards, the supramaxil- 
lary bones excluded from the nasal aperture ; the nasal bones 
elongated and extending far forwards, and articulated with the in- 
termaxillary bones. Molars (M 1, 2, 3) of upper jaw each with two 
transverse rows of tubercles (3j3) separated by a transverse valley 
and with a cingulum anteriorly and internally: (lower molars dis- 
similar). ( Pliolophoidea.') 


PLIOLOPHIDAE. (XIIL) 


87 


Perissodactylit incertae ted is. 


Molar teeth of lower jaw with a crenulated longitudinal ridge. Canines and 
incisors wanting. 


ELASMOTHERIIDAE. 


(LIV.i 


8UPER-FAMILY ANCHIPPODONTOIDEA. 

XLV a. ANCHIPPODONTIDAE. 

• Extinct. 

Anchippodus Leidy =Trogo tut Leidy. 

SUPER-FAMILY SOLID UN GULA. 

XL VI. EQUIDAE. 

Genera. 

Equus Linn. 

Asinus Gray. 

Asinus sensn strict. Hippotigris H. Smith. 

Extinct , 

Bipparion Christo]— Hi ppotherium Kaup. 

Merychipput Leidy. 

Protophipput Leidy = II tppidion Owen 1870. 

XLYIL ANCHITHERIIDAE. 

Extinct. 

Genera fide Leidy. 

Anchitherium r. Mey e r = Bi ppa ritherium Christol. 

Hypokippus Leidy, 1808. 

Purahippus Leidy, 1858. 

Anchippus Leidy, 1868. 


8UPER-FAMIIY RHINO CEROTOIDEA. 

XLVin. RHINOCEROTIDAE. 

Genera. 

Rhinaster Gray. 

Rhinaster sensn strict. Ceratotherium Gray. 

Rhinoceros Linn. 

Rhinoceros sensu strict. Ceratorhinus Gray. 


Coelodonta Bronn. 

Acerothirium Kanp. 
Badactherium Croizet. 
Byracodon Leidy, 


Extinct. 
§• 1 . 

*. 2 . 


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XZIX. MACRAUCHENIIDAE. 

Extinct. 

Macrnuchtnia Owen =Opitthorhinu» Bravard. 


L. PALAEOTHERIIDAE. 

Extinct. 

Palaeotherium Cut. 

Monacrum Aymard. 

Propalacotherium Gervais, 1849. 

Paloplotherium Ovren=Plagiolophus Pomel. 


8UPER-FAMILY LOPHIODONTOIDEA. 
LI. TAPIRIDAE. 

Genera. 

§• 1 . 

Elasmognathus Gill. 


5.2. 

Tapirus Linn. 

Phinochoerus Gray. 


LII. LOPHIODOFTIDAE. 

Extinct. 

Genera Jide Broun. 

Lophiodon C\iv.= Tapirotherium Blaiuv. 1817 (not 1846). 

Tapiroporcus Jiiger, 1835. 

Coryphodon Owen, 1846. 

Litlriudon v. Meyer, 1846= Tapi rotherium Lartet 

Pachynolopltu. Pomel, 184~=IJyracothmum Ulainv. 1844 (not Owen, 1840). 
Lophiotherium Gervais, 1849. 

Tapirulus Gervais, 1850. 

Anchilophut Gervais, 1852. 


SUPER-FAMILY PLIOLOPHOIDIA. 
LIU. PLIOLOPHIDAE. 

Extinct 

Pliolophus Owen. 


PERISSODACTYLI INCERTAE SEDIS. 
LIV. ELASMOTHERIIDAE. 

Extinct. 

Elasmotherium Fischer = ? Stereoceros Duvernoy. 

UNGULATAt IECERTAE SEDIS. 

Hyracotherium Owen. 

Stereognathus Owen. 


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IV. TOXODONTIA. 

FAMILIES. 

