Sci, 

New  York  State  Education  Department 


NEW  YORK  STATE  MUSEUM 

6ist  ANNUAL  REPORT 
1907 

In  3  volumes 
VOLUME  2 

APPENDIXES  2,  3 


2  0^ 


TRANSMITTED  TO  THE  LEGISLATURE  JANUARY  30,  1908 


ALBANY 

UNIVERSITY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    NEW    YORK 
1908 


STATE  OF  NEW  YORK 

EDUCATION  DEPABTMENT 

Regents  of  the  University 

With  years  wTien  Jierms  expire 

1913  Whitelaw  Reid  M.A.  LL.D.  D.C.L.   Chancellor    -  New  York 

1917  St  Clair  McKelwav  M.A.  LT^.D.    Vice  Chancellor   -  Brooklyn 
1919  Daniel  Beach  Ph.D.  LL.D.    -------  Watkins 

1914  Pliny  T.  Sexton  LL.B.   LL.D.     -     -     _     -     _     -  Palmyra 
1912  T.  GuiLFOHD  Smith  M.A.   C.L.  LL.D.    -     -     -     -  Buftalo 

1918  William  Nottingham  M.A.  Ph.D.  LL.D.    _     -     -  Syracuse 

1910  Charles  A.  Gardiner  Ph.D.  L.H.D.  LL.D.  D.C.L.  New  York 

1915  Albert  Vander  Vekr  M.D.  M.A.  Ph.D.  LL.D.      -  Albany 

191 1  Edward  Lautrrbach  M.A.  LL.D.     -----  New  York 
1909  Eugene  A.  Philbin  LL.B.  LTv.D.      -     _     _     -    -  New  York 

1916  LuciAN  L.  Shedden  LL.B.  LL.D.       _____  Plattsburg 

Commissioner  of  Education 

Andrew  S.  Draper  LL.B.  LL.D. 

Assistant  Commissioners 

Augustus  S.  Downing  M.A.  Pd.D.  LT.,.D.  First  Assis/ant 
Frank  Rollins  B.A.  Ph.D.  Second  Assistant 
Thomas  E.  Finegan  iNL.\.    Third  Assistant 

Director  of  State  Library 

James  L  Wyer,  Jr,  M.L.S. 

Director  of  Science  and  State  Museum 

John  M.  Clakki.  PI1.D.  LL.D. 

Chiet!,  ,.i   w, V, .,,„.-, 

Administration,    Haklan    II.    Doknir   I'.A. 

.'\ttcn<lancc,  Jamis   I).  Si  i.i  ivan 

I-'diirational  Extension,  William  R.  Eastma.n  .\I..\.  M.L.S. 

Examinations,  (jiari.ks   F.   Whkklock   B.S,    Li. I). 

Inspections,   Frank   H,  Wood  NLA. 

Law,  I'rank   V>.  ('.n.itiki-  B..'\. 

School  Libraries,  Charles  E.   I'm  ir   L.II.D. 

Statistics,  Hiram  C.  Case 

Trades  Schools,  Arthur  D.  Dkan  B.S. 

Visual  Instruction,  DkLancey  M,  Ellis 


State  of  New  York 


No.  31 


IN  ASSBMBLV 


January  30,  1908 


6ist  ANNUAL  REPORT 

OF    THE 

NEW  YORK  STATE  MUSEUM 


VOLUME   2 


To  the  Legislative  of  the  State  of  New  York 

We  have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith,   pursuant  to  law,   as 

the  6rst  Annual   Report  of  the  New  York  State   Museum,   the 

report    of    the    Director,    including    the    reports    of    the    State 

Geologist  and  State  Paleontologist,  and  the  reports  of  the  State 

Entomologist  and  the  State  Botanist,  with  appendixes. 

St  Clair  McKelway 

Vice  Chajicellor  of  the   University 

Andrew  S.   Draper 

Commissioner  of  Education 


Appendix  2 

Entomolog}^ 

Museum   bulletin   124 
124     23d  Report  of  the   State  Entomologist   1907 


New  York  State  Education  Department 


NEW  YORK  STATE  MUSEUM 

6ist  ANNUAL  REPORT 
1907 

In  3  volumes 
VOLUME  2 

APPENDIXES  2,  3 


TRANSMITTED  TO  THE  LEGISLATURE  JANUARY  30,   1908 


ALBANY 

UNIVERSITY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    NEW    YORK 
1908 


STATE  OF  NEW  YORK 

EDUCATION  DEPARTMENT 

Regents  of  the  University 
With  years  when  terms  expire 

1913  Whitelaw  Reid  M.A.  LL.D.  D.C.L.   Chancellor    -  New  York 
191 7  St  Clair  McKelway  M.A.  LL.D.    Vice  Chancellor  -  Brooklyn 
1919  Daniel  Beach  Ph.D.  LL.D.    ----___  Watkins 

1914  Pliny  T.  Sexton  LL.B.   LL.D.     -     _____  Palmyra 
1 91 2  T.  Guilford  Smith  M.A.  C.K.  LL.D.    _     _    _     _  Buffalo 
19 iS  William  Nottingham  M./V.  Ph.D.  LL.D.    _     _     _  Syracuse 

1910  Charles  A.  Gardiner  Ph.D.  L.H.D.  LL.D.  D.C.L.  New  York 

1915  Albkrt  Vander  Veer  M.D.  M.A.  Ph.D.  LL.D.      -  Albany 

191 1  Edward  Lauterbach  M.A.  LL.D.     _____  New  York 
1909  Eugene  A.  Philbin  LL.B.  LL.D.      -     _     _     -     _  New  York 

1916  LuciAN  L.  Shedden  LL.B.  LL.D.       _____  Plattsburg 

Commissioner  of  Education 

Andrew  S.   Draper  LL.B.  LL.D. 

Assistant  Commissioners 

Augustus  S.  Dow.ving  M.-A..  Pd.D.  LL.D.  First  Assistant 
Frank  Rollins  B.A.  Ph.D.  Second  Assistant 
Thomas  E.  Finegan  M..-\.    Third  Assistant 

Director  of  State  Library 

James  L  Wyer,  Jr,  M.L.S. 

Director  of  Science  and  State  Museum 

John  M.  Clarke  Ph.D.  LL.D. 

Chiefs  of  Divisions 

Administration,   Harlan   IL    Hornir   \\.\. 

.Attendance,  Jamks   D.  Sui.i  ivax 

E<lucational  Extension,  Wimiam  R.  Eastman  ,M..\.  NLL.S. 

Examinations,  ('harms   I".   Wiiki.i.ock   B.S.   LL.D. 

Inspections,   Frank   IL   Wood  M..\. 

Law,  Frank  B.  Gilukrt  B.A. 

School  Libraries,  Charles  E.  Fiix  h   L.H.D. 

Statistics,  Hiram  C.  Cask 

Trades  Schools,  Arthur  D.  Df.an  B.S. 

Visual  Instruction,  DkLancky  M.   Ellis 


State  of  New  York 


No.  3; 


IN  ASSEMBLY 


January  30,  1908 


6ist  ANNUAL  REPORT 

OF  THE 

NEW  YORK  STATE  MUSEUM 


VOLUME   2 


To  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  New  York 

We  have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith,   pursuant  to  law,   as 

the  6ist  Annual   Report  of  the  New   York  State   Museum,   the 

report    of    the    Director,    including-    the    reports    of    the    State 

Geologist  and  State  Paleontologist,  and  the  reports  of  the  State 

Entomologist  and  the  State  Botanist,  with  appendixes. 

St  Clair  McKelway 

Vice  Chancellor  of  the   University 

Andrew  S.   Draper 

Coimnissioner  of  Education 


Appendix  2 

Entomology 

Museum  bulletin  124 
124     23d  Report  of  the   State   Entomologist   1907 


Education   Department   Bulletin 

Published  fortnightly  by  the  University  of  the  State  of  New  York 

Entered  as  second-class  matter  June  24,   1908,  at    the   Post    Office  at  Albany,   N.   Y.,  under 
the  act  of  July  16,  189+ 


No.  433 


ALBANY,  N.  Y. 


OCTOBEI 


1908 


New  York  State  Museum 

John  M.  Clarke,  Director 
Ephraim  Porter  Felt,  State  Entomologist 

Museum  bulletin  124 
23d  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  ENTOMOLOGIST 


INJURIOUS  AND  OTHER  INSECTS 


STATE  OF  NEW  YORK 


1907 


PAGE 

I  ntroduction 5 

Injurious  insects 13 

Green  striped  maple  worm 13 

Antlered  maple  caterpillar 21 

Snow-white  linden  moth 23 

Apple  leaf  folder 28 

Notes  for  the  year 31 

Fruit  insects 31 

Shade  tree  insects 38 

Miscellaneous 41 

Publications  of  the  Entomologist  50 

Contributions  to  collection 56 

Appendix  A:  W.  W.  Hill  collec- 
tion of  Lepidoptera 61 

Appendix   B:     Catalogue  of   the 
"  Phytoptid  "  Galls  of  North 

America.   G.  H.  Chadwick.  .  118 


PAGE 

Appendix  C:  Report  of  the  Ento- 
mologic  Field  Station,  Old 
Forge,  1905.  J.  G.  Needham.   156 

Appendages  of  the  Second  Ab- 
dominal Segment  of  Male 
Dragon  Flies.  O.  S.  Thomp- 
son    249 

New  North  American  Chironom- 
idae.  O.  A.  Johannsen 264 

Appendix   D:      New   Species  of 

Cecidomyiidae  II 286 

Circumfili  of  the  Cecidomyiidae  305 
Studies  in  Cecidomyiidae  II...   307 

Explanation  of  plates 423 

Index SI  I 


Neiv  York  State  Education  Department 

Science  Division,  May  6,  1908 

Hon.  A.  S.  Draper  LL.D. 

Commissioner  of  Education 
Sir  :  I  have  the  honor  to  communicate  herewith  for  pubhcation 
as  a  bulletin  of  the  State  Museum,  the  annual  report  of  the  State 
Entomologist,  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  September  30,  1907. 

Very  respectfully 

John  M.  Clarke 

Director 
State  of  New  York 
Education  Department 
commissioner's  room 
Approved  for  publication  this  yth  day  of  May  1908 


Commissioner  of  Education. 


Education   Department    Bulletin 

Published  fortnightly  by  the  University  of  the  State  of  New  York 

Entered  as  second  class  matter   June  24,  iqo8,   at   the  Post  Office  at  Albany,  N'.  Y.,  under  the 
act  of  July  16,  1894 

No.  433  ALBANY,  N.  Y.  October  15,  1908 

New  York  State  "Museum 

John  M.  Clarke,  Director 
Ei'HRAiM  Porter  Felt,  State  Entomologist 


Museum  bulletin  124 

23d  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  ENTOMOLOGIST  1907 

To  John  M.  Clarke,  Director  of  Science  Divisio)i 

I  have  the  honor  of  presenting  herewith  my  report  on  injurious 
and  other  insects  of  the  State  of  New  York  for  the  year  ending 
October  15,  1907. 

The  climatic  conditions  of  1907  have  departed  widely  from  those 
of  normal  years  and,  as  a  result,  the  development  of  animal  and 
plant  life  was  exceptionally  late.  Warm  weather  came  on  very 
rajjidly  and  all  vegetation  grew  at  such  a  rate  that  insects  appeared 
unable  to  inflict  material  damage  in  many  cases,  conseciucntly, 
there  has  been  a  remarkable  dearth  of  injurious  outbreaks,  par- 
ticularly in  the  early  part  of  the  year,  and  presumably  due  largely 
to  this  cause.  An  exceptional  event  was  the  capture  by  Dr  Theo- 
dore P.  Bailey  of  this  city,  of  two  specimens  of  the  exceedingly 
rare  Leucobrephos  brephoides  Walk.  [pi.  2,  fig.  i], 
the  specimens  being  taken  the  last  of  April  in  St  Lawrence  county 
and  deposited  in  the  State  Museum. 

Fruit  tree  insects.  The  San  Jose  scale  is  one  of  the  most 
serious  insect  enemies  of  the  horticulturist.  The  spread  of  earliei 
years  has  continued,  and  in  places  where  very  little  effort  has  been 
made  to  check  its  ravages,  the  scale  has  become  remarkably  abundant 
and  in  some  instances  at  least,  practically  ruined  the  entire  crop. 
Our  experiments  of  earlier  years  show  very  clearly  that  a  lime- 
sulfur  wash  is  thoroughly  eflfective  in  destroying  the  scale  as  well 


O  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

as  beneficial  in  checking  certain  other  insect  pests  and  fungous 
diseases.  We  have  steadfastly  insisted  that  it  was  wiser  to  use 
some  such  material  than  to  employ  the  more  easily  applied  mineral 
oils  or  preparations  of  the. same,  known  as  miscible  or  "soluble" 
oils,  because  the  latter,  under  certain  conditions  at  least,  may 
seriously  injure  the  trees.  This  has  been  done  in  the  face  of  a 
determined  effort  by  certain  parties  to  boom  oils  and  oil  prepara- 
tions as  the  most  available  remedies  for  San  Jose  scale.  Despite 
the  fact  that  these  last  named  materials  are  valuable  under  certain 
conditions,  it  remains  true  that  we  must  still  rely  in  large  measure 
upon  the  lime-sulfur  wash  for  the  control  of  this  pest.  Our  con- 
servative recommendations,  we  believe,  have  deterred  many  from 
seriously  injuring  valuable  orchards  by  making  injudicious  use  of 
the  more  dangerous  oil  preparations. 

The  operations  of  the  grape  root  worm  in  the  Chautauqua  region 
have  been  observed  during  the  season  and,  in  our  judgment,  there 
is  a  marked  improvement  over  the  conditions  of  earlier  years. 
This  change  is  partly  due  to  the  higher  price  of  grapes  and  the 
consequent  better  care  and  fertilization  given  the  vineyards,  though 
it  is  possible  that  natural  conditions  have  been  of  material  service 
in  reducing  the  numbers  of  this  pest.  It  is  still  true  that  this  enemy 
is  abundant  in  certain  limited  areas,  and  danger  of  serious  injury 
to  vineyards  here  and  there  is  by  no  means  past. 

Shade  tree  protection.  Continued  devastations  by  several  shade 
tree  pests  have  necessitated  the  giving  of  considerable  attention 
to  this  phase  of  economic  entomology.  A  bulletin  on  the  white 
marked  tussock  moth  and  the  elm  leaf  beetle,  our  two  most  in- 
jurious species,  was  issued  in  May  and  a  number  of  warning 
articles  sent  to  the  press  throughout  the  State.  The  general  result 
has  been  exceedingly  beneficial  and  much  interest  has  been  aroused. 
The  agitation  of  earlier  year.s  secured  the  appointment  of  a  forester 
by  the  city  of  Albany.  This  official  was  placed  in  charge  of  the 
trees,  and  the  spraying  with-  poison  resulted  in  marked  benefit, 
despite  the  hindrances  incident  to  work  of  that  character.  The  city 
of  Troy,  through  municipal  agencies,  acconii)lished  considerable 
along  this  line.  It  is  only  a  question  of  a  few  years  before  a 
number  of  other  cities  will  be  compclle  I,  by  the  severity  of  insect 
cprcdations,  to  adopt  some  protective  measures  or  lose  many 
valuable  trees.  The  experience  of  the  last  decade  has  demonstrated 
beyond  all  question  the  possibility  of  protecting  our  trees  from 
injuries  by  such  leaf  feeders  as  the  elm  leaf  beetle  and  the  white 


REPORT   OF    THE   STATE   EXTOMOLOGIST    I907  7 

marked  tussock  moth.  It  is  practical  to  spray  the  trees  so 
thoroughly  that  even  in  localities  where  the  elm  leaf  beetle  and  the 
tussock  moth  caterpillars  are  rather  abundant,  there  will  be  no 
serious  injury  to  the  foliage,  and  those  interested  in  this  work 
should  insist  upon  the  maintenance  of  such  a  standard. 

Gipsy  and  brown  tail  moths.  The  work  of  last  year  in  watch- 
ing for  the  appearance  of  these  insects  within  the  borders  of  New 
York  State  has  been  continued.  Many  caterpillars  of  various 
species,  all  native  we  are  happy  to  state,  have  been  sent  in  by  dif- 
ferent correspondents,  some  fearing  that  they  had  found  one  or 
the  other  of.  these  pests.  These  fears,  we  are  pleased  to  state,  v/ere 
groundless  and,  so  far  as  known  to  us  at  the  present  time,  neither 
of  these  species  has  obtained  a  foothold  within  our  boundaries, 
though  the  gipsy  moth  has  recently  been  discovered  at  Springfield 
and  Greenfield,  Mass. 

Several  days  in  June  were  spent  in  the  infested  territory,  investi- 
gating in  particular  the  recently  undertaken  work  with  parasites. 
Thousands  of  these  beneficial  forms  have  been  brought  into  this 
country,  taken  to  the  laboratory  at  Saugus,  reared  to  maturity,  the 
dangerous  hyperparasites  destroyed  and  the  beneficial  forms  lib- 
erated under  conditions  favorable  to  their  multiplication.  Our  in- 
vestigations showed  that  certain  of  these  European  enemies  had 
survived  the  winter  and  there  is  at  least  a  fair  prospect  of  consid- 
erable benefit  resulting  from  this  systematic  importation  of  natural 
enemies.  The  situation  is  distinctly  more  encouraging  than  was  the 
case  last  year.  A  general  campaign  of  repression  has  been  con- 
ducted most  vigorously  and  the  beneficial  result  therefrom  is  easily 
seen  in  Boston  and  vicinity.  Furthermore,  the  federal  government, 
through  its  Department  of  Agriculture,  is  cooperating  with  the  Mas- 
sachusetts authorities  in  an  effort  to  prevent  the  further  spread  of 
the  gipsy  moth  in  particular.  This  latter  phase  of  the  work  consists 
largely  in  keeping  all  highways  free  from  caterpillars,  so  as  to  make 
it  impossible  for  automobiles  to  carry  these  leaf  feeders  into  unin- 
fested  regions.  The  gipsy  moth  is  being  combated  strenuously  in 
Rhode  Island  and  Connecticut  and  there  is  a  very  strong  probability 
that  the  few  insects  in  the  last  named  state  will  be  speedily  ex- 
terminated. 

Forest  insects.  There  were  two  outbreaks  the  past  season  of 
exceptional  interest.  The  green  striped  maple  worm,  A  n  i  s  o  t  a 
rubicunda  Fabr.  was  very  abundant  on  sugar  maples  in  Berlin 
and  Stephentown,  Rensselaer  co.,  stripping  the  leaves  from  large 


8  XEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

blocks  of  forest  and  proving  injurious  over  hundreds  of  acres.  The 
snow-white  hnden  moth,  Ennomos  subsignarius  Hiibn. 
was  extraordinarily  abundant  on  beech  trees  in  the  Catskills,  de- 
foliating large  areas  in  and  about  the  township  of  Hardenburg. 
Both  of  these  outbreaks  are  unusual,  as  neither  of  these  species  has 
been  injurious  in  New  York  State' for  some  years.  Detailed  ac- 
counts of  these  insects  have  been  prepared  and  are  given  in  subse- 
quent pages. 

Aquatic  insects.  The  studies  of  our  fresh-water  insects  have 
been  continued.  Prof.  James  G.  Xeedham  has  completed  his  report 
on  the  work  done  at  Old  Forge,  N.  Y.  in  1905.  and  the  results 
are  given  in  appendix  C.  This  report  is  particularly  valuable  on 
account  of  the  new  methods  employed  in  ecological  work  of  this 
character  and  because  of  its  additions  to  our  knowledge  of  the 
food  of  fish.  There  are  in  addition  biological  notes  on  a  number 
of  aquatic  forms.  This  report  also  embodies  a  valuable  addition  to 
our  knowledge  of  the  midges  (Chironomidae)  by  Dr  Johannsen. 
Furthermore,  the  large  amouijt  of  new  matter,  relating  to  stone 
flies  (Plecoptera)  and  the  caddis  flies  ( Trichoptera).  acquired  at 
this  time  by  Messrs  Xeedham  and  Pietten,  has  been  withheld  for 
monographic  accounts  of  these  groups.  Professor  Needham's 
studies  of  the  stone  flies  are  nearly  completed  and  they  will  prove 
an  extremely  valuable  addition  to  our  knowledge  of  this  group. 
Dr  Betten,  who  has  been  investigating  the  caddis  flies  for  the  past 
six  years,  has  nearly  completed  his  report  upon  these  forms.  The 
investigations  of  these  two  gentlemen,  when  publishctl,  will  con- 
stitute in  connection  with  bnllctins  previously  issued  by  this  office, 
an  tmrivaled  contribution  to  our  knowledge  of  the  aquatic  insects 
of  the  State,  a  group  which  is  of  great  economic  importance  owing 
to  its  value  as  fish  foofl. 

Gall  midges.  This  group  comprises  among  its  nuMubers,  sev- 
eral insects  of  prime  economic  imjjortance,  such  as  the  Hessian 
fly.  the  wheat  midge,  pear  midge  and  some  other  destructive  forms. 
Furthermore,  there  is  every  jjrobability  that  some  other  of  our 
native  species  may  become  destructive  in  the  near  future.  Our  in- 
vcstigati(»ns  have  alrearly  disclosed  hitherto  unsuspected  injuries  by 
members  (>(  this  group.  W'e  have  succeeded  in  identifying  several 
Kuroj)can  forms  not  previously  known  to  occur  in  this  country. 
During  the  scas<^in  we  succeeded  in  rearing  probal>l\'  well  over  100 
species,  a  considerable  number  of  them  proving  to  have  been  un- 
dcscribed.      Appendix    D    contains    descriptions   of    over    50    new 


REPORT   OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  9 

species,  most  of  which  were  reared  in  1907,  together  with  a  number 
of  preliminary  keys.  The  State  collections  in  this  group  represent 
probably  over  600  species.  We  have  already  described  over  250 
new  forms,  and  it  would  not  be  surprising  if,  after  working  over 
the  material,  there  were  nearly  as  many  more  to  characterize  in 
addition  to  those  previously  described  by  other  workers.  Tlie 
classification  of  our  American  species  has  been  in  a  chaotic  state, 
making  it  practically  impossible  to  identify  many  of  our  forms. 
Our  work,  now  well  in  hand,  will  establish,  when  issued,  a  much 
needed  classification  of  this  important  group.  It  will  be  an  ex- 
tensive contribution,  presumably  of  about  800  pages. 

The  rearing  of  these  insects  requires  a  great  deal  of  time  and 
attention,  and  the  marked  success  along  this  line  last  season  was 
due  very  largely  to  the  devotion  of  Assistant  Entomologist  D.-  B. 
Young.  The  collecting  of  the  insects  and  the  galls  in  the  field  also 
requires  considerable  time,  and  much  of  this  work  has  been  attended 
to  by  assistant  I.  L.  Nixon.  Mr  J-  R-  Gillett,  a  medical  student, 
was  engaged  throughout  the  summer  in  making  microscopic  mounts 
of  these  insects,  some  2000  most  excellent  slides  being  prepared. 

Gall  mites.  Several  of  these  extremely  minute  forms  are  now 
recognized  as  injurious  to  the  fruit  interests  and  it  is  probable  that 
further  investigations  will  bring  to  light  hitherto  unsuspected  in- 
juries by  the  members  of  this  group.  It  is  extremely  gratifying  to 
include  as  appendix  B  a  catalogue  of  the  "  Phytoptid  "  galls  of 
North  America  by  George  H.  Chadwick,  Zoologist. 

Publications,  Numerous  economic  articles  have  been  con- 
tributed by  the  Entomologist  to  the  agricultural  and  local  press. 
The  large  number  of  new  species  of  Cecidomyiidae  taken  in  1907 
made  it  advisable  to  issue  preliminary  descriptions  of  some  at  least, 
and  a  reprint  from  the  report  entitled :  Nezv  Species  of  Cecido- 
myiidae, published  January  30th,  characterizes  179  new  species. 
The  second  volume  of  Insects  Affecting  Park  and  Woodland  Trees 
[N,  Y.  State  Mus.  Mem.  8]  appeared  February  25  and  has  repeat- 
edly proved  its  value  during  the  past  season.  The  demand  for 
information  respecting  shade  tree  pests  led  to  the  issuing  of  a 
special  bulletin  on  the  JVhite  Marked  Tussock  Moth  and  Elm  Leaf 
Beetle  [N.  Y.  State  Mus.  Bui.  109],  which  appeared  May  10,  while 
the  report  of  the  Entomologist,  owing  to  delays,  was  not  issued  till 
July  16. 

Collections.  The  special  collecting  and  rearing  of  Cecido- 
myiidae by  members  of  the  office  staff  has  resulted  in  enormous 


10  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

additions  to  this  group,  they  being  particularly  valuable  because 
many  of  the  forms  are  represented  by  both  sexes,  and  in  not  a 
few  instances  by  the  larvae  and  the  gall  from  which  the  insects  are 
reared.  Other  additions  to  the  State  collections  have  been  large, 
there  being  a  total  of  over  10,000  pinned  specimens.  A  number  of 
very  desirable  species  have  been  obtained  through  exchange. 

A  representative  collection  of  New  York  State  insects  is  almost 
necessary  for  satisfactory  work  along  economic  lines.  The  as- 
sembling of  a  large  lot  of  insects  involves  far  more  labor  than  the 
average  man  suspects.  The  additions  to  the  State  collection  during 
the  past  three  or  four  years  have  ranged  from  10,000  to  15,000 
pinned  specimens,  all  of  which  have  to  be  properly  labeled,  assigned 
to  their  various  groups  and  eventually  determined.  There  has  been, 
since  the  present  Entomologist  took  charge  of  this  office,  an  approx- 
imately sixfold  increase  in  the  size  of  the  State  collection.  The 
Federal  Bureau  of  Entomolog}',  through  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion, has  about  six  trained  experts  in  charge  of  as  many  groups 
of  insects,  and  they  in  turn  have  at  their  command  a  number  of 
assistants.  These  men  classify  and  arrange  specimens,  thus  cov- 
ering (though  in  much  greater  detail)  a  field  which  we  must  care 
for  with  but  two  assistants,  not  to  mention  the  other  lines  of  work. 
A  large  proportion  of  the  curatorial  work  in  connection  with  arrang- 
ing the  collections  devolves  upon  the  assistants,  and  it  is  a  pleasure 
to  state  that  material  progress  has  been  made  along  this  line. 
Assistant  Entomologist  D.  B.  Young  has,  during  the  past  year, 
given  considerable  time  to  classifying  the  parasitic  wasps,  Ichncu- 
monidae,  and  a  portion  of  the  Braconidae  and  also  Hymenoptera 
belonging  to  the  following  groups :  Pompilidae,  Larridae,  Bembec- 
idae,  Nyssonidae,  Philanthidae,  Pemphredoniflae  and  Crabronidac. 
He  has  also  done  more  or  less  incidental  work  with  the  Diptcra. 
Assistant  I.  L.  Nixon  determined  and  arranged  a  number  of  the 
solitary  bees,  Andrenirlae,  assisted  in  arranging  the  Ichneumonidae 
and  determined  and  arranged  many  of  the  Curculionidac.  In  addi- 
tion he  went  over  the  Hill  collection,  noticed  below,  repairing  and 
arranging  many  of  the  specimens  and  is  responsible  for  a  portion 
of  the  catalogue  of  this  collection. 

The  Hill  collection,  an  exceptionally  valuable  a.Milinii  to  the 
State  collections,  was  received  through  the  generosity  of  Erastus 
D.  Hill,  Carrie  J.  Hill  Van  Vleck  and  William  W.  Hill,  heirs 
of  the  late  William  W.  Hill,  who  desired  that  the  father's 
work     .should    be    maintained    as    a    permanent    memorial    of   his 


REPORT   OF   THE   STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  II 

labors  in  entomology.  This  collection,  consisting  of  some  10,000 
specimens  and  representing  over  3000  species,  is  in  excellent  con- 
dition. It  contains  a  large  number  of  native  forms  as  well  as 
representatives  from  Europe,  Asia  and  Africa.  The  Nymphalidae, 
Lycaenidae,  Hesperidae,  Sphingidae  and  Noctuidae  are  particularly 
well  represented,  as  may  be  seen  by  reference  to  the  catalogue  pub- 
lished as  appendix  A.  The  preparation  of  this  catalogue  has 
devolved  upon  the  assistants  in  the  office,  first  assistant  D.  B. 
Young  being  largely  responsible  for  its  arrangement. 

Office  work.  The  general  work  of  the  office  has  progressed 
without  any  serious  interruption,  the  Assistant  Entomologist  being 
responsible  for  the  correspondence  during  the  absence  of  the  Ento- 
mologist. There  has  been  a  well  sustained  popular  interest  in  the 
search  for  the  occurrence  of  either  the  gipsy  or  the  brown  tail 
moth  in  the  State,  and  as  a  result  a  considerable  number  of  insects 
have  been  sent  in  for  determination.  There  has  been,  owing  to  con- 
ditions unfavorable  to  insect  injury,  in  the  early  part  of  the  year, 
some  falling  off  in  the  correspondence  as  shown  by  the  following 
figures:  1447  letters,  598  postals,  and  915  packages  were  sent 
through  the  mails  and  126  packages  were  shipped  by  express. 

Nursery  certificates.  The  state  of  Virginia  still  insists  that 
all  certificates  accompanying  shipments  of  nursery  stock  in  this 
State  shall  be  indorsed  by  an  official  entomologist,  and  upon  request 
of  the  State  Commissioner  of  Agriculture,  we  have  continued  as 
in  past  years  to  indorse  certificates  issued  by  his  office.  The  fol- 
lowing is  a  list  of  firms  to  whom  these  nursery  certificates  were 
issued  during  1907:  S.  B.  Huested,  Blauvelt;  Dansville  Nursery 
Co.,  The  Rogers  Nurseries,  Stark  Bros.,  Morey  &  Son,  Bryant 
Bros.,  Geo.  A.  Sweet,  G.  W.  Whitney  &  Co.,  all  of  Dansville ; 
Wheelock  &  Clarke,  George  S.  Joselyn,  T.  S.  Hubbard,  all  of 
Fredonia;  Reliance  Nursery  Co.,  R.  G.  Chase  &  Co.,  The  M.  H. 
Harman  Co.,  Sears,  Henry  &  Co.,  all  of  Geneva;  Jackson  &  Per- 
kins Co.,  Newark;  The  Fairview  Nurseries,  Brown  Bros.  Co., 
Olver  Bros.,  Western  New  York  Nursery  Co.,  Chase  Bros.  &  Co., 
Ellwanger  &  Barry,  H.  S.  Taylor  &  Co.,  Greens  Nursery  Co.,  all 
of  Rochester;  Lake  View  Nursery  Co.,  Sheridan. 

Voluntary  observers.  Certain  of  these  correspondents  of  the 
office  have  submitted  reports  at  various  times  during  the  growing 
season,  though  owing  to  the  scarcity  of  destructive  insects  there 
has  been  a  marked  decrease  in  these  records. 


12  XEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

General.  The  office  is  indebted  to  Dr  L.  O.  Howard,  Chief 
of  the  Bureau  of  Entomology,  United  States  Department  of  Agri- 
culture and  to  members  of  his  staflf.  for  kindly  determining  various 
insects  submitted  to  them  throughout  the  year. 

We  desire  to  state  in  conclusion,  that  there  has  been  a  hearty 
cooperation  on  the  part  of  those  in  touch  with  the  office  and  a  con- 
tinued demand  for  our  publications.  The  reports  and  bulletins 
issued  by  this  office  contain  a  mass  of  information  which  will 
be  of  service  not  only  to  entomologists  but  to  those  interested  in 
the  suppression  of  insect  pests. 

Respectfully  submitted 

Ephr.mm  Porter  Felt 

State  Entomologist 

Office  of  the  State  Entomologist,  Albany,  October  15,  1907 


REPORT    OF    THE   STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    IQOJ  I3 

LN'JURIOUS  IXSECTS 

Green  striped  maple  worm 

Anisota  nibicunda  Fabr. 

This  species  was  responsible,  in  a  large  measure,  for  the  extensive 
injuries  inflicted  upon  the  hard  maples  in  and  about  Berlin, 
Rensselaer  co.,  X.  Y.  during  late  summer.  The  caterpillars  were 
so  abundant  over  considerable  areas  as  to  literally  defoliate  acres 
of  trees  besides  inflicting  much  injury  upon  many  others  over  an 
extended  tract.  ' 

This  outbreak  commence  I  in  1906  and  at  that  time  was  supposed 
to  be  the  work  of  the  forest  tent  caterpillar,  Malacosoma 
d  i  s  s  t  r  i  a  Hiibn.,  as  no  specimens  were  submitted  by  which  its 
identity  could  be  estabhshed.  The  initial  outbreak  occurred  in  a 
sugar  bush  a  short  distance  north  of  Center  Berlin,  and  in  1906  a 
number  of  acres  were  defoliated  in  this  section.  The  injury  in 
1907  was  first  reported  to  this  office  August  12,  at  which  time  some 
sugar  orchards  had  been  stripped  of  their  leaves  and  others  were 
badly  infested  by  the  caterpillars.  A  personal  investigation  of  the 
conditions  September  14  showed  that  this  insect  had  been  abundant 
over  an  area  ranging  from  the  vicinity  of  Stephentowm  through 
North  Stephentown,  South  Berlin  and  north  of  Berlin  Center,  the 
greatest  injury  being  inflicted  in  the  vicinity  of  the  last  named  vil- 
lage. The  first  signs  of  the  infestation  were  obser\'ed  a  little  to  the 
north  of  Stephentown,  on  small  roadside  sugar  maples,  some  of 
which  had  lost  most  of  the  foliage  on  the  upper  branches,  while  the 
smallest  trees  were  nearly  denuded  of  leaves.  This  attack,  for  some 
inexplicable  reason,  appeared  to  be  confined  almost  entirely  to  the 
smaller  trees,  as  not  a  few  large  sugar  maples  along  the  roadside 
were  exempt  from  injury.  The  hills  to  the  east  of  the  road  from 
Stephentown  north,  showed  evidence  here  and  there  of  extended 
feeding,  while  at  North  Stephentown  large  tracts  were  nearly 
defoliated.  Just  north  of  Center  Berlin  one  sugar  bush  of  some 
six  or  more  acres  had  been  entirely  stripped  and  at  the  time  of  our 
visit  the  trees  were  throwing  out  new  leaves  [pi.  i,  fig.  2].  It  is 
worthy  of  note  that  this  species  has  been  recorded  by  Miss  Patch 
as  defoliating  maples  in  certain  localities  in  Maine  during  1907. 
Previous  outbreaks  by  this  insect  have  been  limited  to  but  one  or 


14  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

two  years.  Our  investigations  referred  to  above  showed  that  in 
some  sections  of  the  infested  area  at  least,  healthy  pupae  were 
quite  abundant  and  it  would  not  be  surprising  were  the  depredations 
of  last  year  to  be  repeated  over  a  more  extended  area  in  1908. 

Early  history.  This  species  rarely  inflicts  extensive  injuries 
in  New  York  State.  Dr  Lintner,  writing  of  this  form  in  1902, 
states  that  the  caterpillar  very  seldom  appears  in  harmful  numbers 
in  New  York  or  the  Eastern  States.  He  adds  that  it  was  reported 
that  year  from  Monticello,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  Y.  on  the  grounds  of 
Mr  John  D.  Lyon,  where  a  number  of  soft  maple  trees  had  been 
completely  defoliated  during  the  summer.  This  injury,  however, 
was  insignificant  compared  with  the  outbreak  observed  in  this  State 
during  1906  and  the  present  season.  This  species  has  long  been 
known  as  an  enemy  of  soft  maples,  particularly  in  the  Central  and 
Western  States.  Messrs  Walsh  and  Riley,  writing  in  1869,  state 
that  they  have  known  of  maples  being  badly  stripped  by  this  cater- 
pillar, while  Townend  Glover,  the  following  year,  states  that  it 
causes  considerable  injury  to  silver  maples  at  Washington,  D.  C. 
Riley,  in  1872,  records  this  species  as  a  serious  enemy  of  soft  and 
silver  maples,  publishing  at  that  time  a  brief  statement  of  its 
injuries  in  Kansas.  Furthermore,  he  states  that  many  of  the  soft 
maples  of  Lincoln,  Neb.  were  stripped  by  this  pest  in  August  1888. 
Messrs  Riley  and  Howard  record  depredations  by  this  species  in 
Mississippi  during  the  year  1890.  Prof.  Herbert  Osborn,  writing 
in  1S97,  states  that  it  sometimes  strips  maples  in  Iowa.  Dr  J.  B.* 
Smith,  in  his  List  of  Insects  of  New  Jersey,  ranks  this  form  as 
sometimes  injurious  to  soft  maples  and  more  rarely,  oak. 

Description.  The  adult  insect  is  a  rather  heavy  bodied  moth 
with  a  wing  spread  of  about  i^  inches.  It  is  easily  recognized  by 
the  pale  rose  colored  fore  wings  crossed  by  a  broad,  oblique,  pale 
yellow  banrj  and  the  pale  yellowish  hind  wings.  The  body  is  also 
yellowish.  The  males  may  be  recognized  by  the  more  pectinate 
antennae.  A  nearly  white  variety  df  this  speciis  lias  been  described 
by  the  late  Professor  Grote. 

Puf^a.  It  is  about  }i  inch  long,  shining  dark  brown  and  lai)cring 
U)  a  rather  sharply  pointed  po.sterior  extremity. 

Lari'a.  The  full  grown  caterpillar  or  larva  is  about  an  inch  and 
a  half  long.  It  has  a  yellowish  head,  is  pale  yellowish  green  and 
is  alternately  striped  longitudinally  with  eight  very  light  yellow- 
ish green  lines  and  seven  darker  green  ones,  the  latter  inclining 
to  black  and  the  median  one  usually  darkest.     Laterally,  on  the 


RF.PORT   OF   THE    STATE    F.NTOMOI.OGIST    I907  I5 

7th  and  8th  abdominal  segments,  there  is  frequently  a  large 
reddish  area.  Furthermore,  this  caterpillar  has  on  the  2d  tho- 
racic segment,  just  behind  the  head,  a  pair  of  long,  black  spines, 
and  on  the  posterior  extremity  shorter,  stout  spines  on  the  loth 
and  nth  segments.  These  spines  are  represented  on  the  inter- 
vening segments  by  minute,  black  points  arising  from  similar 
tubercles.  There  are  also  two  lateral  rows  of  short  spines 
similar  to  the  smaller  ones  in  the  submedian  dorsal  lines ;  the 
ventral  spines  being  decidedly  larger.  Spiracles  rather  large, 
black. 

The    eggs,    according    to    Professor    Riley,    are    deposited    in 


> 


Fig.  I   Green  striped  maple  worm,  larva  feeding,  pupa,  natural  size.      (Original) 

batches  of  30  and  upward  on  the  under  side  of  a  leaf.  The  indi- 
vidual egg  is  1/20  of  an  inch  long,  nearly  oval,  somewhat  flat- 
tened and  a  translucent  pale  greenish,  becoming  yellowish  with 
age  and  eventually  showing  the  black  head  of  the  larva  just 
before  hatching. 

Food  plants.  This  species  feeds  by  preference  on  maples  and 
in  the  Western  States  at  least,  exhibits  a  marked  partiality  for 
the  soft  maple,  though  our  recent  experience  in  New  York  shows 
it  can  thrive  on  the  hard  or  sugar  maple.  Dr  Lintner  states 
that  this  species  will  feed  on  oak  in  captivity,  while  Dr  Smith 
states  that  it  rarely  feeds  on  oak  in  nature.  The  attack  at 
Berlin  was  confined  almost  entirely  to  sugar  maples,  though  a 


l6  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

few  beech  trees  adjacent  to  the  defoliated  trees,  lost  most  of  the 
leaves  on  the  upper  branches. 

Life  history.  The  insect  passes  the  winter  as  the  dark  brown 
jnipa  described  above.  The  pupae  are  readily  found  in  the 
vicinity  of  infested  trees,  within  an  inch  or  so  of  the  surface 
of  the  soil.  Sometimes  they  are  so  abundant  that  lo  or  15  may 
be  taken  in  a  square  foot,  though  this  segregation  is  probably 
due  to  the  condition  of  the  ground  at  the  time  the  worms  are 
seeking  shelters  for  hibernation. 

There  appear  to  be  two  broods  of  this  insect  in  Pennsylvania 
and  that  latitude.  ]\Ielsheimer,  writing  to  Harris  from  Dover, 
southern  Pennsylvania  in  1842,  states  that  there  are  two  broods 
of  larvae  in  that  section,  as  he  had  taken  caterpillars  toward  the 
end  of  July  and  again  many  hundreds  about  the  last  of  Septem- 
ber. There  appears  to  be  l)ul  one  generation  in  the  North,  the 
moths  having  been  recorded  by  Professor  Packard  as  appear- 
ing about  the  middle  of  June.  The  eggs,  according  to  Dr  Riley, 
are  deposited  in  batches  of  30  or  more  on  the  under  side  of  the 
leaves,  a  single  moth  laying  as  many  as  142.  'Jlie  young  larvae 
hatch  therefrom  in  8  or  9  days  and  about  a  month  later  the 
caterpillars  attain  full  growth,  desert  the  trees  and  enter  the  soil 
to  undergo  their  final  transformations;  the  worms  pupaliiig  in 
midsummer  in  sections  where  there  are  two  generations,  remain 
in  this  stage  about  14  to  16  days. 

Natural  enemies.  This  s])ecies  is  subject  to  attack  by  several 
parasitic  insects.  Dr  Riley  records  l""  r  o  n  t  i  n  a  f  r  e  n  c  h  i  i 
AN'ill.,  P)  e  1  V  o  s  i  a  bifasciata  l\-d)r.  and  l.imneria 
f  u  g  i  t  i  V  a  Say  as  parasites  of  this  form.  1  le  also  alludes  to  a 
record  of  an  c^g  parasite,  probably  either  a  Telenomus  or  a 
Trichogramma  having  been  obtained  by  Mr  ^^'illiam  Saunders. 

It  is  very  ])robable  that  a  number  of  our  native  birds  are  very 
efficient  destroyers  of  this  leaf  feeder.  Mr  Edward  W'illbrant 
of  Center  lU-rlin.  Rensselaer  co..  X.  ^'.,  had  se\  eral  acrts  entirely 
defoliated  by  this  pest,  and  one  of  his  sons  infornu-d  the  writer 
that  crows  had  been  (piite  abundant  in  tlu-  infested  woodland 
after  the  cater])illars  became  nnnierous.  it  is  \ery  i)robable 
that  these  birds  are  of  considerable  service  in  destroying  the 
caterpillars,  particularly  after  the  latter  have  alt;iineil  some  size. 

Remedial  measures.  Thi.s  leaf  feeder  is  easil\  controlled  on 
more  valued  shade  trees,  by  thorough  spraying  with  an  arsenical 
poison,  such  for  exam|)le,  as  arsenate  of  lead.     Obviously  these 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    KNTOMOI.OCIST    I907  IJ 

measures  are  inapplicable  to  an  extended  forest  area  because 
of  the  enormous  expense  involved.  The  exceptional  nature  of 
the  outbreak  justifies  the  expectation  that  it  will  not  continue 
more  than  two  or  three  years,  and  such  seems  to  have  been  the 
history  in  earlier  attacks.  Practically  the  only  thing  that  can  be 
done  is  to  take  advantage  of  the  situation  to  emphasize  the 
importance  of  protecting  our  native  birds,  and  if  possible  to 
create  a  sentiment  which  will  result  in  a  substantial  change  in 
the  present  popular  attitude  toward  these  feathered  allies. 

The  depredations  of  leaf  feeding  insects  are  becoming  more 
severe  with  advancing  years,  one  of  the  most  striking  instances 
being  the  widespread  injuries  inflicted  by  certain  species  upon 
shade  trees  in  our  larger  cities.  The  English  sparrow,  for  ex- 
ample, has  driven  most  of  our  native  birds  from  the  confines  of 
our  larger  cities  and,  as  a  consequence,  we  have  periodic  out- 
breaks by  the  white  marked  tussock  moth,  Hemerocampa 
leucostigma  Abb.  &  Sm.,  a  species  which  has  in  recent 
years  defoliated  thousands  of  trees  in  New  York  cities  and  vil- 
lages. This  insect,  prior  to  the  advent  of  the  English  sparrow, 
was  regarded  as  an  innocuous  or  harmless  form,  and  such  is  its 
normal  status  in  the  country  where  native  birds,  particularly 
those  which  feed  upon  hairy  caterpillars,  are  relatively  abundant. 
The  recent  extended  outbreak  of  the  forest  tent  caterpillar, 
IMalacosoma  disstria  Hiibn.  is  another  illustration,  and 
the  injuries  inflicted  by  this  species  are  probably  chargeable,  in 
a  large  measure,  to  the  great  destruction  of  bird  life  in  recent 
years.  Dr  William  T.  Hornaday  of  the  New  York  Zoological 
Society,  recently  estimated  that  there  has  been  a  decrease  of 
about  48^  in  the  number  of  our  birds  during  the  past  15  years. 
These  figures,  taken  in  connection  with  the  enormous  nilmber 
of  insects  devoured  by  birds,  are  very  significant. 

Protection  and  encouragement  of  birds.  The  most  important 
step  in  bird  protection,  according  to  E.  H.  Forbush,  Ornitholo- 
gist of  the  Massachusetts  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  is  to 
protect  birds  about  the  home  and  endeavor  to  increase  their 
numbers.  Isir  Forbush  states  that  while  it  may  be  difficult  for 
the  individual  to  secure  a  permanent  increase  of  migratory  in- 
sectivorous birds  on  his  farm,  he  can  augment  the  number  and 
size  of  the  broods  reared  on  his  place,  and  thus  increase  the 
summer  bird  population.  It  is  also  possible  to  double  the  usual 
number  of  winter  visitants.     He   cites   the   interesting  case   of 


l8  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Prof.  C.  F.  Hodge  of  Worcester,  Mass.,  who  has  in  three  years 
been  able  to  show  an  increase  of  300;^  in  the  native  bird  popula- 
tion of  a  city  block. 

The  initial  step  in  this  work  is  to  provide  conditions  adapted 
to  the  wants  of  birds.  Mr  Forbush  states,^  "  that  such  a  place 
should  be  so  situated  as  to  provide  shelter  from  cold  northerly 
winds  and  storms.  It  must  be  well  watered,  and  should  be  pro- 
vided with  small  patches  of  coniferous  trees,  and  wind  breaks 
of  trees,  shrubs  and  vines.  Large  groves  of  pines  or  other 
conifers  are  not  particularly  desirable  as  they  provide  nesting 
places  for  crows,  jays,  hawks  and  other  enemies  of  small  birds. 
It  should  have  a  great  diversity  of  vegetation,  including  a  variety 
of  fruit-bearing  plants.  A  portion  of  the  land  should  be  wooded. 
If  there  are  too  many  trees,  they  may  be  cut  in  much  less  time 
than  it  takes  to  grow  them ;  and  those  trees,  shrubs  and  vines 
that  are  especially  attractive  to  birds  may  be  left.  It  is  well  to 
leave  some  dead  trees  or  dead  limbs  in  which  the  woodpeckers 
can  breed,  for,  unless  these  birds  can  be  induced  to  nest  about 
the  farm,  the  trees  will  suffer  from  many  insidious  insect  foes." 

Mr  Forbush  mentions  white  oaks,  white  or  gray  birch,  the 
common  gray  alder,  elms,  pines,  larches  and  hemlocks  as  being 
most  attractive  to  various  birds.  He  also  gives  in  the  above 
cited  volume  a  rather  long  list  of  fruit-bearing  trees,  shrubs  and 
vines  furnishing  food  for  birds. 

-Attracting  and  feeding  the  native  winter  birds  is  another  line 
of  effort  productive  of  much  pleasure  and  at  the  same  time  of 
considerable  practical  importance.  It  has  been  stated,  for  ex- 
ample, that  a  pear  orchard  in  New  York  State,  badly  infested 
by  psylla,  was  practically  cleared  of  the  pest  by  nuthatches 
*•  hich  worked  in  the  orchard  all  winter.  Many  valual)le  insect- 
ivorous birds  will  remain  about  the  farm  if  only  slight  provision 
is  made  for  their  comfort.  Mr  Forbush  states  that  sparrows 
prefer  sonic  shelter  such  as  thickets  and  tangles  of  deciduous 
bushes  and  trees  and  will  even  take  refuge  in  brush  jmIcs.  A 
little  chaff  scattered  about  the  door,  after  a  snow  fall,  is  very 
attractive  to  these  birds.  Wc  states  that  certain  winter  birds 
readily  take  shelter  in  sheds  or  even  in  poullrv  scratching  sheds 
protected  by  ordinary  2  inch  wire  mesh.  The  birds  are  safe  in 
these  latter  retreats  from  both  cats  and  hawks.  Mr  Forbush 
recommends  as  winter  food   for  birds,  chaff  from  barn  floors, 

',,,-,-      |-,,,l.,icl,     ]■■     II       I'c-.fnl    I'.irds  :uv]   Hioir   Pmtoctinn,  p.  373. 


REPORT    OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  IQ 

millet  seed,  sunflower  seeds,  either  in  the  head  or  detached, 
and  advises  hanging  up  in  the  orchard  pieces  of  carrion,  suet 
or  other  animal  food  for  the  benefit  of  jays  and  crows.  These 
latter  birds  resort  to  such  supplies  when  unable  to  obtain  food 
in  nature  and  there  is  much  less  danger  of  their  molesting  the 
smaller  birds  or  devouring  the  winter  berries  upon  which  the 
smaller  forms  depend  so  largely  for  sustenance. 

Provision  should  also  be  made  for  summer  birds  if  we  would 
have  these  delightful  and  beneficial  companions  upon  our-  prem- 
ises. Mr  Forbush,  in  order  to  accomplish  this  end,  recommends 
the  feeding  of  the  early  appearing  birds  in  April  with  a  little 
cracked  corn,  oats,  wheat,  barley  or  millet  seed  and  providing 
them  with  suitable  bathing  places.  The  latter  should  be  where 
there  is  little  danger  from  attacks  by  cats  or  owls.  The  water 
should  range  in  depth  from  j/.  inch  to  2  inches  and  must  be 
fresh.  Nesting  places  for  swallows  can  easily  be  provided  by 
making  an  entrance  at  least  a  foot  wide  in  the  gable  ends  of 
barns  not  otherwise  provided  with  openings.  There  should 
be  some  provision  inside  for  nesting  places  similar  to  the  rafters 
in  the  old-fashioned  structures.  Chimney  swifts  can  be  induced 
to  remain  in  the  neighborhood  by  attaching  to  the  barn  a  box  of 
l>oards  about  the  size  and  shape  of  the  old-fashioned  chimneys. 
Mr  Forbush  states  that  it  is  not  necessary  that  this  structure  be 
upon  the  top  of  the  building,  though  it  should  be  out  of  the 
reach  of  cats.  Appropriate  nesting  places  should  be  provided 
or  made  accessible  for  the  other  small  birds. 

The  above  measures,  though  perhaps  trivial  in  themselves 
if  only  one  or  more  are  adopted,  are  capable  of  exercising  con- 
siderable influence  upon  our  bird  population,  and  if  generally 
adopted  throughout  a  given  section  of  the  country,  should  be 
productive  of  great  practical  benefit,  since  the  increased  num- 
ber of  birds  would  be  a  most  important  check  upon  destructive 
insects. 

Bibliography 

1793     Fabricius,  J.  H.     Syst.  Ent.  3:429.     (Original  description) 

T842  Melsheimer,  F.  E.  Harris'  Ent.  Correspondence,  p.  116-17. 
(.Observations  on  life  history,  as  Dryocampa) 

1862  Harris,  T.  W.  Ins.  Inj.  Veg.  Ed.  3,  p.  408.  (Adult  described, 
as  Dryocampa) 

1864  Lintner,  J.  A.  Ent.  Soc.  Phila.  Proc.  3:426-27.  (Larva  de- 
scribed, as  Dryocampa) 


20  XKW    YORK    STATE    MUSF.UM 

1867     Walsh,  B.  D.     Prac.   I'.nt.     2:72.     (^lentioncd,  as  Dryocampa) 

1869    &    Riley,    C.   V.     Am.     Ent.   2:61.     (Mentioned,  as 

Dryocampa) 

1869  Packard,  A.  S.     Guide  to  Study  of  Ins.    p.  300.     (^Mentioned) 
1S70     Glover,  Townsend.     U.  S.  Dep't  Agric.  Rcp't  p.  83.     (Mentioned, 

as  Drj-ocampa) 

1870  Saunders,    V/illiam.      Can.    Ent.    2:75-76.      (Larva    described,    as 
Dryocampa) 

1873     Riley,  C.  V.     .\m.  Xat.  7:518.     (Mentioned) 

1873    Xox.  &  Ben.  Ins.  ]\Io.  5th  Rcp't,  p.  137-40.     (Brief 

account',  as  Dryocampa) 

1874  Grote,  A.  R.     Buf.   Soc.  Nat.   Sci.  Bui.  2,  p.   153.     (Variety  alba, 
described) 

1874     Lintner,  J.  A.     Ent.  Contrib.  No.  3,  p.  133.     (Earva  described,  as 
Dryocampa) 

1877  Andrews,  W.  V.    Can.  Ent.  9:179-80.     (Larva  described,  as  Dryo- 
ci.mpa) 

1878  Thomas,  C.     Nox.   &   Ben.   Ins.   111.     7th   Rcp't,  p.   196,  279,  281. 
(Mentioned,  as  Drj'Ocampa) 

1880  Martin,  J.     Nox   &   Ben.    Ins.    111.      loth    Rcp't,   p.    121.      (Larva 
described,  as  Dryocampa) 

1881  Packard,  A.  S.     U.  S.  Ent.  Com.  Bui.  7,  p.  109-10.     (General  ac- 
count) 

1887     Grote,  A.  R.     Can.  Ent.  19:52.     (Larva  described,  as  Dryocampa) 

1887  Lintner,  J.  A.     X.  Y.  State  l-^nt.  3<1  Rcp't,  p.  91.     (Mentioned,  as 
Dryocampa) 

1888  Riley,  C.  V.     U.  S,  Dep't  Agric.  Rcp't.  p.  140.     (Brief  account) 

1889  Lintner,  J.  A.     N.  Y.  State  E.nt.  5th  Rcp't,  p.  197,  198,  200.     (Men- 
tioned, as  Dryocampa) 

1890  Riley,  C.  V.     U.  S.  Dep't  Agric.  Rcp't,  p.  253-55.     (Summary  ac- 
count) 

1890  Packard,  A.   S.     U.    S.    Ent.    Com.   51)1   Rcp't,   p.   392-94.      (Sum- 
mary account,  as  Dryocampa) 

1891  Riley,  C.  V.  &  Howard,  L.  O.     Ins.   Life,  3:157  338.     (Parasites 
and  note) 

1893  Lintner,  J.  A.     X.  \.  State  I'.nt.  gih  Rcp't,  ]>    jq-,,  422.  455.     (Men- 
tioned, as   Dryocampa) 

1894  Neumogen,   B.    &    Dyar,    H.    G.      N.    Y.    Ijit.    Soc    Jour.    2:148. 
(Listed) 

1895  Lintner,  J.  A.     X.  Y.  Slate  I'.nt.  lotli  Rei)'t,  p.  507.     (Mentioned, 
j.s  Dryocampa) 

189s     Comstock,  J.  H.     Man.  for  Study  of  Ins.  p.  349.     (I'irief  notice, 
;•..■■   Dryoranii)a) 

I8«V7     Osborn.  Herbert.    la.  St.ite  Hort.  Soc.  Tr.ans.  iS<)r).  p.  92.    (Injuries) 
jQoo     Smith,  J.  B.     Ins.   N.  J.  p.  392.     (As  Dryocampa) 

1902  Dyar,  H.  G."    List  X.  .'\m.  Lep.  p.  75.     (Synononiy) 

1903  Holland,  W.  J.     Moih   Bof)k,  p.  95.     (Brief  notice) 

iQo.i     Hopkins.    A.    D.      L.    S.    Dep't    Agric.    Div.    Ent.    I'ul,    48,    p.    29. 
(Listed) 


REPORT    OF    THK    STATK    RXTOMOI.OGIST    I907  21 

1906  Felt,  E.  P.  N.  Y.  State  Mus.  Mem.  8,  2:537-38.  (Summary 
account) 

1007  Patch,  E.  M.  Me.  Agric.  Exp.  Sta.  Bui.  148,  p.  263.  (Defoliating 
maples,  as   Dryocampa) 

Antlered  maple  caterpillar 

Hctcrocaiiipa  guttivitta  Walk. 

The  curious  larva  of  this  species  is  a  somewhat  general  feeder 
and  has  attracted  more  or  less  notice  because  of  its  variable 
coloring  and  somewhat  remarkable  structure.  It  does  not  seem 
to  have  been  hitherto  recorded  as  a  destructive  leaf  feeder.  This 
species  was  associated  with  the  green  striped  maple  worm, 
A  n  i  s  o  t  a  r  u  b  i  c  u  n  d  a  Fabr.  in  defoliating  extensive  areas 
in  the  townships  of  Berlin  and  Stephentown.  An  idea  of  the 
extent  of  the  injuries  may  be  gained  by  reference  to  page  13. 
Caterpillars  of  this  form  must  have  been  rather  abundant,  as  a 
number  were  sent  in  with  the  Anisota  larvae  August  12,  despite 
the  fact  that  they  were  then  much  smaller  than  this  better 
known  form.  This  species  was  also  very  destructive  over  large 
areas  of  maple  and  beech  forests  in  Maine  and  injurious  to 
apple  trees,  as  recorded  by  Miss  Patch. 

Description.  The  following  characterizations  of  the  various 
stages  have  been  drafted  very  largely  from  Packard's  extended 
descriptions. 

Adult.  The  parent  insect  is  a  rather  heavy,  pale  olive-gray 
moth  with  a  wing  spread  of  i^^  to  about  2  inches.  The  wings 
are  varial)ly  marked  with  white  scales  and  patches  and  darker 
scallopings. 

Larva.  The  recently  hatched  larva  of  this  species  is  less  than 
3/16  of  an  inch  long,  dull  reddish  and  most  remarkable  on  account 
of  the  nine  dorsal  pairs  of  chitinous  processes,  much  resembling 
the  antlers  of  deer,  the  anterior  horns  arising  from  the  segment 
just  behind  the  head.  The  anterior  pair  each  have  four  long. 
curved  horns,  while  the  others  are  smaller  and  sim[7ier.  This 
curious  armature  disappears  after  the  first  molt  and  there  are 
then  evidences  of  longitudinal  stripes.  Successive  molts  result 
in  great  variations  in  color,  in  the  third  stage  the  ground  color 
being  yellowish  green  and  marked  by  a  broad,  median,  reddisli 
l)rown  stripe,  which  latter  has  conspicuous  (Hlations  on  the  third 
abdominal  segment.  Subsequently  the  markings  become  ligliter,  the 
larva  being  mostly  light  green  with  variable  reddish  brown  mark- 


22  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

ings  just  behind  the  head,  on  the  third  abdominal  segment  and  near 
the  posterior  extremity.  The  markings  vary  much  in  different 
larvae,  there  usually  being  a  broad,  reddish  brown  area,  frequently 
forked  anteriorly,  just  behind  the  head  and  extending  to  the  first 
abdominal  segment  and  an  irregularly  expanded  area  on  the  third 
abdominal  segment.  The  reddish  markings  at  the  posterior  ex- 
tremity are  more  variable,  sometimes  being  rudimentary.  The  full 
grown  larva  is  about  an  inch  and  a  half  long,  has  a  rather  small 
head,  with  the  body  increasing  in  size  to  the  fourth  abdominal 
segment,  from  which  it  tapers ;  the  posterior  extremity  being  slender, 
usually  elevated  and  the  last  pair  of  abdominal  legs  extending 
behind  as  two  small  divergent  processes. 

Pupa.  The  pupa  is  rather  short,  thick,  stout,  about  ^  of  an 
inch  long  and  with  a  pair  of  short,  stout,  angulate  appendages  at 
the  posterior  extremity. 

Life  history.  This  species,  according  to  Dr  Packard,  deposits 
eggs  at  Brunswick,  Me.,  as  early  as  July  3,  the  larvae  hatching 
therefrom  by  the  nth  or  12th.  The  young  caterpillars  feed  for 
a  time  on  the  under  side  of  the  leaf,  at  first  eating  away  small, 
irregular  patches.  The  first  stage  lasts  about  nine  days,  the  second 
probably  four  or  five  days.  Full  growth  is  attained  in  about  a 
month,  though  belated  individuals  may  occur  as  late  as  the  end 
of  September.  The  larva,  when  annoyed,  has  a  habit  of  jerking 
its  head  suddenly  from  side  to  side  as  though  trying  to  drive 
away  some  assailant.  This  species  appears  to  live  by  preference 
on  sugar  maple,  rerl  maple  and  oak,  though  it  has  also  been  taken 
on  apple,  chestnut,  beech  and  viburnum.  Miss  Patch  records  beech 
as  a  preferred  food  plant  in  Maine. 

Distribution.  This  insect  appears  to  have  a  wide  distribution, 
it  having  been  recorded  from  Florida  and  Georgia,  north  and  east- 
ward through  Maine  to  St  John's  Pduff  and  westward  as  far  as 
Fort  Collins,  Col.  Dr  Packard  states  tl.at  it  is  a  rare  species  in 
Colorado. 

Natural  enemies.  These  caterpillars  arc  subject  to  attack  by 
a  number  of  j)rcdaccous  forms.  Miss  Patch  states  that  in  Maine 
the  fiery  ground  beetle,  C  a  1  o  s  o  m  a  c  a  1  i  d  u  m  Fabr.,  was  very 
abundant  about  the  base  of  infcslcd  trees  and  tliat  one  of  the  soldier 
bugs,  P  o  d  i  s  u  s  m  o  d  e  s  t  u  s  Dall.,  was  c|uile  active  in  destroy- 
ing the  jicsts. 

•  Remedial  measures.  The  discussion  of  remedial  measures 
given  in  our  acrount  of  the  green  striped  maple  worm.  A  n  i  sota 
rubicund  a   Fabr.,  would  apply  with  equal  force  to  this  species. 


REPORT   OF   THE   STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  23 

.  Bibliography 

1855  Walker,  F.  Lcp.  Brit.  j\Ius.  Cat.  5:992."  (As  Cecrita  gutti- 
V  i  1 1  a) 

1856    Lcp.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.     7:1748.     (As  Cecrita    albi- 

p  laga) 

1856  Herrick-Schaffer  Ausscr.  Schmett  v.  i,  f.  514.  (As  Dry- 
nionia    mucorea) 

1864  Packard,  A.  S.  Ent.  Soc.  Phila.  Proc.  3:372-3.  (Described  as 
L  o  c  h  m  a  e  u  s    c  i  n  e  r  e  u  s  ) 

1865  Walker,  F.  Lcp.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  32:413.  (As"Mesogada 
s  o  b  r  i  a  ) 

1867  Scudder,  S.  H.  Harris'  Ent.  Correspondence,  p.  134.  (As 
licterocampa    doubledayi) 

1880  French,  G.  H.  Can.  Ent.  12:83-84.  (Larva  described,  as 
ileterocampa    pulverea;  in  error) 

i88r  Packard,  A.  S.  U.  S.  Ent.  Com.  Bui.  7,  p.  46-47.  (Quotes 
I'rench) 

1882     Grote,  A.  R.    New  Check  List  N.  Am.  Moths,  p.  19    (Synonomy) 

1890  Packard,  A.  S.  U.  S.  Ent.  Com.  5th  Rep't,  p.  159  (Larva  and 
moth,  as  Heterocampa  pulverea,  in  error) ;  p.  398  (adult  de- 
scribed, as  Lochmaeus    cinereus);  p.  218,  424.     (Listed) 

1890  Bos.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.  Proc.  24:544-47.  (Larva  de- 
scribed) 

1891  Dyar,  H.  G.     Psyche,  6:178.     (Larva  described) 

1891  Smith,  J.  B.     List  Lep.  Boreal  Am.  p.  31 

1892  Kirby,  W.  F.  Syn.  Cat.  Het.  Lep.  1:564.  Synonomy  p.  565  (As 
Heterocampa    doubledayi    Scudd.) 

1894  Neumogen,,  B.  &  Dyar,  H.  G.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  Trans.  21 :207. 
(As  Cecrita  guttivitta) 

1894    N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.  Jour.  2:117 

1895  Packard,  A.  S.  Monogr.  Bombycine  Moths,  p.  230-35.  (Ex- 
tended account) 

1896  Lintner,  J.  A.  N.  Y.  State  Ent.  nth  Rep't,  p.  265.  (On  apple) 
1899  Smith,  J.  B.  Ins.  N.  J.  p.  456.  (As  Cecrita  guttivitta) 
1902     Dyar,  H.  G.     List  N.  Am.  Lep.  p.  254.     (Synonomy) 

1906  Felt,  E.  P.     N.  Y.  State  Mus.  Mem.  8,  2:727.     (Listed) 

1907  Patch,  E.  M.  Me.  Agric.  Exp.  Sta.  Bui.  148,  p.  262-63.  Ex- 
tensive injuries  recorded) 

Snow-white  linden  moth 

Ennotnos  subsignarius  Hiibn. 

This  species,  though  generally  known  some  years  ago  as  a  destruc- 
tive enemy  of  shade  trees,  has  attracted  very  httle  notice. in  recent 
years.  The  past  summer,  however,  the  caterpillars  were  found  in 
immense  numbers  defoliating  beech  trees  in  Ulster  county.  An 
investigation  of  the  outbreak,  made  by  assistant  I.  L.  Nixon,  showed 
that  the  area  of  greatest  injury  was  about  half-  a  mile   long  and 


24  N*EW    VORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

ranged  from  y^  to  ^4  '•^f  a  mile  in  width.  The  outbreak  occurred 
on  Graham  mountain,  some  13  miles  southeast  of  Arkville  on  the 
west  side  of  a  ridge  running  in  a  southwesterly  direction  and  at  an 
altitude  of  approximately  3700  feet.  The  caterpillars  were  so 
numerous  that  practically  all  the  younger  beech  trees  and  the  lower 
branches  of  the  larger  trees  were  completely  defoliated,  and  in  a 
few  instances  trees  35  to  40  feet  high  were  entirely  stripped  of 
leaves,  the  pest  devouring  everything  except  the  midrib  and  larger 
lateral  veins. 

Early  history.  This  leaf  feeder  is  best  known  on  account  of 
the  serious  injuries  inflicted  by  the  caterpillars  on  the  shade  trees 
of  Xew  York,  Philadelphia  and  other  cities  prior  to  about  1880. 
-Mr  A.  R.  Grote,  writing  of  this  species  in  1881,  states  that  this 
pest  used  to  be  so  common  in  Bro<jklyn  when  he  attended  school 
there  in  1857  and  subsequently,  "that  the  horse-chestnuts,  elms  and 
maples,  the  latter  especially,  became  completely  defoliated  and  the 
brown  measuring  worms  used  to  hang  down  and  cover  the  side- 
walks ultimately  to  the  great  discomfort  of  passers  by."  The 
situation  in  Brooklyn  was  so  serious  in  1861,  according  to  Lintner, 
that  the  Common  Council  contemplated  passing  an  ordinance  com- 
pelling the  removal  of  all  linden  trees  from  the  public  streets. 
Other  writers  in  1866  and  later  allude  to  the.  great  injuries  inflicted 
by  these  caterpillars  upon  shade  trees,  particularly  those  of  Phila- 
deli)hia.  A  paragraph  in  Popular  Science  Monthly  for  1881 
[4:381]  states  that  "  for  several  years  the  measuring  worm  preyed 
on  the  leaves  of  the  trees  in  Philadelphia  to  such  an  extent  that 
early  in  the  summer  scarcely  any  foliage  would  be  left  remaining." 
This  condition  continued  till  the  introduction  of  the  English  spar- 
row, which  latter,  though  a  serious  pest  on  many  accounts,  was 
the  means  of  ridding  our  cities  of  this  voracious  measuring  worm. 
The  beneflt  resulting  from  the  activity  of  tin-  bird,  ai)pears  to  have 
been  short-lived,  as  we  now  have  in  the  white  marked  tussock 
moth,  II  etc  roc  amp  a  leucostigma  Abb.  61'  Sm.,  a  pest 
that  appears  to  be  fully  as  destructive  as  the  species  under  discus- 
sion, though  in  some  respects  more  easily  coiitrulk'd. 

This  measuring  worm  is  iiow  coming  iiiti)  prominence  as  a 
destructive  enemy  of  forest  trees.  J'rof.  j.  11.  Conistock,  in  his 
report  for  i88<:>,  states  that  si)ecimens  of  this  Geometric!  were 
received  from  Mr  Adam  Davenpcjrt  of  Morgantown,  Fannin  co., 
Ga.  with  the  statement  that  the  insects  had  first  been  observed  in 
the  county  two  years  before,  and  that  they  had  spread  rapidly  and 


KEPORT   OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  25 

were  then  destroying  forests  of  hickory  and  chestnut  and,  in  addi- 
tion, inflicting  much  damage  on  fruit  trees.  A  later  outbreak  in 
Iowa  was  recorded  by  Prof.  Herbert  Osborn  in  1896.  He  states 
that  this  species  was  unusually  destructive  in  one  of  the  south- 
eastern counties  (Washington),  a  correspondent  of  his  reporting 
that  the  measuring  worms  had  defoliated  "  acres  and  acres  "  of 
timber  land.  There  is,  in  addition,  the  outbreak  in  the  Catskill 
forests  mentioned  above. 

This  measuring  worm  appears  to  be  making  a  place  for  itself 
among  the  more  destructive  leaf  feeders  affecting  some  of  our 
fruit  trees,  particularly  the  apple.  The  outbreak  in  the  Georgia 
forests  referred  to  above,  was  accompanied  by  much  injury  to 
fruit  trees  in  that  vicinity.  Prof.  H.  Garman,  writing  of  this  insect 
in  1904,  states  that  this  species  has  for  several  seasons  been  very 
injurious  to  an  apple  orchard  in  Muhlenberg  county,  Ky.  It  would 
not  be  surprising  if  a  number  of  outbreaks,  hitherto  attributed  to 
our  more  common  canker  worms,  were  in  reality  the  work  of 
this  species. 

Description.  The  eggs  of  this  moth  are  about  the  size  of  a 
small  pin  head,  conical  in  shape,  somewhat  compressed  at  the 
points.  They  are  first  yellowish,  then  olive-green  and  later  dark 
brown.  They  are  covered  with  a  thick,  sticky,  glutinous  matter 
and  adhere  firmly  to  the. object  on  which  they  are  deposited. 

Larva.  Length  2  inches.  Head  a  dull  reddish  or  yellowish 
brown,  the  thoracic  shield  darker  and  distinctly  fuscous  along  the 
margins.  The  body  mostly  a  dull  brownish  black,  the  suranal 
plate  and  anal  prolegs  yellowish  brown.  There  are  irregular, 
yellowish  markings  along  the  sublateral  lines,  they  being  repre- 
sented by  inconspicuous  dots  on  the  second  and  third  thoracic 
segments.  On  the  first  abdominal  segment  these  markings  are 
so  thick  and  contiguous  in  some  specimens  as  to  give  the  appear- 
ance of  short,  sublateral  lines  extending  most  of  the  length  of 
the  segment.  On  the  third  abdominal  segment  the  yellowish  mark- 
ings are  distinctly  produced  laterally  and  towards  the  median  line, 
forming  a  pair  of  submedian  irregularly  oval,  reddish  yellow  marks, 
very  suggestive  of  tubercles.  On  the  remaining  segments  this  sub- 
lateral  marking  is  indicated  only  by  inconspicuous  dots,  a  pair  on 
the  anterior  and  posterior  annulets  of  each  segment,  the  yellow 
markings  becoming  a  little  thicker  and  more  irregular  on  the  nth, 
1 2th  and  13th  segments.  Head  distinctly  broader  anteriorly,  the 
clypeus   sunken,  yellowish  brown,   the   labrum  pale  yellowish  with 


26  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

a  few  conspicuous  yellowish  setae,  the  antennae  short,  yellowish 
at  the  base,  the  basal  segment  yellowish,  the  second  segment  pro- 
longed, reddish  yellow,  narrowly  yellowish  at  the  extremities  and 
with  a  few  coarse  setae  apically;  mandibles  reddish  brown,  fuscous 
apically,  irregularly  bidentate;  labial  palpi  three  jointed,  mostly 
pale  yellowish,  spinneret  pale  yellowish.  True  legs  a  variable  yel- 
lowish and  reddish  brown,  the  distal  segments  somewhat  darker, 
the  first  pair  of  prolegs  dark  brown  basally,  yellowish  brown 
apically,  the  anal  prolegs  mostly  yellowish  brown,  venter  nearly 
the  same  color  as  the  dorsum,  except  that  portion  between  the 
prolegs,  which  is  a  variable  yellowish  green  and  yellowish  brown. 

Pupa.  The  pupae  arc  found  among  the  leaves,  being  sheltered 
by  a  very  light,  thin,  yellowish  brown  cocoon.  The  pupa  is  about 
I  inch  long,  the  general  color  being  a  yellowish  brown,  irregularly 
spotted  with  dull  black.  Antennae,  leg  and  wing  sheaths  closely 
fused  and  extending  to  the  tip  of  the  fourth  abdominal  segment, 
the  terminal  segment  pale  yellowish  or  yellowish  straw ;  cremaster 
composed  of  an  irregular  group  of  four  stout,  dark  brown,  re- 
curved hooks,  two  distal,  two  subapical  and  then  two  pair  of  more 
slender  ones,  the  more  distal  being  lateral  and  the  others  dorsal. 

The  adult  [pi.  i,  fig.  i]  is  a  rather  slender  bodied,  usually  snow- 
white  insect  having  a  wing  spread  of  about  i^-2inches,  the  female 
being  a  little  larger.  This  moth,  according  to  Professor  Packard, 
may  be  at  once  known  by  its  snow-white  bo;ly  and  wings,  the 
angulated  forewings  and  notched  hind  wings. 

Life  history.  The  eggs  of  this  species  are  deposited  usually 
on  the  underside  of  the  branches  and  remain  unhatched  till  the 
following  spring.  The  young  measuring  worms  appear  with  the 
unfolding  foliage  and,  when  abundant,  trees  may  be  defoliated 
within  two  weeks.  The  caterpillars  attain  full  growth  in  five  or 
six  weeks.  The  investigations  of  the  outbreak  in  Ulster  county 
were  made  July  26,  at  which  time  most  of  the  caterpillars  were 
full  grown  and  some  had  even  entered  the  pupal  stage.  The  final 
transformations  are  usually  undergone  within  a  shelter  of  leaves 
drawn  and  fastened  together  with  silken  strands.  Adults  were 
brefl  from  the  specimens  taken  in  the  Catskills  July  31  and  August 
I.  The  eggs  are  deposited  shortly  thereafter,  and  in  the  North 
ai  least,  remain  uidiatched  till  the  f<^)llovving  spring.  Professor 
('<Mnstock  states  that  many  eggs  in  the  Georgia  outbreak  were 
deposited  on  leaves,  and  this  led  him  to  conclude  that  in  the  South 
there  was  probably  more  than  one  generation  aniiu.dly. 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I9O7  27 

Food  plants.  This  species  is  evidently  somewhat  of  a  general 
feeder.  Among  shade  trees,  it  evinces  a  marked  fondness  for 
linden,  horse-chestnut,  maple  and  elm,  while  in  the  forests  beech, 
hickory  and  chestnut  are  seriously  damaged.  It  has  also  been  re- 
garded as  quite  destructive  to  apple  under  certain  conditions  and 
has  been  recorded  as  feeding  on  birch. 

Distribution.  This  species  is  evidently  widely  distributed  in 
the  eastern  United  States  at  least,  having  been  recorded  from  Nova 
Scotia  south  to  Georgia  and  westward  to  Colorado. 

Natural  enemies.  The  English  sparrow  is  a  most  effective 
check  on  this  species  in  cities  and  it  is  presumable  that  a  number 
of  our  native  forms  feed  upon  the  caterpillars  in  the  country.  -It 
is  very  probable  that  the  large  reduction  in  bird  life  in  recent  years 
is  responsible  in  considerable  measure  for  increasing  depredations 
by  this  and  other  insects.  The  better  protection  of  native  birds 
must  be  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  efficient  means  of  preventing 
insect  outbreaks  in  forests. 

A  single  parasite,  Macrocentus  iridescens  French, 
has  been  reared  from  this  species,  though  undoubtedly  other 
parasitic  enemies  as'  well  as  a  number  of  predaceous  forms,  prey 
upon  it. 

Preventive  measures.  The  preventive  measures  discussed  in 
the  account  of  the  green  striped  maple  worm,  Anisota  rubi- 
cund a   Fabr.  should  apply  equally  to  this  pest. 

Bibliography 

1806  Hiibner,  Jacob.  Samml.  Exot.  Schmet.  vol.  2.  (Original  de- 
scription as  Eudalimia) 

1855     Harris,  T.  "\^.     Hovey's  Hort.  Mag.  21:418-23 

1857     Guenee,  A.     Spec.  Gen.   Lep.  9:181 

i860    Walker,  F.     Lep.  Het.  Brit.  Mus.  List,  20:209 

1861  Jones,  J.  B.  Ent.  Soc.  Phila.  Proc.  1:31.  (Mentioned,  as 
C-eometraniveosericearia) 

1864  Glover,  Townend.  U.  S.  Dep't  Agric.  Rep't,  p.  554-  (Men- 
tioned) 

1866     Walsh,  B.  D.     Pract.  Ent.  1:57.     (Brief  account) 

1868  Packard,  A.  S.    Am.  Nat.  2:333.     (Mentioned,  as  Eudalimia) 

1869    Guide  to  Study  of  Ins.  p.  32.     (Mentioned) 

1872     Lintner,  J.  A.     Ent.  Contrib.  1:77.     (Listed) 

1874     LeConte,  J.  L.     Gardners  Month.     16:325-26 

1876  Packard,  A,  S.  U.  S.  Geol.  Sur.  Terr.  10:528.  (Description,  dis- 
tribution, as  Eugonia) 

1878  French,  G.  H.  Nox.  &  Ben.  Ins.  Til.  7th  Rep't,  p.  243-44.  (Larva 
and  adult   described,  as   Eugonia) 


28  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

1880  French,  G.  H.  Can.  Ent.  12:43.  (M  a  c  r  o  c  e  n  t  u  s  i  ri- 
de s  c  e  n  s    bred  from  larva,  as  Eugonia) 

1881  Comstock,  J.  H.  U.  S.  Dep't  Agric.  Rep't.  1880.  p.  271.  (In- 
jurious, as  Eugonia) 

1881  Grote,  A.  R.  Geol.  Geog.  Sur.  Terr.  Bui.  6,  p.  588.  (Early 
injuries,  as  Eugonia) 

1881  Packard,  A.  S.  U.  S.  Ent.  Com.  Bui.  7,  p.  62.  (Brief  notice,  as 
Eugonia) 

1882  Dodge,  C.  R.  Can.  Ent.  14:30-32.  (Injuries;  life  histor)',  as 
Eugonia) 

1882  Lintner,  J.  A.     N.  Y.  State  Ent.  ist  Rep't,  p.  329.     (Listed) 

1883  Dodge,  C.  R.  Knt.  Soc.  Ont.  Rep't.  1882.  p.  18.  (Same  as 
above) 

1883  Saunders,  William.  Ins.  Inj.  Fruits,  p.  iii.  (Brief  notice,  as 
Eugonia) 

1885     Lintner,  J.  A.     X.  Y.  State  Ent.  2d  Rep't,  p.  69,  76,  -]T.     (Injuries) 

1890  Packard,  A.  S.  U.  S.  Ent.  Com.  sth  Rep't,  p.  232-33,  306-7,  329, 
354,  481.     (Life  history;  injuries,  as  Eugonia) 

1891  Smith,  J.  B.     List  Lep.  p.  65 

1893     Lintner,  J.  A.     Ins.   Life,  6:184.     (Mentioned,  as  Eugonia) 
1896    N.  Y.   State  Ent.    nth  Rep't,  p.   121-266.     (Men- 
tioned) 

1896     Hulst,  G.  D.     Am.   Ent.   Soc.  Trans.  2y.y]2.     (Synonomy) 
1896     Osborn,  Herbert.     U.  S.  Dep't  Agric.  Div.  "Ent.  Bui.  6  n.  s.  p.  80. 
(Injuries  in  forests,  as  Eugonia) 

1899  Lugger,  Otto.  Minn.  Agric.  Exp.  Sta.  Bui.  61,  p.  230-31.  (Brief 
notice) 

1899     Smith,  J.  B.     Ins.  N.  J.  p.  449 

1902  Dyar,  H.  G.     List  Lep.  p.  336.     (Synonomy) 

1903  Holland,  W.  J.     Moth  Book,  p.  348.     (Distribution) 

1904  Garman,  H.*  Ky.  Agric.  Exp.  Sta.  Bui.  116,  p.  79-81.  (General 
account) 

1904     Gibson,  Arthur.     Ent.  Soc.  Ont.  34th  Rep't,  p.  56.     (Life  history) 
1906    Felt,  E.  P.     N.  Y.  State  Mus.  Mem.  8,  2:725.     (Food  plants) 

Apple  leaf  folder 
A)xcylus  nubcculana  C\cm. 

Examples  of  leaves  infcsUMl  by  this  interesting  form  were 
received  from  Cattaraiijjus  county  .September  17  with  the  state- 
ment that  it  was  (k)ing  considerable  damage  to  apple  trees  in  that 
vicinity.  This  species  is  rarely  abundant  enough  to  cause  material 
injury,  though  on  account  of  its  peculiar  method  of  operation,  it 
frequently  attracts  notice  and  may  occasionally  cause  serious  injury. 
The  common  name,  apple  leaf  folder,  exactly  describes  the  work 
of   the    cater[)illar,    since   the    dark   yellowish   green,   black   marked 


REPORT   OF   THE   STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  29 

caterpillar  is  most  easily  recognized  by  the  apposed  halves  of  in- 
fested leaves,  their  e-Jges  being  held  together  by  strands  of  silk. 

Early  history.  The  dark  brown,  white  marked  moth  was  first 
described  by  Clemens  in  i860,  and  the  first  record  of  injury  is 
given  by  the  late  Prof.  Charles  V.  Riley,  who  in  March  1877,  re- 
ceived specimens  from  Mr  O.  C.  Chapin  of  East  Bloomfield, 
Ontario  co.,  N.  Y.  with  the  statement  that  in  1876  the  trees  were 
seriously  injured,  one  fourth  of  the  leaves  being  infested.  The  same 
year  Professor  J.  H.  Comstock  of  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 
noted  that  the  species  was  common  in  some  orchards  of  New 
York  State.  It  also  appears  to  have  been  numerous  in  Wisconsin 
in  1878,  since  Dr  P.  H.  Hoy  writes  of  it  as  a  serious  orchard 
pest.  Dr  J.  A.  Lintner,  in  his  report  for  1891,  records  a  case  where 
about  one  half  of  the  leaves  of  an  orchard  at  Palmyra,  Wayne 
CO.  were  infested  by  this  species,  though  he  considers  the  insect 
of  comparatively  slight  economic  importance.  This  leaf  folder 
has  also  been  recorded  as  abundant  in  Ontario  (Canada)  orchards 
in  1895  and  again  in  1903. 

Description.  The  parent  moth  has  a  wing  spread  of  about 
^  of  an  inch,  is  dark  brown  and  the  forewings  are  marked  by  con- 
spicuous white  areas  near  the  anterior  margin  and  on  the  posterior 
margin  near  the  extremity  with  a  rather  broad,  oblique,  whitish 
stripe.     The  original  description  by  Clemens  follows : 

Forewings  white  wuth  a  dark  brown  dorsal  patch  extending  from 
the  base  to  the  middle  of  the  wing,  with  its  costal  edge  irregular 
or  doubly  curved.  The  oblique  central  fascia  is  almost  obsolete 
except  on  the  middle  of  the  costa  where  it  appears  as  a  dark 
grayish  brown  spot,  and  in  the  middle  of  the  w^ing  beneath  it  is 
a  grayish  brown  round  spot  exterior  to  which  is  a  short  black 
dash.  The  wing  above  the  inner  angle  is  varied  with  grayish  brown 
and  brownish.  The  costa  exterior  of  the  middle  is  alternately 
streaked  with  white  and  brownish,  becoming  reddish  brown  toward 
the  tip.     Extreme  apex  reddish  brown. 

Pupa.  The  yellowish  brown  pupa  of  this  species  has  been 
described  by  Professor  Riley  practically  as  follows:  Length  }i  of 
an  inch.  The  wing  sheaths  extend  to  the  fourth  abdominal  seg- 
ment, the  antennal  sheaths  not  quite  so  far.  The  anterior  and 
posterior  borders  of  each  abdominal  segment  are  armed  dorsally 
with  a  transverse  row  of  minute  decurved  spines,  anal  segment 
quite  sharp. 

I^arva.  Length  about  Yz  inch.  Head  a  yellowish  orange, 
thoracic   shield   yellowish,   the   body   a   variable    fuscous   yellowish 


30  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

green.  The  head  is  somewhat  flattened,  labrum  reddish  brown, 
the  mandibles  fuscous  apically  and  the  small  antennae  are  whitish 
basally,  pale  orange  near  the  middle  and  semitransparent  apically. 
The  large  thoracic  shield  has  irregular  black  markings  at  the 
lateral  posterior  angles,  the  body  is  somewhat  more  fuscous  laterally 
and  the  setigerous  tubercles  are  rather  large,  lighter  than  the  body 
and  each  bears  a  single  fuscous  hair.  Anal  plate  yellowish  with 
a  conspicuous  irregular,  transverse,  black  spot  on  the  posterior  half. 
True  legs  with  the  basal  segment  fuscous  yellowish,  the  other  seg- 
ments dark  brown  or  black,  prolegs  pale  yellowish  green. 

Life  history.  The  life  history  of  this  species  has  been  sum- 
marized by  Professor  Riley  practically  as  follows:  The  moths  appear 
in  the  spring  and  presumably  deposit  their  eggs  upon  the  leaves, 
the  young  larvae  hatching  in  the  early  part  of  June.  The  leaf  is 
folded  gradually  by  drawing  the  edges  together,  so  that  the  upper 
surfaces  are  nearly  appos.ed  and  the  structure  forms  a  secure  shelter 
[pi.  2,  fig.  2].  The  caterpillars  live  in  this  retreat,  feeding  only 
upon  the  parenchyma  and  may  be  found  throughout  the  summer  and 
autumn,  there  being  apparently  but  one  generation  annually.  On 
the  approach  of  winter  the  caterpillar  lines  the  interior  of  the  leaf 
with  silk,  and,  dropping  with  it,  hibernates  in  this  shelter.  The 
overwintered  caterpillar  transforms  in  April  or  May  to  the  pupa, 
the  latter  making  its  way  partly  out  of  the  leaf  before  disclosing 
the  adult. 

Distribution.  This  species  appears  to  be  widely  distributed 
in  the  eastern  part  of  the  country  at  least,  it  having  been  recorded 
from  the  Atlantic  States  and  as  far  west  as  Wisconsin  and 
Minnesota. 

Remedies.  It  is  obvious,  from  this  insect  wintering  in  the 
folded  leaves,  as  given  in  the  account  above,  that  it  should  be 
comparatively  easy  to  destroy  this  pest  in  badly  infested  orchards 
by  raking  up  anrl  burning  the  dried  leaves.  Furthermore,  this  in- 
sect is  undoubtedly  amenable  to  arsenical  poisons,  and  we  have 
yet  to  have  our  attention  called  to  an  instance  where  this  pest 
has  appeared  in  numbers  on  thoroughly  sprayed  trees.  This  is 
particularly  true  where  the  more  adhesive  arsenate  of  lead  is  em- 
ployed in  the  later  treatments. 

Bibliography 

i860  Clemens.  B.  Arad.  Nat.  Scl.  riiila.  Trfc.  12:340.  (Described  as 
Anchylopcra) 


REPORT   OF   THE   STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  3I 

1869    Packard,  A.  S.     Guide  to  Study  of  Ins.  p.  338.     (As  Anchylopera) 
1875     Zeller,   P.   C.     Verh.   zool.   bot.    Ges.   Wien.   25:249.      QUescribed 
as  Phoxopteris) 

1879  Hoy,  P.  H.     Wis.  State  Hort.  Soc.  Trans.  9:233.     (Brief  notice) 

1880  Coquillett,  D.  W.  Nox.  &  Ben.  Ins.  111.  loth  Rep't,  p.  I53- 
(Larva  described  as  Phoxopteris) 

1882  Fernald,  C.  H.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  Trans.  10:48.  (Synonomy,  dis- 
tribution, as  Phoxopteris) 

1882  Lintner,  J.  A.  N.  Y.  State  Ent.  ist  Rep't,  p.  329.  (Listed  as 
Phoxopteris) 

1889  Saunders,  William.  Ins.  Inj.  Fruits,  p.  99.  (Summary  account 
as  Phoxopteris) 

1891     Smith,  J.  B.     List  Lep.  p.  93.     (As  Phoxopteris) 

1893  Lintner,  J.  A.  N.  Y.  State  Ent.  8th  Rep't,  p.  123,  297.  (Injuries; 
mentioned  as  Phoxopteris) 

1895  Fletcher,  James.  Exp.  Farms  Can.  Rep't,  p.  148.  (Injuries;  as 
Phoxopteris) 

1896  Lintner,  J.  A.  N.  Y.  State  Ent.  nth  Rep't,  p.  266.  (Listed  as 
Phoxopteris) 

1899  Lugger,   O.     Minn.  Agric.    Exp.   Sta.   Bui.  61,  p.  293-94.      (Brief 

general  notice,  as  Phoxopteris) 

1899  Smith,  J.  B.     Ins.  N.  J.  p.  496.     (Listed  as  Phoxopteris) 

1902  Dyar,  H.  G.     List  Lep.  p.  466.     (Synonomy,  distribution) 

1903  Fletcher,  James.     Exp.  Farms  Can.  Rep't,  p.  193.     (Brief  notice) 


NOTES  FOR  THE  YEAR 

This  season  of  1907  was  marked  by  comparatively  few  outbreaks 
by  the  more  common  injurious  insects.  The  destructive  species 
affecting  fruits,  field  and  garden  crops  gave  comparatively  little 
trouble.  The  extensive  depredations  upon  shade  trees  in  recent 
years  have  done  much  to  bring  certain  forms  into  deserved  promi- 
nence as  destructive  species.  Those  occurring  upon  forest  trees 
have  likewise  been  more  numerous,  and  the  recent  extensive  depre- 
dations by  certain  forms  have  served  to  emphasize  their  economic 
importance  in  a  most  convincing  manner.  The  outbreaks  by  the 
green  striped  maple  worm  and  the  snow-white  linden  moth  have 
been  particularly  noteworthy,  as  recorded  elsewhere. 

Fruit  insects 
Red-humped  apple  tree  caterpillar  (Schizura  concinna 
Abb.  &  Sm.).  This  leaf  feeder,  generally  distributed  throughout 
the  State,  is  more  or  less  common  from  year  to  year.  It  attracted 
seme  notice  during  the  latter  part  of  the  summer*  and  more  on 
account  of  its  defoliating  young  trees  in  the  middle  of  October. 


32  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

This  latter  is  somewhat  unusual  and  probably  chargeable  in  part  to 
the  backward  season.  The  destruction  of  the  leaves  at  this  late 
date  can  hardly  be  considered  as  injurious,  since  it  would  do  little 
more  than  hasten  the  normal  fall  ripening  of  the  wood. 

Lesser  peach  borer  (Synanthedon  pictipes  G.  &R.). 
This  species  has  long  been  known  as  an  enemy  of  plum  trees  in 
New  York  State.  Its  life  history  was  worked  out  rather  fully  in 
1879  t>y  Dr  James  S.  Bailey  of  Albany,  who  studied  the  operations 
of  this  species  on  plum  trees  in  his  back  yard.  Subsequent  litera- 
ture shows  that  this  form  has  a  decided  preference  for  the  domestic 
plum,  though  it  has  also  been  recorded  as  breeding  in  a  number 
of  other  trees  such  as  the  beach  plum,  wild  plum,  cherry,  June- 
berry,  chestnut  and  peach.  Recent  developments  show  that  this 
species  may  be  quite  injurious  to  peach,  particularly  in  the  Southern 
States.  Its  operations  upon  this  tree  have  also  been  observed  in 
New  York.  This  pest  has  a  somewhat  similar  habit  to  that  of  the 
more  common  peach  borer  ( S  a  n  n  i  n  o  i  d  e  a  e  x  i  t  i  o  s  a  Say ) , 
it  differing  in  that  it  apparently  attacks  none  but  injured  trees, 
preferring  to  work  in  the  vicinity  of  some  scar ;  consequently  it  is 
usually  found  in  old  trees.  The  borers  make  more  irregular  and 
longer  galleries,  generally  following  the  outlines  of  wounds  or  along 
the  edges  of  the  cracked  bark.  They  ukiv  occur  at  or  a  little  below 
the  surface  of  the  soil  or  even  above  the  fork  of  the  larger  branches. 
The  Ixjrers  live  on  the  softer  tissues  under  the  bark  causing,  like 
the  larger  peach  borer,  an  exudation  of  gum.  This  species  is  more 
easily  flistinguished  from  the  common  peach  borer  by  its  smaller 
size,  and  in  the  case  of  the  male  may  be  separated  from  the  more 
common  form  by  its  bearing  but  two  yellow  bands  on  the  abdomen, 
they  occurring  on  the  second  and  fourth  segments,  while  the  male 
peach  Ixjrer  usually  has  a  band  on  the  posterior  margin  of  each 
abdominal  segment.  Tiie  methods  of  value  in  controlling  the  peach 
borer  prove  effective  in  cliecking  this  species  providing  the  worming 
is  extended  to  above  the  fork  of  the  upper  branches.  Care  should 
a\sx)  be  taken  to  prevent  injury  to  the  trunk  or  larger  limbs.  A 
more  detailed  account  of  this  species  is  given  l)y  A.  A.  Girault  in 
Bulletin  68,  part  4,  Bureau  of  l^ntomology.  I'liited  Stales  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture. 

Lesser  apple  worm  (E  n  a  r  m  o  n  i  a  p  r  u  n  i  v  o  r  a  Walsh). 
The  vvftrk  of  this  si)ecies  is  probaijly  familiar  to  many  of  our 
orchardists,  though  it  has  usually  been  attribnlid  to  the  operations 
of   young  codling  moili    l;ir\;ic.      Thi^    >^].(■<•i(■-^   •■.ihi  ;iIK    Icrcs   jusi 


REPORT   OF   THE   STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  33 

beneath  the  skin  around  the  blossom  end  of  the  apple  or  at  a  point 
where  two  apples  touch  each  other,  producing  an  irregular  sunken 
area  covered  by  the  unruptured  yellowish  or  yellowish  brown  skin 
of  the  apple.  This  species  rarely  penetrates  the  fruit  to  the  depth 
of  half  an  inch.  Its  operations  may  continue  till  late  in  the  season, 
considerable  injury  occurring  even  after  the  fruit  has  been  barreled. 
The  observations  of  Mr  Fred  Johnson  show  that  this  species  was 
locally  quite  as  abundant  and  destructive  to  apples  at  North  East, 
Pa.  during  1906  as  the  codling  moth.  It  also  worked  upon  the 
domestica  variety  of  plums.  The  larva  resembles  very  closely  that 
of  the  codling  moth  larva  and  may  be  distinguished  therefrom  by 
the  peculiar  comb-like  structure,  visible  with  a  magnifying  glass,  on 
the  posterior  extremity.  It  is  probable  that  thorough  spraying  for 
the  codling  moth  will  control  this  species  very  largely.  A  d-etailed 
account  of  this  insect  is  given  by  A.  L.  Quaintance  in  Bulletin  68, 
part  5,  Bureau  of  Entomology,  United  States  Department  of  Agri- 
culture. 

Apple  maggot  or  railroad  worm  (Rhagoletis  pomo- 
nella  Walsh).  The  work  of  this  native,  widely  distributed  pest 
appears  to  become  more  apparent  from  year  to  year  in  New  York 
State  at  least,  and  in  some  localities  this  species  has  been  responsible 
for  serious  injuries.  The  parent  insect  is  a  blackish,  two-winged 
fly  about  the  size  of  our  common  house  fly,  and  conspicuous  because 
of  its  white  banded  abdomen  and  the  black  bands  across  its  other- 
wise nearly  colorless  wings.  This  insect  appears  in  early  summer 
and  deposits  its  eggs  under  the  skin  of  the  fruit  after  making  a 
small  incision.  The  wound  soon  closes  and  becomes  almost  in- 
visible, while  the  young  maggot,  hatching  from  the  egg,  grows 
slowly,  maturing  more  rapidly  as  the  fruit  ripens.  The  maggots 
are  so  active  in  the  latter  stages  that  fruit  apparently  sound  one 
day  may  be  literally  honeycombed  by  the  pests  on  the  next.  This 
is  particularly  likely  to  occur  in  the  case  of  well  ripened  sweet 
apples.  This  species  manifests  a  decided  partiality  for  early  apples, 
some  varieties  being  very  badly  infested.  The  presence  of  the 
maggots  seems  to  hasten  ripening  of  the  fruit,  which  latter  usually 
drops,  and  the  pests  escaping  therefrom  enter  the  soil  and  complete 
their  transformations  therein.  Breeding  continues  till  late  in  the 
fall,  the  insects  wintering  under  ground  as  pupae.  This  insect 
not  only  attacks  the  early  sweet  varieties,  but  it  is  also  occasionally 
injurious  to  the  more  valuable  winter  apples.  The  injury  to  these 
latter  is  not  usually  nearly  so  pronounced  and,  as  a  rule,  is  indicated 
2 


34  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

simply  by  irregularities  on  the  surface  and  rather  slightly  discolored, 
corky  trails  in  the  interior.  This  work  materially  reduces  the 
value  of  the  fruit. 

Many  a  fruit  grower  has  vainly  wished  for  a  spray  that  might 
be  used  to  control  this  pest.  Unfortunately  the  greater  portion  of 
its  life  is  passed  under  ground  or  within  the  apple,  places  where 
it  is  practically  impossible  to  destroy  the  pest  with  the  means  now 
at  our  command.  By  far  the  most  successful  method  of  controlling 
this  insect  is  by.  promptly  gathering  and  destroying  the  infested 
fruit.  The  early  sweet  varieties  can  frequently  be  fed  to  stock, 
and  in  that  way  some  return  secured  for  the  labor  involved  in 
collecting,  or  in  some  instances  it  may  be  practical  to  pasture  the 
orchard  so  that  the  wind  falls  are  devoured  without  further  labor. 
This  insect  is  quite  local  in  habit,  appearing  to  display  a  marked 
preference  for  sheltered  hollows.  Advantage  can  sometimes  be 
taken  of  this  habit,  and  the  writer  would  further  suggest  that  it  might 
be  advisable,  in  places  where  the  pest  is  quite  injurious  to  winter 
varieties,  that  it  be  attracted  therefrom  by  setting  a  tree  or  two  of 
an  early  variety,  say  Garden  Royal,  in  the  near  vicinity  and 
promptly  destroying  the  infested  fruit.  Should  this  latter  not  be 
done  the  tree  might  become  a  center  of  trouble  instead  of  a  trap 
to  draw  away  the  insects  from  the  more  remunerative  varieties. 

San  Jose  scale  (Aspidiotus  perniciosus  Comst.), 
This  pest  continues  to  attract  much  attention  from  orchardists 
tliroughout  the  State.  The  season  of  1907  was  favorable  for  its 
breeding,  and  in  many  places  where  ho  attempt  was  made  to  con- 
trol the  insect,  the  scale  became  very  abundant  by  the  end  of  the 
season.  In  some  instances  this  was  very  marked.  The  breeding 
was  so  rapid  in  some  portions  of  the  Hudson  valley  and  in  the 
western  part  of  Connecticut,  that  the  fruit  on  infested  trees  was 
nearly  covered  by  the  pest  and  rendered  practically  worthless 
tlicrcby.  On  the  other  hand,  spraying  for  this  insect  has  beer 
e.xceptiqnally  successful  in  many  places  throughout  New  Yorli 
State.  We  have  in  mind  one  orchard  which,  at  the  end  of  1906 
was  very  badly  infested  by  scale,  so  much  so  that  many  of  the 
smaller  limbs  were  well  incrustcd.  A  thorough  application  of  j 
lime-sulfur  wash  was  made  in  the  spring  of  1907,  and  as  a  resul' 
of  this  treatment  the  fruit  crop  was  practically  unspotted.  This 
is  only  one  of  several  instances  which  came  to  our  notice.  Thi; 
exceptionally  favorable  result  was  probably  due  in  large  part  tc 
the  fact  that  the  spraying  was  unusually  thorough.    The  experience 


RErCRT   OF   THE   STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  35 

of  1907  has  demonstrated  beyond  all  question  the  practicability  of 
controlling  the  San  Josj  scale  by  thorough  applications  of  a  lime- 
sulfur  wash  or  other  material  in  early  spring.  This  is  true  not 
only  in  young  orchards  where  it  is  comparatively  easy  to  cover  all 
the  trees,  but  also  in  larger  commercial  orcV.arJs  where  spraying  is 
considerably  more  difficult. 

The  Hme-sulfur  wash  continues  to  held  its  place  as  a  standard 
remedy  for  San  Jos-i  scale.  The  majority  make  the  application  in 
early  spring  just  before  the  buls  be^in  to  swell,  and  the  results 
have  been  uni'formly  successful.  Furthermore,  growers  of  pears 
are  coming  to  see  in  this  wash  a  practical  remedy  for  the  pear 
psylla  (P  s  y  1  1  a  p  y  r  i  c  o  1  a  l'\;r^t )  an  insect  which  in  recent 
years  has  been  exceediugiy  destructive  in  some  sections  of  the  State. 
It  is  also  of  considerable  service  in  checking  the  oyster  scale 
(L  ep  i  d  o  s  a  p  h  e  s  u  1  m  i  Linn.) ,  the  scurfy  bark  louse 
(Ch  ion  asp  is  fur  fur  a  Fitch)  and  possibly  to  some  extent, 
plant  lice  or  aphids.  In  addition,  it  possesses,  as  is  well  recognized 
at  the  present  time,  valuable  fungicidal  properties.  The  benefits  re- 
ceived in  this  latter  direction  are,  in  the  estimation  of  some  of 
our  best  fruit  growers,  more  than  sufficient  to  cover  the  cost  of 
spraying.  There  can  be  at  the  present  time  no  question  as  to  the 
value  of  the  lime-sulfur  wash,  so  far  as  controlling  San  Jose  scale 
and  several  other  insects  is  concerne:!,  and  even  more  important 
than  this  it  is  an  absolutely  safe  application.  This  latter  is  some- 
thing of  considerable  moment  to  a  man  interested  in  producing  the 
largest  quantity  of  high  class   fruit  during  a  series  of  years. 

There  has  been  in  the  past  considerable  objection  to  the  employ- 
ment of  the  lime-sulfur  wash,  partly  because  of  the  labor  necessary 
to  make  the  preparation  and  particularly  on  account  of  its  caustic 
properties  rendering  spraying  therewith  exceedingly  disagreeable 
for  all  concerned.  This  insistent  demand  has  led  to  the  develop- 
ment of  a  number  of  miscible  or  so  called  "  soluble  oils  "  which 
have  been  put  on  the  market  under  a  variety  of  trade  names.  Cer- 
tain of  these  have  been  used  with  considerable  success,  so  far  as 
immediate  results  are  concerned,  by  some  of  our  best  fruit  growers. 
The  cost  per  gallon,  for  example,  is  considerably  greater  than  that 
of  the  lime-sulfur  wash,  but  on  the  other  hand  a  diluted  gallon  of 
this  material  will  cover  a  much  larger  surface  than  does  the  lime- 
sulfur  wash  and  spreads  more  easily,  thus  making  it  possible  to 
spray  rapidly  and  in  part  offset  the  increased  cost  of  the  mateiial. 
Furthermore,  and  this  is   important  in  sections  where  winds   are 


3G  >E\V   YOHK    STATE   ^IUSEU^r 

variable  in  early  spring,  as  is  apt  to  be  the  case  in  most  parts  of 
New  York  State,  there  is  no  necessity  of  any  preliminary  boiling 
or  treatment  before  operations  begin.  Taking  all  of  these  factors 
into  consideration,  Mr  W.  11.  Hart  of  Poughkeepsie  is  of  the 
opinion  that  it  costs  no  more  to  spray  with  one  of  these  miscible 
oils  than  with  a  lime-sulfur  wash,  in  spite  of  the  great  disparity  in 
the  cost  of  materials.  This  is  undoubtedly  very  close  to  the  truth 
but  other  factors  should  be  considered.  Experience  in  the  past 
has  demonstrated  that  oily  applications  are  not  particularly  bene- 
ficial to  fruit  trees,  and  it  is  yet  to  be  ascertained  what  results  will 
follow  a  series  of  annual  applications  of  these  proprietary  mixtures. 
Furthermore,  those  made  by  different  firms  are  not  alike  and  it  is 
unsafe  to  conclude  that  because  one  brand  is  harmless  that  the  same 
is  true  of  another.  These  materials  should  be  used,  if  employed 
at  all,  with  the  greatest  caution  and  the  trees  sprayed  with  such 
mixtures  should  be  carefully  watched  for  indications  of  oil  injury. 
The  results  obtained  with  these  soluble  oils  in  1907,  so  far  as 
destroying  scale  is  concerned,  are  practically  equal  with  those  given 
by  the  lime-sulfur  wash.  It  should  be  remembered  in  this  connec- 
tion that  the  season  appears  to  have  been  an  exceptionally  favor- 
able one  for  destroying  the  scale,  and  it  would  not  be  surprising  if 
the  true  relative  value  of  these  preparations  was  somewhat  different 
from  that  indicated  by  the  experience  of  the  past  season. 

Grape  root  worm  (Fidia  v  i  t  i  c  i  d  a  Walsh).  The  back- 
ward season  of  1907  had  a  very  pronounced  effect  upon  the  devel- 
opment of  the  root  worm  as  well  as  upon  the  growth  of  vegetation. 
Many  farmers  considered  the  season  two  to  three  weeks  later  than 
usual,  and  the  same  was  true  of  the  root  worm.  Normally  this 
species  transforms  to  the  pupa  from  about  June  ist  to  the  20th, 
the  full  grown  larvae  being  near  the  surface  some  days  at  least 
before  pupation  occurs.  An  examination  of  several  vineyards  in 
Westfield,  June  4,  showed  that  even  on  warm  soil  there  was  no 
evidence  of  transforming  to  the  pupa.  Indications  at  that  time 
were  that  pu|)ac  would  not  1)egin  to  appear  in  niunbers  before 
June  18  and  possibly  not  till  the  25th  or  early  in  July.  Subse- 
quent observations  showed  that  even  this  was  too  early,  as  on  July 
10  only  a  few  full  grown  larvae  and  two  recently  transformed 
pupae  were  to  be  found  on  light  soil,  indicating  that  these  changes 
had  been  greatly  delayed  by  the  alinormally  backward  season.  An 
examination  of  various  vineyards  at  this  time  indicated  that  larvae 
were   relatively  scarce,  this  being  particularly  marked  in  the  case 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    EXTOMOI.OGIST    I907  37 

of  the  one  owned  by  ]\Ir  D.  K.  Falva)-.  This  vineyard,  it  may  be 
remembere:],  was  very  badly  infested  by  root  worms  in  1903.  The 
sitnation  then  was  so  serious  that  a  collecting'  machine  was  made 
and  over  150,000  beetles  taken  in  the  course  of  two  weeks  from 
about  five  acres.  This  tract  has  subsequently  received  careful  cul- 
tivation and  s-pecial  attention  has  been  given  to  cultivating  so  that 
tl.e  largest  number  of  pupae  might  be  destroyed  by  this  latter  pro- 
cess. The  result  has  been  that  this  vineyar  1  has  been  exceptionally 
free  from  this  pest  during  the  past  three  years,  probably  in  a  large 
measure  due  to  the  very  thorough  work  of  several  years  ago.  An 
examination  at  this  time,  July  10,  of  other  vineyards,  led  us  to 
conclude  that  there  ha  1  been  a  considerable  improvement  in  some 
of  those  that  were  badly  infested  a  few  years  before.  There  were 
,-ome  vineyards  where  the  root  w^orms  were  somewhat  abundant, 
though  so  far  as  our  examinations  disclosed,  the  pests  were  not 
nearly  so  numerous  as  in  earlier  years.  This  observation  was  con- 
firmed subsequently  by  an  examination  of  a  number  of  vineyards 
( )ct.  16.  By  far.  the  greater  number  showed  relatively  little  injury 
to  the  vines  as  indicated  by  the  amount  of  fee  ling  on  the  foliage, 
while  in  scattered  localities  there  had  undoubtedly  been  large  num- 
bers of  beetles  present  and  the  indications  are,  in  these  latter  cases, 
that  considerable  injury  has  been  inflicted  and  more  may  follow- 
next  year  unless  some  adequate  measures  are  adopted  for  checking 
this  pest. 

The  root  worm  outbreak  in  Chautauqua  county  appears  to  have 
passed  thrtnigh  the  first  and  most  severe  stage  and  we  may  now 
expect  a  period  during  which  this  pest  will  be  much  less  injurious, 
though  it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  so  far  as  individual  vine- 
yards are  concerned,  there  is  still  danger  of  severe  injury  here 
and  there  throughout  the  grape  bLdt.  It  is  therefore  most  advisable 
for  all  growers  to  keep  a  close  watch  upon  conditions  in  the  vine- 
yarc!s  so  that  destructive  tendencies  can  be  promptly  checked.  Un- 
doubtedly the  better  care  and  cultivation  given  the  vines  in  recent 
years  has  had  much  to  do  with  bringing  about  these  marked 
improvements,  since  this  treatment  has  resulted  in  a  more  vigorous 
growth  and  corresponding  resistant  powers.  It  is  well  known  that 
root  worm  injury  is  most  likely  to  be  serious  on  light  sandy  soils. 
This  is  due  partly  to  the  fact  that  the  insects  seem  to  thrive  better 
there,  and  somewhat  to  the  lower  resistance  of  the  vines,  since  we 
have  repeatedly  seen  vineyards  on  clayey  soils  infested  by  enormous 
numbers  of  root  worms  and  yet  showing  comparatively  few  signs 


38  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

of  injury.  The  latter,  we  believe,  is  due  in  large  part  to  the  in- 
creased vigor  of  the  vines  on  the  heavier  soil.  Cultivation  is  an 
important  factor  in  keeping  this  pest  in  check,  particularly  if  opera- 
tions are  so  planned  that  the  surface  soil  under  the  vines  is  thor- 
oughly stirred  at  a  time  when  the  majority  of  the  insects  are  in 
the  pupal  or  "  turtle  "  stage.  The  general  efficacy  of  good  cultural 
conditions  is  further  emphasized  by  the  fact  that  though  this  insect 
occurs  in  certain  vineyards  in  the  Hudson  river  valley,  we  have 
yet  to  hear  of  serious  injuries  in  this  latter  section  due,  we  believe, 
largely  to  the  fact  that  high  cultivation  and  good  feeding  has  been 
the  rule  for  some  years. 

Spraying  the  vineyards,  particularly  if  a  bordeaux  mixture  is 
employed,  is  exceedingly  beneficial,  not  only  because  of  the  insects 
destroyed  but  on  account  of  the  protection  afforded  from  fungous 
diseases.  It  is  by  all  means  advisable  to  use  a  poison  in  the  bor- 
deaux mixture,  since  this  destroys  a  certain  number  of  root  worm 
beetles  and  is  also  very  efficient  in  killing  the  first  generation  of  the 
berry  worm,  P  o  1  y  c  h  r  o  s  i  s    v  i  t  c  a  n  a    Clem. 

Shade  tree  insects 
White  marked  tussock  moth  (11  c  m  c  r  o  c  a  m  p  a  1  e  u  c  o  - 
stigma  Abl).  iK:  Sni.j.  This  destructive  loaf  feeder  was  very 
abundant  in  a  number  of  cities  and  villages  throughout  the  State 
last  year  and  in  some  places  it  was  present  in  considerable  nunil)ers 
the  past  season,  despite  tlie  fad  that  nian\'  of  the  c()ns])icut>us  white 
v^g  masses  were  collected  and  destroyed.  The  trees  of  the  city 
of  Albany  were  pretty  thoroughly  cleaned,  partly  by  imlividual 
work  and  partly  by  the  newly  appointed  city  forester  and  his 
nun.  This  insect  nearly  stripped  many  horse-chestnut  trees  in 
the  city  of  P.ufTahj  and  was  more  or  less  destructive  in  a  nunil)er 
of  other  cities  and  villages.  These  attacks  occur  from  year  to  year 
and  yet  no  determined  efTorts  are  made  to  check  the  nuisance,  'i'his 
species,  as  has  been  stated  many  times,  is  very  easily  controlled 
either  by  removing  and  destroying  the  egg  masses  or  by  timely 
sprayings  with  an  arsenical  poison.  The  habits  of  this  insect  are 
such  that  it  would  be  comparatively  inexpensive  to  .so  thoroughly 
clear  large  districts,  that  there  would  be  very  little  danger  of  injury 
for  a  series  of  years,  and  so  far  as  in  lividual  trees  or  groups  of 
trees  are  concerne<l,  they  can  be  protected  without  reference  to 
the  condition  of  those  acljacent  unless  the  branches  interlock.  All 
that  is  necessary  un<Ier  tliese  conditions  is  t(j  remove  the  egg  masses 


KErCRT   OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    ICJOJ  39 

and  then  prevent  the  invasion  of  other  caterpillars  by  using  a  cotton 
banti,  sticky  band  or  other  device  to  prevent  caterpillars  from  climb- 
ing the  trees  that  have  been  cleaned. 

Elm  leaf  beetle  (Galerucella  luteola  Miill.) .  This 
destructive  leaf  feeder  continues  to  hold  its  position  as  one  of  the 
most  important  insect  enemies  of  elms.  ]\Iany  magnificent  trees 
were  seriously  injured  in  Albany,  despite  the  fact  that  a  city  forester 
had  been  appointed.  Part  of  the  trouble  was  undoubtedly  due  to 
the  deceptive  character  of  the  season,  its  extreme  backwardness 
possibly  leading  some  to  believe  that  the  pest  would  not  be  par- 
ticularly destructive.  There  were  the  usual  troubles  at  the  in- 
ception of  operations  and  this  delay  was  accentuated  by  the  diffi- 
culty of  securing  properly  cinalified  men  to  do  the  actual  spraying. 
This  latter  is  very  important.  The  work  is  disagreeable  at  best 
and  only  conscientious  workmen  can  be  relied  upon  to  do  the  spray- 
ing properly.  Serious  injury  to  the  foliage  is  the  inevitable  result 
of  engaging  unskilled  help,  an:l  the  condition  of  the  trees  in  late 
summer  showed  that  in  many  instances  ths  application  must  have 
been  far  from  thorough,  not  to  mention  streets  where  no  spraying 
was  done,  owing  to  lack  of  time.  It  seems  to  be  a  custom  to  start 
one  spray  outfit  and  then,  if  the  insect  threatens  serious  injury,  to 
put  the  second  one  in  commission.  This  may  be  somewhat  eco- 
nomical of  help,  but  so  far  as  protecting-  the  trees  is  concerned,  a 
reverse  of  this  policy  would  be  decide  'ly  uK^re  beneficial.  It  woul  1 
be  much  better  to  start  two  spray  outfits  at  the  beginning  of  the 
season  and  keep  them  going  until  developments  showed  that  the 
pest  was  well  under  control,  rather  than  to  delay  and  attempt  to  kill 
the  grubs  with  poison  after  they  have  become  nearly  full  grown  and 
consequently  done  most  of  ths  damage  they  are  capable  of  inflict- 
ing. 

Many  of  the  elms  in  Troy,  Watcrvliet  and  adjacent  cities  suffered 
considerably  from  this  insect,  and  the  same  is  also  true  of  the  mag- 
nificent trees  of  Saratoga  Springs.  The  city  of  Ithaca  suffered 
greatly  frcm  tin's  pt?t,  and  unless  seme  radical  n:easures  are 
adopted,  many  of  the  elms  will  be  ruined  or  destroyed  wdthin  a  few 
years.  A  spraying  outfit  was  provided  in  this  latter  city,  through 
the  cooperation  of  public-spirited  individuals,  and  trees  sprayed  for 
all  who  w^ere  willing  to  meet  the  bare  cost  of  the  treatment.  Un- 
fortunately many  neglected  this  opwrtunity  and  as  a  consequence 
this  provision  was  not  so  beneficial  as  might  have  been  the  case. 
The  experience  of  Albany,  Troy  and  other  cities  along  the  Hudson 


40  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

valley  show  that  it  is  hy  all  means  advisable  to  adopt  adequate 
measures  at  the  outset  rather  than  to  lose  thousands  of  magnificent 
elms.  The  latter,  we  are  sorry  to  state,  appears  to  be  necessarv 
before  municipalities  appreciate  the  destructive  possibilities  of  this 
shade  tree  pest. 

Experience  has  shown  tiiat  there  is  nothing  better  for  the  control 
()!  the  elm  leaf  beetle  than  thorough  spraying  with  an  arsenical 
j^oison,  preferably  arsenate  of  lead  in  the  prepared  paste  form. 
The  essential  to  success  is  an  early  application  of  this  poison  to  the 
under  side  of  the  leaves.  It  is  necessary  that  the  spraying  be  mod- 
erately early  and,  as  a  rule,  we  have  advised  beginning  the  work  as 
soon  as  the  leaves  were  about  half  out,  owirg  to  the  fact  that  other- 
wise it  is  almost  impossible  to  get  over  most  of  the  trees  in  a  city 
before  tlie  grubs  have  attained  their  growth  and  caused  a  great  deal 
of  injury.  The  cost  of  this  treatment  is  by  no  means  excessive 
when  compared  with  the  value  of  the  trees,  h'urthermore,  the  city 
of  Albany  expended  in  1906  over  half  a  million  dollars  for  the  main- 
tenance and  improvement  of  its  streets,  exclu  !ing  sewers,  while 
less  than  one  half  of  i,*^  of  this  sum  was  devoted  to  the  protection 
of  the  trees.  This  is  relatively  much  better  than  the  amount  ex- 
pended by  many  other  cities  for  the  care  of  their  trees.  Shade 
trees  are  such  conspicuous  features  an  1  ad  1  so  greatly  to  the 
beauty  of  the  .streets  that  it  would  seen  as  tlioui^h  a  considerably 
larger  proportion  of  the  amount  ('evut-.d  to  the  maintenance  and 
improvement  of  the  streets,  might  well  be  used  for  t'.'c  protection 
of  the  trees. 

Sugar  maple  borer  (IM  a  g  i  o  n  o  t  u  s  s  p  e  c  i  o  s  u  s  Sa\- ). 
This  insect  continues  to  maintain  its  reputation  as  a  deadly  enemy 
of  the  sugar  mai)le,  deservedly  one  of  the  most  i>  )]nilar  of  our 
shade  trees.  Signs  of  its  operations  are  visible  in  many  of  the 
cites  and  villages  throughout  the  State,  and  occasionally  one  goes 
into  a  neighborlroijd  where  the  insect  lias  become  rather  abun  'ant 
and  promises  to  cause  great  injuries  in  ihe  near  future.  Such  is 
the  ca^e  at  W'i'diaiusville,  I'.rie  co.,  a  small  vilia-'e  <;n  the  Ci\i:;i: 
of  r.utValo.  Tlu're  is  a  row  of  about  50  trees  a  little  way  out  and 
on  tile  main  street,  wiiich  are  very  badly  infeste  1  by  this  borer. 
These  trees  are  25  or  30  years  of  age,  still  sha;)el\  and  in  fairly 
good  condition,  despite  the  fact  that  several  are  beginning  to  show 
the  oj)cratir)ns  of  this  insect.,  i-'ight  years  ago  this  row  of  trees 
appeared  to  be  practically  free  from  the  pest,  and  it  would  not  be 
surprising  if,  in  the  course  of  5  to  10  years,  many  of  these  young 
maples  were  |)ractically  ruined  by  this  attack. 


REPORT    or    Till-:    STATK    KXTOMOI.OCIST    I907  4I 

I'^xpcricncc  has  shown  that  it  is  comparatively  easy  to  recognize 
the  presence  of  this  insect,  particularly  in  late  fall  or  early  spring, 
at  the  time  the  young  grubs  have  just  commenced  their  operations. 
The  point  of  entrance  is  then  usually  indicated  by  a  slight  scar 
from  which  sap  may  be  oozing,  and  a  short  filament  of  borings 
dangling  therefrom.  Infested  trees  should  be  carefully  examined 
for  all  such  indications,  the  young  borers  removed  and  the  wounds 
carefully  covered  with  paint,  tar  or  other  protective  material.  A 
little  time  bestowed  upon  the  trees  in  late  fall  or  early  spring  should 
result  in  practical  immunit}-  from  injury  by  this  destructive  borer. 

Miscellaneous 

White  grubs  (L  a  c  h  n  o  s  t  e  r  n  a  f  u  s  c  a  Frohl.) .  This 
species  and  certain  of  its  allies  annually  cause  considerable  damage 
to  various  growing  crops.  The  occurrence  of  these  destructive 
grubs  in  grass  lands,  strawberry  beds,  potato  and  cornfields  and 
similar  places,  is  a  matter  of  common  observation.  The  past  sum- 
mer our  attention  was  called  to  a  unique  form  of  injury,  in  that 
these  grubs  had  destroyed  at  the  State  nurseries  located  at  Waw- 
beek,  Franklin  co.,  N.  Y.,  some  2500  to  3003  one  and  two  year 
old  white  and  Scotch  pine  seedlings.  This  form  of  injury  was  also 
observed  by  State  Forester  C.  R.'  Pettis  in  the  nurseries  located  at 
Saranac  Inn.  State  Forester  E.  S.  Woodrufif,  who  was  at  Wawbeek 
at  the  time  of  the  trouble,  informs  the  writer  that  one  grub  would 
destroy  three  or  four  seedlings  before  being  detected.  The  first 
year  seedlings  were  usually  eaten  ofif  near  the  ground  and  the 
leaves  apparently  drawn  down  into  the  burrow  and  devoured  sub- 
secpiently.  There  are  a  number  of  records  of  young  trees  being 
injured  by  white  grubs,  though  this  appears  to  be  the  first  instance 
where  this  pest  has  been  known  to  attack  the  roots  of  conifers. 

\'arious  collections  in  this  section  of  the  country  show  that  our 
most  common  species  of  Lachnosterna  is  L  .  f  u  s  c  a  Frohl.  It 
is  by  far  the  best  represented  of  any  in  the  State  collections,  and 
the  extensive  series  of  trap  lanterns  operated  at  Cornell  University 
during  1889  and  1892  show  that  8y/c  of  the  June  beetles  captured 
were  referable  to  this  form.  These  insects  are  so  familiar  as  to 
hardly  necessitate  description.  The  adult  beetle  is  a  little  less  than 
an  inch  in  length,  thick-bodied,  broadly  rounded  at  both  extremities 
and  usually  a  mahogany-brown  color.  The  familiar  white  grub  is 
well  known  as  a  stout,  curved  larva  lying  upon  its  side  and  com- 
monly found  about  the  roots  of  grasses  or  in  strawberry  betls.    The 


42  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

life  cycle  of  the  June  beetle  extends  over  several  years.  The  in- 
vestigations of  Dr  S.  A.  Forbes,  State  Entomologist  of  Illinois, 
who  has  given  particular  attention  to  these  pests,  show  that  the  life 
cycle  extends  over  a  period  of  three  years.  He  calls  attention  to 
the  fact  that  the  European  Melolontha  vulgaris  Linn, 
completes  its  life  cycle  in  three  years  if  the  season  be  moist  and 
favorable,  whereas  under  adverse  dry  conditions  the  period  mav  be 
extended  to  four  years,  and  adds  that  this  luu'opean  pest  has  a 
four  year  period  in  the  north  of  Germany  and  a  three  year  period 
in  the  south.  He  is  inclined  to  believe  that  our  American  species 
may  show  similar  variations  in  habit.  }Ie  states  that  all  of  our 
more  abundant  species  begin  to  transform  to  the  pupa  in  June  or 
July,  changing  to  the  beetle  in  August  or  September  and  then 
remain  in  the  larval  cell  till  the  following  March,  April  or  May. 
This  data  goes  to  show  that  white  grubs  occurring  in  the  earth  later 
than  the  middle  of  September  will  not  change  to  beetles  that  year, 
but  under  ordinary  circumstances  winter  as  grubs  and  continue  their 
destructive  work  till  the  following  June.  This  point  is  of  particular 
importance  to  the  owners  of  infested  fields,  since  an  examination  of 
the  land  in  the  middle  of  September  should  enable  them  to  deter- 
mine with  reasonable  accuracy  the  danger  of  injury  by  these  pests 
the  following  year.  It  is  well  known  that  the  adult  beetles  feed 
upon  the  foliage  of  a  variety  of  trees,  and  there  are  a  nund)er  of 
records  showing  severe  injury,  not  only  to  forest  trees  but  also  to 
fruit  trees,  in  which  latter  case  the  blossoms  may  be  seriously  dam- 
aged. Professor  Forbes's  observations  show  that  the  beetles  remain 
in  the  grass  fields  during  the  day  and  that  at  about  dusk  there  is  a 
simultaneous  movement  of  the  beetles  from  the  tieUl  to  the  forests. 
they  returning  again  in  very  early  morning,  ordinarily  before  4  a.  m. 
Am  ther  species,  known  as  tlie  green  June  beetle  or  lig  eater, 
Allorhina  nitida  l.iini.  deserves  notice  in  this  connection. 
because  thongh  soutlic-rn  in  distril)U(ion,  it  occurs  on  Long  Island. 
occasionally  in  great  abundance.  This  grub  closely  resembles,  in  a 
general  way,  our  ordinary  white  grub,  except  that  it  is  somewhat 
more  hairy  and  it  may  be  rea<lily  distinguished  from  oin-  luore 
c<^)mmon  species  by  its  peculiar  method  of  locomotion.  These  grubs, 
when  moving,  turn  upon  the  back  an<l  progress  in  a  peculiar  un- 
dulating mamicr  by  successive  conlractiotis  of  the  body  segments. 
This  larva,  according  to  Dr  llowarl.  unlike  the  norlhern  forms. 
freciuentlv  emerges  from  its  burrows  .-it  m'ght  and  apparenll\  is  not 
very  injurious  to  ]i\ing  ])!.ints,  since  it' has  been   found  lo  be  excep- 


Ri-:roRT  OF  Tin:  siate  I'lXToMoi.cr.isr  icpy  43 

lionall)  nunierous  in  lawns  that  presented  every  appearance  of 
being  in  excellent  condition.  The  adult  beetle  is  sometimes  very 
abundant  and  destructive  because  of  its  devouring  fruits  such  as 
apricots,  peaches,  figs,  prunes,  plums,  apples  and  grapes. 

The  June  beetles  have  a  number  of  natural  enemies.  One  of  the 
most  important  is  probably  the  malodorous  skunk,  a  mammal  which, 
when  left  to  itself,  destroys  countless  numbers  of  the  white  grubs. 
Unfortunately,  so  far  as  the  pest  under  consideration  is  concerned, 
this  natural  enemy  is  altogether  too  scarce.  The  racoon,  the  fox, 
moles  and  gophers  are  all  credited  with  feeding  upon  these  grubs. 
It  is  well  known  that  the  much  maligned  crow  feeds  upon  the  white 
grub  and  undoubtedly  renders  valuable  services  to  the  farmer  in 
this  way.  Domestic  fowls  frequently  follow  the  plow  in  search  of 
these  pests. 

This  insect  has  a  numljer  of  parasitic  forms  which  prey  upon  it. 
There  is  a  slender,  jet-black,  wasplike  creature  known  as  T  i  p  h  i  a 
i  n  o  r  n  a  t  a  Say  which  is  a  particularly  efifective  check.  This  little 
insect  enters  the  ground,  and  following  along  the  burrows  of  the 
grub,  stings  its  prey  and  deposits  its  egg  upon  the  helpless  grub. 
Another  common  parasite  of  the  white  grub  is  Ophion 
b  i  f  o  V  e  o  1  a  t  u  m  Brulle.  Professor  Forbes  has  succeeded  in 
demonstrating  the  parasitic  habits  of  M  a  c  r  o  p  h  t  h  a  1  m  a  d  i  s  - 
j  u  n  c  t  a  ,  a  small  Tachinid  which  he  has  reared  from  the  hrva. 
S  p  a  r  n  o  p  o  1  i  u  s  f  u  1  v  u  s  Wied.  is  also  a  parasite  of  this  pest, 
while  P  y  r  g  o  t  a  u  n  d  a  t  a  is  exceptionally  interesting  because  of 
its  being  parasitic  upon  the  adult  beetles. 

There  are  several  fungous  diseases  which  are  useful  in  destroying 
insects,  and  Professor  Forbes  has  conducted  some  experiments  with 
certain  of  these  forms  for  the  purpose  of  testing  their  value  under 
American  conditions.  A  number  of  grubs  were  destroyed,  but 
further  work  is  necessary  before  this  method  can  be  recommended 
for  use  under  ordinary  field  conditions.  A  most  interesting  fungus 
known  as  Cordyceps  ravenelii  Berk.,  affects  the  white 
grub,  growing  from  just  behind  its  head  and  producing  usually  two 
lo"g,  greenish  processes  much  resembling  young  seedlings;  later 
these  become  brownish.  Affected  specimens  attract  notice  because 
of  their  peculiar  appearance. 

Remedial  and  preventive  measures.  White  grubs  are  well  known 
frequenters  of  grass  lands,  and  it  is  obvious  that  considerable  injury 
can  be  avoided  by  planting  recently  turned  sod  to  some  crop  not 
likely  to  be  damaged  by  these  pests.     Corn,  for  example,  is  much 


44  NF-W    YORK    STATE    ^^l'SI^U^^ 

more  likely  to  be  affected  if  plante;!  on  sod  than  were  it  to  follow 
clover,  some  small  grain  or  even  corn.  Badly  infested  land  can  be 
cleared  to  a  considerable  extent  by  pasturing  with  hogs.  Professor 
Forbes  records  one  case  of  where  a  lo  acre  lot  was  pastured  for 
20  days  with  a  lot  of  hogs,  and  at  the  end  of  that  period  there  was 
a  reduction  of  about  S6i  in  the  number  of  grubs.  June  beetles 
deposit  their  eggs  by  preference  where  there  is  a  surface  growth  of 
vegetation,  consequently  cornfields  kept  free  of  weeds  in  June  are 
much  less  attractive  to  the  beetles  than  wee:!y  areas,  hence  clean 
cultivation  may  be  considered  an  important  factor  in  avoiding 
injury.  I'^all  plowing  is  another  measure  which  should  be  mentioned 
in  connection  with  clean  culture,  since  it  is  now  well  known  that 
many  of  the  pests  in  badly  infested  fiel  's  can  be  destroyed  in  this 
manner,  provided  they  are  in  their  pupal  cells.  This  treatment  ap- 
pears to  be  fatal  alike  to  pupae  or  recently  transformed  beetles. 
Owing  to  the  triennial  life  cycle  this  measure  would  be  most  service- 
able the  fall  before  the  beetles  are  most  abun'ant;  namely,  at  three 
year  intervals. 

White  grubs  are  occasionally  found  inllicting  serious  damage  to 
cultivated  crops  such  as  strawberries.  One  of  the  best  methods 
of  fighting  the  pests  under  such  conditions,  if  labor  is  not  too 
expensive,  is  to  simply  dig  out  an  1  destroy  the  grubs.  A  little 
experience  will  enable  an  intelligent  man  to  go  over  a  large  field 
in  a  comparatively  short  time.  White  grubs  in  nursery  beds,  as 
noted  above,  mav  be  fought  in  the  same  way.  <  r  if  the  insects  are 
too  abundant  and  the  area  too  large,  res(  rt  may  be  ha  1  to  treatment 
with  a  kerosene  emulsion.  The  standard  fonnnla  should  be  diluted 
with  about  six  parts  of  water  and  the  grouiid  on  either  side  of  the 
afifected  ])lants  thoroughly  wet  with  the  i)reparation.  This  should 
preferably  be  df)ne  a  little  l)cfore  a  rain  or  else  followed  with  a 
liberal  watering  with  a  hose.  The  latter  a;)plicalii>n  washes  the 
insectici(!e  down  and  brings  it  into  contact  with  tin-  grubs.  This 
method  has  proved  \fry  succcssfnl  in  killing  wliitc  grubs  in  lawns 
and  should  be  ecpially  effective  in  the  nin>ery  row.  Some  care 
shoidd  be  exercised  not  to  jiut  too  nnuh  of  the  mixture  about  the 
jjlant^,  as  kerosene  injudiciously  used  is  very  dangerous  to  plant 
lifi'.  I'ndfr  certain  condi-tions  it  nia\'  be  advisable  to  Like  ad- 
vantage of  the  beetles  swarming  in  trees  at  night,  from  which  they 
may  be  jarred  and  destroyed  in  large  numbers.  Many  are  also 
attracterl  to  lights  and  could  be  destroyed  in  trap  lanterns,  but 
ordinarily  these  two  latter  methods  are  not  to  be  recommended  for 
our  conditions. 


i 


rkpcjRT  of   riii':  stati-:  knto.mologist  1907  45 

Epizeuxis  denticulalis  Harw  This  species,  kindly  determined 
provisionally  as  this  fcrm  by  Dr  Dyar  of  the  United  States  National 
Miiseuni,  must  have  been  unusually  abundant  in  the  vicinity  of 
Palenville,  X.  Y.,  ju  !ging  from  the  report  sent  by  Mrs  Ililand  llill 
July  29,  1907.  She  states,  in  a  communication  written  on  that  date, 
tliat  hun(lre(!s  of  these  relatively  unknown  moths  were  upon  the 
walls  of  the  kitchen  and  they  were  also  very  abundant  about  the 
barn  and  other  outbuildings.  They  were  so  numerous  that  con- 
siderable apprehension  was  felt  lest  they  might  prove  to  be  the 
dreaded  brown  tail  uk  th.  It  is  very  probable,  considering  that  the 
larva  of  the  closely  relate  J  E  .  1  u  b  r  i  c  a  1  i  s  Geyer  feerls  upon 
grass,  that  the  caterpillar  of  this  species  may  have  similar  habits, 
though  it  is  possible  that  it  may  subsist  upon  drie  1  vegetation,  as 
has  been  recorded  of  E  .  a  emu  la  Hiibn.  The  evidence  at  haul 
would  seem  to  favor  the  latter  co;:clasion,  as  the  moths  were  ex- 
ceedingly abundant  in  the  barn  and  buildings  where  there  was  pre- 
sumably a  goodly  supply  of  dried  prcvcn'er  upon  wdiich  the  cater- 
pillars could  subsist.  Should  such  prove  to  be  the  case,  this  species 
must  be  classe:l  with  the  much  better  known  clover  hay  worm, 
Hypsopygia  cos  talis  Fabr.  as  a  species  liable  to  injure 
stored  hay.  This  last  named  species  is  occasionally  rather  abundant 
about  barns  in  New  York  State,  though  it  is  rarely  that  the  insect 
becomes  so  numerous  as  to  cause  great  injury.  The  moth  under 
discussion  has  a  wing  spread  of  about  i  to  1.2  inches.  It  is  a  vari- 
able gray,  white  marked  species  closely  related  to  E.  1  u  b  r  i  c  a  1  i  s 
Geyer,  from  which  it  may  be  separate :1,  according  to  Dr  Smith, 
by  its  dull,  pale  luteous  ground  color  powdered  with  brown  scales, 
and  the  blackish  transverse  lines.  It  is  distinguished  from  the  pale 
f<,rms  of  1  u  b  r  i  c  a  1  i  s  "  by  having  the  space  between  the  median 
and  transverse  posterior  line  dark  filled  toward  the  inner  margin, 
which  gives  the  wing  a  quite  characteristic  appearance." 

Archips  sorbiana  Hiibn.  This  species,  determined  by  Dr  H.  G. 
Dyar,  of  the  United  States  National  Museum,  by  comparison  with 
specimens  named  by  Lord  Walsingham,  was  brought  to  Albany  in 
April  1906  on  Japanese  maples  imported  direct  from  Japan,  ddie 
young  trees  were  kept  in  a  greenhouse  and  as  soon  as  it  was  learned 
that  they  were  infested,  measures  were  taken  for  the  destruction 
of  all  the  insects,  and  it  is  presumable  that  the  species  did  not 
succeed  in  establishing  itself  in  this  section  of  the  world.  As  there 
is  danger  of  similar  importations,  this  occurrence  has  been  placed 
on  record  and  a  description  of  the  adult  and  larva  prepared.     1  his 


46  XEW    YORK    STATE    MfSEUM 

form  is  widely  clistriljutcd  in  l'2ui"o;)e,  Asia  and  eastward  to  Japan. 
It  has  been  recorded  by  Meyrick^  as  common  in  England  and  cen- 
tral Europe.  He  states  that  the  larvae  feed  on  oak,  birch,  hazel 
etc.,  while  Rouast-  has  recorded  it  as  feeding  upon  pear,  cherry  and 
oak.  The  larvae  drew  the  leaves  of  the  Japanese  maple  together 
into  an  irregular,  somewhat  cornucopia-shaped  mass  in  which  they 
transformed  to  the  pupa. 

The  adult  moth  has  a  wing  spread  of  ^4  of  an  inch  and  the  gen- 
eral plan  of  markings  is  somewhat  similar  to  our  native  A  r  c  h  i  p  s 
argyros])ila  \\'alk.,  t/.ough  t'/ie  ge:ieral  color  is  much  ('arker. 
The  antennae,  head  and  thtrax  are  a  rather  dark  fulvous  brown, 
particularly  the  latter.  The  forewings  are  a  dark  re  Idish  brown 
and  a  light  yellowish  brown,  with  narrow,  transverse  purplish 
brown  markings  at  tlie  extremity.  There  is  a  variable  dark  brown 
stripe  along  the  basal  third  of  tlie  costal  margin,  endiiiv;-  in  a 
rather  broad,  oblique,  dark  re  Idisli  brown  and  yellowish  brown 
stripe  extending  nearly  across  the  wing  to  the  outer  angle.  There 
is  a  distinct  semioval,  dark  brown  mark  on  the  distal  third  of  the 
anterior  margin,  which  latter  is  continued  as  an  in;listinct  lighter, 
yellowish  brown,  tapering  mark  nearly  to  the  posterior  border  of 
the  wing.  The  basal  third  of  the  wing  and  the  portion  lying  be- 
tween the  oblique  mark  is  a  variable  yellowish  br(~)wn  with  i  ■'.ter- 
mixel  purplish  brown  scales.  The  ti])  of  the  wing,  exceot  that 
part  shaded  by  the  outer  oblic[uc  line,  is  yellowish  brown  with  the 
veins  and  a  series  of  irregular,  r.arrow,  transverse  lines  mrre  or 
less  distinctly  marked  by  purplish  scales,  llind  wings  dark  pur- 
plish brown,  fringe  of  both  wings  ])ale  yellow  ish  brown.  Abdomen 
a  variable  yellowish  rr  yellowish  brown  and  posteriorly  (Uiia- 
mented  with  long  tufts  of  yellowish  brown  scales. 

This  moth  differs  from  the  native  species  at  hand  by  its  darker 
color  in  eonne.-tion  with  the  narrow,  irregular,  transver-c  li'ic^  on 
the  outer  ])irtion  of  the  wing. 

'J'hc  larva  is  about  i  incii 

darker;   thoracic   shield  ligh. ,. 

dark  brown  or  black.     I'ody  ('ark  olivaceous,  willi  a  sub  lorsal  row 


The  larva  is  about  I  incii  long.      I  U  adligbi  and)cr.  nioulli   parts 
larkcr ;   thoracic   shield  light  anibn-,   literal   and   jioslerioi-   margins 


(lark  Ijrown  or  l)lack.  Jlody  (lark  olivaceous,  willi  a  suh  lorsal  row 
of  distinct  whitish  tubercles,  dorsal  vessel  slightly  darker;  lateral 
ridge  and  ventral  surface  semitransparent,  yellowish  green.  True 
legs  black,  prolegs  whitish  transparent.  The  caterpillar  is  sjxirsely 
clothed  witli  fine,  whitish  hairs.  Lateral  and  subventral  tubercles 
inconspicuous,  as  they  are  concolorous  with  the  paler  porti(jns  of 
the  larva.  Some  of  the  larvae  are  sttmewhat  lighter,  having  lighter, 
subdorsal  stripes,  and  in  one  smaller  individual  the  dorsum  is  very 
little  darker  than  the   venter,  with  darker,  indistinct,  broken,  sub- 


'A  Handlxfik  nf  I'.iitisli  Lcpidoptcra.  1^95.  p.  531. 

2  iSS,^    f;il;il<>;.i!.    .1.^    Ch.-nill..^    l-nmp.'nii'--    (■..niin.>-.    p.    127. 


KKl'OKT    OF    Till-:    STATK    KXTO.Mi  )I.()C.I.ST    KJOJ  47 

lateral  stripes.  Another  larva,  probably  belonging  to  the  same 
species  though  feeding  up:)n  a  different  maple,  presented  the  follow- 
ing characteristics.  Head  light  amber,  mouth  parts  darker;  thoracic 
shield  dark  amber  with  the  lateral  and  posterior  margins  a  dark 
green.  Body  a  dark  olivaceous  green  with  conspicuous,  whitish, 
round,  subdorsal  tubercles,  these  latter  being  large  enough  so  as  to 
suggest,  in  certain  lights,  a  light,  subdorsal  stripe ;  lateral  ridge 
ana  ventral  surface  yellowish  transparent,  tubercles  thereon  equally 
as  prominent  as  those  in  the  subdorsal  region  but  less  conspicuous, 
as  they  are  unicolorous.  True  legs  sooty  transparent,  black  at 
the  articulations,  prolegs  concolorous  with  the  ventral  surface. 
This  larva  is  sparsely  clothed  with  very  long,  slender,  whitish  hairs. 
Described  from  a  single  living  specimen,  which  may  prove  to  be 
a  younger  stage  of  the  form  characterized  above. 

Birch  leaf  Bucculatrix  (Bucculatrix  canadensisella 
Chamb.).  This  insect  was  extremely  abundant  in  New  York  State 
during  the  fall  of  1901,  at  which  time  a  very  considerable  proportion 
of  the  birch  foliage  was  thoroughly  skeletonized.  Its  work  in  that 
year  was  observed  throughout  the  western  two  thirds  of  Massa- 
chusetts as  well  as  in  the  eastern  and  northern  parts  of  New  York 
State. 

This  species  was  present  September  18,  1907,  in  large  numbers 
at  Arlington,  Staten  Island,  where  a  considerable  proportion  of  the 
birches  had  the  leaves  seriously  afifected.  The  insect  appeared  to 
be  numerous  over  an  extensive  tract,  many  of  the  trees  being  well 
dotted  with  the  characteristic,  circular,  white,  pseudo  cocoons  of 
the  larvae.  None  had  constructed  the  peculiar  ribbed,  white  co- 
coons in  which  the  species  hibernates. 

Leucobrephos  brephoides  Walker.  The  year  of  1907  was  made 
notable  by  Dr  Theodore  P.  Bailey  of  Albany  taking  in  April,  two 
specimens  of  this  rare  species  in  St  Lawrence  county.  Dr  Bailey 
was  fishing  and  his  attention  was  attracted  to  these  rapid  flying 
moths  hovering  over  some  stones  near  a  stream.  The  insect,  kindly 
determined  by  Dr  H.  G.  Dyar  of  the  United  States  National 
Museum,  is  extremely  rare  in  collections,  not  being  represented  by 
specimens  in  either  the  National  Museum  or  the  New  York  State 
collections  prior  to  this  season.  The  moth  [pi.  2,  fig.  i]  has  a  wing 
spread  of  almost  one  inch,  is  dark  brown,  the  forewings  being 
marked  with  a  broad,  angulate,  yellowish  white  subterminal  line, 
while  the  hind  wings  bear  an  irregular,  large,  angulate,  yellowish 
white  blotch  near  the  middle.  The  antennae  of  the  male  are  pecti- 
nate while  the  body  is  thickly  clothed  with  long,  dark  brown  hairs. 
Dr  James  Fletcher  of  Canada  records  taking  this  species  April  16 


48  NEW    YORK    STATE    MISEUM 

in  the  Yukon  territory  and  states  that  lie  has  two  specimens  of  the 
dark  form  taken  in  Labrador  in  1894.  The  achilts  are  quite  active 
an  1  owing  to  their  being  abroad  so  early  in  the  season  may  have 
been  frequently  overlooked  by  collectors.  A  close  ally,  B  r  e  p  h  o  s 
i  n  f  a  n  s  Moschler,  occurs  in  early  spring  in  the  vicinity  of  Albany 
and  is  quite  different  from  this  circumpolar  species,  it  being  larger, 
with  reddish  brown  tints,  and  on  its  hind  wings  a  deep  orange 
colored  area,  the  latter  curiously  margaine  1  in  the  anal  region  by 
a  triangular,  dark  brown  area  and  with  a  small,  oval,  dark  brown 
area  near  the  discal  cell. 

Periodical  cicada  (T  i  b  i  c  e  n  s  c  p  t  c  n  d  c  c  i  m  Linn.).  The 
occurrence  of  the  periodical  cicada  is  of  exceptional  interest  on 
account  of  the  prolonged  interval  occurring  between  broods.  The 
conditions  on  Staten  Island  appear  to  be  unusually  interesting. 
There  was,  it  will  be  remembered,  a  large  brood  on  Long  Island  in 
1906  and  one  pupa  was  discovered  on  Staten  Island  by  Mr  William 
T.  Davis  and  in  June  he  heard  an  insect  call  at  Richmond  valley. 
This  species  was  evidently  numerous  on  Staten  Island  in  1907.  This 
brood  appears  to  have  escaped  notice  prior  to  1890,  at  which  time 
Mr  Davis  found  three  pupal  skins  at  New  Brighton  and  an  adult 
was  seen  by  his  sister  on  a  tree  trunk.  A  specimen  was  also 
observed  by  Mr  Leng  near  the  Moravian  cemetery.  The  following 
observations  upon  the  occurrence  of  this  insect  in  1907  are  tran- 
scribed from  Mr  Davis's  notes : 

From  the  records  of  1890  it  was  to  be  supposed  that  some 
evidence  of  the  small  and  scattered  brood  of  the  periodical  cicada, 
now  known  as  no.  15,  would  be  found  in  1907  on  the  island,  and 
in  the  neigh1x>ring  parts  of  Xew  Jersey.  On  ]\Iarch  31st  Mr 
Alanson  Skinner  gave  mc  a  puna  that  he  had  foimd  under  a  stone 
at  Wooflrow.  On  June  22d  T  heard  several  17-year  cicadas  singing 
in  the  trees  at  Woodrow  and  vicinity,  and  found  two  pupa  skins 
on  an  apple  tree  on  the  farm  of  Mr  Isaac  Wort.  Mr  Wort  had 
also  heard  the  cicatlas  at  various  times,  and  he  j^resentetl  me  with 
a  pupa  that  he  had  found  some  time  before  my  visit.  The  fol- 
low^ing  day  a  cicada  was  heard  at  Watchogue  at  the  other  end 
of  the  island.  Later  in  the  summer,  while  with  Mr  ITeiiry  Bird 
in  the  Close  valley,  we  each  found  a  pupa  skin  of  the  17-year 
cicada.  Mr  Charles  P.  Benedict  informs  me  that  lie  found  in 
June  several  pupa  skins  as  well  as  fidly  develoiicd  cicadas  at  his 
home  on  the  IVlanor  Road,  West   New   r.righton. 

In  New  Jersey  the  17-ycar  cicada  occurred  at  Wc^l field,  l^Iain- 
ficld  aufl  Newfoundland. 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  foregoing  that  the  individuals  were 
qu'te  numerous  aid  no  doubt  sufficiently  so  to  insure  the  insect's 
a))pcarance  in   1924. 


RKFCRT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  49 

The  above  records  seem  to  establish  beyond  question  the  identity 
of  a  brood  which  has  liitherto  been  ignored.  The  insects  can 
hardly  be  considered  as  stragglers  from  the  brood  of  the  preceding 
year  since  they  were  more  abundant  in  1907.  It  is  interesting  in 
this  connection  to  note  that  Mr  Davis  records  the  presence  in  1892 
of  several  cicadas  at  West  New  Brighton,  Logan  Springs  and  Ross- 
ville,  and  we  therefore  should  expect  some  to  appear  in  1909, 
another  year  when  the  presence  of  the  17-year  race  has  not  been 
recorded.  Furthermore,  ]\Ir  Davis  states  that  cicadas  were  fairly 
numerous  June  11,  i^gs,  near  Willow  brook  and  later  along  Logan 
spring  brook.  Specimens  were  also  taken  at  West  New  Brighton. 
These  latter  may  be  precursors  of  the  large  brood,  number  2,  due. 
to  appear  in  191 1. 


50  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

LIST  OF  PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  ENTOMOLOGIST 
The  following  is  a  list  of  the  principal  publications  of  the  Ento- 
mologist during  the  year  1907.  Forty-one  are  given  with  title,^ 
time  of  publication  and  a  summary  of  the  contents  of  each.  Volume 
and  page  number  are  separated  by  a  colon,  the  first  superior  figure 
gives  the  column  and  the  second  the  exact  place  in  the  column  in 
ninths;  e.  g.  71  s^yi^^  means  volume  71,  page  969,  column  2,  in  the 
seventh  ninth,  i.  e.  a  little  more  than  two  thirds  of  the  way  down. 

Scurfy  Scale.     Country  Gentleman,  Oct.  18,  1906,  71:969-^ 

Spraying  in  early  spring  with  a  contact  insecticide  is  advised  for  the  scurfy 
scale,    Chionaspis   furfura    Fitch. 

Celery    Blight    and    Scale.     Country    Gentleman,    Oct.    18,    1906, 
71  1971^^ 

The  San  Jose  scale,  Aspidiotus  perniciosus  Comst.  is  identified 
and  thorough  spraying  with  a  lime-sulfur  wash  advised. 

Canker  Worms   in   Orchard.   Country   Gentleman,   Dec.   20,   1906, 
71:1187'^ 

Remedies  discussed  with  special  reference  to  banding  materials,  particu- 
larly "tree  tanglefoot." 

Squash  Bug.    Country  Gentleman,  Dec.  27,  1906,  71  :i2o8'''° 

This  insect,  Anas  a  tristis  DeGeer,  is  identified  and  its  life  history 
and  remedial  measures  briefly  discussed. 

Tree  Bands.     Country  Gentleman,  Jan.  3,  1907,  72  iS-'* 

Brief  discussion  of  banding  materials  with  special  reference  to  canker 
worms. 

New  Species  of  Cccidomyiidae.     N.  Y.  State  Mus.  Bui.  1 10.     22(1 
Report  of  the  State  Entomologist  1906.    Separate,  p.  1-53.     1907. 
Issued  Jan.  30,   1907. 
Describes  179  new  species. 

The  Gipsy  and  Brown  Tail  Moths.     Rural  New  Yorker,  Feb.  2, 
1907,  C6:86 

Summary  statement  of  the  injurious  nature  of  Porthctria  dispar 
Linn,  and  Euproctis  chrysorrhoca  Linn,  with  special  reference 
to  the  farmer  and  fruit  grouir. 

'Titles  arc  K'ven  a>  published  and  in  some  instances  they  have  been 
changed  or  sup[tlieil  by  the  edilirs  <if  the  various  pai)ers. 


REPORT   OF   THE   STATE    ENTOMOLOGIS'i 


[907 


51 


Insects  Affecting  Park  and  Woodlantl   Trees.     New   York   State 
Mus.  Mem.  8,  2:333-877 

Issued  Feb.  25,  1907. 

Contents 


PAGE 

Insects     of     minor     importance 
affecting  forest  trees  (cail'd) 

Fungous    beetles    494 

Natural      enemies      of      bark 

borers 499 

Leaf    eaters    affecting    decidu- 
ous forest  trees  ; .   306 

Frequenters,     usually     injurious, 

of  deciduous  forest  trees 588 

Frequen'.crs,     usually     beneficial, 

of  deciduous  forest  trees 603 

Plant  galls  and  gall  makers 615 

Less    destructive    insects    affect- 
ing   evergreen    or    coniferous 

•  trees    648 

Supplemental    bibliographic    and 

descriptive  catalogue  701 

Explanation    of   plates 757 

Index    801 


Enemies    of    evergreen    or    co- 
niferous trees Z2)?> 

Work     of     bark     borers     in 

pino    333 

Certain   structures   of   scoly- 

tids  336 

Borers 338,  341 

Twig  borers  339.  397 

Ambrosia  beetles  394 

Leaf  feeders    340,  4^3 

Insects     of     minor     importance 

affecting  forest  trees 426 

Insects      affecting      deciduous 

trees  426 

Borers  in  living  or  relatively 

sound  wood  or  bark 426 

Borers     in     dried,      usually 

manufactured  wood... 430,  483 
Borers  in  decaying  wood  or 
species  found  under  decay- 
ing bark  430,  484 

Bark  Louse.     Country  Gentleman,  Apr.  4,  1907,  71  :336^^ 

Methods  of  control  for  the  apple  bark  louse  or  oyster  scale,    L  e  p  i  d  o  - 
s  a  p  h  e  s    u  1  m  i .  Linn,  discussed  briefly. 

Gall  Gnats  or  Cecidomyiidae.     Canadian  Entomologist,  39:143-44 
Brief  account  of  the  group  with  special  reference  to  methods  of  colleciing. 

Fleas.     Country  Gentleman,  Apr.  18,  1907,  72:384"*' 
Brief  discussion  of  remedial  measures  with  special  reference  to  barns. 

White   Grubs  and  Wire   Worms.     Country  Gentleman,  Apr.  25, 
1907,  72:421^^ 

A  summary  discussion  of  the  life  history  and  habits  of  these  pests  with 
special  reference  to  control  measures. 

Scale  and  Plant  Lice.     Country  Gentleman,  Apr.  25,  1907,  72  :42i2« 

Brief   economic    notice    of    the    scurfy    scale,     Chionaspis     furfura 
Fitch  and  of  apple  apliids. 

Protect  the  Trees.     Al])any  Evening  Journal,  Apr.  25,  1907;  New 
York  Tribune,  Apr.  29,  1907;  Poughkeepsie  Eagle,  Apr.  29,  1907; 


52 


NEW  YORK   STATS   MUSKUAE 


Buffalo  Courier,  Apr.  29,  1907;  Rochester  Democrat  and  Chroni- 
cle, May  16,  1907,  and  a  number  of  other  papers. 

A  warning  notice  respecting  the  ehn  leaf  beetle,  G  a  1  e  r  u  c  c  1  1  a  1  u  t  e  o  !  a 
Mitll.  and  the  white  marked  tussock  moth,  H  e  m  e  r  o  c  a  ni  p  a  1  c  u  c  o  - 
stigma    Abb.  &  Sm. 

Two  Destructive  Borers.     Suburban  Life,  ]\Iay  1907,  4:300^^ 

Brief  general  account  of  the  sugar  maple  borer,  P  I  a  g  i  0  n  o  t  n  s 
speciosus    Saj'  and  the  leopard  moth.    Z  e  u  ;c  c  r  a    p  y  r  i  n  a    Fabr. 

White  Marked  Tussock  Moth  and  Elm  Leaf  Beetle.     (H  e  m  e  r  o  - 
campa      leucostigma      Abb.     &     Sm.,     Galerucella 
luteola   Miill.)     N.  Y.  State  Mus.  Bui.  109,  Entomology  27. 
1907. 
Issued  May  10,  p.  1-31,  8  pi.  (2  colored). 


Contents 


Introduction 

White  marked  tussock  moth 

Description   

Life  history  and  habits.  . .  . 

Food  plants    

Natural  enemies  

Remedies  


P.\CE 

5 


PACE 

I-'lm  leaf  beetle   Q 

Food  plants    10 

Distribution   10 

Description  10 

Life  history 12 

Natural  enemies   i.^ 

Remedial  measures 13 

Explanation  of  plates 15 

Index    31 


Gipsy  and  IVown  Tail  Moths.     Country  (lontlcman.  May  16,  1907, 
72:48311 

A  summarized  discussion  of  the  Massachusetts'  report  on  work  against 
these  insects,  (  P  o  r  t  h  e  t  r  i  a  d  i  s  p  a  r  l.inn.,  V.  u  p  r  o  c  t  i  s  c  h  r  y  s  o  r  - 
rhoca    Linn.)   during  1906. 


Report    of    the    Committee    on    Entoinoldgy. 
Growers  Ass'n  PrQc.   1907,  p.  25  28 


Notes     and     observations     on     tlu 
D  a  f  a  n  a    m  i  n  i  s  t  r  a  Abb.  &   Sm 


N.    Y.    Stale    I'Vuit 


il)l)K'     tree    catirpillar, 


yi'llnw-necked 

the  red-humped  apple  tree  caterpillar, 
Schizura  concinna  Abb.  &  Sm..  the  gipsy  moth,  Porthetria 
d  is  par  Linn.,  the  brown  tail  moth,  F,  u  p  r  o  c  t  i  s  cbrysorrhoea 
Linn.,  oriental  slug  cateriiiil.ir,  Cnidocampa  flavesccns  Walk., 
scurfy  scale,  Cliionaspis  furfura  Mtch,  San  Jose  scale,  A  s  p  i  d - 
iotus  pcrniciosus  Comst.,  and  the  grape  root  worm,  1""  i  d  i  a 
viticida  Walsh. 


UliPORT    OF   TllK    STATK    ENTOMOI-OCIST    19(37  '  53 

Three   Imported   Pests.      N.   Y.   State   Fruit  Growers  Ass'n   Proc. 

1907,  p.  144-49 

A  summarized  discussion  of  tlic  gipsy  moth,  Porthctria  dispar 
Linn.,  the  brown  tail  motli,  E  u  p  r  o  c  t  i  s  c  li  r  y  s  o  r  r  li  o  c  a  Linn.,  and 
the  oriental  slug  caterpillar,    C  n  i  d  o  c  a  m  pa    f  1  a  v  0  s  c  c  n  s    Walk. 

C  e  c  i  d  o  m  y  i  a    a  c  a  r  i  v  o  r  a    ii.  sp.     Entomological  News,  June 
1907,  17:242 
Original  description. of  both  sexes  and  larva. 

Cecidomyiidae :    A  Statement.     Canadian  Entomologist,  June  1907, 
39:197-98 

Summary  statement  of  our  plans  and  methods  of  work  in  this  group. 

Two  Common  Orchard  Scales.  Country  Gentleman,  June  6,  1907, 
72  :552" 

Summary  account  with  remedies,  of  .the  scurfy  bark  louse,  C  h  i  o  n  a  s  p  i  s 
f  u  r  f  u  r  a    Fitch  and  the  r.pple  bark  louse,  L  e  p  i  d  o  s  a  p  h  e  s    u  1  m  i    Linn. 

Wheel  Bugs.  Country  Gentleman,  June  20,  1907,  J^  :593^^ 
Brief  general  notice  of  wheel  bugs,    A  r  i  1  u  s    c  r  i  s  t  a  t  u  s    Linn. 

\\'hale  Oil  Soap.    Country  Gentleman,  June  27,  1907,  72  :6i8-'* 

Observation  on  composition  and  preparation  of  this  insecticide. 

Beet  Leaf  Miner.     Country  Gentleman,  July  4,  1907,  72:638^^ 

Brief  economic  account  of  the  beet  leaf  miner,  Pegomyia  vicina 
Lintn. 

Apple  Maggot  or  Railroad  Worm.  Country  Gentleman,  July  4, 
1907,  72:640^*^ 

A  brief  general  account  of  the  apple  maggot  or  railroad  worm,  R  h  a  g  o  - 
1  c  t  i  s    p  o  m  o  n  e  1 1  a    Walsh,  with  special  reference  to  repressive  measures. 

Shade  Tree  Protection.  Albany  Argus,  July  7;.  Albany  Evening 
Journal,  July  8 ;  Troy  Times,  July  8 ;  Troy  Press,  July  8 ;  Cohoes 
Dispatch,  July  8;  Glens  Falls  Times,  July  9;  Times  Union 
(Albany),  July  9;  Mechanicville  Mercury,  July  13 

Brief  w^arning  notice  respecting  the  w-hite  marked  tussock  moth.  IT  e  m  - 
erocampa  leucostigma  Abb.  & .  Sm.  and  the  elm  leaf  beetle, 
G  a  1  e  r  u  c  e  1  1  a    1  u  t  c  o  1  a     Miill. 

Apple  Plant  Lice.     Country  Gentleman.  July  11,  1907,  72:658-''*' 

Brief  general  economic  notice  of  apple  plant  lice  with  special  refer- 
ence to  the  rosy  aphis,  A  p  h  i  s    pomi    DeG. 


54 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


MottleJ  Willow  Borer.    Coiintr\'  Gentleman,  July  ir,  1907,  72:660" 

Brief    general    account    of    the    mottled    vvilliw    borer,    C  r  y  p  t  o  r  h  y  n - 
eh  us    lapathi     Linn,   with   special    reference    to   methnds   of   cimtroj. 

22d  Report  of  the  State  Entomologist  on  the  Injuriotis  antl  Other 
Insects  of  the  State  of  New  York.     N.  Y.  State  Mus.  Dul.  no, 
Entomology  28,  p.  37-186,  pi.  1-3,  1906. 
Issued  July   16,  1907. 


Contents 


Introduction   39 

Fruit  tree  insects   39 

Shade  tree  problem 40 

Gipsy  and  brown  tail  moths.  ..  40 

Aquatic   insects 41 

Gall    midges 41 

Publications  42 

Collections   42 

Office  work 43 

Nursery  certificates 43 

Voluntary   observers 44 

General    44 

Notes  for  the  year   45 

Fruit   insec'.s 45 


r.xcE 


Notes   for  the  year    {cciitiiiucd) 

Garden  insects 53 

Shade  tree  insects 54 

Forest  insects 5^ 

Miscellaneous 50 

Voluntary  entomological  service.  65 
List  of  publications  of  tlic  Ento- 
mologist   6'^ 

Contributions  to  collection 7S 

-Appendix 97 

New  species  of  Cecidomyiidae.  . .  97 

Addenda  14^ 

Explanation    of    plates 167 

Index    173 


The  Elm  Leaf  Beetle.     The  Troy  (N.  Y.)  Times,  Jtily  18,  1907 

A     summarized     account    of    the     elm    leaf    beetle,     G  a  1  e  r  u  c  e  11  a 
luteola  Miill.  with  special  reference  to  methods  of  control. 

Root  Worms  and  Other  Insects  in  Chatitauqiia  Vineyards.  Grajie 
Belt  (Dinikirk,  N.  Y.)  Jtily  19,  1907,  p.  i  ;  Jamestown  Journal, 
July   19 

A   summary   account   of  present  conditions  with    special    reference   to   the 
work  of  grape  root  worms,    F  i  d  i  a    v  i  t  i  c  i  d  a  Walsh. 

The   Welfare   of   Our   Shade  Trees.     Troy  Times,   Aug.   7,    1907; 
Albany  Evening  Journal,  Aug.  7;  Amsterc'am  Recorder,  Aug.  10; 
Niagara   Ealls   Journal,   Aug.    12;   Olcan   Times,   Aug.    14,   and 
several  other  papers 
A  brief  plea  for  the  better  pn.teciiiiii   jf  shade  trees  in  cities  and  villages 

I'.ag  Worm,     (j)inilry  ricntleman.  Aug.   15.   1907,  72:758*" 

P.rief  general  notice  of  the  bag  worm,    T  h  y  r  i  d  o  p  t  e  r  y  x    e  p  h  e  m  e  r  - 
a  e  f  o  r  m  i  s    Haw.  with  special  reference  to  control  measures. 


Ur.PORT    OF    THE    STATF.    F.XTOMOLnCIST    I907  55 

Squasli  15i)rer.      (."ountry  (Icntlciiian,  Aiiij;-.  11,  1907,  72:778'^ 

TIic  eniploy.iicnt  of  trap  vines  si^ppk-nienlf:!  hy  cutting  f  ut  and  dcstrnyin'^ 
the  borers  is  advised  tor  the  squash  borer,  ]\I  e  1  i  t  t  i  a  s  a  t  y  r  i  n  i  f  u  r  ni  i  s 
Hiibn. 

Horticulture:  Diseases  and  Pests.  N.  Y.  State  Lib.  Bui.  113. 
Legis.  33.     1907.     p.  64-65 

Issued  Sept.  A-  1007. 

Review  of  leoislation  for  1906. 

P(;tato  Bugs.     Country  Clentleiuan,  .Sept.  12,  1907,  72:861"^ 

Observatit.ns  en  tlie  local  abundance  of  potato  beetles,  Doryphora 
d  e  c  i  ni  1  i  n  e  a  t  a    Say  and  the  effect  of  paris  green  on  potato  l)light. 

Mag  Worms.     Country  Gentleman,  Sept.   12,   1907,  72 :86i'*'* 

The  habits  of  bag  worms,  T  h  y  r  i  d  o  p  t  e  r  y  .k  e  p  h  e  m  c  r  a  e  f  o  r  in  i  s 
Haw.  are  outlined  and  remedial  measures  briefly  given. 

What  Makes  Hickory  Galls.     Gar.Ien  Magazine,  Oct.  1907,  p.  154- 

55 

Brief  life  histor}-  of  the  hickory  gall  aphid.  Phylloxera  caryac- 
c  a  u  1  i  s    Fitch  with  discussion  of  remedial  measures. 

Mole  Cricket.     Country  Gentleman,  Oct.  3,  1937,  72:928''^^ 

t'ricf  general  descriptive  accinint  of  the  mole  cricket,  G  r  y  1  1  o  t  a  1  p  a 
b  o  r  e  a  1  i  s    Burm. 

Gipsy  Moth  (Porthetria  d  i  s  p  a  r  Linn.)  Report  of  the 
Commissioner  for  the  Suppression  of  the  Gipsy  and  Brown  Tail 
Cloths    (R.  L),   1905,  p.  71-72 

Supi^.rcssion  rather  tlian  ex'.ernii:ia;i<.n  is  advocated  where  there  is  a  large 
infested  area. 


56  NEW    YORK    STATR    MUSEUM 


COXTRIBL'TIOXS    TO   COLLECTION.  OCT.    15,    1906-OCT. 
14,  1907 
The   following  is  a  list  of  the  more  important  additions  to  the 
collections.      * 

DONATION 
Hymenoptera 

Sphcx  ichneumonea  Linn.,  aduh,  Aug.  20,  Miss  Hazel  C.  Hil- 
ton, Old  Chatham,  N.  Y. 

Pelecinus  polyturator  Dru.,  adult,  Sept.  5.  L.  F.  Brown, 
Cobleskil),  N.  Y; 

Andricus  s  e  m  i  n  a  t  o  r  Harr.,  wool  sower,  gall  on  oak,  June  10, 
from  Washington,  D.  C.  and  A.?  petiolicola  Bass.,  oak  leal  stalk 
gall,  June  23,  from  East  Orange,  N.  J.;  both  from  Miss  E.  G.  Mitchell, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

A  .  s  i  n  g  u  1  a  r  i  s  Bass.,  cak  leaf  apple  gall  on  oak,  June  17  ;  R  Ii  o  d  i  t  c  s 
hi  col  or  Harr.,  spiny  bullet  gall  on  rose,  June  17,  from  Shushan,  N.  Y., 
S.  H.  Burnham,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Coleoptera 

Xyleborus  dispar  Fabr.,  pear  blight  beetle,  adult  on  peach. 
June  4,  Virgil  Bogue,  Albion,  N.  Y. 

Lachnosterna?  fusca  Froh.,  May  beetle,  larvae  attacking 
roots  of  seedling  pines,  Aug.  19,  C.  R.  Pettis,  Lake  Cle.ir  Junction.  N.  Y. 
Same,  larvae  on  roots  of  evergreens,  .\ug.  27,  E.  S.  Woodruff,  Wawbeek, 
i\.  Y. 

P  1  c  s  i  o  c  i  s  c  r  i  b  r  u  m  ?  Casey,  adult  on  Polyporus  on  spruce,  May 
21,  from  Woburn,  Mass.     C.  H.  Peck,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

A  c  o  p  t  u  s  s  u  t  u  r  a  1  i  s  Lee. ;  ^  P  i  a  z  u  r  u  s  o  c  u  1  a  t  u  s  Say : 
C  o  n  o  t  r  a  c  h  e  I  u  s  a  n  a  g  1  y  p  t  i  c  u  s  Say  ;  I  p  li  t  Ii  i  ni  u  s  o  p  a  c  u  s 
I  .cc. ;  O  n  c  i  d  c  r  e  s  c  i  n  g  u  1  a  t  a  Say ; '  D  o  r  c  u  s  ]>  a  r  a  1  1  e  1  u  s  S:iy ; 
C  o  r  y  m  b  i  t  e  s  h  a  m  a  t  u  s  Say ;  G  e  o  p  i  n  u  s  i  n  c  r  a  s  s  a  t  u  s  Dcj. ; 
I J  i  c  a  e  1  u  s  d  i  1  a  t  a  t  u  s  Say ;  N  o  t  i  o  p  h  i  1  u  s  s  i  b  i  r  i  c  u  s  Mots. ; 
C  a  1  o  s  n  m  a  e  x  t  c  r  n  u  m  Say;  C  a  r  a  b  u  s  s  e  r  r  a  t  u  s  Say;  Jan.  21, 
all  from  R.  F.  Pearsall,  P.rooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Charles  P.  Alexander,  Gloversville,  N.  Y.  has  contributed  a  number  <>f 
•  IM  lies.  Mime  extremely  desirable,  in  return  for  numerous  identifications. 

Diptera 

D  1  f  e  r  s  i  a  a  m  c  r  i  c  a  n  a  Le.uli.  a<lult  <>n  l)arred  owl,  Oct.  25.  D.  W. 
Alcott,  l"asl  Grccnbusli,  N.  Y. 

A  K  r  ri  m  y  z  a  a  e  n  <•  i  v  e  n  I  r  i  s  l-alj..  larvae,  Nov.  1 1,  Miss  C.  H.  Clarke, 
Boston,  Mass. 

Try  pet  a  bigeloviac  Ckll.,  galls,  June  2^,  from  llorissant.  Col. 
T.  D.  A.  Cockerel],  Boulder,  Col 

A  nundnr  of  Cieidomyiid  galls,  L.  H.  Joutel,   New  York,  N.   Y. 


REPORT    OF    Tin-:    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  57 

A  niunhcr  of  Cecidomyiidae.  ni<istly  bred  species,  Dr  M.  T.  Thompson, 
lately   deceased,   formerly   of   Clark   University,   Worcester,   Mass. 

Cecidomyiid  galls  taken  mostly  in  the  vicinity  of  Magnolia,  Mass.,  a 
few  near  Boston,  Miss  Cora  H.  Clarke,  Boston,  Mass. 

Numerous   Cecidomyiidae,   Owen   Bryant,   Cohasset,  Mass. 

Cecidomyiid  galls,  mostly  from  the  vicinity  of  Washington,  Miss 
Evelyn  G.  Mitchell,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Cecidomyiidae  from  Kansas  and  Texas,  E.  S.  Tucker,   Piano,  Tex. 

Cecidomyiid  galls  and  adults,  Prof.  T.  D.  A.  Cockerell,  Boulder,  Col. 

Several  Cecidomyiid  galls,  Dr  James  Fletcher,  Central  Experimental 
Farms,  Ottawa,  Can. 

Numerous  Cecidomyiid  galls,  Prof.  T.  D.  Jarvis,  Ontario  Agricultural 
College,  Guelph,  Ont. 

A  number  of  Cecidomyiid  galls,  T.  N.  Willing,  Regina,   Sask.,  N.  W.  T. 

A  number  of  Cecidomjnid  galls  and  bred  adults,  Norman  Criddle, 
Treesbank,  Manitoba,   Can. 

Cecidomyia  verrucicola  O.  S.,  linden  leaf  gall,  galls  on  lin- 
den or  basswood,  Nov.  14,  J.  Howell,  Highland  Falls,  N.  Y. 

A  s  p  h  o  n  d  y  1  i  a  c  o  n  s  p  i  c  u  a  O.  S.,  galls  and  larvae  on  R  u  d  - 
b  c  c  k  i  a    1  a  c  i  n  i  a  t  a.    Aug.  18,  W.  S.  Fisher,  High  Spire,  Pa. 

Neocerata  rhodophaga  Coq.,  adult  and  larva(,',  Dec.  8,  Prof. 
S.  A.  Forbss,  Urbana,  111. 

Taeniorhynchus  perturbans  Walk.,  adults,  July  30; 
Fucorethra  underwoodi  Undw.,  larvae,  Aug.  28,  E.  Channing 
Stowell,  Dublin,  N.  H. 

Culex  pipiens  Linn.,  house  mosquito,  adults,  Sept.  23 ;  C  u  1  i  - 
oada  sollicitans  Walk.,  salt  marsh  mosquito,  adults,  Aug.  3,  D. 
T.  Marshall,  Flollis,  L.  L,  N.  Y. 

Tipulidae,  several  species;  Pediscia  albivitta  Walk.;  X  y  1  o  t  a 
V  e  c  o  r  s    O.  S.,  Jan.  21,  R.  F.  Pearsall,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Lepidoptera 
Hill  Collection 

This  is  an  exceptionally  valuable  addition  to  the  State  collections, 
consisting  of  some  io,O03  specimens,  representing  approximately 
3000  species.  It  is  in  excellent  condition  and  was  donated  by 
Erastus  D.  Hill,  Carrie  J.  Hill  \'an  \deck  and  William  W.  Hill,  heirs 
of  the  late  William  W.  Hill  of  Albany,  N.  Y.  The  catalogue  of 
this  collection  is  given  in  the  appendix. 

A  t  t  a  c  u  s    atlas    Finn.,  adult,  Sept.  17,  A.  J.  Booth,  Manila,  P.  F 

A  n  i  s  o  t  a  r  u  b  i  c  u  n  d  a  l-abr.,  green  striped  maple  worm,  on  maple, 
Aug.  12;  Heterocampa  guttivitta  Walk.,  on  maple,  Aug.  12, 
F.  J.  Greene,  Centre  Berlin,  N.  Y. ;  the  same,  Aug.  22,  W.  A.  Stearns,  Centre 
Berlin,  N.  Y. 

Fpizeuxis  denticulalis  Harv.,  adult,  July  31,  Mrs  Alex. 
Hiland  Hill,  Palenville,  N.  Y. 

Ennomos  s  u  b  s  i  g  n  a  r  iu  s  Hiibn.,  snow-white  linden  moth, 
adults,  Sept.  9,  J.  M.  Chew,  Newburgh,  N.  Y. 


50  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Leucobrephos  brcphoidcs  \\'alk.,  adult,  April,  from  St 
Lawrence  county,     Dr  T.  P.  Bailey,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

P  h  o  b  c  t  r  o  n  p  i  t  h  e  c  i  u  m  Abb.  &  Sni.,  hag  moth  caterpillar,  larva 
t.ii  maple,  Sept.  17,  W.  E.  Lackay,  Rensselaer,  N.  Y. 

Zeuzera  pyrina  Fabr.,  leopard  moth,  on  apple,  Oct.  30,  S.  B. 
Huested,  Blauvelt,  X.  Y. 

]{  u  c  o  s  m  a  s  c  u  d  d  e  r  i  a  n  a  Clem.,  larva  on  solidago,  Feb.  27,  C. 
P.  Alexander,  Gloversville,  N.  Y. 

A  n  c  y  1  u  s  n  u  b  e  c  u  1  a  n  a  Clem.,  apple  leaf  folder,  larvae  on  apple, 
Sept.  17,  C.  E.  Eldridge,  Leon,  N.  Y. 

Mompha  brevivittella  Clem,  and  'SI.  e  1  o  i  s  e  1  1  a  Clem., 
adults  on  Oenothera  g  r  a  n  d  i  f  1  o  r  a  ,  Oct.  16,  Miss  A.  A.  Knox, 
New  York,  X.  Y. 

Philopsia  nivigerata  Walk. ;  E  u  c  h  o  e  c  a  e  x  h  u  m  a  t  a 
Pears.  CO.  typ. ;  Mesoleuca  immanata  Haw. ;  Petrophora 
f  1  u  c  t  u  a  t  a  Linn. ;  Orthofidonia  exornata  Walk. ;  S  i  c  y  a 
1:1  a  c  u  1  a  r  i  a  H ar r. ;  T  h  e  r  i  n  a  c  n  d  r  o  p  i  a  r  i  a  Walk. ;  P  1  a  g  o  d  i  s 
serinaria  H-S;  P.  phlogosaria  Gucn.,  Jan.  21,  from  Indian 
valley,  Catskill  mountains;  all  from  R.  F.  Pearsall,  P.rooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Hemiptera 

Phylloxera  c  a  r  y  a  e  c  a  u  1  i  s  Fitch,  hickory  gall  aphid,  galls  on 
hickory,  May  27,  Mrs  Milton  Barger,  St  Lawrence  county,  N.  Y. 

Empoasca  mali  LcB.,  apple  leaf  hopper,  adult  on  apple,  July  i, 
C.  W.  Hagen,  Sparrowbush,  X.  Y. 

M  y  z  u  s  c  c  r  a  s  i  I*"abr.,  cherry  aphis,  adults  on  cherry,  July  12,  G.  S. 
Kidder,  Port  Henry,  X.  Y. 

X  c  c  t  a  r  o  p  h  o  r  a  p  i  s  i  Kalt.,  pea  aphid,  adults  on  peas,  July  13, 
F.  E.  Guyett,  Rensselaer,  X.   Y. 

Chcrmcs  pinicorticis  Fitch,  pine  bark  aphis  on  pine,  Apr.  30, 
C.  D.  Howe,   Pisgah   Forest,   N.   C. 

P  h  o  c  n  i  c  o  c  0  c  c  u  s  m  a  r  1  a  t  t  i  Ckll.,  on  date  palm.  Mar.  30,  from 
Tcmpe,  Ariz.;   Prof.  T.  D.  A.  Cockerell,  Boulder,  Col. 

Aspidiotus  fi)rl)csi  John.,  cherry  scale,  adults  on  basswood, 
Apr.  25,  Dr  James  Fletcher,  Central  l-lxperimental  I'arms,  Ottawa,  Can. 

A.  o  s  t  r  e  a  e  f  o  r  m  i  s  Curtis,  European  fruit  scale,  adults  and 
young  on  plum,   May  S,  R.  Wohlers,  Williamsvillc,  N.  Y. 

A.  p  e  r  11  i  c  i  r>  s  u  s  Comst.,  San  Jc)se  scale  on  ajiplc,  Apr.  15,  N.  J. 
Courtney,  C<irnwaII-on-Hudson,  N.  Y.  Same,  adults  on  currant,  May 
3f).  D.  D.  Stone,  Oswego,  N.  Y. 

Aulacaspis  rosac  Bouche,  rose  scale,  adults  and  larvae  on 
raspl)erry,  Mar.  29,  C.  H.  Peck,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Chionaspis  j)  i  n  i  f  o  1  i  a  c  l-ilch,  pine  leaf  scale,  eggs  on  pine, 
Nov.  9,  Isaac  Hicks  &  Son,  Westbury  Station,  N.   Y. 

G  o  s  s  y  )>  a  r  i  a  s  j)  u  r  i  a  Mod.,  elm  liark  louse,  females  on  elm, 
June  15,  Mrs  Douglas  Merritt,  Rhinebcck,  N.  Y. 

Orthoptcra 

Xyclobora  h  ..  1  ^  n  e  r  i  c  i  a  King.,  giant  cockroach,  adult,  July  i, 
from  Albany,  N.   Y.     C.  E.  Fairman,  Lyndonville,  N.  Y. 


REPORT   OF    Tni;    STATE    KNTOIMOLOGIST    I907  59 

Mallophaga 

D  0  c  o  p  h  o  r  u  s  s  y  r  n  i  i  Pack.?,  adult  on  barred  owl,  Oct.  25, 
D.  W.  Alcott,  East  Grcenbush,  N.  Y. 

Docophrus  syrnii?  Pack,  on  barred  owl,  Nov.  13;  Haema- 
topinus  antennatus?  Osb.  on  gray  squirrel,  Nov.  8;  Lipeurus 
bacillus  Nitzsch  on  pigeon,  Nov.  4;  Lipeurus  sp.  on  Gadwall 
duck,  Nov.  4;  Goniocotes  com  par  Nitzsch  on  pigeon,  Nov.  4; 
Trinoton  lurid  um  Nitzsch  on  Gadwall,  Oct.  30;  same,  on  duck, 
Nov.  8;   same,  Burrow's  golden-eye;  all  from  G.  H.  Chadwick. 

Corrodentia 

Atropos  divinatoria  Fabr.,  book  louse,  adult,  Oct.  30,  Emil 
Voelckel,  Wakefield,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Psocus  venosus  Burm.,  adult  on  decayed  vegetable  matter, 
Aug.  24,  from  \\'ashington,  Conn.  Mrs  Edwin  H.  Mairs,  I'rvington-on- 
Hudson,  N.  Y. 

EXCHANGE 
Diptera 

Johnson,  Prof.  C.  W.,  Boston,  Mass.  Neaspilota  achilleae 
Johns.,  N.  a  1  b  i  d  i  p  e  n  n  i  s  Lccw,  N.  v  e  r  n  o  n  i  a  e  Loew,  T  r  y  - 
peta  palposa  Loew,  S  t  e  n  o  m  y  i  a  tenuis  Loew,  Chaetop- 
s  i  s  a  p  i  c  a  1  i  s  Johns.,  Tetanops  luridipennis  Loew,  M  e  1  i  - 
eria  obscuricornis  Loew,  Rive  1,1  i  a  b  r  e  v  i  f  a  s  c  i  a  t  a 
Johns.,  R.  quadrifasciata  Macq.,  T  h  e  1  a  i  r  a  1  e  u  c  o  z  o  n  a 
Panz.,  Paraprosena  apicalis  Desv.,  E  c  h  i  n  o  m  y  i  a  f  1  o  r  u  m 
Walk.,  Opsidia  gonioides  Coq.,  Chaetoplagia  atri- 
p  e  n  n  i  s  Coq.,  S  t  u  r  m  i  a  n  i  g  r  i  t  a  Town.,  Epigrymyia  polita 
Town.,  A  c  t  i  a  p  i  1  i  p  e  n  n  i  s  Fall.,  Trichopoda  plumipes 
I'abr.,  Alophora  aeneoventris  Will.,  H  3"  drop  h  or  us  eldo- 
r  a  d  e  n  s  i  s  \\'heeler,  H  .  v  i  r  i  d  i  f  1  o  s  Walk.,  Neurigona  lat- 
eralis Say,  A  g  o  n  o  s  o  m  a  u  n  i  f  a  s  c  i  a  t  u  m  Say  (  b  i  c  o  1  o  r 
Loew),  Psilopodinus  com  at  us  Loew,  Mallophora  or- 
cina  Wied  ,  Erax  maculatus  Macq.  (=  lateralis  ]Macq.), 
Laphria  canis  Will.,  L.  sericea  Say,  Atomosia  puella 
Wied.,  A  .  s  a  y  i  i  Johns.,  Cerotainia  macrocera  Say,  N  i  c  o  - 
c  1  e  s  p  i  c  t  u  s  Loew,  D  e  r  o  m  y  i  a  p  1  a  !:  y  p  t  e  r  a  Loew,  S  t  i  c  h  o  - 
1,  c  g  o  n  a  r  g  c  n  t  e  u  s  Say,  H  o  1  o  p  o  g  o  n  g  u  t  t  u  1  a  Wied,,  li  o  1  - 
c  o  c  c  p  h  a  1  a  c  a  1  \-  a  Loew,  L  a  s  i  o  p  o  g  o  n  t  e  r  r  i  c  o  1  a  J(ihns., 
Cyrtopogon  lutatius  Walk.,  Psilocurus  nudiusculus 
Loew,  Laphystia  sexfasciata  Say,  Leptogaster  an- 
nul a  t  u  s  Say,  L  .  p  i  c  t  i  p  e  s  Loew,  Geron  calvus  Loew. 
G .  s  i  g  m  a  Coq.,  Systoechus  solitus  Walk.,  Anthrax 
c  e  y  X  Loew,  A  .  e  d  i  t  i  t  i  a  Say,  A  .  1  u  c  i  f  e  r  Fabr.,  E  x  o  p  r  o  - 
sopa  eremita  O.  S.,  Tabanus  fuscopunctatus  Macq., 
T  .  r  e  c  e  d  e  n  s  Walk.,  T  .  s  p  a  r  u  s  Whitney,  Chrysops  nigri- 
1  i  m  b  o    Whitney. 

Melander,  Prof.  A.  L.,  Pullman,  Wash.  C  a  e  n  i  a  s  p  i  n  o  s  a  Loew, 
P  a  r  y  d  r  a       q  u  a  d  r  i  t  u  b  c  r  c  u  1  a  t  a        Loew,        P  .    1  i  m  p  i  d  i  p  c  n  n  i  s 


6o  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Loew,  11  y  d  r  c  1  I  i  a  II  y  p  o  1  c  u  c  a  Locw,  P  a  r  a  1  i  ni  n  a  a  p  p  o  n  d  i  - 
c  u  I  a  t  a  Loew,  Tcphritis  variabilis  Doane.  T  .  f  i  n  a  1  i  s 
Locw,  E  n  s  i  n  a  h  u  m  i  1  i  s  Locw,  Spilographa  diffusa 
Snow,  S  c  p  c  d  en  a  r  m  i  p  c  s  Loew,  T  e  t  a  n  o  c  c  -r  a  p  1  u  m  o  s  a 
Locw,     T.  pallida       Locw,       S  c  i  o  m  y  z  a       p  u  b  c  r  a       Locw,       S  . 

nana  Fall.,  S  .  h  ii  m  i  1  i  s  Loew,  C  r  i  o  r  h  i  n  a  s  c  i  t  u  1  a  Will , 
X  y  1  o  t  a  f  1  a  V  i  t  i  b  i  a  Bigot,  Eristalis  temporalis  Thorn.,  1''. 
occiden  talis  Will.,  E.  bastard  ii  Macq.,  V  o  1  u  c  c  11  a  c  s  u  r  i  - 
ens  Fabr.,  M  e  s  o  g  r  a  m  m  a  b  o  s  c  i  i  Macq.,  S  y  r  p  h  u  s  diver- 
sipcs  Macq.,  Platychirus  chactopodus  Will.,  Chryso- 
gaster  stigmata  Will.,  C.  lata  Loew,  C  li  r  y  s  o  t  o  x  u  m  d  e  - 
r  i  V  a  t  u  m    ^^'alk. 

Orthoptera 
Britten,    1  )r    W.    E.,    New    Haven,    Conn.      S  p  h  a  r  a  ^'  c  m  o  n     b  o  1  i  i 
Scud.,     S.       saxatile       ^Morse.     Psinidia      fenestralis      Serv., 
S  c  i  r  t  c  t  i  c  a    mar  m  o  rata    11  arr.,   P  a  r  n  x  y  a    f  1  o  r  i  d  a  n  a    Thorn., 
C)  r  p  h  u  1  e  1  1  a    s  p  c  c  i  o  s  a    Scud.,   O  .    p  e  1  i  d  n  a    P.urm. 


OF    Till':    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  61 


Appendix  A. 

LIST  OF  THE  WILLIA^IW.  HILL  COLLECTION  OF 
LEPIDOPTERA 

This  extremely  valuable  addition  to  the  State  collections  was 
received  through  the  generosity  of  Erastus  D.  Hill,  Carrie  J.  Hill 
Van  Vleck  and  William  W.  Hill,  heirs  of  the  late  William  W.  Hill, 
who  desired  that  the  father's  work  should  be  maintained  as  a 
permanent  memorial  of  his  labors  in  entomology.  This  collection, 
consisting  of  some  10,000  species  and  representing  over  3000 
species,  is  in  excellent  condition.  The  Nymphalidae,  Lycaeniclae, 
Hesperidae,  Sphingidae  and  Noctuidae  are  particularly  well  repre- 
sented. The  condition  of  Mr  Hill's  collection,  and  the  manuscript 
catalogue  of  the  same,  bears  evidence  of  extreme  care. 

Air  Hill  published  privately  a  List  of  Lepidoptera  Captured  dur- 
ing i8/j  and  18/6  ill  the  Vicinity  of  Albany  and  in  the  Adirondack 
Mountains  of  A'cw  York  as  a  small  folder,  and  the  late  Dr  J.  A. 
Lintner^  gave  several  more  extended  lists  v.dth  dates  of  the 
Lepidoptera  taken  by  ]\lr  Hill  in  the  Adirondack  region. 

It  is  most  fitting  in  this  connection  that  sonie  further  record  be 
given  of  ]\Ir  Hill's  work  and  the  following  notice^  by  Dr  J.  B. 
Smith,  now  State  Entomologist  of  New  Jersey  gives  a  sympathetic 
account  of  his  life  : 

At  Elizabethtown,  Essex  county,  N.  Y.,  on  January  28th,  1888, 
died  \\'illiam  W.  Hill  of  Albany,  N.  Y.  This  news  will  sadden  all 
who  in  any  way  have  known  Mr  Hill  during  his  lifetime,  and  among 
entomologists  there  are  few  who  do  not  know  him  or  his  work. 

Mr  Hill  was  born  September  19th,  1833,  at  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  but 
removed  to  Albany  early  in  life,  and  entered  the  business  house 
of  Nathaniel  Wright,  dealer  in  saddler's  hardware,  at  the  age  of 
fifteen.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  became  a  partner  in  the  firm  of 
Nathaniel  Wright  &  Co.,  and  on  the  death  of  the  senior  member 
i)f  the   firm,  the  business  was  continued  under   the  firm  name  of 


1878  Ent.    Contributions,    4:29-42. 

1880  Top.    Sur.    .\dirondack    Region    N.    Y.      7th   R;pt,    P.    375-40o. 

i8qi  State  Land  Sur.    Ren't,  p.    191-220. 

1888  Smith,     J.     B.      Entomologica    Americana,     3:235-36. 


62  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Woodward  &  Hill,  oi  which  firm  he  remained  an  active  memher 
up  to  the  time  of  his  death. 

On  April  9th.  1855,  he  marrie^l  Miss  Jane  Woodward  of  Alhany 
who  survives  him.  Me  also  leaves  surviving  him  three  sons  and 
one  daughter.  Mr  Hill  had  a  common  school  education;  but  con- 
tinued his  studies  after  entering  business  and  was  an  exceedingly 
well  informed  man  and  agreeable  companion.  Always  fond  of 
outdoor  life  and  an  admirer  of  nature,  he  was  an  ardent  fisherman 
and  of  late  years  spent  a  part  of  each  summer  in  the  North  Woods 
or  in  the  Adirondack's  —  combining  this  sport  with  his  study  of 
nature. 

h^or  many  years  he  was  more  especially  interestetl  in  botany  and 
made  large  collections  of  plants.  In  1875  he  became  more  especially 
interested  in  insects,  and  collected  persistently,  carefully  and  sys- 
tematically —  with  what  success  all  Lepidopterists  know.  Though 
more  particularly  a  Lepi^'opterist  he  collected  also  in  other  orders, 
to  obtain  a  representation  of  local  species.  With  Messrs  Bailey, 
Lintner  and  ^leske  he  made  excursions  in  the  vicinity  of  Albany 
and  finally  Centre  [now  Karner]  was  hit  upon,  as  an  extraordi- 
narily i-roductive  locality  and  here  collecting  was  carried  on  with 
such  vim  and  persistency  that  the  place  became  known  as  "  Butter- 
fly station."  Enormcus  quantities  of  "sugar"  were  prepared  and 
used,  and  thousands  of  moths  paid  the  penalty.  During  his  visits 
t)  th'i  Adirondacks  Mr  Hill  not  oidy  sugared  persistently,  but  every 
available  room  was  lit  u_)  and  winlows  were  left  open  to  attract 
the  unwary  night  flyers.  In  an  unexplore  1  field  like  the  Adiron- 
cacks  the  result  was  most  gratifying,  and  many  previously  unknown 
forms  were  discovere  1  —  the  tyjjes  of  which  are  all  in  his  collection. 
With  such  a  quantity  of  material,  exclianging  was  very  productive 
and  the  collection  rapidly  increased.  It  was  his  boast  that  he  never 
bought  an  insect,  yet  the  collection  contains  rarities  from  all 
sources,  the  i)ro'!ucts  of  exchanges.  He  was  extremely  systematic 
in  the  arrangement  and  care  of  his  collection,  every  species  bear- 
ing a  number  —  or  rather  two  numbers  —  one  sex  an  even,  the 
other  an  ofl  1  mimber.  F.very  s'pecics  was  registered,  and  the 
(lunlicatcs  were  all  note!,  so  t'lat  it  was  onlv  necessary  lo  refer 
to  the  jiropcr  book  an  1  tin-  exact  number  <»f  si)ecimcns  on  hand 
was  at  once  appareiU.  In  addition  to  this  he  was  very  careful 
i  1  labeling  his  insects,  every  specim-n  containing  the  exact  locality, 
date  of  ca])ture  and  whether  at  light  or  at  sugar.  The  collection 
is  therefore  valuable,  not  only  as  an  accumulation  of  material, 
but  as  an  accunuilation  of  facts,  of  great  value  in  fixing  dates, 
distribution  and  number  of  broorjs.  The'  work  re(|uired  for  all 
this  was  of  course  enormous,  an  1  can  be  appreciated  only  by  those 
who  have  attemjHel  anything  .'similar. 

Mr  Hill  was  not  a  dcscriber,  his  only  contributions  to  the  litera- 
ture being  in  the  line  of  faunal  lists  in  which  dates  and  localities 
were  carefidlv   noti'<l  ;   but    thoti'di   not   a   writer,  he  was  a  careful 


REPORT   OF   THE   STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  63 

observer,  and  liis  intention  was,  when  sufficient  material  was  ac- 
cumulated to  study  some  of  the  Heterocerous  families  systemati- 
cally. This  intention  was  unhappily  prostrated  by  his  untimely 
death.  In  September  last  he  began  to  break  down,  and  his  phy- 
sicians decided  that  the  trouble  was  consumption.  His  death  was 
(juite  unexpected  and  an  autopsy  revealed  a  cancer  on  the  lungs 
as  the  true  ailment.  His  death  is  a  positive  loss  to  entomology, 
removing  from  our  midst  an  active  worker  whom  it  will  be  difficult 
to  replace.  For  the  reasons  stated  his  collection  is  peculiarly  valu- 
able, and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  it  will  not  be  lost.  No  testa- 
mentary disposition  was  made,  but  his  expressed  wish  was  that  it 
should  be  disposed  of  in  its  entirety.  The  National  Museum  would 
be  an  excellent  and  appropriate  place  for  it. 

Mr  Hill  w^as  president  of  the  Albany  Fly-Casters  Association ; 
chairman  of  the  executive  committee  of  Eastern  New  York  Fish 
and  Game  Protective  Association;  life  member  of  the  Albany 
Young  Men's  Association;  member  of  the  Albany  Institute;  of  the 
Old  Guard,  Albany  Zouave  Cadets;  Masters  Lodge  F.  &  A.  M., 
and  a  vestryman  of  St  Paul's  Episcopal  Church.  None  of  his 
children  have  inherited  his  taste  for  entomology. 

An  attempt  has  been  made  in  the  following  list  to  give  the 
synonymy  and  arrangement  of  Dyar's  list.  This  has  been  com- 
paratively easy  so  far  as  our  native  forms  are  concerned.  The 
presence  of  numerous  exotic  forms  from  widely  separated  parts 
of  the  world  increased  greatly  the  labor  of  making  the  list  and 
interpolating  them  in  their  proper  places.  It  is  hoped,  however, 
that  no  serious  errors  have  been  committed,  ^his  list  has  been 
I^repared  largely  by  assistants  in  this  office,  assistant  D.  B.  Young 
being  mostly  responsible  for  the  synonymy  and  arrangement. 
The  names  in  parenthesis  are  those  used  by  Mr  Hill.  The  locali- 
ties from  which  the  SDecimens  came  are  also  indicated. 


Parnassius  clodius  Mcnc.     Kansas 
P.  sminthcus  Doub.     Kansas 
P.  smintheus  7'ar.  behrii  Edzv.    Colo- 
rado 
P.  dclius      Esp.      (plioebus      Fabr.). 

Europe 
P.  apollo  Li)i)i.     Europe 
P.  apollo  far.  hcsebolus  Nordin.  Eu- 
rope 
P.  ninemosyne  Linn.     Europe 
P.  stubbcndorfii  Mcnc.     Altai  nits 


Parnassiidae 

Eurycus  crcssida  Fabr.     New   South 

Wales 
Tliais  cerisyi  Godt.     Asia 
T.  polyxcna  Scltiff.     Hungary 
T.  polyxena     t'or.     Cassandra    Iliibn 

Europe 
T.  runiina  Linn.  var.  medcsicastc  III 

Savoy 
Doritis  apollinus  Hbst.     Europe 
Callosune  eupompe  King.     Abyssinia 


1 


64 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Papilionidae 


Iphidiclcs    (Papiliu)   ajax  Linn.     At- 
lantic States 
I.  ajax  var.  telamonides  Fcld.     Oliio 
I.    ajax  var.  marccllus  Boisd.  &  Lcc. 

Ohio 
Papilio  daunus  Boisd.     Arizona 
P.  curymedon  Boisd.     California 
P.  rutulus  Boisd.     California 
P.  rutulus     Boisd.     var.  arizoncnsis. 

Arizona 
P.  glaucus   Linn.    var.   turnus   Linn. 

New  York,  Ohio 
P.  palamedcs  Dru.     Florida 
P.  troilus  Li'/nf.     United  States 
P.  thoas  Linn.     Brazil,  Ohio,  Illinois 
P.  thoas  var.  cinyras  Mcnc.    Amazon 

river 
P.  zolicaon    Boisd.       Pacific     States, 

Rocky  mts 
P.  indra  Reak.     California 
P.  polyxencs  Fabr.  (asterins  Cram.)- 

United  States 
P.  andraemon  Hilbn.    Cuba 
P.  echelus  Hbst.     Bogota 
P.  dardanus  Fab.     Rio  dc  Janeiro 
P.  androgeos        Cram.         (polycaon 

Cram.).     Amazon  river 
P.  perrhcbus  Boisd.     Paraguay 
P.  areas    Cram,    t'or.^  zenares    Fcld. 

(erithalion  Koll).    Bogota 
P.  pausanias  Hciv.    Brazil 
P.  scsostris  Cram.    Bogota 
P.  vcrtumnus  Cram.     Bogota 
P.  vcrtumnus      var.      cutora      Gray. 

Bogot  a 
P.  verliunnus      var.      alyattis      Fcld. 

Bogota 
P.  americus  Koll.     Bogota 
P.  thyastes  Dru.     Peru 
P.  callistc  Bates.     Amazon  river 
P.  profcsilaus  Linn.     Bogota 
P.  protcsilaus    var.    Iclcsilaus    Fcld. 

Bogota 
P.  dolicaon  Cram.     Venezuela 
P.  columhus  IlCiV.     Bogota 
P.  lycimencs  Boisd.     South  America 
P.  nephalion  Godt.     South  America 


P.  anchiscs  Linn.     Brazil 

P.  podalirius  Linn.     Europe 

P.  podalirius    var.    fcisthaniclii    Dn[>. 

luH-ijpc 
P.  alcxanor  Rsf^.     Europe 
P.  macliaon  Linn.     Europe 
P.  machaon   var.    nuuulclnuric   L:nii. 

China 
P.  polytcs  Linn.     Cliina 
P.  crithconius  Cram.     Cliina 
P.  xutlius  Linn.     China 
P.  clytia    Linn.    Z'ar.    dissimilis    Linn. 

Ch'ina 
P.  aristolochiae  Fabr.  Uliphilus  Esjk). 

Ceylon 
P.  hector  Linn.     Asia 
P.  rhetenor  U'cstiu.     India 
P.  paris  Linn.     Himalaya 
P.  aristolochiae  Fabr.  (diphilus  Esp.). 

Ceylon 
P.  curypylus  /.;//;/.     Asia 
P.  eurypylus      Linn.      var.      lycaon 

JFcstzi.'.  New  South  Wales 
P.   (aegeus  Don.).  Queensland 
P.  sarpedon  Linn.     Queensland 
P.  anactus  Mad.     Queensland 
P.  capaneus  Wcstzi.'.     Queensland 
P.  polydorus  Linn.     Australia 
P.  priamus     Linn.     var.     richniondia 

Gray.     Australia 
P.  ponipeus  Cram.  var.  minos  Cram. 

Sumatra 
P.  dcmolcus  Linn.     Africa 
P.  severus  Cra)n.     Madagascar 
V.  policenes  Cram.     Africa 
]'.  cyproeafile  lUilt.     Africa 
P.  zalmoxis  //(TC.     Africa 
P.  mcrope  Cram.     West  Africa 
P.  nireus  Linn.     Zanzibar 
Iliades  (Papilio)  agenor  Luih.    China 
Zctidcs    (Papilio)    agamcmnon   Linn. 

Cliina 
L.urlia'^      d'apilin")      philenor     Linn. 

New  York 
Itlu)balus   (Papilio)   pnlydamas  Linn. 

Paraguay 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


65 


Pieridae 


Archonias  philoscia  Fcld.  Bogota 
A.  sisamnus  Fabr.  New  Grenada 
Dismorphia     nemesis     Latr.       South 

America 
D.  medora  Doubl.     Brazil 
D.  eumelia  Cram.    Brazil 
Hesperocharis  marchalii  Guer.     Peru 
Neophasia  menapia  Feld.     California 
Tachyris  libythea  Fabr.     Ceylon 
T.  enarete  Boisd.     China 
T.  ega  Boisd.     New  South  Wales 
Daptonoura     lycimnia     Cram.     far. 

aelia  Feld.     Peru 
D.  ilaire  Godt.    Brazil 
Delias  descombesi  Boisd.     India 
D.  nigrina  Fabr.     Philippines 
D.  hierte  Hiibn.     China 
D.  eucharis  Dm.    India 
D.  hyparete  Linn.    Australia 
D.  agostina  Heiv.     India 
Prioneris  autothisbe  Hilbn.    Java 
P.  clemanthee  Doubl.     India- 
Perrhybris  pyrrha  Fabr.     Brazil 
P.  demophile  Linn.     South  America 
P.  phaloe  Godt.     Brazil 
Eronia  cleodora  Hiibn.    Abyssinia 
Pontia       (Pieris)       monuste      Linn. 

Florida 
P.   (Pieris)  beckeri  Edw.     Nevada 
P.   (Pieris)    sisymbri    Boisd.      Cali- 
fornia 
P.   (Pieris)  occidentalis  Reak.     Cali- 
fornia 
P.   (Pieris)  protodice      Boisd.      var. 

vernalis  Edzv.     Kansas 
P.  (Pieris)  napi  Linn.    Europe,  Cali- 
fornia 
P.  napi  var.  napaeae  Esp.     Europe 
P.  napi  var.  bryoniae   Och.      Europe 
P.  napi  var.   virginiensis  Edw.     On- 
tario 
P.  napi  var.    oleracca    Llarr.       New 

York 
P.  napi  var.  pallida  Scndd.     Califor- 
■   nia 
P.   (Pieris)      rapae     Linn.       Europe, 

United  States 
P.  rapae  var.  orientalis  Fabr.    Asia 


Pieris  autodice  Hiibn.     Brazil 

P.  callidice  Esp.     Europe 

P.  mescntina  Cram.    India 

P.  elodia  Boisd.     Mexico 

P.  monuste  Linn.  var.  orseis  Godt. 
Brazil 

P.  monuste  Linn.  var.  albusta  Sepp. 
Surinam 

P.  pylotis  Godt.     Bogota 

P.  buniae  Hiibn.     Brazil 

P.  menada  Boisd.     Paraguay 

P.  brassicae  Linn.     Europe 

P.  daplidice  Linn.     Europe 

P.  daplidice  var.  bellidice  Linn. 
Europe 

P.  nerissa  Fabr.  var.  phryne  Fabr. 
Ceylon 

P.  teutonia  Fabr.  New  South  Wales, 
-  Australia 

P.  Java  Sparrm.     Queensland 

Aporia  (Pieris)  crataegi  Linn.  Eu- 
rope 

Nathalis  iole  Boisd.     Kansas 

N.  plauta  Doubl.     Bogota 

Zegris  eupheme  Esp.     Russia 

Lcptidia  (Lcucophasia)  sinapis  Li'm'!. 
Europe 

Synchloe  (Anthocharis)  creusa 
Doubl.  &  Heiv.     California 

S.   (Zegris)  olympia  Edzv.     Arizona 

S.  (Anthocharis)  ausonides  Boisd. 
Colorado 

S.  (Anthocharis)  ausonides  var. 
coloradensis  Hy.  Edzv.     Colorado 

S.  (Anthocharis)  lanccolata  Boisd. 
California 

S.  (Anthocliaris)  ccthura'  Feld.  Cali- 
fornia 

S.  (Anthocharis)  gcnutia  Fabr. 
Georgia 

S.  (Anthocharis)  sara  Boisd.  Cali- 
fornia 

S.  (Anthocharis)  rcakirtii  Edzv. 
Oregon 

Euchloe  (Anthocharis)  ansonia 
Hiibn.  var.  bclia  Cram.  South 
Africa,  Spain 


66 


NEW    YORK    STATE   MUSEUM 


Euchloe     (Anthocliaris)     cardamines 

Linn.  Europe 
E.      (Anthocliaris)      gruncri     Ilcrr.- 

Schacf.    Asia 
E.   (Antliocharis)    Ittg'is    lUibn.    var. 

bcllizina  Boisd.     France 
E.   (Anthocliaris)  cuphcnoidcs  Stcgr. 

Europe 
E.   (Antliocharis)        bclcmia        Esp. 

Europe 
E.   ( Anthocharis)         bcleniia        var. 

glauce  Hiibn.     Spain 
Idmais  fausta  OHv.     India 
Callidryas    (Catopsilia)    pliilca  Linn. 

.Bogota 
C.  cubulc  Linn.     Georgia,  Texas 
Aphrissa    (Catopsilia)    statira   Cmin. 

Brazil 
Phoebis     (Catopsilia    cipris    Cram.) 

argante  Fabr.     Bolivia 
P.  (Catopsilia)  agarithc  Boisd.     Bo- 
gota 
Catopsilia        trite        Linn.        Central 

America 
C.  inenippe  Hiibn.     Bogota 
C.  crocale  Cram.     China 
C.  fiorclla  Fabr.     Africa 
C.  poniona  Fabr.     Australia 
C  pyranthe       Linn.       New       Si  nth 

Wales 
Gonepteryx   niaesula  Fabr.     lira/il 
n.  rhamni  Linn.     Russia 
Ci.   {Rhf)docera)        cicopatra        /./h'/. 

Dalniatia 
Kricogonia  lyside  Godt.    Texas,  Wisi 

Indies 
K.  fantasia  Bull.     Texas 
Zerenc      (Cnlias)      eury<lice      Bi>i.<;d. 

California 
Z.   (Colias)    caesonia   Stnll.    Wiscon- 
sin, Texas,  Colorado 
Eurynnts      (Cnlias)      nua<lii      F.dw 

Colorado 
E.   (Colias)  nu-yllicnic  BoLui. 

Texas,  California 
E.     cnrythenie     -s-ar.     ariadne     F.d^i'. 

Arizona 
E.    (Colias       hagenii        F.du:)        var. 

criphyle   F.div.      Wyoming,    British 

Columbia 


E.   (Colias)    philodicc    Godt.        New 

York 
E.   (Colias    chrysomelas    Ediv.)     oc- 

cidenlalis  Scndd.     California 
E.    (Colias)    Christina    F:dzi'.     British 

America 
P..   (Colias)     alcxan.ira    /:"(/:.■.     Colo- 
rado 
E.  alexandra     var.     edwardsii     Bclir. 

Colorado 
E.   (Colias)     scudderi    Rcak.     Rocky 

nits 
E.   (Colias)  pvlidnc  Z^o:^(/.    Labrador 
E.   (Colias)   nastes  Boisd.     Labrador 
E.   (Colias)  behrii  Edic.     Californi:i 
Iltbemcia  glaucippe  Linn.  var.  ccL- 

bensis  Wall.     Celeb-.s 
Colias  pyrrothea  Hiibn.     Chili 
C.  dimera  Dcubl.     Bogota 
C.     edusa     Fabr.     (crcceus     Four.). 

Europe 
C.  phicomone  Esp.     Europe 
C.  hyalc  Linn.     Europe 
C.  Iiyale      var.      sareptcnsis      Stand. 

luiropc 
C.  lucla  Lcf.     Lapland 
C.  erate  Fsp.     Russia 
C.  palaeno  Linn.     Russia 
C.  clirysotheme  Esp.    Euri  p,-,  Sib.ria 
C.  fieldii  Mcnc.     Himalaya  mts 
C.  myrmidone  F..sp.     Europe 
C".  el.ctra  /./;/;/.     Cape  Good  Mope 
I'yrisi'.a    (  Terias)    gundlachia    Pocy. 

Texas,  Cuba 
P.    (Terias)    proteri)ia    Fabr.     Texas, 

I'.razil 
P.    (Terias    mexicana    Boisd.       Cal"- 

fornia,  Kansas 
luirema       (Terias)       nicippe      Cram. 

Nebraska,  Kansas,  New  York 
E..     (Terias     lisa     Boisd.     &    Lcc.) 

euterpe  Mcnc.     Florida,  Texas 
i'~.    enterpe    Mcnc    var.    alba    Sircck. 

(Colias  curylhcmc  Boisd.  var.  alba 

Sircck.).     California 
I-"..   (Terias)   delia  Cram,     hlorida 
v..   (Terias)   elathea  Cram, 
v..    (Terias)    jucunda   Boisd.   &  Lcc. 

1-lorida 
E.  bulaca  Boisd.    Cuba 


REPORT    OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


67 


Eurema  palmyra  Poey.     Cuba 

E.   (Terias)         aequatorialis        I' eld. 

Brazil 
E.  gangamela  Fcld.     Peru 
E.   (Terias)        nice       Cram.       South 

America 
E.   (Terias)       stygma      Boisd.      var. 

stygmula  Boisd.     Central  America 


E.   (Terias)      agave     Cram.       Soutli 

America 
E.  hecabe  Linn.     China 
E.    (Terias)  brigitta  Cram.  var.  drona 

Horsf.     India 
E.  brigitta      var.      pulchella      Boisd. 

Africa 
E.  mandarina  Dc  L.    Japan 


Nymphalidae 


Colaenis  dido  Linn.     Brazil 
C.  phaerusa  Linn.     Brazil 
C.  Julia  Fabr.     Brazil 

C.  Julia  var.  delila  Fabr.    Brazil 
Agraulis      (Dione)      vanillae      Linn. 

Florida 
Dione  juno  Cram.     Bogota 

D.  moneta  Hiibn.    Bolivia 
Cethosia  cyane  Dru.     Cochin  China 
Clothilda  numida  HUbn.     Cuba 
Cirrochroa  aoris  Doubl.     India 
Pyrameis    (Cynthia)    arsinoe    Cra)n. 

Australia 
Euptoieta    claudia     Cram.      Kansas, 
Texas,  Tennessee 

E.  hegesia  Cram.     Brazil 
Semnopsyche        (Argynnis)        diana 

Cram.     Georgia 
Speyeria      (Argynnis)      idalia     Dru. 

United  States 
Argynnis  nokomis  Edii.'.     Arizona 
A.  leto  Bchr.    Western  United  States 
A.  cybele  Fabr.    United  States 
A.  aphrodite  Fabr.     United  States 
A.  aphrodite  Fabr.  var.  alcestis  Ediv. 

United  States 
A.  atlantis  Ediv.     United  States 
A.  electa  Edw.    Utah,  Colorado 
A.  hesperis  Ediv.     Colorado 
A.  bremnerii  Edw.     Pacific  States 
A.  zerene  Boisd.     California 
A.  monticola   Behr.     California 
A.  monticola  Behr.  var.  purpurascens 

Hy.  Ediv.     California 
A.  halcyone  Ediv.     Rocky  mts 
A.  coronis  Behr.     California 
A.  callippe  Boisd.     California 
A.  nevadensis  Edw.     Nevada 
A.  edwardsii  Reak.    Colorado 


A.  chitone  Ediv.     Nevada 

A.  liliana  Hy.  Edw.     California 

A.  rupestris  Behr.  var.  irene  Boisd. 
California 

A.  adiaste  Behr.  (adiante  Boisd.). 
California 

A.  eurynome  Edzv.  Colorado,  Wis- 
consin 

A.  eurynome  Ediv.  var.  arge  Streck. 
California 

A.  montivaga  Bchr. 

A.  (montivaga)  aphirape  Hiibn. 
Europe 

A.  (montivaga)  aphirape  far.  triclaris 
Hiibn.     Europe,  Labrador 

A.  (montivaga)  aphirape  var.  baetica 
Rbr.     Europe 

A.  selene  Schiff.     Europe 

A.  euphrosyne  Linn.     Europe 

A.  pales  Schiff.     Europe 

A.  pales  var.  lapponica  Stcgr.  Eu- 
rope 

A.  thore  Hiibn.     Europe 

A.  dia  Linn.     Hungary 

A.  amathusia  Esp.     Germany 

A.  hecate  Esp.     Europe 

A.  ino  Rott.     Russia,  Europe 

A.  daphne  Schiff.     Europe 

A.  lathonia  Linn.     Europe 

A.  aglaja  Linn.     Europe 

A.  niobe  Linn.     Europe 

A.  niobe  var.  eris  Meig.     Europe 

A.  adippe  Linn.     Europe 

A.  sagana  Doubl.     Amoorland 

A.  paphia  Linn.     Europe 

A.  pandora  Schiff.     Europe 

A.  niphe  Linn.    Java 

Brenthis  myrina  Cram.  United 
States 


68 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Brenthis     (Argynnis)     helena    Edw. 

Colorado 
B.   (Argynnis)     chariclea    Schneider. 

Europe 
B.   (Argynnis)    polaris  Boisd.     Nor- 
way, Labrador 
B.   (Argynnis)  frigga  Thunb. 

Europe 
B.   (Argynnis)     bellona    Fabr.     New 

York,  Ohio 
B.   (Argynnis)         epithore        Boisd. 

Nevada,  Oregon 
Apatura       (Hypolimnas)       misippus 

Linn.     Queensland 
Hypolimnas  bolina  Linn,      (lasinassa 

Cram.).     China 
H.  salmacis  Dru.    Madagascar 
H.  alimena  Linn.     Queensland 
H.  anthedon     Doubl.       Cape     Good 

Hope 
Euphydryas  (Melitaea)  phaeton  Dru. 

New  York 
Lemonias    (Melitaea)    coopcri    Behr. 

Colorado,  Washington 
L.   (Melitaea)        chalcedon       Doubl. 

California 
L.   (Melitaea)  colon  Edw.     Washing- 
ton 
L.   (Melitaea)  anicia  Doubl.  &  Heiv. 

Nevada 
L.   (Melitaea)  nubigena  Behr.     Colo- 
rado 
L.      (Melitaea)      baroni     Hy.     Ediv. 

Nevada 
L.    (Melitaea)    rubicunda    Ily.   Ediv. 

Oregon 
L.   (Melitaea)     editha    Boisd.      Cali- 
fornia 
L.   (Melitaea)  acastus  Edw.    Arizona 
L.   (Melitaea)     palla     Boisd.       Cali- 
fornia 
L.    (Melitaea)  whitneyii  Behr.    Colo- 
rado 
L.   (Melitaea)  hofTinnniii  Behr.    Call 

fornia 
L.   ("Melitaea)     gabbii     Behr.       Cali- 
fornia 
Cinclidia    (Melitaea)    harrisii   Scudd. 

Maine 
Z.   (Melitaea)   perse  Edw.     Arizona 


C.   (Melitaea)  chara  Ediv.     Arizona 
Thessalia    (Melitaea)    leanira   Boisd. 

California 
T.  theona    Mene.     (Melitaea     fulvia 

Ediv.).    Rio  Grande 
Schoenis     (Melitaea)     niinuta    Edw. 

Colorado 
S.   (Melitaea)     nymplia     Ednj.     Ari- 
zona 
Melitaea  cynthia  Hiibn.     Schwerin 
M.  maturna  Linn.     Europe 
M.  aurinia  Rott.     Europe 
M.  aurinia      far.      sareptana      Stcgr. 

Siberia 
M.  aurinia       z'cir.       nierope       Prun. 

Schwerin,  Dalmatia 
M.  desfontainii  Godt.     Spain,  Russia 
M.   desfontainii    Godt.    var.    baetica 

Rbr.    Europe 
M.  cinxia  Linn.     Europe 
M.  aetherie  Hiibn.     Europe 
M.  didyma  Esp.     Europe 
M.  trivia  Schiff.     Europe 
M.  trivia  var.  fascelis  Esp.     Europe 
M.  athalia  Rott.     Europe 
M.  aurelia  Niclc.     Thuringia 
M.  parthenie  Bkh.     Europe 
M.  parthenie      var.      varia      Meyer. 

Europe 
M.  dictynna  Esp.     Europe 
M.  asteria  Err.     Schwerin,  Hungary 
Charidryas        (Phyciodes)        nycteis 

Doubl.  &  Hew.     New  York 
C.  ismeria  Boisd.   (Phyciodes  carlota 

Reak.).    Arizona 
Phyciodes  phaon  Ediv.     Florida 
P.  tharos  Dntry  (t'tir.  marcia  Edw.). 

Ohio,  New  York 
P.  tharos  var.  niorpheus  Fabr.     New 

York 
I',  batesii  Reiik.     New  York 
P.  pratensis    Behr.      Arizona,    Colo- 
rado 
P.  caniillus  Edw.     Colorado 
P.  mylitta  Edw.     California 
P.  picta  Edw.     Colorado 
P.  lirinpc   Cram.   var.    fragilis   Bate^. 

Brazil 
P.   (Eresia)  eunicc  Hiibn.     Bogota 


REPORT    OF   THE   STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


69 


Anthanassa     (Eresia)     texana    Edzi.'. 

Texas 
Chlosyne    (Coatlantona)    janais  Dni. 

Brazil,  Texas 
C.  lacinia  Geyer   (Synchloc  adjutrix 

Scudd.).     Texas,  New  Mexico 
Coatlantona     narva     Fahr.      Central 

America 
Araschnia  levana  Linn.     Europe 
Mestra  (Cystineura)  amymone  Mene. 

Texas 
Polygonia     (Grapta)     interrogationis 

Fabr.     New  York 
P.  (Grapta)     comma     Harris.     New 

York 
P.   (Grapta)  comma  var.  dryas  Edzc. 

New  York 
P.   (Grapta)      satyrus     Edzv.       New 

York 
P.   (Grapta)     faunus     Edzv.        New 

York 
P.   (Grapta)     zephyrus    Edzv.      New 

York 
P.  (Grapta)     progne     Cram.       New 

York 
P.   (Grapta)  c-album  Linn.    Europe 
P.  (Grapta)   egea  Cram.     Europe 
Eugonia    (Vanessa)    j-album    Boisd. 

New  York 
E.   (Vanessa)        californica       Boisd. 

California 
Euvanessa    (Vanessa)    antiopa  Linn. 

New  York,  Europe 
Aglais  milberti  Godt.     New  York 
Vanessa    (Pyrameis)    atalanta  Linn. 

United  States,  Europe 
V.  huntera  Fabr.     New  York 
V.  cardui      Linn.      United       States, 

Europe 
V.  jo  Linn.     Europe 
V.  urticae  Linn.     Europe 
V.  I-album  Esp.  (Vau  album  Nicev). 

Europe 
V.  xanthomelas  Esp.     Europe 
V.  polychlorus  Linn.     Europe 
Pyrameis     itea     Fabr.     New     South 

Wales 
P.  indica   Hbst.     India 
P.  myrinna  Doubl.     Rio  de  Janeiro 
Junonia  clelia  Cram.     Africa 


J.  orilhya   Linn.     New   South   Wales 

J.  genoveva  Cram.     Amazon  river 

J.  lavinia  Cram.     Brazil 

J.  asterie  Linn.     China 

J.  laomedia  Linn.     China 

J.  oenone    Linn.    var.    hierta    Fabr. 

China 
J.  coenia      Hiibn.       South      Atlantic 

States 
J.  vellida  Fabr.     New  South  Wales 
Salamis  anacardii  Linn.     Africa 
S.  antilope  Feisth.     Abyssinia 
Napeoclcs    jucunda    Hi'tbn.     Amazon 

river 
Kallima  inachis  Boisd.     India 
K.  rumia  IVestzv.     Calabar 
Doleschallia     bisaltide     Cram.     New 

Guinea 
Anartia      jatrophae      Linn.       Texas, 

Brazil 
A.  lytrea  Godt.     Cuba 
A.  fatima  Fabr.     Costa  Rica 
A.  amalthea  Linn.     Bogota 
Victorina     steneles     Linn.      Central 

America 
V.  epaphus  Latr.     Mexico 
V.  sulpitia  Cram.     Guiana 
Hypanartia      dione      Latr.      Central 

America 
H.  delius  Dm.     West  Africa 
H.  zabulina  Godt.     Europe 
Didonis  bibilis  Fabr.    Amazon  river 
Pyrrhogyra  typhoeus  Feld.    Brazil 
Ergolio  ariadne  Linn.     China 
Cybdelis    mnasylus    Doubl.    &    Hew. 

South  America 
Cyclogramma         pandama         Doubl. 

Brazil 
Temenis  laothoe  Cram.     Brazil 
T.  laothoe  var.  ariadne  Cram.    Brazil 
Nica  canthara  Doubl.     Panama 
Dynamine  agacles  Dalm.     Brazil 
D.  myrrhina   Doubl.     Peru 

D.  rostverta  Cram.     Central  America 
Eunica     monima     Cram,      (modesta 

Bates).    Texas 

E.  clytia  Hew.     Brazil 

E.  veronica  Bates.     Bogota,  Peru 
E.  pomona  Feld.     Bolivia 


70 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Diaethria  (Callicore)  clymena  Cram. 

Peru 
Amphichlora        (Ageronia)        fornax 

Hiibii.     Central  America 
A.    (Ageronia)   feronia  Liini.     Brazil 
Ageronia       chloe       Stall.      Central 

America 
A.  belladonna  Bates.     Brazil 
A.  amphinome  Linn.     Brazil 
A.  arcthusa  Cram.     Central  America 

A.  velutina  Bates.     Bogota 
Callicore  eluina  Hezv.     Bogota 
C.  lidwina  Feld.^   Peru 

C.  Cornelia      Hcrr.-Schaef.         South 

America 
Megalura  berania  Hezi.'.  Cuba 
M.  orsilochus  Fahr.     Brazil 
M.  corinna  Latr.  var.  marcella  Fcld. 

Brazil 
M.  iole  Dm.     Panama 
Anthena     (Megalura)     pcleus     Suh. 

Central  America 
Timetcs     (Megalura)     chiron     Fabr. 

Brazil 
Perisama  pricnc  Hopif.     Peru 
P.  liumboltii  Gucr.     Peru 
Catagramma  peristera  Hezv.     Bogota 
C.  hesperis  Guer.     Peru 
C.  sp.     Bogota 
Gynaccia  dirce  Linn.     Brazil 
Batesia  prola  Doiibl.  &  Hezv.     Peru 

B.  divalis  Bates.     Bogota 

B.  liypoclilora  Fcld.     Bogota 
Callizona  accste  Linn.     Brazil 
Libytliina  cuvierii  (iitt.     IVru 
Myscelia  cyaniris  Doiihl.     iloiiduras 
M.  orsis  Dru.     Kio  dc  Jaiuini 
Catonephcle  acontius  /.////;.     l'.r,i/il 

C.  sabrina  Ifezi'.     South  America 

C.  nyctimus  ll'rstzi^'.     Sf;uth  Anurii.i 
Leba.lea  alankara  Hcrsf.     India 
Basilarchia    (I.inuiiitis)    Ursula  (,'i>dl. 

Ohio 
B.  astyanax    Fahr.    var.    arizoncnsis 
Edw.     (Limcnilis     Ursula     Godl.). 
Arizona 
B.   (Limcnitis)    arthemis   Dru.     New- 
York 
B.   (Limenitis)   arllu-mis  rcr.  proscr- 
I)ina  lidz^<.     New  York 


B.   (Limenitis)      weidemeyerii     Edii.'. 

Colorado 
B.    (Limenitis  disippe  Godt.)    archip- 

pus  Cram.     New  York 
B.   (Limenitis  eros  Edi^\)   floridensis 

Streck.     Mississippi 

B.  (Limenitis)         lorquinii        Boisd. 
Pacific  States 

Limenitis   (Adelpha)   bredowii  liilbn. 

Peru 
L.   (Adelpha)     bredowii     z'ar.     cali- 

fornica   Bull.     California 
L.  populi  Linn.     Europe 
L.  populi  var.  tremulea  Esp.     Russia 
L.  Camilla  Schiff.     Europe 
L.  sibilla  Linn.     Europe 
Adelpha  iphicla  Linn.     Bogota 
A.  serpa  Boisd.     Amazon  river 
A.  olynthia  Feld.     Boguia 
Hestina  nama  Doiibl.     iliiialaya  mis 
Neptis  lucilla  I'ahr.     Hungary 
N.  aceris  Lep.     Europe 
luiphhaedra   ceres   Fabr.     Calabar 
E.  medon  Liiui.     West  Africa 
E.  xypetc   Ilezc.     West   Africa 
Cymothoc    (llarnia)   aemilius  Dotim. 

Calabar 

C.  (Harma)   theobene  Doubl.     We;  t 
Africa 

Ajiatura  iris  Linn.     iMance,   E.urope 
\.  ilia  Srhitf.     luncpe 
A.   ilia  z\ir.  clytie  ScliitT.     Eur<  pc 
A.   elis  yV/r/.      Peru 
A.  lucasii  Pouhl.     I'.razil 
A.  laurcnli.t   (/'(/(//.      I'.ra/il 
A.  angelina  held.     IVru 
A.   zunilda  Godl.      Peru 
A.  druryi  Iliihn.     Cuhn 
Chl.irippc   (  Apatura  )   cellis  Hoisd.   & 

Lee.      lexas 
C.    (Apatura)  leilia  /u/ti'.     Arizona 
C.   (Apatura)   alicia  /:</<i'.     I'"lorida 
C.    (Apatura)    ciytnn    Ihiisd.    c'r  Lee. 

Texas 
C.    (Apatura)   clyton  var.  proserpina 

.Seudd.     Atlantic  States 
C.   (Apatura)  flora  Edzv.     I-'Iorida 
Coea    (Aganisthos)    acheronta    Faijr. 

Bogota,  Cuba 


REPORT    or   TIIK    STAIK    KNTOiMOf.OC.IST    1 907 


Historis     (Agaiiistlms)     odiiis    Fab:: 

Bogota 
Prepona  phcridamas  Cram.     Guiana 
P.  meander  Cram.     Chili 
Smyrna  karwinskii   Ili'ibu.     Mexico 
Charaxes    (Nymphalis)    jasius   Linn. 

Algeria,  France 
Nymphalis     brutus     Cram.         West 

Africa 
N.  eudamippus  Doubl.     India 


N.  ncanliics   Hczv.     South  Africa 
^[egistanis   baeotus   Doubl.    &   Hew. 

Bogota 
AT.  deucalion  Fcld.     Bogota 
Hypna  clytemnestra  Cram.     Brazil 
Anaea  andria  Scudd.  (Papliia  troglo- 

dyta  Fabr.).    Texas 
A.  philumena  Doubl.     Peru 
A.  arginusa  Hiibn.     Brazil 
Siderone  ide  Hiibn.     Cuba 


Agapetidae 


Melanargia  lachesis   Hiibn.     Europe 
M.  lachesis      Hiibn.      zvr.      halimede 

Mcnc.     China 
M.  galathca  Linn.     Europe 
M.      galathea      var.      procida      Hbst. 

Europe 
M.  japygia      Cyr.      var.      suwarovius 

Hbst.     Russia 
M.    japygia    var.    caucasica    Nordm. 

Russia 
M.  ines  Hffsgg.     Europe 
M.  syllius  Hbst.     Europe 
Cercyonis      (Satyrus)      alope     Fabr. 

Atlantic  States 
C.   (Satyrus)  alope  var.  boopis  Bclir. 

Pacific  States 
C.      (Sat3Tus)      alope     var.     nepheJe 

Kirby.     Atlantic  States 
C.   (Satyrus)   gabbii  Edzc.     Arizona 
C.  (Satyrus)  meadii  Edzv.     Colorado 
C.   (Satyrus)    sylvestris    Edzc.     Cali- 
fornia 
C.   (Satyrus)    sylvestris   var.    charon 

Edzv.    Nevada 
Gyrocheilus  tritonia  Edzv.     Arizona 
Aphantopus      (Satyrus)      hyperantus 

Linn.     Europe 
Satyrus  fidia  Linn.     Europe 
S.  statilinus  Hufn.     Asia,  Europe 
S.  statilinus      var.      allionia      Fabr. 

Europe 
S.  arethusa  F.sp.     Europe 
S.  semele  Linn.     Europe 
S.  semele  var.  aristaeus  Bon.   Europe 
S.  anthe  Och.     Europe 
S.  briscis  Linn.     Europe 
S.  hermione  Linn.     Europe 
S.  alcyone  Schiff.     Europe 


S.  circe  Fabr.     Europe 

S.  dryas  Scop,  (phaedra  Linn.) 

S.  actaea  Esp.  var.  cordula  Fabr. 
Europe 

S.  actaea  var.  bryce  Hiibn.  Cau- 
casus 

Erebia  tyndarus  Esp.     Germany 

E.  tyndarus  (z'ar.  callias  Edzv.). 
Colorado 

E.  disa  Thunb.     Europe 

E.  melampus  Fiicssl.     Europe 

E.  mnestra  Hiibn.     Alps,  Europe 

E.  arete  Fabr.     Schwerin,  Germany 

E.  pharte  Hiibn.     Europe 

E.  manto  F.sp.     Europe 

E.  ccto   Hiibn.     Europe 

E.  medusa  Fabr.     Europe 

E.  medusa  var.  polaris  Stcgr.  Europe 

E.  medusa  var.  psodea  Hiibn.  Europe 

E.  oeme  Hiibn.     Europe 

E.  glacialis  Esp.  var.  alecto  Hiibn. 
Europe 

E.  stygne  Och.     Europe 

E.  afer  Esp.     Russia 

E.  gorge  Esp.     Alps,  Europe 

E.  goante  Esp.     Europe 

E.  pronoe  Esp.     Europe 

\\.  pronoc  Z'ar.  pitho  Hiibn.     luirope 

E.  aethiops  Esp.     Europe 

E.  ligea  Linn.     Europe 

E.  euryale  Esp.     Europe 

E.  epistigne  Hiibn.     France 

E.  evias  Gcdt.     France 

E.  epiphron  Knock  var.  cassirp:  Fabr. 
Schwerin,  Germany 

Xeominois  (Satyrus)  ridingsii  Edzv. 
Colorado 


72 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Neominois    dionysius    Sciidd.     Colo- 
rado 
Coenonympha    californica    Doubt.    & 

Hczv.     California 
C.  elko      Edzu.       (ampelos      Edzv.). 

Nevada,  Massachusetts 
C.  ochracea  Edzv.     Colorado 
C.  typhon  Rott.     Europe 
C.  typhon    Rott.     (inornata    Edz(.'.). 

California 
C.  iphis  Schitf.     Europe 
C.  arcania  Linn.     Europe 
C.  arcania     z'ar.     darwiniana    Stcgr. 

Europe 
C.  arcania  var.  satyrion  Esp.    France 
C.  amaryllis  Cram.     Europe 
C.  pamphilus   Linn.    var.    lyllus   Esp. 

Europe 
C.  oedippus  Fabr.     Europe 
C.  hero  Linn.     Europe 
Triphysa  phryne  Pall.     Siberia 
Enodia      (Dcbis)     portlandia     Fabr. 

Ohio,  Atlantic  States 
Satyrodes       (Neonyniplia)       cantluis 

Linn.     New  York 
Oeneis  (Chionobas  californica  Boisd.) 

nevadensis       Fcldcr.         California, 

Washington 
O.   (Chionobas)    chryxus    Doubl.    & 

Hew.    Wisconsin,  Colorado 
O.  jutta  Hitbn.     Labrador 
O.  uhleri  Rcak.     Colorado 
O.  noma  Thunb.  var.  taygete  Iliibn. 

North  Labrador 
O.  noma  var.   scmidca   Say.     Wiiitc 

mts 
O.  aello  Esp.     Europe 
O.  bore  Sclin.     Europe 
Pararge  acgcria  Linn.     Europe 
P.  achine    Scop,     (dcjanira     Linn.). 

I'',urf>pe 


P.  climene  Esp.     Russia 

P.  mcgera  Linn.     Europe 

P.  megera  var.  lyssa  Iliibn.     Europe 

P.  hiera  /*"(//';■.     Europe 

P.  maera  Linn.     Europe 

P.  maera  var.  adrasta  Hiibn.    Europe 

Neonympha  gemma  Hiibn.     Southern 

States 
N.  henshawii  Edii.:     Rocky  mts 
N.  phocion  Fabr.     Southern  States 
Cissia    (Neonympha)    eurytus    Fabr. 

New  York 
C.   (Neonympha)       sosybius       Fabr. 

Florida,  Texas 
C.   (Neonympha)       rubricata      Edzv. 

Arizona 
Epinephele  jurtina  Linn.     Europe 
E.  jurtina  Linn.  var.  hispulla  Hiibn. 

Spain 
E.  ida  Esp.     Europe 
E.  pasiphae  Esp.     Europe 
E.  lycaon  Rott.     Hungary 
E.  wagneri  Hcrr.-Schacf.   Persia 
E.  abeona  Don.     New  South  Wales 
Xenica  achanta  Don.     South  Wales 
Heteronympha    niorope   Fabr.      Aus- 
tralia 
Euptychia    niollina    Hiibn.      Amazon 

river 
E.  libye  Li)in.     Central  America 
E.  herse  Cram.     Soutii  America 
E.  hesione  .Sub.     South  America 
E.  mynceoidcs  Stcgr.     Panama 
Cithaerias    andromeda    F'abr.     Brazil 
Ilactera  hypacsia  Hczc.     Bogota 
Pierclla  nereis  Dm.     Brazil 
P.  lena   /./;;/(.     I\ru 
P.  (Iraconli-^  Iliibn.     Para 
Mclanilis  Kda  /./;/;/.     Australia 


Morphinae 


Thaumantis  camadeva  IVcstzc.  Him- 
alaya mts 

Morpho  sulkowskyi  Koll.     Ecuador 

M.  menclaus  Linn.     Brazil 

1\I.  achillcs  /.inn.  var.  hcl(iK>r  Criiiii 
P.razil 

M.  achilles  zuir.  Iconle  Iliibn.     P.razil 


M.  arhillcs  z'ar.  leonte  achiilaena 
Hiibn.     Guiana 

M.  achillcs  var.  patroclus  Fcld.    Peru 

AT.  achilles  zmr.  coelestis  Buil.  Bra- 
zil 

M.  .li.lius  //,-/-/r.     Peru 

M.  liercules  Dalm.     Amazon  river 

M.  lacrtcs  Dru.     Brazil 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


73 


Caligo  ilioneus  Cram.     Brazil 
C.  eurylochus  Cram.    Brazil 


Brassolinae 

C.  idomeneus  Linn.     Surinam 
C.  teucer  Linn.     Brazil 


Acraeinae 


Acraea  andromacha  Fabr.     Australia 
A.  Serena  Fabr.    Africa 
A.  vesta  Fabr.    India 
A.  arganice  Hew.     Natal 


A.  anteas    Douhl.    &■    IIciv. 

zuela 
A.  diceus  Latr.     Peru 


Vene- 


Heliconidae 


Apostraphia  (Heliconius)  charithonia 

Linn.     Florida 
Heliconius  melpomene  Linn.     Bogota 
H.  estrella  Bates.     South  America    • 
H.  petiverana  Doubl.     Brazil 
H.  vesta  Cram.     Columbia 
H.  phyllis  Fabr.     Brazil 
H.  burneyi  Hiibn.     Brazil 
H.  fornarina  Hew.     Costa  Rica 
H.  leuce  Doubl.     Brazil 
H.  clydno  Doubl.     Brazil 
H.  pochinus  Salv.     Columbia 


H.  rhea  Cram.     Brazil,  Bogota 

H.  apseudes  Hiibn.     Amazon  river 

H.  hermathena  Hew.     Brazil 

H.  erato  Linn.    Brazil 

H.  erato  var.  doris  Linn.     Brazil 

H.  neumata  Cram.     Central  America 

H.  eucrate  Hiibn.     Brazil 

H.  antiochus  Linn.     Bogota 

Eueides  aliphera  Godt.     Bogota 

E.  thales  Cram.     Bogota 

E.  lybia  Fabr.     Amazon  river 

E.  isabella   Cram.     Amazon   river 


Ithomiidae 


Dircenna  klugii  Hiibn.    Brazil,  Guate- 
mala 
Hamadryas  zoilus  Fabr.    Brazil 
Lycorea       cleobaea       Godt.       South 

America 
L.  halia  Hiibn.     Brazil 
L.  pasinuntia  Cram.     Amazon  river 
Thyridia  psidii  Linn.     Bogota 
Aprotopos    aedesia    Doubl.     Amazon 

river 
Ccratinia     vallonia     Hew.      Amazon 

river 
Mcchanitis  polymnia  Linn.     Brazil 
M.  polymnia     var.     lysimnia     Fabr. 
Brazil 


Ithomia  flora  Cram.     Brazil 

I.  sao     Hiibn.     var.     antisao     Bates. 

Bogota 
I.  eurimedia  Cram.      Brazil 
I.  diaphanus  Dm.     South  America 
I.  oto  Hew.     Costa  Rica 
Melinaea  egina  Cram.     Amazon  river 
M.  mneme  Linn.     Amazon  river 
M.  lilis    Hezv.    var.     imitata     Bates. 

Costa  Rica 
Tithorea     tarracina     Hezu.      Central 

America 
T.  harmonia     Cram.     var.     cuaprina 

Bates.     South  America 


Lymnadidae 


Anosia  (Danais  erippus  Cram.)  plex- 
ippus  Linn.    Jamaica,   New   York, 

.    Java 

A.  berenice  Cram.    Texas 

A.  (Danais)  berenice  var.  strigosa 
Bates.     Mexico 


Danais  plcxaure  Godt.     Brazil 
D.  albata  Zink,    Java 
D.  melenaus  Cram.     Celebes 
D.  aglca  Cram.  var.  luzoncnsis  Feld. 
D.  aglea       z-ar.       grammica       Boisd. 
Cochin  China 


74 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MLSKTM 


Daiiais   limniacc  Cram.     India 

D.  limniace      ivr.       hamata      Mad. 

Queensland 
D.  juventa  Cram.    Java 
D.  similis  Linn.     Malacca 
D.  chrysippus  Lin)i.     Cochin  China 
D.  chrysippus    var.     alcippus     Cram. 

Africa 
D.  gilippus  Cram.     Brazil 
D.    gilippus   z'ar.    jamaicensis    Bates. 

Jamaica 


Hestia  blanchardii  March.     Celebes 

Ideopsis  vitrea  BlancJi.     Moluccas 

Amauris  egilaea  Cram.     Java 

Euploea  godartii  Luc.     Cochin  China 

E.  core  Cram.     India 

E.  hyems  Butl.     Australia 

E.  diocletia  Hiibn.    Philippine  Islands 

E.  midamus  Linn.     China 

E.  elcutho    Qnoy   var.    helcita   Boisd. 

(montrouzieri         Ncivm.).         Fiji 

Islands 


Libytheidae 

Hypatus   (Libythea)   carincnta  Cram.    I    Libytiiea  celtis  Fucss. 


Texas 


luirope 


L.  motva  Boisd.     Cub 


Erycinidae 

Nemeobius  lucina  Linn.     Europe 


Lemoniidae 


Alesa  aniosis  Cram.     Cayenne 
Eurybia  nicacus  Fabr.     Brazil 
Mesosemia  traga  Hezv.     Para 
M.  crocsus  Fabr.     Amazon   river 
Ancyluris  eryxo  Sound.     Peru 
A.  aulestes  Cram.     Brazil 
Apodemia  epulus  Cram.     Brazil 
Stalachtis  phlegia  Cram.     Brazil 
S.  Susanna  Fabr.     South  America 


S.  culerpe  Linn.     Pinj^ota 
S.  evelina   But!.     Amazon   river 
S.  striata  Gucr.     Bogota 
Lemonias  emylius  Cram,     (luiana 
L.  pseudocrispus  \\'cstzi\     Brazil 
Helicopis  endymion  Cram.     Surinam 
Nymphalidiu'.n    caricae    /,///)/.     South 
America 


Riodinidae 


Chrysobia  (Lemonias)  cytlicra  F.dii.'. 
California 

C.  (Lemonias)  virgulti  Bchr.  Cali- 
fornia 

Polystigma  (Lemonias)  nais  F.dn'. 
Arizona 


P.  (Lemonias)  palmerii  F.dic.  Ari- 
zona 

Emesis  (Lemonias)  zela  Kuil  var. 
cleis  F.dw.     Arizona 

v..  lucinda   Cram.      Brazil 

C^aleplielis  caenius  /./)/)/.     l"li>ri;!a 


Lycaenidae 


Eumaeus      (  lunneiiia )      atala      I'ocy. 

I-lorida 
Ifabrodias     Cihecla)     j^rumis    lioisd. 

California 
llypaurotis    (Iheda)    crysalus    lidn: 

Colorado 
Atiides       Ciliecla)       habsus      Cram. 

Texas 


I'ranotes      (  I'liecla      Iiumnli      llarr.) 
nieiimis  Iliibn.      i'ioiida 

Tliecla  favonius  \m.  <'r  .Ihh.    blurida 

1".  acadica  /-Jtc.     Oliii 
T.  californica   /i(/.\'.     ('alifoniia 
T.  edwardsii  .S'aund.     New  York 
T.   uillfeldii  /;r/a'.      I'lorida 
'!'.  calanus  lluhn.     New  ^'ork 


REPORT    OF    Till-:    SPATK    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


Thecia     liparops     Boisd.      (strigosa 

Harr.).     New  York 
T.  saepium  Boisd.     Pacitic  States 
T.  blenina  Hcn'.  (siva  Edzv.).   Texas 
T.  erix  Cram.     Brazil 
T.  syncellus  Cram.     Brazil 
T.  marsyas  Linn.     Rio  de  Janeiro 
T.  linus  Sulz.     Surinam 
T.  pelion  Cram.     Brazil 
T.  hemon  Cram.     South  America 
T.  pholeus  Cram.     Brazil 
T.  phaleros  Linn.     Brazil 
T.   (Lycaena)  caranus  Cram.    Bogota 
T.  spini  Schiff.     Siberia 
T.  w-album  Knock.     Europe 
T.  ilicis  Esp.     Europe 
T.  acaciae  Fahr.     Europe 
T.  pruni  Linn.     Europe 
Mitoura    (Thecia   smilacis  Boisd.    & 

Lcc.)     damon     Cram.     New  York 
Calycopis      (Thecia     poeas     Hiibn.) 

cecrops  Fabr.     Florida 
Incisalia    (Thecia)    augustus    Kirhy. 

New  York 
I.   (Thecia)   irus  Godt.     New  York 
I.   (Thecia)      niphon      Hiibn.       New 

York 
Callophrys       (Thecia)       dumetoriuni 

Boisd.     California 
C.  rubi  Linn.     Europe 
Strymon   (Thecia)   titus  Fabr.     New 

York 
Zephyrus  quercus  Linn.     Europe 
Z.  betulae  Linn.     Europe 
Feniseca  tarquinius  Fabr.    New  York 
Tharsalea       (Lycaena)       virginiensis 

Edzi.'.     Colorado 
Gaeides    (Polyomniatus)    xantlioides 

Boisd.     California 
G.   (Polyomniatus)       dinne       .Scudd. 

Kansas 
G.   (Polyomniatus)      gorgon      Boisd. 

California 
Thestor  hallus  Fabr.     Europe 
Chrysophaiuis     thoe     Boisd.       Ohio, 

New  York 
C.   (Polyomniatus)       plilacas       I.iiiii. 

Europe 
C.   (Polyomniatus)        phlaeas       7ar. 

elcus  Fabr.     Europe 


C.   (Polyomniatus)      alciphron     Rott. 

Europe 
C.    (Lycaena)   alciphron  z'ar.  gordius 

Suls.     Europe 
C.   (Polyomniatus)   ainphidainas  Esp. 

Siberia 
C.    (Polyomniatus)    ampliidanias  var. 

obscura    Wcrnb. 
C.   (Polyomniatus)    virgaureae   Li)in. 

Europe 
C.   (Polyomniatus)     thcrsanion    F^sp. 

Europe 
C.   (Polyomniatus)        caspius       Led. 

Russia 
C.   (Polyomniatus)   dispar  Hai<^'.  var. 

rutilus  IVernb. 
C.    (Polyomniatus)    hippothoe     Linn. 

Europe 
C.   (Polyomniatus)       dorilis       Hufn. 

Europe 
Epidemia    (Chrysophanus)    hclloides 

Boisd.     Colorado 
E.   (Polyomniatus)    epixanthe   Boisd. 

&  Lcc.     Maine 
Heodes    (Chrysophanus)    hypophleas 

Boisd.     New  York 
Chalceria      (Polyomniatus)      ruhidus 

Edzv.     Montana 
C.    (Polyomniatus)      rubidus     var. 

sirius  Edzv.     Colorado 
Cupido    (Lycaena)    lieteronea    Boisd. 

Colorado 
C.   (Lycaena)    lycea  Edzv.     Colorado 
C.    (Lycaena    daedalus   Behr.)    icari- 

oides  Boisd.     Colorado 
C.   (Lycaena)  saepiolus /)^o;.s-(/.     Colo- 
rado 
C.   (Lycaena)      pheres     Boisd.     Z'ar. 

evius  Boisd.     Mt  Hood 
C.   ( Lycaena)  nyseus  Gucr.     India 
C.   (Lycaena)    cassius    Cram.     South 

America 
Noniiades    (Lycaena)    antiacis   Boisd. 

California 
N.    (Lycaena)  lygdamas  Doubl.   Wis- 
consin, Colorado 
Phacxlrotes  (Lycaena  lorquinii  Bchr.) 

sagittigera  Fcld.     California 
Philotes    (Lycaena)    sonorensis  Fcld. 

California 


76 


XEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Agriades     (Lycaena)     aquilo    Boisd. 

Europe,  Labrador 
A.   (Lycaena)     rustica    Edzv.      Colo- 
rado 
Rusticus      (Lycaena)      shasta     Edzv. 

Colorado 
R.   (Lycaena)  melissa  Edw.     Nevada 
R.   (Lycaena)    scudderi   Edw.      New 

York 
R.  (Lycaena)  acmon  Doiibl.  &  Hew. 

California 
R.   (Lycaena)  anna  Edw.     California 
Lycaena  argiades  Pall.     Europe 
L.  argus  Linn.     Europe 
L.  sephyrus  Friv.     Russia 
L.  alcedo  Chrysto.     Russia 
L.  optilete  Knock.     Europe 
L.  orion       Pall.       (battus      Hi'ibn.). 

Europe 
L.  orbitulus  Prun.     Europe 
L.  pheretes     Hiibn.      (atys     Hilbn.). 

Europe 
L.  astrarche    Bgstr.     (alcxis    Hiibn.) 

var.  allous  Hilbn.     Europe 
L.  eumedon  Esp.     Europe 
L.  amandus  Schn.     Europe 
L.  eros  Och.    Alps 
L.  eros  var.  eroidcs  Friv.     Russia 
L.  icarus  Rott.    Europe 
L.  icarus  var.  icarinus  Serif.     Europe 
L.  hylas      Esp.       ("dorylas      Hiibn.). 

Europe 
L.  bellargus    Rott.     (adonis    Hiibn.). 
Europe 
-.  hylas  Esp.     France 
..  coridon  Poda.     Europe 
..  coridon       var.       caucasica       Led. 

Russia 
..  crschoffii  Led.     Persia 
..  mclcager  Esp.     Europe 
^.  nicleager      var.       stcevcnii       Frr. 

Russia 
..  admctus  Esp.     Europe 
..  adnictus  var.   ripartii  Frr.     Russia 


L.  damon  Schiff.     Europe 

L.  damone  Ever.     Russia 

L.  damone  var.  carmon  Herr.-Schaef. 
(eurpilus  Frey).     Russia 

L.  semiargus    Rott.    (argiolus   Esp.) 
(termiagus  Butl.).     Europe 

L.  scbrus  Boisd.     France 

L.  cyllarus  Rott.     Europe 

L.  melanops  Boisd.     France 

L.  jolas  Oehs.     Europe 

L.  alcon  Fabr.     Europe 

L.  euphemus        Hiibn.         (diomedcs 
Rott.).     Europe 

L.  arion  Linn.     Europe 

L.  areas  Rott.     Europe 

Cyaniris      ladon      Cram.       (Lycaena 
pseudargiolus  Linn.).     Illinois 

C.  ladon     var.     lucia     Kirb\.       New 
York 

C.  ladon    var.    violacea    Edw.       Vir- 
ginia 

C.  ladon   var.    cinerca      Edzv.      Ari- 
zona 

C.  ladon    var.    neglecta    Edzv.      New 
York 

C.  ladon  var.  piasus  Boisd.     Califor- 
nia 

Evcrcs     (Lycaena)    aniynlu'.a    Boisd. 
California 

E.   (Lycaena)    comvntas  Godt.     New 
York 

Ikniiargus  isola  Real;.  (Lycaena  alee 
Edzv.).    Texas 

I.   (Lycaena)   gyas  F.dzv.     Texas 
I.  Iianno     Stall.      (Lycaena      filenus 
I'oey).     Georgia 
I.    (  Lycaena)  aininon /.»(•(;.?.   I'lorida 
lirpliidiuin     (Lycaena)     isoi)lithalina 

llerr.-Schaef.     I-"lorida 
'..   (Lycaena)  cxilis  Boisd.     Texas 
.(■ptotes     (Lycaena)     marina    Reak. 
South  California 

I,ain])idcs    (Lycaena)    bieticus    Linn. 
I'.iirope 


Megathynnis    ynrr 
I''lf>ri(la 


ao    lh,isd. 


Megathymidae 

&    Lee.    I    M.  rnfariui  Sti 


k.     Texas 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE   EXTOMOLOGIST    I907 


71 


Hesperiidae 


Pyrrhopyga  phidias  Linn.     Bogota 

P.  sp.     Peru 

P.  acastus   Cram.     Georgia 

P.  genetus  Fabr.     Brazil 

Entheus  peleus  Linn.    Brazil 

E.  busiris  Fabr.     Brazil 

E.  vitreus  Cram.     South  America 

Amblyscirtcs  vialis  Edzu.     New  York 

Carcharodus    (Erynnis)    alceae   Esp. 

Europe 
C.   (Erynnis)   lavatherae  Esp.     Hun- 
gary 
Heteropterus  morpheus  Pall.    Europe 
Pamphila    palaemon   Pall.    (Cartero- 

cephalus    mandan   Edw.).      Maine, 

New  York,  Europe 
P.   (Carterocephalus)    silvius  Knock. 

Europe 
Ancyloxypha     numitor    Fabr.      New 

York,  Ohio 
Copaeodes     (Heteropterus)      procris 

Ediv.    Texas 
Oarisma     (Pamphila)     garita    Rcak. 

Colorado 
Poanes  (Pamphila)  massasoit  Scudd. 

New  York 
Atrytone   (Pamphila)   zabulon  Boisd. 

&  Lee.     Ohio 
A.  hobomok     Harr.      Massachusetts, 

New  York 
A.   (Pamphila      zabulon)       hobomok 

var.  pocahontas  Seudd.     Ohio 
Augiades    (Pamphila)    sylvanus  Esp. 

Europe 
Erynnis     (Pamphila)     comma    Linn. 

New  Mexico,  Colorado,  Europe 
E.   (Pamphila)   comma  var.  Colorado 

Scudd.     Colorado 
E.   (Pamphila)         sassacus        Ilarr. 

Maine 
E.   (Pamphila)         pawnee        Dodge. 

Nebraska 
E.   (Pamphila)   ottoe  Edzu.     Kansas 
E.   (Pamphila)  napa.  Edzv.     Colorado 
E.   (Pamphila)    metea   Scudd.      New 

York 
E.  (Pamphila)   carus  Edzv.    Jamaica 
E.  (Pamphila)  uncas  Edzu.     Florida 


Anthomaster  (Pamphila)  snowi    Edzu. 

New  Mexico 
A.   (Pamphila)        leonardus       Harr. 

New  York 
A.   (Pamphila)       nemorum       Boisd. 

Washington 
A.   (Pamphila)      sylvanoides     Boisd. 

California 
A.   (Pamphila)         agricola        Boisd. 

Colorado 
Hylephila    (Pamphila    huron    Edzu.) 

campestris  Boisd.    Wisconsin 
H.   (Pamphila)  phylaeus  Dru.  Texas 
Thymelicus        (Pamphila)        brettus 

Boisd.  &  Lee.     Florida 
T.   (Pamphila)     draco    Ediu.      Colo- 
rado 
T.   (Pamphila)     otho    Sm.    &    Abb. 

Florida 
T.   (Pamphila)    otho    var.'  egcremet 

Seudd.   Massachusetts 
T.   (Pamphila)    mystic  Seudd.     New 

York 
T.   (Pamphila)  siris  Ediu.    Washing- 
ton 
T.    (Pamphila)  cernes  Boisd.  &  Lee. 

New  York 
Adopaca       (Thymelicus)       thaumas 

Hufn.     Europe 
A.   (Thymelicus)  lineola         Och. 

Europe 
A.    (Thymelicus)    acteon   Rott.     Ger- 
many 
Polites    (Pamphila)     sabulcti    Boisd. 

California 
P.    (Pamphila)    peckius  Kirby.     New 

York 
Euphycs      (Pamphila)      verna     F:diu. 

Ohio 
F.  vestris      Boisd.     var.      metacomct 

Harr.     New  York 
E.   (Pamphila)  cufala  Edzu.     Florida 
Lerema    (Pamphila)    accius    Sin.    & 

Abb.      Florida 
L.   (Pamphila)    hianna   Scudd.     New 

York 
Oligoria    (Pamphila)    maculata  Edzv. 

Florida 


78 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Prenes   (Panipliila)   panoquin  Scudd. 

Florida 
P.   (Pamphila)    ocola   Edz,:     Florida 
Calpodes    (Pamphila)    etiilius    Cram. 

Jamaica,  Florida 
Limochroes       (Pamphila)      biniacula 

Grt.  &  Rob.     New  York 
L.   (Pamphila)   pontiac  Edzv.     Ohio 
L.   ( Pamphila)     manataaqua     Scudd. 

New  York 
L.   (Pamphila)    arpa   Boisd.    &   Lcc. 

Florida 
L.   (Pamphila)    byssus   Edn'.     Texas 
Phycanassa   (Pamphila)   viator  Edii.\ 

Florida 
P.  vitellius    Eabr.     (Panipliila     dcla- 

vvareZ:</w.).     Florida 
P.  arogos     Boisd.     (Pamphila     iowu 

Scudd.).     Nebraska 
Erycidcs  amyntas  Fabr.     Texas 
Eudamus  proteus  Linn.     Florida 
E.  sp.     Mexico 
Epargyreus    (Thymcle)   tityrus  fabr. 

New  York 
Thymele  antaeus  Hczv.     Brazil 
T.  exadeus  Cram.     South  America 
Rhab.loides  (Eudamus)  cellus  Boisd. 

&  Lcc.     Arizona 
Telegonus  fulgerator   Jl'alcli.     P.razil 
T.  habana  Luc.     Cuba 
T.  talus  Cram.     Santo  Domingo 
Achlarus   (Eudamus)  lycidas  .S';;i.  it- 

Abb.     New  York 
Thorybes   (Eudamus)   hipi)alus  /u/.\'. 

Arizona 
T.  caicus    Ilcrr.-Scluu-f.       (luidanuis 

moschus  Edzi'.).     Arizona 
'J".   (Eudamus)  bathyllus  Sm.  &  Abb. 

N(trlh  Carolina,  Kansas 
T.   (Aethilla)     i-sladis    .V<ia/(/.     New 

York 
Achylodes  lassia  llcw.     P.razil 
A.  busirus  Cram.     I'wazii 
Pholisora  catulhis  luil>r.     New  York. 

Tennessee 
P.  ccos  lidiV.     Arizona 
P.  hayluirstii  lidxv.     Wisconsin 


P.   (Nisoniadcs)        alpheus        Edzv. 

Arizona 
Systasea   pulverulenta   Ecld.    (zampa 

Edz.'.).     Texas 
Antigonus  crosus  Hiibn.     Brazil 
Pythonides      tryxus      Cram.       South 

America 
Thanaos     (Nisoniades)     tages    Linn. 

Europe 
T.   (Nisoniades)  brizo  Buisd.  &  Lcc. 

New  York 
T.    (Nisoniadcs)    icclus   Lintn.     New 

York 
T.    (Nisoniadcs)  lucilius  Lintn.    New 

York 
T.   (Nisoniadcs)        pcrsius        Scudd. 

New  York 
T.   (Nisoniadcs)       martialis      Scudd. 

New  York 
T.   (Nisoniades)       juvcnalis       /•"(//';-. 

New  York,  Kansas,  Florida 
T.    (Nisoniadcs)      propcrlius      Lintn. 

Vancouver 
T.   (Nisoniadcs)         nacvius        Lintn. 

1-lorida 
T.    (Xisoniadcs)    funeralis  Scudd.   & 

l^crg.     Texas 
Ilcsperia    (Pyrgns)    Icssillala   Scudd. 

Kansas 
II.    (Pyrgus)  cacspitalis  Boisd.  Colo- 

r;i(ln' 
1 1,  cartliaini  I liihu.     luiroj)!.' 
11.    (  Ssrichllius)       sri-r,ilul;u-      k'ninb. 

1 1,  alvcus  Iliihn.     iMimpr 

II.   (Syrichlhus)        cicali.u-       Kamb. 

II.  ccnt.iurr.u'   h'iinib.     Sc,iii<iin:ivi.i 

I  I.  cyMar;ir   luinih.      Knssi.i 

I  I.   Mi;il\;u-   I. inn.      \\\\vn\)c 

II.   sa..    Iliil'u.      I'.nr.ipc 

II.    (Syriclitlms)         .,rl.il\r  ///(/-;;. 

I'Jlldpc 
i,ruc(icliil(iiu;i    .ii-s.-iltc    /./;/;/.      .Snulli 

Anicric'i 
'iVapcziles  iacchus  Enbr.     .Auslrali.'i 


RKPORT    OF    TIIF.    STATP:    F.XTOMOLOGIST    IQO/ 


70 


Sphingidae 


Ilcniaris   diiilinis   Boisd.     New   York, 

Canada 
H.  diffinis   7vr.   axillaris   Grt.  &  Rob. 

(marginalis   Grt.) 
H.  diffinis  z'ar.  tenuis  Grt.  New  York 
H.  diffinis    var.   thetis    Grt.    &   Rob. 

California  ■ 
H.  gracilis  Grt.   &  Rob.     New  York 
H.  tliysbe  Fabr.     New  York 
H.  thysbe  var.  ruficaudis  Kirby.  {var. 

uniformis.      Grt.    &   Rob.).      New 

York 
H.  fuciformis    Linn,    (bombyliformis 

Och.).     Europe 
Macroglossa    (Hcmaris)    stellatarn  n 

Linn.     Europe 
M.   (Hemaris)  croatica  Esp.    Europe 
M.  hylas   ?     Java 
Lepisesia         (Pogocolon)         clarkiae 

Boisd.     South  California 
Aellopos       tantalus       Linn.        (titan 

Cram.).     Mexico 
Metopsilus      (Deilephila)       porcellus 

Linn.     Europe 
M.   (Pergesa)  acteus  Cram.     Brazil 
Pterogon  proserpina  Pall.     Europe 
Triptogon     lugubris     Linn.      fEnyo- 

camertus  Cram.).  Florida,  Jamaica 
Pachygonia  subhamata  ]\'alk.   fcalig- 

nosa  Feld.).     Brazil 
Amphion   nessus   Cratn.     New   York, 

Nebraska 
Sphecodina  (Thyreus)  abbotii  Szi'ain. 

New  York 
Chaerocampa      (Deilephila)      celerio 

Linn.     Asia,  Europe 
C.   (Deilephila)   alecto  Linn.     Europe 

C.  (Deilephila)  elpcnor  Linn. 
Europe 

Deilephila  gallii  Rott.      (chamoeneru 
Kan.).  New  York.  Canada,  Europe 

D.  Hneata  Fabr.     New  York 

D.  lineata  var.  livornica   Esp.      Dal- 

matia 
D.  vespertilio  Esp.     Europe 
D.  hippophacs  Esp.     Europe 
D.  euphorbiae  Linn.     Europe 
D.  dahlii  Hiibn.     Europe 


Linn. 


Drit. 


Daiihnis      (  Deikphila)      norii     IJiin. 

Europe 
Theretra   (Chaerocampa)    ti 

Jamaica.  Morida 
T.    (Chaerocampa)         chir(j 

Brazil 
Argcus      labruscae      /.;;;».       Florida, 

Paraguay 
Pachylia  ficus  Linn.     Cuba 
P.  inornata  Clem.     Brazil 
Ambulyx  strigilis  Linn.     Brazil 
Pholus  linnei  Grt.  &  Rob.     Brazil 
P.  (Philampelus)  vitis  Linn.   Georgia 
P.  pandorus  Hiibn.     New  York 
P.  achemon  Dm.     New  York 
Philampelus      (Pholus)      anchemolus 

Cram.     Brazil 
Ampelophaga       (Everyx)      choerilus 

Cram.     New  York 
A.  myron  Cram.     United  States 
A.  versicolor  Harr.     Long  Island 
Cocytius    (Macrosila)     antaeus    Dm. 

Brazil 

C.  (Sphinx)  clucntius  Cram. 
Jamaica 

Pseudosphinx  tetrio  Linn.     Cuba 
Dilophonota       ello       Linn.        Brazil. 
Florida 

D.  alope     Dm.     (cdwardsii     Btiti). 
Florida 

D.  obscura  Fabr.     Florida 
Cautethia    noctuiformis     JValk.    v.v: 

grotei  Hy.  Edic.     Florida 
PIdegethontius  quinquemaculata  Han.'. 

(celeus  Hiibn.).     New   York.  Ohio 
P.  sexta     Johan.      (Carolina     Linn). 

New  York 
P.   ruslica  Fabr.     Ceorgia 
P.   (Sphinx)  convolvuli 

Europe,  Asia 
P.  convolvuli     var.     cingulata 

Georgia,  Kansas 
P.   (Protoparce)      jamaicensis 

Jamaica 
P.  roseofasciata   Koch.    (Sphinx   dis- 

tans  ButL).     Jamaica 
P.   (Sphinx)  paphus  .Stoll.   Paraguay 
Hyloicus     (Sphinx)     pinastri    Linn. 

Europe 


Linn. 
Fabr. 
But!. 


8o 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Sphinx   kalmiac  Sni.    &   Abb.     New- 
York,  Maine 
S.  drupiferarum       Sm.       &       Abb. 

Canada,  Maine,  New  York 
S.  perelegans  Hy.  Edzv.     California 
S.  gordius  Stoll.     New  York 
S.  lucitiosa  Clem.     Maine 
S.  chersis  Hiibtt.     Maine 
S.   (Hyloicus)  sequoiae  Boisd.     Cali- 
fornia 
S.  canadensis  Boisd.     New  York 
S.  andromeda       Boisd.        (scparadis 

Newm.).    New  Mexico 
S.  lugens  Walk.    Kansas 
S.  eremitus  Hi'ibn.     New  York 
S.   (Hyloicus)  plebeia  Fabr.    Georgia, 

Texas 
S.  ligustri  Linn.     Europe 
Dolba  hylaeus  Dm.     New  York 
Ceratomia  amyntor  Hiibn.  Ohio,  New 

York 
C.   (Daremma)        undulosa        Walk. 

New  York,  Ohio 
C.   (Daremma)   hageni  Grt.     Kansas 
C.   (Daremma)        catalpae         Boisd. 
Florida 


Lapara  (Ellcma)  bombycoides  Walk. 

New  York 
L.   (Ellenia)     pincuin    Liittn.      New 

York 
L.   (Ellema)  coniiura.ru:n  Sin.  &  Abb. 

Southern  States 
Marumba  (Triptogon)  modcsta  Hair. 

New  York 
Dilina      (Smerinthus)      tiliac     Liiiii. 

Russia 
Smerinthus  janiaiconsis  Dm.    (gemi- 

natus  Say).    New  York 
S.  cerysii  Kirby.     New  York 
S.  cerysii    var.    ophthalmicus    Boisd. 

California 
S.  qucrcus   Scliiff.      Europe 
S.  occllata  Linn.     Europe 
S.  populi  Linn.     Europe 
Paonias     excaccatus     .S";;;.     &     Abb. 

Maine 
P.   (Calasymbolus)     myops     Sin.     &f 

Abb.     New  Jersey 
P.   (Calasymbolus)        astylus       Dm 

New  Jersey 
Cressonia    juglandis     Sin.     &    Abb. 

New  York 
Acherontia  atropos  Linn.     Europe 


Antheraea  pcrnyi  6'»r;'.     Japan,  (Xcw 

York,  from  eggs) 
A.  pcrnyi  var.  yamamai  Gucr.    Japan 
A.  mylitta  Dm.     India 
Aftacus  atlas  Linn.    Java 
A.  bctis  Walk.     Brazil 
A.  hcspcrus    Linn,     (aurnta    Cram.). 

Rio  de  Janeiro 
Philosamia       cynthia       Dm.       Long 

Island 
Samia    (Platysamia)    cccrnpia    Linn. 

Albany,  N.  Y. 


S.   (Platysamia)        ghivcri 

Dayton,  O. 
S.   (Platysamia)      coluinhia 

Orono,  Mc. 
S.  rubra  Bchr.    n*latysami;i 

Bchr.).     Califnrnia 
Callosamia  promcthca  Dm. 

N.  Y. 


Saturniidae 

C.  angulifcra  Walk.     Long  Island 

Tropca  (Actias)  luna  Linn.     Atlantic 
States,  Mississippi  valley 

Telca    polyphemus    Cram.      Newark, 
N.  J. 

Saturnia  pyri  Scliiff.     Ein'opc 

S.  spini  Schiff.     Europe 

S.  pavonia  Linn.     Russia 

S.  rubrcscens    ?     Chili 

Automeris    (Hypcrchiria)    io  Fabr. 
Orono,  Mc. 

Ilcmileuca  maia   /);;/.     Wisconsin 

If.  iicvadcnsis    Stretch.       (maia    var. 
ncvadensis  Stretch).    Nevada 

Aglia  tan  Linn.     Saxony 

Pseudohazis  eglantcrina  Boisd.    Cali- 
fornia 
Albany.        !'.  lura  llarr.     I'tali 


Strcck 


Smith 


REPORT    OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


Ceratocampidae 


Anisota  stigma  Fabr.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
A.  senatoria    Sm.    &    Abb.     Centre, 

N.  Y. 
A.   (Dryocampa)      rubicunda      Fabr. 

Albany,  N.  Y. 
A.   (Dryocampa)   rubicunda  t-ar.  alba 

Grt.     Douglas  county,  Kan. 
Adelocephala      (Sphingicampa)      bi- 

color  Harr.     Dayton,  O. 


Citheronia  rcgalis  Fabr.     New  York 
C.     (Basilona)  cacicus  IValk.     Brazil 
Hyperchiria  virescens  Ncum.  Buenos 

Ayres 
H.  corescens  Neuni.     Buenos  Ayres 
Basilona     (Eacles)     imperialis    Dru. 

New  York 


Syntomidae 

Syntomis  phegea  Linn.     Europe 
Dysauxes      (Naclia)      ancilla     Linn. 

Europe 
Cosmcsoma    (omphale    Hiibn.)    auge 

Linn.     Florida 
Didasys  belae  Grt.     Florida 
Lymire      (Scepsis)      edwardsi      Grt. 

Florida 
Scepsis  fulvicollis  Hiibn.     New  York 
S.  wrightii  Stretch.     California 
Lycomorpha       (Anatolsnis)       grotei 

Pack.     Colorado 


L.  pholus  Dru.     New  York 
Ctenucha  venosa  JValk.     Texas 
C.  cressonana  Grt.     Colorado 
C.  brunnea  Stretch.     California 
C.  multifaria   Walk.     California 
C.  rubroscapus    Mene.    (walsinghami 

Lly.  Edzu.).     California 
C.  rubroscapus     Mene.     var.     ochro- 

scapus  Grt.  &  Rob.     California 
C.  virginica      Charp.       New      York, 

Ontario 
Dahana  atripennis  Grt.     Florida 


Heterogynidae 

Heterogynis  pcnella  Hiibn.     Europe 


Zygaenidae 


Agyrta  auxo  Litin.     Brazil 
Zygaena  erythrus  Hiibn.     Europe 
Z.  purpuralis  Brun.  (pilosellae  Esp.). 

Europe 
Z.  purpuralis      var.      nubigena     Led. 

Europe 
Z.  brizae  Esp.     Europe 
Z.  scabiosae  Esp.     Europe 
Z.  punctum  Och.     Europe 
7.  cambysea  Led.     Europe 
Z.  armena  Ev.     Europe 
Z.  achilleae  Esp.     Europe 
Z.  cynarae  Esp.     Europe 
Z.   cxulans  Hoch.   &  Rein.     Europe 
7.  mcliloti  Esp.     Europe 
Z.  frifolii  Esp.     Europe 
Z.  loniccrae  Esp.     Europe 
Z.  filipendulae  Linn.     Europe 
Z.  angelicae  Och.    Europe 


Z.  transalpina  Esp.     Eurcpe 

Z.  filipendulae    Linn.    var.    tutti    Rbl. 

(hippocrepides    Hiibn.).     Europe 
Z.  ephialtes  Linn.     Europe 
Z.  ephialtes      var.      coronillac      Esp. 

Europe 
Z.  ephialtes      var.      penccdani      Esp. 

Europe 
Z.  lavandulae  Esp.     Europe 
Z.  rhadamanthus  Esp.     Europe 
Z.  manlia  Led.     Europe 
Z.  laeta  Hiibn.     Europe 
Z.  algira  Dup.     Europe 
Z.  fausta  Linn.     Europe 
Z.  fausta  var.  jucunda  Meis.    Europe 
Z.  carniolica  Scop.     Europe 
Z.  occi'.anica  J 'ill.     Europe 
Z.  occitanica     var.     albicans     Stegr. 

Europe 


82 


XliW    YORK    STAT1-:    MUSEUM 


Aglaopc  infausta  Linn.     Europe 
I  no  ampelophaga  Baylr.     Europe 
I.  pruni  Scltiff.     Europe 
I.  chloros  Hiibii.     Europe 
I.  tenuicornis  Zctt.     Europe 
I.  globulariae  Hiibn.     Europe 
I.  budensis  Spr.     Europe 


I.  statices  Linn.  Europe 
1.  gcrynn  Hiibn.  Europe 
Euchromia    spcrchius     Cram.       West 

Africa 
Glaucopis  pulcliella  Cruni.    Brazil 
(i.  senegalensis  U'alk.     Senegal 
(i.  formosa  Boisd.     Madagascar 


Crambidia  pallida  Puck.     South  Al)- 

ington,  Mass. 
C.  casta   Sanborn    (Lithosia  Candida 

Sanborn).     Saranac  Lake,  N.  Y. 
Hypoprepia   miniata    Kirby    (fuscosa 

z-ar.  miniata  Krb.).  Hamilton,  Ont. 


Lithosiidae 

Clemensia     albata     I'ack.      ilamilloii, 

Ont. 
mice      (Cistliene)      suhjecia      U'a!k'. 

Texas 
T.   (  Byssoi)baga  )  nexa /j('.-.vrf.     Marino 

couiitv.  Cal. 


Eubaphe      laeta      iJucrin       (Crocota 

treatii    Grt.).     Rocklcdge,    Fla. 
E.   (Crocota)      opella      Grt.       Rock- 
ledge,  Fla. 
E.   (Crocota)    aurantiaca   Iliibn.   var. 

rubicundaria      Hiibn.        Rockledgc, 

Fla. 
E.  (Crocota)  aurantiaca  var.  ferrugi- 

nosa  Walk.    Saranac  Lake,  N.  Y. 
Pclosia  muscerda  Hufn.     Pomcrania 
Lithosia  caniola  Hiibn.     Europe 
L.  unita  Hiibn.     Europe 
L.  unita       7Uir.       arideola       Hcrinii,. 

Pomcrania 
L.  sororcula  Hufn.     Europe 
L.  lurideola  Zimk.     Europe 
L.  complana  Linn.     Europe 
Oconistis    (Gnophria)    quadra    Li}tn. 

Europe 
Gnophria  ruhricollis  Linn.     Euro|)c 
Comacla      (Xudaria)      sencx     Hiibn. 

Europe 
Cybosia     (Selina)     nusomella     Linn. 

Fuirope 
luidrosa      (Sctina)      irroreiia     CIrin. 

Europe 
E.    (Sctina)     irroreiia    'rar.    flavi(.aii'< 

Boi.'id.     Europe 
E.   (Sctina)    n.'-ri.l.-,    /  v/-      l"nropc 


Arctiidae 

Paidia      (Nudaria)      nuirina     Hiibn. 

Europe 
Miltochrista     rosacea     Brcni.     (Cali- 

genia   rosea  Fabr.).     Europe 
.M.  miniata      Porst.       {rosea     Lisp.). 

China 
Xudaria  mundana  Linn.     l-"uroi)e 
Deiopoia    inilchella    /.;;/;/.     I".uro])e 
liipocrita   (luichelia)  jacnhaeae /,/);;/. 

Euro])e 
Coscinia      (lunvdia)      crihrum     Linn. 

Europe 
C.    (Emydia)  crihruni  :\ir.  puncligera 

/•";•;■.     dermany 
rtctiieisa  l.ella   /./;/;;.     .\lhany,  N.   Y. 
U.   ornatrix   /./;///.     Si>utli   America 
Haploa         ( CalHiniiri)ha )         clymene 

Br,>wn.     'I\xas 
II.    (Callimorpha  iiUrrrup  omarginala 

ral.  Bi-din:)   clymene  Brown.     At- 
lantic States,  Kansas 
II.   (Callimorpha)   colona  Hiibn.  z'ar. 

reversa    .Slrrtrli.      Douglas    crunty, 

Kan. 
II.      c.Iuna      rar.      fulvicosta      Ch'ni. 

(  Callimuri)lia    Kcunlci    Boi.ul.    v.ir. 

fulvicosta  i'li-ni  ).     Illinois 
II.    (Callimori)iia)       hn^nlei      Uoixd. 

Illinois 
II.    (Callimorpha)    Kconti'i   -I'ar.   con- 

tinis    W'iilk.      Lewis   county.    N.    Y. 


RKPORT    OF    THE    STATIC    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


83 


Ilaploa    (Calliniorpha)    Iccoiitei   var. 

vcstalia     Pack.       Douglas     county, 

Kan. 
Callimorpha     quadripunctaria    Poda. 

(hera  Linn.).     Europe 

C.  dominula  Linn.     Europe 
Axiopoena  inaura  Eiclnvald.     Russia 
Pcricallia  (Plcretes)  mafronula  Linn. 

Europe 
Euerythra  phasnia  Harvey.     Texas 
Ecpantheria  deflorata  Fabr.  (scribonia 

St  oil).    Florida 
Estigmene    (Leucarctia)    acraea  Dru. 

Glenville,  N.  Y. 
E.   (Spilosoina)        congrua        Walk. 

Brockport,  N.  Y. 
Hyphantria      cunea     Dru.        Albany, 

N.Y. 
H.  textor  Harr.     Albany,  N.  Y. 
Isia    (Pyrrharctia)    Isabella    S}n.     & 

Abb.    Albany,  N.  Y. 
Spilosoma  mendica  Clcni.     Holland 
S.  lubricipeda  Linn.     Europe 
S.  menthastri  Esf>.     Europe 
S.  urticae  Esp.     Europe 
Phragmatobia  (Spilosoma)  fuliginosa 

Linn.     Europe 
P.  fuliginosa  Linn,  (rubricosa  Harr.). 

Elliot,  N.  Y. 
Diacrisia        (Spilosoma)        virginica 

Fabr.     Centre,  N.  Y. 

D.  (Spilosoma)     latipennis     Stretch. 
Albany,  N.  Y. 

D.   (Antarctia)    vagans  Boisd. 

D.  sanio  Linn.    (Nemeophila   russula 

Linn.).     Europe 
Arctinia  caesarea  Goczc    (Spilosoma 

luctifera  Esp.).     Europe 
Ocnogyna    corsicum    Rbr.    ( Corsica). 

Europe 
Rhyparia    (Arctia)    purpurata    Linn. 

Europe 
Hyphoraia      (Platarctia)      parthenos 

Han:     Adirondack  mts,  N.  Y. 
Platyprepia      (Epicallia)       virginalis 

Boisd.     California 
Apantesis      (Arctia)       virgo      Linn. 

Hamilton.  Ont. 
A.   (Arctia)         virguncula         Kirby. 

Hamilton,  Ont. 


A.   (Arctia)  michabo  Grt.     Nebraska 
A.  parthenice  Kirby    (Arctia)    saun- 

dersii  Grt.     Adirondack  mts,  N.  Y. 
A.  oitbona  Streclc.    (Arctia  rcctilinea 

L'r.).     Kansas 
A.    (Arctia)  ovnntix  Pack.  var.  avchaiz 

Grt.   &  Rob.     California 
A.   (Arctia)      ornata     var.     ochracea 

Stretch.      California 
A.   (Arctia)      arge     Dru.        Albany, 

N.  Y. 
A.  proxiana  Guer.    (Arctia  mcxicana 

Grt.  &■  Rob.).     California  to  Utah 
A.   (Arctia)  nevadensis  Grt.  &  Rob. 

var.  incorrupta  Hy.  Edzu.    Arizona 
A.   (Arctia)  phyllira  Dru.    Mt  Kisco, 

N.  Y. 
A.   (Arctia)     nais    Dru.      Rockledge, 

Fla. 
Parasemia    (Nemeopbila)   plantaginis 

Linn.     Europe,  Calabar 
Arctia        (Euprepia)        caia       Linn. 

Sharon,  N.  Y. 
Arctia  sp.     Arizona 
A.  flavia  Fucssl.     Europe 
A.  villica  Linn.     Europe 
A.  aulica  Linn.     Europe 
A.  testudinaria     Fourc.      (maculania 

Lang.).     Europe 
A.  hebe  Linn.     Dalmatia 
A.  casta  Esp.     Europe 
A.  spectabilis  Tatisch.     Europe 
Euprepia  pudica  Esp.     Europe 
Ammalo    tenera    Hiibn.     (Euchaetes 

collaris   Fitch).     Hamilton,   Ont. 
Euchaetias     (Euchaetes)     egle    Dru. 

Tiffin,  O. 
E.    (Euchaetes)    orcgonensis   Stretch. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
Eucareon  sylvius  Stoll.     Brazil 
Halisidota    tessellaris    Sm.    &    Abb. 

(tessellata    Sm.    &  Abb.).      Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
H.  maculata  Harr.     Albany,  N.  Y. 
H.  caryae  Harr.     Albany,  N.  Y. 
Euschausia  argentata  Pack.    (Halisi- 
dota  sobrina  Stretch).     California 
Myalurga  fenestra  Linn.     Brazil 


84 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Agaristidae 


Alypia  ridingsii  Grf.     Nevada 
A.  octomaculata  Fabr.     New  York 
Copidryas     gloveri     Grt.     &     Rob. 
Texas 


Agarista  glj'cino  Fabr.     Australia 
A.  picta  Cram.     Queensland 
Ethcnia  dichroa  Hiibn.     Bogota 
Castiiia  phaleris  Guen.     Brazil 


Urania  fulgens  Linn.     Bogota 
U.  leilus  Linn.    Bogota 


Uranidae 

I   U.  sloanus   Cram.    Jamaica 
U.  rhipheus  Cram.    Madagascar 


Noctuidae 


Panthca       (Audela)       acronyctoides 

IValk.     Mt  Kisco,  N.  Y. 
Dcmas     (Charadra)       propinquilinea 

Grt.     Albany,  N.  Y. 
Charadra      deridens      Guen.      Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
Raphia  frater  Grt.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
R.  coloradensis  Cram,   (abrupta  Grt. 

var.).     Colorado 
Demas  coryli  Linn.    Europe 
Apatela    rubricoma    Guen.       Centre, 

N.  Y. 
A.   (Acronycta)       americana      Harr. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
A.   (Acronycta)    hastulifcra    Sm.    &■ 

Abb.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
A.   (Acronycta)  dactylina  Grt.    Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
A.   (Acronycta)   fclina  Grt.     Saranac 

Lake,  N.  Y. 
A.   (Acronycta)         Icporina        Li)iii. 

Europe 
A.   (Acronycta)      Icpusculina     Guen. 

Colorado 
A.  innotata  Guen.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
A.   (Acronycta;         betulae         'v'/Zo' 

Washington,  D.  C. 
A.  morula  Grt.     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
A.  inttrrupla  Guen.  (occidentalis  Grt. 

&  Rob.).     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
A.  lobcliae  Guen.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
A.   (Acronycta)        furcifcra       Gum. 

Wisconsin 
A.   (Acronycta)    hasta  Guen.     Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
A.  radcIifTci  Ilarj'.     Centre,  N.   Y. 
A.  spinigcra   Guen.    (Acronycta   har- 

vcyana  Grt.).     Wisconsin 


A.   (Acronycta)       clarescens      Guen. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
A.   (Acronycta)      hamamclis      Guen. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
A.   (Acronycta)        superans       Guen. 

Lewis  county,  N."  Y. 
A.   (Acronycta)         lithospila        Grt. 

Centre,   N.   Y. 
A.  tritona  Hiibn.     Centre,  N.   Y. 
A.   (Acronycta)   connecta  Grt.     New 

York 
A.   (Acronycta)         funcralis         Grt. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
A.   (Microcoelia)        fragilis        Guen. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
A.   (Acronycta)        paupercula       Grt. 

Texas 
A.    (Acronycta)      viiinula      Grt.     Al- 
bany, N.'V. 
A.  grisea  ll'ullc.    Lewis  county,  N.  V. 
A.    (Acronycta)    afflicta   Grt. 
A.   (Acronycta)    albarufa  Grt.     Cen- 
tre. N.  Y. 
A.  modica    ll'allc.    (Acronycta    exilis 

Grt.).     Kansas 
A.   (Acronycta)      ovata      (/»/.      New 

York 
A.  brumosa     Guen.      Lewis     county, 

N.  Y. 
A.  retardata    Jl'dlh.    (Acronycta   dis- 

secla     (/■/•/.     i'r     Rob.).     Hamilton. 

()n(. 
A.   (Acr  inycta)  sperata  Grt.    Centre, 

N.  V. 
A.   (Arrnnycta)         noclivagn         Grt. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
A.    (Acronycta)     xylinifnrmis    Guen. 

Kansas ;  Centre,  N.  Y, 


RErORT   OF   THE   STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


85 


Acronycta  impleta  Walk,   (lutciconia 

Grt.  &  Rob.).    Centre,  N.  Y. 
A.   (Acronycta)  oblinita  Sm.  &■  Abb. 

Albany,  N.  Y. 
Apharetra       dentata       Grt.        Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
Acronycta  aceris  Linn.     Europe 
A.  megacephala  Fabr.     Europe 
A.  tridens  Schiff.     Europe 
A.  rumicis  Linn.     Europe 
A.  psi  Linn.     Europe 
A.  menyanthidis    P'iciv.     Europe 
A.  auricoma  Fabr.     Europe 
A.  euphorbiae  Fabr.     Europe 
A.  abscondita  Trcit.     Europe 
Craniophora      (Acronycta)      ligustri 

Fabr.     Europe 
Oxycesta  (Clidia)  geographica  Fabr. 

Europe 
Eogena  contaminei  Ever.     Russia 
Simyra  dentinosa  Frr.     Siberia 
Arsilonche    albovenosa    Goeze.      Al- 
bany, N.  Y. ;  Cambridge,  Mass. 
Harrisimemna  trisignata  Walk.    Con- 
necticut 
Microcoelia  dipteroides  Gnen.     Sche- 
nectady, N.  Y. 
M.  dipteroides    var.    obliterata    Grt. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
Jaspidea  celsia  Linn.     Berlin 
J.   (Bryophila)  lepidula  Grt.     Centre, 

N.  Y. 
Bryophila  algae  Fabr.    Europe 
B.  muralis  Forst.     Hungary 
B.  perla  Fabr.     Europe 
B.  fraudatricula    Hiibn.     Europe 
B.  raptricula    Hiibn.     Europe 
Diphthera        fallax        Herr.-Schacf. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
D.  alpium     Osbeck      (Moma     orion 

Esper.).    Europe 
Trichosea    (Diphtcra)    ludifica   Linn. 

Europe 
Cyathisa  percara  Morr. 
Chytonix  palliatricula  Gitcn.    Sharon 

N.  Y. 
Baileya  (Leptina)  ophthalmica  Gncn 

Kansas 
B.  (Leptina)         doubledayi        Guen 
Centre,  N.  Y. 


B.   (Leptina)    dormitans   Gucn.     Kit- 

tery  Point,  Me. 
Hadenella    (Parastichtis)     niinuscula 

Morr.  Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
Acopa  perpallida  Grt.  Kansas 
Catabena    lineolata    Walk.      (Adiso- 

phanes    miscellus    Grt.).      Albany, 

N.  Y. 
Crambodes    talidiforniis     Guen.     At- 
lantic States,  Kansas 
Platysenta    videns    Guen.    (atriciliata 

Grt.).     Texas 
Balsa     (Nolophana)     malana    Fitch. 

Hamilton,  Ont. 

B.  tristrigella  Walk.  (Nolophana  zel- 
Icri  Grt.).     Centre,  N.  Y. 

Caradrina  meralis  Morr.  Atlantic 
States,  Colorado 

C.  multifera  Walk.  Lewis  county. 
N.  Y. 

C.  sp.     Colorado 

C  miranda  Grt.     Albany,  N.  Y. 

C.  derosa  Morr.     Centre,  N.  Y. 

C.  exigua  Hiibn.     Russia 

C.  quadripunctata  Fabr.  (cubicularis 
Bkh.).     Europe 

C.  selina  Boisd.     France 

C.  kadenii  Frr.     Europe 

C.  respersa  Hiibn.     Europe 

C.  alsincs  Brahm.     Europe 

C.  ambigua  Fabr.     Europe 

C.  pulmonaris  Esp.     Europe 

C.  lenta  Treit.     Europe 

Perigea  xanthioides  Guen.     Tiffin,  O. 

P.  vecors  Guen.  (luxa  Grt.).  Tif- 
fin, O. 

P.  epopea  Cram,  (infelix  Gucn.). 
Savannah,  Ga. 

P.  sutor  Gucn.  (fabrefacta  Morr.). 
Newton,  Mass. 

P.  albolabes  Grt.  Arizona,  Las 
Vegas,  N.  M. 

Oligia  chalcedonia  Hiibn.  (arna 
Guen.).  Centre,  N.  Y. ;  Lewis 
county,  N.  Y. 

O.  versicolor  Grt.  Lewis  county, 
N.  Y. 

O.  fuscimacula  Grt.     Rockledge,  Fla. 

O.  (Caradrina)  grata  Hiibn.  Doug- 
las county,  Kan. 


86 


NEW    YORK    ST  ATI-:    MUSEUM 


Hillia    crasbis    Hcrr.-ScJiacf.     (scnc- 

sccns  Grt.).  Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
H.  algcns  Gri.  Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
Hadena       claudens       Walk.       (Iiillii 

Grt.).     Lewis   county,   N.    Y. 
H.  binotata  Walk.     Washington 
H.  indirccta  Grt.     Washington 
H.  modica  Gucn.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
H.  genetrix  Grt.     Colorado 
H.  mactata   Gucn.     Albany,   N.    Y. 
H.  turbulenta  Hiibn.     Savannah,  Ga. 
H.  sp.     California 
II.  miscloides  Gtieii.     Texas 
H.  semicana    Walk.    var.    fractilinea 

Grt.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
H.      semicana      Walk.       (vulgivaga 

Morr.).     Centre,  N.  Y. 
H.  basilinea  Fabr.     Europe 
H.   (Luceria)     passer    Gucn.      Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
H.   (Luceria)    burgessi    Murr.       Ne- 
braska 
H.  longula  Grt.     Colorado 
H.  remissa    Hiibn.        Lewis    count v, 

N.  Y. 
H.  suffusca   Morr.     Wisconsin 
II.  vultuosa  Grt.     W'isconsin 
II.  apaniiformis  Gucn.  Albany,  N.  Y. 
If.  finitima   Gucn.     Albany,    N.    Y. 
II.  dubitans    Walk,    (sputatrix   Grt.) 

datcritia  Grt.  &  Rob.).  Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
H.  ducta  Grt.     Saranac  Lake,  N.  Y. 
11.  impulsa     Gucn.       Lewis     countv, 

N.  Y. 
H.  devastatrix  Brace.     Lewis  county, 

.\.  Y. 
H.  cxulis  l,c(h.     Labrador 
H.  pluviosa    Walk,     (castania    Grt.). 

Washington 
H.  perpensa  Grt.     Hot  Springs 
TI.  vcrbascoidcs  Gucn.    Lewis  countv, 

N.  Y. 
If.  cariosa     Gucn.     Douglas     county, 

Kan. 
11.  vulgaris    6;7.     &     Rob.     .Mlj.iny, 

N.  Y. 
If.  auranticolor   Grt.     Colorado 
If.  lignicolor    Gucn.     Lewis     county, 

N.  Y. 


II.  inordinata  Morr.     Maine 
H.  seniilunata  Grt.     Colorado 
II.  arctica  Boisd.     Centre,  N.  Y 
H.  porphyrea  Esp.     Europe 
H.  solieri  Boisd.     Russia 
H.  adusta  Esp.     Europe 
H.  ochroleuca  Esp.     Europe 
H.  furva  Hiibn.     Russia 
II.  sordida  Bkli.     Europe 
II.  Icucodon  Ever.     Siberia 
II.  nionoglypha  Hufn.     Europe 
If.   (Luperina)    ferrago    Ever. 


Ural 


II.  litiioxylca  Fabr.     Europe 

II.  rurea  Fabr.     Europe 

11.  unaniniis  I'reit.     Europe 

H.  sccalis      Linn.       (didyma     Esp.). 

luirope 
Miana      (Iladeii.i)      strigilis     Clcrck. 

Europe 
M.   (Iladena)  strigilis  var.  latruncula 

Hiibn.     Europe 
Oxytripia   orbiculosa   F.sp.     Hungary 
Celaena    (Luperina)    ii;iwortiiii   Curt. 

lun-ope 
C.  (Luperina)  inatura  Hufn.    Europe 
Luceria      (Luperina)      virens     Linn. 

Europe 
Calophasia  casta  Bkh.     luirope 
C.  lunula   Hufn.     luirope 
Cleophana  antirrhiiiii  Hiibn.     l-'urope 
Scotochrosta  pulla  Hiibn.     Europe 
Xylocanipa  areola  Esp.     Europe 
Lithocainpa  rainosa  Esp.     Europe 
Macronoctii.i  onusta  (/;'/.    Orono,  Mc. 
Polia    tJKodnri    (,/•/.     Colorado 


contact.i     IFalk. 
\.  V. 
acutissinia   Grt. 
serpentina    Trcit. 


Lewis 


Oldtown,   Me. 


1'.  serpeiUma    /  rcil.     I'.urope 

I'.  i)oIyinita  Linn.     ICurope 

!'.   nifocincta  Hiibn.     luiropc 

r.    x.inthomista   Hiibn.     F.urnpe 

!'.   x.iiitlioinisl.i  7-ar.  nignnincta  Trcil. 

JMiropt' 
P.  chi   Linn,     luirope 
Urachionyclia    ( Aslerosco|)Us)    mibc  - 

ciilosa  Esp.     Iuiroi)e 
I!.    (  .\stcroscopus)       spliiiix       Hufn. 

Europe 


RKPORT    OF    THE    STATE    EXTO^[OLOGIST    I907 


87 


Miselia  oxyacaiitluic  /,//;;(.     Europe 
Chariptcra  viridana  U'alcli.     Europe 
Dichonia  aprilina  Linn.     luirope 
D.  acrugiuea  Hi'ibn.     Europe 
D.  convcrgens  Fi\br.     Europe 
Dryobota    illocata    Walk,     (stigiuata 

Grt.).     Centre,  N.  Y. 
D.  furva  Esp.     Europe 
D.  roboris  Boisd.     Europe 
D.  saportae  Dup.     Europe 
D.  monochroma    Esp.     var.     subcris 

Boisd.     Europe 
D.  protea  Bkh.     Europe 
Rhizogramma  detersa  Esp.     Europe 
Hyppa      xylinoides      Giicn.       Cenlrc, 

N.    Y. ;    Adirondack   mts,    N.    Y. 
H.  rectilinea  Esp.     Europe 
Feralia  jocosa  Gucn. 
Momorphana  conistocki  Grt.     Centre, 

N.  Y. 
Diloba  caerulcocephala  Linn.     Europe 
Valeria  jaspidea  Vill.     Europe 
V.  oleagina  Fahr.     Europe 
Euplexia      lucipara      Linu.       Centre, 

N.  Y. ;  Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
Dipterygia  scabriuscula  Linn.    Centre, 

N.  Y. ;  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 
D.  scabriuscula  var.  spadica  ?  Europe 
Rusina   umbratica    Goczc    (tenebrosa 

Hiibn.).     Europe 
Pyrophila      glabella      l\Iorr.  New 

Mexico 
P.   (Amphipyra)   pyramidoides  Gucn. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
P.   (Amphipyra)     tragopoginis    Linn. 

Europe;  Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
Amphipyra  tctra  Fabr.     Europe 
A.  livida  Fabr.     Europe 
A.  pyramidea  Liiui.     Europe 
Helotropha         leucostigma         Hiibn. 

Europe 
H.    leucostigma    var.    fibrosa    Lliibn. 

Europe 
H.  reniformis    Grt.      Lewis    county, 

N.  Y. 
Prodenia    commelinae    Sni.    &    Abb. 

Jamaica,  America 
P.  ornithogalli       Gucn.        (lincatella 
Harv.).    Tiffin,  O. 


P.  ornitlingalli    Gucn.    var.    eudiopta 

Gucn.  (  Havimedia  //art'.).     Kansas 

Laphygnia    frugiperda    .S';;;.    &    .Ibb. 

Wisconsin 
L.  frugiperda     var.     obscura     Riley. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
Magusa  dissidens  Fcld.  (Stich'.optera 

divaricata  Grt.).     Texas 
Pseudanarta  flava  Grt.     Colorado 
P.  flavidens  Grt.     Colorado 
Homohadena   badistriga    Grt.     Ham- 
ilton, Ont. 
H.  infixa       JValk.       (kappa       Grt.). 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
H.  induta  Harv.     Texas 
Oncocnemis  chandleri  Grt.     Colorado 
O.  riparia  Morr.     Long  Island 
O.   (Homohadena)   atrifasciata  Morr. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
O.  glennyi  Grt.     Colorado 
O.  confusa  Frr.     Russia 
Episema  scoriacea  Esp.     Europe 
Ulochlaena  hirta  Hiibn.     Russia 
Aporophyla     australis     Boisd.      Dal- 

matia 
A.  nigra  Hezv. 
Adita  chionanthi  Sin.  &  Abb.    Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
Copipanolis  cubilis  Grt.     Texas 
Eutolype  rolandi  Grt.     Texas 
Psaphidia    resumens    IValk.    (Dicopis 

muralis  Grt.).     Newtonville,  N.  Y. 
Rhynchagrotis         gilvipennis         Grt. 

(Agrotis  chardinyi  Boisd.).     Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
R.   (Agrotis)  rufipectus  .Morr.    Sara- 

nac  Lake,  N.  Y. 
R.   (Agrotis)        l)runneicn]lis        (-rt. 

South  Abington,  Mass. 
R.   (Agrotis)    minimalis    Grt.      Colo- 
rado 
R.  anchocelioides       Gucn.      (Agrotis 

cupida  Grt.).     Centre,  N.  Y. 
R.  anchocelioides  var.  brunneipennis 

Grt.  (Agrotis  cupida  (7r/.).     Centre, 

N.  Y. 
R.    (Agrotis)      placida     (/'//.       Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
R.   (Agrotis)   variata  Grl.     CoU)rado 


88 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Rhynchagrotis     (Agrotis)     alternata 

Grt.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
R.   (Agrotis)   cupidissima  Grt.     New- 
Mexico 
R.   (Agrotis)  mirabilis  Grt.    Colorado 
Adelphagrotis     indeterminata     Walk. 

(Agrotis  innotabilis  Grt.).     Wash- 
ington 
A.   (Eurois)    prasina   Fabr.      Centre, 

N.  Y. 
Platagrotis  (Agrotis)  speciosa  Hiibn. 

Labrador 
P.   (Eurois)      pressa     Grt.       Centre, 

N.  Y. 
P.  condita    Guen.      (Agrotis   trobalis 

Grt.).    Centre,  N.  Y. 
P.   (Agrotis)  imperita  Hiibn.    Labra- 
dor 
Eueretagrotis     (Agrotis)     sigmoides 

Gucn.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
E.   (Agrotis)    perattenta   Grt.     Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
E.   (Agrotis)     attcnta     Grt.      Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
Semiophora    elimata    Grt.     (Agrotis 

dilucidula  Morr.).     Centre,  N.  Y. 
S.   (Agrotis)    elimata   var.    badicollis 

Grt.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
S.   (Agrotis)     elimata    var.    janifalis 

Grt.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
S.   (Agrotis)   opacifrons  Grt.     Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
S.  tenebrifera  Walk.     (Agrotis  catli- 

crina  Grt.).     New  Hampshire 
Pachnobia  carnea   Tltiinb.     Labrador 
P.  salicarum    Walk.      Saranac    Lake, 

N.  Y. 
P.  rubricosa  Juibr.    Europe 
P.  leucographa  Hiibn.     luiropc 
Sctngrotis     (Agrotis)     vcrnilis     Grt. 

Colorado 
Agrotis      badinodis      Grt.        Kittcry 

Point,  Mc. 
A.  ypsilon  Rott.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
A.  gtniculata    Grt.    &    Rob.     Crnlrc, 

N.Y. 
A.  polygoiia   luihr.     luiropc 
A.  signuin  l-abr.     Kumpc 
A.  subrosea     Stph.    var.     stilK-acrnlia 

Stegr.     Pitimrania 


A.  janthina  Esp.     Europe 

A.  linogrisea  Schiff.     Europe 

A.  fimbria  Linn.     Europe 

A.  interjecta  Hiibn.     Europe 

A.  augur  Fabr.     Europe 

A.  ubscura  Braliin.  (ravida  Brahni.). 

Europe 
A.  pronuba  Linn.     Europe 
A.  orbona  Hufn.     Europe 
A.  comes  Hiibn.     Europe 
A.  triangulum  Hufn.     Europe 
A.  baja  Fabr.     Europe 
A.  candelarum  Stegr.     Europe 
A.  c-nigrum  Linn.     Pomerania 
A.  ditrapezium  Bkli.     Europe 
A.  stigmatica  Hiibn.     Europe 
A.  xanthographa  Fabr.     Europe 
A.  rubi   Viczv.     Europe 
A.  florida  Sclnnidt.     Europe 
A.  brunnea  Fabr.     Europe 
A.  primulac    Lsp.     (f estiva    Hiibn.). 

Europe 
A.  depuncta  Linn.     Russia 
A.  margaritacea    yill.     Switzerland 
A.  anachoreta  Herr.-Schaef.     Russia 
A.  ocellina  Hiibn.     Europe 
A.  plecta  Linn.     Europe 
A.  sinnilans   Ht^fn.     Europe 
A.  lucipcta  Fabr.     Europe 
A.  hclvclina  Boisd.     Europe 
A.  simplonia  Hiibn.     Europe 
A.  latcns  Hiibn.     Europe 
A.  fimbriola  Fsp.     Europe 
A.  forcipula  Hiibn.     Europe 
A.  puta  Hiibn.     Europe 
A.  putris  Linn.     Europe 
A.  exclamalionis   Linn.     Europe 
A.  nigricans   Linn.     Europe 
A.  tritici  Linn,     luirope 
A.  Iritici  var.  aqwW'uvA  Hiibn.    Europe 
A.  vitta  Hiibn.     Europe 
A.  christophi  Stegr.     Russia 
A.  obclisca    Hiibn.     Europe 
A.  corticea   Hiibn.     lairnpe 
A.  ypsilon  Rott.     luiropc 
A.  scgetum   Schiff.     Europe 
A.  trux  Hiibn.     Europe 
A.  conspicua  Hiibn.     Russia 
A.  vesligialis  Rott.     Europe 
A.  praecox   I  inn.     I'luope 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


89 


A.  prasina  Fabr.     Europe 
Peridroma    (Agrotis)    occulta    Liiui. 

Europe 
P.  (Eurois)     astricta    Morr.     Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
P.   (Agrotis)   margaritosa  Haw.  var. 

saucia  Hilbn.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
P.   (Agrotis)    incivis  Guen.     Atlantic 

States,   California 
P.  (Agrotis)   rudens  Harv.     Texas 
P.   (Agrotis)  simplaria  Morr.    Texas 
P.  digna  Morr.  (Agrotis  nigrovittata 

Grt.).    Texas 
Noctua  smithii  Snell.    (Agrotis  baja 

Fabr.).     Centre,  N.  Y. 
N.  (Agrotis)         normaniana        Grt. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
N.  (Agrotis)   bicarnea  Guen.     Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
N.   (Agrotis)      conchis     Grt.      New 

Mexico 
N.  (Agrotis)  c-nigrum  Linn.    Centre, 

N.  Y. 
N.   (Agrotis)    hospitalis    Grt.     Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
N.  jucunda    Walk.    (Agrotis  percon- 

flua  Grt.).     Centre,  N.  Y. 
N.  (Agrotis)  phyllophora  Grt.    Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
N.  (Agrotis)    rubifera    Grt.     Centre, 

N.  Y. 
N.   oblata    Morr.     (Agrotis     hilliana 

Harv.).     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
N.   (Agrotis)       rava      Hcrr.-Schaef. 

Labrador 
N.  (Agrotis)  fennica  Tausch.    Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
N.  (Agrotis)    plecta   Linn.      Albany, 

N.  Y. 
N.   (Agrotis)    collaris    Grt.    &    Rob. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
N.   (Agrotis)    haruspica   Grt.     Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
N.  (Agrotis)     sierrae    Harv.      Colo- 
rado 
N.   (Agrotis)        clandestina       Hair. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
N.   (Agrotis)      pyrophiloides     Harv. 

California 


Noctua  (Agrotis)  lubricans  Guen. 
Oldtown,  Me. 

X.  (Agrotis)  lubricans  var.  bcata 
Grt.     New  Mexico 

Chorizagrotis  (Agrotis)  auxiliaris 
Grt.     Kansas 

Feltia  (Agrotis)  subgothica  Haze. 
Centre,  N.  Y. 

F.  jaculifera  Guen.  (Agrotis  tricosa 
Lint.).     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 

F.  (Agrotis)  jaculifera  var.  herilis 
Grt.    Albany,  N.  Y. 

F.  (Agrotis)  circumdata  Grt.  New 
Mexico 

F.  (Agrotis)  gladiaria  Morr.  Kit- 
tery  Point,  Me. 

F.  (Agrotis)  venerabilis  IValk.  New 
Berlin,  N.  Y. 

F.  (Agrotis)  aeneipennis  Grt.  Cali- 
fornia 

F.  (Agrotis)  volubilis  Harv.  Centre, 
N.  Y. 

F.  (Agrotis)  annexa  Treit.  Savan- 
nah, Ga. 

F.   (Agrotis)  malefida  Guen.    Florida 

Porosagrotis  vetusta  Jl'^ilk.  (Agrotis 
muraenula  Grt.  &  Rob.).  Centre, 
N.  Y. 

P.  (Agrotis)  mimallonis  Grt.  Lewis 
county,  N.  Y. 

P.   (Agrotis)  fusca  Boisd.    Labrador 

P.   (Agrotis)    rileyana  Morr.     Iowa 

P.  (Agrotis)  orthogonia  Morr. 
Colorado 

Paragrotis  (Agrotis)  recula  Harv. 
Oregon 

P.  (Agrotis)  quadridentata  Grt.  & 
Rob.     Colorado 

P.   (Agrotis)   olivalis  Grt.     Colorado 

P.  (Agrotis)  ridingsiana  Grt.  Colo- 
rado 

P.  (Agrotis)  flavidens  (Sm.).  New- 
Mexico 

P.   (Agrotis)  brocha  Morr.    Colorado 

P.  (Agrotis)  perpolita  Mcrr.  Centre, 
N.  Y. 

P.   (Agrotis)   fumalis  Grt.     Colorado 

P.  punctigera  Walk.  (Agrotis  pastor- 
alis  Grt.).     Colorado 


90 


X1£\V    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Paragrotis      (Agrotis)      velleripennis 

Grt.     Nebraska 
P.   (Agrotis)  gagatcs  Grt.     Colorado 
P.   (Agrotis)  scandcns  Riley.     Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
P.  detersa      JValk.      (Agrotis      pity- 

clirous  Grt.).  Evans  Center,  N.  Y. 
P.   (Agrotis)         bostonicnsis         Grt. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
P.   (Agrotis)   caenis  Grt.     Colorado 
P.   (Agrotis)    medialis    .S"»i.     Centre, 

N.  Y. 
P.   (Agrotis)     feniseca    Hcirv.      Cali- 
fornia 
P.    (Agrotis)    messoria   Hcirr.     Sche- 
nectady, N.  Y. 
P.   (Agrotis)      friabilis     Grt.      Lewi. 

county,  N.  Y. 
P.   (Agrotis)   munis  Grt.     Colorado 
P.   (Agrotis)   sp.     California 
P.  vetusta    IValk.    (Agrotis    euroides 

(/;■/.).     Vancouver  Island 
P.  infausta    JValk.      (Agrotis    rufula 

Sin.) 
P.  insulsa  Jf'ulL'.  (Agrotis  campestris 

Grt.) 
P.   (Agrotis)  albipcnnis  Grt.     Centre, 

N.  Y. 
P.   (Agrotis)  tessellata  Ilarr.     Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
P.   (Agrotis)    basalis   Grt.     Colorado 
P.   (Agrotis  gularis  Grt.)  ochrogastcr 

Gucit.     Lewis  county,  N.   Y. 
P.   (Agrotis)        obcliscoides       Guoi. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
P.   (Agrotis)  perexcellens  (7r/.      Van 

couver   Island 
P.  divergens    H'ollc.    (Agrotis    versi- 

pcllis  Grt.).     Saranac  Lake,  N.  Y. 
P.   (Agrf^tis)         redimicula        Morr. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
P.   (Agrotis)     atrifera     Grt.       Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
Kichia   ( Aniiuocnnia)  cliurtalis  Ilar7\ 

Colorado 
R.   (Ainnidconia)  cliortalis  var.  atra- 

irix  lliirv.     CnL-radn 
K.    (Anininconia )       paniilalis       Grt. 

New  Mexico 


R.   (Ammoconia)   parentalis  var.  de- 

cipiens  Grt.     Colorado 
Ammoconia   caecimacula   Fcihr.     Eu- 
rope 
Anytus     privutus      Walk.      ( sculptus 

Grt.).  Center,  N.  Y. 
A.    privatus     (sculptus)    var.    planus 

Grt.     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
Ufeus  plicatus  Grt.     California 
Mamestra    discalis    Grt.     (purpuris- 

sata  Grt.).     Colorado 
M.  nimbosa     Gucn.       Lewis     county, 

N.  Y. 
M.  iml)rifera    Gucn.      Lewis    county, 

N.  Y. 
M.  purpurissata  Grt.     Lewis   county, 

X.   Y. 
AI.  meditata  Grt.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
M.  lustralis  Grt.    Lewis  county,  N.Y. 
M.  detracta  Walk.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
M.  atlantica  Grt.     Cambridge,  Mass. 
M.  radix     Walk,     (dimmr.cki     Grt.). 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
M.  subjuncta    Grt.    &   Rob.      Centre, 

X.   V. 
M.  grandis  Boisd.     Centre,  X.   Y. 
M.  trifolii  Rott.     All)any,  X.  V. 
M.  trifolii    R,)tt.     (all)itusa    Walk.). 

Europe 
M.  trifolii    Rott.    (cheiioixxlii   luibr.). 

Europe 
M.  rosea   Ifarv.     Centre,   X.   \'. 
M.  congermaiia  Morr.     Centre,  X.  Y. 
M.  picta   J/arr.      Washington.    I).    C. 
M.  cristifera     //'(///.•.      (]ul)eiis     Grt.). 

Centre,  X.   N'. 
.M.  assimilis    .Morr.      Lewis    county, 

X.  Y. 
M.  assimilis  7'ar.  Grt.     Centre,   X.  Y. 
M.  adjuneta   Hoi.ul.     Tiffin,  O. 
M.   leKitima      Grt.        Lewis      county, 

X.    \. 
.M.   lilaciii.i      llarv.        Lewis     county, 

X.   V. 
.\I.  goodellii       Grt.      Lewis      county, 

X.  \. 
.\I.   reiiigcr.i     .S'trpli.       Lewis    county, 

X.    \. 
M.  siricl.i      //■(///.•.     7-ar.     cinnab.nina 

(,//.     Washington 


REPORT    OF    Tfll-:    STATK    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


91 


MaiiK-stra     olivacoa     Mori:       Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
^T.  quadrilincata    (/;/.     California 
M.  laudaliilis       iiucn.        Wasliinglon, 

D.  C. 
M.  albogutta  Grt.     California 
M.  cuneata  Grt.    California 
M.  lorea  Gucii.    Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
M.  vicina  Grt.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
M.  leucophaea  Vicn.'.     Europe 
M.  advena  Uabr.    Europe 
M.  tincta  Braliiii.     Europe 
M.  nebulosa  Hufn.     Europe 
M.  brassicae  Liiui.     Europe 
M.  persicariae  Liint.     Europe 
M.  oleracea  Liini.    Europe 
M.  genistae  Bkh.    Europe 
M.  dissimilis  Knock.     Europe 
M.  thalassina  Rott.    Europe 
M.  contigua  J 'ill.     Europe 
M.  pisi  Liiiit.    Europe 
M.  leincri       Frr.       var.       pnmerana 

Scluilz.     Europe 
M.  dentina  Esp.     Europe 
M.  marmcrosa  Bkh.     Europe 
M.  reticulata  ]'iU.     Europe 
M.  chrysozona  Bkh.    Europe 
M.  Serena  Fahr.     Europe 
M.  cappa  Hiibn.     Europe 
Charaeas  graminis  Linn.     Europe 
Epineuronia      (Neuronia)      popular  is 

Fabr.     Europe 
E.   (Neuronia)  cespitis  Fabr.    Europe 
Dianthoecia    albimacula    Bkh.      Eu- 
rope 
D.  nana  Rott.    Europe 
1).  compta  Fabr.     Europe 
D.  capsincola  Hiibn.     Europe 
D.  cucubali  Fucssl.     Europe 
D.  carpophaga  Bkh.     Europe 
D.  carpophaga   var.   capsopliila    Dup. 

Europe 
D.  irregularis  Hufn.     Europe 
Dargida    (Eupscphopaectcs)    procinc- 

tus  Grt.     California 
Morrisonia    (Hadena)    scctilis   Guen. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
M.  scctilis  Gucn.  var.  vonicrina  Grt. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 


M.  (Mamestra)  niucens  Uubn.  Sa- 
vannah, Ga. 

M.  (Mamestra)  confusa  Hiibn. 
Cambridge,  Mass. 

Xyloniiges  rubrica  Harv.     California 

X.  patalis  Grt.     Vancouver  Island 

X.  tabulata  Grt.    Lewis  county,  N.Y. 

X.  conspicillaris    Linn.     l''.ur()i)e 

Scotogramniri  unihrosa  Smith.  Colo- 
rado 

Ulolonche  (Taenircanipa )  niodesta 
Morr.     Centre,  X.  Y. 

U.   (Orthosia)    disticha  Morr.  Texas 

Anarta  melanbpa  Thtinb.     Labrador 

A.  richardsoni  Curt.     Labrador 

A.  myrtilli  Liiui.     Europe 

A.  melaleuca  Thnnb.    Europe 

Nephelodes  minians  Gucn.  Lewis 
county,  N.  Y. 

N.  minians  var.  violans  Gucn.  Lewis 
county,  X^.  Y. 

Heliophila  (Lercania)  unipuncta 
Haiv.     Centre,  N.  Y. 

H.  (Leucania)  pseudargyria  Gucn. 
Centre,  N.  Y. 

H.  luteopallens  Smith  (Leucania  pal- 
lens  Gucn.).     Centre,  N.  Y. 

IT.  rubripennis   Grt.    &  Rob.     Texas 

H.  (Leucania)  albilinea  Hiibn.  Al- 
bany, X^.  Y. 

H.  ligata  Grt.     Florida 

H.  insueta  Gucn.  (Leucania  adonea 
Grt.).     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 

H.  multilinea  Walk.  (Leucania 
lapidaria  Grt.).     Centre,  X.  Y. 

H.  (Leucania)  commoides  Gucn. 
Lewis  county,  X.  Y. 

H.  (Leucania)  phragmitidicola  Gucn. 
Centre,  X'.  Y. 

Meliana  tlammca  Curt.     Russia 

Scsamia  crctica  Led.    Europe 

Leucania  impudens  Hiibn.     Silesia 

L.  impura  Hiibn.     Europe 

L.  pallcns  Linn.     Europe 

L.  obsoleta  Hiibn.     Europe 

L.  comma  Linn.    Europe 

L.  1-album  Linn.     Europe 

L.  vitellina  Lliibn.    Dalmatia 

L.  conigera  Fabr.    Europe 


92 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Leucania  albipuncta  Fabr.     France 
L.  lythargyria   Esp.     Europe 
L.  turca  Litm.     Europe 
Mythimna  imbecilla  Fabr.    Europe 
Grammesia        trigrammica        Hufn. 

Europe 
Zosteropoda  hirtipcs  Grf.     California 
Trichorthosia    parallela    Crt.      New 

Mexico 
Orthodes    crenulata    Butler.      Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
O.  cynica   Guen.     Colorado ;    Centre, 

N.  Y. 
O.  cynica  var.  Grt.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
O.   (Taeniocampa)  puerilis  Grt.    Cal- 
ifornia 
O.   (Taeniocampa)   agrotiformis  Crt. 

Xcw  Mexico 
Ilinic-lla   contrahens    Walk.    (Taenio- 
campa   thecata    Morr.).      Saranac 

Lake,  N.  Y. 
Pcrigrapha  cincta  Fabr.     Europe 
Taeniocampa   gothica   Linn.     Europe 
T.  miniosa  Fabr.     Europe 
T.  pulvcrulenta  Esp.   (cruda  Trcit.). 

luirnpc 
T.  populeti    Trcit.     Europe 
T.  stabilis   Viezv.     Europe 
T.  incerta  Hufn.    Europe 
T.  cpima  Hiibn.     Europe 
'!'.  gracilis  Fabr.     Europe 
T.  munda  Esp.     Europe 
PantJis  griseovariegata  Goczc   (pini- 

pcrda  Fans.).     Europe 
Crocigrapha    normani    Grt.      Centre, 

N.  Y. 
Graphiphora     (Taeniocampa)     rufiila 

Grt.     California 
G.   (Taeniocampa)      oviducia     (iitcn. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
G.     (Mamcstra)     vindcniialis     Gucn. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
Ci.   (Taeniocampa)    alia    Gucn.     Tif 

fin.  O. 
G.   (Taeniocampa)    subtcrminala  Sm. 

South  Abington,  Mass. 
G.     (Agrntis)     planalis     Grt.       New 

Mexico 
Dyscliorista  fissipnncta  Hdv.    b.urdix' 


Plastenis    rctusa   Linn.     Europe 
Cirrhoedia  ambusta  Fabr.     Europe 
C.  xerampelina  Hiibn.     England 
Tricholita  signata  Walk,  (semiaperta 

Morr.).     Kittery  Point,  Me. 
Xylina  disposita  Morr.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
X.  petulca  Grt.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
X.  hemina  Grt.     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
X.  antennata  Walk.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
X.  laticinerea  Grt.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
X.  grotei     Riley      (cinerosa      Grt.). 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
X.  ferrealis  Grt.  Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
X.  signosa  Walk.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
X.  bethunei     Grt.       Lewis     county; 

Centre,   N.  Y. 
X.  semiusta  Grt.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
X.  fagina  Morr.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
X.  georgii  Grt.     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
X.  unimoda  Lint.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
X.  tcpida  Grt.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
X.  baileyi  Grt.     New  York 
X.  querqucra  Grt.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
X.  lepida  Lint.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
X.  tliaxteri      Grt.      (cambda      Grt.). 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
X.  pexata  Grt.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
X.-capax  Grt.  &  Rob.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
X.  semibrunnea       Hchk        Claren'.e, 

l^'rancc 
X.  socia   h'otl.     I-lurope 
X.   furcifera  Hufn.     Europe 
X.  ingrica  Hcrr.-.Schacf.     Norway 
X.  (irnitopus  Rott.     Kurt  pe 
Litlinl  imia  napaea  Morr.     Orono,  Me. 
Calocampa      nupera      Li)it.       Centre, 

N.  Y. 
C.  tlioracica       Put.-Crani.       Saranac 

Lake.   N.  Y. 
C.  cinorilia  (7r/.     Saranac  Lake,  N.  Y. 
C.  curvimacula  Morr.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
C.  velusta  Hiibn.     Europe 
C.  cxnlela  Linn.     Europe 
(".  solidaginis  Hiibn.     Europe 
Cucullia  convcxipcnnis  Grt.   &  Rob. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
C.  montanae  Grt.     Colorado 
C.  piistcra    Gucn.      Adimndark    mts, 

N.  V. 
(".  asttTdidrs  Gucn.     Albany,   N.  Y. 


REPORT   OF   THE    SI 


ATE   ENTOiMOLOGIST    I907 


93 


Cucullia  spcycri  Lint.    Albany,  N.  Y. 
C.    intermedia   Sf>cy.     Lewis  county, 

N.  Y. 
C.  serraticornis  Lint.     Colorado 
C.  verbasci  Linn.     Holland 
C.  scrophnlariae  Capieux.     Holland 
C.  lychnitis  Ranibur.    Europe 
C.  thapsipliaga  Treit.     Europe 
C.  blattariae  Esp.     Europe 
C  asteris  Schiff.     Europe 
C.  lactea  Fabr.     Russia 
C.  balsaniitae  Boisd.     Russia 
C.  tanaccti  Schiff.     Clarente,   France 
C.  umbratica  Linn.     Europe 
C.  lucifuga  Hiibn.     Europe 
C.  lactucae  Esp.     Europe 
C.  chamomillae  Schiff.     Europe 
C.  fraudatrix  Ev.     Europe 
C.  scopariae  Dorf.     Europe 
C.  artemisiae  Hufn.     Europe 
C.  absinthii  Linn.     Europe 
C.  argentea  Hufn.     Europe 
C.  argentina  Fabr.     Europe 
Eutelia  (Eurphipia)   adulatrix  Hiibn. 

Europe 
Bellura    gortynides    Walk.    (Arzama 

densa  Walk.).     Hamilton,  Ont. 
B.   (Arzama)  diffusa  Grt.    Hamilton, 

Ont. 
Nonagria      subflava      Grt.      Kittery 

Point,  Me. 
N.  cannae  Och.     Europe 
N.  sparganii  Esp.     Europe 
N.  typhae  Thunb.   (arundinis  Fabr.). 

Hungary 
N.  geminipuncta  Hatch.     Europe 
Ommatostola    lintneri    Grt.      Centre, 

N.  Y. 
Achatodes  zeae  Harr.     Lewis  county, 

N.  Y. 
Hydroecia  micacca  Esp.     Europe 
Apamea  testacea  Hiibn.     Europe 
Gortyna  velata  Walk.   (Apamea  sera 

Grt.  &  Rob.).      Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
G.  (Apamea)    nictitans   Bkh.     Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
G.   (Apamea)  immanis  Gucn.  Centre. 

N.  Y.  '  ;    . 

G.  ochracea  Hiibn.     Tluiringia 


Papaipcma    (Gortyna)    purpurifascia 

Grt.  &■  Rob.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
P.   (Gortyna)    nitcla   Gticn.     Beverly, 

Mass. 
P.   (Gortyna)  nitela  var.  ncbris  Giicn. 

South  Abington,  Mass. 
P.   (Gortyna)         cataphracta         Grt. 

Hamilton,  Ont. 
P.   (Gortyna)         impecuniosa        Grt. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
P.   (Gortyna)  rutila  Gucn.   Mt  Kisco, 

N.  Y. 
Pyrrliia     (Chariclea)     umbra     Hufn. 

Russia 
P.  umbra      var.      exprimens      Walk. 

Centre,  N.  Y. ;  Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
Chariclea  delphinii  Linn.     Russia 
Xanthia  flavago  Fa&r.  (lutea  Strom.). 

Centre,  N.  Y. ;  Germany 
X.  citrago  Linn.     Europe 
X.  sulphurago  Fabr.     Europe 
X.  aurago  Fabr.     Germany 
X.  fulvago  Linn.     Europe 
X.  gilv.ago  Esp.     Europe 
X.  ocellaris  Bkh.     France 
Hoporina  croceago  Fabr.     Europe 
Jodia     rufago     Hiibn.      Washington, 

D.  C. 
Brotolomia  iris  Guen.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
Trigonophora        periculosa        Guen. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
T.    periculosa   var.   v-brunneum    Grt. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
T.  flammea  Esp.     Europe 
Conservula    anodonta    Guen.      Cam- 
bridge, Mass. 
Eucirroedia   pampina   Gucn.     Centre, 

N.  Y. 
Scolioptcryx     libatrix     Linn.      Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. ;  Europe 
Tapinostola  elymi  Treit.     Europe 
Fagitana  littera   Gucn.    (Pseudolima- 

codes   niveicostatus   Grt.).     Centre, 

N.  Y. 
Cosmia     paleacea     Esp.      (infumata 

Grt.).     Centre,  N.  Y. ;  Europe 
C.  abluta  Hiibn.     Europe 
Orthosia      purpurea      Grt.       (crispa 

Harv.).     Dallas,  Or. 
O.  ralla  Grt.     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 


94 


NEW    YORK    STATK    MUSEUM 


Ortliosia  bicolorago  Gucii.   (vlv:  fer- 

ruginoides  Gucn.).    Centre,  N.  Y. 
O.  euroa  Grt.  &  Rob.    Centre,  N.  Y. 
O.  conradi  Grt.     Colorado 
O.  helva  Grt.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
O.  lutosa     Audrcu'S.        Schenectady, 

N.  Y. 
O.  ruticilla  Esp.     Holland 
O.  lota  CIcrc.     Hungary 
O.  macilenta  Hiibii.     Europe 
O.  circellaris  Htifit.     Europe 
O.  fcrrugincoides  Gueu.     Europe 
O.  hclvoia      Li)ni.      (rufina      Li:ni.). 

Europe 
O.  pistacina    Fabr.     France 
O.  nitida  Fabr.     Europe 
O.  laevis  Hiibn.     Europe 
O.  litura  Linn.     Europe 
Parastichtis  discivaria  Walk,  (gentilis 

Grt.).     Centre,  N.  Y. 
P.  discivaria  var.  perbcllis  Grt.    Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
Scopelosoma  indirecta  Walk,  (gracfi- 

ana  Grt.).     Corning,  N.  Y. 
S.  moffatiana  Grt.     Hamilton,  Ont. 
S.  pettiti  Grt.     Hamilton,  Ont. 
S.  ceromatica  Grt.     Hamilton,  Ont. 
S.  tristigmata  Grt.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
S.  walkeri  (/;■/.     Corning,  N.  Y. 
S.  sidus      Gucn.      (vinulcnta      Grt.). 

Hamilton,  Ont. 
S.  morrisoni   Grt.     Hamilton,   Out. 
S.  dcvia  Grt.     Hamilton,  Ont. 
S.  satcllitia   Linn.     Europe 
Orrliodia   fragariae  Esp.     Eurojjc 
().  eryflirocepliala  Fabr.     Europe 
O.  vernnicae  Hiibn.     Europe 
O.  vau  punctatum  P,sp.     TluiriuKia 
O.  vaccinii  /,/////.     Eiiroi)e 
().  ligula  F.sp.     I'airoi)c 
O.  rubiginta  Fabr.     I'^uropc 
Glaea      (I-^ijiglaea)      sericca      Mnrr. 

Centre,  X,   Y. 
El)iglaea    pastillic.ins    Morr.      Centre, 

N.  Y. 
IC.  trennil.'i  ]!ar'\      iexas 
E.  a|)iata  Grt.     Centre,  N.  V. 
E.  (lecliva  Grt.     Centre.  N.  Y. 
llomoglaea     hircina    Morr.      Centre, 
N.  Y. 


H.  carnosa  Grt.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
Calymnia     orina     Gucn.       Hamilton, 

Ont. 
C.  pyralina   /  '/rTi;'.     Europe 
C.  affinis   Linn.     Europe 
C.  diffinis  Li)tn.     Europe 
C.  trapczina  Grt.     Europe 
Zotluoa  tranquilla  Grt.     California 
Ipiniorpha    pleoncctusa   Grt.     Hamil- 
ton, Ont. 
Mesogona  o.xalina  Iliibn.     Europe 
M.  acetosellac  luibr.     luirope 
Dicycla  oo  Linn.     Dalmatia 
Grotclla  dis  Grt.     Las  Vegas.   N.   M. 
Nyctcrophaeta   (Cucullia)  luna  }hirr. 

Colorado 
Copablepharon    album    Ilarr.      Colo- 
rado 
C.  absidum  Uarv.     Colorado 
Heliothis   armiger   Hiibn.     Titifin,   O. 
H.  phlogi.phagus  (7;-/.  &  Rob.     Utah, 

California 
11.  cognata  /•'/;'.     lun-ope 
II.  cardui  Hiibn.     Europe 
II.  puri)urascens   Tauscli.     Russia 
II.  dipsacca   /.///;;.     Europe 
II.  scutosa  Schiff.     I'nrope 
II.  peltigera  SchitJ.     Rrssia 
II.  armigera   Iliihn.      Dalmatia 
II.  incarnata  Frr.     Russia 
Mycter.iplus  puniceago  Bcisd.     Russia 
Rli:)(loi)liora    (.Maria)   gaurae  ,S');/.  t'r 

.//./'.     Texas 
R.   tlorid.i   (.'nrn.      Texas 
R.    (Oxylos)    eitrinellus  Grt.  &  Rob. 

Texas 
I'rrrim.-i     (Heliothis)     regia     .S'lrcck. 

Kansas 
h.np.inyeliis       (Heliothis)       spinosae 

Gui-n.    ?     .Atlantic  States 
Seliini.i     (  rrico|)is )     chrysellus     Grt. 

Texas 
S.   unimaenl.i   .Snt.     Colorado 
S.  aentilini'.i       GrI.       (  l.ygr.anhoieia 

.sei).irata   (w/.).     Colorado 
S.    (  Lygranthoecia)         lynx        Gum. 

Centre,   N.   Y. 
S.    CTamila)   terli.i  Grt.     Texas 
S.    (  I.ygr.anlhoeeia)    jaguarina    Gucn. 

NebVask.a 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


95 


Schinia  arcifcra  Gucu.  (Lygran- 
thoecia  spraguei  Grt.).  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.- 

S.  packardii  Crt.  (Anthi)ocia  nobilis 
Grt.).      Colorado 

S.  (Lygranthoecia)  thoreaui  Grt.  & 
Rob.   ?     Southern  States 

S.  marginata  Haze.  (Lygranthoecia 
rivulosa  Gucn.).     Mt  Kisco,  N.  Y. 

S.  (Lygranthoecia)  brevis  Grt.  Al- 
bany, N.  Y. 

Dasyspoudaea  (Heliothis)  luccns 
Morr.     Nebraska 

D.  (Tamila)    nic;idii   Grt.     Colorado 
Pseudotamila    (Tamila)    vanella  Grt. 

Nevada 
Melicleptria    (Adonisea)    pulchripcn- 

nis  Grt.     Southern  California 
M.  villosa  Grt.     New  Mexico 
M.  villosa  var.  persimilis  Grt.     Cali- 
fornia 
Helioloiiche     mcdicella     Grt.       Cali- 
fornia 
Heliodes    rupicola    Hilbn.      Hungary 
Omia  cymbalariae  Hiibn.     Russia 
Xanthodes  graellsii  Feist.     Catalonia 
Xanthothrix     ranunculi     Hy.     Edw. 

California 
Axenus  arvalis  Grt.     California 
Heliaca      (Melicleptria)      diminutiva 

Grt.     California 
H.  tenebrata  Scof.     Europe 
Psychomorpha   epimenis  Dm.     Kan- 
sas 
Euthisanotia    (Eudryas)    unio   Hiibn. 
Ohio 

E.  (Eudryas)  grata  Fabr.    New  York 
E.  timais  Hiibn.    Jamaica 
Noropsis    (Euglyphia)    hieroglyphica 

Cramer.     Jamaica 
Cirrhophanus  (Chariclea)  triangulifer 

Grt.    Tiffin,  O. 
Basilodcs  pepita  Gucn.     Texas 
B.  chrysopis  Grt.     New  Mexico 
Stiria  rugifrons  Grt.     Colorado 
Stibadium  spumosum  Grt.    Kansas 
Plagiomimicus      pityochromus      Grt. 

Colorado 
Plusiodonta     compressipalpis     Guen. 

Texas 


Calpe  canadensis  Beth.    Centre,  N.Y. 
C.  capucina  Esp.     Schwerin 
Panchrysia        (Deva)        purpurigera 

Walk.     Orono,  Me. 
Polychrysia     (Plusia)     formosa    Grt. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
Plusia  aerea  Hiibn.    Centre,  N.  Y. 
P.  aeroides  Grt.    Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
P.  balluca  Geyer.    Orono,  Me. 
P.  c-aureum   Knoch.     Europe 
P.  deaurata  Esp.     Europe 
P.  moneta  Fabr.    Europe 
P.  cheiranti  Tausch.    Europe 
P.  variabilis  Filler    (illustris   Fabr.). 

Europe 
P.  modesta  Hiibn.     Hungary 
P.  consona  Fabr.     Europe 
P.  chrysitis  Fabr.     Europe 
P.  chryson  Esp.     Europe 
P.  bractea  Fabr.     Schwerin 
P.  festucae  Linn.     Europe 
P.  pulchrina  Hew.    Europe 
P.  jota  Linn.     Europe 
P.  gamma  Linn.     Europe 
P.  circumflexa  Linn.     Russia 
P.  daubei  Boisd.     Europe 
P.  ni  Hilbn.    Russia 
P.  interrogationis  Linn.     Europe 
P.  hochenwarthi   Hoch.     Europe 
P.  devergens  Hiibn.     Europe 
Euchalcia      (Plusia)      contexta     Grt. 

Albany,  N.  Y. 
E.   (Plusia)    festuca  Linn.  var.   put- 

nami  Grt.     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
E.  venusta    Walk.    (Plusia    striatella 

Grt.).     Orono,  Me. 
Eosphoropteryx  (/Plusia)  thyatiroidcs 

Guen.     Lewis  count}',  N.   Y. 
Autographa   (Plusia)   mappa  Grt.  & 

Rob.     Adirondack  mts,  N.  Y. 
A.   (Plusia)  bimaculata  .S7r/'/i.  Orono, 

Me. 
A.    (Plusia)      biloba      Steph.        New 

Hampshire 
A.   (Plusia)    verruca    Fabr.      Savan- 
nah, Ga. 
A.  rogationis     Guen.     (Plusia    dyaus 

Grt.).     Indian  river,   Fla. 
A.   (Plusia)    precationis    Guen.      Al- 
bany, N.  Y. 


96 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Autographa  (Plusia)  gamma  Linn, 
var.  californica  Spcycr.    California 

A.   (Plusia)   ou  Guen.    Texas 

A.  brassicae  Riley  (Plusia  ni  IIiib)t.). 
Centre,  N.  Y. 

A.  (Plusia)  octoscripta  6/7.  Lewis 
county,  N.  Y. 

A.  rectangula  Kirby  (Plusia  mortu- 
orum  Guen.).    Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 

A.  (Plusia)  u-aureum  Guen.  Adi- 
rondack mts,  N.  Y. 

A.  selecta  IValk.  (Plusia  viridisignala 
Grt.).    Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 

A.  (Plusia)  epigaea  Grt.  Lewis 
county,   N.   Y. 

A.  (Plusia)  ampla  IVallc.  Adiron- 
dack mts,  N.  Y. 

A.  (Plusia)  falcigcra  Kirby  var. 
simplex  Guen.     Centre,  N.  Y. 

A.  (Plusia)  pasiphaeia  Grt.  Rock- 
ledge,  Fla. 

A.  (Plusia)  sackeni  Grt.  Santa  Fe 
Canyon,  N.  M. 

Syngrapha  (Plusia)  hochenwartlii 
Iloch.     Colorado 

Abrostola  urentis  Guen.    Tiffin,  O. 

A.  triplasia  Linn.     Europe 

A.  (Plusia)  asclcpiadis  Scltiff. 
Europe 

A.  tripartita  Ilufn.     Holland 

Ogdoconta  (Telesilla)  cincrcola 
Guen.      Centre,  N.  Y. 

Telesilla  amethystina  Hiibn.     Europe 

Paectes  (Ingura)  dclincata  Guen. 
?  Atlantic  States 

P.  pygmaca  Hiibn.  (Ingura  pracpilata 
Grt.).    Texas 

P.  (Ingura)  occulafrix  Guen.  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y. 

Marasmalus  inficita  //'(///.•.  (Iiistrio 
Grt.).      ?  Atlantic  States 

Amyna  orhica  Morr.  (Cliytory/.a 
tccta  Grt.).     Texas 

Alabama  (Alctia)  argiilacea  Ilitbn. 
Centre,  N.  Y. 

Anomis  erosa  Hiibn.     Jamaica 

Scolccocampa  liburna  Geycr.  New 
York 

Cilia  distema   Grt.     Texas 

Amolita  fessa  Grt.     Mt  Kisco,  N.  Y. 


Rivula    propinqualis    Guen.      Centre, 

N.  Y. 
Doryodes   bistriaris   Geyer    (acutaria 

Herr.-Schaef.).     Long  Island 
Phiprosopus        callitrichoidcs        Grt. 

Texas 
Annaphila  diva  Grt.     California 
A.  dccia  Grt.     California 
A.  depicta  Grt.     California 
Eustrotia    (Erastria)    albidula   Guen. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
E.   (Erastria)    concinnimacula   Guen. 

Albany,  N.  Y. 
E.   (Erastria)  synochitis  Grt.  &  Rob. 

Albany,  N.  Y. 
E.   (Erastria)        muscoscula       Guen. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
E.   (Erastria)  apicosa  Ilaiv.     Centre, 

N.  Y. 
E.   (Erastria)  carneola  Guen.  Centre, 

N.  Y. 
E.   (Erastria)   dividua  Grt.     Texas 
Erastria  argentula  Hiibn.     Europe 
E.  uncula  Clerck.     Europe 
E.  pusilla  Viezv.     Europe 
E.  deceptoria  Scof>.     Europe 
E.  fasciana  Linn.     Europe 
Cialgula  hepara  Guen.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
G.  iiepara    var.    partita    Guen.    (sub- 
partita  Guen.).     Centre,  N.  Y. 
Lithacodia     brllicula     Hiibn.       Long 

Island 
Protiiymia    rhodarialis    IValk.    (coc- 

cineifascia  Grt.).     Massachusetts 
V.  viridaria  Clerck.     Europe 
lunmelia  trabealis  Seop.    (Agropliila 

sulpburea  Linn.).     Europe 
Ivxyra  rolandiana  Grt.  Massacbusetts 
Xantlioptera        nigrofiMil)ria        Guen. 