I. Teeth 44 (M f, PM f, C I Jx2) ; molars of upper jaw mostly (PM 3-4, 

M 1) oblong, moderately narrowed backwards, with two folds (the ante- 
rior of which is divided) re-entering from the inner side. Incisors three 
on each side, with simple fangs ; the first largest, compressed, widely 
separated from its homologue; the second smaller, trihedral; the third 
lateral and behind the second, and rudimentary: molars of lower jaw 
comparatively broad and complex: cauiues moderate; incisors implanted 
in a curved row. 

FESODONTIDAE. (LV .) 

II. Teeth 36 (M l, PM J, C g. I ;X2) ; molars with enamel coat interrupted 
at the anterior and posterior margins ; those of upper jaw mostly (P.M 3, 4, 

M 1-3) obliquely triangular, rapidly narrowed backwards, with a single 
simple fold re-entering obliquely forwards from the inner side. Incisors 
of upper jaw two on each side, but with incisorial crowns, the outer with 
roots of nearly uniform diameter throughout, and describing the segment 
of a circle, (like those of rodents.) and with persistent pulp— -(Owen) : 
molars of lower jaw narrowed, especially the posterior portions ; canines 
rudimentary ; incisors in a nearly straight line. 

TOXODOFTIDAE. (LVI.) 


LV. TTESODONTIDAE. 

Extinct. 

Xetodon Owen. 

LVI. TOXODOFTIDAE. 

Extinct. 

Toxodon Owen 


V. HYRACOIDEA. 

FAMILY. 

LYII. HYHACIDAE. 

Genera. 

Ryrax Linn. 

Ilyrax Gray. Enlujrax Gray. 

htndrohyrax Gray. 


IV. PROBOSCIDEA. 

FAMILIES. 

I. Incisors of upper jaw (14-1) everted, enormously developed and modified 
as cyliudro-conic tusks, with roots extending backwards and converging, 


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and thus producing a high pre-narial rampart: incisors of lower jaw com- 
paratively small and directed forwards, or entirely absent. Molars suc- 
cessively displacing each other from behind forwards (and therefore no 
pre-molars replacing the deciduous ones), and not more than two (or one) 
fully developed at the same time. Skull abbreviated and enlarged 
obliquely, convex backwards and outwards, and with the occipital con- 
dyles declined. 

ELEPHANTIDAE. (1VUI.) 

II. Incisors of upper jaw atrophied or absent, (and consequently an uninter- 
rupted oval depression occupying the naso-maxillary region) : incisors of 
lower jaw (1-J-l) enlarged, and developed as tusks decurved downwards 
and backwards, and involving the syniphysial poition of the jaw. Molars 
vertically developed (with pre-molars replacing the deciduous molars), 
and in considerable number (PM M ]X-) at the same time. Skull 
moderately long, and with the occipital condyles inclined upwards. 

DINOTHEBIIDAE. (LIX.) 


LVin. ELEPHANTIDAE. 

SUB-FAMILIES. 

I. Intermediate molars (D 4, M 1,2) with an “isomerous” ridge formula 
(i. e. with the ridges equal in number in the successive teeth — three to 
five): the ridges attypically continuous: the valleys with a thick deposit 
of cementum. 

ELEPHANT IN AX. (A.) 

II. Intermediate molars (D 4, M 1, 2) with a “hypisomerous” or “aniso- 
merons” ridge formula (». e. with the ridges increasing in number by one 
(“hypisomerous”) or more (“anlsoraerous”) in the successive teeth (e. g. 

D 4 7 , M 1®, M 2* to D 4« p®-, M l 1 ****-, M 2 ,, P* n ): the ridges with more or 
less mammilliform tubercles: the valleys with little or no cementum. 

MA8TODONTINAJL (B.) 

A. XLXPHANTINAX. 

Elrphat \Ax\Zi=Elct*modon ¥&\c.=Euelephas Falc. 

Loxmhmta F. Cuv.s=£oxo<fon Falc. 


Stcgodon Falc. 


Extinct genus. 


B. XASTODONTINAX. 

Extinct. 

Pentalophodon Falc. 

Mastodon C\\V.= Tetralophodon Falc. 

Tetracaulodon Qodmnix^=tTrilophodon Falc. 


Dinothcrium Kaup. 


LIX. DINOTHEBIIDAE. 

Extinct. 