Koekledge,  Fla. 
X.  semillava  Guen.     Texas 
iuiblcnnna    (Tiialpocbarcs)    arcuiiina 

Hiibn.     Eurf)pe 
'l'iiall)ocbares         dardouiiii         Boisd. 

luirope 
T.  rcspersa  Hiibn.     Europe 
T.  chlorotica  Led.    Russia 
T.  concinnula  Boisd.     Russia 
T.  communimacula  Hiibn.     Eurcpe 
T.  rosea  Hiibn.     Europe 


Report  oi*  the  state  entomologist  1907 


97 


Thalpochares  purpurina  Hiibn.    Hun- 
gary 
T.  paula  Hiibn.     Europe 
Metoponia       obtusa       Hcrr.-Scliaef. 

?  South  Atlantic  States 
Chamyris      cerintha      Trcit.       Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
Therasca     (Tarache)     angustipennis 

Grt.     Colorado 
Phlogophora  (Habrintis)  scita  Hiibn. 

Russia 
Brotolomia  meticulosa  Linn.     Europe 
Mania  maura  Linn.     Europe 
Naenia  typica  Linn.     Europe 
Tarache  flavipennis  Grt.  '  California 
T.   (Acontia)        lactipennis        Harv. 

Texas 
T.   (Acontia)  biplaga  Gnen.     Texas 
T.   (Acontia)  aprica  Hiibn.     Texas 
T.   (Acontia)        erastrioides       Gucn. 

Texas 
T.   (Acontia)        candefacta       Hiibn. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
Acontia  lucida  Hufn.   (solaris  Esp.). 

Europe 
A.  luctuosa  Esp.     Europe 
Spragueia  leo  Giien.     Savannali,  Ga. 
S.  dama  Guen.     Savannah,  Ga. 
Cloantha  hyperici  Fabr.     Europe 
C.  polyodon  Clerck.     Europe 
C.  radiosa  Esp.     Europe 
Callopistria      (Eriopus)       floridensis 

Guen.     Florida 
C.   (Eriopus)  purpureofasciata  Pillcr. 

Europe  . 
C.   (Eriopus)     latrcillci     Ditp.      Dal- 

matia 
Polyphacnis  sericata  Esp.     Europe 
Trachea  atriplicis  Linn.     Europe 
Metathorasa    (Herrichia)    monitifera 

Guen.     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
Euherrichia    (Herrichia)     mollissima 

Guoi.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
Pangrapta    decoralis    Hiibn.     Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
Hyamia     (Spargaloma)     sexpunctata 

Grt.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
H.  perditalis       Walk.       (Spargaloma 

umbrifascia  Grt.).     Kansas 


lfi)niopyralis     discalis     Grt.      Centre, 

N.  Y. 
H.  contracta     Walk,     (tactus     Grt.). 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
H.  tantillus  Grt.     Rockledge,  Fla. 
llypsoropha  hormos  Hiibn.     Georgia 
Hyblaea  puera  Cram.    Jamaica 
Drasteria     erechtea     Hiibn.      Centre, 

N.  Y. 

D.  caerulea   Grt.     California 
Anophia  leucomelas  Linn.     Europe 
Aedia  funesta  Esp.    Europe 
Catcphia  alchymista  Schiff.    Hungary 
Pseudophia  lunaris  Schiff.    Europe 
P.  tirhaca  Cram.     Europe 
Cacnurgia      (Litosea)      convalescens 

Guen.     Atlantic  States 
Euclidia  cuspidea  Hiibn.     Hamilton, 
Ont. 

E.  triquetra  Fabr.    Hungary 
E.  mi  Clerck.     Europe 

E.  glyphica  Linn.    Europe 
Panula  inconstans  Guen.     Texas 
Meliopotis    nigrescens    Grt.    &    Rob. 

Texas 
M.  pallescens  Grt.  &  Rob.     Texas 
M.   (Bolina)  limbolaris  Go'^r.     Ham- 
ilton, Ont. 
M.  jucunda  Hiibn.     Savannah,  Ga. 
Cirrhobolina  deducta  Morr.    Texas 
C.  mexicana  Behr.     Texas 
Syneda   graphica   Hiibn.      ?    Atlantic 

States 
S.  adumbrata  Behr.     Colorado 
S.  ingeniculata  Morr.    Texas 
S.  howlandii  Grt.     Colorado 
Catocala  epione  Dru.    Kansas 
C.  agrippina  Streck.     Texas 
C.  lacrymosa  Guen.     Dallas,  Tex. 
C.  lacrymosa     var.     evelina     French. 

Saranac  Lake,  N.  Y. 
C.  viduata  Guen.     Texas 
C.  vidua    Sm.     &    Abb.     (desperata 
Guen.).    New  York  city;  Tiffin,  O. 
C.  retecta  Grt.     Hamilton,  Ont. 
C.  flebilis  Grt.     Albany,   N.   Y. 
C.  robinsonii   Grt.     New  York  city; 
Carbondale,  111. 


98 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Catocala  obscura  Streck.     New  Yorlc 

city ;  Carbondale,  111. 
C.  residua  Grt.    Tiffin,  O. 
C.  insolabilis  Guen.    Ohio 
C.  angusi  Grf.     New  York  city 
C.  angusi     var.     lucetta     Ily.     Edzo. 

Carbondale,  111. 
C.  Judith     Streck.      (levcttei      Grt.). 

New  York  city 
C.  tristis  Edzv.    New  York  city 
C.  relicta  Walk.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
C.  relicta     var.     bianca     Hy.     Edn'. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
C.  relicta     var.     phrync     Hy.     Edzc. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
C.  cara  Gucn.    Albany,  X.  Y. 
C.  cara   var.   silvia   Hy.   Edzc.     Car- 
bondale, 111. 
C.  cara  var.  carissima  Hulst.     Florida 
C.  amatrix  Iliibn.    Albany.  X.  Y. 
C.  amatrix  var.  niurus  ll'alk.    Centre, 

N.  Y. 
C.  marmorata  Ediv.     California 
C.  concunibens  IValk.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
C.  concunibens  var.  hillii  Grt.    Centre, 

N.  Y. 
C.  californica  Edzc.     California 
C.  californica  var.  perdita  I!y.  Edzv. 

California 
C.  luciana  Hy.  Edw.    Nebraska 
C.  walshii  Edzv.     Texas 
C.  stretchii  Bchr.     California 
C.  semirclicta   Grt.     Colorado 
C.  unijiiga      Walk.       Lewis     county, 

X.   V. 
C.  nuskei  (///.     Albany,  X.  Y. 
C.  niariana  Hy.  Edw.     Califurnia 
C.  niariana  z'ar.   francesca  Jly.  Ed-w. 

California 
C.  gnitiana   Hailry.     Colorado 
C.  herniia  Ily.  Edzv.     Colorado 
C.  l)riseis  Edzu.    Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
C.  faustina  Streck.     Utah 
C.  irenc  lielir.     California 
C.  irenc  ff/r.  virgilia  Ily.  E.dzc.     Cali- 
fornia 
C.  parta  Guett.     Lewis  comity,  N.  Y. 
C.  coccinala  Grt.     Wisconsin 
C.  circe  Streck.     Texas 
C.  aholibah  Streck.     California 


C.  verrilliana   Grt.   var.   ophclia   Hy. 

Edzv.     New  Mexico 
C.  ultronia     Guen.       Lewis     count v, 

N.  Y. 
C.  ilia  Cram.     Micliigan 
C.  ilia   var.   uxor   Guen.     Coldwater, 

Mich. 
C.  innubens   Guen.     Kansas 
C.  innubens    var.    scintillans    Grt.    & 

Rob.     Virginia 
C.  nel)ulosa  Edzc.     New  York  city 
C.  jiiatrix  (//7.     Kansas 
C.  neogania    Snt.     c'r    ,]/)/;.      Centre, 

X.  Y. 
C.  subnata  (/;/.     Lewis  county,  X.  Y. 
C.  cerogania  Guen.     Centre,   .\.  Y. 
C.  cerogania  z'ar.  l)unkcri   Grt.    Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
C.  palaeogania  Guen.     Kansas 
C.  consors    Guen.      Douglas    county, 

Kan. 
C.  niulii.rcula  Guen.     Xew  York  city 
C.  delilah    Streck.     (adoptiva     Grt.). 

Texas 
C.  illecta  Walk.     Dayton,  C). 
C.  Serena  lulzc.     New  York  city 
C.  antinynipha  Iliibit.     Centre,  X.  Y. 
C.  badia  Grt.  &  Rob.    Kittery  Point, 

Me. 
C.  coelebs  (7//.     Lewis  county,  X.  Y. 
C.  habilis  Grt.     Albany,  N.  Y. 
C.  clintonii  Grt.     Atlantic  States 
C.  abbreviatella  Grt.    Douglas  county, 

Kan. 
C.   wliitnryi   Ihnliie.     Douglas  county, 

Kan. 
C.  niii'tialis        //■((//.•.         Soheneclady, 

X.   V. 
C.  polygain.i     Guen.      Lewis    county, 

N.  Y. 
C.  polygani.i     zw.     crataegi     Saund. 

Maine 
C.  polygama  Z'ar.  niira  Grt.     Douglas 

county,  Kan. 
C.  i)retios;i  I. int.     .Albany,  X.  Y. 
C.  amasia  Sni.  .'•>  .Ibb.     l-'lorida 
C.  Cordelia      Ily.      l-dw.         Douglas 

comity,  Kan. 
C.  siniilis    E.dzv.     (formula    Grt.    & 

Rob.).    Texas 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


99 


Catocala   siniilis   var.   aholah   Streck. 

Georgiana,  Fla. 
C.  fratcrcula  Grt.  &  Rob.     Texas 
C.  fratercula     viir.     atarah     Streck. 

Rcckledgc,  Fla. 
C.  pracclara    Grt.     &    Rob.      Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
C.  gracilis  £</cV.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
C.  arnica  Hiibii.   (androphila  Giicn.). 

Albany,  N.  Y. 
C.  arnica  var.   lineella  Grt.     Albany, 

N.  Y. 
C.  fraxini  Linn.     Europe 
C.  electa  Bkh.     Hungary 
C.  elocata  Esp.     Hungary 
C.  puerpera  Giorna.     Hungary 
C.  nupta  Linn.     Holland 
C.  dilecta  Hilbn.     Dalmatia 
C.  sponsa  Li)ui.     Europe 
C.  promissa  Esp.     Europe 
C.  conjuncta  Esp.     Europe 
C.  pacta  Linn.     Europe 
C.  hymenaea  Schiff.     Europe 
C.  fulminea       Scop.        (paranympha 

Esp.)     Hungary 
C.  conversa  Esp.     Europe 
C.  conversa      var.      agamos      Hiibn. 

Europe 
C.  divcrsa  Iliibn.     Dalmatia 
C.  nymphagoga  Esp.     Dalmatia 
Allotria    elonympha   Hiibn.      Albany, 

N.  Y. 
Andrewsia     messalina     Guen.     (bel- 

fragiana  Harv.).     Douglas  county, 

Kan. 
Euparthenos       (Parthcnos)       nubilis 

Ililbn.     Albany,  N.  Y. 
Apopcstes      (Spintherops)      spectrum 

E.sp.     Europe 
Exophyla  rectangularis  Hilbn.  Europe 
Hypocala    andremona     Cram,     (hilli 

Lint.).     Centre,  N.  Y. 
Litocala  sexsignata  Harv.     Arizona 
Toxocampa  victoria  Grt.     Las  Vegas, 

N.  M. 
T.  pastinum  Trcit.     Europe 
'1 .  craccae  Fabr.     Dalmatia 
r.  limosa  Treit.     Hungary 
Phoberia  atomaris  Hiibn.     Washing- 
ton, D.  C. 


Siavana     repanda     Walk.     (Harveya 

auripcnnis   Grt.).     Florida 
Panapoda  rufimargo  Hiibn.     Albany, 

N.  Y. 
P.  rufimargo  var.   carneicosta  Guen. 

Douglas  county,  Kan. 
Parallelia    bistriaris    Hiibn.      Centre, 

N.  Y. 
Agnomonia      anilis      Dm.      Douglas 

county,  Kan. 
Remigia      repanda      Fabr.       (latipes 

Guen.).     Rockledge,  Fla. 
R.  repanda  Fa&r.  (hexastylus  Harv.). 

Kansas 
Leucanitis  stolida  Fabr.     Europe 
Grammodes  algira  Linn.     Dalmatia 
G.  geometrica        Fabr.         (bifasciata 

Petag.).     Europe 
Poaphila  quadrifilaris  Hiibn.     Centre, 

N.  Y. 
Phurys    vinculum    Guen.     Rockledge, 

Fla. 
Celiptera  frustulum  Guen.    Mt  Kisco, 

N.  Y. 
C.  bucetum  Grt.     Las  Vegas,  N.  M. 
Anticarsia    gemmatilis    Hiibn.     Wis- 
consin 
Strenoloma  lunilinea  Grt.     Kansas 
Campometra  amella   Guen.    (Homop- 

tera  stylobata  Harv.).     Texas 
C.   (Homoptera)  mima  Harv.    Texas 
Trama     detrahens      Walk,      (arrosa 

Harv.).     Douglas   county,   Kan. 
T.  hinna  Geyer.     Archer,  Fla. 
Matigramma  pulverilinea  Grt.    Texas 
M.  pulvcrsoa    Walk,    (laena   Harv.). 

Texas 
Zale  horrida  Hiibn.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
Selenis  monotropa  Grt.     Texas 
Pheocyma  lunifera  Hiibn.     Texas 
P.  umbrina   Grt.     Arizona 
Ypsia  undularis  Dru.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
Y.    undularis    var.    aeruginosa    Guen. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
Pseudanthroecia  coracias  Guen.     Las 

Vegas,  N.  M. 
Homoptera     lunata     Dru.      Albany, 

N.  Y. 
H.   lunata  var.   edusa  Dru.     Centre, 

N.  Y. 
H.  rubi  Hy.  Edzv.     Arizona 


[CX) 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Homoptera    minerca    Guch.      Centre, 

N.  Y. 
H.  calycanthata  Sm.  &  Abb.     Centre, 

N.  Y. 
H.  edusina  Harv.    Texas 
H.  edusina     var.      atritincta      Harv. 

Texas 
H.  penna     Morr.      Douglas     county, 

Kan. 
H.  unilineata  Grt.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
n.  obliqua  Guen.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
li.  duplicata  Beth.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
H.  benesignata  Hurz'.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
Erebus  odora  Liint.     Cuba 
E.  hercyna  Dru.     Brazil 
E.  strix  Linn.     Brazil 
Thysania  zenobia  Cram.     Jamaica 
Epizeuxis  americalis  Guen.      Centre, 

N.  Y. 
E.  aemula  Hiibn.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
E.   (Pseudoglossa)    luljricalis    Gcycr. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
E.   (Pseudoglossa)  dciUiculalis  Harv. 

Kansas 
E.  rotundalis    IValk.    (borcalis  Sm.). 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
E.   (Helia)  calvaria  Fabr.     Europe 
Zanclognatha  laevigata  Grt.     Atlantic 

States 
Z.   (Pityolita)         pcdipilalis        Guen. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
Z.  cruralis  Guen.  Adirondacks,  N.  ^  . 
Z.  protunmusalis     Walk,     (ininanialis 

Grt.).     Rockledgc,  Fla. 
Z.  niarcidilinca  Grt.     Albany,  N.  Y. 
Z.      (Mcgachyta)       lituralis      Iliibn. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
Z.  theralis     Walk.     (Mcgacliyta     de- 

ceptricalis    Zell.).     Hamilton,    Out. 
Z.   (Mcgachyta)     inconspicualis    (/;/. 

Arlirondack  nits,  N.  Y. 
Z.  tarsii)Iumalis  Iliibn.     Europe 
Z.  tarsicrinalis  Knocli.     Europe 
Z.  cmorlualis  .Schiff.     Europe 
Ilerminia  tentacularia  Linn.     Russia 
Hormisa    absorplalis    Walk.    (Litog- 

natlia     nubilifasria     Grt.).      Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
Philomctra    mcti  nalis    Walk,    (lon^i- 

labris  Grt.).     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
P.  eumdusalis    H'alk.    (scrraticornis 

Grl.).     Centre,  N.  Y. 


Chytolita  morbidalis  Guen.     Ohio 
C.  morbidalis      "var.      petrealis      Grl. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
Renia  salusalis  Walk,     (brevirostralis 

Grt.).     Rockledgc,  Fla. 
R.  discoloralis      Guen.       Mt      Kisco, 

N.  Y. 
R.  sobrialis    Jl'alk.   var.   larvalis   Grt. 

Archer,  Fla. 
R.   clitosalis    Walk,    (centralis   Grt.). 

Rockledge,  Fla. 
R.  factiosalis      Jl'alk.        (plcnilinealis 

Grl.).     Centre,  N.  Y. 
R.  fiavipunclalis      Geyer       (belfragei 

(/;•/.).     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
Bloplina   caradrinalis   Guen.     Centre, 

N.  Y. 
Pechipogiin  barl)alis  Clerek.     Europe 
Tetanolita  mynesalis   Walk,      (lixalis 

Grt.).    Rockledge,  Fla. 
1  letcrogramma     pyramusalis      Walk. 

( PhalaenopliaiKi      rurigcna      Grt.). 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
(laberasa    ambigualis    Jl'alk.      Eulin- 

ternia  bifidalis  Grl.).    Centre,  N.  Y. 
I'allliis  an.uiilalis  Iliihii.     .Adirondack 

mis,    .\."V. 
P.  asopialis  Guen.     Rockledge,  Fla. 
Capis  curvata  Grt.     Mt  Kisco,  N.  Y. 
Salia  interpuncta  Grt.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
Lomanaltes  eductalis  JValk.     (laetul- 

lus  Grt.).    Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
Bomohxdia  manalis  //'(;//.•.      Mt  Kisco, 

N.  Y. 
B    l)altimoralis     Guen.       .Xtlirondack 

mts,  N.  Y. 
P..  albalienalis   JJ'alk.     Centre.  N.   Y. 
B.  madefactalis      Guen.       (Macrohy- 

\)cUA     pripfi'cta     Grl.).       Hamilton, 

Ont. 
B.  edictalis  Jl'alk.   (Megliyi)ena  velli- 

fera  (/"■;/.).     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
B.   fdiilis  Tliunh.     Curmany 
Plathypena     scabra     /■(//'/•.       Centre, 

N.  Y. 
Hypeiia     Immuli     Ifarr.      (evanidalis 

Rob.).     Albany.   N.  V. 
II.  ])r()b(iscidalis  Linn.     V.uri)])c 
II.  ]);dpalis  Iliibn.     luunpf 
II.  rostralis  Linn.     I'AirojJe 
H.  lividalis  Iliibn.     Europe 


REl'ORT    or   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 

Nycteolidae 

Xycteola      (Sarrotliripus)      rcvayana     Scop.     Lewis  county,  N.  Y, 


Pericopidae 


Gnophaela   latipcnnis   Boisd.    (holYcri 

Grt.  &  Rob.).    Colorado 
G.  latipcnnis  vnr.  vcrmiculata  Grt.  & 

Rob.     Colorado 


l'la\inia     dicliroa     I'crtg.       Rio     de 
Janeiro 


Dioptidae 


Phryganidia  californica  Pack.     Cali- 
fornia 
Lauron  crgolis  Jl'alk.    Java 


L.    (Dioptis)   vinosa  Dni.     Brazil 
Dioptis  divisa  Hi'tbit.     Brazil 


Thaumetopoedae 

Thaumetopocda   (Cnethocampa)   pro-  [    T.    (Cnethocampa)  pityocampa  Scliiff. 


ccssionca  Liiui.     Europe 


Dalmatia 


Notodontidae 


Apatclodcs    torrefacta    Sm.    &    Abb. 

Glenville,  N.  Y. 
A.  angelica  Grf.     Kittery  Point,  l\Ie. 
Melalopha  (Ichthyura)  inclusa  Hiibii. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
M.   (Ichthyura)  strigosa  Grt.  Kittery 

Point,  Me. 
M.   (Pygaera)        albosigma       fitch. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
Pygaera  anastomosis  Liiiii.     Europe 
P.  curtula  Linn.     Europe 
P.  anachoreta  Fabr.    Thuringia 
P.  pigra  Hufn.     Europe 
Phalera  bucephala  Liiiii.     Europe 
P.  bucephaloides   Ocli.     Europe 
Datana  ministra  Dru.    Long  Island 
D.  angusi  Grt.  &  Rob.  Kittery  Point, 

Me. 
D.  major  Grt.  &  Rob.     Long  Island 
D.  floridana  Gracf.     Florida 
D.  perspicua     Grt.     &     Rob.       Long 

Island 
D.  integerrima  Grt.  &  Rob. 
D.  contracta.  Walk.     Tiffin,   O. 
Ptilophora  plumigera  Esp.     Hungary 
Pterostoma  palpina  Linn.    Thuringia 
Lophopteryx  camelina  Linn.     Europe 
L.  cuculla  Esp.     Europe 


Ochrostigma      (Drynobia)      velitaris 

Hufn.     Europe 
O.    (Drynobia)    melagona  Bkli.     Eu- 
rope 
Odontosia    (Lophopteryx)    carmelita 

Esp.     Europe 
Lcucodonta     (Notodonta)      bicoloria 

ScJiiff.     Russia 
Spatalia        (Notodonta)        argent  ina 

Scliiff.     Europe 
Ilyperaeschra    (Notodonta)    stragula 

Grt.     Glenville,  N.  Y. 
Notodonta  basitricns  IValk.     Sharon, 

N.   Y. 
N.  simplaria  Graef.     New  York 
N.  ziczac  Linn.     France 
N.  dromedarius  Linn.  Europe 
N.    phoebe    Sicbcrt.    (torva    Hiibn.). 

Europe 
N.  tritophus  Esp.     Europe 
N.  trcpida  Esp.     Europe 
Pheosia       dimidiata       Hcrr.-Sclnief. 

(rimosa  Pack.).     Colorado 
P.    (Notodonta)        tremula       CIcrck. 

Europe 
P.   (Notodonta)       dictacoides       Esp. 

Europe 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Drymonia        (Notodonta)        chaoiiia 

Hiibn.     Europe 
Hoplitis      (Hybocampa)      milhauscri 

Fabr.    Dalmatia 
Lophodonta   ferruginea   Pack.     Adi- 
rondack mts,  N.  Y. 
L.  angulosa  Sm.  &  Abb.     Hamilton, 

Ont. 
Nadata  gibbosa  Sin.  &  Abb.    Hamil- 
ton, Ont. 
Nerice    bidentala    IValh.      Hamilton, 

Ont. 
Symmerista    (Edema)    albifrons  S)n. 

&  Abb.     Hamilton,  Ont. 
E.xacreta      (Uropus)      ulmi      Scltiff. 

Europe 
Stauropus  fagi  Linn.     Europe 
Litodonta  hydromeli  Haiv.     Texas 
Hetcrocampa  obliqua  Pack.     Georgia 
H.  mantco  Doubl.  (subalbicans  Grt.). 

Ocean  Beach,  N.  J. 
II.  biundata    Walk.      Saranac    Lake, 

N.  Y. 
ri.   (Seirodonta)        bilincata       Pack. 

Kittcry  Point,  Me. 
lanassa     lignicolor      Jl'alk.       Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
Schizura    ipomoeae   Doubl.      (Coelo- 

dasys    biguttata    Pack.).      Saranac 

Lake,  N.  Y. 
S.  ipomoeae  var.  cinereofrons   Pack. 

Kittery  Point,  Me. 
S.   (Ofdamasia)     concinna     Sin.     & 

Abb.     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 


S.  scmirufescens  IValk.  (Ocdamasia 
cximia  Grt.).     Kittery  Point,  Me. 

S.  (Coelodasys)  unicornis  Sni.  & 
Abb.     Centre,  N.  Y, 

S.  (Coelodasys)  apicalis  Grt.  &  Rob. 
Lcng  Island 

S.  (Ocdamasia)  badia  Pack.  Lewis 
count}',  N.  Y. 

S.  (Coelodasys)  leptinnidcs  Grt. 
Kittcry  Point,  Me. 

Dicranura  (Ilarpyia)  cnninia  Esp. 
Europe 

D.   (Harpyia)    vinula   Linn.     Europe 

Ccrura  scitiscripta  Walk.     Kansas 

C.  scitiscripta  var.  multiscripta  Riley. 
Georgiana,  Fla. 

C.  occidentalis  Lint.  Lewis  county, 
N.  Y. 

C.   (Harpyia)   bicuspis  Pkli.     ICiirope 

C.  (Harpyia)  furcula  Clcrck.  Eu- 
rope 

C.    (Harpyia)    bifida  Iliibn.     luiropc 

Harpyia  (Cerura)  borcalis  Boisd. 
Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 

11.  (Cerura)  cinerea  [/'(///.'.  Hamil- 
ton, Ont. 

II.  (Ccrura)  scolopcndrina  Boisd. 
var.  albicoma.     Colorado 

Fentonia  (Hetcrocampa)  martlKsia 
Cram.     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 

Gluphisia  scptentrionalis  Walk,  (iri- 
lineata  Pack.).     Albany,  N.  Y. 


Thyatiridae 


IIabro.syne  scripfa  Gossc.  Lewis 
county,  N.  Y. 

II.  (Gonf)|)li<)ra )  dera^a  Linn.  Eu- 
rope 

Pseuduthyatira  cymatDplMroidis 

Gticn.     Centre,  N.  V. 


r.   ixpnilrix    (,';/.      Centre.    N.    ^■. 
riiyatira  I)atis  /.///;;.     Russia 
I'aitliyatira   (Thyatira)   i»uvlens  Gncn. 

Albany,  N.   Y. 
I'.ombycia  (Clcoceris)  viminalis  /•"((/';•. 

luiropc 


Liparidae 


IIyj)()gynnia      (Pentliiii)hera)      mnrio 

Linn.     Hinigary 
Orgyia  Konostignia   l-'ahr.      I'urope 
O.  cricac  Germ.     Punurania 


Ndhtlnplnis  anticiua  I. inn.  (Orgyia 
n<;va  k'ilcli).  I'.urope.  Lewis 
county,   N.   V. 

Iiemerncami»a  (Orj^yia)  ler.costigma 
Sm.  &  Abb.    Albany,  N.  Y. 


Rlil'ORT   OF   THE    STATE    ICNTOMOLOGIST    1907 


103 


licmcrocampa       (Orgyia)       dcfiiiita 

Pack.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
Olene  achatina  Stn.  &  .Ibb.   (Paror- 

gyia  parallela  Crt.  &  Rob.).  Rock- 
ledge,  Fla. 
O.  achatina  var.  tephra  Iliibn.  (Par- 

orgyia    obliquata    Grt.     &    Rob.). 

Albany,  N.  Y. 
O.   (Parorgyia)    achatina  z'ur.  cinna- 

momea  Grt.  &  Rob.    Kittcry  Point, 

Me. 
Dasychira  sclcnitica  Esf^.     Tlniringia 
D.   fascehna  Li)iii.     Er.rnpe 


1^.  pudibunda  Linn.     Europe 
Porthcsia  similis  Fiiessl.     Europe 
Stilpnotia     (Lcucoma)     salicis    Linn. 

Budapest,  Hungary 
Porthetria     (Ocneria)     dispar    Linn. 

Europe 
Lymantria    (Psihn-a)    monacha   Linn. 

Europe 
Euproctis    (Porthcsia)    chrysorrhoea 

Linn.     Europe 
Ocneria  detrita  Esp.     Europe 
O.  rubca  Fabr.     Europe 


Endromididae 

Endroniis  vcrsicolora  Linn.     Europe 

Lemoniidae 

Lemonia   (Cratcrcmyx)   taraxaci  Esp.  |    L,   (Crateronyx)  dunii  Liuii.    Europe 
Europe 


Lasiocampidae 


Artace  punctistriga  It'alk.  Savan- 
nah,  Ga. 

Tolype  vellcda  Stoll.     Hamilton,  Ont. 

T.  laricis  Fitch.    Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 

Malacosoma  (CHsiocampa)  amcri- 
cana  Fabr.     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 

M.  (Clisiccanipa)  californica  Pack. 
Nevada 

M.  (CHsiocampa)  disstria  Hiibn. 
New  York 

M.  (CHsiocampa)  castrensis  IJnn. 
Europe 

M.  (CHsiocampa)  neustria  Linn. 
Europe 

AL  (Bombyx)  alpicola  Stcgr.  Eu- 
rope 

Trichiura  (Bombyx)  crataegi  Linn.- 
Thuringia 

Poecilocampa  (Bomliyx)  populi  Linn. 
Europe 

Eriogastcr  (Bombyx)  rimicola  Hiib}i. 
Europe 

E.   (Bombyx)    catax    Linn.      Eurnp-j 

E.   (Bombyx)  lanestris  Linn.   Eurcpj 


Lasiocampa  (Bombyx)  quercus  Linn. 

Thuringia 
L.   (Bombyx)    trifolii   Esp.      Europe 
Macrothylacia    (Bombyx)    rubi  Linn. 

Thuringia 
Cosmotriche   (Lasiocampa)   potatoria 

Linn.     Europe 
■  Chilena  (Lasiocampa)  sordida  Ersch. 

Russia 
Epicnaptcra      (Gastropacha)      ameri- 

cana   Harr.     Iowa 
E.    (Gastropacha)       am.ricana      var. 

californica  FarA'. 
E.   (Lasiocan'pa)    trcnuilif(  lia   Iliibn. 

Europe 
Gastropacha      (Lasiocampa)     qucrci- 

folia  Linn.     Europe 
Odonestis   (Lasiocampa)   pruni  Linn. 

Thuringia 
Dcndrolimus  (Lasiocampa)  pini  Linn. 

Europe 
Pachypasa    (Lasiocampa)    olus    Dru. 

Dahratia 


Bombycidae 

Bombyx  mori  Linn.    New  Hampshire      (Domesticated) 


I04 


.\i:\V    VOUK    STATi:    MUSEUM 


Platypterygidae 


•Orcta      (Dryopteris)      rosea      Jl'alk. 

Adirondack  mts,  N.  Y. 
O.   (Dryopteris)  irrorata  Pack.    Adi 

rondack  nits,  N.  Y. 
Cilix  glaucata  Sco/y.     Europe 
Drepana  (Platyptcryx)  arcuata  U'al'c. 

Adirondack  mts,  X.  Y. 
D.   (Platypteryx)    arcuata   var.   geni- 

cula  Grt.     Catskill,  N.  Y. 


1).  falcataria   Linn.     Europe 
J),  curvatula    Bkli.      Europe 
1).  harpagula    Esp.      Europe 
1).  lacertinaria  Linn.     Europe 
D.  binaria  Hufn.     Europe 
D.  cultraria  Fabr.     Europe 
Miinallo  plagrata  Gucn.     Brazil 


Geometridae 


Xyctobia  limitata  Walk.   (Lobuphora 

vernata  Pack.).     Centre,  N.  Y. 
N.  fusifasciata     Walk.       (Lobophora 
anguilineata   Grt.).     South   Abing- 
ton,  Mass. 
Lobophora  polyconiniata  Hi'ibn.     Eu- 
rope 
L.  sertata  Hi'ibn.     Europe 
L.  carpinata  Bkh.     Europe 
L.  halterata  Hufn.     Europe 
L.  scxalisata   Hithn.     Europe 
Cladora   atroliturata    Walk.      (Lobo- 
phora   geminata    Pack.).      Centre, 
N.  Y. 
Bcssophora     (Ptychoptera)     staudin- 

geri  Chr.     Siberia 
Ophcroptera     borcata     Hiibn.       New 

Berlin,  N.  Y. 
Clicimatobia  bruniata  /.////;.     Europe 
Palcacrita      (Anisoptcryx )      vernata 

Peck.    Kansas 
Anisoptcryx  accraria  .Schift.     luiropc 
A.  acscularia  Schiff.     Europe 
luulule  (Euphancssa)  mcn:lica  Walk. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
E.   (Amcria)   unicolor  Roh.     Arizona 
Lithostegc  farinata  Ihtfn.     I'.udapisl, 

1 lungary 
Anaitis   i)raeforniata   Hiibn.      l",urope 
A.  plagiata  Linn.     Eur«  pe 
A.  |)a!udata  Thunb.     l''uro|)e  j 

A.  paiudata      var.      inil)utata      Ilitbn 

I'innpc 
Ciu-sias  s|)arliata  Pucwl.    luiropc 
N'annia     nfusala     Walk.       (lletero 
phl(i)s   barvciata   Pack.).   '\'\ff\u,  O 


Ileterophlcps  triguttaria  Hcrr.- 
Scliacf.     Centre,  N.  Y. 

Asthcna  (Cidaria)  candidata  Sclntf. 
Europe 

Tepliroclystis  (luipithecia)  miseru- 
lata   Grt.     Lewis   county.   N.    Y. 

T.  al)sinthiata  Clcrck.  (Eupithacia 
geminata  Pack.).  Albany,  X.  Y. ; 
Europe 

T.  (  luipithecia)  oblongata  I'hunb. 
luirope 

T.  (Eupitliecia)  linariata  fabr.  Eu- 
rope 

T.  (P'upilhecia)  pusillata  /•'(//'/-.  Eu- 
rope 

T.  (Eupithecia)  abittaria  Gczc.  Eu- 
rope 

T.  (Cidaria)  pinipin.llata  Hiibn. 
Europe 

'V.  (Eui)itliecia)  castigata  IIitb:i. 
Europe 

T.  (Eupithecia)  satyrata  ///(/"/.  Eu 
rope 

'I".  (Eupithecia)  succenturiata  Linn. 
bairope 

T.  (Eupithecia)  succeiituriata  var. 
subfulvata  Hdv.     Europe. 

T.  (E.upitliecia)  dcnticulala  'Lrcit. 
I-airfipc 

T.  ( luipilheeia)  graphala  Prcil. 
I'.uropc 

T.   (  luipilhicia)    M.iiiala    Uiibn.      V.w 

roi)e 
r.    (  I'.upilhecia  )         inuc  lata        llnfn. 
I'.urnpe 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


10: 


Tcpliroclystis    (Eupithecia)    lanceata 

Iliihii.    Europe 
J".   (Eupithecia)       sobrinata      Hiibn. 

Europe 
Chloroclystis   (Eupithecia)    rcctangu- 

lata  Linn.     Europe 
Eucyniatogc     (Phibalapteryx)     intes- 

tinata  Guen.     Albany,  N.  Y. 
Venusia    cambrica    Curt.      (Epirrita 
cambricaria     Pack.).     Adirondack 
nils.  N.  Y. 
V.   (Epirrita)   duodecemlineata  Paclc. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
V.  comptaria    JValk.      (Epirrita   per- 
lincata  Pack.).  Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
Euchoeca  (Baptria)  albovittata  Gucn. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
Lythria  purpuraria  Linn.     Europe 
Minoa   murinata   Scop.     Europe 
M.  murinata        var.        monochroaria 

Hcrr.-Schacf.     Europe 
Odczia  atrata  Linn,     (chaerophyllata 

Linn.).    Europe 
Sinna  decussata  Bkh.     Europe 
Hydria  undulata  Linn.  Lewis  county, 

N.  Y. ;  Europe 
Scotosia  vetulata  Scliiff.     Europe 
Eustroma    (Petrophora)    diversiline- 

ata  Hiibn.    Albany,  N.  Y. 
E.   (Petrophora)  testata  Linn.   Lewfs 

county,  N.  Y. ;  Europe 
E.  populata       Linn.  (Petrophora 

packardata  Lintn.).    Saranac  Lake, 
N.  Y. 
E.   (Lygris)   populata  Linn.     Europe 
E.  destinata      Mosch.       (Petrophora 
prunata    var.    lugubrata    Mosch.). 
Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
E.   (Petrophora)   prunata  Linn.    Las 

Vegas,  N.  !\L ;  Europe 
E.   (Petrophora)     cunigerata     Walk. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
Rhcumaptera  hastata  Linn.     Adiron- 
dack mts,  N.  Y. 
R.   (Ochyria)     rubrosuffusata     Pack. 

California 
Zenophlcps     (Ochyria)     lignicnlorata 

Pack.     Colorado 
Pcrcnoptilota      (Plemyria')      fluviata 
Hilhn.    Lewis  countv,  X.  Y. 


Mesoleuca  (Rheuniaptera)  rulicilliata 

Guen.     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
M.  gratulata     IValk.     (Rheuniaptera 
brunneiciliata   Pack.).     California 
M.   (Glaucopteryx)  caesiata  Denis  & 

Schiff.     Adirondack  mts,  N.  Y. 
M.   (Rheuniaptera)    lacustrata   Guen. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
yi.   (Petrophora)       truncata      Ilufn. 

Adirondack  mts,  N.  Y. 
^L   (Petrophora)     albolincata    Pack. 

Orono,   Me. 
yi.   (Petrophora)      hersiliata      Gucn. 

Colorado 
M.  vasaliata  Guen.   (Cidaria  rigidata 

Walk.).     South  Abington,  Mass. 
Hydriomena  autumnalis  Strom,   (tri- 

fasciata  Bork.).     Oldtown,  Me. 
H.  taeniata      Stcph.       (Rheuniaptera 

basaliata       Walk.).         .Adirondack 

mts,  N.  Y. 
H.  californiata  Pack.     Lewis  county, 

X.  Y. 
H.   (Plemyria)     multiferata    Walk.). 

Albany,  X.  Y. 
n.   (Phibalapteryx)    latirupta    Walk. 

Albany,  N.  Y. 
H.   (Rheuniaptera)     immediata     Grt. 

Lewis  county,  X'.  Y. 
H.   (Rheuniaptera)   unangulata  Ihm.'. 

Lewis  county,  X'.  Y. 
Triphosa       dubitata       /,/;/;/.       Lewis 

county,  X'.  Y. 
Coenccalpe      (Glaucopteryx)      mag- 

noliata  G%ien.    Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
C.   (Rheuniaptera)     parinotata     Zcll. 

Rockledge,  Fla. 
C.   (Emplccia)        fervifactaria       Grt. 

Water  Canon,  N.  M. 
C.  formosata  Streak.    (Marmopteryx 

sponsata  Grt.).    Las  Vegas,  N.  ^L 
Emplocia     inconstans      Geyer      (ce- 

ohisaria  Grt.).  Water  Canon,  X.M. 
Marmopteryx        marmorata        Pack. 

South  Abington,  Mass. 
Gypsochroa       (Ochyria)       dcsignata 

Ilufn.     Lewis  county,  X.  Y. 
G.  sitcllata     Guen.      (Philereme     al- 

bosignata  Pack.).     Texas 


io6 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Epirranthis        (Ploseria)        puvcrata 

Tliutib.     Europe 
Phibalapteryx        (Cidaria)        aquata 

Hilbn.     Europe 

P.  (Cidaria)  tersata  Hiibu.    Europe 

Petrophora       (Ocliyria)       abrasaria 

Hcrr.-Schacf.     Adirondack  mts,  N. 

Y. 

P.    (Ocliyria)         fcrrugata        Clcrck. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
P.   (Rlicumaptera)      fluctuata     Liim. 

Saranac  Lake,  N.  Y. 
Ortholitha  coarctata  Fabr.     Europe 
O.  plumbaria  Fabr.     Russia 
O.  cervinata  Schiif.     Europe 
O.  limitata  Scop.    Europe 
O.  moeniata  Scop.     Europe 
O.  peribolata  Hiibn.     France 
O.  bipunctaria  ScJiiff.     Europe 
Mesotype  virgata  Rott.    Europe 
Larentia      (Cidaria)      dotata      Linn.   \ 

Europe 
L.   (Cidaria)    ocellata  Ltun.     Europe 
L.    (Cidaria)    bicolorata   Hufn.     Eu- 
rope 
L.   (Cidaria)  variata  Schiff.     Europe 
L.   (Cidaria)    variata   var.   obeliscata 

Hiibn.     Europe 
L.   (Cidaria)    juniperata    Linn.     Eu- 
rope 
^.   (Cidaria)    sitcrata  Ihtfu.    Europe 
>.   (Cidaria)  truncata  Ilufn.    Europe 
..  inmianata  IIciv.    (Cidaria   russata 

Stcgr.).     Europe 
..   (Cidaria)   firmata  Lliibn.     Europe 
..   (Cidaria)    aptata   Hiibn.     Europe 
..   (Cidaria)  viridaria  Fabr.    Europe 
..   (Cidaria)   turbata  Hiibn.     Europe 
..   (Cidaria)         kollariaria        Hcrr.- 
Schacf.     Europe 
..   (Cidaria)   aqucata  Hiibn.     luirnpc 
..    (Cidaria)   fluctuata   /,/)/;/.    Europe 
>.   (Cidaria)  didyniala  Linn.    Europe 
..   (Cidaria)  cainbrica  Curt.    Europe 
..   fCidaria)     vcspcrlaria    Hhli.    Eu- 
rope 
L.   (Cidaria)  incursata  Ilnhn.  l'"iirM|)c 
L.   (Cidaria)   mf>nlana(a  Scliiff.     F.u- 
rope 


L.    (Cidaria)  suffuinata    lliihn.      Eu- 
rope 

L.   (Cidaria)  quadrifasciaria    Clcrclc. 

Europe 

L.   (Cidaria)  fcrrugata         CIcrch. 

Europe 

L.    (Cidaria)  poniocriaria       Ez'crs. 

Europe 

L.   (Cidaria)  dilutata    />7v7;.     Europe 

L.   (Cidaria)  caesiata   Lamj.    luiropc 

L.    (Cidaria)  frustata   Trcif.    F.uropc; 

L.    (Cidaria)  riguata  Hiibn.     Europe 

L.   (Cidaria)  cuculata  Hufn.    luiropc 

L.    (Cidaria)  galiata   Hiibn.     Europe 

L.   (Cidaria)  sociata  BIcli.     Europe 

L.   (Cidaria)  albicillata  Linn.  Europe 

L.    (Cidaria)  lugubrata    Stcgr.      Eu- 
rope 

L.    (Cidaria)  hastata   Linn. 


L.    (Cidaria)    liastata 
Xolck.    Europe 


lu'.ropo 
aibliastata 


\  oicK.    j'Airope 
(Cidaria)    tristata  Linn.    Europe 
(Cidaria)    luctuata  Hiibn.   ]\uvo\^Q 
(Cidaria)        nidlluginata        Hiibn. 


.   (Cub 

luiropc 
.   (Cidaria) 

Europe 


licniillata        Linn. 


•-urope 

(Cidaria)   adacciuata  /?/.■/;.  l-'urnpe 
(Cidaria)  all)ulata  Schiff.     luirojio 
(Cidaria)    nblitcrata    Hufn.      lui- 
ropc 

.  (Cidaria)  lutcala  Schiff.  1-airope 
.  flavofasciata  Thunb.  (Cidaria  dc- 
colorata   Hiibn.).     Europe 


L.   (Cidaria) 

c; 

pi 

Ifcrr 

-Schacf. 

Europe 

L.    (Cidaria) 

c 

r\ 

bit; 

1  hui 

b.      F.u- 

rope 

L.   C Cidaria) 

b 

crb. 

rata 

Schiff. 

luiropc 

L.    (Cidaria) 

nil 

»i( 

at  a 

/•,;/;/-. 

luiro|)c 

1  larnial(  psis 

Ri" 

ria 

/■abr. 

Centre, 

N.  ^■. 

lua^lria     ( C; 

lol 

i\ 

sail 

s )     an 

atuiaria 

11 -all:.     Ka 

isa 

Rli.  (Insln  plii 

1 

(  1 

•ell. 

Ilia) 

\  ibicaria 

Clcrck.     lu 

wo 

IC 

REPORT    OF    TIIR    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    IQO/ 


107 


Rliodostrophia    (Pellonia)    calabraria 

ZcU.     France 
Timandra  amata  Li)iii.     Europe 
Deptalia    (Acidalia)    insularia    Gitcii. 

Florida 
Cosynibia  lumenaria  Hiibn.   (Ephyra 

pendulinaria  Gucii.).    Centre,  N.  Y. 
Synelys   (Acidalia)   cnnuclcata  Gticii. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
S.   (Acidalia)        tiniandrata        Walk. 

Rocklcdge,   Fla. 
Cinglis     similaria     Jl'alk.     (Acidalia 

quadrilineata         Pack.).  Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
Leptomeris  lautaria  Hiibn.    (Acidalia 

minutularia  Hulst.).    Lewis  county, 

N.  Y. 
L.   (Acidalia)         sentinaria        Hitbn. 

Labrador 
L.   (Ephyra)      plantagenaria      Ilitlst. 

Saranac  Lake,  N.  Y. 
Acidalia  perpusillaria  Ev.     Russia 
A.  trilineata   Scop.     Europe 
A.  flaveolaria  Hiibn.     Europe 
A.  similata       Thunb.       (perochraria 

Fabr.).    Europe 
A.  rufaria  Hiibn.    Europe 
A.  sericeata  Hiibn.     Europe 
A.  moniliata  Fabr.     Europe 
A.  virgularia  Hiibn.     Europe 
A.  herbariata  Fahr.     Europe 
A.  bisetata  Hufn.     Europe 
A.  politata  Hiibn.     Russia 
A.  filicata  Hiibn.     Europe 
A.  robiginata  Stcgr.     Europe 
A.  dilutaria       Hiibn.        (holosericata 

Dup.).     Europe 
A.  humiliata  Hufn.     Europe 
A.  immorata  Linn.     Europe 
A.  incanata  Linn.     Europe 
A.  fumata         Steph.         (commutata 

Fabr.).    Europe 
A.  remutaria  Hiibn.     Europe 
A.  emutaria  Hiibn.     Russia 
A.  ornata  Scop.     Europe 
A.  violata  Thunb.  var.  decorata  Bkh. 

France 
Ephyra        (Zonosonia)        pendul.'iria 

Clerck.    Europe 
E.  (Zonosoma)      annulata      Schulzc. 

Europe 


E.   (Zonosoma)  porata  F(//'/-.    Europe 
E.    (Zonosoma)         punctaria        I. inn. 

France 
E.  linearia    Hiibn.     (ZmiMSisma    trili- 

nearia  Bkh.).     Juiropc 
Eois  demissaria  Hiibn.   (ilyria  ferru- 

gata  Pack.).     Centre,  N.  Y. 
E.  ossularia  Hiibn.  (Acidalia  ossulata 

Pack.).     South  Abington,    ■Mass. 
E.   (Acidalia)  inductata         (/";((•;/. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
Emmiltis   sparsaria    Walk.    (Cymato- 

phora        psilogrammaria        ZelL). 

Texas 
Annemoria     faseolaria     Gucn.      (1m- 

donia     fasciolaria     Hulst).       Cali- 
fornia 
Chlorochlamys  (Eucrostis)  chlorolcu- 

caria  Guen.     Massachusetts 
liemithea    (Nemoria)    strigata   Mull. 

Europe 
Thalera   limbrialis  Scop.     Europe 
T.  putata      Linn.       (Jodis      punctata 

Hiibn.).     Europe 
T.   (Jodis)   lactearia  Linn.     Europe 
Eucrostis  incertata  Walk.   (Memoria 

gratata  Pack.).     Centre,  N.  Y. 
Memoria  pulmentaria  Gucn.    Europe 
Racheospila      (Eucrostis)      saltusaria 

LIulst.     Indian  river,  Fla. 
Euchloris      (Phorodesma)      sniarag- 

daria    Fabr.    var.     prasinaria     Fv. 

Sarepta,   Russia 
Synchlora  aerata   Fabr.    (rubivoraria 

Pack.).     Lewis   county,   N.   Y. 
S.  denticulata      Walk.      (cxcurvaria 

Pack.).     Rockledge,  Fla. 
Aplodcs  mimosaria  Gucn.     Long  Is- 
land 
Pseudoterpna    pruinata    Hufn.      Eu- 
rope 
Anaplodes  (Geomctra)  iridaria  Gucn. 

Georgiana,  Fla. 
Gecmetra  papilionaria  Li>in.     Russia 
G.  vernaria  Hiibn.     Europe 
Fernaldella    (F"idonia)    fimctaria  Grt. 

&  Rob.     Texas 
Epelis    (Fidonia)    truncataria    Walk. 
Centre.  N.  Y. 


io8 


NEW    VUKK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Epelis  truncataria  JValk.   (Ematurga 

ocellinata  Guen.).    Mt  Kisco,  N.  Y. 
Eufidonia    notataria    U'allc.      Centre, 

N.  Y. 
Orthofidonia  exornata  ll'alk.    Centre, 

N.  Y. 
J.   (Corycia)        semiclarata        IVallc. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
O.   (Corycia)  vestaliata  Guoi.  Centre, 

N.  Y. 
Mellilla       inextricata       JVciIk.       vav. 

xanthometata        JValk.        (Lytliria 

snoviaria  Pack.).    Douglas  county, 

Kan. 
Psysostegania    (Stegania)    pustularia 

Guen.     Lewis  county,  X.  Y. 
Deilinia      variolaria      Guen.       Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
D.  erythremaria  Guen.    Lewis  county, 

N.  Y. 
D.  liberaria    Walk.     (Aspilates    lint- 

neraria  Pack.).     Centre,  N.  Y. 
D.  liberaria    IValk.     (Aspilates    lint- 

neraria  var.  diffusea  Pack.).     Cen- 
tre,   N.    Y. 
D.   (Cabera)    pusaria    Linn.      Europe 
Sciagraphia    (Seniiothisa)    granitata 

Guen.    Centre,  N.  Y. ;  Oldtown,  Me. 
S.   (Seniiothisa)    ])unctiilincata   Pack. 

Texas 
S.  heliothidata      Cucn.      ( Seniii)ihisa 

ocellinata  Guen.).    Mt  Kisco,  N.  Y. 
S.  calif orniaria     Pack.      (Seniiothisa 

californiata         Pack.).        Douglas 

county,  Kan. 
S.  mcadiaria  Pack.  (Phasianc  nieadi- 

ata  Pack.).     Saranac  Lake,  N.  Y. 
S.  continuata    Jl'alk.    ( Marnioptcryx 

strigularia    Walk.).      Xi-w    Berlin, 

N.  Y. 
S.  continuata        ( Phasiane       orillata 

li'alk.).     South  Abington,  Mass. 
S.   (Phasiane)        nullistrigata       Grl. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
S.   (Phasianc)    incllistrigata  var.   tri- 

fasciata  Pack.    Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
Phasianc  partilaria  I/iihu.     l-rance 
P.  clatiirata  I. inn.     Eiiniie 


P.  glarearia  Brahni.    Europe 
Eubolia  arenacearia  Hiibn.    luiropc 
E.  niurinaria  Fabr.     Europe 
Philobia   (Seniiothisa)   enotala  Guen. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
2\Licaria        (Seniiothisa)        s  signata 

Pack.     Texas 
I\I.   (Psamniatodcs)     ereniiata    Guen. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
M.    (Seniiothisa)    praeatomata    Haw. 

Centre,  N.   Y. 
M.   (Seniiothisa)     praeatomata     var. 

bisignata  Walk.    Centre,  N.  Y. 
M.   (Seniiothisa)     niendicata     Hitlst. 

Arizona 
M.    (Deilinea)       scptenitlr.aria       Grt. 

Ohio 
Seniiothisa     (Macaria)    nntala    Linn. 

Europe 
S.    (Macaria)         altcrnaria         Hiibn. 

Europe 
S.    (Macaria)  signaria  Iliibn. 

Europe 
S.    (ALacaria)  liturata  Clcrck.  Europe 
Cyniatophora      (Eutitchia)      ribcaria 

Fitch.     Lewis  county,  X.  ^'. 
C.  sulphurea     Pack.      (  Tlianinononia 

sulphuraria  Pack.).     Soutli  Abing- 

ton,  Mass. 
C.    (Tlianinononia)  brunueata  I'liuub. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. ;  Europe 
C.  inccptaria     Walk.     (Thaninon.  nia 

argillacearia  Pack.).     S^uilh  .\bing- 

ton,  Mass. 
C.   (Thannniionia  )  suljoissaria  Walk. 

Schenectady.   N.   N'. 
C.  pustularia       Iliibn.        (lunuacaria 

brunnearia   Pack).     Centre,    \.    ^'. 
C.  or  Fabr.     luuope 
C.  cctogesinia   Iliibn.     Ru>-sia 
C.  (luplaris  Linn,     i'uropc 
PoIy|)lr.ca     ( Aspli.ili.i  )     diiula     /•',//'/■. 

Iunoi)c- 
P.    (Asphali.i)    rulKolHs    /■.;/'/•.      I),d- 

inatia 
P.   (Cyniato])hnra )     ll.ivicornis    /./(/;. 

Euro])e 
P.    ( Aspliali.i )    ri<l(Ms    luibr.      l'"ui"oi)c 
Thanniononia    (ll.di.i)    loricaria    /;t'. 

h'urope 


REPORT    OF    TIIK    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


109 


Thaninonoina    (Ilalia)    waiiria   Liiiii. 

Europe 
Euaspilatcs    spinataria    Pack.      Colo- 
rado 
lloniochlodi.'s  fritillaria  Giicii.  (Lozo- 

gramnia  discovcnta  Wall;.).    Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
Apaecasia    (Lozogranima)    dctcrsala 

Guen.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
A.   (Lozogramma)      defluata      Walk. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
Catopyrrha       (Aspilates)       coloraria 

Fabr.    Centre,  N.  Y. 
C.   (Aspilates)     coloraria    var.     dis- 

siniilaria  Hilbn.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
Perconia        (Aspilates)        strigillaria 

Hi'ihn.     Europe 
Enemera      (Selidosema)      juturnaria 

Gitcit.     Washington 
Fidonia      limbaria      Pabr.         Digne, 

France 
Eurranthis       (Athroolopha)       penni- 

geraria      Hiihn.      var.      chrysitaria 

Hiibn.     Algeria 
E.  plumistaria  Vill.     Digne,  France       | 
Caripeta      divisata      Walk.        Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
C.  augustiorata  Walk.    Lewis  county, 

N.  Y. 
C.  angustiorata   var.   latiorata    Jl'alk. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
luiypia   (Clcora)   venata  (/';•/.    Wash- 
ington 
Gno])hos   glaiicinaria   Iliibii.    Iuu-iii)c 
G.  dilucidaria  llilhn.     Europe 
G.  niyrtillata   I'liuiib.  z\ir.  ohfuscaria 

Iliihn.     Europe 
I'siKJiis  alpinala  Scop.     Europe 
P.  ccjracina  Rsp.     Norway 
Pygmacna  fusca   Thuiib.     Europe 
Eniaturga   atomaria   Linn.      Russia 
Rupalus  piniarius  L[}ui.     lun'ope 
Cleogene  lutearia  Pabr.     Europe 
Scoria  lineata  Scop,  (dcalliala  J.inu.). 

Sarepta,  Russia  j 

Aspilates  mundataria   Cram.     Russia 
A.  gilvaria  Fabr.     Europe  ! 

Nepytia   scmiclusaria    ]Valk.    (Cleora  j 

pulchraria  Minot).     Albany,  N.  Y.  | 


Alois  (Semiothisa)  nielanemaria 
Ilul.s't.     Arizona 

A.  (llenicrophila)  latifasciaria  /'(/c-A-. 
Wa:ihington 

Nychiodes  lividaria  lliibn.     l-lurope 
Paraphia  subatoniaria   \\\>ad.     Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
Lytrosis       (IIemc:-ophila)       r.nitaria 

Hcrr.-Schaef.    Locust  Grove,  N.  Y. 
Tornos  scolopacinarius  Gucn.    (rubi- 

ginosus  Morr.).     Texas 
Selidosema      (Boarmia)      huniaririui 

Gucn.     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
S.   (Boarmia)      umbrosarium     Pliibn. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
S.  ericetaria   Vill.     Europe 
Boarmia  cinctaria  Scliiff.     Europe 

B.  gemmaria  Brahni.     France 
B.  secundaria  Psp.     Europe 
B.  repandala  Linn.     Europe 
B.  roljoraria  Schiff.     Europe 

B.  roboraria    var.      infuscata    Sicgr. 

Europe 
B.  ccnsortaria  Pabr.  Europe 
B.  angularia  Phunb.  Europe 
B.  lichenaria  Hufn.  Europe 
B.  selenaria  Hiibn.  Europe 
B.  consonaria  Hiibn.  Europe 
B.  luridata   Bkli.     Europe 

B.  punctularia  Hiibn.     Europe 
Cleora      (Cidaria)      opacaria     LliiLsl. 

Rocky  mountains 

C.  (Tephrosia)  cribralaria  Gucn. 
Centre,   N.    Y. 

C.  indicataria  Walk.  (P)oarniia 
polygrammaria  Pack.).  Lewis 
county.  N.  Y. 

C.  (P>oarmia)  pampinaria  Gucn. 
Centre,   N.    Y. 

C.  (Hoanria)  larvaria  {;;(<•;/.  Lewis 
county,   N.   Y. 

Melanolophia  (Tephrosia )  canadari.n 
Gucn.     Lewis  county.   N.   Y. 

Aethaloptera  intextata  ]\'alk.  (Teph- 
rosia an'.icaria  Walk.).  Centre, 
N.  Y. 

Ectropis  (Boarmia)  crepuscularia 
Denis  &  Schiff.  Saranae  Lake, 
N.  Y. ;  Europe 


no 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Epiniccis  virginaria  Cram,    (hortaria 

Fabr.).     New  York  city 
Aniphidasis  betularia  Linn.     Europe 
L\-cia  (Biston)  ursaria  Walk.  Centre, 

N.  Y. 
L.   (Eubyja)  cognataria  Gnen.  Lcwii 

county,  N.  Y. 
Biston  hispidaria  Fabr.     Europe 
B.  zonaria  Schiif.     France 
B.  graecarius  Stegr.    Europe 
B.  hirtaria  Clerck.    Europe 
B.  strataria  Hufn.     Europe 
Nacophora    (Eubyja)    cupidaria   Grl. 

Hamilton,   Ont. 
Phigalia     titea     Cram,      (strigataria 

Minot).     Centre,  N.  Y. 
Erannis     (Hybernia)     tiliaria    Harr. 

Hamilton,  Ont. 
Hybernia    rupicapraria    Hiibn.      Eu- 
rope 
H.  bajaria  Schiff.     Europe 
Hi  leucophaearia      Schiff.        Europe 
H.  aurantiaria  Esp.     Europe 
H.  marginaria  Bkli.     Europe 
Cingilia      (Zerene)     catcnaria     Dru. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
Lychnosea      (Endropia)      hclviularia 

Hulst.     Colorado 
L.  intermicata      Walk.         (Aspilatcs 

pcrvaria  Pack.).    Tiffin,  O. 
Anagoga   pulveraria   Linn.     Adiron- 
dack mts,  N.  Y. 
Sicya  macularia  Ilarr.    Lewis  county, 

N.  Y. 
Thcrina    (Ellopia)    vitraria  Grl.   Las 

Vegas,  N.  M. 
T.  athasiaria  Walk,  (bibularia  Grl.  & 

Rob.).    Rocklcdgc,  Fla. 
T.  fcrvidaria  Hiibn.     Albany,  N.  Y. 
T.   (Ellopia)    fcrvidaria  var.  soninia- 

ria  JIulst.     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
Ellopia    prosapiaria    Linn.      Europe 
E.  prosapiaria  var.  prasinaria  Hiibn. 

Europe 
Epione  apiiiaria  .Schiff.     lunope 
!•:.  parallclaria    .Schiff.      Yr.rk,    I'.ng 

land 
v..  a<lvcnaria  Hiibn.     York,  Engl.md 
Vc-nilia  macularia   Linn.   Europe 


Mctrocampa      praegrandaria      Gucn. 

(perlaria    Pack.}.      Lewis    count\', 

N.  Y. 
M.  margaritata  Linn.    Europe 
M.  honoraria  Schiff.     Europe 
Xumeria  pulveraria  Linn.     Europe 
N.  capreolaria  Fabr.     Europe 
Eugonobapta      (Acidalia)      nivosaria 

Gucn.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
Ennomos     (Eudalimia)     subsignarius 

Hiibn.     Albany,   N.   Y. 
E.  magnarius     Gnen.     (Eugonia     al- 

niaria  Hiibn.).     Albany,  N.  Y. 
E.   (Eugonia)     autumnaria     Werncb. 

Europe 
E.   (Eugonia)        qucrcinaria       Hufn. 

Europe 
v..    (luigonia)   alniaria  /,;,(/;.    Europe 
E.   (Eugonia)    crosaria    Lliibn.      Eu- 
rope 
Xanthotypc     (Angcrona)     crocataria 

Fabr.     Lewis  county,  X.  Y. 
Agcrona  prunaria  Linn.     Europe 
Plagodis     keutzingi     Grt.     (kcutzin- 

garia  Pack.).  Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
P.  alcoolaria  Gucn.  Albany,  N.  Y. 
P.  phlogosaria  Gucn.     Lewis  county, 

N.  Y. 
]'".urynienc   dwlabraria    Linn.      ICuropc 
llyperitis       amicaria       Hcrr.-ScliAcf. 

Albany,   N.  Y. 
Hinicra  pennaria  Linn.     I'"rancc 
Crocallis   tusciaria   /)/.•//.      l""ranoe 
C.  clinguaria  Linn.     Europe 
Opisthograptis      (Rumia)       luteoja'.a 

Li>in.      I'.urope 
Ania    liniliala    Hazv.    (Ncmatocampa 

filinunlaria  Gucn.).  Lewis  countv, 

N.   Y. 
Ourapteryx    (  l^raploryx)    sa^nbucaria 

Li\in.      lMn-(ii)e 
Aricliainia       (Khyparia)       niilaiiaria 

Linn.      Europe 
Abraxas  grossulariala  Linn.     Europe 
A.  sylvala  Scofi.     iuuopi- 
A.  adii>tala    Schiff.      i'.iiinpc 
A.  niarginata       /./;/;/.        (marginaria 

Uiibn.).    Europe 
iiajita  bimaculata  l-abr.     luirr.pe 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


III 


B.  tcmcrata  Hiibn.     Europe 
Gonodontis    (Endropia)    hypochraria 

Herr.-Schacf.     Albany,   N.   Y. 
G.   (Endropia)   warncri  Harv.     Cen- 
tre,  N.   Y. 
Gonodontis  (Endropia)  duaria  Gucn. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
G.   (Epirranthis)     obfirniaria    Hiibn. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
G.   (Caberodes)     autidiscaria     Walk. 

Florida 
G.   (Odontopera)     bidcntata     Clerck. 

Europe 
Euchlaena    (Endropia)    scrrata   Dm. 

Lewis   county,   N.   Y. 
E.   (Endropia)        obtusaria        Hiibn. 

Adirondack  mts,   N.   Y. 
E.   (Endropia)        effeclaria        Walk. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
E.  johnsonaria  Fitch    (Endrcpia  bil- 

inaria  Pack.).  Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
E.  astylusaria  Walk.   (Endropia  ma- 

dusaria  Walk.).     Mt  Kisco,  N.  Y. 
E.   (Endropia)       niarginata      Miiwt. 

Lewis   county,   N.   Y. 
Selenia     bilunaria     Esl>.      (illunaria 

Hiibn.).    Europe 
S.  lunaria  Schiff.    Europe 
S.  tctralunaria      Hnfn.       (illustraria 

Hiibn.).     Europe 
Ilygrochroa     (Pcricallia)     syringaria 

Linn.     Europe 
Therapis  evonymaria  Schiff.    Europe 
Epiplatymetra      (Tetracis)     colorad- 

aria   Grt.   &  Rob.   Colorado 
E.  (Tetracis)  grotearia  Pack.    Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
Metanema  inatomaria  Gucn.     Locust 

Grove,  N.  Y. 


I\I.  determinata       Walk.        (carnaria 

Pack.).     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
M.   (Tetracis)     cxcelsa    Strcck.    var. 

simpliciaria  Grt.     Incw   Mexico 
M.   (Endropia)     textrinaria    Grt.    & 

Rob.    Hamilton,  Ont. 
Priocycla      (Endropia)      armantaria 

Hcrr.-Schacf.    Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
Azclina  ancetaria  Hiibn.     (hubnerata 

Pack.).     Mt  Kisco,  N.  Y. 
A.  ancetaria     var.     peplaria     Hiibn. 

(var.   atrocolorata  Hnlst).     Tiffin, 

O. 
Syssaura    infensata    Gucn.    var.    bi- 

claria    Walk.      (Drepanodes   pubcr 

Grt.  &  Rob.).    Rockledge,  Fla. 
Caberodes  confusaria  Hiibn.     Centre, 

N.   Y. 
C.  majoraria    Gucn.      Saranac    Lake, 

N.  Y. 
Oxydia     vesulia     Cram,      (vesuliata 

Gucn.).     Rockledge,  Fla. 
Tetracis     crocallata     Gucn.       Centre, 

N.  Y. 
Sabulodes      (Tetracis)      lorata     Grt. 

Albany,  N.  Y. 
S.   (Eutrapela)      transversata      Dru. 

Albany,  N.  Y. 
Abbotana    clemataria    Sni.    &    Abb. 

(Eutrapela      clementata      Hiibn.). 

Lewis   county,   N.   Y. 
Phrygionis     argenteostriata     Streck. 

(Byssodes   obrussata  Grt.).   Rock- 
ledge,   Fla. 
I'.rcphos  infans  Moschl.  Centre,  N.  Y 
1').  parthenias  Linn.     Europe 
]'>.  nothum  Hiibn.     Europe 
R.  puella  Esp.     Hungary 


Epiplemidae 

Callizzia  ainorala  Pack.     Adirondack  mts,  N.  Y. 


Cymbidae 

Sarrothripus     revayana    Scop,     (un-  \     E.  clorana  Linn.     Europe 

dulana  Hiibn.).     Europe  I     Hylopbila  prasinana  Linn.    Europe 

Earias   vernana   Hiibn.     Europe  |     H.  bicolorana  Fucssl.     Europe 


112 


NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Nolidae 


Nola  togatulalis  Hi'ibn.     Europe 
N.  cucullatclla  Linn.     Europe 
N.  cicatricalis  Treit.     Europe 


X'.  confnsalis  Hcrr.-Scliacf.     Europe 
N.  albula  Schiff.     Europe 
Roesclia      (Nola)      minuscula     Zcll. 
Hamilton,    Ont. 


Psychidae 


Eurycyttarus  (Psyche)  confederata 
Crt.  &  Rob.    Atlantic  States 

Acanthopsyche  (Psyche)  zcllcri 
Maun.     Europe 

Pachytelia  (Psyche)  unicolor  I  In  fit. 
Europe 

Amicta  (Psyche)  ecksteini  Lrd.  Eu- 
rope 

Orecpsyche  atra  Linu.  (Psyche  plumi- 
fera  Och.).    Europe 


Stcrrhoptcrix  (Psyche)  liir>utclla 
Iliibii.     Europe 

Rebelia  (Fiimca)  sapho  .1/(7/.  Eu- 
rope 

Iqiichiioptcryx    pulla    /I.v/'.      Europe 

Psychidca  (Epichnopteryx)  lionilty- 
cella  Schiff.    Europe 

P.    (Eumea)  pcctinella  Uabr.    Europe 


Sibine     (Enipretia)     stiniulca     Clem. 

Long  Island 
Euclea  deli)hinii   Jioisd.  var.  querccti 

Ilcrr.-Schacf.     Atlantic   States 
E.   (Parasa)      chloris     Hcrr.-Schacf. 

Long  Island 
Adoneta     spinuloides     Ilcrr.-Schacf. 

Saranac  Lake,  N.  Y. 


Cochlidiidae 

Crichlidion    (lIcterdKcnca)    liniacodes 

1 1  It  f  II.     Europe 
Heterogenea  asclla   Schiff.     Europe 
Prolimacodcs      (Liniacodes)      scapha 

Harr.     Long  Island 
Lithacodes      fasciola      Hcrr.-Schacf. 

Minnesota 


Megalopygidae 
Lagoa  crispata  Pack-.     L<>nt:  Island 


Pyromorphidae 


Pyroinorpha   diniidiala   1 1crr.-Scliacf. 

Arizona 
Triprocris     (Lycoinorpha)     constans 

Ily.  Ediv.     New  Mexico 


larrisina      a 
New  York 


i'.iicr.-Mccc 


Thyridae 
Mcskca  dyspteraria  (7/7.     IHnrida  |    Thyris    fciieslrella   .SVc/'.     Europe 


Cossidae 
Zcuzcra  pyrina  /,/;//(.     l'".ur<.i.(  1    (  ..smis  ^■()SMl^  /.,;m/      iMin.pe 

Cossusccntcrcnsis /-iH/.   Centre.  N.  Y.  |    ll\iin|)(,i  thrips  lluhn.     Russia 
Prionoxystus        (Cossus)        robiniac  I 
Peck.     Savannah,  Ga.  ( 


REPORT    OF   TH1-:    STATK    ENTOMOLOGIST    1907 


113 


Mclittia         satyriniformis         Hiibii. 

(Mclitia  ccto  Wcstzv.).  New  York 
P(uIoscsia  syringae  Ilarr.  New  York 
Acgeria        (Trochiliiim)        apiformis 

CIcrclc.     Europe;  Long  Island 
Honihccia     niarginata     Hair.       New 

York 
Saniiinoidca   (Sannina)   cxitiosa  Say. 

Ohio 
Sciaptcron    tabanifornie    Rotf.      Eu- 
rope 
Sesia  rutikms  Ily.  Edw.  (aureola  Hy. 

Ed7v.).     New  York 
S.  fipuliformis       Clcrck.         Ontario, 

Can. ;  Germany 
S.    (Acgcria)    pictipes    Grt.    &    Rob. 

New  York 
S.   (Aegeria)  acerni  Clciii.    Ontario 


Sesiidae 

S. 


scoliaeformis  Bkh.     Europe 
sphcciformis  Gcni.     Europe 
cephiformis  Och.     Europe 
conopiformis  f.sp.     Europe 
vespiformis      Liiin.       (asiliforniis 
Rott.).     Europe 
myopaeformis  Bkh.     Europe 
culiciforniis  Linn.     Europe 
forniicacforniis  Esp.     Europe 
annellata  ZclL     Europe 
empiformis  Esp.     Europe 
astatiformis     Ilcrr.-Schacf.       Eu- 
rope 

bibionifonnis  Esp.    Europe 
muscaeformis  I'iczv.    Europe 
affinis  Stcgr.     Europe 
clirysidiforniis  Esp.     Europe 


Pyralidae 


Lipccr  snia    sicalis     ]]'alk.       Douglas 

county,   Kan. 
Hymcnia      (Zinckenia)      perspcctalis 

Hiibn.     Rockledge,  Fla. 
Desmia    funeralis    Hi'ibn.    (maculalis 

Jl' est.).     Rockledge,  Fla. 
Diastictis     (Botis)     argyralis    Hiibn. 

Mt  Kisco,  N.  Y. 
D.   (Botis)     argyralis    var.    ventralis 

Grt.     &    Rob.      South    Abington, 

Mass. 

D.  (Bntis)    fracturalis  ZcU.     Texas 
Pilocrocis       (Botis)       plumbicostalis 

Grt.     Rockledge,  Fla. 
P.  inguinalis     Gucn.     (Crocidophora 

anticostalis  Grt.).     Savannah,  Ga. 
Conchylodes  platinalis  Guen.     South 

Atlantic  States,  West  Indies,  South 

America 
Pantographa  limata  Grt.  &  Rob. 
Diaphania        (Eudioptis)        hyalinata 

Linn.     Texas 
Evcrgesiis     (Mcsographe)     rimnsalis 

Gucn.    Illinois 

E.  straminalis     Hiibn.     (Mcsographe 
stramentalis  Hiibn.) .    Albany,  N.  Y. 


Crocidophora      serratissimalis      Zcll. 

(subdentalis    Grt.).      Schenectady, 

N.  Y. 
Nomophila  noctuella  Denis  &  Schiff. 

Centre,  X.  Y. 
Loxostege       (Eurycreon)       chortalis 

Grt.    Centre,  N.  Y. 
L.  obliteralis    ]Valk.     (Botis    marcu- 

lenta  Grt.  &■  Rob.).     Lewis  county, 

N.  Y. 
L.   (Eurycreon)    similalis   Gucn.  var. 

rantalis     Gucn.       Douglas     county, 

Kan. 
L.    (Eurycreon)         sticticalis        Linn. 

Rocky   mountains,    California,    lut- 

rope? 
L.  commixtalis      Walk.      (Eurycreon 

ceralis  Zcll).     Block  Island,  R.  I. 
Tholeria     (Botis)     reversalis     Gucn. 

Bastrop  county,  Texas 
Phlyctaenia   ferrugalis   Hiibn.    (Botis 

harveyana  Grt.).     South  Abington, 

Mass." 
P.  acutclla      il'alk.      (Botis      vinalis 

Grt.).     Centre,  N.  Y. 
P.    (Botis)      terrcalis     Trcit.       Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 


114 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Phyctacnia    (Botis)    cxtricalis   Gucii. 

Catskill,  X.  Y. 
P.  tertialis  Gucii.  (Botis  ploctilis  (Jrt. 

&  Rob.).     Lewis  county,  X.  Y. 
Cindaphia    bicoloralis    Gum.      South 

Abington,  Mass. 
Pryrausta     pertcxtalis     Led.      (B.)ti£ 

gcntilis  Grt.).     Albany,  X.  Y. 
P.  thestealis     Walk.     (Botis     mayis- 

tralis  Grt.).     Centre,  N.  Y. 
P.  theseusalis   Walk.    (Botis   feudalis 

Grt.).     South  Abington,   Mass. 
P.  oxydalis    Guen.    (Botis    flavidalis 

Gucn.).     Rocklcdge,  Fla. 
P.  orphisalis     Walk.      (Botis     adipa- 

loides  Grt.  &  Rob.).    South  Abing- 
ton, Mass. 
P.  fumalis    Guen.    (Botis    badipennis 

Grt.).      Lewis    county,    N.    Y. 
P.   (Botis)   illibalis  Iliibn.     Tiffin,  O. 
P.    (Botis)    penitalis    Grt.      Douglas 

county,  Kan. 
P.  futilalis      Led.      (Botis      crcctalis 

Grt.).     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
P.  unifascialis    Pack.    (Botis    suboH- 

valis  Pack.).  Lewis  county,  X.  Y. 
P.  (Botis)  fodinalis  Led.  California 
P.  phoeniccalis     Iliibn.      (Eurycrcmi 

onythcsalis  Walk.).     Kansas 
P.  acrionalis   Walk.   (Botis  sumptuo- 

salis  Walk.).    Albany,  N.  Y. 
P.   (Botis)    insequalis    Gucn.      Smith 

Abington,  Mass. 
P.   (Botis)     gcnerosa    Grt.    &    Rob. 

Lewis  county,  X.  Y. 
P.   (Botis)    laticlavia    Grt.    &    Rob. 

var.  cinerosa  Grt.   &  Rob.     Rnck- 

ledgc,  Fla. 
P.  tyralis  Gtien.    (Botis   diffissa   (/; '. 

ff  Rob.).     Rocklcdge,  Fla. 
P.   (Botis)    signatalis   ]Valk.     ITaniii- 

ton,  Ont. 
P.   (Botis)    uniniacula    Grt.    &    Rob. 
-    Mt  Ki.sco,  N.  Y. 
P.  funt-bris    .Strom.    (  lumychia   oclo- 

maculata     Linn.).      Lewis     county, 

N.  Y. 
P.   (Botis)  tcrrcalis  I'reil.     ICuropc 
Sylepta  (Botis)  ruralis  Scop.     Russia 


Kustixia    (Thclctcria)    piipula   Iluhn. 

South  Abington,   IMass. 
Xoctuelia     thalialis     Walk.        (Em- 

prcpes  novalis  Grt.).     Texas 
Xyinphula  icciusalis   Walk.    (Hydro- 

campa     gemaulis     Led.).       Locust 

Grove,  X.  Y. 
X.     sp.     (Hydrocanipa)     sp.     Rock- 
lcdge. Fla.' 
X.  badiusalis      Walk.      ( Oligostignia 

albalis  Rob.).     Albany.   X.   Y. 
Elophila    (Cataclysta)    avcriialis  Grt. 

X^cw  Mexico 
]•:.    (Cataclysta)    sp.     R.  cklcdgo.   bla. 
Scoparia  basaiis  Walk,  (libella  Grt.). 

Lewis  county.  X.  Y. 
S.  centuriclla  Denis  &  Sell  iff.  Lewis 

county,  X.   Y. 
Aglossa    cuprcalis     Iliibn.     (donialia 

Guen.).     Albany,  X.  '\'. 
Hypsopygia    (Asopia)    c  istalis   I'abr. 

Centre,  X.  Y. 
Pyralis      (Asopia)      farinalis      Linn. 

Lewis  county,   X.  Y. 
llcrculia  thymclusalis  Walk.  (Asopia 

dcvialis    Grt.).      Adirondack    mts, 

X.  Y. 
11.  inlcrnicdialis        Walk.        (.Asopia 

s(|naniealis  GrI.).     Centre.  X.  Y. 
II.   (.Asopia)   olin.alis  Guen.     Bastrop 

county,  Texas 
(ialasa  rubidana  Walk.   ( Cordylopeza 

nigrinodis      Zell).        Schenectady, 

X.  Y. 
.Schdennbius  nulincllus  (/(•/;/  r(;;-.  dis- 

I)erscllus    A'-/'.      Rocklcdge,    I'la. 
S.   forficcllus  Tin. lib.    (longirostrellus 

Clem.).     Lewis  cunty.  X.   Y. 
rriiin.iptcryx    acli.i'ina    /ell.     Texas 
Cr.-inibus     gir.irdcllus     (/<•;/;.      Lewis 

county.  X.  ^^ 
('.  Icachellus    Zinek.      Lewis    county, 

X.  Y. 
C.  unistri.-itellus  I'aek.    Lewis  county, 

X.  Y. 
C.  praefedellus  Zinek.   Lewis  county. 

N.  Y. 
C.   lariueatelhis  Clem.   I  l.uiiilton.  Ont. 
C.  agitatellus    Clem.      Lewis    county, 

N.  Y. 


REPORT    OF    THE 


STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


115 


Cranibus  hortucllus  Hiibii.   (topiarius 

ZelL).     Hamilton,  Ont. 
C.  perlellus  S'co/'.  (sericinellus  Zc//.)- 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
C.  elegans  Clem.     Catskill,  N.  Y. 
C.  myelins  Hiibii.   (interruptus  Grt.). 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
C.  vulgivagcllus  Clem.  Albany,  N.  Y. 
C.  ruricollelus  Zell.     Hamilton,  Ont. 
C.   mutabilis     Clem,      (fuscicostellus 

Zell).     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
C.  trisectus        Walk.        (exsciccatus 

Zell.).    Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
Argyria  nivalis  Dm.     Tiffin,  O. 
A.  argentana  Mart.  (Catharylla  num- 

mulalis  Hiibn.).     Sharon,   N.   Y. 
Chilo  densellus  Zell.     Rockledge,  Fla. 
Benta  (Tctralopha)  asperatel!a  Clem. 

Hamilton,   Ont. 
Tetralopha     militclla     Zell.      Locust 

Grove,  N.  Y. 
Acrobasis       (Phycis)       rubrifasciclla 

Pack.     New  Hampshire 


Dioryctria    (Nephopteryx)    auranlia- 

cella  Grt.     New  Mexico 
Pinipestis  zimmermanni  Grt.     Centre, 

N.  Y. 
Nephopteryx  ovalis  Pack.     New  York 
Salcbria  contatella  Grt.  Lewis  county, 

N.  Y. 
Laodamia     (Salebria)     fusca     Hazv. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
Epischnia  boisduvaliclla  Giieii.    (far- 

ella  Curt.).    Jamaica 
Melitara    (Megaphycis)    dentata  Grt. 

Colorado 
Honora  mcllinelhi  Grt.  Lewis  county, 

N.  Y. 
Ilomocosoma  stypicclluni  Grt.     Sara- 

nac  Lake,  N.  Y. 
Plodia        (Ephestia)       interpunctclla 

Hiibn.     Hamilton,  Ont. 
Peoria    approximella    Walk.    (Amer- 

astia     haematica     Zell.).     Albany, 

N.  Y. 


Pterophoridae 


Platyptilia  marginidactyla  Fitch  (bis- 
choffii  Zell.).     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 

Pterophorus  elliottii  Fern.  (Crcti- 
dactylus  sf.).    New  York 


P.  crctidactylus  Fitch.   (Crelidactylus 
sp.).     New  York 


Tortricidae 

Exartcma    (Eccopsis)    perniundanum 

Clem.     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
E.   (Eccopsis)     exoletuni    Zell.      Al- 
bany, N.  Y. 
E.  inornatanum  Clem.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
Olethreutes      (Penthina)     nimbatana 

Clem.     Centre,  N.  Y. 
O.  (Penthina)        hcmidcsma       ZcU. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
O.   (Sericoris)        coruscana        Clem. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
O.   (Sericoris)      constellatana      Zell. 

Albany,  N.  Y. 
O.   (Sericoris)        instrutana       Clem. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 


O.    (Sericoris)       campestrana      Zell. 

New  Berlin,  N.  Y. 
O.   (Sericoris)       bipartitana       Clem. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
Exentera  apriliana  Grt.  Centre,  N.  Y. 
Proteopteryx  cressoniana  Clem.     Al- 
bany, N.  Y. 
Ancylis  (Phoxopteris)  mcdiofasciana 

Clem.     New  York 
A.    (Phoxopteris)    nubeculana   Clem. 

Orono,  Me. 
A.  (Phoxopteris)  spiraeifo'iana  C/^m. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
A.   (Phoxopteris)     platanana     Clem. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 


ii6 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Ecdytoloplia  iiisiticiana  Zcll.     Locust 

Grove,  N.  Y. 
Carpocapsa  pomonclla  Li}iii.     Centre, 

N.  Y. 
Cydia  (Carpocapsa)  saltitans  IVcsizi.'. 

Mexico 
Aclcris      (Tcras)     subnivana     Walk. 

Hamilton,  Ont. 
A.   (Teras)   nigrolinea  Rob.     Hamil- 
ton, Ont. 
Epagoge  (Dichelia)  sulfureana  Clem. 

Hamilton,  Ont. 
Ccnopis     reticulatana     Clem.      Lewis 

county,  N.  Y. 
C.  pcttitana  Rob.     Hamilton,  Out. 
Coclostathama  (Amphisa)  discopuiic- 

tana  Clem.     Albany,  N.  Y. 
Sparganothis    (Oenectra)    xanthoidvs 

Walk.    Hamilton,  Ont. 
S.   (Oenectra)         violaccana        Rod. 

Centre,  N.  Y. 
.•\rchips   (Cacoecia)    rosaceana  Harr. 

Albany,  N.  Y. 
A.   (Cacoecia)        purpurana       Clem. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
A.   (Cacoecia)        infumatana       Zcll. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
A.   (Cacoecia)  rosana  Linn.     Albany, 

N.  Y. 


A.   (Cacoecia)      cerasivorana     fitch. 

Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
A.   (Cacoecia)  rileyana  Grt.    Douglas 

county,  Kan. 
A.   (Cacoecia)       argyrospila       Ji'alk. 

Albany,  N.  Y. 
A.   (Cacoecia)      fractivittana      Clem. 

Hamilton,  Ont. 
A.   (Loxotoenia)    clemcnsiana    I-cdi. 

Albany,  N.  Y. 
A.    (Ptycholoma)   molalcucaiia  Walk. 

Orono,  ]\le. 
Pandemis    lamprosana    Rob.     Centre, 

N.  Y. 
Tfirtrix    pallorana     Rob.      Hamilton, 

Ont. 
I  .  (luercifuliana      I-'itcli.       Hamilton, 

Ont. 
r.  albiconiana  Clem.     Hamilton,  Ont. 
r.   fumifcrana  Clem.      Lewis  county, 

X.  Y. 
ludia     (Lopboderus)     quadrifasciana 

I-eni.     Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 
P..   (Tortrix)  alisellana /'^ot.     Hamil- 
ton, Ont. 
Amnrbia   Inimerosana  i'lcm.     Centre, 

X.  Y. 
Plialonia    (Concbylis)   buntcana   h'ob. 

Nebraska 


Y))()ni>mcula      nuiltii)uni 
JJouglas  county,  Kan. 


Yponomeutidae 

Clem.    I    .\tt(.va     anna     /•■//(//      (  Porciluijti 
c()mi)la   Clem.).     (leorgia 


Gelechiidae 
Gelcchia  sl^.    Lewis  county,  N.  Y. 


Oecophoridae 


Dcprcssaria  atrodorsella  Clem.  Ham- 

ilt(  n,  Ont. 
I),  pulvipenclla  Clem.     Lewis  ccunly, 

N.  Y. 
D.  femaidclla  Wals.     Albany,  N.  Y. 


1).  Iccondlla    Clem.      Locust    Grove, 

.X.  Y. 
I),  bnailiana    /'.(/.      Locust    Grove, 

N.  Y. 


REPORT   OF   THE    STAIE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


117 


Tineidae 


Adcla  ridingsclla  CIcin.  (Crj'ptolcclii.i 
schlaegeri  ZclL).  Adirondack  nits, 
N.  Y. 

Acrolophus  (Anaphora)  pluini- 
frontcllns  Clem.     Mt  Kisco,  N.  Y. 


A.  sp.    (Acrolopha  sp.).     Rrckk'ds4c, 

Fla. 
Anaphora  popcanclla  Clciii.  (scardiiia 

Zcll.).     Mt  Kisco,  N.  Y. 


Hopialus  gracilis  (7/'/.  (furcatus  Gr/.) 

Adirondack  mts,  N.  Y. 
H.  humuli  Liiiii.     Europe 


Hepialidae 

n.  sylvina  Linn.     Europe 
H.  lupulina  Linn.     Europe 
H.  hecta  Linn.     Europe 


Appeocli:x:    B 

A    CATALOGUE    OF    THE    -  ITlYTurTlD  "    GALLS    OF 
NORTH  AMERICA 

BY 

GEORGE  ir.   rir.\n\viCK,  zoologist 

Since  Dr  Hagen  published  his  Hst  in  1885  [The  Collection  of 
Phytoptocecidia,  or  Mite  Galls,  in  the  Cambridge  Museum.  Can. 
Ent.  17:21],  no  general  check  list  of  our  mite  galls  has  been  issued. 
Cook  in  1904  [Ind.  Dcp't  Gcol.  29th  An.  Rep't,  p.  801]  published 
on  the  galls  of  Indiana,  and  Jarvis  has  recently  [Ent.  Soc.  Ont. 
37th  &  38th  An.  Rep't,  p.  5^)  and  92  respectively]  listed  the  Canadian 
forms,  while  Carman  in  1892  [American  IMiytoptocecidii.  Psyche, 
6:241]  described  those  known  to  him.  Carman's  careful  paper 
of  1883  [111.  State  Ent.  12th  Rep't,  p.  123],  moreover,  was  not 
seen  by  Hagen,  and  all  of  these  j^aners  with  other  scattering  articles 
contain  additions  to  Hagen's  list.  Besides  these,  about  20  unmen- 
tioned  forms  are  known  to  the  writer,  bringing  the  total  number  of 
American  forms  up  to  more  than  double  what  Hagen  recorded.  It 
has  seemed  worth  while,  in  view  of  the  interest  which  must  soon 
center  in  this  rather  neglected  family  of  mites,  to  put  this  list  in 
print  as  a  guide  and  check  for  future  work,  though  in  so  doing 
its  imperfections  and  temporary  character  arc  painfully  evident. 
Difficulty  has  been  met  in  correlating-  various  writers,  as  descrip- 
tions from  dry  or  preserved  and  t'roni  fresh  specimens  often  difTer 
greatly.  In  a  few  cases  recent  writers  appear  to  have  misapplied 
the  names  or  descriptions  of  earlier  authors,  thus  introducing  con- 
fusion. 

The  present  list  is  arranged  al])habetically  by  host  plants,  using 
Pritton  and  Rrown's  nomenclature.  For  convenience  certain  com- 
mon types  of  leaf-galls  will  be  referred  to  as  follows: 

Type       I J^>^mw     Erineum 

"         II """^^^^i^imi^;^ Dimple 

11  r =<^^>= Capsule 

"       IV Zt— ^ Pockef|  (Cephalon 


Pouch  j  of  Hagen) 


118' 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  II9 

The  forms  of  tlie  first  (and  second)  type,  consisting  of  fuzzy, 
velvety  or  frostlike  patches  of  slender,  tangled,  or  capitate  hairs 
(trichomes)  v^ere  formerly  described  as  fungi  and  will  be  found 
listed  in  botanical  papers  such  as  that  of  de  Schweinitz  1834  in  the 
Transactions  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  volume  4,  page 
289  [see  also  Professor  Peck  1869  in  22(1  Annual  Report  of  the  New 
York  State  Museum,  and  Persoon's  Mycologia  Europaea,  1822. 
p.  2].  The  subgenus  Phyllerium  was  employed  by  these  writers 
for  forms  with  simple  trichomes,  while  Erineum  proper  or  Grumaria 
signified  those  with  capitate  or  mushroom-shaped  trichomes,  as 
on  right  hand  side  of  the  figure,  type  i.  Cecidium  is  a  general  term 
for  a  gall-deformation  whether  acarian  or  otherwise. 

Forms  occurring  in  New  York  State  are  indicated  by  an  asterisk 
('■•)  preceding  the  number  in  the  following  catalogue. 

The  writer's  thanks  should  be  here  expressed  to  those  who  have 
given  generous  assistance  and  encourage  iient  i"  *^^c  preparation  of 
this  paper,  as  well  as  of  others  yet  to  be  published.  He  is  under 
special  obligations  to  Prof.  Nathan  Banks  of  the  National  Museum, 
Prof.  P.  J.  Parrott  of  the  Geneva  Experiment  Station,  Dr  E.  P. 
Felt,  State  Entomologist,  Prof.  C.  H.  Peck,  State  Botanist,  Mr 
D.  B.  Young,  Mr  J.  R.  Gillett,  and  Mr  Stewart  H.  Burnham,  be- 
sides others  who  have  aided  with  specimens  or  information. 

Acer   glabrum    (dwarf  maple) 

1  A  purple  erineum  in  large  patches  at  tips  of  the  lobes  and  on 
upper  side  of  the  leaf;  sometimes  sprinkled  over  under  side. 
Trichomes  (hairs)   with  long  stalks. 

Garman  "92,^  no.  5  Col. 

There  are  specimens  in  the  State  Herbarium,  without  locality, 
agreeing  with  this  but  Ijright  crimson  in  color;  they  are  probably 
from  Utah. 

Acer  negundo  (box  elder) 

2  A  white  erineum  or  shallow  dimple  on  under  side  of  leaf,  some- 
times involving  entire  leaves  of  young  or  basal  shoots. 

Garman  '83,  p.  136  (Phytoptus  sp.)  111. 

3  Irregular  wartlike  swellings  on  upper  surface  of  leaf,  green 
to  gray,  lined  below  with  a  green  to  rusty-brown  "  granular  secre- 
tion." 

Jarvis  '07,  p.59,  fifth  sp.  Ont. 

This  may  be  identical  with  the  preceding. 
'  See  Bibliography  at  the  end. 


I20  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Acer   rubrum    i  red    maple) 

*4  A  yellowish  to  deep  brown  erineuni  in  large  patcbcs  on  nnder 
side  of  leaf.     Trichomes  capitate. 

Garman  \j2,  no.  12  Mass. 

Specimens  from  Sand  Lake,  in  the  State  Herbarium,  labeled 
Erineum  luteolum.  and  (  thers  from  the  C'atskill  mountains 
(Prof.  C.  H.  Peck).  N.Y. 

Specimens  from  Lyons  pond  near  Nassau.  N.Y. 

5  Erineum  acerinum  Link  no.  10,  "  freciuens  in  A. 
r  ubr  o  .  " 

Schweinitz  34,  no.  Z/f)/  N.C. 

This  is  placed  in  the  section  Phyllerium,  which  has  simple 
trichomes,  and  so  will  not  agree  with  c'ther  the  preceding  or  follow- 
ing. Persoon,  however,  describes  his  E.  acerinum  (no.  15) 
nnder  the  section  Grumaria,  having  enlarged  or  deformed  trichomes, 
and  as  occurring  on  the  under  side  of  the  leaves  (of  four  European 
maples),  thus  agreeing  in  character  and  position  with  the  pre- 
ceding (no.  4). 

*6  A  whitish  or  brown  erineum  in  elongated  patches  on  the  veins, 
on  upper  side  of  leaf.     Trichomes  capitate. 

Garman  '92,  no.  i  1  N.TT. 

Specimens  from  Sand  Lake  (Professor  Peck)  in  the  State  Her- 
barium, labeled    K  r  i  n  e  u  m    a  e  e  r  i  n  n  m  .  N.^^ 

This  will  hardly  agree  with  l'er>o()irs  description  of  1''..  acer- 
inum ;    see  the  preceding,  and   j'ersom  '22:  no.  15. 

'■"/  A  whitish  frostlike  erineum,  with  small  spots  of  rosN-  pink, 
spreading  broadly  along  tlie  3  or  5  main  veins,  on  the  upper  surface 
of  the  leaf,  sometimes  nearly  eo\ering  it.  Trichomes  capitate. 
(This  may  be  merely  a  variation  of  the  preceding,  our  specimens  of 
which  sometimes  showeil  pinkish  brown  ^jxits. )  Siiecimens  from 
Altamont  in  State  llril)aiiiun  (  1 'ri>l\>,s<ir  I 'eek  ),  laheliil  1'".  r  i  n  e  n  m 
a  c  e  r  i  n  u  m  ?  N.^'. 

A  similar  gall  was  observed  at  an  ele\alioii  i>f  nearly  2000  feet 
on  Jilackhead  mountain  in  the  ("atskills,  last  of  June,  on  Acer 
sp.  (?)  ;  the  s])ecimens  un  forlimately  lost. 

Jarvis's  figure  i,  plate-H,  looks  like  ;i  si);ust'ly  develojx'd  exampU- 
of  this  ;  it  is  hardly  an  A  .   s  a  c  c  h  a  r  n  m    lea  f. 

'■^H  .\  pocki-t  gall,  similar  to  th.at  of  I'",  r  i  o  p  h  y  t' s  (|  n  a  d  r  i  ])  e  s 
and  probabi)-  the  same;  m-c  no.    10   for  di-^ciiption. 

( larman    '<)2,    no.     13        Ky.,    Xew     Lug.,    {'"astern    States 
ll.-igen  "Ss,  nos.  21,  22,  23(?)  ]).('.,  N.IL,  Mass. 


REPORT    OF    TITl-:    STATl-:    ICXTOMOl.OCaST     H)OJ  121 

Garman  suggests  the  identity  of  llagen's  three  forms. 

Specimens  from  Normansville  and  Lyons  pond,  Nassau,  are 
smaller  than  those  of  no.  lo  an  1  protrude  mt)re  below;  possibly 
distinct.  .  N.Y. 

Acer   saccharinum   (dasycarpum)    (soft  or  silver   maple) 
9  A  pale  yellow  to  deep  brown  erineum  on  the  under  side  of 
leaf,  avoiding  veins.     Trichomes  capitate,  matted. 

Garman  '92,  no.  10  111.,  Mass.,  Wis. 

Hagen  '85,  no.  26  (Erineum    1  u  t  e  o  1  u  m)  N.H. 

Garman  suspects  this  may  prove  identical  with  his  no.  7  (our 
no.  14). 

*io  A  nearly  spherical  pocket-gall    (ccphaloneon)    on  the  upper 
side  of  leaf,  varying  from  light  green  through  red  or  purple  to 
nearly  black.    The  mite  is   Eriophyes   quadripes( Shinier) . 
Shinier  1869.     Am.  Ent.  Soc.  Trans.     11:319  HI. 

Garman  '83,  p.  128,  135,  fig.  26,  28  111. 

Hagen  '85,  no.  27  111. 

Lintner  '89.    N.  Y.  State  ■\Ius.    42d  An.  Rep't,  p.303    N.Y. 
Garman  '92,  no.  9  Middle  States,  Wis.,  Ill,  Ky. 

Cook  '04,  p. 860,  first  sp.  Ind. 

Banks  '04.     Treatise  on  Acarina,  p.  106,  fig.   192 
Felt  '07.     Park  &  Woodland  Trees,  11:630  N.Y. 

Jarvis  '07,  p. 59,  first  sp.,  pi.  F,  fig.  i  Ont. 

Parrott   '07.     N.    Y.   Agric.    Exp.    Sta.    Bui.    283,   no.   8 

(Phyllocoptes   quadripes) 
Banks  '07.     Catalogue  of  Acarina,  p.621,   E  r  i  o  p  byes 
quadripes 
Specimens  from  Catskill,  and  recorded  above  from  Suffolk  county 
and  Albany.  N.Y. 

1 1  Cook  reports  Eriophyes  a  c  e  r  i  c  o  1  a  on  this  species ; 
see  our  no.  17  for  description  of  this  pouch-gall. 

Cook  1902;  Ohio  Naturalist.  11:278,  fig.  11 

Cook  '04,  p. 860,  second  sp.  Ind. 

Acer  saccharum    (sugar  maple) 
Acer    s  a  c  c  h  a  r  i  n  u  m    in  1  Fagcn,  Garman,  clc. 
*I2  A   white   or  whitish   erineum   in   i)atches   on   the  under   side 
of  the  leaf,  often  limited  by  the  veins.     Trichomes  capitate.     Some- 


122  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

times  associated  with  no.   i6,  but  then  nsuall_\-  sparse.      (This  may- 
be the  fresh  stage  of  our  no.  14.) 

Jarvis  '07,  p.62,  second  sp.  Ont. 

Specimens   from    the   vicinity   of   Albany    (Mr   Gillett)    and   the 

Indian  Ladder,  Helderberg- mountains  (Mr  Burnham).  X.V. 

13  E  r  i  n  e  u  m    p  1  a  t  a  n  o  i  d  e  u  m    Link  no.  28,  "  in  fohis." 

Schweinitz  '34,  no.  2805  Pa. 

Persoon's  description  of  E  .  p  1  a  t  a  n  o  i  d  e  u  m  ,  given  as  a 
doubtful  synonym  under  his  no.  24,  E.  griseum,  agrees  well 
with  the  preceding,  and  it  seems  likely  that  Schweinitz  had  that 
form  in  hand. 

*I4  A  rusty  or  brown  erineum  on  the  under  side  of  the  leaf 
forming  patche.i  along  veins.    Trichomes  capitate,  sessile. 

Garman  '92,  no.  7  111.,  Ky. 

Mxcept  for  the  described  position  "  along  veins  "  this  appears  to 
be  the  older  stage  of  no.  12,  above.  Specimens  in  the  State  Her- 
barium agreeing  with  the  latter  have  taken  on  the  color  of  this,  some 
nearly  black;  they  are  from  Fort  Edward,  [see  Peck  1869,  22d 
Rep't,  p.ioi,  Erineum  1  u  t  c  o  1  u  m  ] ,  and  Indian  Lake  (Pro- 
fessor Peck)  labeled    Erin  e  u  m    1  u  t  c  o  1  u  m  .  N.Y. 

15  yVn  erineum  on  the  ril)s  rather  elongated. 

llagen  "85,  no.  24  Western  States,  Mass. 

This  should  be  com[)ared  with  our  no.  6. 

*i6  A  crimson  red,  purplish  or  livid  erineum  in  patches  on  the 
upper  side  of  the  leaf,  sometimes  sprinkled  thinly  on  the  under 
side  also.  Trichomes  capitate,  very  short.  Apparenll\'  w  hilisli  when 
young. 

Jarvis  '07,  p.6i,  seventh  s])..  (])1.  I'.,  li,!;.  1  ?)  (  )nt. 

(jarman  '92,  no.  8  Midi.,  N.I  I. 

I  lagen  '85,  no.  25   (  I'",  i- i  n  e  u  111    r  o  ^  i' u  111  I  X.I  I. 

Sciiweinitz  locates  K.  roseum  on  I!  e  I  n  1  a  nigra,  see 
beyond  ;  this  is  likely  to  be  his  K  .  p  u  r  p  u  r  a  s  c  e  n  s  ,  however  ; 
sec  no.  20. 

Specimens  from  the  vieinity  of  A]l)an\-  (Mr  (iilleltl.  Indian 
Ladder,  the  lielderbergs  (Mr  I'.innham)  and  remarkably  line  ones 
frcjm  Spruce  creek  at  2250  feel,  near  Kaaler^kill  f.ilL.  In  the 
State  Herbarium  from  Sand  Lake  and  (  iarrison  (Professor  Peck) 
and  Long  Island  f  j.  S.  .Merriam)  lab. -led  1^  r  i  n  e  u  m  acer- 
i  innn  ,    and    fn.m   ( ireenbush    ((ii'orgi-  Clinton?)    marked  "  prol)- 


Kia'ORT    OF   THE    STATE    KNT()M(  )L()(;iST    I907  I23 

ably    E.    a  c  c  r  i  n  n  ni  " ;    but    see    under    no.    5.      Also    in    the 
Herbarium  from  Kcenc,  Essex  co.  (Professor  Peck).  N.Y. 

The  specimens  from  Garrison,  from  Long  Island  and  part  of 
those  from  the  Indian  Ladder  are  lighter  and  more  violaceous,  the 
others  all  a  bright  crimson.  Perhaps  there  are  really  two  forms ; 
Carman's  description  tits  the  violaceous  specimens. 

*iy  A  green,  reddish  or  purplish,  slender  pouch-gall  or  nail-gall 
(ceratoneon)  projecting  from  the  upper  surface  of  the  leaf.  The 
mite  is   Eriophyes    acericola    ( Garman) . 

Riley  70.     Am.  Ent.  &  Dot.  11:339   (Acarus    accris 

c  r  u  m  e  n  a  ) 
Garman   '83,   p.135    (P  h  y  t  o  p  t  u  s    acericola)       111. 
Garman  '92,  no.  6  111.,  N.PI. 

Cook  '04,  p.86o,  second  sp.  Ind. 

Parrott  '07.     N.Y.  Agric.  Exp.  Sta.  Bui.  283,  no.  7 
Jarvis  '07,  p. 59,  second  sp.  Out. 

Banks  '07.     Catalogue  of  Acarina,   p. 620,    Eriophyes 
aceris-crumena    (Riley) 
Specimens  from  New  Paltz  (Miss  Foster),  Albany  (Mr  Young) 
and  East  Orange  (Miss  Mitchell).  N.Y.,  N.J. 

Acer  spicatum  (mountain  maple) 

18  A  white,  whitish,  or  pale  yellow  erineum  on  the  under  side 
of  the  leaf,  in  patches  often  in  axils  of  veins.  Trichomes  long, 
tangled  and  distorted.  Quite  different  from  other  forms,  unless  it 
be  the  E  .   a  c  e  r  i  n  u  m  of  Schweinitz  (see  no.  5). 

Garman  '92,  no.  4  N.H. 

Jarvis  '07,  p.62,  third  sp.,  pi. I),  fig.  2  Ont. 

]\Ir  Burnham  reports  this  from  the  summit  of  Greylock  mt,  Mass. 

Acer   sp. 

19  A  black  velvety  erineum  in  large  irregular  patches  on  leaf. 
(Probably  the  old  stage  of  some  of  the  preceding). 

Hagen    '85,    no.    29     (Erineum     p  u  r  p  u  r  a  s  c  e  n  s) 

N.H. 

20  Erineum  ]>  u  r  j)  u  r  a  s  c  e  n  s  Link  no.  36,  "  frequcns  in 
Acerinis    foliis." 

Schweinitz  '34,  no.  2808  Pa. 

I  suppose  this  is  our  no.  16,  but  the  description  is  not  accessible 
to  me.    Compare  no.  19. 


124  M-:\V    YORK    STAIK    .MTSKUM 

21  An  crineum  on  maple,  with  capitate  trichonics ;  not   further 
described.     The  mite  is    E  r  i  o  p  h  y  e  s    r  y  d  c  r  i    Banks. 

Ryder  '79.      Am.  Nat.  XIII  704,  tii;-.  {  1'  h  y  t  o  p  t  u  s  s  p.) 
Hagen  '85,  no.  28 

Banks  '07.     Catalogue  of  Acarina,  p/)2[     (K.    ryderi) 
As  Ryder  omits  to  mention  the  color  or  position  of  the  crineum, 
the  kind  of  maple,  or  the  locality,  it  would  seem  that  some  un- 
certainty attends  the  identification  of  his  species.     Professor  Par- 
rott  is  at  present  working  on  these  forms. 

Key   lo    ihc  faniis  of   llriiicitm    <  11    .leer 
.1  On   upper   surface  of   leaf 

a  Red  or  purple,  to  blackish 

1  Mostly  at   tips  of   lol)cs..  .Xo.     i    nn   A.    g  1  a  b  r  u  in 

2  Scattered  between  veins.  .  .  Xo.  16  on  .\  .    s  a  c  c  h  a  r  u  m 

?  No.  19  on  A.  sp. 

?  E  r  i  n  e  u  m    p  u  r  p  u  r  a  s  c  c  n  s  ,  no. 
20 

3  Along  veins   (sec  below,  no.  7) 
b  Wliite  or  yellow,  to  brown 

1  Along  veins,  elcngaled.  .  .Xo.     ()  on  .\  .    r  u  1>  r  u  ni 

Xo.   15   on   .\  .     s  a  c  c  li  a  r  u  m 

2  Spreading  fnnn   veins,  pink  spotted.  ..  Xo.  7  im   A.    r  u  b  r  u  ni 
n  On  under  surface  of  leaf 

(/  Dimpled    Nos.  2  and  3  on  .\  .    n  e  g  u  11  d  o 

b  Planatc 

1  'Iricbunu^  simple,  l(nK...X().    iS  on   A.    s  j)  i  c  a  t  u  m 

?   V.  r  i  n  e  u  m  ;i  e  e  r  i  n  u  m  of 

Scbweinil/  on   A.    rubrum,    no.  5 

2  Tricliomes  capitate 

((i)   Whitish X...    12  on   A.    s  a  c  c  I)  a  r  u  m 

?  V.  r  i  n  e  u  m  p  1  a  t  a  n  o  i  d  e  u  m  , 

nn.    13 
(h)   Yrllowisb  to  l,ro\vn.,Xo.   4   '"i   -^  •     rul)rum 

?   I'',  r  i  n  e  u  m     a  c  e  r  i  n  u  m  ,   no,    5 
Xo.     ()  on  A  .    s  a  c  c  b  a  r  i  n  u  m 
Xcj.   14   on    A  .    s  a  c  c  b  a  r  u  m 
Xo.    ifM  ""   -^  ■    I  e  u  c  o  d  (■  r  ni  e 
F.  r  i  n  e  n  m    1  u  t  c  <>  I  u  m  ,    aucl. 


f'<,ckel-gall  r  F.  r  i  o  p  h  y  e  s   f|  u  a  d  r  i  ])  e  s  )  .  .Xo.  10  on  A  .    s  ;i  c  c  h  a  r  i  - 

n  u  ni 
No.  8  (  n   A  .    r  u  b  r  u  m 
I'l  ueh  gall   (V.  r  i  o  p  h  y  e  s    a  c  e  r  i  c  o  I  a) .  . .  Xo.  17  on  A  .    sac  c  Ii  a  r  u  m 

No.    II   on  A  .    s  a  cc  Ii  ,1  r  i  - 

n  u  m 
No.  164  on  A.  Icucoderinc 


REPORT   OF    TllK    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  I25 

Alnus  alnobetula    (mountain  alder) 

22  J'^  r  i  n  c  u  ni  a  1  n  i  jj;'  c  n  u  ni  Link  no.  i8  "  frequens  in  foliis 
Aliii  undulatae  "  (=viri(lis  or  alnobetula) 

Schweinitz  '34,  no.  2800  Pa. 

Placed  under  section  Phylleriuni,  with  simple  trichomes. 

Alnus  glutinosa  ?   (European  alder) 

23  Eriophyes  brevitarsus  Fockeu,  making  an  erincum 
on  species  of  Alnus,  has  been  recorded  from  North  America  by 
Nalepa,  Das  Tierreich,  Lief.  4,  page  8  (1898)  ;  see  Banks  '07.  As 
that  paper  is  not  accessible  to  me  I  am  unaware  whether  it  was 
found  on  the  introduced  or  a  native  alder,  and  am  indebted  to 
Professor  Banks  for  the  reference. 

Connold  1901  [Brit.  Veg.  Galls,  p. 130,  pi.  49],  describes  the  Euro- 
pean gall,  on  A  .  glutinosa,  as  a  blisterlike  swelling  on  the 
upper  surface  of  the  leaf  often  involving  the  veins  and  midrib, 
smooth  and  glossy  above,  beneath  slightly  pubescent.  He  indicates 
ir;  the  synonymy  E  r  i  n  e  u  m  a  1  n  e  u  m  Persoon  and  P  h  y  1  - 
1  e  r  i  u  m  a  1  n  i  g  e  n  u  m  Kunze  ;  these  appear  from  the  descrip- 
tions to  be  quite  different  from  each  other  [see  the  preceding].  E. 
a  1  n  e  u  m  Persoon  '22  :  no.  21  is  described  (from  A  .  gluti- 
nosa) as  a  Grumaria,  thus  having  the  trichomes  capitate,  which 
distinguishes  it  from  the  following  forms. 

Alnus  incana  (speckled  alder) 
*24  A  wdiite   frostlike  erineum  on  under  side  of  leaf,  in  the 
axils  of  the  veins.     Trichomes  dense,  pellucid. 

Jarvis  '07,  p.63,  first  sp.  Ont. 

Specimens  are  in  the  State  Herbarium  from  Fort  Edward  \see 
Peck  1869,  22d  Rep't,  p.ior ,  Erineum  a  1  n  i  g  e  r  u  m] ,  Catskill 
mountains  and  Albia  (Professor  Peck)  labeled  Erineum 
a  1  n  i  g  e  r  u  m  Kunze,  "  differ."  from  E  .  a  1  n  e  u  m  Pers."  and 
"  near  E.  tortuosa  but  hypophyllous  and  colored."  These 
specimens  are  orange  to  rusty  brown  (dried)  and  in  some  the  gall 
covers  nearly  the  entire  under  surface.  N.Y. 

Very  probably  identical  with  our  no.  22.  E.  alnigenum. 
For  E.  alneum  see  the  preceding.  The  description  of  E. 
tortuosum  is  not  accessible  to  mc  ;  very  likely  it  is  the  fol- 
lowing. 


126  XKW    YORK 


ATli    MUSEUM 


25  Small  reddish  or  whitish  flat  woolen  patehes  (erincum)  on 
the  upper  side  of  the  leaves. 

Hagen  '85,  no.  30    (E  r  i  n  e  u  in   a  1  n  i  y;-  c  r  u  m)  \.l  1. 

Differs  from  the  preceding  in  position,  but  may  be  the  same. 

Persoon  '22,  no.  1 1  describes  an  E  .  a  1  n  i  -  i  n  c  a  n  i  under  the 
section  Phyllerium  that  may  be  one  of  these  forms. 

*26  A  small  red  pubescent  pocket-gall  on  leaf. 

Jarvis  '07,  p.6o,  third  sp.  Ont. 

Specimens  from  Shushan  (F.  Dobbin)  and  Remsen?  (T.  L. 
Nixon),  at  first  green  or  yellowish;  doubtfully  from  Lyons  pond, 
Nassau,  Rensselaer  co.  N.Y. 

This  may  be  compared  with  the  galls  of  1'^  r  i  o  p  h  y  e  s  la  e  v  i  s 
(Nalepa)  on  Alnus  glutinosa  ;  see  Connold  1901,  liritish 
Vegetable  Galls,  p.  140,  pi.  54. 

Alnus  rugosa   (serrulata)     (smooth  abler) 
'^■2y  Small   remote   pocket-galls   on    the    upper   side   of   the   leaf. 
(Perhaps  same  as  preceding). 

Hagen  '85,  no.  31  Western  Stales 

A  form  agreeing  fairly  with  this  description,  but  more  crowded 

and  projecting  on  both  sides  of  haf,  was  collected  between  Albany 

and  Schenectady.  N.Y. 

Hagen's  no.  32,  "  a  hypertrophy  of  the  female  aments  by  a 
fungus,"  from  the  west,  included  in  his  list  because  Baron  Osten- 
Sacken  thought  it  acarideous,  is  I  believe  now  fully  recognized  as 
a  fungus-gall.  This  remarkable  deformation  lias  been  collected  on 
Alnus  in  can  a  at  Lyons  pond,  Nassau,  Rensselaer  county, 
N.Y.     Xo  mites  were  found  in  or  on  th.'  gall. 

Amelanchier  canadensis  (sir\  ice-berry) 

28  A  dim])le  (?)  similar  to  a  Phrygian  cap,  wilh  llu-  li])  rolled 
down,  on  the  upper  side  (»f  the  leal,  rarely  below.  (  )l(ler  stage  (  ?) 
larger,  yellowish,  tip  open  and  woolly. 

TTagen  '85,  no.  33  and    ''.   no.  34  I\Tass. 

Amelanchier  rctundifolia  '   Ground  leavi'd   Iniicberry) 

29  Small,  nearly  i^lobular,  dark  brown  pockel-galls,  averaging  2 
mm  in  diameter,  singly  or  in  clusters  on  tlir  nppt'r  side  of  tlie  leaf; 
beneath  pubescent  and   protuberant. 

Jarvis  '08,  p.92,  second  sp.,  pi. I),  lig.  i  Ont. 

'  Jarvis  erroneously  refers  this  in  A  in  <■  1  ;i  n  <  Ii  i  i-  r  c  ;i  n  .1  d  <■  n  s  i  ^  in  his 
explanation  of  the  plate. 


REPORT    OF    TIIF.    STATE    KNTOiMOLOGIST    I907  I27 

Ampelopsis  (sp?)    (ampelopsis) 
30  A   "nail-gall"    ( pouch-gall j    on   the  leaves   tapering  to  both 
extremities  and  resembling  strongly  our  no.    17. 

Garman  '83,  p. 135   (mention)  f Southern?) 

Garman  speaks  of  this  as  described  by  Professor  Riley,  but  I 
am  unable  to  locate  the  latter's  account.  Possibly  it  is  represented 
by  Banks'  figure  195,  Treatise  on  Acarina,  page  103,  in  which 
case  the  species  is  Ampelopsis  c  o  r  d  a  t  a  ,  the  simple-leaved 
Ampelopsis. 

Amygdalus  persicae  (peach) 
'''31  A    silver    sheen    on    the    leaf,    due    to     Phyllocoptes 
c  o  r  n  u  t  u  s    Banks. 

Banks  1905.     Wash.  Ent.  Soc.  Proc.  VII:i4i  N.J. 

Parrott  '07.     N.Y.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.  Bui.  283,  no.  15 
Professor  Parrott  reports  this  from  Shortsville.  N.Y. 

Anemone  virginiana  ?  (tall  anemone) 
*32?  A  golden  brown  erineum  on  the  under  (?)  side  of  the 
leaf,  observed  at  an  elevation  of  2700  feet  on  Blackhead  mountain 
in  the  Catskills,  last  of  June.  As  the  description  and  identification 
are  from  memory,  the  specimen  being  lost,  this  must  be  regarded 
as  a  doubtful  form.  N.Y. 

Aristolcchia   macrophylla    (sipho)    (Dutchman's   pipe) 
33?  A  small  woolen  capsule   (?)   on  the  under  side  of  the  leaf, 
with  a  small  rounded  woolly  opening  above.     Not  certainly  Acarian. 
Hagen  '85,  no.  35  Mass. 

Aronia  nigra  (black  chokeberry) 
(  P  y  r  u  s     m  e  1  a  n  o  c  a  r  p  a  ) 

34  Tiny  specklike  capsule  galls  on  the  leaves,  brown  when  mature, 
lesembling  no.  59  on  Crataegus. 

Jarvis  '08,  p.94,  first  sp.  Ont. 

Apparently  the  first  form  reported  on  this  host. 

Artemisia  sp.   (wormwood) 

35  A  bud  deformation  of  black  globes  of  densely  crowded  fila- 
ments. 

Hagen  '85,  no.  36  New  Eng. 


128  XKW    YORK    STATK    ^lUSEU^[ 

Betula   lenta    (carpinifolia)    (sweet   birch) 
"^'^6  A    crimson    red    erineum,    turning    to    ochreous,    in    straight 
beady  Hnes,  midway  between  the  ribs  or  closely  bordering  the  ribs, 
or  both,  on  upper  side  of  leaf.    Trichomes  capitate. 

Schweinitz  '34,  no.  2809  (Erineum    1  i  n  e  o  1  a  )        Pa. 
Specimens  in  the  State  llerbarinm  from  the  Helderbergs  (Pro- 
fessor  Peck)    labeled     E  .    1  i  n  e  o  1  u  ni .     There  seems   to  be  no 
doubt  of  the  identification  ;  de  Schweinitz's  description  is  full  and 
precise.    Also  from  Gravel  pond,  lira f ton,  Rensselaer  co.  N.Y. 

37  A  rosy  pink  erineum  in  large  patches  on  the  upper  side  of 
the  leaf. 

Garman  '92,  no.  17  X.ll. 

Jarvis  '07,  p.63,  fifth  sp.  Ont. 

Possibly  a  spreading  form  of  the  preceding. 

Betula  lutea   (yellow  birch) 

38  A  bud  deformation,  crowded  aud  irregular,  often  in  bunches 
of  large  size. 

Hagen  '85,  no.  37  Mass. 

Jarvis  '07,  p. 59,  seventh  sp.,  pi. A,  fig.  6  Ont. 

Betula   nigra    (red   birch) 

39  Erineum    betulinum    Link  no.  26. 

Schweinitz  '34,  no.  2804  Pa. 

Placed  under  r>ineum  proper,  with  capilale  trichomes,  and  simi- 
larly under  Grumaria  by  Persoon  '22:  no.  17,  who  describes  it  as 
"  effusum  planiusculuni  primo  subgrnmosum  all)idum.  inirpureum 
et  roseum,  dein  nd)iginosum  <il)sc-urum.  C'resc.  in  utra(|ue  jiagina 
fol.  Betulae  albae,  sed  magi>  in  supiTinre.  praoertim  si  colore  est 
rubro.  line  pertinent  ul  v;irietates  1"..  betulinum  roseum  el  pur- 
pureum  auctorum." 

40  Erineum    roseum    Link  m*.  j^,  "  frt'(|uens." 

Schweinitz  '34,  no.  2803  Pa..  Car. 

Persoon  considered  this  a  cob  r  \arirty  of  the  ])rereding.  as  will 
be  seen  from  the  above  ([uoialiMn.  Locw  ,  \  erli.  der  k.  k.  zool.-bot. 
Gcs.  in  Wien  1XH5:  455,  ^(>i  describes  \\  .  roseum  Schultz  .as 
forming  small  irregular,  mostly  elongated,  crummy  patches  of  a 
blood-red  color  upon  the  upper  surface  of  the  haves  (of  W  .  a  1  ba  , 
h  u  m  i  1  i  s    and    p  u  b  c  s  c  c  n  s)  ;  in  the  early  summer  carmine  rt'd. 


REroRT  OF  Tin-:  staik  KXToMcji.ocisr   1907  129 

41  A  pocket  ( ?)  gall,  chiefly  on  the  upper  side  of  the  leaf,  often 
confluent. 

Wnhh  '64,  p.608,  and  '67,  p.256  III? 

(Hagen  '85,  p.29). 

Betula  papyrifera   (paper  birch) 

42  A  yellowish  white  to  brownish  erineuni  forming  large  patches 
between  the  ribs  on  the  under  side  of  the  leaf.  Trichomes  capitate, 
rather  long. 

Garman  '92,  no.  14  N.H. 

Jarvis  '07,  p.62,  fifth  sp.  Ont. 

*43  A  nodular  pocket-gall,  occurring  upon  both  faces  of  the  leaf; 
yellowish  or  reddish  to  purplish  ;  those  on  the  under  surface  finely 
pubescent.     With  preceding. 

Garman  '92,  no.  15  N.H. 

Jarvis  '07,  p. 60,  fourth  sp.  Ont. 

Specimens    from    North    mountain,    near   the    Catskill   Mountain 

House.  N.Y. 

Betula  populifolia  (American  white  birch) 

*44  A  bright  rusty  erineum  lining  dimples  on  the  under  side  of 

the  leaf;  dark  brown  or  brick-red  when  dry.     Trichomes  capitate. 

Peck  '69,  p. 1 01   (Erineum    aureum    Pers.)  N.Y. 

German  '92,  no.  16,  fig.  4  N.H. 

Professor   Peck's   specimens   from   Pert   Edward,   as   above,   are 

in  the  State  Herbarium,  also  others   from  Nassau   (Peck)   labeled 

E  .     b  e  t  u  1  i  n  u  m     Reb. ;    see   our   no.    39.       E  .   a  u  r  e  u  m    was 

described  from    P  o  p  u  1  u  s    nigra  and  P.    fastigiata,(  Per- 

soon  '22:  no.  23),  and  appears  quite  another  thing. 

Betula  pumila  (low  birch) 

45  A  transparently  white,  granular  erineum  on  the  surface  of 
the  leaves, 

Jarvis  '07,  p.63,  fourth  sp.  Ont. 

Betula    sp. 

46  Erineum  s  e  m  y  d  o  p  h  i  1  u  m  Link  no.  11,  "in  foliis 
betulinis  Horti." 

Schweinitz  '34,  no.  2798  P^- 

Placed   under   section   Phyllerium   with   simple  trichomes.  which 
distinguishes  it  from  any  of  the  preceding  forms  on  birch.     Appar- 
ently not  in  Persoon, 
5 


130  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Castanea  sativa    (European  chestnut) 
47  A  small  capsule  gall  on  the  leaf,  more  or  less  spherical,  but 
hemispherical  when  along  side  of  a  vein,  diameter  2  to  3  mm;  at 
first  green,  becoming  brown. 

Jarvis  '08,  p.93,  second  sp.  Ont. 

Said  to  be  common,  but  apparently  never  before  recorded  in 
America. 

Celtis  occidentalis    (hackberry) 
*48  A  witch-broom  gall  on  branches  and  twigs,  produced  by  an 
Eriophyes  associated  with  the   fungus   Sphaerotheca. 

Cook  '04,  p.862,  fig.  52  Ind. 

Kellerman  and  Swingle  '88.     Jour,  of  Mycology,  1\'  ■.[)4 

Kan. 
Reported  (photograph)    from  Brooklyn  (J.  J.  Levison) 

N.Y. 
Cephalanthus  occidentalis  (butlonbush) 

49  Clusters  of  small  protuberances  (dimples?)  on  the  upper  side 
of  the  leaf,  i  to  3  mm  high,  paler  or  reddish;  beneath  with  a  white 
pubescence.     The  mite  is  E  r  i  o  p  h  y  e  s   c  e  p  h  a  1  a  n  t  h  i   Cook. 

Jarvis  '08,  p.92  (Eriophyes  cephalanthi)       Ont. 

This  seems  quite  ditTerent  from  the  following.     Professor  Jarvis 

(in    litt.)    informs    me   that   he    has    found    this    mite,   originally 

described  by  Cook  from  Cuba,  in  nearly  every  state  from  Ontario 

to  Louisiana. 

50  A  pocket-gall  like  that  on  S  a  1  i  x  nig  r  a  ,  see  our  no.  134. 
I'sually  very  abundant  on  leaves. 

Walsh  1864.  Ent.  .Soc.  IMiila.  I'n.c.  Ill  1608  and  1867. 
idem  VI:286  lib? 

(TTagcn  '85,  p.29) 

Citrus  aurantium    C orange) 

51  liniwnish  rust  spf)ts  on  the  riml,  and  curled  leaves  lacking 
gloss,  due  to    Phyllocoptes    oleivorus    (Ashmead) 

Ashmcad  i87(^  (an.  I-.nt.  Xl:if)0  (T  y  p  h  1  o  d  r  o  m  u  s 
o  i  1  i  i  o  o  r  u  sj  Ma. 

Carman  '83,  J).  I  24  (riiytoplus   oleivorus) 

(Hagen  '85,  p. 22) 

Banks  '04.  Treatise  on  .\cariiia,  p. 105  ( 1'",  r  i  o  ])  h  y  e  s 
oleivorus)  Fla.,  Cal. 

Parrott  '07.     N.  Y.  Agric.  Exp.  Sta.  r>ul.  283,  no.  18 

Banks  '07.  Catalogue  of  Acarina,  p.621,  Phyllo- 
coptes  oleivorus 


RF.rORT    OF   THE    STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  I3I 

Citrus  medica  limon   (lemon) 

52  WhitcncMl  or  silvery  spots  on  the  rind,  and  curled  leaves, 
caused  b}-  same  mite  as  the  preceding. 

See  no.  51   for  references. 

Clematis  sp.    (virgin's  bower) 

53  Small,  short  whitish  tubes,  open  at  end,  in  crowded  patches 
on  leaves,  bud  stalks  and  buds. 

Hagen  '85,  no.  40  Wash. 

Cornus  canadensis  (bunchberry) 

54  An  erineum  in  small  blackish  spots  on  upper  side  of  leaf. 

liagen  '85,  no.  41  N.H. 

Corylus   americana    (hazelnut) 

*55  A  bud  deformation,  checking  further  development  as  soon  as 
it  has  begun  to  expand.  The  mite  is  Eriophyes  avellanae 
(Nalepa)    [src  Connold  '01,  Brit.  Veg.  Galls,  p.126,  pi.  47]. 

Specimens  from  Nassau  (Dr  Felt)  and  Albany,  (Mr  Young)  N.Y. 

I  am  indebted  to  Professor  Parrott  for  the  identification  of  this 
interesting  addition  to  our  fauna  first  brought  in  by  Dr  Felt. 

Crataegus  coccinea   (red  haw) 
56  "  Spinulose  blackish  galls  on  the  upper  side  of  the  leaf." 

Hagen  '85,  no.  44  Mass. 

Crataegus   crus-galli     (cockspur  thorn) 
*Cfj  Leaf   curls. 

Hagen    '85,    no.    43     ( A  c  a  r  u  s    c  r  a  t  a  e  g  i    v  e  r  m  i  - 

cuius)  111- 

(Walsh  '67,  Ent.   Soc.  Phila.  Proc.  \T  1227,    Crataegi 

V  e  r  m  i  c  u  1  u  s) 

Doubtfully  from  Nassau,  Rensselaer  co.  N.Y. 

Crataegus  punctata  (large-fruited  hawthorn) 
58  E  r  i  n  e  u  m    p  y  r  a  c  a  n  t  h  a  e   Link  no.  34,  "  in  foliis." 

Schweinitz  '34,  no.  2807  Pa. 

Described  by  Persoon  '22.  no.  18  from  C  o  t  o  n  e  a  s  t  e  r  p  y  r  a  - 
c  a  n  t  h  a  and  placed  by  both  in  the  section  with  capitate  trichomes. 
Color  reddish. 


13-  NH\N'    VOkK    STATE    .MUSKLM- 

59  A  capsule-gall,  very  small,  green  to  brown,  and  abundant  on 
the  leaves. 

Jarvis  '07,  i).6i,  sixth  sj).  { )nt. 

Resembles  the  galls  of  E  r  i  o  p  h  y  e  s   c  r  a  t  a  e  g  i  [ConnoUl  '01 , 

Brit.  \'eg.  Galls,  p.  132,  pi. 50],  on  C  rata  e  g  u  s   o  x  y  a  c  a  n  I  h  a  . 

Crataegus   tornentosa  ( i)cartliorn) 

60  Leaf  curls,  same  as  our  no.  57. 

Hagen  '85,   no.  42    (A  earns    crataegi    ver  mi  cu- 
ius) 111. 
( Walsh  '67,  p. 227,    Crataegi    ver  ni  i  c  u  1  u  s ) 

Crataegus  sp. 

61  I^ng  serpentine  leaf-folds  disix)sed  radiallw  convex  on  Ujiper 
surface,  green  and  red. 

Jarvis  '07,  p.'')0,  second  s]).,  pi.  A,  fig.  3  C^nt. 

Perhaps  the  same  as  the  preceding. 

Dasystoma  fiava  (downy  false  foxglove) 
(C.  crardia     f  1  a  v  a) 

62  "  Deformation  of  the  leaf."" 

Hagen  '85,  no.  49  Mass. 

Diospyros  virginiana  (persimmon) 

63  An  erinenm  in  numerous  small  ])atches  on  the  upper  side  of 
the  leaf. 

iragen  '85,  no.  45  D.C. 

Euphorbia  corollata    1  dowering  spurge) 

64  :\  deformation  of  the  leaves  and  llower  buds. 

(■of)k  1904.  (  )hio  Xaturalist,  I\':ii5,  fig.  70  •/2.  ind.? 

Fagus  americana  (ferruginea)    (Anuiican  beech) 
*^^5   -^   golden   ruslv   to   dark   brown   erinenm   on    llie   under   side 
of   the    leaf    between    the    veins.      Trichomes    capitate.      Dry    speci- 
mens are  deep  chocolate  to  black. 

I'eck   ■()().]). 101    (  !■".  r  i  n  e  u  m     f  agin  en  m)  N.Y. 

Ilagen     '85.     no.     47     (  I-",  r  i  n  e  n  m     ferrugineum) 

N.II. 
( iarman  '(;2,  no.  20  Ky..  Mich.,  INTass. 

?'rrotler  "03,  ]k(>(k  n<..  13.  fig.  ().      |  .Vcc  our  no.   1^)4^/'] 


ri:p()RT  of  Till-:  staik  kntomolocist   kjo/  133 

Specimens  in  the  State  llerbarinm  from  I''ort  I^dward  (Professor 
Peck)  as  above.  Catskill  mountains  (Peck)  ■"club  broader  and 
more  abrupt,"  and  b>lt  House,  Lewis  co.  (Peck)  hibeled  E. 
f  a  g  i  n  e  u  m. 

Collected  at  Xormansville  (Mr  Gillett),  Gravel  pond  near 
Grafton,  and  Catskill.  X.Y. 

Hagen's  "  E  .  f  e  r  r  u  g  i  n  e  u  m  "  is  evidently  a  slip  by  con- 
fusion with  the  old  specific  name  of  the  host. 

65^   E  r  i  n  e  u  m    f  a  g  i  n  e  u  m    Link   no.   32. 

Schweinitz  '34,  no.  2806  X.C,  Pa. 

Placed  by  de  Schweinitz  (and  by  Persoon  '22:  no.  16)  in  the 
section  with  capitate  trichomes.  Described  by  Persoon  from 
Fag  us  sylvatica;  his  description  seems  niore  ai)plicable  t:) 
the  following  than  the  preceding  as  he  says :  "  in  foliis  .  .  . 
magis  versus  marginem  superiorem.  Ab  initio  album."  Loew, 
however,  (Vienna  1885)  describes  it  as  "  ausnahmslos  auf  der 
unteren  seite  der  Blatter,"  (of  F.  sylvatica).  I  do  not  know 
which  form  de  Schweinitz  had  before  him;  he  does  not  name  the 
host,  but  the  latter  is  assumedly  our  native  species. 

*66  A  whitish  or  golden  yellow  to  brown  erineum  on  the  upper 
side  of  the  leaf  between  or  following  the  veins.  Trichomes  capi- 
tate.    Perhaps  a  form  of  no.  65. 

Garman  '92,  no.  19,  fig.  5  N.H..  Mich. 

Specimens  from  Blackhead  mountain  at  1850  feet  in  the  Cats- 
kills,  from  Catskill,  and  near  Grafton.  X.Y. 

This  may  be  compared  with  the  E  r  i  n  e  a  ..1  n  c  r  v  i  s  e  q  u  u  m 
of  Persoon  '22,  no.  22,  Loew^  '85,  p.456,  occurring  on  the  European 
species  of  beech. 


Fagus  sylvatica  (European  beech) 
67  A  frosty,  white  erineum  in  large  patches  on  the  under  side  of 
the  leaf.     Trichomes  spherically  capitate. 

Jarvis  '07,  p.62,  fourth  sp..  pl.l),  fig.  4  (  )nt. 

This  agrees  closely  with  Loew's  description  of  E  r  i  n  e  u  m 
fagineum  [Verhandlung  der  k.k.  zool.-bot.  Gesellschaft  in 
Wien,  1885,  p.456]  ;  see  under  no.  65^.  Probably  identical  with 
our  no.  65,  and  possibly  Jarvis  cited  the  exotic  beech  by  an  over- 
sight, as  he  says  it  is  "  very  common." 


134  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Fraxinus  americana  (white  ash) 
68  Elongated  capsules  or  vein-galls  on  the  leaves,  pinkish  above, 
whitish    below,    on    one    side    of    the    vein.     Opening    underneath, 
pubescent  within.     Mites  very  abundant. 

Jarvis  '07,  p.6i,  first  sp.,  pi.  A,  fig.  i  Ont. 

*69  Typical  capsule-galls,  small,  irregularly  circular  and  light 
green  in  color,  on  the  leaf,  the  aperture  below. 

Garman  '83,- p.137   (Phytoptus    sp.)  111. 

Cook  '04,  p.862  (mention)  Ind. 

Jarvis  '07,  p.62  (E  r  i  o  p  h  y  e  s    f  r  a  x  i  n  i)  Ont. 

Jarvis  refers  this  to  Carman's  Phytoptus  f  r  a  x  i  n  i  ,  but 
Garman  describes  the  mite  as  very  diflfercnt  and  distinctly  sepa- 
rates the  two.  Jarvis  says:  '"upon  white  ash  glabrt)us/'  ("lannan  : 
"a  slight  clothing  of  white  hairs."     See  no.  71. 

Specimens  from  New  York  city  (Mr  L.  II.  Joutel)  and  Pough- 
keepsie  (Mr  Nixon).  N.Y. 

*70  A  deformation  of  the  terminal  buds,  their  development 
arrested,  producing  a  mass  of  small  twisted  leaf  ends. 

Garman  '83,  p.137  (niention)  111. 

Felt    1907,    Park    c\:    Woodland    Trees    11:633     (Erio- 

phyes    f  r  a  x  i  n  i  f  1  o  r  a)  N.Y. 

Specimens  from  Albany;  recorded  also  from  Brooklyn.         N.Y. 

This     resembles     a     fungoid     grouih,     like     that     on     A  1  n  u  s 

rugosa,   but    Dr    I'elt    assures    nic    that   he   has    seen    the    mite. 

He  considers  that  it  is  the  staminate  flowers  which   are  affected, 

hence  his  name  for  the  species. 

Fraxinus  lanceolata  (viridis)   (guc-n  ash) 
71   A    small,    light    green    capsule-gall    on    the    leaf,    sometimes 
irregidar    or    confluent.      Opening   beneath,    pubescent.      The    mite 
is   E  r  i  o  p  h  y  e  s    f  r  a  x  i  n  i    ( ( iarniaii ) . 

Garman    '<S3,    p. I3'>,    lig.    -7    O'hytoptus    fraxini) 

111. 
Cook  '04,  p.862  Ind. 

Parrott  '07,  N.N'.  .Agric.   h'.xp.  Sta.   I'.ul    _'S3,  no.   16 

Fraxinus   pennsylvanica    (pubescens)    ( rrd    ash) 
"J 2.  C  apsule-galls  similar  tn  mm.  (m;;  hairy. 

Jarvis   '07.   p.6_>    (  I'",  r  i  o  p  h  y  c  s     f  r  a  x  i  n  i  )  (  )nt. 

This,  also,  is  pn^bably  wrongly  referred  by  Jarvis;  see  remarks 
under  our  no.  69. 


RKPORT    OF    THE    STATK    liNTO.MCJLOtaS T    I907  1 35 

Fraxinus   sp. 

y^  Densely  crowcknl  ixtcket-galls  covering;  upper  surface  of  the 


leaf. 


Hagen  '85,  no.  48  Mass. 


Hicoria  alba    (whiteheart   hickory) 
( C  a  r  y  a     t  o  m  c  n  t  o  s  a ) 

74  "  Deformation  and  folds  on  the  leaf." 

Hagen'  85,  no.  39  U.S. 

(Walsh  '67,  Ent.  Soc.  Phila.  Proc.  VI 1286?) 
I  do  not  know  whether  this  is  intended  to  be  the  same  as  Hagen's 
no.  38;  the  latter  is  a  Phylloxera  (Aphid)  gall,  not  a  mite. 

Juglans  cinerea   (butternut) 

75  A  brown  velvety  erineum  surrounding  the  leaf  stalks,  or  on 
the  main  veins,  causing  a  swelling  and  bending  of  the  stalk  or  vein. 

Schweinitz  '34,  no.  2810,  E  r  i  n  e  u  m  a  n  o  m  alum     Pa. 

Hagen,    '85,    no.     50     (Erineum    anomalum    and 

J  u  g  1  a  n  d  i  s    c  a  u  1  i  s)  U.S. 

This  remarkable   form  is   described   at  length  by  de   Schweinitz 

from  both  J.    cinerea  and  J.    nigra.      See  no.  yj. 

76  A  button  shaped  pocket-gall  on  the  upper  side  (usually)  of 
the  leaf,  green  or  lighter  colored,  beneath  widely  open  and  lined 
with  whitish  or  brownish  simple  trichomes. 

Garman  '92,  no.  18  Ky. 

Juglans  nigra    (black   walnut) 
''77  The  same  as  no.  75 

Schweinitz.   '34,     no.     2810,     Erineum     anomalum 

Pa. 

Walsh  "67,  iMit.  Soc.  Phila.  Proc.  VI 1227   (J  u  gland  is 

caul  is)  111.? 

Cook    '03,    Ohio    Naturalist    111:424,    fig.    47,    48'  (E. 

a  n  o  m  a  1  u  m ) 
Cook  '04,  p.859,  fig.  50  ( A  c  a  r  u  s    c  a  u  1  i  s)  Ind. 

Banks   '07,   p.620    (Eriophyes   c  a  u  1  i  s) 
Jarvis  '08,  p.93,  fifth  sp.,  pi.  D,  fig.  2  Ont. 

As  the  mite  has  never  been  described,  the  names  applieil  to  it 
have  no  standing.    It  is  long  and  cylindrical. 

Specimens  from  Irving,  Chautauqua  co.  N.Y. 


13'''  M-W    YORK    STATIC    MlSlir.M 

78  An  eriucuni  and  hlisicr  on  the  leaf,  referred  lu  the  work  of 
E  r  i  o  p  h  y  c  s    t  r  i  s  t  r  i  a  t  u  s    (  Xalepa) . 

Banks  '04.  loC)  (and  /'/;  litf.)  Cal. 

Tliis  is  the  I-^  r  i  n  e  n  m  j  u  j^- 1  a  n  d  i  n  u  ni  of  I'ersoon  '22, 
no.  2,  deseriljed  frt)ni  j  u  j^'  1  a  n  s  re  i;-  i  a  ;  trichomes  simple 
\scc  also  Connold  '01.  Urit.  \"eg-.  dalls.  p. 172.  i)l.  70,  p. 182,  pi  75]. 

■   79  A  green  warty  ])ocket-g-all  on  either  side  of  leaf,  but  ehiefly 
the  upper,  2  to  5  mm  high.     Resembles  our  no.  146 

Jarvis  '08,  p.93,  fourth  sp.  Ont. 

Apparently  the  same  as  our  no.  76  on  J  .    c  i  n  e  r  e  a  . 

"  Leguminous  plant,  sp.?  " 

80  ".  \'ery  small  Ijlack  sj)ots  "  si)rinkling  the  u])per  surface  of 
the  leaf. 

1  lagen  "85,  no.  51  Santa  Cruz,  Cal. 

This  sounds  mere  like  a  fungus  than  a  mite  gall. 

Nyssa  sylvatica   (multiflora)    (tupelo) 

81  .\  small,  round  cai)sule-gall  on  the  leaf,  often  lobed  above, 
C(jnical  beUnv  with  an  opening  at  the  apex.  Xo  trichomes.  Tlie 
mite    is    Eriophyes    nyssae    Trotter   (i(;o3). 

Ciarman  '92,  no.  1,  fig.  i  \:i..  111.,  Ky. 

Trotter     '03,     p/)7,     no.      16,     fig.      10     (  E  r  i  o  ])  h  y  e  s 

nyssae)  N.C. 

IJanks  '07  Catalogue  of  .\carina,  \).()J\   (and  ;//  ////.)      X.C. 

*82  A  narrow  infolding  of  the  leaf  margin  u])on  the  upper  sur- 
face, dark  brown  when  dry,  elegantly  scall()|)ed  |  .s<'('  pi.  — |. 

Carman  '92,  no.  2,  fig.  2  \  a.,  ill.,  Ky. 

I'"resh  specimens  from  Lyons  ])ond  near  Nassau.  Rensselaer  co., 
are  green  to  pinkish;  iln'  mites  are  wvy  abundant  and  light  l)i-o\\n- 
ish.  '  X.V. 

Populus  grandidentata    (large   toothed   aspen) 
83   .\   wbilt'   to  dark  brown  erineuiu  or   dimple  gall  on   the  undiT 
>ide  of  the  leaf.     Trichomes  granular. 

Jarvis  '07,  p/)3.  third  sp.  (  )nt. 

*84  .\  small  green  or  rt-d  pocket  gall  (  'f )  011  the  uppi-r  .side  of  the 
leaf,  open  below  and  lined  with  granules. 

jarvis  "(.7.  p.(.(),  i-i-bth  sp.  (  )nt. 


REPORT    OF    THR    STATK    RNTOMOI.OC.f  ST     I907  1 37 

Si)ecimons  from  West  Athens  referred  to  this,  ai)[)ear  as  button- 
like  knobs  slightly  constricted  at  base  and  widely  open  below. 
Trichomes  coarsely  granular  and  distorted.  The  whole  green  when 
fresh,  turning-  brown.  Also  from  North  mountain,  near  the  Catskill 
Mountain  Mouse.  N.Y. 

Populus  heterophylla   (downy  poplar) 

85   ( ?)   A  rib-gall  on  the  main  vein,  believed  to  be  Phytoptid. 

Specimen  from  Xewfoundland  village  (L.  H.  Joutel).  X.J. 

Populus   nigra,   var.    italica    ( Lombardy   poplar) 
8^)  A   large  deep,   sharply   defined   dimple,  green,   orange-yellow 
within,  4  to  12  mm  in  diameter,  2  to  5  mm  deep,  convex  toward 
the  upper  surface  of  the  leaf. 

Jarvis   08,  p.93,  third  sp.,  pi.  D,  fig.  3  Ont. 

Populus    tremuloides    (American    aspen) 

'■'87  An  olive-bufif  to  olive-brown  erineum  or  dimple,  slightly 
indented  on  the  under  side  of  the  leaf,  up  to  6.5  mm  in  diameter, 
one  to  eight  of  these  on  a  leaf.  Trichomes  coarsely  capitate  or 
calyculate. 

Specimens  from  Albany,  and  in  the  State  Herbarium  from 
Shandaken  (Professor  Peck)  labeled  Erineum  aureum,  and 
"  neither  a  u  r  e  u  m  nor  p  o  p  u  1  i  n  u  m  according  to  Greville," 
and  from  Center,  now  Karner,  Albany  county  (Peck)  labeled 
E.    aureum,  and  "not  like  aureum  as  figured  in  Greville." 

N.Y. 

Erineum  a  u  r  e  u  m  Persoon  '22,  no.  23,  is  described  from 
Populus  nigra  and  P.  fastigiata  and  placed  in  the  sec- 
tion Taphria  (Taphrina)  having  the  trichomes  fused  into  a  crust: 
it  is  evidently  different  from  this. 

Erineum  p  o  p  u  1  i  n  u  m  Persoon  '22,  no.  20,  placed  undei 
(kumaria  with  trichomes  capitate,  is  described  from  P .  t  r  e  m  u  1  a 
as  "  cespitulis  orbicularibus  immersis  grumosis  opacis  spadiceis," 
which  agrees  passably  with  the  present   form. 

88  Dimples  "  on  the  leaves  on  the  upper  side  lined  with  spherical 
granules,  reddish  or  greenish  in  color."  The  galls  are  green,  three 
to  four  to  a  leaf,  2  to  3  mm  in  diameter. 

Jarvis  '07,  p.6o,  sixth  sp.  Ont. 

May  be  the  same  as  the  ])recc(ling,  but  the  description  is  am- 
biguous and  gives  the  impression  that  this  gall  is  the  reverse  of  that. 


138  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

*89  Both  edges  of  the  leaf  inrolled  toward  each  other  on  the 
upper  surface.  The  mites  not  observed,  but  beheved  to  be 
Phytoptid.  Compare  the  work  of  E  r  i  o  p  h  y  e  s  t  e  t  r  a  t  r  i  c  h  u  s 
(Xalepa)  on  Tilia  europaea  [Connold  '01,  Brit.  Veg.  Galls, 
p.  166,  pi.  67]. 

Specimens  from  Albany  (Mr  Young).  N.Y. 

*90  A  deformation  of  stem  and  twigs  producing  large  irregular 
galls,  the  "  Knospenwucherungen  "  of  the  Germans.  The  mite  is 
Eriophyes   populi    (Nalepa). 

Nalepa,  Vienna  1890,  43,  pi.  3,  fig.  6 

Banks  '07,  p.621  and  in  litt.  N.Y.,  Col.,  Idaho 

Jarvis  '08,  p.93,  sixth  sp.  Ont. 

Occurs   in   Europe   on    P  o  p  u  1  u  s   t  r  e  m  u  1  a  ;   this   is   C  a  1  y  - 

cophthora    populi    Amerling    and    B  a  t  o  n  e  u  s    populi 

Kirchner.     Professor    Banks    (/;;    /;7^)    gives    me   the    New    York 

record,  "Lebanon  Springs,  July  11,  1895,  W.  11.  Harrison." 


Potentilla  canadensis   (five-finger) 

91  A  whitish  crincum  resembling  minute  tufts  of  grass,  numer- 
ous on  both  sides  of  the  leaf.     Trichomes  simple. 

Carman  '92,  no.  3,  fig.  3  Va. 

Potentilla   pennsylvanica    (prairie    cin(|ucfoil) 

92  "  Erineum  on  the  leaves;  somewhat  <l(iul)lfnl." 

liagen  '85,  no.  53  Saskatch. 

Compare  with  the  preceding. 


Prunus  americana   (wild  plum) 

''93  A  very  long,  slender  pouch-gall,  green  <jr  whili^h.  on  the 
under  side  of  the  leaf.  The  mite  is  probably  li  r  i  o  p  h  y  c  s 
pruni  Schocnc  jnss,  (  I'arroll  '07,  N.Y.  Agric.  Exp.  Sta.  Bui. 
2>^T,,  no.  13).  which  Professor  Banks  (/;;  litt.)  would  refer  to  V. . 
pr  u  n  i  -  c  r  u  m  e  n  a  |  Walsh  iS<^,8.  III.  ist  Kep't,  p.55]  I'.aiiks, 
Catalogue  of  Acarina,  p.621. 

Specimens    froiu    Normansville,   Albany   co.  N.Y. 

?  Jarvis  '07,  j).6r.  third  sp.  Ont. 

Jarvis's  description  implies  that  his  gall  was  on  the  upper  si.Je 
of  the  leaf:  otherwise  it  aLrrees  with  this. 


RKPORT    OF    TIIR    STATF.    FXTOMOr.OCrST    IQO/  I39 

Prunus  angustifolia   (Chickasaw  plum) 
94  A  pocket-gall  on  the  leaves,  elongated  and  purselike  on  the 
lower  side,  tomentose;  above  rounded  and  hairy. 

Lintner  '96  N.Y.  State  Mus.  50th  An.  Rep't,  p.318,  350 

Pa. 
Dr  Lintner   suggests  that   the  mite  is  "  P  h  y  t  o  p  t  u  s    p  r  u  n  i 
Amerl." 

Prunus  domestica   (plum) 
*95  A   tubercular   growth   encircling  base  of  buds   and   shoots, 
caused    by    K  r  i  o  p  h  }•  e  s    p  h  1  o  e  o  c  o  p  t  e  s    (Nalepa) . 

Jarvis  '07,  p. 59  Ont. 

Banks  '04,  P.T05 

Parrott  '07,  no.   14  U.S. 

A  widely  distributed  pest.     The  N.  Y.  citations  will  be  given  in 
the  forthcoming  check  list  of  Acarida. 

Prunus  maritima  (beach  plum) 

96  "  Deformation  of  the  leaves." 

Hagen  '85,  no.  54  Mass. 

97  Long   pedunculated   black   pouch-galls  on   the   upper   side   of 
the  leaves. 

Hagen  '85,  no.  55  Mass. 

98  A    smaller    and    shorter    stalked,    green    pouch-gall    on    (the 
upper  side  of)   the  leaves.     Same  as  our  no.  100. 

Hagen  '85,  no.  56  Mass. 

Prunus  pennsylvanica   (pin  cherry) 

99  Reddish,    slender    pcjuch-galls,    somewhat    irregular    and    pu- 
bescent. 

Jarvis  '08,  p.94,  third  sp.  Ont. 

Except  for  the  pubescence,  this  is  of  the  lyi)e  of  the   following. 

Prunus  serotina   (wild  black  cherry) 
"100  A  green  or  rosy   red  ])ouch-gall   on   tlie  upper  side  of  the 
leaf,  rupturing  when  c^ld.    The  mite  is  believed  by  Professor  Parrott 
to   be   Eriophyes   padi    (Nalepa)    I'ar. 

Walsh    '67    Ent.    Soc.    Phila.    Proc.    VI -.226    (Cera  si 
c  r  u  m  e  n  a)  111. 


140  .\"i:\V    \()KK    STATl-:    .MUSKL'M 

Hagen  -85.  no.  58  \\'est  Point.  N.Y. 

P.eutcnnniller   '<;2.     Am.   Miis.   lUil.   1\':278.  pi.   t6.  fig.  7 

(A  c  a  r  u  s    scroti  n  a  c  )  .  X.Y.  city 

Bcutcnnuillcr    '04.     Amcr.    Mus.    Jour.    lY,    no.    87,    fig^. 

N.Y. 

Cook   '04,  p.858,  fig.  49    (Acarus   s  e  r  o  t  i  n  a  e)    Ind. 

Jarvis  '07,  p.6i   (E  r  i  o  p  h  y  c  s    s  e  r  o  t  i  n  a  e)  Ont. 

r>ank.s    '07,   Catalogue   of   Acarina,   p.621,   E  r  i  o  p  h  y  e  si 

scroti nae 

Specimens    from    Poughkeepsie    (Mr   Nixon)    and   Catskill ;   ob- 

.served  on  Blackhead  mountain,  Catskills,  at  3360  feet.  N.Y. 

Specimens   from   Pownal    (Mr  Burnham).  Vt. 

loi  A  pocket-gall  (  ?)  shorter  and  more  densely  crowded  than 
the  preceding.      (Compare  our  no.   104). 

Hagen  '85,  no.  59  Col. 

102  Leaf  deformation,  same  as  our  no.  96. 

Hagen  '85,  no.  57,  no.  61  Md.,   Mass. 

Prunus   virginiana  (  chokecherry) 

*I03  Erin  cum  (?)  ])  r  u  n  i  Schweinitz  (no.  7),  "  nervos 
sequens.  An  hujus  generis?  Moccis  longis  subrectis  utrinquc  cir- 
cum  nervum  folii  centralem  densissinie  sitis,  in  pagina  aversa 
colore  badio-ferrugineo,  ad  2-3  linearcm  longitudinem  extensis  nee 
intricatis  aut  saltem  parum.  Denuini  etiam  circum  nervos  secun- 
darios  apparet."' 

Schweinitz  '34.  no.  2802  N.Y. 

Placed  under  i'hyllerium,  with  >inii)le  trichomes.  De  Schwein- 
itz's  specimens  wvw  "  >ent  In-   lialsey,"  exact  locality  not  stated. 

No  one  else  seems  to  have  recognized  this  form;  is  it  jiossible 
that  the  describer  was  deceived  by  the  normal  jjubcscence  seen  on 
several  species  of   Prunu^? 

*I04  .\  gri'cn  or  reddisli  pouch-gall  on  the  u])])er  side  of  ihe 
leaf,  differing  from  no.  100  in  lacking  tlu'  funnel  form  shajjc  lo  the 
aperture.     '  )fti-n   nnich   crowded. 

jarvis  '07.  1).  f.i,  >econd  sp..  pi.  A.  lig.  2  (  )nt. 

Specimens    Ironi  Catskill.  N.V. 

Prunus  sp. 

103  "A   \erv  large  erineum,"  on     Prunus  ?    sp. 

I  lapcn  "8:    no.  U)  Mass. 


Ri:i'()RT    OF    Till':    STA'IK    l^XTOMOI.t )( WST    I907  I4I 

106  Small  yelU)\v  ])()ckc't-i;alls,  crowded  on  the  upi)er  side  of  the 
leaves  and  aronnd  some  stalks. 

J  lagen  '85,  no.  (>2  Wash. 

This  may  be  comi)ared  with  the  trails  of  E  r  i  o  j)  h  y  e  s  si  m  i  - 
1  i  s  on  P  r  u  n  us  s  p  i  n  o  s  a  ,  in  Europe  [sec  Connold  "01.  I>rit. 
\'eg'.  (ialls,  ]).}()2,  ])\.()~,\.     Compare  also  with  our  no.   lor. 

Pyrus  communis    ( pear) 
'■'107  The  well  known  "leaf-blister,"  reddish,  green  to  black,  03 
the  upper  side  of  the  leaf,  caused  by  E  r  i  o  p  h  y  e  s   p  y  r  i    (  Pag'.) 
The  same  gall  also  harbors    E  j)  i  t  r  i  m  e  r  u  s    p  y  r  i    and    P  h  y  1- 
1  o  c  o  p  t  e  s    s  c  h  1  e  c  t  e  n  d  a  1  i    of  Xalepa. 

Garman  '83.  p.  125,  140,  tig-.  24,  2=,  111.,  U.S. 

(Hag:en  '85,  p.22) 

(Connold  "01.     P>rit.  \'eg\  Galls,  p. 150,  pi. 59) 
Parrott  '07.     X.  Y.  Agric.  Exp.  Sta.  Pul.  283,  no.  10  and 
p.291  ;  man\-  figures 
la.,  ^lich.'.  Can.,  Del.,  Pa.,  N.Y.,  ( ).,  N.J.,  Id.,  Cal.,  Or. 
Jarvis  '07.  p.6o  Ont. 

Occurs  "  throughout  most  of  the  pear-growing  region  "  accord- 
ing to  Professor  I'anks.  New  York  citations  will  be  given  in  the 
forthcoming  check  list  of  Acarida. 

Pyrus    (Malus)    coronaria    (American    crab    apple) 
108  An  erineum  on  the  under  side  of  the  leaf. 

Hagen  '85,  no.  63  111. 

Pyrus  (Malus)  malus  (apple) 
■''icxj  The  "  leaf  blister,"  same  as  our  no.  107,  and  also  pimples 
and  i)ockmarks  on  the  fruit,  produced  by  Eriophyes  pyri 
(  Pag. ) .  or  E  .  pyri  v  a  r  i  o  1  a  t  a  ( X'al.)  and  harboring  E  . 
m  a  1  i  f  o  1  i  a  e  1  'arrott  and  P  h  y  1  1  o  c  o  ])  t  e  s  s  c  h  1  e  c  h  t  e  n  - 
d  a  1  i    Xalepa. 

Parrott   '07.     X.    Y.    Agric.   Exp.    Sta.    Pul.   283,   no.    10, 

p.291,  311  ;  many  figures  N.Y. 

Jarvis  "07,  p.6o  Ont. 

This  gall   is  probably  as  widely  distributed  on  the  apple  as  on 

the  pear,  but  is  not  recorded.     The  check  list  of  Acarida  will  give 

the  Xew  York  localities  in   full. 


142  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Quercus  alba  (wliilc  oak) 

*iiO  A  yellowish  i;rcen  dinipk",  convex  on  the  upper  surface  of 
the  leaf,  lined  within  with  a  whitish  or  brownish  fuzz.  Perhaps 
the  same  as  our  no.  112. 

Specimens   from  Kenwood,   All)any  co.  N.Y. 

Quercus  coccinea   (scarlet  oak) 

111  A  dense  mat  of  brown  hairs  (erineum)  in  large  patches  on 
the  under  side  of  the  leaf. 

Jarvis  '07,  p.63,  second  sp.  Ont. 

This  may  be  compared  willi  our  no.  117. 

Quercus  macrocarpa   (bur  oak) 

112  A  large  greenish  }ell(iw  diin])lc,  slightly  convex  above, 
beneath  filled  with  a  dense  l)r(iwn  inibescencc.  Sometimes  turned 
inside  out  forming-  velvety  buttons  under  the  leaf.  The  mite  is 
IC  r  i  o  p  h  y  e  s    ([  u  e  r  c  i     (Garman) . 

( iarnian  'S:^,  i).i38.  (i'  h  y  t  o  p  t  u  s   q  u  e  r  c  i)  Ind.,  111. 

(Parrott  '07.  N.  '^'.  Agric.  V.x\).  Sta.  TUil.  2.83,  no.  4) 
Jarvis  '07,  p.Oi    ( I*',  r  i  o  ]>  li  y  e  s    (j  u  e  r  c  i)  Ont. 

Jarvis  describes  the  pubescence  as  white,  and  the  galls  as  yellowish 
red  when  old.     Possibly  his  form  is  distinct. 

Quercus  minor  (obtusiloba)    (post  oak) 

113  '■  Deformation  of  leaves  on  the  margin." 

Plagen  '(S5,  no.  65  D.C. 

Quercus  nana   (l)ear  oak) 

"'114  A  snuff  brown  erincum  in  large  patches  on  the  under  side 
of  llie  leaf,  filling  the  space  helwecn  veins.  Trichomes  simple,  fine, 
matted,  miuli  like  the  normal  lomenlnm  <  d'  tlu'  leaf  eNceji!  that  I'ach 
tuft  of  three  <iv  fi.iir  liairs  is  elevated  011  a  cinniiiMii  st;dk.  .\])pears 
similar  to  the  \i>\-\\\  (no.  117)  <>ii  [)  .  \  e  1  11  I  i  n  a  .  which  is  a 
glabrous  s[)ecies. 

Specimens  in  the  .State  llerliaiium  fiMiu  (  i^nler,  now  Karner, 
Albany  coimly  (  I'rofessor  Peck  )  labelei]  "  I'",  .  (|  u  e  re  i  n  u  m  Kz. 
probably."     See  our  no.   1  18.  N.Y. 

Specinu'iis  from  (lien  Lake,  Warren  county  (Mr  I'.in-nham)    N.Y. 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  1 43 

Quercus  platanoides   (bicolor)    (swaiiii)  wliitc  oak) 
115  Very  small  pocket-galls,  crowded  upon  the  upper  side  of  the 
leaf. 

Ilageii  "85.  no.  64  Conn. 

Quercus  rubra   (red  oak) 

*ii6  A  brown  erineuni  on  the  under  side  of  the  leaf.  Trichonics 
fine,  simple,  matted.     The  mites  are  very  numerous,  white  or  pinkish. 

Specimens  from  the  Indian  Ladder,  Helderbergs  (j\lr  Burn- 
ham).  N.Y. 

Specimens  in  the  State  Herbarium  from  Sand  Lake  (Professor 
Peck),  and  a  single  loose  leaf  without  data,  marked  "  E  .  qu  e  r  - 
c  i  n  u  m  probably,"  have  larger  patches  with  some  light  or  whitish 
portions.     See  our  no.   118,  and  the  following. 

Quercus  velutina   (black  oak) 

*ii7  A  velvety  red  erineum  on  the  under  side  of  the  leaf,  the 
young  parts  greenish.    Trichomes  simple,  matted. 

Specimens  in  the  State  Llerbarium  from  Buffalo  (Mr  Clinton) 
labeled    E  r  i  n  e  u  m    q  u  c  r  c  i  n  u  m  .  N.Y. 

Although  more  brilliantly  colored  than  the  preceding  it  is  struc- 
turally the  same  with  that,  with  no.  114,  and  probably  also  no.  11 1. 
Whether  these  are  the  true  I^  r  i  n  c  u  m  q  u  e  r  c  i  n  u  m  I  can  not 
determine;  see  the  following. 

Specimens  from  South  mountain,  Catskills.  N.Y. 

Quercus  sp. 

118  Erineum    q  u  e  r  c  i  n  u  m    Link  no.  7,  "in   foliis." 

Schweinitz  '34,  no.  2796  Pa. 

Placed  in  Phyllerium,  having  simple  trichomes.  Persoon  '22, 
no.  5,  describes  this  as  "  cespitulis  immersis  la.xis  rufcscente- 
palliilis  nitidis,  l-'ila  compressa,  intricata.  niollia.  llab.  in  fol. 
Quercus  p  u  b  e  s  c  e  n  t  i  s  .  Phyllerium  (|  u  c  r  c  i  n  u  m 
Kunze."  This  agrees  i")assably  with  the  preceding  forms  referred 
to  it  by  Professor  Peck  (nos.  114,  ii6,  117). 

1 19  Erineum    q  u  e  r  c  u  s  -  c  i  n  e  r  e  a  e    Schwein.  (  no,  6) . 

Schweinitz  '34,  no.  2801  N.C. 

Placed  in  Phyllerium,  the  trichomes  therefore  simple 


144  -NEW    VOKK    STATE    .ML-Sia\M 

120  "  Deformation  of  leaf  on  margins." 

Hagen  '85,  no.  &>  ]\Iex. 

Compare  our  no.  113. 

121  An  oval,  somewhat  woolly,  gall  on  the  upper  side  of  the  leaf. 
Not  further  described. 

Ilagen  '85.  no.  67  Col. 

Rhus  radicans  (toxicodendron)   (poison  ivy) 

122  An  erineum  on  the  leaves. 

Hagen  '85.  no.  68  Mass. 

*123   irregular   rounded   dimple-galls,   convex  on   the   upper    (or 

under)    side  of  the  leaf,  green  to  red  or  purple  in  color,   usually 

confluent  into  granular  heaps ;  inside  clothed  with  white  trichomes. 

Garman  '8^,  p.  134  111. 

Cook  '04.  p.862  Ind. 

Jarvis  '07,  p.Go,  seventh  sp.,  pi.  A,  fig.  5  Ont. 

Observed  at  Leeds  and  Catskill  X.Y. 

Salix  alba    (white   willow) 

'■'124  Small  thickenings  or  inrollings  of  the  leaf  margin,  green, 
scattered  or  coale>cent.  .\])parently  the  form  figured  by  Connold 
'01  [I'.ril.  \'eg.  (ialls,  p.  148,  i)l.  58]as  the  work  of  Eriophyes 
m  a  r  g  i  n  a  t  u  s  .  on  the  same  species  of  willow. 

Specimens   from  Albany  (Mr  Ciillett)  X.'S'. 

Possibly  this  is  the  Brittle  willow  (Salix  fragilis)  or  a 
hybrid  between  S.  alba  and  S.  n  i  g  r  a  ,  as  it  differs  somewhat 
from  .S  .     a  1  b  a  . 

125  .SV(-  no.  127. 

Salix  amygdaloides  (peach-leaved  willow) 
■126  \'ery  .^mall  crimson  red  ])ocket-galls  or  semicapsules  on  the 
leaves,  much  crowded. 

Specimens  from   lr\ing,  (hautautpia  co.  N.  Y. 

Salix   balsamifera    ili.ils.-im    willow) 
127   Small  irregular,  serrate  and  rougheiu'd  pockel-galls  or  scmi- 
ca])^ules.  green  or  re  1.  usually  on  tlu-  upper  side  ni  the  leaf;  beneath 
sometimes  in)pre>Ned.  more  often  proji^ct  ing.     (  )((iirs  on    .*^  a  1  i  \- 
alba,     balsamifera.     discolor     and     ro  strata. 

|ar\i>    '07.    \)Jx),   as   "  1'".  r  i  o  p  h  y  f  >     >alicola    Car- 
man "  C)nt. 


RKPORT    OF    Till-:    STATE    EXTOMOLOCIST    I907  I45 

Jarvis's  identification  with  Carman's  form  is  probably  erroneous ; 
the  galls  are  very  different,  see  our  no.  131.  The  same  error  ap- 
pears to  have  been  made  by  Cook  for  no.  136.  Proba])ly  no.  129 
was  intended. 

Salix  bebbiana  (rostrata)    (Bebb's  willow) 

128  Sec  no.  127. 

Salix  cordata   (heart-leaved  willow) 

129  A  purple  or  pale  green  capsule-gall,  projecting  either  above 
or  below  the  leaf,  or  both. 

Carman  '83  p.  137  ( P  h  y  t  o  p  t  u  s    s  p  .)  111. 

This  seems  to  agree  well  with  the  foregoing,  and  may  be  the 
cause  of  the  confusion  indicated. 

Salix  discolor  (pussy  willow) 
*i30  The  samfe  as  no.  127. 

Jarvis  '07,  p.6o  Ont. 

Our  specimens,  believed  to  be  this  form,  are  strongly  pilose  above 
and  thickly  pubescent  beneath,  the  aperture  with  swollen  pro- 
truding margin,  agreeing  closely  with  the  galls  of  E  r  i  o  p  h  y  e  s 
tetanothrix  laevis  (  Xalepa) ,  on  S  a  1  i  x  '  c  a  p  r  e  a  of 
Europe,  figured  by  Connold  '01  [Brit.  Yeg.  Calls,  p.  164,  pi.  66]. 
From  Gravel  pond  near  Crafton,  Rensselaer  co.,  and  from  Catskill, 

X.  Y. 
Salix  fluviatilis  (longifolia)    (long-leaved  willow) 
*i3i   A  leaf  deformation  consisting  of  one  or  two  narrow  longi- 
tudinal upward  folds  extending  lengthwise  of  the  leaf,  opening  by 
•  a  slit  below.     Color,  yellowish  green  to  brown.     The  mite  is  E  r  i  o  - 
phyes   salicicola    (Carman). 

Carman  '83.  p.  138,    P  h  y  t  o  p  t  u  s    salicicola  111. 

Parrott  '07.     X.  Y.  Agric.  Exp.  Sta.  Bui.  283.  no.  2 
Specimens  from  Irving,  Chautauqua  co.  X.Y. 

Salix  fragilis  (?)   (brittle  willow) 
132  Deformation   of   leaf   and    twig,   usually  clustered   near   the 
terminus,  whitish  green  at  first,  turning  grayish  black  by  winter. 

Jarvis  '08,  p.93,  first  sp.,  pi.  D,  fig.  5  Ont. 

This  is  unquestionably  "  S  a  1  i  c  i  .s  a  e  n  i  g  m  a  "  (our  no.  133) 
on  a  new  host  if  Jarvis's  identification  of  the  latter  in  the  ex- 
plantation  of  plates  is  correct.    But  why  not  S  ,  nigra? 


146  XRW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Salix  nigra    (black   willow) 

133  A  bud  deformation  of  the  flower  catkins  (fide  Walsh  '64, 
p.6o8)  and  leaf  buds  cr  parts  of  leaves  (fide  Cook)  producing  a 
large  irregular  cruni|)letl  mass,  or  core  covered  with  filaments. 

Walsh  '64.     Ent.   Soc.  Phila.  Proc.  Ill,  no.  15,  p.  576,  608, 
(Salicis    aenigma)  111. 

Walsh  %"],  idem  W.  no.  15.  p. 227 

Hagen  '85,  no.  r>i>  (S  a  1  i  c  i  s    a  e  n  i  g  m  a)  111. 

Osborn     and     L^nderwood     '86.       Can.     Ent.     Will:     12 

(A  c  a  r  u  s  ?    aenigma) 
Cook  '04,  859  (A  car  us    aenigma)  Ind. 

Banks  '07.     Catalogue  of  Acarina,  p.620  (E  r  i  o  p  h  y  e  s 
aenigma) 
Evidently  a  variable   form,  but  Walsh's  and  Cook's  descriptions 
are  much  at  variance.     Of  course  the  name  transferred  from  the 
gall  to  the  undescribed  mite  has  no  standing. 

134  A  pocket  or  capsule-gall,  irregularly  hemispherical,  green- 
ish yellow,  with  a  projecting  aperture;  on  either  sm-face  of  the 
leaf  but  chiefly  above. 

Walsh  '64.     Ent.   Soc.  Phila.  Proc.  Ill:  576,  606,  no.   14 
(Salicis    semen)  111. 

\\'al.sh  '(ij,  idem  VI:  226,  no.   14 

Hagen  '85.  no.  70  (Salicis   semen)  111. 

Csborn    and    Undcrwocd    '86.       Can.    l-.nt.    X\  III,    p.  12 

(  A  c  a  r  u  s  ?    semen) 
Cook  '04,  p.858  (A  earns    semen)  Ind. 

Ranks  '07.     Catalogue  of  .Acarina,  p. 621    H''.  r  i  <>  p  h  y  e  s 
semen) 
This  seems  fidly  identical  with  no.  127.  etc.     Tlu'  mite  is  un- 
described.    Cook  appears  to  have  recognized  this  and  the  preceding 
on  other  species  of  willow,  not  specified. 

"'135  Small  and  very  crowded  ])ockel-galls  upnn  tin-  leaves. 

Plagen  '85.  no.  71  Wash. 

Specimens  from    .Massan,   l\en<^ilair  co.  N.Y. 

Salix   sp. 

136  "A  small,  ratlicr  irrcgnlar  niMic  i.r  less  spherical  gall  occur- 
ring in  great  abundance  on  the  n))per  surface  of  the  leaves." 

Cook  '04,  p. 862   (  I",  r  i  o  p  h  y  e  s    s  a  1  i  c  i  c  o  1  a)  Ind. 

The  identification  is  of  course  erroneous,  see  our  nos.  127  and 
131.  Although  Cook  separated  this  from  our  no.  134,  no  dii^tin- 
puibhiiif,'  jiiarks  are  ^dvcn, 


RKT'ORT    OF   THE    STATK   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  1 47 

137  A  capsulc-gall,  raised  about  equally  on  both  sides  of  the 
leaf.     The  mite  is    Cecidobia    salicicola    Banks. 

Banks  '05,  p. 142  (C  .    salicicola)  Col. 

This  also  appears  of  similar  type  to  the  "  A  c  a  r  u  s  semen" 
series.  Nalepa  [Marcellia  5,  p.  124]  refers  this  sujjposed  new  g-enus 
to  Phyllocoptes. 

Forms  of  Mile-Galls  on  Stilix 

1  Bud  (lcfi)nnatioii No.   132  on  S  .    f  r  a  g  i  1  i  s 

No.  133  on  S.  nigra    (Eriophyes  "ac- 
n  i  g  m  a  ' '  ) 

2  Longitudinal  leaf  folds. . .  No.  131  on  S.   fluviatilis    (Eriophyes 

salicicola) 

3  InroUed  leaf  margins.  .  .  .  No.   124  on  S  .     alba     (Eriophyes    m  a  r  - 

g  i  n  a  t  u  s  ?  ) 

4  Capsule  or  pocket-galls.  .No.   126  en  S  .    a  m  y  g  d  a  1  o  i  d  e  s 
No.   127  on  S  .    b  a  1  s  a  m  i  f  e  r  a 
iSIo.  125  on  S  .    alba 
No.   128  on  S  .    b  e  b  Ij  i  a  n  a 
No.  130  on  S  .    discolor    (cf.  Eriophyes 

t  e  t  a  n  n  t  h  r  i  X  ) 

No.  129  on  S  .  c  o  r  d  a  t  a  (  P  h  y  t  o  p  t  u  s 
sp.  Garman) 

No.   134  on  S  .  nigra  (Eriophyes 

'  '  s  c  ni  c  n  ' '  ) 

No.   135  on  S  .    n  i  g  r  a 

No.  13(1  on  S  .    sp. 

No.  137  on  S  .  sp.  (Cecidobia  salici- 
cola) 

Sambucus    canadensis    (y\mcrican    elder) 
*I38  The  leaf  mari^dn  rolled  tightly  upward  and  inward  on  both 
sides,  bearing  stout  whitish  or  brownish  trichomcs  within.     A  few 
dried  mites  were  seen,  not  much  longer  than  broad    (shrunken?) 
and  with  rather  coarse  striae ;  probably  a  Phyllocoptes. 

Specimens  from  Albany  (Mr  Gillett).  N.Y. 

Sorbus  americana   (American  mountain   ash) 
*I39  A  light  brown  or  whitish  erineum  on  the  under  side  of  the 
leaf,  not  crossing  the  midrib.     Trichomes  simple  (  ?) 

Specimens  in  the  State   Herbarium   from   Ausable  ywnds    (Pro- 
fessor Peck)  N.Y. 
This  may  be   compared  with     Erineum    s  o  r  b  e  u  m  .    no.  § 
of  Persoon  '23 


148  NKW    YORK    STATK    MUSEUM 

Spiraea  salicifolia  (American  meadow-sweet) 

140  Arrested  development  of  the  flower  buds.  The  mite  is  an 
Eriophyes. 

Specimens  from  Kinistino.  Saskatchewan,  sent  by  Dr  James 
Fletcher.  Can. 

Spiraea  sp.?   (spiraea) 

141  "  Probably  Cephaloneon  on  the  leaves  " 

Hagen  '85.  no.  72  Mass. 

Statice  armaria  (?)    (sea  pink) 
(  Plumhaso  ^P- '■  Ilagcn) 

142  An  erineum  (?)  of  very  small  black  spots  on  the  upper  side 
of  the  leaves,  similar  to  our  no.   145. 

Hagen  '85,  no.  52  Cal. 

This  may  be  a  fungus.  Statice  seems  to  be  the  only  west  coast 
form  to  which  Ilagen's  "  Plumbago  "  can  refer. 

Thuja  occidentalis  (  arbor-vitac) 

143  A  leaf  deformation,  covered  with  the  eggs  and  skins.  The 
mite,  Eriophyes  thujae  (Garman)  lives  in  the  buds  and 
under  the  leaves  in  winter,  and  on  the  leaves  in  summer,  but  may 
not  often  occasion  serious  damage  or  noticeable  deformations. 

Garman   '83.   p.  138.   fig.   30       ( IMi  y  t  o  p  t  u  s     thujae) 

III. 
Hagen  '85,  no.  74  .Mass. 

Parrott  '07.     \.^^  Agric.  Ivxp.  Sta.  Hul.  28^^,  no.  1 

Tilia  americana    (l)assw()0(n 
'^'144  Lobed  or  serrate  1  green  jxiuch-galls  on  tiie  upper  or  rarely 
the  lower  side  C)f  the  leaf.     The  mite  is  !•".  r  i  o  p  h  y  e  s   a  b  n  o  r  ni  i  s 
(Garman). 

Garman   '83,  p.  134   (I'liytoptus    a  b  nor  mis)  III. 

Hagen  '85,  no.  y^  I'S. 

Cook  '04,  |).86o,  fig-.  51  •  hid. 

I-clt  '07.     Park  &  Woodland  Trees.    II:f.3r  ^■.^^ 

Parrott  '07.     X.Y.  ;\gric.  Exp.  Sta.  I'.ul.  2H7,,  no.  C). 

jarvis  '07.  p.5«).  pl.G,  fig.  6  (  )nt. 

Specimens    fnmi    (  hurchville,    .Monroe   co..    Rensselaer.    Catskill. 

Xormansville,  and  from  Pownal  (Mr  lUn-nham).  X.^'..  \  t. 

I<ccordc(|   above   from  Albany,  and   is  abundant  in  all  [Kuts  of 

the  State  according  to  Professor  Parrott  {in  litt.). 


KKI'ORT    OF    THK    STATK    KXTOMULOGIST     ICjoy  l^i) 

Triadenum  virginicum  (marsh  St  John's-wort) 
(  F,  1  (1  <K-  s    V  i  r  g  i  n  i  c  a) 
145  An  erineum    ( ?)   of  very  fine  and  numerous  black  spots  on 
the  upper  side  of  the  leaves. 

Hagen  '85,  no.  43  111. 

\^ery  probably  a  fungus. 

Ulmus  americana    (American   white   elm) 
*I46  Small  green  to  yellowish  pocket-galls,  more  or  less  spherical, 
usually  on  the  upper  side  of  the  leaves.     The  mite  is  E  r  io  p  h  y  e  s 
u  I  m  i  (Garman). 

Garman   '83.  p.  137   (  P  h  y  t  o  p  t  u  s    u  1  m  i )  III. 

Cook  '04.  p. 861  Ind. 

Parrott  '07.     X.Y.  Agric.  Exp.  Sta.  Bui.  283.  no.  5 
Jarvis  '07.  p. 59,  pi.  P.,  fig.  5-6  Out. 

Specimens  from  Catskill.  and  occurs  at  Geneva  (Parrott  in 
litt.).    The  mite  is  reported  from  Newport  (Felt  02).  N.Y. 

Ulmus  fulva    (pubescens)    (slippery   elm) 

147  A  large  pouch-gall  (up  to  2  cm)  on  the  leaves.  Dififers 
from  the  preceding  in  its  unusual  size  and  in  often  commencing  as 
a  cone  or  deep  dimple. 

Jarvis  '07,  p.63.  sixth  sp.  Ont. 

This  may  be  one  of  the  three  undescribed  galls  on  elm  enumer- 
ated by  Walsh  [Ent.  Soc.  Phila.  Proc.  ¥1:285]. 

*I47J/^  Irregularly  lobed  i)ubescent  pouch-galls,  resembling 
those  on  Tilia  (no.  144),  and  much  smaller  than  the  preceding 
(3  to  6  mm),  have  occurred  abundantly  at  Catskill  this  summer 
(1908),  seriously  affecting  the  leaves,  although  none  were  ob- 
served in  the  previous  year.  The  mites  are  very  numerous, 
cylindric  and  whitish.  N.Y. 

148  A  small  greenish  pocket-gall  on  the  upper  side  of  the  leaves, 
quite  similar  to  our  no.  146,  and  probably  made  by  the  same  mite. 

Specimens  from  Pownal  (Mr  TUirnham).  Vt. 

Ulmus  racemosa    (rock  elm) 

149  The  same  as  our  no.  146. 

Jarvis  '07,  p.59  (pi, P.,  fig.  5-6)  Ont. 


150  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

150  An  eriiicuni  on  the  under  side  of  the  leaf.  Color  white  (?). 
Trichomes  simple,  tangled. 

Jarvis  '07,  p.62,  first  sp.,  pl.B,  fig.  3  Out. 

This  probably  is  another  of  Walsh's  forms,  and  with  E.  ulmi 
completes  the  tally  of  three  mite-galls  on  elm. 

Vaccinium  sp.    (blueberry) 

151  Small  round  galls  (capsules?)  on  the  leaves. 

Hagen  '85,  no.  75  Wash. 

Verbena  hastata  (blue  vervain) 

*i$2  A  white  and  pinkish  frostlike  erineum  and  leaf  curl  in- 
volving the  whole  plant  and  apparently  very  destructive.  Mites 
not  numerous,  but  a  few  were  seen. 

Specimens  from  Nassau,  Rensselaer  co.  N.Y. 

Mr  G.  L.  Richard,  State  Taxidermist,  informs  me  that  he  has 
seen  this  often. 

Viburnum  dentatum   (arrow wood) 

*I53  Large,  irregular  lobed  dimples,  convex  above,  rarely  re- 
versed, pubescent  without,  w  ithin  with  long  slender  white  hairs. 

Specimens   from  Nassau  and  l.Nons  pond,  Rensselaer  co.       N.Y. 

*I54  Identical  with  the  following. 

Specimens  from  Cienesee  X'alley  I'ark,  Rochester.  N.Y. 

Viburnum   pubescens    (do\vn}-leavcd    arrowwood) 

"^155  Purplish  discolorations  along  the  veins,  showing  on  both 
sides  of  the  leaf  and  making  a  striking  palt^rn.  The  mite  is  a 
remarkable  form,  with  longitudinal  rows  of  fuiljelows  (scales), 
api)arently  referable  to  Callyntrotus,  a  genus  not  previously  reported 
in  America.  Professor  Banks  (in  litt.)  agrees  with  this  reference. 
Sec  i)rcceding. 

Sjiecimens  frcjm  L}-f)ns  pond,  Rensselaer  co.  the  entire  bush 
afifccted.  '  N.Y. 

Vitis  bicolor  (?)    (winter  gra]ie) 

*I56  An  iirange-bniwii  \<^  lij^ht  chocolate  (dry)  erineum  on  the 
lower  side  of  the  leaf,  not  pro  hieing  any  noticeable  flcpression. 

S|)ecimens  in  the  State  Herbariinn  from  rireenbush  and  hort 
Edward  (Professor  I'cck)  \scc  Peck  iH'19,  22(\  Rcp'f,  p.ior. 
Erineum    vitis.    Poestenkill].  N.Y. 

The  reference  to  E.  vitis  seems  questionable  on  account  of 
the  absence  of  a  depression  or  swelling.    See  our  no.  160, 


RErORT   OF   THE   STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  I5I 

Vitis   cordifolia    (frost   grape) 
157  Small    semicircular   or    nearly    circular    "wart-galls"    (cap- 
sules?)  along  the  veins,  about  2  mm  in  diameter  and  but  slightly 
elevated  on  either  surface  of  the  leaf.     Above  paler  than  the  leaf, 
below  with  a  white  nipple  surrounded  by  a  furrow. 

Jarvis  '08,  p.94,  second  sp.  Ont, 

158?  A  gall  of  "  Eriophyes  sp."  on  this  species  is  figured  by 
Jarvis  on  plate  D,  figure  4,  but  not  mentioned  in  the  text.  It  Is 
evidently  quite  distinct  from  the  above,  being  from  5  to  10  mm  in 
diameter  and  with  long  white  pubescence  on  the  lower  surface. 

159  A  green  pouch-gall  with  irregular  lobed  top  (as  in  that  of 
E.  abnormis),  mostly  upon  the  under  side  of  the  leaf.  "  Not 
common." 

Jarvis  '07,  p.62  ("  h^  r  i  o  p  h  y  e  s   v  i  t  i  s  "')  Ont. 

The  reference  of  this  to    E  .    vitis    seems  to  be  an  error,  [see 

the  following]  and  the  description  is  not  greatly  unlike  the  galls 

of  the  well  known  Phylloxera    vastatrix   (an  Aphid), 

though  more  slender  than  the  latter  usually  are. 

Vitis  vinifera  (grapevine) 

160  An  erineum  on  the  under  side  of  the  leaf,  causing  a  swell- 
ing above.  Trichomes  simple.  The  mite  is  E  r  i  o  p  h  y  e  s  vitis 
(Landois). 

Banks  '04.     Treatise  on  Acarina,  p. 106  Cal. 

Parrott  '07.    N.Y.  Agric.  Exp.  Sta.  Bui.  283,  no.  9  (P  h  y  1  - 

1  e  r  i  u  m  vitis) 

This  is  probably  the    Erineum  (Phyllerium)  vitis    of 

Schweinitz  '34,  no.  2799  (Persoon  '22:  no.  6).  N.C.,  Pa. 

Persoon's  description   indicates  that  the  erineum   is  pinkish  and 

later  brown. 

161  A  leaf  curl,  or  warty,  greenish  elevations  on  the  upper 
surface  of  the  leaf,  entirely  smooth  on  the  inner  (under)  side; 
becoming  browned  or  reddened  wdien  old. 

horbes  1885.     14th  111.  Rep't.  p.84  111. 

Referred  doubtfully  by  Forbes  to  E  r  i  o  p  h  y  e  s  vitis,  but 
the  total  absence  of  trichomes  seems  to  distinguish  it  notably, 
moreover  the  mites  differ  somewhat. 

Vitis  sp.   (?)    (wild  grape) 

162  Forbes  reports  the  preceding  also  on  "  wild  grapes  "  in  south- 
ern Illinois,  (Garman). 


152  XKW    YORK    STATE    MUSKUM 

ADDENDA 

Trotter's  paper  in  Marccllia  2 163  (  "  Descrizione  d\  varie  galle 
deir  America  del  Xord"")  havinj;-  come  to  hand  after  the  above 
Hst  was  largely  in  type,  his  additional  forms  are  here  appended, 
references  to  the  others  having  been  incorporated  in  the  text. 
[Sec  nos.  65  and  81] 

Acer  leucoderme  (  wliite-bark  maple ) 

163  An  erincum  in  scattered  patches  mostly  on  the  under  sur- 
face of  the  leaf  and  slightly  dimpled,  with  a  corresponding  faint 
discoloration  above.  Trichomes  same  as  those  of  K  .  p  u  r  - 
])  u  r  a  s  c  e  n  s  (i.  e.  capitate). 

Trotter  '03,  p.64.  no.  2  Ga. 

This  seems  to  be  of  the  same  general  type  as  our  no.  14. 

164  Slender  pouch-galls  on  the  upper  side  of  the  leaf. 

Trotter  '03.  ])f\^,  no.  i.  fig.  i  Ga. 

Pruljably  referable  to  the  work  of  1^  r  i  o  ])  h  y  c  s  a  c  e  r  i  c  o  1  a ; 
see  our  no.  17. 

Fagus  americana  (ferruginea)    (American  beech) 
164J/  A    sj)arse.    somewhat    dimpled    erineum.    of   a    rosy    or 
vinose  color,  on  the  under  side  of  the  leaf,  with  a  corresponding 
discoloration     abo\e.       'J'richomes     unusually     large,     strongly 
capitate. 

Trotter  '03.  \)/)C),  no.   13.  fig.  <■) 
Referred    doul)tfull\-   to    our    no.    ^5.   but    ])resents    some    striking 
difi'erences. 

Hicoria  pecan   (  pecan) 
( "  .1  r  \  ,1    c  1  1  i  \  a  f  f  0  r  m  i  s 
163   A    narrow    inroljing    of    the    leaf-edges,    especially    toward 
the  base;  within   witli   ridges,  and   tufts  of  hair. 

'J"r(jtler  '03,  p.^5.  no  A.  fig.  5  i\y. 

Liquidambar  styraciflua   (sweet -gum) 
l(>(>  .\  tawny  or  brown  erineum  on   tlie  under  >ide  ol   tlie  leaf 
close  to  tlu'  petioU'.  in  the  aiigle>  between  the  \eins.     Trichomes 
simple,  cylinilrie.  acunnnati-. 

Trotter  '03.  ]).(>(>,  uo.    14  .\.G. 

Quercus  palustris   (>wamp  (»ak) 
i(>'/    .\n  erineum,  niosth    itn   ihv  under  ^iiK'  of  the  \c;i\,  in   tlie 
angles  of  the  \eins  and  also  sprc-ading  along  tlu-m.     (Olor  ashen. 
Trichomes   sinipb-,   numerous,   cylindrical,  grouped    in   tufts. 

'l"rottt-r  '03.  p. 71,  no.  ji,=^.  Wi:;.   13,   13a  Teini. 


KEI'ORr    OI-     rilK    STATK    i:.\T()M()L( )( IIS  T    I907  I  53 

Quercus  texana   ( 'I'cxan  red  oak) 

168  Same  as  tlie  preceding. 

Trotter  "03.  p. 71.  no.  39  Tenn. 

Quercus  velutina   (black  oak) 

169  Same  as  the  two  preceding. 

Trotter  '03,  p. 72,  no.  43  N.C. 

The  description  indicates  a  form  somewhat  different  from  any 
on  oak  known  to  us;  compare  our  no.  117  for  differences. 

Sorbus  americana  (American  mountain  ash) 
P  i  r  u  .s    americana 

170  Leaf-blister,  ascribed  provisionally  to  E  r  i  o  p  h  y  e  s 
p  y  r  i  .     [See  our  no.  107] 

Trotter  '03,  p.67,  no.  17  N.C. 

E.  pyri  has  been  reported  on  mountain  ash  (Sorbus 
a  u  c  u  p  a  r  i  a)   in  Europe.     [See  Parrott  '07] 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

The  abbreviated  system  of  reference  has  been  used  in  the  list 
only  for  the  oft-quoted  papers  mentioned  in  the  introductory  para- 
graphs, but  for  convenience  the  complete  list  of  references  is  here 
given. 

W.     H.     ASH  MEAD 

Ashmead  1879  Injurious   and    Beneficial    Insects    Found   on    the    Orange 
Trees  of  Florida.     Canadian  Entomologist,  11:159,  160 

NATHAN    RANKS 

Banks    1904    A    Treatise   on    the    Acarina.      U.    S.    National    Museum    Pro- 
ceedings  1382.     28:1-114 

1905    Descriptions    of    some    new    mites.      Entomological    Society    of 

Washington  Proceedings,  7:141 


1907     A   Catalogue   of    the    .Acarina.      V.    S.    Xational    Museum    Pro- 
ceedings 1553.     32:595-625 

WILLIAM     BKUTEXM  ULLER 

Beutenmiiller    1892    Catalogue    of    Gall-pro(hicing    Insects.      .American    Mu- 
seum  Bulletin   4:278 

1904  The  Insect  Galls  of  New  York  City.     .American  Museum  Journal 


4:124 


154  ^'I^W    YORK    STATE    MUSF^UM 

EDWARD    T.    CONNOLD 

Connold  1901   British  Vegetal)le  Galls.     Hntcliinsnn   &  Co.,  London 

MELVILLE    THrKSTON    COOK 

Cook  1902,  1904  Galls  and  Insects  Producing  Thorn.     Ohio  Naturalist,  2: 
263  78;  4:115 

1904  Insect    Galls    of    Indiana.      Indiana    Department   of    Geology, 

Annual  Report,  29  :8oi-62 

E.     PORTER     FELT 

Felt  1907  Insects  Affecting  Park  and  Woodland  Trees.     N.  Y.  State  Mu- 
seum Memoir  8,  2:619-20,  630-31,  633-34,  7i3,  725,  745,  755 

HARRISON    CARMAN 

Carman   1883  The    Phytopti    and    Other    Injurious    Plant    IMites.      Ento- 
mologist of  Illinois,  Annual  Kepurt,   i->:i-'3  27 

1892  American   Pliytoptucecidii.     P.syche,  6:241 

II.    A.    HACEN 

Hagen  1885  Collection    of    Phytoptocedia.      Canadian    Entomologist,    17: 
21-29 

TENNYSON    D.    JARVIS 

Jarvis   1907  Insect  Galls  of  Ontario.     Entomological  Society  of  Ontario, 
Annual  Report,  37:56-72 

1908  Additional   Insect  Galls  of  Ontario.     Entomological  Society 

of  Ontario,  Annual  Report,  38:85-94 

\V.    A.    KELLERMAN    AND   W.   T.    SWINCLE 

Kellerman    &    Swingle    1888    New    Si)ccies   of    Kansas   Fungi.     Journal    of 

Myc<dogy,  4  'M 

J.     A.     l.INTNER 

Lintner    1889  in  N.  Y.  State  Museum  Annual  Rei)c)rt,  42:303 

1896  Phytoptus  ?  pruni   (Amerl).     N.  Y.  State   Museum  Annual 

Report,   50:318,  350 

ipR    IKANZ     LdEW 

Loew    1885    Ui-her  iieuc  und  .srlicii  hckannU-    i'liyt<i|.|.u-cci(licn  ;   Verhandlung 
dir  k.k.  /onldgische  holanisclu'  (icscllscli.ift   in   Wicn    (Vienna),     p. 151    70 

A.     N  \l  l.l'A 

Nalepa   iS<,,S  luiophyidac  ( I'liytoptidac  )   in  "  Das    riiinnitJi,"  I.iif.  4:8 

r.    J.    I'ARKOTI 

Parrott   1907  The  Ai)i)le  and   iVar  Mites.     N.  Y.  .Agricultural  E.xi)erinu-nt 
Station   Bulletin  283 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATIC    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  1 55 

CHAKLKS   II.   PECK 

Peck  1869  in  N.  Y.  State  Museum  Annual  Report,  22:101 

C.    II.    PEKSOON 

Persoon  1822  Mycologia  Europaca,  p.  2 

C.    V.    RILEY 

Riley  1870  in  American  F.ntomology  and  Botany,  2:339 

JOHN    A.    RYDER 

Ryder  1879  A  probable  new  species  of  phytoptus  or  gall  mite.  American 
Naturalist,   13:704 

LOUIS    D.WID    DE    SCHWEINITZ 

Schweinitz  1834  Synopsis  of  North  American  Fungi.  American  Philo- 
sophical Society  Transactions,  4:289 

HENRY    SHIMER 

Shimer  1869  Descriptions  of  Two  Acarians  bred  from  the  White  Maple. 
American   Entomological   Society  Transactions,  2:319 

A.    TROTTER 

Trotter  1903  Dcscrizione  di  varie  gallc  dell'  America  del  Nord.  IMarccllia 
2 :  63-75 

B.    D.    WALSH 

Walsh  1864,  1867  On  the  Insects,  Coleopterous,  llymenoptcrous  and 
Dipterous  Inhabiting  the  Galls  of  Certain  Species  of  Willow.  Entomologi- 
cal Society  of  Philadelphia  Proceedings,  3:543-644;  6:223-88 


Appendix     C 

RE1\JRT   OF   THE   EXTOMOIJ JCilC   FIELD   STATION 

CONDUCTED  AT  OLD    FORGE,   N.  Y.,  IN 

THE   S CALMER   OF   1905 


JAM1-:S  G.  NKl'DHAM 

In  accordance  with  instructions  from  the  State  Entomologist  I 
proceeded  to  Old  F^orge,  N.  \.  at  ihc  midille  of  June  U)05  to  con- 
tinue the  stud}-  of  aquatic  insects  and  their  relation  to  the  food 
of  fishes,  that  was  begun  at  Saranac  Inn  in  1900.  Through  the 
cooperation  and  courtesy  of  the  New  ^'ork  State  Forest,  Fish  and 
(jame  Commission,  lalxirator}-  ([uarlers  were  so(in  provided  In 
the  Old  F^orge  hatchery  and  a  good  collecting  boat  was  placed  at 
my  disposal.  I  was  again  fortunate  in  having  an  experienced 
and  capable  collaborator  in  the  person  of  Dr  C.  r>etten  who.  while 
giving  special  attention  to  collecting  and  rearing  caddis  flies, 
took  a  large  part  in  all  the  other  work  of  the  season. 

To  Mr  Henry  Davidson  who  was  in  charge  of  the  hatchery,  and 
to  .Mrs  Davidson,  we  wt're  in'l'.'l)tc(l  for  much  information  an  I  assist- 
ance, and  for  the  kindly  and  helpful  interest  they  took  in  our  work. 
.Mr  .\.  C.  Chnrrh,  wliose  house  adjoins  the  hatchery,  very  kindly 
placed  a  convenient  dark  room  at  our  (lis])osal.  The  friendly  in- 
terest of  the  people  of  (  )1<1  lM)rge,  the  good  collecting  grounds  near 
at  haiul,  the  varied  and  interesting  fauna,  and,  during  a  fair  propor- 
tion of  the  time,  pleasant  weather  for  outdoor  work,  all  joined  to 
tuake  the  field  season  of  1905  (June  15 -.August  20)  very  pleasant 
and  fairly  i)roductive  of  good  results.  X'isits  to  our  station,  for 
the  purpose  of  insi)ecting  our  work  and  of  collecting  iti  the  field 
with  us.  were  made  by  Dr  I'elt.  by  As^stanl  State  Fjitomologist 
.Mr  \).  W.  ^^.nng  and  by  the  late  lamented  State  Zoologist.  I  )r  \\ 
C.  I'aulmii'r.  whose  untimel\  (Katli  has  removed  from  service  a 
most  capable  student  of  the    fanna  of  our  State. 

The  work  done  by  us  was  all  in  continuation  of  that  done  before 
and  already  re])()rted  u])on  in  i'.nlletins  4j.(>X  and  S'.oi  ihisnniseum. 
Dr  r.etten  gave  his  chief  attention  to  collecting  and  to  rearing 
caddis  (ly  larvae  and  was  very  successful  in  that  work.    The  results 


KKl'ORT    OF    THE    STATK    KXTOMOLOGIST    I907  I57 

of  his  study  of  these  insects  are  reserved  for  pubHcation  in  a  sepa- 
rate bulletin.  I  studied  mainly  stone  flies.  The  results  of  my  work 
on  this  group  I  have  reserved  for  a  future  bulletin.  The  largest 
present  gaps  in  the  knowledge  of  the  immature  stages  of  aquatic 
insects  will  be  filled  when  these  two  groups  are  reported  upon ;  but 
since  these  are  omitted  from  present  consideration,  it  is  only  some 
supplementary  studies  the  results  of  which  are  included  in  the 
present  brief  report ;  namely,  some  additions  to  our  knowledge  of 
Ephemeridae  and  Diptera  and  some  new  studies  of  the  food  and 
foraging  grounds  of   fishes. 

Localities   and   methods 

Old  Forge,  as  is  well  known,  is  situated  at  the  outlet  of  the  Fulton 
chain  of  lakes.  It  has  about  the  same  altitude  as  Saranac  Inn  (a 
little  more  than  1700  feet)  and  is  like  the  latter  place  in  being 
surrounded  by  low  densely  wooded  mountains  and  hills  with  lakes 
and  ponds  occupying  valleys  between ;  but  it  dififers  in  some  minor 
particulars  affecting  its  fauna.  It  is  on  the  St  Lawrence  side  of 
the  Adirondack  drainage  system,  while  Saranac  Inn  is  on  the  Cham- 
plain  side  [sec  accompanying  map].  It  is  at  the  outlet  of  a  chain 
of  lakes  where  a  small  river  breaks  into  rapid  descent  over  rocky 
beds,  while  Saranac  Inn  is  at  the  head  of  a  similar  chain  where 
streams  are  slow  and  sinuous,  with  sandy  beds  and  sphagnum  bor- 
dered banks.  The  differences  in  fauna  are  not  very  marked.  Old 
Forge  is  richer  in  the  species  that  live  in  rapidly  flowing  water, 
having  an  abundance  of  stone  flies  and  current-inhabiting  caddis 
flies.  Saranac  Inn  is  richer  in  lake  and  pond  species,  especially  in 
dragon  flies.  We  collected  chiefly  from  Moose  river  and  Old  Forge 
pond  because  of  their  proximity  to  our  laboratory,  and  from  Bald 
Mountain  pond  and  Beaver  Meadow  brook  because  of  their  very 
fine  faunas.  The  characteristics  of  our  collecting  grounds  are 
worthy  of  more  detailed  statement. 

Moose  river.  The  hatchery  being  located  directly  upon  the 
bank  of  Moose  river  [])1.  4I  and  a  stone's  throw  below  Old  Forge 
pond,  we  naturally  visited  these  holies  of  water  most  frequently. 
Moose  river  was  disappoint'ng.  ( )ften  in  passing  on  the  old  Adiron- 
dack railway  I  had  seen  its  dark  waters  dashing  over  the  rocks  in 
its  channel  and  had  imagined  it  would  be  a  paradise  of  stone  flies; 
and  such  it  may  have  been  in  times  past,  but  since  the  construction 
of  the  dam  and  controlling  works  at  the  outlet  of  Old  Forge  pond, 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Map    I      DrainiiKL-   map  of    the   A<liriiiulacks 
r.akrs:      I  Ka<|ucltc;   i  Long:   3  Tiippcr;   4  Nc-ha-sa-nc;   5  Cranberry;   (>  Upper  Saranai;   7  St    KckIs; 
H  Kainb'iw;   c;  Placid;    10  Schroon;   11  Pulton  Chain 


REPORT    OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  1 59 

its  volume  is  manipulated  in  the  interests  of  the  mills  lower  down  in 
its  course.  Water  is  now  high,  now  low ;  and  when  it  is  suddenly 
lowered  (often  reduced  to  isolated  pools  with  barely  a  trickling 
streamlet  between  them,  as  I  saw  it  in  July  and  August)  the  rocks 
are  left  high  and  dry,  and  such  delicate  aquatic  organisms  as  stone 
fly  nymphs  die  of  evaporation.  I  found  such  animals  chiefly  in  the 
small  side  streams.  The  fauna  of  the  river  itself  between  this  dam 
and  the  lower  tributaries  is  mainly  reduced  to  such  forms  as  live  in 
the  bottom  pools.  I  found  the  rocks  in  the  channel  of  the  stream  itself 
not  less  barren  of  life  than  was  the  artificial  retaining  wall  behind 
the  hatchery  [shown  in  pi.  4].  Trap  lanterns  set  out  back  of  the 
hatchery  at  this  place  attracted  few  insects  besides  midges  and 
crane  flies  and  these  probably  came  from  pools  of  the  stream,  or 
from  wet  places  in  the  surrounding  woods.  However,  I  maintained 
all  summer  with  somewhat  better  results,  a  trap  lantern  at  a  place 
half  a  mile  farther  down  stream  on  the  west  side  of  the  town  at  a 
ix)int  convenient  to  the  cottage  (Camp  Sakheywey)  in  which  I 
spent  the  summer.  Here  the  lantern  attracted  numerous  May  flies 
(among  them  the  only  specimens  of  Ephemera  seen)  and  big  species 
of  caddis  flies  (Phryganea  and  Neuronia).  Along  shore  on  the 
deeper  side  of  the  river  below  this  place  indifferent  fishing  was 
indulged  in  by  some  of  the  natives.  I  saw  only  chubs,  suckers  and 
bullheads  taken  by  them. 

Old  Forge  pond  [map  2,  p].  Neither  is  this  body  of  water 
in  a  state  of  nature.  By  the  building  of  the  dam  its  out- 
lines have  been  altered  and  its  depth  has  been  increased.  The 
water  front  of  Old  Forge  is  here,  and  the  shore  along  the  town 
is  lined  with  wharves  and  all  the  other  shores  are  dotted  with 
cottages.  Wintergreen  point,  which  projects  boldly  from  the 
northward  shore,  directly  in  front  of  the  town,  has  been  stripped 
of  its  forests  to  open  a  vista  up  the  channel  toward  the  chain  of 
lakes  in  the  distance.  Nevertheless,  the  level  01  the  water  is 
fairly  constant  now,  and  in  the  less  frequented  portions  condi- 
tions are  quite  natural  and  the  life  of  its  waters  is  very  little  dis- 
turbed. The  main  path  toward  the  lakes  of  the  Fulton  chain  is 
so  traversed  by  pleasure  craft  of  all  sizes  that  nowhere  else  may 
one  get  a  better  view  of  the  procession  of  pleasure  seekers  to  the 
great  "North  Woods"  [pi.  5].  Still  in  the  coves  which  receive 
the  currents  of  the  mountain  brooks  entering  on  either  side  of  the 
channel  there  is  abundance  and  variety  of  both  plant  and  animal 
hfe.     At  the  hatchery  pier  near  the  outlet,  there  is  an  extensive 


i6o 


NKW    YORK    STATE    .MUSEUM 


growth  of  submerged  water  weed  with  several  pretty  patches  of 
pickerel  weed  standing  in  adjacent  shoals.  Here  the  bottom  is  deep 
and  muddy  and  here  bullheads,  sunfish  and  horned  dace  abound  and 
small  boys  angle  for  them  or  catch  the  smaller  of  them  in  wire 
minnow  traps.  Schools  of  the  re  1-bellied  minncnv  may  be  seen 
about  the  edge  of  the  beds  of  vegetation  or  darting  into  the 
shadow  of  the  few  great  rocks  that  lie  here. 


Map   2     The   vicinily  of    Old   For«e 
o  01<i  ForKc;  t>  Old  ForKC  pond;  </  Lily  pond;  r  Bald  Mounlain  pon 


Meadow  biook; 
Fulton   chain 


movintain; 


Twin  ponds;  /   He: 
,  2,3,  .1  the  first  four  lake 


/\t  the  south  end  of  the  ])<>\\<\,  where  a  spring  is  said  to  enter 
below  the  water  line,  there  is  much  angling  for  s])eckled  trout,  but 
few  trout  are  taken  there,  and  such  as  I  saw  taken  were  small  and 
lean.  .Some  of  the  coves  that  receive  spring  brooks  entering  from 
the  south  farther  up  tlu'  channel  yielded  an  occasional  fine  string  of 
spcckle<l  tidut.  (  )iK'  of  \hv>v  coves  in  which  we  did  considerable 
collecting,  abnnt  a  mile  eastward  from  (  )ld  I-Orge  on  the  south 
side  of  the  channel  is  tlu'  one  whieh  drains  the  western  of  the  twin 
ponds.  Cirowing  u])on  the  submerged  hemlock  tops  in  this  cove 
were  some  c»f  the  most  remarkable  growths  of  fresh  water  sponges 
that  I  ever  saw.  ( ireat  masses  [pi.  (;,  fig.  J 1  varying  between 
crustaceous  and  columnar,  of  a  vivid  green  color,  were  to  be  seen 


Ui:i'OKT    OF    TIIK    STATE    EXTOMOLOCIIST    H)Oy  161 

everywhere  on  the  larger  branches  In-  one  looking  down  into  the 
water  from  a  boat.  This  cove  also  had  the  usual  fringe  of  fallen 
tree  trunks  lying  half  submerged,  decked  out  to  the  water  line  with 
sundew.  In  the  little  side  pools  were  beds  of  native  callas.  Still 
further  back  was  an  almost  impenetrable  tangle  of  fallen  moss- 
grown  boughs  intermingled  with  ferns,  and  wherever  dry  enough 
the  ground  was  overspread  with  broad  shining  green  mats  of  bunch- 
berry.     In  these  thickets  mosquitos  and  caddis  flies  swarmed. 

Spongilla  flies,  so  abundant  in  the  hatchery  at  Saranac  Inn,  were 
rarely  seen  in  the  Old  Forge  hatchery,  but  their  larvae  were  found 
in  abundance  in  the  osteoles  of  these  living  sponge  masses,  and  their 
cocoons  were  spun  thickly  about  the  timbers  of  the  controlling  works 
at  the  dam.  A  trap  lantern  was  maintained  all  summer  at  the 
hatchery  pier  and  captured  swarms  of  little  May  flies  of  the  genus 
Caenis,  swarms  of  midges,  swarms  of  caddis  flies  and  occasionally 
a  large  number  of  the  pale  green  crane  fly  E  r  i  o  p  t  e  r  a 
chlorophylla. 

Since  the  hatchery  received  its  water  supply  directly  through  a 
short  water  pipe  from  the  dam,  it  is  rather  surprising  that  so  many 
of  the  May  flies,  and  the  spongilla  flies  common  in  the  pond  did 
not  appear  commonly  in  the  building  as  at  Saranac  Inn.  Only 
Ephemerella,  Hydropyschidae  and  midges  emerged  in  considerable 
numbers  from  the  hatchery  troughs.  Other  May  flies  (Siphlurus 
Liul  Heptagenia)  settled  often  in  large  numbers  upon  the  outside 
of  the  building. 

Two  Entomostraca  occurred  in  such  numbers  within  the  hatch- 
ery that  they  could  not  escape  observation.  One  of  these  was  the 
common  holarctic,  S  i  d  a  c  r  y  s  t  a  1 1  i  n  a  ,  which  settled  upon  the 
smooth  surface  of  our  white  earthenware  bowls,  when  these  were 
left  standing  in  the  troughs.  They  adhered  to  them  so  securely 
by  a  gelatinous  secretion  as  not  to  be  removed  by  a  gentle  washing. 
The  other  was  the  remarkable  humpbacked  H  o  1  o  p  e  d  i  u  m 
g  i  b  b  e  r  u  m  ,  which  for  a  month  following  the  middle  of  June 
accumulated  in  such  masses  upon  the  brass  screens  at  the  foot  of 
the  fish  troughs  that  it  could  be  scraped  up  from  them  in  handfuls. 
The  hatchery  workmen  first  called  my  attention  to  these.  Misled 
by  their  copious  gelatinous  envelops  and  their  spherical  form,  the 
workmen  not  unnaturally  thought  them  to  be  some  kind  of  eggs. 

On  the  bowls  with  Sida  there  occurred  in  small  numbers  curious 
little  Oligochaete  worms  with  long  proboscis  that  I  took  to 
belong  to  the  genus  Stylaria. 


l62  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Bald  Mountain  pond  [map  2,  r\.  This  pond  was  the  richest 
in  aquatic  hfe  of  any  single  body  of  water  about  OkV  Forge, 
but  it  was  three  miles  distant,  up  hill  most  of  the  way,  and  there 
was  no  boat  upon  it  nor  shelter  near  it.  Its  banks  were  difficult 
of  access  and  built  on  treacherous  sphagnum  where  footings 
were  very  insecure.  But  its  attractiveness  was  so  great  that 
we  hauled  a  boat  to  it  and  spent  several  days  upon  it;  and  we 
returned  to  it  a  number  of  times  afterward,  by  boat  to  First 
lake  and  a  climb  up  the  hill  to  the  ledge  where  it  nestles  against 
the  foot  of  the  mountain  from  which  it  takes  its  name. 

It  is  but  a  narrow  strip  of  black  water  less  than  half  a  mile 
long,  a  mere  dilation  of  the  mountain  brook  that  spreads  out  and 
fills  a  gutter  in  the  rocky  slope.  From  the  pond,  the  brook  emerges 
again  to  descend  in  a  succession  of  cascades  and  numerous  windings 
in  and  out  among  fern  clad  boulders,  until  it  enters  the  second 
lake  of  the  Fulton  chain  through  a  miniature  bottom  land  marsh. 

From  the  side  of  the  pond  the  long  mountain  ridge  rises  steep 
and  forest  clad,  and  at  either  end  there  is  a  miniature  sphagnum 
meadow  decked  with  orchids  and  cotton  grass  and  bordered  by  pale 
green  tamaracks,  backed  by  dark  hemlocks  and  balsam  firs.  Lum- 
bering operations  have  left  the  tops  of  foiled  hemlocks  lying  in  its 
borders  half  submerged.  The  floating  lea\cs  of  yellow  water  lilies 
thickly  cover  its  surface  wherever  the  water  is  not  too  deep  for 
the  long  stems  to  reach  bottom. 

In  these  lily  beds  there  was  a  reniarkabU-  abmidauce  of  the  red 
newt  (D  i  e  m  y  c  t  y  1  u  s  v  i  r  i  d  e  s  c  e  n  s)  ;  a  dozen  of  them  could 
be  seen  at  once  almost  anywhere  on  looking  down  among  the 
tangled  stems.  I  captured  a  number  of  them  and  made  an  exami- 
nation of  their  food  and  found  that  they  had  all  been  feeding 
exclusively  on  a  small  bivalve  mollusk  that  was  common  upon  the 
pond  bottom. 

Almost  equally  noteworth)-  U>\-  a1)un(Iaiu-e  (as  well  as  for  the  size 
attained)  were  the  big  red  leeches  (11a  e  mops  is  grand  is) 
which  could  be  seen  undulating  through  the  water  anywhere  along 
sh.ore.  'i'his  j)ond  has  been  famed  for  its  trout  fishing  and  it  is 
1(  eally  rciM.rUd  that  the  troul  iwd  UvvW  on  these  leeches.  We 
were  desirous,  therefore,  of  verifying  this  niM.rt  b\-  a  study  of  the 
trout  foofl.  and  the  hatchery  staff  made  an  clTnit  tu  takt'  tionl  f«»r 
examination  and  used  both  line  and  seines  for  tiiat  purpose,  but 
without  success.  No  trout  were  f>btained,  nor  did  wc  see  any  sign 
that  trout  were  present   in  tin;  jxind.      i'crhaps  it  is  now  fished  out. 


REPORT   OF   THE   STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  163 

At  the  outlet  of  the  pond  (the  spot  shown  at  the  right  hand  ot 
the  picture  in  pi.  6)  was  a  bit  of  open  water  of  wonderful  beauty 
and  interest  whether  one  looked  across  its  surface  or  down  into  its 
clear  depths.  A  bed  of  callas  fringed  it,  backed  by  a  zone  of  sedges 
and  clumps  of  alders.  On  the  peaty  bottom  that  was  thickly 
sprinkled  with  brown  plant  stems,  the  agile  nymphs  of  the  May 
fly  Siphlurus  darted  hither  and  thither  and  caddis  fly  larvae  in 
abundance  dragged  and  tumbled  their  big  cobhouse  cases  about. 
Great  loose  masses  of  disintegrating  alga-tinged  gelatine,  left  over 
from  the  spring  hatching  of  salamander  eggs,  draped  all  the 
branches  of  one  large  hemlock  top,  while  a  remarkably  fine  growth 
of  fresh-water  sponge  of  vivid  green  color  covered  another.  It 
enveloped  all  the  twigs  and 
ran  out  in  slender  fingerlike 
processes  beyond  their  tips, 
and  these  were  beautifully 
displayed  in  the  still  water. 
On  the  sixth  of  July  a  few 
winter  buds  were  already  de- 
veloped on  the  basal  parts  of 
some  of  these  sponge  masses, 

and  by  the  aid  of  the   spicules       ^.^  ^  ^^^  fresh-water  sponge  HeteromTeni 

developed  in  their  walls  I  was        ry.ieri.  on  hemlock  tops 
able  to  determine  that  the  sponge  isHeteromyenia   ryderi,. 
a  species  not  uncommon  in  the  east  Atlantic  States  but  one  that 
rarely  shows  such  luxuriance  of  growth. 

My  notes  on  dragon  flies  farther  on  will  show  that  some  fine 
Cordulines  were  here,  and  Aeschnas.  Dr  Betten  carried  back  to 
the  hatchery  and  reared  many  caddis  fly  larvae  taken  from  this 
pond.  He  visited  the  pond  and  set  out  trap  lanterns  on  several 
evenings,  but  in  each  case  the  chilly,  damp  night  air  of  so  common 
occurrence  in  the  Adirondacks,  settled  down  at  nightfall  and  his 
catches  were  exceedingly  light.  In  other  particulars  than  those 
mentioned  the  fauna  of  this  pond  seemed  quite  fairly  comparable 
to  that  of  other  small  bodies  of  water  in  this  region.  There  were 
a  few  large  diving  beetles,  and  a  few  exceedingly  small  ones ;  a 
few  back  swimmers,  many  water  boatmen,  a  few  Ranatras,  a  few 
whirl-a-gig  beetles  and  very  many  amphipod  crustaceae  (Gam- 
marus)  of  large  size. 

Beaver  Meadow  brook  [map  2,  t].  This  delightful  woodland 
brook  enters  Old  Forge  pond  from  the  southward  about  half  a 


164  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

mile  distant  from  the  hatchery.  On  it  are  located  the  new  fish 
ponds,  a  few  hundred  yards  up  the  glen  from  its  mouth.  Here 
the  young  trout  are  kept  in  the  feeding  troughs  during  the 
summer  after  the  water  in  the  hatchery  has  gotten  too  warm  for 
them,  and  here  in  pens  made  in  the  brook  itself,  a  number  of 
adult  trout  are  pastured ;  they  feed  in  part  at  least  on  the  natural 
forage  the  brook  affords.  Above  the  ponds  for  a  little  way  the 
course  of  the  brook  is  steep  and  tortuous  and  its  channel  has 
been  undisturbed.  It  wiiids  in  and  out  among  moss-grown 
boulders,  sweeps  over  little  falls  [pi.  7]  that  are  draped  with 
long  moss  and  lies  still  in  little  hollows  that  are  but  half  exposed 
to  the  sky  above.  Here  was  a  most  excellent  collecting  ground 
for  aquatic  insects,  and  here  were  spent  very  many  pleasant 
hours  of  field  work.  Here  we  set  our  tent  trap  [pi.  8],  to  be 
described  farther  on,  and  preserved  its  captures  regularly  for  a 
month. 

The  Adirondack  League  Club  road  to  Little  Moose  lake  crosses 
the  brook  about  as  far  above  the  fish  ponds  as  these  are  above 
the  shore  line,  and  this  crossing  is  an  excellent  collecting  ground. 
Butterflies  and  syrphus  flies  swarm  here,  about  a  few  roadside 
flower  clumps.  Along  the  roadway  some  fine  dragon  flies  were 
found  coursing  back  and  forth  :  it  was  here  I  took  the  only  speci- 
men I  have  ever  seen  alive  of  Ciomphus  ventricosus, 
adding  another  to  the  list  of  species  belonging  to  the  fauna  of 
the  State.  Over  a  pool  just  above  the  bridge  and  under  a  leafy 
canopy  that  is  held  aloft  by  two  slender  birch  trunks,  little  white 
and  brown  May  flics,  an  1  midges,  and  crane  flies  congregated  and 
danced  in  the  air  up  and  down  >>\  late  afternoons,  and  pale  green 
stone  flics  were  to  be  seen  running  over  the  witch  hazel  leaves. 

AlK)ve  the  road  the  descent  of  the  l)rook  is  more  gentle  and  soon 
its  channel  widens  (jut  into  the  "  I'caver  Meadow."  It  is  a  bit  of 
I'pland  marsh  apparently  formed  al)i>ve  I'.eaver  dams  in  aboriginal 
limes.  Its  level  floor  is  built  on  s])hagmim.  it  is  dotted  with 
pitcher  plants  and  plumed  with  cotton  grass  and  ornamented  in 
some  of  the  wetter  spots  by  abundant  yellow  llabenarius.  It  is 
not  a  wet  marsh  for  the  most  part  and  it  is  being  invaded  by  border- 
ing shrubbery  and  scattered  pale  tamaracks,  and  it  is  traversed  by 
the  sinuous  alder-bordered  brook,  which  here  glides  along  over  a 
level  lK)ttom  that  is  thickly  strewn  witli  brown  peaty  marsh 
and  silt.  Springs  from  the  marsh  and  from  f)thcr  lesser  marshes 
of  similar  origin  situated   farther  up  on  the  sides  of  Little  Moose 


REPORT    OF    THE   STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    1907 


165 


mountain  feed  the  stream  and  supply  the  fish  ponds  with  cool 
water.  The  stream  is  swollen  after  every  freshet  and  then  it 
gathers  much  silt,  which  gives  a  great  deal  of  trouble  by  clogging 
the  screens  in  the  fish  troughs.  Of  the  insects  collected  from  the 
stream  within  the  meadow,  only  May  fly  nymphs  of  the  genus 
Leptophlebia  and  caddis  fly  larvae  of  a  number  of  wooden  case 
building  species  were  foinid  in  any  considerable  abundance. 

Another  local- 
ity at  which  we 
did  some  collect- 
ing was  Lily  pond 
[map  2,  q],  a 
shallow  pond  in 
the  woods  a  mile 
north  of  the 
hatchery,  reached 
by  n  u  m  e  r  o  u  s 
roads  and  trails, 
each     one     worse 

than  tllP  other  ^'^-  ^  Trap  lantern  used  at  Old  Forge  (trap  shown  in  section) 
liidii        iiic       <ji,iici  .       ^  ,^^  ordinary  acetylene  bicycle  lamp,  attached  by  its  own  clamp 

\A/a  moAp  cf^-iTf^r^]  to  the  wooden  arm  b,  which  carries  also  the  cloth  leader  c,  and  is 
vv  e   uiduc   scvci  di      .^^g,f  j^j^jjg^  ^^  jj^g  p^^^  ^.  ^  -g  ^j^g  jj.^p^  j^^jg  p£  ^^  Q^jgj.  ^Qj^g  Qf 

trins;  to  it  with  '-'"•  ^"'^  ^"  inner  one  cf  celluoid  g:  h  is  the  cyanide  package  in 
li  ips  HJ  iL  wiLii  jj^g  space  between  the  cones;  i  is  a  cord  and  /  a  weight  for  keep- 
great     discomfort,       '"^  ^^"^  ^^^"^^  properly  hung. 

the  way  being  difficult  and  the  mosquitos  hungry  and  exces- 
sivelv  abundant,  but  we  found  it  an  excellent  collecting  ground, 
tlie  best  for  dragon  flics  of  the  summer,  and  two  new  life  his- 
tories in  that  group,  to  be  found  in  a  subsequent  section,  were 
added  there. 

New  methods.  Under  this  heading  may  be  mentioned  the 
use  of  two  new  pieces  of  apparatus  that  were  designed  for  and 
first  used  in  the  field  work  of  1905  ;  a  new  form  of  trap  lantern, 
and  a  water  tent  trap  for  capturing  water  insects  at  transformation. 

New  form  of  trap  lantern.  The  trap  lanterns  we  used  at 
Saranac  Inn  [described  in  N.  Y.  State  Mus.  Bui.  47,  p.399]  were 
efficient,  but  they  were  large  and  cumbersome,  and  difficult  to  carry 
from  place  to  place.  I  desired  a  smaller  one  that  could  be  readily 
carried  afield,  and  set  up  and  run  anywhere.  So,  I  adopted  for 
the  lantern  part  of  it  a  small  acetylene  bicycle  lamp  and  made  a 
small  round  trap  of  tin  and  celluloid  to  attach  to  its  front,  and 
hung  out  a  leader  in  front  of  it,  as  shown  in  figure  3.  The  whole 
was  attached  to  a  light  wooden  arm,  which  could  be  quickly  fas- 


l66  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

tcned  to  any  tree  or  post  by  nailing.  The  whole  apparatus  weighed 
but  a  few  pounds.  For  transportation  the  lantern  was  removable 
from  the  arm,  and  the  leader  rolled  up  about  it. 

The  trap  consisted  of  a  truncated  cone  of  light-weight  tin  [f], 
cut  to  fit  inside  the  rim  of  the  reflector  of  the  lantern,  and  having 
three  hooks  for  attachment  that  snapped  on  over  the  outward 
projection  of  the  rim.  Within  the  tin  cone  was  another  shorter 
and  more  truncated  cone  of  celluloid  [g],  having  the  hole  at  its 
apex  large  enough  to  admit  the  largest  of  the  insects  desired  to 
be  captured.  The  two  cones  were  of  almost  equal  diameter  at 
base,  where  they  were  fastened  together  by  means  of  ordinary 
wire  paper  clips.  No  cyanide  cup  was  provided,  none  being 
necessary ;  it  was  quite  sufficient  to  place  the  cyanide  well 
wrapped  in  absorbent  paper  in  the  space  between  the  cones  on 
the  lower  side,  as  shown  at  h  in  the  fgure. 

The  leader  [c],  hung  out  in  front  in  tlie  axis  of  the  cone  of  light, 
is  of  advantage  on  two  accounts :  i  It  vastly  increases  the  area 
of  lighted  surface,  and  this,  as  is  well  known,  rather  than  the 
intensity  of  the  light,  determines  the  alluring  power  of  the  trap. 
2  The  leader  serves  as  a  convenient  alighting  place  in  front  of  the 
trap.  And  most  of  those  that  are  trapped  alight  first  upon  the 
leader,  and  then  jump  directly  into  the  celluloid  cone  and  pass 
through  the  hole  in  its  center,  into  the  cyanide  chamber.  More- 
over, swift-flying  insects,  which  would  sweep  by  a  small  trap  and 
might  not  return  again  to  it,  are  likely  to  be  arrested  by  the  leader. 
The  leader  we  made  of  thin  white  muslin. 

The  weight  shown  at  ;  in  the  figure,  and  the  cord  [/]  extend- 
ing back  therefrom  to  the  edge  of  the  trap,  arc  merely  intended 
to  keep  the  leader  properly  hung,  and  are  not  necessary  except 
when  a  breeze  is  blowing  or  when  the  cloth  is  crumpled. 

Given  proper  conditions  of  darkness  and  warmth,  this  trap  lan- 
tern works  excellently.  Most  photophilous  insects  alight  upon  the 
leader  and  pass  directly  from  it  into  the  trap  where  in  a  fevv 
seconds  the  cyanide  fumes'  quiet  them.  They  accumulate  in  a 
layer  on  the  lower  side.     This  lantern  is  waterproof. 

Let  no  one  imagine  that  even  the  best  trap  lantern  possible  will 
make  a  gwxl  catch  every  night.  The  collector  who  has  sugardl 
for  moths,  or  the  teacher  who  has  picked  up  laboratory  material 

1  It  shrrld  Ik-  irorc  ;:cnor:illy  knr:\vn  tlint  l)r,rac:c  acid  crystals  mixed  with 
pulverize]  cy.-iiiidr  oi  fxitassiiiin,  cruise  an  accelerated  cvohifinn  of  cyanide 
fumes,  resulting  in  tiie  killing  of  the  captives  more  quickly  and  the  preserva- 
tion of  the  entire  catch  in  better  condition. 


REPORT   OF   THE   STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  167 

under  street  lamps,  will  not  need  to  be  told  that  on  many  nights  even 

in  midsummer  insects  are  not  out  to  be  caught.     A  few  moths  and 

midges  may  be   expected  almost  any  kind  of  a  night,  but  warm 

iltry  still  nights  preceding  a  downpour  of  rain  are  apt  to  be  best. 

•1  the  Adirondacks  a  dampness  and  chill  often  settle  over  the  land 

'St  after  sundown,  putting  an  end  to  the  prospects  for  good  lantern 

ork  of  many  a   promising  afternoon.  .  During  our  stay  at  Old 

orge  hardly  more  than  a  half  dozen  nights  yielded  a  strictly  first- 

iass  catch  —  a  catch  of  thousands  of  specimens  and  of  scores  of 

afferent  species. 

A  tent  trap.  Quite  as  an  experiment,  and  without  expecting 
,  :iy  large  results,  we  made  a  tent  of  cheese  cloth  [the  one  shown 
111  plate  8]  and  set  it  directly  in  the  bed  of  Beaver  Meadow  brook, 
just  above  the  fish  ponds,  to  capture  and  retain  such  winged  insects 
as  might  upon  transformation  arise  from  the  surface  of  the  water 
beneath  it.  We  anticipated  that  such  insects  would  fly  or  climb 
up  to  the  roof  of  the  tent  and  remain  there,  attracted  by  the  light 
r!l)0ve,  and  we  thought  that  perhaps  some  of  them  might  be  col- 
ctcd  thence  more  easily  than  they  could  be  obtained  in  any  other 
\\  ay.     Our  expectations  were  greatly  exceeded. 

The  tent  was  made  of  cheese  cloth,  supportel  on  three  strong 

')rds.     The  cloth  was  folded  about  each  cord  and  sewed  on  the 

'.side,  so  as  to  leave  no  small  crevices  into  which  the  insects  might 

rawl  and  hide.     The  ridge  cord  was  stapled  to  the  top  of  two 

akes   [sec  pi.  8],  and  anchored  to  stones  at  each  end,  and  the 

two  enl  cords  were  carried  out  at  the  sides  and  similarly  anchored. 

The  edges  of  the  cheese  cloth  dipped  into  the  surface  of  the  water, 

•id  the  two  sides  (upstream  and  downstream)  that  felt  the  force 

oi  the  current,  were  anchored  in  place  with  stones.     Thus  secured, 

llie  tent  withstood  a  number  of  freshets  that  occurred  during  the 

month  it  was  in  operation. 

It  covered  a  water  area  six  feet  square.  The  stream  bed  here 
■  as  covereJ  with  stones  of  various  sizes,  mostly  matted  over  with 
OSS  [pi.  9.  fig.  i].  in  a  little  preliminary  collecting  we  had 
iscovcred  that  this  moss  sheltered  some  interesting  stone  fly 
'id  May  fly  nymphs',  but  we  were  not  prepared  to  anticipate 
1  at  such  numbers  of  them  as  appeared  in  the  tent  later,  could 
ctnally  be  present  there. 

The  tent  was  set  up  on  the  15th  of  August  and  maintained  in 

•;ercition   for  a  month,  its  catch  being  removed  daily,  so  long  as 

other  work  permitted.     Our  first  peep  into  it  on  the  morning  of 


l68  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

the  i6th  was  a  revelation.  Insects  of  five  ordej'S  in  astonishing 
numbers  had  transformed  beneath  it,  and  were  assembled  under 
the  ridge  cord,  waiting  to  be  picked  off.  There  were  several  square 
feet  of  Chironomidac  in  the  top,  and  stone  flics  and  crane  flics 
and  caddis  flies  and  May  flies  were  scattered  all  over  the  sides. 

We  found  the  gathering  of  all  these  specimens  no  inconsiderable 
task.  It  required  usually  more  than  an  hour's  diligent  application 
for  two  of  us  every  time.  And  this,  added  to  other  matters  we 
had  in  hand,  left  us  no  time  for  investigating  the  relations  these 
insects  bear  toward  each  other  in  the  stream  bed  before  their 
transformation.  Tiiis  account,  therefore,  of  the  insect  life  of 
Beaver  Meadow  brook  is  to  be  considered  as  a  mere  preliminary 
statement,  giving  only  such  data  as  were  obtained  with  the  aid  of 
this  tent  trap.  We  believe  that  this  trap  will  yield  quantitative 
results  within  its  proper  field  (winged  insects  with  aquatic,  larvae) 
and  that  it  is  the  first  to  be  devised  that  is  of  any  value  for  quanti- 
tative i;urp()ses.  And  wc  l)L'lievc  furthcrmnrc,  that  this  collecting 
metiiod  is  one  of  wider  applicability.  We  think,  for  instance,  that 
a  water  tent  may  be  used  for  positive  determination  of  the  breed- 
ing grouufls  of  various  kinds  of  mosquitos,  and  of  the  relative 
numbers  in  which  each  kind  is  produced. 

The  yield  of  the  winged  insects  from  this  area  six  feet  square  of 
brook  bottom  is  shown  in  the  following  table  r"^ 


^  I  have  recently  made  an  improvement  in  the  cnnstruction  of  the  ten' 
trap  —  one  that  greatly  cconnmizcs  the  labor  of  takinjj  out  the  catch.  I 
make  it  now  in  pyramidal  fi)nn  with  cptujuc  sides  supported  on  a  s.  lid 
frame,  Init  with  a  hole  at  the  tup.  over  which  I  place  a  llRht  bag  of  netting. 
The  insects  crawl  rp  into  this  l)ag,  wliich  being  detachable,  may  bo  ex- 
changed in  a  moment  for  aniJther,  and  with  all  its  onlents  inserted  into  a 
large   cyanide   buUlr. 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


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170  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Before  setting  up  this  tent  we  had  done  some  desultory  collecting 
from  the  bed  of  this  stream,  but  we  had  found  the  immature  stages 
of  only  a  few  of  the  insects  that  the  tent  trap  revealed.  We  had 
found  those  stone  fliy  and  May  fly  nymphs  that  live  amid  the  moss 
that  covers  the  submerged  stones  [see  pi.  9,  fig.  i].  This  is 
a  soil-gatherini;^  moss  that  grows  in  tufts,  so  matted  together  that 
a  bottom  layer  of  fine  sand  and  silt  is  held  closely  about  the  stone, 
even  when  it  is  exposed  to  the  wash  of  the  current.  The  stone 
flies  of  the  genus  Chloroperla  and  Leuctra  were  found  in  this  moss, 
and  the  May  flies  of  the  genus  Ephemerella.  There  were  two 
species  of  Chloroperla:  the  commpn  widely  distributed  C.  bili- 
n  e  a  t  a  Say,  and  another  larger,  apparently  undescribed  species. 
The  latter  was  less  abundant,  23  specimens  being  taken  in  the 
tent  between  July  17  and  August  2.  Both  species  climbed  up 
the  sides  of  the  tent  (the  lower  edges  of  which  dipped  into  the 
surface  all  around)  to  transform,  leaving  their  empty  skins  sticking 
to  the  cheese  cloth  anywhere  from  a  few  inches  to  a  few  feet  above 
the  surface  of  the  water. 

The  May  fly  Ephemerella  was  also  a  new  species.  It  is  described 
on  a  subsequent  page  as  E  .  d  o  r  o  t  h  e  a.  Its  nymphs  lived  down 
between  the  moss  stems  on  the  surface  of  the  soil  beds  covering 
the  stones.  The  nymphs  of  Baetis  disported  themselves  more 
openly  in  the  edges  of  the  current.  These  are  exceedingly  agile 
little  creatures.  Th6  nymphs  of  Heptagenia  clung,  as  is  their  wont, 
to  the  under  surfaces  of  bare  stones. 

The  caddis  flics  that  appeartMl  in  the  tent  wore  fewer  in  individ- 
uals but  they  represented  a  much  greater  nmnber  of  species. 
There  were  three  species  of  Ryacophilidae;  eight  of  Hydroptilidae ; 
two  of  Sericostomatidac,  and  one  of  Limnophilidae.  These  are 
all  in  Dr  Betten's  hands  and  will  be  noticed  in  his  bulletin,  now  in 
preparation,  on  New  York  Trichoptera. 

The  order  Diptcra  was  represented  by  no  less  than  nine  families, 
and  two  of  these,  the  Tipulidae  and  Chironomidae,  are  of  very 
great  importance  in  such  situations,  while  two  Psychodidae  and 
Culicidae  arc  of  .flight  importance:  this  is  not  the  type  of  aquatic 
situation  suited  to  their  dcvclo])mcnt.  In  the  Tipulidae,  the  great 
abundance  oi  three  si)ecies,  K  h  a  p  li  i  d  o  1  a  h  i  s  t  c  n  u  i  p  e  s  , 
Antocha  opalizans  and  D  i  c  r  a  n  o  m  y  i  a  d  e  f  u  n  c  t  a 
was  especially  noteworthy.  The  Tipula,  represented  by  but  two 
female  specimen*;,  remains  undetermined.  Thnse  put  inider  "  mis- 
cellaneous "   in   the  table  were    R  ii  i  p  i  d  i  a    m  a  c  u  1  a  t  a  ,  repre- 


REPORT    OF   THE   STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    1907  I7I 

sented  by  five  specimens  taken  in  August,  one  L  i  m  n  o  b  i  a 
parietina  taken  on  the  15th  of  August,  and  one  H  el  obi  a 
punctipennJs  taken  on  the  20th  of  July. 

The  black  flies  (Simuliidae)  were  doubtless  much  less  abundant 
than  they  would  have  been  if  our  tent  had  been  set  over  the  brink 
of  a  waterfall  —  the  favorite  home  of  their  larvae.  But  few 
moth  flies  (Psychodidae)  were  taken,  10  specimens  in  all,  and 
these  all  in  August.  Mosquitos  (Culicidae)  likewise  were  few, 
14  in  all,  distributed  with  considerable  regularity  over  the  entire 
month. 

Midges  (Chironomidae)  appeared  in  surprising  abundance  and 
variety.  The  full  list  of  the  species  taken  is  given  in  Dr  Johann- 
sen's  supplementary  report,  published  herewith.  The  numbers  of 
individuals  given  in  the  table,  although  very  large,  are  much  smaller 
than  they  would  have  been,  but  for  depredations  of  some  of  the 
larger  flies  (especially  Hemerodromias)  and  spiders,  which  managed 
to  find  their  way  in.  The  tent  flaps  were  folded  and  then  pinned  as 
closely  as  possible;  but  the  small  spiders,  which  came  presumably 
from  the  overhanging  boughs  of  adjacent  shrubbery,  would  get 
in,  one  or  two  of  them  almost  every  day,  and  up  in  the  angles  of 
the  tent  under  the  ridge  cord,  they  obtained  a  maximum  of  food 
with  a  minimum  of  effort.  It  was  the  more  delicate  little  pale 
species  that  suffered  most  from  these  depredators. 

The  Tabanidae  taken  in  the  tent  were  very  few :  i  specimen  of 
Chrysops  vittatus,  and  10  (in  August)  of  an  undeter- 
mined species  of  Tabanus. 

The  Empididae  were  ah  of  two  species :  Hemerodromia 
v  a  1  i  d  a  and  H.  scapularis.  These  made  themsr^'''es  very 
much  at  home  in  the  tent.  They  were  to  be  seen  .constantly  eating 
the  little  yellow  midges  of  the  genus  Orthocladius,  or  occasion- 
ally a  larger  Tanypus  or  even  a  Chironomus  as  big  as  them- 
selves. 

The  remaining  three  families  of  Diptera  were  represented  each 
by  single  species :  the  Dolichopodidae  by  Dolichopus  scopa- 
r  i  u  ?  ;  the  Scatophagidae  by  Cordylura  capillata  and 
the  Anthomyiidae  by  an  undetermined  species  of  Pegomyia. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  nearly  all  these  forms  listed  lived 
as  larvae  in  the  water  or  on  the  stones  beneath  the  tent.  There  is 
a  possibility  that  a  few  of  those  most  sparingly  represented  may 
have  found  their  way  in  as  did  the  spiders,  by  working  between 
the  flaps.     I  think  it  probable  that  some  of  the  mosquitos  followed 


172  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

US  in  when  we  entered  to  take  the  catch,  for  I  saw  one  riding  in 
on  the  back  of  Dr  Betten's  neck.  They  were  abundant  outside 
and  very  hungry,  and  during  the  hour  or  more  required  to  secure 
all  the  specimens  that  had  appeared  since  a  previous  visit,  we  did 
not  fold  and  pin  the  flaps  very  carefully.  During  the  nKmth 
about  half  a  dozen  beetles  and  about  as  many  Ilemiptera  appeared 
in  the  tent —  usually  single  specimens :  but  as  these  were  nonaquatic 
forms  such  as  were  common  in  the  surrounding  woods,  we  have 
not  listed  them  in  the  table ;  they  may  have  fallen  into  the  stream 
and  been  washed  under  the  tent  by  the  rapid  current. 

The  table  gives  the  totals  for  each  species  or  group  of  species. 
These  numbers  were  in  some  cases  a  great  surprise  to  me.  Note 
for  example,  the  number  of  specimens  of  the  stone  fly  Lcuctra. 
Our  biggest  collections  in  museums  contain  usually  but .  a  few 
specimens  of  this  genus  (if  they  have  any  at  all).  I  had  in  1905 
accumulated  in  my  own  collection,  after  several  years  of  collecting 
stone  flies,  about  a  score  of  specimens.  Here  on  the  12th  of 
August  we  took  150  specimens  from  the  tent  at  one  picking,  and 
it  yielded  351  specimens  in  all. 

The  grand  total  of  3844  specimens  represents  the  yield  in  adult 
insects  of  six  feet  square  of  this  brook  for  a  month.  The  mile  of 
this  little  stream  that  was  of  quite  similar  character  certainly  fur- 
nishes a  quantity  of  insects  that,  however  weighed,  measured,  or 
estimated,  is  very  considerable. 

We  deeply  regretted  and  still  regret  that  there  remained  no  time 
to  us  for  investigating  the  ecological  relations  of  these  forms  in 
the  brook  bed;  but  we  believe  that  the  facts  of  the  table  justify 
the  large  amount  of  labor  that  was  necessary  to  collect,  preserve, 
study  and  classify  all  these  specimens. 

Studies  on  fish  food 
Out  of  the  weed  patch  l)y  the  hatchi-ry  wharf,  where,  as  already 
noted,  we  collected  oftcncst  and  where  we  knew  the  life  conditions 
best,  we  took  a  number  of  conunon  fishes  for  the  purpose  of  study- 
ing their  food.  These  bckjngerl  to  the  three  s])ecics  that  appeared  to 
be  most  common  there;  the  common  bullhead,  Ameiurus 
n  e  b  u  1  o  s  u  s  ;  the  common  sunfish,  11^  u  p  o  m  o  t  i  s  g  i  b  b  o  s  u  s 
anrl  the  rcd-bclHed  mimiow,  Chrosomus  erythrogaster. 
Food  determinations  were  made  by  the  only  reliable  method  yet 
devised  —  tlie  microscopic  examination  of  the  contents  of  the  ali- 
mentary  canal.     While   the    ffxjd   of   these  three  species   has  been 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    EXTOAfOLOGIST 


1907 


173 


reported  on  before,  the  data  are  insufficient,  and  have  been  derived 
from  specimens  collected  at  random,  and  with  little  knowledge  of 
feeding  grounds  or  conditions.  Forbes's  report  on  the  food  of 
the  red-bellied  minnow,  for  example,  is  based  on  the  examination 
of  three  specimens.  We  believe  that  the  results  of  this  present 
food  examination,  as  given  in  the  following  tables,  justify  the 
great  amount  of  labor  that  is  involved  in  all  such  studies. 


Tabic  I     Food  of  2^  bullheads  from  Old  Forge  pond 


1                            FISHES 

DRAGON    FLY 
NYMPHS 

c 
>. 

2 

NU.MBEI 

g 
•0 

0 

1    -s 

1         tC 

■a 
c 
1 

•d 
c 

c 

Xi 

I 

< 

•a 
1 

< 

M 

I.  . 
2 

.1     ...^ 

* 

.... 

2 

3| 

j 

■3 

J 

I 

A 

C 

6.  . 

1            J 

8.. 

3 

10. . 

K 

I3-- 

'  '  '     * 

16.  . 

, 

17.. 
18.. 
.19.. 

20.  . 

21.  . 

■  ■  ■  ■* 

23-- 

24.  . 

25-- 

'    '     ■*       i         ■    ■    ■    '* 

Total . 

'' 

3 

6 

2 

I 

3   1 

< 

1 

4 

The  bullheads  of  the  foregoing  table  were  adults,  the  smallest 
being  about  8  inches  in  length.  Of  the  25  specimens  studied,  all 
but  I  had  eaten  other  fishes  of  some  sort.  17  of  those  eaten 
were   small   sunfishes   between   2  and   3   inches   in   length.     Six 


174  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

were  honied  dace  of  about  the  same  size,  and  3  were  unidentifiable. 
The  25  bullheads  had  eaten  at  least  26  other  fishes,  all  of  practically 
the  same  size. 

Seven  fish  hatl  eaten  large  dragon  fly  nymphs,  of  which  6  be- 
longed to  the  family  Aeschnidae,  and  2  had  eaten  Libelluiidae. 
One  fish  only  had  eaten  a  May  fly  nymph  and  3  had  eaten  small 
crawfish  less  than  2  inches  in  length.  Three  had  eaten  small  fila- 
mentous algae  (Spirogyra,  Zygnema  and  Cyanophyceae)  and  only 
4  had  eaten  any  appreciable  quantity  of  silt. 

Food  constituents  individually  considered.  By  far  the  most 
important  single  element  of  bullhead  food  at  this  time  and  place 
was  small  sunfishes.  These  abounded  everywhere  among  the  sub- 
merged aquatic  plants  growing  on  muddy  bottoms.  They  were 
taken  by  small  boys  in  minnow  traps  and  by  ourselves  when  col- 
lecting with  sieve  nets.  There  must  be  fearful  decimation  in  num- 
bers of  young  sunfishes  in  subaiergcJ  pastures  infested  by  bull- 
heads. Horned  dace  are  also  very  common  about  the  borders  of 
these  same  w^ater-weed  patches  and  are  likewise  raken  in  minnow 
traps  and  seines. 

Although  the  bullheads  lie  on  the  bottom,  the  dragon  fly  nymphs 
eaten  did  not  show  them  to  be  bottom  feeders.  The  nymphs  of 
the  Aeschnidae  habitually  climb  about  over  the  stems  of  water 
weeds  and  are  rarely  found  on  the  bottom.  They  are  protectively 
colored  and  are  hardly  noticeable  when  at  rest,  but  swim  away 
with  a  jerky  gait  produced  by  successive  ejections  of  the  water 
from  the  gill  chamber ;  and  when  once  dislodged  and  set  going 
they  are  no  doubt  captured  easily  by  the  bullheads.  The  nymphs 
of  the  Libelluiidae  are  typical  bottom  sprawlers.  Only  two  of  these 
were  eaten,  however.  They  lie  concealed  amid  the  bottom  silt  and 
it  is  only  when  they  are  brushed  out  of  place  that  they  kick  actively 
and  are  easily  found.  The  single  May  fly  represented,  of  course, 
a  very  insignificant  part  of  the  total  food  taken,  but  neither  is  it  a 
bottom  form.  While  not  clearly  identifiable  it  was  certainly  one 
of  the  climbing  nymphs  of  the  IJactinac.  Crawfish  diet  was  proven 
by  the  presence  of  two  small  nipper  feet.  These,  indeed,  arc 
typical  Ixjttom  forms;  and  their  habit  of  jumping  backwards  when 
disturbed  and  evading  their  enemies  in  a  cloud  of  sediment,  or 
fleeing  into  hiding  under  a  stone,  is,  of  course,  well  known  to  every 
one.  Small  quantities  of  algae  and  of  silt  were  eaten;  so  small,  in 
fact,  that  they  might  very  well  have  been  taken  quite  accidentally 
in  the  quest  for  other  food,  and  there  is  no  evidence  whatever 


RIvPORT    OF   THE   STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  1 75 

that  any  of  the  animals  eaten  were  dead  when  found.  This 
certainly  does  not  indicate  the  scavenger  ]ia])its  that  have  been 
very  frequently  ascribed  to  bullheads. 

Sun  fish  food 
i^irsuing  the  matter  a  little  farther  we  examined  the  fond  of  25 
sunfishes  (Euponiotis  gibbosus),  taken  at  the  same 
time  and  place  as  the  bullheads,  that  is,  July  loth,  in  the  weed 
patch  ofif  the  hatchery  wharf  at  Old  Forge  pond.  We  selected, 
of  th.cse,  three  sizes  in  order  to  determine  if  there  were  any 
appreciable  change  of  food  with  age  of  fish.  The  largest  ex- 
amined were  approximately  three  inches  in  Tenth  (lot  i),  and 
the  next  in  size  about  two  inches  (lot  2)  and  the  smallest  were 
between  three  fourths  of  an  inch  and  an  inch  in  length  (lot  3). 
All  were  taken  together.  The  results  of  examination  are  given 
in  th.e  following  table  : 


76 


NEW    YORK    STATE   MUSEUM 


snoa.wnajsiK 


S31IIU    J3}B^ 


BpodadOQ 


sqduiAu  Xg  Xbj^ 


ot'diicJ  soSpij^ 


aCAJKl  soSpij^ 


31:aJI!|   X|(   SipiMIJ 


MVOMN        .MMMI-irO 


- 

M       •    M       • 

:     :  :  : 

; 

:  :  "  ; 

» 

N 

PO^  ««>o 

t«.oo 

OO 

^ 

N 

ro  ^  >oO   r^ 

1  '1 


■M  bo 


4j   60 

o  c 


RKPORT   OF    THE    STATI':    i:\ ")( ).M()LOGIS'r    I907 


177 


.... 

'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

"^  :  : 

H H        . 

.    to  N 

M    _ 

.      H      M 

M          .*         M      H          .          •■)(• 

■i-*    -!— !—(—!— )—i- 

CO  00 

:::::::: 

vO  0      ■ 

•    *     • 

H-    n    *            .MM.,          . 

.^    H        . 

ro    .      . 

'._o  ^ 


U-M 


178  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

The  food  differences  of  the  three  groups  are  interesting  and  sig- 
nificant. That  of  the  smallest  lot  (too  small,  judging  by  the  preced- 
ing study,  to  be  selected  by  bullheads  for  food)  was  predominantly 
Entomostraca,  especially  Copepods,  with  a  considerable  propor- 
tion of  midge  larvae.  The  food  of  the  second  lot  was  predominantly 
small  snails  and  midges,  with  an  occasional  abundance  of  Copepods. 
The  food  of  the  larger  ones  was  predominantly  May  flies,  and 
midge  larvae  and  pupae,  with  a  sprinkling  of  other,  insects.  Indeed, 
the  table  understates  the  difference  between  the  food  of  the  three 
lots  for  the  midge  larvae  eaten  by  the  fishes  of  lot  three  were  as 
a  rule  much  smaller  than  those  eaten  by  the  larger  fish. 

Notes  on  the  constituents  of  the  food.  The  beetles  eaten 
were  all  adults.  They  were  eaten  only  by  the  larger  fish.  There 
were  but  three  of  them,  however ;  a  ground  beetle  by  number  5 
(and  this  may  have  fallen  into  the  water  by  accident),  and  2  Pamid 
beetles  by  fish  number  2.  Beetles  of  this  latter  family  are  very 
commonly  found  crawling  about  on  the  under  surface  of  submerged 
logs  or  hiding  in  their  crevices.  They  stick  closely  to  the  surface, 
their  long  legs  widely  outspread,  and  they  hold  fast  with  their 
huge  grappling  claws  and  are  not  easily  dislodged. 

Only  five  larvae  of  caddis  flies  were  eaten,  and  these  appeared  to 
have  been  separated  from  their  cases,  not  swallowed  in  them  as 
were  those  fed  upon  by  the  brook  trout  of  Bone  pond  at  Saranac 
Inn  [see  N.  Y.  State  Mus.  Bui.  68,  p.  204].  No  case  construction 
material  was  found  with  them,  but  the  larvae  appeared  to  be  such 
as  usually  construct  their  cases  out  of  plant  stems.  They  have 
been  preserved  for  future  determination. 

Midges  on  the  contrary  (family  Chironomidae)  formed  a  large 
percentage  of  the  food  of  the  sunfish  of  all  sizes.  The  smaller 
larvae,  however,  were  eaten  by  the  smallest  fish,  as  already  noted, 
and  the  larger  larvae  and  pupae,  only  by  the  larger  ones.  Every 
study  of  fish  food  hitherto  made  has  emphasized  the  great  eco- 
logical importance  of  this  group. 

No  May  flies  were  eaten  by  the  fish  of  lot  three,  but  the  larger 
fish  had  eaten  them  very  freely  —  two  of  them  (number  6  and  16) 
in  great  abundance.  Number  2  had  eaten  a  burrowing  nymph  of 
the  genus  Ephemera  along  with  a  dozen  Caenis.  All  the  others 
eaten  by  all  the  fishes  were  Caenis  d  i  m  i  n  u  t  a  .  This  is  the 
little  white  May  fly  already  mentioned  as  swarming  to  our  trap 
lantern  when  set  on  the  hatchery  pier.  It  is  the  most  ephemeral 
of  all  Ephemera.     It  emerges  from  the  water  at  nightfall,  leaving 


REPORT    OF   THE   STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  1 79 

its  nymphal  skin  floating  on  the  surface,  and,  alighting  on  the  first 
support  that  offers,  sheds  its  skin  again,  and  the  subimago  stage  is 
ended.  Then  it  flies  for  a  little  while,  the  males  dancing  up  and 
down  in  a  little  swarm,  as  in  other  species,  and  the  females  coming 
out  to  meet  them.  It  probably  lives  in  all  but  a  few  hours  of  adult 
life.  I  have  frequently  watched  the  swarming  until  it  was  entirely 
obscured  by  darkness.  Specimens  of  this  species  emerging  from 
the  hatchery  troughs  at  Saranac  Inn  deposited  their  eggs  in  little 
clusters  of  200  to  300  upon  the  window  panes.    .  . 

The  nymphs  of  this  little  May  fly  abound  wherever  there  are 
beds  of  waterweeds.  They  rest  upon  the  silt  covered  bottom  or 
cling  to  the  stems  of  the  plants.  They  cling  closely  and,  being 
entirely  covered  with  silt,  are  Cjuite  unobservable  except  when  dis- 
lodged. Because  they  cling  so  closely  they  are  not  easily  collected 
nor  easily  separated  from  the  trash.  That  they  exist  in  inconceiv- 
able vast  numbers  is  demonstrated  most  readily  by  the  use  of  a 
trap  lantern.  Our  lanterns  at  the  pier  were  sometimes  almost 
choked  with  them  and  thousands  besi-'es  were  found  upon  the 
supporting  post  and  upon  the  lantern  itself  outside ;  and  this  con- 
dition of  things  has  prevailed  in  every  locality  of  the  United  States 
in  which  I  have  run  a  trap  lantern  over  still  water.  I  have  no 
doubt  that  these  very  minute  nymphs,  too  small  for  proper  food 
for  the  larger  fishes,  are  of  very  great  importance  to  young  fishes 
and  to  the  smaller  species.  They  are  scarcely  mentioned  hitherto, 
however,  in  the  literature  of  the  fish  food. 

Only  two  other  insects  were  found;  a  half  grown  nymph  of  a 
dragon  fly  of  the  genus  Aeschna,  that  was  eaten  by  fish  number 
3,  and  a  water  skater,  by  fish  number  5. 

Of  the  crustaceans  eaten,  all  were  Entomostraca.  But  three 
were  Ostracods,  and  these  were  eaten  singly.  Copepods  were  eaten 
abundantly  by  the  smaller  fishes  of  lot  three,  sparingly  by  those  of 
larger  size.  I  was  unable  to  determine  any  of  them.  Apparently 
there  were  but  few  species.  The  great  importance  of  Copepods  as 
food  for  young  fishes  has  been  abundantly  demonstrated  hitherto 
through  the  labors  of  others.  Nevertheless,  the  conditions  that 
make  for  their  abundance  are  scarcely  at  all  understood.  Cladocera 
were  eaten  as  a  rule  very  sparingly,  only  one  fish  (number  12) 
having  eaten  any  great  number ;  it  had  eaten  almost  exclusively  a 
species  of  Bosmina.  The  others  so  sparingly  eaten  belonged  to  the 
genera  Alona  and  Chydorus, 


l8o  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Water  mites  of  several  species  were  eaten ;  but  sparingly,  as  in- 
dicated in  the  table,  and  they  formed  no  considerable  part  of  the 
food  total. 

Smaller  snails  one  or  two  millimeters  in  diameter  were  eaten  in 
large  numbers  by  five  of  the  fishes  of  intermediate  size  (fish  number 
7  of  the  first  lot  being  the  smallest  of  that  lot).  These  were  not 
certainly  determinable  since  the  delicate  shell  of  these  young  snails 
is  very  quickly  dissolved  in  the  digestive  secretions ;  but  they  were 
certainly  right-hand  spires  and  apparently  belonged  to  the  genus 
Limnea. 

No  other  groups  of  animals  were  represented  save  Rotifera  by 
a  single  smooth  lorica  found  in  fish  number  13.  Only  one  fish 
had  eaten  silt,  and  in  all,  but  two  bits  of  algae  were  eaten,  both 
clearly  recognizable  as  belonging  to  the  genera  Chara  and 
Nitella. 

Food  of  the  rcd-bcUicd  iiiinuoiv 

That  there  is  much  need  of  the  further  study  of  the  food  of  the 
smaller  species  of  fishes — those  that  furnish  the  supply  of  the 
larger  and  more  important  ones  —  has  long  been  perfectly  clear. 
Carnivorous  forms  can  not  live  by  eating  each  other  indefinitely; 
it  is  obviously  important  to  locate  the  primary  supply.  The  food 
of  all  organisms  upon  which  fishes  feed  needs  to  be  carefully 
studied.  Of  the  smaller  fishes  of  Old  Forge  pond  the  red-bellied 
minnow  was  most  in  evidence ;  its  habits,  however,  have  already 
been  mentioned.  The  food  of  12  specimens  of  this  species  taken 
near  the  hatchery  pier  along  with  the  bullheads  and  sunfish  already 
discussed,  was  carefully  examined  with  the  microscope.  The  food 
constituents  were  tabulated  as  far  as  tabulating  was  possible,  but 
since  it  subsists  almost  wholly  on  vegetable  materials,  green  algae, 
and  disintegrating  fragments  of  aquatic  seed  plants,  accurate 
numerical  statement  was  impf)S';il)lc.  The  results  of  this  examina- 
tion are  therefore  given  l)roa(lly  as  fr)llovvs: 

C)[  the  12  minnows  examined  all  had  eaten  both  green  algae  and 
dead  waterweeds,  anrl  in  but  two  of  them  could  I  discover  the  re- 
mains of  any  animal  whatever  (fragment  of  the  nymph  of  the  genus 
Caenis  in  one,  and  half  of  a  small  mi;lge  larvae  in  another).  All 
Init  one  had  eaten  Spirogyra  and  five  had  eaten  it  in  great  abundance. 
The  only  other  algae  eaten  nbiuidantly  was  an  inidetcrmined  spher- 
ical gelatinous  letrasporoid  f<irm  which  was  reidgnizirl  in  five  cases 
and  was  abundant  in  two  of  them.  There  was  more  or  less 
unrecognizable  silt  in  every  case,  and  scattered  through  this  were 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  181 

Diatoms  in  a  considerable  variety,  filaments  of  Cyanophyceae  and 
Desmids  (among  which  the  genera  Closterium  and  Desmidium  were 
recognized).  All  of  these  occurred  sparingly  and  may  very  well 
liave  been  taken  along  with  the  disintegrating  stems  and  leaves  of 
the  higher  plants. 

This  last  mentioned  material  was  in  four  cases  a  mass  of  leaf 
fragments  of  a  slender  species  of  river  weed  (Potamogeton)  and 
in  three  other  cases  it  contained  (once  in  excess)  remains  of  the 
petiole  of  the. yellow  water  lily  ( N  y  m  p  h  a  e  a  a  d  v  e  n  a) .  These 
were  recognizable  by  the  well  preserved  internal  hairs  from  the 
walls  of  the  air  chambers.  Such  food  stuff  was,  of  course,  very 
abundant  in  this  place.  There  may  have  been  a  good  many  other 
plants  present,  indeed  I  have  no  doubt  there  were  some  others ;  for 
a  form  of  tracheids  quite  unknown  to  me,  derived  from  the  vas- 
cular bundles  of  some  other  seed  plant,  occurred  three  times. 

These  were  the  predominating  elements  of  the  food,  however; 
they  show  that  at  this  time  and  place  Chrosomus  was  a  vegetable 
feeder.  Apparently  this  singularly  beautiful  and  hardy  little  fish 
is  one  that  can  be  introduced  safely  into  private  ponds. 

I  hasten  to  place  beside  the  foregoing,  the  results  of  a  more  ex- 
tensive study  of  the  food  of  this  fish,  ma  !e  in  quite  a  diiferent 
situation,  and  so  different  in  kind  that  they  will  teach  the  neces- 
sity of  great  care  in  reaching  conclusions  as  to  what  fishes  eat. 

A  former  pupil  of  mine,  ~Sh  Warren  H.  Ferguson,  studied  the 
food  and  feeding  habits  of  Chrosomus  i\  Pettibone  creek,  near 
North  Chicago,  111.,  in  1904.  The  place  has  since  become  the  site 
of  the  United  States  Naval  training  station  of  the  Great  Lakes. 
The  creek  was  then  a  beautiful  litt'e  stream  flowing  through  fine  oak 
woods  with  here  and  there  a  deep  shadowy  pool  and  with  inter- 
vening stretches  of  flowing  water.  It  was  one  of  my  favorite 
collecting  grounds  when  I  lived  at  Lake  Forest,  6  miles  distant. 
A  few  other  fishes  live  in  the  stream;  the  horned  dace,  a  little 
stickleback,  several  darters,  and  very  small  suckers,  but  none  were 
so  abundant  as  Chrosomus;  and  only  the  darters  that  live  in  the 
riffles  were  as  constantly  to  be  found  in  a  given  place. 

The  forage  offered  by  this  creek  was  very  diflferent  indeed  froni 
that  of  Old  Forge  pond.  Here  there  were  no  standing  aquatics 
and  no  unattached  filamentous  algae.  Rocks  and  sticks  exposed 
in  the  riffles  were  draped  with  two  beautiful  sessile  algae  (Dra- 
pernaldia  plumosaanda  species  of  Cladophora) .  The  out- 
let of  every  pool  was  choked,  and  every  obstruction  was  covered 


l82  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

with  a  mass  of  dead  forest  tree  leaves.  Among  these  leaves,  where 
submerged,  dwelt  an  abundance  of  amphipods.  In  these  leaf 
drifts  too,  especially  after  every  freshet  were  to  be  found  many 
earthworms,  dislodged  from  the  banks  by  the  undercutting  oi  the 
current,  and  stranded  here. 

The  plankton  of  the  pools  was  not  rich,  but  it  contained  a  goodly 
proportion  of  Entomostraca  chiefly  salmon-tinted  Diaptomus  and 
a  considerable  variety  (though  a  small  proportion)  of  Rotifers, 
and  a  few  Heliozcans,  and  a  few  Peridinia  and  other  flagellates, 
many  Diatoms  of  a  few  species,  and  a  variable  proportion  of  small 
midge  larvae.  The  bottom  and  sides  of  the  pool  sheltered  midge 
larvae,  and  Alay  fly  nyinphs  of  the  genus  Leptophlebia.  Besides 
the  red-bellied  minnow,  the  only  other  important  competitors  for 
the  scanty  food  the  pools  offered  were  the  horned  dace,  and  large 
dragon  fly  nymphs  of  the  bottom  belonging  to  the  genus  Cordu- 
legaster  [s'cc  account  of  these  in  Entomological  Nezvs,  16:3-6]. 

The  minnows  lived  in  the  pools,  playing  out  on  the  shoals  in 
little  resplendent  groups  when  the  coast  was  clear,  and  retreating 
to  the  deep  places  and  to  the  shelter  of  undercut  banks  when 
danger  appeared. 

Mr  Ferguson  studied  them  here  through  April.  May  and  the  first 
part  of  June.  He  made  six  collections  of  the  minnows  for  food 
examination  of  stomach  contents  and  prepared  the  following  table. 
The  things  eaten  are  indicated  by  numbers  in  this  table  when 
individuals  could  be  certainly  counted.  When  they  could  not  the 
r)ccurrcnce  of  their  remains  i'^  indicated  in  the  tabic  by  a  '^ 


REPORT   OF   THE   STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  183 


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NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


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REPORT   OF   THE   STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  185 


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NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


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REPORT   OF   THE   STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


187 


The  following  is  Mr  Ferguson's  summary  of  his  results: 

The  table  shows  at  a  glance  that  prac- 
tically all  the  food  of  lot  i  consisted  of 

silt  and  algae.     The  explanation  for  this 

is  that  other  food,  such  as  midges  and 

worms  was  scarce  so  early  in  the  year. 

Spring  rains  had  not  yet  brought  down  the 

earthworms.    About  half  of  the  food  of 

lot  2  was  silt  and  algae,  while  the  other 

half  was  pupae   and  adult  midges.     In 

only  three  of  the  fish  was  it  possible  to 

say   how   many   midges   they   contained, 

hence    the    st?rs    in    the    table.      Onlv 

three  out  of  i6  fishes  of  lot  3  contained 

midges,    while    all    but    four    contained 

earthworms  and  half  of  them  contained 

a  large  amount  of  silt.    Lot  4  shows  a 
'large    number   of    adult    midges    of    the 

genus  Chironomus   (apparently  most  of 

them  of  the   species   of   which   the   ap- 
pendages are  shown   in  figure  4a)    and 

many   earthworms.      And   one   of   them 

contained  a  single  large  mass  of  Chiro- 
nomus    eggs  —  the     only     instance     in 

which  these  were  found.     Lot   c;  shows 

one  adult  Chironomus,  and  earthworms 
.  and  silt  predominate  again  in  lot  6. 
Out  of  92  stomachs  examined,  38  (41' 

per  cent")  contained  midges  in  one  stage 

or  another,  27   (2q  per  cent)   contained 

earthworms.    6    contained    beetles, —  all 

adult     beetles     of     nonaquatic     habits. 

Three    contained    Kntomostracans,    two 

contained  ants,  and  only   i   contained  a 

May   flv    n^'mph.       This    clearlv   proves 

that   Chironomus  was  by   far  the   most 

important  food. 

After  discovering  the  importance  of  midge  larvae  in  the  fcK^d  of 
this  minnow,  Mr  Ferguson  began  a  feeding  experiment  to  deter- 
mine how  many  such  larvae  could  be  disposed  of  by  the  fish 
as  a  regular  diet.  He  divided  the  tank  of  an  aquarium  table 
into  two  compartments,  placing  two  full-grown  Chrosomus  in 
one  of  them  and  three  others  about  half  as  large  in  the  other. 
A  piece  of  board  was  kept  floating  on  the  surface  of  each  to 
furnish  congenial  shadow,  and  the  white  enamel  bottom  of  the 
tank  was  kept  clean  so  that  uneaten  food  could  be  found.  Midge 
larvae   (nearly  all  those  of  Chironomus    viridicollis, 


midge  most  com- 
by  Chrosomus  in 
Pettibone  creek,  a  caudal  ap- 
pendcges  of  the  adult  male,  dor- 
sal view,  b  one  half  of  tip  of 
abdomen  of  the  pupa,  y  one 
half  of  the  caudal  fin,  and  2  its 
fringe 


l88  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

averaging  perhaps  two  thirds  grown)  were  thrown  into  the 
tank  twice  daily  in  sufficient  numbers  so  that  each  day  a  few 
remained  over,  uneaten.  They  were  simply  thrown  on  the 
bottom  where  they  were  snapped  up  promptly  so  long  as  th.e 
fish  were  hungry.  The  number  disposed  of  during  the  preceding 
interval  was  recorded  at  each  feeding.  The  average  number 
eaten  by  the  half  grown  Girosomus  was  ii  per  day,  by  the  full 
grown  ones,  25  larvae  per  day.  The  largest  number  was  dis- 
posed of  at  the  first  feeding,  but  the  figures  were  maintained 
fairly  uniform  after  the  thii'd  day;  evidently  these  larvae  are 
choice  food  for  Chrosomus.  The  experiment  was  abandoned 
after  22  days  because  of  the  great  difficulty  found  in  supplying 
sufficient  Chironomus  larvae. 

That  the  adult  midges  are  quite  as  attractive  food  for  Chroso- 
mus as  are  the  larvae  is  indicated  by  the  following  field  observa- 
ticns  made  by  Mr   Ferguson : 

It  is  very  interesting  to  watch  the  fish  feeding.  The  midges 
hovering  over  the  water  seem  to  attract  them  most.  Usually  the 
minnows  are  satisfied  to  wait  till  the  midges  touch  the  surface  of 
the  water,  but  quite  often  they  spring  several  inches  out  of  the 
water  to  catch  tb.em. 

NEW   DATA   CONCERNING  MAY   FLIES   AND   DRAGON  FLIES 
OF  NEW  YORK 

May  flies 
(Iiphciiicridac) 
lender  this  heading  will  be  include  1  a  brief  account  of  the  May 
fly  fauna  of  Old  I'orgc,  and  descriptions  of  a  few  new  forms  col- 
lected by  l)r  (".  liettcn  at  lUiU'alo  and  vicinity  in  the  summer  of 
i<)(>'>.  At  (  )1(I  lorgc,  Ma\-  Hies  were  al)undant,  and  no  place  in 
u  liich  I  have  ever  co!le:te  1  better  exemplifies  the  need  of  different 
methods,  and  of  collecting  from  difTereiit  types  of  situation,  and 
at  different  hours  of  the  day.  if  oik-  would  really  know  the  May 
fly  fauna.  There  was  a  very  familiar  group  of  s])ecies  (.Siphlurus, 
T^pheremella.  Ileptagenia  etc.)  that  settled  ujion  the  outside  of  the 
hatchery  and  that  c')ulfl  be  found  anywhere  alxnit  the  banks  of 
01  I  Forge  ])on<l  where  shelter  and  good  resting  places  ofTered. 
'I'hcn  there  were  some  otliers  (Cacnis,  C  hloeon)  that  were  only  to 
be  found  at  niglit  at  the  time  of  their  emergence  from  the  water. 
A  few,  like  I.eptophkbia.  CiiKroterpes  and  Ikutis  could  bi'  found 
f»n  still  afternoons  swarming  in  great  companies  in  the  hollows  of 
the  wood,  especially  over  little  pools  or  in  their  vicinity,  and  tlicrc 


REPORT   OF   THE   STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  189 

was  one  (Ephemerella  do  roth  c  a)  that  was  only  to  be 
obtained  by  rearing  it  from  the  nymph,  it  being  very  secretive  as  to 
its  adult  habits.  I  collected  chiefly  by  hand  from  the  hatchery  walls, 
by  trap  lanterns  at  Old  Forge  pond  an  1  on  Moose  river,  and  by 
sweejMng  nets  along  the  banks  of  l^)caver  Meadow  brook,  and  along 
the  Adirondack  League  Club  road  to  Little  Aloose  lake.  Li  a  breed- 
ing cage  maintained  in  a  hatchery  trough  by  my  window,  I  reared  a 
considerable  number  of  May  fly  nymphs,  verifying  the  breedings  of 
former  years,  and  adding  a  few  new  life  h'st  ries.  that  will  be  given 
in  the  following  pages : 

Siphlurus  alternatus.  This  species  was  common  in  trashy 
places  in  the  borders  of  the  ponds.  I  found  the  nymphs  abundant 
in  Bald  Mountain  pond.  Adults  were  taken  hovering  at  First  lake 
on  June  24th  in  mid  afternoon.  They  settled  in  hundreds  on  the 
outside  of  the  hatchery  and  coul  1  be  taken  constar.tly  through  June 
and  July. 

Blasturus  cupidus.  But  few  specimens  of  this  elsewhere 
common  species  were  seen.  One  was  taken  on  the  hatchery  the 
first  of  July  and  several  on  piers  about  Old  Forge  pond  in  the 
latter  part   of  June. 

Leptophlebia  mollis.  This  was  another  very  common  species. 
The  nymph  lived  in  slow-flowing  clear  streams,  perhaps  in  other 
places  as  well,  for  I  found  the  adults  everywhere.  A  few  at  the 
hatchery ;  swarms  of  them  on  the  Mountain  Lodge  "  carry  "  opposite 
Dog  Island  in  First  lake,  where  they  were  flying  underneath  a  high 
canopy  of  birch  boughs,  rising  and  falling  in  rapid  succession 
through  a  distance  of  25  feet,  scarcely  descending  within  50  feet 
of  the  ground.  I  found  them  in  Beaver  Mea'ow  brook,  both  in  the 
meadow  itself,  and  in  the  rocky  part  of  the  stream,  at  the  fish  ponds 
where  four  of  them  emerged  within  my  tent  tran.  Nymphs  taken 
from  the  stream  at  this  place  were  reared  in  the  hatchery  on  the 
sixth  of  August. 

Callibaetis  hageni.  This  species  was  common  at  the  hatchery 
inside  as  well  as  outside,  and  during  the  latter  part  of  July  and  the 
whole  of  August,  subimagos  could  be  collected  in  the  hatchery  .win- 
dows. Adults  could  be  picked  up  from  the  piers  about  the  border 
of  Old  Forge  pond.  These  soeciirens  ao'^iearecl  to  diflfer  in  no 
respect  whatever  from  others  obtained  from  the  type  locality  in 
California. 

Baetis  posticatus.  This  delicate  little  ^lay  fly  was  to  be 
found  in  the  same  situations  with  Leptophlebia.     It  was  abundant 


190  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

through  Jul}'  and  August.  It  emcrgeJ  in  considerable  numbers,  "as 
shown  by  the  preceding  table,  from  my  tent  trap,  6  square  feet  of 
the  bottom  of  Beaver  Aleadow  brock,  yielding  271  specimens  in  a 
single  month.  This  is  the  species  previously  mentioned  as  giving 
such  a  beautiful  e.xample  of  the  May  fly  dance  under  the  birch 
trees  at  the  crossing  of  the  Beaver  Meadow  brook  by  the  Adiron- 
dack League  Club  road. 

Chlcecn  mendax  and  C.  vicinum.  These  two  delicate  little 
May  flies  (and  a  third  apparently  undescribed)  were  obtained  with 
a  trap  lantern  near  the  foot  of  First  lake  just  after  nightfall.  Dr 
Batten  and  I  rowe:l  up  to  First  lake  on  several  evenings  that  bid 
fair  to  furnish  good  trap  lantern  collecting,  and  just  at  nightfall 
before  the  chill  that  is  characteristic  of  the  Adirondack  evening  had 
settled  down,  a  few  of  these  specimens  came  to  light  to  reward  our 
effort.  Later  in  the  evening  no  more  coull  be  obtained,  but  we  had 
reason  to  believe  that  they  were  not  uncommon  at  that  place. 

Ephemerella  dorothea  n.  sp.  This  species  lives  in  Beaver 
Meadow  brook,  amid  the  soil  gathering  moss  that  covers  the  stones 
there,  as  described  in  the  account  of  our  tent  trap.  Adults  were 
obtained  only  by  rearing  them,  and  this  notwithstanding  their  abund- 
ance, as  evidenced  by  the  abundance  of  their  nymphs  at  that  place. 
We  did  much  collecting  along  the  banks  of  that  brook,  sweeping 
the  vegetation  with  nets,  all  up  and  down  it.  and  not  a  single  adult 
specimen  was  encountered.  It  was  the  sort  of  May  fly  easily  to 
be  overlooked,  not  alone  on  account  of  its  habits,  but  also  because 
of  its  general  appearance.  The  best  specimens  that  I  have  obtained 
of  these  are  when  fully  mature.  exceeMngly  fragile  and  have  very 
little  color.  They  look  at  first  glance  much  like  poor  specimens  of 
some  of  the  stronger  species.'  I  append  a  description  of  both 
nymj^hal  and  adult  stages. 

hrago.  Length,  5  to  6  mm;  expanse,  15  to  18  mm;  setae  of 
the  female,  8  mm;  of  the  male,"  8  to  q  mm;  first  femur  of  male. 
7  mm;  of  the  female,  4^2  mm;  a  small  yellowish  species,  pale  even 
when  fully  mature,  somewhat  darker  on  the  dorsum  of  the  hca  I 
and  the  abdomen,  with  hyaline  iridescent  wings,  and  pale  vellowish 
white  legs;  infuscatcfl  only  on  the  tips  of  the  tarsi.  Caudal  sctne 
white;  forceps  of  the  male,  stout,  the  long  second  segment  regularlv 
tapering  to  near  the  apex,  there  suddc.ily  internally  dilate  1  in  a 
rounded  knol).  The  first  and  third  joints  of  the  male  forceps  are 
of  about  equal  length,  each  being  about  %  of  the  length  of  the 
second  joint,  terminal  joint  subs])hcrical.  The  ninth  sternite  of 
the  female  is  profluced  in  a  broadly  truncated  lobe  which  projects 
posteriorly  to  the  level  of  the  posterior  apex.     The  foretarsus  of 


REPORT    OF   THE   STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  I9I 

the  female  has  the  second  joint  about  equal  to  the  third  in  length, 
and  longer  than  the  fourth  which  in  turn  about  equals  the  fifth, 
and  is  about  Ys  of  the  length  of  the  second.  The  basal  joint" 
(fused  with  the  tibia)  is  about  >4  as  long  as  the  second  joint; 
tarsus  and  tibia  are  about  equal  length.  The  foretarsus  of  the 
male  is  longer  than  the  tibia,  and  its  third  joint  is  longer  than  the 
second  which  about  equals  the  fourth,  and  is  twice  the  length  of 
the  fifth. 

The  wings  are  wholly  hyaline  (dull  hyaline  in  the  subimago) 
with  weak .  cross  veins.  There  are  no  accessory  sectors  in  the 
median  fork,  but  there  are  two  behind  the  bisector  of  the  cubital 
fork  and  the  vein  Cu^  is  more  or  less  detached. 

Nymph.  Length,  7  mm,  with  setae  4  mm;  antennae,  2  mm. 
This  nymph  is  less  depressed  in  form  than  others  of  the  genus. 
Its  colors  are  bronzy  green  and  brownish,  paler  below  and  on  all 
appendages,  and  sprinkled  all  over  the  dorsum  with  very  fine  pale 
dots  or  granulations.  There  is  a  pale  line  across  the  top  of  the 
head  in  front,  and  there  is  a  pale  dot  on  each  of  the  fore  angles 
of  the  prothorax,  and  another  between  the  inner  basal  angles  of 
the  wing  cases ;  antennae,  pale,  except  the  basal  segment. 

The  body  is  widest  on  the  mesothorax ;  the  abdomen  about  as 
long  as  head  and  thorax  together ;  the  prothorax  is  wider  than  the 
head.  Its  sides  are  incurved  anteriorly  where  they  end  in  obtuse 
angles  that  project  forward  behind  the  eyes;  the  fore  femur  is  much 
stouter  than  are  the  other  femora,  and  darker  in  color  externally  ;  all 
the  claws  are  strongly  curved,  and  each  is  armed  beneath  with  a 
comb  of  eight  or  nine  pointed  teeth.  The  abdomen  is  depressed, 
it  lacks  the  double  row  of  dorsal  tubercles  that  is  characteristic 
of  other  members  of  this  genus.  In  outline  it  is  ovate,  widest 
on  middle  segment,  and  it  tapers  more  or  less  abruptly  from  the 
eighth  to  the  posterior  end.  Segments  8  and  9  terminate  laterally 
in  flat  triangular  spines.  Gills  are  present  on  segments  3  and  7, 
and  diminish  regularly  in  size  from  the  front  backward.  The 
inferior  respiratory  lamina  of  each  is  bifid,  and  its  divisions  are 
fimbriate-lamelliform.  The  covering  lamellae  on  each  of  segments 
2  to  6  overlaps  only  very  slightly  the  base  of  the  one  immediately 
behind  it.  That  of  the  7th  segment,  however,  is  of  small  size  and  is 
wholly  covered.  The  middle  seta  is  longest,  and  all  three  setae 
are  clothed  basally  with  minute  spines  and  bear  long  hairs  in  the 
middle  portion,  and  are  bare  and  darker  colored  at  the  tips. 

This  is  the  most  generalized  nymph  yet  made  known  in  the 
Ephemerella  group  of  May  flies.  None  of  its  gill  covers  are  wholly 
elytroid.  It  has  no  dorsal  abdominal  hooks.  The  thorax  is  high, 
almost  compressed,  and  the  abdomen  is  only  moderately  depressed, 

I  name  this  species  in  honor  of  little  Miss  Dorothy  Burke,  who 
played  beside  the  delightful  streamlet  wherein  I  found  it. 


192  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Caenis  diminuta.  This  little  white  dusk-flyer  abounds  in 
every  submerged  weed  patch,  its  close  clinging,  flat-bodied,  silt- 
covered  nymphs  adhering  closely  to  the  fallen  stems  among  which 
they  clamber.  It  has  already  been  mentioned  in  tlie  preceding  pages 
as  swarming  into  our  trap  lanterns,  as  being  found  in  the  hatchery 
windows  after  emergence  from  the  ,tish  troughs,  and  as  constitut- 
ing a  very  considerable  portion  of  the  food  of  young  sunfishes.  It 
was  abundant  throughout  July  and  August. 

Tricorythus  allectus.  Sihce  I  described  this  species  from 
Ithaca  in  1905  [N.  Y.  State  }\ius.  Bui.  86,  p.  47]  as  Caenis 
a  1 1  e  c  t  a  ,  I  have  concluded  that  it  should  more  properly  be  re- 
ferred to  the  genus  Tricorythus/  Since  that  date  I  have  found  it 
abundant  in  two  new  localities,  at  Watcrtown,  Massachusetts,  in 
the  summer  of  1906,  where  spiders'  webs  on  the  bridges  across  the 
Charles  river  were  draped  with  innumerable  tangled  specimens, 
and  at  Moose  river,  behind  the  hatchery  at  Old  Forge.  One  of  its 
favorite  swarming  places  was  the  open  area  above  the  pole  bridge 
shown  in  the  middle  of  the  photograph  reproduced  in  plate  i.  Here 
it  swarmed  at  midday  filling  the  air  like  snowflakes,  with  dragon 
flies,  and  robber  flies  lurking  around  the  edges  of  the  swarm, 
capturing  as  many  specimens  as  they  could  eat. 

Choroterpes  basalis.  This  pretty  red  brown  species  I  ob- 
served several  times  in  small  companies  swarming  about  the  balsam 
firs  on  Wintergrecn  pcjint  in  August. 

Habrophlebia  vibrans  n.  sp.  Thi.s  delicate  little  reddish  brown 
species  I  captured  by  hundreds  near  the  <uillct  of  I '.aid  Mountain 
pond,  where  the  brcxjk  crosses  the  r<>ad  and  begins  its  descent 
among  the  fern  clad  boulders.  White  winged  companies  of  them 
were  dancing  up  and  down  under  llie  birch  cano])ies,  the  lowest  of 
them  within  reach  of  my  net.  I  have  brrn  unable  tn  (K'lrnnine  frnm 
Rank's  description  and  figure  of  11.  a  m  eric  a  n  a  |  I'jit.  .\ews. 
K/)^,  11  :235].  what  relation  this  species  may  bear  li>  that  one  troni 
New  Jersey.  The  nymph  of  that  one  as  described  by  T.erry  (.hiirr. 
Nat.  37:27-29.  1903)  docs  not  belong  to  this  genu-,  at  all:  il  is  a 
tyi)ical  L  e  p  t  o  p  h  1  e  1)  i  :i  .  1  prt'senl  herewith  a  ligiue  <>t  the 
venation  fpl.  10,  \''\i:;.  i|  and  of  the  a])pen(lages  of  llu'  niaK'.  and 
a<ld  the  following  further  characleri/atioti  of  the  male  imago,  the 
onlv   form  found : 


'  See  also  Cockcrcll  &  Cill.  Tricorylltus.  a  unius  of  Mayflies.  Univ.  of 
Col.  Studic-s  .3:1.15-37.  A  p.ip'T  tli.-it  h.is  .-ipprarcd  since  llic  above  was 
written. 


REPORT   OF   THE   STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  I93 

Length,  4.5  to  5  mm  ;  setae  about  as  long,  or  the  middle  one  slightly 
longer.     Foreleg,  6  mm ;  expanse  of  wings,  10  mm. 

Color  clear  brown ;  paler  beneath,  with  the  eyes  blackish  in- 
feriorly.  Wings  hyaline,  except  the  extreme  base,  which  is  of  an 
amber  tint.  Legs  white  except  the  forefemur  which  is  brown,  and 
a  pale  brown  spot  at  the  apex  of  the  foretibia.  Forseps  beyond 
the  base,  and  setae  while,  the  latter  with  a  few  of  the  basal  articu- 
lations narrowly  annulate  with  brown.  Abdomen  transparent, 
whitish  ventrally  and  to  a  less  extent  dorsally  on  the  middle  seg- 
ments, the  sides  of  the  dorsum  being  tinged  with  brownish  purple. 

jMany  specimens,  all  males,  taken  swarming  July  i,  1905. 

Heptagenia  pulchella.  This  species  was  common  here,  as  at 
Saranac  Inn,  and  my  collection  of  it  shows  a  number  of  dates 
running  through  July  and  August. 

Heptagenia  interpunctata.  This  species  was  taken  by  our 
trap  lanterns  from  Moose  river  on  the  west  side  of  the  town,  and  a 
number  of  adults  were  taken  from  the  hatchery  walls. 

Ephemera  varia.  Only  a  few  specimens  were  seen,  and  these 
were  taken  by  trap  lantern  from  Moose  river  back  of  the  town. 

Potamanthus  diiphanus  n.sp.  Under  this  name  I  describe 
an  interesting  species  collected  by  Dr  Betten  at  Squaw  Island  in  the 
Niagara  river  near  Buffalo  on  the  24th  of  July,  1906. 

Length,  8-10  mm ;  expanse,  20  mm ;  setae  of  the  male,  18-20  mm ; 
fore  leg,  13  mm;  body  and  wings  pale  yellowish  white,  hardly 
darker  on  the  top  of  the  head  and  thorax  but  with  a  satiny  sheen 
on  the  thorax  and  on  tip  of  abdomen ;  tips  of  femora,  tarsi  and 
tibia  very  faintly  infuscated,  a  subapical  inferior  spot  on  the  fore- 
tibia  being  more  distinct ;  setae,  white,  with  the  incisures  scarcely 
darker ;  forceps  white ;  eyes  and  ocelli,  black ;  forceps  of  the  male, 
regularly  arcuate ;  basal  segnient  twice  as  long  as  the  two  terminal 
ones  together  and  rugose  within:  inner  appendages  united  almost 
to  the  tip,  half  as  long  as  forceps,  with  a  W-shaped  apical  outline. 
The  lateral  margins  are  contracted  in  the  middle  and  narrower,  with 
parallel  sides,  in  the  basal  half  [see  pi.  10,  fig.  5]. 

A'yiuph.  Measures  13  mm  in  length;  setae  4  mm  additional; 
antennae  i  mm  long,  their  tips  hardly  surpassing  the  prongs  of 
mandible,  which  unlike  those  of  other  species  of  the  genus  hitherto 
described,  are  longer  than  the  head.  Each  prong  is  contracted  just 
beyond  the  base  and  terminates  in  a  straight,  bare,  brown  point. 

Body  elongate ;  little  depressed  ;  prothorax  wider  than  the  head, 
with  broadly  rounded,  flaring  lateral  margins ;  fore  legs  longer  than 
the  others ;  the  tibia  much  longer  than  the  femur,  beset  with  long 
hairs  internally,  and  bearing  a  stout,  straight  apical  spur,  almost 
half  as  long  as  the  tarsus ;  middle  legs  shorter  and  more  slender 
than  the  hind  legs ;  abdomen  regularly  tapering  posteriorly ;  gills 
rudimentary  on  the  first  segment,  almost  equal  on  segments  2  to  6, 

7 


194  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

deeply  bifid,  with  the  two  divisions  deeply  fimbriate ;  setae,  short, 
densely  bearded,  both  sides  of  the  middle  portion  bare  at  the  ends, 
and  paler  toward  the  tips;  there  is  a  middorsal  pale  line  along  the 
abdomen  and  there  are  two  rows  of  spots  each  side  which  sometimes 
become  confluent. 

Dr  Betten's  observations  concerning  the  habits  of  this  species  are 
as  follows : 

Returning  on  the  boat  from  Buffalo  I  happened  to  look  up,  and 
saw  a  swarm  about  20  feet  above  the  water.  I  was  able  to  take  a 
few,  but  most  of  them  were  out  of  reach  from  the  upper  deck. 
It  was  too  dark  for  me  to  see  the  manner  of  their  flight.  I  re- 
turned next  evening  for  further  observation,  but  a  strong  wind  pre- 
vented. I  found  the  cast  skins,  however,  belonging  to  this  species 
floating  upon  the  water,  and  drifting  upon  the  shore. 

It  is  rather  surprising  that  this  interesting  species,  so  common  in 
a  place  much  frequented  by  collectors,  has  escaped  observation 
hitherto. 

(?)  Choroterpes  betteni  n.  sp.  Under  this  name  I  describe 
another  May  fly  collected  at  Hamburg,  N.  Y.;  on  the  first  of  July 
by  DrBettcn,  in  whose  honor  I  name  it.  Its  reference  to  this 
genus  is  a  doubtful  one. 

Length,  5  to  6  mm;  expanse,  10  to  ii  mm;  setae  of  the  male, 
5  to  6  mm  and  of  the  female  4^^^  to  5  mm;  color  nearly  uniform, 
dark  reddish  l^own,  slightly  paler  on  the  middle  abdominal  seg- 
ments in  the  male ;  wings  hyaline ;  veins,  pale  brown ;  legs,  yellowish 
brown;  hind  femur  with  two  darker  bands ;  forcfcmur  of  the  male 
wholly  dark ;  setae  pale  yellowish  with  brown  joinings,  three  in 
number,  equal;  forceps  of  tlie  male,  pale  brownish,  darker  beneath, 
with  one  .very  long  basal,  and  two  very  short  apical  segments  [see 
pi.  10,  figs.  7  and  8]. 

The  most  remarkable  thing  about  this  species,  a  thing  apparently 
f|uitc  unif|rc  airong  May  flics,  is  that  the  female  possesses  a  sort  of 
rudimentary  ovipositor.  This  is  formed  by  a  backward  prolonga- 
tion rif  the  sternum  of  7th  segment  combined  with  a  downgrown 
horny  process  from  the  sternum  of  the  8th  [pi.  10,  fig.  6].  The 
sternum  of,  the  9th  segment  is  prolonged  in  two  separate  obtuse 
trian-j^idar  lobes  far  beyond  the  apex  of  the  TOth  segment  [pi.  10, 
fig.  6a]. 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  I95 

Dragon  flies  at  Old  Forge 
(  Odoiata) 

As  already  remarked,  the  dragon  fly  fauna  of  Old  Forge  is 
less  abundant  than  that  of  Saranac  Inn.  It  possesses  a  nund^er 
of  interesting  species,  however. 

Hagenius  brevistylus.  '  This  big  dragon  fly  was  frequently  to 
be  seen  on  Aloose  river,  by  the  hatchery,  resting  upon  the  pole 
bridge  [shown  on  pi.  i]  or  upon  boulders  in  the  stream,  or  flying 
swiftly  overhead  in  the  pursuit  of  prey.  .  Repeatedly  I  saw  one 
sweep  through  the  air,  and  capture  another  big  species,  an  unde- 
termined Gomphus,  and  i\y  with  it  struggling  to  the  tree  tops. 
A  moment  after  it  had  alighted  there,  a  gomphus  wing  would 
come  floating  down,  and  then  three  others,  following. 

Gomphus  sp.  (?)  This  is  a  species  just  noted  as  being 
captured  by  Hagenius.  But.  though  Hagenius  could  capture 
it  with  apparent  ease,  I  could  not  at  all.  I  tried  repeatedly, 
and  stalked  specimens  with  the  utmost  care  as  they,  rested  on 
boulders  in  the  edge  of  the  stream,  and  once  I  came  so  near 
that  I  knocked  a  specimen  into  the  water,  but.  notwithstanding 
all  my  efforts,  I  did  not  catch  a  single  specimen,  and  so  the 
species  remains  undetermined.  It  was  a  big  olive-green  species 
with  the  aspect  of  G  .    v  i  1  1  o  s  i  p  e  s  . 

Gomphus  spicatus.  Cast  skins  of  this  species  were  sticking 
to  the  piers  about  Old  Forge  pond  on  June  20th,  and  a  single 
live  nymph  was  taken  from  the  mud  with  the  sieve  net.  Nu- 
merous species  were  seen  along  the  road  to  Bald  Mountain 
pond  on  the  26.  of  July. 

Gomphus  ventricosus.  I  was  delighted  to  be  able  to  capture 
at  the  road  crossing  Beaver  Meadow  brook  the  only  specimen 
that  I  have  ever  seen  alive.  It  was  darting  in  and  out  among 
the  shrubbery,  apparently  chasing  midges,  when  I  succeeded 
in  landing  it  in  my  net.  This  was  the  first  record  of  its 
occurrence  within  New  York  State.  I  searched  diligently  all 
about  the  brook  for  nymphs  and  for  cast  skins,  but  did  not 
find  any. 

Dromogomphus  spinosus.  Several  specimens  of  this  hand- 
some species  were  seen  resting  on  the  elder  bushes  by  the  road 
near  Old  Forge  pond. 

Cordulegaster  sp.  (?)  Young  nymphs  were  found  in  Bald 
^Mountain  pond  on  July  2d,  and  in  Beaver  Meadow  brook  on 
June  21  St,  but  no  adults  belonging  to  this  genus  were  observed 
during  the  season. 


196  NEW    YORK    STATE   MUSEUM 

Aeschna  sp.  ( ?)  Nymphs  of  Aeschna  have  already  been 
noted  as  occurring  in  the  food  of  bullheads  and  sunfish  in  Old 
Forge  pond.  They  were  quite  common  in  Bald  Mountain  pond 
and  in  Lily  pond,  and  about  every  pond  near  Old  Forge  adults 
could  be  seen  coursing  on  swift  strong  wing  all  day  long  the 
summer  through. 

Anax  Junius.  This  species,  so  abundant  through  other  parts 
of  the  State,  is  not  common  in  the  Adirondacks.  Two  nymphs 
were  taken  in  Beaver  Meadow  brook  on  June  30th ;  no  adults 
were  seen. 

Boyeria  vinosa.  A  single  young  nymph  of  this  species  was 
taken  in  Moose  river  on  the  9th  of  July.  A  few  adults  were 
seen  later  coursing  over  the  stream. 

Didymops  transversa.  Among  the  larger  species  coursing 
about  the  borders  of  Old  Forge  pond,  this  one  was  conspicuous. 
It  was  common  through  the  latter  part  of  June,  and  a  number 
of  cast  skins  were  seen  sticking  to  the  bushes  along  the  bank. 

Helocordulia  uhleri.  This  species  frequented  waters  where  the 
banks  were  fringed  with  sphagnum.  It  was  seen  in  a  few  places 
up  the  channel  from  Old  Forge  pond,  but  not  at  the  pond  itself, 
and  it  was  not  uncommon  at  the  Twin  ponds  and  at  Bald 
Mountain  pond. 

Tetragoneuria  cynosura.  This  species  was  fairly  common 
about  Old  Forge  pond,  where  scattering  cast  skins  could  be 
found  along  the  shore,  but  there  was  no  abundance  of  it  to  be 
at  all  compared  to  the  condition  described  at  Saranac  Inn  in 
Bulletin  47  of  this  museum. 

Cordulia  shurtleffi.  This  handsome  bronzy  green  species  is 
another  denizen  of  sphagnum  bordered  waters,  and  was  com- 
mon at  Twin  ponds  and  at  Bald  Mountain  pond. 

Libellula  basalis.  This  species  is  rare  in  the  Adirondacks,  one 
or  two  specimens  were  seen,  but  not  captured ;  nevertheless, 
there  is  no  doubt  about  the  determination. 

Libellula  pulchella.  Common  about  every  pond  and  com- 
monly found  foraging  along  the  roadside  at  considerable  dis- 
tances from  water. 

Plathemis  trimaculata.  Another  ixnul-loviiig  species  associ- 
ated with  the  j)rcccdiiig. 

Leucorhinia  glacialis.  "J^his  species  was  fnund  only  at  the 
Lily  i)nnd,  and  only  a  few  specimens  were  seen. 

Leucorhinia  frigida.  This  species  was  likewise  found  only 
at    Lilv  pond,  lint  it  was  common   there,  and   moreover  it  was 


REPORT   OF   THE   STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    1907  I97 

transforming  in  some  numbers.  There  I  obtained  specimens 
in  transformation,  furnishing  me  a  new  life  history;  the  descrip- 
tion of  the  nymph  follows : 

Length,  17mm;  abdomen,  9  mm;  hind  femur,  5  mm;  width 
of  head,  5mm;  of  abdomen,  6  mm;  body  rather  smooth,  mod- 
erately depressed,  greenish  brown  obscurely  mottled  above, 
paler  beneath  with  a  conspicuous  banding  on  the  under  surface 
of  the  abdomen:  there  are  three  broad  brown  bands,  one  median, 
and  two  lateral  (adjoining  the  ventral  sutures),  obsolescent 
anteriorly  and  more  or  less  confluent  posteriorly.  Abdomen 
with  no  dorsal  hooks  at  all  (and  therein  differing  markedly  from 
all  the  other  species  of  the  genus  hitherto  made  known) ^; 
short,  stout,  straight  lateral  spines  on  segments  8  and  9;  those 
of  9  longer  than  the  segment,  and  twice  as  long  as  those  of  8; 
inferior  appendages  with  very  slender  tips  slightly  incurved. 
Superior  appendage  slightly  shorter,  and. laterals  one  third  as 
long  as  the  inferiors;  there  is  a  fringe  of  slender  hairs  along 
the  sides  of  the  9th  segment,  and  across  its  apex  beneath.  The 
labium  has  10  lateral  setae,  the  two  basal  ones  being  smaller 
than  the  others,  and  12  mental  setae,  the  outer  seven  longer 
than  the  others. 

Calcpteryx  maculata  and  C.  aequabilis.  A  few  specimens  of 
both  these  species  hovered  about  the  mouths  of  the  inflowing 
streams  of  Moose  river  below  the  hatchery.  They  were  about 
equally  common. 

Lestes  vigilax.  This  species  was  found  associated  with 
Leucorhinia  frigid  a  in  the  Lily  pond,  and  like  it,  was 
transforming  abundantly.  From  material  obtained  there  on 
June  30th,  and  other  material  obtained  at  Bald  Mountain  pond 
on  July  2d,  the  following  description  of  the  nymph  is  drawn : 

The  nymph  is  of  the  excessively  elongate  form  characteristic 
of  this  genus  and  described  for  the  group  on  page  231  of  Bulle- 
tin 68.  Length  26  mm  and  gills  10  mm  additional.  The  color 
is  greenish  brown,  there  is  an  obscure  band  of  brown  on  each 
femur  and  there   are   three   such  bands   across   the   gill   plates, 

'  In  the  key  to  nymphs  of  Libellulinae  given  on  pages  508-9  of  N.  Y.  State 
Museum  Bulletin  47,  Sympetrum  and  Leucorhinia  are  separated  on  char- 
acters found  in  relative  length  of  dorsal  abdominal  hooks ;  and  by  the  key 
this  species  w^ould  be  traced  to  Sympetrum :  at  the  time  that  key  was  pre- 
pared, only  Sympetra  were  known  to  lack  dorsal  hooks.  A  new  distinc- 
tion will,  therefore,  have  to  be  found  between  these  genera.  The  species 
now  known  as  nymphs  may  be  separated  by  the  number  of  raptorial  setae 
on  the  lateral  lobe  of  the  labium;  these  are  in  the  three  species  of  Leucor- 
hinia lo-ii,  in  all  our  common  lesser  Sympetra  they  are  9;  in  the  aberrant 
S.    curruptum  they  are   13. 


198  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

confluent  along  the  gill  axis.  This  species  has  five  setae  on 
each  side  of  the  mentum  of  the  labium,  and  appears  to  be  dis- 
tinguished from  the  others  hitherto  described  chiefly  by  the 
possession  of  a  spine  on  the  lateral  margin  of  abdominal  seg- 
ment 3.  The  lateral  spines  in  this  species  occur  on  segments 
3  to  9:  in  the  other  species  on  segments  4  and  5  to  9. 

The  damsel  flies  of  the  following  list  were  also  collected 
sporadically  during  the  summer  and  all  of  them  were  appar- 
ently common  and  widespread  :  A  r  g  i  a  v  i  o  1  a  c  e  a  ,  E  n  a  1  - 
1  a  g  m  a  e  x  s  u  1  a  n  s  ,  }^  n  a  1 1  a  g  m  a  h  a  g  e  n  i ,  X  e  h  a  1  - 
1  e  n  n  i  a    i  r  c  n  e  ,    I  s  c  h  n  u  r  a    v  c  r  t  i  c  a  1  i  s  . 

Coutribiition  to  the  morpluAoqx  of  flic  Odonata 
Three  years  ago  I-  suggested  lo  Mr  O.  S.  Thompson,  who 
w^as  then  a  student  in  my  laboratory,  that  he  investigate  the 
homologies  of  the  male  abdominal  appendages  of  the  Odon- 
ata. 'inhere  was  then  much  confusion  existing  concerning  the 
terminal  appendages,  and  no  extensive  comparisons  of  those 
of  the  second  segment  had  been  attempted,  the  fragmentary 
studies  of  Ratzeburg,  Ingenitzk}-  and  Goddard  being  in  the 
nature  of  preliminary  examination  of  a  few  forms.  We  have 
not  known  whether  homologies  are  traceable  through  the 
two  suborders.  These  parts  being  used  more  and  more  as  a 
guide  to  relationships  in  the  lesser  groups,  and  as  criteria  of 
species,  it  seemed  important  that  their  nature  should  be  better 
understood.  Mr  'i'homjjson's  work  was  done  in  i<XH.  but  the 
final  preparation  of  his  paper  has  l)ecn  delayed  by  \'arious 
causes  until  the  present  time.  Meanwhile,  the  terminal  append- 
ages have  been  carefully  studied  and  fully  rejiorted  upon  by 
Drs  Ileymons  an<l  I  Iaiidlir>ch.  The  results  of  Mr  Thompson's 
work  ujjon  the  other  abdominal  appendages,  those  of  the  sec- 
ond segment,  and  adjacent  thereto,  are  given  at  the  end  of  this 
article. 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    EXTOMOEOGIST    I907 


199 


CRANE  FLIES 

Family   TIPOLIIDAE 
Order    D I  PI  ERA 
The  crane  files  constitute  a  large  group  of  two  winged  flies 
that  is  of  great  interest  to  the  student  of  the  genetic  relation- 
ships   of    the    Dipfera    because    of    its    rather    generalized    form 


^ 


Fig.  s     Tipula  abdominalis  Say  4  nat.size.      (Reprint  from  \.  Y.  State  Mus.  Bui.  47) 

and    structure.      It    is    of    interest    to    the     stuflent    of    natural 
history  also,  because  of  the  remarkable     diversity  of  structure 


Fig.  6     Larva  of  Tipula    ab-iomi 


is    Say.      (Reprint  from  X.  Y.  State  Mus.  Bu!.  47) 

and   habits   of  the   larvae.      The   group   is   largely   represented 
within    our    borders,    and    during   two    past    field    seasons    I    have 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


M 


been  gathering  specimens  whenever  I  had  opportunity,  and 
studying  life  histories  whenever  other  more  insistent  work 
would  allow.  In  previous  reports  I  have  published  more  or 
less  complete  life  histories  of  a  number  of  crane 
flies  with  descriptions  and  figures  of  the  imma- 
ture stages.  I  wish  to  add  at  the  present  time 
the  description  of  another  larva,  and  of  two 
new  species,  a  preliminary  list  of  the  species  of 
New  York  State,  a  key  to  our  genera,  and  a 
study  of  the  wing  venation  of  the  family. 

Crane  flies  are  doubtless  familiar  to  everyone, 
although,  perhaps,  to  some,  under  other  names. 
Figure  5  illustrates  the  form  of  the  more 
famihar  species  of  the  field  and  meadow. 
"  Daddy  longlegs  "  they  are  called  by  some,  but 
this  name  is  applied  indiscriminately  to  almost 
any  other  long  legged  insect.  "  Gallinippers  "  is 
perhaps  a  local  name,  heard  more  commonly 
westward  than  within  this  State.  Time  wajs 
(and  that  recently  too)  when  marvelous  tales 
of  the  biting  powers  of  bottom  land  mosquitos 
were  proved  by  reference  to  the  size  of  the 
"  gallinippers  "  that  could  be  pointed  out  in  the 
infested  districts;  but  that  was  before  the  recent 
awakening  in  the  study  of  mosquitos  had  made 
everybody  able  to  distinguish  them  from  crane 
flies.  The  smaller  crane  flies  are,  indeed,  mos- 
T]uitolike  in  form,  but  easily  distinguished  by 
their  structure.  Certain  adult  crane  flics  are 
provided  with  'a  long  beak  but  it  is  apparently 
not  used  for  biting.  None  arc  harmful  to  man 
in  the  adult  stage. 

Economic  importance.  As  larvae  a  consider- 
able proportion  of  the  group  lives  in  the  water; 
many  live  in  wet  soil  and  mud ;  soine  live  in 
meadows  and  pastures ;  and  a  few  live  in  wood. 
It  is  in  the  two  last  named  groups  that  are  found 
the  species  that  arc  injurious  to  man's  interests. 

The  larvae  of  the  meadow  inhabiting  species 
are  known  as  "  leather  jackets  "  or  "  meadow  maggots."     11icy  bur- 
row in   the  sr)il  and  destroy  the  roots  of  grasses,  and   when   they 


■^1 


V.p..  7  Pupae  of  Tip- 
ula  f  1  avicans.  (Rc- 
l.rint  from  N.Y.  State 
Mus.  Dul.  68) 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I9O/  201 

become  abundant,  they  may  be  very  destructive.  The  following 
are  the  more  important  papers  dealing  with  the  injurious 
species : 

1892  Webster,  F.  M.     Craneflies:   Leather  Jackets.     O.  Agr.    Exp.    Sta. 

Bui.  46,  p.  238-47.  (Fig.  of  egg,  larva  and  pupa  and  adult  T  i  p  u  1  a 
bicornis    and  of  adult    Pachyrina    sp.  ?) 

1893    Methods    of    Oviposition    in     Tipulidae.    O.    Agr. 

Exp.  Sta.  Tech.  Ser.  1:151-54,  pi.  i,  fig.  4-7,  pi.  2,  fig.  i,  2 

1896    Hopkins,  A.  D.  &  Rumsey,  W.  E.    The  Meadow  Maggots.    W.  Va. 
Agr.  Exp.  Sta.  Bui.  44,  p.  258 

1898  Bruner,   L.       Craneflies  Attacking   Clover.      Neb.    State    Bd     Agr. 

Rep't  of  Entomol.  p.  256-57.     (Discusses  habits  and  remedies) 

1899  Ewert   Paper  in  Zeitschr.  f.  Pflanzenkrank.  9:328-2329.   (Reviewed 

in  Exp.  Sta.  Record,  11:1066) 
1901     Fuchs,    F.      Ueber    einige    neue    Forstschadliche    Tipulidenarten. 
(Summary  in    Centralbl.   Bakter.   Abt.   IT.   6:573) 

It  appears  from  the  foregoing  American  papers  that  the  in- 
jury from  crane  fly  larvae  in  meadows  is  easiest  controlled  by 
rotation  of  crops. 

Figure  6  is  the  larvae  of  a  mud  inhabiting  species;  those 
that  dwell  in  moist  soil  are,  as  a  rule,  similar  in  form,  with 
less  of  color  pattern  and  with  much  shorter  appendages  about 


Fig.  8  Crane  fly  larvae:  alarva  of  P  e  di  c  i  a  albivitta;  6  head  from  below;  ccaudalend 
from  above  of  the  same ;  d  ventral  view  of  end  of  abdomen  of  larva  of  Epiphragma 
fascipennis,  showing  protruded  rectal  gills;  e  larva  ofRaphidolabis  tenuipes 

the  end  of  the  body.  The  pupae  [fig.  7]  are  formed  in  the 
end  of  the  larval  burrow,  the  head  end  usually  projecting  up- 
ward near  the  surface  of  the  soil.  On  plates  31  and  32  are  shown 
the  stages  of  development  in  a  species  that  lives  under  the 
wet  bark  of  trees  and  rotting  logs  [repeated  from  N.  Y.  State 


202  NEW    YORK    STAT;^    MUSEUM 

Mus.  Bill.  68.  where  first  published  J.  and  figure  8a-  herewith  shows 
the  form  and  structure  of  the  larva  of  a  species  that  lives  in  the 
water  of  spring  brooks  [also  copied  from  the  above  mentioned 
bulletin]. 

Crane  flies  are  much  neglected  by  collectors  of  insects,  for 
at  best  they  do  not  make  a  very  attractive  collection,  and 
good  specimens  are  obtained  only  with  more  than  the  usual 
care  that  is  bestowed  upon  them.  At  their  worst  they  are  an 
unsightly  assortment  of  mostly  legless  fragments.  Their  legs 
break  ofif  very  easily,  and  rough  handling  will  surely  !■  )se 
them.  But  if  specimens  are  taken  in  a  net  with  reasonable 
care,  killed  in  a  cyanide  bottle  without  handling,  and  pinned  soon 
after  killing,  there  will  be  little  difficulty  in  getting  specimens  with 
six  legs.  It  will  not  do  to  leave  them  lying  around  in  the 
cyanide  bottle;  for  the  legs  soon  become  detachable  with  the 
slightest  touch.  If  specimens  are  to  be  spread,  the  spreading 
should  be  done  on  a  flat  board  drilled  with  small  holes,  and 
the  flies  spread  in  inverted  position  with  the  pin  heads  stuck  down 
the  holes. ^  Thus  placed.  Ixitli  wings  and  legs  are  easily  arranged 
in  any  position  desired. 

My  own  collecting  of  crane  flies  has  been  done  chiefly  about 
water  and  with  the  aid  of  a  trap  lantern.  I  have  obtained  thus 
mainly  the  smaller  and  less  conspicuous  species,  nearly  all  of 
which  belong  to  the  subfamily  Limnobiinae.  I  have  found 
few  new  species,  and  of  these  I  have  described  only  those  I 
wished  to  refer  to  by  name  in  the  venation  study  which  follows. 
I  have  been  on  the  lookout  especially  for  such  as  would  show 
new    \enational    ])c'euliarities    or    variations. 

The  fewness  of  the  new  forms  encountered  is  evidence  of 
the  tJioroughness  of  the  collecting  done  by  I'.aron  ( )sten  Sacken 
on  his  visits  to  West  Point,  Saratoga  and  Trenton  Falls,  while 
he  was  in  the  diplomatic  service  at  \\  ashington.  Trenton 
Falls  especially  yielded  him  a  large  number  of  new  species. 
Old  Forge  lies  near  Trenton  l-'alls.  and  furnishes  kindred  habi- 
tats, and  T  was  much  pleased  while  collecting  there  to  be 
able    to   pick    nj)    most    of   Ostcn    Sacken's    species. 

In  the  following  list  arc  included  tin-  names  of  104  species 
of  crane  flics  nearly  all  of  which  have  now  been  recorded  from 
the  .State.     The  list  is  of  course  very  incomplete,  and  it  is  hoped 

'  Sec  my  article,  ".\  Siiiii)Iific.l  .SprcadiiiK  Hoard  ''  in  Psyche.  1902. 
9  -.427-2?,. 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  203 

that  the  key  and  the  figures  will  facilitate  the  collection  and  identi- 
fication of  much  new. material  in  this  neglected  group. 

I  have  found  the  material  accumulated  in  the  course  of  the 
station  work  of  the  past  two  seasons  sufficient  in  amount  and 
variety,  and  in  the  range  of  forms  brought  together  to  serve 
for  the  basis  of  a  study  I  have  long  wished  to  make  of  the 
venation  of  the  crane  flies.  These  are  generally  recognized 
as  being  among  the  most  primitive  of  the  Diptera,  and  among 
the  more  generalized  of  the  families  that  seemed  likely,  on 
account  of  the  great  number  of  their  members  and  conse- 
quent variety  of  interrelated  forms,  to  offer  materials  for  the 
solution  of  some  pressing  problems  in  taxonomy.  That  among 
the  Tipulidae  might  be  found  the  key  to  the  solution  of  some 
of  the  remaining  problems  of  venation  has  seemed  altogether 
probable. 

Preliminary   list   of    New   York   crane   flies 

The  following  list  is  based  on  the  collections  accumulated 
during  the  course  of  the  summers  of  1905  and  1907  (mainly  by 
trap  lantern),  the  published  records  (chiefly  taken  from 
Aldrich's  Catalogue  of  North  America  Diptera)  and  data  avail- 
able in  the  Cornell  University  collection.  For  the  conven- 
ience of  the  user,  I  follow  the  order  of  arrangement  of  the 
above  mentioned  catalogue,  although,  as  stated  elsewdiere  I 
believe  the  natural  order  of  arrangement  of  the  group  is  therein 
frequently    inverted. 

1  G  e  r  a  n  o  m  y  i  a  canadensis  "W'estw.  A  few  speci- 
mens were  taken  in  trap  lanterns  at  Old  Forge  during  August. 
Specimens  from  Manlius,  N.  Y.  August  20,  and  from  Ithaca 
(July  14-16)  are  in  the  Cornell  University  collection.  This 
species  hovers  about  wet  timbers  on  the  edge  of  streams  or 
on   wave   beaten   shores. 

2  R  h  i  p  i  d  i  a  f  i  d  e  1  i  s  O.  S.  This  species  was  described 
by  Osten  Sacken  from  specimens  obtained  from  Sharon 
Springs,    X.   Y.        I   have   not   seen   it. 

•3  Rhipidia  maculata  r^Ieigen.  This  pretty  species 
I  encountered  at  Old  Forge  in  two  very  different  situations. 
A  little  company  of  males  I  observed  hovering  about  the 
trunk  of  a  tall  beech  tree  in  the  yard  of  the  cottage  in  which 
I  lived  (Camp  Sakheywey).  The  trunk  was  i)artially  moss 
covered,  and   stood   on  the  edge  of  the   forest,  and   just  before 


204  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

nightfall  on  several  evenings  in  succession  I  saw  a  group  of 
six  or  eight  males  of  this  species  spinning  slowly  around  the 
trunk  in  zigzag  course,  rising  and  falling,  but  never  depart- 
ing more  than  a  few  inches  from  the  bark,  nor  rising  as  high 
as  the  spreading  branches  above.  By  climbing  a  pole  that  leaned 
against  the  trunk,  and  swinging  a  net  above  me  I  was  able  to 
capture  a  few  specimens.  The  other  situation  in  which  I 
found  this  species  was  in  my  water  tent  trap  [sec  preceding 
chapter].  Here  were  both  males  and  females,  doubtless  re- 
cently emerged  from  the  bed  of  the  brook;  or,  possibly  from 
the  scanty  layer  of  moss  that  was  exposed  on  some  of  the 
stones  in  the  brook.  This  is  a  very  different  habitat  from 
that  reported  from  the  European  species  of  the  genus  —  excre- 
ment, or  decaying  matter  [Wahlgren.  Ent.  Tidskr.]. 

4  Discobola  argus  Say.  Several  times  reported  from 
the  State,  hitherto,  but  not  encountered  by  me. 

5  Dicranomyia  badia  Walk.  I  collected  this  species 
sparingly  at  "The  Glen"  Ithaca  in  May,  and  there  are  speci- 
mens  in  the   Cornell  University  collection  dated  in  June. 

6  Dicranomyia  brevivena  O.  S.  Recorded  by 
Osten  Sacken  from  New  York. 

7  Dicranomyia  haeretica  O.  S.  Taken  at  Old 
Forge  in  August. 

8  Dicranomyia  i  m  m  o  d  e  s  t  a  O.  S.  Taken  by  me 
at  Old  Forge  in  August  1905,  and  by  Dr  Betten  in  August  1906, 
at  Niagara  Falls. 

9  Dicranomyia  liberta  O.  S.  Reported  by  Osten 
Sacken  from  New  York. 

10  Dicranomyia  1  o  n  g  i  p  e  n  n  i  s  O.  S.  Reported  by 
Osten  Sacken  from  New  York. 

ir  Dicranomyia  moniliformis  Doanc.  Described 
by  Doanc  from  Long  Island. 

12  Dicranomyia  morioides  O.  S.  Reported  by 
Osten  Sacken  from  Trenton  Falls.  I  observed  males  at  "  The 
Glen  "  Ithaca  about  the  middle  of  June  1907,  swarming  in  vast 
companies,  over  an  open  roadway  and  in  the  hollow  of  a  hill- 
side meadow. 

13  Dicranomyia  p  u  b  i  p  c  n  n  i  s  O.  S.  "]   Reported       by 

14  D  i  c  r  a  n  o  m  v  i  a  r  a  r  a  O.  S.  I    ^^^^"  Sacken 

from         New 

15  D  i  c  r  a  n  o  ni  y  i  a  r  o  s  t  r  i  f  c  r  a  O.   S.     J      York. 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  205 

16  Dicranomyia  simulaiis  Walk,  A  full  account  of 
the  life  history  and  habits  of  this  widespread  species  is  given 
on  pages  following. 

17  Dicranomyia  pudica  O.  S.  June,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  Cor- 
nell University  collection. 

18  Dicranomyia  stulta  O.  S.  Reported  by  Osten 
Sacken  from  Trenton  Falls,  N.  Y. 

19  Limnobia  cinctipes  Say.  A  few  specimens  of 
this  widespread  and  handsome  species  came  to  trap  lanterns  at 
Old  Forge  in  August  1905. 

20  Limnobia  immatura  O.  S.  Regional,  but  appar- 
ently not  yet  reported  from  the  State. 

21  Limnobia  indigena  O.  S.  Taken  at  Old  Forge 
in  August.  "  The  Glen  "  Ithaca  on  June  4th,  and  specimens  are 
in  the  Cornell  University  collection  from  Manlius,  N.  Y.  dated 
September  i,  1872.     Apparently  it  is  of  wide  seasonal  range. 

22  Limnobia  parietina  O.  S.  Described  from  Tren- 
ton Falls,  N.  Y. 

23  Limnobia  solitaria  O.  S.  Reported  by  Osten 
Sacken  from  the  State. 

24  Limnobia  triocellata  O.  S.  Described  from  Tren- 
ton Falls.  In  the  Cornell  University  collection  from  Manlius, 
N.  Y.,  September  i,  1872. 

25  Toxorhina  muliebris  O.  S.  Reported  by  Osten 
Sacken  from  the  State. 

26  Rhamphidia  flavipes  Macq.  I  captured  speci- 
mens of  this  species  flying  singly  about  the  marsh  near  the 
Cornell  University  Biological  Field  Station  about  the  first  of 
June  1907.  They  flew  from  stem  to  stem,  with  considerable 
speed,  but  with  little  persistence  of  flight. 

27  Elephantomyia  westwoodi  O.  S.  A  few  speci- 
mens came  to  trap  lanterns  set  over  Moose  river  at  Old  Forge 
in  August  1905. 

28  Atarba  picticornis  O.  S.  I  have  a  specimen  that 
has  lost  its  label,  that  came,  I  think,  from  Old  Forge,  it  was 
reported  from  Trenton  Falls  by  Osten  Sacken. 

29  Dicranoptycha  germana  O.  S.  Obtained  in  trap 
lanterns  at  Old  Forge  in  July  and  August. 

30  T  e  u  c  h  o  1  a  b  i  s  c  o  m  p  1  e  x  a  O.  S.  Reported  by  Osten 
Sacken  from  Trenton  Falls. 

31  Antocha  opalizans  O.  S.  Obtained  in  my  tent 
trap  in  Beaver  Meadow  brook  "in  extraordinary  abundance,  as 
detailed  elsewhere  in  this  report. 


206  NEW    YORK    STATK    MUSEUM 

32  C  1  a  d  u  r  a  i  n  d  i  v  i  s  a  (J.  S.  Ivcportcd  1)\-  (Jstcn  Sackcn 
from  Trenton  l-'alls. 

33  C  r  y  p  t  o  1  a  b  i  s  p  a  r  a  d  o  x  a  O.  S.  Two  male  speci- 
mens in  the  Cornell  University  collection  were  taken  at  Enfield 
Falls,  N.  Y.  on  July  12,  189 1. 

34  R  h  y  p  h  o  1  o  p  h  us  li  o  1  o  t  r  i  c  h  u  s  O.  S.  Ithaca,  X.  Y., 
May  20,  1 89 1. 

35  Rhypholophus  innocens  ().  S.  "The  (]len  "' 
Ithaca.  May  22,  1907. 

36  R  h  }■  ])  h  o  1  o  ])  h  u  s  monticola  ( ).  S.  Taken  com- 
monly at  ( )1{1  I'"ori(e  in  tra])  lanterns  in  August. 

yj  R  h  y  p  h  o  1  o  ji  h  u  s  m  e  i  i^- e  n  i  i  C).  S.  "The  Glen" 
Ithaca,   -May  30,  1907. 

3<S  R  h  y  p  h  o  1  0  ])  li  11  s  n  i  .<;•  r  i  p  i  1  u  s  ( ).  S.  "The  Glen" 
Ithaca.  May  22,  1907. 

39  Rhypholophus  n  u  1)  i  I  u  s  O.  S.  "The  Glen" 
Ithaca,  May  22.  1907. 

40^  Rhypholophus  ruljcllus  O.  S.  Reported  by 
Osten  Sacken  from  West  Point,  X.  "Y  Specimens  in  the  Cornell 
University  collection  were  taken  at  Jthaca.  May  20.  1891. 

41  E  r  i  o  p  t  e  r  a  (IT  o  j)  1  o  ]>  a  s  i  s  )  a  r  m  a  t  a  (  ).  S.  Reported 
by  Osten  Sacken  from  the  Stale.  1  ha\c  obstrx  rd  iliis  sj)ecies 
swarmiufi^  in  a  ra\ine  in  the  liiolo.gicar Garden  ai  Lake  Eorest 
in  Illinois.  At  a  \ery  low  elevation  in  an  open  ])athway  that 
was  overarched  by  shrubs,  companies  of  a  few  score  were 
danciuL,'  up  and  down.  or.  when  disturbed,  scalteriu};'  with 
irre.G^ular  ■/'\'^/:,\<^  llit,dit.  Amoui.;-  sexcral  hundred  specimens  cap- 
turerl  with  a  net   from  these  swarms,  all  were  males  save  three. 

42  E  r  i  o  p  t  e  r  a  a  r  mill  a  r  i  s  (  ).  S.  Described  from  Tren- 
ton Falls. 

43  E  r  i  o  p  t  e  r  a  (  .M  e  s  o  c  y  p  h  o  n  a)  c  a  1  o  p  t  e  r  a  Say. 
This  widi-]\  distributed  specii-s  I  have  taken  in  tra])  Kanterns 
wherever  I  have  run  them,  but  alwaxs  spariji}.;[ly.  .\  few  .adults 
can   if-ualU-  be  ^wc-pt    from   \  cj^i'l.ilii  mi   in   wi't   swalt's. 

44  ICrioptera  c  h  I  o  r  o  j)  h  \  1  I  a  (  ).  S.  This  cr.ine  lly. 
imi(|ue  in  its  pale  f,M-een  color,  m.ay  often  be  obtaiui-d  in  \er\- 
great  nund)ers  in  trap  lanterns  that  are  si't  <p\-er  beds  of  sub- 
merged vegetation  in  still  w.ater.  The  lantern  that  was  set  at 
the    hatcliery    pier    in    (  )ld    I'orge    p-md    attnicti-d    considerable 

'40"  l<  .  ri  r  e  11  ;i  I  11  -  D^.-mc  imd  .|o''  \\  .  ji  a  r  ;i  I  I  c  I  u  s  l)(.;inr  fruin 
Itliac.'i  liavir  been  'kseril)cil  siiicc  the.  .iliovc-  list  was  inip.ircd  (  l-liU.  Xcws. 
19:201-2). 


RKPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    Ifjt)/  20/ 

numbers,  Ijut  not  such  excess  as  came  to  my  lanterns  when  set 
in  shallow  lakes  in  the  ^Middle-Western  States.  Its  larva  — 
probably  strictly  a(|uatic  —  has  not  yet  been  found. 

45  E  r  i  o  p  t  e  r  a  c  h  r  y  s  o  c  o  m  a  O.  S.  Regional,  but  not 
yet  reported  from  the  State. 

46  E  r  i  o  p  t  e  r  a  s  e  j)  t  e  m  t  r  i  o  n  a  1  i  s  O.  S.  Obtained 
from  trap  lanterns  set  on  Moose  river  at  (Jld  Forf^e  in  August 
1905. 

47  E  r  i  o  p  t  e  r  a  (Ac  y  p  h  o  n  a)  v  e  n  u  s  t  a  O.  S.  Rarely 
taken  in  trap  lanterns.  Occasional  Sjuximens.  stretclied  out 
against  the  walls  like  grass  spiders,  could  frequently  be  found 
on  the  Old  Forge  hatchery.  This  species  frequents  the  fallen 
leaves  in  the  woods,  and  against  the  brown  background  of  this 
leaf  cover,  it  is  well  nigh  invisible. 

r  Both  these  species 

48  Erioptera    vespertina    O.  S.J        are  regional,  but 

49  Erioptera    villosa    O.   S.  ]        unreported    from 

L      the  State. 

50  Molophilus  hirtipennis  O.  S.  Taken  in  trap 
lanterns  at  ( )ld  Forge  sparingly  during  July  and  August.  "The 
Glen  "  Ithaca  June  17,  1907. 

51  ]\Iolophilus  pubipennis  O.  S.  Taken  in  trap 
lanterns  at  Old  Forge  in  August. 

r  Reported  by  Osten 

52  ( J  o  n  o  m  y  1  a  b  1  a  n  d  a  O.  S.  '       c     1         x  xi 

^  '  I       Sacken  from  the 

53  G  o  n  o  m  y  i  a  s  u  b  c  i  n  e  r  e  a  O.  S.  J       State,     the     last 

54  G  o  n  o  m  v  i  a  s  u  1  p  h  u  r  e  1 1  a  O.  S.  '       ^^^'''    ^'^^'"    '^^^"' 

I       ton    Falls. 

55  E  m  p  c  d  a  s  t  i  g  m  a  t  i  c  a  O.  S.  Described  by  Osteu 
Sacken  from  Trenton  Falls. 

56  II  el  obi  a  punctipennis  Aleig.  A  wide  ranging 
species,  that  comes  sparingly  to  trap  lanterns.  It  appears  on 
the  wing  in  the  Renwick  marshes  at  Ithaca  ])efore  the  frost  is 
all  out  of  the  ground  in  March. 

57  Chionea  valga  Harris.  An  early  winter  species  of 
wingless  crane  fly,  best  kncjwn  for  its  habit  of  appearing  on 
snow.  Specimens  in  the  Cornell  University  collection  arc  from 
Manlius.  X.  Y.,  October  i,  1872.  and  from  Ithaca  Xovcmber  15, 
1892  and  March  15,  1896.  Dr  Riley  collected  a  number  of  speci- 
mens at  Forest  Home  in  December  I9'07.  and  a  single  specimen 
of  another  apparently  undescribed  sjjccies,  with  spinous  mifldle 
femora. 


208  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

58  Trimicra  anomala  O.  S.  Reported  by  Osten  Sacken 
from  the  State. 

59  Gnophomyia  tristissima  O.  S.  Norton's  Land- 
ing, N.  Y.,  June  19,  1872,  in  Cornell  University  collection. 

60  Ulomorpha  pilosella  O.  S.  Described  from  Tren- 
ton Falls.  Taken  in  trap  lanterns  at  Old  Forge  once  or  twice 
in  July. 

61  T  r  i  c  h  o  c  e  r  a  b  r  u  m  a  1  i  s  Fitch.  This  species  appears 
on  the  wing  in  late  autumn  and  early  spring,  and  on  warm  days 
in  winter.     It  is  seen  not  infrequently  flying  over  the  snow. 

62  Limnophila  (Dicranophragma)  fuscovaria 
O.  S.  In  the  Cornell  University  collection  from  Norton's  Land- 
ing, N.  Y. 

63  Limnophila  macrocera  Say,  Axton,  N.  Y.  June 
1901    (MacGillivray). 

64  Limnophila  (D  a  c  t  y  1  o  1  a  b  i  s)  montana  O.  S. 
A  specimen  was  sent  me  by  Mr  Charles  P.  Alexander,  taken 
on  the  i6th  of  May  at  Gloversville,  N.  Y. 

65  Limnophila  n  i  v  e  i  t  a  r  s  i  s  O.  S.  Several  female 
specimens  were  taken  in  trap  lanterns  at  Old  Forge,  July  20th, 

66  Limnophila  (Prionolabis)  rufibasis  O.  S. 
Norton's  Landing,  N.  Y.,  June  2,  1872,  in  Cornell  University 
collection. 

67  Limnophila  tenuipes  Say.  Manlius,  N.  Y.,  Sep- 
tember 6,  1872,  Cornell  University  collection. 

68  Limnophila    toxoneura    O.   S.l™<en  commonly 

I    at  Old  Forge  in 

69  Limnophila  b  r  e  v  i  f  u  r  c  a   O.  S.        August. 

70  Limnophila  adusta  O.  S.  Manlius,  N.  Y.,  Sep- 
tember 6,  1872,  Cornell  University  collection. 

71  Ei)iphragma  fascipennis  Say.  Ithaca,  May  8, 
1891. 

72  Eriocera  longicornis  Walk.  Itliaca,  May  2,  in 
Cornell  University  collection. 

73  Eriocera  spinosa  O.  S.  Recorded  by  Osten  Sacken 
from  Trenton  Falls. 

74  Penthoptera  albitarsis  O.  S.  Ithaca,  N.  Y., 
July  14,  1892,  a  single  male  in  the  Cornell  University  collection. 
"The  Glen"  Ithaca,  September  17,  1907;  a  single  female  speci- 
men that  I  captured  in  my  hat  while  it  hovered  with  its  long, 
white  feet  outspread  over  the  surface  of  the  water  in  a  spring 
basin. 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  '^0<) 

75  R  h  a  p  h  i  d  o  1  a  b  i  s  t  e  n  u  i  p  e  s  O.  S.  This  species  ap- 
peared in  surprising  abundance  in  my  tent  trap  set  in  Beaver 
Meadow  brook  at  Old  Forge.  In  a  spring  brook  at  "  The  Glen  " 
Ithaca,  I  have  found  it  likewise  abundant.  The  larva  is  described 
at  the  conclusion  of  this  list. 

76  Ula  elegans  O.  S.  "The  Glen"  Ithaca,  May  25, 
1907;  at  trap  lanterns,  rarely,  in  August  at  Old  Forge. 

yy  A  m  a  1  o  p  i  s  c  a  1  c  a  r  O.  S.  At  trap  lanterns,  August 
1905,  Old  Forge. 

78  A  m  a  1  o  p  i  s  i  n  c  o  n  s  t  a  n  s  O.  S.  Manlius,  N.  Y.,  Sep- 
tember 10,  1872.  Old  Forge,  during  July  and  August.  Not  infre- 
quently resting  spiderlike  on  the  outside  of  the  hatchery  build- 
ing at  Old  Forge,  and  easily  picked  by  hand. 

79  Pedicia  albivitta  Walk.  Specimens  labeled  Bald- 
winsville,  N.  Y.,  September,  and  Manlius,  N.  Y.,  September  10, 
1872  are  in  the  Cornell  University  collection.  The  figures  of 
the  immature  stages  of  this  species  described  by  me  in  bulletin 
68  of  the  N.  Y.  State  Museum  are  republished  herewith  [fig.  18 
a,  b,  c]. 

80  Liogma  nodicornis  O.  S.  A  single  pair  of  this 
species  was  taken  while  sweeping  by  the  spring  at  the  "  Old  fish 
ponds  "  at  Old  Forge.  They  were  clinging  to  the  grasses  at 
the  edge  of  the  spring  brook. 

81  Phalacrocera  tipulina  O.  S.  Of  this  interesting 
species  I  have  seen  only  a  single  wing  [pi.  3,  fig.  6:  it  is  ample 
for  identification].  I  found  it  in  the  leaf  of  a  pitcher  plant 
(S  a  r  r  a  c  e  n  i  a)  in  a  little  upland  sphagnum  bog  between  Little 
Moose  mountain  and  the  Old  Forge  pond  while  accompanying 
Dr  Felt  on  a  collecting  trip  for  bog  mosquitos  August  3.  1905. 
The  "pitcher"  contained  besides  this  wing: 

8  wings  of  an  undetermined  species  of  Dicranomyia 
4  wings  of  an  undetermyied  species  of  Rhamphomyia 
4  wings  of  some  member  of  Anthomyiidae 
4  wings  of  some  member  of  the  Muscidae 
I  wing  of     a  Ceratopogon 

1  wing  of     a  Leptomorphus 

4  wings  of  undetermined   species   of   Sciophila 

2  wings  of  undetermined  species  of  Psilocephala 

4  wings  of  an  undetermined  caddis  fly,  probably  Limnophila 

The  remains  of  a  big  longicorn  beetle,  and 

4  living  and  normal  orthoraphous  fly  larvae,  healthy  and  well  fed  citizens 
of  the  place.  The  miscellaneous  Diptera  of  the  above  list  were  kindly  deter- 
mined for  me  by  Dr  O.  A.  Johannsen. 


2IO  NEW    YORK    STATE    MCSEUM 

82  I  d  i  o  p  1  a  s  t  a  f  i  t  c  h  i  O.  S.  This  singular  and  primi- 
tive crane  fly  was  originally  discovered  in  Xew  York  State, 
but  seems  not  to  have  been  taken  there  again.  I  have  not  seen 
living  specimens. 

83  B  i  1 1  a  c  o  m  o  r  p  h  a  c  1  a  v  i  p  e  s  Fabr.  Saranac  Inn, 
Old  Forge,  Ithaca,  common  in  the  red  rotten  debris  that  lies 
half  floating  at  the  edge  of  the  water  in  sequestered  places  in 
swales  and  at  the  head  of  ponds.  Its  singular  larva  and  pupa 
are  well  known  through  the  description  and  figures  published 
by  :\Ir  Hart  [111.  State  Lab.  Xat.  Hist.  Bui.  4:190-95,  pi.  6]. 

84  Ptychoptera  rufocincta  O.  S.  ^^'est  Dauby, 
X.  Y.,  first  week  in  June  1905. 

85  D  o  1  i  c  h  o  i:>  e  z  a  a  m  e  r  i  c  a  n  a  n.  sp.  Old  Forge  in 
i\ugust.     Description  follows  at  the  end  of  this  list. 

86  Oropeza  annulata  Say.  Old  Forge,  X.  Y..  and 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  in  August. 

87  Xiphura  frontalis  O.  S.  Ithaca.  X.  Y.,  May  31, 
Cornell  University  collection. 

88  Xiphura  f  u  m  i  p  e  n  n  i  s  O.  S.  Ithaca.  X\  Y.,  May  31, 
Cornell  University  collection. 

89  Xiphura  topazina  O.  S.  Ithaca.  X.  Y.,  May  31, 
Cornell  University  collection. 

90  P  a  c  h  y  r  h  i  n  a  i  n  c  u  r  v  a  Loew.  Manlius.  X.  Y.,  Au- 
gust 24,  1872. 

91  Pachyrhina  lugens  Loew.  X^orton's  Landing, 
N.  Y.,  June  2.  1S72. 

92  Pachyrhina  unifasciata  Loew.  Xorton's  Land- 
ing, X.  Y.,  August  12,  1872. 

93  Pachyrhina  u  n  i  m  a  c  u  1  a  t  a  Loew.  Xorton's  Land- 
ing. X.  Y.,  September  6,- 1872. 

To  the  following  records  of  occurrence  of  Tipulinae  in  the 
State  \  have  nothing  to  add.  The  species  arc  represented  in 
the  Cornell  Uni\crsity. 

94  I '  a  c  h  \-  r  h  i  n  a    f  c  r  r  u  g  i  n  e  a     l-'abr. 

95  P  a  c  h  y  r  li  i  n  a    g  r  a  c  i  1  i  c  o  r  n  i  s    Loew. 

96  P  a  c  h  y  r  h  i  n  a    ]>  c  d  u  n  c  u  1  a  t  a     Loew. 

97  P  a  c  h  y  r  h  i  11  a     tenuis    Lc  10 w. 

98  T  i  p  u  1  a    a  b  d  o  lu  i  n  a  1  i  s    .'^a}-.     ."^araiiac   i  nn.  Ithaca 

99  T  i  p  u  1  a    a  p  i  c  a  1  i  s    Loew. 
100     Tipula   bclla    Loew. 

loi     '!"  i  ])  n  1  a    fasciata    Loew. 


KKI'ORT    OV    THE    STATK    i:.\TO:*lUL(l(  IIST    I907  211 

102  T  i  p  u  1  a    j^-  r  a  t  a    Loew.     Sharon  Springs 

103  Tipnla    infuscata    Locw. 

104  Tipnla    strepcns    Loew.     Axton 

New  genus  and  two  new  species  of  Tipulidae 

In  the  conrse  of  my  collecting  of  Tipnlidae  I  have  taken  a 
number  of  forms  that  appear  to  be  new  to  science,  but  most 
of  these  are  species  that  show  no  venational  peculiarities,  and 
need  not  be  considered  here.  Finding  it  necessary  to  refer  to 
the  others  by  name,  I  give  herewith  brief  diagnoses  of  them. 

Oropeza  n.  gen.  Radial  sector  apparently  two  branched,  its 
base  very  short,  originating  opposite  the  tip  of  the  subcosta ; 
median  vein  three  branched,  with  a  median  cross  vein  closing  a 
very  narrow  discal  cell  that  is  situated  almost  entirely  beyond 
the  inner  line  of  cross  veins,  and  vein  AL  is  bent  upward  upon  this 
cross  vein.  Legs  excessively  long,  femur  and  tibia  of  equal  length, 
and  the  first  tarsal  segment  as  long  as  both  together;  each  tarsal 
segment  as  long  as  all  the  segments  beyond  it  taken  together. 
Paired  valves  of  ovipositor  of  the  female  of  very  unequal  length. 

Type  T  i  p  u  1  a  a  n  n  u  1  a  t  a  Say.  This  species  has  been 
doubtfully  referred  to  Dolichopeza  hitherto.  In  venation  it  dif- 
fers markedly  in  the  relation  the  deflection  of  Cu^  bears  to  the 
first  fork  of  the  median  vein,  and  in  the  retention  of  a  median 
cross  vein,  and  in  some  minor  matters  such  as  the  relatively 
longer  -base  of  its  radial  sector.  These  differences  may  be 
seen  by  comparing  figures  3  and  5  of  plate  16. 

Dolichopeza  americana  n.  sp.  Osten  Sacken  has  reported  the 
occurrence  of  undescribed  species  of  this  genus  in  America,  and 
one  of  them  I  found  at  Old  Forge  in  August  1905.  That  it 
is  a  true  Dolichopeza  Avill  be  seen  by  reference  to  the  vena- 
tion of  its  wing  as  shown  in  plate  16.  figure  5. 

Its  expanse  of  wing  is  21  mm.  Its  color  is  brownish,  paler 
ventrally.  Its  antennae  are  of  moderate  length,  with  the  brown 
flagellum  consisting  of  10  segments,  slowly  diminishing  in 
length  toward  the  tip  and  beset  with  a  few  stout,  black  hairs. 
The  wings  are  of  pale  brown,  with  venation  as  shown  in  the 
figure  just  cited,  the  halteres  are  infuscated  at  tips.  The  legs 
are  of  the  usual  excessive  length :  femora  and  tibiae  are  brown, 
with  white  bases,  and  all  the  tarsus  is  white  except  the  basal 
half  of  the  first  segment  and  the  apical  half  of  the  fifth  segment, 
?  Dicranomyia  whartoni   n.  sp.     Expanse  of  wings  9.5  mm. 


212  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Color  yellowish,  darker  on  the  dorsum,  and  on  the  forelegs. 
Wings  hyaline  with  brownish  veins,  the  color  being  -deepest 
along  the  radial  and  cubital  stems.  IMiddle  and  hind  legs  yellow, 
forelegs  brownish,  all  legs  darker  on  tips  of  tarsi.  The  head  is 
yellow  but  the  three  terminal  segments  of  the  palpi  are  brown,  and 
the  fiagellum  of  the  antenna  is  brownish;  it  consists  of  12  oval 
segments,  the  last  one  seated  styluslike  on  the  apex  of  the  one  be- 
fore it  and  not  fully  differentiated  therefrom,  the  fiagellum  hardly 
longer  than  the  total  length  of  the  head  including  its  short  proboscis. 
The  lower  valves  of  the  ovipositor  are  broad  and  obtuse  at  the  apex ; 
the  upper  valves  are  short,  triangular  at  base,  but  prolonged  and  up- 
curved  at  apex;  and  the  tips  of  the  two  pairs  are  nearly  on  a  level. 