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VIL SIRENIA. 

FAMILIES. 

1. Tail entire, rounded, and with the vertebrae towards last (i. e. 5-j-x); 
sub-cylindrical and destitute of transverse processes. Intermaxillary 
bones with the brandies little prolonged backwards and with the anterior 
portion nearly or quite straight. ( Trichechoidea.) 

TRICHECHILAE. (LX.) 

Ii Tail forked, and with the vertebrae (except the terminal) depressed and 
provided with transverse processes. Intermaxillary bones (attypically) 
with the branches prolonged backwards and with the anterior portion more 
or less deflected. ( Ilalicoroidea .) 

A. Teeth present, and in part at least functionally developed in the adult: 

molars £ to £x2 in number, but rarely present in full complement, the 
anterior being gradually cast ; incisors in the upper jaw two (more or less 
prominent) at least in the male. Teeth of the complete series — at least 
of Trichechidae — M C I * X2; the upper incisors only persistent, 

the others as well as the canines being reabsorbed; molars successively 
increasing in size backwards. 

1. Molars mostly with two or three roots each (generally three-rooted 
above aud two-rooted below) ; and with crowns furnished with obtuse 
tubercles arranged in transverse yoke-like eminences, and in the 
posterior ones with an additional narrower tnberculated yoko behind 
the principal ones. {Brandt.) 

HALITHERIIDAE. (LXI.) 

2. Molars with simple hollow roots (not separated from the crowns) ; 
with crowns furnished with little prominent tubercles, few in number 
(in the anterior teeth simple or double, in the rest three or four) not 
forming yoke-like eminences, and early worn away aud disappearing. 

HALICORIDAE. (LXII.) 

B. Teeth absent. (Intermaxillary lines with the apical portion produced 
and simulating incisorial teeth. Manducation is only effected by a 
very large palatine corneous plate, and by another opposed to it and 
covering the very largo and elongated symphysis of the lower jaw. — 

Brandt .) 

RHYTINIDAE. (LXIII.) 


SUPER-FAMILY TRICHECOIDEA. 
LX. TRICHECHIDAE. 

Genua. 

Trichechua Linn = Mamttua Storr=*CAry*fonui* Fischer. 

7 


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SOTEIt-FAMILY HALICOROIDEA. 

LXX. HALITHERIIDAE. 

Extinct . 

Halitheriusn Kanp, 183 S^&aHanassa v. Meyer, 1838. 

Mrtaxytherium de Christol. Fucotherium Kanp. 

Unlitherium Kaup. Pontotherium Kaup* 

Pugmeodon Kaup. Cheirotkerium Bruuo. 


T.TT T HALICORIDAE. 

Genus. 

llalirore l\l\ger=Dur/ungus TiedmmsPlatystomus Fisch. 

LXni. RHYTIKIDAE. 

Genus. 

Extinct f 

Rhytina Ste\\er=Sti IIcrus Desra .tatNepus Fisch. 

SIBERIA I IN CERT AE SEDTS. 

Extinct. 

Trachytherium Gervais. 
iVorastornus Owen. 

Anoplonattsa Cope. 

Jlemicaulodon Cope. 

Crassitherium Van Beueden. 


VIII. CETE. 

SEB-OEDEES. 

I. Intermaxillaries expanded forwards, normally interposed between the 
maxillaries, and forming the terminal as well aa anterior portion of the 
lateral margin of the upper jaw. Nasal apertures produced more or less 
forwards, and with the nasal bones freely projecting. Teeth of the inter- 
maxillaries apparently in normal number (3-4-3), conic ; of the maxillaries, 

2- or 3-rooted. 

ZEUGLODONTIA. 

II. Intermaxillaries narrowed forwards, forming only the point of the upper 
jaw, and underlaid by the maxillaries, which form the entire lateral alve- 
olar margins of the jaw. Nasal apertures far back, near the vertex, and 
with the nasal bones appressed. Teeth (when present) all single-rooted. 