A  single  female  specimen  was  obtained  at  Walnut,  Lake  Michi- 
gan on  the  7th  of  August  1906  in  a  trap  lantern.  It  will  probably 
eventually  constitute  a  new  genus,  but  it  is  evidently  derived  from 
the  more  typical  Dicranomyia,  by  a  process  of  reduction,  and  it  rep- 
resents the  maximum  of  reduction  of  the  median  vein  along  this 
developmental  line. 

I  take  pleasure  in  dedicating  this  species  to  my  former  pupil 
Mr.  C.  O.  Wharton,  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  pencil  drawings  for  most  of  the  original  figures 
of  this  paper,  and  for  some  other  assistance  toward  its  prepa- 
ration. 

I  wish  to  call  attention  in  passing,  to  a  number  of  forms 
in  this  family  that  are  misplaced.  Meunier's  fossil  crane  tiy 
from  amber  Palaeoerioptera  [Ent.  Soc.  France.  Bui.  68:359,  %•  1 
is  not  a  Tipulid  at  all  but  belongs  to  the  Psychodidae. 

Van  der  Wulp's  Tipula  tenuis  [Tijd.  v.  Ent.  1884,  28:85, 
pi.  4,  fig.  7.  I  have  copied  the  figure  in  pi.  16,  fig.  2]  is  not  a 
Tipula  at  all.  In  its  long  m-cu  cross  vein,  situate  at  the  very  inner 
end  of  the  cell,  ist  M,,  it  is  much  more  like  Megistocera  [sccp\.  16. 
fig.  4]  but  it  probably  represents  a  new  genus. 

If  the  two  figures  T  have  copied  on  plate  18,  figures  5  and  6 
are  at  all  accurate,  Libnotcs  must  be  polymorphic.  The  last 
figure  is  probably  incorrect  in  its  representation  of  the  wing  veins 
near  the  costal  border  of  the  wing. 

Larva  of  Rhaphidolabis  tenuipes  O.  S. 
In  Beaver  Meadow  brook,  just  bcfr)rc  the  door  of  the  water  tent 
described   in   preceding  pages,   I   collected    from   among  tlic   round 


REl'ORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  21;^ 

Stones  of  the  bottom,  a  few  larvae  of  this  species.  They  were  not 
reared,  but  the  abundance  of  aduhs  issuing  in  the  tent,  and  the 
great  Hkeness  of  the  larva  to  that  of  the  closely  allied  genus 
Dicranota,  as  described  and  figured  by  Aliall,^  leave  scarcely  a  pos- 
sible doubt  as  to  its  identity. 

The  larva  [fig.  19^]  measures  in  length  8-9  mm,  with  the  caudal 
processes  i  mm  additional.  Diameter  i  mm.  The  body  is  cylin- 
dric  and  tapers  forward  on  the  thoracic  segments,  which  while 
decreasing  in  diameter  increase  in  length,  the  first  segment, 
within  which  the  head  is  wholly  retracted,  being  twice  the  length 
of  the  third.  At  the  base  of  the  first  segment  is  a  narrow 
interpolated  ring,  which,  in  Dicranota  Miall  interpreted  as 
a  posterior  division  of  the  basal  abdominal  segment.  So  in- 
terpreted, the  abdomen  consists  of  9  segments  of  which  the 
first  two  and  the  last  one  are  legless,  while  the  intervening 
five  segments  bear  prolegs.  These  prolegs  are  fleshy,  retrac- 
tile, unpaired  and  widely  separated  on  the  mid  ventral  line, 
and  each  bears  a  circlet  of  outcurved  booklets  at  its  tip,  and 
diminishing  series  of  lesser  booklets,  graduating  into  the 
scurfy  pubescence  of  the  general  integument,  back  from  the  tip. 

The  skin  is  of  a  dirty  whitish  or  yellowish  white  color,  and 
its  appressed  pubescence  is  roached  up  into  two  tranverse  lines 
on  each  of  the  leg-bearing  segments  (which  thus,  and  by  reason 
of  a  slight  constriction  between  these  ridges  of  pubescence, 
is  made  to  appear  double)  and  into  single  lines  on  the  other 
segments.  The  abdomen  tapers  abruptly  upon  the  eighth  seg- 
ment to  the  end  and  bears  at  its  tip  two  long,  fleshy  filaments 
that  are  obtusely  pointed  and  bear  a  few  short,  terminal  hairs. 
Above  the  bases  of  these  filaments  is  the  imperfectly  developed 
respiratory  disk.  The  two  bare  spiracles  are  surrounded  by 
roundly  curved,  raised  lines  of  pubescence,  and  separated  by 
a  median  groove,  upon  which,  as  a  hinge  line,  apparently  they 
may  be  folded  up  together.  I  take  it  that  these  spiracles  are 
exposed  in  air,  and  closed  together  in  water,  and  that  four  anal 
tracheal  gills  that  may  be  seen  projecting  by  their  tips  from 
the  anus,  are  then  protruded  for  aquatic  respiration.  This  is 
a  common  arrangement  for  amphibious  life  in  crane  fly  larvae. 
However,  I  merely  collected  these,  and  did  not  study  their 
habits. 

'  Miall,  L.  C. 


214  ^'E^V    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

The  head  when  dissected  out  of  the  prothorax  shows  a  me- 
dian blackish  hne,  dilated  behind  where  it  joins  at  the  rear  of 
the  head,  and  shorter,  blackish,  paired  stripes  that  lie  upon  the  hind 
angles  externally.  The  length  of  the  head  is  three  times  its 
width.  The  blackish  mandibles  are  armed  internally  with  about 
five  teeth  among  which  are  two  longer  ones  that  alternate  with 
three  shorter  ones.  The  maxillae  are  shorter  than  the  mandi- 
bles, and  each  bears  a  bunch  of  tieshy  processes  upon  its  lip. 

Life  history  of  Dicranomyia  simulans  Walk 

This  common  and  widespread  species  is  found  about  wet  logs 
on  the  edges  of  streams,  and  on  wave  beaten  shores.  I  had  an 
excellent  opportunity  for  observing  its  life  history  and  habits 
at  Lake  Forest,  111.,  during  several  weeks  of  the  latter  part  of 
the  summer  of  1906.  It  is  abundant  on  the  piers  along  the 
west  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  and  the  "Ferry  Hall  Pier"  at 
Lake  Forest  was  conveniently  near  the  cottage  in  which  I  was 
living.  This  pier  was  built  on  heavy  driven  piling,  covered 
outside  with  heavy  plank.  About  three  feet  of  surface  was  ex- 
posed above  the  water  at  its  normal  stage.  The  planks  were 
old,  and  sheltered  a  scanty  growth  of  short,  stemmed  mosses 
in  the  cracks,  and  bore  a  hea\  y  fringe  of  Cladophora  and  other 
algae  just  below  the  water  line,  with  a  tilm  of  "  skin  algae  " 
extending  a  little  higher. 

All  over  the  sides  of  the  jilank.  in  either  sun  or  shade,  the 
adult  simulans  could  be  seen  throughout  the  summer 
months,  sometimes  in  C(3nsiderable  numlx-rs.  1  was  first  at- 
tracted to  notice  them  by  their  habit  ol  running  rapidly  side- 
wise  along  the  i)ier,  and  their  resemblance  lo  harvestmen 
(Phalangidae).  They  run  habitually  sidewise.  a])parently  rarely 
moving  forward  except  to  escape  an  obstruction,  and  very  rarely 
appearing  on  the  top  of  the  pier.  They  rest  in  an  inverted  po- 
sition on  the  under  surface  i)f  the  overhanging  i)lank  on  the 
top  of  the  ])ier.  They  stick  to  the  surface  so  persistently 
that  it  is  dititicult  to  make  one  take  flight;  they  may  be  driven 
all  about  on  the  surface,  or  poked  with  a  slick  ;  they  can  fly 
well  enough  when  they  will,  but  when  induced  to  fly  they 
settle  again  almost  at  once,  and  wilhin  a  few  feet  of  their 
starting  place. 

They  arc  associated  ujjou  the  piers  with  (1  e  r  a  n  o  m  y  i  a 
canadensis    and    with    numerous    midges    and    micro-caddis 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    HJO/  215 

ilies  (Hydroptilidae)   and  a  few  larger  caddis  flies  of  the  genus 
Hydropsyche. 

Males  are  more  in  evidence,  but  probably  not  more  abundant 
in  fact.  The  females  come  out  from  their  resting  places  only 
to  lay  their  eggs,  and  are  only  to  be  seen  when  busily  engaged 
in  the  performance  of  this  task.  They  stand  on  tiptoe,  with 
the  long  ovipositor  held  in  ^•ertical  position  at  the  tip  of  the 
deflexed  abdomen,  and  the}'  swing  the  body  up  and  down  in 
rapid  shuttlelike  vibration,  freely  rising  and  falling  on  the  long 
and  widely  outspread  legs.  Thus  the  point  of  the  ovipositor 
is  driven  against  the  wet  surface  of  the  plank,  thrusting  almost 
as  rapidly  as  the  needlebar  of  a  sewing  machine:  it  is  moved 
about  over  the  surface,  as  if  searching  for  soft  spots  in  the 
wood,  and  occasionally  it  makes  a  deeper  thrust  when  a  suitable 
place  is  found,  and  an  egg  is  deposited. 

The  egg-laying  process  is  often  interrupted  and  is  continu- 
ally interfered  with  by  the  too  importunate  males.  When  a 
male  in  running  about  on  the  plank  comes  upon  a  female 
ovipositing,  he  stands  directly  above  her  at  the  full  upward 
stretch  of  his  legs,  while  she  goes  right  along  with  her  work: 
but  the  instant  she  ceases  her  vibrating  and  lifts  her  ovipositor, 
he  is  ready  with  his  forceps,  upturned  and  outspread  at  the 
tip  of  his  decurved  abdomen,  to  seize  her.  Usually  she  does 
not  want  to  be  interrupted  and  moves  aw^ay,  while  he  tries  to 
run  parallel  and  maintain  all  the  while  his  position  of  vantage 
above  her.  Often  other  males  are  encountered,  and  then  the 
males  engage  in  a  rough  and  tumble  fight.  They  push  and 
shove  each  other  in  a  most  ludicrous  manner,  reminding  one 
of  pigs  fighting,  and  often  an  encounter  of  this  sort  enables 
the  female  to  escape  and  to  go  on   quietly  with   her  work. 

The  males  have  well  developed  eyes,  but  their  sight  must  be  very 
poor :  for.  while  always  searching  for  females,  they  seem  quite 
unable  to  find  them  by  sight,  often  passing  females  at  work  within 
a  distance  of  a  few  centimeters.  LUit  their  tactile  sense  seems 
more  acute.  When  a  male  in  running  to  and  fro  had  passed  several 
times  within  6  centimeters  of  a  female  without  noticing  her,  was 
deflected  from  his  course  toward  her  by  an  obstruction  I  purposely 
placed  in  his  way,  he  instantly  sprang  toward  her  upon  the  slightest 
contact,  even  of  tips  of  tarsi,  but  was  quite  unheeding  until  this 
contact  occurred.  If  it  did  not  occur  he  would  pass  on.  even  by 
the  narrowest  margin. 


2l6 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


All  Stages  are  found  together  on  the  piers.  The  eggs  are  laid 
in  the  soft  spots  in  the  old  wood,  where  the  surface  of  the  pier 
is  kept  wet,  but  not  continually  covered  by  water,  in  the  zone  of 
the  "  skin  algae."  The  larvae  live  exposed  or  thinly  algae  covered, 
and  crawl  about  slowly  over  the  wet  surface.  They  are  greenish 
in  color  and  very  inconspicuous.  In  a  cavity  among  the  stems  of 
the  dwarf  mosses^  in  a  crevice  at  the  upper  limit  of  the  wet  area 
the  larva  spins  about  itself  a  sheet  of  tissue  and  fastens  bits  of 
moss  stems  and  leaves  to  its  outside,  [fig.  9]  and  transforms  inside 
the  tube  thus  formed  into  a  pupa.  The  tube  is  longer  than  its  body, 
and  the  pupa  moves  in  or  out  at  will,  doubtless  by  the  aid  of  the 
hooks  at  the  ends  of  its  body. 

The  larva  measures  in  total  length  10  to  15  mm,  according 
to  the  state  of  extension  of  its  body,  and  its  diameter  is,  cor- 
respondingly 1.5  to  2  mm.  It  is 
cylindric,  abruptly  tapering  pos- 
teriorly on  the  last  abdominal 
segment.  The  head  is  wholly 
retracted  within  the  swollen  pro- 
thorax:  extracted  therefrom,  the 
head  shows  a  broad  middle  pale 
yellow  band,  and  its  sides  are 
-black  from  the  base  of  the  an- 
tennae backward.  The  labrum 
is  transversely  oval,  with  a  mar- 
gin of  close  set  scurfy  hairs.  The 
clypeus  is  one  fourth  broader 
than  the  labrum,  yellow  with 
parallel  sides,  but  emarginate  on 
the  front  for  the  reception  of  the 
labrum,  there  are  three  recurved 
stout  setae  on  the  lateral  margins 
of  the  clypeus  each  side,  and  one 
on  each  angle  and  two  upon  its 
disk. 

There  are  no  legs,  but  there  is 
a  scurfy  pubescent  creeping  fold 
on  the  under  surface  of  the  meso- 
and  mctathorax  and  a  similar 
one  on  the  first  abdominal  segment :  and  there  arc  much  l.irger, 
transversely  placed,  muscular,  scurfy-skinned  creeping  ridges  on 
the  under  surface  of  abdominal  segments  2-7  toward  the  front  of 

'  These  mosses  were  kindly  named  for  me  by  Professor  Barnes  of  Chicago 
University,  as  B  r  y  u  m  b  i  n  u  m  Schoeb.  var.  v  a  r  i  u  m  Lindb.  and  A  m- 
b  1  y  s  t  e  g  i  u  m  o  r  t  h  o  c  I  a  d  o  n  Lrs(|.  .-md  James. 


REPORT    OF   THE   STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  21 7 

each  segment;  and  on  these  same  abdominal  segments  on  the  dor- 
sum, but  not  extending  down  on  the  sides,  there  are  transverse  bands 
of  scurfiness  difterentiated  from  the  general  pubescence,  in  corre- 
sponding positions.  The  dorsum  is  covered  with  close  set  pubes- 
cence, greenish  brown  in  color  with  an  interrupted  middorsal  row 
of  alternating  paler  dots  and  cross  marks. 

The  respiratory  disk  of  the  larva  [fig.  lo]  is  channelled  on 
the  median  line,  with  sloping  sides  that  fold  together  when 
under  water.  Its  border  is  fringed  with  short  hairs,  and  is 
destitute  of  fleshy  tubercles.  The  spiracles  are  oval.  Four 
retractile  fleshy  anal  gills  are  protruded  for  respiration  under 
water,  when  the  disk  is  closed. 

The  pupa,  withdrawn  from  its  tube  [fig.  9]  is  smooth  and 
shining,  pale  brownish  on  ends,  and  measures  8  mm  in  length 
and  1.5  mm  in  diameter.  The  front  of  the  thorax  is  upcurved 
dorsally.  The  respiratory  processes  of  the 
prothorax  are  broad,  laterally  flattened, 
obtuse  at  apex  and  each  bears  a  basal  re- 
curved sharp  hook  on  its  dorsal  side.  The 
numerous  minute  divisions  of  the  spiracu- 
lar  orifice  are  arranged  in  a  semicircular 
row  along  the  obtuse  tip  of  the  process. 
The  dorsum  of  the  thorax  shows  a  faint 
fretwork  of  raised  lines  on  its  surface. 
The  abdomen  is  smooth,  but  bears  transverse  lines  of  scurfy 
pubescence  in  positions  corresponding  to  those  already  de-- 
scribed  for  the  larvae.  The  abdomen  terminates  in  a  pair  of 
stout,  sharp  recurved  hooks. 

In  all  the  pupae  found  except  a  few  of  the  oldest,  that  were 
nearly  ready  for  transformation,  there  were  chitin  tubes  protruding 
from  the  spiracles  of  the  middle  abdominal  segments.  These  were 
the  linings  of  the  larval  tracheae,  not  wholly  withdrawn  from  the 
spiracles.  It  is  possible  that  these  may  serve  a  respiratory  function 
for  a  pupa  provided  otherwise  with  only  aerial  respiratory  ap- 
paratus yet  living  within  the  reach  of  the  higher  waves :  that  is  to 
say,  they  may  possibly  act  as  do  the  tube  gills  of  the  Simulium 
pupa,  obtaining  oxygen  from  the  water  flowing  over  them.  In 
that  case  both  larva  and  pupa  would  be  amphibious  in  respiratory 
habits. 

Venation  of  the  wings  of  Tipulidae 
The  framework  of  the  wing  of  a  crane  fly  consists  of  six,  seven 
or  eight  longitudinal  veins,  that  are  joined  together  at  base  and  apex 
by  a  few  cross  veins.     These  principal  veins  are  free  in  their  middle 


2l8 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


course  and  are  generally  clearly  recognizable.  They  will  be  desig- 
nated in  this  paper  by  the  following  names  and  abbreviations  for 
them  : 

Costa  (C) 

Subcosta  (Sc) 

Radius  (7^) 

.Alcdia   (J/) 

Cubitus  (Cii) 

Anal  veins  (ist  A.  2d  A,  ?(/  A) 

On  the  accompanying  diagram  [fig.  ii]  of  a  crane  fly  wing  these 
principal  veins  are  designated  at  the  base  by  the  abbreviations  given 
above.  It  will  be  observed  that  the  radius  is  distinguished  by  the 
possession  of  a  very  large  and  conspicuous  posterior  branch.  This 
branch  is  called  the  radial   sector    ( Rs) .     All   other   Ijranches   are 


designated  by  number,  the  numbers  beginning  at  the  fmiu  an  1  con- 
tinuing ])osteriorly,  the  number  being  added  to  the  synil)ol  for  the 
vein,  for  any  branch  to  which  it  belongs.  P'or  examjile  the  branches 
of  the  radial  vein  are  labeled  A",  h'-.  A''.  A",  and  J\''.  'i"he  costa 
is  simple  and  lies  on  the  foreborder  of  -the  wing.  The  subcDSta 
is  two  branched  and  bears  a  short  apical  fork.  l)ut  the  divisions 
of  this  fork,  ruiming  as  they  do  into  c<jsta  and  radius  respectively, 
have  usually  the  appearance  of  cross  veins.  The  radius  gives  olt 
its  sector  as  already  noted,  and  this  in  turn  is  dichotomously 
twice  forked.  Media  likewise  has  a  manner  of  forking  essentially 
like  that  of  the  rariial  sector,  and  cubitus  is  once  forked.  .\1- 
though  the  anal  veins  arc  usually  simple,  the  second  of  them  is 
occasionally  forked  at  the  ti]). 


REPORT   OF    THE   STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  219 

It  may  be  observed  in  any  wing  tbat  costa,  subcosta  and  radius 
run  closely  parallel  along  the  front  margin  of  the  wing  and  that 
the  subcosta  lies  in  a  deep  groove  between  the  other  two,  and  is 
usually  strongly  braced  against  them.  Thus,  both  by  approximation 
of  these  strong  veins  and  by  the  corrugation  of  the  membrane,  the 
front  of  the  wing  is  made  rigid.  The  other  posterior  veins  extend 
wide  apart  diagonally  across  the  outs]M-ea(l  membrane  of  the  wing 
disk. 

The  cross  veins  of  a  crane  fly  wing  are  rarely  more  numerous, 
usually  less  numerous  than  are  the  longitudinal  veins.  A  humeral 
cross  vein  (li)  strongly  joins  the  costal  and  subcostal  veins  near 
the  base.  The  other  cross  veins  of  the  wing  that  are  considered 
typical  for  the  Tipulidae  lie  in  the  distal  part  of  the  wing  and  may 
be  conveniently  designated  by  the  names  suggested  by  their  posi- 
tions, as  follows:  the  radial  cross  vein  (r),  the  radio-medial  cross 
vein  (r-ui),  the  median  cross  vein  (in),  and  the  medio-cubital 
cross  vein  (ni-cu),  small  letters  being  used  as  symbols  to  avoid 
confusion. 

This  system  of  venation  is  characteristic  not  only  of  all  Tipulidae, 
but  also  of  all  Diptera,  and  of  a  number  of  other  orders  of  insects 
as  well.  In  so  far  as  the  trunks  of  the  principal  veins  are  con- 
cerned, it  is  characteristic  of  all  winged  insects. 

Toward  the  working  out  of  the  system  of  the  venation  of  the 
Diptera,  systematic  dipterologists  have  contributed  surprisingly 
little,  and  toward  the  correlation  of  it  with  that  of  other  orders, 
the}-  have  done  nothing  at  all.  Redtenbacher  laid  the  foundations, 
and  Comstock  built  thereon,  and  by  comparative  study  established 
the  system  on  a  firm  basis  and  published  it  in  his  Manual  for  the 
Study  of  Insects:  He  once  told  me  that  it  was  in  the  study  of  the 
venation  of  the  Diptera  that  he  first  felt  the  solid  ground  of  true 
homologies  beneath  his  feet.  I  have  had  hitherto  no  share  in  the 
brilliant  work  that  has  been  done  on  the  venation  of  this  order. 
The  chapters  on  Diptera.  Hymenoptera  and  Lepidoptera  of  the 
Wings  of  Insects  were  wholly  the  work  of  Professor  Comstock. 
After  this  work  was  done  I  joined  him  in  a  search  for  ont(\genetic 
confirmation  of  homologies  already  determined ;  Ijut  in  the  order 
Diptera,  that  search  proved  wholly  fruitless.  The  proof  of  homo- 
logies in  dipterous  venation  rests  on  comparative  anatomy  alone. 

When  Professor  Comstock  and  I  published  jointly  the  Wings 
of  Insects,  we  endeavored  to  construct  a  wing  that  should  be  typical 
for  all   the   orders.     Afterward,   studying  the   venation   of  the 


220  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Odonata/  I  came  to  the  conclusion  that  our  hypothetical  type 
wing  did  not  represent  all  the  venation  of  the  primitive  insect 
wing,  but  only  the  main  skeleton  of  it.  That  the  longitudinal  veins 
of  that  type  were  possessed  by  the  primitive  insect  I  do  not  doubt: 
they  represent  the  main  lines  of  chitin  deposition  along  primeval 
tracheae ;  but  the  interspaces  between  these  veins  were  occupied, 
I  believe,  by  a  more  or  less  irregular  meshwork  of  cross  veins, 
which  disappear  with  the  progressive  differentiation  between  strong 
veins  and  thin  membrane.  Redundant  cross  veins  are  still  char- 
acteristic of  many  generalized  insects,  and  were  so  of  most  of  the 
older  fossils  known.  I  have  given  in  the  paper  just  cited  [p.  725- 
28]  a  theory  as  to  the  mode  of  differentiation  of  strong  cross  veins 
in  the  dragon  flies. 
There  is  much  less 
evidence  as  to  how 
the  reduction  may 
have  occurred  in  the 
Diptera;  but  I  have 
no     doubt     that     the  ^^'--  " 

supernumerary  cross  veins  and  spurs  of  veins,  so  common  in 
Tipulidae,  indicate  the  location  of  some  few  remnants  of  the  large 
numbers  that  were  probably  possessed  l)y  the  early  neurop- 
teroid  ancestors  of  the  Diptera.  It  may  be  assumed  that  in  any 
process  of  reduction  cross  veins  favorably  situated,  joining  the 
principal  veins  advantageously,  would  tend  to  grow  stronger,  while 
others,  less  favorably  situated  in  inter\'ciiing  spaces,  wouUl  tend 
to  weaken  and  disappear. 

I  have  drawn  and  present  in  figure  12  a  typical  Tipulid  wing 
in  which  the  principal  veins  with  their  full  complement  of  branches 
are  represented  in  solid  black,  and  the  typical  cross  veins  are 
represented  in  double  contours.  This  wing  is  based  on  a  tracing 
of  the  wing  of  Macrochile  [pi.  14,  fig.  i]  and  differs  very  little 
therefrom.  Then,  in  order  to  see  what  sort  of  wing  it  would  be  if 
all  the  supernumeraries  occurring  anywhere  in  any  crane  fly  should 
appear  together,  I  located  these  supernumeraries,  all  in  their 
proper  places,  one  by  one,  and  I  represent  them  then  in  dotted 
lines  in  this  figure.  How  like  a  Panorpid  wing  is  the  result!  If 
one  compares  it  with  the  wing  of  Bittacus,  for  example,  he  will 
see  that  the  differences  are  very  slight,  and  are  confined  chiefly 
to  the  anal  area.     There  is  the  same  type  of  branching  of  all  the 


'  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  Proc.  T903.    26703-64.    A  Genealogic  Study  of  Dragon 
Fly  Wing  Venation. 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  221 

principal  veins,  the  same  upward  hitch  of  vein  Cu^  against  media, 
and  many  of  the  cross  veins  occupy  identical  positions.  Especially 
striking  are  the  first  two  cross  veins  in  the  first  fork  of  media, 
one  delimiting,  the  other  traversing  cell  ist  M^.  The  suggestion 
has  been  made  before  by  others,  and  I  think  it  very  possible,  that 
some  Panorpidlike  neuropteroid  mutant  got  its  center  of  gravity 
hitched  forward,  its  hind  wings  reduce'd,  and  started  the  dipterous 
line  of  evolution. 

Homologies  of  cross  veins.  In  my  study  of  the  venation  of 
the  Odonata,  I  was  quite  unable  to  homologize  any  of  their  cross 
veins  with  those  found  in  other  orders  of  insects.  And  I  do  not 
believe  that  those  indicated  in  the  Comstock-Needham  typical  wing 
are  necessarily  homologous,  even  in  those  orders  in  which  single 
cross  veins  occur  at  the  points  indicated  for  them  in  our  type,  for, 
primarily,  cross  veins  are  not  formed  about  strong  tracheae  (they 
contain  either  late  developing  tracheal  twigs  or  none  at  all),  and 
they  show,  so  far  as  I  can  see,  none  of  the  earmarks  of  homology. 
I  conceive  that  such  cross  veins,  as  we  may  fairly  regard  as  typical 
by  reason  of  their  frequent  recurrence,  are  the  survivors  of  the 
long  elimination  process  just  discussed.  They  are  the  cross  veins 
that  happened  to  stand  in  the  positions  most  favorable  for  con- 
necting together  longitudinal  veins,  ordinarily  at  the  points  where 
dichotomous  branches  came  nearest  together.  If,  as  seems  prob- 
able, there  were  originally  many  cross  veins,  and  if  the  forks  of 
the  principal  veins  varied  somewhat  in  length  and  position  in  the 
ancestors  of  different  groups,  the  same  particular  cross  veins  might 
not,  probably  would  not,  be  preserved  in  every  case.  Those  most 
useful  would,  naturally,  survive  the  elimination  process.  Yet,  with 
a  similar  form  of  wing  and  the  same  general  primary  disposition  of 
branches  of  tracheae  and  veins,  the  process  of  elimination  might 
leave  a  few  strong  cross  veins  in  corresponding  positions  in  very 
different  insects,  for  it  is  always  to  be  remembered  that  all  wings 
have  had  to  meet  like  conditions :  the  air  is  the  same  for  all.  The 
cross  veins  of  the  Comstock-Needham  type  are  such  merely  as 
recur  in  like  position  in  a  large  proportion  of  winged  insects,  and 
whether  strictly  homologous  or  not,  it  is  convenient  to  designate 
them  by  the  simple  method  that  Professor  Comstock  devised.  It  is 
in  this  sense  that  these  designations  are  used  in  this  paper. 

Some  general  features  of  the  Tipulid  iving 
The  primitive  ancestral  crane  fly  doubtless  possessed  more  veins 
in  its  wing  than  were  necessary  or  advantageous,  and  these  were 


222  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM       ' 

not  well  arranged  to  serve  the  purix)se>  of  flight.  A  comparison 
of  the  generalized  members  of  the  famil}-  with  the  more  specialized. 
gives  unmistakable  evidence  as  to  this,  and  a  comparison  of  the 
Diptera  as  a  whole  but  adds  further  confirmation.  The  best  Hyers 
have  fewer  veins,  and  have  them  arranged  in  such  a  manner  to 
better  brace  the  wing  membrane. 

The  course  of  primitive  veins  was  probably  one  of  gentle  diverg- 
ence out  from  the  narrow  base  across  the  wing  disk.  Their  f.^rk- 
ing  was  dichotomous ;  in  all  wings  there  still  inhere  some  traces 
of  this  original  dichotomy,  that  is  due  to  the  first  formation  of 
veins  about  primeval  tracheae.  When  elimination  of  cross  veins 
occurred,  those  cross  veins  would  be  preserved  that  occupied  ad- 
vantageous position  joining  the  nearest  points  of  adjacent  veins. 
For  the  wing  is  a  machine,  and  one  of  immense  importance  {o  its 
possessor,  and  its  efficiency  would  count  for  much  in  the  struggle 
for  existence.  That  efficiency  could  depend  on  UDthing  else  than 
advantageous  arrangement  of  its  constituent  parts. 

The  wing  is  moved  up  and  down  by  muscles  within  the  thorax 
attached  to  its  basal  parts;  its  front  margin  is  rigid,  by  reason  of 
the  strength  and  close  approximation  of  the  three  veins  there  and 
the  gutterlike  depression  of  the  membrane  they  maintain  between 
them,  their  close  union  with  the  basal  hinge  apparatus,  and  their 
junction  at  the  humeral  cross  vein  and  by  means  of  the  tip  of  tlie 
subcosta.  At  the  tip  of  the  suhcosta  lies  the  stigma  —  a  weighted 
striking  jx)int,  strongly,  though  often  difTuscly  chitinized.  This  is 
the  point  of  greatest  impact  ■again^t  the  air.  The  part  beyond  the 
stigma  and  the  whole  outer  and  liinder  bonier  are  llexible  :  and 
forward  progression  through  the  air  depinds  upon  ihe  seulling 
action  which  this  conil)inati(/n  of  rigid  front  margin  and  pliant 
hinder  i)art  secures. 

The  wing  has  been  called  not  inaptly  "a  sort  of  fiexible  sail;" 
and  if  we  scan  any  Tipnlid  wing  (excepting  possibly  a  few  of  the 
most  geiu-ialized  )  wt-  may  readily  see  that  the  strong  main  stem 
of  the  radial  vein  stands  in  the  place  of  the  main  mast,  [Wi^.  ir] 
and  the  strong  cubital  vein,  in  the  place  of  the  boom  that  keeps 
the  sail  full  spread.  J'rom  an  imaginary  mast  head  in  the  region 
(»f  the  stigma  a  sort  of  "  lK)lt  cor<l  "  is  formed  out  ()f  cross  veins 
and  divaricated  forks,  joining  together  in  seenre  but  llexible  union 
the  outer  ends  of  mast  and  boom.  .Moreover,  as  were  befitting  in 
a  sail,  the  base  f)f  the  nuiin  mast  is  rigid,  w  bile  the  base  of  the 
boom  is  flexibly  slung. 


RliPORT    OF    THE    STATI-:    liXTOMOLOGIST    KjO/ 


r.ut  this  analog}'  might  easily  be  carried  too  far.  For  the  wing 
is  not  a  sail,  to  belly  with  the  wind  and  hold  against  its  pressure, 
but  it  is  a  flexible  scull,  to  be  swung  rapidly  against  still  air,  up  and 
down,  rigid  in  front,  yielding  behind,  giving  a  resultant  in  forward 
niDiion  of  both  strokes  rapidly  repeated.  Hence  beyond  the  bolt 
cord  that  ma}-  be  discerned  in  the  line  of  cross  veins  and  forks, 
and  ])ehind  the  boom  that  the  stem  of  tlie  cubital  vein  represents, 
there  is  a  wide  border  that  has  no  counterpart  in  a  sail.  Further- 
more, the  analogy  will  be  misleading  if  held  too  rigidly  even  for 
the  inner  triangular  area.  For  the  ""  bolt  cord  "'  is  often  not  con- 
tinuous to  vein  R^  but  stops  at  the  radial  sector,'  and  it  is  cut  by 
one  or  more  furrows,  that  greatly  increase  its  flexibility .- 

The  analogy  will  have  served  its  purpose  if  it  fixes  our  attention 
upon  the  triangular  outlines  of  the  supporting  framework  of  the 
wing,  for  it  will  abundantly  appear  in  the  following  pages  that 
along  .these  lines  of  support  have  played  the  forces  that  have 
cNolved  the  Tipulid  wing. 

This  general  arrangement  of  parts  is  not  peculiar  to  Tiindi.'ae, 
nor  even  to  Diptera.  but  is  characteristic  of  the  vast  majority  of 
winged    insects.     It    seems    strange    that    so    little    attention    should 

have  been  paid  to 
it  hitherto  by 
students  of  vena- 
tion. I  desire  to 
emphasize  it  here 
by  means  of  the 
accompanying  dia- 
gram [fig.  13]  in 
which  the  arrows  indicate  the  outer  line  of  transverse  joinings. 
For  this  I  think  it  would  be  convenient  to  use  the  simple  and  sug- 
gestive term  cord.  The  shaded  mainmast  strip  at  the  front  is  the 
costo-subcosto-radial  combination.  The  posterior  boundary  of 
the  larger  triangle  is  the  cubitus,  and  of  the  lesser  included  tri- 
angle, the  radial  sector. 


'  Thus  making,  however,  a  trapezoidal,  instead  of  a  triangular  sail   area. 

'These  furrows  allow  the  wing  to  close  somewhat  on  the  up  stroke,  and 
are  doubtless  a  compensation '  for  the  pull  of  gravity  on  the  heavy  body 
of  a  crane  fly.  They  are  best  developed  in  the  Tipulinae  with  the  heaviest 
bodies  (Holorusia,  etc.).  One  can  see  how  they  work  by  holding  a  fresh 
or  a  softened  wing  firmly  by  its  base  and  blowing  air  alternately  against  its 
upper  and  lower  surfaces  through  a  bent  tube  while  looking  horizontally  at 
its  tip.  The  anal  furrow  (behind  Cu)  allows  almost  complete  fle.xion  on  the 
up  stroke.     On  the  down  stroke  the  whole  wing  tends  to  flatten  out. 


224  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

The  main  phenomena  of  speciahzation  of  wings  of  crane  flies 
are  three: 

1  The  bringing  into  Hne  for  mutual  support  of  cross  veins  and 
adjacent  forks.  This  may  be  soon  understood  by  ccimparing  figures 
12  and  13,  or  by  comparing  any  speciahzed  crane  fly  wing  with  the 
wing  of  Macrochile  [pi.  14,  fig.  i]. 

2  The  reduction  of  superfluous  veins  and  cross  veins. 

3  The  differentiation  between  the  veins  that  remain. 

The  last  two  processes  are  really  one;  for  both  are  at  bottom 
and  redistribution  of  the  strength-giving  material  of  the  wing. 
When  but  one  cross  vein  is  left  w^here  two  were  before,  that  one 
is  larger  and  stronger.  This  may  be  perhaps  regarded  as  hypo- 
thetical, but  the  converse  of  it  is  not,  for  two  cross  veins  occasion- 
ally appear  adventitiously,  where  normally  there  is  one  (as,  for 
example,  cross  vein  m  in  Acyphona)  and  then  they  are  always 
markedly  weaker  than  the  single  one  w^ould  be.  The  differentia- 
tion between  longitudinal  veins  consists  likewise  essentially  in 
putting  the  strength-giving  material  where  it  will  do  the  most  good. 
That  differentiation  is  but  little  exaggerated  in  figure  13.  Witness 
the  photographs  of  plates  11  to  13.  Strong  and  weak  stems  alter- 
nate.^ Radius  is  strong  and  media  weak,  cubitus  is  strong  and  the 
first  anal  weak,  the  second  anal  is  stronger  than  the  first,  and  the 
ihird  is  usually  absent  altogether. 

Our  knowledge  of  the  mechanics  of  insects  is  yet  exceedingly 
meager  and  unsatisfactory.  It  is  sufiicient  to  be  suggestive  how- 
ever of  possible  reasons  underlying  the  main  phenomena  of  their 
specialization. 

Elements  of  the  venation   individually   considered 
It  will  be  advantageous  now  to  consider  the  parts  of  the  venation 

severally,  looking  first  at  the  veins,  then  at  the  cross  veins,  and 

then  at  their  mutual  behavior  and  adjustment. 

Longitudinal  veins.     The  costa  is  always  simple,  and  forms 

the  front  bor<!cr  of  the  wing. 

The  subcosta  is  a  weaker  vein  that  lies  in  the  bottom  of  the 

furrow  of  the  fore  border  between  costa  and  radius.     It  is  bound 

to  radius  by  a  basal  fusion  and  to  costa  by  the  humoral  cross  veins: 


'  I  have  noted  a  similar  differentiation  under  very  difTercnt  vein  arrange- 
ment in  tlie  Odonata  [U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  Proc.  1903.  26737],  and  have  stated 
the  conclusion  thus:  "The  stronf?  vein  bounds  posteriorly  the  area  in 
which  the  weaker  one  lies." 


REPORT    OF    THE   STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  225 

at  its  tip  it  is  forked,  and  its  short  divaricated  branches  have  the 
appearance  of  cross  veins.  Sc^  joins  the  costa  directly,  and  Sc- 
(the  so  called  subcostal  cross  vein  of  some  systematic  dipterol- 
ogists)  joins  radius.  Specialization  affects  the  subcosta  very 
differently  in  different  groups  of  crane  flies.  In  some  (Lim- 
nobiini,  etc.)  the  apical  fork  becomes  strongly  fixed  in  the  posi- 
tion described  so  as  to  maintain  a  deep  furrow  all  the  w^ay  to 
the  stigma.  In  some  (Pedicinii,  etc.)  Sc^  migrates  backward  to- 
ward the  base  of  the  wing  [sec  pi.  24,  25]  and  in  some  there  is  a 
marked  tendency  for  one  tip  or  the  other  or  even  the  whole  of 
the  subcosta  to  atrophy  (Rhamphidiini,  etc.). 

The  radius  is  the  strongest  vein  of  the  wing.  It  is  typically 
five  branched,  the  sector  being  dichotomously  twice  forked. 
This  is  the  condition  seen  in  Macrochile  [pi.  14,  fig.  i],  Idioplasta 
[pi.    15,    fig.    i],    and    Tanyderus    [pi.    14,    fig.    2].      Usually   the 

number  of  branches  is 
reduced,  and  when  re- 
duction occurs  it  follows 
a  different  method  in 
the  two  families  of 
crane  flies.  In  the  Pty- 
chopteridae,  fusion  pro- 
ceeds faster  in  the  up- 
per fork  of  the  sector, 
veins  R'*  and  R^  remaining  separate  after  veins  R^  and  R^ 
have  fused,  as  seen  in  Ptychoptera  and  Bittacomorpha  [pi.  15, 
fig.  2,  3].  Since  this  is  the  behavior  of  the  sector  that 
characterizes  all  the  brachycerous  diptera,  and  since  crane  flies 
belong  to  the  nematocerous  division,  its  occurrence  here  is 
somewhat  surprising.  In  nearly  all  Tipulidae  fusion  proceeds 
faster  in  the  lower  fork  of  the  sector,  veins  R-  and  R^ 
remaining  longer  separate.  There  are,  however,  a  few  genera, 
scattered  among  the  various  tribes,  as  these  tribes  are  at  present 
constituted,  in  which  there  is  considerable  variability  as  to  the 
nature  of  the  forking  of  the  sector.  The  apparent  exceptions 
to  the  rule  just  stated  for  the  Tipulidae  proper,  occur  in  Pedicia 
[pi.  26,  fig.  i]  and  Amalopis  [pi.  25,  fig.  2]  of  the  Amalopini. 
In  Molophilus  [pi.  22,  fig.  6]  and  Conosia  [pi.  21,  fig.  5]  of  the 
Eriopterini,  and  in  Rhicnoptila  [pi.  30,  fig.  5]  of  the  Limno- 
philini.  Indeed,  in  Amalopis  inconstans,  and  in  Rhic- 
noptila w  o  d  z  i  c  k  i  i ,  and  probably  in  others  of  these  forms, 
both  types  of  forkings  mav  be  found  in  a  single  species.  This  is 
8  ^  ' 


Fig. 


226  NEW    YORK    STATE    Ml'SEUM 

very  puzzling;  for  such  characters  as  this  have  heen  found 
elsewhere  in  the  Diptera  most  reliable.  Ikit  it  is  to  be  noted 
that  in  all  these  cases  of  departure  from  the  assumed  Tipulid 
type  of  forking  of  the  sector,  the  branches  are  all  long  and 
the  forks  lie  close  together,  and  a  slight  migration  of  either  of 
the  three  branches  would  change  the  relations  of  the  forks  to 
each  other.  The  accom])anying  diagram  illustrates  these  dif- 
ferences of  behavior  of  the  radial  sector.  There  are  some 
reasons  for  believing  that  these  peculiar  forms  are  only  apparent 
exceptions  to  the  rule  of  Tipulidae.  For  example,  the  position 
of  the  r-m  cross  vein  in  Pedicia,  Amalopis  and  Rhicnoptila,  indi- 
cates that  in  these  forms  at  least,  after  the  complete  fusion  of  R* 
and  R^,  a  further  fusion  of  R"'+^  with  the  part  of  the  sector 
immediately  before  it,  brought  about  the  a[)parcnt  reversion  of 
the  fork ;  for,  elsewhere  when  the  sector  is  three  branched,  this 
cross  vein  touches  the  posterior  branch  after  its  separation  from 
the  middle  branch  but  here  it  tt)uches  Ix'forc  this  separation  [fig. 
14.^].  In  other  words,  the  r-m  cross  vein  remains  in  its  original 
position,  while  fusion  has  carried  the  fi)rk  i)ast  it.  A  reason  for 
that  further  fusion  may  possibly  have  lain  in  the  arcuation  of  the 
wing  apex  in  these  genera. 

In  Gynoplistia  [pi.  20,  tig.  1  i  the  fusion  has  i)roceeded  only 
to  the  level  of  the  cross  vein,  and  the  two  forks  are  of  equal 
ilepth.  In  Molophilus  (not  Erioptera)  comatus 
Doane  [X.  ^'.  Ent.  .Soc.  Jour.  \iA.  8,  pi.  7,  fit;-,  -'oj  the  forks 
are  symmetrically  arranged  al)out  the  middle  branch  [like  /  in 
fig.  14].  Obviously  this  condition,  although  intermediate,  is  not 
j)rimitivc,  but  secondary,  and  has  come  about  through  migra- 
tion of  one  or  tlie  (.llur  or  l)i)tli   of  tlie   forks. 

To  the  otlier  cases  in  which  this  exceptional  mode  of  branch- 
ing of  the  sector  occurs,  Conosia  |pl.  Ji.  tig.  5I  and  Molophilus 
[pi.  2J,  tig.  ^'1 1  the  same  reasons  fur  this  second  fusion  will  not 
apply:  the  wing  tij)  is  not  arcuated,  but  straight.  But  in  both 
of  these  tin-  r  ui  cross  vein  i^  located  unusually  far  out  from 
the  base  of  the  wing.  especiall\  in  the  former,  and  this  second- 
ary fusion  may  here  be  .111  accompaniment  of  the  ui)ward 
skewing  of  the  sector,  and  the  unusual  relations  borne  by  the 
elements  of  the  cord  [fig.  14/']. 

T'rofessor  Comstock  pointed  out  that  the  two  modes  of 
Itrancliing  f»f  the  sector  are  difference  >  <if  kind,  and  he  showed 
that    bv    further    reduction    eitlu'r    kind    of    three    branched    sector 


REPORT    OF   THE   STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  22/ 

may  become  two  branched.  And,  if  the  two  branched  sector 
at  c  in  fig^ure  14.  and  the  one  at  c,  exactly  Hke  it,  be  descended 
as  indicated,  they  are  less  closely  related  to  each  other  than 
either  is  to  the  three  branched  sector  that  stands  before  it  in 
the  diagram.  Yet  when  the  two  types  of  branching  are  hover- 
ing about  the  parting  of  the  ways,  as  they  seem  to  be  in  the 
cases  just  cited,  we  see  that  even  differences  of  kind  are  m 
their  beginnings  merely  diiiferences  of  degree. 

This  marked  variability  in  a  character  that  is  elsewhere  so 
constant  and  so  important  surely  indicates  that  the  crane  flies 
are  a  very  generalized  group.  In  this,  and  in  other  characters 
as  w^ell,  the  main  characters  of  the  venation  of  the  Diptera 
were  not  firmly  fixed.  'J^he  crane  flies  stand  near  the  foot  of 
the  series,  wdiere  venational  experiments  abound,  and  where  the 
main  trends  of  specialization  are  not  everywhere  fully  estab- 
lished. 

A  further  reduction  of  the  branches  of  the  sector  has  occurred 
in  many  crane  flies  [sec  pi.  2y,  28].  The  two  branched  con- 
dition has  been  reached,  apparently  by  the  fusion  from  the 
base  outward  to  the  wing  margin  of  R^  and  R'"',  as  illustrated 
by  Gonomyia  [pi.  24.  fig.  4,  5]  and  Cladolipes :  also  by  the 
atrophy  of  vein  R^,  as  indicated  by  Lipsothrix  [pi.  20,  fig.  5] 
and  some  Tipulinae.  Apparently  R^  and  R^  have  both  atrophied 
in  Toxorrhina  [pi.  29,  fig.  5].  There  has  also  occurred  a 
noteworthy  fusion  from  the  tips  backward  of  R^  and  R^+^  in  the 
Cylindrotomini  [pi.  15,  fig.  4,  5,  6].  Certain  other  fusions  involv- 
ing also  the  cross  veins,  will  be  considered  after  the  cross  veins 
have  been  discussed. 

The  median  vein  is  typically  twice  dichotomously  branched, 
like  the  radial  sector.  Yet  even  more  rarely  does  it  show  the 
full  complement  of  branches.  These  were  apparently  fully  de- 
veloped in  the  fossil  crane  fly  Rhabdinobrochus  [pi.  17,  fig.  2] 
from  Florissant,  and  all  four  are  represented  in  a  living  unde- 
termined Tipuline  shown  in  [pi.  17,  fig.  i],  although  M^  is  repre- 
sented only  by  a  spur  of  a  vein.  Usually  there  are  but  three, 
or  two  branches :  rarely  there  remains  but  one  [as  in  Diotrepha, 
pi.  29,  fig.  6].  The  branches  of  the  two  main  forks  of  media 
tend  to  be  reduced  by  different  methods ;  those  of  the  anterior 
fork  tend  to  fuse  from  the  base  to  the  wing  margin ;  those  of 
the  lower  fork  to  disappear  by  atrophy.  I  have  not  found  any 
evidence  of  atrophy  in  the  anterior  fork,  nor  of  fusion  in  the 
posterior  one.    A  number  of  the  larger  genera,  like  Limnophila, 


228  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

illustrate  in  their  different  species  the  tendency  of  AP  and  M- 
to  fuse  together.  Limnophila  toxoneura  [pi.  i8,  fig.  2] 
shows  a  moderate  fusion;  L.  brevifurca  [pi.  14,  lig.  b\ 
shows  fusion  almost  to  the  wing  margin;  and  L.  quadrat  a 
[pi.  18,  fig.  6]  shows  the  fusion  complete;  and  the  other 
species  of  Limnophila  figured  on  plate  18  show  various  inter- 
mediate conditions.  Rhaphidolabis  [pi.  19,  tig.  2]  shows  these 
veins  almost  fused,  and  the  nearly  allied  Plectromyia  [pi.  30, 
tig.  4]  shows  them  wholly  fused. 

In  the  hinder  fork,  I  have  seen  no  evidence  of  any  tendency 
for  jVP  and  M*  to  fuse,  but  both  tend  to  atrophy.  Both,  though 
commonly  developed  in  the  more  generalized  neuropteroid  in- 
sects, have  been  found  well  developed  among  all  the  Diptcra 
only  in  the  fossil  Rhabdinobrochus  above  cited.  One  of  the 
hinder  branches  of  media  is  quite  persistent.  In  fact  it  is 
nearly  always  present,  but  it  may  be  found  well  developed  or 
weak  or  broken  or  absent  in  different  species  of  the  genus 
Dicranomyia.  It  is  usually  fused  basally  with  vein  Cu^  for  a 
distance,  but  I  have  never  found  it  fused  beyond  the  level  of 
the  median  cross  vein,  and  I  do  not  believe  that  it  ever  dis- 
appears by  total  fusion  in  the  Tipulidae,  although  it  does  so 
among  certain  of  the  higher  Diptera.  Dicranomyia 
immodesta  [pi.  27,  fig.  3]  shows  it  persistent  while  the 
median  cross  vein  has  disappeared,  D.  c  i  n  e  r  e  a  [pi.  27,  fig.  4] 
shows  it  interrupted,  and  attached  to  the  end  of  the  flexed 
median  cross  vein,  the  two  together  simulating  very  decep- 
tively a  persistence  of  vein  M-.  This  appearance  is  wholly  de- 
ceptive, however,  as  any  one  nia}^  satisfy  himself  by  a  little  care- 
ful comparative  study.  In  ?  D.  whartoni  [pi.  27,  fig.  5]  it 
has  wholly  disappeared,  save  for  the  slightest  hit  of  a  spur  on 


'  Critical  ccjinparative  study  is  sometimes  necessary  fur  tk uiinining  where 
vein  R  ends  and  vein  M  begins.  In  Paratropeza  Ipl.  21,  fig.  4],  for 
example,  there  arc  five  branches  of  veins  rcacliing  tlie  wing  margin  between 
the  lips  of  Ri  and  Cui.  Is  it  Rs  or  M  that  is  tlirec  branched?  How  shall 
this  be  determined.^  Only  by  comparison  of  allied  forms.  It  will  thus  be- 
come sufficiently  clear  that  Rs  is  three  l)ranclH(l.  The  other  interpretation 
woulil  be  inconsistent;  for  (l)  tlie  first  fork  of  tiic  vein  Rs  is  always  m- 
volved  in  the  formation  of  the  cord;  vein  Rt+»  is  liere  set  ofT  posteriorly  at 
a  right  angle  from  the  base  of  vein  Rl+j;  and  (2)  in  allied  forms  the  cross- 
vein  M  joins  at  its  anterior  end  vein  Mi+j,  not  vein  M,;  that  is,  it  is 
situated  on  the  proximal  side,  not  on  the  distal  side  of  the  upper  median 
fork.  That  fork  is  tlierefore  not  present  in  Paratropeza.  This  ap- 
I)arent  confusion  is  due  to  the  elimination  of  the  ;-;"  cross  vein  by  the  long 
basal  fusion  of  veins  Ri^-i  and  Mi-j-j. 


REPORT   OF   THE   STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  229 

the  anterior  side  of  Cu^  marking  the  point  of  their  former 
separation. 

The  cubital  vein  is  always  two  branched,  and  is  the  most 
constant  of  the  veins  of  the  wing.  Its  anterior  branch  Cu^  is 
always  deflected  forward  at  the  fork,  toward  a  backward  de- 
flection of  M"*+^  The  posterior  branch  is  often  recurved 
at  the  tip,  and  is  rarely  (as  in  certain  tropical  species  of  Eriocera 
and  Mongoma)  [pi.  21,  fig.  6]  fused  with  the  tip  of  the  first 
anal.  The  further  changes  in  this  vein  are  connected  with  the 
elimination  of  the  medio-cubital  cross  vein  and  will  be  dis- 
cussed later. 

The  second  anal  vein  is  branched  in  Podoneura  [pi.  21,  fig.  3] 
and  apparently  also  (and  still  more  deeply)  in  Peripheroptera 
[pi.  28,  fig.  4],  if  I  rightly  interpret  this  figure  as  showing  a 
first  anal  vein  greatly  reduced.  I  am  quite  unacquainted  with 
the  species  except  for  this  figure.  There  is  a  very  short  branch 
at  the  tip  in  the  aberrant  Australian  Limnophila,  figured  by 
Skuse  [Linn.  Inst.  N.  S.  Wales.  Proc.  (2)  vol.  4,  pi.  22] ; 
and  in  a  number  of  our  commonest  crane  flies  [such,  for  ex- 
ample, as  Helobia,  pi.  24,  fig.  i]  the  tip  of  it  is  very  like  that  of 
Podoneura  with  the  posterior  branch  of  the  fork  eliminated;  and 
in  Trichocera  [pi.  19,  fig.  4]  its  strong  recurvature  resembles 
that  of  Podoneura  with  the  other  or  anterior  branch  eliminated. 
Possibly,  the  supposed  supernumerary  cross  vein  between  the 
anal  veins  in  Discobola  [pi.  28,  fig.  i]  may  be  the  anterior  tip  of 
A^,  deflected  and  fused  with  A^. 

The  third  anal  vein  appears  to  be  present,  and  distinct  and 
free  from  the  anal  margin  only  in  the  Florissant  fossil  crane 
fly  Cladoneura  [pi.  22,  fig.  i]. 

Cross  veins.  I  have  already  indicated  by  name  the  five 
cross  veins  that  I  regard  as  typical  for  Tipulidae :  the  humeral  (Ji), 
the  radial  (r),  the  radio-medial  (r-ni),  the  median  (m) ,  and  the 
medio-cubital   (m-cn). 

There  are  perhaps  a  few  others  that  should  have  been  taken 
into  account,  situated  at  the  base  of  the  wing  on  the  posterior  side. 
The  foremost  of  these  with  which  the  base  of  the  median  vein 
is  intimately  bound  up,  extending  between  radius  and  cubitus, 
is  doubtless  the  same  as  the  arculus  in  other  orders.  The  others 
have  been  called  collectively  and  without  discrimination,  axillary 
cross  veins.  My  material  being  largely  published  figures,  has  not 
been  adequate  for  their  study.  No  attention  has  yet  been  paid 
to  them. 


230  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

The  ■'  subcostal  cross  vein  "  of  many  systematic  dipterologists 
is  not  included  in  this  list  because  it  is  not  a  cross  vein  at  all, 
but  the  free  part  of  Sc^  as  already  pointed  out.  The  basal  one 
of  these  five  cross  veins,  the  humeral,  is  very  constant  in  posi- 
tion and  relations,  only  disappearing  by  atrophy  when  the  sub- 
costa,  which  it  braces^  atrophies. 

Of  the  four  distal  cross  veins,  the  two  innermost  (/•-/;/  and  ni-cii) 
lie  between  principal  veins  and  effect  strong  and  permanent  unions. 
The  other  two  {r  and  ;;/)  lie  in  the  middle  of  the  principal  forks 
of  the  radius  and  of  media  respectively,  usually  fall  outside  the 
cord  and  are  far  less  constant.  These  two  disappear  by  atrophy ; 
the  former,  only  by  fusion  of  veins  together,  making  the  joinings 
stronger.  The  radial  cross  vein  may  enter  strongly  into  the  forma- 
tion of  the  cord,  as  in  Conosia  [pi.  21,  fig.  5]  and  the  more  typical 
Eriopterini  [pi.  23]  or  it  may  be  quite  eliminated  as  in  many  of 
the  Rhamphidiinae  [pi.  29]  and  Paratropeza  [pi.  21,  fig.  4].  It 
rarely  disappears  through  the  fusion  of  adjacent  veins,  as  in  Lechria 
[pi.  19,  fig.  5]  ;  more  often  it  is  eliminated  by  fusion  from  the  apex 
backward  as  in  the  Cylindrotomini  |pl.  15.  tit,^  4,  5,  6|.  Its  posi- 
tion in  relation  to  the  forking  of  the  radial  sector  is  very  different 
in  different  crane  flies;  and  in  tliis  there  i)r(il)ably  lie  unused  generic 
characters  of  value. 

Tlie  radio-medial  cross  vein  always  enters  into  the  formation  of 
the  cord,  being  always  present  or  accounted  for.  It  disappears 
only  by  fusion  of  adjacent  veins  upon  it.  That  fusion  may  be 
brief,  as  in  Rhamphidia  [pi.  14,  fig.  4]  or  more  extensive,  as  in 
Ptilogyna  [pi.  17,  fig.  4],  Liogma  [pi.  15,  fig.  5],  Mongoma  [pi.  21, 
fig.  6|,  or  I'aratropeza  [pi.  21,  fig.  4],  each  representing  a  different 
group,  and  all  highly  si)ecialized.  It  is  situated  at  an  unusual  dis- 
tance fn^m  the  base  of  the  wing  in  Conosia  [pi.  21,  fig  s),  being 
bcyf)nd  the  median  cross  vein. 

The  meclian  cross  vrin  usually  lies  wilhont  the  cord  (except  in 
the  case  of  Conosia,  just  cited)  and  w  hni  fai'  without,  it  ai)pears 
to  bf  relieved  of  great  responsibility  and  tends  to  disappear  alnng 
with  the  snpernuons  branches  of  tlie  median  vein.  .As  a 
ride  it  disappears  in  advance  of  the  atro])hy  of  M.,.  ( )wing 
to  the  upward  dellection  of  the  base  of  .M;,.  this  cross  vein 
and  the  dedectetl  portion  of  that  vein  e(|ually  support  the 
tip  of  M;,  in  very  many  cases;  and  either  may  be  eliminated, 
leaving  the  tip  supi)<)rted  on  the  other.  In  fart  both  may  go,  and 
leave  the  tip  hanging  in  the  menibraiu-  unsiip|)orted,  as  illustrated 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  23 1 

in  figure  14,  i,  j,  k,  I,  m.  Within  the  Hmits  of  two  genera,  Dicrano- 
myia  and  Rhypholophus,  as  these  are  at  present  constituted,  both 
occurrences  may  be  found  in  different  species.  This  is  illustrated 
for  Dicranomyia  on  plate  2y,  figures  3  and  4.  But  it  seems  to  me 
that  the  differences  of  stress  must  be  considerable  in  wings  so  dif- 
ferently veined  as  are  these,  and  that  the  disappearance  in  the  one 
case  of  the  cross  vein,  and  in  the  other,  of  the  base  of  ]\P  are 
really  differences  of  kind  sufficient  perhaps  to  justify  generic  sepa- 
ration. Obviously  the  stresses  in  the  wing  shown  in  figure  4  of 
plate  17  would  be  distributed  much  as  in  the  wings  of  the  Gono- 
myias  shown  in  plate  24,  figures  4  and  5,  in  which  a  parallel  atrophy 
of  the  base  of  M^  has  occurred. 

The  medio-cubital  cross  vein  is  present  in  a  considerable  number 
of  the  more  generalized  representatives  of  tliis  family  [witness 
pi.  17,  fig.  I,  2,  4,  5,  6 ;  pi.  14,  fig.  1,2;  pi.  16,  fig.  I,  2,  4,  6]  and  it  is 
accounted  for  in  all  the  others  by  the  fusion  of  Mg  and  Cu^  upon 
it.  This  fusion  is  never  very  extensive  in  the  Tipulinae,  but  it  is 
usually  coneiderable  in  the  Limnobiinae,  and  after  it  occurs  the 
deflected  portion  of  Cu'  looks  like  a  cross  vein ;  and  it  is  so  desig- 
nated by  some  dipterologists.  After  this  fusion  is  completed  the 
deflected  portion  of  Cu^  may  migrate  toward  the  base  of  the  wing, 
to  a  moderate  extent  in  Hoplobasis  [pi.  23,  fig.  5],  Trimicra  [pi.  24, 
fig.  4],  Helobia  [pi.  24,  fig.  i]  and  Empeda  [pi.  14,  fig.  5]  —  to  a 
remarkable  extent  in  Diotrepha  [pi.  29,  fig.  6]. 

The  supernumerary  cross  veins,  whose  location  has  already  been 
indicated  in  the  diagram  [fig.  24],  are  distributed  in  part  as  follows, 
the  names  of  the  cells  being  those  of  the  veins  that  bound  them 
anteriorly.  The  one  in  the  costal  cell  occurs  in  Ephiphragma  and 
several  related  genera.  That  in  cell  R^  occurs  in  Dicranota,  Poly- 
angaeus,  Peripheroptera,  etc.  The  one  in  cell  R^  occurs  in 
Rhicnoptila,  Helobia,  Limnophila,  etc.  The  one  in  cell  R^  occurs 
in  Tanyderus,  Polyangaeus,  etc.  The  one  in  cell  R*  occurs  in 
Tanyderus.  The  one  in  cell  R^  occurs  in  Cyttaromyia,  and  gave 
the  describer  of  that  fossil  considerable  trouble.  The  one  that 
occurs  in  the  base  of  cell  R  (the  first  basal  cell  of  some  systematic 
dipterologists)  occurs  as  a  spur  from  the  base  of  the  radial  sector 
in  many  genera.  The  one  in  the  middle  of  that  cell  occurs  in 
an  Australian  aberrant  Limnophila  that  was  figured  by  Skuse^  The 
one  in  the  apex  of  that  cell  occurs  as  a  spur  projecting  from  the 
radio-medial  cross  vein  in  Trichocera  and  from  M^+^  in  a  number 


'  Linn.  Soc  N.  S.  Wales.    Proc.  (2)  4  pi.  22,  fig.  25. 


232  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

of  Other  forms.  The  one  within  the  discal  cell  occurs  in  Hoplolabis, 
Plusiomyia  [pi.  17,  fig.  2],  Ula  [pi.  25,  fig.  5]  and  as  a  spur  in 
others.  The  one  in  cell  M  (the  second  basal  cell,  of  some  systematic 
dipterologists)  occurs  in  Ephelia,  Polyangaeus,  etc.  The  one  in 
cell  M3  occurs  in  Idioplasta.  The  one  in  cell  A^  occurs  in  Discobola. 
The  probable  significance  of  all  these  supernumeraries  has  already 
been  discussed.  I  consider  them  lone  survivors  of  a  more  abundant 
venation.  But  their  widely  scattered  recurrence  inclines  me  to 
believe  in  a  very  remote  origin  of  genera  and  groups  of  genera  in 
this  family. 

And  there  is  among  them  one  that  is  very  peculiar.  Apparently 
it  is  not  in  the  way  of  disappearing,  but  of  redevelopment.  It  is  the 
one  that  occurs  in  Hoplolabis  armatain  cell  ist  M^.  There 
is  here  a  curious  atrophy  of  the  base  of  M^+2,  just  beyond  the  first 
fork  of  the  median  vein  and  a  creeping  of  all  the  vein  tips  around 
toward  the  wing  apex,  and  a  most  curious  conformation  of  the  discal 
cell  [pi.  23,  fig.  5,  6].  It  acquires  a  reentrant  angle  from  which  a 
spur  starts.  These  things  are  foreshadowed  in  Acyphona  [pi.  23, 
fig.  4].  I  studied  the  variability  of  this  spur  in  some  50  wings  of 
this  species,  and  found  it  to  exhibit  all  degrees  of  length  from  a 
complete  cross  vein  down  to  a  spur  one  third  as  long,  it  being  usually 
about  half  as  long.  This  seems  to  be  a  relatively  new  acquisition 
that  accompanies  the  reentrant  angle  that  probably  meets  some  new 
need  due  to  the  movements  of  veins  and  shift  of  stresses. 

The  median  cross  vein  rarely  disappears  by  the  fusion  upon  it 
of  the  veins  it  connects  [as  in  Phalacrocera  pi.  11,  fig.  2,  and  in 
Idiophlcbia  figured  by  Griinberg  in  Zool.  Aug.  1903.  26:525].  It 
gets  curiously  reduced  in  length  and  reversed  in  position  in  Palaeo- 
poccilostola  [pi.  20,  fig.  4]. 

Principal  readjustments  of  venation  in  the  Tipnlidae 
We  come  now  to  note  the  correlated  behavior  of  veins  and  cross 
veins  in  this  family.  The  principal  shifts  of  veins  that  clearly  show 
correlated  movements  of  many  elements  of  wing  structure  are  tw^: 
(i)  the  formation  of  the  cord  and  (2)  the  upshift  of  veins  Cu^ 
and  M'"''.     I.ct  us  consider  these  somewhat  in  detail. 

Formation  of  the  cord.  .As  already  dtfincd,  the  cord  is  the 
principal  line  of  transverse  joinings  of  the  veins  that  traverse  the 
wing  disk.  It  is  always  composed  of  at  least  three  forks  and  two 
intervening  cross  veins.    These  are  the  first  fork  of  the  radial  sector, 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  233 

the  first  fork  of  the  media,  the  fork  of  cubitus,  the  radio-medial 
cross  vein,  and  the  medio-cubital  cross  vein.  Primitively  the  cord 
was  very  much  zigzagged  in  and  out,  and  secondarily  it  often  be- 
comes quite  straight,  but  whatever  its  shifts  of  position,  its  ins  and 
outs,  it  is  always  clearly  recognizable,  and  the  parts  just  cited  are  its 
essential  parts.  It  is  always  attached  to  vein  R\  but  there  is  the 
most  extraordinary  diversity  in  its  mode  of  attachment.  It  may, 
with  the  aid  of  the  radial  cross  vein,  be  slung  from  R^  upon  a  truss 
of  equal  arms  (the  arms  being  the  base  of  Rs  and  portions  of 
R2+^,  see  plate  29)  ;  or,  the  distal  arm  may  be  shortened,  as  in  a  host 
of  forms  (as  indicated  in  the  diagram  fig.  11)  ;  or  the  proximal  arm 
may  be  shortened  as  in  Dolichopeza  [pi.  16,  fig.  5]  ;  or  both  arms  may 
be  shortened  simultaneously  as  in  Cryptolabis  [pi.  30,  fig.  i]  and 
Peripheroptera  [pi.  28,  fig.  4]  or  the  radial  cross  vein  may  come  into 
a  position  of  increased  responsibility  as  in  Conosia  [pi.  21,  fig.  5] 
or  may  be  brought  into  direct  line  with  the  cord,  as  in  Paratropeza 
[pi.  21,  fig.  4]  ;  or,  the  radial  cross  vein  may  atrophy,  as  in  a  host 
of  forms,  leaving  the  cord  supported  by  the  base  of  the  sector  alone ; 
or,  the  opposite  thing  may  happen;  the  tip  of  R^  may  turn  forward 
and  fuse  with  the  tip  of  R\  thus  eliminating  the  radial  cross  vein. 
with  the  usual  result  of  leaving  a  very  strong  union  in  its  place ;  and 
the  vein  R-'^  may  follow  it,  and  the  base  of  the  sector  may  atrophy, 
leaving  the  cord  slung  from  the  radius  by  R^^  alone,  as  in  Scambo- 
neura  [pi.  16,  fig.  6].  But,  these  shifty  parts  aside,  be  it  noted  that 
the  foremost  fixed  point  in  the  cord  is  the  first  fork  of  the  radial 
sector,  and  the  hindmost  point  is  the  fork  of  cubitus,  and  between 
these  two  points  it  had  primitively  a  zigzag,  in  and  out  course, 
which  has  been  corrected,  shortened  and  improved  chiefly  by  the^ 
shortening  of  these  forks,  and  the  divarication  of  their  branches. 

This  path  of  union  traverses  the  cell  ist  M^  —  one  might  say,  is 
interrupted  by  that  cell.  Probably  the  cell  ist  M^  and  probably  the 
entire  median  vein  with  it,  might  well  have  been  dispensed  with, 
for  the  more  successful  of  the  Diptera  have  either  eliminated  it, 
or  brought  it  into  quite  new  relations  to  adjacent  veins.  But  it 
was  present,  and  its  principal  fork  was  interposed  squarely  between 
the  forks  of  the  adjacent  veins.  That  is  the  burden  of  inherit- 
ance; for  the  wing  was  not  made  out  of  dreams,  as  some  might 
have  us  think  —  out  of  hypothetical  a  priori  fitnesses  —  out  of 
vacancy,  to  which  parts  might  be  added  in  a  rational  and  beautiful 
manner,  but  out  of  a  fold  of  hypodermis,  traversed  by  branching 
tracheae,  and  secreting  chitin  about  them  and  between  them.     The 


234  NEW    YORK    STATE.  MUSEUM 

early  differentiating  process  had  to  deal  with  a  long  median  fork, 
with  a  cross  vein  at  each  elbow  of  it.  But  the  median  cross  vein 
standing  in  its  midst  and  binding  its  arms  together  beyond  the  cord 
and  opposite  the  fork,  preventing  their  spreading,  clearly  corrects  in 
some  measure  the  obvious  weakness  of  this  arrangement. 

In  our  diagram  [fig.  13]  the  cell  is  represented  between  the  cross 
veins  and  adjoining  forks,  like  a  ring  slung  in  a  cord.  It  required 
the  median  cross  vein  to  complete  the  ring.  This  is  the  reason  why 
that  cross  vein  is  far  more  persistent  than  any  other  outside  the 
cord.  There  can  be  no  doubt  of  this,  for  that  cross  vein  disappears 
only  when  the  cord  is  shifted  to  the  proximal  end  of  cell  ist  M^, 
and  it  is  thereby  put  out  of  commission.  The  testimony  of  the 
figures  in  the  plates  given  herewith  is  unmistakable  as  to  this.  \'ery 
rarely,  as  in  Conosia  [pi.  21,  fig.  5],  there  is  a  shift  oi  the  cord 
distally,  which  brings  the  median  cross  vein  more  directly^  into 
the  line  of  stress :  in  such  a  case  it  would  never  be  lost. 

The  forward  shift  of  veins  Cu'  and  M^.  The  tendency  of  vein 
Cu*  to  be  deflected  forward  at  its  base  and  strongly  joined  to  media 
has  been  noted  in  the  preceding  pages.  The  accompanying  diagram 
[fig.   15]   illustrates  successive  stages  in  the  progress  of  that  tend- 


ency. All  these  are  abundantly  illustrated  in  the  plates  accompany- 
ing this  paper,  and  one  figure,  that  of  Diotrepha  [pi.  29,  fig.  6],  illus-. 
trates  a  far  more  extreme  case.  I"!y  the  means  here  shown  the  tip  of 
the  vein  Cu'  comes  to  be  attached  directly  upon  the  base  of  media  and 
in  direct  line  therewith,  and  it  has  been  usually  interpreted  as  a 
branch  of  the  same.  Ordinarily,  this  union  is  a  strong  one,  and  the 
deflected  portion  of  Cu^  is  one  of  the  stoutest  veins  of  the  wing, 
as  it  is  in  many  other  Diptcra.    But  among  the  crane  flies  are  f<nmd 


'  It  may  be  noted  in  passing  that  in  the  LcpiHoptera  an  outward  shift  of 
stresses,  somewhat  like  that  siinwn  in  (^(niosi.'i,  lias  hrniiRlit  the  im-dian 
cross  vein  permanently  into  the  cord,  and  tlii."  other  proximal  part  of  tlic 
first  median  fork  has  atrophied,  leaving  three  cells,  the  so  called  first  and 
second  basal  cells  and  the  disca!  cell  of  the  dipterous  wing,  to  constitute 
together,  when  their  intervening  boundaries  are  atrophied,  the  "  discal  cell  " 
of  the  Lepidoptera. 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


235 


many  aberrancies;  and  there  is  one  here  in  the  Httle  group  of  genera 
of  more  typical  Eriopterini  shown  on  jilate  2t^.  The  upcreep  of  the 
tips  of  the  two  veins  under  discussion  toward  the  apex  of  the  wing 
has  already  been  noted  in  an  earlier  place  for  its  effect  upon  the 
development  of  the  cell  ist  J\P.  It  is  also  noteworthy  for  having 
relieved  the  deflected  base  of  Mj+o  of  its  ordinary  responsibility. 
That  deflected  portion  in  Mesocyphona  tends  to  atrophy,  and  thereby 
to  reduce  the  rearward  extension  of  the  cord. 

In  like  manner  vein  M^  is  deflected  upward  just  beyond  its 
union  with  Cu'  and  thereafter  it  tends  to  atrophy  as  in  Dicranomyia, 
or  to  be  reattached  to  vein  M'+^  in  the  manner  already  discussed, 
and  more  fully  illustrated  in  the  accompanying  diagram  [fig.  i6]. 

If  any  one  would  comprehend  what  has  happened  to  the 
median  vein  in  the  Tipulidae^  let  him  study  the  wings  of  the 
plates  carefully  in  comparison  with  this  diagram,     a  is  the  hy- 


pothetical typical  media,  w^ith  the  dotted  lines  in  this  and  in 
all  the  following  indicating  the  positions  of  the  cross  veins. 
h,  c,  d  and  e  represent  the  Ptychopterid  line  of  specialization. 
h  is  Macrochile,  with  the  media  reduced  to  three  branches;  c 
is  a  hypothetical  form  introduced  to  account  for  the  disappear- 
ance of  the  posterior  division  of  the  first  median  fork^ 

Material  is  lacking  to  fill  this  gap,  and  another  interpreta- 
tion is  possible :  i.  e.  that,  starting  with  a  form  somewhat  like 
Megistocera  [pi.  i6,  fig.  4]  the  median  cross  vein  has  been  lost 
and  the  branches  have  regularly  and  progressively  fused  to- 
gether, M^  and  I\P  completely,  leaving  these  same  two  tips  in 
Ptychoptera  to  be  designated  as  M^+^  and  iM"''.  But  the  first 
interpretation  is  certainly  adrrtissible,  from  the  frequent  tend- 
ency  of    AP   and    M'*   to    atrophy;   and    it    is   rendered   much    the 


This  makes   two  tips  of   media  remaining  in    Ptychoptera  M'^  and  M'* 


236  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

more  probable  by  reason  of  the  fact  that  in  the  more  generalized 
rt}xhopteridae,  Alacrochile  [pi.  4,  tig.  i],  Tanyderus  [pi.  4,  fig.  2] 
and  Idioplasta  [pi.  5 ;  fig.  i  ] ,  AP  is  strongly  deflected  toward  tlie 
forward  basal  deflection  of  CuS  and  strongly  attached  thereto; 
and  there  is  no  reason  for  believing  that  this  union,  so  important 
and  constant  a  feature  of  the  cord,  once  attained  would  again 
be  lost  in  this  series. 

This  conclusion  involves,  however,  a  departure  from  the 
interpretation  Professor  Comstock  has  given  for  the  branching 
of  the  median  vein  in  Dixa  and  perhaps  in  other  nematocera. 
Dixa  is  nearly  enough  allied  to  Ptychoptera  so  that  I  must  hold 
the  same  interpretation  for  it.  1  would  label  the  tips  of  its 
median  vein  as  M^  and  A'P,  and  not  as  M'+^  and  M^.  But,  I 
hope  some  day  to  have  opportunity  for  studying  other  nema- 
tocera and  establishing  this  matter  by  more  abundant  evidence. 

/  in  the  diagram  represents  the  condition  of  the  median  vein 
found  in  the  fossil  Rhabdinobrochus  as  figured  by  Scudder.  It 
is  fairly  typical.  And  taken  in  connection  with  the  apparent 
spur  or  rudiment  of  M^  shown  in  figure  i  of  plate  17  has  tempted 
me  to  depart  from  the  interpretation  given  by  Professor  Com- 
stock in  another  more  important  particular,  to  change  the 
designation  M^  in  all  other  crane  flies  to  M-*.  But  a  spur  in  a 
single  wing  is  altogether  insufficient  evidence  for  so  sweeping 
a  change.  Furthermore,  there  is  in  certain  Tipulinae^  a  furrow 
traversing  cell  ist  AP  and  running  outward  to  the  margin  which 
is  chitinized  along  its  margins;  and  it  is  not  impossible  that 
this  chitin  line  may  have  been  the  extra  vein  figured  by  Scudder, 
although  that  would  not  be  characteristic  of  his  marked  keenness  of 
observation.  I  believe  that  further  knowledge  of  crane  flies, 
both  recent  and  fossil,  will  prove  whether  four  branches  of  a 
median  vein  are  ever  present,  and  if  both  M''  and  M*  really 
occur,  in  what  order  and  manner  they  have  disappeared. 

The  ordinary  course  of  reduction  of  Media  is  further  shown 
in  the  figure  at  //,  i,  j,  k,  I,  none  of  which  is  hypothetical.  In 
i,  vein  NP  is  about  equally  supported  at  its  base  upon  its  de- 
flected base  and  the  median  cross  vein,  and  when  cither  support 
disappears,  naturally  it  is  the  cross  vein  that  disappears  as  a 
,rule.  But  the  exceptions  are  shown  at  m,  u,  o  and  p  <il'  iIk- 
diagram,  in  which  the  deflection  at  the  base  disappears,  leaving 

'  It  is  shown  particularly  well  in  an  uiidcscribcd  Molontsia  in  my  collec- 
tion from  the  Camcroons. 


REPORT   OF   THE   STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  237 

M^  attached  to  M^+-  by  the  cross  vein,  and  often  remarkably 
simulating  a  real  M-.  After  this  shift,  it  may  fuse  with  M^+- 
as  shown  at  n,  or  its  base  may  recede  to  simulate  a  deepening 
fork,  as  in  Mesocyphona  [pi.  23,  fig.  3]  as  at  0,  and  the  base  of 
M^+2  may  even  be  deflected  upward  to  enter  more  strongly  into 
the  composition  of  the  cord  as  at  p,  Amphineura  [pi.  9,  fig.  6]. 

There  are  some  minor  shifts  of  parts  that  occur  sporadically; 
the  foregoing  are  the  general  tendencies.  Cell  ist  M^  is  shifted  very 
far  inward  in  Lechria  [pi.  9,  fig.  5],  very  far  outward  in  Oropeza 
[pi.  16,  fig.  3]  and  Paratropeza  [pi.  28,  fig.  4].  The  hind  niargin 
of  the  wing  is  beautifully  scalloped  in  Dapanoptera  [pi.  28,  fig.  3]. 
There  is  a  striking  decurvature  of  veins  at  the  tip  in  Libnotes 
[pi.  28,  fig.  5,  6].  The  base  of  the  radial  sector  is  strongly  bent 
in  Paratropeza  [pi.  21,  fig.  4],  and  more  sharply,  and  with  a 
most  curious  compensatory  adjustment  of  R^^  in  Goniodineura, 
[pi.  28,  fig.  2].  And  there  are  endless  other  less  striking  peculi- 
arities of  venation  occurring  here  and  there.  Unlike  the  higher 
families  of  Diptera,  no  single  major  trend  of  venational  speciali- 
zation is  firmly  established  in  the  Tipulidae.  There  appear  to 
be  grotesque  specializations  as  well  as  useful  ones,  and  the 
best  flyers  are  certainly  not  always  those  that  have  departed 
most  widely  from  primitive  conditions. 

Recently  Professor  Williston,  while  engaged  in  a  well  meant 
effort  to  rehabilitate  the  outgrown  systems  of  nomenclature  with 
which  dipterologists  have  wrought  confusion  for  several  genera- 
tions^, has  cited  some  wholly  imaginary  difficulties  connected  with 
Professor  Comstock's  interpretation  of  the  venation  of  the  Diptera. 
He  thinks  it  may  be  the  cubital  vein  that  is  three  branched  typically 
in  Diptera,  instead  of  the  median;  but  he  gives  no  evidence  tending 
to  support  such  belief,  and  it  is  negatived  by  the  existence  of  a 
distinct  m-cu  cross  vein  in  many  generalized  Diptera  [see  pi.  4-7] 
and  by  the  conditions  found  in  other  related  orders.  He  further 
says  that  he  does  not  at  all  agree  with  Comstock  in  the  opinion  that 
when  the  branches  of  the  median  vein  undergo  reduction,  it  is  vein 
M^  that  is  longest  preserved ;  but  he  gives  not  a  scrap  of  evidence 


*  Williston,  S.  W.  Some  common  errors  in  the  nomenclature  of  the  dip- 
terous wing.  Psyche.  1906.  13:154-57.  The  reader  is  recommended  to  read 
this  article,  and  also  the  remarks  of  Osten  Sacken  given  by  Skuse  in  Linn. 
See.  N.  S.  Wales.  Proc.  (2)  5 :595-98,  beginning  with  the  words  on  p.  596 
"It  is  a  sore  subject  in  Dipterology."  Then  if  he  desire  further  sensations, 
let  him  consult  Heyden's  illustrations  of  three  Loewian  systems  for  as  many 
different  dipterous  families  given  in  Paleontographica,  vol.  17,  or  let  him 
read  the  section  on  venation  in  almost  any  work  on  systematic  dipterology. 


238  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

opposed  to  this  interpretation  or  favoring  any  other.  It  seems 
clear  that  vein  M^  occupies  the  more  advantageous  position;  the 
hinder  branches  he  in  the  field  in  which  reduction  proceeds  fastest, 
and  the  stages  of  their  disappearance  are  easily  traced,  as  has  been 
illustrated  for  the  Tipulidae  in  the  foregoing  pages.  Undoubtedly, 
in  this  family  at  least,  AP  is  the  most  persistent  of  the  branches  of 
media.  On  pag-e  155  he  says.  "If  the  fourth  vein  [M]  is  three 
branched  and  the  discal  cell  [cell  ist  M^]  present,  the  vein 
separating  the  discal  from  the  second  basal  [cell  M  |  is  of  course 
the  first  section  of  the  proximal  [posterior]  branch  of  the  fourth 
vein  [M3]  ;  if  the  fifth  vein  [Cu]  is  really  the  one  that  is  three 
branched,  then  this  vein, .  at  the  outer  end  of  the  second 
basal  [cell  M],  is  always  a  true  cross  vein,  which  it  ohvays  is 
in  the  Comstock  system  n'hen  the  discal  cell  is  absent."  The  part 
of  this  statement  italicized  above  is  a  complete  and  incomprehensible 
misstatement.  \'ein  M'*  in  the  Comstock  system  is  always  AP, 
never  anything  else,  whether  the  cell  ist  AL  be  closed  or  open. 
Moreover,  cell  ist  AP  is  merely  the  si)ace  in  the  basal  part  of  the 
first  fork  of  the  median  vein,  whether  it  be  delimited  externally 
by  a  median  cross  vein  or  not.  It  does  not  depart  for  other 
fields  when  sj)ecializations  occur  alxnit  it.  but  stays  in  that 
fork.  This  is  the  difiference  between  the  Comstock  system  and 
the  others  —  it  has  a  morphological  basis.  It  recognizes  a  difiference 
between  princii)al  veins  and  branches  of  the  same.  It  does  not 
begin  in  the  middle  of  the  wing  to  enumerate  veins  after  a  few  have 
been  dismissed  under  a  different  sort  of  designation.  It  does  not 
take  as  its  standard  of  comparison  the  most  specialized  of  wings 
with  reduced  venation.  It  deals  primarily  with  the  real  structural 
entities  of  the  wings,  the  veins  and  cross  veins,  and  not  with  the 
spaces  that  these  leave  vacant. 

And  the  "great  cross  vein  "  of  Ostcn  Sacken  (the  basal  dcncotiou 
of  Cu^j  will  not  be  greatly  helpi-d  by  calling  it  some  other  kind  of 
a  cross  vein,  since  it  is  not  a  cross  vein  at  all.  P.ut  neither  the 
Ivf)evvian  code  of  medieval  terminology,  nor  the  Schincrian  version 
of  it  —  neither  as  corrupted  by  ( )sten  Sacken  nor  as  purified  by 
Williston  —  with  its  jjcregrinating  posterior  cells,  its  di.scal  cell 
emitting  veins  to  the  hind  margin,  its  cross  veins  great  and  small 
and  misconceived,  and  its  wearisome  confusion  of  the  simplest 
elements  of  the  venation,  needs  that  it  should  be  criticized.  What 
these  arc  and  whence  they  came  and  why  they  work  as  they  do  are 
self-evident.  It  were  better  to  say  of  them  that  they  have  served 
their  day  and  generation. 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


239 


Table  of  classification  and  larval  habits  of     North  American 
crane  flies 

The  numbers  in  parentheses  indicate  North  American  species  of  each  genus. 

GENERA  LARVAL    HABITAT 

f  Tanyderinae  .  .  .      Idioplasta  (2).      Unknown 

I  f  Bittacomorpha  (3).      In  red  rotten  stuff  in  shoals 
PTYCHOPTERIDAE    i  p,      .     „.«,•„„.  at  head  of  ponds,  etc. 

]  Ptychoptennae  j  ptychoptera  (3).      On  bottom  in  shallow,  stag- 

(  [      nant  water 

f  Geranomyia  (9) 

1  Rhipidia  (7).      In  brook  beds;   "in  excrement?" 

I  Discobola  (2).      Unknown 

1  Dicranomyia  (39).      In  wet,  decaying  wood;  on 

I       alga-covered  surfaces  of  wet  wood 

(  Limnobia  (20).      In  decaying  stumps,  leaves,  etc. 

'Toxorrhina  (3).      Unknown 
Rhamphidia  (2).      Unknown 
Elephantomyia  (2).      Unknown 
Elliptera  (i).      Unknown 
Orimarga  (i).      Unknown 
Atarba  (3).      Unknown 
Dicranoptycha  (4).      Unknown 
Teucholabis  (s).      Unknown 
Antocha  (i).      In  spring  brook  beds 

Cladura  (2).      Unknown 

Cryptolabis  (2).      Unknown 

Rhypholophus  (20).      In  decaying  leaves 

Erioptera  (9).      In  water  aad  or.  chore 

Acyphona(?)-      Unknown 

Mesocyphona  (15).      Under  decaying  leaves,  etc. 

Haplobasis  (2).      Unknown 

Molophilus  (8).      In  moist  earth 

Gonomyia  (8).      In  drift  of  stream  beds 

Empeda  (i).      Unknown 

Helobia  (i).      In  moist  earth  by  streams 

Chionea  (3).      In  moist  earth 

Trimicra  (i).      In  drift  of  stream  beds 

Gnophomyia  (3).      Unknown 


Eriopterini 


Limnophilini. 


Phyllolabis  (3). 
Ulomorpha  (i). 
Trichocera  (9). 
Epiphragma  (6). 
Limnophila  (38) 


Unknown 
Unknown 
In  decaying  matter  in  swamps 

In  decaying  wood 

In  moist  earth 


Cylindrotomi 


Tipulinae. 


[Anisomera  (i).      In  moist  earth 

Eriocera  (26).      Unknown 
[Penthoptera  (i).      Unknown 

f  Dicranota  (3).      In  water:  carnivorous 
Rhaphidolabis  (3).      In  beds  of  spring  brooks 
Plectromyia  (i).      Unknown 
Ula  (2).      In  swamps 
Amalopis  (11).      Under  decaying  leaves 
Pedicia  (4).      In  springs 
Omithodes  (i).      Unknown 
Polyangaeus  (i).      Unknown 

Cylindrotoma  (4).  On  leaves  of  plants  (Stel- 
laria,  Anemone,  Allium;   green  in  color) 

Triogma(i).      Unknown 

Liogma(i).      Unknown 

Phaiacrocera  (i).  In  lesser  waters  on  Fonti- 
nalis,  etc.;   green  and  brown 

Dolichopeza  (i).      In  or  under  moist  mosses 
Oropeza  (i).      Unknown 
Xiphura  (4).      In  decaying  wood 
Ctenophora  (s).      In  decaying  wood 
Pachyrhina  (41).      In  earth  and  rotten  wood 
Stygeropsis  (s) 
Holorusia  (i).      In  mud 
Longurio  (i).      Unknown 

TipuJa  (148).  In  earth,  in  mud  and  in  rottoq 
wood 


240  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Classification  of  the  Tipulidae  or  crane  flies 

It  has  been  one  of  the  great  pleasures  of  my  brief  study  of  the 
Tipulidae  to  note  the  broad  and  catholic  spirit  in  which  Baron  Osten 
Sacken  studied  them  and  dealt  with  their  classification.  I  do  not 
always  trust  the  characters  he  used,  but  he  did  not  use  them  slav- 
ishly. He  was  always  searching  for  further  light,  always  open  to 
conviction.  I  am  encouraged  to  ofTer  a  few  further  notes  on  his 
several  sections  or  tribes,  by  the  following  invitation  contained  in 
his  monograph  [p.  25]  :  "  Tl:e  more  characters  peculiar  to  each 
one  of  the  sections  we  accumulate,  the  stronger  we  render  the  basis 
on  which  the  classification  is  established,  and  the  easier  the  solution 
we  prepare  for  all  future  doubtful  cases.  In  this  respect  a  great 
deal  yet  remains  to  be  done." 

The  primary  division  of  crane  llics  into  two  families,  based 
originally  and  mainly  on  the  profound  differences  in  the  larvae,  finds 
its  venational  justification  in  the  distinct  behavior  of  the  radial 
sector  and  the  median  vein,  as  illustrated  in  figures  14  and  15,  and 
in  the  absence  of  a  second  anal  vein  in  the  Ptychopteridae  and  its 
presence  in  Tipulidae. 

PtycJwptcridac 

The  Tanyderinae  are  distinguished  by  the  possession  of  the  full 
complement  of  branches  of  the  radial  vein.  They  are  in  this  respect 
the  most  generalized  of  Dlptera.  Idioplasta  is  our  only  representa- 
tive of  the  group,  which,  like  many  other  archaic  groups,  finds  its 
other  representatives  in  the  antipodes  (Chili  and  Australian  region), 
and  in  fossil  remains. 

The  Ptychoptcrinac  have  the  radial  sector  rcluccd  to  three 
branches  but  with  ]<•*  and  R^  remaining  separate  however,  and  they 
are  further  distinguishetl  by  the  absence  of  Sc",  by  a  better  de- 
veloped cord,  by  the  brevity  of  the  base  of  the  radial  sector,  and  by 
the  simiosity  of  Cu-  —  all  marks  of  specialization. 

Tiptilidac 
'J'he  Tipulinae  are  distinguished  from  otluT  Tipulidae  by  tlie  loss 
of  Sc\  the  skewing  of  R-  forward,  carrying  the  cross  vein  r  often 
into  a  longitu  linal  position,  and  the  slight  tendency  toward  fusi(jn 
of  Cu^  with  M-'.  Within  this  group  the  tribe  Dolichopezinae  ap- 
pears to  be  markc;!  off  by  a  tendency  of  the  first  fork  of  media  to 
progress  outward  beyond  the  cross  vein  )ii  cu.  1  have  seen  too  few 
representatives  of  the  other  tribes  of  this  subfamily,  but  they  are 
based  on  antennal  characters,  for  which  I  have  found  no  vena- 
tional counterparts. 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  24I 

Lininobiiiiae.  In  this  subfamily  my  material  has  been  more 
abundant.  The  tribes  appear  to  be  founded  too  often  on  the  pres- 
ence or  absence  of  parts;  and  usually  it  is  not  the  presence  or 
absence  of  a  part  that  is  most  significant,  but  the  form  it  assumes 
when  it  is  present.  Some  such  characters,  however,  as  spurs  and 
empodia,  which  Osten  Sacken  conceived  to  be  rudiments,  of  no  con- 
sequence to  their  possessors  he  used  with  great  confidence.^  Ordi- 
narily, these  doubtless  served  him  well,  but  I  think  they  have  led 
to  a  few  incongruous  associations  of  genera.  The  use  of  antennal 
characters  hitherto  has  consisted  mainly  in  tlie  counting  of  their 
segments  and  is  very  superficial.  Of  venational  characters,  he  dis- 
covered that  the  branching  of  the  radial  sector  is  much  more  con- 
stant than  that  of  media,  but  clearly  the  number  of  branches  of  the 
sector  and  the  amount  of  retraction  of  Sc-  —  the  characters  of 
which  he  made  most  use  —  are  characters  of  degree  only,  and  like 
the  waning  spurs,  and  imperfect  segmentation  of  antennae,  are 
liable  to  prove  unreliable  at  critical  points.  His  grouping  in  sections 
are  in  the  main  natural  assemblages,  for  he  based  them  on  keen 
scrutiny  of  all  the  characters  he  could  discover.  He  was  certainly 
wrong,  however,  in  considering  the  Limnobiini  a  group  of  archaic 
forms  [loc.  cit.  p.  75],  for  the  reduction  of  branches  of  the  radial 
sector,  of  segments  in  the  antennae,  and  of  spurs  and  empodia,  are 
all  departures  from  primitive  conditions. 

The  Cylindrotomini  are  distinguished  from  the  other  tribes  or 
sections  by  a  pronounced  tendency  of  RS  R^  and  R^  to  fuse  together 
in  one  long  straight  vein  tip.  Rs  is  always  two  branched ;  Sc^  never 
tends  to  recede  toward  the  wing  base  independently,  but  the  entire 
tip  of  Sc  often  atrophies.  Media  at  its  first  fork  is  strongly  skewed 
forward,  so  that  Cu^  is  in  line  with  the  median  stalk,  and  when 
veins  M^  and  JVP  are  both  present  and  separate,  M^  tends  to  be 
strongly  deflected  upward  at  its  base  (a  condition  noticed  elsewhere 
only  in  Penthoptera. 

The  Limnophilini  are  a  generalized  group  of  Limnobiinae,  and 
generally  lack  the  special  features  of  the  other  sections.  Rs  is  three 
branched  and  typical  for  this  subfamily.  Sc  is  usually  forked  at 
its  tip,  except  in  the  aberrant  Podoneura  and  Trichocera.  Media 
is  three  branched  except  in  Ulomorpha  and  Phyllolabis  [pi. 
26,    fig.    5]     and    a    few    species    of    Limnophila,    and    its    first 


1  See  Osten  Sacken.     On  the  atavic  index  characters,  with  some  remarks 
about  the  classification  of  the  Diptera,    Bed,  ent,  Zeit,  1894.    39:69-76, 


242  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

fork  is  usually  more  or  less  skewed  forward,  and  the  an- 
terior deflection  of  Cu'  generally  meets  the  middle  of  cell 
I  St  M^.  In  a  good  many  genera  the  first  fork  of  the  radial 
sector  is  skewed  posteriorly,  in  opposition  to  that  of  media,  thus 
widening  cell  R.  Two  aberrant  genera  Trichocera  and  Diazoma 
have  the  second  anal  vein  short,  the  deflection  of  Cu^  meeting  cell 
I  St  AP  beyond,  its  middle  and  Sc^  far  retracted.  The  degenerate 
Rhicnoptila  has  the  cross  vein  r  touching  Rs  unusually  far  forward 
and  an  aberrant  type  of  branching  of  the  sector,  both  characters 
seen  elsewhere  in  Amalopis  and  Pedicia  of  the  Pediciini.  Phyllo- 
labis  is  aberrant  also  in  its  abbreviated  subcosta,  which  ends  before 
the  origin  of  the  radial  sector,  in  its  abbreviated  R-  and  in  its 
widening  outward  of  cell  ist  ]\I- — all  characters  found  in  Gono- 
myia.^  Podoneura  is  marked  by  its  two  branched  second  anal  vein, 
the  recession  of  the  deflection  of  Cu'  a  little  distance  within  the 
first  median  fork,  and  the  recession  of  Sc^  already  mentioned. 
There  are  no  highly  specialized  members  of  this  tribe.  L  i  m  n  o  - 
p  h  i  1  a    t  o  X  o  n  e  u  r  a    C).  S.   [pi.  i8,  fig.  2]   is  fairly  typical. 

The  Pediciinae  show  a  marked  recession  of  Sc^  toward  the  wing 
base,  and  a  straightening  out  of  the  cord.  Both  Rs  and  M  have 
usually  three  branches,  the  former  with  the  second  fork  deep  and  of 
variable  type.  Amalopis  i  n  c  o  n  s  t  a  n  s  O.  S.  is  exceedingly 
variable  sometimes  in  its  venation.-  P)Ut  not  everywhere  and 
always,  for  I  have  been  especially  looking  for  variation  and 
have  collected  this  species  both  east  and  west  in  large  numbers, 
and  alas,  all  my  specimens  appear  to  be  quite  normal.  This  is  the 
only  species  of  Limnobiinac  in  which  I  have  found  the  median 
cross  vein  touching  AF  after  its  separation  from  ISP  fpl.  25,  fig.  i]. 
Dicranota  Rhaphidolabis  and  Plectromyia  are  set  apart  by  a 
behavior  of  the  median  vein  that  is  just  the  opposite  of  that  here- 
tofore noted  for  the  Cylindrotomini.  The  base  of  it  is  in  direct 
line  with  M'^^,  and  M''  is  ofTset  on  the  posterior  side. 

The  Eriopterinac  constitute  a  large  assemblage  of  heterogeneous 
forms  among  which  several  distinct  groups  of  genera  are  seen.  The 
nicdian  vein  is  usually  two  branched  (in  Cladura  three  branched) 
;ind  the  sector  is  three  branched.  Molopliilus  :;nd  Conosia  tend  to 
depart   from  the  tyi)ical  Tipuline  type  of  i)ranchin;j;  of  the  sector 

'I  brliovc  Phyll(i];il)is  Doanc  should  be  associated  witli  (ii.nuniyia,  hut  it 
it  is  nrt  cuiite  clear  to  me  from  the  study  of  the  veiiatinu  alone  just  wliere 
Gonomyia  shnuld  he  located  among  the  tril)es. 

-Witness  llie  liKures  of  Johnson  in  Entomological  News,  \2::.o''\  te.\t 
%.   16. 


REPORT   OF   THE   STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  243 

as  already  explained  in  the  part  preceding;  these  also  differ  from 
all  Others  of  the  tribe  in  that  the  first  apparent  fork  of  the  sector 
is  skewed  upward  and  the  second  downward.  The  shifting  of  vein 
JVP  upon  the  median  cross  vein  after  the  atrophy  of  its  own  basal 
deflection  occurs  in  Mesocyphona  and  Dasyptera  (subgenus  of  Rhy- 
pholophus),  in  Gonomyia  and  Trimicra.  Outside  the  tribe  this  oc- 
curs also  in  at  least  two  species  of  Dicranomyia  and  in  Elliptera 
and  Thaumastoptera).  Sc^  shows  all  stages  of  progress  in  reces- 
sion from  the  tip,  and  Sc  as  a  whole,  and  with  it  R^,  tend  to  shorten 
in  Gonomyia  and  its  allies.  There  is  a  marked  convergence  toward 
the  wing  apex  of  the  tips  of  most  of  the  veins  in  the  more  typical 
Eriopterini. 

The  Anisomerini  constitute  a  little  group  that  has  been  set  apart 
on  the  reduced  number  of  antennal  segments  (6-10).  In  venation 
it  shows  in  the  genus  Anisomera  marked  range  of  variability  in 
the  number  of  branches  of  the  median  vein.  The  most  marked 
venational  peculiarity  of  the  tribe  seems  to  be  the  wide  forking  of 
the  cubital  vein  at  an  unusually  remote  point,  far  outward  toward 
the  wing  margin.  Penthoptera,  here  figured  for  the  first  time,  is 
perhaps  as  generalized  as  any  member  of  the  tribe.  In  all,  the 
radial  sector  is  three  branched  and  typical,  and  Sc^  remains  near 
the  tip  of  the  vein. 

The  Limnobiini  have  the  radial  sector  reduced  to  two  branches, 
and  likewise,  the  median  vein,  and  the  cross  vein  m  is  preserved. 
There  are  a  few  freakish  forms  included,  as  plate  18  testifies,  but 
in  the  main  the  tribe  is  one  of  the  most  homogeneous.  As  in  Cylin- 
drotomini  the  median  vein  is  strongly  deflected  forward  at  its  first 
fork. 

The  Antochini  is  the  tribe  that  contains  the  extremes  of  most 
venational  phenomena,  the  extreme  recession  of  the  deflected  base 
of  Cu^  and  of  the  Media  in  Diotrepha,  the  extreme  reduction  of 
the  radial  sector  in  Toxorrhina,  and  of  the  angulation  of  the  anal 
angle  of  the  wing  in  Antocha  etc.  Many  of  the  genera  are  loosely  . 
associated. 

Many  further  details  of  venation  applying  to  groups  of  genera 
or  to  single  genera  will  be  found  in  the  key  which  follows.  I  have 
prepared  this  key  based  on  venation  not  because  I  think  the  vena- 
tion more  important  than  other  structures,  but  because  it  may  be 
a  means  for  the  communication  of  some  further  data,  and  because 
I  am  convinced  that  some  of  the  best  systematic  characters  which 
venation  offers  have  been  hitherto  unused.     It  should  be  borne  in 


244  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

mind  in  using  this  key,  that  I  have  seen  but  few  species  save  those 
mentioned  in  my  Hst  or  figured  in  the  plates,  and  other  species  may 
exhibit  characters  different  from  those  I  attribute  to  the  genus. 
Notwithstanding  this,  the  things  found  in  the  species  I  have  seen 
should  be  suggestive,  and  should  add  something  to  the  final  work- 
ing out  of  the  system  for  this  group.  It  is  certain  that  a  thorough- 
going study  of  the  antennae,  the  mouth  parts,  the  legs,  or  the 
appendages  of  the  abdomen  would  likewise  yield  valuable  results, 
also,  the  study  of  the  immature  stages,  for  which  I  am  endeavoring 
to  gather  material  for  future  use. 

Key  to  the  North  American  genera  of  crane  flies 

(Based  on  venational  "characters) 

a  Rs  four  branched,  the  posterior  fork  more  deeply  branched  or,  if  but 
three    branched,    it    is    R'    and    R'    that    are    fused.      A    single    anal 

vein PTYCHOPTERIDAE 

b  Rs  four  branched,  M  three  branched  cord  deeply  indented  by  first  fork 

of  M ;  Sc2  and  cross  vein  m  present ;  Idioplasta  only.  .TANYDERINAE 

bb  Rs  three  branched ;  AP  two  branched ;  cord  not  indented  by  the  median 

fork,  Sc2  and  cross  vein  m  absent PTYCHOPTERINAE 

c  M  two  branched    Ptychoptera 

cc  M  one  branched   Bittacomorpha 

aa  Rs  never  four  branched ;  when  three  branched  it  is  i?«  and  Ri  that  have 
fused  (for  a  few  apparent  exceptions,  all  of  which  have  the  forks  of 
nearly   equal   length,   see   p.   ante).     Two   anal   veins   present    (three  in 

the  fossil  Cladoneura)    TIPULIDAE 

b  Sci  wanting:  R2  directed  forward  and  redrced,  or  wanting:  basal  de- 
flection of  Cu,  never  extensively  fused  with  .l/s TIPUUNAE* 

bb  Sci  usually  present  and  joining  the  costa  beyond .  5"ri,  which  often 
recedes  toward  the  wing  base:  sometimes  both  tips  arc  wanting. 
Cm,  usua'ly  extensively  fused  with  Afn  at  its  basal  deflection,  the  cross 

vein  in  in-cii  being  eliminated  thereby LIMNOBIINAE 

c  /?,,  7?2  and  7?3  extensively  fused  together  from  the  tips  backward  in 
a  long,  straight  vein  ;  M  skewed  forward  at  its  first  fork,  its  base 
being  in  line  with  the  tip  of  Cu.  Tips  of  Sc  often  rudimentary. 
Cross  vein  in  never  atrophied:     Cylindrotomini 

d  M,  and  M^  separate  at  tips   Cylindrotoma 

dd  Ml  and  M2  fused  to  the  wing  margin 
e  Cross  vein  »//  present 

/  Anfennal  joints  subcylindric Liogma 

ff  Antcnnal   joints  subglobular Triogina" 

ce  Cross  vein  m  eliminated  by  fusion  of  adjacent  veins.  Phalacrocera 
cc  R,.  Ri  and  7?j  not  all  fused  together  into  a  long,  straight  tip 
d  Rs  three  branched 

a  I  am  not  sufficiently  aciuaintcd  with  the  Rcncra  of  this  family  to  attempt  a  venational 
key  for  them      I  know  only  those  genera  fisturol   herewith  and  Tipula  and    Pachyrhma    , 
Antrnnal  characters  spem  to  have  furnished  ithe  basis  for]most  of  the  genera. 

b  Triogma  I  have  not  «cenr 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  245 

e  Scj.  present  and  retracted  far  toward  the  base  of  the  wing,  it  being 

anterior  to  the  base  of  Rs;  forks  of  Rs  deep  and  variable;  cord 

at  the  first  fork  of  M:     PcdicVxnae 

f  M  deflected  posteriorly  at  its  first   fork,  its  base  being  in  line 

with  il/i-|_2.     Cross  vein  .;»  wanting;  base  of  Rs  shorter  than 

the  distance  between  the  forks  of  Rs  and  Cti:     (Dicranotae) 

g  A  supernumerary  cross  vein  in  cell  Ri Dicranota 

gg  No  supernumerary  cross  vein  in  cell  Ri 

h  Ml  and  M2  separate  at  the  tips Rhaphidolabis 

hh  Ml  and  Mo  fused  to  the  wing  margin Plectromyia 

//  The  first  fork  of  M  more  symmetrical,  M1+2  being  considerably 
deflected    forward   at   the   first    fork.     Cross    vein    m    usually 
present:     (Pediciae) 
g  Ml  and  M^  separate  to  the  wing  tip 

h  With  a  supernumerary  cross  vein  in  the  cell  C«,  and  others 

between  the  branches  of  Rs Polyangaeus 

hh  No  supernumerary  cross  vein  in  cell  Cu 
i  Basal  deflection  of  Cui  meets  M  after  the    forking  of  M 

i  Wing  tip  straight,  cord  transverse Amalopis 

;;  Wing  tip  decurved;  cord  very  oblique Pedicia 

a  Basal    deflection    of    Ciii    joins    M    before    the    forking 

of  .1/ Ornithodes 

gg  Ml  and  M2  fused  to  the  wing  margin Ula 

ee  Sc2  never  retracted  toward  the  wing  base  so  far  as  the  base  of 
Rs;  sometimes  it  is  wanting 
/  Cu2  longer  than  the  deflected  base  of  Cih  (antennae  13-16  jointed) 
Limnophilini  and  Erioptcrini 
g  M  three  branched 

h   Cui   and  Ms   fused    for  a  long   space,   and   separating  in   a 
symmetrical     fork     beyond     the     fusion;     cross     vein     in 

wanting Polymera 

hh  Fusion  of  Cu  and  il/3  moderate,  and  il/3  deflected  forward 
just  beyond  it;  cross  vein  m  usually  present 
i  Basal  deflection  of  Cui  meets  M3  at  or  before  the  middle 
of  cell  ist  M2;  2d  A  long;  Sc  forked  near  its  tip 

j  A  supernumerary  cross  vein  present  in  cell  C 

Epiphragma 
;■;■  No  supernumerary  cross  vein  in  cell  C 

k  R%  deflected  downward  at  the  second  fork  of  Rs 

Cladura 
kk  Second  fork  of  Rs  symmetrical,  or  7?'  deflected  up- 
ward at  its  base Limnophila 

II  Basal  deflection  of  Cui  meets  M3  just  beyond  the  middle  of 
cell  1st  M2;  2d  A  short  and  recurved;  Sc2  far  retracted — 

almost  to  the  base  of  Rs Trichocera 

gg  M  two  branched^ 

h  Area  at  front  of  Rs  undergoing  reduction ;  R2  returned  for- 
ward and  shorter  than  the  fused  portion  of  i?j+» 
}  3ubcosta  short,  jts  fip  before  the  base  of  Rs  —  Gonomyia* 


246  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

a  Sc  longer,  considerably  surpassing  the  base  of  Rs;  cross 

vein   r  present Empcda 

hli  R2  longer  than  the  fused  portion  of  Ri^i 

i  Rs  greatly  shortened  and  angulate  at  its  first  fork,  forming 
a     V-shaped     support     for     the     front     end     of     the 

cord Cryptolabis 

a  Rs  normal 
;      Second      fork      of     Rs      shifted      to      the      posterior 

side Molophilus 

jj  Second   fork  of  sector,  anterior  and  normal  in  position 
k  A  supernumerary  cross  vein  present  in  the  cell  R2;  -?d 

A  strongly  bisinuate Helobia 

kk    No    supernumerary    cross    vein    in    cell    R2;      ^dA 
not   strongly   bisinuate 
/  The  tips  of  the  cubital  vein  showing  a   tendency  to 
turn  toward  the  apex  of  the  wing 
m  Cross  vein  m  present,  and  situate  nearer  to  the 
wing  margin   than   to   the  fork   of  M,  inclosing 
an  unusually  long  cell  ist  M2 
n  Outer  border  of  cell  jst  Mz  sinuate.  .Acyphona 
nn  Outer  border  of  cell   ist   Mi  broken  by  a  re- 
entrant angle  from  which  springs  a  spur  or  a 

cross  vein    Haplobasis 

linn   Either    the    base    of    ,1/3    or    the   cross    vein   M 
absent,     leaving    the    cell     1st    M3    open    ex- 
ternally 
H   The  cross   vein    in   absent ;    anal    veins   conver- 
gent toward  their  tips Erioptera 

VII  Base  of  Ma  absent,  its  tip  transferred  to 
the  support  of  cross  vein   in;  anal  veins  not 

convergent  at  their  tips Mesocyphona 

//  The  tips  of  the  cubital  vein   in  their  normal  posi- 
tion, turned  away  from  the  wing  apex 
m  The   sides  of  cell   ist   M.  parallel:   the  tip  of  R2 
more  or  less  decurvcd 

n  The   first    fork   of   Rs   skewed    forward 

Gnophomyia 

nil  The    first    fork    A'.v    symmetrical 

l.imnnpliila  in  part  and  Ulomorpha 
mm    The  sides  of  cell   isl  .U-.  more  or  less  divergent 
to  its  outer  end;   tip  i.f   R.  straight,  or   slightly 
recurved 
n  The  deflected  base  of  Cui  meets  vein  M,  a  con- 
siderable distance  before  its  fork.    The  second 

fork  of  Rs  skewed  forward Trimicra 

un  The  deflected  base  of  Cm,  meets  vein  M  after 
or  quite  clos(i  to  its  fork ;  the  second  fork  of 
Rs  symmetrical    Rhypholophus 

a  Ai«o  Phyllolabis  Doane.  which  oppears  to  be  indistinguishable  by  its  venation  from 
Gonomyia;  this  in  the  only  Phyllolabis  known  to  mc. 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  247 

//  Posterior    end   of   the   cord   pushed    outward    toward    the    wing 
margin,  making  the  basal  deflected  part  of  Cu,  longer  than  Cu2 

Anisomcrini 
g  Sci  longer  than  5ci ;   second  fork  of  M  unsymmetrical,  Mi  at 

base  being  deflected  forward Penthoptera 

gg  Sci  longer  than  Sc-;   second   fork  of  the  median  vein   when 
present  nearly  or  quite  symmetrical 
h  Median  vein  two  to  three  branched ;  7^2  longer  than  the  fused 

part  of  R,^-2 Eriocera 

hh  Median  vein   reduced  to  a  single  branch ;  R2  shorter  than 

the  fused  part  of  A'i_|_2 Anisomera 

dd  Rs  two  branched  :  .  .Liiiinobiiiii  and  Antochini 

e  Sc  present;  Rs  arcuated  at  its  origin 
/  Fork  of  Rs  skewed  downward,  its  base  in  line  with  R2-\-3 

g  Cell  ist  M2  or  equivalent  space  widened  distally ;  tip  of  7?2^3 
curved  forward 
/;  Tips  of  veins  i?4-|-5  and  Mi_)_2  arcuated  and  parallel,  but  not 

approximated Teucholabis 

lili  Tips  of  veins  Ri^-o  and  Mi-^-2  distinctly  approximated 

Dicranomyia  in  part   [see  pi.   17,  fig.  4J 
gg  Tip  of  R^^s  straight ;  cell  ist  M2  open 
/;  Cell     M     much      shorter     than     cell     R;     cross     vein     m 

absent Orimarga 

hh  Cell  M  as  long  as  cell  R;  base  of  Ms  atrophied,  leaving 
that  vein  supported  in  the  reflexed  cross  vein  m.  .Elliptera 
//  Fork  of  Rs  symmetrical,  or  nearly  so 

g  Cross  vein  r  wanting;  Ri  quite  separate  from  i^z+a 

/;  i?2-f3  straight  and  strongly  divergent  from  i?4-|-5 ;  cross  vein 

r-ui  reduced  by   fusion   of  adjacent  veins Rhamphidia 

hh  /?2-)-3  usually  arched  more   or  less ;   not  strongly  divergent 
from  /?4-|-5 
i  Basal  angulation  of  vein  ilfi_|_2  where  it  touches  the  cross 
vein   ;■-»;.  acute;   Sci  at   tip   of   Sc;  basal  angulation  of 

Cux  at  the  middle  of  cell  ist  M2 Elephantomyia 

n  Basal  angulation  of  vein  Mij^2  where  it  touches  cross  vein 
r-ui.  very  obtuse;  .S'f2  considerably  before  the  apex  of 
Sc\\     Cii,     joins     the     median     vein     at     or     near     its 

fork Atarba 

gg  Cross  vein  r  present,  sometimes  attached  upon  the  tip  of  Ri 
h  A  supernumerary  cross  vein   present  between   the   two  anal 

veins  in  their  middle  portion Discoljola 

hh  No  such  supernumerary  cross  vein 

i  A  well  marked  furrow  springing  from  the  middle  of  ist  A 

extends  toward  the  tip  of  Cui Dicranoptycha 

//  Furrow  not  so  situated,  but  closer  to  Ch 


248  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEtJM 

Limnobia,  Geranomyia,  Dicranomyia  in  part  and  Rhipidia.'* 
ee  Sc  atrophied,  Rs  long  and  straight     to  its  origin 
f  Rs  two  branched;  cross  veins  r  and  in  present,   Cu  and  7^/  A 
not    fused    beyond    the    base,    wing    widest    just    before    the 

cord Antocha 

ff  Rs  unbranched :  cross  veins  r  and  in  wanting.  Cu  and  ist  A 
fused  for  a  long  distance  at  base,  wing  widest  just  beyond  the 
cord Toxorrhina 


a  I  find  no  venational  characters  that  will  separate  this  group  of  genera.  Rhipidia  is 
well  distinguished  by  the  possession  of  pectinated  antennae  in  the  male;  Geranomyia,  by 
the  possession  of  a  rostrum  as  long  as  the  body;  and  while  the  length  of  Sc  has  been  used 
to  separate  Limnobia  from  Dicranomyia,  it  is  not  a  sure  criterion,  for  all  sorts  of  inter- 
gradations  occur.  In  the  former  Sc  is  rarely  reduced  as  far  as  the  base  of  Rs.  and  in  the 
latter  Sc  rarely  extends  a  little  beyond  the  base  of  Rs.  Clearly  Dicranomyia  is  pcly- 
morphic,  as  this  key  indicates,  and  as  has  before  been  pointed  out  in  my  discussion  cf  D. 
cinerea  Doane.  Perhaps  it  has  occome  a  little  more  so  new  by  my  addition  to  it  of 
?D.  Wharton  i.  This  soecies  has  nothing  to  do  with  D.  cinerea,  but  represent 
(after  D.  longipennis   O.  S.)   the  extreme  cf  vein  reduction  alorg  another  line. 


APPENDAGES    OF    THE    SECOND    ABDOMINAL    SEG- 
MENT OF  MALE  DRAGON  FLIES  (ORDER  ODONATA) 


OLIVER  S.  THOMPSON 

The  appendages  of  the  abdomen  in  male  dragon  flies  are  of 
two  sorts :  those  at  the  end  of  the  abdomen,  that  are  used  for 
capturing  the  female  and  leading  or  guiding  her  about,  and 
those  on  or  adjacent  to  the  sternum  of  the  second  segment, 
that  are  used  for  copulation.  The  former  are  probably  of  more 
ancient  origin;  the  latter,  more  recently  and  secondarily  ac- 
quired. The  former  are  capable  of  being  homologized  with  like 
parts  in  other  orders  of  insects;  the  latter  are  not,  being  pe- 
culiar to  dragon  flies.  Both  are  of  much  use  in  the  recognition 
of  species,  for  the  ultimate  specific  differentiations  are  oftenest 
found  in  these  parts. 

The  occurrence  of  organs  for  copulation  upon  the  body  at 
points  remote  from  the  orifices  of  the  sperm  ducts  is,  of  course,  well 
known  in  spiders,  cephalopods,  etc.,  and  the  origin  of  these 
parts  is  always  shrouded  in  mystery.  In  none  would  the  begin- 
nings be  more  difficult  of  explanation  than  in  the  Odonata. 
Here  the  sperm  ducts  open  on  the  ventral  side  of  the  9th  ab- 
dominal segment:  the  copulatory  apparatus  is  on  the  ventral 
side  of  the  2d  and  3d  segments.  Previous  to  copulation,  the 
abdomen  is  bent  upon  itself  until  the  sperm  orifice  is  brought 
into  contact  with  the  sperm  vesicle  situated  at  the  front  of  the 
sternum  of  the  3d  abdominal  segment,  and  the  vesicle  is  charged 
with  spermatozoa.  The  terminal  abdominal  appendages  of 
the  male  are  used  to  seize  the  female.  They  grasp  her  by  the 
head  or  by  the  prothorax,  and  by  ventral  flexion  of  the  abdo- 
men, swing  her  into  an  inverted  position,  so  that  her  genital 
orifice,  situated  on  the  ventral  side  of  the  8th  abdominal  seg- 
ment, may  be  brought  into  contact,  not  with  that  of  the  male, 
but  with  the  accessory  apparatus  developed  upon  the  2d 
abdominal  segment  of  the  male.  Thus  the  sperm  is  trans- 
ferred. It  is  a  rather  remarkable  process :  how  it  started  al- 
most surpasses  imagining. 

249 


250 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


But  we  are  here  concerned  only  with  giving  a  simple  ac- 
count of  what  this  accessory  genital  apparatus,  developed  upon 
the  2d  and  3d  abdominal  segments  of  the  male,  consists  of, 
and  how  it  compares  in  different  genera  of  dragon  flies.  As 
already  stated,  the  receptacle  for  the  sperm  is  the  vesicle, 
situated  at  the  front  of  the  sternum  of  the  3d  segment  in  the 
median  line,  and  visible  externally  as  a  rounded  prominence. 
The  organ  for  the  transference  of  the  contents  of  the  vesicle 
to  the  bursa  copulatrix  of  the  female  is  a  median,  unpaired, 
jointed  and  retractile  intromittent  organ,  the  penis.  This  is 
situated  directly  in  front  of  the  vesicle,  on  the  sternum  of  the 
second  segment,  and  is  more  or  less  directly  connected  with 
the  vesicle.     Vesicle  and  penis   are  the  direct  agents  of  sperm 


Fig.  17  Male  abdominal  appendages  of  the  dragon  fly  Edonishelena  Ndm.  i,  a, 
3  the  three  basal  abdominal  segments  and  their  appendages,  inverted  and  viewed  from  the 
side;  v  vesicle;  gl  genital  lobe;  h  hamule;  al  anterior  lamina,  in  both  lateral  and  ventral 
views;  t  tip  of  the  abdomen  less  enlarged,  segments  7  to  10,  and  appendages 

transference:  but  there  are  other  parts  accessory  to  their 
function.  Beside  the  penis  are  one  or  two  pairs  of  hamules, 
that  assist  in  maintaining  proper  positions  in  copulation. 
Before  the  penis  there  rises  from  the  sternum  of  the  2d 
segment  a  more  or  less  promiiunt,  chitinized,  concave  arching 
plate,  the  sheath  of  the  penis,  doubtless  with  a  protective 
function.  All  these,  and  other  parts  yet  to  be  mentioned,  are 
developments  from  the  sternum:  and  in  the  family  Libcl- 
lulidae,  the  tergum  also  contributes  by  the  development  of  the 
well  kiu)wn  "genital  lobes"  from  its  postcro-lateral  angles  of  the 
2(1  segment.  These  parts  are  externally  visible.  Their  general 
appearance  is  shown  in  figure  5,  in  a  case  in  which  but  a  single  pair 
r>f  hamules  is  developed.  It  will  be  seen  that  these  parts  cover  only 
the  posterior  part  of  the  sternum  of  the  2d  segment,  and  a  bit  of 
the  front  of  the  sternum  of  the  3(1  segment.  It  was  doubtless  in 
the    hollow    between    those    two    segnienls.    in    the    reentrant   angle 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


251 


formed  by  the  in  folding  of  the  thin  connective  there,  that  the 
primitive  receptacle  for  the  sperm  mass,  whatever  may  have  been 
its  nature,  found  its  origin.  The  posterior  part  of  the  sternum  of 
the  3d  segment  is  little  afifected,  and  the  anterior  part  of  that  of 
the  2d  segment  forms  the  well  known,  usually  flat,  "  anterior 
lamina."  If  the  sternum  of  each  abdominal  segment  consisted 
originally  of  two  parts,  sternum  and  sternellum,  anteriorly  and  pos- 
teriorly situated,  the  penis  and  hamules  and  their  supporting  struc- 
ture may  be  supposed  to  have  developed  upon  the  sternellum  of  the 
2d  segment,  while  the  anterior  lamina  represents  the  anterior 
division,  the  sternum  of  that  segment. 

Figure  i8  is  a  diagrammatic  representation  of  the  relations 
of  the  appendages  to  the  sterna  of  the  first  three  abdominal 
segments  (i,  2  and  3).  (a)  is  a  general  sketch  of  segment 
2  with  parts  of   i   and  3.     Segment  2  is  divided   into  st  sternum 


/ 

1 

st 

i" 

stl 

2 

S 

3 

and  stl  sternellum.  This  sketch  is  merely  to  aid  in  the  location 
of  the  complicated  parts  of  the  following  figures.  The  second 
figure  (b)  shows  the  relation  of  the  genital  structures  in  the  Libel- 
lulidae.  On  segment  i  no  very  prominent  structures  are  noted. 
Small  pits  are  to  be  seen  just  anterior  to  segment  2.  Such  pits  are 
found  among  the  Anisoptera  and  in  the  Zygoptera,  not  only  on  seg- 
ment 2  but  also  on  segment  3.  On  segment  2  we  have  at  t  the 
anterior  lamina,  at  m  the  anterior  portion  of  the  framework  which 
supports  the  sheath  of  the  penis  in  Anisoptera  and  the  penis 
itself  in  Zygoptera.  This  part  of  the  framework  is  firmly  at- 
tached to  and  apparently  developed  from  the  under  side  of  the 
anterior  lamina,  .y  is  the  sheath  of  the  penis  resting  on  the 
framework  below.  //  is  one  of  the  single  pair  of  hamules 
here  developed,  attached  anteriorly  to  the  framework  ;»,  posteriorly 
to  the  ends  of  the  U-bar  s.  Between  and  joining  these  ends  of  s 
there  is  only  a  line  of  chitin  n  here.     This  latter  is  much  better  de- 


252  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

veloped  in  the  two  following  cases.  0  is  the  conjoined  penis  and 
seminal  vesicle,  developed  on  the  anterior  portion  of  segment  3. 

These  conditions  are  typical  of  the  Libellulidae.  Genital 
lobes,  not  indicated  in  this  figure  (but  shown  at  gl  in  figure  17),  are 
characteristic  of  this  family.  These  occur  just  outside  the 
hamules  and  in  most  cases  are  well  chitinized  and  hairy.  They 
are  lobelike  continuations  of  the  tergite  of  segment  2.  The 
penis  found  attached  to  the  vesicle  on  segment  3  in  this  sub- 
order extends  much  further  on  segment  2,  but  the  sketch  was 
made  to  present  as  clearly  as  possible  the  relations  of  all  the 
structures  and  were  the  penis  in  its  exact  place,  several  other 
structures  would  be  hidden. 

In  the  next  figure  (c)  we  show  conditions  representative  of 
parts  as  found  in  family  Aeschnidae,  differing  only  in  degree 
from  those  found  in  the  Libellulidae.  Here  the  anterior  lamina 
(t)  is  cleft  in  the  middle  to  accommodate  the  ovipositor  pos- 
sessed by  the  female  in  this  family,  which  is  directed  forward 
in  copulation.  At  the  hind  angles  of  the  anterior  lamina  there 
is  developed  another  pair  of  hamules,  the  anterior  ones,  clearly 
marked  and  extending  posteriorly  to  meet  and  cover  the  sup- 
porting framework  m.  Where  these  first  hamules  are  not 
clearly  developed,  there  is  found  in  all  cases  a  marked  develop- 
ment of  the  anterior  lamina  and  in  most  cases  a  tendency 
toward  the  formation  of  the  anterior  hamules.  For  example, 
in  Gomphaeschna  one  pair,  the  posterior,  hamules  are  found. 
But  seemingly  to  compensate  for  what  is  attained  by  the  de- 
velopment of  a  second  pair,  the  anterior  lamina  is  highly  dif- 
ferentiated, the  sheath  of  the  penis  is  barbed  and  peculiar  lobes 
are  developed  on  the  seminal  vesicle  which  seem  to  function 
somewhat  like  the  genital  lobes  of  the  T>ibcllulidae.  V/here 
genital  lobes  arc  well  developed,  two  pair  of  hamules  do  not 
appear. 

At  s  is  shown  a  well  developed  sheath  entirely  corresponding 
in  position  with  that  of  the  former  figure,  only  more  specialized. 
This  sheath  is  supported  by  a  framework  only  a  little  more  com- 
plicated than  the  framework  among  the  Libellulidae.  more  chitinized 
in  every  point  and  especially  marked  in  the  better  development  of 
the  posterior  jortion  n  which  is  only  a  line  in  figure  (h).  It  is 
easily   seen   that   the    framework    is   homologous   with   that  of   the 


REPORT   OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  253 

Libellulidae.  h  is  situated  between  the  first  and  second  hamules. 
It  is  my  opinion  that  the  first  pair  of  hamules  are  developments  of 
the  posterior  and  outer  sides  of  the  anterior  lamina,  while  the  sec- 
ond pair  are  the  terminations  of  the  posterior  portion  of  the  frame- 
work which  swings  around  close  to  segment  3  in  this  figure.  This 
point  is  discussed,  more  fully,  later.  0  shows  the  penis  and  seminal 
vesicle  developed  on  segment  3. 

The  next  figure  (d)  is  a  sketch  representing  the  relation  of 
parts  typical  for  the  entire  suborder  Zygoptera.  The  most 
apparent  difference  between  this  and  the  two  figures  explained 
above  is  in  the  location  of  the  penis,  p  this  being  on  the 
2d  segment  here,  and  seemingly  in  an  exactly  homologous  po- 
sition to  that  of  the  sheath  of  Anisoptera.  The  supporting 
framework  is  constructed  on  the  same  plan  as  that  of  Anisoptera, 
m  being  the  anterior  portion  which  passes  under  the  penis 
and  also  under  the  lobes  of  the  anterior  lamina  and  n  the 
posterior  portion  intimately  associated  with  the  hamules  h.  Only 
one  pair  of  hamules  is  noted;  however,  associated  with  this  fact, 
one  must  notice  the  remarkable  development  of  the  posterior 
portion  of  the  anterior  lamina  of  which  the  lobed  portions 
divided  well  back,  appear  like  a  second  pair  of  hamules,  and 
no  doubt  so  function,  while  the  smaller  chitinized  structure 
between  the  lobes  of  the  lamina  and  just  anterior  to  and  over 
the  penis,  formed  by  an  infolding  of  the  under  side  of  the 
anterior  lamina,  appears  analogous  in  position  to  the  sheath  of 
the  penis  in  the  other  suborder.  The  vesicle  0  is  clearly 
marked  on  segment  3. 

Ontogeny 

These  peculiar  structures  develop  in  late  nymphal  life.  They 
originate  out  of  folds  and  thickenings  of  the  epidermis,  formed 
chiefly  during  the  last  nymphal  stage  beneath  the  chitinized 
cuticle.  By  a  careful  removal  of  the  cuticle,  the  underlying 
parts  may  be  exposed  to  view  while  still  in  a  very  rudimentary 
condition. 

Figure  19  (m)  represents  the  2d  segment  of  a  nymph  of 
L  i  b  e  1 1  u  1  a  p  u  1  c  h  c  11  a  in  the  last  nymphal  stage  in  the 
ventral  view  with  the  cuticle  removed,  and  a  cross-section  of 
the  same  is  shown  at  (n).     In  (in),  I  is    the   anterior    lamina;  k, 


254 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


the  sheath  of  the  penis  with  in(Hcations  of  the  posterior  por- 
tion of  its  framework  at  (j ;  h,  the  single  pair  of  hamules  de- 
veloping upon  the  anterior  portion  of  the  framework  g,  and 
on  segment  3,  the  penis  and  vesicle  are  clearly  indicated.  The 
posterior  lobe  is  the  vesicle  while  the  anterior  lobe  is  the  penis 
which  extends  well  niK)n  segment  2  in  the  imago. 

The  cross-section  (;/)  made  through  these 
parts  at  the  level  of  the  hamules,  shows 
the  extent  of  the  ventral  pocket  that  is 
fjl  formed  by  the  overgrowth  of  the  hamules 
/;.  It  shows  also  at  the  thickened  angles 
either  side  of  ;.  the  points  where  the  thick- 
ened margins  of  the  sheath  are  forming. 

The   external    indications   of   the    struct- 
ures  developing  in   nymphs  on   segment   2 
are    shown    in    figure    20;    (.r)    represents 
those  of  Zygoptera,    (3')    those   of   Libel- 
F^8  "9  lulidae  and   (z)  those  of  Gomphidae.       n 

in  each  case  represents  the  anterior  lamina,  p  the  penis  in  Lestes 
while  o  indicates  the  penis  and  vesicle  in  the  case  of  Libellula  and 
Ophiogomphus  and  n  the  vesicle  alone  in  Zygoptera. 

Tn  Lestes,  the  representative  of  the  suborder  Zygoptera,  one 
may  nf)te  that  the  anterior  laiuina  has  already  approximated 
the  form  found  in  the  imago.  The  two  rounded  structures,  one 
on    either    side    of    the    penis,    are    the    two    lobes    of    the    well 


divided  lamina  found  in  this  suborder,  ii  is  the  vesicle  on 
segment  3,  not  so  large  as  the  vesicle  a]ipears  in  the  Anisop- 
tera  because  of  the  fact  that  on  segment  3  in  the  Anisoptera  we 
not    oidy    find    the    vesicle    but    the    penis   closely    joined   to   it. 

The  space  iM)Sterior  to  ti  in  Libellulidae  (y)  figure  20  is 
no  doubt  the  place  occui)icd  by  the  fully  developed  penis  and 
sheath,  now  unable  to  be  seen  through  the  chitin.    In  the  mpre 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    IQO/  255 

specialized  Libellulinae  there  are  scarcely  any  indications  of 
these  parts  in  the  nymph  externally  visible,  but  they  are  easily 
recognized    in    most    Corduline    nymphs. 

In  (s)  two  structures  are  noted  meeting  in  a  median  line  and 
apparently  a  part  of  the  lamina  anterior  to  them.  These 
structures  are  the  evidences  of  the  strongly  developed  first  pair 
of  hamules  which  come  from  the  posterior  portion  of  the  an- 
terior lamina.  Comparisons  of  this  figure  with  the  imago  will 
bear  out  this  conclusion. 

Comparative  anatomy  of  adult  forms 
Let  us  now  proceed  to  a  more  careful  examination  of  these 
parts  and  their  relations  in  the  several  major  groups  of  Odonata, 
beginning  with  a  generalized  representative  of  the  Libellulinae. 

Figure   21    represents   the    conditions    found   in    Peri-      v ^ 

themis.    The  anterior  lamina  here  (figure  21 )  / ;  is  sim-  1  v-''''^H;L 

pie  in  structure  and  has  already  been  described,  special  mjj\^ 
attention  being  called  to  the  notches  at  the  sides,  and  to  L-^^r=r^^N^ 
the  lateral  divisions  marked  k,   for  these  indicate  the  fir.  21 

source  of  the  anterior  pair  of  hamules.  The  hamule  h  is  attached 
anteriorly  to  the  portion  of  the  framework  which  passes  forward 
under  the  anterior  lamina,  as  well  as  to  v  which  here  is  only  a 
line  of  chitin  passing  posteriorly  to  the  sheath  s.  This  line  of 
chitin  is  to  be  found  in  all  other  forms  in  both  suborders  and  it 
seems  to  be  a  part  conjoining  the  rear  ends  of  the  second  pair  of 
hamules.  Wherever  the  hamules  are  well  developed,  this  line  of 
chitin  is  well  developed,  as  will  be  shown  farther  on.  j  is  the 
sheath  of  the  penis  which  is  transparent  and  poorly  chitinized, 
another  characteristic  of  this  family.  This  sheath  is  attached  at 
two  points  to  the  line  Z'  connecting  the  hamules,  as  well  as  to  the 
anterior  portion  of  the  U-bar  where  it  begins  to  curve  upwards. 

In  Nannothemis,  Perithemis  and  Celithemis  these  condi- 
tions were  found  to  be  approximately  the  same.  In  the  last  was 
found  the  least  chitinized  condition  of  the  portion  of  the  frame- 
work marked  v  connecting  hamules  or  either  side  of  the 
sheath.  In  all  other  forms  examined  it  was  well  developed  and 
in  some  it  was  very  thick  and  strong.  As  far  as  complexity  or 
specialization  of  parts  is  concerned,  the  author  concludes  that 


256  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

here  we  have  the  least  specialized  external  genital  parts,  how- 
ever, all  structures  here  present  are  found  in  both  suborders  and 
in  all  are  easily  homologized  with  those  in  Perithemis. 

In  figure  22  three  variations,  found  in  other  families  of  Anisop- 
tera,  in  the  structure  of  the  supporting  framework  are  shown, 
X  from  Ophiogomphus,  y  from  Epiaeschna  and  c  from  Gom- 
phoides.     If  one  compares  these  with  Perithemis,  figure  20,  it  may 

be  easily  seen  that  all  are 
constructed  on  the  same 
general  form.  Ophiogom- 
phus (.r)  shows  perhaps  the 
most  complex  condition 
owing  to  the  new  lines  of 
chitin  at  u.  Letter  e 
refers  to  that  bar  of  chitin 
which  is  produced  under  the  anterior  lamina  and  passes  posteriorly 
directly  under  the  base  of  the  sheath  ^  in  each  case.  The  sheath 
here  and  in  the  following  figures  is  much  more  chitinized  and  in 
every  way  better  developed.  In  Epiaeschna  (y)  the  posterior  por- 
tion of  the  framework  is  extremely  chitinized  and  enlarged  over 
that  of  Perithemis.  The  hamules  are  very  large  with  a  correspond- 
ing enlargement  of  the  framework  to  which  they  are  attached.  The 
two  bars  passing  on  each  side  of  the  sheath  and  below  it  correspond 
of  course  to  e  in  (x).  As  far  as  the  support  of  the  sheath  is 
concerned,  this  seems  to  represent  a  transition  between  (.1*)  with 
the  lines  at  u  fully  developed  and  (2)  with  the  indications  of  such 
lines  entirely  lacking.  One  can  easily  note  in  (y)  the  stumps  of 
processes  which  are  homologous,  as  far  as  they  go,  to  lines  u 
in   (x). 

Perhaps  t^ie  spatial  relations  of  these  complicated  parts  will 
bj  better  shown  by  a  diagram  of  the  median  ])!anc.  Figure  23 
presents  a  sagittal  section  of  the  inverted  ventral  part  of  the 
2d  segment  in  both  suborders,  with  homologies  indicated  as 
far  as  possible.  These  are  views  from  the  interior,  (m)  being 
the  inside  view  of  Zygoptcra  anrl  (n)  that  of  Anisoptera. 

In  (i)i)  the  anterior  lamina  is  marked  /.  It  passes  poste- 
rif>r]y  just  over  the  anterior  portion  of  the  framework  which  is 
just    below    the    penis    at  c.     The    under    side    of    the    lamina    is 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  257 

marked  by  two  peculiar  folds,  one  attached  directly  to  the  lobe 
at  a  and  the  other  forming  what  appears  as  a  sheath  x  for 
the  penis  p.  Attention  was  called  to  this  particular  structure 
in  figure  18  (d).  It  is  suggested  that  perhaps  the  large  posterior 
lobe  of  the  lamina  indicated  at  a  may  function  as  a  hamule, 
like  the  first  pair  of  hamules  present  in  many  of  the  Anisoptera. 
Letter  e  shows  the  anterior  portion  of 
the  framework  which  is  connected 
with  V  the  posterior  portion  at  h  or 
the  hamule.  The  penis  is  supported 
directly  by  c  and  in  a  position  exactly 
corresponding  to  the  sheath  in  Anisop- 
tera. Only  its  base  is  shown,  with 
the  recurved  tip  cut  ofif.  /  shows  a 
line  just  back  of  the  hamule  h  ap- 
parently separating  the  hamule  and  ^'s-  ^3  >d 
the  posterior  portion  of  framework  v  from  e  the  anterior  portion. 

In  (n)  one  may  note  the  condition  found  in  the  Anisoptera. 
The  well  developed  hamule  h  resting  on  the  framework  with 
its  prominent  hooked  end  extended  posteriorly.  The  second  h 
refers  to  another  structure  developing  from  the  anterior  lamina 
/  and  functioning  where  well  developed  as  the  first  or  anterior 
pair  of  hamules.  .y  is  the  sheath  for  the  penis  (penis  not  shown 
in  the  figure :  it  is  attached  to  segment  3  but  extends  forward 
well  over  seginent  2.)  ^f  is  a  structure  pecuhar  to  the  Libel- 
lulidae,  already  referred  to  as  the  genital  lobe  and  no  doubt  func- 
tioning in  copulation. 

The  greatest  difference  to  be  noted  in  these  two  figures  is 
in  the  location  of  the  penis.  In  Zygoptera  we  find  it  on  seg- 
ment 2  and  in  the  exact  position  occupied  by  the  sheath  in 
Anisoptera. 

Let  us  now  turn  to  the  anterior  portion  of  the  second  abdom- 
inal sternite.  In  figure  24  there  are  several  anterior  laminae  of 
Anisoptera,  each  showing  quite  clearly  that  portion  of  the  lamina 
which  the  writer  holds  has  developed  into  the  anterior  pair  of 
hamules. 

In    (a)    the   anterior   lamina   of   Didymops   is   shown.     /  is   the 
lamina,  with  h  the  highly  chitinized  first  pair  of  hamules  well 
developed  and  slightly  reflexed  on  their  edges,  no  doubt  a  de- 
9 


258 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


velopment  assisting  in  copulation.     They  are  also  well  covered 
with  hairs  on  their  interior  surfaces. 

In  {b)  the  very  well  devel- 
oped anterior  hamules  of 
G  o  m  p  h  o  i  d  e  s  stigma- 
t  u  s  are  shown.  Here  they 
extend  well  forward  under 
the  sides  of  the  anterior 
lamina  which  is  indicated  at 
/.  One  should  note  in  this 
figure  how  far  anteriorly 
these  first  hamules  pass  and 
that  they  are  an  integral 
part  of  the  anterior  lamina. 
In  (f)  the  lamina  and 
hamules  of  Gomphidia  are 
shown.  These  first  hamules 
are  thickly  chitinized  and 
have  a  raised  edge  near  the  tip,  sharp  and  well  covered  with  hairs. 
F^igure  24  </  shows  a  sagittal  section  of  these  structures  to  farther 
indicate  the  point  of  origin  of  these  haiuules  from  the  sides  of  the 
anterior  lamina.  /  here  shows  the  lamina,  hairy  and  chitinized, 
while  h  is  the  hamule  with  its  origin  well  under  the  lamina. 

Figure  24  c  is  one  of  the  most  peculiar  and  highly  si)ecial- 
ized  anterior  laminae  met  by  the  writer.  This  was  found  in 
P.  o  y  e  r  i  a  i  r  c  n  e  ;  h  shows  the  hamule  separated  from  the 
lamina  /  by  lines  which  pass  just  posterior  and  under  the  peculiar 
lobes  m  of  the  lamina.  It  is  a  cliitini/.cd  structure,  specially  on  its 
inner  side  where  is  formed  tlic  peculiar  notchetl  e(\ge  and  the 
pointed  concave  structure  lying  between  the  posterior  portions  of 
the  anterior  laiuina.  The  lamina  itself  is  almost  divided  to  its  an- 
terior end  and  possesses  two  well  developed  (ingerlike  lobes  >n 
covered  at  the  ends  with  hairs.  It  would  be  interesting  to  compare 
any  peculiarities  of  the  female  structures  that  might  farther  eluci- 
date this  peculiar  lamina  and  hamule. 

In  figure  25  at  (c)  is  shown  tlu'  anterior  lamina  typical  of  the 
suborder  Zygoptcra.  This  is  a  .sketch  of  the  lamina  of  Calop- 
teryx.  The  lamina  is  well  divided  above  into  two  parts  marked 
0  with  their  posterior  ends  y  lobed  and  producing  on  their 
under  surfaces  the  structures  marked  v  and  x.     The  latter  ex- 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


259 


tends  posteriorly  under  the  lobes  y  and  appears  at  the  point 
marked  tc.  This  structure  lies  in  Zygoptera  in  a  position  ex- 
actly corresponding,  so  far  as  the  penis  is  concerned,  to  some  of 
the  sheaths  of  Anisoptera  and  evidently   it  has  a  similar  func- 


tion. It  is  chitinized  above  and  lies  over  and  anterior  to  the 
reflexed  penis.  The  posterior  lobes  of  the  anterior  lamina  no 
doubt  function  like  the  first  pair  of  hamules  in  Anisoptera. 
c  shows  a  pit,  a  small  hole,  found  in  this  segment  as  well  as 
in  segments  i  and  3  in  a  great  many  instances  among  both 
suborders. 

Figure  25  a,  b,  d  and  c  shows  also  some  of  the  diiYerent  lobes  of 
the  anterior  lamina  common  to  the  Zygoptera.  (c)  is  from  Argia, 
(d)  from  Nehallennia,  (b)  from  Lestes  and  (a)  from  Anisopleura. 

Returning  now  to  the  parts  developed  from  the  rear  of 
the  sternum  of  the  2d  abdominal  segment  (the  sternellum), 
let  us  further  consider  the  development  of  parts  immediately 
adjacent  to  the  penis,  the  protecting  sheath  and  the  hamules. 
The  very  remarkable  structure  of  the  penis  itself  has  been  de- 
tailed and  figured  by  Hagen  in  Monographic  dcs  Gomphincs, 
and  elsewhere.  The  tips  -of  the  hamules  have  been  figured  for 
many  forms  by  many  authors,  but  the  forms  and  relations  as- 
sumed by  the  penis  sheath  have  scarcely  been  noticed  hitherto. 
In  figures  26  and  27  are  shown  two  series  of  forms  of  the  penis 
sheath,  illustrating  the  comparative  development  of  two  differ- 
ent types  of  sheaths  found  among  the  Anisoptera. 

Figure  26  p  is  one  of  the  simplest  sheaths  found.  It  is 
a  flat,  translucent  sheath,  thin,  excepting  the  edges,  lying  in 
a  horizontal  position  below  the  penis,     x  sho\vs  the  portion  of 


26o 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


the  supporting  framework  heretofore  described.  This  is  the 
sheath  of  one  of  the  LibelhiHdae,  Nannothemis.  q  and  r  show 
the  same  type  of  sheath  a  little  more  chitinized  and  much  more 

reflexed  up  and  over  the  penis,  s 
is  from  Didymops  and  shows  a 
transitional  condition  between  those 
preceding  and  those  following. 
Here  the  sheath  is  flat  but  chiti- 
nized entirely  and  reflexed  more 
over  the  penis,  t  and  n  show  the 
highest  specialization  of  sheaths  of 
this  type  —  thick,  chitinized,  in- 
terior surface  flattened,  and  much  reflexed  for  the  reception  of  the 
penis.  These  were  found  among  Aeschnidae.  These  sheaths  of 
Cordulegaster  and  Tachopteryx  are  stiff,  hard,  black  structures. 
They  are  supported  by  the  framework  the  same  as  that  indi- 
cated at  X  for  Nannothemis. 

Figure  27  shows  a  more  highly  specialized  type  than  in 
figure  26.  This  form  of  sheath  seems  to  be  better  fitted 
to    fulfil    its    function    than    the    former    type    and    in    fact    each 

sheath  here  is  a  very  concave, 
hollow  receptacle  for  the  penis. 
p  is  the  sheath  of  Gomphus,  a 
very  well  chitinized  structure 
with  a  fairly  deep  cavity  for 
the  reception  of  the  penis,  indi- 
cated by  a  cross-section  of  its 
dee])est  porti<^n.  x  indicates 
the  position  of  the  underlying 
framework,  q  is  the  sheath  of 
shglitly  different  form  in  that  the 
cross-section  of  its  deei)cst  part  presents  a  wedge-shaped  cavity. 
The  other  letters  r,-  s  -and  t  represent  dthcr  forms  constructed 
an   the  same  general   plan  as   that  of   r,omphacschna. 

In  figure  2.S  tlic  relative  developnu-nt  of  the  hamulcs  in  the 
Anisoptcra  is  shown,  special  attcntlMH  being  called  to  the  <le- 
velopment  of  the  first  or  anterior  liamule  from  the  lamina.  This 
is  a  series  beginning  with  T  o  r  d  n  1  i  a  s  h  u  r  t  1  e  f  1  i  and  ending 
with  Ophiogomphus. 


Gomphaesch.na.    nne    »it 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


261 


.3^ 


In  (h)  is  a  sagittal  section  from  the  2d  segment  of  Cordulia  witii 
the  following  strnctnrcs  noted,  the  letters  of  which  indicate  the  same 
structnres  as  in  the  other  figures.  ^  is  a  portion  of  one  side  of 
the  posterior  portion  of  the  framework 
heretofore  described,  which  is  always 
intimately  associated  with  the  posterior 
hamules.  Where  the  hamules  are  well 
chitinized  and  developed,  this  part  of  the 
frame  is  correspondingly  developed. 
The  hamules  appear  in  some  cases  to  be 
spread  along  posteriorly  on  this  frame- 
work, adding  to  its  thickness.  It  can  be 
followed  easily  in  all  the  figures.  /  is 
one  of  the  posterior  pair  of  hamules. 
This  hamule  in  all  figures  here  shown  is 
well  developed  and  in  some  cases  very 
decidedly  hooked  at  its  upper  point,  g 
is  the  anterior  portion  of  the  framework 
wliich  passes  beneath  the  anterior  lamina 
where  we  find  but  one  pair  of  hamules, 
and  in  this  figure,  and  those  following, 
it  passes  below  and  posterior  to  the  first 
pair  of  hamules  derived  from  the  an- 
terior lamiiia.  This  portion  of  the 
framework  is  the  direct  support  of  the  penis  in  Zygoptera  and  of 
the  sheath  in  Anisoptera.  h  is  the  first  pair  of  hamules  developing 
just  before  g  from  the  posterior  edge  of  the  anterior  lamina.'  The 
lamina  is  shown  at  i  covered  with  hairs  on  its  posterior  and  ventral 
surfaces.  The  first  hamule  h  is  not  well  developed ;  however,  it  is 
so  far  formed  that  one  can  easily  homologize  it  with  those  more 
fully  developed  in  any  of  the  following  figures. 

In  (/),  a  sagittal  section  of  Didymops,  is  shown  a  farther  and 
decided  development  of  the  first  hamule  marked  li  in  the  figure 
above  it.  The  other  structures  are  similarly  placed  and  easily  seen 
to  be  homologous. 

In  (m)  a  very  marked  development  of  the  first  hamule  is 
seen,  it  being,  in  this .  case,  almost  as  large  as  the  second 
hamule.  In  0/),  Tachopteryx,  is  to  be  noted  the  beginning  of 
the  lobed  condition  of  the  first  hamule  so  well  shown  in  ( o) , 
Ophiogomphus.  In  other  respects,  the  parts  are  similar  and 
similarly  placed  to  those  of  the  preceding  figures.  In  (o)  is  pre- 
sented, perhaps  the  most  extreme  development  in  the  way  of 


2^2  XEW    YORK    STATE    Ml'SF.l'Nf 

lianiulcs.  IJoth  the  tirsl  and  the  second  are  reniarkal)ly  lol)ed, 
hairy  and  chitinizcd.  Tlie  first  has  reached  the  extreme  in 
regard  to  its  bilobed  conchtion.  'I'he  second  haninle  has  a 
sharp,  strong  prong  pointing  anteriorly  or  in  tlie  opposite  di- 
rection to  the  lobes  of  the  first  pair.  The  anterinr  hnnina  is 
plainly  seen  anterior  to  the  hamules  with  the  framework  in 
the   same    position   as    in    other   forms. 

We  may,  I  think,  assume  here  that  these  figures  represent 
a  developmental  series  in  respect  to  the  production  of  the  first 
pair  of  hamules. 

Recapitulation  of  the  important  points  in  the  foregoing 
paper : 

1  In  Anisoptera  the  penis  is  found  ui)on  the  3d  ab  lominal  seg- 
ment, while  in  Zygoptera  it  is  found  on  the  2d.  it  seems  jirobable 
that  the  i)enis  in  Zygoptera  is  developed  from  the  2d  segment,  while 
that  in  Anisoptera  is  developed  from  the  3(1  and  extended  upon 
the  2(1.     However,  evidence  from  embryology  is  needed  here. 

2  The  supporting  framework  in  both  suborders  is  built  on 
the   same  plan. 

3  The  situation  of  the  posterior  or  second  i)air  of  hamules 
is  homologous  in  th.e  suborders,  as  well  as  the  situation  of  the 
seminal  vesicle. 

4  In  Zygoptera  only  one  pair,  the  posterior,  of  hanudes  is 
found  unless  we  assume  that  the  peculiarly  developed  posterior 
lobes  of  the  anterior  lamina  here,  are  to  be  taken  as  hamules. 

5  No  sheath  of  the  penis  is  found  in  Zygoptera  homologous 
in  position  to  that  of  .\niso])tera,  but  we  may  assume  that  the 
chitinized  structure  between  the  ])osterior  lobes  of  the  anterior 
lamina  serves  the  same  function  as  the  sheath  in  Anisoptera, 
because  of  its  location  before  and   over  the   penis. 

6  The  sheath  in  Anisoptera  and  the  penis  in  Zygoptera  arc 
in  homologous  positions,  that  is,  directly  upon  the  anterior  por- 
tion of  the  framework   which  passes  across  below  them. 

7  I'Aidence  seems  to  show  that  the  anterior  lamina,  first 
pair  of  hanudes  and  the  anterior  portion  nf  the  framework, 
that  is.  the  ])art  extending  under,  and  .ittached  to  the  lower 
surface  of  the  anterior  lamina,  ari'  developments  of  the  sternum, 
while  all  other  .structures  on  segment  i^\  come  from  the  stcrnellum. 

8  The  Libcllulinae  among  the  .Anisopter.i  siem  to  show  the 
least  specialized  male  genital  apparatus,  while  it  i^  difhcnlt  to  settle 
which  is  so  among  the  Zygoi)tcra.  The  extreme  in  specialization  of 
these  parts  is  perhaps  found  among  the  Clomphidac. 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  263 

9  The  anterior  or  first  pair  of  hamules  in  the  phylogenetic 
series  show  themselves  to  be  developments  of  the  anterior 
lamina. 

10  Among  the  Libellulinae  two  pairs  of  hamules  are  not 
found,  but  as  compensatory  organs  the  genital  lobes  are  very  well 
developed.  Genital  lobes  are  not  found  where  the  first  or  anterior 
pair  of  hamules  is  well  developed. 

11  Among  the  Anisoptera,  the  Aeschnidae  and  the  Gom- 
phidae  have  a  very  highly  specialized  condition  of  the  2d  seg- 
ment while  the  Libellulidae  represent  the  other  extreme.  The 
Cordulegasteridae  seem  to  be  transitional  in  some  respects  be- 
tween the  two. 

Bibliography 

1742  Reamur,  R.  A.  F.  Hist,  clcs  Insects  Tome  6,  p.  387-456 
1839  Burmeister,  H.  C.  C.  llandl).  der  Entomclogie  2:807-8 
1857    de    Selys    Longchamps,    E.    &    Hagen,    H.    A.      Monographie    des 

Gomphines 
1868     Brandt,  A.     Beitragc  zur  T-'.ntwickelungsgeschichte  der  Libelluliden 

und    Hemipteren   mit   besonderen    Beriicksichtigung   der    Embry- 

onalhiille     derselben.     Mem.     Acad.     Imp.     Sci.     de     St     Petcrsb.     7, 

Serie  Tome   13,   No.    i 
1883     Packard,   A.   S.      Syst.    Position   of   tbe   Orthoptera   in    Relation    to 

rther   Orders   of   Insects,   U.   S.   Ent.   Com.   3d   Rep't,   p.  286^345,  pi. 

23-64 
1893     Ingenitzky,  J.     Zur   Kenntnis  der   Begattungsorgane   der   Libelluli- 
den, Zool.   Anz.   16,  Jahrg.   No.  432,  p.  405-7 
1893     Calvert,    P.    P.      Catalog    of    Odonata,    Vic.    of    Philadelphia    with 

introduction    to   the   study  of   the   group.     Am.   Ent.   Soc.   Trans. 

20:    152-272,   2   pi. 
1896    Goddard,    M.    F.      On    the    second    abdominal    segment     in    a    few 

Lil)clh-lidac.     Amcr.   Sec.   Phila.   Prcc.  35:205-12,  2  pi. 
1896     Heymons,   R.      Grundziige   der   Enwicklung  und   des   Korpcrbaues 

von    Odonatcn   und    Ephemeriden.     Anh.   zu    den   Abh.   der   Konigl. 

Preuss.     Akad.  der  Wisscnschaften  zu  Berlin,     p.  26-44 
1899     Williamson,  E.  B.     Additions  to  Indiana  list  of  Dragon  flies  with 

a   few  notes.      Ind.  Acad.  Sci.   Proc.   No.  II,  p.   125 
iyo2     Comstock,   J.    H.   and   Kochi,   C.     The    Skeleton    of   the    Head   of 

Insects.     Am.  Nat.  Vol.  36:  No.  421. 

1903  Handlirsch,  A.     Zur   Morphologic  des   Hinterleibes  der  Odonaten. 

Annal.  des  K.   K.   Naturhistorischen  Hofmuseums,   18:119-22. 

1904  Heymons,   R.     Die   Hinterlcibsanhange   der   Libellen   und   ihrer  Lar- 

ven.    Annal.    des    K.    K.    Naturhistorischen    Hofmuseums,    19:21-58. 
1904    Handlirsch,  A.     Bemerkungen   zu  der  Arbeit  des  Herrn   Prof.   Dr 

Heymons  uber  die  Abdominalauhange  der   Libellen.     Annal.   des 

K.   K.   Naturhistorischen   Hofmuseums,   Bd.    ig 
NOTK.    iMgures    of     the     ai^pendages     herein     discussed     will     be     found     in 
the  systematic  papers  of  Calvert,   I*'()rster,   Hagen,  Kirby,   Martin,   Need- 
ham,  Ris,   \\'illiams'in  and  other  writers  on  Odonata. 


NEW  NORTH  AMERICAN  CHIRONOMIDAE 

BY 

OSKAR  AUGUSTUS  JOHANNSEN 

Since  the  publication  of  the  paper  on  Chironomidae  in  the  New 
York  State  AInseum  JUilletin  86  (Entomology  23),  1905^  there  have 
appeared  several  papers  on  this  family  of  flies  in  which  some 
changes  in  classification  are  proposed,  making  it  desirable  to  give  a 
review  of  this  work.  The  most  important  of  these  papers  is  J.  J. 
Kiefifer's  Chironomidae  in  Genera  Insectoruni,  42me  Fascicule, 
1906,  in  which  several  of  the  older  genera  have  been  subdivided. 
The  necessary  changes  to  bring  the  key  of  Bui.  86  (page  89)  down 
to  date  are  given  on  pages  264  and  270  of  this  report. 

Subfamily  ceratopogoninae 
Group  Ccratopogon,  Biil.  86,  p.  92,  line  25 
i  Last    tarsal   joint   with   cmpodiuin,   cither   distinct   or   developed   pulvilli- 
form,  wings  usually  hairy,  femora  without  spines,  tarsal  claws  equal 
;■  Empodium  well  developed,  almost  as  long  as  the  claws,  these  without 

setae Ceratopogon' 

jj  Empodium  nut  so  distinct,  less  than  half  as  long  as  the  claws,  the 
latter  with  setae  at  the  base,  hind  metatarsus  always  longer  than 
the  following  joint,  wings  often  spotted  or  mottled  (Occacta  Poey 

is  probably  a  synonym)    Culicoides 

/;  I.a^t  tarsal  joint  without  empodium,  wings  usually  bare 
I  Wing   with   Ri   distinctly   separated    from   the   posterior   brancli   of   the 
radius  and  nit  connected  with  it  by  the  cross  vein  like  R.-fr..    P>ezzia' 
jj  Wing  with  R24-3  i)resent,  crossvein   like 

k  Media  simple I'Machypogon 

•     /./.•  .Media  with  two  branches 

/  I'^cmora    without    stout   spines   on    the   underside    

Jnliaiinseniella   Wiilislon 
//  Some  'ir  all   ftin<  ra  spin.^se  beneath 

VI   Neither   fore  nor  bind    femora   nnich   thickened Palpomyia 

mm   b'ither  fore  or  hind   femora  thickened 

n  b'orc  femora  thickened  Ilctcromyia 

1111  Hind  femora  thickened  ..  .• Serromyia 

'  All  reference  to  this  bull  -tin  will  be  KJvcn  in  Ihii  p.-ip;r  as  "Bui.  86." 

'  If  the  names   published   in   th?  carlieit   w  irk  of  MciRjn  (1800)  arc  acccpteil  by  enlo- 

moloKisls  then  Tcndtpcs,  /V/t>/»i<i,  and   llctia   will  leplaic   respectively  C"/n>t>»io»»(MX,  Tatty- 

pus.  and   Ceratopogon. 

*  The  homology  of  the  wing  venation  is  incorrectly  Kiven  on  pi.   17,  liR.  t,\-t(>,  in  Dul.  86. 

What  is  marked  R4  +  »  shoiiM  b:;  marked  M|+,;  in  fiR.   is  R.j  +  a  should  be  marked  K.j^^:  in 

(iK.   16  k.j  should  read    R-j^-j,  and    R.j.j.3  should  read    Ri  +  j. 

264 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  265 

Species  which  belong  to  the  Ceratopogoninae  but  not  sufficiently 
characterized  to  place  are  :  s  o  r  d  i  d  c  1 1  u  s  (belongs  to  Bezzia  or 
Joliannseniella),  basal  is  and  obscurus  (Palpomyia  or 
Bezzia),  arcticus  and  sequax  (belong  to  Ceratopogon  or 
Johannseniella),  a  1  b  a  r  i  u  s  and  d  i  m  i  d  i  a  t  u  s  (belong  to 
Johannseniclla  or  Palpomyia) ,  r  u  f  u  s  and  s  u  b  a  s  p  e  r  (belong 
to  Palpomyia  or  Heteromyia),  and  scutellatus  Say  (wholly 
indeterminate) .  The  species  s  t  e  n  a  m  m  a  t  u  s  and  w  h  e  e  1  e  r  i 
are  known  only  in  the  immature  stages. 

Genus  ceratopogon 
Meigen,  1803;  Kieffer,  1899,  1906 

IMeigen  (1803)  mentions  barbicornis  as  the  representative 
of  this  genus.  This  was  evidently  an  erroneous  identification,  since 
in  1804  he  placed  it  among  unknown  species  and  gave  a  compiled 
description,  followed  by  the  remark  that  he  was  not  certain  whether 
the  species  described  under  this  name  by  Gmelin  and  Schrank  was 
the  true  barbicornis  or  whether  they  had  mistaken  his 
Ceratopogon  communis  for  it  —  thus  apparently  indicat- 
ing that  he  had  made  the  same  mistake  previously.  It  thus  appears 
that  Meigen  had  communis  in  mind  as  the  representative  of 
the  genus  and  it  must  therefore  be  considered  as  the  type.  I  am 
indebted  to  Mr  Coquillett  for  the  quotation  from  Meigen   (1804). 

Ceratopogon  communis,  though  not  a  well  known 
species,  belongs  without  doubt  (as  may  be  seen  from  Meigen's 
description)  to  the  genus  Ceratopogon  as  now  restricted,  under  the 
subgenus  Atrichopogon  of  Kiefifer. 

The  following  North  American  species  are  referred  to  the  genus 
Ceratopogon.  Those  marked  with  an  asterisk  may  possibly  belong 
to  Culicoides.  *ancorus,  *bellus,  bipunctatus, 
b  r  u  m  a  1  i  s  ,     *  c  a  1  c  a  r  a  t  u  s  ,     c  i  1  i  p  e  s  ,     *  c  i  n  c  t  i  p  e  s  , 

*  decor,  eques  n.  sp.,  eriophorus,  exilis, 
f  i  m  b  r  i  a  t  u  s  ,     f  1  a  v  u  s  ,     f  u  s  c  i  c  o  r  n  i  s  ,     f  u  s  c  u  1  u  s  , 

*  g  e  n  u  a  1  i  s,  *  h  i  r  t  u  1  u  s  ,  'Mi  o  1 1  e  n  s  i  s  ,  *  1  i  t  u  r  a  t  u  s  , 
ni  o  n  1 1  i  c  o  r  n  i  s  ,  *  p  a  r  v  u  s  ,  p  c  r  g  a  n  d  e  i ,  p  i  1  o  s  u  1  u  s  , 
propinquus,  *pygmaeus,  specularis,  squa- 
mipes,  *ten^brosus,  tersites,  texanus,  *tran- 
s  i  e  n  s  ,  *  u  n  i  c  o  1  o  r  ,  \\'  e  b  s  t  e  r  i  ,  p  e  r  e  g  r  i  n  u  s  n.  sp., 
arcticus  and  ?  e  q  u  a  x.  The  last  two  may  belong  to  Johannseni- 
ella. 

Ceratopogon     bipunctatus     Linne,     which     is     not 


266  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

uncommon  in  New  York,  resembles  specularis  Coq.  but  differs 
in  liaving  the  mesonotum  opaque  and  sparsely  beset  with  yellow 
hairs. 

Ceratopogon  eques  n.  sp. 

Female.  Head,  with  face,  proboscis,  palpi  and  antennae  wholly 
fuscous;  hairs  of  the  head  yellowish;  those  of  the  antennae  grayish 
white;  eyes  widely  separated,  cut  out  around  base  of  antennae,  the 
latter  with  basal  joints  moniliform,  tirsi  joiut  enlarged,  two  to 
eight  shorter  than  wide,  closely  sessile,  ninth  ab(nit  as  long  as  wide, 
tenth  to  thirteenth  spindle-shaped,  from  twice  to  thrice  as  long  as 
wide,  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  wider  than  the  preceding,  four- 
teenth especially  considerably  enlarged,  its  apex  with  a  tiny  papilla 
which  is  but  little  longer  than  wide.  Facets  of  the  eyes  large. 
Thorax  including  pleura,  sternum,  and  metanotum  fuscous,  sub- 
oj^aque.  the  scutellum  concolorcd  or  but  little  lighter.  Hairs  of 
the  dorsum  ]:)ale  yellow,  a  few  longer  ones  over  the  fore  coxae  and 
the  setae  of  the  scutellum  for  the  most  part  black.  Abdomen  fus- 
cous, subopaque,  the  hairs  ])aler.  eycc])t  a  few  long  black  setae  near 
base. 

Legs  pale  yellow,  the  apical  tarsal  joints  a  little  darker;  coxae 
fuscous;  hind  metatarsus  over  twice  as  hmg  as  the  fullowing  joint; 
fourth  tarsal  joint  slightly  shorter  than  the  fifth:  empodium  brush- 
like, as  long  as  the  claws.  Wings  covered  with  grayish  hairs,  no 
])ale  stigma  on  the  costa,  the  hairs  on  the  posterior  margin  of 
moderate  length.  Tlie  radius  ends  but  little  beyond  the  middle  of 
the  wing,  the  anterior  branch  of  this  vein  ends  in  the  costa  about 
as  far  pro>imad  from  eml  of  the  ])osterior  brancli  as  the  length  of 
the  small  cell,  which  is  nearly  obliterated  ;  media  with  short  indis- 
tinct petiole;  cu])itus  forks  at  about  the  nn'd  Icnglli  of  the  wing; 
veins   fuscous.      Ilalteres  creatn-white.      j.ength    v;   mm. 

This  little  (ly  wa^  taken  by  Professor  .Xecdliam  in  nnmbrrs  from 
the    wings   of    .Mcleoma    at    <  )ld    i'orge.    X.    ^■..    in    the    snmmer   of 

Ceratopcgcn  peregrinus  n.  sp. 
Female.  Imiscous.  Head  with  tlie  antennae,  palpi  ami  the 
I'roboscis  fuscous;  eyc-s  contiguous;  anli'nnnl  hairs  yellowish,  the 
structure  of  the  antennae  as  in  (".  e  (|  u  e  s  ,  biU  the  ai)iral  papilla 
over  twice  as  long  as  wi<Ie.  'idior;i\  and  abilonu'n  wholly  I'nseous, 
with  \elli>wish  |)olleii  and  brown  hairs;  thorax  snbshining,  abdomen 
oi)aque.  pollen  of  the  latter  not  conspiciK  .us.  Legs  sordidly  yellow 
lo  yellowish  brown,  hin<l  metatarsus  about   three  limes  as  long  as 


REPORT    OF    TIIK    S'lATI-.    ICX'IOiNK  II.(  i( ;  IST     KP/  267 

the  following  jt)iiit,  fourth  tarsal  joint  slightly  shorter  than  the 
fifth,  jnilvilli  about  as  long  as  the  claws.  Wings  hairy  on  the  apical 
half  and  on  the  posterior  margin;  R^^j  ends  at  .7  the  length  of 
the  wing,  second  radial  cell  about  three  times  as  long  as  the  first, 
both  distinct,  base  of  the  first  radial  cell,  fork  of  the  media  and 
of  the  cubitus  equidistant  from  the  base  of  the  wing,  petiole  of  the 
media  about  half  as  long  as  the  cross  vein.  Jialteres  distinctly 
pale  brown.     Length  i  to  1.25  mm.     ()ld  Forge,  N.  Y. 

Genus    culicoides 
Latreillc,    1809;   Kicffer,   1899,   1906 

Oecacta  Poey  (1851)  and  Haeniatomyidium  Gocldi  (1905)  are 
probable  synonyms.  The  type  of  the  genus  is  C  .  punctata 
Meigen. 

It  was  formerly  supposed  that  all  the  hairy  winged  species  of  the 
Ceratopogoninae  had  terrestrial  larvae,  but  this  is  not  the  case. 
Mik  some  years  ago  described  a  semiaquatic  larva  from  which  he 
bred  Culicoides  h  i  p  p  o  c  a  s  t  a  n  i ,  and  I  have  reared 
several  species  of  Culicoides  and  also  of  the  subgenus  Ceratopogon 
from  aquatic  larvae  which  differ  but  little  from  those  of  the  bare 
winged  members  of  this  subfamily. 

The  North  American  representatives  of  this  genus  are  :  b  i  g  u  t  - 
tat  us.  cinctus,  cockerelli,  griseus,  gutti- 
p  e  n  n  i  s  ,  1  e  v  i  s  ,  lotus,  m  a  c  u  1  i  t  h  o  r  a  x  (=  Oec- 
acta f  u  r  e  n  s  ?) ,  m  e  1  1  e  u  s  ,  m  u  t  a  b  i  1  i  s  ,  p  h  1  e  b  o  - 
t  o  m  u  s  ,  s  a  n  g  u  i  s  u  g  a  ,  s  c  u  t  e  1  1  a  t  u  s  Meigen,  s  t  e  1  - 
lifer,  and  v  a  r  i  i  p  e  n  n  i  s.  Several  of  the  species  listed 
with  Ceratopogon  may  bclcMig  to  this  genus  also. 

Genus  bezzia 
Kieffcr,   1899,   1906 
Kieff  er    gives     (Ceratopogon)     ornata    Meigen    as    the 
type  of  the  genus  Rczzia. 

Subgenera  of  bezzia 

a  Femora  without  prominent  spines  tmderncath Probezzia  Kicffer 

aa  Femora  with  prominent   spines  underneath Bezzia   Kieffer 

North  American  species  belonging  h.ere  are  as  follows :  Subgenus 
Probezzia :  albivcntris,  bivittatus,  elegans,  ele- 
gant u  1  a  ,  f  1  a  V  o  n  i  g  e  r  ,  gibber,  g 1  a  b  e  r  ,  i  n  e  r  m  i  s  , 
o  p  a  c  u  s  ,     p  a  c  h  y  m  e  r  u  s  ,     s  m  i  t  h  i  i  ,     t  e  r  m  i  n  a  1  i  s  . 