A. Teeth more or less persistent after birth. Upper Jaw without baleen. 
Supramaxillary expanded backwards over the frontal bones, but not 
produced outwards in front of the orbits. Rami of lower jaw united by 


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a symphyReal suture. Olfactory organ rudimentary or absent ; the nasal 
boues appressed ou the froutals and overlapped distal ly by the tneseth- 
moid. 

DENTICETE. 

B Teeth absorbed and disappearing before birth. Upper jaw provided 
with plates of baleen. Suprauiaxillary not expanded backwards over 
the frontal bones, but produced outwards in front of the orbits. Rami 
of lower jaw connected by fibrous tissue, and not by sature. Olfactory 
organ distinctly developed; the nasal bones projecting forwards, and 
not overlapped at their distal ends. 

MYSTICETE. 


ZEUGLODONTIA. 

FAMILIES. 

I. Parietal, frontal, and especially nasal bones elongated. Anterior nares 
open forwards. (Cope.) 

BA8IL0SAURIDAE. (LXIV.) 

II. Parietal, frontal, and especially nasal bones abbreviated. Anterior nares 
open far behind. (Cope.) 

CYNORCIDAE. (LXV.) 


LXIV. BASIL08ATJRIDAE. 

Extinct genera, 

Batilotaurut Harl .=Zeuglodon Owen =Polyptychodon Eumiona== //ydrarc/tos Koch. 
Durodon Gibbes =Pontogenus Leidy. 

LXV. CYNORCIDaE. 

Extinct genera, 

(Fide Copei .) 

Portkeodon Cope. 

Sgualodon Grat .=Colophonodon Leidy, Cope, 1867. 

Cynorca Cope. 

Dclphinodon Leidy =:Sgual<xlon Cope, 1867. 

Genera t incertac sedis. 

Stenodon Van Ben. 

Saurocetus Gibbes. 


DENTICETE. 

FAMILIES. 

I. Rostrum of skull moderately prolonged, and terminating in a rounded or 
subaugulaled apex. 

A. Head (generally) rostrated and attenuated, or ledge-like around the 
margin. Skull with the vertex produced forwards. Supraoccipital not 
projecting forwards laterally above the temporal foes». Proutals visible 


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above only as elongated book-shaped borders produced backwards 
around the maxillaries. (Delphinoidea.) 

1. Lachrymal bones ooalesced with the jugals. 


a. Costal cartilages not ossilled. The tubercular and capitular 
articulations of the ribs bleudiug together posteriorly. (Flower.) 

al. Maxillary bones with crests null or little developed. Teeth in 
great part with a complete cingulum, or a distinct tubercle at the 
base of the crown. Eye moderate. External respiratory aperture 
transversely crescentiform. 

INIIDAE. (LX VI.) 

a2. Maxillary bones with large bony incurved crests. Teeth with- 
out cingulum or tubercle. Eye rudimentary. External respira- 
tory aperture longitudinal. 

PLATANISTIDAE. (LX VII.) 


b. Costal cartilages firmly ossified. Posterior ribs losing their capitu- 
lar articulation, and only uniting with the transverse processes of 
the vertebra) by the tubercle. (Flower.) 

DELPHINIDAE. (LXVIII.) 

2. Lachrymal bones distinct from the jugals. 

a. Costal cartilages not ossified. The hinder ribs losing their tuber- 
cular, and retaining their capitular articulation with the vertebrie. 

(Flower.) 

ZIPHIIDAE, (LXIX.) 

B. Head not rostrated marginated ; snout high towards the front 
and projecting beyond the mouth. Skull raised behiud and retrorsely 
convex. Supraoecipital projecting forwards laterally to or beyond the 
vertical of the temporal fossa). Frontals visible above as erect triangular 
or retrorsely falciform wedges between the maxillaries and supraoecipital. 

( Physcteroidea .) 

PHYSETERIDAE. (LXX.) 

II. Rostrum of skull prolonged into a slender, straight beak, the inter- 
maxillary and maxillary bones forming a cylinder, bearing teeth oil its 
proximal portion. ( Rlmbdosteoidea .) 

RHABDOSTEIDAE. (LXXI.) 


BTTPEE-FAMILY DELPHINOEDEA. 
LX VI. INIIDAE. 


I nia D*Orb. 

Tretosphys Cop©. 
ZarhacUis Cope. 
Priscodelphinus Leidy. 
Ixactinlhus Cope. 
Lophocelus Cope. 


Genus. 

Extinct Iniidact 


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Piatanista Cuv. 


LX VII. PLATANISTIDAE. 

Genus. 


LX VIII. DELPHINIDAE. 

SUB-FAMILIES. 

I. Neck evident externally, the cervical region being attenuated. Frontal 
atea longitudinally expanded an! little depressed. Postorbital process of 
frontal and zygomatic process of squamosal projecting outwards, and the 
latter enlarged and directed forwards. Maxillary with a crest and free 
margin over orbital region. 

PONTOPORIINAX. (A.) 

II. Neck not evident externally, the cervical region not being differentiated. 

Frontal area abbreviated and declivous. Postorbital process of frontal 
and zygomatic process of squamosal compressed, and the latter compara- 
tively short and oblique. Maxillary with no supraorbital crest. 

1. Digits (second and third) not segmented into more than 5-6 pha- 
langes, each. 

a. Cervical vertebras all distinct. 

DELFITINAPTERIN AE (B.) 

b. Cervical vertebrae more or less (2 to 7) consolidated. 

DELPHININAE. (C.) 

2. Digits (second and third) segmented into numerous phalanges. 

QLOBIOCEPHALINA.B (D> 


A. POICTOPORIIN AB. 

Pontoporia Gra j=S:enotielph!s Gerv. 

B. DELFHIN APTEKINAE. 

Del phinnpi crus Lac., Lillj.=Z3ehiya Gray. 

Monodon Linn. 

c. dbephutihak. 

S'talia Gra j. 

Steno Gray. 

Drlphinus Linn. 

Cfymenia Gray. 

Tursiops Gerv. = Tursio Gray. 

Cephalorkynchus F. Cuv .= Eutropict Gray. 

JAigenorhynchus Gray. 

Electra Gray. Feresa Gray. 

Eucopleurus Gray. Lagenorhynchus Gray. 

Leuci>rhamphus Lillj .=zDelpliinaj>(erut Gray (not Lac.) 

P-nulorca Reinh. 

Orcn Gray 

Orca sensu strict. Ophysia Gray. 

Orcaella G ray. 

Phocaena Gray. 

Phocrtna sensu strict. Acanthodelpltis Gray. 

A 'earner is Gray. 

Sagmalias Cope. 


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D. QLQB lOCKPHA-LIN AJE. 

Globxocephalus Gray. 

Globioceph ilu t seiisu strict. Sphaerocephalus Gray. 

Grampus Gray. 


LXIX. ZIPHIIDAE. 

BUB-FAMILIES. 

I. Maxillaries with uo incurved lateral crests. 

11. Maxillaries with greatly developed incurved create. 


ZIFHIINAK. (A.) 
ANANAKCINAE, (£. 


A. ZIPUIIN A2. 

Ziphius Cav.—Epiodon Gray. 

Epiodon Gray. Petroryhnc.hu s Gray. 

Mtsoplodon Gerv. =* Ziphius Gray = Ileterodon Blainv. 1816 (not Beauv. 
1800) = Diodon Loss. = Aodon Less. = Nodus Wagl. 

Ziphius Gray. Dolichodon Gray. 

Neoziphius Gray. Dioplodon Gerv. 

Berardius Duv. 


B. ANAXLHACZKAK. 

Anarruicus Lac .=IJyperoodon Lao. = Chcnocetus Esc hr. 

Ilyperoodon Gray. Lagenocetus Gray. 

Extinct Ziphiidae. 

Choncziphius Dnv. 

Belemn mi phi u$ lluxl. 

Placoziphius Vau Hen. 

Ziphirostrum Vau Ben. 

Aporotus Du Bus. 

Ziphiopsis Du Bus. 

Hhinoslodes Du Bus. 


SUPER-FAMILY PHYSETEROIDRA. 

LXX. PHYSETERIDAE. 

SUB-FAMILIES. 