268  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Subgenus  Bezzia :  b  a  r  b  e  r  i ,  e  x  p  o  1  i  t  u  s  ,  j  o  h  n  s  o  n  i , 
m  e  d  i  u  s  ,  p  r  u  i  n  o  s  u  s  ,  p  u  H'  c  r  u  s  ,  p  u  n  c  t  i  p  e  ii  n  i  s  , 
s  e  t  i  p  e  s  ,     s  e  t  u  1  o  s  u  s  ,     v  a  r  i  c  o  1  o  r  ,     v  e  u  u  s  t  u  1  u  s  . 

Genus  johannseniella 
Williston,    1907 

Ceratolophus  Kiefter  is  a  synonym.  Name  changed  owing  to 
preoccupation. 

The  type  of  this  genus  is  n  i  t  i  d  u  s  Macquart. 

The  following  species  are  North  American  representatives  of  the 
genus :  antennalis,  argentatus,  bimaculatus, 
c  a  u  d  c  1 1  i  i  ,  d  i  v  e  r  s  u  s  ,  f  1  a  v  i  c  e  p  s  n.  sp.,  g  i  1  v  u  s  , 
1  a  c  t  e  i  p  e  n  n  i  s  ,  1  o  n  g  i  c  o  r  n  i  s  ,  m  a  c  u  1  i  p  e  n  n  i  s  ,  m  a  g  - 
n  i  p  e  n  n  i  s  n.  sp.,  m  a  g  n  u  s  ,  n  c  b  u  1  o  s  u  s  ,  p  i  c  t  u  s  , 
p  o  1  i  t  u  s  ,     s  t  i  g  m  a  1  i  s  ,     and    v  i  r  i  d  i  s  . 

Johannseniella  flaviceps  n.  sp. 

The  species  described  on  page  105  (Bui.  86)  may  be  called 
flaviceps.  To  the  description  must  be  added  tha<-  the  media 
forks  proximad  of  the  R-M  cross  vein  and  that  all  claws  are  small 
and  equal. 

Johannseniella  magnipennis  n.  sp. 

Male.  Head  cinereous,  mouth  parts  and  antennae  fuscous, 
the  palpi  and  basal  joint  of  the  antenna  rather  paler.  Antennae 
rather  slender,  about  as  long  as  the  thorax,  short  haired,  joints 
cylindric-oval.  Eyes  widely  separated.  Thorax  densely  covered 
with  a  cinereous  bloom,  covering  also  the  sternum,  scutellum  and 
the  mesonotum.  Pile  of  the  dorsum  short,  sparse,  and  ])alc. 
Abdumcn,  which  is  nuich  shrunken  in  both  specimens,  is  yellowish 
brown  to  brown;  genitalia  ilarkcr,  apical  lobes  yellowish,  hairs 
yellowish. 

Legs  ekjngate.  brown,  including  coxae;  tarsi  white,  the  apical 
jf)int  of  each  foot  black;  hairs  of  femora  and  tibiae  s|)arse,  short 
and  ])ale;  fore  metatarsus  about  two  thirds  as  long  as  its  tibia; 
last  tarsal  joint  with  two  rows  of  stout  blunt  spines  on  under  side, 
fourth  joint  .slightly  broadened,  somewhat  shorter  than  the  fifth; 
claws  simple,  c(|ual,  about  half  the  length  of  the  last  tarsal  joint; 
tarsi  ciliate  with  fine  stifT  hairs  on  the  (lexor  surface.  Wings  wholly 
hyaline,  including  the  veins  excei)t  the  cross  vein  which  is  brownish  ; 
wing  extremely  long  and  broad  in  proportion  to  size  of  fly,  extend- 
ing considerably  beyond  apex  of  the  abdomen,  anal  rmgle  especially 


REPORT    OF    TIIF.    STATF    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  269 

prominent.  Costa  almost  reaches  tip  of  tlie  wing,  the  posterior 
branch  of  the  radius  entering  the  custa  but  a  short  distance  from 
its  apex.  F"irst  radial  cell  about  three  times  as  long  as  wide;  the 
media  forks  before  the  R-j\I  cross  vein;  the  cubitus  forks  more 
than  the  length  of  the  first  radial  cell  before  the  fork  of  the  media, 
the  two  anal  veins  do  not  reach  the  wing  margin.  Halteres  with 
a  grayish  tinge.  Length  2.5  mm  (abdomen  shrunken).  Length  of 
each  wing  5  mm.     Two  specimens.     Old  Forge,  N.  Y. 

Johannseniella  argentata  Loew 

This  species  was  erroneously  referred  to  Palpomyia  (Sphaerom- 
yas)  in  Bui.  86. 

Genus  palpomyia 
Megcrlc  in  litt.  ^kleigen  1818 
The  type  of  the  genus  is  f  1  a  v  i  p  e  s  ]\Ieigen  (=geniculata 
Megerle). 

Subgenera  of    palpomyia 

a  Last  tarsal  joint  with  two  rows  of  coarse  soines  below Sphaeromyas 

aa  Last  tarsal  joint  with  liairs  below  Palpomyia 

Alasion  Rondani  must  be  considered  as  a  synonym  of  the  sub- 
genus Palpomyia  since  f  1  a  v  i  p  e  s  ^ileigen  (=^  h  o  r  t  u  1  a  n  u  s)  is 
given  as  the  type  for  each. 

The  following  are  North  American  species  of  this  genus. 
Subgenus  Sphaeromyas  :  1  o  n  g  i  p  e  n  n  i  s  ,  s  c  a  b  e  r  ,  s  c  h  w  a  r  - 
zii,    slossonae,    subasper,    tibialis. 

Subgenus  Palpomyia  :  c  u  r  r  i  e  i  ,  f  1  a  v  i  p  e  5  ,  1  i  n  e  a  t  u  s  , 
n  ub  i  f  e  r  ,    t  r  i  v  i  a  1  is  . 

Genus  heteromyia 
Say,  1824.     Restored  to  generic  rank  by  Kiefifer  in  1906 
The  type  species  is    Heteromyia    f  a  s  c  i  a  t  a    Say. 
North   American   species   arc  :    c  1  a  v  a  t  a  ,     f  a  s  c  i  a  t  a  ,     f  e  s  • 
t  i  V  u  s  ,    p  1  e  b  e  i  ti  s  ,    j)  r  a  1 1  i  i  . 

Genus    serromyia 
Megerle.  Meigen,  1818.     Restored  to  generic  rank  by  Kieffer  in  1906 
S.     femorata   is  the  type.     It  is  the  only  species  yet  recorded 
from  this  country. 


270  NEW    V(JRK    STATE    MUSEUiM 

Subfamily    tanypinae 
Group  Tanypus,  Bui.  86,  p.  89,  line   iS  from  tlic  bottom 
/  Wings  bare 

g  Fork  of  the  cubitus  petiolate 

h  Rx  apparently  forked  at  its  extremity   ( i.  c.  R.+j  distinct)  ..  Procladius 

hh  Ri  not  forked  at  extremity   Psilotanypus 

gg  Fork  of  the  cubitus  slightly  proximad  of  the  M-Cu  cross  vein 

h  R,  with  fork  at  its  extremity   (i.  c.  R-2j^^  distinct)    Anatopynia 

hh  Ri   without  this    fork    Protanypus 

//  Wings  pubescent 

g  Fork  of  the  cubitus  slightly  proximad  of  the  cross  vein  (=Ablabesmyia) 

Tanypus 
gg   l-'ork  of  the  cubitus  petiolate 

/;  /?,  apparently  forked  at  its  extremity    ( i.  e.   /^^.p  distinct)    Protenthes 

[see  Fnt.   News,   1907,  p.  4C0J 
hh  Ri  not  forked Triciiotanypus 

Species  which  bel()n<(  to  this  subfamily  but  not  sufficietitly  char- 
acterized to  j)lace  in  the  following  genera  are:  bell  us  and 
f  1  a  V  i  c  i  n  c  t  u  s  (I  'rocladius  or  Psilotanypus) ,  h  u  m  e  r  a  1  i  s  , 
tricolor  and  turpi  s  (bare-winged,  possibly  Anatopynia), 
tibialis  Staeger  and  ])  i  c  t  i  ])  e  n  n  i  s  (  hairy-winged,  probably 
Tanypus),  baltimoreus  and  tibialis  Say  (wholly  indeter- 
minate). 

(JenUS    PROCLADIUS 

Skusc,  1889 
The   following  arc   X<jrth   American   species  :     a  d  u  ni  1>  r  a  t  u  s  , 
c  a  1  i  g  i  n  o  s  u  s  ,       c  o  n  c  i  n  n  u  s  .        p  i  n  g  ti  i  s  ,        j)  ti  s  i  11  u  s  , 
s  c  a  ])  u  1  a  r  i  s  ,    t  h  o  r  a  c  i  u  s  ,    and    n  u  b  i  f  e  r  . 

Procladius  nubifer  COciuilkit 
1905  Tanyiius.  Coquillett,  X.  N'.  I'.nt.  Si>.-.  jonr.  June 
Falls  in  the  couplet  with  o  c  c  i  dr  n  l  a  1  i  <  (  _' )  in  the  key  given 
in  Hul.  86.  Distinguishe(l  by  its  spottrd  win.^s.  It  is  wllow;  the 
first  antenna!  joint.  ])alpi.  thne  \itae  on  nK'Mindtuiii.  lower  jxirtion 
of  the  thorax,  the  metathorax,  ami  llie  bast's  of  ilr  abdominal  seg- 
ments brown;  legs  whitish;  wings  wliitish  h\aHiu-  with  alxiul  nine 
clouds  or  spfjts.     Length  _^  mm.  I   tab. 

Procladius  thoracicus  Loew 

lHfi6     Tanvpiiv      I.-kw,    lUrlimr     I'.nl.    Zeilschrill 

1  have  seen  specimens  of  this  species  from  .\'ew   b'rsey  and  Lotiis- 

iana.      In    the   description   given    in    \'>\\\.   Sh  0:1   p;ige    IJ<;,   the  third 

line,  place  a  comma  after  the  word  '■  tibia '"  and  strike  it   out  afd'r 

the  word  "  tarsus." 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMor.OGIST    I907  2/1 

Genus     PSILOTANYPUS 
KiefFer,    1906 
This  genus  is  represented  by    o  c  c  i  d  e  n  t  a  1  i  s   in  our  fauna. 

Genus  anatopynia 
Johannsen,   1905 
The  type  of  this  genus  is  (Tanypus  )  p  1  u  m  i  p  e  s   Fries. 
The  species    h  u  m  e  r  a  1  i  s    and    tricolor   may  belong  here. 

Genus  protanypus 

Kieffer,    1906 

Protanypus  heteropus  Coquilktt 

1905     Tanypus.     Ccquillett,    N.    Y.    Ent.    Soc.    Joar.     June 

Black;  halteres  light  yellow  fourth  tarsal  joint  short  and  dilated. 

Length  3  to  4  mm.  Wash.,  N.M.,  N.H.     The  only  species  thus  far 

recorded  from  this  country. 

Genus  tanypus 

}ilcigen,    1803,   part ;  =Ablabcsmyia   Johannsen,    1905,    and    Isoplastus    Skuse, 

1889 

Type  of  the  genus  is  m  o  n  i  1  i  s  L.  All  the  Xorth  American 
species  mentioned  by  me  in  Bui.  86  under  the  name  of  Ablabesmyia 
belong  here.  Besides  these  s  i  n  u  o  s  u  s  ,  t  e  n  e  b  r  o  s  u  s  and 
m  i  r  i  p  e  s  (  Ccquillett,  1905  ) .  aureus  Johan.  (  1907)  and 
f  1  o  r  e  n  s   n.  sp.  are  members  of  the  genus. 

The  following  key  contains  the  varieties  of  the  carneus-ornatus 
group  together  with  the  Xorth  American  species  not  included  in  the 
table  on  Ablabesmyia  given  in  Bui.  86.  In  a  large  series  of  speci- 
mens of  the  carneus-ornatus  grou]>  [nos.  1-8]  it  was  found  that 
they  exhibit  such  intergradation  that  it  is  difificult  to  define  the 
specific  limitations.  They  diifer  in  the  amount  and  intensity  of 
coloration  of  body,  wings  and  legs  to  such  a  degree  that  scarcely  two 
specimens  can  be  found  that  are  alike  in  every  particular. 

a  Prevailing  color  of  cillier  thorax  or  alKlonic-n  or  both,  ])alc 

b  Thorax  dull  black  :  abdomen  golden  yellow aureus  Johan.  '07 

bb  Thorax  yellowish 

c  Legs  unhanded    (carneus    group) 

(/  Thoracic  stripes  not  margined  with  black 

c  Cross  vein  without  cloud   var.   1.  carneus   (Schiner) 

ee  Cross  vein  with  cloud 

/  Fourth  tarsal  joint  about  two  thirds  of  third   

var.  2.    carneus     (Zetterstedt) 


272  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

//  Fourth  tarsal  joint  about  one  half  of  third  in  length  ., 

m  i  r  i  p  e  s    Coq.  '05 
dd  Thoracic  stripes  margined  with  black 

e  Cross  vein  with  cloud  var.  3.  s  i  n  u  o  s  u  s  Coq.  '05 

ee  Cross  vein  without  cloud    var.  4 

cc  Legs  banded   (ornatus  group) 

d  Thoracic  stripes  not  margined  with  Itlack 

c  Cross  vein  with  dark  cloud   var.  5 

cc  Cross  vein  without  dark  cloud   var.  6.  j  o  li  n  s  o  n  i 

dd  Thoracic   stripes  margined   with   black 

e  Cross  vein  with  cloud var.  7.     o  r  n  a  t  u  s   (Sclunor) 

ce  Cross  vein  without  dark  cloud   var.  8 

aa  Prevailing  color  of  body  dusky 

b  i?2+3  present  at  apex  of  7?,,  posterior  margins  of  abdominal  segments 

yellow ;  cross  vein  not  distinctly  clouded f  1  o  r  e  n  s   n.  sp. 

bb  R2+Z  absent   t  e  n  e  b  r  o  s  u  s    Coq.  '05  and  arietinus  Coq.  '08 

Tanypus  florens  n.  sp. 

Male.  Resembles  f  a  s  t  ti  o  s  ti  s  but  differs  in  being  smaller, 
more  slender,  in  having  no  black  cloud  on  the  cross  vein  and  in 
having  the  posterior  margins  of  the  abdominal  segments  con- 
spicuously yellow. 

Head,  with  mouth  ])arts  an  1  antennae  dark  brnwn.  Thorax 
brown,  sternum,  metanctum  and  thoracic  stripes  somewhat  cin- 
ereous, narrow  spaces  between  the  stripes  with  rows  of  yellow  hairs 
upon  them.  ( )ther  shorter  hairs  on  the  dorstnn  also  yellow; 
scuteHum  pale  brown.  Abdomen  jjrown.  apical  J4  or  ys  of  each 
segment  yellow,  pale  coloring  more  conspicuous  on  the  sides,  hairs 
yellow.  Tienitalia  dark  brf)wn.  basal  joint  of  each  limb  of  forccjis 
ovate,  its  greatest  dianieter  abmu  '  ..  tlu'  widlli  of  tlic  last  abloniinal 
segment,  apical  joint  sk-nc'er,  not  as  long  as  tiie  basal  joint,  curved 
clawlike,  and  shar])ly  pointed.  Lej^s  yellow  with  yellow  hairs,  apex 
of  each  femur  and  base  of  each  tibia  brown,  the  articulation  at  the 
knee  yellow;  tarsi  somewhat  more  (Uisky.  I'ore  metatarsus  about 
,6  as  long  as  the  tibia.  W'ings  hairy,  cu1)itus  forks  slightly  ])roximad 
of  the  cross  vein,  surface  brownish  hyaline,  when  held  obliquely 
appears  iriflescent  along  the  veins,  giving  the  wing  a  mottled  appear- 
ance ;  hairs  yellowish  brown;  cross  vein  slightly  darker  tlian  the 
adjacent  veins  but  not  cowrcd  b\'  a  dark  cl  nid  ;  aiitiTior  cross  vein 
(|uite  obli(|m-  and  longer  than  the  po^ttrior  cross  vein;  K.,,.,  near_ 
apex  of  1\|,  ])ale  yellow;  haltercs  yellow.  Length  2.5  mm.  Ithaca, 
N.Y. ;  r.oulder  and  I'lorissant,  Col.,  and  Washington  stale. 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  273 

Genus  protenthes 
Johannsen,  Ent.  News,  1907  ;=  Tanypus  Johannsen,  Bui.  86 
The  type  of  this  genus  is  c  i  n  c  t  u  s  (^  punctipennis 
Meigen).  To  this  genus  belong  all  species  which  I  described  under 
Tanypus  in  Bui.  86,  with  the  exception  of  T.  posticalis  Lund- 
beck.  The  following  new  species  will  find  a  place  in  the  key  given 
in  Bui.  86  with  s  t  e  1 1  a  t  u  s  ,  from  which  it  differs  in  its  wing 
markings  and  leg  coloration. 

Protenthes  pulcher  n.  sp. 

Female.  Head,  including  proboscis,  and  basal  joint  of  the 
antennae  cream-white,  the  fiagellum  pale  fuscous,  thirteenth  and 
fourteenth  antennal  joints  somewhat  enlarged,  fifteenth  joint  dark 
brown  at  tip ;  labrum  and  palpi  fuscous ;  occiput  white  with  a  brown 
spot  back  of  each  eye;  eyes  black,  deeply  emarginate.  Thorax 
cream-white,  the  median  stripe  brown,  blackish  anteriorly,  divided, 
posterior  border  emarginate,  lateral  stripes  deep  brown,  produced 
backwards  to  the  scutellum,  scutellum  white,  scutellar  suture  nar- 
rowly brown ;  metanotum  and  sternum  brown ;  pleura  with  brown 
spots  as  follows:  a  pear-shaped  spot  on  each  side  of  sternum  sepa- 
rated from  the  brown  of  the  sternum  by  a  narrow  white  line,  a  tri- 
angular spot  cephalad  of  this,  and  three  small  ones  near  base  of 
wing.  Abdomen  wanting.  Legs  white,  the  tips  of  all  femora,  tibiae 
and  metatarsi  widely  dark  brown,  second  joint  of  all  tarsi  wholly 
white,  third,  fourth  and  fifth  joints  wholly  brown,  fourth  joint 
linear.  Wings  thickly  hairy,  with  a  brown  spot  covering  the  cross 
veins,  a  broad  fascia  extending  from  apex  of  R^  to  the  posterior 
margin  of  the  wing,  the  band  widening  wherever  it  is  crossed  by  a 
vein  and  constricted  again  behind  it,  a  subtriangular  spot  near  the 
posterior  margin  behind  the  cross  veins,  and  a  small  one  on  the 
anal  lobe.  Venation  like  that  of  P.  culiciformis  but  the 
media  slightly  more  curved  down  at  the  extremity  [Bui.  86,  pi.  27, 
fig.  15].  Halteres  pale.  Length  about  23/'  to  3  mm.  Old  Forge, 
N.  Y. 

Genus  trichotanypus 
Kieffer,  1906 

T.  posticalis  Lundbeck  is  the  only  representative  of  the 
genus.  The  absence  of  the  vein  Ro+s  and  the  retracted  position  of 
the  M-Cu  cross  vein  are  the  distinctive  generic  characters.  I  have 
a  specimen  of  this  species  from  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


274  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Subfamily  chironominae 

Genus  corynoneura 

Winnertz,  1846 

Numerous  specimens  of    C  .   a  t  r  a    (=  c  e  1  e  r  i  p  e  s)  were  seen 

in  July  hovering  beneath   the  shrubbery  which   overhangs  a  Httle 

brook  near  Ithaca,   N.  Y.     The  figure  given  by  Winnertz  of  the 

wing  [reproduced  in  Bub  86,  pi.  36,  fig.  7]  is  not  strictly  correct. 

The  anterior  veins  though  stout  do  not  wholl}-  obliterate  the  cell 

between  them.     Only  when  held  obliquely  does  the  wing  appear  as 

shown  in  the  figure.     The  larva  is  described  by  Thienemann  ('08). 

Genus  chasmatonotus 
Locw,   1864 

Key  of  species 

a  Yellowish    species;    alxldincn    dark    hrowii,    wings   srayisli    liyalinc,    soinc- 
wliat  smoky  in  front  nf  the  raditis.     California,  .li  y  a  1  i  n  u  s  Coq.  (1905) 
aa  Dusky  species 

b  Wing  with  two  prominent  white  spots,  apex  Mack  flUil.  86,  pi.  27,  fig.  16] 

him  a  c  u  1  a  t  u  s     Loew 
bb  Wing  not  marked  in  this  way 

c  Wing  with  two  white  spots  and  a  very  narrow  ajiical  margin,  whitish 

hy.-dine.     P.ritish  Cnhimhia   f  a  s  c  i  p  e  n  n  i  s    Coq.   (1905) 

(•(■   Wing  wilii  fewer  s])nts 

d  Wing   with   longitudinal   vitta  between   the  media   and   the  cubitus; 
abdomen  with  posterior  margins  of  the  segments  whitish.     Alaska. 

u  n  i  \'  i  t  t  a  t  u  s 

(Id  Wing  witii  ;i  brn.id   white  transverse   fascia.     N.  "\' 

u  n  i  m  a  c  u  1  a  t  u  s 

NOTi-;.     I'.id.  8^).  on   page    i(>7,  line   10.   for    maculatus    read    bimacu- 
1  a  t  u  s. 

Genus  HYDROBAENUS 

Fries,    1830 

Both  larvae  and  adults  have  recently  been  described  by  Giard 

(1904).     According  to  this  author  the  male  has  but   12  antenna! 

joints  and  not  14  as  given  by  the  t-arlitr  autlidrs.     The  genus  has 

not  yet  been  found  in  North  Anurica. 

Genus  prodiamesa 
Kieffer,    Ifjo^ 
'I'his    geiuis   is    distinguished    fmm    Diamcsa    in    having   a   linear 
fourth  tarsal  joint,  longer  than  the  iiflh.    A  specimen  of  Prodiamesa 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOEOCaST    I907  275 

(probably  P.  notata  Staeger  '39)  was  sent  ti)  nie  by  Professor 
Cockerell  from  Boulder,  Colorado.  This  is  the  only  species  yet 
recorded  of  the  genus  from  this  continent. 

NOTE.     Bui.  86,  page  178,  line  5  from  tlic  bottom,  for  plate  36  read  30. 

Genus  thalassomyia 

Schincr,   1856 

Compare  Scopelodromus,  Bui.  86,  page  307.     See  also  an  article 

by  Chevrel  in  Arch,  de  Zool.  Exp.  et  Gen.  Ser.  4.  2.  page  XXIX 

in  which  the  author  admits  the  possible  identity  of  the  two  genera. 

Key  of  North  American  species 

a   Yellow   species,   thorax  with   ochraceons   median   vitta f  u  1  v  a  n.   sp. 

(7(7  Dusky  species 

h  Dorsum   of   thorax  blackish,   with   indications   of  three   stripes,  covered 

with  silvery  bloom,  most  conspicuous  on  the  humeri.     N.  Y.  .0  b  s  c  u  r  a 

bb  Thorax  black,  humeral  spot  yellow  ;  length  2.5  mm.  Arizona. p  1  a  t  y  p  u  s 

Thalassomyia  fulva  n.  sp. 
Male.  Head  yellow,  rostrum  at  tip  and  the  basal  joint  of  the 
antennae  ochraceous;  palpi  fuscous,  slender,  basal  joint  but  little 
longer  than  wide,  second  twice,  third  thrice,  and  f(mrth  four  times 
as  long  as  the  tirst,  the  la.st  joint  quite  slender ;  antennae  and 
antennal  hairs  sordidly  yellow,  14  jointed,  last  joint  elongate  as  in 
Chironomus,  eyes  bare.  Thorax  clear  yellow,  the  sternum,  meta- 
notuni,  and  the  three  thoracic  stripes  ochraceous,  anterior  lateral 
margins  of  the  scutellum  with  dark  brown  spots  which  are  con- 
tinued in  a  fine  line  mesad  in  the  scutellar  suture.  Abilomen  sor- 
didly yellow,  the  anterior  part  of  each  segment  paler.  Genitalia 
resemble  those  of  T.  o  b  s  c  u  r  a  but  apical  joint  rather  longer 
and  blunt  at  the  end.  Thoracic  and  abdominal  hairs  yellow,  thoracic 
setae  sordidly  yellow.  Legs  yellow,  tarsi  somewhat  infuscated, 
fourth  joint  less  than  half  as  long  as  the  last  joint.  Fore  legs 
wanting  in  the  single  specimen.  Claws  simple,  empodium  and  pul- 
villi  inconspicuous;  two  short  black  spurs  at  apex  of  each  tibia. 
Wings  hyaline,  whitish  tinged,  veins  including  cross  vein  yellow, 
cubitus  forks  distad  of  the  cross  vein,  costa  produced  slightly 
beyond  tip  of  the  vein  R^,,.  Halteres  yellow.  Length  3.5  mm. 
Old  Forge,  N.  Y. 

NOTE.  The  name  Thalassomyia  f  u  s  c  a  which  appears  on  pages  174, 
225,  271,  307,  308,  326,  of  Bui.  86  should  read  Thalassomyia  ob- 
s  c  u  r  a,  as  borh  names  refer  to  the  same  species. 


276  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Genus  chironomus 
Meigen,  1803 
The  following  table  contains  North  American  species  which  are 
not  inchuleil  in  the  key  given  in  Bui.  86,  and  in  addition  tabulates 
the  males  of  those  species  which  are  characterized  by  their  dusky 
thorax  and  abdomen  (the  thorax  sometimes  having  yellow  humeri 
and  faint  indications  of  paler  division  lines  upon  the  dorsum,  the 
segments  of  the  abdomen  sometimes  with  gray  or  yellowish  posterior 
margins;  legs  nearly  unicolored,  yellowish  to  blackish). 

a  Wings  with  several  spots  or  bars 
b  Wings  with  several  spots 

c  Tibiae  each  with  two  distinct  white  bands naevus    Mitchell  '08 

cc  Tibiae  without  distinct  white  bands 
d  Length  2  mm.  or  less 

e  Wings  with  several  spots,  one  at  tlie  cross  vein 

1  a  b  e  c  u  1  o  s  u  s    Mitchell  '08 
ce  Spot  distad  of  cross  vein,  hallercs  pale,  foremetatarsus  i^  times 

as  long  as  the  tibia  n  e  e  d  h  a  m  i  i   n.  sp. 

dii  Length  over  2.5  mm.,  halteres  with  dusky  tip,  foremetatarsus  nearly 

iVj  times  as  long  as  the  tibia n  u  b  e  c  u  1  0  s  u  s 

bb  Wings  with  fasciae  or  bars 

c  Wing  witii  two  complete  l)rown  l)ars,  the  distal  one  mottled  with  clear 

spots p  e  r  p  u  1  c  h  e  r    Mitcliell  '08 

cc  No  clear  spots  on  l)ars 

(/  Legs  nearly  wliolly  whitisli,  knees  sliglitly  brownisli,  less  than  one 
fourth  of  tibia  brownish 

c  Wing  without  black  apical  band c  a  1  o  p  t  e  r  u  s    Mitcliell  '08 

cc  Winft  with  wide  apical  band z  o  n  o  p  t  e  r  u  s    Mitchell  'c.8 

dd  Apex   of   eacli    femur   and   basal    fourtli    (or   more)    of   each   tibia, 
blackish 
c  The   dark  band   at   apex  of   wing  measured  along  Rs-^.^  less  than 

half  as  wide  as  the  whili-  band  wliich  precedes  it 

p  o  e  c  i  1  o  !>  t  e  r  u  s    Mitciull,  "oS 
cc  The   width   of  the  apical   band   marly   e(pial   or   greater  tli.m   the 
while  band  which  precedes  it 
/  l-Jitirc  fore  and  hinl  tibiae  (lark..n  e  ])  li  o  p  t  e  r  u  s    Mitcliell,  'c8 
//  Fore  tibiae  not  wholly  dark 

r;  Apical  half  of  hind  tibiae  white pulchripcnnis 

(jtj  Ai)ex  of  hind  tibiae  dusky 

I,   Middle   sicti.n   of   hind   tibiae   wiiite 

e  X  (|  u  i  s  i  t  u  s    Mitchell,  '08 

///;    Middle   section   of  hind   til)iai-  not    pure  white    

taenia  p  e  n  n  i  s 
(III   \\'\uKs  unspotted,  sometimes  with  darkened  cross  vein 

h  Thoracic  stripes  gray  or  blackish,  or  tliorax  wholly  dull  black;  abdf)inen 
mainly  black 


REPORT   OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  277 

c  Wings  smoky,  especially  along  the  course  of  the  veins,  veins  reddish 
brown,  including  the  cross  vein,  end  of  knob  of  the  halteres  brown ; 
(new  name  for    caliginosus,    which  is  preoccupied  for  fossil 

species)    i  t  h  a  c  a  n  e  n  s  i  s    new  name 

cc  Wings  hyaline,  with  brown  cross  vein 
d  Forestarsi   of  the  male  bearded 

c  Foremetatarsus  not  over   l^  times  the  tibia  in  length 
/  Abdominal  segments  black,   posterior   margins  sometimes  gray, 
not  yellow 
g  Foremetatarsus   il%  times  the  tibia  in  length,  abdominal  seg- 
ments  with    faintly  grayish   margins niveipennis 

cjg  Foremetatarsus  i   1/5  or  more  times  the  tibia  in  length 

h  Legs  black,  fourth  tarsal  joint  of  foreleg  about  ^  the  length 

of  the  third    Clegs   fuscous ;  var.  meridionalis) 

hyperboreus 
hli  Legs  subfuscous,  third  and  fourth  tarsal  joints  subequal  in 

length     annularis 

//  Abdominal   segments  with  yellowish  posterior  margins 

g  Ground   color   of   the   thorax   gray,    stripes   blackish,    humeri 

yellowish,  large  species  9  to  12  mm  in  length. .p  1  u  m  o  s  u  s 

gg  Ground  color  of  the  thorax  more  yellowish,   smaller  species 

7.5  to  9  mm  in  length   prasinus 

cc  Foremetatarsus  over  iVj  times  the  tibia  in  length 

/  Halteres  yellow m  a  t  u  r  u  s  n.   sp. 

//  Halteres   dusky,  third   and   fourth  tarsal  joints  of  the  forelegs 

subequal  in  length a  1 1  e  n  u  a  t  u  s 

(/(/  Foretarsi  of  the  male  not  bearded 

c  Male  claspers  unusually  stout,   foremetatarsus   V/^   times  the  tibia 
in    length;    abdominal    segments    gray,    margined    with    yellow; 

legs   yellowish 

cc  Male  claspers  slender 

/  Foremetatarsus  about  \Y^  times  the  til)ia  in  length;  black  species, 
legs  blackish,  al)doniinal  segments  with  cinereous  margins... 

s  t  a  e  g  e  r  i 
//  P"oremelatarsus  over  l>^  times  the  tibia  in  length 

g  Thoracic   stripes   black   divided  by   gray  lines,   humeri   some- 
times yellow ;  abdominal  segments  black,  posterior  margins 

gray;  foremetatarsus   ij^-j  times  the  tibia  in  length 

r  i  p  a  r  i  u  s 
gg  Not  as  above   in   all   particulars 

h  Small   species,   3  to  4  mm   in   length;    foremetatarsus   over 

lYi  times  the  til)ia  in  length s  i  m  i  1  i  s 

Jih   Species  5  nun  or  more  in  length 

i  Middle   and    hind    femora   each   with   broad  yellow   band 

before  apex   compes  Coq.  '08 

ii  Legs  not  so  marked 

y  With  foremetatarsus  about  i>^  limes  the  tibia  in  length; 

6.5  to  8  mm  in  length  cristatus 

a  With  foremetatarsus  about  1.6  times  the  tibia  in  length; 
length  6  mm redeuns? 


2/8  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

bb  Pale  species 

c  Forenietatarsus  over  i^i  times  as  long  as  the  tibia 

d  Legs  brown,  tarsi  conspicuously  white;  length  4  to  5  mm 

h  i  r  t  i  p  c  s     Mitchell    '08 

dd  Legs  yellow  ;  length  2.5  to  ,?  mm f  1  a  v  i  v  e  n  t  r  i  s    Johan. 

cc  Fcremetatarsus  less  than   iV^  times  the  tibia  in  length 

d  Thorax  with  three  blackisii   stripes,  abdomen  of   female  yellow,  of 

male  green 1  u  c  i  f  e  r   Johan.  ( 1907) 

dd  Thoracic  stripes  paler 

c  Length  5  mm.,  abdomen  yellow,  legs  with  brown  bands 

f  a  s  c  i  p  e  s    Coq.  '08 
ce  Length  6  to  7  mm 

/  Body  reddish  brown,  abdomen  dark  brown albistria 

//  Thorax  with  three  testaceous  stripes,  abdomen  green,  foretarsi 
of  the  male  hairy   s  t  y  1  i  f  e  r  a    n.   sp. 

Chironomus  needhamii  n.  sp. 
The  species  described  by  me  uri'icr  the  name  01  s  c  a  1  a  e  11  u  s 
on  page  201  of  lUiI.  8f)  should  l)e  considered  as  a  (Hstinct  species, 
differing  from  the  ICun)i)ean  form  in  size,  coloring,  and  particularly 
in  the  metatarsal  proportions.  Name  1  in  honor  of  Prof.  J.  G. 
Xeedhain.  I  have  seen  specimens  from  Xew  York,  Indiana,  Kansas, 
and  Washington. 

Chironomus  nubeculosus  Meigen 

l8i<S     Cbir.Minnn:s.      .Meigen.   Syst.    Beschr.   1.  37,  37 
1864     Chircnomus.     Schiner.  Fauna  Austr.   II.  598 

Male.  Head,  with  its  month  parts,  thorax  and  al)domcn 
wholly  blackish,  antennae  ami  thr  hairs  brownish,  dorsum  of  the 
thorax  ai)pears  p;lIinose:  wlu'ii  lu'l  1  obh(|ui'l\  abdoininal  sr,i,nnents 
with  only  faint  indications  of  cinereous  j)osterior  margins.  Tho- 
racic, abdominal  and  leg  hairs  yellowish  brown  ;  genitalia  slender. 
Femora  browMiish.  tibiae  and  tarsi  yellowish  brown  ;  foretarsi  not 
bearded,  forenietatarsus  over  one  third  longer  than  the  tibia;  pub 
villi  prominent.  Wings  hyaline,  with  grayish  spots;  one  at  the 
junction  of  radius  and  media,  one  in  the  fork  of  the  cubitus,  one 
at  the  tip  of  Cu..  and  one  or  two  in  thr  anal  coll.  C"ubitus  forks 
slightly  distad  <if  the  cross  vi'iii.  When  held  oblicpudy  the  wing 
spots  appear  iridescent.  Ilalteres  with  blackish  tip.  Li'nglb 
2.5  to  4  !nm. 

Female.  Like  tlu'  male  but  the  wings  are  broadi'r  and  in  one 
specimen  tin-  wing  sp<.t>  are  subobsolete.  l''loris>ant,  (_  ol.  ;  Ithaca. 
N.  Y. ;  Pennsylvania. 


RKPOKT   OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOEOGIST    I907  279 

I  have  had  no  European  sj)ccinK'ns  for  comparison,  l)ut  Scliincr's 
and  Zcttcrstedt's  descri])tions  Pit  my   s])ccimcns  perfectly. 

Chircnomus  ithacanensis  new  name 
A  new  name  for    C  .    c  a  1  i  g  i  n  o  s  u  s    Johan. ;  c  a  1  i  g  i  n  o  s  u  s 
is  preoccupied  for  a  fossil  species. 

Chironomus  maturns  n.  sp. 

Male.  The  front,  outer  eye  margin,  two  rather  slender  frontal 
tubercles,  pale  yellow ;  antennae  dark  brown,  hairs  pale  brown ; 
face,  proboscis  and  palpi  subfuscous,  basal  joint  of  the  antennae 
gray  pollinose.  Thorax  gray  with  three  blackish  stripes,  humeri 
yellowish,  scutellum  subfuscous,  thorax  wholly  covered  with  a 
grayish  bloom.  Abdomen  dark  brown,  apical  one  fourth  of  each 
segment  yellow,  which  appears  silvery  when  viewed  from  behind ; 
posterior  segments  and  genitalia  nearly  wholly  grayish,  the  latter 
slender,  resembling  those  of  C  .  d  c  c  o  r  u  s  .  Legs  brownish  yel- 
low, the  base  of  each  femur,  the  knees,  the  fore  tibiae  and  tarsi 
more  brownish,  coxae  gray,  trochanters  yellow,  pulvilli  brushlike, 
empodium  pectinate,  anterior  tarsi  sparsely  but  long  haired,  fore- 
metatarsus  about  one  third  longer  than  the  tibia.  Wings  hyaline, 
anterior  veins  yellowish  brown,  cross  vein  dark  brown,  cubitus 
forks  under  the  cross  vein.   Halteres  yellowish.   Length  7  to  8  mm. 

Female.  Like  the  male  but  with  broader  wings  and  with 
slightly  longer  (proportionally)  metatarsus.  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  Early 
spring  species. 

Chironomus  redeuns  Walker 
Specimens  from  Ithaca,  X.  Y.,  Illinois,  and  Boulder,  Col.,  appear 
to  be  this  species.  The  species  resembles  cri  status  and 
r  i  p  a  r  i  u  s  ,  but  is  sm.aller  than  either,  and  the  foremetatarsus  is 
nearly  or  quite  1.6  times  the  tibia  in  length,  foretarsi  bare;  in  color- 
ing it  resembles    r  i  p  a  r  i  u  s  . 

Chironomus  barbipes  Staeger 
A  male  and  female  specimen  from  Harrisburg,  Pa.     It  has  pre- 
viously been  recorded  from  Chicago. 

Chironomus  devinctus  Say 
The  foretarsi  of  the  male  are  bare.     I'rom  Old  Forge,  N.  Y. 


28o  NEW    YORK    STATE   MUSEUM 

Chironomus  nephoterus  ?\Iilchell,   '08 

The  foretarsi  of  the  male  wiihnnt  long  luiirs.  h^-om  Old  Forge, 
X.  Y. 

Chironomus  brachialis  Coquillett 

This  species  varies  greatly  in  the  extent  of  coloring  of  wings  and 
legs.    From  Old  Forge,  N.  Y. 

Chironomus  frequens  Johannsen 

The  foretarsi  of  the  male  sparsely  hearded.  From  Old  Forge, 
N.Y. 

Chironomus  lineatus  Say 

In  this  species  the  radius,  particnlarly  the  basal  section,  and  the 
cross  vein  are  more  deeply  yellow  tinted  than  the  other  veins,  though 
the  latter  can  not  be  called  cloude  1.  The  foremetatarsus  is  over 
one  third  longer  than  the  tibia.  The  black  longitudinal  line  on  the 
center  of  the  median  thoracic  stripe  is  conspicuous.  From  Old 
Forge,  N.  Y. 

Chironomus  hirtipes  Mitchell  (1908) 
Female.  Head  yellowish,  vertex  yellowish  to  brownish,  eye 
margin  and  occiput  paler,  the  latter  with  yellowish  brown  hairs  pro- 
jecting forward  overhanging  the  vertex ;  antennae,  including  the 
hairs  and  the  basal  joint  yellow;  proboscis  and  palpi  brown. 
Thorax  pale  )e!low,  in  certain  lights  with  a  whitish  sheen,  especially 
conspicuous  on  the  humeri ;  dorsum  with  three  pale  l)rownish  longi- 
tudinal stripes,  the  middle  one  dividel ;  some  tiny  black  specks  and 
streaks  upon  the  lateral  margin  of  the  dorsal  stripe  in  one  specimen; 
plcnra  with  a  black  sjjot  over  each  coxa,  the  anterior  one  largest; 
sternum  brown;  scutellum  yellow,  brownish  along  the  anterior 
margin,  metanotum  yellow  with  a  brown  anterior  margin  which  is 
divided  by  a  yellow  median  line.  .Vbdomen  brown,  the  segments 
with  broad  whitish  i)()sterior  fasciae;  abdominal  hairs  dense  and 
long,  those  on  basal  half  of  the  segment  are  brown  tipped  with  yel- 
low, those  on  thr  .apical  half  arc  wholly  yellow.  Coxae,  trochanters, 
femora  and  tibiae  brown,  tarsi  conspicuously  white,  knees  of  middle 
and  hind  legs  yellow,  i  lairs  f)n  legs  dense,  brown  in  color,  except 
on  the  tarsi  where  they  are  short,  sparse  an<l  white,  heniora  and 
tibiae  unusually  stout;  pulvilli  and  empodium  well  developed;  fore- 
metatarsus  nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  tibia.  Wings  somewhat 
smoky,  veins  brown,  basi*  of  (he  wing  and  also  base  of  the  veins 


REPORT   OF    THE    STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  281 

to  a  little  beyond  the  lobe  yellowish  ;  cross  vein  no  darker  than  the 
adjacent  veins;  cubitns  forks  distad  of  the  cross  vein,  llaltcrcs 
yellow.  Length  4  mm.  Two  female  specimens  from  Old  I'^orge, 
N.  Y.,  taken  July  8,  1905. 

Chironomus  albistria  Walker 

A  reddish  brown  species  of  medium  size.  The  whitish  side  stripes 
mentioned  by  Walker  are  due  to  pollen  and  are  best  seen  when 
the  specimen  is  held  obliquely ;  usually  more  or  less  rubbed  in 
captured  specimens.  The  foremetatarsus  is  about  an  eighth  longer 
than  the  tibia  in  female  specimens.  Specimens  from  Old  Forge, 
N.  Y.,  Illinois,  and  Pennsylvania. 

Chironomus  stylifera  n.  sp. 
Male.  Head  sordidly  yellow,  palpi  and  proboscis  pale  fuscous, 
basal  joint  of  the  antennae  testaceous,  flagellum  and  its  hairs  brown. 
Thorax  yellow  with  a  slight  greenish  tinge ;  sternum  and  the  three 
thoracic  stripes  testaceous ;  metanotum  brown,  with  the  anterior 
margin  yellow.  Abdomen  uniformly  green,  pale  brown  toward  the 
apical  end.  Genitalia  brown,  dorsal  keel  nearly  straight,  very  slen- 
der, styliform,  lateral  lobes  stout,  shaped  like  a  pistol  handle,  superior 
and  inferior  lobes  much  retracted  and  inconspicuous.  Forelegs 
brown,  basal  two  thirds  of  femur,  and  of  metatarsus,  and  middle 
section  of  tibia  somewhat  paler  brown;  tarsi  hairy;  foretarsi 
bearded ;  midcile  and  hind  legs  yellow,  hairy,  tips  of  tibiae  brown, 
tarsi  except  the  basal  section  of  the  metatarsi,  infuscated ;  fore- 
metatarsus  one  fourth  longer  than  the  tibia ;  pulvilli  nearly  as  long 
as  the  claws.  Wings  hyaline,  anterior  veins  yellowish,  the  cross 
vein  but  little  darker ;  cubitus  forks  under  the  cross  vein.  Halteres 
yellow.     Length  6.5  mm.     Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

Chironomus  lugens   Kieffer 
A  new  name  proposed  by  Kieffer   (1906)    for    C.    lugubris 
Williston,  which  is  preoccupied. 

Chironomus   leptopus    Kieffer 
Proposed  by  Kieffer  (1906)  for    C.    longimanus    Williston, 
preoccupied. 

Chironomus  connexus   Kieffer 

Proposed  by  Kieffer  ( 1906)  for  C  .  c  o  n  f  i  n  i  s  Walker,  pre- 
occupied. 


282  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Genus  camptocladius 

\'an  dor  Wulp,   1874 
Camptocladius  aterimus   ]\Ieigen 
A  male  specimen  of  this  species  was  bred  from  the  earth  taken 
from  the  base  of  some  decaying  mushrooms,  October,  1907. 

Genus  orthocladius 

Van  dcr  Wulp,  1874 
Subgenera 
a  Eyes  liairy 

/;  Palpi  4  jointed  Trichocladius  Kieffer 

bb  Palpi  3  jointed Diplocladius  Kieflfer,  '08 

aa  Eyes  bare 

b  Pulvilli  large,  enipodium  long  and  I'llifdrui Psectrocladius  Kieffer 

bb  Pidvilli  wanting 

r  Enipodium   filiform 

d  Palpi  4  jointed Dactylocladius  Kieffer 

dd  Palpi  3  jointed    Trissocladius  Kieffer,  '08 

cc  Empodium  not  distinct Orthocladius 

Trichocladius  lacteipennis  n.  sp. 
Female.  Head  }'cllow,  vertical  triangle  and  rostrum  blackish, 
eyes  hairy,  hairs  visible  with  an  amplification  of  20  diameters,  dis- 
tance jjctwcen  the  eyes  greater  than  twice  the  diameter  of  either 
eye  when  viewed  directly  from  in  front:  antennae  dusky  yellow, 
basal  joint  and  apex  somewhat  darker.  I'alpi  not  visible  in  either 
specimen.  Collar  yellow,  primiinent,  incisrd  at  the  dorso-anterior 
margin;  mesonotnm  yellow,  with  thrre  dark  brown  stripes,  the 
laterals  very  slemhr,  the  median  l)roa<ler  and  widened  out  club- 
shaped  along  the  anterior  margin  ;  scnti  Hum,  pleura  and  sternum 
yellow  slightly  infuscated.  metanotnm  browni>h  to  blackish,  pleura 
with  a  black  spot  in  front  of  the  halteres.  Abdomen  reddish  brown, 
more  Ijrownish  on  dorsmn  especially  on  the  l)asal  segments.  Legs 
])ale  yellow,  e.vtrenie  tips  ol'  tlu-  tibi;ie  and  the  larval  joints  wholly, 
more  or  less  infn>catc-d;  fort'nu  talarMi>  aJMHil  .(>  as  long  as  the 
tibia;  claws  prominent,  pid\illi  cons]iirnous,  nearly  as  long  as  the 
claws,  empodium  pectinate.  W'iu^s  hyaline,  tinged  with  milky  white, 
broad,  anal  angle  |)romincnt,  \cins  paK'.  antcrinr  \cins  ;is  far  as  the 
cross  vein  more  yellowish;  costa  extends  beyond  Iv,.-,  <iiu'  third  of 
the  way  to  the  tij)  of  the  media;  cubitus  forks  distad  of  the  cross 
vein.     I  falteres  yellow.     Length    1  mm.      rennsylvania. 


REPORT   OF    THE   STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  283 

Trichocladius  politus  Coquillett? 
Some  male  aiul  female  specimens  which  may  be  the  above  species, 
agreeing  with  ]\lr  Coquillett's  description,  possess  also  the  following 
characteristics.  Eyes  hairy,  collar  not  incised  on  the  dorso-anterior 
margin;  abdomen  black  with  a  greenish  tinge,  venter  more  greenish. 
Costa  produced  beyond  the  tip  of  R4..-  over  half  the  length  of  the 
cross  vein.     Pennsylvania. 

Psectrocladius  aureus  n.  sp. 
Female,  Head  and  mouth  parts  fuscous,  proboscis  black,  eyes 
bare,  palpi  much  longer  than  the  antennae,  basal  joint  short,  second 
and  third  stout,  apical  joint  slender ;  antennae  dusky.  Collar  deeply 
incised  on  dorso-anterior  margin,  each  side  of  incision  with  tooth- 
like projection;  thorax  dusky  yellow,  median  stripe  wide,  black; 
laterals  narrow,  brown ;  metanotum  and  pleura  brown,  scutellum 
yellow.  Abdomen  wholly  golden  }t11ow.  Legs  yellow,  tarsal  joints 
slightly  darker;  foremetatarsus  abiait  .()  the  length  of  the  tibia;  em- 
podium  filiform,  sparsely  plumose,  i)ulvilli  brushlike.  Wings  hyaline 
not  punctate  (under  amplificati'.'.n  of  75  diameters)  ;  costa  very 
slightly  produced  beyond  the  radius,  cubitus  forks  slightly  beyond 
the  cross  vein.     Halteres  pale  yellow.     Length  2.5  mm.     Kansas. 

Orthocladius  sordidellus 

The  species  from  North  America  under  this  name  are  probably 
not  this  species  at  all,  as  may  be  seen  by  comparing  the  description 
of  the  early  stages  given  by  me  in  V>u\.  85  with  that  of  Thienemann 
(1906).  There  seem  to  be  several  closely  allied  species  which  differ 
but  slightly.  To  properly  describe  and  distinguish  these  would 
require  more  material  than  I  have  at  present  at  my  disposal. 

Genus  metriocnemus 

Van  dcr  Wulp.  I1S74.     Synonym  Wulpiella  Kieffer 

Metriocnemus  exagitans  Johannsen 

In  this  species  the  vein  R^,-,  ends  some  distance  from  the  tip  of 

the  wing  and  not  "  nearly  to  the  tip  of  the  wing  "  as  stated  in  the 

description  in  Bui.  86.     I  have  seen  s-vcnnens  of  this  species  from 

New  York,  Kansas,  and  Colorado. 

Metriocnemus    par   johannsen 

A  female  specimen  from  New  Jersey  has  large  ab  lominal  six)ts 
and    dusky   thoracic    stripes.      Sonic    female    specimens    from    Old 


284 


NEW    YORK    STATE   MUSEUM 


Forge,  X.  Y.,  and  from  the  Rocky  mountains  have  dark  brown 
thoracic  stripes  and  the  abdominal  spots  are  nearly  confluent  on  the 
dorsum. 

Metriocnemus  knabi  Coquillett 

In  the  description  of  the  species  given  on  page  306  of  Bui.  86, 
line  9  from  the  bottom  for  "  laterals  "  read  "  peripherals  "  and  for 
"  peripherals  "  read  "  centrals." 

Genus  tanytaesus 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  Ulmcr  (1903)  and  Lauterborn  (1905) 
describe  fibrous  larval  cases  for  European  species  similar  to  those 
figured  by  me  on  plate  26,  figure  9,  of  Bui.  86,  for  T .  e  x  i  g  u  u  s. 


Chironomidae    taken   at   Old    Forge,    N,    Y.,  by   Professor 

Needham  during  the  summer  of  1905 
All  the  species  were  taken  at  light ;  those  marked  "  tent  "  were 


also  taken  in  the  "  water  tent  " 
on  i^ge  167  of  this  bulletin. 

Ccratopogon  cqucs  n.  sp. 

C  pcrcgrinus  11.  sp.  (tent) 

Johann.scniella  magnipeniiis  n.  sp. 

Procladius  bellus   (tent) 

Tanypus  monilis 

T.  indccisus 

T.  hirtipcnnis  (tent) 

T.  ornatus  (tent) 

T.  carneus  (tent) 

T.  johnsoni   (tent) 

Protcnthcs  culiciformis 

P.  pulchcr  «.  sp. 

Corynoncura  atra 

Thalassomyia  obscura    (tent) 

T.  fulva  n.  sp. 

Chironnnius  nccdlianiii  ».  sp. 

C.  ncphotcrus 

C.  bracliialis   (tent) 

C.  byperb'Peus  iicw.j'ar.  int  riilionalis 

C.  tencllus 

C.  devinctiis 

C.  nigricans   (tent) 


described  by  Professor  Needham 


C.  modcstus 
C.  dorsalis 
C.  siinilis   (tent) 
C.  albimanus 
C.  lineatus 
C.  frequens 
C.  albistria 
C.  hirtipes 

Cricotopiis  trifasciatus 
C.  bicinctus 

Caniptocladius  fu'iiosus   (tent) 
Olliocladius  sordens 
().  snrdidellns   (tent) 
Metriocnemus  par 
M.  atratiilus  (tent) 
.M.  tlavifrnns  (tent) 
M.  hindbeckii 
.M.  di.'l)ilipennis 
ianytarsiis  pusio 
T.  ol)ediens 
T.  exiguus 
'1".  fiilvcsccns 


REPORT   OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  285 


Bibliography 
1905     Coquillett.     N.  Y.  Ent.  See.  Jour.  June 

i9<-)8     Wash.  Ent.  Soc.  Proc. 

I90.:l     Giard.     Soc.   Ent.   Bui.  d.   France,  p.   164 
1905     Goeldi.'  Memorias   do   Museu   Goeldi.   Os    Mosquitos   nu 
para.  p.  137 

1905  Johannsen.     Aquatic  Ncmatoccrous  Diptera.  N.  Y.  State 

Mus.   Bui.   86 

i(p7     Kansas  University  Science  Bulletin,  March,  p.  109 

1907 Ent.  News,  p.  400,  Nov. 

1899     Kieffer.     Bulletin  de  la  Societe  Entomologique  de  France, 

p.  69 

1902     Synopse     d.     Representants     europ.     Ceratopogon. 

(Metz)' 

1906     Chirononiidae.  Genera  Insectorum.     42me  Fascicule. 

1908     see  Thienemann 

1809     Latrielle.     Gen.   Ins.    et    Crust.   4:248 

1905  Lauterborn.     Zoologischer  Anzeiger.  July   18,  p.  207 
1864     Loew.     Berlin.     Entomol.  Zeitschrift.  Centur.  V.  p.  51 
1800     Meigen.     Nouv.     Class,  d.mouches   a  deux  ailes 

1803     Illiger's  IMagazine.  II 

1804 —  Klassification  u.  Beschr.  d.  Europ.  Zweifl.  Insekten.  I 

1818 ■  System.       Beschr.     d.     Bekannten     Europ.     Zweifl. 

Insekten.   I 

1906  Mitchell.     Ent.  News,  p.   244 
KjaS    N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.  Jour. 

1851     Poey.     Memor.   sobre   la   Hist.    Nat.   Cuba.    I 

1906  Ruebsaamen.       Expedition     Antarctique     Beige.     Chiro- 

nomidae 
i89<>     Skuse.     Lin.  Soc.  N.  S.  Wales  Proc.  IV.  2 15-3 11 
1839     Staeger.     Krojer:  Naturhist.  Tidsskr.,  11  583 
ir;o6-8    Thienemann.     Zeitschr.    fiir    wissenschaftl.    Insektenbiol- 
ogic,  p.  143 

1903  Ulmer.     Allgemeine  Zeitschrift  fiir  Entomologie,  p.  401 

1907  Willistcn.     N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.  Jour.  March 

1846     Winnertz.     Stettiner  Entomnlog.     Zcitung.     VII.     12 


Appendix    D 

NEW  SPECIES  OF  CECIDOMYIIDAE  II 
Miastor  americana  n.  sp. 

Female.  Length  2.5  mm.  Antennae  extending  to  the  base 
of  the  coxae,  sparsely  haired,  brown,  12  segments.  Mesonotum 
dark  brown.  Scutellnm  reddish  brown,  postscutellum  fuscous 
yellowish.  Abdomen  pale  salmon,  fuscous  basally.  yellowish 
apically.     Legs  a  nearly  uniform  yellowish  brown. 

Taken  at  Highland.  X.  ^'.  June  icS,  ifjoj,  jM-esumably  occurring 
on  either  beech  or  chestnut  leaves. 

Type  C.  1211,  X.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Oligarces  noveboracensis  n.  sp. 

Female.  Length  i  mm.  .Antennae  extending  to  the  second 
abdominal  segment,  pale  ycHowish.  13  segments;  eyes  small, 
brown,  ocelH  absent,  face  \elli)\\isli.  MescMiotum  light  brown, 
pleurae  pale  orange.  Scutellum  and  jjostscutellum  light  fuscous 
yellowish.  Abdomen  pale  yellowish,  the  basal  and  distal  seg- 
ments pale  orange,  the  ovii)()sitor  whitisli.  Haltcres  yellowish 
transjKirent.  Legs  sliort,  about  three  fourths  the  length  of  the 
body,  a  nearly  uniform  ])ale  }ello\\isli  white. 

Taken  on  oftice  window,  July  15.  1007.  and  ])resinnably  bred 
from  some  material  brought  into  the  office. 

Type  C.   1226,  X.  ^'.  State  Museum. 

Brachyneura  americana    n.   sj). 

Female.  I.ingth  1  mm.  Autmuar  extending  to  the  base  of 
the  abdonu'U.  thickl\  cloilnd  wiih  n;irrow  scales,  black.  12  seg- 
ments. Moonotum  \ery  dark  brown,  s])ai-sely  orn.amented  with 
yellowisli  hairs.  Scuti'llum  black  with  yellowish  hairs  basally, 
postscutellum  and  abdomen  dark  l.rownisli  bl.ack.  Wings  sub- 
hyaline.  Ilalteres  fuscous  yellowish  basally,  black  apically. 
Legs  mostly  a  uniform  fuscous  or  black,  the  second  and  third 
segments  nf  tlie  posterior  tarsi  fuscous  yrllowish. 

Taken  .\ugust  2,  l(;()f>,  on  a  window  and  prisuuiahly  bred  from 
some  material   brought    into  the  otiice. 

T\pr  ('.  734,  \.  ^'.  State-  .Museum. 
286 


RF.PORT   OK    TIIK    STATE    KNTOMOI.OCIST    I907  287 

Lasioptera  eupatoriflorae   11.  sp. 

Male.  l.cngtli  1  ._'5  nun.  Antennae  not  extending  to  the 
base  of  the  abdomen,  sparsely  haired,  (hirl<  brown,  the  basal 
segments  pale  reddish,  12  segments;  face  pale  reddish.  Pro- 
notum  fuscons,  mesonotum  slightly  fnscous,  the  submedian 
lines  indistinct.  Scutellnm  and  postscntellnm  reddish.  Abdo- 
men reddish.  Halteres  and  coxae  pale  reddish,  femora  yellowish 
at  the  base,  brownish  apically,  tibiae  and  tarsi  brownish. 

Female.  Length  1.5  mm.  Antennae  hardly  extending  to  the 
base  of  the  abdomen,  11  segments.  Color  characters  about  as 
in  the  male. 

Bred  August  24,  1907,  from  tlowers  of  thorough  wort  taken  at 
Karner,  N.  Y. 

Type  C.  31689,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Lasioptera  excavata   n.  sp 

Female.  Length  i  mm.  Antennae  extending  to  the  fourth 
abdominal  segment,  rather  thickly  haired,  black,  the  basal  seg- 
ments yellowish,  26  segments;  face  with  a  conspicuous  patch  of 
silvery  white  scales,  the  head  thickly  clothed  posteriorly  with 
silvery  white  scales.  Mesonotum  narrowly  dark  brown,  broadly 
and  variably  margined  laterally  and  anteriorly  with  pale  yel- 
lowish, the  submedian  lines  broad,  pale  yellowish  and  sparsely 
haired.  Scutellum  pale  yellowish,  postscutellum  pale  orange. 
Abdomen  mostly  pale  orange,  the  second  to  sixth  segments 
variably  marked  basally  with  dark  brown,  the  markings  being 
almost  obsolete  on  the  second,  nearly  reaching  the  margin  on 
the  third  and  extending  thereto  on  the  fourth,  fifth  and  sixth 
segments ;  ovipositor  pale  orange,  venter  pale  yellowish,  sparsely 
clothed  with  silvery  scales.  Halteres  pale  yellowish.  Coxae, 
femora  and  tibiae  mostly  pale  yellowish,  the  femora  narrowly 
reddish  brown  apically,  the  tarsi  black. 

Bred  August  6,  1907,  from  a  pale  green,  reddish  brown  blister- 
like mine  on  Crataegus  foliage. 

Type  C.  a  1 576,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Choristoneura  clematidis  n.   sp. 

Female.  Length  1.5  mm.  Antennae  extending  to  the  second 
abdominal  segment,  sparsely  haired,  dark  brown,  26  segments ; 
face  below  the  antennae  rather  thickly  clothed  with  silvery 
white    scales.      Mesonotum    dark    brown,    apparently    margined 


288  NEW    YORK    STATE   MUSEUM 

laterally  and  anteriorly  with  silvery  white  sealcs,  the  sub- 
median  lines  sparsely  haired.  Scutellum  and  postscutelluni 
dark  brown.  Abdomen  dark  brown,  the  dorsum  of  the  first 
abdominal  segment  thickly  clothed  with  silvery  white  scales, 
the  second,  third  and  fourth  abdominal  segments  narrowly 
margined  posteriorly  with  silvery  white  markings,  the  latter 
obsolete  laterally.  Halteres  yellowish  basally,  whitish  apically. 
Coxae  and  extremities  of  femora  and  tibiae  broadly  and  vari- 
ably yellowish,  the  middle  dark  brown,  tarsi  dark  brown,  the 
distal  segments  yellowish,  the  latter  possibly  denuded. 

Taken  July  i8,  1907,  ovipositing  in  the  stem  of  Clematis 
V  i  r  g  i  n  i  a  n  a  . 

Type  C.  ai596a,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Choristoneura  Helena  n.  sp. 

Female.  Length  2  mm.  -\ntennae  hardly  extending  to  the 
base  of  the  abdomen,  sparsely  haired,  brown;  18  segments,  the 
two  basal  segments  fuscous  yellowish  ;  face  with  a  white  patch 
of  silvery  scales,  the  head  posteriori}-  narrowly  margined  with 
silvery  white  hairs.  ]\lesonotum  black,  sparsely  margined 
laterally  with  silvery  white.  Scutellum  nearly  concolorous. 
Abdomen  black,  the  incisures  dark  rcdtlish,  each  segment 
sparsely  margined  posteriorly  with  silvery  white,  the  venter  <i 
uniform  silvery  gray.  Halteres  pale  yellowish.  Legs  black  with 
the  coxae,  the  extreme  base  of  the  femora  and  the  articulations 
of  the  tibiae  more  or  less  pale. 

r.red  July  1907,  from  round  blister  galls  on  Aster 
1  a  t  e  r  i  f  1  <j  r  u  s    taken  at  Highland,  N.  Y. 

Ty])e  C  a  1 550.  X.  ^'.  State  Museum. 

Choristoneura  helianthi  n.  sj). 
Female.  Length  i.j':,  mm.  Antennae  extending  to  the  base 
of  the  abdomen,  sparsely  haired,  dark  brown,  the  proximal  seg- 
ments, venter  aiul  face  silvery  white,  i<S  segments.  Mesonotum 
dark  brown,  mostly  diMiuded,  tlie  sul)niedian  lines  dark.  Scu- 
tellum ornamented  witli  numt'rons  silvery  hairs,  postscutelluni 
with  lateral  silvery  hairs.  Abdomrn  black,  the  segments  nar- 
nnvly  margined  jiosteriorly  with  silvery  white,  the  latter  inter- 
rupted at  the  middle,  venter  silvery  white.  Halteres  fuscous, 
pale  basally,  fuscous  apically.  Coxae  black  with  silvery  hairs, 
anterior   and    mid    femora   gray    lo   the   apical    third,   tin-   posterior 


REPORT   OF    THR    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  289 

lighter  at  the  base,  all  black  distally  with  the  incisures  clothed 
with  silvery  scales,  tibiae  black  with  the  articulations  clothed 
with  silvery  scales,  tarsi  black,  gray  ventrally. 

Bred  September  3,  1907,  from  flower  heads  or  leaves  of 
H  e  1  i  a  n  t  h  u  s    s  t  r  u  m  o  s  u  s    taken  at  Highland,  N.  Y. 

Type  C.  ai7i8x,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Arnoldia  absobrina  n.  sp. 

Male.  Length  1.25  mm.  Antennae  nearly  as  long  as  the 
body,  rather  thickly  haired,  dark  brown,  12  segments.  Head, 
mesonotum,  abdomen,  coxae  and  pleurae  all  reddish  yellow,  the 
mesonotum  with  the  sublateral  area  slightly  brownish,  the  ab- 
domen sparsely  clothed  dorsally  with  fuscous  hairs.  Halteres 
yellowish  transparent,  fuscous  subapically.  Legs  with  the  coxae 
and  femora  pale  yellowish,  the  latter  becoming  darker  distally; 
tibiae  and  tarsi  dark  brown. 

Female.  Length  i  mm.  Antennae  extending  to  the  third  ab- 
dominal segment,  sparsely  haired,  dark  brown,  12  segments,  the 
basal  segment  and  face  .yellowish.  Mesonotum  dark  brown,  the 
submedian  lines  sparsely  haired.  Scutellum  pale  orange,  post- 
scutellum  pale  yellowish.  Abdomen  rather  thickly  clothed  with 
fuscous  hairs,  pale  yellowish.  Halteres  yellowish  basally,  fus- 
cous apically.  Coxae  and  femora  fuscous  yellowish,  tibiae  and 
tarsi  dark  brown. 

Bred  from  a  jar  containing  Crataegus  leaves  bearing  a  sub- 
cylindric  fimbiiate  unicellular  gall. 

Type  C.  ai555x,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Arnoldia  fraxinifolia  n.  sp. 

Male.  Length  i  mm.  Antennae  about  as  long  as  the  body, 
rather  sparsely  haired,  dark  brown,  the  basal  segments  yel- 
lowish, 12  segments;  face  fuscous  yellowish.  Mesonotum  light 
brown,  the  submedian  lines  indistinct.  Scutellum,  postscutellum 
and  abdomen  a  nearly  imiform  light  yellowish  or  yellowish 
orange,  the  latter  sparsely  clothed  dorsally  with  fuscous  hairs, 
genitalia  light  fuscous.  Halteres  yellowish  basally,  light  fus- 
cous apically.  Coxae  and  femora  pale  yellowish,  tibiae  light 
fuscous  straw,  tarsi  dark  brown,  almost  black. 

Bred  July  25,  1907,  from  badly  rolled  young  ash  leaflets  taken 
at  Newfoundland,  N.  J. 

Type  C.  ai572a,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 
10 


290  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Arnoldia  hispida  11.  s}). 

Male.  Length  1  mm.  Antennae  longer  than  the  body, 
thickly  haired,  dark  brown,  fuscons  basally,  12  segments.  Meso- 
notum  dark  brown,  the  submedian  lines  yellowish.  Scutellum 
yellowish  orange,  postscntellnm  pale  yellowish.  Abdomen  pale 
brown,  rather  thickly  clothed  with  fine  setae.  Halteres  yellow- 
ish basally,  whitish  apically,  coxae,  femora  and  tibiae  mostly 
pale  yellowish,  tarsi  light  brown. 

Taken  on  Cornus  at  Albany,  N.  Y.  Jnly  6,  1906. 

Type  C.  519,  N.  Y.  State  ]\Iuseum. 

Arnoldia  minor  n.  s]). 

Male.  Length  .75  mm.  Antennae  extending  almost  to  the  tip 
of  the  abdomen,  rather  tliickly  haired,  dark  brown,  fuscous 
basally.  12  segments;  face  fnscous.  Mescmotum  dark  brown, 
the  snbmedian  lines  indistinct.  Scntelhim  dark  brown,  yel- 
lowish orange  basally,  postscutellnm  dark  brown.  Abdomen 
uniform  dark  brown.  Halteres  yellowish  transparent,  coxae  pale 
orange,  femora  and  tibiae  pale  yellowish,  distally  with  narrow 
reddish  or  brownish  bands,  tarsi  dark  brown. 

Taken  on  a  window  at  Nassau,  X.  ^^  July  i,   1905. 

Type  C.  431,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Arnoldia  ungulata  n.  sj). 

Male.  Length  i  mm.  Antennae  a  little  longer  than  the  body, 
rather  thickly  haired,  light  brown,  the  basal  segments  yellowish, 
12  segments;  face  pale  yellowish.  Mesonotum  dark  brown,  the 
orange  submedian  lines  sparsely  haired.  Scutellum  pale  red- 
dish, postscutellnm  i)ale  orange.  Abdomen  sparsely  haired,  a 
pale  orange,  genitalia  slightly  fuscous.  Halteres  yellowish 
ba.sally,  fuscous  apically.  Legs  a  variable  fuscous  straw,  the  tarsi 
slightly  darker. 

Taken  at  All)any,  N.  Y.  July  6.  up;. 

Type  C.  1221,  N.  Y.  State  Musemn. 

Arnoldia  vitis  n.  sp. 

Male.  Length  i  nun.  Antemiae  nearly  as  long  as  the  body, 
Ihicklv  hairid.  ln>eons  yellowish,  IJ  segmenls.  the  basal  ones 
yellowish.  Mesonotum  and  dorsum  ..f  ab.lnmen  yellowish 
brown.  Scutellum,  postscutellnm.  i.arirtcs  and  incisures  pale 
yellowish.  Halteres  ycllowi.sh  basally.  fuscous  apically.  Legs 
yellowish  basally.  «lark  brown  distally. 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  29I 

Female.  Length  1.5  mm.  Antennae  extending  to  the  third 
abdominal  segment,  rather  thickly  haired,  dark  brown,  12  seg- 
ments, the  basal  segments  and  face  yellowish.  Mesonotum  dark 
brown,  the  submedian  lines  yellowish.  Scutellum  and  post- 
scutellum  yellowish.  Abdomen  a  light  fuscous  yellowish,  the 
incisures,  pleurae  and  venter  pale  orange.  Halteres  yellowish 
basally,  fuscous  apically.  Coxae  and  base  of  femora  yellowish, 
tibiae  and  tarsi  mostly  dark  brown. 

Bred  July  15,  1907,  in  association  with  Lasioptera  vitis 
O.  S.  from  the  typical  galls  of  this  latter  species.  It  would 
appear  from  the  numbers  reared  that  either  species  could  pro- 
duce this  gall. 

Type  C.  aii65a,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Dasyneura  adhesa  n.  sp. 

Male.  Length  .75  mm.  Antennae  nearly  as  long  as  the  body, 
rather  thickly  haired,  dark  brown,  21  segments;  face  fuscous 
yellowish.  Mesonotum  dark  brown,  the  submedian  lines 
sparsely  haired.  Scutellum  reddish  brown,  postscutellum  dark 
brown.  Abdomen  dark  brown,  the  segments  rather  sparsely 
margined  posteriorly  with  yellowish  hairs.  Genitalia  fuscous, 
pleurae  and  venter  fuscous  yellowish.  Halteres  whitish  trans- 
parent. Coxae  fuscous  yellowish,  femora  and  tibiae  pale  yellow- 
ish, narrowly  annulate  distally  with  dark  brown  or  reddish 
brown.    Tarsi  brown,  the  distal  segments  darker. 

Female.  Length  .75  mm.  Antennae  extending  to  the  fourth 
abdominal  segment,  sparsely  haired,  dark  brown,  the  basal  seg- 
ments yellowish,  22  segments.  Mesonotum  dark  brown,  the  sub- 
median  lines  rather  thickly  haired.  Scutellum  and  postscutellum 
light  fuscous  yellowish.  Abdomen  a  nearly  uniform  dark  brown, 
the  basal  segments  yellowish,  the  others  narrowly  margined 
posteriorly  with  yellowish,  pleurae  and  venter  yellowish.  In 
some  specimens  the  venter  is  thickly  clothed  with  silvery  hairs. 
Halteres  yellowish  transparent.  Coxae,  femora  and  tibiae  mostly 
pale  yellowish,  the  femora  narrowly  and  variably  annulate  dis- 
tally with  fuscous,  tarsi  dark  brown. 

Bred  July  16,  1907,  from  oval  cells,  between  the  adherent 
leaves  of  Solidago  canadensis,  identical  with  those 
made  by  A  s  p  h  o  n  d  y  1  i  a  m  o  n  a  c  h  a  O.  S.  under  similar 
conditions. 

Type  C.  ai568,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 


292  NEW    YORK    STATE   MUSEUM 

Dasyneura  anemone  n.  sp. 

Male.  Length  1.25  mm.  Antennae  about  as  long  as  the  body, 
sparsely  haired,  reddish  brown,  15  segments.  Head  reddish 
yellow.  Mesonotum  dark  brown,  the  narrow  subniedian  lines 
yellowish.  Abdomen  dark  brown,  the  incisures  and  pleurae  yel- 
lowish, the  venter  reddish  orange.  Halteres  pale  yellowish, 
femora  pale  yellowish  basally,  darker  apically,  the  tibiae  and 
tarsi  dark  brown,  the  latter  almost  black  in  some  specimens. 

Female.  Length  1.25  mm.  Antennae  extending  to  the  second 
abdominal  segment,  sparsely  haired,  reddish  brown,  14  seg- 
ments. Color  characters  about  as  in  the  male,  except  that  the 
mesonotum  is  not  so  dark  and  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  abdomen 
is  more  heavily  clothed  with  fuscous  hairs. 

Bred  July  12,  1907,  from  a  loose  bud  gall  on  Anemone 
canadense    taken  at  Kinderhook  and  Nassau,  N.  Y. 

Type  C.  ai522,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Dasyneura  coryli  n.  sp. 

Male.  Length  i  mm.  Antennae  longer  than  the  body, 
sparsely  haired,  dark  brown  or  black,  basal  segments  pale  yel- 
lowish, 14  segments.  Mesonotum  dark  brown,  the  narrow  sub- 
median  lines  yellowish,  sparsely  haired.  Scutellum  and  post- 
scutellum  pale  yellowish.  Abdomen  dark  orange,  very  sparsely 
clothed  with  fuscous  hairs.  Genitalia  pale  yellowish.  Halteres 
large,  yellowish  basally,  fuscous  subapically.  Legs  with  the 
coxae  and  base  of  femora  pale  yellowish,  gradually  becoming 
darker  toward  the  tip,  the  distal  portion  of  femora  and  tibiae 
light  fuscous,  tarsi  dark  brown. 

Female.  Length  about  i  mm.  Antennae  not  quite  as  long 
as  the  body,  sparsely  haired,  pale  yellowish,  13  segments.  The 
entire  body  a  pale  lemon-yellow  though  the  vcstiture  of  the 
abdomen  is  abundant  enough  to  give  some  indication  of  hand- 
ing.    Halteres'dark  brown.     Legs  pale  yellowish. 

Bred  July  11,  1907,  from  a  fuzzy  wrinkled  fold  gall  at  the 
base  of  hazel  leaves  taken  at  West  Nyack,  N.  Y. 

Type  C.  a  1 543,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Dasyneura  cyanococci   n.   sp. 
Female.     T>cngth  1.25  mm.     Antennae  one  half  the  length  of 
the  body,  sparsely  haired,  dark  brown,  the  basal  segment  and 
face  yellowish,  15  segments.     Mcsonoluni  dark  brown,  the  sub- 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  293 

median  lines  thickly  haired.  Scutellum  brownish  red,  postscu- 
tellum  yellowish  red.  Abdomen  dark  brown,  the  incisures  dark 
reddish,  the  venter  pale  yellowish.  Genitalia  fuscous.  Ilalteres 
pale  yellowish,  slightly  fuscous  apically.  Coxae  and  base  of 
femora  pale  yellowish,  the  latter  slightly  fuscous  distally,  tibiae 
and  tarsi  dark  brown. 

Bred  September  9,  1907,  from  a  loose  apical  bud  gall  on  blue- 
berry taken  at  Stowe,  Mass. 

Type  C.  ai7oo,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Dasyneura  fraxinifolia   n.   sp. 

Male.  Length  .75  mm.  Antennae  nearly  as  long  as  the  body, 
thickly  haired,  brown,  the  basal  segments  yellowish,  14  seg- 
ments; face  yellowish.  Mesonotum  reddish  brown,  the  sub- 
median  lines  pale  yellowish.  Scutellum  light  reddish  brown, 
postscutellum  a  little  lighter.  Abdomen  fuscous  yellowish,  the 
second  to  seventh  segments  shaded  with  light  brown.  Genitalia 
fuscous,  venter  light  yellowish.  Halteres  yellowish  basally, 
light  brown  apically.  Legs  a  light  straw,  the  distal  tarsal  seg- 
ments darker. 

Bred  August  i,  1907,  from  tightly  rolled  ash  leaves  taken  at 
Bath,  N.  Y. 

Type  C.  ai648a,  N.  Y.  State  Museum.  ( 

Dasyneura  salicifolia  n.  sp. 

Male.  Length  1.5  mm.  Antennae  nearly  as  long  as  the  body, 
thickly  haired,  fuscous  yellowish,  16  segments,  the  basal  seg- 
ment ventrally  and  face  with  patches  of  short,  silvery  hairs. 
Mesonotum  dark  brown,  the  lateral  and  submedian  lines  distinct 
and  rather  thickly  clothed  with  long  pale  brown  hairs.  Abdo- 
men dark  brown  dorsally,  silvery  laterally,  pleura  with  patches 
of  silvery  hairs  interrupted  beneath.  Halteres  pale  yellowish. 
Coxae  pale  yellowish  with  silvery  hairs,  femora  pale  silvery  at 
base,  fuscous  apically,  tibiae  and  tarsi  darker. 

Bred  August  14,  1907,  from  young  terminal  adherent  willow 
leaves. 

Type  C.  ai675,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Rhabdophaga  salicifolia  n.   sp. 
Male.      Length    1.5    mm.     Antennae   probably   a   little   longer 
than  the  body,  sparsely  haired,   dark  brown,  probably  20  seg- 


294  NliW    YORK    STATE   MUSEUM 

ments ;  face  fuscous.  Alesonotum  dark  brown,  the  submedian 
lines  sparsely  haired.  Scutellum  deep  reddish  brown,  post- 
scutellum  dark  fuscous.  Abdomen  dark  brown,  sparsely  clothed 
with  fine  hairs.  Halteres  fuscous  basally,  fuscous  yellowish 
apically.  Legs  a  somewhat  variable  fuscous  yellowish,  femora 
basally  light  yellowish. 

Female.  Length  2.5  mm.  Antennae  extending  to  the  fourth 
abdominal  segment,  sparsely  haired,  fuscous  yellowish,  20  seg- 
ments; face  fuscous  with  a  patch  of  white  scales  just  below  the 
eyes.  Mesonotum  dark  brown,  the  submedian  lines  rather 
thickly  clothed  with  fine  hairs.  Scutellum  reddish  brown  with 
numerous  setae  apically,  postscutellum  dark  brown.  Abdomen 
very  sparsely  clothed  with  fine  hairs,  brown,  the  incisures  and 
pleurae  deep  orange ;  ovipositor  pale  yellowish.  Halteres  pale 
yellowish  basally,  fuscous  apically.     Legs  fuscous  yellowish. 

Bred  in  July  1907,  from  a  pouch  gall  on  Spiraea  salici- 
folia  taken  at  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Type  C.  ai505,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Asphondylia  arizonensis  n.  sp. 

Male.  Length  4.5  mm.  Antennae  a  little  longer  than  the 
body,  sparsely  clothed  with  fine  hairs,  light  brown,  14  segments. 
Mesonotum  dark  brown,  nearly  naked.  Scutellum  pale  yellow- 
ish, postscutellum  reddish  brown.  Abdomen  light  brown,  rather 
thickly  clothed  with  yellowish  hairs,  the  eighth  segment  pale 
yellowish,  genitalia  fuscous.  Halteres  pale  yellowish.  Legs 
mostly  a  light  yellowish  brown,  the  distal  tarsal  segments  red- 
dish brown. 

Female,  Length  5  mm.  Antennae  nearly  as  long  as  the  body, 
rather  thickly  clothed  witli  Inu'  hairs,  light  yellowish  brown,  14 
segments.  Mesonotum  grayish  brown,  the  submedian  lines 
rather  thickly  clothed  with  line  hairs.  Scutellum  light  fuscous 
yellowish,  postscutellum  a  little  lighter.  Abdomen  light  yellowish 
brown,  thickly  clothed  with  fine,  grayish  hairs,  the  eighth  segment 
yellowish. 

P.red  May  iS,  i88j,  from  large  galls  rescnil)ling  the  fruit  of 
the  prickly  pear  occurring  on  Cactus  at  Fort  Grant,  Ariz. 

'ryi)C  C.  857,  N.  Y.  State  Museum.  «'  2676  U.  S.  Department 
of  Agriculture. 

Asphondylia  auripila  n.  sp. 

Male.  Length  J. 5  mm.  Antennae  extending  to  the  fourth  ab- 
dominal segment,  sparsely  clothed  with  short,  yellowish  hairs, 


REPORT   OF    THE    STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  295 

dark  brown.  14  segments;  face  fuscous  brown.  Mesonotum 
brownish  black,  the  submedian  lines  distinct,  rather  thickly 
clothed  with  3^ellowish  hairs.  Scutellum  reddish  brown  with  a 
few  apical  setae,  postscutellum  slightly  darker.  Abdomen  red- 
dish brown,  the  second  and  following  segments  very  thickly 
clothed  with  long,  golden  yellow  hairs.  Halteres  reddish  brown, 
pale  yellowish  distally.  Pleurae  and  coxae  reddish  brown,  the 
femora,  tibiae  and  tarsi  a  variable  reddish  brown. 

Bred  Februarys 6,  1897,  from  galls  on  Larrea  tridentata 
taken  at  Tucson,  Ariz. 

Type  C.  851,  N.  Y.  State  Museum,  ,^'  7320  U.  S.  Department 
of  Agriculture. 

Asphondylia  azaleae  n.  sp. 

Male.  Length  4  mm.  Antennae  nearly  as  as  long  as  the  body, 
thickly  clothed  with  fine  hairs,  light  brown,  14  segments;  face 
fuscous  yellowish.  Mesonotum  dark  brown,  the  submedian  lines 
thickly  clothed  with  grayish  hairs.  Scutellum  reddish  brown, 
thickly  clothed  apically  with  long  setae,  postscutellum  dark 
salmon.  Abdomen  dark  brown,  sparsely  clothed  with  fine  hairs, 
the  segments  rather  thickly  margined  posteriorly  with  long 
setae,  the  eighth  segment  mostly  pale  orange,  genitalia  fuscous; 
pleurae  rather  thickly  clothed  with  silvery  white  scales,  the 
venter  slightly  lighter  than  the  dorsum.  Halteres  yellowish 
white  basally  and  apically,  brown  subapically.  Coxae  and 
femora  fuscous  yellowish,  tibiae  and  tarsi  mostly  dark  brown. 

The  female  resembles  the  male  closely  in  general  appearance. 

Bred  June  15,  1907,  from  enlarged  azalea  buds  taken  at 
Albany,  N.  Y. 

Type  C.  31481,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Asphondylia  brevicauda  n.   sp. 

Female.  Length  1.5  mm.  Antennae  nearly  as  long  as  the 
body,  sparsely  haired,  reddish  brown,  14  segments.  Mesonotum 
dark  brown.  Scutellum  yellowish  red,  postscutellum  a  little 
darker.  Abdomen  dark  reddish  brown,  rather  thickly  haired. 
Halteres  pale  yellowish.  Legs  mostly  yellowish  brown,  the 
tarsal  segments  darker. 

Taken  at  Fort  Yuma,  Ariz,  by  H.  G.  Hubbard. 

Type  C.  iO-|o.  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 


296  NEW    YORK    STATE   MUSEUM 

Asphondylia  bumeliae  n.  sp. 

Male.  Length  2  mm.  Antennae  a  little  shorter  than  the 
body,  sparsely  clothed  with  short  hairs,  light  brown,  14  seg- 
ments; face  yellowish  brown.  Mesonotum  light  brown,  indis- 
tinctly margined  laterally  and  anteriorl}^  with  light  yellowish, 
the  submedian  lines  pale  yellowish,  sparsely  clothed  with  fine 
hairs.  Scutellum  light  yellow,  postscutellum  light  brown.  Ab- 
domen light  brown,  rather  thickly  clothed  with  fine,  yellowish 
hairs.  Halteres  yellowish  basally,  fuscous  apically.  Legs  a 
variable  brown,  the  extremities  of  tibiae  and  tarsi  slightly 
darker. 

Female.  Length  2.5  mm.  Color  characters  about  as  in  the 
opposite  sex. 

Bred  June  6,  1896,  from  galls  on  B  u  m  e  1  i  a  lanuginosa 
taken  at  Nuecestown,  Tex. 

Type  C.  849,  N.  Y.  State  Museum,  -s^  745  U.  S.  Department 
of  Agriculture. 

Asphondylia  hydrangeae  n.  sp. 

Male.  Length  4  mm.  Antennae  extending  about  to  the  fifth 
abdominal  segment,  thickly  clothed  with  short,  yellowish  hairs, 
reddish  brown,  14  segments;  face  and  mouth  parts  yellowish 
brown.  Mesonotum  olive-brown,  the  anterior  lateral  angles 
yellowish,  the  submedian  lines  rather  distinct  and  rather  thickly 
clothed  with  yellowish  hairs.  Scutellum  yellowish  brown  with 
numerous  long,  yellowish  apical  setae,  postscutellum  yellowish 
brown.  Abdomen  dark  brown,  thickly  and  rather  uniformly 
clothed  with  rather  short,  yellowish  or  brown  setae,  the  latter 
color  more  apparent  along  the  median  line,  the  hairs  on  the 
sides  and  venter  yellowish  or  silvery  white.  Halteres  yellowish 
basally,  reddish  brown  apically;  pleurae  reddish  brown,  coxae 
and  the  femora  basally  yellowish  brown,  the  distal  portions  of 
the  femora,  tibiae  and  tarsi  a  nearly  uniform  dark  brown. 

Bred  May  6,  1884,  from  gall  on  Hydrangea  arbores- 
cens   taken  in  Virginia. 

Type  C.  852,  N.  Y.  State  Museum,  ^'  3.^53  U.  S.  Dci)artmcnt 
of  Agriculture. 

Asphondylia  ilicoides  n.  sp. 

Male.  Lcnj^th  3  mm.  Antennae  nearly  as  long  as  the  body, 
sparsely  clothed  with  short  hairs,  dark  brown,  basal  segment 
pale  at  the  base,  14  segments.     Mesonotum  brown,  dusted  with 


REPORT   OF    THE    STATE   EXTOMOLOGIST    I907  297 

pruinosc,  the  subnicclian  lines  sparsely  clothed  with  gray  setae 
and  with  a  lateral  row  of  setae  in  front  of  the  wing  insertion. 
Pleura  and  scutellnm  concolorous  with  the  mesonotum,  the 
latter  thickly  clothed  with  long,  grayish  setae.  Abdomen  dark 
brown  dorsally,  sparsely  clothed  with  gray  setae,  which  are 
apparently  longer  posteriorly;  ventrally  the  abdomen  is  yellow- 
ish red,  rather  thickly  clothed  with  short,  shining  gray  hairs. 
Halteres  pale  basally,  fuscous  subapically,  slightly  so  apically. 
Coxae  and  the  basal  two  thirds  of  the  posterior  femora  luteous, 
the  latter  shading  to  a  very  dark  brown  apically.  Tibiae  and 
tarsi  black,  the  anterior  legs  similarly  colored;  the  mid  legs  have 
the  femora  quite  a  little  darker  at  the  base. 

Female.  Length  a  little  less  than  3  mm.  Antennal  and  color, 
characters  about  as  in  the  opposite  sex.  Ovipositor  when  ex- 
tended nearly  as  long  as  the  body. 

Bred  June  20,  1907,  from  a  small,  oval,  green  bud  gall  on 
Ilicoides    mucronata    taken  at  Old  Forge,  N.  Y. 

Type  C.  ai548,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Asphondylia  macrofila  n.  sp. 

Male.  Length  2  mm.  Antennae  nearly  as  long  as  the  body, 
sparsely  clothed  with  short  hairs,  light  brown,  14  segments; 
face  reddish  3'ellow.  Mesonotum  dark  brown,  the  submedian 
lines  sparsely  clothed  with  yellowish  hairs.  Scutellum  pale 
yellowish  with  a  few  fuscous  apical  setae,  postscutellum  dark 
brown.  Abdomen  reddish  brown,  rather  thickly  clothed  with 
fine  hairs,  genitalia  fuscous  yellowish.  Halteres  yellowish,  red- 
dish brown  subapically.  Legs  reddish  brown,  the  tarsi  slightly 
darker. 

Female.  Length  2  mm.  Antennae  a  little  shorter  than  the 
body,  sparsely  clothed  with  rather  coarse  hairs,  dark  brown,  14 
segments.     Color  characters  about  as  in  the  opposite  sex. 

Bred  May  4,  1887,  from  galls  on  Amsinckia  1  y  cop- 
so  i  d  e  s    taken  at  Los  Angeles  and  Alameda,  Cal. 

Type  C.  855,  N.  Y.  State  Museum,  #  175  in  red  ink,  U.  S. 
Department  of  Agriculture. 

Asphondylia  salictaria  n.  sp. 
Female.    Length  3.5  mm.    Antennae  about  as  long  as  the  body, 
rather  thickly  clothed  with  fine  hairs,  yellowish  brown,  14  seg- 
ments.    Mesonotum   dark  brown,  the   submedian  lines  fuscous 
yellowish,  thickly  clothed  with  long  setae.     Scutellum  yellowish 


298  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

brown  with  numerous  coarse  setae  apically,  postscutellum  dull 
yellowish  white.  Abdomen  brown,  rather  thickly  clothed  with 
fine  setae,  the  segments  variably  margined  posteriorly  with 
whitish  setae,  the  basal  segment  margined  anteriorly  and  posteriorly 
with  silvery  white,  venter  thickly  clothed  with  silvery  hairs. 
Halteres  yellowish  basally,  fuscous  apically.  Coxae  and  base  of 
femora  fuscous  yellowish,  distal  portion  of  femora,  tibiae  and 
tarsi  dark  brown. 

Bred  May  15,  1899,  from  willow  twigs  taken  at  Pleasant- 
ville,  Ind. 

Type  C.  859,  N.  Y.  State  Museum.  V  4423  U.  S.  Department 
of  Agriculture. 

Asphondylia  smilacinae  n.  sp. 

Male.  Length  3  mm.  Antennae  as  long  as  the  body,  rather 
thickly  clothed  with  fine  hairs,  light  brown,  14  segments. 
Mesonotum  reddish  brown,  the  sublateral  areas  darker  with  a 
distinct  irregular  fuscous  area  at  the  anterior  and  posterior  lateral 
angles,  the  submedian  lines  indistinct,  dull  orange,  sparsely 
clothed  with  short  setae.  Scutellum  pale  yellowish,  thickly 
clothed  with  short  setae,  postscutellum  orange  yellowish.  Abdo- 
men a  dull  yellowish  brown,  the  basal  segment  sparsely  clothed 
with  long,  yellowish  setae.  Halteres  fuscous  yellowish.  Coxae 
and  base  of  femora  yellowish  brown,  the  distal  portion  of 
femora,  tibiae  and  tarsi  a  variable  dark  yellowish  brown. 

Bred  from  September  26  to  October  2,  1888,  from  deformed 
berries  of  Vagnera  racemosa  taken  presumably  at  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

Type  C.  860,  N.  Y.  State  Museum,  ,"*^'  4343  U.  S.  Department 
of  Agriculture. 

Rhopalomyia  asteriflorae  n.   sp. 

Female.  Length  2.5  mm.  Antennae  extending  to  the  third 
abdr)niinal  segment,  sparsely  haired,  pale  fuscous  yellowish,  19 
segments.  Mesonotum  dark  brown,  the  submedian  lines  sparsely 
haired.  Scutellum  dark  brown  with  nimierous  coarse  setae  api- 
cally, postscutellum  fuscous  orange.  Abdomen  reddish  brown, 
the  incisures  and  pleurae  dark  orange,  ventral  sclerites  dark 
brown,  ovipositor  fuscous  yellowish.  Halteres  pale  yellowish 
basally,  fuscous  apically.  Coxae  and  base  of  femora  fuscous  yel- 
lowish, the  distal  portion  of  femora,  tibiae  and  tarsi  fuscous. 

Bred  Sefitcmber  25.  1907,  from  the  somewhat  dwarfed  heads 
of   Aster   j)  a  n  i  c  u  1  a  t  a    taken  at  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Type  C.  aT757,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    IQO/  299 

Rhopalomyia  audibertiae  n.  sp. 

Male.  Length  1.5  mm.  Antennae  probably  nearly  as  long  as 
the  body,  sparsely  haired,  light  brown,  14  segments.  Meso- 
notum  dark  reddish  brown.  Scutellum  reddish  brown.  Abdo- 
men dark  brown.  Halteres  yellowish  transparent.  Legs  nearly 
uniform  light  straw. 

Bred  in  April,  from  gall  on  Audibertia  stachyoides. 

Type  C.  1029,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Rhopalomyia  clarkei  n.  sp. 

Female,  Length  2  mm.  Antennae  about  two  thirds  the  length 
of  the  body,  sparsely  haired,  fuscous  yellowish,  the  basal  segment 
and  face  fuscous;  17  segments.  Mesonotum  shining  dark  brown, 
the  submedian  lines  sparsely  haired.  Scutellum  dark  red,  post- 
scutellum  fuscous.  Abdomen  dull  red,  the  small  dorsal  sclerites 
somewhat  fuscous,  membrane  and  pleurae  deep  reddish  orange, 
ovipositor  fuscous  yellowish.  Halteres  yellowish  basally,  fus- 
cous subapically,  dull  orange  apically.  Legs  a  variable  fuscous 
yellowish. 

Bred  October  8,  1907,  from  a  very  small,  fusiform,  pale  green 
gall  occurring  mostly  on  the  underside  of  the  terminal  leaves  of 
Solidago  rugosa  and  taken  by  Miss  Cora  H.  Clarke  at 
Tamworth,  N.  H. 

Type  C.  ai634,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Hormomyia   consobrina   n.   sp. 

Male.  Length  5.5  mm.  Antennae  extending  to  the  fifth  ab- 
dominal segment,  rather  sparsely  clothed  with  fine  hairs,  dark 
brown,  15  segments;  face  dark  brown  and  yellowish.  Mesono- 
tum dark  brown,  the  submedian  lines  sparsely  haired.  Scutellum 
pale  orange  yellow,  postscutcllum  a  little  darker.  Abdomen 
dark  brown,  the  eighth  segment  mostly  yellowish ;  genitalia  fus- 
cous, venter  pale  yellowish  orange.  Halteres  pale  yellowish. 
Legs  light  fuscous  yellowish. 

Taken  May  25,  1907,  on  dormant  azalea. 

Type  C.  1204,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Hormomyia  johnsoni  n.  sp. 
Male.     Length  5  mm.     Antennae  extending  to  the  fourth  ab- 
dominal  segment,    sparsely    haired,   dark   brown,    14   segments; 


300  NEW    YORK   STATE   MUSEUM 

face  dark  reddish  brown.  Mesonotum  very  dark  brown,  the  sub- 
median  Hnes  narrow,  dark  yellowish.  Scutellum  brown,  reddish 
apically  and  laterally,  postscutellum  dark  brown,  reddish  basally. 
Abdomen  sparsely  clothed  with  fine  hairs,  shining  black.  Hal- 
teres  pale  reddish,  yellow  basally,  slightly  fuscous  apically.  Legs 
a  variable  fuscous  yellowish,  distal  tarsal  segments  darker. 

Taken  May  28,  1906,  by  Prof.  C.  W.  Johnson  at  Auburndale, 
Mass. 

Type  C.  821,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Hormomyia  palustris  n.  sp. 

Male.  Length  7  mm.  Antennae  nearly  as  long  as  the  body, 
rather  thickly  clothed  with  fine  hairs,  pale  yellowish,  25  to  2"] 
segments ;  face  fuscous.  Mesonotum  brown  with  the  broad  sub- 
median  lines  and  posterior  median  area  yellowish.  Scutellum 
pale  yellowish,  postscutellum  yellowish,  margined  posteriorly 
with  fuscous.  Abdomen  yellowish  with  the  first  four  segments 
mostly  pale  yellowish  transparent,  the  fifth,  sixth  and  seventh 
segments  dull  orange,  genitalia  fuscous  yellowish.  Halteres 
pale  yellowish  white.     Legs  a  nearly  uniform  pale  yellowish. 

Taken  May  20,  1907,  in  considerable  numbers  on  a  lake  marsh 
at  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  by  Dr  James  G.  Needham. 

Type  C.  1205,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Dichrodiplosis  multifila  n.  sp. 

Male.  Length  1.5  mm.  Antennae  about  as  long  as  the  body, 
thickly  haired,  fuscous  brown,  14  segments.  Mesonotum  dark 
brown,  the  submedian  lines  indistinct.  Scutellum  dark  reddish 
brown,  postscutellum  fuscous.  Abdomen  dark  brown,  the  seg- 
ments sparsely  margined  posteriorly  with  coarse  setae.  Halteres 
fuscous  yellowish.  Coxae  and  base  of  femora  pale  yellowish, 
distal  portion  of  femora,  tibiae  and  tarsi  a  variable  brown. 

Taken  at  Porto  Rico  by  August  Busck. 

Type  C.  1024,  N.  Y.  State  Museum,  "^  339  U.  S.  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture. 

Dichrodiplosis  quercina   n.   sp. 
Male.     Length    1.5    mm.      Antennae    y\    longer   than    the   body, 
thickly    haired,    light    brown,    14    segments.      Mesonotum    dark 
brown,  the  submedian  lines  sparsely  haired.     Scutellum  yellow- 
ish   brown,    postscutellum    darker.        Abdomen    reddish    brown, 


REPORT   OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOOIST    I907  3OI 

genitalia  liglitcr,  the  segments  rather  thickly  margined  pos- 
teriorly with  brown  setae.  Ilalteres  pale  yellowish.  Legs  light 
straw. 

Bred  April  6,  1893.  from  leaves  designated  as  English  laurel, 
probably  Qiiercus,  taken  at  Augusta,  Ga. 

Type  C.  1006,  N.  Y.  State  Museum,  #  5493  U.  S.  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture. 

Arthrocnodax  apiphila  n.  sp. 

Male.  Length  i  mm.  Antennae  ^  longer  than  the  body, 
thickly  haired,  fuscous  straw,  basal  segment  and  face  yellowish, 
14  segments.  Mesonotum  yellowish  or  reddish  brown,  the  sub- 
median  lines  indistinct.  Scutellum  yellowish  or  orange  yellow, 
postscutellum  yellow  or  orange  yellowish.  Abdomen  yellowish  or 
deep  carmine.  Genitalia  fuscous  yellowish.  Halteres  pale  orange. 
Coxae  and  femora  basally  pale  yellowish,  the  femora  distally  and 
tibiae  light  straw,  tarsi  light  brown,  the  distal  segments  darker. 

Bred  October  8,  1907,  by  Burton  N.  Gates,  expert  in  apiculture, 
A\'ashington,  D.  C..  from  small  larvae  which  appeared  to  be  feed- 
ing in  mite  infested  material  and  excrement  of  old  bee  combs 
received  from  California. 

Type  C.  aT775,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Mycodiplosis  corylifolia   n.   sp. 

Male,  Length  i  mm.  Antennae  about  as  long  as  the  body, 
rather  thickly  haired,  light  brown,  the  basal  segments  yellowish, 
14  segments.  Thorax  and  abdomen  a  nearly  uniform  pale  yel- 
lowish, the  scutellum  and  base  of  the  abdomen  a  little  darker; 
genitalia  whitish  transparent.  Coxae  and  base  of  femora  mostly 
yellowish  transparent,  the  distal  portion  of  femora  and  tibiae 
pale  yellowish,  the  tarsi  fuscous  straw,  the  distal  segments 
darker. 

Female.  Length  1.75  mm.  Antennae  as  long  as  the  body, 
sparsely  haired,  pale  straw,  14  segments.  Thorax  and  abdomen 
a  very  pale  lemon-yellow.  Halteres  yellowish  transparent.  Legs 
yellowish  transparent  basally,  the  tarsi  a  very  pale  yellowish  straw. 

Bred  July  23,  1907,  from  a  fuzzy  wrinkled  fold  gall  at  the 
base  of  hazel  leaves  taken  at  West  Nyack,  N.  Y. 

Type  C.  ai543b,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 


302  NEW    YORK    STATE   MUSEUM 

Contarinia   agrimoniae    n.    sp. 

Male.  Length  i  mm.  Antennae  a  little  longer  than  the  body, 
sparsely  haired,  pale  straw,  14  segments;  face  pale  yellowish. 
Mesonotum  fuscous,  the  submedian  lines  indistinct.  Scutellum 
and  postscutcllum  fuscous.  Abdomen  a  fuscous  greenish  white 
or  yellowish.  Halteres  yellowish.  Coxae  pale  yellowish,  fe- 
mora, tibiae  and  tarsi  mostly  brown. 

Female.  Length  1.25  mm.  Antennae  as  long  as  the  body. 
Color  characters  about  as  in  the  opposite  sex. 

Bred  September  3,  1907,  from  flowers  of  A  g  r  i  m  o  n  i  a 
eupatoria  taken  at  Bath,  N.  Y.,  August  16,  1907. 

Type  C.  aii6g6,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Cecidomyia    cerasifolia    n.    sp. 

Male.  Length  .75  mm.  Antennae  twice  the  length  of  the 
body,  thickly  haired,  yellowish  brown,  14  segments,  the  basal 
segment  and  face  yellowish.  IMcsonotum  dark  brown,  the  sub- 
median  lines  indistinct.  Scutellum  bright  red,  the  postscutcllum 
a  little  darker.  Abdomen  yellowish  brown  or  reddish,  mem- 
brane and  pleurae  brown  on  the  basal  segments,  genitalia  yel- 
lowish. Halteres  yellowish  orange,  fuscous  sul)a[)ically.  Coxae 
yellowish,  femora,  tibiae  and  tarsi  a  light  straw. 

Bred  September  4,  1907,  from  irregularly  thickened  folded 
chokecherry  leaves  taken  at  Newfoundland,  N.  J. 

Type  C.  ai57i,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Cecidomyia  floricola  n.   sp. 

Male.  Length  i  mm.  Antennae  j/4  longer  than  the  body, 
sparsely  haired,  pale  straw,  14  segments;  face  pale  yellowish. 
Mesonotum  brown,  the  submedian  lines  indistinct.  Scutellum 
yellowish  with  a  few  long  setae,  postscutcllum  yellowish.  Abdo- 
men pale  ycllowisli,  the  segments  margined  posteriorly  with 
long  hairs.  Halteres  pale  yellowish.  Coxae,  femora  and  tibiae 
j)ale  yellowish,  tarsi  brownish  gray,  the  segments  paler  basally. 

I'.rcrl  August  15,  1907,  from  somewhat  enlarged  reddened 
tlowcrs  of  Spiraea    s  a  1  i  c  i  f  o  1  i  a  taken  at  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Type  C.  ai68i,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Cecidomyia    macrofila    n.    sp. 
Male.     Length  r  mm.     Antennae  a  little  longer  than  Ihe  body, 
thickly  haired,  light  brown,   14  segments.     Mesonotum  reddish 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  303 

brown.  Scutclluni  light  reddish  yellow,  postscutellum  darker. 
Abdomen  reddish  brown.  Halteres  yellowish  transparent. 
Coxae,  femora  and  tibiae  pale  yellowish,  tarsi  reddish  brown. 

Bred  August  6,  1902,  from  fungus  taken  at  Las  Vegas,  N.  M. 

Type  C.  1023,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Cecidomyia  piperitae  n.  sp. 

Female.  Length  1.25  mm.  Antennae  as  long  as  the  body, 
sparsely  h.aired,  brown;  14  segments,  basal  segments  and  face 
yellowish.  Mesonotum  a  shaded  orange-red,  the  submedian 
lines  indistinct.  Scutellum  reddish  basally,  light  fuscous  apic- 
ally,  postscutellum  deep  orange.  Abdomen  pale  orange.  Hal- 
teres pale  yellownsh,  slightly  fuscous  subapically.  Legs  a  light 
yellowish  orange,  the  anterior  variably  tinged  wdth  carmine. 

Bred  September  4,  1907,  from  peppermint,   ^Mentha    pipe 
r  i  t  a   taken  at  Nassau,  N.  Y. 

Type  C.  ai663c,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Cecidomyia  scrophulariae  n.  sp. 

Male.  Length  1.5  mm.  Antennae  j4  longer  than  the  body, 
thickly  haired,  light  brown,  basal  segments  yellowish,  14  seg- 
ments. Mesonotum  dark  brown,  the  submedian  lines  sparsely 
haired.  Scutellum  yellowish  brown,  postscutellum  fuscous. 
Abdomen  pale  yellowish  carmine,  the  basal  segments  apparently 
with  a  variable  fuscous  spot.  Genitalia  fuscous  yellowish. 
Halteres  yellowish  transparent.  Legs  a  variable  fuscous  straw, 
the  tarsi  nearly  black. 

Bred  August  8,  1907,  from  distorted  flow^er  buds  of  S  c  r  o  - 
phularia  marylandica  taken  at  AVest  Nyack,  N.  Y. 

Type  C.  ai569,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Cecidomyia  setariae  n.  sp. 
Male.  Length  1.5  mm.  Antennae  longer  than  the  body,  thickly 
haired,  light  brown,  basal  segments  pale  yellowish,  the  face  light 
reddish,  14  segments.  Mesonotum  reddish,  darker  laterally, 
submedian  lines  indistinct.  Scutellum  darker  than  the  mesono- 
tum, postscutellum  reddish.  Abdomen  reddish  yellow%  sparsely 
clothed  with  long  hairs,  membrane  and  pleurae  reddish  yellow. 
Halteres  pale  reddish  or  yellowish,  coxae  pale  yellowish,  anterior 
and  mid  femora  and  tibiae  gray,  the  posterior  femora  and  tibiae 
yellowish,  the  anterior  and  mid  tarsi  brownish,  the  posterior 
tarsi  with  the  two  basal  segments  yellowish,  the  others  browa. 


304  NEW    YORK    STATE   MUSEUM 

Bred  Aut^ust  25,  1907,  from  seeds  of  the  common  foxtail  grass 
taken  at  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Type  C.  ai72i,  N.  Y.  State  :\ruscum. 

Cecidomyia  spiraeaflorae  n.   sp. 

Male.  Length  1.5  mm.  Antennae  ' -.  I'Jng'cr  than  the  body, 
rather  thickly  haired,  pale  straw,  14  segments;  face  pale  fuscous. 
.Mcsonotum  brown,  the  submedian  lines  whitish.  Scutellum 
yellowish.  Abdomen  a  greenish  bronze,  the  first  segment  yel- 
lowish. Halteres  pale  fuscous  yellowish.  Coxae  pale  yellow- 
ish, femora  yellowish  at  the  base,  fuscous  apically,  tibiae  and 
tarsi  also  fuscous. 

Bred  August  24,  1907,  from  slightly  enlarged  reddened  flowers, 
of  Spiraea  salicifolia  taken  at  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Type  C.  ai68ib,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Bryocrypta    pectinata    n.    sp. 

Male.  Length  1.75  mm.  Antennae  about  ^4  longer  than  the 
body,  sparsely  haired,  pale  yellowish.  t6  segments;  face  yellow- 
ish. Mcsonotum  a  light  fuscous  yellowish.  Scutellum,  post- 
scutellum  and  abdomen  a  pale  yellowish,  ilaltcrcs  yellowish  trans- 
parent.    Legs  a  nearly  uniform  yellowish  straw. 

Bred  August  9,  1907,  from  a  jar  containing  several  basswood 
leaves,  each  with  irregular  subglobular  swellings  along  the  mid 
vein.  This  species  may  be  an  inciuiline  or  it  may  have  livcl 
on  the  decaying  leaf  tissues. 

Type  C.  ai599,  N.  Y.  State  Museum. 

Winnertzia  pinicorticis   n.   sp. 

Male.  Length  1  mm.  Antennae  as  long  as  the  body,  rather 
thickly  haired,  fuscous  yellowish,  14  segments.  Mcsonotum 
dark  brown,  s|)aringly  clothed  with  yellowish  setae,  the  sub- 
median  lines  indistinct.  Scutellum  reddish  brown,  postscutellum 
a  little  darker.  Abdomen  dark  brown.  TLiltercs  pale  yellowish. 
Legs  a  nearly  uniform  fuscous  yellowish. 

Bred  February  16,  1892,  from  bark  <>{  I'inus  inops  taken 
at  Strom,  Va. 

Type  C.  1047,  ^'-  ^'-  ^t-'l'^'  Museum.  .♦  5217  U.  S.  Depart- 
ment of  .Agriculture. 


CIRCUMFILI  OF  THE  CECIDOMYIIDAE' 

These  peculiar  antennal  structures  are  what  have  been  more 
generally  known  as  arched  filaments.  They  were  first  discov- 
ered by  Targioni-Tozetti  in  1888  and  independently  observed 
by  Kieffer  in  1895.  They  are  most  highly  developed  in  the  male 
Diplosids  [fig.  43],  consisting  in  these  forms  of  nearly  homogeneous 
whorls  of  long,  looped  filaments  extending  around  the  en- 
largements* of  the  segments.  Each  loop  is  closely  fused  to  the 
base  of  its  fellow,  and  the  entire  whorl  presents  every  appear- 
ance of  being  one  structure.  This  peculiar  development  also 
occurs  in  female  Diplosids,  being  represented  in  this  sex  by 
slightly  elevated,  nearly  colorless  threads  supported  by  minute 
stalks.  There  is  usually,  in  this  sex,  a  circumfilum  near  the 
base  and  one  near  the  apex  of  the  enlargement  of  each  segment, 
the  two  being  connected  by  one  or  more  longitudinal  fili.  There 
is  very  rarely  a  connection  between  the  two  or  three  circumfili 
on  a  segment  in  the  male  Diplosid,  though  an  evidently  abnor- 
mal connection  of  this  character  has  been  observed  in  the  case 
of  the  male  II  o  r  m  o  m  y  i  a  a  m  e  r  i  c  a  n  a  Felt  [fig.  42] .  The 
homologous  character  of  these  apparently  different  structures  in 
the  two  sexes  is  confirmed  by  the  fact  that  in  the  male  Bremia 
[fig.  44]  the  basal  circumfilum  of  the  distal  enlargement  is  low 
and  exactly  like  that  of  the  female.  These  structures  occur  not 
only  in  the  Diplosids  but  also  in  practically  all  other  Ceci- 
domyiinae,  not  being  present,  so  far  as  known  to  us,  in  the 
Lestreminae.  The  genus  Lasioptera  has  these  structures  in  a 
very  simple  form,  they  being  in  both  sexes  merely  slightly  ele- 
vated threads  supported  by  slender  stalks  and  joined  on  at 
least  one  face  of  the  segment.  Rhabdophaga  and  its  allies  have 
a  similar  arrangement,  except  that  in  the  male  there  is  a  slight 
indication  of  greater  specialization,  and  the  same  is  practically 
true  of  Rhopalomyia.  The  most  striking  variations  on  some 
accounts  are  those  found  in  the  Asphondyliariae.  The  circum- 
fili in  the  male  Asphondylia  [fig.  38]  consists  of  a  more  or  less 
variable  series  of  extremely  tortuous,  slightly  elevated  threads 


*  Read  at  the  third  meeting  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  America  held 
at  Chicago,  III,  December  30,  31,  1907. 

305 


3o6  NEW    YORK   STATE   MUSEUM 

reaching  from  the  apex  of  the  segment  to  its  base,  usually  in 
the  form  of  two  more  or  less  well  defined  loops.  In  the  female, 
the  circumfili  girdle  the  segment  near  its  basal  fourth  and 
apically  and  are  united  on  one  face  by  a  longitudinal  filum. 
The  genus  Schizomyia  [fig.  39]  in  the  Asphondyliariae  is  nota- 
ble because  of  its  thicker,  more  elevated  and  more  strongly 
convolute  circumfili,  though  the  general  plan  is  similar  to  what 
obtains  in  Asphomlylia.  The  genus  Cincticornia  [fig.  41],  on 
the  contrary,  presents  remarkable  modifications,  in  that  the 
male  antennal  segment  may  be  girdled  by  10  or  more  low 
anastomosing  circumfili,  while  the  antennal  segment  of  the 
female  is  literally  inclosed  in  a  coarse  reticulation  of  these 
peculiar  structures.  Furthermore,  it  should  be  added  that  these 
strikingly  modified  circumfili  are  accompanied  by  marked  and 
relatively  constant  variations  in  other  organs.  The  male  Dip- 
losids,  as  noted  above,  present  the  maximum  development  in 
these  structures.  The  genus  Contarinia  [lig.  43].  for  example, 
is  more  easily  separated  from  other  genera  by  the  occurrence 
of  but  two  even  circumfili  in  the  male,  than  by  the  apparent 
uniformity  of  the  enlargements  of  the  antennal  segments.  The 
genera  Bremia  and  Aphidoletes  [fig.  44.  45]  arc  remarkable  in  that 
the  slender  circumfili  are  greatly  produced  on  one  side,  even 
to  a  length  equal  twice  that  of  the  entire  segment.  The  Epi- 
dosariae  show  considerable  variation  in  these  structures,  there 
being  a  marked  tendency  toward  the  production  of  long,  slender 
tips  at  the  apex  of  the  segment.  The  most  unique  type  is  found 
in  the  genus  Winnertzia  |  fig.  48],  in  which  the  circumfili  appear 
to  be  modified  to  form  horseshoelike  appendages,  one  on  each 
face  of  the  segment,  the  produced  free  ends  extending  beyond 
the  apex  of  the  enlarged  portion  of  the  segment. 

These  structures  appear  to  have  no  homologies  in  related 
groups,  unless  they  are  analogous  to  the  peculiar,  apparently 
fleshy  hypodcrnial  structures  protruding  from  relatively  large, 
symmetrically  placed  orifices  on  the  antennal  segments  of  the 
Campylomyzariae  [fig.  31]   and  of  certain  Chironomidae. 

The  origin  of  these  peculiar  structures  is  not  easy  to  deter- 
mine. Kieffcr,  several  years  ago,  suggested  lliat  they  might  be 
remnants  of  hypodcrnial  lamellae,  the  margins  of  which  had 
become  thickened  and  chitinized,  while  the  membranous  portion 
disappeared.  At  that  time  wc  accepted  his  theory  tentatively, 
as  we  had  nothing  better  to  oflfcr.     It  is  now  extremely  difficult 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  307 

to  hold  this  as  an  adequate  explanation  of  the  origin  of  these 
structures,  when  one  considers  the  very  tortuous  courses  taken 
by  these  fili  in  the  male  Asphondylia  for  example,  or  the  bizarre 
form  presented  in  Winnertzia.  Furthermore,  if  these  structures 
were  originally  the  thickened  margins  of  lamellae,  we  would 
expect  traces  of  a  membrane  in  some  of  the  lower  forms  such, 
for  example,  as  the  females  of  Dasyneura,  Rhabdophaga  and 
Lasioptera.  There  appears  to  be  no  trace  of  any  such  remnant, 
and  we  are  therefore  led  to  believe  that  these  organs  may  be 
hypodermal  structures  which,  through  a  process  of  development, 
have  migrated  from  the  interior  of  the  antennal  segment,  be- 
coming external,  and  thus  greatly  increased  their  value  as 
auditory  organs.  An  alternative  explanation  is  that  the  cir- 
cumfili  are  simply  specially  modified  setae  which  have  become, 
in  some  unknown  manner,  most  intimately  connected  one  with 
the  other. 

STUDIES  IN  CECIDOMYIIDAE  II 
The  following  matter  relating  to  the  Cecidomyiidae  represents 
only  a  small  portion  of  our  work  upon  this  group.  It  is  pub- 
'  lished  as  a  preliminary  contribution  to  the  classification  of  our 
American  forms.  The  tables  for  the  separation  of  the  major  groups, 
genera  and  species  have  been  sorely  needed  in  the  past,  and  will 
undoubtedly  have  a  most  important  influence  on  all  subsequent  work 
in  this  extremely  interesting  and  very  important  group. 

PRELIMINARY    KEYS   FOR   THE    RECOGNITION    OF    CER- 
TAIN   CECIDOMYIIDAE 

The  following  diagnoses  and  keys  should  prove  of  consider- 
able service  in  identifying  many  of  the  American  species  be- 
longing to  this  exceedingly  interesting  group.  They  are  to  be 
regarded  as  tentative,  since  it  has  been  impossible  for  us  to 
go  over  the  entire  material  in  a  thorough  manner,  and  further 
study  may  lead  to  considerable  modification  in  our  views. 

Keys  to  subfamilies  and  tribes 

a  Metatarsus   longer   than   the   following  segment ;    five  tarsal   segments   and 
at  least  four  long  veins 

h  Fourth   long  vein   present Subfamily  LESTREMITNAE 

c  Fourth  vein  forked Tribe  LESTREMIINARIAE 

cc  Fourth   vein   simple Tribe   CAMPY LOMYZARIAE 

aa  Metatarsus   usually   longer   than   the   following   segment ;    at   least   three 

long  veins '. Subfamily  HETEROPEZINAE 

aaa  Metatarsus  always  shorter  than  the  following  segment ;  wings  with  three 
or  four  long  veins Subfamily  CECIDOMYIINAE 


308  NEW    YORK    STATE   MUSEUM 

b  Third  vein  simple  at  base,  not  forked 

c  Costa  thickly  scaled,   third   vein  close  to  the  anterior   margin  of  the 

wing Tribe  LASIOPTERARIAE 

cc  Costa  rare  thickly  clothed  with  scales,  the  third  vein  well  separated 
therefrom 
d  Antennae  cyclindric,  never  binodose  in  the  male 

e  Claws  toothed Tribe  DASYNEURIARIAE 

ce  Claws  simple 

/  Antenna!    segments    cylindric   or    subcylindric,    not    elongated, 
usually  stalked  in  the  male.  .  Tribe  OLIGOTROPIIIARIAE 

ff  Antcnnal  segments  cylindric,  elongated  sessile 

Tribe  ASPHONDYUARIAE 

dd  Antennae  binodose  in  the  male Tribe  DIPLOSARIAE 

bb  Third  vein   forked  at  the  base,  apparently  arising  in  most  species  di- 
rectly from  subcosta Tribe  EPIDOSARIAE 

i.kstremiinae: 

The  Lcstremiinac  are  easily  recognized  by  the  metatarsus  being 
distinctly  longer  than  the  following  segments,  and  by  the  pres- 
ence of  five  tarsal  segments  and  at  least  four  long  veins. 

LESTREMIINARIAE 
This  tribe  is  easily  distinguished   from  tlie  following  by  the  dis- 
tinctly forke;!  fourth  vein  1 1)1.  33,  fig.  1-3]. 

Key  to  genera 

a  Costa  continuous  and  extending  beyond  the  apex  of  the  wing 

Catocha  Hal. 
aa  Costa    not    attaining    the    apex    of   the    wing,    practically    disappearing    at 
its  union  with  the  3d  vein 

b  Antennae  greatly  reduced;  8  to  9  segments  in  the  male,  the  2d  greatly 
enlarged;  in  the  female  10  short  segments,  the  2d  somewhat  enlarged 

Microccrata  n.  g. 

(Type     M  i  c  r  o  m  y  i  a    c  o  r  n  i     Felt,  C.  459) 

bb  Antennae  not' greatly  reduced;  male  with   16,  female  with  ll  antenna! 

segments Lcstremia  Macq. 

CATOCHA 

Members  of  this  genus  arc  easily  recogni/ed  by  the  costa  being 
continuous  and  exf ending  beyond  \hv  a|iex  of  the  wing,  wliere  it 
is  joined  by  the  lliir<l  vein;  the  foiuth  vein  is  forked,  the  cell 
usually  i)eing  distinctly  shorter  than  in  Lestrcmia.  'Hie  antennae 
differ  greatly  froiu  those  of  Lestremia.  being  in  the  male  of  C. 
americana  [fig.  20]  distinctly  binodose,  while  in  the  case  of 
C  .   s  1  o  s  s  o  n  a  c   the  basal  enlargement  is  distinctly  prolonged  and 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


309 


provided  with  several  whorls  of  setae.     The  genitalia  are  also  of  a 
different  type. 

Nothing  is  known  concerning  the  life  history  of  American  forms. 
Kieffer  states  that  the  larvae  of  the  European  C.  muscicola 
Kieff.  occur  on  mosses.  It  is  probable  that  these  forms  are  sylvan 
as  in  tlic  case  of  Lestremia  and  allied  genera. 

Key  to  species 

a  Length  4  mm  ;  antcnn;ie  binodosc   a  m  e  r  i  c  a  n  a    n.   sp.,  C.  929 

aa  Length  1.5  mm ;  antennae  not  binodose slossonae    n.  sp.,  C.  931 


Catocha     americana 
larged.      (Original) 


6th  antennal  segment  of  male,  much  en- 


MICROCERATA    n.    g. 

This  genus  has  been  erected  to  include  several  forms  remarkable 
because  of  the  greatly  reduced  male  antennae.  These  organs  are 
composed  of  but  8  to  9  short  segments,  the  second  being  greatly 
enlarged  and  in  general  appearance  much  resembling  those  of  the 
Campylomyzine  genus  M  i  c  r  o  m  y  i  a  .  The  genitalia  also  differ 
frotn  those  of  Lestremia.  The  female,  which  we  have  provisionally 
associated  with  the  above  mentioned  male,  has  very  small  antennae 
composed  of  10  short  joints,  the  second  being  somcwliat  enlarged. 


3IO  NEW    YORK    STATE   MUSEUM 

The  form  described,  M  .  p  e  r  p  1  e  x  a  ,  appears  to  be  closely  re- 
lated to  M  .  dierv  iliac  Felt,  aiul  it  is  possible  that  it  is  the 
female  of  this  species. 

Key  to  species 
a  Antenna!  segments  8 

&  4th   palpal   segment    more   tlian    twice   the   Icngtli    of   the   3d;    harpes 

broadly  rounded  apically   j  o  h  11  s  o  n  i    n.  sp.,  C.  8c2 

hb  4th  palpal  segment  nearly  twice  the  length  of  tlic  3<1 ;  liarpes  subacute 

apically c  o  c  k  e  r  e  1  1  i    n.  sp.,  C.  932 

na  Antennal  segments  9 

b  Subcosta  uniting  witli  the  margin  before  the  liasal  half;  wings  small. 

narrow    (  M  i  c  r  o  m  y  i  a)    c  o  r  n  i  Felt,  C.  459 

bb  Subcosta    uniting   with   the    margin    at    the   basal    half;    wings    rather 

large,  broad   ( M  i  c  r  o  m  y  i  a)    d  i  e  r  v  i  1  1  a  e    Felt,  C.  490 

acid  Antennal  segments  lO 

b  Length   1.5  mm;  body  dark  brown perplexa  n.   sp. 

LESTREMIA    Macq. 

This  genus  is  easily  recognized  by  the  characteristic  fork  of  the 
fourth  vein,  by  costa  not  attaining  the  apc.x  of  the  wing  and  by 
the  antennae  being  well  developed,  those  of  the  male  having  16 
and  those  of  the  female  ir  segment^.  The  segments  of  the  female 
antennae  are  short,  subcylindric  or  subcouical  and  in  some  species 
at  least,  ornamented  distally  with  thick  rows  of  short,  stout,  chiti- 
noiis,  sensory  processes.  The  male  antcmiae  are  composed  of  16 
segments,  which  latter  are  provided  with  a  dislitict  stem  nearly  as 
long  or  longer  than  the  basal  enlargemiiit,  wliich  in  ttini  is  orna- 
mented by  OIK-  or  more  cremilatc  wh<ii-ls  t'rom  the  base  <>f  which 
arise  long,  curved  setae.     The  genitalia  are  \iTy  characteristic. 

Nothing  is  known  concerning  the  life  historv  and  habits  of  mem- 
bers of  this  genus,  aside  from  the  fact  that  they  art-  most  al)un<lant 
in  the  vicinity  of  forests.  Kieffer  states  that  the  luu-opean  I.. 
1  e  u  c  o  p  h  a  e  a  Meig.  occurs  in  decaying  beech  wood  and  it  is  very 
probable  that  our  American  forms  breed  largely  in  rotting  ligneous 
tissues. 

Key  to  species 
a  .Antennal  segments  tl;  females 
h  .'\brlf)men  reddish  brown 
c  Scutellum   dark   brown;   basal   segment  of  ovipositor  with   a   length 
fully  twice  its  width;   terminal   segment   small,  narrowly  oval  and 

distinctly    shorter    than    the    basal    segment 

c  1  o  n  g  a  t  a   n.   sp..   C.   Q.^3 
cc  Sculellum    yellowish    brown;    basal    segment    of    ovipositor    broadly 
triangular,  its  length  not  more  than  J/^  greater  than  its  width;  ter- 
minal segment  nearly  as  long  as  the  basal  one,  narrowly  oval 

b  a  r  b  e  r  i    n.  sp.,  C.  934 


REPORT   OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  3II 

bb  Abdomen  fuscous  yellowish 
c  Length  3  mm 

d  Terminal  segment  of  ovipositor  orbicular;  claws  minutely  dentic- 
ulate    ( C  a  t  o  c  h  a)    s  y  1  v  e  s  t  r  i  s    Felt,    ai642 

cc  Length  1.5  mm 

d  4th  palpal   segment    ^4   lunger  liian   the  3d;   basal   segment   of  the 

ovipositor    1-2    longer   than   broad    (Catocha) 

s  a  m  b  u  c  i   Felt,  C.  743 
dd  4th  palpal  segment  twice  the  length  of  the  3d;  basal  segment  of 
ovipositor  a  little  longer  than  broad. k  a  n  s  e  n  s  i  s    n.  sp.,  C1261 
ja  16  antennal  segments ;  males 

b  Stems   of  antennal   segments   -/i  or   M   the   length  of   the  subcylindric 
basal  enlargement 
c  Dorsal    plate    short,    broad,    triangularly    emarginate,     the  four  palp 

segments    successively   longer pini   Felt,    C.   562 

cc  Dorsal  plate  broad,  tapering,  roundly  emarginate,  the  3d  and  4th  palp 
segments    not    Icnger    tlian    the   preceding     (Campylomyza) 

ac  e  r  i  f  ol  i  a    Felt,  C.  71 
bb  Stems  of  antennal  segments  as  long  as  the  basal  enlargement 

c  Basal  clasp   segment  with  a  conspicuous  setose  basal  lobe  internally 
(Catocha)      solidaginis     Felt,   C.   700,  633,  691 
cc  Basal  clasp  segment  with  no  well  developed  basal  lobe  internally 
d  4th  palpal  segment  as  long  as  the  3d 

c  Scutellum  fuscous  yellowish  ;   dorsal  plate  not  convolute,  nearly 

truncate   dislally setosa    n.   sp.,   Sc.  22 

dd  4th  palpal  segment  yi  longer  than  the  3d 

e  Abdomen  dark  brown ;  scutellum  reddish  brown ;  dorsal  plate 
convolute,  broadly  rounded  distally  and  margined  posteriorly 
with  moderate  setae  (Catocha)..spiraeina  Felt,  C.  274 
ce  Abdomen  dark  yellowish  brown;  scutellum  yellowish  brown; 
dorsal  plate  obliquely  truncate  distally  and  margined  poste- 
riorly with  stout,  divergent  setae.,  f  ranconiae  n.  sp.,  C.  930 
bbb  Antennal  stem  %  longer  than  the  basal  enlargement 

t-  Abdomen  dark  reddish  brown ;  scutellum  yellowish  brown ;  basal 
enlargement  of  antenna  with  two  crenulate  whorls  and  with  a 
length  about  twice  its  diameter ;  terminal  clasp  segment  bidentate 

apically d  y  a  r  i    n.  sp.,  C.  935 

cc  Abdomen  dark  brown;  scutellum  dark  reddish  brown;  basal  enlarge- 
ment of  antenna  with  one  crenulate  whorl  and  with  a  length  a 
little  greater  than  its  diameter;  terminal  clasp  segment  acute  dis- 
tally  V  e  r  n  a  1  i  s    n.   sp.,  C.   1260 

CAMPYLOMYZARL\E 
Members  of  this  grotip  are  easily  distinguished  from  the  Lestre- 
miinariae  by  the  simple  character  of  the  fotirth  vein  [pi.  33,  fig. 
4'  5'  7]-  ^^  recognize  at  present  the  two  genera  Joanissia  and 
Campylomyza,  though  the  latter  comprises  a  number  of  divergent 
forms  which  should  probably  be  referred  to  different  genera. 


3T2 


NEW    YORK    STATE   MUSEUM 


Key  to  genera 

a  Antennal  segments  globose  with  a  smooth   stem   distally  and  ornamented 
only  with  whorls  of  long  hairs.     The  3d  vein  is  well  separated  from 

costa  and  unites  with  the  margin  at   or  beyond  the  apex 

Joanissia  KicfF. 

aa  Antennae  variable,   frequently  with  crenulate  whorls  :\nA  subapically  with 

variously   formed   chitinous    structures ;    ihe   3d   vein    uniting   with   the 

margin  before  or  near  the  apex Campylomyza  Meig. 


JOANISSIA    Kicff. 

This  genus  presents  a  very  cliaracleristic  form  and  is  easily  sepa- 
rated from  all  other  Cecitlomyiids.  The  anteimae  in  b(jth  sexes  are 
composed  of  a  mimlKr  of  segments,  each  consisting  of  a  stibglobu- 


FifT.    ^o      Joanissia    photophila  Felt,  sth  and   loth  antennal  segments  of  male  • 
much  enlarged.      (Original) 

lar  basal  enlargement  ornamented  only  with  irregular  whorls  ot 
shiij)]e  setae  and  a  smooth,  cylindric  stem  (hNlally  [fig.  30].  The 
male  has  14  and  the  female  1  I  antennal  segmenls.  'Jhe  palpi  are 
tri  <ir  <|uadriartienl;i1e.  The  xeiialiim  of  the  wing  is  \rry  eliarac- 
teristic,  as  the  third  vein  is  well  separate  1  from  costa,  runs  nearly 
parallel  thirelo  ruid  unites  with  the  margin  al  or  well  beyond  the 
a])ex  ;  the   fourth  vein  is  simple. 

Nf»thing  is  known  concerning  the  life  history  of  our  native  forms, 
though  Kieffer  has  recorded  the  rearing  of  several  European 
species  from  decaying  wood,  from  tufts  of  moss  ;ind  also  from  a 
luold  covering  a  ftmgus.  It  is  very  ])rol)al)Ie  thai  our  .American 
forms  live  under  similar  conditions,  parlindarly  as  they  seem  most 
abundant  in  the  vicinity  of  forests  or  other  conditions  where  decay- 
ing vegetable  matter  is  present  in  sonu'  abmnlaiue. 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


313 


Key  to  species 

a  14  antennal  segments,  males 
b  Legs  thickly  haired 

c  Postscutellum   reddish   brown 

(Campylomyza)    photophila   Felt,  C.  747,  748,  753,  472 

cc  Postscutellum  fuscous  yellowish flavoscuta    n.  sp.,  C.  653 

bb  Legs  sparsely  haired 

(Campylomyza)    carolinae  Felt,  C.  aiGig 
00  II  antenna!  segments,  females 

&  Abdomen  dark  brown,  unicolorous ;   palpi   triarticulate 

flavopedalis    n.  sp.,  C.  687 

bb  Abdomen   dark   reddish   brown,   fuscous   distally;    palpi   quadriarticu- 

late (Campylomyza)    carolinae    Felt,  ai6i9 

CAMPYLOMYZA     Mcig. 

We  have  deemed  it  advisable  to  include  under  this  name,  for  the 
present  at  least,  all  those  forms  not  referable  to  Joanissia  Kiefif., 


Fig.  31     Campylomyza  lignivora 
much  enlarged.      (Original) 


Felt,  sth  and  6th  antennal  segments  of  female. 


despite  the   fact  that  the  species  can  evidently  be  broken  up  into 
groups,  some  of  which  should  be  accorded  generic  value. 


Key  to  species 
0  II  antennal  segments 

b  Antennal  segments  with  tlie  stem   %   longer  than  the  basal  enlarge- 
ment  flavoscuta   Felt,  C.  117 

bb  Antennal  stem  very  short,  the  segments  subsessile,  females 
c  Subcosta  uniting  with  the  margin   at  the  distal  third 

d  Abdomen   fuscous  yellowish,  unicolorous;  antennal  segments 

stout,  short  haired  bryanti    n.  sp.,  C.  796 

dd  Abdomen   fuscous   yellowish,   reddish   basally;   antennal   seg- 
ments rather  slender,  long  haired 

sylvestris  Felt,  C.  ai620 
ddd  Abdomen  reddish  brown ;  antennal  segments  stout  with  sub- 
apical  whorls  of  stout,  chitinous  spines..  1  u  nan.  sp.,  C.  547 


314  NEW    YORK   STATE   MUSEUM 

cc  Subcosta  uniting  with  the  margin  at  the  basal  half 

d  Mesonotum  dark  brown;   scutellum  dark  reddish  brown 

brevicornis    Felt,  C.  7^5.  756,  882,  1229 
ccc  Subcosta  uniting  witli  the  margin  at  the  basal  3d ;  abdomen  fus- 
cous  yellowish;    antcnnal    segments   stout,   with   stemmed   disks 

g  i  1 1  c  t  t  i    n.  sp.,  C.  1239a 
aa  12  antennal  segments,  females 

b  Scutellum  pale  reddish  yellow ;  abdomen  pale  fuscous  yellow ;  anten- 
nae with  stemmed  disks toxicodendri    Felt,  C.   122 

bb  Scutellum  reddish  brown;  abdomen  fuscous  yellowish;  antennal  seg- 
ments  with   curved,   chitinous   spines  subapically 

versicolor    n.  sp.,  C.  617 

bbb  Scuttllum    dark    l)rown ;    abdomen   dark   fuscous   yellowish;   antennal 

segments  with  a  subapical  chitinous  collar 

c  Chitinous    collar    on    antennal    segments    apparently    incised ;    3d 

palpal   segment   narrowly   oval,   with    a    length    about   twice   its 

diameter d  0  f  e  c  t  i  v  a    n.  sp.,  C.  715 

cc  Chitinous    collar    on    antennal    segments    liea\  y,    not    incised ;    3d 
palpal  segment  slender 
d  Wings  long,  narrow  ;  4th  palpal  segnieni  twice  the  length  of 

the  3d,  greatly  dilated   s  i  1  v  a  n  a    n.  sp.,  C.  883 

dd  Wings  medium;  4th  palpal  segment  witli  a  length  Yz  greater 

tlian   tlie  ^d    simulator    n.   sp.,   C.  885 

Ibbb  Scutellum   and   alxlonien    dark   l)ro\vn ;   anttunai    scgnients   witli   stout, 

chitinous   spines   suijapically kasloensis   n.   sp.,   C.   881 

aaa  13  antennal  segments 

b  Antennal  segments   with  a  distinct   stem  and  witli  crenulate  chitinous 

whorls ;  male v  i  t  i  n  c  a    Felt,  C.  759 

bb  Antennal  segments  siibsessile.  witli  no  distinct  stem;  crenulate  whorls 
absent;  females 

c  Antennal  segments  with  a  llaring  chitincus  collar  subapically 
d  Wings  long,  slender 

e  5th  tarsal   segment  on   posterior  legs  with   a  lengtli   fully 
iK'    to   twice    the   diameter;    terminal   segment   of   ovi- 

[jositor  somewhat  produced,  broadly  oval 

t  s  u  g  a  e    l'>It,  C.  166 

cc  5th   tarsal   segment   (  11   jxisterior   legs   witli   a   length  2  to 

2j^  times  the  diameter;  terminal  signunt   of  ovipositor 

suhorbicular    b  o  11  1  d  e  r  i    n.   sp.,  C.  886 

dd  Wings  bn  ad  ;  length  2.5  mm,  abdmnen  dark  reddish  brown.. 

1  a  t  i  p  c  n  n  i  s  n.  sp.,  C.  a  1457 

cc  Antennal   segments  witliout   subapical  chitinous  collar;   scutellum 

dark  reddish  I)rown   I  o  11  g  i  p  e  n  n  i  s    n.  sp.,  C.  73i 

(1(1(1(1   15   antennal    segments;    each    witli    tlie    stem    li    longer   than    the   basal 
enlargement ;  males 

b  Mesonotum  black ;  abdomen  dark  brown c  a  r  p  i  n  i    Felt,  C.  107 

aaaad   16  antennal   segments;   each   with   the  stem   J/?   the   length  of  the  sub- 
cylindric  basal  enlargement ;   males 

c  Mesonotum   black;   abdomen   dark   brown 

11  g  n  i  V  o  r  a  Felt,  C.  ai6i4 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  3T5 

aaaaaa  20  or  more  antcnnal  segments;  stemmed  disks  present;  females 

b  21  antennal  segments  ;  gland  orifices  on  7th  abdominal  segment  irumpet- 

shaped lignivora  Felt,  C.  ai6i4 

bb  22  antennal  segments ;  gland  orifices  on  7th  abdominal  segment  sub- 
globular  a  r  t  i  c  u  1  o  s  a    n.  sp.,  C.  884 

aaaaaaa  14  antennal  segments 

b  Antennal  segments  subsessile,  stem  only  ]/4   or  J/3   the  length  of  the 
subcylindric  basal  enlargement 
c  Abdomen    fuscous    yellowisli ;    mcsonotum    reddish    brown ;    sub- 

costa  uniting  with  the  margin  near  the  middle 

pinicorticis    n.    sp.,    C.    799 
cc  Abdomen  reddish  or  dark  brown 

d  Subcosta  uniting  with   the  margin  at  the  distal  third 

g  r  a  m  i  n  e  a     Felt,    C.    5 
dd  Subcosta  uniting  with  the  margin  at  the  basal  half 

e  Enlargement  of  the  antennal  segment  with  a  length   14 

greater  than  its  diameter  and  bearing  6  whorls  of  short, 

stout,  obtuse  setae ;  palpi  stout . .  h  i  r  s  u  t  a      n.  sp.,  C.  729 

ee  Enlargement    of    antennal    segment    with    a    length    ^ 

greater  than  its  diameter  and  bearing  5  whorls  of  short, 

stout,  obtuse  setae;  palpi  slender,  .c  u  r  r  e  i  n.  sp.,  C.  881  a 

ddd  Subcosta  uniting  with  the  margin  at  the  basal  3d 

e  Terminal  clasp  segment  swollen  at  the  distal  3d ;  abdomen 

dark  brown  or  black 1  e  g  u  m  i  n  i  c  o  1  a    Felt,  C.  121 

bb  Antennal   segments   with   the  stem   about   Yz   the   length   of  the  sub- 
cylindric basal  enlargement 

c  Abdomen  dark  brown populi    Felt,    C.   115 

cc  Abdomen  j^ellowish 

d  Antennal    segments    asymmetrical,    the    middle   claw    denticu- 
late  p  r  o  d  u  c  t  a    n.  sp.,  C.  726 

dd  Antennal  segments  symmetrical pomi  folia,    3379 

bbb  Antcnnal   segments  with  a   smooth   stem  about   ^  the  length   of  the 
subcylindric  basal  enlargement ;  males 
c  Terminal  clasp  segment  short,  stout,  pulvilli  present 

d  Terminal  clasp  segment  greatly  swollen  near  the  middle,  the 

4th  palpal  segment  slender,  twice  as  long  as  the  preceding 

pomiflorae    Felt,  C.  12 

dd  Terminal  clasp  segment  short,  greatly  swollen  near  the  distal 

3d,   the  4th    palpal   segment   slender,  twice  as  long  as  the 

preceding balsamicola    Felt,  C.   145 

ddd  Terminal   clasp   segment   moderately  swollen   near  the  distal 

3d,  4th  palpal  segment  14  longer  than  the  3d 

karnerenis    Felt,  C.  29 
dddd  Terminal  clasp  segment  moderately  swollen  near  the  middle, 
the  4th  palpal  segment  about  twice  the  length  of  the 
preceding 

e  Wings  narrow hesperia  n.  sp.,  C.  714 

ee  Wings    broad 1  a  t  i  p  e  n  n  i  s   n.   sp.,    C.   ai457 

cc  Terminal  clasp  segment  prolonged,  swollen  and  broadly  rounded 
distally  and  with  a  distinct  stem  basally;  pulvilli  present 


3l6  NEW    YORK    STATE   MUSEUM 

d  Basal  enlargement  of  the  antcnnal  segments  with  a  length 
about  1/2  greater  than  its  diameter;  the  4th  palpal  segment 

Vz  longer  than  the  3d b  a  r  1  o  w  i    n.  sp.,  C.  798 

ccc  Terminal  clasp  segment  long,  more  or  less  flattened,  not  roundly 

swollen ;  pulvilli  absent 

d  Basal    enlargement    of   the   antcnnal   segment   with   a   length 

fully  twice  its  diameter ;  the  4th  palpal  segment  twice  the 

length  of  the  3d,  the  base  of  the  terminal  clasp  segment 

not  greatly  flattened  and  dilated cerasi    Felt,  C.  18 

dd  Basal  enlargement  of  the  antennal  segment  probably  with  a 
length  not  more  than  yi  greater  than  its  diameter;  the  4th 
palpal  segment  only  14  longer  than  the  3d ;  terminal  clasp 

segment  broad  at   base,   strongly   flattened 

g  i  b  b  0  s  a    Felt,  C.  162 
bbb  Antennal    segments    with    a    smooth    stem    fully    %    longer   than    the 
basal  enlargement ;  males 
c  Terminal   clasp    segment    stout,    elongate,    ovoid;    palpi   quadriar- 

ticula^te modesta    Felt,  C.  147 

cc  Terminal   clasp   segment   stout,   produced,  not  dilated ;   palpi  tri- 

articulate texana    n.    sp.,    C.    1258 

ccc  Terminal    clasp    segment    much    produced;    palpi    quadriarticu- 

late tuckeri   n.  sp.,  C.    1259 

cccc  Terminal    clasp    segment    greatly    dilated,    subtriangular    in    out- 
line  dilatata     Felt,    C.    1109 

HETEROPEZIXAE 
This  subfamily  comprises  a  few  peculiar  forms.  The  metatarsus 
is  usually  lonf^cr  than  the  following  segment  and  there  arc  at  most 
three  long  veins.  The  ocelli  are  wanting  and  the  second  tarsal 
segment  is  somewhat  shorter  than  the  first.  The  American  repre- 
sentatives oi  this  group  may  he  separated  hy  the  following  table. 

Key  to  genera 

0  Wing;  membrane  fmely   haired,  tjic  Inng  veins  simple 

b  Tarsi    quadriarticulate,    tiic   metatarsus    lunger    than    the   second   seg- 
ment   Miastor  Mein. 

bb  Tarsi  I)iarticula1c,  the  nutalarsus  slmrter  than  the  second  segment... 

Oligarccs  Mein. 
aa  Wing;  membrane  thickly  scaled 

b  Three  simple  long  veins,  tiie  tarsi  5  segmented Bracliyneura  Rond. 

Miastor  Mein. 

r.ut  one  .American  representative  of  this  genus,  M.  a  m  e  r  i  c  a  n  a 
h'elt,  is  known.  This  species  was  taken  at  TTighland,  \.  Y..  on 
either  Ix'ech  or  chestnut  leaves. 


REPORT   OF    THE    STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  317 

Oligarces  Mein. 
Only    one    American     representative     is    known ;    namely,     O  . 
n  o  V  e  b  o  r  a  c  e  n  s  i  s    Felt.     This  sjiccies  was  taken  in  July  and 
presumably  bred  from  material  brought  into  the  office. 

Brachyneura  Rond. 

This  peculiar  genus  is  easily  separated  from  Lasioptera,  which 
it  closely  resembles  in  a  general  way,  by  the  densely  scaled  fuscous 
wings  [pi.  2^,  fig.  6]. 

Two  American  species  of  Brachyneura  have  been  reared.  One, 
B.  e  u  p  a  t  o  r  i  i ,  was  bred  presumably  from  an  oval  swelling  on 
E  u  p  a  t  o  r  i  u  m  p  e  r  f  o  1  i  a  t  u  m.  The  other  species,  B.  v  i  t  i  s 
was  reared  from  a  jar  containing  the  familiar  Lasioptera 
V  i  t  s  galls  on  grape  and  presumably  came  from  this  plant. 

Key  to  species 

a  5th   antennal    segment    with    a    length    twice   its   diameter ;    scutellum   yel- 
lowish 
b  Antennae  composed  of  12  segments ;   femora  and  tibia  silvery  grey. 

Bred    from    boneset,    Eupatorium     perfoliatum 

eupatorii   n.  sp.,  C  ai349 
bb  Antennae   composed   of  11    segments,   femora  and  tibiae  dark  brown 

v  i  t  i  s    n.  sp.,   C.  aii65d 

aa  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  3  times  its  diameter,  scutellum  black, 

legs  uniform  fuscous  or  black americana    Felt,  C.  734 

LASIOPTERARIAE 
This  group  presents  a  very  characteristic  appearance  as  the 
adults  are  almost  invariably  a  dark  brown  and  more  or  less  orna- 
mented with  silvery  white.  The  antennal  segments  are  cylindric, 
sessile  and  vary  greatly  in  number.  The  wings  have  the  anterior 
margin  thickly  scaled  and  the  first  two  long  veins  are  very  close  to 
the  anterior  border,  except  in  the  somewhat  aberrant  genus  Trot- 
teria,  and  to  a  less  extent  in  the  peculiar  Catnptoneuromyia.  A  large 
proportion  of  the  species  breed  in  stem  galls  on  woody  or  her- 
baceous plants,  though  the  genus  Baldratia  exhibits  a  marked  pref- 
erence for  the  characteristic  blister  galls  of  certain  compositae.  The 
one  Camptoneuromyia  reared,  C  .  a  d  h  e  s  a  Felt,  breeds  in  ovate 
galls  between  adherent  leaves  of  Solidago  canadensis  or 
S.  serotina  and  also  in  a  loose  apical  bud  gall.  The  latter 
may  possibly  be  only  a  modified  form  of  the  more  common  ad- 
herent gall.  The  last  nained  is  also  inhabited  by  Asphondylia 
m  o  n  a  c  h  a  O.  S.  The  transformations  in  this  group  appear 
to  occur  invariably  in  the  tissues  of  the  host  plant. 


3l8  NEW    YORK    STATE   MUSEUM 

HOST    PLANTS   AKD    GALLS    OF    LASIOPTERARIAE 

Achillea  millefolium    (yarrow) 

Flowers  apparently  unaffected  ....Clinorhyncha  millefolii,    C.  1236 

Asclepias 

A.    incarnata.      A  slight  swelling  at  the  bases  of  the  leaves  

Neolasioptera    asclepiae,    C.    31401 

Aster 
Blister  galls 

A.  paniculata 

Oval,    yellowish    or    brownish 

Baldratia    paniculata,    C.  757,    31167 
A  .  1  a  e  V  i  s 

Oval,  whitish Baldratia   Iaevi3n3,  C.  31287 

Small,    yellowish Baldrstia    fl3vomaculata,    C.   313613 

Yellowish  white,  dark  margined 

Baldratia    fuscoanulats,    C.  31550,  31662 

Purplish  white  blister  gall 

Baldratia    asterifoliae,    €.31594 
Stem  or  branch  galls 

Pustulate   gall    on   stem. . .  .B  3  1  d  r  3  t  i  3     pustulata,     C.    31520 

Fusiform  g3ll  on  branch 

Neolasioptera    r  a  ni  u  s  c  u  1  a  ,    C.  31361,  31397,  31500 

Fusiform   stem   gall   on    Diplopappus    cornifolius 

Neolasioptera    a  1  b  i  t  a  r  s  i  s  ,    C.  31379,  31477 

Atriplex   canescens 

Irregular    fusiform   twig  gall.  .  .L  a  s  i  o  p  t  c  r  a    w  i  1  1  i  s  t  o  n  i  ,     C.     31807 

Carya  ("hickory) 
Captured T  r  o  t  t  c  r  i  a     c  a  r  y  a  c  ,  C.   :i3\ 

Corylus      (hazel) 

Captured    Neolasioptera    h  a  in  a  m  c  1  i  d  i  s  ,    C.   181 

Captured    Neolasioptera     b  a  s  a  1  i  s  ,    C.  739 

Celastrus    (bittersweet) 
Captured    Neolasioptera    c  e  I  a  s  t  r  i  ,    C.  598 

Clematis 

Ovipositing    Neolasioptera    c  1  e  m  a  t  i  d  i  s  ,    C.   315963 

Convolvulus   sepium 
Fusiform  stem   g«ll    L  a  s  i  n  p  l  c  r  a    c  o  n  v  o  1  v  u  I  i  ,    C.  31465 

Cornus  paniculata   (dogwood) 
Yellowish,    pur[)lc    margined    blister   gall .  .L  a  s  i  o  p  t  e  r  a      c  o  r  n  i  ,    C.    764, 

31151 


KEl'UKT   UF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  3I9 

Cornus   stolonifera 

Irregular  subcortical  gall    X  c  o  1  a  s  i  o  p  t  c  r  a    c  o  rn  i  c  o  1  a  ,    31423 

Crataegus   (thorn) 
Purplish  blistorlikc  mine Lasioptera    excavata,    C.   31576 

Diervilla  trifida    (honeysuckle) 
Bred  fmni  apparentl}-  normal  twig.  .Lasioptera   c  a  u  1  i  c  o  1  a  ,  C.  314693 

Desmodium  (tick  trefoil) 
Irregular   stem   gall Lasioptera   desmodii,    C.   88,   31091,   31376 

Diplopappus   cornifolius 

Oval  stem  gall Neolasioptera    albitarsis,    C.  31379,  ^^477 

Ephedra  trifurca 
Irregular    subcorticsl   gall Lasioptera     ephedricols 

Erigeron   (horseweed) 

Apparently  normal  leaf,  and  possibly  a  fusiform  bud  gall 

Baldratia    modesta,  C.  31427,  31666a 

Fusi  f orm  stem  gsll 

Neolasioptera    erigcrontis,    C.  314723,  31666 

Eupatorium  perfoliatum  (boneset) 

Oval  stem  gall  Neolasioptera    perfoliata,    C.  Iioi 

Bred  from  3pp3rently  normal  flowers 

C  1  i  n  o  r  h  y  n  c  h  a     e  u  p  a  t  o  r  i  f  1  o  r  a  e ,   C.   31689 

Eupatorium  ageratoides 

Subglobular  stem  gall   Neolasioptera    e  u  p  a  t  o  r  i  i  ,    C.  31413 

Filicis   (fern) 
Captured C  1  i  n  o  r  h  y  n  c  h  u  s      filicis,    C.    386 

Fraxinus  (ash) 

Bred   from  jar  containing  subglobular   leaf  galls 

Lasioptera    fraxinifolia,    C.  ai546a 

Grass 

Captured Baldratia    squamosa,   C.  909 

Fusiform  stem  gall Baldratia    m  u  h  1  e  n  b  e  r  g  i  a  c  ,  C.  770.  1206 

Helianthus 
Bred   from   fusiform  stem  gall    Lasioptera    weldi,    C.  31816 

Helianthus  strumosus 

Bred  from  unrecognized  gall 

Neolasioptera    helianthi,    C.  ai7i8x 


320  NEW    YORK    STATE   MUSEUM 

Hibiscus  moescheutos   (swamp  rose  mallow) 
Swollen  steins  Xeolasioptera    hibisci,    C.  ai4io 

Humulus  (hop) 
Swollen  stems Lasioptera     humulicaulis,    C.    31446 

Ilex   (black  alder) 
Captured Lasioptera    cinerea,  C.  "3 

Impatiens  (snapdragon) 
Tumid  leaf  fold  gall Lasioptera     impatientifolia,  C.  aii66 

Lactuca    (milkweed) 
I rregular  stem  gall Lasioptera     lactucac,    C.    489,    1 102 

Lindera    (spicebush) 
Irregular  subcortical  gall Lasioptera    linderae,    C.    31417 

Liriodendron  (tulip) 
Captured  Xeolasioptera    liriodendri,    C.  291 

Lycopus   (bugleweed) 

Fusiform  stem  gall Lasioptera    mitchellae,  C.  31369 

P'usiform  stem  gall   Lasioptera    lycopi,    C.  31348 

Mimulus   glutinosus 
Stem  gall   N  e  o  1  a  s  i  o  p  t  c  r  a    111  i  ni  u  1  i ,    C.  1052 

Panicum  macrocarpum 

AIkiiiI   1m  Mvi[irivit   ill  ^trin Lasioptera    panici,    C.    403 

Pinus   (pine) 
Captured  N  e  o  I  a  s  i  o  p  t  c  r  a    f  I  a  v  o  v  e  n  t  r  i  s  ,    C.  478,  480 

Prunus   (cherry) 

Captured    Xeolasioptera    s  c  x  111  a  c  u  I  a  t  a  ,    C.  265   ?  589 

Capture.!  on  chokecherry La  s  i  o  p  t  e  r  a    s  e  r  o  t  i  n  a  ,  C.  79 

Rudbeckia  laciniata 

Bred   from  unrecognized  ^311 Lasioptera     rudbeckiac    C.  a  1097b 

Quercus    (oak) 

Bred  from  flowers   Lasioptera    qucriciflorae,    C.  900 

Captured  on  scrub  oak T  r  o  1 1  c  r  i  a    1  a  r  s  a  t  a  ,  C.  667 

Captured Lasioptera     q  u  c  r  c  i  n  a  ,    C.    96 

Subcortical  twig  gall Lasioptera    querciperda,    C.    1054 


I 


REPORT  OF   THE    STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  32 1 

Rubus    (blackberry) 

Warty  pruiiiose  leaf  gall Lasioptera  farinosa,  C.  3.1343 

Irregular  subcortical  stem  gall Lasioptera    nodulosa,  C.   31421 

Salix  (willow) 
Captured Clinorhyncha    karncrensis,     C.  488 

Sambucus   (elder) 
Irregular  subcortical  gall  Neolasioptera    sambuci,    C.  31404 

Senecio  arizonensis 
Irregular  stem  gall Lasioptera    arizonensis,   C.   1062 

Silene   (bouncing  bet) 
Captured Lasioptera    juvenalis,    C.    703 

Solanum  carolinense 
Irregular  spiny  stem  gall   Neolasioptera    solani,    C.  903 

Solidago   (goldenrod) 
Bud  galls 

Apical,  convolute Baldratia    convoluta,    C.    31307 

Apical    bud   galls    on    Euthamia   lanceolata 

Lasioptera    flavescens,    C.  ais83b 
Blister  galls 

Oval,   yellowish Baldratia   social  is,   C.   31568! 

B.  flavo3nulata,  C.  ais68k 
B .  rubra,  C.  1067 

Lunate,  yellowish Baldratia    flavolunata,  C.  31430 

Oval,  black,  on  Euthamia  lanceolata 

Baldratia   carbonifera,    C.  31354 

Grayish  brown,  blue  margined,  on  S  .    s  q  v.  a  r  r  0  s  a 

Baldratia   asterifoliae,    0.31594 
Rosy  blister  galls  onS.    rugos  a.. ..Baldratia    rosea,    C.  31474 

Variegated  blister  gall    Baldratia    rubra,    C.    650,31586 

Le3f  g3lls 

Bred    from   jar   containing   adherent   t.vpe   of   gall   made  by   Campto- 

neuromyia     adhesa    and    Asphondylia    monacha, 

Lasioptera   argentisquamae,  C.  ais68x 
Stem  galls 

A  long,  uniform  swelling  of  the  stem 

Lasioptera  cylindrigalle,  C.  31408 
Irregukr  eccentric  stem  swelling.  L  3siopter3   tumific3,   C.  31360 

Csptured B3ldratia    abnormis,  C.  676 

B.  a  1  b  o  m  a  c  u  1  a  t  a  ,  C.  758 

Lasioptera    subfuscata,    C.  618 

L.  dorsimaculata,  C.   129 

L.  hamats,   C.   280 

II 


322  NEW    YORK   STATE   MUSEUM 

Tilia    (basswood) 

Captured  Neolasioptera    tiliaginea,    C.  283 

Unknown  stem  gall Lasioptera    spinulae,    C.  1056 

Stem  gall  on  semiaquatic  weed 

Lasioptera    palustris,     C.  31443,  31447 
Stem  gall   Neolasioptera    hamata,    C.  31458 

Vaccinium  (blueberry) 
Captured Baldratia    canadensis,     C.   74 

Vernonia  noveboraccnsis    (ironwecd) 
Bred  from  blossoms Lasioptera    vernoniflorae,    C.   1059 

Viburnum 

Captured Lasioptera   consobrina,  C.  183a 

Captured   on  V.   acerifolium Lasioptera  viburni,   C.    186 

Bred  from  irregular  subcortical  gall 

Neolasioptera    viburnicola,    C.  31409 

Vitis  (grape) 

Tumid  leaf  gall Lasioptera   vitis,    C.  aii6s 

Petiole  gall Baldratia  petiolicola,    C.  877 

Petiole  gall   Neolasioptera    vitinea,  C.  31415,  31065 

Captured  Lasioptera   basiflava,    C.  719 

Zizia 

Fusiform   stem  gall Lasioptera    zizia  e,    C.  31817 

Key  to  genera 

a  1st  antennal  segment  normal 

b  3d   vein    very    near   costa   and   uniting   therewith    at    or   before   the 
basal  half,  very  rarely  near  the  distal  3d 
c  Mouth  parts    and   thorax   prolonged ;   antennal   segments    10  to 

13 Clinorhyncha  H.  Lw. 

cc  Mouth  parts  and  thorax  not  prolonged 

(/  Palpi  with  I  or  2  segments  Baldratia  Kicff, 

dd  Palpi  with  3  or  4  segments 

e  3  long  veins,  the  5th   forked   some  distance  from  its 

base Lasioptera  Meig. 

ee  4  simple  long  veins /. .  .Neolasioptera  n.  g. 

bb  3d  vein  rather  strongly  arched,  well  separated   from  costa,  uniting 

therewith  at  the  distal  3d Camptoncuromyia  n.  g. 

aa  1st  antennal  segment  produced,  with  a  length  about  3  times  its  cliametcr 
b  The  3d  vein  somewhat  removed  from  costa  and  uniting  therewith  at 

the  distal  3d,  body  thickly  clothe<l  with  shining  scales 

Trotteria  KiefF.  (Choristoneura  Rubs.) 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  323 

LASIOPTERA      Mcig. 

Members  of  this  entire  group  are  usually  easily  recognized  by 
the  thickly  scaled  costa,  subcosta  and  third  vein,  the  two  latter 
being  close  to  the  anterior  margin  of  the  wing  and  the  last  named 
usually  uniting  therewith  near  the  middle.  It  and  allied  genera  have 
a  characteristic  coloration,  usually  being  thickly  clothed  with  dark 
brown  scales  and  in  many  species  the  dorsum  of  the  abdomen  is 
conspicuously  ornamented  with  silvery  white  markings,  the  latter 
being  either  in  the  form  of  a  margin  along  the  anterior  or  posterior 
edge  of  the  abdominal  segments  or  in  a  series  of  submedian  spots 
resting  upon  the  posterior  margin  of  the  segments.  The  members 
of  this  genus  present  a  wide  range  in  the  number  of  antennal  seg- 
ments, those  of  the  female  varying  from  16  in  the  case  of  L  . 
f  1  a  V  e  s  c  e  n  s  to  33  in  L.  q  u  e  r  i  c  i  f  1  o  r  a  e  .  The  segments  of 
the  male  antennae  vary  from  16  in  L  .  lycopi  to  21  or  22  in 
the  male  of  L  .  d  e  s  m  o  d  i  i  .  Some  species  have  the  same  number 
of  antennal  segments  in  both  sexes,  while  in  the  majority  the  female 
possesses  two  to  four  or  five  more  than  her  consort.  There  seems 
to  be  no  law  governing  this  variation.  Certain  of  the  females  pos- 
sess a  peculiar  group  of  heavy,  stout,  recurved,  chitinous  hooks  on 
the  dorsum  of  the  lobes  of  the  ovipositor.  This  peculiar  structure 
is  present  in  several  rather  widely  separated  forms. 

The  species  belonging  to  this  genus  breed  for  the  most  part  in 
more  or  less  irregular  subcortical  galls  on  the  stems  of  both  herba- 
ceous and  woody  plants.  An  interesting  form,  L.  c  a  u  1  i  c  o  1  a  .* 
has  been  reared  from  apparently  normal  Diervilla  stems.  All 
species  of  this  genus  appear  to  winter  in  their  galls.  Those  which 
live  in  herbaceous  stems  emerge,  as  a  rule,  in  early  spring,  while 
the  forms  subsisting  upon  woody  stems  are  more  likely  to  fly  during 
Tune.  A  few  species  breed  in  leaf  galls;  for  instance,  L.  corni 
in  an  ocellate,  highly  colored,  blisterlike  gall  on  the  leaves  of 
Corn  us  alter  nifolia;  L.  vitis  inhabits  the  common 
tumid  leaf  or  tendril  gall  on  grape,  while  L.  impatientifolia 
produces  a  somewhat  similar  gall  on  the  under  side  of  the  leaf  of 
the  snapdragon  (Impatiens  fulva).  Blackberry  leaves  fre- 
quently have  near  the  base  a  hard,  corky,  warty  gall  caused  by 
L.  farinosa.  Lasioptera  excavata  has  a  more 
singular  habit,  since  the  larvae  occur  in  a  true  leaf  mine  in  the 
foliage  of  Crataegus.  The  galls  may  be  monothalamous  or  poly- 
thalamous,  some  of  the  latter  being  inhabited  by  a  considerable 
number  of  larvae,  as  in'  the  case  of  L  .  c  y  1  i  n  d  r  i  g  a  1 1  a  e  and 
L  .    t  u  m  i  f  i  c  a  . 


3-24  NEW    YORK   STATE    MUSEUM 

Key  to  species 
a  Abdomen  dark  brown 

b  Abdomen   rather    thickly   clothed   dorsally    with   silvery   white   scales 
c  Antennae  and  mcsonotum  dark  brown;  male  with  16-17  antennal 

segments On   Ilex ;    c  i  n  e  r  e  a    Felt,   C.  73 

cc  Antennae  light  brown;  mesonotum  thickly  yellow  scaled;  antennae, 

female,  22  segments ;  bred  from  Solidago 

a  r  g  e  n  t  i  s  q  u  a  m  a  c  n.  sp.,  C.  ai568x 

bb  Abdominal  segments  variably  margined  anteriorly  and  laterally  with 

yellowish  white  scales;  antennae,  female,  22  segments;  bred  from 

tumid  leaf  or  tendril  gall v  i  t  i  s  O.  S.,  C.  aii65,  31146 

bbb  Abdomen  with  the  basal  segment  thickly  clothed  with  silvery  white 
or  yellowish  scales 
c  2d  abdominal    segment    fuscous    yellowish ;    antennae,    female,    15 
segments;   ovipositor   with  Iiooks. .  .  .b  a  s  i  f  1  a  v  a  n.   sp.,  C.  719 
cc  2d  and  following  abdominal  segments  yellow 
d  3d  vein  uniting  with  costa  at  the  basal  3d 

e  Female    antennae   with    18-19   segments ;    ovipositor   with 

hooks ;  bred  from  blister  gall  on  Cornus 

corni    Felt,  C.  764,  ai  151,  31288 
dd  3d  vein  uniting  with  costa  at  the  basal  half 

e  Female  with  22  antennal  segments ;  no  hooks  present ;  bred 

from  Rudbeckia r  u  d  b  c  c  k  i  a  c  n.  sp.,  C.  ai697b 

ddd  3d  vein  uniting  with  costa  at  the  distal  3d 

e  Female  with  21  antennal  segments;  ovipositor  witli  hooks; 

bred   from  apical,  clavate  twig  gall  on  Cornus 

(Cecidomyia)    clavula    Beutm.  C.  3327 
ccc  2(1  and   following  abdominal  segments  without  conspicuous  white 
markings 

d  4th  and  5th  abdominal  segments  darker  tlian  otiiers ;  mesono- 
tum  dark  brown;   male  with    19"  antennal   segments;    bred 

from   Impatiens  leaf  gall 

impatientifolia    Felt,   C.   ail66 
dd  Abdomin.'il  segments  2  to  6  unicolorous  or  nearly  so;  mcs- 
onotum  reddish  brown;  male   18,   female  20-23  segments. 
Bred   from  Vernonia  flowers   (?  vernoniac  Beutm.) 

v  c  r  n  o  n  i  f  1  o  r  a  c  n.   sp.,   C.    1058,   1059 
cccc  2(1  and  following  abdominal  segments  with  submedian  silvery  spots 
d  Subcosta  uniting  with  costa  at  the  bassl  3d 

e  Mcsonotum    reddish    brown;    female    with    28    antennal 

segments;  bn-d   fmm  oak  twigs   

(|  u  e  r  c  i  p  e  r  d  a    n.  sp.,  C.   1054 
ce  Mesonotum  dark  Ijruwn 

/  Scutcllum  pale  oranKe;   female  with  18  antennal  seg- 
ments    c  o  n  s  ob  r  i  n  a    Felt,  C.  183a 

ff  Scutcllum   purplish    l)rn\vn;    female  with   22  antennal 

segments  n  a  s  s  a  u  c  n  s  i  s    n.  sp.,  C.  432 

dd  Subcosta  uniting  with  liie  anterior  margin  at  the  basal  half 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  325 

e  Legs  and  mcsonotuni  dark  brown  ;  dorsal  plate  narrowly 
incised;    male    with    16    antennal    segments;    bred    from 

Senecio a  r  i  z  o  n  e  n  s  i  s     n.    sp.,    C.    1062 

ce  Legs    mostly    yellowish ;    mesonotum    dark    red ;    dorsal 
plate   triangularly   incised;   male  with    17  antennal    seg- 

f  1  a  V  i  p  e  s    n.  sp.,  C.  612 

ecc  Legs    light    yellowish    or    yellowish    brown,    mesonotum    reddish 
brown,    antennal    segments,    female    2iZ\    bred    from    Quercus 

blossoms  querciflorae   n.  sp.,  C.  900 

ccccc  2d  and  following  abdominal   segments  margined  posteriorly  with 
silvery  white 
d  3d    vein    uniting    with    costa    at    the    basal    3d ;    femora    and 
tibiae    unicolorous ;    antennal    segments,    male    and    female, 
21-22;    bred     from    fusiform    stem    gall     on    tick    trefoil; 
desmodii  Felt,  C  88,  aicpi,  ai376,  aiiQi,  aii84 
dd  3d  vein  uniting  with  costa  at  the  basal  half 
e  Tarsi  distinctly  annulate  with  whitish 

f  Scutellum     fuscous     yellowish ;     antennal     segments, 

female,  23 ;  bred  from  Diervilla  stems 

caulicola  Felt,   C.   ai469a 
ee  Tarsi  narrowly  or  distinctly  annulate  with  yellowish 

/  Scutellum    reddish   brown ;    antennal   segments,   male, 
19;  female,  23;  bred  from  w^arty  leaf  gall  on  black- 
berry   (Cccidomyia,  Diplosis)    farinosa 
Beutm.,  C.  ai343,  ai33i 
if  Scutellum  fuscous  yellowish;  antennal  segments,  male, 
19;     female,    22;    palpi    3    segmented;    bred    from 

unknown   stem  gall spinulae  n.   sp.,   C.   1056 

eee  Tarsi  a  nearly  uniform  dark  brown 

/  Scutellum  dark  brown ;  antennal  segments,  male..  20 ; 
female,  25;  bred  from  irregular  subcortical  gall  on 

blackberry nodulosa    Beutm.,   C.  31421,  al4ll 

ff  Scutellum  reddish  brown;  antennal  segments,  male, 
20 ;    female,   25 ;   bred    from   fusiform   stem  gall   on 

aquatic  weed p  a  1  u  s  t  r  i  s  Felt,  C.  31443,  31447 

//■/  Scutellum  fuscous  yellowish ;  antennal  segments, 
male,  20;  female,  23;  bred  from  irregular  sub- 
cortical stem  gall  on  Lindera 

1  i  n  d  e  r  a  e  Beutm.,  C.  31417 

/■/■/■f  Scutellum    pale  yellowish ;    antenn3l   segments,   male, 

16;    feni3le,   21;   bred   from    fusiform   stem   gsll   on 

Lycopus m  i  t  c  h  e  1 1  a  e  n.   sp.,   C.  31369 

hhhh  Basal   segment    (sometimes   margined   with  white)    and   other   ab- 
dominal  segments  with  submedian  whitish  spots 
c  3d  vein  uniting  with  costa  at  the  basal  3d 

d  Tarsi  unicolorous  ;  antennsl  segments,  female.  19 

On  Aster;  dorsimacul3ta  n.  sp.,  C.  129 


326 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

dd  Tarsi  annulate 

e  Tarsal  segments  2  to  4  annulate  basally ;  anteimal 
segments,  male,  17;  female,  20;  bred  from  fusi- 
form stem  gall  on  Convolvulus 

convolvuli    Felt,  C.   ai465 

ee  Tarsal  segments  2  to  4  annulate  at  both  extremities; 

antennal    segments,    male,    16;    female,    iS;    bred 

from  fusiform  stem  gall  on  Lycopus 

lycopi    Felt,  C.   ai348,   31339 
cc  3d  vein  uniting  with  costa  at  the  basal  half 
d  Tarsi  nearly  unicolorous 

e  Mesonotum  dark  brown,  the  submedian  lines  witli 
long,  golden  hairs ;  antennal  segments,  male,  21  ; 
female,    25 ;    bred    from    enlarged    stem    gall    on 

hop h  u  m  u  li  c  a  u  1  i  s    Felt,  C.  31440 

ee  Mesonotum  thickly  clothed  with  bronzy  scales;  an- 
tennal segments,  male..  17;  female,  19;  bred  from 

irregular  stem  gall  on  wild  lettuce 

lactucae   Felt,  C.  1102,  1061 
dd  Tarsi  annulate 

e  Mesonotum  black,  distal  palpal  segment  K'  longer 
than    the    preceding;    antennal    segments,    female, 

21 hccate   n.    sp.,    C.   329 

ee  Mesonotum  dark  brown 

/  Distal   palpal    segment   twice   the    length    of    tlie 
preceding;  antennal  segments  of  female,  ?i8; 

ovipositing   on    Panicum 

p  a  n  i  c  i   n.   sp.,  C.  403 
ff  Distal    palpal    segment    one    fourtli    longer    tlian 
tiic  preceding;  antennal  segments,  female,  18; 
bred  from  fusiform  stem  gall  on  Ilelianthus. . 
w  e  1  (1  i    n.  sp.,  ai8i6 
eee  Mesonotum  shining  reddish  brown,  distal  palpal  seg- 
ment only  a  little  longer  than  the  preceding;  an- 
tennal     segments,      female,      22- 23;      bred      Croin 

I.upine lupini   n.   sp.,   C.    ic68 

ccc  3d  vein  uniting  with  costa  at  the  distal  3d 

d  Mesonotum   black;  antennal  segments,   female,  22;   palpi 
3    segmented;     bred     from    subcortical    twig    gall    nu 

Ephedra e  p  h  e  d  r  i  c  o  1  a     Ckll. 

dd  Mesonotum  dark  brown 

e  Mesonotum  unicolorous;  antennal  segments,   female, 

19;  on  cherry scroti  na   n.  sp.    C.  79 

ee  Mesonotum  distinctly  bordered  laterally  and  an- 
teriorly with  light  scales 
/  3d  vein  uniting  with  costa  a  little  before  the 
distal  3d;  ventral  plate  long,  broadly  rounded 
apically;  antennal  segments,  male,  15-17; 
female,   21-22;   bred    from   long   stem   gall   on 

Solidago 

cylindr  iga  llae   Felt,  C.  aii59.  ^MoS 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  327 

ff  3d    vein    uniting    with    costa    at    the    distal    3d 
g  Ventral      plate      long,      tapering,      narrowly- 
rounded  apically;  antennal  segments,  male, 
17;  female,  19^22;  bred  from  stout,  asym- 
metric stem    gall  on  Solidago 

t  u  m  i  f  i  c  a    Beutm.,  C.  ai36o,  ai47o,  aia6o 
(jg  Ventral  plate  long,  slender,  broadly  rounded 
apically,    antennal    segments,    male    16,    fe- 
male 17;  bred  from  stem  gall  on  Zizia.... 
z  i  z  i  a  e    n.  sp.,  ai8i7 
bbbbb  Basal  and  other  alxloniinal  segments  white  margined  posteriorly 

c  Basal    and    apical    white    bands    on    fifth    abdominal    segment; 
antennal  segments,  male,  20;  bred  from  subc.irtical  twig  gall 

on  Ephedra    e  p  h  e  d  r  i  c  o  I  a     Ckll. 

cc  Apical  band  only  on  the  5th  abdominal  segment 

d  Femora   and   tibiae   unicolorous ;    antennal    segments,    fe- 
male, 18;  on  Solidago hamata    Felt.  C.  280 

dd  Tarsi    annulate    with   yellowish;    antennal    segments,    fe- 
male, 23;  bred  from  tumid  leaf  gall  on  Impatiens 

i  m  p  a  t  i  e  n  t  i  f  o  1  i  a  Felt   C.   ai  166 
bbbbbb  Abdomen  with  m)  conspicuous  white  markings 

c  3d  vein  uniting  with  costa  at  the  basal  3d;  tarsi  annulate 

d  Scutellum  reddisli  brown  ;  antennal  segments,  female,  2.,- 

n  e  o  f  u  s  c  a     n.     sp.,   C.   82 

dd  Sculclluni  dark  brown;  antennal  segments,  female,  21.... 

j  u  V  e  n  a  1  i  s     n.     sp.,   C.  703 

cc  3d  vein  uniting  with  costa  at  the  basal  half 

d  Scutellum    dark   reddish   brown;    antennal   segments,    fe- 
male, 25 ;  bred  from  curled  ash  leaves 

fraxini  folia     n.     sp.,  C.  ai546a 
ccc  3d  vein  uniting  with  costa  at  the  distal  third 

d  Scutellum   dark   brown;   ovipositor   with   chitinous   hooks; 

antennal  segments,  female,  21-22 

a  b  h  a  m  a  t  a    Felt,  C.   130 
aa  Abdomen  reddish  or  yellowish  brown 

b  Mesonotum   pale   orange;    abdomen    light   yellowish;    antennal    seg- 
ments, female,  16-18  ;  bred  from  Solidago ■ 

flavescens    n.  sp.,  C.  ai583,  ai583b 
bb  Mesonotum  slightly  fuscous  or  dark  brown 

c  3d  vein  uniting  with  costa  at  the  basal  3d 

d  Abdomen   nearly  unicolorous;   antennal   segments,   female, 

18;  on  oak quercina    Felt,  C.  96 

cc  3d  vein  uniting  with  costa  near  the  basal  half 

d  Abdomen  yellowish  brown;   antennal   segments,   male,   18; 

on  Viburnum v  i  b  u  r  n  i  ■  Felt,  C.  186 

dd  Abdomen  mostly  pale  orange;  antennal  segments,  female, 

26 ;  bred  from  Crataegus  leaf  mine 

excavata    Felt,  C.  a  1576 


328  NF.W    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

BALDRATIA  Kieff. 

This  genns,  as  we  understand  it,  may  be  easily  separated  from 
Lasioptera  and  its  allies  by  the  palpi  having  but  one  or  two  seg- 
ments. The  American  forms  breed  for  the  most  part  in  the  pecu- 
liar, apparently  fungus-infected  blister  galls  so  common  on  Aster 
and  Solidago. 

Key  to  species 
a  Tarsi   distinctly  white  or  yellow   banded 

b  All  tarsal  segments  with  yellowish  white  bands  basally,  the  5th  on 
the  posterior  legs  yellowish ;  male  and  female  with  16  antennal 
segments;    palpi   biarticulate;   breeds   in    oval,   black,   blister   gall 

on    E  u  t  h  a  m  i  a    1  a  n  c  e  o  1  a  t  a    

(Lasioptera)    carbon  ifer  a    Felt.  C.  31354 

bb  Posterior  tarsi  only  narrowly  annulate  basally  with   whitish ;  female 

with   22   antennal    segments;    palpi    probably    biarticulate;   breeds 

in  a  rosy  blister  gall  on    Solidago    r  u  g  o  s  a 

(Lasioptera)      rosea    Felt.   C.  'M474 
act  Tarsi  unicolorous  or  nearly  so 

b  Adbomen   conspicuously   yellowish    in    part   at   least' 

c  Abdomen    light    fuscous  yellowish ;    antennae   with    13    segments ; 

palpi  uniarticulate ;  bred  from  Solidago 

s  o  c  i  a  1  i  s    n.  sp.,  C.  31568  1 

cc  Abdomen   with    tlic   basal    segment   fuscous   yellowish;   male  with 

12    to    14    antennal    segments;     palpi    uniarticulate;    bred    from 

Erigeron 

(C  h  o  r  i  s  t  o  n  c  u  r  a)    m  o  d  e  s  t  a    Felt,  C.  31427,  a  1666,  a  1666a 

bb  Abdomen  dark  brown,  scatteringly  clothed  dorsally  with  silvery  white 

scales;  male  with  14  antennal  segments;  palpi  uniarticulate;  breeds 

in  yellowish  or  brown  blister  galls  on  Aster 

(C  h  o  r  i  s  t  o  n  e  u  r  a)    p  a  n  i  c  u  1  a  t  a    I'\lt,  C.  757,  ai  167 
bbb  Abdomen  dark  brown  or  black 

c  I'.asal  abdominal  segment  yell,  wish  or  silvery  white 

rf  2d  to  6ih  abdominal   segments  margined   posteriorly;   fem.ile 
antennae  with  26  segments;   palpi   uniarticulate;   bnd    fnun 

a  grape   petiole  gall p  c  t  i  o  1  i  c  o  1  a   n.   sp.,   C.  877 

dd  3d   to  6th   abdominal   segments  margined   posteriorly;    female 

antennae  with   18  segni-nls  ;  ])alpi  imiarticulate 

f  la  voscu  ta    n.  sp.,  C.   1288 
cc  Abdominal  segnu-nis   with   wliitisli   submcdian   spots 
d  .Segments   I  to  7  spotted 

c  Male    antennae    witii     14    st'gnieniN;    pali)i    uniarticulate; 

I)rcil    fnni  sinrdl  pustrlate  ga'l  on  Aster  stem 

p  u  s  t  u  1  a  t  a    n.  sp.,  C.  31520 
(•(•   I-'emale    antennae    with    18    segments;    palpi    biarticulate; 

taki-n  (in  Solidagf)   

(  C  h  i>  r  i  s  t  o  n  (•  u  r  a  )     a  1  b  «>  in  a  c  u  1  a  t  a    Felt,  C.  758 


REPORT   OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  329 

dd  Abdominal  segments  2  to  7  spotted ;  female  with  19  antennal 
segments;    palpi    biarticulate;    bred    from    a    purplish    and 
white  blister  gall  on  Aster,  .squarrosae    n.  sp.,  C.  31594 
ddd  Segments   i  to  to  4  spotted 

e  Male  with  18  to  19  antennal  segments;  palpi  biarticulate.. 

(Lasioptera)     canadensis     Felt,  C.  74 

dddd  Segments  i  and  2  white  margined  posteriorly,  3  to  5  spotted ; 

female    antennae    with    17    segments;    palpi    uniarticulate ; 

bred  from  a  yellowish  blister  gall  on  Aster 

paniculata  n.  sp.,  C.  aii67 
ccc  Abdominal  segments  white  margined  posteriorly 
d  Palpi    uniarticulate 

c  Mesonotum  black;  male  antennae  with  12  to  14  segments; 
female  with  18;  palpi  uniarticulate;  bred  from  Erigeron 

leaf 

(Choristoneura)  modesta     Felt,     C.     31427, 
,  ai666 

cc  Mesonotum   dark  brown;    female  antennae   with    16  seg- 
ments; palpi  uniarticulate 
/  Posterior    wing   margin    even ;    bred    from    yellowish 

blister  gall  on  Aster 

f  1  a  V  o  m  a  c  u  1  a  t  a  n.  sp.,  C.  ai36ia 
//  Posterior  wing  margin  distinctly   emarginate  at  apex 

of   5th   vein    

(Choristoneura)     a  b  n  o  r  ni  i  s    Felt,   C.  676 
dd  Palpi   biarticulate 

e  Mesonotum    black;    female    antennae    with    16    segments; 

bred    from   a   dark   white-ringed   blister   gall   on   Aster; 

fuscoanulata  n.  sp.,  C.  31550,  31662 

ce  Mesonotum  dark  brown  or  black ;  female  antennae  with 

19     to    20    segments,     male     with     18;     bred     from    a 

fusiform  stem  gall  on  grass 

(Lasioptera)    muhlenbergiae    Marten, 

C.  770,  1206 

ece  Mesonotum    reddish    brown ;    female    antennae    with    18 

segments ;    bred    from   a   gray,    yellow   margined   blister 

gall  on  Solidago  .  . .  f  1  a  v  o  a  n  u  1  a  t  a   n.  sp.,  C.  31568k 

cccc  Abdomen  nearly  unicolorous  dorsally 

d  3d  vein  uniting  with  the  anterior  margin  near  the  distal  3d 
e  Scutellum  yellowish  brown,  anterior  tibiae  yellowish ; 
female  antennae  with  18  segments ;  palpi  unicolorous ; 
bred  from  Solidago. .  . . .  c  o  n  v  o  1  u  t  a  n.  sp.,  C.  31307 
ee  Scutellum  reddish  brown ;  tibiae  dark  brown ;  male 
antennae  with  14  to  15  segments;  palpi  biarticulate; 
bred   from  a  yellowish,  brown  margined  blister  gall  on 

Solidago 

(Lasioptera)    rubra    Felt  (t  u  b  e  r  c  u  1  a  t  a) 
C.  650,  1067,  31586 


330  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

dd  3d    vein    uniting    with    the    anterior   margin    at    or    near   the 
basal  half 
e  Tarsi  yellowish ;  male  antennae  with   14  segments ;  palpi 
uniarticulate;  bred  from  whitish  blister  gall  on    Aster 

1  a  e  V  i  s 

(Choristoneura)     laeviana    Felt,  C.  ai287 
ee  Tarsi  black 

f  Female   antennae    with   21    segmenis ;    palpi   biarticu- 
late;  bred  from  a  lunate,  yellowish,  marginal  blister 

gall  on  Solidago    

(Choristoneura)     f  1  a  v  o  1  u  n  a  t  a     Felt, 

C.  a 1430 
//  Female  antennae  with   16  segments ;   palpi  uniarticu- 
late; bred  from  blister  galls  with  pinkish  aureola  on 

Aster     divaricata    

d  i  V  a  r  i  c  a  I  a    n.  sp.,  C.  ai787 

NEOLASIOPTERA    n.   g. 

This  gentis  is  closely  allied  in  general  appearance  and  habits  to 
Lasioptera,  and  is  separated  therefrom  only  by  the  fifth  vein  fork- 
ing at  the  extreme  base  of  the  wing  or  by  the  sixth  being  entirely 
independent  of  the  preceding  [pi.  34,  fig.  8].  This  character,  while 
not  always  determined  with  ease,  affords  a  very  good  basis  for 
making  a  division,  even  though  this  latter  may  not  be  closely  cor- 
related with  variations  in  habit.  The  female  antennae  may  be  com- 
posed of  from  17  segments  in  the  case  of  N.  celastri  to  29 
•segments  in  N  .  v  i  b  11  r  n  i  c  o  1  a  ,  while  the  males  may  have  but 
12  segments  as  in  N  .  s  (j  u  a  m  o  s  a  to  23  in  N  .  c  o  r  n  i  c  o  1  a  . 
As  in  the  genus  Lasioptera,  there  is  frequently  a  variation  of  four 
or  five  segments  between  the  sexes  and  apparently  following  no  law. 

The  species  of  this  genus,  as  in  the  case  of  Lasioptera,  breed 
mostly  in  subcortical  stem  galls  on  herbaceous  and  woody  i:)lants, 
most  of  the  forms  producing  distinct  enlargements,  though  the 
presence  of  N  .  h  i  b  i  s  c  i  is  indicated  only  by  a  somewhat  gen- 
eral enlargement  of  the  stem.  N.  s  (|  u  a  m  o  s  a  has  been  bred 
from  grass.  ])resumahly  a  stem  gall,  while  X.  v  i  t  i  n  c  a  makes 
a  characteristic  conical  gall  on  the  grapt-  petiole. 

Key   to   species 
a  Abdomen  dark  brown  or  black 

b  Abdominal  segments  nearly  uniccilorous 

c  Tarsi  dark  brown  ;  frmalc  antcnnal  segments   17 

celastri    n.  sp.,  C.  Sq8 


REPORT   or    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  33 1 

bb  Basal  abdominal  segment  whitish  or  yellowish  white 
c  3d  vein  uniting  with  costa  at  the  basal  3d 

d  Abdominal  segments  i  to  4  white;  male  antennae  with    ?20 

to  22  segments;  female,  24;  bred  from  Eragrostis 

agrostis  n.  sp.,  C.   1063 
dd  3d  abdominal  segment  margined  with  silvery ;  antennal  seg- 
ments, female,  25 

(  C  h  o  r  i  s  t  o  n  e  u  r  a )    c  i  n  e  r  e  a    Felt,  C.  341 
ddd  2d  to  4th  abdominal  segments  with  submedian  lunate  spots 
e  Tarsi  mostly  dark  brown 

f  Antennal   segments,    female,  22;    terminal  lobes  of 

ovipositor  very  slender   (x 6) 

t  e  n  u  i  t  a  s    n.  sp.,  C.  1232 

fF  Female  antennal  segments,  24;  male,   ?20;  terminal 

lobe  of  ovipositor  rather  stout  (x4)  ;  bred  from 

Eragrostis   agrostis  n.  sp.,  C.  1063 

ee  Tarsi    mostly    yellowish ;    terminal    lobes    short,    stout, 

thickly   haired h  i  r  s  u  t  a     n.  sp.,  C.  908 

cc  3d  vein  uniting  with  costa  at  the  basal  half 

d  3d  and  4th  basal  abdominal  segments  yellowish  or  whitish 
e  Distal   abdominal   segment  pale  orange;    antennal   seg- 
ments,   male,    14 

(Choristoneura)  basalis    Felt,  C.  739 

ee  Distal  abdominal  segments  white,  margined  posteriorly ; 

antennal    segments,    male,    20;    female,    23-25;    bred 

from  conical  petiole  grape  gall 

(Lasioptcra)    vitinea   Felt,  C.  ai4i5,   1065,   1118 

dd  2d  to  4th  abdominal  segments  with  submedian  whitish  spots 

e  Ventral  plate  rather  broad,  narrowly  rounded  distally; 

antennal  segments,  male,  18 

s  e  X  m  a  c  u  1  a  t  a  n.   sp.,  C.  265,  589 

ee  Ventral  plate  broad,  narrowly  incised  apically;  antennal 

segments,    male,    16..  tripunctata  n.   sp.,  C.  427 

ddd  2d    to    3d    abdominal    segments    margined     posteriorly  with 

silvery  white 

e  Legs  mostly  pale  yellowish 

f  Male  antennal  segments   18 

(Choristoneura)     1  i  r  i  o  d  c  n  d  r  i    Felt,  C.  291 
ee  Legs  mostly  brown 

/  Antennal   segments,    female,  23 ;    scutollum   reddish 
yellow;     bred     from     irregular     stem     gall     on 

Solanum 

(Choristoneura)    solani    Felt,  C.  903 

//  Antennal    segments,    female,     26;     scu'.ellum     dark 

brown;     presumably     forming    a     stem     gall     on 

Clematis 

(Choristoneura)    clcmatidis     n.    Felt. 

a I 596a 

fff  Antennal  segments,  male,  19;  female,  23;  scutellum 

dark  brown;  bred  from  irregular  subcortical  gall 

on    Sambucus    

(Cecidomyia)  sambuci    Felt,  C  ai404 


332  NEW    YORK   STATE   MUSEUM 

ffff  Antennal  segments,  male,  20;  female,  23-25;  scutel- 
lum    reddish   brown ;    bred    from    conical    petiole 

grape  gall  

(L  a  s  i  o  p  t  e  r  a)    v  i  t  i  n  c  a    Felt,  C.  ai4i5, 

1065,  1 1 18 
/////  Antennal  segments,  female,  24;  bred  from  fusiform 

stem  gall  on    Asclepias    incarnata 

asclepiae   n.  sp.,  C.  31401 

ffffff  Antennal  segments,  male,  22;  female,  29;  scutellum 

reddish  brown ;   bred   from   irregular   subcortical 

gall  on  Viburnum 

(Lasioptera)    viburnicola  Beutm.,  C.  31409 
dddd  3d  and  4th  abdominal  segments  margined  posteriorly 

e  Antennal  segments,  male,  23 ;   female,  27 ;   3d  and  4th 

abdominal   segments  narrowly  margined  posteriorly; 

bred    from    irregular ;    subcortical    gall    on    Cornus 

(Lasioptera)    cornicola   Beutm.,  C.  31423,  31363 

ee  Antennal  segments,  female,  22, ;  3d  and  4th  abdominal 

segments  broadly  margined  posteriorly 

(Choristoneura)    hamamelidis    Felt,  C.  181 

hbb  Abdomin3l  segments  m3rgined  posteriorly  with  yellowish  or  whitish 

c  T3rsi    b3nded;    3ntenn3l    segments,   male,    18;    female,    24;    bred 

from  oval  stem  gall  on  Eupatorium 

(Choristoneura)  perfoliata   Felt,  C.  i loi 
cc  Tarsi   ui;icolorous ;    antennal    segments,    female,    18;    bred    from 

Helianthus 

(Choristoneur3)     helianthi    Felt,  C.  ai7i8x 
hhbb  B3S31   and   other   abdominal   segments   with   conspicuous    submedian 
markings 
c  Submedian  spots  straw  yellow 

d  Female   antennsl   segments    18 

flavomaculsta  n.  sp.,  C.  545 
cc  3d   and  4th   abdominal   segments  mostly  whitish;   antennal   seg- 
ments, male,  16;  on  basswood.  . .  .t  i  1  i  a  g  i  n  e  a    n.  sp.,  C.  283 
ccc  3d  and  4th  abdominal  segments  not  mostly  whitish 
d  Tarsi  unicolorous  or  nearly  so 

e  Antennal    segments   of   male,    18;    female,   22;    scutellum 

dark  brown;  bred  from  oval  stem  gall  on  tick  trefoil. .. 

(Choristoneura)    h  a  m  a  t  a  Felt,  C.  31458 

ee  Antennal  segments,  female,  17;  scutelhini  black 

a  1  b  o  1  i  n  e  a  t  a  ,    n.    sp.,    C.    1234 
dd  Tarsi  distinctly  annulate 

c  Antennal  segments,  male,   14;   female,    16;  palpi  3-4  seg- 
mented;   scutellum    dark    brown;    bred    from    fusiform 

bud  gall  on  Erigcron   

(Choristoneura)    e  r  i  g  e  r  o  n  t  i  s   Felt,  C.  314273, 

31302,  1064 
ce  Antennsl  segments,  female,   iS;  scutellum  reddish  brown; 

bred    from   stem  gall   on   .Mimiilus 

m  i  m  u  1  i   n.    sp.,    C.    1052 


RICPORT   OF    THIC    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  333 

^^^  Anlennal    scginonts,    male,    15-16;    female,   23;    scutellum 

dark    brown;    bred    from    swollen    stems    of    Hibiscus 

(Choristoneura)    hibisci    Felt,  C.  ai4io 

ecee  Antennal  segments,  male,   17;   female,  23;  scutellum  dark 

brown;  bred  from  oval  stem  gall  on  Eupatorium 

(Choristoneura)    e  u  p  a  t  o  r  i  i    Felt,  C.  ai4i3 
ceeee  Antennal  segments,  male,  19;  female,  21;  scutellum  dark 

brown;  bred  from  fusiform  gall  on  Aster  branch 

(C  e  c  i  d  o  m  y  i  a)    r  a  m  u  s  c  u  1  a   Beutm.,   C.  ai36i, 

ai397,  aisoo,  1107 

fft'tY'c  Antennal    segments,   male,   20;    female,   24-25;    scutellum 

dark  brown;  4th  and  5th  tarsal  segments  on  posterior 

legs   of    female   white ;   bred   from   ovate   stem   gall   on 

Diplopappus  

(Choristoneura)    a  1  b  i  t  a  r  s  i  s    Felt,  C.  ai477,  ai379 
aa  Abdomen  a  pale  or  reddish  brown 

h  Mesonotum    light   brown;    antennal    segments,   male,    12;   bred   from 

grass squamosa    n.    sp.,    C.    909 

&&  Mesonotum  dark  brown ;  antennal  segments ;  female,  16-19 

f  1  a  V  o  V  e  n  t  r  i  s    n.    sp.,    C.    478,    480,    672 

CLINORHYNCHA    H.    Lw. 

This  genus,  first  recognized  in  this  country  by  the  author,  is  an 
extremely  interesting  forin  and  distinguished  at  once  by  the  great 
prolongation  of  the  mouth  parts  and  the  lo  to  12  segments  of  t/.e 
antennae.  The  European  C  .  c  h  r  y  s  a  n  t  h  e  m  i  H.  Lw.  has 
13  antennal  segments  in  both  sexes.  The  wings  are  also  rather 
peculiar  [pi.  34,  fig.  7].  The  species  are  all  small,  being  only  about 
I  mm  in  length. 

The  European  C.  m  i  1  1  e  f  o  1  i  i  Wachtl.  was  reared  from  ap- 
parently normal  flowers  of  Yarrow  (Achillea  m  i  1 1  e  f  o  1  i  u  m) 
and  it  is  probable  that  the  otner  species  known  to  occur  in  this 
country,  have  similar  habits,  particularly  as  all  European  forms,  so 
far  as  known,  have  been  bred  from  flowers  of  the  Compositae. 

Key  to  species 

a  5th  vein  simple 

h  scutellum  reddish  bruwii ;   bred  from  yarrow   florets 

miUefolii    Wachtl,  C.  1236 
aa  5th  vein  forked 

h  2d  to  5th  abdominal  segments  reddish  brown  ;  captured  on  fern 

f  i  1  i  c  i  s   Felt,    C.   386 

hh  Abdomen  a  nearly  uniform  dark  brown;  taken  on  willow 

k  a  r  n  e  r  e  n  s  i  s    n.  sp.,  C.  488 

hhh  Abdomen  reddish;  bred  from  flowers  of  Eupatorium  perfoliatum 

(Lasioptera)    e  u  p  a  t  o  r  i  f  I  o  r  a  e    Felt,  ai689 


334  ^^E\V    YORK    STATE    Ml'SEUM 

CAMPTONEUROMYIA    n.    g. 

This  genus  is  a  very  well  marked  type  which  may  be  recognized 
by  the  broadly  oval  wings  having  the  third  vein  strongly  arched, 
rather  well  separated  from  costa  and  uniting  therewith  near  the 
distal  third  [pi.  34,  fig.  5].  The  antennae  are  sessile  in  both  sexes, 
and  the  ovipositor  rather  short  and  thick.  One  species  whicli 
has  been  reared  breeds  in  ovate  galls  between  adhering  leaves  of 
Solidago,  and  also  in  loose  apical  bud  galls.  The  latter  may  possibly 
be  only  a  modified  form  of  the  more  commtin  adherent  type.  The 
last   named    is    also    iidiabited    by     A  s  ]:>  h  o  n  d  y  1  i  a     monacha 

o.  s. 

Key  to  species 
a  Antennae  with  15  segments 

b  Abdomen  dark  brown,   scutcllum  fuscous  ycllowisli ;   the  stli  antcnnal 

segment  with  a  length   1/2  greater  than  its  diameter,  male 

(D  a  s  y  n  e  u  r  a)   v  i  r  g  i  n  i  c  a    Felt,  C.  238b 
aa  Antennae  composed  of  16  segments 

b  Abdomen    yellowish    brown,    scutellum    fuscous    yellowish ;    tlie    5th 

antcnnal  segment  with  a  length  about  -)4  its  diameter,    female 

f  u  1  \-  a   n.   sp.,   C.   461 
aaa  Antennae  with  18  segments 

b  Abdomen  dark  brown,  scutellum  a  variable  fuscous;  the  51)1  antcnnal 

segment  with  a  length  J4  greater  than  its  diameter,  male 

(D  a  s  y  n  e  u  r  a)   h  a  m  a  m  e  1  i  d  i  s    l-'elt,  C.  238a 
aaaa  20  to  22  antcmial  segments 

b  Abdomen  dark  brown,  scutellum  fuscous  ycllowisli :  the  5th  antcnnal 
segment  of  the  male  with  a  length  ^4  greater  than  its  diameter, 
that  of  the  female  with  a  length  ■>^  its  diameter.     lircd   from  oval, 

adluTLiit  gall  between  Solidago  leaves 

(D  a  s  y  n  c  u  r  a)    ad  li  e  s  a    Felt,  a  1 5(18.  a  1  .sS^ 

bb  Abdomen  flark  brown,  the  basal  and  distal  segments  yellowish;  male, 

2t,  female  22  antennal  segments,  the  5th  i_n  bah  sexes  with  a  length 

'/i    greater    than    its    diameter.     Iired    from    niari^iiial    leaf    roll    on 

high  blacisbcrry r  u  ii  i  f  n  1  i  a    n.    sp.,    ai866 

TROTTERIA    I\icH'. 

Clioiistoiuuid  Rubs. 
Members  of  this  genu.s  arc  easily  recognized  by  their  abund- 
ant scale  covering  and  the  peculiar  character  of  the  wings  [pi.  34, 
fig.  3].  Costa  U)  the  ape.x  of  the  wing,  subcosla  and  the  third  vci'.i 
are  heavily  scaled,  the  latti-r  curving  out  distinctly  fro:n  the  nearly 
straight  costa  and  uniting  therewilli  near  tlie  distal  third.  The 
antennae  arc  likewise  pecidiar  to  lite  genus,  the  first  segment 
being  gically  prf)duced    |  fig.   32]    ami   lia\ing  a  leni^lli   about   three 


KEl'ORT   OF    TIIK    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    IQOJ  335 

times  its  greatest  diameter.  The  other  segments  are  sessile, 
cylindric  and  in  most  species  have  a  length  j^  or  ^  that  of  the 
diameter;  the  number  of  segments  may  range  from  i6  to  22. 
The  femora  are  strongly  swollen  and  the  tibiae,  particularly  the 
posterior  pair,  armed  with  long,   setose  spines  which,  in  some 


ff^'3;-    ---  ■'         "=^'^- 


^-' 


^=:^ 


Fig.   32.     Trotteriafsubfuscata    n.  sp.,  basal  antennal  segments,  much  enlarged. 
(Original) 

forms,  extend  to  the  base  of  the  second  tarsal  segment.  The 
male  genitalia  present  a  very  characteristic  type,  diiifering  in  certain 
respects  markedly  from  those  of  other  Cecidomyiidac. 

Key  to  species 

a  Females 

h  16    antennal    segments;    al^domcn    dark    brown 

k  a  r  n  e  r  e  n  s  i  s    n.    sp.,    C.    484 

hh  20  antennal  segments  ;  abdomen  dark  brown 

s  u  b  f  u  s  c  a  t  a    n.    sp.,    C.    618 
hhh  22  antennal  segments 

c  Claws  stout ;   legs  thickly  clothed  with  scales.  Bred  from  Solidago 
s  o  1  i  d  a  g  i  n  i  s     n.     sp.,  C.   ai568y 

cc  Claws   rather  slender;   legs   rather  thinly  clothed  with   scales 

c  a  u  d  a  t  a    n.  sp.,  C.  477 
aa  Males 

h  18  antennal  segments;  abdomen  thickly  clothed  with   silvery  scales.. 

s  q  n  a  m  o  s  a    n.  sp.,  C.  522 
hh  20  antennal  segments 

c  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  more  than  ^  its  diameter  . . . 
(Choristoneura)  caryae   Felt,  C.  334 
cc  stii  antennal  segment  with  a  length  scarcely  Y\  its  diameter 

d  Abdomen  silvery  white ;  tibiae  dark  fuscous  orange 

a  r  g  e  n  t  i    n.    sp.,    C.    466 

dd  Abdomen   silvery  yellow;   tibiae  and  tarsi  black 

tarsata   n.    sp.,    C.   667 

ddd  Abdomen  pale  brown  ;  tibiae  dark  brown 

m  e  t  a  1  li  c  a    n.  sp.,  C.  335 

DASYNEURIARIAE 

Species  belonging  in  this  tribe  may  be  recognized  by  the  dentate 
claws,  by  the  3d  vein  being  well  separated   from  costa   [pi.   35], 


336  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

and   by   the   antenna!    segments    lieing   almost   invariably    stalked 
in  the  males. 

A  large  number  of  forms  arc  referable  to  this  group,  the 
two  important  genera  being  Dasyneura  and  Rhabdophaga.  The 
former  are  medium  sized,  usually  brownish  or  yellowish.  The 
insects  breed  very  largely  in  leaf  folds,  leaf  buds  or  loose  leafy 
bud  galls.  The  genus  Rhabdophaga  comprises  a  number  of 
larger,  usually  reddish  or  reddish  brown  forms,  which  display 
a  marked  preference  for  woody  tissues,  a  considerable  number 
of  species  living  in  willow  galls.  The  genus  Arnoldia  repre- 
sents a  number  of  forms  having  12  segmented  antennae.  One 
form  breeds  in  the  tumid  vitis  gall  on  grape,  while  several  others 
which  were  reared  probably  came  from  decaying  vegetable 
matter.  The  peculiar,  synthetic  D  i  a  r  t  h  r  o  n  o  m  y  i  a  arte- 
m  i  s  i  a  e  is  a  western  form  and  was  reared  from  galls  on  sage 
bush. 

HOST   PLANTS   AND   GALLS   OF   DASYNEURIARIAE 

Abies  (spruce) 

Seeds Das3'ncura    canadensis,    a  1428 

/^grostis    vulgaris   (Rod   top   or  June  grass) 
Ovii)Osiling   on Dasyneura    g  r  a  m  i  n  i  s  ,    C.    1209 

Alnus  (alder) 
Bud  gall Dasyneura    s  c  r  r  u  1  a  t  a  e   O.  S. 

Anemone  canadense 
Loose   hud  gall Dasyneura     a  n  e  ni  o  n  e  ,  31522 

Artemisia  tridentata   (sage   husli) 
.St'-m   ?  gall I )  i  a  r  t  li  m  11  0  in  y  i  a    a  r  t  e  ni  i  s  i  a  e  ,    C.  989 

Cephalanthus  (l)iitt(.n  busli ) 
Twi;;  gall R  1:  a  1.  d  n  p  1.  a  g  a    e  ,■  p  li  a  I  a  n  I  1.  i  ,    C.   IO48 

Clematis  virginiana    (virgin's   Iiou.r) 
Oval    stem    Kail Dasyneura     c  I  e  ni  a  t  i  d  i  s  ,    a  1659 

Corylus    (Iia/el) 
]  lairv  lr;if  fMld  .  .  .  D  a  s  y  n  e  u  r  a    c  o  r  y  1  i  ,    ai543 


REPORT   OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  337 

Crataegus  (wild  thorn) 
Cockscomb  leaf  gall ?    Arnoldia    absobrina,    ai555x 

Eupatorium  purpureum   (Joe  pye  weed) 
Blossoms Dasyneura   purpurea,    ai693a 

Fraxinus  (ash) 

Tumid  leaf  gall  ? Dasyneura    tumidosae,    aiS32 

Curled   leaves Arnoldia   fraxinifolia,   ai572a 

Rolled   leaves Dasyneura    fraxinifolia,    ai648a 

Head  of  deformed  leaves Dasyneura   apicatus,    a.1712 

Galium   (bed  straw) 
Flower  buds Dasyneura    galii,    ai678k 

Gleditschia   (honey  locust) 
Folded  leaflets   Dasyneura    g  1  e  d  i  t  s  c  h  i  a  e    O.  S.,  C.  958 

Lepidium   (pepper  grass) 

Dasyneura    lepidii,    C.  1035 

Lysimachia    (loosestrife) 
Loose  bud  galls    Dasyneura    lysimachiae    Beutm.,  aiigj 

Piperita   (peppermint) 
Loose  bud  gall Dasyneura    piperitae,    a  1663a 

Populus    fpoplar) 
Twigs  bearing  white  cocoons R  h  a  b  d  o  p  h  a  g  a    p  o  p  u  1  i  ,   C.     78X 

Quercus    (oak) 
Acorns Dasyneura    g  1  a  n  d  i  s  ,     C.    1030 

Rhus   (sumac) 
Root  galls Dasyneura    rhois    Coq. 

Robinia    (common    locust) 
Folded  leaflets Dasyneura    p  s  c  u  d  a  c  a  c  i  a  e    Fitch,  ai355 

Rosa   (rose) 

Curled  leaves   Dasyneura     ?    r  o  s  a  r  u  m    Hardy,  ai49i 

Rose  buds Dasyneura    r  h  o  d  o  p  h  a  g  a    Coq.,    31390 

Large  rosette  bud  gall   R  h  a  b  d  o  p  h  a  g  a    rosacea,    C.   1244 


338  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Rubus    (blackberry) 
Blossoms . D  a  s  y  n  e  u  r  a    r  u  b  i  f  1  o  r  a  e  ,    C.  990 

Salix  (willow) 

Curled    leaves Dasyncura    salicifolia,    31675 

RolU'fl   leaves R  h  a  b  d  o  p  li  a  g  a     p  1  i  c  a  t  a  ,     C.    1037 

Bud  galls 

Small   rosette  gall Rhabdophaga    race  mi,    C.    1245 

Small  rosette  gall Rhabdophaga    normaniana,    C.   1246 

Large,  loose  rosette  gall Rhabdophaga    rhodoides,    C.  1247 

Large,  open  rosette  gall 

Rhabdophaga    brassicoides    Walsh,  31173 

Large,  close  rosette  (pine  cone)  gall 

Rhabdophaga      strnbiloides     Walsh,   ai443 

Large,  close   rosette   (pine  cone)   gal! 

Rhabdophaga    p  c  r  s  i  m  i  1  i  s  ,    ai8i I 

Large,  close  rosette    (pine  cone)    gall 

Rhabdophaga    albovittaia    Walsh,  a  1442a,  a  14333 

Small  bud  galls Dasyneura    californica,    C.  981 

Small  bud  galls Rhabdophaga    gemmae,    C.  254 

Twig  galls 

Apical,   elongate,   beaked    ( rigidac)    gall 

Rhabdophaga    sodalitatis,-a  1074b 
Swollen    twig   witli    massed   buds    (Triticoides   and    Hordeoides   gall   of 

Walsh) Rhabdophaga    triticoides,    alo78x,    ai073x 

Nodular  gall  at  base  of  twig 

R  Ii  a  1)  (1  o  p  h  a  g  a    n  o  d  u  1  a    Walsh,  31412 

Subglobular,  lateral   gall Rhabdophaga    g  1  o  b  o  s  a  ,    310843 

Irregular  ovoid  or  globular  galls 

Rhabdophaga    batatas    Walsli,  a686,  ano2,  aiioS 

Irregular,  elongate  s.welling 

Rhabdophaga    salicis    Schrank,  31356 
Inconspicuous  knotted  gall  ..Rhabdophaga    1  a  t  i  p  c  n  n  i  s  ,    C.   782 

Slight  swelling  of  branch  

Rhabdophaga    p  o  d  a  g  r  a  e  ,    31399,  3l076y 
Twig  hardly  enlarged R  h  a  b  d  o  p  h  a  g  a    r  a  m  u  s  c  u  1  a  ,    ai449a 

Solidago   (golden  rod) 

Blister  gall  ? Dasyncura    c  a  r  b  o  n  a  r  i  a  ,    C.  713 

Loose  pod  of  adherent   fermiiial  leaves.  .Dasyncura    f  o  1  1  i  c  u  1  i  ,    31581 

Spiraea   (meadow  sweet) 

Tumid   leaf   fuld Dasyncura    salicifolia,    31675 

R  h  a  I.  d  rip  li  a  g  a    salicifolia,    C.    1045,  31505 

Trifolium   (clover) 

F  Ml  (1   I.-avcs Dasyneura    t  r  i  I  o  li  i  ,    C    4.s6m,    742 

ri<  wer   h- • 'I-         !»  r!  ■;  y  n  e  11  r  a     1  i-  g  u  m  i  n  i  <■  "  I  .,     i.iiiin,    C.    |,v^,   al<')95 


REPORT   OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  339 

Ulmus  (elm) 
Bud  gall U  a  s  y  n  e  u  r  a    u  1  ni  e  a  ,    C.  8S0 

Vaccinium   (cranberry) 
Leaf  fold  gall Dasyneura    vaccinii    Smith,  C.  957 

Vitis    (grape) 

Tumid  leaf  gall Dasyneura    vitis,    ai  165b 

Tumid  leaf  gall Arnoldia    vitis,    aii65a 

Wood,  decaying 
Fungus  filled Dasyneura    flavotibialis,    31454 

Yucca 

Dasyneura    yuccae,    C.  1053 

Key  to  genera 

a  Palpi    biarticulate Diarthronomyia    n.    g. 

aa  Palpi  quadriarticulate 

b  Antennae   with    12   segments Arnoldia   Kiefif. 

bb  Antennae  usually  with  more  than  12  segments 

c  3d  vein  uniting  with  costa  distinctly  before  the  wing  apex,  straight  or 

curved  anteriorly  and  tapering  but  little  distally. ..  .Dasyneura  Rond. 

cc  3d  vein  uniting  with  costa  very  near  or  at  the  wing  apex,  straight  and 

usually   tapering   distally Rhabdophaga   Westw. 

DIARTHRONOMYIA    11.    g. 

This  gentis  presents  a  general  resemblance  to  Rhopalomyia 
and  like  it  has  biartictilate  palps  and  a  great  similarity  in  the 
structure  of  the  male  genitalia.  The  minutely  unidentate  claws 
associate  it  with  Rhabdophaga  and  its  allies.  The  wing  is  illus- 
trated on  plate  34,  figure  9. 

Type  D.  artemisiae 

Diarthronomyia  artemisiae  n.  sp. 

Male.  Length  2  mm.  Antennae  nearly  as  long  as  the  body, 
rather  thickly  haired,  yellowish  brown,  18  segments ;  mesonotum 
dark  reddish  brown,  the  submedian  Hnes  sparsely  haired;  scutel- 
lum  reddish  brown,  postscutellum  darker;  abdomen  sparsely 
haired,  reddish  brown;  halteres  yellowish  transparent;  legs  a 
variable  light  straw,  lighter  distally. 

Female.  Length  3  mm.  Antennae  extending  to  the  3d  abdom- 
inal segment,  sparsely  haired,  pale  yellowish,  probably  composed 
of  18  segments;  color  characters  about  as  in  the  opposite  sex. 


340  ^'l•^^^■  vork  state  museum 

Described  from  several  specimens  bred  June  i6,  1883,  from 
sage  bush,  Artemisia  tridentata,  at  Fort  Garland,  Col. 
This  species  may  possibly  be  identical  with  the  Rhabdo- 
phaga  tridentatae  Rubs,  which  was  bred  from  this  plant, 
though  this  last  named  form  is  credited  with  having  but  16 
antennal  segments  and  the  stem  being  but  jj  the  length  of 
the  basal  enlargement,  whereas  in  the  form  under  consideration 
the  stem  is  at  least  ^  the  length  of  the  basal  enlargement. 

Type  C.  989,  U.  S.  National  Museum  3120 

ARNOLDIA     Kieff. 
Males 
a  Stem  of  antennal  segment  about  J4  longer  than  the  basal  enlargement 
b  Abdomen   pale  orange,  palp  2  segmented,  ventral   plate  broadly  and 
roundly  cmarginatc,  dor.'^al  plate  broad  and   roundly  emarginate 

u  n  g  u  1  a  t  a  Felt,  C.  1221 
bb  Abdomen  pale  brown,  palp  4  segmented,  ventral  plate  slightly  emar- 
ginate, dorsal  plate  triangularly  cmarginatc 

h  i  s  p  i  d  a    Felt,  C.  510 
bbb  Abdonitn    dark    yellowish    fuscous,    palp   4    scgniciited,    ventral    plate 

emarginate  distally,  dorsal  plate   slightly  emarginate 

(Dasyneura)  cerasi    Felt,  C.  343 
aa  Stem  of  antcimal  segment  about  as  long  as  the  basal  enlargement 

b  Abdomen   yellowish   brown,   palp   3    segmented,   ventral   plate   broadly 

rounded v  i  t  i  s    Felt,   C.   a  1165a 

bb  Abdomen    reddish   yellow,   tibiae   and   tarsi   dark   brown,   palp  3  seg- 
mented,  ventral   plate   roundly    emarginate 

abs  obr  ina    Felt,  C.  ai555x 

bbb  Abdomen   light   yellowish   or  yellowisli   orange,   tibiae    fuscous  straw, 

tarsi  dark  brown  or  black,  palp  4  segnicined,  ventral  plate  roundly 

emarginate f  r  a  x  i  n  i  f  o  1  i  a    Felt,   C.    a  1572a 

aaa  Stem  of  antennal  segment  •}4  the  length  of  the  basal  enlargement 

b  Abdomen    dark   brown,    palp   5   segmented,    dorsal   plate  triangularly 
incised m  i  n  n  r    Felt,    C.  431 

Females 

a  Abdcimen  pale  yclhiwish,  5th  anuimal  '-evmrnt  willi  a   Kiii;tli  alxmt  thrice 

its    diameter.    |)al])    3    segmented a  b  s  o  b  r  i  n  a    I'Vlt,    C.    al555x 

an   Abdomen  light   fuscous  yelh  w,  5th  antennal   segment   with  a  length  about 
2|/.  times  its  diameter,  pal|)  4  segmented vitis    Felt,  C.  311653 

DASYNEURA     KiMid. 

'i'l'is  gt-iins  cninpriscs  a  large  numbir  of  nu'diniii  and  rather 
small  usually  dark  brown  insects  which  breed  by  preference  in 
leafy  tissue.    This  grotip  inlergradcs  with  Khabdophaga  and  the 


RKl'ORT    OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    IQG/  34I 

more  typical  forms  may  be  distinguished  therefrom  by  the 
h.cavy,  nearly  uniform  3d  vein  uniting  with  the  margin  well 
before  the  apex  of  the  wing  [pi.  35,  fig.  3,  6]. 

Key  to  species 

n  3d  vein  distinctly  curved  anteriorly  [pi.  35,  fig.  2,  6] 

b    9  antennal  segments,  abdomen  yellowish,  bred  from  rose 

(Neocerata)    rhodophaga    Coq.,  aT390 
bb   10   antennal    segments,    females 

'c  Abdomen  reddish  salmon,  scutellum  pale  yellowish,  tibiae 
yellowish  basally;  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length 
three     times     its     diameter.       Bred      from     decaying 

wood   flavotibialis    Felt,  ai -4.5.4 

cc  Abdomen  pale  yellowish,  scutellum  reddish  brown;   Sth 
antennal   segment   with   a   length   twice  its   diameter., 
maculosa    n.    sp.,    C.    2S8 
bbb  II  antennal  segments 

c  Antennal    stem    ^    the   length    of   the   basal    enlargement, 
male 
d  Abdomen  yellowish  red,  scutellum  reddish  yellow, 
tibiae    yellowish    basally;    bred    from    decaying 

wood flavotibialis    Felt,  31454 

bbbb  12  antennal  segments,  sessile   or  subsessile 

c  Abdomen  and  scutellum  deep  carmine;  5th  antennal  seg- 
ment with  a  length  twice  its  diameter;  palpi  long, 
slender ;  lobes  of  the  ovipositor  with  a  length  3  times 

their  width,  female;  bred  from  Solidago 

carbon  aria  Felt,  C.  713 
cc  Abdomen  and  scutellum  dark  reddish  brown;  5th  an- 
tennal segment  with  a  length  K'  greater  than  its 
diameter;  palpi  rather  short,  stout;  lobes  of  the  ovi- 
positor with  a  length  about  4  times  their  width,  female. 
Taken  on  New  England  tea.  .v  e  r  n  a  1  i  s    n.  sp.,  C.  262 

ccc  Abdomen  dark  reddish  salmon,  scutellum  red,  male 

b  i  d  c  n  t  a  t  a    I'clt,  C.  3 15 
bbbbb  13  antennal   segments,   sessile  or  subsessile 
c  Females 

d  Abdomen  fuscous  yellowish,  unicolorous,  scutellum 

light  reddish  brown,  bred  from  ash 

fraxinifolia    Felt,  ai648a 

dd  Abdo,mcn     fusc(nis     yellowish     basally,     yellowish 

apically;  scutellum  fuscous  yellowish;  bred  from 

tumid  gall   on  grape vitis  n.  sp.,  aii65b 

ddd  Abdomen   dark   red,   scutellum  reddish  brown... 
k  a  rn  e  r  e  n  s  i  s  n.  sp.,  C.   128 

dddd  Abdomen   and  scutellum  reddish  brown 

spiraeina    n.   sp.,   C.   I33 


34-  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

ddddd  Abdomen   dark   orange,    scutellum   brown ;    taken 

ovipositing  in  June  grass 

g  r  a  m  i  n  i  s    n.  sp.,  C.  1209 
bbbbbb  14  antennal  segments 

c  Females,  antennal  segments  sessile 

d  Abdomen  j'ellowish  or  yellowish   orange 
e  Ovipositor  long 

f  Abdomen  light  yellowish,  scutellum  pale 
yellowish ;  Sth  antennal  segment  with  a 
length  ]/2  greater  than  its  diameter; 
terminal  lobes  of  ovipositor  long,  nearly 
oval,  hardly  tapering  distally.  Bred 
from  loose  bud  gall  on  peppermint.... 
piperitae  n.  sp.,  ai663a 
ff  Abdomen  light  yellowish  red,  scutellum 
yellowish  carmine;  the  5th  antennal  seg- 
ment with  a  length  J/2  longer  than  its 
diameter;   lobes   of   the   ovipositor   long 

and     tapering    distally 

b  o  r  e  a  1  i  s  Felt,  C.  160 
fff  Abdomen  yellowish  brown,  scutellum  red- 
dish brown;  5th  antennal  segment  with 
a  length  twice  its  diameter ;  terminal  an- 
tennal segment  much  produced,  tlio  3d 
and  4th  palpal  segments  equal ;  terminal 
lobes  of  the  ovipositor  long,  slender  am! 

narrowly  oval.     Bred   from  acorns 

g]  a  n  (1  i  s    n.   sp.,  C.   1030 
cc  Ovipositor  sliort 

/Body  a  pale  lemon-yellow;  5th  antennal 
.segment  with  a  length  2j4  times  its 
diameter;  4th  palpal  segment  '/  longer 
than  3d ;  lobes  of  ovipositor  small, 
roundly  f|uadrale.  lired  from  hairy  leaf 
fold  on  Corylus.  .cory  li  Felt,  ai543 
ff  Abdomen  pale  fuscous  orange;  5th  antennal 
segment  with  a  length  2^1  times  its 
diameter;  3I  ;i'id  4II1  P-'lpal  segments 
equal;  lobes  of  ovipositor  rather  broadly 

oval 

r  A  sphondylia  )    carpini    I'elt,    C.    34^ 
dd  Abdomen  dark  brown 
c  Ovipositor  long 

f  Scutellum  fuscous  red  ;  5th  antennal  seg- 
ment with  a  length  twice  its  diameter, 
tapering    distally;    3d    and    4II1    palpal 

segments  equal 

a  u  r  i  h  i  r  t  a    11.  sp.,  C.  5"9 


REPORT   OK    Till-:    STA'IK    ENTOMOr.fXilST    T()07  34^ 

/■/'  Scuk'llum      rcddisli     brown;     51I1     antcnnal 
segment  with   a   length   yi   greater   than 

Its  diameter 

p  Ii  o  t  o  p  li  i  1  a    FeU,  C.  193,  194,  58() 

//'/   Scutelluni     yellt)\vish     brown;     5tli     antennal 

segment    ,'/j    longer   than   its   diameter. 

Bred  from  blackberry  blossom 

rubiflorae   n.    sp.,    C.    990 

ffff  Incisures   and   pleurae  yellowish,   tibiae   and 

tarsi  dark  browm ;  5th  antennal  segment 

with  a  length  twice  its  diameter.     Bred. 

from  loose  bud  gall  on  Anemone 

anemone    Felt,    31522 

ce  Ovipositor  short 

f  Abdomen  dark  brown,  scutellum  brown, 
incisures  fuscous  yellowish ;  5th  anten- 
nal   segment    with    a    length    about    J/ 

greater  than  its  diameter 

b  r  e  V  i  c  a  u  d  a    n.    sp.,  C.  340,  437,  501 

cc  Males,  antennal  segments  stemmed 

d  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  stem  J.<5  the  length  of 

the  basal  enlargement 

e  Abdomen   dark  brown,   scutellum   yellowish.. 

p  h  o  t  o  p  h  i  1  a   Felt,   C.   194 

ee  Abdomen    yellowish     brown,     scutellum    pale 

yellowish.      Bred    from    Yucca 

y  u  c  c  a  c    n.  sp.,  C.  1053 
dd  Antcnnal  stem  with  a  length  ■;4  the  basal  enlarge- 
ment 

c  Abdomen      fuscous      yellowish,      unicolorous ; 

dorsal  plate,  deeply  and  triangularly  incised. 

fraxinifolia    Felt,  ai648a 

ee  Abdomen   fuscous  yellowish  basally  and  apic- 

ally,    middle    segment    dark   brown;    dorsal 

plate   narrowly   incised    

a  m  p  e  1  o  p  h  i  1  a    n.    sp.,    C.   449 
eee  Abdomen    light    brown,     scutellum     yellowish 

brown.     Bred  from  blackberry  blossom 

rubiflorae   n.  sp.,  C.  990 
eeee  Abdomen  dark  brown 

f  The  basal  enlargement  of  the  5th  antennal 
segment  with  a  length  twice  its  diam- 
eter; the  terminal  segments  with  a 
distinct  process,  .s  e  t  o  s  a  Felt,  C.  750 
ff  The  basal  enlargement  of  the  5th  antcnnal 
segment  with  a  length  14  greater  than 
its  diameter,  the  terminal  segment  nar- 
rowly oval  with  the  apical  process  rudi- 
mentary or  wanting;  palp  rather 
slender;  basal  tooth  of  claw  very  lonp 


344  ^'EW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

g  Basal    clasp    scgnionl    stout    with    a 
length  3  times  its  diameter,  tapering 

distally 

u  n  g  u  i  c  u  1  a    Felt,    C.    1225 

gg  Basal   clasp   segment   slender   witli    a 

length  4  times  its  diameter,  hardly 

tapering  distally 

pudorosa   n.    sp.,   C.   279 

fff  The  basal  enlargement  of  the  5th  anten- 

nal  segment  with  a  length  %  greater 

than  its  diameter ;  palp  rather  stout ; 

basal   tooth   of  the  claw  shorter 

simulator   n.    sp.    C.   445,   627 
ddd  5th  antennal  segment  with  tlic  stem  as  long  as  the 
basal  enlargement 

e  Abdomen  dark  orange,  scutellum  pale  yellow- 
ish ;  the  basal  enlargement  of  the  5th  anten- 
nal segment  with  a  length  2j,^  times  its 
diameter ;  the  circumfili  heavy  and  very 
irregular.    Bred  from  hairy  leaf  fold  gall  of 

Corylus coryli    Fe'.t,  31543 

bbbbbbb  15  antennal  segments 

c  Females,  segments  sessile 

d  Abdomen   dark  brown,   scutellum   reddish   brt)wn ; 
ovipositor   not   longer   than   the   body,   the  lobes 

with   a  length  about  5  times  their  width 

?  t  r  i  f  o  1  i  i    Loew,  C.  456,  742 

dd  Abdomen    dark   brown,   scutellum   brownish    red ; 

ovipositor  distinctly  shorter  than   the  body,  tiie 

lobes  with  a  length  about  3  times  the  diameter. 

Bred    f rf m   apical   ImuI   gall    on   blueberry 

cyanococci  Felt,  ai7CO 

ddd  Abdomen  pale  yellowish,   scutellum  pale  orange; 

5th   antennal    segment   witii   a    length    about    J/^ 

greater  than  its  dianiiter 

f  1  a  V  e  s  c  e  n  s    n.  sp.,  C.  601 
cc  Males,  antennal   segimnis  stenmied 

d  5th  antennal  segment  with  the  stem  Jj  the  lenglli 
of  the  basal  enlargement 
c  Abdomen    light    fuscous    yellowish,    scutellum 

pale  orange.      Bred    from   Clematis 

c  1  e  m  a  t  i  d  i  s    n.  sp.,  31659 
dd  5tli  anlcmial  segment  with  tlie  stem  V^  ''n^'  'fuglh 
of  basal   enlargement 

c  Abtlomen  yellowish  red,  scutellum  yellmvisli ; 
basal  enlargement  of  the  5tli  antennal  seg- 
ment with  a  length  5^  greater  than  its 
diameter,    liie     151I1    pnxluced    rmd    wilh    a 

biiglli  3  limes   its   diauulcr 

f  i  1  i  c  i  s   Fell,  C.  43 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  345 

ee  Abdomen  dark  brown;  basal  enlargement  ot 
5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  J/2 
greater  than  its  diameter,  the  T5th  not  pro- 
duced, nearly  oval.     Bred  from  loose  apical 

bud  gall  on  Anemone 

anemone    Felt,    a  1522 
bbbhbbbh  16  antennal  segments 

c  Females,  antennal  segments  sessile 

d  Abdomen  dark  brown,  scutellum  reddish  orange; 
5th  antennal   segment  with   a  length   K'   greater 

than    its    diameter 

flavicornis    n.   sp.,  aii54 
dd  Abdomen  reddish  or   light  brown 

e  Abdomen  reddish  brown,  scutellum  fuscous 
yellowish;  the  5th  antennal  segment  with 
a  length  twice  its  diameter.  Bred  from  leaf 
gall  on  cranberry.v  a  cc  i  n  i  i  Smith,  C.  957 
ce  Abdomen  light  brown,  scutellum  dark  red ;  5th 
antennal  segment  with  a  length  Yz  greater 
than  its  diameter. m  o  d  e  s  t  a  n.  sp.,  C.  1200 
ddd  Abdomen  yellowish 

e  Abdomen  and  scutellum  pale  yellowish.     Bred 

from  ash apicatus    n.  sp.,  ar7i2 

ee  Abdomen    fuscous    yellowish,    scutellum    light 
fuscous  yellowish.      Bred   from   Clematis... 
c  1  e  m  a  t  i  d  i  s    n.  sp.,  31659 
cc  Antennal   segments  stemmed 

d  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  stem  ^4  the  length 
of  the  basal  enlargement 
e  Abdomen   yellowish    red,    scutellum   yellowish 
red;  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  2]^ 

times  its  diameter,  female 

c  a  r  i  c  i  s  Felt,  Cm 
dd  5th   antennal   segment   with  a  stem   yi   the  length 
of  the  basal  enlargement,  males 
c  Abdomen  dark  brown,  scutellum  reddish  brown 
q  u  e  r  c  i  n  a  Felt,  C.  47 
ddd  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  stem  as  long  as  the 
basal  enlargement,  males 
e  Abdomen    reddish    brown,    scutellum    fuscous 
yellowish.    Bred  from  leaf  pall  on  cranberry 
V  a  c  c  i  n  i  i    Smith,  C.  957 
dddd  5th  antennal   segment  with  a  length   1J/4   that   ot 
the  basal  enlargement,  males 
e  Abdomen  yellowish  brown,  scutellum  reddish 

brown   c  a  r  i  c  i  s    T'elt,  C.  1 10 

bbbbbbbbb  17  antennal  segments 

c  Female,  antennal  segments  sessile 


34^  Ni:\V    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

d  Abdomen  reddish  brown,  scutelluni  fuscous  yellow- 
ish ;  5th  antenna!  segment  with  a  length  %  greater 
than  its  diameter ;  ovipositor  7^  the  length  of  the 
abdomen,   terminal   lobes   short   and  broad.     Bred 

from  Lepidium lepidii    n.    sp.,    C.    1035 

cc  Males,  5th  antennal  segment  with  the  stem  J-4  the  lengtli 
of  the  basal  enlargement 
.      d  Abdomen  pale  yellowish,  scutcllum  reddish  brown ; 
bred  presumably  from  the  common  tumid  midrib 

gall  on  ash t  u  m  i  d  o  s  a  e    n.    sp.,  ai532 

bbbbbbbbbb  18  antennal  segments 

c  Females,  antennal  segments  sessile 

d  Abdomen  pale  reddish  brown,  scutellum  dull  brown  ; 
the  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  y2  greater 

than  its  diameter 

m  u  It  i  a  n  u  1  a  t  a     n.    sp.,    C.    261 

dd  Abdomen  dark  reddish  brown,  scutellum  yellowish 

brown,  ovipositor  short,  the  terminal  lobes  very 

short  and  broad florid  a    n.  sp.,  C.  1057 

aa  3d  vein  straight  or  nearly  so  [pi.  35,  fig.  3] 

b  Antennal  segments  11,  sessile,  the  5th  with  a  length  ^2  greater 

than  its  diameter,  male aberrata    n.  sp.,  C.  1200a 

bb  Abdomen   fuscous  yellowish,  scutellum   reddish  brown,  seg- 
ments cylindric,  sessile,  with  a  length  J/2  greater  than  the 

diameter,   female cirsioni    n.   sp.,  C.  619 

bbb  13  antennal  segments 

c  Females,  antennal  segments  sessile 

d  Antennal  segments  cylindric  or  nearly  so 

c  .\l;domcn    dark    brown,    scutcllum    black;    the 
5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  twice  its 

diameter s  c  u  t  a  t  a    n.  sp.,  C.  507 

ce  Abdomen     dark     brown,     scutellum     reddish 
brown ;  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length 

14   greater  than  its  diameter 

a  c  c  r  i  f  o  1  i  a   Felt,  C.  66 

cee  Abdomen  lijiht  brown,  scutcllum  dark  brown ; 

5th    antennal    scgnunt     with    a    length     '/i 

greater  than  its  diameter.     The  legs  shorter 

and  stouter  tlian   in   D  .   s  c  u  t  a  t  a 

a  1  b  II  ii  i  r  t  a    n.  sp.,  C.  44 

cccc  .\bdomen    reddish    brown,    scutellum    brown; 

the  5lh  antennal  segment  with  a  lenj^th  twice 

its  diameter s  i  m  i  1  i  s    n.  sp.,  C.  596 

rreci'  Abdomen     yellow,     thorax     tinged     with     red. 
Bred  from  root  gall  on  Rhus,  .'r  h  o  i  s  Coq. 
dd  Antennal  segments  more  or  less  oval 

'  Loc.'ition  provisional. 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  347 

e  Abdomen      dark     brown,      scutellum     reddish 
brown ;    the    5th    antennal    segment    with   a 
length    K'    greater    than    its    diameter;    4th- 
palpal  segment  twice  the  length  of  the  3d., 
antennata    n.  sp.,  C.  213 
ec  Abdomen  pale  salmon,  scutellum  fuscous  yel- 
lowish ;  sth  antennal  segment  with  a  length 
twice  its   diameter ;   the   3d   and  4th   palpal 
segments  equal,  .canadensis    Felt,  ai428 
bbhb  14  antennal  segments 

d  Females,  antennal  segments  sessile 

e  Abdomen  dark  brown;   sth  antennal   segment 
with    a   length    34    greater   than    its 

diameter 

f  Scutellum  yellowish  brown;  5th  tarsal 
segment  stout  with  a  length  only 
twice  its  diameter.  Lobes  of  the 
ovipositor  stout  with  a  length  about 
2J/2  times  their  width,  and  tapering 
distally  to  the  narrowly  rounded 
apex.     Bred   from   leaves   of  honey 

locust,  Gleditschia 

gleditschiae  O.  S.,  C.  958 
if  Scutellum  dark  brown,  5th  tarsal  seg- 
ment with  a  length  3  times  its 
diameter;  lobes  of  the  ovipositor 
long,  with  a  length  about  3  times 
their  width  and  tapering  but 
slightly.       Bred     from     leaves     of 

locust,  Robinia 

pseudacaciae  Fitch,  ai355 
ce  Abdomen  light  or  reddish  brown 

/  Abdomen  reddish  brown ;  the  5th 
antennal  segment  cylindric  with  a 
length  ^  greater  than  its  diameter; 
palpi    quadriarticulaie.      Bred    from 

bud  gall  on  Salix 

californica   n.    sp.,    C.   981 
ff  Abdomen   light   brown,   antennal    seg- 
ments ovate,  the  Sth  with  a  length 
about  Yi  greater  than  its  diameter; 
palpi  triarticulate.     Bred  from  Lupi- 
nus  ..?leguminicola     C.     1034 
eee  Abdomen    dark    carmine,    scutellum   yellowish ; 
the  5th  antennal  segment  oval,  with  a  length 
about  twice  its  diameter;  palpi  quadriarticu- 

late,  short,  stdut 

d  e  n  t  i  c  u  1  a  t  a  Felt,  C.   156 


348  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

eeee  Abdomen  reddish  orange,  scutellum  dark 
brown ;  the  5th  antcnnal  segment  with  a 
length  Yi  greater  than  its  diameter ;  palpi 
long,  the  4th  segment  being  54  longer  than 

the  3d augusta  n.   sp.,   C.   737 

dd  Antennal  segments  with  a  stem  Yj^  the  length  of 
the  basal  enlargement 

e  Abdomen    dark  brown,    scutellum   fuscous  yel- 
lowish, length  2.25  mm,  female.     Bred  from 

rose  ?    r  OS  a  rum    Hardy,  ai4Qi 

ddd  Antennal  stem  Yi  the  length  of  the  basal  enlarge- 
ment, male 

e  Abdomen    brown,    scutellum    dark    brown 

a  c  e  r  i  f  o  1  i  a  Felt,  C.  72 
dddd   Antcnnal  stem  ^1.  the  lengtli  of  the  basal  enlarge- 
ment, male 
e  Abdomen    and    scutellum    dark    brown.     Bred 

from    locust,    Robinia 

pseud  acaciae  Fitch,  31355 
ddddd  Antennal   stem  as  long  as  the  basal  enlargement, 
male 

c  Abdomen  reddish  brown,  scutellum  fuscous 
brown ;  4th  palpal  segment  a  little  shorter 
than    the   3d.     Bred    from   folded   leaves   of 

white  clover t  r  i  f  o  1  i  i    Loew 

bhbhb  15  antcnnal  segments 

c  Antennal  segments  sessile,  female 
d  Abdomen  dark  reddish 

e  ScuteHum  fuscous  yellowish;  5th  antennal  seg- 
ment with  a  length  twice  its  diameter 

/  4th  palpal  segment  with  a  length  only 
J'4  greater  than  the  3d.     I'.red   from 

lird  >1raw.  Galium 

ga  1  i  i    n.    sp.,  a  1678k 
cc  SculrlhuH    fuscous   orange;   51I1   antennal  seg- 
ment   tapering    distally    with    a    length    2Y1 
times   its   diameter.      Bred   from   Solidago.. 
f  ol  1  i  c  u  I  i    n.    sp.,    aisSi 
ccc  Scutellum   fuscdus  yellowish,  the  5tii  antennal 
segment  with  a  hnglli  _•' j  times  its  diameter 
?  t  r  i  f  o  1  i  i    Loew 
dd  .Abdonuii    dark    brown,    scutellum    yillowisii    and 
fiiseous ;    5tli    antenna!    segment    with    a    length 
twice  its  di;iiiut<T;  4tli  palpal  segment  Yi  linger 

than    the    3d.      I'.red    from    willow,    Salix 

sa  I  i  c  i  f  ol  i  a     Felt,   a  1675 


Ri:iM)RT   OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  349 

ddd  Abdomen  dull  orange-yellow,  scutellum  dark  red ; 
5th  antenna]  segment  with  a  length  2i/^  times 
its  diameter;  4th  palpal  segment  J.'2  longer  than 

the  3d f  u  I  V  a    n.    sp.,    C.   257 

cc  Antcnnal  segments  stemmed,  male 

d  5t!i  antcnnal  segment  with   a   stem   ]/>   tlic  length 
of  the  basal  enlargement 
e  Abdomen    brownish    black,    genitalia    yellow. 

Bred    from    root   gall    on   Rhus 

*  r  h  0  i  s    Coq. 

dd  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  stem  as  long  as  the 

basal  enlargement 

e  Abdomen  yellowish  red.     Taken   on  clover.. 

?  1  e  g  u  m  i  n  i  c  o  1  a     Lintn.,   ai695,   C.    1034 

bbbbbb  16  antcnnal  segments 

c  Antennal  segments  sessile,  female 
d  Abdomen  dark  brown 

e  Scutellum  fuscous  yellowish ;  5th  antennal 
segment  with  a  length  '-<  greater  than  its 
diameter ;  4th  palpal  segment  ^  longer  than 

the   3d.     Bred   from  bud  gall   on   elm 

u  1  m  e  a    n.  sp.,  C.  <S8o 
cc  ScutcUuni   yellowish  brown 

/'  Antcnnal  segments  cylindric,  the  5th 
witli  a  length  about  2^  times  its 
diameter,  the  ovipositor  longer  than 
the  body,  the  lobes  with  a  length 
about     3^^      times      their     breadth. 

Taken  on  clover 

Pleguminicola    Lintn.,  C.  105, 

114,   134,   740 

ff  Antennal    segments    slightly    oval,    the 

5th   with   a   length   ^   greater   than 

its  diameter;   the   ovipositor  longer 

than   the   body,   the   lobes   having  a 

length   four  times  their  breadth.... 

rufipedalis    n.  sp.,  C.  127 

cce  Scutellum  pale   fuscous  orange;   5th  antennal 

segment  with    a   length   twice    its    diameter. 

Bred   from  blossoms  of  Joe  pye  weed 

purpurea    n.  sp.,  a  1693a 

dd  Abdomen  brown,  scutellum  dull  red  ;  5th  antennal 

segment  with  a  length  twice  its  diameter.     Bred 

from    Lysimachia    

lysimachiae  Beutm.,  aii92 

Location  provisioriaL 


350  NEW    YORK    STATE   MUSEUM 

ddd  Abdomen    yellowish    orange,    scutcllum    yellowish 
white;     5th    antennal     segment    with    a     length 

twice  its  diameter 

flavoabdominalis    n.    sp.,    C.    738 
cc  Antennal  segments  stemmed,  males 

d  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  stem  as  long  as  the 
basal  enlargement 
e  Abdomen  dark  brown;  5th  antennal  segment 
with    the    enlargement    J4    longer    than    its 

diameter.     Bred  from  willow,  Salix 

salici  folia    Felt,  31675 
ee  Alidomen     and     scutellum     reddish     brown ; 

taken  on  clover 

?  1  c  g  u  m  i  n  i  c  o  1  a  I.intn.,  C.  125,  457 
cee  Abdomen    brown,    scutcllum    dull    red.     Bred 

from  loose  bud  gall  on  Lysimachia 

1  y  s  i  m  a  c  h  i  a  c  Bcutm.,  aii92 
dd  5tli    antennal    segment    with    the    stem    ]i    longer 
than    tlic  basal   enlargnicnt 
e  Abdomen     dark     reddish     orange,     sctitcUum 

brown a  t  t  e  n  u  a  1  a    n.     sp.,   (".    i2ogh 

bbbbbhb  17  antennal  segments 

d  Antennal  segments  sessile,  females 

e  Abdomen  reddish  brown,  scutellum  yellowish; 
5th    antennal    segment    with    a    length    2]i 

times  its  diameter 

f  1  a  V  o  s  c  u  t  a  Felt,  C.  553 

cc  Abdomen  blood  red,  scutellum  pale  yellowish ; 

Sth    antennal    segment    with    a    length    2'4 

times  its  diameter.     Bred   from   Lysimachia 

1  y  s  i  m  a  c  h  i  a  e  Beutm.,  C.  1240 

ecc  Abdomen   fuscous  orange,  scutcllum  brownish 

orange;  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  lengtli 

twice  its  diameter 

c  o  n  s  o  t)  r  i  n  a   I'^-lt,   C.  215 
cc  Antennal    segments    stemmed,    males 

d  5tli   antennal  segment  with  a   stem  •>:j   the  lenglii 
of  the  basal   enlargement 
c  Abdomen     dark     brown,     scutellum     reddish 

brown ni  e  I  i  1  o  t  i  i     Felt,    C.   744 

dd  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  stem  as  long  as  the 
basal  enlargement 
c  Abdomen    pale    salmon,    scutellum    yellowish 

orange.     Bred  from  spruce  seeds 

canadensis  Felt,  a  1428 

ddd  5lh  antcnnrd  sigMii-nl  with   a  stem  H  longer  than 

llie    basal    enlargement 

c  Abdomen      dark      brown,      sciilclluin      rrddish 

brown p  o  d  ;i  1  i  >;    n.    ^p.,    C   410 


KRPORT   OF    TTIh:    S'PATR    KNTOMOI.OGIST    T907  35 1 

bbbbbbbb  18  antciinal  segments 

c  Abdomen  red,  antennal  segments  with  the  stem  as  long 
as   the   hasal   enlargement   in    the   male,    sessile   in   the 

female.     Bred  from  an  apical  bud  gall  on  alder 

*  s  e  r  r  u  1  a  t  a  e    O.   S. 
RHABDOPHAGA   WcStW. 

This  genus  comprises  a  iiiiniber  of  large,  ustially  reddish 
brown  forms  breeding  mostly  in  woody  galls,  particularly  those 
on  willow.  It  intergrades  with  Dasyneura  and  the  more  typical 
members  may  be  distinguished  by  the  usually  tapering  3d  vein 

uniting  with  the  margin  at  or  very  near  the  apex  of  the  wing  [pi.  35, 

fig.    T]. 

Key  to  species 

a  14  antennal  segments 

b  Segments    sessile;    abdomen    reddish    brown;    claws    rather    stout. 

Bred  apparently   from    a    Rigidae    gall 

s  o  d  a  1  i  t  a  t  i  s    n.  sp.,  ai074b 
aa  15  to  17  antennal  segments 

b  Females;  antennae  short,  segments  sessile 

c  3d  vein  uniting  with  the  costa  at  the  apex;  the  ovipositor 
shorter  than  the  body 
d  17  antennal  segments,  the  5th  with  a  length  twice  its 
diameter;  the  4th  palpal  segment  ^  longer  than  the 
3d ;  the  lobes  of  the  ovipositor  with  a  length  3  times 
the   width.     Bred    from    Triticoides    and    Hordeoides 

galls  of  Walsh 

•triticoides  Walsh,   aio87x,   aio73x 

cfd  16  antennal   segments,  the  5th  with   a  length  twice  its 

diameter,    tapering   distally;    the  4th   palpal    segment 

with  a  length  ^  greater  than  its  diameter;  the  lobes 

of  the  ovipositor  with  a  length  3^  times  their  width. 

Bred  from  an  apparently  typical  Strobiloides  gall 

persimilis    n.  sp.,  ai8ii 
ddd  15  antennal  segments 

e  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  J-j  greater  than 
its  diameter ;  ovipositor  lobe  with  a  length  ^4 
greater  than  its  width;  abdomen  dark  red,  yel- 
lowish basally.     Bred  from  nodular  gall  at  base 

of  willow  twigs n  o  d  II 1  a    Walsh,  31412 

ee  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  2^  times  its 
diameter;  ovipositor  lobe  with  a  length  3  times 
its  width  ;  the  3d  and  4th  palpal  segments  equal. 

Bred  from  willow  twig. 

ramuscula    n.  sp.,  ai449a  ?  C.  1242 
cc  3d  vein  uniting  with   the  costa  a  little  before  the  apex  ;  ovi- 
positor long 


Location  provisional. 


35-  ^'I■-^v  vork  state  muskum 

d  15  antennal  segments 

e  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  K'  greater  than 

its  diameter 

f  iSth  antennal  segment  slightly  extended,  with 

a  length  only  3  times  its  diameter,  the  4th 

palpal  segment  K'  longer  than  the  3d.     Bred 

from    rolled  wdlow  leaves 

p  1  i  c  a  t  a    n.  sp.,  C.  1037 
ce  5th    antennal    segment    with    a    length    twice    its 
diameter 
/  15th  antennal  segment  reduced;  tlio  4th  palpal 
segment    ]4    longer    than    the   ,^i\\    tlie   ovi- 
positor lobe  with  a  length  3  times  its  widtli. 

Bred  from  a  Strobiloides  gail 

?  albovittata   Walsh,  ai442a,  ai433a 

//  13th  antennal  segment  extended,  with  a  length 

fully  5  times  its  diameter ;  3d  and  4th  palpal 

segments     equal ;     ovipcsitor    lobe    witli     a 

length    4    times    its    diameter.     Bred     fro:n 

small,  clustered,  rosette  bud  galls  on  willow 

r  a  c  e  m  i    n.    sp.,    C.    1245 

(id  17  antennal  segments 

e  Wings  broad;  5tii  antennal  segment  with  a  length 

1/2  greater  than  its  diameter ;  4th  palpal  segment 

with  a  length  twice  that  of  the  3d;   ovipositor 

lobe    with    a    length    2i/^    times    its    diameter 

marginata    n.  sp.,  C.  81 

ce  Wings  narrow.;  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length 

twice  its   diameter ;    the  4th   palpal    segment    J4 

longer    than    the    3d ;    ovipositor    lobe    with    a 

length  3  times  its  width.     Bred  from  irregular 

twig  gall  on  willow. .  .s  a  1  i  c  i  s    Schrank,  ai356 

hh  Males;  antennal  segments  stemmed 

c  5th  antennal  segments  with  a  length  K'  t'l-'l  "^  *'ic  basal  en- 
largement 
(/  Antennae  sknder,  tlic  basal  enlargement  of  ihe  5th 
segment  with  a  length  twice  its  diameter;  the  pall>i 
slender,  the  4th  >i  longer  than  the  3d;  harpes  with  a 
long   chitinous    process    apically.     Bred    from    willow 

t  wig r  a  m  u  s  c  u  1  a    n.   s|>.,   a  r  44Ma 

dd  Aniennao  stout,  the  basal  enlargement  of  tiie  .sHi  s^'K" 
ment  with  a  length  ,'/.  greater  than  its  diameter;  the 
3d  and  4th  palpal  segments  e(|ual ;  harpes  without 
long  thitinous  processes  apically.  Bred  fr():n  a  nod- 
ular gall  at  the  base  of  willow  twig 

nodula    Walsh,  ai4i2,  C.  7/9 
cc  5th  antennal   segment   with  a   length   M   that   of  the  basal  en- 
largement 
d  Antennae  nearly  as  long  as  the  body 


KEl'ORT   OF    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  353 

e  The   basal   enlargement   of   the   S^'i   antennal   seg- 
ment  with'  a   length    twice   that   of   its    di- 
ameter 
/  Wings    broad,    with    a    lengtli    only    about    Vz 
greater  than  the  width 
g  16    antennal    segments;    tlie    3d    and    4th 
palpal    segments    equal.     Bred    from    an 
inconspicuous  knotted  gall  on  willow.. 
1  a  t  i  p  c  n  n  i  s    n.  sp.,  C.   782 
/■/■  Wings  slender,  with  a  length  about  2V2  times 
their  width 
g  Claws    strongly    curved,    the    basal    tooth 
long 
h  17   antennal   segments,    the   basal    en- 
largement of  the  Sth  with  a  length 
2^     times    its    diameter ;    the    4th 
palpal    segment   ^    longer   than   the 
3d.     Bred   from   irregular  stem  gall 

on  willow 

s  a  1  i  c  i  s    Schrank,  ai35t) 
gg  Claws    long,    slightly    curved,    the    basal 
tooth  small 
h   17    antennal    segments,    the   basal    en- 
largement of  the  5th  ovate,  with  a 

length  twice  its  diameter 

californica    n.  sp.,  C.  1012 
hh  18  antennal  segments,  the  5th  having 
the     basal     enlargement     cylindric, 
with  a  length  2K'  times  its  diameter 
occidentalis  n.  sp.,  C.  1073 
ee  Basal    enlargement   of   the    5th    antennal    segment 
with  a  length  only   ^   greater  than  its   di- 
ameter 
/  16  antennal  segments;  bred  from  a  Triticoides 

and  Hordeoides  gall  of  Walsh 

triticoides    Walsh,    ai076,    aio87c 
dd  Antennae  about  Vt,  the  length  of  the  body 

e  Subcosta  uniting  witli  the  margin  just  before  the 
basal  half 
f  16  antennal  segments,  the  5th  having  the  basal 
enlargement    with    a    length    twice    its    di- 
ameter;   the   4th    palpal    segment   twice    the 

length  of  the  3d.     Taken  on  red  clover 

prate  n  sis   n.  sp.,  C  141 

//  17  antennal  segments,  the  5th  having  the  basal 

enlargement    V2    longer   than    its    diameter; 

the  3d  and  4th  palpal  segments  equal;  bred 

from   small   clustered  rosette  bud   galls  on 

willow racerrii    n.  sp.,  C.   1245 

ee  Subcosta  uniting  with  the  margin  at  the  basal  3d 
12 


354  m:w  YORK  state  museum 

/  5tli    antennal    segment    having   the   basal   en- 
largement with  a  length  J4  greater  than 
its  diameter 
g  15   antennal    segments ;    the  ventral   plate 
slender,    deeply    emarginate,    the    lobes 

short ;  harpcs  subacute  

a  c  e  r  i  f  o  1  i  a   Felt,  C.  36 
gg  16  antennal  segments ;  ventral  plate  stout, 
deeply     emarginate,     the     lobes     long; 
harpes   truncate;   bred   from  large   ter- 
minal rosette  bud  gall  on  rose 

rosacea   n.  sp.,  C.  1244 
//  5th    antennal    segment    having    the    basal    en- 
largement  with   a    length   twice    its    di- 
ameter 
g  15    antennal    segments;    harpes    ob'iquely 
truncate     with     conspicuous     quadrate 
teeth;    bred    from    a    subglobular    poly- 
thalamous  gall  on  side  of  willow  twig 
globosa   n.  sp.,  aio84a 
gg  17   antennal   segments;     harpes     subacute 
with  variable  quadrate  teeth ;  bred  from 
a    Triticoides    and    Hordeoides    gall    of 

Walsh 

triticoides    Walsh,   ai076,   aioS; 
ccc  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  stem  as  long  as  the  basal  en- 
largement 
d  16  antennal  segments,  the  5th  having  the  basal  enlarge- 
ment with  a  length  ,'4  greater  than  its  diameter;  the 
4th  palpal  segment  %  longer  than  the  3d;  bred  from 
a  Strobiloidcs  gall. .  ?  a  1  b  o  v  i  1 1  a  t  a  Walsli,  a  1442b 
cccc  5th  antennal   segment  with  a  stem   I4   longer  tlian   tlie  basal 
enlargement 
d  16  antennal  segments ;  the  dorsal  plate  triangularly  in- 
cised ;    ventral    plate    deeply    and    narrowly    incised ; 

bred  from  a  deformed  willow  bud 

g  e  m  m  a  e    n.    sp.,    C.    254 
aaa  18  to  20  antennal  segments 

b  Females,  antennal  segments  sessile 
c  18  antennal  segments 

d  Antennal  segments  tapering  distaliy 

e  Length  2.5  mm;  abdomen  dark  brown;  the  5(li  an- 
tennal segment  with  a  length  K>  greater  than  its 
diameter;  tiiinly  setulosc;  the  4th  palpal  segment 
y2  longer  tlian  the  3d;  bred  from  wliitish  cocoons 

on    poplar p  n  p  u  1  i    Felt,  C.  78X,  3322,  ail26 

re  Length  3  nun;  abdomen  dark  brown;  the  5th  an- 
Icimal  segment  with  a  length  twice  its  diameter; 
thickly  seluluse;  4th  palpal  segment  ]4  longer 
than  the  3d;  bred  from  a  small,  oval,  rosette  gall 
on  willow n  o  r  m  a  n  i  a  n  a    n.  sp.,  C.  1246 


i<i:i-(.KT  OF  Tin-:  state  extomologist  1907  355 

ccc  Length  1.5  mm;  abdomen  reddish  brown;  the  5th 
antennal  segment  with  a  length  twice  its  di- 
ameter ;  thickly  setulose ;  the  4th  palpal  segment 
J4  longer  than  the  3d;  bred  from  twigs  on  Cepha- 

lanthus cephalanthi    n.    sp.,    C.    1048 

cc  19  or  20  antennal  segments 

d  Abdomen  dark  browm ;  the  5th  antennal  segment  with  a 
length  J/2  greater  than  its  diameter;  the  3d  and  4th 
palpal  segments   equal;  bred  from  a  gouty  twig  gall 

on  willow batatas   Walsh,  a686,  aii02,  aiio8 

(/(/  Abdomen  reddish  brown ;  the  5th  antennal  segment  with 
a  length  twice  its  diameter;  the  4th  palpal  segment  Ya 
longer  than  the  3d;  bred  from  a  fleshy  pouch  gall  on 

Spiraea  leaf salicifolia   Felt,  C.  1045,  ^1505 

hb  Males,  antennal  segments  stemmed 

(■  S'.em  of  the  5th  antennal  segment  Yi  the  length  of  the  basal 

enlargement 

d  \g  antennal  segments;   length  3   mm;   dorsal  plate  very 

deeply  incised,  almost  divided  ;  the  harpes  truncate  .  . 

consobrina    Felt,  C.  39 

dd  18  antennal   segments;   length  2mm;   dorsal  plate  very 

deeply   emarginate ;    harpes    subtriangular ;    bred    from 

whitish  cocoon    on    poplar 

populi    Felt,  C.  78X,  a322,  aii26 
cc  Stem  of  the  5th  antennal  segment  Y2  the  length  of  the  basal 
enlargement 

d  Length  2.5  mm;   harpes   rounded  distally 

absobrina    Felt,   C.  40 
ccc  Stem  of  the  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  ^  that  of 
the  basal  enlargement 
d  Length  2.5  mm  ;  ventral  plate  long,  narrowly  and  deeply 

incised;   bred  from  gouty  gall  on  willow  twig 

batatas    Walsh,  a686,  aii02,  aiioS 
cccc  Stem  of  the  5th  antennal  segment  as  long  as  the  basal   en- 
largement 
d  Length  1.5  mm;  ventral  plate  long  and  broadly  rounded 
distally;  bred  from  pouch  fold  gall  on  Spiraea  leaf., 
salicifolia   Felt,  aiso5 
aaaa  21  or  more  antennal  segments 

/'  Females,  segments  sessile  or  subsessile 

c  Length  4  mm;  22  to  23  antennal  segments,  the  5th  with  a 
length  twice  its   diameter;   abdomen  dark  reddish  brown; 

bred   from  inconspicuous  swellings  on   willow  twigs 

p  o  d  a  g  r  a  c    n.  sp..  ai399,  aroyfiy 
cc  Length  3  mm  ;  2(i-2()  antennal  segments.     Bred  from  clustered 

rcsetle  gall   on   dwarf  willow 

r  h  o  d  o  i  d  e  s    Walsh,  C.  1247,  77S-77 

ccc  J5  to  26  antennal  segments ;  lateral  whitish  tufts  on  abdomen 

usually  well  marked ;  lobes  of  ovipositor  oval  with  a  length 

twice  their  breadth;  bred  from  pine  cone  gall  on  willow.. 

strobiloides    Walsh 


35^  -N'KW    VORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

cccc  24  antennal  segments ;  the  lateral  tufts  on  abdomen  not  well 
marked;  lobes  of  ovipositor  long,  narrowly  oval,  with  a 
length   2J-4    times    the    width;    bred    from    rosette    gall    on 

willow    brassicoides    Walsh 

bb  Males,  antenna!   segments  stemmed 

c  Stem  of  the  5th  antennal   segment  with   a  length  -}{;  of  the 

basal  enlargement,  males 

d  23  antennal  segments  ;  the  4th  palpal  segment  J2  longer 

than  the  3d ;  apical  proccssses  on  harpes  short,  broadly 

rounded  ;    length   4  mm  ;    lateral  tufts  on  abdomen   well 

marked;  bred  from  pine  cone  gall  on  willow 

strobiloides  Walsh,  aii73,  ai340,  ai442,  C.  1248 
dd  22  antennal  segments ;  4th  palpaJ  segment  as  long  as  the 
3d;  the  apical  chitinous  processes  on  the  harpes,  long, 
subquadrate;  length  3.5  mm;  lateral  tufts  on  abdomen 
not  well  marked ;  bred  from  loose  leaf  rosette  gall  on 

willow • 

brassicoides     Walsh,   31433,   31467 

ddd  2^  to  25  antennal   segments;   harpes  broadly   truncate; 

length  4  mm ;  bred  from  large  loose  apical  leaf  gall  on 

willow   ?  r  h  o  d  o  i  d  e  s    Walsh,  C.  775~77,  i-47 

dddd  21   to  23  antennal   segments;   length   3   nmi ;   bred   from 

slightly  swollen  willow  twigs 

podagrae    n.  sp.,  31399,  3i076y 

OLIGOTROPllIARIAF. 
Tliis  group  is  composed  mostly  of  rather  large  species  which 
may  be  recognized  by  the  third  vein  being  well  separated  from 
the   anterior   margin,    the    rather   short    cylindric   antennal    seg- 
ments, and  the  simjilc  claws. 

HOST    PLANTS    AND    GALLS    OF    THE    OLIGOTROPHIARIAE 

The  following  tabulation  of  the  known  galls  produced  by 
members  of  this  group  will  undoubtedly  prove  of  service  in 
identifying  the  various  species. 

Antennaria 

Oval  bud   gall   on    A  .  p  1  a  n  t  a  g  i  n  i  f  o  I  i  a 

1^  ii  o  p  a  1  o  m  y  i  a  a  n  t  c  n  n  a  r  i  a  c  ,  C.  960 

Woolly  apical  galls  presumably  on   Antennaria 

R  h  o  p  a  (1  o  m  y  i  a    p  i  1  n  s  a,    C.    1215 

Artemisia 

Globular  woolly  galls  about   i   cm  in  diameter 

R  h  o  p  a  1  o  m  y  i  a    a  1 1  i  c  o  1  a,    C.   768 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  357 

Aster 

Dwarf  flower  heads  on    A  .    p  a  n  i  c  u  1  a  t  a 

Rhopalomyia  asteriflorae   C.   ai757 

Axillarj'  bud  galls  on    A.    lateriflorus 

Rhopalomyia  lateriflori,  C.  ai73i 
Oval  twig  gall  on    A.*  novae-angliae 

Rhopalomyia    astericaulis,    C.  1 107a 

Audibertia  stachyoides 

Gall  undescribed   Rhopalomyia    audibertiae,    C.  1029 

Baccharis  pilularis 

Flower  gall Rhopalomyia    californica,    C.  1003,  983,  984 

Stem  gall Rhopalomyia    baccliaris,    C.  982 

Betula  (birch) 
Bred   from   seeds Oligotrophus    betulae    Winn. 

Bigelovia 

Hollow,  stem  gall Rhopalomyia    bigeloviae,    C.  1070 

Oval  seed  gall Rhopalomyia    bigelovioides,    C.  940 

Celtis  (hackberry) 
Leaves    Mayetiola    celtiphyllia,    C.  913,  918 

Comptonia  (sweetfern) 
Fleshy  leaf  fold Janetiella    a  s  p  1  e  n  i  f  o  1  i  a  ,   C.    1103 

Gutierrezia  sarothrae 

Oval  swelling  in  flower  heads 

Rhopalomyia     gutierrezia  e,     C.    ai742 

Hordeum  (barley) 
Leaf  sheaths    Mayetiola    destructor,    C.  771.  112 

Juniperinus  californica  (juniper) 
Galled  fruit  Walshomyia   juniperina,    C.  1049 

Ribes  (currant) 

]\T  a  y  e  t  i  o  1  a    californica,    C.  919 

Salix  (willow) 

Apical  rosette  gall Mayetiola    w  a  1  s  h  i  i ,    C.  774 

Apical  beak  gall Mayetiola    rigidae,  C.  a687 

Slender  twigs Mayetiola    caul  i  cola,  C.  ai822a 

Subglobose  galls  on  slender  twigs  Mayetiola  t  u  m  i  d  o  s  a  e  ,  C.  1300 

Stems    ■. Mayetiola    perocculta,    C.   1251 

Mayetiola     americana,     C.    920 


35^  M-:\V    YORK    STATK    MUSEUM 

Solidago   (goldenrod) 
Flower  galls 

On  S.    canadense 

Subglobular,  smooth,  budlikc,  2  mm  in  diameter 

R  h  o  p  a  1  o  m  y  i  a    r  a  c  c  m  i  c  o  1  a  ,  C.  ai6o5 

Cylindric,  pubescent,  6  mm  long ^ 

R  h  o  p  a  1  o  m  y  i  a    a  n  t  h  o  p  h  i  i  a  ,    C.  1039,  ai6o8 

On    Solidago,    gall   undcscribed    

R  h  o  p  a  1  o  m  y  i  a     c  r  u  z  i  a  n  a  ,    C.  942 
Leaf  galls 

Apical  rosette  galls 

On  S  .    canadense R  h  o  p  a  1  o  m  j-  i  a    Carolina,    C.  ai635 

Rhopalomyia     albipcnnis,    C.    ai655 
O  1  i  g  o  t  r  o  p  h  u  s    i  n  q  u  i  1  i  n  u  s  ,    C.  ai665 

On  S  .  canadense  and   S.    scroti  n  a 

R  li  o  p  a  1  o  m  y  i  a    c  a  p  i  t  a  t  a  ,    C.  a  1750,  ai754 
Rhopalomyia    inquisitor,     C.   ai75oa 

Subapical  or  lateral  oval  gall  on    E  u  t  h  a  m  i  a    1  a  n  c  c  o  1  a  t  a   

R  h  o  p  a  1  o  m  >-  i  a    1  a  n  c  c  o  1  a  t  a  ,    C.  784 
On  leaves 

Eulhaiiiia    Uiiicr(.lala 

Ribbed,   fusiform,  6  nnn   long 

Rhopalomyia     f  u  s  i  f  0  r  m  i  s  ,    C.  ai  150 

Fusiform  stemmed  gall  13  to  i  4  mm  long 

Rhopalomyia    p  e  d  i  c  c  1 1  a  t  a  ,  C.  ai6so 

Solichi(/()  ntgosa 

Very  small,  fusiform,   i  .6  mm  long 

R  h  ( .  p  a  1  n  m  y  i  a    c  1  a  r  k  e  i  ,  C.  a  1634 

Stem  galls 

liiitluimiii    huicci.Jata 
Ribbed,  fusiform,  6  mm . . . . R  li  <>  p  a  1  o  m  y  i  a    f  u  s  i  f  o  r  m  i  s  ,    C.  ai  150 

Fusiform  stemmed  gall,   13   to   14  mm 

R  h  o  p  a  1  o  m  y  i  a    p  e  d  i  c  e  1  1  a  1  a  ,  C.  a  1650 

Subgli  bular,  near  tip,   1.3  cm  in  diameter   

R  h  o  p  a  1  . .  m  y  i  a    1  o  1)  a  t  a  ,    C.  a  1647 

Snlidau" 

Large,   suboval,    near   ground 

R  h  o  p  a  1  o  m  y  i  a  h  i  r  I  i  p  c  s  ,  C.  1059,  ai284 
I'.ulbktlike  at  base  ..f  stem..  R  li  n  p  a  1  ..  m  y  i  a  bull)ula,  C.  11 15 
Stout,   cylindric,  on   root   stock  

R  Iif)pal<.my  la    ih'.mpsoni,     C.      iioo 

Triticum  (wlieat) 
Leaf  sheatb^  M  a  y  e  I  i  o  1  a    .1  e  M  r  t,  c  t  o  r  ,    C.  77i.  772 

Ulmus  1.  Inii 
I'.u.K  anri  u.-m;;.  cnrled  1.  av.s,  . .  ..\1  a  y  .•  i.  -.  1  a    u  1  m  i  .    C.   i.'30.  aiCS? 


REPORT    OF    TIIK    STATK    KXTOMOLOOIST    I907  359 

Viola  (violet) 
Rolled  leaves M  a  y  c  t  i  o  1  a    ( D  i  p  1  o  s  i  s)   v  i  o  1  i  c  o  1  a  ,  C.  ai346 

Vitis  (yrapej 
Tumid  leaf  (vitis J  gall J  a  n  e  t  i  e  1  1  a  b  r  c  v  i  c  a  u  d  a  ,   C.  878 

Key  to  genera 
a  Palpi  uni  or  biarticulate 

b  Ovipositor  of  female  slmrt,   enlarged,  triangular;   terminal   clasp  seg- 
ment of  male  distinctly  prolonged,  not  fusiform.  .  .Walshomyia  n.  g. 
bb  Ovipositor    of   female   short  with   the   sickle-shaped  plate   projecting 

dorsally Sackcnomyia  n.  g. 

bbb  Ovipositor  of   female   fleshy,   at   least  moderately  long,   not  enlarged, 
terminal   lobes   rather   short  and   stout ;   terminal  clasp  segment  of 

male  short,  stout,   fusiform Rhopalomyia  Rubs. 

aa  Palpi   triarticulate Oligotrophus   Latr. 

aaa  Palpi  quadriarticulate 

b  3d  vein  uniting  with  costa  at  the  apex  of  the  wing.  .  .Mayetiola  Kiefif. 

bb  3d  vein  uniting  with  costa  well  before  the  apex  of  the  wing... 

Janetiella  Kieff. 

WALSHOMYIA     n.    g. 

This  genus  appears  to  be  intermediate  between  Rhopalomyia  and 
Rhabdophaga.  It  has  i8  or  19  antennal  segments,  those  of  the 
male  distinctly  stalked,  with  but  one  palpal  segment  and  simple 


33     'Walshomyia  juniperina,   male  and  female  antennal  segments,  much  enlarged.     (Original) 


36o 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


claws.  It  is  separated  from  the  former  by  the  terminal  clasp 
segment  of  the  male  being  distinctly  prolonged,  not  swollen  and 
strongly  fusiform  as  in  Rhopalomyia.  The  structure  of  the 
dorsal  plate,  ventral  plate  and  genitalia  approach  that  of  Rhab- 
dophaga.  The  pulvilli  are  remarkably  long,  being  nearly  twice 
the  length  of  the  claws.  The  female  has  the  terminal  segment 
distinctly  enlarged  to  form  a  subtriangnlar  apical  process  [fig.  35] 
instead  of  the  much  prolonged  ovipositor  of  Rhopalomyia.  Type 
Walshorfiyia    juniperina    n.  sp. 


Fig.  34       Walshomyiaju 
palp  and  claw,  much  enlarged. 


Fig.  35  Walshomyia  juniperirt'a, 
dorsal  view  of  ovipositor,  much  enlarged. 
(Original) 


It  is  a  pleasure  to  dedicate  this  genus  to  the  late  Benjamin 
Dann  Walsh,  who  did  such  thorough  work  upon  the  species  of 
Cecidomyiidac  infesting  the  willow! 


Walshomyia  juniperina   n.    sp. 

Male.  Length  1.5  mm;  antennae  ])robably  extending  to  the 
fourth  abdominal  segment,  thickly  haired,  light  reddish  brown, 
composed  of  18  segments.  Mcsonotum  light  reddish  brown. 
Scutellum  reddish  yellow,  postscutellum  a  little  darker.  Abdo- 
men dark  reddish  brown,  the  genitalia  greatly  enlarged,  reddish 
yellow.  Wings  hyaline.  Haltcres  yellowish  basally,  slightly 
fuscous  apically.     Legs  somewhat  variable  fuscous  yellowish. 

Female.  Length  2  mm.  Antennae  extending  to  the  third 
abdominal  segment,  rather  thickly  haired,  light  reddish  brown, 


KI£1'0RT    VV    THE    STATE    ENTOiMOLOGIST    I907 


361 


composed  of  i6  or  17  segments.  Mesonotum  dark  reddish 
brown  with  submedian  lines  indistinct,  yellowish.  Scutellum 
reddish  yellow,  postscutcllum  reddish  brown.  Abdomen  shiny, 
rather  dark  reddish  brown.  Other  colorational  features  practically 
as  in  the  opposite  sex. 

Bred  June  19, 1884,  from  fruit  of  J  u  n  i  p  e  r  u  s   c  a  1  i  f  o  r  n  i  c  a 
taken  at  New  Indria,  Cal.     Type  C.  1049. 


Fig.  36  Sackenomyia  acerifoiia,  fifth  antennal  segment  and   palp,  much  enlarged. 
(Original) 


Fig.  37     Sackenomyia 
(Original) 


icerifolia,    lateral    view   of    ovipositor,    much    enlarged. 


SACKENOMYIA  n. 


g- 


The  antennae  are  composed  of  twelve  segments;  the  palpi  arc 
triarticulate,  and  the  claws  are  simple.  This  genus  is  easily  dis- 
tinguished by  the  short  ovipositor  with  the  sickle-shaped  blade 
[%•  37]  projecting  dorsally  from  the  posterior  extremity.  Type 
Oligotrophus  acerifolius  Felt.  The  wing  is  shown  on 
plate  36,  figure  2. 


362  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

EHOPALOMYIA      Rubs. 

This  genus  was  erected  in  1892  by  Rubsaanien,  with  R. 
tanaceticola  Karsch  as  type.  This  species  is  a  very  char- 
acteristic form,  the  third  vein  uniting  with  the  margin  at  the 
apex  of  the  wing;,  the  fifth  with  its  distal  portion  very  faint, 
joins  the  posterior  margin  at  the  distal  third,  its  branch  near 
the  basal  .third.  The  pulvilli  are  fully  as  long  as  the  simple 
claws,  the  palpi  uniarticulate  and  the  antennae  composed  of 
19  segments  in  both  sexes.  The  fifth  segment  in  the  male  has 
a  stem  equal  to  the  basal  enlargement,  which  latter  has 
a  length  about  twice  its  diameter,  a  thick  subbasal  whorl  of 
rather  long,  stout  setae  and  the  distal  two  thirds  ornamented 
with  a  thick  whorl  of  long,  curved  setae ;  low  circumfili  pre- 
sumably occur  on  the  enlargement  near  the  basal  third  and 
apically.  The  genitalia  are  of  the  same  type  commonly  seen 
in  American  representatives  of  this  genus.  The  fifth  segment 
of  the  female  antennae  has  a  stem  lA  the  length  of  the  basal 
enlargement,  wdiich  latter  is  produced  and  has  a  length  nearly 
25^  times  its  diameter  and  with  the  distal  two  thirds  irregularly 
traversed  by  rather  numerous  anastomosing  circumfili.  The  ovi- 
positor is  probably  about  ]/>  the  length  of  the  abdomen  when 
fully  extended,  the  terminal  lobes  rather  short,  broad  and  taper- 
ing to  a  broadly  rounded  apex,  rather  sparsely  clothed  with 
coarse  setae. 

The  America'n  representatives  of  this  genus  have  a  very  close  gen- 
eral resemblance,  being  usually  reddish  brown,  rather  large  insects. 
They  vary  widely  in  certain  characteristics,  the  male  antennae  rang- 
ing in  number  from  23  segments  down  to  12  segments,  and  the  stem 
of  the  fifth  segment  varying  in  length  from  about  '4  longer  than 
the  basal  enlargement  to  a  stem  only  Y^,  the  length  of  the  basal  en- 
largement. The  segments  of  the  female  antennae  vary  in  number 
from  25  to  13  and  may  have  a  stem  Yi  the  length  of  tlic  basal  en- 
largement or  be  practically  sessile.  The  palpi  arc  uni  or  ])iarticu- 
late.  The  male  genitalia  and  the  ovipositor  of  the  female  are 
quite  characteristic  of  the  genus,  though  approached  in  form  by 
certain  other  genera.  The  general  appearance  of  the  wing  is 
characteristic,  the  third  vein  uniting  with  the  margin  at  or  very 
close  to  the  apex,  while  the  distal  third  of  the  fifth  vein  is  very- 
faint  rpl.  34,  fig.  2,  10].  The  claws  arc  invariably  simple  and  the 
pulvilli  usually  as  long  or  a  little  longer  than  the  claws. 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE    EXTOMOLOGIST    I9O7  363 

Members  of  this  genus  display  a  marked  preference  for  flower 
or  bud  galls,  a  very  large  proportion  being  reared  from  de- 
formed buds,  among  which  may  be  classed  the  conspicuous 
apical  rosette  galls,  the  less  conspicuous  flower  or  bud  galls  and 
the  reduced  flower  heads.  A  number  also  breed  in  leaf  galls 
such,  for  example,  as  R.  p  e  d  i  c  e  1 1  a  t  a  and  R.  f  u  s  i  f  o  r  m  i  s  , 
both  of  which  inhabit  a  very  characteristic  type  of  gall  appear- 
ing on  the  stem,  the  leaf  or  even  in  the  flower  head. 
Certain  species  breed  in  bud  galls  near  the  base  of  the  stem  as, 
for  example,  R.  b  u  1  b  u  1  a  .  and  one  species.  R.  t  h  o  m  p  s  o  n  i, 
in  the  root  stock.  The  well  known  R.  hirtipes  is  unique 
among  our  eastern  forms,  in  that  it  produces  a  very  character- 
istic gall  on  the  stem.  This  latter  exception,  however,  is  more 
apparent  than  real,  since  the  original  point  of  attack  is  undoubt- 
edly on  the  young  growing  stem,  and  it  might  be  considered 
as  an  injury  just  falling  short  of  the  terminal  bud.  The  last 
named  species  is  easily  separated  from  allied  forms.  American 
members  of  this  genus  display  a  marked  preference  for  Solidago. 
some  fourteen  species  having  been  reared  therefrom,  while  the 
closely  allied  Aster  supports  three  additional  forms.  Each  of 
the  species  of  this  genus  producing  a  gall  on  Solidago,  makes  a 
characteristic  deformity  which  appears  to  be  correlated  with  well 
marked  structural  dififerences  in  the  adult,  and  presumably  by 
divergencies  in  habits. 

Key  to  species 
a  Antennae  -with  20  or  more  segments 

b  24  to  2^   antenna!   segments ;   abdomen   dark  reddish  brown ;   palpi 
biarticulate ;  female,  bred  from  loose,  rosette  galls  on  Solidago 

canadensis Carolina   n.  sp.,  C.  31635 

bb  22  to  23  antennal  segments 

c  Abdomen    dark   brown ;    legs    dark    brown ;    antennal    stem    yi 
longer  than  the   basal  enlargement;   palpi  biarticulate;  male 

m  a  j  o  r    Felt,  C.  90 
cc  Abdomen   reddish  brown  or  brownish   red :   antennal  stem  in 
male  54  and  in  female  ^  the  length  of  the  basal  enlarge- 
ment;   male   and    female,   bred   from    subglobular   stem   gall 

on    Solidago    

(C  e  c  i  d  o  m  y  i  a  )     hirtipes    O.  S..  C.  ai059.  ai284 
bbb  20  to  21  antennal  segments 

c  Antennal  stem  H  longer  than  the  basal  enlargement :  abdomen 

fuscous  3'ellowish ;  legs  fuscuous  yellowish 

d  Palpi  biarticulate,   the  basal   enlargement   with   a  length 

twice   its    diameter;    male,   bred    from    terminal    rosette 

gall  on  Solidago   c  a  p  i  t  a  t  a    n.  sp.,  C.  31750 


364  NEW    VURK    STATK    MUSEUM 

dd  Palpi  uniarticulatc,  basal   enlargement  with  a   length   K' 
greater   than   its   diameter;    male,   bred    from   terminal 

rosette  gall  on  Solidago   

inquisitor    n.  sp.,  C.  ai/soa 
cc  Antenna!  stem  as  long  as  the  basal  enlargement 

d  Abdomen    yellowish    red ;    mesonotum    reddish    brown ; 
wings  narrow;  antennae  with  18  to  20  segments;  male, 

bred  from  subglobular  budlike  gall  on   Solidago 

(Cecidomyia    raccmicola    O.  S.) 

r  a  c  e  m  i  c  o  1  a    n.  sp.,  C.  ai6os 

dd  Abdomen    dark    fuscous    yellowish;    mesonotum    brown; 

wings  broad;  ventral  plate  deeply  emarginate;  male.. 

a  p  ic  at  a    n.  sp.,  C.  529 

ddd  Abdomen  dark  brown ;   mesonotum  dark  brown  ;  wings 

broad,    ventral    plate    slightly    emarginate ;    male,    bred 

from  subcylindric,  pubescent  bud  gall  on  Solidago 

(Cecidomyia)   a  n  t  h  o  p  h  i  1  a  O.  S.,  C.   1039,  ai6o8 
ccc  Antennal  stem  ^  the  length  of  the  basal  enlargement 

d  Wings   with   whitish   cast ;    abdomen   fuscous   yellowish ; 
mesonotum  dark  brown ;  palpi  biarticulate ;  male,  bred 

from   terminal   rosette   gall   on    Solidago 

a  1  b  i  p  e  n  n  i  s  n.  sp.,  C.  31655 
dd  Wings    hyaline ;     abdomen    dark    fuscous ;     mesonotum 
light  brown;  palpi  uniarticulatc;  male,  bred  from  fusi- 
form  leaf  gall   on    Euthamia 

f  u  s  i  f  o  r  m  i  s  Felt,  C.  aliso 

cccc  Antennal   segments   sessile;   abdomen    fuscous   reddish  brown; 

mesonotum  yellowish  brown ;  palpi  biarticulate ;  female,  bred 

from  terminal  rosette  gall  on    Solidago 

capitata    n.  sp.,  C.  ai/so,  31754 

d  Abdomen   rcddisli  orange;  mesonotum  yellowish  brown; 

palpi  uniarticulatc;  female,  bred  from  axillary  l)ud  gall 

on     Aster latcriflori    11.    ?p.,    C.    a  1731 

aa  Antennae  with  18  or  19  segments 

b  Antennal  stem  as  long  as  the  basal  enlargement 
c  Abdomen  reddish  brown 

d  Palpi  uniarliculato;  male,  bred  from  gall  on  Baccharis. . 

c  a  1  i  f  o  r  n  i  c  a    n.  sp.,  C.  1003,  983,  984 

dd  Palpi     biarticulate;     male,     bred     from     stem     gall     on 

Baccharis   baccharis    n.  sp.,  C.  982 

cc  Abdomen  fuscous  yellowish;  mesonMum  reddish  brown;  palpi 

uniarticulatc;  male,  bred  from  axillary  bud  gall  on  Aster.. 

1  a  t  c  r  i  f  1  n  r  i    n.  sp.,  C.  31731 

ccc  Abdomen    ycllowisli     red ;    mesonotum    retldish    brown ;    palpi 

biarticulate;    male,   l)re(l    from   subglobular,   budlike   gall   on 

Solidago raccmicola    n.    sp.,    C.    ai6o5 

bb  Antennal  stem  •>4  the  length  of  the  basal  enlargement 
c  Palpi  biarticulate 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE    EXTO.MOLOGIST    T907  365 

d  Abdomen  brownish  red ;  mesonotum  dark  red ;  male,  bred 

from  ovoid,  fleshy,  root  stock  gall  on  Solidago 

thompsoni    Felt,  C.  1 100 
cc  Palpi  uniarticulate 

d  Antennae  with   19  segments 

e  Abdomen   dark   brown ;    mesonotum   reddish  brown ; 

male abnormis    n.  sp.,  C.  580 

ee  Abdomen    dark    fuscous ;    mesonotum    light    brown ; 
male,  bred  from  fusiform  leaf  gall  on  Euthamia... 
fusiformis    Felt,  C.  31150 
dd  Antennae  with  18  segments 

e  Abdomen  reddish  brown;  mesonotum  reddish  brown 

f  Basal   enlargement  of  antennal  segments   with   a 

length    J4   greater  than  its   diameter;   lobes  of 

dorsal  plate  truncate  apically ;  male 

truncata    n.  sp.,  C.  1050 

ff  Basal   enlargement  of  antennal   segments  with  a 

length  twice  its  diameter ;  lobes  of  dorsal  plate 

rounded   distally;    male,   bred   from   oval    twig 

gall  on  Aster,  .as  te  ri  ca  u  1  i  s    Felt,  C.  1107a 

ee  Abdomen    dark   reddish  brown ;    mesonotum    reddish 

brown;  male,  bred  from  fruit  of  Juniperus 

Walshorhyia    juniperina    n.  sp.,  C.  1049 
eee  Abdomen  fuscous  yellowish 

/  Mesonotum  dark  brown ;  bred  from  bulblike  galls 

on  Solidago bulbula   n.  sp.,  C.  1115 

//  Mesonotum  shining  red ;  male,  bred  from  axillary 

bud  gall  on  Aster .  .• 

lateriflori    n.  sp.,   C.  ai73i 
eeee  Abdomen     yellowish     brown ;      mesonotum     reddish 

brown ;    male p  i  n  i   Felt,   C.    1 16 

bbb  Antennal  stem  with  a  length  Yi  the  basal  enlargement 

c  Abdomen    fuscous    yellowish;    mesonotum    fuscous    yellowish; 
male,  bred  from  stemmed,  fusiform  gall  on  Euthamia  leaves 

or  stems p  e  d  i  c  e  1 1  a  t  a   n.  sp.,  C.  ai6so,  ai3ii 

cc  Abdomen    dark     reddish     brown;     mesonotum    dark     brown; 

female p  a  1  u  s  t  r  i  s    n.    sp.,    C.    1208 

bbbb  Antennal  segments  sessile  or  nearly  so 
c  Palpi  biarticulate 

d  Antennal  segments  19 

e  Abdomen  and  mesonotum  reddish;  female,  bred  from 

subcylindric,  pubescent  bud  gall  on  Solidago 

a  n  t  h  o  p  h  i  1  a   O.  S.,  C.  1039,  ai6o8 

ee  Abdomen    reddish  brown ;    mesonotum    dark   reddish 

brown;  female,  bred  from  stem  gall  on  Baccharis 

baccharis    n.  sp.,  C.  982 

dd  18  antennal  segments 


3^6  -\i:\V    YORK    STATE    .MUSKU.M 

c  Abdomen  dark  carmine;  mcsonuium  briglit  yellowish; 
scutcllum  pale  yellow;  female,  bred  from  subglobu- 

lar,  budlikc   gall  on    Solidago 

r  a  c  e  m  i  c  o  1  a    n.  sp.,  C.  ai6o5 

cc  Abdcmcn    and    mesonotum    dark    brown    or    black ; 

scutcllum  dark  reddish  brown ;   female,  bred  from 

ovcid,  fleshy,  root  stock  gall  on  Solidago 

t  h  o  m  p  s  o  n  i    Felt,  C.   i  ico 
cc  Palpi  uniarticulatc 

d  Antennae  with  19  segments 

c  Abdomen  dark  red;  mesonotum  reddish  brown;  legs 
fuscous    yellowish ;    female,    bred    from    stemmed, 

fusiform  rail  on  Euthamia  leaves  or  stems 

pedicellata  n.  sp.,  C.  ai650,  ai3ii,  686 

cc  Abdomen   dark   brown ;    mesonotum    reddish   brown ; 

legs   dark   brown ;    female,   bred   from   subglobular 

stem  gall  on  Euthamia. .  .1  0  b  a  t  a    n.  sp.,  C.  31647 

ccc  Abdomen    dark    brown ;     mesonotum    dark    brown ; 

tibiae  and  tarsi  fuscous ;  female,  bred  from  dwarf 

flower  heads  of  Aster  

asteriflorae    Felt,  C.  ai757 

ccee  Abdomen    fuscous    yellowish;    mesonotum    yellowish 

brown  ;   legs  fuscous  yellowish ;  female,  bred  from 

terminal  rosette  gall  on  Solidago   

inquisitor    n.  sp.,  C.  ai7Soa 
dd  Antennae  with  18  segments 

<?  Abdomen    reddish    brown:    mesonotum    brown;    legs 
dark  brown;   female,  lir<,<!   from   fusiform  leaf  gall 

on  Euthamia f  u  s  i  f(>  r  ni  i  s    Felt,  C.  843,  31150 

ee  Abdomen    pale   yellowish;    mesonotum    dark    brown; 
legs  fuscous  yellowish;  female,    bred  from  bulblike 

galls  on  Solidago b  u  1  I)  u  1  a    n.  sp.,  C.   II15 

ccc  Abdonun  liglit   brown;   mesonotum  dark  brtnvn  ;  legs 

liglit  Iirown  ;  fini;ilc,  bred  from  gall  on  Bigelovia.  . 

bigelovioidcs    u.  sp.,  C.  940 

ceee  Abdomen    reddish    brown ;    mesonotum   dark    reddish 

brown  ;  legs  light  brown ;  female,  bred  from  gall  on 

Baccharis . .  c  a  1  i  f  o  r  n  i  c  a    n.  sp.,  C.   1003,  983,  984 

mm  Antennae  willi    17  segments  or  less 

h  .Antennae  with  17  segments 

c  .Antcnnal  stem  as  long  as  the  basal  enlargement 

(/  .\l)domen    fuscous  yellowish;   mesonotum  fuscous  yellow- 
ish; male,  bre<l  from  woolly  ai)ical  bud  gall  on  ?Antcn- 

iKiria pilosa    n.  sp.,  C.  1215 

dil  Abdomen  light  brown;  mesonotum  shining  brown;  male, 

bred    from    flower   galls    on    Sr>lidago 

c  r  u  z  i  a  n  a    n.  sp.,  C.  942 
cc  Antennal  stem   •>4   the  lengtli  of  the  basal  enlargement 


I 


Ki:i'URT   OF    THE    STATE    EXTOMOI.OCIST    KJOJ  367 

d  Abdomen  light  jcllowish ;  nusonoium  liglit  brown;  male, 

bred  from  apical  rosette  gall  on  Euthamia 

lanceolata   n.  sp.,  C.  784 
ccc  Antennal  stem  Yi  the  length  of  the  basal  enlargement 

d  Abdomen  light  brown;  mesonotum  dark  brown;  female, 

bred  from  gall  on   Bigelovia  

'bigelovioides    n.  sp.,  C.  940 

dd  Abdomen    fuscous    yellowish ;    mesonotum    dark   brown ; 

female,  bred  from  woolly  apical  bud  gall  on    ?Anten- 

naria pilosa    n.    sp.,    C.    1215 

cfcc  Antennal  segments  sessile  or  nearlj'  so 

d  Abdomen  and  mesonotum  reddish  brown ;  scutellum  red- 
dish yellow;   female,  bred  from  fruit  of  Juniperus 

W  a  1  s  h  o  m  y  i  a   j  u  n  i  p  e  r  i  n  a  n.   sp.,   C.    1049 

(/(/  Abdomen  dull  red ;  mesonotum  and  scutellum  dark  red ; 

female,  bred  from  very  small,  fusiform  gall  on  Solidago 

leaves clarkei    Felt,   C.   ai634 

bb  Antennae  with  16  segments 

c  Antennal  stem  with  a  length  ^  that  of  the  basal  enlargement 
d  Abdomen  dark  reddish  brown ;  mesonotum  dark  brown ; 

male,  bred  from  w^oolly  bud  gall  on  Antennaria 

(Cecidomyia)  antennariae   Whir.,  C.  960 
cc  Antennal  stems  Yz  the  length  of  the  basal  enlargement 

d  Abdomen    yellowish    brown ;    mesonotum    dark    brown ; 

male,  bred  from  woolly,  globular  gall  on  branches  of 

Artemisia  ..(Cecidomyia)   alticola  Ckll.,  C.  768 

dd  Abdomen    dark    reddish    brown ;    mesonotum    brownish 

black;    female,    bred    from    woolly,    globular    gall    on 

branches  of  Artemisia 

(Cecidomyia)    alticola    Ckll.,  C.  768,  ai353 
ccc  Antennal  segments  sessile  or  nearly  so 

d  Abdomen  dark  reddish  brown ;  mesonotum  dark  brown ; 

female,  bred  from  woolly  bud  gall  on  Antennaria 

(Cecidomyia)  antennariae   Whir.,  C.  960 
bbb  Antennae  with  15  segments 

c  Antennal  stem  ^  longer  than  the  basal  enlargement 

d  Abdomen   yellowish   brown;    legs    dark  brown;   on    Soli- 
dago;   male arcuata     Felt,    C.    124 

cc  Antennal  stems  with  a  length  ^  that  of  the  basal  enlargement 

d  Abdomen    and    mesonotum    brown ;    palpi    uniarticulate ; 

male,  bred   from  sul)0val   flower  or  bud   galls   on  Gu- 

tierrezia 

( A  s  p  h  o  n  d  y  1  i  a)    g  u  t  i  c  r  r  e  z  i  a  e  Ckll.,  C.  ai742 
ccc  .\;itcnnal  segments  sessile  or  nearly  so 
d  Palpi  biarticulate 

e  Abdomen    light    brown ;    mesonotum    shining  brown ; 

female,  bred  from  flower  galls  on   Solidago 

c  r  u  z  i  a  n  a    n.  sp.,  C.  942 


368  .\EW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

dd  Palpi  uniarticulate 

e  Abdomen     yellowish;     mesonotum     reddish     brown; 
female,  bred  from  apical  rosette  gall  on  Euthamia 
lanceolata   n,  sp.,  C.  784 
ee  Abdomen   reddish   or   light  yellowish    brown;    meso- 
notum reddish  brown ;  female,  bred  from  a  hollow 

gall  on  Bigelovia big  elo  viae  Ckll,  C.  1070 

bbbb  Antennae  with  13  to  14  segments 

c  Abdomen  brownish   red;    mesonotum   reddish   brown;    female, 

bred  from  suboval  flower  or  bud  galls  on  Gutierrezia 

(Asphondylia)    gutierreziae   Ckll.,   C.   ai742 
cc  Abdomen  and  mesonotum  dark  brown ;  female,  bred  from  gall 

on  Audibertia audibertiae    Felt,  C.  1029 

bbbbb  Antennae  witli  12  segments 

c  Antennal  stem  with  a  length  ^4  that  of  the  basal  enlargement 
d  Abdomen  and  mesonotum  dark  brown;  palpi  uniarticu- 
late; male,  bred  from  gall  on  Audibertia 

audibertiae   Felt,   C.    1029 
cc  Antennal  segments   sessile  or  nearly  so 

d  Abdomen  pale  yellowish ;  palpi  biarticulate  

(Oligotrophus)    Sackenomyia   acerifolia    Felt,  C.  38 

OLIGOTROPHUS      LatF. 

This  group,  as  at  present  restricted,  comprises  a  number  of  forms 
related  to  Dasyneura  and  Rhabdophaga  and  differing  therefrom  by 
having  the  claws  simple.  It  is  separated  from  more  closely  allied 
genera  by  the  triarticulale  palpi.  The  wing  is  illustrated  on  plate 
36,  figure  I. 

Key  to  species 
a  13  or  14  antennal  segments;  abdomen  dark  brown 

b  13  or  14  sessile  antennal  segments,  the  5th  with  the  basal  enlargement 
J4  greater  than  its  diameter,  the  3d  palpal  segment  twice  the  length 

of  the  2d ;  female,  bred  from  Bctula  seeds 

be  tula  c   Winn.,  C.  964 

bb  14  subscssile  antennal  segments,  the   5th   with  a  stem  about  ]4  the 

length  of  the  basal  enlargement,  which  latter  has  a  length  twice  its 

diameter;   the  3d  palpal  segment  is  3  times  the  length  of  the  2d; 

female v  c  r  n  a  1  i  s    n.  sp.,  C.  60 

aa  15  antennal  segments 

b  Abdomen  dark  brown,  the  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  stem  J^  the 

length  of  the  basal  enlargement;  male,  bred  from  Bctula  seeds 

be  t  u  1  ac    Winn.,  C.  964 
aaa  16  antennal  segments 

b  Abdomen  fuscous  yellowish,  the  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  stem  54 
longer  than  the  basal  enlargement;  bred  from  an  apical  rosette 
gall  on  Solidago i  11  (1  u  i  1  i  n  us    11.  sp,,  C.  ai6ssa 


REPORT    OF   TH1-:    STATE    EXTOMOrOGIST    IQO/  369 

MAYETIOLA  Kicff. 

This  genus  is  of  particular  interest,  as  it  includes  the  exceedingly- 
injurious  wheat  pest  known  as  the  Hessian  fly,  M.  destructor 
Say.  It  comprises  an  assemblage  of  species  which  may  be  recog- 
nized by  the  third  vein  uniting  with  costa  at  or  beyond  the  apex,  in 
connection  with  the  quadriarticulate  palpi  and  simple  claws.  Plate 
36,  figure  6  illustrates  a  unique  form,  possibly  the  representative  of 
another  genus. 

Key  to  species 
a  12  to  IS  antennal  segments 
b  12  antennal  segments 

c  Abdomen    yellowish ;    antennae    light    brown,    the   segments    sub- 
sessile;  male (O  li  go  t  r  op  h  u  s)  azaleae    Felt,  C.  48 

bb  13  sessile  or  subsessile  antennal  segments 

c  Abdomen  and  antennae  dark  brown ;  male 

(Oligotrophus)    aceris  Felt,  C.  66a 
cc  Abdomen  reddish  brown;  ovipositor  %   the  length  of  the  body; 

female virginiana    n.  sp.,  C.  80 

ccc  Abdomen  reddish  brown;  ovipositor  as  long  as  the  body;  female 

balsamifera    n.  sp.,  C.  146 
bbb  14  antennal  segments 

c  Posterior  tarsi  normal 

d  Antennal  segments  sessile 

e  Abdomen  reddish  brown,  the  5th  antennal  segment  with 
a  length  twice  its  diameter,  the  4th  palpal  segment  ^ 
longer  than  the  3d ;   ovipositor   1/5   the  length  of  the 

abdomen    electra    n.  sp.,  C.  507 

ee  Abdomen  bright  red,  the  5th  antennal  segment  with  a 
length  2y2  times  its  diameter,  the  4th  palpal  segment 
a  little  longer  than  the  3d;   ovipositor  as  long  as  the 

body,  female ;  bred  from  elm  buds  and  folded  leaves 

u  1  m  i  Beutm.,  C.   1239,  ai683 
dd  Antennal    segments    subsessile,    with    a    stem    %    or    Yz    the 
length  of  the  basal  enlargement 
e  3d  vein  uniting  with  costa  well  beyond  the  apex 

f  Abdomen   pale  yellowish,   the   5th   antennal    segment 
with  a  stem  54  the  length  of  the  basal  enlargement; 

male 

(Oligotrophus)    thalictri    Felt,  C.  98 
1"  ee  3d  vein  uniting  with  costa  just  beyond  the  apex 

/  Abdomen  brownish  red;  ovipositor  short;  female.... 

s  o  c  i  a  I  i  s   n.  sp.,  C.  97 

//  Abdomen    yellowish    or    fuscous    yellowish ;    ventral 

plate  of  the  male  deeply  and  roundly  emarginate 

disially;  the  female  with  the  ovipositor  as  long  as 

the  body ;  bred  from  rolled  violet  leaves 

(Diplosis)  violicola    Coq.,  C.  31346 


370  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

cc  2d  to  4tli  segments  of  the  posterior  tarsi  greatly  enlarged ;  abdo- 
men pale  yellowish,  greenish  dorsally ;  3d  vein  uniting  with 
costa  just  beyond  the  apex;  antennae  dark  brown,  the  5th  seg- 
ment with  a  stem  lA  the  length  of  the  basal  enlargement ;  male 

I  a  t  i  p  e  s    n.   sp.,  C.  511 
hbbb  15  antennal  segments 

c  Abdomen  dark  reddish ;  antennae  dark  rcddisli  brown,  the  5th  seg- 
ment with  a  stem  J4  the  length  of  the  basal  enlargement ;  male 
(Oligotrophus)    tsugae   Felt,  C.  165 
aa  16  to  19  antennal  segments 
b  16  antennal  segments 

c  Antennal   segments   sessile,  the   5th  with  a  length  2j^   times   its 
diameter;   ovipositor   ]/>   the  length   of  the  abdomen 
d  Abdomen  reddish  brown,  the  body  slender,  the  lobes  of  the 
ovipositor    with    a    length    twice    their    width ;    bred    from 

slender   willow   twigs  ;    female 

c  a  u  I  i  c  o  1  a   n.  sp.,  C.  ai822a 
dd  Abdomen  dark  brown,  ihe  body  stout,  the  lobes  of  the  ovi- 
positor with  a  length  3'^  times  their  width ;  bred  from  sub- 
globose  galls  on  slender  willow  twigs 

tumidosae    n.  sp.,  C.  1300 
cc  Antennal  segments  with  more  or  less  of  a  stem 

d  The  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  stem  ^4  the  length  of  the 
basal  enlargement,  which  latter  has  a  length  twice  its 
diameter;  abdomen  yellowish  brown;  3d  and  4th  palpal  seg- 
ments   equal;    bred    from    R  i  b  e  s  ;     female 

c  a  1  i  f  o  r  n  i  c  a    n.  sp.,  C.  919 
dd  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  stem  Yi  the  length  of  the  basal 
enlargement ;  abdomen  dark  brown ;  bred  from  slender  wil- 
low twigs  ;  male c  a  u  1  i  c  0  1  a   n.  sp.,  C.  ai822a 

ddd  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  stem  '<  the  length  of  the  basal 
enlargement ;      abdomen     yellowish      brown ;      bred     from 

R  i  b  e  s  ;  male c  a  1  i  f  o  r  n  i  c  a    n.  sp.,  C.  919 

dddd  5ih  antennal  segment  with  a  stem  J4  longer  than  the  basal 
enlargement;    abdomen    fuscous;   bred   from   elm  buds  and 

folded  leaves u  1  m  i    Beutm.,  C.   1239,  ai683 

hb  \~  antennal  segments 

c  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  stem  Y^  the  length  of  the  basal  en- 
largement ;  abdomen  dark  brown;  bred  from  willow;  male 

a  m  e  r  i  c  a  n  a    n.  sp.,  C.  920 
bbb  18  antennal  segments 

c  5th  anteimal  segment  with  a  stem  l^  t'le  lengtli  of  the  basal  en- 
largement 

d  .MHlomen  reddish  I)rnwii ;  bred  from  wlieat  stems;  male 

(  C  c  c  i  (1  M  in  y  i  ;i  »  <U-  s  t  r  u  c  t  n  r    Say,  C.  771,  772 
bbbb  19  antennal  segments 

c  Abdomen  reddish  brown  ;  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  3 
times  its  diameter;  ovipositor  '4  the  length  of  the  abdomen,  the 
lobe  with  a  length  twice  its  width;  bred  from  wheat  stems; 
ftinalc CC  e  c  i  d  o  m  y  i  a  )    d  c  s  f  r  u  r  t  o  r     Say,    C.    771 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  37 1 

t-c-  Abdomen  dark  brown;  5ih  antcnnal  segment  with  a  length  J._> 
greater  than  its  diameter;  ovipositor  y>  the  length  of  the  abdo- 
men,   the   lobe    with    a    length    3    times    its    widtli;    bred    from 

willow  ;    female a  m  e  r  i  c  a  n  a     n.   sp.,   C.   920 

aaa  20  or  more  antennal  segments 
b  Antennal  segments  sessile 

c  Abdomen  reddish;  24  to  26  antennal  segments,  the  5th  with  a 
length  1/2  greater  than  its  diameter;  the  ovipositor  ^4  the 
length  of  the  abdomen,  the  lobe  with  a  length  Yz  greater  than 

its  width ;  bred  from  apical  beak  gall  on  willow ;  female 

(Cecidomyia,     Rhabdophaga)     rigidae 

O.  S.,  C.  a687 

cc  Abdomen    light    brown;    26    antcnnal    segments,    the    5th    with    a 

length  2j^  times  its  diameter ;   the  ovipositor  ^   the   length  of 

the  abdomen,  the  lobes  wnth  a  length  only  ^  the  width;  bred 

from  a  small  clustered  rosette  willow  gall ;  female 

walshii    n.  sp.,  C.  774,   ?924,  aiSij 

ccc  Abdomen  reddish  brown ;  24  antennal   segments,  the  5th  with  a 

length   2j4   times   its   diameter;    the  ovipositor   as  long   as  the 

body,    the   lobe   with   a   length  4   times   its   width ;    bred    from 

Celtis  leaves  ;  female c  e  1 1  i  p  h  y  1 1  i  a    n.  sp.,  C.  913,  918 

bb  Antennal  segments  with  a  distinct  stem 

c  5th    antennal   segment    with   a   stem    ]^    the   length    of  the   basal 
enlargement 
d  Abdomen   reddish  brown ;  24  antennal  segments ;  bred  from 

a  beak  gall  on  willow ;  male 

(Cecidomyia)    rigidae   O.    S.,   C.   3687 
cc  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length   J4  the  basal  enlargement 

d  Abdomen    dark    brown;    20    antennal    segments;    bred    from 

Salix  stems  ;  male 

(Cecidomyia)    per  occulta    Ckll.,   C.    1251 
dd  Abdomen  pale  yellowish ;  25  to  26  antennal  segments ;  bred 

from  a  small  clustered  rosette  willow  gall;  male 

walshii   n.  sp.,  C.  774 

ccc  5tli  antcnnal  segment  wiih  a  stem  as  long  as  the  basal  enlargement 

d  Abdomen  reddish  brown ;  22  to  23  antennal  segments ;  bred 

from  Celtis  leaves  ;  male 

c  e  1  t  i  p  h  y  1  1  i  a     n.    sp.,    C.   913,   918 

JANETIELLA     Kieff. 

This  genus  comprises  a  ntiniber  of  forms  which  may  be  sepa- 
rated from  Oligotrophtis  Latr.  by  the  quadriarticulate  palps  and 
may  be  distingtiished  from  Mayetiola  Kieff.  by  the  third  vein 
uniting  with  costa  well  before  the  apex  of  the  wing  [pi.  Tf^,  fig.  4]. 

Key  to  species 
o  12  antennal  segments 

b  Abdomen  light  brown,  the  dorsal  plate  triangularly  emarginate ;  male 
(Oligotrophus)  tiliacea   Felt,  C.  83 


■^72  NEW    YORK   STATE    MUSEUM 

t&  Abdomen    fuscous    yellowish,    the    dorsal    plate    deeply    and    broadly 

emarginate ;   male 

(Oligotrophus)    brevicornis    Felt,  C.  281 

hhh  Abdomen  red,  the  ovipositor  rather  short ;  female 

sanguinea    n.  sp.,  C.   17 
aa  14  antennal  segments 

h  Abdomen   reddish  brown,  the  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  stem  ^3 

the  length  of  tlie  basal  enlargment ;  male 

(Oligotrophus)    nodosa    Felt,   C.   10 
hh  Abdomen   fuscous  yellowish,  the  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  stem 

54  the  length  of  the  basal  enlargement ;  male 

a  m  e.r  i  c  a  n  a    n.  sp.,  C.  616 
aaa  15  antennal  segments 

h  Abdomen  deep  orange  and  yellowish,  the  5th  antennal  segment  of  the 
male  with  a  stem  Y^  the  length  of  the  basal  enlargement;  female 
with    the    ovipositor    Yi    the    length    of   the   abdomen;   bred    from 

a  fleshy  leaf  fold  on  Comptonia 

(Oligotrophus)    asplenifolia    Felt,  C.  1103 
hh  Abdomen    dark    brown    basally,    reddish    apically,    the    5th    antennal 

segment  with  a  stem  ^  the  length  of  the  basal  enlargement 

(Oligotrophus)  acerifolia    Felt,  C.  35 
hhh  Abdomen    reddish   brown ;    ovipositor   short ;    bred    from   Lasioptera 

vitis  gall b  r  e  v  i  c  a  u  d  a    n.  sp.,  C.  878 

aaaa  16  antennal  segments 

h  Abdomen   yellowish    red,   the   5th   antennal   segment  with   a   stem   J4 

longer  than  the  basal  enlargment ;  male 

(Oligotrophus)    pini    Felt,   C.  87 

hh  Abdomen  dark  brown ;  antennal  segments  sessile,  ovate,  the  5th  with 

a   length  twice   its   diameter,   the   ovipositor   ^   the  length  of  the 

abdomen  b  r  e  v  i  a  r  i  a    n.  sp.,  C.  tj 

ASPHONDYLrARIAE 
This     group     comprises     mostly     large,     heavy-bodied     insects, 
easily  recognized  by  the  long,  cylindric,  sessile  antennal   seg- 
ments and  the  simple  claws.     The  species  breed  for  the  most 
part  in  buds  of  various  plants. 

TABLE   OF    ASPHONDYLID    GALLS 

Amsinckia 
Galls  on  A  .    1  y  c  o  p  s  o  i  d  c  s S  c  Ii  i  z  o  m  y  i  a    m  a  c  r  0  f  i  1  a  ,    C.  855 

Antennaria  ("ovcrlasfing) 
Apical  bud  K-'dl A  s  p  ii  o  n  d  y  1  i  a    a  ii  t  cmi  n  a  r  i  a  c  ,    C.  870 

Artemisia 
Galls  taken  at  Fort  Grant,  Ariz A.    a  r  t  c  m  i  s  i  a  c  ,    €.861 


REPORT    Of   THE    STATE    ENT0:M0L0GIST    I907  373 

Aster 
Aborted  head  of   A.    patens A.    monacha 

Atriplex 

Irregular,  oblong  gall  on  A.    canesccns A.    atriplicis,    C.  945 

Azalea 
Green  bud  gall .' A  .    a  z  a  1  e  a  e  ,  C.  31481 

Bumelia 

Galls  on  B  ,  lanuginosa A.  b  u  m  e  1  i  a  e  ,  C.  849 

Carya    (hickory) 

Conical  leaf  gall Cincticornia    caryae,     C.     11 14 

Long  conic  leaf  gall .Schiz.    caryaecola,   C.  ai786a 

Ceanothus 

Apical  bud  gall  on  C.    velutinus   A.    ceanothi,     C.  872 

Diervilla   (bush  honeysuckle) 
Green  bud  gall  on    D.    trifida A.    d  i  e  r  v  i  1 1  a  e  ,  C.  31469 

Helenium 

Apical  rosette  gall  on   H  .   a  u  t  u  m  n  a  1  e A  .   a  u  t  u  m  n  a  1  i  s  ,   C.  1238 

Helianthus  (sunflower) 

Flower  heads   appearently  unmodified  on    H  .    s  t  r  u  m  o  s  u  s 

A.    helianthiflorae,    C.  ai7i8 

Subglobular  enlarged  flower  head A.    conspicua,    C.  31697 

Large  stem  gall A.    globosus,    C.  856 

Hydrangea 

Bud  gall  on    H.    arborescens A.    hydra  ngeae,    C.  852 

Ilicoides 
Green  bud  gall  on    I.    mucronata A.    ilicoides,    C.  31548 

Larrea 

Gall  on  L  .  t  r  i  d  e  n  t  a  t  a A  .  a  u  r  i  p  i  1  a  ,  C.  851 

Opuntia   or   Cactus 

Swollen   fruit A  .    b  e  t  h  e  1  i ,   C.  31776 

Large  swollen  fruit A.    3rizonensis,    C.  857 

G3II  undescribed A  .    o  p  u  n  t  i  a  e  ,  C.  8^8 


374  -\HW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Quercus  (oak) 

Reddish,  oval,  hard  leaf  gall C  .    p  i  1  u  1  a  e  ,    C.  1105,  811,  814.  850.  1046 

Flat  leaf  gall  on    Q  .    rubra C  .    q  u  e  r  c  i  f  o  1  i  a  ,    C.  1043 

Blister  swelling  on  lateral  leaf  veins C.  a  m  e  r  i  c  a  n  a  ,  C.  31792 

Circular  blister  gall  on  scarlet  oak  leaves C.    serrata,    C.  aijQi 

Rhus  (sumac) 

Deformed  Jlowcr  bud  on  R  .    i  n  t  c  g  r  i  f  o  1  i  a 

A  .    i  n  t  e  g  r  i  f  0  1  i  a  e  ,    C.  868 
Rivina 
Bud  gall  on    R.    h  u  m  i  1  i  s S  c  h  i  z  .    r  i  <•  i  n  a  e  ,    C.  943 

Salix   (willow) 
Twig   gall A  .    s  a  1  i  c  t  a  r  i  a  .    C.  859 

?  Sambucus    ( older) 
Hoary  subglobular  bud  gall A  .    s  a  m  b  u  c  i ,    C.  ai5ii 

Sicca 
On  ripe  fruit A  .    s  i  c  c  a  e  ,  C.  1213 

Solidago    (goKlenrod) 

Florets  apparently  unmodified   on    F  u  t  li  a  m  i  a    1  a  n  c  e  o  I  a  t  a 

A.    monacha,    C.  auco  etc. 

Small  rosette  or  large  bud  gall  on    F  u  t  li  a  m  i  a    1  a  n  c  c  o  1  a  t  a 

A  .     m  o  n  a  c  h  a 

Adherent  leaf  gall   on     S.    canadensis    and     S.    serotina 

A  .    monacha 
Bred   from  undetected  gall A  .    j  o  h  n  s  o  n  i  ,    C.  809 

Vagnera    (wild  spikenard) 
Deformed  berries  of    V  .    r  a  c  e  m  o  s  a A  .    s  m  i  1  a  c  i  n  a  e  ,    C.  860 

Vernonia  ■• 

Galls   on     V.    n  o  v  e  b  o  r  a  c  e  n  -  i -^ A.    vernoniae.    C.  f^'^j 

Viburnum 
Probably  bud  or  blosM.m  gall S  c  li  i  z  .    viburni.    C.   IJ12 

Vitis    (grape) 

WVr.lly   massed   bud   gall S  c  h  i  z  .     c  o  r  y  1  o  i  <!  e  s  .     C.  874 

1  lard,   nutlike,   polythalamous   gall S  c  h  i  z  .    p  o  ni  u  m  .   C.    a  14340 

f)val  or  fusiform  i)etiolc  or  tendril  gall.  .S  c  b  i  z  .    ])  r  t  i  o  1  i  c  o  1  a  ,    C.  ai7S4 

Unknown  shrub 
Irregular   subglobular  bud  gall ...  \       l'  I  o  r  i  <1  n  .    (^  '^J.^ 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE    ENTO.MOLOGIST    IQG/ 


Z7: 


Key  to  the  genera 
a  Palpi   with    i    to   3   segments,   the   terminal    clasp   segments    of   the  male 

bidentate Asphondjlia  H.  L\v. 

aa  Palpi  with  4  segments 

b  Antennae  with   14  segments ;   male  with   the  terminal  clasp   segment 
unidentate;   the  basal   clasp   segment   lobed    distally;    female  with 

the  apical  portion  of  the  ovipositor  aciculate Schizomyia  Kiefif. 

bb  Antennae  with  13  or  14  segments;  male  with  the  terminal  clasp 
segment  flattened  and  denticulate  apically;  female  with  the  ovi- 
positor short,  bread  at  base  and  tapering  to  the  subacute  apex 

Cincticornia   n.   g. 

ASPHONDYLIA     H.    Lw. 

Antennae  with  14  cylinclric,  sessile  segments,  those  of  the 
male  only  slightly  rednced  distally,  with  rather  ntimerotis  low 
strongly  convolute  circumfili.  Palpi  with  one  to  three  segments. 
The  terminal  clasp  segment  of  the  male  genitalia  short,  stout, 
swollen  near  the  middle,  and  apically  with  a  heavy  bidentate 
chitinous  process.  The  female  antennae  are  greatly  reduced 
distallv,  the  12th  much  shorter  than  the  normal,  the  i  ^th  with  a 


Fig.    38    Asphondylia  monacha   O.  S.,      6th   antenr.al    segment    of    male    and 
female,   much  enlarged.      (Original) 

length  scarcely  greater  than  its  diameter  and  the  14th  subglo- 
bose  or  even  rednced  to  a  small  disk,  the  circumfili  consisting  of 
a  low  band  near  the  basal  third  or  fourth,  the  branches  produced 
on  one  side  and  fused  to  form  a  longitudinal  filum  which  unites 
with  a  low  apical  circumfilum.     Ovipositor  with  a  distinct  taper- 


3/6  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

ing,  fleshy  part  and  a  long,  slender,  aciculate  portion.  Basally 
there  is  a  characteristic  dorsal  pouch  consisting  of  two  broadly 
rounded,  thickly  haired  lobes  separated  mesially  by  a  broadly 
rounded  emargination. 

Key  to  species 
a  Palpi  I  segmented 

b  Length   1.5  mm;  abdomen  dark   reddish  brown;  scuteUnm  yellowish 

red brevicauda     Felt,  C.  1040 

bb  Length    2.5    to    3    mm;    abdomen    with    long,    yellowish    hairs;    bred 

from  gall   on    Larrea    tridentata 

a  u  r  i  p  i  1  a  n.  sp.,  C.  851 
aa  Palpi  2  segmented 

b  Small,  3   to  4  mm  long 

c  Abdomen  dark  brown   or  black 

d  Tibiae   dark   brown ;    bred    from   brownish,    fusiform   Azalea 

buds  azaleae  Felt,  C.  31481 

e  Tarsi  dark  brown,  the  posterior  yellowish;  bred  from 
apparently  unmodified  flower  heads  of    H  e  1  i  a  n  t  h  u  s 

strumosus helianthiflorae   n.  sp.,  C.  31718 

dd  Tibiae  yellowish  brown 

e  Tarsi  dark  brown;  bred  from  swollen    Opuntia  fruit... 
betheli    Ckll,  C.  31776 

ee  Tarsi   yellowish fulvopedalis    Felt,   C.   546 

cc  Abdomen    reddish   brown ;    bred    from    unripe    fruits   of    Sicca 

disticha siccae     n.    sp.,    C.    1213 

aaa  Palpi  3  segmented 

b  Small,   i-S  to  2.5  mm  long 

c  Abdomen  light  or  reddish  brown 

d  Scutcllum   pale  yellowish  ;    bred    from   galls   on  •  B  u  m  c  1  i  a 

lanuginosa b  u  m  c  1  i  a  e    Felt,  C.  849 

dd  Scutcllum  reddish   brown 

c  P)asal    a})doniinal    segments    yellowish ;    bred    from    bud 

gall  on  unknown  shrub florida    n.  sp.,  C.  873 

cc  Abdomen  unicolorous;  bred  from  flower  buds  of    Rhus 

integrifolia integrifoliae    n.  sp.,  C.  868 

bb  Medium  sized,  3  to  4  mm  long 

c  Tarsi    plainly    whitc-banded ;    bred    from    apical    rosette    gall    on 

Euthamia      lanceolata,      from     apparentlj'     unmodified 

florets    of    the    same,    and    from    oval    galls    between    adherent 

leaves    of     S  o  1  i  d  a  g  o    s  c  r  o  t  i  n  a    or    S  .     canadensis 

monacha   O.  S.,'  C.  761,  807,  S12,  813,  ai200,  aiigs,  31336, 

315683  and  y 
cc  Tarsi  unicolorous  or  nearly  so 
d  Abdomen  yellowish  brown 

c  Scutcllum  pale  yellowish;  tiliiac  and  tarsi  yellowish 
brown  ;  bred  from  deformed  berries  of  V  a  g  n  e  r  a 
racemosa smilacinae    Felt,  C.  860 

'A.   •olidaKini«  Beutm.  and  A.  patens  Beutm.  are  synonyms  of  this  species.     A. 
r  e  c  o  n  d  i  t  a  O.  S.  is  undoubtedly  the  same  form.  


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    IQO/  Z77 

ee  Scutellum    fuscous    yellowish,    basal    segments    of    pos- 
terior tarsi  yellowish;  bred  from  subglobose  stem  galls 

on  Helianthus globosus   O.  S.,  C.  854,  856,  869 

eee  Scutellum  fuscous   orange,   legs  light  brown ;  bred   from 

galls  on  unknown  plant  in  Arizona 

b  a  r  o  n  i   n.  sp.,  C.  865 
eeee  Scutellum  yellowish  brown 

/  Legs  yellowish  brown;  bred  from  galls  on  Artemisia. . 
artemisiae   n.  sp.,  C.  861 
eeeee  Scutellum   dark   brown 

//  Legs  dark  brown ;  bred  from  woolly  apical  bud  galls 

on  Antennaria  

(Asynapta)    antennariae    Whir.,  C.  870 
dd  Abdomen  reddish  brown 

e  Scutellum   fuscous    orange ;   bred   from   galls    on     V  e  r  - 

nonia    noveboracensis 

vernoniae    n.  sp.,  C.  863,  867 
ee  Scutellum  dark  reddish  brown;  bred  from  loose  terminal 

bud  galls  on  Ceanothus ceanothi    n.  sp.,  C.  872 

ddd  Abdomen  dark  brown 

e  Scutellum  yellowish  brown 

/  3d  antennal  segment  with  a  length  b  times  its  diameter, 
posterior  tarsi  dark  brown;  bred  from  bud  galls  on 

Hydrangea. hydrangeae    Felt,    C.    852 

//  3d    antennal    segment    with    a    length    4    times    its 
diameter,    posterior   tarsi   with    the   basal    segments 

yellowish ;  bred  from  bud  gall  on  Helenium 

autumnalis  Beutm.,  C.  1238,  853 
ee  Scutellum  dark  brown ;  abdomen  white-haired ;  bred  from 

twig  gall  on  Atriplex atriplicis  Ckll.,  C.  864,  945 

eee  Scutellum    dark    reddish;    legs    black;    bred    from    sub- 
cortical stem  gall   on   Sambucus 

sambuci   n.  sp.,  C.  aisn 
eeee  Scutellum    slaty    gray;    legs    dark    brown;     bred    from 

Diervilla  buds diervillae    Felt,  C  ai469 

eeeee  Scutellum    pruinose ;    tibiae   black ;    bred    from   bud   galls 

on   Ilicoides ilicoides   Felt,   C.  31548 

dddd  Abdomen    brown ;    scutellum    yellowish    brown ;     legs    dark 

brown;  bred  from  Salix  twigs. .s  a  1  i  c  t  a  r  i  a    Felt,  C.  859 

ddddd  Abdomen  reddish  brown ;  legs  fuscous  yellowish ;  bred  from 

Solidago j  o  h  n  s  o  n  i    n.   sp.,  C.  809 

bbb  Large  species,  5  to  6  mm  long 

c  Abdomen  dark  brown  or  dark  reddish  brown 

d  Scutellum  reddish  brown;  bred  from  galls  on  Opuntia  .... 

o  p  u  n  t  i  a  e    n.  sp..  C.  848,  858,  862 

cc  Abdomen    brown;    scutellum    yellowish;    bred    from    subglobular 

enlarged  flower  head  of  Helianthus 

c  0  n  s  p  i  c  u  a   O.  S.,  C.  544,  806,  808,  Sio,  854,    ?856,  866, 

31679,  31697 


378 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


ccc  Abdomen  yellowish  brown;  scutclluni  fuscous  yellowish;  legs  yel- 
lowish brown;  bred  from  fruitlike  enlargement  of  prickly  pear 
arizonensis    Ff It,  C.  S57 


SCHIZOMYIA    Kicff. 

Antennae  consisting  of  14  cylindric,  sessile  or  subsessile  seg- 
ments, those  of  the  male  slightly  shortened 
(listally  and  each  with  remarkably  stout,  ele- 
vated, strongly  convolute  circumfili.  Palpi 
with  four  segments.  The  basal  clasp  segment 
of  the  male  genitalia  projects  well  beyond  the 
insertion  of  the  terminal  clasp  segment,  which 
latter  bears  apically  a  more  or  less  distinct 
chitinous  tooth.  l-"emale  with  the  segments 
(listally  greatly  shorlcncd  as  in  Asphondylia, 
the  circumhli  nearly  the  same  as  in  Asphon- 
(l\lia.  (  )vipositor  with  a  distinct  fleshy  basal 
portion,  tapering  distally  and  bearing  the  char- 
acteristic aciculate  organ  of  Asphondylia ;  the 
dorsal  basal  pouch  absent,  the  ventral  sclerite 
of  the  seventh  segment  more  or  less  strongly 
chitinized  and  somewhat  characteristic  of  this 


Fig.  x<)  Schizomyia 
al  t  i  f  i  1  a  Felt,  6th  an- 
tennal  segment  of  male 
much  enlarged.  (OriR 
inal) 


genus. 


.10    Schizomyia    rubi    Felt,  side  view  of   abdomen,  showing  the  long  oviposito 
and  characteristic  ventral  plate,  enlarged.     (Original) 

Key  to  species 
Abdomen  dark  brown 
b  WinRS  rather  large,  narmw 

c  Scutclluni  reddish,  5th  ;intcnii.-d  segment  wiili  a  Kngtii  four  times 

its    diameter,   the  4th    palpal    segment    ,' j    longer    than    the   3fl, 

female  ;  taken  on  viburnum  blossoms,  .v  i  b  u  r  n  i   n.  sp.,  C.  1212 

cc  Scutclluni  fuscous  yellowish,  5tli  antennal  segimiit    with  a  lenglh 

six  times  its  diameter,  the  41)1  palpal  segment  twice  ihe  length 

of  llic  3d.  fiin.ilc;   bred  from  lung,  conic  leaf  gall  on  liickory.. 

c  a  r  y  a  e  c  o  I  a    n.  sp,.  C.  .117863 

.■\bdomen  reddish  brown 

h  Wings  small,  narrow  ;  on   blreberry 

(.\  s  pho  11  <1  \  I  i  ;i  I    ,1  I  I  i  I  i  I  ;i    I'tll,   C.    177 


REPORT    or    THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


3/9 


bb  Wings  small,  broad ;   swept  from  blackberr\' 

( A  s  p  h  o  n  d  y  li  a)    r  u  b  i    Felt,  C.  685 

bbb  Wings  large,   rather  broad ;  bred  from  Amsinckia  galls 

(A  s  p  h  0  n  d  y  1  i  a)  m  a  c  r  o  f  i  1  a    Felt,  C.  855,  looi 
aaa  Abdomen  yellowish  or  light  brown 

b  Wings  large,  tarsi  unicolorous  or  nearly  so 

*  c  5th   antennal   segment  with  a  length   six  times   its  diameter,  the 
4th  palpal  segment  with  a  length  %  greater  than  the  3d,  female ; 

bred  from  apical  leaf  bud  gall  on  grape   

coryloides    Walsh  &  Riley,  C.  874 

cc  Sth  antennal  segment  with  a  length  five  times  its   diameter,  4th 

palpal   segment   with    a   length   ^   greater  than   the  3d,  male; 

bred  from  hard,  nutlike,  polythalamous  gall   on  grape 

ponium    Walsh  &  Riley,  31434!) 
bb  Wings  small,  broad  yellow  banded 

c  Posterior  tarsi  rather  broadly  yellow  banded;  5th  antennal  seg- 
ment with  a  length  six  times  its  diameter,  the  4th  palpal  segment 
14  longer  than  the  3d,  female ;  bred  from  bud  galls  on  Rivina 

humilis rivinae    n.  sp.,  C.  943 

cc  Posterior  tarsi  black ;   5th   antennal   segment  with  a  length  four 

and  five  times  the  diameter,  the  4th  palpal  segment  i^  and  i}i 

the  length  of  the  3d  in  the  male  and  female  respectively;  bred 

from  oval  or  fusiform  tendril  or  petiole  galls  on  Vitis  bicolor.  . 

petiolicola   n.  sp.,  C.  31784 


CINCTICORKIA    n.    g. 

Antennae  consisting  of  13  or  14  segments,  only  slightly  short- 
ened distally  and  in  some  species  there  is  more 
or  less  fusion  between  the  I3tb  and  14th;  cir- 
cumfili  in  the  male  transverse,  usually  numer- 
ous, distinct  and  anastomosing,  ranging  in  num- 
bers from  6  to  15  to  each  segment.  Palpi  with 
four  segments.  Genitalia  with  the  terminal 
clasp  segment  short,  stout,  the  distal  margin 
flattened,  heavily  chitinized  and  finely  den- 
tate. Female  with  the  antennae  very  simi- 
lar to  those  of  the  male,  except  that  there 
are  three  to  five  or  six  transverse,  anasto- 
mosing circumfili,  the  latter  forming  a  more 
or  less  irregular  network  on  the  face  of 
a  scattering  subbasal  whorl 
stout  setae  and  a  few  stout 
setae  near  the  distal  third  may  occur  in  some 
species.  Ovipositor  stout,  broad  at  the  base  and  tapering  to 
a  subacute   apex  bearing  a  pair  of  indistinct  terminal   lobes,   and 


Fig.  44  c  i  n  c  t  i  c  o  r  n  i  a  ^\^q    segment ; 

transversa  Felt,    6th  *  ' 

antennal       segment      of  q£       ^^hort 
male,     much      enlarge  ' 
(Original) 


380  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

with  the  ventral  portion  of- the  ovipositor  more  or  less  chitinized. 
The  characteristic  aciculate  organ  of  Asphondylia  and  Schizomyia 
is  wanting. 

Certain  species  of  this  genus  agree  with  Kieffer's  published 
diagnosis  of  Polystepha.  Asphondylia  transversa  Felt 
is  the  tpye.  Specimens  of  C.  m  u  1 1  i  f  i  1  a  Felt  were  submitted 
to  this  well  known  European  authority  who  pronounced  it  a 
representative  of  a  new  genus,  consequently  the  above  name  is 
proposed. 

Key  to  species 

a  Abdomen  dark  brown 

b  Wings  small,  rather  broad 

c  Scutellum  reddish  brown ;  antenna!  segments  with   10  to  12  cir- 

cumfili ;  male,   habits  unknown 

(Asphondylia)  transversa   Felt,  C.  53 

cc  Scutellum    dark    reddish,    5th    antennal    segment   with   4  coarsely 

reticulate    circumfili,   length   2   mm,    female;    bred    from    slight 

blister  swelling  on  lateral  veins  of  red  oak  leaves 

a  m  e  r  i  c  a  n  a   n.  sp.,  31792 
ccc  Scutellum  fuscous  yellowish ;  antennal  segments  with  9  to  10  cir- 
cumfili;   male,   bred    from   warty,    reddisli    brown   leaf  gall    on 

oak  leaf    (C  e  c  i  d  o  m  y  i  a) . 

pilulac    Walsh,    C.    811,   814,  850,   1046,   II05 
bb  Wings  small,  broad;  scutellum  reddish  brown;  antennal  segments  with 

6  to  7  circumfili ;  male,  habits  unknown 

(Asphondylia)  m  u  1  t  i  f  i  1  a    Felt,  C.  95,  99,  100 

bbb  Wings    small,   narrow,    abdomen   dark   brown,   5th   antennal   segment 

with  8  circumfili,  length  2  mm,  male;   bred   from  circular,  blister 

gall  on  scarlet  oak  leaves s  er  r  a  t  a    n.  sp.,  ai79i 

bbbb  Wings  rather  large,  somewhat  broad ;   scutellum  purplish  brown ;  3d 
antennal    segment   with    a    length    2K'    times    its    diameter;    female. 

habits  unknown canadensis    n.  sp.,  C.  1042 

aa  Abdomen  reddish  brown 
b  Wings  small,  narrow 

c  Scutellum    yellowish;   antennae    with    13    segments,    each   with    10 

circumfili;  male,  bred  from  conical  gall  on  hickory  leaf 

c  a  r  y  a  e    n.  sp.,  C.  11 14 
bb  Wings   large,   rather  broad 

c  Scutellum  yellowish;  antennal  segments   with   10  lo  15  circumfili; 
male,  bred  from  a  flat,  relatively  inconspicuous  gall  on    Quer- 

cus    rubra   leaves qucrcifolia   n.  sp.,  C.  1043 

cc  Scutellum  yellowish  brown;  3<1  antennal  segments  with  a  length 
twice  its  diameter;  female,  bred  from  a  flat,  relatively  incon- 
spicuous gall   on    Qucrcus    r  u  ii  r  a    leaves 

q  u  e  r  c  i  f  o  1  i  a    n.  sp.,  C.  104  ? 
ccc  Scutellum    reddish    yellow;    antennal    segments    with    3    to   4   cir- 
cumfili ;   male.  .  .  .  (A  s  p  h  o  n  d  y  1  i  a)    s  o  b  r  i  n  a    Felf,   C.    i  ro8 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE    KXTOMOLOGIST    I907  381 

aaa  Abdomen   dull  red;  wings   small,  narrow;   scutellum  reddish  yellow;   3d 
antennal   segment   with  a  length  2^2   times   its   diameter;   female,  bred 

from  warty,  reddish  brown  leaf  gall  on  oak  leaf 

(Cecidomyia)   pilulae    Walsh,  C.  811,  814,  850,  1046,  1 105 
aaaa  Abdomen  yellowish 

b  Abdomen  yellowish  brown ;  wings  small,  broad ;  antennal  segments 

with  6  to  7  circumfili;  male,  swept  from  sumac  

(Oligotrophus)  rhoina    Felt,  C.  94 
bb  Abdomen  pale  yellow,  wings  rather  small,  medium  width,  5th  an- 
tennal segment  with  7  circumfili,  finely  reticulate,  length  2.5  mm, 
male;   bred   from   slight  blister   swelling  on  lateral  veins  of  red 

oak  leaves a  m  e  r  i  c  a  n  a   n.  sp.,  31792 

bbb  Abdomen  pale   orange ;    wings   large,   narrow ;    scutellum  pale  yel- 
lowish; 3d  antennal  segment  with  a  length  31/^  times  its  diameter; 

female (Asphondylia)    sobrina   Felt,  C.  iic8 

bbbb  Alidomen  reddish  yellow;  wings  large,  broad;  scutellum  fuscous 
yellowish;  3d  antennal  segment  with  a  length  2^  times  its 
diameter ;  female c  o  n  n  e  c  t  a    n.  sp.,  C.  822 

DIPLOSARIAE 

The  members  of  this  tribe  are  easily  distinguished  by  the  long, 
slender,  thickly  haired,  14  segmented  antennae,  the  flagellate  segment 
being  binodose  and  usually  provided  with  two  or  three  circumfili. 
The  palpi  vary  from  uniarticulate  in  a  European  form,  to  quadri- 
articulate.  The  third  vein  may  unite  with  the  margin  well  before 
the  apex,  as  in  Arthrocnodax,  or  at  or  well  beyond,  as  in  some  other 
species.  The  claws  are  simple  or  toothed.  This  group  presents 
some  exceedingly  interesting  variations,  not  only  in  antennal  but 
also  in  genitalic  structures,  the  latter  presenting  extreme  diversity. 
Owing  to  time  limitations  it  has  not  been  possible  up  to  the  present 
to  prepare  keys  for  the  separation  of  the  females. 

The  members  of  this  group  appear  to  live  largely  in  the  more 
tender,  leafy  or  bud  tissues,  though  a  considerable  number  are  in- 
quilines,  while  a  few  live  upon  fungus  or  are  zoophagous. 

HOSTS,    HOST    PLANTS    AND    GALLS    OF    THE    BIPLOSARIAE 

Agrimonia   (agrimony) 
Bred  from  florets   Contarinia    agrimoniae,    C.  31696 

Amelanchier  (shadbush). 
Bred  from  truncate  leaf  gall.  ...Hormomyia    canadensis,    C.  31758 

Apis   (bee) 
Bred  from  hive  debris  Arthrocnodax   apiphila,   C.  ai775 


382  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Apocynum  (dogbane) 

Bred  from  flowers Lestodiplosis    a  pocyni  florae,    C.  ai6S4 

"       C  e  c  i  d  o  ni  y  i  a    a  p  o  c  y  n  i ,    C.  a  1684a 

Asclepias    (milkweed) 
Bred  from  rolled  leaf   Lestodiplosis    asclepiae,    C.  ai5S8 

Aspidiotus    (A.  uvae) 
Bred  from  insect   D  c  n  t  i  f  i  b  u  1  a    cocci,    C.  1018 

Avena   (oat) 

Reared  from  cage  with  aphid  infested  seedlings;  probably  predaccini> 

C  o  q  u  i  1 1  e  1 1  o  m  y  i  a    t  e  x  a  n  a  .    C.  a  1 728 

Carya    (hickory) 
Bred  from  melon-shaped  leaf  gall. .  11  o  r  m  o  m  y  i  a  t  h  o  m  p  s  o  n  i  ,    C.  1 1  i6a 

globular  leaf  gall II  o  r  m  o  m  y  i  a   c  a  r  y  a  e  ,    C.  1  I04y 

"  smooth,   subglobular   leaf  gall II  0  r  m  0  m  y  i  a    arc  u  a  r  i  a  , 

C.  1104Z 

"  hairy,  subglolnilar  leaf  gall H  o  r  m  0  m  y  i  a   h  0  1  o  t  r  i  c  h  a  , 

C.   1 1 II 

"  hairy,  globose  leaf  gall M  y  c  o  d  i  p  1  o  s  i  s    h  o  1  o  I  r  i  c  li  a  , 

C.   1104a 

"  globose  leaf  gall C  1  i  n  0  d  i  p  1  o  s  i  s    c  a  r  y  a  e  ,    C.   1 117 

"  tubular  leaf  gall H  o  r  m  o  m  y  i  a    t  u  b  i  c  o  1  a  ,    C.  1 106 

Catalpa 

Bred  from  dwarfed  shoots   C  e  c  i  d  o  m  y  i  a    c  a  t  a  1  p  a  e  ,    C.  aiSo4 

Cattleya   gigas 
Bred  from  roots  C  1  i  n  o  d  i  p  1  o  s  i  s    c  a  1 1 1  c  y  a  c  ,    C.  979 

Clematis    (virgin's    bower) 

Bred  from  irregular,  subglobular  gall C  o  n  t  a  r  i  n  i  a   c  1  c  m  a  1  i  d  i  s  , 

C.  ai63Qb 
"  flowers    ....Lestodiplosis    c  1  c  m  a  t  i  f  1  o  r  a  c  ,    C.   a  1694b 

Corylus    (liazcl) 
Bred  from  hairy  loaf  fold.  . .  M  y  .■  •■  d  i  p  1  o  s  i  s    c  o  r  y  1  i  f  o  1  i  a  ,    C.  ai;4.?b 

Crataegus   (thorn) 

Bred  from  thorn  leaf Lestodiplosis    f  1  o  r  i  d  a  .    C.  9% 

cockcomb  leaf  gall .  . .  1 1  o  r  m  >>  m  y  i  a    c  r  a  t  a  c  g  i  f  o  1  i  a  .    a  i.V)J 

"  cylindric  fimbriate  leaf  gall 

Lestodiplosis    c  r  a  t  a  c  g  i  f  o  1  i  a  ,    C.  a  1 355 

Eupatorium    ageratoides    (white  snake  root) 

Bred   froui  pustulate  leaf  and  stem  galls    

Lestodiplosis    c  u  p  a  t  o  r  i  i  ,    C.  a  i  j8o 


REl'URT   UF   THE    STATE    EXTU-MULOGIST    I907  -383 

Eupatorium   perfoliatum    (boncsct) 
Bred  from  florets  C  o  n  t  a  r  i  11  i  a   p  c  r  f  o  1  i  a  t  a  ,    C.  aiGSg 

Fraxinus    (ash) 
Bred  from  rolled  leaves.  ...Lestodiplosis    fraxini  folia,    C.  31572 

Gossypium  (cotton) 
Bred  C  o  n  t  a  r  i  n  i  a    g  o  s  s  y  p  i  i ,    C.  1331 

Liriodendron    (tulip) 
Bred  from  purplish  blister  gall  on  leaf C  o  n  t  a  r  i  n  i  a   1  i  r  i  o  d  e  n  d  r  i 

Melo    (melon) 

r.rcd  from  curled  melon  tips  Contarinia    setigera 

probably  from  aphids  or  Cecidomyiids  on  curled  tips 

A  p  h  i  d  o  1  e  t  e  s    c  u  c  u  m  e  r  i  s 

Mentha    (mint) 
Bred  from  pustulate  gall G  i  a  r  d  o  m  y  i  a   m  e  n  t  h  a  e  ,   C.  ai578b 

Negundo    (box   elder) 
Bred  from  leaves   Contarinia    n  e  g  u  n  d  i  f  o  1  i  a  ,    C.  967 

Oecidium   impatientis 

Bred  from  this  fungus j\I  y  c  o  d  i  p  1  o  s  i  s    impatientis,    C.  31542 

Phylloxera  vastatrix 

Bred  from  Phylloxera  galls Lestodiplosis    grassator,    C.  962 

Pinus   (pine) 
Bred  from  resin  masses  C  e  c  i  d  o  m  y  i  a  r  e  s  i  n  i  c  o  1  a,    C.  3185 

Platanus  (plane  tree) 
Bred  from  leaves   Lestodiplosis    p  1  a  t  a  n  i  f  o  1  i  a  ,    C.  316693 

Populus    (poplar) 
Bred  from  subglobul3r  le3f  gafl .  .  .  ,  D  i  c  h  r  <t  d  i  p  1  o  s  i  s   p  o  p  u  1  i  .    C.  31743 

'"'  subglobular  leaf  gall M  y  c  o  d  i  p  1  o  s  i  s    p  o  p  u  1  i  f  o  1  i  a  , 

C.  31514 

"  rolled  edge  of  le3f Lestodiplosis    populifolis, 

C.  31490 
subglobuhr  leaf  gall.  .Lestodiplosis   g  1  o  b  o  s  u  s  ,    C.  31656 

Prunus  cerasus   (cherry) 

Bred  from  deformed  fruit Contarinia   v  i  r  g  i  n  i  a  n  i  a  e  ,   C.  769 

fusiform  twig  gall Lestodiplosis    cerasi,    C.  315933 

folded,  thickened  leaves Mycodiplosis    ccrasifolia, 

C.  31571 


384    ■  NEW    YORK    STATE    :MUSEUM 

Pyrus   (pear) 
Bred  from  deformed  fruit C  o  n  t  a  r  i  n  i  a    p  y  r  i  v  0  r  a  ,    C.  7Q0 

Quercus    (oak) 

■  Bred  from   folded  leaf  edge. C  0  c  i  d  o  m  y  i  a,  f  o  1  i  o  r  a  ,  C.   1,^39 

Probably  bred  from  oak  leaves ..Dichrodiplosis   qucrcina,  C.  1006 

Bred  from  ?  leaf Contarinia  quercifolia,  C.  1015 

Rhus  (sumac) 
Bred  from  heads  of  curled  leaves.  .A  r  t  h  r  o  c  n  0  d  a  x    r  h  o  i  n  a  .    C.  ai72ob 

Rumex    (dock) 
Bred  from  deformed  seeds  Contarinia    rumicis,    C.  31595 

Sambucus   (elder) 
Bred  from  rolled  leaves.  . .  A  r  t  h  r  o  c  n  o  d  a  x   s  a  m  b  u  c  i  f  o  1  i  a  ,    C.  31723 

Scrophularia    (figwort) 

Bred  from  distorted   flower  buds 

Lestodiplosis    scrophulariae,    C.   31569 

Siphonophora  liriodendri 
Predaceous  on  aphid A  p  Ji  i  d  o  1  c  t  c  s    m  c  r  i  d  i  o  n  a  1  i  s  ,    C.   1005 

Solidago    (goldenrod) 

Bred  from  elongate,  brown  leaf  spot 

Lestodiplosis    solidaginis,    C.a  1655 
Bred Lestodiplosis    triangularis,    C.  763 

Sorghum 
Bred  from  seeds Contarinia    s  0  r  g  h  i  c  o  1  a  ,    C.  972 

Spiraea    (meadowsweet) 

Bred  from  terminal  bud  gall 1 1  o  r  m  o  m  y  i  a    cl  a  r  k  e  i .    C.  317593 

"  flowers Cccidomyia     s  p  i  r  a  c  a  f  1  o  r  a  c  ,     C.    ai68ib 

unopened  flowers P  r  n  d  i  p  I  o's  i  s    f  1  o  r  i  c  o  1  a  .    C.  ai68i 

Tanacetum  (tansy) 
Bred  probably  from  ai)Iiid'; A  p  h  i  d  o  1  c  t  c  s    b  a  s  a  1  i  s  .    C.  31722 

Taxodium  Ccyprcss) 
Bred  from  fusiform  twig  Rail Contarinia    a  n  a  n  a  s  -^  i  ,  C.  926 

Tecomia    ftrunipot    vine) 
Bred  from  crrUd  Uav.s C  ,  <■  i  d  n  ni  y  i  a    t  e  c  o  m  i  a  e  .    C  1260 


Klil'ORT   OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  385 

Tetranychus   (red  spider) 
From  red  spider  on  citrus  trees ...Mycodiplosis    acarivora,    C.  Sdj 

Triticum   (wheat) 
Bred  from  wheat  heads Cecidomyia   tritici 

Verbena 

Bred  from  rolled  leaves Cecidomyia    urtifolia,    C.  31577 

"  "  Lestodiplosisverbenifolia,    C.  3.15770. 