I. Head very large, truncated in front. Blow-hole near the edge of the 
snout. Cerebral cavity declining downwards. Jugal and zygomatio pro- 
cesses of squamosal connected. 

FHYSBTBRINAJC. (AJ 


II. Head moderate, conic in front. Blow-hole frontal. Cerebral cavity 
inclining upwards. Jngal and zygomatio processes of squamosal remote. 

KOOIXKAE. (XL) 


A. PRYSETEaiNAB. 


Physeter Linn . — Catodon Gra.y-\- Physeter Gray. 

Physeter seusu Strict. Meganturon Gray. 


B. KOOIXKAX. 

Kogia G ray = Eu phy setts Wall. 

L'aiUynuthus Gill. 


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Extinct Phyaeteridacf 

Orycterocetua Leidy. 

Ontocttus Leidy. 


Rhabdoateut Cope. 


SUPER-FAMILY 1 RHABDOSTEOIDEA. 
LXXI. RHABDOSTEIDAE. 

Extinct genua. 


MYSTICETE. 

I. Skull with the maxillary region slightly arched, and with short baleen 
plates. Rostrum broad at the base, gradually tapering, depressed. Front- 
al* with the orbital processes moderately prolonged, broad, and flat ou the 
upper surface. (Snpramaxillary bones with the posterior margin deeply 
excavated.) Tympanic bones elongated, ovoid. Lower jaw with the coro- 
noid process more or less developed. Cervical vertebras in whole or in 
part separated. Manua narrow, with four digits (first wanting). (Flower. ) 

B AL AEN OPTERID AE. (LX XII.) 

II. Skull with the maxillary region greatly arched, and with long, narrow 
baleen plates. Rostrum narrow aud compressed at the base. Froutals 
with the orbital processes ranch prolonged, and extremely narrow and 
rounded on the upper surface. (Supramaxillary bones with the posterior 
margins entire.) Tympanic bones broad, rhomboid. Lower jaw with the 
coronoid processes scarcely perceptible. Cervical vertebras coalesced. 

Manus broad, with five digits. (Flower.) 

BALAENIDAE. (LXXIII.) 


LXXII. B AL AEN OPTERID AE. 

SUB-FAMILIES. 

I. Throat not plicated. Dorsal fin null. 

II. Throat longitudinally plicated. Dorsal fin developed. 


AO APH ELIN AB. (A.) 


A. Frontal with the orbital processes much narrowed externally. (Flower.) 

Manus very long, with the four digits segmented into many phalanges. 

Dorsal fin hump-like. 

MEOAPTERINAE. (B.) 

B. Frontal processes with the orbital processes nearly as broad at the 
outer extremity as the base, or somewhat narrowed. (Flower.) Manus 
moderate, with the four digits having each not more than six phalanges. 

Dorsal fin high, erect, falcate or subfalcate. 

BALAENOPTEKINAX. (O) 

A. AOAPHELIJVAX. 

Agrtphelua Cope. 

Rhacliianectea Cope. 

February, 1872. 


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98 

Megapatera Gray. 

Poescopia Gray. 

Eschrichtius Gray. 


Phy talus Gray. 

Bencdenia Gray. 

Cuvier ins Gray. 

Sibbaldius Gray, 186G=f7ouwiui Lillj. 1867. 

Rudolphius Gray (s. g.), 1866 = Sibbaldius Lillj. 1867. 

§. 2 . 

Balaenoptern Lac. 

Balaenoptera sensu strict. Swinhoia Gray. 

Extinct genera incertae tedis. 

Cetotheriutn Brandt. 

Plesiocetus Van Ben and Gerv. 

L XXIII. BALAEHIDAE. 

Genera . 

( Fids Gray.) 

Balaena Linn. 

Ncobalaena Gray. 

Eubalaena Gray. 

Hunterius Gray. 

Caperea Gray. 

Macleayius Gray. 

Extinct Balaenidael 

Palaeocetus Seeley. 


B. MEQAPTBRUfAJL 


C. BALAENOPTEHINAK. 

§• 1 . 

Phy talus Gray. 


YM -Kl 


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