Yucca  angustifolia 
Bred  from  pods Lestodiplosis    yuccae,    C.  1017 

Key  to  genera 

o  Mesonotum    usually    greatly    produced    OA-er    the    head;    14-26    segments; 

usually  heavy  species Hormomyia  H.  Lw. 

aa  Mesonotum  not  greatly  produced  over  the  head ;  only  14  segments ;  usually 
slender  species 
b  Male  with  the  two  rkodes  of  the  antenna!  segments  nearly  equal,  only 
two  circumfili  to  a  segment ;  claws  simple 
c  Basal    clasp    segment    with    a    conspicuous    triangular    process    apic- 

ally  '. Dentifibula  n.  g. 

(Type    Cecidomyia    viburni    Felt) 
cc  Basal  clasp  segment  with  no  process  apically 

d  Wings  with  the  posterior  area  greatly  produced,  broadly  rounded 

[pi.  38,  fig.  3,  4] Lobopteromyia  n.  g. 

(Type  C.    f  i  li  c  i  s  Felt) 
dd  Wings  normal,  usually  with  a  length  twice  the  width  [pi.  37,  fig.  6] 

Contarinia  Rond. 
bb  Male  with  the  two  nodes  of  the  antennal  segments  subequal,  three  cir- 
cumfili, usually  well  developed,  to  each  segment 
c  Claws  toothed 

d  All  claws  toothed   Dichrodiplosis  Kieff. 

dd  Anterior  claws  toothed,  posterior  simple 

e  Circumfili  very  uneven,  the  ventral  loops  greatly  produced 
/  The  middle  circumfili  rudimentary,  apparently  but  two  circum- 
fili     Bremia   Rond. 

//  Three  well  developed  circumfili Aphidoletes  Kieff. 

ee  Circumfili  even  or  nearly  so 
/  Basal  clasp  segment  lobed 

g  Lobe  apical,  the  terminal  clasp  segment  subapical   

Lobodiplosis  n.  g. 
(Type  Mycodiplosis    acerina  Felt) 

gg  Lobe  basal,  setose Coquillcttomyia  n.  g. 

(Type  Mycodiplosis    lobata  Felt) 
//  Basal  clasp  segment  not  distinctly  lobed 

g  Terminal  clasp  segment  subfusiform,  greatly  dilated  

Karshomyia  n.  g. 
(Type   Mycodiplosis    viburni  Felt) 

13 


386  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

gg  Terminal   clasp    segment    slender,   distinctly   longer   than   the 

basal  clasp  segment  Youngomyia  n.  g. 

(Type     Dichrodiplosis     podophyllae     Felt) 

ggg  Terminal  clasp  segment  normal,  not  as  above 

Mycodiplosis  Rubs. 
cc  Claws  simple 

d  Distal  flagellate  antcnnal  segments  cylindric,  stemmed,  not  binodose 

Prodiplosis  n.  g. 
(Type  Cecidomyia    floricola  Felt) 
dd  All  flagellate  segments  binodose  at  least 

e  Third  vein  uniting  with  costa  well  before  the  apex 

Arthrocnodax  Rubs. 

cc  Third  vein  uniting  with  costa  at  or  beyond  the  apex  of  the  wing 

/  Palpi  triarticulate 

g  Ventral  plate  or  harpes  conical,  serrate.  .Odontodiplosis  n.  g. 

(Type  Cecidomyia    karnerensis  Felt) 

gg  Ventral  plate  not  serrate;  basal  clasp  segment  stout 

Adiplosis  n.  g. 
(Type  Cecidomyia    toxicodendri  Felt) 
//  Palpi  quadriarticulate 

g  Claws  bent  at  right  angles  or  nearly  so 

h  Ventral   plate   deeply   and   roundly   emarginatc,   the   dorsal 
plate  dilated,  the  lateral  angles  being  strongly  produced.. 

Hyperdiplosis  n.  g. 

(Type  Cecidomyia    lobata  Felt) 

hh  Ventral   plate  very   long,  slender,  roundly  emarginate,   the 

dorsal  plate  not  greatly  dilated Giardomyia  n.  g. 

(Type  Cecidomyia    p  h  o  t  o  p  h  i  1  a  Felt) 
gg  Claws  not  bent  at  right  angles 

h  Basal  clasp  segment  conspicuously  lobed  or  spined 

/  Basal  clasp   segment   with   one  or  more  heavy,  chitinous 

spines  apically Metadiplosis  n.  g. 

(Type    M.    spinosa    n.  sp.) 
n'  Basal  clasp  segment  with  a  long,  setose  process  apically 

Epidiplosis  n.  g. 
(Type  E.  s  a  y  i    n.  sp.) 
Ill  Basal  clasp  segment  with  a  triangular  lobe  basally;  ven- 
tral plate  scarcely  longer  than  broad.. Lestodiplosis  Kieff. 
hli  P.asal  clasp  segment  without  conspicuous  lobes  or  spines 
i'  Dorsal     and     ventral     plates     short,    broad,     triangularly 
emarginate;    terminal    clasp    segment    short,    stout,    the 

apex  broad,  serrate Paradiplosis  n.  g. 

(Type  C  e  c  i  d  o  m  y  i  a    o  b  e  s  a  Felt) 
II  Not  as  above 

/  Dorsal   plate   divided,    the   lobes   greatly   produced    and 

broadly  rounded  latrrally ( )l)olodiplosis  n.  g. 

(Type  C  c  c  i  (1  0  m  y  i  a    o  r  b  i  c  u  1  a  t  a  Felt) 
}}  Not  as  above 

/."  Ventral  plate  long,  linear,  narrowly  roumled  apically 

Clinodiplosis  Kieflf. 
kk  \'(iitr;d  plate  not  as  above Cecidomyia  Mcig. 


RETORT   OF   THE    STATE    EXTOMOLOGIST    I907 


387 


HORMOMYIA  H.    Lw. 

The  species  included  in  this  genus  at  the  present  time  rep- 
resent two  rather  distinct  types.  The  more 
typical  form  is  large  and  heavy-bodied, 
with  the  mesonotum  greatly  produce! 
over  the  head.  The  wings  are  long,  nar- 
row, and  the  males  of  this  division  have 
14-26  binodose  antennal  segments,  the 
circumfili  being  short,  the  loops  rarely 
having  a  length  greater  than  the  dis- 
tance separating  the  stems.  Another  type 
provisionally  referred  to  this  genus,  is 
most  easily  recognized  by  the  short  wings, 
broadly  rounded  posteriorly  and  having 
a  width  about  }i  the  length.  These 
species  are  rather  small  and  the  males 
have  the  short,  stout  circumfili  charac- 
teristic of  the  larger  forms.  American 
representatives  of  these  smaller  forms,  so  ^'^'i 
far  as  known,  breed  exclusively  in  hickory 
leaf  galls. 

Key  to  species 
a  Wings  long,  usually  with  a  length  more  than  twice  the  width  [pi.  37,  fig.  2] 
b  Antennae   composed   of  more  than  20  segments 
c  Palpi  uniarticulate 

d  Antennae  with  25  segments;  abdomen  yellowish,  male 

a  m  e  r  i  c  a  n  a    Felt,  C.  91 
cc  Palpi  biarticulate 

d  Antennae  with  27  segments  ;  abdomen  yellowish,  with  the  5th, 
6th  and  7th  segments  dull  orange;  ventral  plate  long,  broad, 
broadly  rounded  distally,  male,  .p  a  1  u  s  t  r  i  s  Felt,  C.  1205 
dd  Antennae  with  26  segments ;  abdomen  uniformly  fuscous  yel- 
lowish ;  ventral  plate  long,  broad,  deeply  and   triangularly 

emarginate,  male n  e  e  d  h  a  m  i    Felt,   C.   788 

bb  Antennae  with  less  than  20  segments 
c  Antennae  composed  of  18  segments 

d  Abdomen   dark   brown,    the  3d   and   4th   segments    margined 

posteriorly  with  yellow ;  palpi  biarticulate,  female 

a  1 1  a  n  t  i  c  a    n.  sp.,  C.  815 
cc  Antennae  composed  of  15  segments 

d  Abdomen    dark   brown,    the    8th    segment    mostly   yellowish; 
palpi    biarticulate;    ventral    plate    long,    spatulate,    truncate 

apically,  male consobrina    n.  sp.,   C.   1204 

ccc  Antennae  composed  of  14  segments 


Hormomyia  am- 
ericana  Felt,  12th  antennal 
segment  of  male,  much  en- 
larged.     (Original) 


388  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

d  Palpi  biarticulate 

e  Abdomen  dark  reddish  brown;  the  2d  palpal  segment  not 
3  times  the  length  of  the  ist;  ventral  plate  long,  broad, 
roundly    and    slightly    emarginate,    male;    bred    from 

truncate    gall    on    Amelanchier 

canadensis    n.  sp.,  ai758 

ee  Abdomen   dark  reddish ;   the  2d  palpal  segment  3  times 

the  length  of  the   ist,   female;  bred   from  a  terminal 

bud  gall  on  Spiraea clarkei    n.  sp.,  ai/Spa 

dd  Palpi  triarticulate 

e  Abdomen   shiny   black;    ventral   plate   spatulaie,   truncate 

dorsally,  male johnsoni    Felt,  C.  821 

ee  Abdomen  dark  red;  ventral  plate  short,  broad,  broadly 
emarginate,  male;  bred  from  cockscomb  gall  on  Cra- 
taegus  leaves c  r  a  t  a  e  g  i  f  o  1  i  a    Felt,   31362 

an  Wings  broad,  broadly,  rounded  posteriorly,  the  width  about  3^  the  length 
[pi.  ;i7,  fig.  5].    Palpi  tri  or  quadriarticulate 
b  Palpi  triarticulate 

c  Abdomen  dark  salmon  or  deep  red ;  5th  antennal  segment  with  a 
broad,  smooth  area  and  slightly  constricted  near  the  basal  3d ; 
3  circumfili,  the  loops  heavy,  rather  short,  broad;  ventral  plate 
roundly  emarginate,  male ;  bred  from  tubular  gall  on  oak  leaves 
(Cecidomyia)  tubicola    O.  S.,  C.  1106,  31450 
cc  Abdomen  light  yellowish ;  5th  antennal  segment  cylindric,  taper- 
ing  at    both    extremities,    with    3    circumfili,    the    loops    heavy, 
rather  short,  broad,   male;  bred  from     melon-shaped,  with   de- 
pressed center,  hickory  leaf  gall,  .t  li  o  m  p  s  o  n  i  n.  sp.,  C.  iii6a 
bb  palpi  quadriarticulate 

c  Abdomen  fuscous  or  deep  carmine;  sth  antennal  segment  having 
the  basal  stem  with  a  length  }i  its  diameter,  the  distal  stem 
with  a  length  J/2  its  diameter,  the  basal  enlargement  slightly 
produced,  with  a  length  twice  its  diameter  and  tapering  at 
both  extremities ;  circumfili  indistinct,  short,  the  loops  with  a 
length  about  equal  to  the  distance  separating  iheir  insertions; 

dorsal  plate  broadly  and  roundly  emarginate 

(Cc  c  i  d  o  m  y  i  a)  ca  r  y  a  e  O.  S.,  C.  Il04y 
cc  Abdomen  orange  or  deep  carmine ;  5th  antennal  segment  with  the 
basal  portion  of  the  stem  hardly  apparent,  the  distal  part  very 
short,  the  basal  enlargement  subcyliiidric,  with  a  length  about 
14  its  diameter,  the  distal  enlargement  cylindric,  with  a  length 
1/2  greater  than  its  diameter;  circumfili  heavy,  the  loops  thick, 
the  basal  loops  TCaching  to  the  insertion  of  the  2d  circumfilum, 
the  loops  of  the  distal  circumfilum  to  the  base  of  the  following 
segment;  dorsal  plate  nearly  truncate,  very  slightly  and  broadly 
emarginate;  bred  from  smooth  subglobular,  nippled  gall  on 
hickory n  r  c  n  a  r  i  a    n.   sp.,   C.    1 104Z 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  389 

ccc  Abdomen  pale  yellowish;  5th  antcnnal  segment  having  the 
basal  portion  of  tl'ie  stem  with  a  lengtli  equal  to  its  diameter, 
the  distal  part  with  a  length  ^  its  diameter,  the  distal  enlarge- 
ment oval  with  a  length  Yz  greater  than  its  diameter ;  cir- 
cumfili  very  faint,  probably  3;  dorsal  plate  deeply  and  narrowly 
emarginate;  bred  from  a  subglobular,  densely  haired  hickory 
leaf  gall (Cecidomyia)    holotricha    O.    S.,   C.   iiii 

DENTIFIBULA     11.   g. 

This  grotip  comprises  a  ntimber  of  forms  easily  separated 
from  the  more  typical  species  referred  to  Contarinia,  by  the 
conspicuous,  triangular  apical  process  on  the  basal  clasp  seg- 
ment, the  terminal  clasp  segment  is  therefore  subapical.  All  of 
the  species  are  small  pale  yellowish  forms.  The  wing  is  represented 
on  plate  38,  figure  i. 

Key  to  species 
a  Distal  portion  of  the  stem  of  the  5th  antennal  segment  rather  short,  with 
a  length  about  4  times  its  diameter;  the  5th  tarsal  segment  on  the 
anterior  legs  longer  than  the  4th 
h  Entire   insect   yellowish   with    the    exception    of   a   dark   spot    on    the 
dorsal    part    of   the    abdomen ;    wing  hairs   curved ;    antennal   setae 
rather  fine,  circumfili  long.    Taken  on  hickory,  .c  a  r  y  a  e   Felt,  332b 
bh  Mesonotum  yellowish  brown,  the  remainder  of  the  insect  light  yel- 
lowish;    wing    hairs    nearly    straight;    antennal    setae   coarse;    cir- 
cumfili rather  short.     Bred  from  Aspidiotus   uvae 

cocci    n.  sp.,  C.  1018 
aa  Distal  portion  of  antennal  stem  of  the  5th  segment  long,  with  a  length 
about  5  times  the  diameter ;  5ih  tarsal  segment  of  anterior  legs  as 
long  as  the  4th 

h  Entire  insect  a  pale  yellowish  orange.    Taken  on  Viburnum 

V  i  b  u  r  n  i    Felt,  C.  210,  591 

LOBOFTE&OIIYIA     U.    g. 

This  genus  comprises  a  number  of  very  distinct  forms  easily 
separable  from  Contarinia,  to  which  they  are  closely  related,  by 
the  broad  wings.  These  organs  have  a  conspicuous,  broadly 
rounded  extension  posteriorly,  making  the  width  about  Yz  the 
length  [pi.  38,  fig.  3,  4].  The  antennae  are  also  peculiar  in  that 
the  basal  portion  of  the  stem  on  the  flagellate  segments  rarely  has 
a  length  equal  to  its  diameter.  The  enlargements  are  relatively 
large,  subglobose,  and  the  circumfili  rather  short,  stout  and  uniform. 

Key  to  species 

a  Abdomen  yellowish 

h  Basal  portion  of  the  stem  of  the  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length 
about  J/2  its  diameter 


390  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

c  Mesonotum  ^-ellowish  and  slaty  brown ;  the  distal  portion  of  the 
stem  of  the  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  21^2  times  iis 
diameter,   slightly   expanded   apically;   the   basal   clasp   segment 

stout,  tapering  slightly.     Taken  on  fern  

f  i  1  i  c  i  s    Felt,  C.  20,  12^ 

cc  Mesonotum   sooty  yellow;   the  distal  portion  of  the  stem  of  the 

5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  J/^  greater  than  its  diameter, 

slightly  expanded  apically;  basal  clasp  segment  stout,  broadly 

rounded  apically.     Taken  on  basswood,  Tilia 

ap  i  ca  1  i  s    n.  sp.,  C.  52 
ccc  Mesonotum  dark  brown;  the  distal  portion  of  the  stem  of  the  Sth 
antennal  segment  with  a  length  twice  its  diameter,  greatly  ex- 
panded distally ;  the  basal  clasp  segment  short,  broad,  tapering 

strongly.    Taken  on  skunk  cabbage,  Symplocarpus 

f  o  e  t  e  d  i     n.  sp.,  C.  24,  28 

bb  The  basal  portion   of  the   stem  of  the  5th  antennal  segment  with  a 

length  1/2  greater  than  its  diameter 

c  Mesonotum   reddish   brown ;    the    distal   portion    of   the    stem    of 

the  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  3  times  its  diameter; 

the    br.sal    clasp    segment    short,    stout    and    tapering    strongly. 

Taken  on  skunk  cabbage,  Symplocarpus 

s  y  m  p  1  o  c  a  r  p  i    n.  sp.,  C.  2^ 
aa  Abdomen  yellowish  red 

b  Mesonotum  dark  brown;  the  basal  portion  of  the  stem  of  the  5th 
antennal  segment  with  a  length  only  J/2  its  diameter ;  the  basal 
clasp    segment    short,   stout  and    roundly   tapering  distally.     Taken 

on  fern consobrina    Felt,  C.  61 

aaa  Abdomen  light  brown;  tlie  basal  portion  of  the  stem  of  the  5th  antennal 

segment  with  a  length  Yi  its  diameter 

b  Mesonotum  dark  brown  ;   basal   clasp  segment  very  short,  stout  and 

roundly  tapering  apically.    Taken  on  basswood.  .t  i  1  i  a  e    Fell,  C.  25 

bb  Mesonotum    light   brown ;    the    basal    clasp   segment   very   short    and 

stout.     Taken  on  sedge c  a  r  i  c  i  s    n.  sp.,  C.   19 

aaaa  Abdomen  reddish  brown 

b  Mesonotum  yellowish  brown;  the  basal  portion  of  the  stem  of  the  5th 
antennal  segment  with  a  length  ]/2  its  diameter ;  the  basal  clasp  seg- 
ment short,  stout  and  narrowly  rounded  apically.     Swept  from  pine 

a  b  d  o  m  i  n  a  1  i  s    n.  sp.,  C.  16 

CONTARINIA   Koild. 

This  genus,  as  at  present  limited,  may  l»e  rccoqnized  by  the  nearly 
eqtial  nodes  of  tlie  male  antennae  each  with  hut  one  circumfiknu. 
The  wings  are  rather  long  and  narrow,  the  length  usually  being 
twice  that  of  the  width  |  j)!.  37,  fig.  6|.  The  claws  arc  simple  and 
the  basal  clas[)  segment  of  the  male  lacking  the  conspicuous  sid)- 
triangular  ajjical  process  so  characteristic  of  Dentifibula. 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  39I 

/I 


^3      Co  ntarinia     py: 

larged.      (Ori,<inal) 


Riley,  sth  antennal    segment  of  male, 


much  en- 


Key  to  species 

a  Small  yellowish   species  witli  very  few  or  no  fuscous  markings 

b  The    5th    antennal    segment    having  the  basal  portion  of  the  stem 
with  a  length  twice  its  diameter 
c  Mesonotum   yellowish   brown,   the  dorsal   plate   with  lobes  broad, 

broadly  rounded  and  sparsely  setose  apically 

trifolii    Felt,  C.  108 
cc  Mesonotum    reddish    brown,    dorsal    plate    with  lobes  long,  nar- 
rowly rounded  and  thickly  setose  apically.     Bred  from    E  u  p  a  - 

torium     perfoliatum perfoliata     n.    sp.,    31689 

bb  The  5th  antennal  segment  with  the  basal  portion  of  the  stem  with  a 
length  at  least  3  times  its  diameter 
c  Mesonotum  and  abdomen  pale  yellowish,  the  distal  segments  of 
the  latter  variably  clouded  with  fuscous ;  antennae  J^  longer 
than  the  body;  the  5th  antennal  segment  having  the  basal  part 
of  the  stem  with  a  length  3  times  its  diameter;  terminal  clasp 
segment   short,    irregularly  expanded   and   convolute,   the  apex 

strongly   recurved erratica    n.   sp.,  C.   1021 

cc  Mesonotum  dark  brown  ;  wings  long,  narrow  ;  antennae  twice  the 
length  of  the  body;  the  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  4 
times  its  diameter;  setae  and  circumfili  slightly  produced  ven- 

trally.     Bred  from  oak quercifolia    n.  sp.,  C.  1015 

(7(1  Species  usually  larger  and  with  more  color 
b  Abdomen  yellowish  or  yellowish  red 
c  Mesonotum  sooty  yellow 


392  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

d  Abdomen  fuscous  yellowish,  sparsely  haired,  the  5th  antenna! 

segment  having  the  basal  part  of  the  stem  with  a  length 

twice  its  diameter,  the  distal  portion  with  a  length  4  times 

its  diameter;  the  4th  palpal  segment  J^  longer  than  the  3d 

flavolinea   n.  sp.,  C.  231 

cc  Mcsonotum  reddish  brown 

d  Abdomen  yellowish  brown,  the  5th  antcnnal  segment  having 
the  basal  portion  of  the  stem  J^  longer  than  its  diameter, 
the  distal  part  a  little  over  twice  its  diameter ;  the  4th  palpal 
segment  a  little  longer  than  the  3d.     Bred  from  deformed 

cherry  v  i  r  g  i  n  i  a  n  i  a  e    Felt,  C.  769 

ccc  Mesonotum  dark  brown 

d  Abdomen  fuscous  greenish  white  or  yellowish 

e  5th  antennal  segment  with  the  basal  portion  of  the  stem 
with  a  length  equal  to  its  diameter,  the  distal  part  with 
a  length  2J/2  times  its  diameter;  the  4th  palpal  segment 

a  little  longer  than  the  3d.     Bred  from  Agrimonia 

agrimoniae    Felt,  a  1696 
ee  5th  antennal  segment  with  the  basal  portion  of  the  stem 
with   a   length   2^    times   its   diameter,   the   distal   part 
with  a  length  4  times  its  diameter;  the  4th  palpal  seg- 
ment with  a  length  l4  greater  than  the  3d.     Bred  from 

cotton  gossypii    Felt,  C.  1331 

dd  Abdomen  pale  yellowish,  the  segments  narrowly  margined 
posteriorly  with  fuscous  yellow ;  the  2  parts  of  the  stem 
of  the  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  14  greater  than 
the  diameter;  the  4th  palpal  segment  more  than  twice  tlic 

length  of  the  3d.    Bred  from  Rumcx 

r  u  ni  i  c  i  s    II.  Lw.,  a  1505 

ddd  Abdomen   fuscous  yellowisli;   the  stli   antcnnal  segment  with 

the  basal  portion  of  the  stem  witli  a  length  K'  greater  than 

its   diameter,   the   distal   part    with   a   length   2y>    times    its 

diameter;  the  4ih  palpal  segment  Vj  linger  than  the  3d 

d  i  V  a  r  i  c  a  t  a    n.   sp.,  C.  350 

dddd  Abdomen   pale   salmon,    llie   .sili    antennal   segment   with   the 

basal  portion  of  the  stem  with  a  length  twice  its  diameter, 

the  distal  portion  with  a  length  2)/^  times  its  diameter;  the 

4tli  palpal  segment  twice  the  length  of  the  3d.     Taken  on 

Sainbucus    s  a  m  b  u  c  i  f  o  1  i  a    Felt,  C.   153 

ddddd  Abdomen  greenish  yellow  ;  the  5th  antennal  segment  with  the 
basal  portion  of  the  stem  2'/  times  its  diameter,  the  distal 
portion  3  times  its  dianuter;  the  3(1  and  4th  palpal  seg- 
ments  equal V  i  r  i  (1  i  f  1  a  V  a    n.   sp.,   C.   606 

bh  Abdomen  reddish  or  reddish  brown 

c  The  5th  antennal  segment  with  the  bas.il  purtinn  n{  the  stem  K' 
its  diameter,  the  distal  portii-n  with  a  length  Yi  greater  than 
its  diameter;  the  4th  palpal  segment  twice  the  length  of  the 
3d;  the  d.  rsal  i)late  trian   u'arly  iiuiscd.     Bred  from  Taxodium 

a  n  a  n  a  s  s  i    Riley,    C.   926 
cc  5th   antennal  segment   with  the  basal   pmlion  of  the  stem  with  a 
length  ?4  its  diameter 


REPORT   OF  THE    STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  393 

d  Sth  antennal  segment  with  the  distal  portion  of  the  stem  l/z 
longer  than  its  diameter;  the  4th  palpal  segment  J^  longer 

than  the  3d;  the  dorsal  plate  triangularly  incised 

hudsonici   n.  sp.,  C.  3 

dd  5th  antennal  segment  having  the  distal  portion  of  the  stem 

with  a  length  twice   its   diameter;   the  4th  palpal  segment 

about  the  length  of  the  3d.     Bred  from  a  purplish  blister 

gall  on  Tulip  1  i  r  i  0  d  e  n  d  r  i    O.  S. 

ccc  The  5th  antennal  segment  with  the  distal  portion  of  the  stem  as 
long  as  its  diameter 
d  The  5th  antennal  segment  with  the  distal  portion  of  the 
stem  y2  longer  than  its  diameter;  the  4th  palpal  segment 
twice  the  length  of  the  3d;  the  dorsal  plate  truncate,  nar- 
rowly incised t  run  cat  a    n.  sp.,  C.   1202,   1203 

dd  The  5th  antennal  segment  with  the  distal  portion  of  the 
stem  with  a  length  3  times  its  diameter;  the  3d  and  4th 
palpal   segments    equal ;    the    dorsal    plate   triangularly    and 

broadly  emarginate.    Bred  from  Clematis 

clematidis   n.  sp.,  ai659b 
cccc  The  5th  antennal  segment  with  the  basal  portion  of  the  stem  with 
a  length  J4  greater  than  its  diameter;  the  4th  palpal  segment  a 
little  longer  than  the  3d;   the  dorsal   plate  triangularly  emar- 
ginate  viatica    n.  sp.,  C.  105a 

ccccc  The   5th   antennal    segment   with  the  basal   portion    of  the   stem 

having  a  length  ^  greater  than  its  diameter 

d  The   Sth   antennal    segment   with    the    distal   portion    of   the 

stem  with  a  length  equal  to  that  of  its  diameter ;  the  dorsal 

plate    broadly    and    triangularly    emarginate.      Bred    from 

sorghum  seeds  sorghicola    Coq.,  C.  972 

dd  The  5th  antennal  segment  of  the  distal  portion  of  the  stem 
with  a  length  3^  times  its  diameter;  the  4th  palpal  seg- 
ment H  longer  than  the  3d ;  the  dorsal  plate  triangularly 

incised ampelophila    Felt,   C.  9 

cccccc  The  5th  antennal  segment  with  the  2  portions  of  the  stem  with 
a   length  2|!/2    times   the   diameter;    the  4th   palpal   segment   J4 

longer  than  the  3d;  the  dorsal  plate  triangularly  incised 

balsamifera    Felt,  C.  143,  144,  169,  173,  174 
hhh  Abdomen  brown  or  dark  brown 
c  Abdomen  light  brown 

d  Wings  unicolorous ;    the    5th    antennal    segment    with   the   2 
portions  of  the  stem   each  with  a  length  about  7^/2  times 
its   diameter;   the   circumfili   long,    slender,   numerous;   the 
3d  and  4th  palpal  segments  equal.    Bred  from  pear,  Pyrus. . 
pyrivora    Riley,  C.  790,  959,  961,  997 
dd  Wings  spotted  with  fuscous,  the  Sth  antennal  segment  hav- 
ing the  basal  portion  of  the  stem  with,  a  length  Yz  greater 
than  its  diameter,  the  distal  part  with  a  length  3  times  its 
diameter;   the  circumfili  with  loops  rather  long  and  sparse 
and  the  4th  palpal  segment  a  little  longer  than  the  3d.... 
maculosa    n.  sp.,  C.  599 


394  ^'EW    YORK    STATE    MUSKUM 

cc  Abdomen  dark  brown  or  brownisli  black 

d  The  5th  antennal  segment  with  the  basal  portion  of  the  stem 
having  a  length  equal  to  its  diameter,  the  distal  portion  of 
the  stem  with  a  length  3  times  its  diameter;  the  4th  palpal 

segment  K'  longer  than  the  3d.     Bred  from  Negundo 

'  n  e  g  u  n  d  i  f  o  1  i  a    n.  sp.,  C.  9O7 

dd  The   5th   antennal   segment   with   the  2  portions  of   the  stem 

having  a  length  ^^  greater  than  the  diameter ;  the  4ih  palpal 

segment  J^  longer  than  the  3d.     Bred  from  melon  tip 

s  e  t  i  g  c  r  a    Lintn. 

(/(/(/  The    5th    antennal    segment   with    the    2   parts    of    the   stem 

I'.aving  a   length  2^  times  greater  than  the  diameter ;  the 

4th    palpal    segment    twice    the    Itngth    of    the    preceding. 

Probably  bred  from  Fraxinus 

canadensis     n.   sp.,    C.    1027 

DICHR0DIPL0SI8   Kicff. 

A  few  somewhat  diverse  species  have  heen  referred  to  this  genus 
because  they  have  all  the  claws  unidentate.  It  is  probable  that 
several  forms  at  least  are  not  cogeneric  with  the  type  of  the  above 
named  genus. 

Key  to   species 
</  .Abdomen  fuscous  yellowish,  length  1.25  mm;  fiftji  antennal  segment  having 
the  stems  with  a  length  3^/2  and  4'j  times  their  diameters;  palpi  quadri- 

arliculate;  bred   from  a  subglobular  leaf  gall  on  poplar 

p  o  p  u  1  i   n.  sp.,  C.  a  1 743 
iia  Abdomen  reddish  brown 

b  I'ifth    antennal    segment    having   the    stems    witli    a    length    2    and    3'{. 

times  their  diameters;  length  1.5  mm.  . .  .a  n  d  r  o  g  y  n  c  s    n.  sp.,  C.  6 

bb  I'^ifth  antennal  segment  having  the  stems  very  short,  the  basal  stem  with 

a  length  only  about  K'  its  diameter 

c  Antennal  swellings  elongate,  coalescing;  length  1.5  mm;  priil)alily  bred 

from  oak  leaves (  C  e  c  i  d  o  m  y  i  a  )    (|  n  e  r  e  i  n  a    belt,  C.  1006 

cc  Antennal  swellings  stiait,  well  separated,  length   1.5  mm 

( ("  (•  (•  i  (1  0  m  y  i  a)    in  n  I  t  i  t' i  1  .1    bill.   (".    102} 

BREMIA     l^»nd. 

'J'liis  j.(enus,  like  .\])hidi  ilcUs,  has  the  antennal  setae  and  hairs 
greatly  prolonged  <mi  lite  dorsal  face.  The  male  may  he  di^tiii- 
gnished  from  all  otiur  (  ccidomyiidae  known  to  us  by  the  low 
rudimentary  eiremnlilum  occurring  on  the  base  of  the  distal  en- 
largement of  the  antemial  segments  |  fig.  44I.  The  i)idvilli  are 
very  short  or  rndiinentary.  the  anferi<jr  claws  oidy  being  unidcn- 


I  possibly  the  same 


ATI-:    KXTOMOr.OGIST    I907 


3')S 


tate.     The  wiuij;  is   illustrated  on  ])late   37,   fij^iire  3.     The  ventral 
plate  in  the  male  tai)ers  distall}-  presenting  a  very  different  appear- 


Fig.   44     Bremia   filicis    Felt,  5th  antennal  segment  of   male,  much  enlarged.     (Origi- 
nal) 

ance  from  that  obtaining  in  Aphidoletes.     ^Members  of  this  genus 
are  said  by  Kieft'er  to  be  xylophagous. 


Key  to  species 

a  Abdomen  yellowish  brown,  the  segments  margined  posteriorly  with  pale 
fuscous,  antennal  segments  with  the  distal  portion  of  the  stem  markedly 

longer  than  the  basal  portion podophyllae    Felt,  C.  352 

aa  Abdomen  fuscous,   clothed  with  long  hairs,  antennal  segments  with  the 

2  portions  of  the  stem  nearly  equal filicis    Felt,  C.  397 

0(7(7  Abdomen  dark  fuscous  yellow,  the  terminal  segments  pale  orange,  the  2 
portions  of  the  stem  nearly  equal,  the  length   fully  3  times  the  diameter 

c  a  r  i  c  i  s    n.  sp.,  C.  292 


31/5 


Xi:\V    YORK    STATE    MUSKl'M 


APHIDOLETES     Kicft. 

Aphidoletes  and  Bremia  are  peculiar  in  that  the  setae  and 
circumfili  of  the  male  antennae  are  greatly  produced  on  the 
dorsal  face.  This  genus  is  easily  separated  from  Bremia  by 
the  three  well  developed  circumfili  [fig.  45]  ;  and  by  the  pulvilli 
beinc  loncf,   usually   over  one  half   the   length  of   the   claw.     The 


Fig.  45-     Aphidoletes    ham.-imclidis  Felt,  sth  antcnnal  segment  of  male,  much 
enlarged.     (Original) 

ventral  plate  in  the  male  is  cxijandcd  distally  and  the  anterior 
and  midclavvs  are  strongly  unidcntate;  the  ])()sliri()r  claws  arc 
simple.    The  wing  is  shown  on  plate  37,  figure  4. 

All  of  the  species  of  Aphidoletes  presumably  li\e  at  the  ex- 
pense of  aphids  or  plant  lice. 


Key  to  species 
a  Lcf?s  very  slcndt-r  with  a  IciiRtli  2),<i  or  3  tiiius  tliat  nf  llic  I)Ofly ;  tihiac 
distinctly  though  slightly  swollen  apically 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE   ENTO^rOLOGIST    I907  397 

b  Posterior   til)ia  as  long  as  the   femora,   iTic  2(1   tarsal   segment   longer 
than    tibia ;    body    fuscous,    the   abdomen    thickly    clothed   with    pale 

hairs (B  r  e  m  i  a)    h  a  m  a  m  e  1  i  d  i  s     Felt,   C.   401 

bb  Posterior  tibia   shorter  than   the  femora 

c  Abdomen  dark  brown;   scutellum   reddish   l)rown 

m  a  r  g  i  n  a  t  a    n.  sp.,  C.  1224 

cc  Abdomen   reddish   brown ;    scutellum   light   brown 

f  u  1  V  a    n.  sp.,  C.  530 
ccc  Abdomen   reddish  brown ;   scutellum  light  yellow 

recurvata    n.  sp.,  C.  825 
aa  Legs  rather  stout,  with  a  length  rarely  twice  that  of  the  body;  tibiae  not 
distinctly  swollen  apically 
b  Posterior  tibia  nearly  as  long  as  the  femora 

c  2d  tarsal  segment  of  posterior  legs  longer  than  the  tibia.  Abdo- 
men reddish  brown ;  scutellum  pale  yellowish  brown,  legs  yel- 
lowish  brown m  ar  i  d  i  o  n  a  1  i  s    n.  sp.,   C.    1005 

cc  2d  tarsal  segment  of  posterior  legs  almost  as  long  as  tibia;  abdo- 
men   grayish,   thickly   haired ;    scutellum   yellowish ;    legs    light 

brown (Diplosis,    Bremia)   cue  um  oris    Lintn. 

bb  Posterior  tibia  ^  the  length  of  femora 

c  2d   tarsal    segment    of   posterior   legs    longer   than    tibia   and    1st 

tarsal  segment 

d  Abdomen  pale  reddish  orange;  scutellum  yellowish  basally,  red 

apically ;  legs  fuscous  yellow ....flavida    n.  sp.,  C.  666 

^d  Abdomen    fuscous    yellow;    scutellum    light    fuscous    yellow; 

legs  light  brown b  o  r  e  a  1  i  s   n.  sp.,  aii6o 

cc  2d  tarsal  segment  of  posterior  legs  as  long  as  tibia  and  the  ist 
tarsal  segment 
d  3d  tarsal  segment  of  posterior  legs  J/2  the  length  of  the  2d. 
Abdomen  dark  reddish  brown;  scutellum  reddish  orange... 

marina    n.  sp.,  C.  581 

dd  3d  tarsal   segment  of  posterior  legs  more  than   ^   length  of 

2d  segment.     Abdomen  yellowish  brown,  the  basal  segment 

fuscous  brown,  scutellum  yellowish  red 

b  a  s  a  1  i  s    n.  sp.,  ai722 

LOBODIPLOSIS    n.    g. 

This  genus  is  erected  for  certain  small,  orange  or  yellowish  orange 
species  having  the  anterior  claws  unidentate  and  the  third  vein  unit- 
ing with  costa  well  beyond  the  apex  [pi.  38,  fig.  8].  The  palpi  are 
quadriarticulate  and  the  basal  clasp  segment  lobed,  the  terminal  clasp 
segment  being  slender  and  subapical  [pi.  40].  The  harpes  are 
strongly  curved  and  heavily  chitinized.  The  wings  are  illustrated 
on  plate  38,  figures  3,  4.  Type,  Mycodiplosis  acerina 
Felt. 

Nothing  is  known  concerning  the  life  history  of  members  of  this 
genus,  though  it  would  not  be  surprising  if  they,  like  the  allied  My- 


39?  Xi:\V    YORK    STATH    MUSEUM 

codiplosids,  breed  largely  in  fungi.  The  tyi)e  species  is  evidently 
widely  distributed  and  i)ersists  through  a  considerable  part  of  tlic 
growing  season. 

•Key  to   species 

a  Basal  clasp  segment  with  the  apical  lohe  broadly  rounckd,  smooth 

(M  y  c  o  d  i  p  1  o  s  i  s)    a  c  e  r  i  n  a  Felt,  C.  243,  269,  270,  548,  688,  699 
aa  Basal  clasp  segment  with  a  long,  setose  lobe  apically 

(M  y  c  o  d  i  p  1  o  s  i  s )    q  u  e  r  c  i  n  a   Felt,   C  271 

COauILLETTOMYIA    11.    g. 

This  genus  is  allied  to  Alycodiplosis,  since  it  has  the  anterior  tar- 
sal segments  unidentate.  It  may  be  separated  therefrom  by  the 
conspicuous  setose  basal  lobe  at  the  internal  angle  of  the  basal 
clasp  segment.  The  ventral  plate  is  about  as  long  as  the  style  and 
broadly  rounded  apically,  while  the  harpes  are  strongly  chitinized. 

Type  AI  y  c  o  d  i  p  1  o  s  i  s    1  o  b  a  t  a    Felt. 

Key  to   species 
o  Abdomen  dark  salmon.  iIk'  internal  lobe  of  the  basal  clasp  segment  short, 
broad,    naked,    tlie    ventral    plate    slightly    emarginate;    harpes    incon- 
spicuous  (M  ycod  ip  1  OS  i  s)    lobata   Felt,    C.    176 

aa  Abdomen  yellowish,  the  internal  lobe  of  the  basal  clasp  segment  short, 
stout,  setose,  the  ventral  plate  brt  adly  rounded;  harpes  short,  spined 

apically t  c  x  a  n  a    n.   sp.,   C.   a  1 728 

aaa  Abdomen  light  l)ro\vn,  the  internal  lobe  of  the  basal  clasp  segment  long, 
setose;  ventral  plate  broadly  rounded;  harpes  long,  terminating  in  a 
heavy,  curved,  chitinous  prccess d  c  n  t  a  t  a    n.  sp.,  C.  622 

KARSHOMYIA   11.   g. 

'Jhe  form  referable  to  this  genus  is  a  small,  yellowisli  brown 
banded  >])ecie>  allied  to  Lobodijjlosis  b'elt  and  easily  distinguished 
therefrcjm  by  the  uiii(|ue  genitalia.  The  .stout  basal  clasp  segment 
bears  a  broadly  jlilated,  subfusiform  terminal  clasp  segment;  the 
harpes  are  strongly  chitinized  and  very  cf)mj)lex  [j)l.  41,  fig.  i]. 
The  wing  is  slunvn  on  plate  3S,  figure  7.  I  ypc  and  sole  species, 
M  y  c  o  d  i  p  1  o  s  i  s    v  i  b  u  r  11  i     l\lt,  C'ecid.  S(>. 

YOUNGOMYIA     n.    g. 

This  genus  comprises  several  lalher  large,  brownish  Diplosids 
allied  to  Mycodii)lf)sis  and  distinguished  therefrom  by  the  peculiar 
genitalia.  The  terminal  clasj)  segment  is  greatly  produced,  being 
flistinctly   longer   than   the  basal  clas|)  segnienl,  wliicli   latter  has  a 


KEl'ORT   OF   THE 


]•:  \  TO  .M  o  I  .ocj  1  s  r  1 907 


3<)9 


prominent  lobe  at  its  internal  basal  angle.  The  dorsal  ])lale  is  al- 
most cli\-i(le(l ;  the  rDundly  truncate  ventral  plate  is  thickly  haired 
ai)icall}-  and  the  st}le  is  rather  stout,  clavate  [pi.  41,  fig.  2|.  Type 
D  i  c  r  o  (1  i  p  1  o  s  i  s     p  o  d  o  p  h  y  1 1  a  c     Felt. 


Fig     46      Karshomyia     viburn 
(Original) 


itennal  segment   of    male,  much   enlarged. 


Nothing  is  known  concerning  the  life  history  of  the  species  refer- 
able to  this  genus,  though  it  would  not  be  surprising  if  later  studies 
showed  that  they  subsisted  uixm  fungi,  though  it  is  ])ossil)le  that 
they  are  zoophagous. 

Key   to    species 

a  A1)clomen  reddish  l)ro\vn,  tlic  ba.sal  clasp  segment  vvitli  tlie  internal  basal 

lobe  subquadratc.  .  (D  i  c  r  o  d  i  p  1  o  s  i  s)   p  o  d  o  p  h  y  1  1  a  c  Felt,  C.  207 

aa  Abdomen  dark  red,  tlie  basal  clasp  scj?mcnt  witli   the  internal  basal  lobe 

triangular r  u  1)  i  vl  a     n.   sp.,   C.   423 


400  NliW    \X)RK    STATK    MUSKUM 

MYC0DIPL0SI3    Rubs. 

This  genus  comprises  a  large  number  of  small,  yellowish  or  light 
brown  forms  presenting  very  much  the  same  general  appearance 
and  yet  differing  considerably  in  structural  characters.  The  anterior 
claws  are  unidentate  and  the  third  vein  as  a  rule  joins  the  margin 
of  the  wing  beyond  the  apex.  We  have  referred  to  this  group  a 
considerable  number  of  forms  having  a  more  or  less  uniform 
structure  and  not  referable  to  such  recently  erected  genera  as  Kar- 
shomyia,  Lobodiplosis,  Youngomyia  and  Coquillettomyia,  all  of 
which  are  separated  from  this  large  genus  by  well  marked  structural 
characters. 

Key  to  species 
a  Third  vein  uniting  with  costa  well  before  the  apex 
b  Harpes  indistinct,  not  lobelikc 
c  Abdomen  pale  yellowish;   ventral  plate  raliier  lont;,  liroadly  emargi- 
nate,  the  basal   portion  of  the  stem  of   (lie   51I1   antennal   segment 
with  a  length  ^  greater  thnn  its  diameter,  .r  c  d  u  c  t  a    n.  sp.,  C.  479 
bb  Harpes  lobulate,  distinct 
c  Harpes  setose 

d  Abdomen    reddish   brown ;    ventral   plate   short,   truncate,   the   basal 
portion   of   the   stem  of  the  5t]i   antennal   segment    with   a   Icngtii 

twice  its  diameter m  i  n  u  t  a   l-\lt,   C.   2(jo 

cc  Harpes   strongly   spined,   the   basal    portion   of   the   stem    of   the   5lh 
antennal  segment  with  a  length  14  greater  than  its  diameter 

(!  Abdomen   yelltwish   transparent;    scutellnni    reddisli   brown 

ac  e  r  i  f  o  1  i  a   I'Vlt,   C  37 
(Id  Abdomen  dark   reddisli  brnwii;    scutelluiii   a  pale    fusemis  yellnwisli 

p  i  n  i    l'\lt,  C.  .^-iS 
aa  Third  vein  uniting  with  costa  beyond  the  apex 

b  Ventral  plate  long,  at  least  ^^  the  length  of  the  style 

c  Ventral  plate  expanded  apically.  broadly  and  deepl\    einar,i;inate 
d  Dorsal  plate  long 

f  Lobes    greatly    expanded    dislally,    spatulate;    alxjitnun    yellowish, 

length  .75  nnn.  . .  .  (C  e  c  i  d  o  m  y  i  a)  a  n  g  u  1  a  t  a  h'elt,  C.  3.?Ja 

(.Syn.    C.    u  r  t  ieae    I'Vlt   1-M) 

cc  Lubes    lung,    not    greatly    expanded    laterally,    narrowly    rounded 

ai)ically 

/  Abdomen   yellowish   brown,    reddish    brcjwn   basally,   length    .73 

nun,  the  liflh  antennal  segment  having  the  stems  2  and  2I/2 

times    their    diameters;    bred    from    folded,    thiekeued    cherry 

leaves.  ...  (C  c  c  i  d  o  m  y  i  a  )    e  e  r  a  s  i  f  o  1  i  ,1    |\ll,   C.    ai57i 

//  Abdonu-n    light    yellowish,    reddish    basally,    Wny.\h    i    nun;    5th 

antennal    segment    having    the    steins    j'/j    and    4    times    their 

diameters;  bred   from  globular  leaf  gall  on  popl.ir 

p  o  p  u  I  i  f  o  1  i  a    n.  sp.,  C.  a  15 14 


RKl'OKT   OF   TIM':    STATK    KN  TO  MO  LOG  1ST    I907  4OI 

///  Abdomen  pale  yellowish,  orange  tinted  basally,  length  1.5  nnn ; 
fifth  antcnnal  segment  having  the  stems  3  and  4  times  their 
length ;     bred     from     fungus     on     Impaticns,     O  e  c  i  d  i  u  m 

i  m  p  a  t  i  e  n  t  i  s i  m  p  a  t  i  c  n  t  i  s    n.  sp.,  C.  31542 

(id  Dorsal  plate  short,  broad,  the  lobes  broadly  rounded  and  margined 
with  setae;  ventral  plate  deeply  and  triangularly  emarginate,  the 
lobes  slender,  the  basal  portion  of  the  stem  of  the  5th  antennal 

segment  with  a  length  2^/2  times  its  diameter 

rotundata    n.  sp.,  C.  634,  704,  564 

ddd  Dorsal  plate   with   the   lateral   angles  produced,   the   lobes   roundly 

emarginate 

e  Basal  portion   of   the  stem  of  the  5th  antcnnal  segment  with  a 

length  J4  greater  than  its  diameter 

/  The  lobes  of  the  dorsal  plate  deeply  and  roundly  emarginate, 

the    antennae    plainly    trinodose 

holotricha   n.  sp.,  C.  1104a,  iiioa,  ai82ib 
cc  Basal  portion  of  the  stem   of  the  5th  antennal  segment  with  a 
length  twice  its  diameter 
/  Dorsal  plate  long,  deeply  and  roundly  emarginate ;  antennae  not 

trinodose corylifolia    Felt,    C.    ai543b 

ece  Fifth  antennal  segment  having  the  basal  portion  of  the  stem  with 
a  length  thrice  its  diameter 
/  The  lobes  of  the  dorsal  plate  broadly  not  deeply  emarginate 
g  Ventral  plate  deeply  and  triangularly   emarginate,  the  lobes 

slender tenuitas    n.    sp.,    C.   306 

gg  Ventral    plate    broadly    and    roundly    emarginate,    the    lobes 

stout r  o  b  u  s  t  a    n.    sp.,    C.    1210 

cc  Ventral  plate  broadly  and  slightly  emarginate 

d  Fifth  antennal  segment  having  the  basal  portion  of  the  stem  with 
a  length  thrice  its  diameter,  the  dorsal  plate  short,  with  the 
lateral  angles  narrowly  produced,  the  lobes  roundly  emarginate 

cyanococci  Felt,  C.  136 

dd  Fifth  antennal  segment  having  the  basal  portion  of  the  stem  with 

a  length  equal  to  its  diameter,  the  dorsal  plate  short,  the  lateral 

angles  broadly  produced c  o  n  t  r  a  c  t  a  ,    C.  671 

ccc  Ventral  plate  tapering  distally,  broadly  and  deeply  emarginate 
d  Terminal  clasp  segment  as  long  as  the  basal  clasp  segment 

e  Fifth  antcnnal  segment  having  the  basal  portion  of  the  stem  with 

a  length  four  times  its  diameter,  the  dorsal  plate  truncate 

f  i  b  u  1  a  t  a    n.  sp.,  C.  684 

dd  Terminal    clasp    segment    distinctly    shorter    than    the    basal   clasp 

segment  ^ 

e  Fifth  antennal  segment  having  the  basal  portion  of  the  stem  with 

a  length  three  to  four  times  its  diameter 

f  Abdomen  fuscous  yellowish  with  the  ventral  plate  narrow,  the 

distal  enlargement  of  the  Sth  antennal  segment  with  a  length 

2K'  times  its  diameter,  stcut  and  constricted  at  the  basal  third 

c  a  p  t  i  V  a  Felt,  C.  197 


402  M:\V    YORK    STATE    MUSKUM 

//  Abdomen  light  brown,  the  ventral  plate  broad,  the  5th  antcnnal 
segment  having  the  distal  enlargement  with  a  length  ^^  greater 

than  its  diameter  and  constricted  at  the  basal  third 

a  c  s  t  i  V  a    n.  sp.,  C.  389 

///  Abdomen   light   brown,   the   ventral   plate    narrow,    the   5th   an- 

tennal   segment   having  the   distal   enlargement   with   a  length 

Yi  greater  tlian  its  diameter  and  not  constricted  at  tlic  basal 

third o  b  s  c  u  r  a    n.  sp.,  C.  204 

ec  Fifth  antennal  segment  having  the  basal  portion  of  the  stem  with 
a  length  2^/2  times  its  diameter,  the  distal  enlargement  witli  a 
length  Yi,  greater  than  its  diameter,  the  lobes  of  the  dorsal  plate 

obliquely  truncate ;  abdomen  fuscous  yellowish 

V  a  r  i  a  1)  i  I  i  s    n.  sp.,  C.  652 

ccc  Fifth  antennal  segment  having  the  basal  portion  of  the  stem  with 

a  length  ^i  greater  than  its  diameter,  the  distal  enlargement  with 

a  length  !S4  greater  than  its  diameter,  the  lobes  of  the  dorsal 

plate  truncate ;   abdomen    fuscous   brown 

m  o  d  c  s  t  a    n.  sp.,  C.  289 

cccc  Ventral    plate    broadly    rounded    apically,    the    5th    antcnnal    segment 

having  the  basal  portion  of  the  stem  with  a  length  2^   times  its 

diameter,  the  abdomen  fuscous  yellowish. ..  .t  s  u  g  a  e  Felt,  C.  i68a 

hb  Ventral  plate  rather  short,  a1)out   lA   the  length  of  the  style  or  of  the 

basal  clasp  segment  if  the  style  is  short 

c  Ventral  plate  deeply  emarginate 

d  Fifth  antennal  segment  having  the  basal  portion  of  the  stem  with  a 
length   2\A  times  its  diameter,  the  abdomen  yellowish  orange.... 
e  m  a  r  g  i  n  a  t  a  Felt,  C.  191,  438,  695 
cc  Ventral  plate  broad,  broadly  and  slightly  emarginate 

d  Fifth  antennal  segment  having  the  basal  portion  of  the  stem  with 
a  length  twice  its  diameter 
e  The  dorsal  plate  narrowly  incised,  tlir  abilnnun  a  mottled  l)rown 
a  1  t  e  r  n  a  t  a    l"\]1,  C.   -'CX),  205,  2Jo 
cc  Dorsal    i)late    triangularly    incise<i,    the    alidiinuii    a    reddish    car- 
mine  Iiudsnni    Felt,   C.    188 

dd  I'iflh  antennal  segment  having  tiie  l)asal   porliim  of  tlie  stv'in   with 
a  length  Yz  greater  than  its  diameter 
c  Abdomen  pale  orange,  the  distal  enlargement  of  ihe  51I1  antennal 

segment   with  a  length   y.\  greater  tiian  its  diameter 

eory  I  i    l'\lt.  t".  237 
cc  .\l)donien     bright     (range,     tlie     dist.d     enl.irgenient     ot'     (lie    lifth 

antenna)    segment    with   a   length   twice   its   diameter 

p  e  r  p  1  e  X  a    n.  s]).,  C.  554 
ccc  Ventral  |)Iate  broadly  truncate 

rf  Dorsal    plate    narrowly    incised,    the    I;  bes    rallier    broad:    alHliuien 

brownish  orange a  u  r  a  I  a    n.  s|>..  ('.  212 

dd  Dorsal    ))late    narrowly    incised,    the    loltrs    narrow    and    narrowly 
roun<li(l;  abdomen  dark  l>rown.  •  i  I  v  a  n  a    n.  sp.,  C.  255 


RKi'oKr  OF  Till-:  sTATi':  i-:n  ro.MoLciCisr   njo"/  403 

cccc  Ventral  plate  hrcacUy  rcuinded  apically 

d  Dorsal  plate  short,  deeply  and  narrowly  incised,  the  lobes  broadly 
rounded;   5th  antennal   segment  having  the  basal  portion  of  the 

stem   with  a  length  syi  times  its  diameter 

(C  e  c  i  d  o  m  y  i  a )    a  c  a  r  i  v  o  r  a   Felt,   C.   847 

PRODIPLOSIS       n.    g. 

This  genus  is  erected  for  the  reception  of  certain  small  forms 
which  display,  in  a  most  interesting  manner,  the  transition  between 
the  typical  binodose  antennae  of  the  male  Diplosid  and  the  cylindric 
stemmed  antennae  of  Rhopalomyia.  The  circumfili  are  rudimentary 
or  wanting.  The  third  to  ninth  segments  are  distinctly  binodose, 
the  eighth  and  ninth  only  slightly  so,  while  the  loth  to  the  14th 
are  cylindric.  The  claws  are  simple.  The  third  vein  unites  with 
the  wing  margin  well  beyond  the  apex.  The  genitalia  are  peculiar, 
in  that  the  harpes  are  somewhat  inflated. 

Type  Cecidomyia    floricola    Felt,  C.  ai68i . 

Apparently  the  same  species  has  been  bred  from  enlarged  blos- 
soms of  clematis  under  the  numl^er  a  1604. 

ARTHROCNODAX   Rubs. 

This  genus  comprises  a  number  of  small,  yellowish  forms  having 
simple  claws  and  most  easily  recognized  by  the  third  vein  uniting 
with  the  costa  well  before  the  apex.  It  is  probable  that  most  of  the 
species  are  zoophagous,  though  A.  a  p  i  p  h  i  1  a  is  known  to  subsist 
uix)n  organic  ('ebris  in  beehives. 

Key  to   species 

a  Ventral  plate  broadly  rounded  apically 
b  Ventral  plate  long,  rather  narrow 

c  Dorsal  plate  short,  deeply  and  narrowly  incised 
d  Stems  of  5th  antennal   segment  nearly  equal,  each   witli   a   length 

thrice  the  diameter;  abdomen  orange  brown,  length  75  nun 

(Cecidomyia)    incisa  Felt,  C.  67 

dd  Fifth  antennal  segment  with  the  stems  subequal,  each  with  a  length 

2^    and   4   times    the   diameter;    abdomen    dark   carmine   witli   a 

fuscous  spot,  length  1.2  mm 

(Cecidomyia)     s  y  1  v  e  s  t  r  i  s    Felt,  C.  a  1630 
cc  Dorsal  plate   long,   broadly  and   triangularly  emarginate 

d  Fifth   antennal   segment   with  the   stems  nearly   equal,   each   with   a 
length   2]/-  and  3  times  tlie  diameter;   abdomen  dark  red,  length 

I  mm r  u  f  a    n.  sp.,  C.  678 

bb  Ventral  plate  long,  rather  broad 

f  Dorsal  plate  broadly  and  triangularly  emarginate 


404  -M:\V    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

d  Fiftli  antennal  segment  with  the  stems  subequal,  each  with  a  length 
2y2  and  314  times  the  diameter;  abdomen  yellowish  brown,  length 

I  mm (Cecidomyia)    filicis   Felt,  C.    139,   538 

cc  Dorsal  plate  short,  broadly  and  triangularly  emarginate 

d  Fifth  antennal  segment  with  the  stems  equal,  each  with  a  length 

21/2  times  the  diameter;  abdomen  dark  red,  length  i  mm 

(Cecidomyia)     fraxini    Felt,   C.    179 
bbb  Ventral  plate  rather  short,  broad 

c  Dorsal  plate  rather  long,  broad,  deeply  and  triangularly  emarginate 
d  Basal  clasp  segment  with  a  rounded  lobe  basally ;  abdomen  yellowish 
brown,  length  i  mm.  .(Cecidomyia)    acerina    Felt,  C.  149 
dd  Basal  clasp  segment  without  a  basal  lobe  internally ;  abdomen  light 

yellowish  brown,  length  i  mm fenestra    n.  sp.,  C  641 

cc  Dorsal  plate  rather  long,  narrowly  incised 

d  Abdomen  fuscous,  length  .75  mm obscura    n.  sp.,  C.  399 

bbbb  Ventral  plate  rather  short,  narrow,  narrowly  rounded  apically 
c  Dorsal  plate  short,  broadly  and  triangularly  emarginate 

d  Fifth  antennal  segment  having  the  basal  portion  of  the  stem  with 
a  length  ^  its  diameter  or  less 
e  Abdomen  yellowish  or  dark  carmine,  length  i  mm;  third  palpal 

segment  slender  a  p  i  p  h  i  1  a    Felt,  C.  31775,  524 

ee  Abdomen    reddish    brown,    length    i    mm ;    third    palpal    segment 
broadly  oval.  ..(Cecidomyia)    m  a  c  r  0  f  i  1  a    Felt,  C.  1023 
aa  Ventral  plate  truncate 

b  Dorsal    plate    short,    deeply    and    triangularly    incised ;    abdomen    pale 

yellowish,  length  .5  mm;  bred  from  heads  of  curled  sumac  leaves 

r  h  o  i  n  a    n.  sp.,  C.  ai720b 

bb  Dorsal  plate  very  short,  deeply  and  narrowly  emarginate,  length  i  mm ; 

bred   from   rolled  elder  leaves. .  .s  a  m  b  u  c  i  f  o  1  i  a    n.  sp.,   C.  a  1723 

ODONTODIPLOSIS       n.    g. 

This  genus  is  erected  for  the  separation  of  certain  species  allied 
to  Cecidomyia,  which  may  be  distinguished  therefrom  by  the  triartic- 
ulate  palpi  and  the  conspicuous  serrations  on  the  somewhat  conical 
ventral  plate  or  harpes. 

Type    Cecidomyia     k  a  r  n  (.■  r  c  n  s  i  s    Felt,    C.    27. 

Key   to   species 
a  Fifth  antennal  segment  having  the  basal  (jortinn  of  the  stem  witli  a  length 
about  y2  greater  than  its  diameter 
b  T^cngth  .75  mm;  abdomen  reddish  yellow 

(Cecidomyia)    k  a  r  n  c  r  e  n  s  i  s  Felt,  C.  27 
aa  Fifth  antennal  segment  having  the  basal  porlinn  of  the  stem  with  a  length 
2'/2  or  3  times  that  of  the  diameter 

/;  Abdomen  pale  orange   a  m  c  r  i  c  a  n  a    n.  sp.,  C.  451,  660 

bb  Abdomen  fuscous  yellowish   m  o  n  t  a  n  a    n.  sp.,  C.  718 


Klil'ORT   OF   Tin-:    STATK    K.\T()M()I.(  >GIST    KjOy  4O5 

ADIPLOSIS      11.  g. 

This  genus  is  easily  distinguished  from  Odontodii)losis  Felt,  to 
which  it  is  closely  related,  by  the  stouter  basal  clasp  segment  and 
the  total  absence  of  teeth  on  the  ventral  plates  or  harpes. 

Type  and  sole  species  Cecidomyia  toxicodendri  L\^lt, 
C.  263. 

HYPERDIPLOSIS      n.    g. 

This  genus  is  erected  for  a  form  with  simple  claws  bent  at  right 
angles  and  with  a  very  long,  broad,  and  very  deeply  and  broadly 
emarginate  ventral  plate.  The  dorsal  plate  is  deeply  and  roundly 
emarginate,  the  lobes  being  broadly  emarginate  and  with  the  lateral 
angles  greatly  produced. 

Type  and  sole  species  Cecidomyia   1  o  b  a  t  a   Felt,  C.  132. 

GIABDOMYIA      n.    g. 

This  genus  is  erected  for  certain  species  doubtfully  referred  to 
Octodiplosis  Giard.  These  forms,  however,  present  marked  differ- 
ences from  the  type  of  this  older  genus  and  a  new  genus  has  there- 
fore been   founded. 

The  genus  Giardomyia  comprises  a  number  of  small,  yellowish  or 
reddish  forms  having  the  simple  claws  bent  almost  at  right  angles 
and  usually  somewhat  enlarged  subapically.  The  ventral  plate  is 
long,  slender,  slightly  expanded  apically  and  roundly  emarginate, 
while  the  dorsal  plate  is  short,  triangularly  emarginate  and  with 
the  somewhat  long  lobes  broadly  rounded  or  even  truncate.  The 
type  species  is  G.   p  h  o  t  o  p  h  i  1  a  Felt  [pi.  38,  fig.  2] . 

Key  to  species 

a  Abdomen  yellowish 

b  Abdomen  pale  yellowish 
c  Length  .75  mm,  the  5th  antenna!  segment  having  the  stems  2>^  and 
31/2  times  their  length ;  presumably  bred  from  a  pustulate  gall  on 

Mentha m  c  n  t  h  a  e    n.  sp.,  C.  aiSjSb,  536 

bb  Abdomen  fuscous  yellowish,  length  i  mm  ;  5th  antennal  segment  having 

the  stems  3  and  41/2  times  the  length  of  their  diameters 

n  o  V  e  b  o  r  a  c  e  n  s  i  s    n.  sp.,  C.  ip/x 
aa  Abdomen  reddish 

b  Abdomen  bright  carmine,   length   I   mm;  5th  antennal  segment  havin:^ 

the  stems  3  and  4'^  times  the  length  of  their  diameters 

(Cecidomyia)    photophila    Felt,  C.  323 

bb  Abdomen   bright   red;   terminal   segments  yellowish,   length   i   mm;   5th 

antennal  segments  having  the  stems  with  a  length  3  and  3^  times 

their  diameters,  the  ventral  plate  deeply  and  narrowly  emarginate.. 

e  m  a  r  g  i  n  a  t  a    n.  sp.,  C.  446 


406  -NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSliUM 

bbb  Abdomen    deep    reddish,   length    i    nnn ;    5th    antennal    segment    having 

the  stems  2'/2  and  4  times  the  length  of  their  diameters   

h  u  d  s  o  n  i  c  a   n.  sp.,  C.  200 

bbbb  Abdomen    dark    reddish   brown,    length    i    mm;    5th    antennal    segment 

having  the  stems  2^2  and  3,'/j   times  the  length  of  their  diameters.. 

m  o  n  t  a  n  a    n.  sp.,  C.  325,  585 


METADIPLOSIS       U.    g. 

This  gentis  is  easily  (listingui>lK'(l  irom  the  ordinai-y  type  of 
Cecidomyia  by  the  unique  genitaha,  the  basal  clasp  segment  being 
short,  stout,  broadly  rounded  and  with  conspicuous  triangular,  chiti- 
nous  processes  at  the  internal  angles,  while  the  terminal  clasp  seg- 
ment is  short,  greatly  constricted  near  the  middle,  enormously  swol- 
len and  recurved  apically. 

Type  and  sole  species  ^NI  e  t  a  d  i  p  1  o  s  i  s     s  p  i  n  o  s  a    n.  sp. 

Metadiplosis  spinosa  v.  s]x 

Male.  Length  1  mm.  .Antennae  dark  hmwii,  ihc  basal  segments 
yellowish.  Mesonotum  dark  brown,  the  snl)me(lian  lines  indistinct. 
Scutellum  reddish  yellow,  postscutelhnu  reddish  brown.  Abdomen 
light  reddish  brown,  rather  thickly  clothed  with  pale  setae  and 
slightly  fuscous  distally.  Wings  hyaline,  lialteres  yellowish  basally. 
semitransparent  apically.     Legs  a  nearly  uniform  dark  brown. 

Taken  at  Albany,  N.  Y..  July  14.  U)o(),  on  (juack  grass. 

Type  C.  573,  N.  Y.  State  .Mu-cuni. 

EPIDIPLOSIS       n.    g. 

'J'his  genus  is  erected  for  a  >])ecies  remarkal)lc  becatise  of  tlie 
enormously  produced,  curved,  setose-bearing  s])ine  on  the  basal 
clasp  segment,  this  ])eculiar  organ  being  nearly  as  long  as  the  termi- 
nal clasp  segment  and  strongly  suggesting  the  genitalic  modification 
we  find  in  Lol)odi])losis.  It  is,  however,  readily  sejiarable  from  this 
last  named  genus  by  the  simpK'  claws. 

Txpe  and  sole  species  I'",  p  i  d  i  p  1  o  s  i  s    say  i    n.  s]).,  C\  429. 

Epidiplosis  sayi    n.  sp. 

Male.     JAiigth  (>  mm.     .\nleiur.>e  liglil  l>rown,  yfllowisli  basally; 

face  fuscous  yellowish.     Mesonolmu   fuscous  brown,  the  submedian 

lines   narrow.      Scutclhnn   ri-<ldish   brown,   poslsculelltim    yi-llowish, 

tlu-  basal   and   terminal   abdominal   segments  yellowish   orange,   the 


RKI'ORT   OK   THE    STATK    EXTO.MOI.OGIST    I907  4O7 

third,  fciTtli  and  fifth  being  white,  all  si)arsely  haired.     Wings  hya- 
line.   Legs  a  nearly  uniform  dull  brown. 

'J'aken  at  Nassau,  X.  Y.,  July  i,  1906. 

Type  C  429,  X.  Y.  State  Museum. 

LESTODIPLOSIS    Kicfif. 

This  genus,  as  recognized  by  us,  is  easily  separated  from  all  other 
Diplosids  by  the  very  characteristic  triangular  lobe  at  the  base  of 
the  slender  basal  clasp  segment.  The  dorsal  plate  is  rather  long, 
rather  deeply  and  triangularly  emarginate,  the  lobes  being  nearly 
parallel  and  broadly  rounded,  while  the  ventral  plate  is  long,  rather 
broad  and  narrowly  rounded  -apically.  Species  referable  to  this 
group  are  rather  small,  ranging  from  .75  to  about  2  mm  in  length, 
usually  yellowish  or  reddish,  though  a  few  are  brov*^nisli. 

Species  of  this  genus  are  very  frequently  bred  from  various 
galls  and  in  certain  cases  at  least,  are  probably  zoophagous.  This 
is  undoubtedly  true  of  L.  grassator  Fyles,  and  presumably  so 
of  a  number  of  other  species,  though  it  will  be  observed  by  refer- 
ring to  the  follow^ing  records,  that  a  considerable  number  of  species 
have  been  bred  from  flowers  or  rolled  leaves.  These  may  be  en- 
tirely responsible  for  the  vegetable  deformities  or  partly  so,  living 
as  commensals,  or  it  is  possible  that  they  may  be  the  cause  of 
certain  malformations.  It  is  impossible,  in  the  present  state  of  our 
knowledge,  to  make  definite  statements  respecting  the  habits  of 
these  species.  It  is  worthy  of  notice,  however,  that  those  reared 
from  difYerent  plants,  present  variations  which  lead  us  to  regard 
them  as  distinct  species.  Certain  species  in  the  following  table  are 
given  in  two  divisions  as  having  the  wings  either  hyaline  or  spotted. 
This  is  due  to  the  fact  that  it  is  very  difificult  to  draw  a  sharp  line 
between  spotted  and  unspotted  wings  in  cases  where  there  are 
numerous  gradations.  Furthermore,  females  which  are  not  repre- 
sented in  the  follow^ing  table,  frequently  have  spotted  wings,  while 
their  consorts  have  the  organs  of  flight  hyaline.  This  character, 
though  variable,  is  a  very  convenient  one  upon  which  to  make  pri- 
mary divisions. 

Key   to   species 
a  Wings  hj^aline 

b  Wings  narrow,  the  length  thrice  the  width 
c  Al)(lcmen  brownish 

d  Abdomen  ycllrwish  brown,  the  stems  of  the  5th  antennal  seg- 
ment with  a  length  3^4  times  the  diameter,  the  distal  node  with 
a  length  %  greater  than  its  diameter;  bred  from  fusiform  galls  on 
cherry  twigs  c  e  r  a  s  i   n.  sp.,  C.  aisgja 


408  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

dd  Abdomen  dark  brown,  the  5th  antennal  segment  having  the  stems 
with  a  length  3^  times  the  diameter,  the  distal  node  with  a  length 

equal  to  its  diameter,  circumfili  long    

(C  e  c  i  d  o  m  y  i  a)    j  u  n  i  p  e  r  i  n  a    Felt,  C.  746 
cc  Abdomen  yellowish 

d  Abdomen  pale  yellowish,  the  5th  -antennal  segment  having  the 
stems  with  a  length  thrice  the  diameter,  the  distal  node  with  a 
length  Yi   greater  than  its  diameter,  circumfili  rather  long;  bred 

from   a  cylindric  fimbriate  leaf  gall  on  Crataegus   

crataegifolia    n.  sp.,  C.  ai555 

dd  Abdomen   yellowish,   the   second   to    fourth   segments    fuscous,   the 

5th  antennal  segment  having  the  stems  with  a  length  2j/^  times 

the  diameter,  the  distal  node   with  a  length   ^4  greater  than  its 

diameter,  style  short c  i  n  c  t  a   n.  sp.,  C.  465 

ddd  Abdomen  fuscous  yellowish 

e  Style  short,  the  5th  antennal  segment  having  the  stems  with  a 
length  2^  times  the  diameter,  the  distal  node  with  a  length 
Yz  greater  than  its  diameter,  not  constricted;  bred  from  rolled 

edge  of  poplar  leaf p  o  p  u  1  i  f  0  1  i  a    n.  sp.,  C.  a  1490 

cc  Style  long,  the  5th  antennal  segment  having  the  stems  with  a 
length  3^  times  the  diameter,  the  distal  node  with  a  length 
Yi  greater  than  its  diameter,  constricted;  bred  from  rolled  ash 

leaves   fraxinifolia    n.  sp.,  C.  ai572 

dddd  Abdomen  fuscous  yellowish,  fuscous  basally,  5th  antennal  seg- 
ment having  the  stems  with  a  length  2Y2  times  the  diameter,  the 
distal  node  with  a  length  Y2  greater  than  its  diameter,  the  style 
short ;  dorsal  plate  slightly  cmarginatc,  the  lobes  broadly  emargi- 

nate b  a  s  a  1  i  s   n.  sp.,  C.  512 

ccc  Abdomen  light  carmine,  the  5th  antennal  segment  having  the  stems 
with  a  length  2Y2  times  the  diameter,  the  distal  node  with  a  length 
Y2  greater  tlian   its  diameter;  style  Ions;;  l)rcil   fmni   rolled    Ver- 
bena    urti  folia    leaves,  .v  e  r  b  e  n  i  f  n  1  i  ,1     n.    --p.,    (.'.    a  1577a 
bb  Wings  moderate,  with  a  length  about  2j  j  times  the  widtii 
c  Abdomen  light  brown 

d  Fifth   antennal  segment   having  the   stems   with   a  length   3^-^  times 

the  diameter,  the  distal  node  with  a  length  equal  to  its  diameter.. 

(C  c  c  i  d  o  m  y  i  a)     f  1  a  v  o  m  a  r  g  i  n  a  t  a    Felt,  C.  109 

dd  Fifth  antennal  segment  having  the  stems  with  a  length  thrice  the 

diameter,    the    distal    node    with    a    length    Y\    greater    than    its 

diameter 

c  Wings    medium,    with    a    length    2'/.    times    the    width,    circumfili 

moderate  ;  bred   fn>m    P  h  y  I  I  o  x  e  r  a    v  a  s  t  a  t  r  i  x    galls. . .  . 

g  r  a  s  s  a  t  o  r    Fylcs,  C.  962,  c^^,  974 

cc  Wings  broad,   willi  a   length  <  nly  2Y^  times  the  width;   circumfili 

heavy;   bred    from   puds  of    ^' u  c  c  a    angusti  folia 

y  u  c  c  a  e    n.  sp.,  C.  1017 
cc  Abdomen  yeHbwish 

d  Abdomen  pale  yellowish 

c  Basal  stem  of  the  5th  ;intenn;d  segment  with  a  length  3K'  times 
its  diameter 


REPORT   or   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  4O9 

/  Distal    stem    of    5th    antcnnal    segment    with    a    length    thrice 
its    diameter,    the   circumfili    stout,    rather    long;    bred    from 

Solidago  leaf  with  elongate,  brown  spots  

s  o  1  i  d  a  g  i  n  i  s    n.  sp.,  C.  31655 
//  Distal  stem  of  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  3^  times  its 

diameter,  circumfili   rather   long    

(Cecidomyia)    hicoriae    Felt,  C.  261 

ce  Basal  stem  of  the  sth  antennal  segment  with  a  length  2^  times 

its  diameter 

/  Distal  stem  of  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  3I/2  times 

its  diameter,  the  circumfili  short ;  bred  from  distorted  flower 

buds  of  figwort,    Scrophularia    marylandica 

(Cecidomyia)    scrophulariac    Felt,  C.  31569 
dd  Abdomen   fuscous  yellowish,  5th  antennal   segment   with  the  stems 
31^  times  their  diameters 
e  Abdomen  fuscous  yellowish 
/  Style  long 
g  Distal  node  of  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  ^  greater 

than  its  diameter ;  bred  from  flowers  of  dogbane  

apocyniflorae   n.  sp.,  C.  31684 

gg  Distal  node  of  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  J/^  greater 

than  its  diameter;  bred  from  subglobular  leaf  gall  on  poplar 

g  1  o  b  o  s  a    n.  sp.,  C.  31656 

//  Style  short,  the  lobes  of  the  basal  clasp  segment  slightly  rounded, 

the   distsl   node   of   the  5th   3ntennal  segment  with  a  length 

Yz  greater  than  its  diameter   

(Cecidomyia)    t  s  u  g  a  e    Felt,  C.  i68b 
ddd  Abdomen  reddish 

e  Abdomen  reddish  fuscous,  the  5th  3ntennal  segment  with  the 
stems  3]^  and  thrice  their  diameters,  the  distal  node  with  a 
lenth  J4  greater  than  its  diameter;  bred  from  rolled  milkweed 

(Asclepias)   leaves asclepiae    n.  sp.,  C.  31588 

ce  Abdomen  reddish  brown,  the  5th  antennal  segment  with  the  stems 
ZVi   times   their   diameters,  the    distal    node    with   a    length    ^ 

greater    than    its    diameter 

(Cecidomyia)     rugosa    Felt,  C.  6500 

ece  Abdomen  reddish,  sth  antennal  segment  with  the  stems  3  and  3I/2 

times  their  diameters,  the  distal  node  with  a  length  ^  greater 

than  its  diameter ;  bred  from  Clematis  flowers   

c  1  e  m  a  t  i  f  1  o  r  a  e    n.  sp.,  C.  ai694b 
aa  Wings  spotted 

h  Legs  broadly  white-banded,  the  5th  antennal  segment  having  the  stems 
with   a   length  2]/^    times   their   diameter,   the  ventral   plate  coarsely 

setose  apically;  bred  from  thorn  leaf florida    n.  sp.,  C.  986 

hh  Legs  not  broadly  white-banded 
c  Abdomen  yellowish 

d  Basal  segment  dark  brown  or  black   

(Cecidomyia)    carolinae    Felt,  C.  31636 
dd  Abdomen    orange    tinted,    the    5th    antennal    segment    having    the 
stems   with  a  length  3J/2   times   their  diameters,   the  distal  node 
with  a  length  14  greater  than  its  diameter 


4IO  M:\V    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

c  Wings   medium,   witli   a   length   2j,j    times   the   width;   bred    from 

E  u  p  a  t  o  r  i  u  ni    a  g  e  r  a  t  o  i  d  c  s   

(C  c  c  i  d  o  ni  y  i  a)    e  u  p  a  t  o  r  i  i ,    C.  ai28o 
cc  Wings  broad,  with  a  length  2><  times  the  w^idth;  bred  from  plane 

(Platanus  leaf) p  1  a  t  a  n  i  f  o  1  i  a    n.  sp.,  C.  316693 

ddd  Abdomen    reddish    apically,    the    5tli    antennal    segment    having    the 
stems   with  a   length  3J^   times  their   diameters,  the  distal   node 

w^ith  a  length  >4  greater  than  its  diameter  

(Cecidomyia)    asteris    Felt,  C.  615 
dddd  Abdomen   red    tinted,   the    5th    antennal    segment    having   the    stems 
with  a  length   3?/!   times   their   diameters 
c  Wings  moderate,   wiili  a  length  2^2  times  the  width;  bred  from 

Rumex   r  u  m  i  c  i  s    n.  sp.,  C.  ai595a 

ec  Wings  rather  narrow,  with  a  length  2>>4  times  the  width;   bred 

from  thickened  leaf   fold  on    Spiraea    tomentosa 

s  p  i  r  a  e  a  f  o  1  i  a    n.  sp.,  C.  760  (31174) 

ddddd  Al)d.:men    lirown    tinted,     the    5th    antennal    segment    having    the 

stems   with  a  length   thrice  the  diameters,   the  distal  node  with  a 

length  greater  than  its  diameter ;  bred  from  Solidago 

(Cecidomyia)    triangularis    Felt,  C.  yG^,  (31170) 
cc  Abdomen  dark  red,  the  tarsi  faintly  banded 

d  Fifth   antennal   segment   having  the  stems  witli  a   length  2V;   times 

the  diameters ;  bred  fr^  ni  rolled  milkweed  leaf 

asclepiae    n.  sp.,  C.  315883 
dd  b'ifth    antennal    segment    having   the   stems    3   and   y/i    times    their 

length  ;  brt-d   from  galls  of    P  h  y  1  1  o  x  e  r  3    v  a  s  t  a  t  r  i  x 

g  r  a  s  ?  3  t  o  r    Fyh>s,  C.  31654 


PARADIPL06IS      11.     <:,^ 

This  genus  is  separated  from  Cecidomyia  princii)ally  l)ecanse  of 
the  pectiliar  structures  presented  by  the  male  genitalia.  The  basal 
clasp  segment  is  short,  stout  and  l)road,  while  the  terminal  clasp 
segment  is  short,  stout  and  apically  with  a  broad,  chitinized  serrate 
margin.  The  dorsal  and  ventral  plates  are  short,  broad,  each  rather 
dec])]y  and  narrowly  cmarginate ;  style  short,  st:)ut.  The  third  vein 
unites  with  the  margin  at  the  apex  of  the  wing.  The  palpi  arc 
qtiadriarticulatc  and  the  claws  si!ni)le. 

Type  and  sole  s])ecies  Cecidomyia    obesa    I'elt. 

OBOLODIPLOSIS      II.    g. 

This  genus  has  been  erected  to  include  a  remarkable  form  which 
diverges  widely  from  the  ordinary  type  of  Cecidomyia  in  the  male 
genitalia,  'i'he  terminal  clasp  segments  are  greatly  produced,  being 
nearly  y^  longer  than  the  basal  clasp  segment.  The  dorsal  plate  is 
greatly  expanded,  nearly  divided,  the  lobes  Ijeing  orbicidar,  while  the 


REPORT   OF  THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  4II 

ventral  plate  appears  to  be  widely  separated,  the  two  lobes  being 
short,  stout  and  roundly  triangular  [pi.  42,  fig.  2].  The  male  is  3 
mm  long,  the  flagellate  antennal  segments  are  strongly  trinodose, 
while  the  claws  are  simple  and  the  third  vein  unites  with  the  margin 
well  beyond  the  apex. 

Type  and  sole  species  C  e  c  i  d  o  m  y  i  a    o  r  b  i  c  u  1  a  t  a    Felt. 

CLINODIPLOSIS  Kieff. 
Members  of  this  genus  are  small,  yellowish  species  which  may  be 
recognized  by  the  simple  claws,  the  quadriarticulate  palpi,  the  lack 
of  a  conspicuous  lobe  or  spine  on  the  basal  clasp  segment  and  by 
the  long,  linear,  narrowly  rounded,  ventral  plate  [pi.  42,  fig.  i]. 
The  species  probably  breed  mostly  in  leaf  galls,  though  C  .  cattle- 
y  a  e  was  reared   from  the  roots  of  Cattle  y  a  gigas. 

Key  to  species 

a  Ventral    plate    long,    slender,    tapering    slightly    and    narrowly    rounded 
apically 
b  Antennal  segments  with  only  two  distinct  enlargements,  not  trinodose 

c  Abdomen  dark  brown,  length  .75  mm 

(Cecidomyia)     rubrascuta    Felt,  C.  9,3 
cc  Abdomen  yellowish  lirown,  length  i  mm  ;  bred  from  leaves  of  scrub 

oak  f  1  o  r  i  d  a    n.  sp.,  C.  978 

hh  Antennal  segments  more  or  less  distinctly  trinodose 

c  Fifth  antennal   segment   having  the  basal  portion  of  the   stem  with 
a  length  twice  its  diameter 

d  Abdomen  pale  orange,  length  1.5  mm 

(Cecidomyia)    a  c  e  r  n  e  a    Felt,  C.  267 

cc  Fifth  antennal  segment  having  the  basal  portion  of  the  stem  with  a 

length  Yz  greater  than  its  diameter 

d  Abdomen  yellowish,  the  segments  banded  posteriorly  and  partially 

near  the  middle  with  brown 

e  Length   2.5  mm,   5th   antennal  segment   stems  with  a  length   V/t 

and    3    times    the   diameters,    distal    node    strongly    constricted ; 

bred  from  globose  gall  on  hickory  

(Cecidomyia)     caryae    Felt,   C.  331,    11 17 

ec  Length   1.5  mm,  5th  antennal  segment  stems  with  a  length  lYz 

and  2^/  times  the  diameters,  distal  node  net  strongly  constricted 

(Cecidomyia)    c  o  r  y  1  i    Felt,  C.  216 

aa  Ventral  plate  long,  slender,  tapering  distally 

h  Dorsal  plate  rather  long,  triangularly  emaiiginate,  the  lobes  long  and 
narrowly  triangular 
c  .Abdomen  pale  ycllcwish  or  carmine,  lent'th  i  mm;  5th  antennal  seg- 
ment h.-iving  the  stems  witli  a  Icnglli  2'/2  and  4  times  tli:"  diameters, 

respectively triangularis    n.  sp.,  C.  428,  499 

aaa  Ventral  plate  long,  rather  stout,  broadly  rounded  apically 
b  Dorsal  plate  short,  the  lobes  truncate 


412  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

c  Abdomen  dark  red,  the  segments  margined  with  fuscous,  length 
I  mm;  5th  antennal  segment  having  the  stems  with  a  length  2j4 
and  4  times  that  of  the    diameters,  respectively,  trinodose 

(Cecidomyia)    subtruncata    Felt,  C.  506 

cc  Abdomen  fuscous  brown,  length  i  mm;  5th  antennal  segment  having 

the  stems   with   a   length   Ij/   and   3  times   that   of  the    diameters, 

respectively m  o  n  t  a  n  a    n.  sp.,  C.  631 

aaaa  Ventral  plate  long,  emarginatc 

h  Ventral  plate  tapering  distally,  roundly  emarginate 
c  Dorsal  plate  short,   roundly  emarginate,  the  5th  antennal  segment 
having  the  stems  with  a  length   i^  and  2J/2  times  that  of  the 

diameters ;  bred  from  roots  of    Cattleya    gigas   

cattleyae    n.  sp.,  C.  979 

cc  Dorsal    plate    short,    narrowly    and    triangularly    emarginate,    the 

lobes  produced  laterally;   abdomen  yellowish,  length   i   mm;  sth 

antennal   segment  having  the  stems   with  a   length  2^   and  3J/$ 

times  tliat  of  the  diameters rubisolita    n.  sp.,  C.  656 

bh  Ventral  plate  long,  slender,  broadly  emarginate 

c  Dorsal  plate  triangularly  emarginate,  the  lobes  truncate 

d  Abdomen  reddish  brown,  length  .75  mm;   5th  antennal  segment 
having   the   stems   with    a    length   3    and   4   times   that   of   the 

diameters c  x  t  e  n  s  a    n.  sp.,  C.  228 

bbb  Ventral  plate  long,  broad,  scarcely  tapering,  very  broadly  emarginate 
c  Dorsal  plate  short,  triangularly  emarginate,  the  lobes  truncate 
d  Abdomen  a  fuscous  reddish  brown,  length  1.5  mm;  5th  antennal 
segment  having  the  stems  equal,  each  with  a  length  3J/^  times 

its  diameter  pratensis    n.  sp.,  C  741 

dd  Abdomen  reddish  brown,  length  1.25  mm;  5th  antennal  segment 
having  the  stems  with  a  length  1J/2  and  2J/2  times  that  of  the 
diameters (Cecidomyia)    carpini    Felt,  C.  347 


CECIDOMYIA    Mcig. 

This,  the  oldest  gentis  of  the  group,  originally  incliulcd  all  forms 
referable  to  this  family.  It  is  at  present  restricted  to  a  large  number 
of  Diplosids  having  simple  claws,  the  third  vein  uniting  with  costa 
beyond  the  apex  and  not  presenting  characters  given  for  the  pre- 
ceding genera.  The  members  of  this  group  appear  to  live  largely  in 
leafy  tissues,  though  one  form,  Cecidomyia  r  e  s  i  n  i  c  o  1  a 
O.  S.,  occurs  in  exuded  ])ikli  masses.  This  genus  includes  the  wheat 
miflgc,  C  e  c  i  d  o  m  y  i  a  1  r  i  1  i  0  i  Kirby,  a  s])ecies  of  prime  eco- 
nomic im])(>rtaiice. 

Key   to   species 
o  Ventral   plate   long 

b  Ventral    plate    broadly    and    mundly    tnia ruinate,    the    Inlies    diverging 
strongly 
c  l-'ifth   antennal   segment    h.iving   the  basal   (xirlinn  of  liic  stem   with  a 
length   less  than   its  diameter,  the  circumfili  indistinct  or  wanting 


REPORT   OF  THE    STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  413 

d  Abdomen  fuscous  yellowish,  length  .75  mm,  Sth  antennal  segment 

with  the  stems  ^  and  2^  the  length  of  their  diameters  

i  n  f  i  r  m  a    n.  sp.,  C.  299 
dd  Abdomen  yellowish  brown,  length  .75  mm,   5th  antennal  segment 

with  the  stems  ^  and  V-i  the  length  of  their  diameters 

p  a  u  c  i  f  i  li   n.  sp.,  C  297 

cc  Fifth  antennal  segment  having  the  basal  portion  of  the  stem  with  a 

length  greater  than  its  diameter,  the  circumfili  distinct 

d  Abdomen    pale    yellowish,    5th    antennal    segment    with    the    stems 

nearly  equal,  each  3^  times  the  diameter 

c  Length   1.5  mm;   dorsal  plate  triangularly  emarginate,  the  lobes 

broadly  truncate americana    n.  sp.,  C.  420,  ?694 

ee  Length  i  mm;  dorsal  plate  lobes  diverging,  rounded 

recurvata    Felt,  C.  361 
ece  Length  .75  mm ;  dorsal  plate  roundly  emarginate,  the  lobes  hardly 

diverging,  obliquely  truncate fragariae    Felt,  C.  328 

bb  Abdomen  yellowish  red,  length  .75  mm;  dorsal  plate  short,  triangularly 
emarginate,  the  lobes  obliquely  truncate;  5th  antennal  segment  having 

the  stems   2jX   and  3   times  their    diameters 

emarginata    Felt,  C.  421,  34 
dd  Abdomen  dark  brown,  length  i  mm ;  Sth  antennal  segment  having 
the  stems  2j^  and  3  times  their  diameters,  r  u  r  i  c  o  1  a    n.  sp.,  C.  293 
bb  Ventral  plate  deeply  and  roundly  emarginate,  the  lobes  not  diverging 
strongly 
c  Fifth  antennal  segment  having  the  stems  equal  or  nearly  so 
d  Lobes  of  the  ventral  plate  diverging  apically 

e  Abdomen  dark  brown,  length  i  mm ;  5th  antennal  segment  having 

the  stems  each  with  a  length  3^  times  its  diameter 

a  p  i  c  a  1  i  s    n.  sp.,  C.  409,  367 
dd  Lobes  of  the  ventral  plate  nearly  parallel,  not  diverging  apically 
c  Lobes  of  the  dorsal  plate  not  strongly  diverging 
/  Abdomen    pale   yellowish    orange    or    yellowish    brown,    length 
I   mm ;   Sth  antennal  segment  having  the  stems  each  with  a 

length   3^4    times    its  diameter 

agraria    n.  sp.,  C.  247,  621,  626,  632 

ff  Abdomen   dark  yellowish  brown,   length   .75   mm ;   5th   antennal 

segment    having    the    stems    with    a    length    3    and   3J/2    times 

their  diameters   terrestris    n.  sp.,  C.  371 

///  Abdomen  dull  red,  length  i  mm ;  sth  antennal  segment  having 
the   stems   each   with   a   length  ^^2   times   the   diameter;   the 

4th  palpal  segment  as  long  as  the  3d   

s  a  n  g  u  i  n  i  a    n.  sp.,  C.  385 
ee  Lobes  of  the  dorsal  plate  strongly  divergent 

/  Abdomen  pale  yellowish,  length  1.2s  mm,  the  4th  palpal  seg- 
ment }i  longer  than  the  third,  the  5th  antennal  segment  hav- 
ing the  two  parts  of  the  stem  with  a  length  3  and  3^  times 
their  diameters ;  dorsal  plate  lobes  very  large,  divergent,  the 

distal  third  setose  and  as  long  as  the  ventral  plate  

explicata    n.  sp.,  C.  515 


414  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

//  Abdomen  bright  orange,  length  i  mm ;  dorsal  plate  lobes 
divergent,  distinctly  constricted  subapically  and  bearing  a  few- 
stout    setae   apically ;    ventral   plate   twice   the   length   of   the 

dorsal  plate ;  bred  from  wheat  heads tritici    Kirby 

cc  Stems  of  the  5th  antennal  segment  plainly  unequal 

d  Stems  each  with  a  length  3  and  4^/  times  its  diameter 

e  Abdomen  reddish  yellow,  lengtli   1.5  mm;  bred  from  flowers  of 

Apocynum    a  p  o  c  y  n  i    n.   sp.,  C.  ai684a 

ce  Abdomen  grcenisli  bronze,  length   1.5  mm;  bred  from  flowers  of 

Spiraea s  p  i  r  a  c  a  f  1  o  r  a  e    Felt,  ai68il3 

dd  Stems  each  with  a  length  lYz  and  2^  times  its  diameter 

c  Abdomen  dark  or   reddish  brown,   length   2  mm    

h  u  d  s  o  n  i    Felt,  C.  i 

ec  Abdomen  reddish  yellow,  Icngtli   1.5  mm    

s  c  t  a  r  i  a  c    Felt,  a  1721 
bbh  Ventral  plate  truncate  or  nearly  so 

c  Abdomen  pale  j'ellowlsh   orange,   Icngtli    1.6   mm;   5th   antennal   seg- 
ment having  the  stems  equal,   each  with  a  length   Yi  greater  than 

its  diameter n  i  x  o  n  i    n.  sp.,  C.  510 

cc  Abdomen  dark  fuscous  yellowish,  length  1.25  mm;  5th  antennal  seg- 
ment    having    the    stems     with     length     2V2     and     3    times    their 

diameters    t  o  1  h  u  r  s  t  a  e   n.  sp.,  C.  72 1 

bbbb  Ventral  plate  broadly  rounded,  dorsal  plate  long,  the  lobes  rounded 
c  Abdomen  pale  orange,  with  a  fuscous  spot  basally,  length  .5  mm;  5th 
antennal  segment  having  the  stems  with  a  length  2^  and  3  times 

their  diameters q  u  e  r  c  i  n  a    Felt,  C.  2>-.- 

aa  Ventral  plate  short 

b  Ventral  plate  broad,  deeply  and  roundly  emarginale 
c  Abdomen  pale  yellowish,  length  1.25  nun;  dorsal  plate  short;  triangu- 
larly emarginate,  the  lobes  produced  laterally,  the  5th  antennal  seg- 
ment   having   the   stems    equal,   each    with    a    length    3^^    times    its 

diameter;  bred  from  rolled  leaves  of  Verbena  urtifolia   

u  r  t  i  f  o  ]  i  a    n.   sp..   C.  ai577 
cc  Abflomen  pale  ycl](^\vi'^h,   kiigtii    1.5  mm,  dnr.s.il   jilatc   short,  triangu- 
larly emarginate,  the  lobes  angularly  rounded,  the  5th  antennal  seg- 
ment having  the  stems  each  3^.     times   its   diameter.      Rred   from 

dwarfed  catalpa  shoots c  a  t  a  1  p  a  c    Comst.,  ai8o4 

ccc  Abdomen  pale  yellowish,  length   2  mm  ;   dorsal   plate   short,  angularly 
and    slightly   emarginate;    5th    antenn.il    segment    having   the    stems 

with  a  length  1/2  and  2^-  tinus  tluir  di.imeters 

t  e  c  o  m  i  a  e    I'elt,  C.  a  1260 
cccc  Abdomen  light  yellowish  brnwn.  length  2  nun;   5th  antciuial   segment 

having  the  stems  with  a  length  iK-  times  their  diameters 

resi  iiicla    O.   S.,  C.  aiS5 
hh  Ventral   i)late  broadly   ;in<l    mundly   em;irgin.ite 
c  Ventral  plate  tai)ering  (list.dly 

d  Fifth  antennal  segment   having  the  b.i^.il   iHnii^ni   of  ihe  stem  with 
a   length   less   tli.in   its   dianuler 
(•  .\bdonien    re<ldis4i    brown,    lenglli     1    mm;    5tli    .inlcnn.il    segment 
having  the  stems  \\\<\\  .1  |fnv;tli   'j  ,ind    I'j  th.it   of  tlie  di;inieler 

a  n  I  e  n  n  a  t  a    n.   sp.,   C.  Cq 


REPORT   OF   THE    STATE    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  415 

tv  Alnkiiiien    dark    brown,    Icngtii    .75    mm;    5II1    antcnnal    segment 
having  the  stems  with  a  lengtli  I4  and  ijj  that  of  the  diameter 

f  1  a  \  o  s  c  u  t  a    Felt,  C.  76 
eee  Abdomen  chirk  recUhsIi,  lengtli   i  mm;  5lh  antennal  segment  hav- 
ing the  stems  witli  a  length  ^4  and  twice  that  of  the  diameter 
fojiora  Rssl.  &  Ilkr.,  C.  1339 
dd  Fifth  antennal  segment  having  the  basal  portion  of  the  stem  with 
a  length  greater  than  its  diameter 
e  Abdomen   reddish   brown,    length    1.6  mm;   5th   antennal   segment 
having  the  stems   with  a  length   i^^   and  2'/i  times  that  of  the 

diameters c  1  a  y  t  o  n  i  a  e    Felt,  C.  46 

cc  Ventral  plate  hardly  tapering   distally,   very   short    and  broad 

J  Abdomen  pale  yellcwisli,  length  .75  mm;  5th  antennal  segment 
having  the  stems  with  a  length  2  and  2^  times  that  of  the 
diameters e  x  c  a  v  a  t  i  o  n  i  s    Felt,   C.  65 

EPIDOSARIAE 
This  group  contains  a  number  of  very  characteristic  forins 
whicli  nevertheless  present  many  structural  diversities.  The 
members  of  the  group  may  be  best  recognized  by  the  well  de- 
fined cross  vein  uniting  subcosta  with  the  base  of  the  third 
vein.  This  cross  vein  frequently  has  a  course  nearly  parallel 
with  costa,  though  in  certain  forms  it  diverges  from  the  third 
vein  at  an  oblique  angle,  and  in  some  species  almost  at  a 
right  angle.  The  third  vein  unites  with  the  margin  of  the  wing 
beyond  the  apex.  Several  genera  are  undoubtedly  represented 
in  our  American  fauna  which  have  not  been  differentiated  from 
the  older  established  ones.  So  little  is  known  of  the  life  history 
of  these  species  and  there  is  such  great  diversity  between  the 
two  sexes,  that  the  present  studies  must  be  regarded  as  pre- 
liminary. 

Key  to  genera 
a  Three  long  veins 

b  Cross  vein  not  parallel  with  costa 

c  5th  vein  forked,  the  wings  very  long  and  narrow,  the  legs  long... 

Colpodia  Winn. 

cc  5th  vein  simple,  wings  broader  and  legs  shorter 

(type  J.    rubra)    Johnsonomyia  n.   g. 
bb  Cross  vein  running  parallel  or  nearly  so  to  costa 
c  5th  vein  forked 

d  Antennae  greatly  prolonged  in  both  sexes 

Porricondyla  Rond. 
dd  Antennae  not  greatly  prolonged  in  both  sexes.  .Dirhiza  Winn. 

cc  5th  vein  simple. . . .  ^ Holoneurus   Kieff. 

aa  4  long  veins,  the  5th  simple 

b  Cross  vein  running  parallel  or  nearly  so  to  costa.  .Asynapta  H.  Lw. 

bb  Cross  vein  running  at  a  considerable  angle  with  costa 

Winnertzia  Rond. 


4l6  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

coLPODiA    Winn. 
This   genus    is   remarkable    for   the    extremely    long,    slender 
wings,  the  fifth  vein  being  forked  and  the  cross  vein  almost  at 
right  angles  to  costa  [pi.  39,  fig.  i].     The  legs  are  very  long  and 
slender.     The  genitalia  are  peculiar,  sec  plate  43. 

Key  to  species 
a  12  antennal   segments;  females 

b  Abdomen  reddish  brown,  length   i   mm ;  wings  very  slender,  with  a 

length  about  5  times  the  width 

(Porricondyla)  graminis    Felt,  C.  570 
bb  Abdomen  reddish  yellow,  length  2  mm ;  wings  rather  broad,  with  a 
length  about  4  times  the  width. .  .te  m  e  r  i  t  a  t  i  s    n.  sp.,  C.  ai546b 
aa  13  antennal  segments;  females 

b  Sth  antennal  segment  with  a  stem  %  the  length  of  the  basal  enlarge- 
ment 
c  Abdomen  carmine,   length   1.5  mm,  the  basal  enlargement  of  the 
5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length   6  times  its  diameter,  the 

4th  palpal  segment  with  a  length  4  times  its  diameter 

s  a  n  g  u  i  n  i  a    n.  sp.,  C.   1227 
cc  Abdomen  yellowish  brown,  length   1.6  mm,  the  5th  antennal  seg- 
ment   with    a    length    5    times    its  diameter,  the  4th  palpal  seg- 
ment with  a  length  5  times  its  diameter 

terrena   n.  sp.,  C.  525 

ccc  Abdomen  yellowish  orange,  lengtli   3  mm,  the  basal  enlargement 

of  the  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  5  times  its  diameter, 

the  4th  palpal  segment  with  a  length  7  times  its  diameter 

a  1 1  a    n.  sp.,  C.  481 

cccc  Abdomen  yellowish   brown,  length    i   mm,   the  basal  enlargement 

of    the     5th    antennal     segment    with    a    length    4    times    its 

diameter,    the   4th    palpal    segment   with    a   length    5    times    its 

diameter ;  bred  from  Poa   pratensis 

p  r  a  t  e  n  s  i  s    n.  sp.,  C.  256 
aaa  16  antennal  segments 

b  5th  antennal    segment  with   a   stem    y^    the   length   of   the  basal   en- 
largement 
c  Abdomen  pale  orange,  length  2  mm,  the  basal  enlargement  of  the 

5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  3  times  its  diameter 

m  a  c  u  1  a  t  a    n.  sp.,  C.  560 
bb  sth    antcimal    segments    with    a    stem    %    longer    than   the   basal    en- 
largement 
f  Abdomen   pale  ycUowisIi,   Imgtli    1.5  mm,  the  basal   enlargement 
of  the  sih  antennal  segment  with  a  length  2j^  times  its  diameter 
1  o  n  g  i  m  a  n  a  ,    n.  sp.,  C.  830 
bbb  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  stem  ij^  times  the  length  of  the  basal 
enlargement 
c  Abdomen   pale   salnum,   length    2   nun,   the   basal    enlargement   of 

the  5lh  nnteiuinl  segment  with  a  length  twice  its  diameter 

( r  o  r  r  i  c  o  n  d  y  1  a)    p  i  n  c  a    Felt,  C.  a  1622 


REPORT   OF  THE    STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  417 

bbbb  5th    antennal    segment   with    a    stem   twice    the    length    of   the   basal 
enlargement 
c  Abdomen  dark  brown,  length    .75  mm,  the  basal  enlargement  of 

the  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  twice  its  diameter 

(Porricondyla)    trifolii    Felt,  C.  455 

bbbbb  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  stem  2^  times  the  length  of  the  basal 

enlargement 

c  Abdomen   pale    yellowish,    length    i    mm,    the    basal    enlargement 

of  the  5th  antennal  segment  with, a  length  3  times  its  diameter... 

(Porricondyla)    diervillae    Felt,  C.  485 

cc  Abdomen  fuscous  yellowish,  length  1.3  mm,  the  basal  enlargement 

of  the  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  twice  its  diameter 

(Porricondyla)   carolinae    Felt,  C.  31624 
ccc  Abdomen  pale  yellowish,  length  1.75  mm,  the  basal  enlargement 

of  the  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  twice  its  diameter 

pectinata    Felt,  C.  31599 

JOHNSONOMYIA     n.    g. 

This  genus  is  erected  for  several  small  forms  apparently 
closely  allied  to  Colpodia  Winn.,  in  that  the  wings  are  long, 
narrow,  and  the  cross  vein  not  parallel  with  costa.  Members 
of  this  genus  may  be  recognized  by  the  simple  unbranched 
fifth  vein  and  also  by  the  somewhat  broader  wings  and  shorter 
legs  than  obtain  in  Colpodia.  It  is  distinguished  at  once  from 
Bryocrypta  Kieff.  by  the  simple  fifth  vein  [pi.  39,  fig.  4]. 
Type   J  .    rubra. 

Key  to  species 
a  12  antennal   segments,  the  sth  with   a  stem   Ys   the  length   of  the  basal 
enlargement 
b  Abdomen  pale  orange,  length  i  mm;  female,  .h  u  m  i  1  i  s    n.  sp.,  C.  658 
aa  16  antennal  segments,  the  5th  with  a  stem  at  least  as  long  as  the  basal 
enlargement ;  males 
b  Abdomen  dark  brown  and  yellowish,  length  4  mm,  the  5th  antennal 

segment  with  a  stem  as  long  as  the  basal  enlargement 

f  u  s  c  a   n.  sp.,  C.  1237 

bb  Abdomen  reddish  brown,  length  4  mm,  the  5th  antennal  segment  with 

a  stem  J^  longer  than  the  basal  enlargement,  .ru  b  r  a  n.  sp.,  C.  826 

PORRICONDYLA      Rond. 

This  genus  may  be  recognized  by  the  cross  vein  being  parallel 
or  nearly  so  with  costa,  and  the  fifth  vein  forked,  in  connection 
with  the  greatly  produced  antennal  segments  of  both  sexes.  See 
plate  39,  figures  2,  5  and  8  for  wing  characters.  The  genitalia 
are  variable  and  in  some  species  very  striking  [see  pi.  44]. 

14 


4l8  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Key  to  species 

a  12  antcnnal   segments,   the   5th  with   a    stem   %   the  length  of  the  basal 
enlargement;  female 
b  Abdomen  dark  brown,   length   1.5   mm,   the  4th  palpal   segment    i}^ 
longer  than  the  3d,  the  terminal  lobe  of  the  ovipositor  oval  and 

with  a  length  twice  its  width quercina    Felt,  C.  62 

aa  13   antennal  segments,  the   5th   with   a   stem   %    the  lengtli   of   the  basal 

enlargement;  females 

b  Abdomen  fuscous  j-ellowish,  length  2  mm,  the  basal  enlargement  of 

the  5th  antcnnal   segment  with  a  length  slA   times   its   diameter; 

terminal    lobes    of    the    ovipositor    narrowly    oval,    with    a    length 

3J-2  times  the  width t  u  c  k  e  r  i    n.  sp.,  C.  1255 

bb  Abdomen  reddish  yellow,  length  2.5  mm,  the  basal  enlargement  of 
the  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  4  times  its  diameter,  the 
terminal   lobe    of   the    ovipositor    tapering,   with   a    length    fully  4 

times   its  width c  a  u  d  a  t  a    n.   sp.,  C.  531 

aaa  14  antennal  segments 

b  5th  antcnnal  segment  witli  a  stem  ,'4   or   y^   the  length  of  the  basal 
enlargement;  females 
c  Abdomen  brown,  the  dorsal  sclerites  heavily  chitinized  anteriorly 

and  posteriorly,  length  1.5  mm k  a  r  n  e  r  e  n  s  i  s    Felt,  C.  30 

cc  Abdomen     dark     reddish     brown,     the     dorsal     sclerites     evenly 

chitinized,  length  i . 5  mm Carolina,  C.  31625 

bb  5th   antcnnal    segment   with   a   stem   ^4    the   length   of   the  basal   en- 
largement 
c  Abdomen  fuscous  yellowish,  length  2  mm,  the  basal  enlargement 
of  the  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  sV^  times  its  diameter, 
4lh  palpal  segment  Ys  longer  than  the  3d.  .b  o  r  e  a  1  i  s   Felt,  C.  155 
aaaa  16  antennal  segments ;  males 

b  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  stem  as  long  as  the  basal  enlargement 
c  Abdomen  fuscous  yellowish,  length  2  mm.  the  basal  enlargement 

of  the  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  twice  its  diameter 

canadensis    n.  sp.,  C.  1334 

bb  5th  antcnnal  segment  with  a  stem  lA  longer  than  the  basal  enlargement 

c  Abdomen    dark    brown,    length    1.5    mm,    the    basal    enlargement 

of  the  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  twice  its  diameter; 

terminal  clasp  segment  greatly  enlarged  apically 

p  i  n  i    Felt,  C.  221 

re-  Abdomen    orange   yellow,    Kngtli    1.3,    the   basal    enlargement   of 

the    5th    antcnnal    segment    with    a    length     i-}4    its    diameter; 

terminal  clasp  segment  greatly  swollen  basally 

d  i  1  a  t  a  t  a   n.  sp.,  C.  ail49 
bbb  5th    antennal    segment    with    a    stem    twice    the    Kiigth    of   the   basal 
enlargement 
c  Abdomen  light  yellowish  brown,  length  2  mm,  the  basal  enlarge- 
ment of  the  5th  antennal   segment  with  a  length  2'/^   times  its 

diameter b  a  r  b  e  r  i    n.  sp.,  C.  94^ 

bbbb  5th  antcnnal  segment  with  a  stem  2]/>  times  the  length  of  the  basal 
enlargement 


REPORT   OF    TIII^,    STAI'I-:    ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  419 

c  Abdomen  fuscous  yellowish,  Icngtii  3  mm,   liic  basal  enlargement 
of  the  5th  antennal   segment   wiih   a  longtii   twice  its   diameter; 

terminal  clasp  segment  enlarged  apicaily 

hamata    Felt,  C.  ai626 

cc  Abdomen    light   yellowish,    length    i    nun,   the    basal    enlargement 

of  the  5tli  antennal   segment  witli  a    length  twice   its  diameter, 

the  terminal  clasp  segment  not  greatly  enlarged  apicaily 

f  1  a  V  a    F(Jt,  C.    151 

aaaaa  20  antennal   segments,   the   5th  with  a   stem   2]/   times   as  long  as  the 

basal  enlargement ;  males 

/'  Abdomen   fuscous   yellowish,   length  2.5   mm,   the   basal  enlargement 

of  the  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  length  ^4  greater  than  its 

diameter m  u  1  t  i  n  o  d  a     n.    sp.,    C.    789 

DiRHizA    Winn. 
This   genus   niay   be   separated   from    Porricondyla    Rond.   by 


Fig.   47       Dirhiza    hamata   Felt,  6th   antennal  "seR.ncnt   of    female,   much   enlarged. 
(Original) 

the  antennae  not  being  greatly  prolonged  in  both  sexes.     The  wing 
is  illustrated  on  plate  39,  figure  7. 

Key  to  species 

a  12  antennal  segments 

b  5th   antennal   segment   with   a   stem    Ys    the   length   of   the   basal   en- 
largement 

c  Abdomen  yellowish,  length  i  mm ;  female 

(Porricoadyla)   sylvestris    Felt,  C.  175 
on   13  antennal  segments 

b  5th   antennal    segment    with    a    stem    %    the   length   of  the  basal   en- 
largement 

c  Abdomen  dark  brown,  length  2.5   mm  ;   female 

hamata   Felt,  C.  142 
naci  16  antennal  segments 

b  5th   antennal   segment   with   a   stem    ]4    the   length    of   the  basal   en- 
largement 


4-0  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

c  AbdoiiKii    jcllowish,    length   3   mm ;    female 

p  h  o  t  o  p  h  i  1  a  11.  sp.,  C.  45 
aaaa  20  or  more  antennal  segments 

b  Abdomen  yellowish  orange,  Icngtii  3  mm ;  24  antennal  segments,  the 
5th  with  a  stem  J4  the  length  of  the  basal  enlargement,  which 
latter  has  a  length  3  times  its  diameter ;  the  4th  palpal  segment  J4 

longer  than  the  3d canadensis   n.  sp.,  C.  952 

hh  Abdomen  light  reddish  brown,  length  3  nmi ;  25  antennal  segments, 
the  5th  with  a  stem  ^  the  length  of  the  basal  enlargement,  which 
latter    has    a    length    2j/^    times    its    diameter;    3d   and   4th   palpal 

segments    nearly   equal m  o  n  t  a  n  a    n.   sp.,   C.  953 

bbh  .\hdumen    pale   yellowish,   length   2  mm;    26   antennal   segments,   the 
5tli  with  a  stem  Yz  the  lengtli  of  the  basal   enlargement;  the  4th 

palpal   segment   K'  longer  tlian   the  3(1 

m  u  1  t  i  a  r  t  i  c  II 1  a  t  a    n.  sp.,  C.  831 

HOLONEURUS    Kieff. 
This  gentis  may  be  separated  from  Porricondyla  and  Dirhiza 
by  the  fifth  vein  being  simple  [pi.  39,  fig.  3]  and  the  four  palpal  seg- 
ments distinguish  it  from  Colomyia  Kiefif. 

Key  to  species 
a  12   antennal    segments,    the    stem    of    the   5th    as    long   as    the   basal    en- 
largement 

b  Abdomen  yellowish,  length   i  .25  mm  ;  female 

(Porricondyla)   a  1  t  i  f  i  1  u  s    Felt,  C.   30X 
Oil   16  antennal  segments,  the  5th  with  a  stem  twice  the  length  of  the  basal 
enlargement 

b  Abdomen    yellowish    brown,    length    2    mm;    male 

c  1  o  n  g  a  t  n  s    n.  sp.,   C.  954 
(nia  25    rmtennal    segments,    the   5th   with    a    stem    '4    longer    than    the   basal 
enlargement 

b  Abdomen  dull  yellowish,  length  3  nun ;  male 

m  u  1  t  i  n  o  (1  n  s    n.  sj).,  C  52S 

AS  YN  APT  A     TI.    L\V. 

This  }.,'-eniis  may  be  n'Oo^nizcd  by  llu-  fonr  lon^-,  sim])le 
\rins,  llu-  liflh  beini;-  simple,  and  by  the  cross  vein  bcin-  paralli-l 
(A-  ni-ariy  x)  with  costa  |pl.  3<k  tig.  i^\. 

Key  to  species 

ri   \U  antennal   seymcnts,  tiie   5tb   with   a  ^tmi   '^   longer   than   tlie  bas.'il   en- 
largement 
b   Abdomen    yelb  wish    brown,    biiytli    2    nun,    the   basal    enlargement    (if 
the   5tli  antennal  segment   with   a  length  3  times  its  diameter;   tlie 

terminal   clasp  segment   iiroadiy   triangular 

( VV  i  n  n  e  r  t  z  i  a )    f  u  r  c  a  t  a    l-'clt,  C.  336 


REPORT   OF   TIIR    STATR    ENTOMOLOGIST    IQO/  42I 

aa   18   aiitcnnal    segments,   the    5th   with   a   stem    ^   the  length   of   tl'.e    liasal 
enlargement 
b  Abdomen    light   yellow,   length   2   mm,   tlie   basal   enlargement   of   tiie 
5th  antcnnal  segment  witli  a  length  •}4  greater  than  its  diameter... 

f  1  a  V  i  d  a    n.  sp.,  C.  504 
aaa   ig  antennal   segments 

/)  51I1  antennal  segment  with  the  stem  in  the  male  j4  '^'kI  "i  t^'i^'  female 

'/-,   tiie  length   of  ihe  basal   enlargement 

c  Abdomen    reddish    orange,    length   male   2    mm,    female    1.5   mm, 

the  basal  enlargement  of  the  5th  antennal  segm  -nt  with  a  stem 

twice  the   diameter;   bred   from  Rhabdophaga    batatas 

galls saliciperda   n.  sp.,  C.  ai8i5a 

aaaa  20  or  more  antennal   segments 

b  5th  antennal  segment  with  a  stem  as  long  as  the  basal  enlargement 
c  Abdomen   reddish   brown,   length  2   mm;   21    antennal   segments, 
the  basal  enlargement  of  the  5th  with  a  length  J/2  greater  than 

its   diameter caudata    n.   sp.,   C.   1219 

re  Abdomen  orange-yellow,   length   1.5   mm;   23  antennal  segments, 
.  the    basal    enlargement    of    the    5th    with    a    length    ^    greater 

than  its  diameter cerasi    Felt,  C.  236 

ccc  Abdomen  light  brown,  length  1.5  mm;  23  antennal  segments,  the 

basal  enlargement  of  the  5th  with  a  length  twice  its  diameter 

canadensis    n.   sp.,  C.   1335 
bh  5tli    antennal    segment    with    a    stem    J4    longer    than    the    basal    en- 
largement 
c  Abdomen    reddish    brown,    length   2   mm ;    28   antennal   segments, 
the  basal  enlargement  of  the  sth  with  a  length  twice  its  diameter 

p  h  o  t  o  p  h  i  1  a    Felt,  C.  1 19 

WINNERTZIA     Roild. 

This  genus  is  easily  distingtiished  from  all  other  members  of 
the  grotip  by  the  four  simple  long  veins,  and  in  particular  by  the 
cross  vein  arising  from  the  third  vein  at  an  obtuse  angle  [pi.  39, 
fig.  9].  The  antennal  structures  are  exceedingly  peculiar,  inasmuch 
as  the  circumfili  are  modified  to  form  unique  horseshoelike  struc- 
tures on  each  side  of  the  antennal  segments. 

Key  to  species 

a  13   antennal   segments,   the   5th   with    a   stem   ^   the   length   of   the   basal 
enlargement 

b  Abdomen  yellowish  brown,  length   I   mm ;  male   

c  a  r  p  i  n  i     Felt,    C.    106 
aa  14    antenna!    segments 

b  Segments  sessile  or  subsessile;   females 

c  Abdomen  reddish  brown,  length  2  mm,  the  5th  antennal  segment 
with  a  length  lA  greater  than  its  diameter,  the  4th  palpal  seg- 
ment y2  longer  than  the  3d arizoniensis   n.  sp.,  C.  1022 

cc  Abdomen  greenish  yellow,  length  2  mm,  the  5th  antennal  seg- 
ment with  a  length  3  times  its  diameter,  the  4th  palpal  segment 
twice  the  length  of  the  3d c  a  1  c  i  e  q  u  i  n  a    Felt,  C.  673 


422 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


ccc  Abdomen  pale   straw,   length   2   mm,   5th   antcnnal   segment  with 
a  length   twice   its   diameter,   tlie   4th  palpal  segment   ^   longer 

than  the  3d karnerensis  n.   sp.,  C.  395 

cccc  Abdomen    fuscous   yellowish,  length    1.5   mm,    5th   antcnnal   seg- 
ment with  a  length  2I/2  times  its  diameter,  the  4th  palpal  segment 

twice  as  long  as  the  3d h  u  d  s  o  n  i  c  i   n.  sp.,  C.  ai555y 

bh  5ih   antennal   segment   with   a   stem    Yi   the  length    of   the   basal   en- 
largement; males 


Winnerlzia  a  m'p  e  1  o  p  h  i  1  a  Felt, 
6th  antennal  segment  of  male,  much  en- 
larged.     (OriKinal) 


Fig.     49 


nertiza  cal- 
cic q  u  i  n  a  Felt, 
1  ith  antennal  segment 
of  female,  much  en- 
larged. (Original) 


c  Abdomen   dark   yellowish   brown,   length    1.5   mm,  the  4th   palpal 

segment  twice  the  length  of  the  3d 

( P  o  r  r  i  c  o  n  d  y  1  a)  a  m  p  e  1  o  p  h  i  1  a    Felt,  C.  450 
cc  Abdomen   dark  brown,  length    .75  nun,  4tli   palpal  segment   twice 

the  length  of  the  3d s  o  1  i  d  a  g  i  n  i  s    Felt,  C.  508 

bbb  5th    antennal    segment    with    a    stem    Y^    the    lengtli    of   the   basal    en- 
largement ;    males 
c  Abdomen    yellowish    green    basally,    apically   light    brown,   length 

2  mm;  4th  palpal  segment  Yi  longer  than  the  3d 

c  a  1  c  i  e  q  u  i  n  a    Felt,  C.   561 
cc  .Abdunien    dull    l)rnwn,    length    1.25    nnn ;    4th   palpal   segment    Yj, 

longer   than   the  31I r  u  b  i  d  a  ,   C.  300 

bbhb  5th  antennal  segment   with  a  stem  as  long  as  the  basal  enlargemenf; 
male 
c  Abdomen   dark   brown,   length    i    nnn ;   4th   palpal   segment   twice 
the  length  of  the  3d p  i  n  i  c  o  r  t  i  c  i  s    Felt,  C.  1047 


EXPLANATION   OF   PLATES 


PLATE   1 

4^3 


Snow-wliitc     liiulen   moth, 

K  n  11  ()  111 

Work   of   slrip-.'d   iiiaplc  \v( 

)rm,   A  n  i 

u  1)  s  I  ,u;  II  a  r  1  u  s 
1      r  u  Ij  i  c  u  II  il  a 


Mill) 
1-al) 


Plate  I 


WW 


I     Snow-white  linden   moth 


2     Work  of  striped  maple  worm 


PLATE   2 

4-^5 


1  L  e  u  c  o  b  r  c  p  h  o  s    ij  r  e  p  li  o  i  d  c  s    W 

2  Work   of   apple   leaf   folder,    A  n  c  y  1  u  s 

4.-6 


ulie 


a     Cl-ni. 


Plate  2 


I     Leu  CO    brephos    brephoides 


Work   of  apple   leaf    folder,     A  n  c  y  1  u  s     n  u  b  e  c  u  1  a  n  a 


PLATE   3 

4-7 


Eriophyes  gall   (.no.  82)  on  Nyssa 


Plate  3 


Eriophyes  gall    (no.  82)   on  Nyssa 


PLATE  4 

429 


Old   Fnrse  hatclicry  and   Moose  river 
43" 


PLATE   5 

431 


I 


Old  Forge  pond  as  seen  from  tlie  village 
432 


PLATE 

433 


I 


Bald    Mi>unl;iiii  pmid  at  its  lower  end 

434 


i 


I 


PLATE   7 

435 


Beaver  Meadow  brook  above  the  fisli  poiid^ 
436 


Plate  7 


Beaver  Meadow  brook 


PLATE 
437 


Water  tent  trap  in  Beaver  Meadow  brook 
438 


Plate  8 


Water  tent  trap 


PLATE   9 

439 


1  Moss  covered  stone  from  bed  of  Reaver   Meadow  lirook 

2  Fresh-water   spnn.Lci'    fnnu   cow  at    diitlet   of  twin   ponds 


440 


Plate  9 


PLATE    10 

441 


I     Wings  of    H  a  b  r  o  p  h  1  e  b  i  a    v  i  b  r  a  n  s 


_     Abdominal  appendages  of  the  male,  viewed   from  above 

3  Abdominal  appendages  of  the  male  of    E  p  h  c  m  c  r  e  1 1  a    dor  o  t  h  c  a 

4  Thoracic  crest  of  female  subimago 

5  Abdominal   appendages   of    male   of     P  o  t  o  m  a  n  t  h  u  s      d  i  a  p  h  a  n  u  s 

6  Side  vievkr  of  end  of  abdomen  of  female,    Choroterpcs    betteni, 
showing  ovipositor 

Side  view^  of  end  of  abdomen  of  male 


8    Ventral  view  of  male  abdominal  appendages 


442 


PLATE   H 

443 


Photographs   of   crane    fly   wings 
D  i  c  r  a  n  u  ni  y  i  a    s  i  ni  u  1  a  n  s    Walker 
P  li  a  I  a  c  r  o  e  c  r  a    t  i  p  u  li  n  a    O.  S. 


444 


PLATE  12 

445 


1  Ponthoptera    alb  it  arsis    O.  S. 

2  Rhypholophus    nubilus    O.   S. 

446 


PLATE  13 

447 


I     Rhaphidolal)i  s    tcnuipes     O.    S. 
2    L  i  m  n  o  p  h  i  1  a    in  o  n  t  a  n  a    O.   S. 

448 


^    i 


PLATE    14 

449 


Crane  fly  wings 

1  M  a  c  r  o  c  h  i  1  c    s  p  c  c  t'  r  u  m    Locw,  after  Locw 

2  Tan  3'  d  c  r  u  s    p  i  c  t  ii  s    Phil.,  after  Philippi 

3  X  i  p  li  u  r  a    f  r  o  u  i  a  1  i  s    Loew 

4  Rhamphidia    flavipes    Macq. 

5  Orimargaanomala   Mik.  after  Mik. 

6  L  i  m  n  o  p  Ii  i  1  a    b  r  e  v  i  f  u  r  c  a     (^.  S.  drawn   from  a  plintoj^r; 

450 


Plate  14 


PLATE  15 

431 


Crane  fly  win^s 

1  I  (1  i  o  p  1  a  >  t  a     f  i  t  c  h  i     C).   S.,   after   Ostcii   Sackcii 

2  Ptychoptcra    rufocincta    O.  S. 

3  Bittacomorpha    clavipcs    Fal)r. 

4  C  y  1  i  n  d  r  o  t  o  m  a    d  i  s  t  i  n  c  t  i  s  s  i  m  a    Mcigen,  after  van  dor  Wulp 

5  Liogma    nodicornis    O.  S. 

6  Cyttaroniyia    cancel  lata    Sciidd.   (fossil),  after  Scuddcr 

452 


Plate  II 


Ri\b 


^4  +  5 


PLATE    16 
453 


Crane  fly  wings 

1  Ctenophora    sp. 

2  PTipula    tenuis    v.d.W.,  after  van  der  Wulp 

3  Oropeza    annularis    Say 

4  Mcgistoccra     fuscana    Wulp,  afftr  van  dcr  Wulp 

5  Dolichopcza    americana    Ndm. 

6  S  c  a  ni  b  o  n  e  u  r  a    d  o  t  a  t  a    O.  S.,  after  Osten  Sackcn 

4S4 


Plate  i6 


PLATE   17 

455 


Crane   fly  wings 
t     Undetermined  'I'ipuline  from  Virginia,   111. 

2  Tip   of  wing  of   R  h  a  b  d  i  n  o  b  r  o  c  h  u  s     e  x  t  i  n  c  t  u  s     Scucld.,   after 

Scudder   (Florissant   fossil) 

3  Tip  of  wing  of  P  1  u  s  i  o  m  y  i  a    g  r  a  c  i  1  is    Walker,  after  Westwood 
i     P  t  i  1  o  g  y  n  a    r  a  ni  i  c  o  r  n  i  s    Skuse,  after  Skuse 

5     S  e  m  n  o  t  e  s   d  u  c  a  1  i  s    Wcstw.,  after  Skuse 
5    Ozodiccra    griscipennis    Loew,  after  Loew 

4S6 


Plate  17 


PLATE   18 
437 


Wings  of  crane  flics  of  the  genus  Limnophila 


Li  m  n  o  p  h  i  1  a 
Limnophila 
Limnophila 
Limnophila 
Limnophila 
Limnophila 


( D  i  c  r  a  n  o  p  h  r  a  g  m  a ) 
toxoneura    O.   S. 
p  o  e  t  i  c  a    O.  S. 
m  u  n  d  a    O.  S. 
adus  ta    O.  S. 
quadrata    O.    S. 
458 


f  u  s  c  o  V  a  r  i  a    O.   S. 


Plate  i8 


PLATE   19 

459 


Wings  of  crane  flies 

1  Dicranota    rivularis    O.  S. 

2  Rhaphidolabis    tenuipes    O.  S. 

3  Epiphragma    fascipennis     Say 

4  Trichocera    brumalis    ?    Fitch 

5  Lechria    singularis    Skuse,  after  Skusc 

6  Amphineurus    australica    Skuse,  after  Skuse 

460 


Plate  19 


PLATE   20 

461 


Crane  fly  wings 

1  G  y  n  o  p  1  i  s  I  i  a    w  a  k  c  f  i  c  1  d  i    Wcstw.,    after    Westwood 

2  E  u  t  o  n  i  a    1)  a  r  h  i  p  c  s    Mcigcn,  after  van  dcr  Wulp 

3  P  o  e  c  i  1  o  s  t  o  1  a   p  a  1  1  e  n  s,   after  van   der   W'lilp 

4  P  a  1  a  c  o  p  (^  c  c  i  1  o  s  t  o  1  a   sp. ?,   after   Meiinii.r 

5  L  i  p  s  o  t  h  r  i  X    r  c  in  (j  t  a    Walk.,  after   Wahlgrcn 

6  T  i  n  e  m  y  i  a    ni  a  r  g  a  r  i  t  i  f  e  r  a    I  Intl.,  after  1  Intton 

462 


Plate  20 


PLATE   21 

463 


Crane  fly  wings 

1  P  o  1  y  m  o  r  i  o    1  u  I  c  ;i    I'liil.,  after  Philippi 

2  Polymera    albitarsis    Will.,  after  Williston 

3  Podoneura    an  thraco  gramma    Berg.,  after  Bergroth 

4  P <t  r  a  t  r  o  p  e  z  a    s  i  n  g  ti  ]  a  r  i  s    Scliiii.,   after   Schincr 

5  C  o  n  o  s'i  a    i  r  r  o  r  r  a  t  ii  s    Witd.,  afur  van  dir  Wulp 

6  Mongoma    f  r  a  u  i  1  1  i  in  a    \\\--l\v.,    aftir    Wcslvvuud 

464 


Plate  21 


PLATE  22 

465 


Crane  fly  wings 

1  Cladoneura    willistoni    Scudd.    (fossil),  after  Scudder 

2  C  1  a  d  u  r  a    i  n  d  i  v  i  s  a    O.  S.,  after  Osten  Sacken 

3  Rhypholophus     nubilus    O.    S. 

4  Rhypholophus     nigripilus    O.   S. 

5  Rhypholophus    monticola    O.  S. 

6  Molophilus    hirtipennis    O.  S. 

466 


Plate  22 


PLATE  23 
467 


Crane  fly  wings 

1  E  r  i  o  p  t  e  r  a     v  i  1  1  o  s  a     O.   S. 

2  E  r  i  o  p  t  e  r  a    s  c  p  t  c  m  t  r  i  o  n  i  s     O.    S. 

3  E.    (^I  e  s  oc  y  p  h  on  a)   caloptera    O.  S. 

4  E.    (Acyphona)   venusta    O.  S. 

5  E.   (Hoplolabis)   armata    O.  S.  with  spur  in  discal  cell 

6  Same  species  with  complete  cross  vein  in  discal  cell 

468 


Plate  23 


PLATE   24 
469 


Crane  fly  wings 

1  H  c  1  o  b  i  a    ))  n  n  c  t  i  p  <-■  n  n  i  s    Mcigcn 

2  G  o  n  p  h  o  ni  y  i  a    t  r  i  s  t  i  s  s  i  m  a   O.  S. 

3  Goniomyia    sulphurclla    O.  S. 

4  Goniomyia    c  o  g  n  a  t  e  1 1  a    O.  S. 

5  Goniomyia    blanda    O.  S. 

6  Mongoma    manca    Williston 

470 


Plate  24 


PLATE  25 

4/1 


Crane  fly  wings 

1  Amalopis    inconstans    O.  S. 

2  Amalopis    calcar   O.  S. 

3  Amalopis    sp.  ? 

4  U  1  a    e  1  e  g  a  n  s    O.  S. 

5  U  1  a    sp.  nov. 

6  Polyangaeus    niacnlatus    Doanc,    after   Doanc 

472 


Plate  25 


PLATE 

47-3 


Crane   fly  wings 
I     Pedicia    albivitta    Walker 
2AnisomeramegaceraO.  S. 

3  Eriocera    longicornis    Walker 

4  T  r  i  m  i  c  r  .'1    p  i  1  i  p  c  s    Fahr.,    after    van    dcr    Wulp,    with     lip     uf    an 

anomalous  wing  lie  found  in  a  specimen  of  tlic  same  species 

5  Phyllolabis    obscurus    Doane,  after  Doane 

6  S  t  y  r  i  n  g  o  m  y  i  a  sp.,  after  Osten   Sackcn 

474 


Plate  26 


Crane   fly  wings 

1  R  h  i  p  i  d  i  a    ni  a  c  u  1  a  t  a    O.   S. 

2  Geranomyia    canadensis    O.  S. 

3  Dicranomyia    ini  modes  ta    O.  S. 

4  Dicranomyia    cincrea    Doane,  aftt-r  Doane 

5  ?   D  i  c  r  a  n  o  m  y  i  a     \v  li  a  r  t  o  n  i    Ndm. 

6  D  i  c  r  a  n  o  p  t  y  c  h  a    g  c  r  m  a  n  a    O.    S. 

4/6 


Plate  27 


PLATE 

477 


Crane  fly  wings 

1  Discobolaargus    Say,  after  Osten  Sacken 

2  G  o  n  i  o  d  i  n  e  u  r  a  n  i  g  r  i  c  e  p  s    s.  d.   W.   s.,  after  van  der  Wulp 

3  Dapanoptera    plenipennis    Walker,  after  Westwood 

4  Peripheroptera    nitens    Schiner,  after  Schiner 

5  Lil)n|otes   notata  v.   d.   \\'.,   after  van   der   Wulp 

6  L  i  b  n  o  t  e  s   t  h  \v  a  i  t  e  s  i  a  n  a  n  a    \\'est\v.,  after  Westwood 

4/8 


Plate  28 


PLATE 

479 


Crane  fly  wings 

1  Elephantomyia    westwoodi    O.  S. 

2  Teucholabis    gracilis    O.  S. 

3  Atarbapicticornis    O.  S.,  after  Oslcn  Sack 

4  Aniocha    opalizans,    O.  S. 

5  Toxorrhina    niuliebris    O.  S. 

6  D  i  o  t  r  e  p  h  a    ni  i  r  a  Ij  i  1  i  s    O.   S. 

480 


Plate  29 


PLATE  30 
,      481 


Crane  fly  wings 

1  Cryptolabis    paradox    O.  S. 

2  Empedanubila    Schum.,  after  van  der  Wulp 

3  Limnobia    cinctipes    Say 

4  Plectromyia    modesta    O.  S.,  after  Osten  Sacken 

5  Rhicnoptila    wodzickii    Now.,  after   Nowicky   (degenerate) 

6  Zalusa    falklandica    Enderl,  after  Enderlein   (more  degenerate) 

482 


Plate  30 


PLATE  31 

483 


Epiphragma     fascipcnnis     Say,    female,    in    attitude    of   flight 

484 


^H: 


tx- 


Crane  fly   ( E  p  i  p  h  r  a  g  ma    f  a  s  c  i  p  e  ii  n  i  s ) 


PLATE 

48s 


Epiphragma    fascipennis    Say,   immature  stages 

1  Larva,  lateral  view 

2  End  of  same  in  dorsal  view  showing  respiratory  disk 

3  Pupa 

486 


Plate  32 


Larva  and  pupa   of  crane  fly    (E  p  i  p  h  r  a  g  m  a      f  a  s  c  i  p  e  n  n  i  s) 


PLATE  33 

487 


1  Wing  of  Cat  oc  ha    slossonac,    n.  sp.,  C.  931,  X  20 

2  Wing  of  L  e  s  t  r  e  ni  i  a    s  y  1  v  c  s  t  r  i  s    Felt,  31642,   X  20 

3  Wing  of  Microcerata    perplcxa,   n.  sp.,  X  20 

4  Wing  of  C  a  m  p  y  1  o  ni  y  z  a    c  a  r  p  i  n  i     l-'clt,   C.    107,   X   20 

5  Wing  of  C  a  m  p  y  1  o  m  y  z  a    b  r  y  a  n  t  i  ,    n.  sp.,  C.  796,  X  20 

6  Wing  of  B  r  a  c  h  y  n  c  u  r  a    a  in  c  r  i  c  a  n  a    Felt,  C  734,  X  30 

7  Wing  of  J  o  a  n  i  s  s  i  a    p  ii  o  t  o  p  li  i  1  a    Felt,    C.    748,    X    30 

488 


Plate  33 


PLATE  34 

489 


1  Wing  ofBaldralia     fuscoanulata,    n.   sp.,  C.   ai550,  X  20 

2  Wing  ofRhopalomyia    major    Felt,  C.  90,  X  13 

3  Wing  ofTrottcria    tarsata,    n.  sp.,  C.  667,  X  20 

4  Wing  of  L  c  s  t  o  d  i  p  1  o  s  i  s   crataegifolia,   31555,   X   20 

5  Wing  of  C  a  m  p  t  o  n  e  u  r  o  in  y  i  a    a  d  h  e  s  a    Felt,  ai568,  X  20 

6  Wing  of  R  h  o  p  a  1  o  m  y  i  a   li  i  r  t  i  p  e  s  O.    S.,   31284,   X    13 

7  Wing  of  C  1  i  n  o  r  h  y  n  c  li  a    m  i  !  1  c  f  o  1  i  i    Wnchtl,  C.  1236,  X  20 

8  Wing  of  N  e  o  1  a  s  i  o  p  t  c  r  a    h  i  1)  i  s  c  i    Felt,  31410,  X  20 

9  Wing  of  D  i  a  r  t  h  r  o  n  o  ni  y  i  a    a  r  t  e  ni  i  s  i  a  e  ,    n.  sp.,  C.  989,  X  15 

10  Wing  of  R  h  o  p  a  1  o  ni  y  i  a    f  u  s  i  f  o  r  ni  i  s    Felt,  31150,  X  20 

490 


Plate  34 


PLATE  35 

491 


1  Wing  of  Rhabdophaga    consobrina    Felt,  C.  39,  X  20 

2  Wing  ofDasyneura    flavotibialis    Felt,  31454,  X  20 

3  Wing  of'Dasyncura    trifolii   Loew,   C.   742,   X  20 

4  Wing  of  Rhabdophaga    populi    Felt,  C.  78,  X  20 

5  Wing  of  Rhabdophaga    accrifolia    Felt,  C.  36,  X  20 
0  Wing  ofDasyneura   bidentata   Felt,  C.  344,  X  20 

7  Wing  of  Rhabdophaga    batatas    Walsh,  a686,  X  20 

8  Wing  ofDasyneura   photophila   Felt,  C.  193,  X  20 


Plate  35 


Dasyncmra   and   Rhabdophaga 


PLATE 

493 


Wing  of  Oligotrophus    betulae    Winn.,  C.  964,  X  20 

Wing  of  Sackenomyia    acerifolia    Felt,  C.  38,  X  20 

Wing  ofjanetiella   nodosa   Felt,  C.  1049,  X  20 

Wing  of  Janetiella    asplenifolia    Felt,  C.  1 103,  X  20 

Wing  of  Cincticornia    transversa    Felt,  C.   53,  X  20 

Wing  of  M  a  y  e  t  i  0  1-  a    t  h  a  1  i  c  t  r  i   Felt,  C.  98,  X  20 

Wing  ofSchizomyia    viburni    n.  sp.,  C.  1212,  X  20 

Wing  of  Asphondylia   nionacha,    female  O.  S.,  C.  761,  X  20 

Wing  of  Asphondylia   m  o  n  a  c  h  a  ,  male,   C.   31336,   X   20 


Plate  36 


PLATE  37 

495 


Wing  of  R  h  o  p  a  1  o  m  y  i  a    t  r  u  n  c  a  t  a    n.  sp.,  C.  817,  X  20 
Wing  of  Horniomyia    atlantica    n.  sp.,  C.  815,  X  13 
Wing  ofBremia    filicis    Felt,  C.  397,  X  20 
Wing  of  A  p  h  i  d  o  1  c  t  c  s    h  a  m  a  m  e  1  i  d  i  s    Felt,  C.  401 
Wing  of  H  o  r  m  o  m  y  i  a    t  n  1)  i  c  o  1  a    O.  S.,  C.  31450,  X  20 
Wing  of  C  o  n  t  a  r  i  n  i  a    p  y  r  i  v  o  r  a    Riley,  C.  790,  X  20 
496 


X  20 


Plate  37 


PLATE  38 
497 


1  Wing  ofDentifibula    caryae   Felt,  C.  332b,  X  20 

2  Wing  of  Giardomyia    photophila    Felt,  C.  323,  X  20 

3  Wing  of    L  o  b  o  p  t  e  r  o  m  y  i  a     a  b  d  o  ni  i  n  a  1  i  s    n.  sp.,  C.   ; 

4  Wing  of  '  L  o  b  o  p  t  e  r  o  m  y  i  a    t  i  1  i  a  e    Felt,  C.  25,  X  20 

5  Wing  of  Mycodiplosis    aJternata    Felt,  C.  209,  X  20 

6  Wing  of  Clinodiplosis    coryli    Felt,  C.  216,  X  20 

7  Wing  of  K  a  r  s  h  o  ni  y  i  a    v  i  b  u  r  n  i    Felt,  C.  219,  X  20 

8  Wing  of  Lobodiplosis   acerina    Felt,  C.  269,  X  20 

498 


6,  X  20 


Plate  38 


PLATE  39 
499 


i 


1  Wing  of  C  o  1  p  o  d  i  a    t  r  i  f  o  1  i  i    Felt,  C.  455,  X  20 

2  Wing  of  Porricondyla   hamata   Felt,  ai626,  X  20 

3  Wing  ofHoloneurus  altifilus   Felt,  C.  398,  X  20 

4  Wing  of  J  o  h  n  s  o  n  o  m  y  i  a    rubra    n.  sp.,  C.  826,  X  15 

5  Wing  of  Porricondyla   Carolina    Felt,  ai625,  X  20 

6  Wing  of  Asynapta   cerasi   Felt,  C.  236,  X  20 

7  Wing  of  Dirhiza  canadensis   n.  sp.,  C  952,  X  15 

8  Wing  of  Porricondyla    f  1  a  v  a    Felt,  C.  151,  X  20 

9  Wing  of  W  i  n  n  e  r  t  z  i  a    a  m  p  e  1  n  p  h  i  1  a    Felt,  C.  450,  X  20 

500 


Plate  39 


PLATE  40 


1  Genitalia  of  L  o  b  o  tl  i  p  1  o  s  i  s    (]  u  e  r  c  i  n  a    Felt,  C.  271,  X  260 

2  Genitalia  of  L  o  b  o  d  i  p  1  o  s  i  s    a  c  e  r  i  n  a    Felt,  C.  243,  X  260 

502 


Plate  40 


PLATE  41 

503 


1  Genitalia  ofKarshomyia    viburni    Felt,  n.  sp.,  C.  8g,  X  260 

2  Genitalia  of  Youngnmyia    r  u  1)  i  d  a    11.  sp.,  C.  42,3,  X  260 


504 


Plate  41 


\ 


PLATE  42 


1  Genitalia  ofClinodiplosis    caryae    Felt,  C.  331,  X  260 

2  Genitalia  of  O  b  o  1  o  d  i  p  1  o  s  i  s    o  r  b  i  c  u  1  a  t  a    Felt,  C.  180,  X  260 

506 


Plate  42 


PLATE  43 

507 


1  Genitalia  ofColpodia    carolinac    Felt,  C  31624,  X  260 

2  Genitalia  of  C  o  1  p  o  d  i  a    1  o  n  g  i  m  a  n  a    n.  sp.,  C.  830,  X  260 

508 


Plate  43 


PLATE  44 

509 


1  Genitalia  ofPorricondyla    pini    Felt,  C.  221,  X  260 

2  Genitalia  of  P  o  r  r  i  c  o  n  d  y  1  a    hamata    Felt,  C.  ai626,  X  260 

S'o 


Plate  44 


X. 


INDEX 


Abies,    Dasyneura     canadensis    on, 

336. 
Ablabesmyia,    270. 
Acarina,   130. 
Acarus  aceris  cruniena,  123. 

aenignia,  146. 

caulis,  135. 

crataegi  vermiculus,    131,    132. 

semen,    146,    147 

serotinae,  140. 
Acer   sp.,   galls   on,    123-24. 

glabrum,  gall  on,  119,  124. 

leucoderme,  galls  on,   124.   152. 

negiindo,  gall  on,  119,  124. 

rubrum,  gall  on,  120-21,  124. 

saccharum,  galls  on,  121-23,  ^^1 

spicatum,  galls  on,  123,  124. 
See  also  Maple. 
Acyphona,  232,  246. 

venusta,  see   Erioptera. 
Adiplosis,    386,   405. 
Aeschna,   163,    179. 

sp.,  196. 
Aeschnidae,  173,  174,  252,  260,  263. 
Agrimonia,    Contarinia    agrimoniae 
on,  381,  392. 

eupatoria,  Contarinia  agri- 

moniae on,  302. 
Agrostis  vulgaris,  Dasyneura 

graminis   on,   336. 
Alder,    Dasyneura    serrulatae    on, 

black,     Lasioptera     cinerea     on, 

320. 
European,  galls  on,  125. 
mountain,     Erineum     alnigenum 

on,  125. 
smooth,  gall  on,   126. 
speckled,  galls  on,  125-26. 
Allorhina    nitida,    42. 
Alnus,     Dasyneura     serrulatae     on, 

336. 
alnobetula,  gall  on,  125. 
glutinosa?,  gall  on,  125,  126. 


Alnus    (^continued) 

incana,  galls  on,   125-26. 

rugosa,  gall  on,  126,  134. 
Alona,   179. 
Amalopis,  225,  226,  242,  245. 

inconstans,  209,  225,  242. 
Ambrosia  beetles,  51. 
Amelanchier,       Hormomyia       cana- 
densis on,  381,  388. 

canadensis,  gall  on,   126. 

ro-tundifolia,  gall  on,  12O. 
Ampelopsis,  gall  on,  127. 
Amphineura,  237. 
Amphipods,    183-86. 
Anisinckia,       Schizomyia      macrofila 
on,    372,   2>79- 

lycopsoides,     Asphondylia     macro- 
fila   on,   297. 
Amygdalus  persicae,  gall  on,   127. 
Anasa  tristis,  50. 
Anatopynia,   270,   271. 

plumipes,    271. 
Anax  Junius,  196. 
Ancylus    nubeculana,   2S-3X. 
Anemone,  tall,  gall  on,  127. 
Anemone       canadense,       Dasyneura 

anemone  on,  292,  336,  343,  345. 

virginiana,  gall  on,     127. 
Anisomera,  243,  247. 
Anisomerini,    243,    247. 
Anisopleura,    259. 
Anisoptera,  251,  253,  256,  257,  250, 

260,  262,  263. 
Anisota  rubicunda,  7,  13-21,  22,  27. 
Antennaria,     Asphondylia     anten- 
nariae  on,  2i72,  2,77- 

Rhopalomyia      antennariae      on, 
356,    367. 

Rhopalomyia  pilosa  on,  356,  2>^6, 
367. 
Anthomyiidae,    171. 
Antlered    maple    caterpillar,    21-23. 
Antocha,    169,    243,   248. 

opalizans,   170,  205-6. 


51T 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Antochini,    243,    247. 
Aphidoletes,     306,     385,     394,     396; 
key   to   species,  396. 

basalis,   384,   397. 

borealis,   397. 

cucumeris,   383,   397. 

flavida,  397. 

fulva,   397. 

hamamelidis,   397. 

marginata,   397. 

marina,   397. 

meridionalis,  384,   397. 

recurvata,   397. 
Aphids,   35- 
Aphis,    rosy,    53. 
Aphis  pomi,  53. 
Apis,  381. 

Apocynum,     Cecidomyia     apocyni 
on,  382,   414. 

Lestodiplosis    apocyniflorae    on. 
382. 
Apple    aphids,    51. 
Apple    bark    louse,   51,   53. 
Apple  leaf  folder,  28-31. 
Apple   maggot,   33-34,  53- 
Apple   plant  lice,   53. 
Apple   worm,  lesser,  32-33. 
Apple,  gall  on,  141. 
Apple  tree,  injurious  insects : 

June    beetle,    green,   43. 

linden      moth,      snow-white,      25, 

27- 
Apple  tree  caterpillar,  red-hunipcd, 
31-32,    52. 

yellow-necked,    52. 
Apricot    trees,    June    beetle,    injur- 
ing,   43- 
Aquatic   insects,  8. 
Arbor-vitae,  gall   on,   148. 
Archips  argyrospila,  46. 

sorbiana,    45. 
Argia,  259. 

violacea,    198. 
Arilus   cristatus,   53. 
Aristolochia    macrophylla    (sipho), 

gall   on,   127. 
Arnoldia,  336,  339;  key  to  species, 
340. 

.'ibsobrina,   289.   337,   340. 

cpra<;I,  340. 


Arnoldia   (continued) 

fraxinifolia,    289,   337,   340. 

hispida,   290,   340. 

minor,   290,   340. 

ungulata,  290,  340. 

vitis,  290-91,  339,  340. 
Aronia  nigra,  gall  on,  127. 
Arrowwood,  galls  on,  150. 
Arsenate   of  lead,   16. 
Arsenical   poisons,   30,   40. 
Artemisia    sp.,   gall    on,    127. 

Asphondylia   artemislae   on,    -^72, 

377- 
Rhopalomyia     alticola     on,     356, 

367. 
tridcntata,   Diarthronomyia  arte- 

misiae   on,   336,   340. 
Arthrocnodax,   386,   403-4;    key    to 

species,   403-4. 
acerina,    404. 
apiphila,  301,  381,  404. 
fenestra,    404. 
filicis,    404. 
fraxini,   404. 
incisa,    403. 
niicrotila,  404. 
obscura,  404. 
rhoina,  384,  404. 
rufa,   403. 

sambucifolia,  384,  404. 
sylvestris,  403. 
Asclcpias,     Lestodiplosis     asclepiae 

on,  382,  409. 
Ncolasioptcra    asclepiae    on,    318, 

332. 
.\sii,   Arnoldia   fraxinifolia  on,  289, 

337- 
Dasyneura  apicatus  on,  337,  345. 

fraxinifolia  on,  293,  337,  341- 

tumidosac    on,    337,    346. 
galls   on,    134,   147,   153- 
Lasioptera    fraxinifolia    on,    319, 

327- 
T-cstodiplosis      fraxinifolia      on, 

383. 
Aspen,  galls   rm,   136,   137-38. 
.Asphondylia.     305,     307,     375,     378, 

3S0;  key  to  species,  376. 
altifiia,  see  Schizomyia. 


INDEX  TO  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


513 


Asphondylia    (continued) 
antennariae,   272,   377. 
arizonensis,   294,    373,   378. 
artemisiae,  372,  377. 
atriplicis,   373,   377. 
auripila,    294-95,    112,,   376. 
autumnalis,    373,    377. 
azaleae,  295,  373,  376. 
baroni,   377. 
betheli,  373,  376. 
brevicauda,    295,    376. 
bumeliae,  296,  373,  376. 
carpini,  see  Dasyneura. 
ceanothi,   377. 
conspicua,   373,   377. 
diervillae,   373,   377. 
florida,  374,  376. 
fulvopedalis,   376. 
globosus,    373,   377. 
giitierreziae,  see  Rhopalomyia. 
helianthiflorae,    373,    376. 
hydi-angeae,   296,   373,   377. 
ilicoides,   296-97,  373,   377. 
integrifoliae,   374,   376. 
johnsoni,  374,  377. 
macrohla,  297. 

See  also  Schizomyia. 
monacha,  291,  317,  321,  334,  373, 

374,  376. 
multifila,  see  Cincticornia. 
opuntiae,   373,   377. 
rubi,  see  Schizomyia. 
salictaria,  297-98,  374,  377. 
sambuci,    374,    377. 
siccae,   374,   376. 
smilacinae,   298,   374,  376. 
sobrina,  see   Cincticornia. 
transversa,    380. 

See  also   Cincticornia. 
vernoniae,  374,  377. 
Asphondyliariae,  305,  308,  372. 
Asphondylid  galls,  372. 
Aspidiotus  perniciosus,  34-36,  50,  52. 
uvae,    Dentifibula    cocci    on,    382, 

389. 
Aster,    Asphondylia    monacha    on, 

373- 
Baldratia,   asterifoliae   on,   318. 

divaricata  on,  330. 


Aster   (continued) 

rtavomaculata  on,  318,  329. 
fuscoanulata  on,  318,  329. 
laeviana  on,  318,  330. 
paniculata  on,  318,  328,  329. 
pustulata  on,  318,  328. 
squarrosae  on,  329. 
Choristoneura  helena  on,  288. 
Lasioptera      dorsimaculata      on, 

325. 
Neolasioptera   albitarsis   on,  318. 

ramuscula  on,  318,  333. 
Rhopalomyia      astericaulis       on, 
357,    365. 
asteriflorae  on,  298,  357,  366. 
lateriflori  on,  357,  364,  365. 
Asynapta,  415,  420;  key  to  species, 
420. 
antennaria,  see  Asphondylia. 
canadensis,  421. 
caudata,  421. 
cerasi,    421. 
flavida,    421. 
furcata,  420. 
photophila,  421. 
saliciperda,    421. 
Atarba,   247. 

picticornis,    205. 
Atrichopogon,    265. 
Atriplex,     Asphondylia      atriplicis 
on,   373,   377- 
canescens,    Lasioptera    willistoni 
on,  318. 
Audibertia,    Rhopalomyia    audiber- 

tiae  on,  299,  357,  368. 
Avena,  Coquillettomyia  texana  on, 

382. 
Azalea,      Asphondylia      azaleae      on, 
29s,  373,  376. 
Hormomyia    consobrina   on,   299. 

Baccharis,   Rhopalomyia   baccharis 
on,  357,  364,  365. 
californica   on,  357,   364,  366. 
Baetinae,   174. 
Baetis,    169,   170,   188. 
posticatus,    189-90. 
Bag  worm,  54,  55. 


5^4 


XEW    YORK    STATE    MUSKUM 


Baldratia,    2>^7,    322,    ^z'S;    key    to 
species,   ^^'6. 

abnorniis,  321,  329. 

albomaculata,  321,   328. 

astenfoliae,  31S,   321. 

canadensis,  ^22,  329. 

carbonifera,  321,  328. 

convoluta,  321,   329. 

divaricata,  330. 

flavoanulata,  321,  329. 

flavolunata,   321,  330. 

liavomaculata,   31S,    329. 

tlavoscuta,  328. 

fuscoanulata,   318,   329. 

laeviana,  318,  330. 

modesta,   319,  328,  329. 

miihlenbergiae,  319,  329. 

paniculata,   318,   328,   329. 

petiolicola,  322,  328. 

pustulata,  318,  328. 

rosea,  321,  328. 

rubra,  321,  329. 

socialis,  321,  328. 

squamosa,  319. 

squarrosae,  329. 

tuberculata,  329. 
Bark  louse,  scurfy,  53. 
Barley,    Mayetiola    destructor    on, 

357- 
Basswood,     Bryocrypta     pectinata 
on,    304. 

gall  on,    148.  « 

Lasioptera   palustris   on,   322. 
spinulae   on,  322. 

Loboptcroniyia   apicalis   on,   390. 
tiliac  on,  390. 

Neolasioptcra  hamata  on,  s^^- 
tiliaginea   on,   322,   332. 
Batonciis  populi,  138. 
Bedstraw,    Dasyncura    galii    on,    237i 

348. 
Bee,    Anhrocnodax    appipliila    with, 

381. 
Beech,  linden  niotli    injuring,  8,  23, 
27. 
Miastor   aincricaiia   on,   286,   316. 

American,  ^'all  on,  132,  152. 

}"!uropcan,  gall  on,  133. 
Beet  leaf  nuncr,  53. 


Belvosia    bifasciata,    16. 
Berry  worm,  38. 
Betula,   galls   on,    128-29. 
Oligotrophus     betulae     on,     357, 
368. 
Bezzia,  264,  267-68. 
Bigelovia,       Rhopalomyia        bige- 
loviae   on,   357,   368. 
bigelovioides  on,  257,  366,  367. 
Birch,  galls  on,  128-29. 

Oligotrophus    betulae    on,    357. 
injurious  insects: 
Archips    sorbiana,    46. 
linden  moth,  snow-white,  27. 
Birch  leaf  Bucculatrix,  47. 
Birds,    protection    and    encourage- 
ment  of,    17-19. 
Bittacomorpha,    225,    244. 

clavipes,  210. 
Bittacus,  220. 
Bittersweet,  Neolasioptcra  celastri 

on,  318. 
Black  flies,  171. 

Blackberry,  Camptoneuromyia 

rubifolia  on,  334. 
Dasyneura     rubillorae     on,     338, 

343- 
Lasioptera  farinosa  on,  321,  ^z^, 
325- 
nodulosa  on,  321,  325. 
Schizomyia  rubi  on,  379. 
Blasturus  cupidus,    189. 
Blueberry,  Baldratia  canadensis  on, 
322. 
Dasyneura    cyanococci    on,    293, 

344- 
gall  on,   150. 

Schizomj'ia    allilila    on,    379. 
Boneset,  Brachyneura  eupatorii  on, 
317- 
Clinorhynclia    eupalorillorae   on, 

319- 
Contarinia   perfoliata  on,  383. 
Neolasioptcra  perfoliata  on,  319. 
Bordeaux   mixture,  38. 
l'>osmiua,    179. 

Bouncing      bet,      l.-isiDptcr,!      jiivc- 
nalis  on,  321. 


INDEX  TO  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  51 


Boyeria  Irene,  258. 

vinosa,   196. 
Box  elder,   Contarinia   negundifolia 

on,   2S3. 
Brachyneura,      316,     317;      key     to 
species,  317. 

americana,  286,  317. 

cupatorii,   317. 

vitis,  317. 
Brachypogon,  264. 
Bremia,   306,  385,  394,  396;   key  to 
species,  395. 

caricis,   395. 

cucumeris,  see  Aphidoletes. 

filicis,   395. 

hamamelidis,  see  Aphidoletes. 

podophyllae,  395. 
Brephos  infans,  48. 
Brown  tail  moth,  7,  50,  52,  53. 
Bryocrypta,   417. 

pectinata,  304. 
See  also   Colpodia. 
Bucculatrix    canadensisella,    47. 
Bugleweed,    Lasioptera    lycopi    on, 
320. 

mitchellae   on,   320. 
Bullhead,  food,    172-74. 
Bumelia,      Asphondylia      bumcliae 

on,  296,  373,  376. 
Bnnchberry,  gall  on,  131. 
Butternut,  gall  on,   135. 
Buttonbush,  galls  on,  130. 

Rhabdophaga      cephalanthi      on, 
336. 

Cactus,      Asphondylia    arizonensis 
on,    294,  373. 
betheli  on,  373. 
opuntiae  on,  373. 
Caddis    Hies,    8,    163,    170,    176-77, 

178. 
Caenis,  161,  178,  188. 

allecta,   192. 

diminuta,  178,  192. 
Callibaetis  hageni,    189. 
Calopteryx,  258. 

aequabilis,   197. 

maculata,    197. 
Calosoma  calidum,  22. 
Calycophthora  populi,  138. 


Camptocladius,   282. 

atcrimus,  282. 

fumosus,  284. 
Camptoneuromyia,    317,     321,     322, 
334;   key   to   species,  334. 

adhesa,   317,   334. 

fulva,  334. 

hamamelidis,  334. 

rubifolia,  334. 

virginica,   334. 
Campylomyza,    311,    312,    313;    key 
to   species,  313. 

acerifolia,   see    Lestremia. 

articulosa,   315. 

balsamicola,  315. 

barlowi,    316. 

boulderi,    314. 

brevicornis,   314. 

bryanti,   313. 

carolinae,  see  Joanissia. 

carpini,  314. 

cerasi,  316. 

currei,   315. 

defectiva,  314. 

dilatata,   316. 

flavoscuta,  313. 

gibbosa,  316. 

gilletti,  314. 

graminea,  315. 

hesperia,   315. 

hirsuta,   315. 

karnerensis,   315. 

kasloensis,  314. 

latipennis,    314,    315. 

leguminicola,  315. 

lignivora,    314,    315. 

longipennis,  314. 

luna,  313. 

modesta,  316. 

photophila,  see  Joanissia. 

pinicorticis,   315. 

pomiilorae,  315. 

pomifolia,  315. 

populi,  315. 

producta,  315. 

silvana,  314. 

simulator,   314.  , 

sylvestris,   313. 

texana,  316. 

toxicodendri,   314. 


5i6 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Campylomyza    (continued) 
tsugae,  314. 
tuckeri,   316. 
versicolor,    314. 
vitinea,  314. 
Campylomyzariae,   306,   307,   311. 
Canker  worms,  50. 
Carya,  Cincticornia  caryae  on,  373. 
Clinodiplosis  caryae  on,  382. 
Hormomyia    arcuaria    on,    382. 
caryae   on,   382. 
holotricha   on,   382. 
thonipsoni  on,  382. 
tubicola  on,  382. 
Mycodiplosis  holotricha  on,  382. 
Schizomyia  caryaecola  on,  373. 
Trotteria  caryae  on,  318. 
Carya  olivaeformis,  gall  on,  152. 
Castanea  sativa,  gall  on,  130. 
Catalpa,    Cecidomyia    catalpae    on, 

382,  414- 
Catocha,  308;   key  to   species,   309. 
americana,   308,   309. 
muscicola,  309. 
sambuci,  see  Lestremia. 
slossonae,  308,  309. 
solidaginis,  see  Lestremia. 
spiraeina,  see  Lestremia. 
sylvestris,  see   Lestremia. 
Cattleya    gigas,    Clinodiplosis    cat- 

tleyae    on,    382,    411,    412. 
Ceanothus,    Asphondylia    ccanotlii 
on,   377- 
Cincticornia  ccanolhi  on,  373. 
Cecidobia    salicicola,    147. 
Cecidomyia,    386,    412-15;    key    to 
species,  412-15. 
acarivora,  53. 

See  also   Mycodiplosis. 
acerina,  see  Arthrochodax. 
acernea,    see   Clinodiplosis. 
agraria,  413. 

alticola,  see  RIiop.Tlnmyi.i. 
americana,  413. 
angulata,  see  Mycodiplosis. 
antcnnariac,  sec   Rhopalomyia. 
.•^nttnnata,  414. 

anthophila,  see   Rliopali)inyia. 
apicalis,  413. 


Cecidomyia    {continued) 
apocyni,    382,   414. 

asteris,  see  Lestodiplosis. 

canadensis,   394. 

carolinae,   see    Lestodiplosis. 

carpini,  see   Clinodiplosis. 

caryae,    see    Clinodiplosis;     Hor- 
momyia. 

catalpae,   382,  414. 

cerasifolia,    302. 

See   also    Mycodiplosis. 
clavula,  see  Lasioptera. 

claytoniac,  415. 

coryli,   sec   Clinodiplosis. 

destructor,  see  Mayetiola. 

emarginata,  413. 

eupatorii,  see   Lestodiplosis. 

excavationis,    415. 

explicata,  413. 

farinosa,  see  Lasioptera. 

filicis,  3S5. 
See  also  Arthrocnodax. 

flavomarginata,  see  Lestodiplosis. 

flavoscuta,  415. 

floricola,  302,  386,  403. 

foliora,  384,  415. 

fragariac,  413. 

fraxini,  see  Arthrocnodax. 

hicoriae,  see  Lestodiplosis. 

hirtipcs,    see    Rhopalomyia. 

holotricha,   see   Hormomyia. 

hudsoni,  414. 

incisa,   sec   Arth^(^onodax. 

inlirma,  413. 

juni])crina,  sec   Lcstodii)losis. 

karncrensis,  386,  404. 
See  also   Odontodiplosis, 

lobata,  386,  405. 

macrofila,  302-3. 
See  also   Arthrocnodax. 

miiltifiia.   sec   Dichrodiplosis. 

ncgnndinis,   394. 

nixoni,  414. 

obcsa,   386,  410. 

orhicnlata,   386,   411. 

pancilili,    413. 

pcrocculta,   see    Mayrliola. 

photophila,    386. 
Sec   aJso    Criar(U)nivi.'i. 


INDEX  TO  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


517 


I 


Cecidomyia    (continued) 

pilulae,    see    Cincticornia. 

piperitae,    303. 

quercina,   414. 
See  also   Dichrodiplosis. 

racemicola,  see   Rhopalomyia. 

ramuscula,  see    Ncolasioptera. 

recurvata,  413. 

resinicola,  383,  4T2,  414. 

rigidae,  see  Mayetiola. 

rubrascuta,   see    Clinodiplosis. 

rugosa,  see   Lestodiplosis. 

ruricola,  413. 

sambuci,  see  Ncolasioptera. 

sanguinia,  413. 

scrophulariae,    303. 

See  also   Lestodiplosis. 

setariae,  303-4,  414. 

setigera,    394. 

spiraeaflorae,  282,  384,  414. 

subtruncata,  see   Clinodiplosis. 

sylvestris,    see    Arthrocnodax. 

tecomiae,  384,  414. 

terrestris,    413. 

tolhurstae,   414. 

toxicodendri,  386,  405. 

triangularis,   see   Lestodiplosis. 

tritici,  38s,  414. 

tsugae,  see   Lestodiplosis. 

ttibicola,   see   Hormomyia. 

urticae,  400. 

urtifolia,  385,  414. 

viburni,  385. 
Cecidomyiidae,     9,     51,     53;      new 

species,   50,   286;   studies  in,   286- 

335;  circumfili  of,  305-7;  keys  to 

subfamilies  and  tribes,  307. 
Cecidomyiinae,  305,  307. 
Celastrus,      Ncolasioptera      celastri 

on,  318. 
Celery  blight  and  scale,  50. 
Celithemis,   255. 

Celtis,     Mayetiola    ccltiphyllia    on, 
357,    371. 

occidentalis,    gall    on,    130. 
Ccphalanthus,      Rhabdopbaga     ccph- 
alanthi  on,  336,  355. 

occidentalis,  galls  on,   130. 
Ceplialoneon,  148. 
Cerasi  crumena,  139. 


Ccratopogon,  264,  265-66. 
barbicornis,    265. 
bipunctatus,  265. 
communis,   265. 
eques,   266,   303. 
ornata,    267. 

peregrinus,   169,  266,  284. 
specnlaris,   266. 
Ceratopogoninae,  key  to,  264. 
Chasmatonotus,     key     to     species, 
274. 
bimaculatus,  274. 
fascipennis,  274. 
hyalinus,   274. 
unimaculatus,  274. 
univittatus,  274. 
Cherry  tree,    Contarinia  virginianiae 
on,  383,  392. 
galls  on,  139. 
Lasioptera     serotina     on,     320, 

326. 
Lestodiplosis     cerasi     on,     383, 

407- 
Mycodiplosis       cerasifoHa       on, 

383,  400. 
Ncolasioptera    sexmaculata   on, 
320. 
injurious    insects:     Archips     sor- 
biana,  46. 
peach   borer,   lesser,   32. 
Chestnut,     Miastor    americana    on, 
286,  316. 
injurious    insects:     linden    moth, 
snow-white,  25,  27. 
peach   borer,   lesser,   32. 
Chestnut,  European,  gall  on,  13a. 
Chionaspis    furfura,   35,   50,   51,   52, 

S3- 
Chionea  valga,  207. 
Chironomidae,  8,  170,  171,  178,  183- 

86,   187,  264-85,  306. 
Chironominae,  274. 
Chironomus,      169,      171;      key      to 
species,   276-78. 
albimanus,  284. 
albistria,  278,  281. 
annularis,  277. 
attcnuatus,    277. 
barbipes,    279. 
brachialis,  280,   284. 


5iB 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Chironomus    (continued) 
caliginosus,   277,   279. 
calopterus,  276. 
compes,  277. 
confinis,  281. 
connexus,  281. 
cristatus,  277,  279. 
decorus,  279. 
devinctiis,    279,    284. 
dorsalis,  284. 
exquisitus,    276. 
fascipes,  278. 
flaviventris,   278. 
frequens,   280,  284. 
hirtipcs,    278,    280,    284. 
hyperboreus,    277,    284. 
ithacanensis,  277,  279. 
labeculosus,    276. 
leptopus,   281. 
lineatus,   280,   284. 
longimanus,    281. 
lucifer,  278. 
lugens,  281. 
lugubris,  281. 
maturiis,  277,  279. 
modcstus,   284. 
naevus,   276. 

nccdhamii,  276,  278,  2S4. 
nephopterus,  276,  280,  284. 
nigricans,  284. 
niveipennis,   277. 
nubeculosus,   276,    278-79. 
pcrpulcher,    276. 
plumosus,    277. 
pocciloptcrus,  276. 
prasinus,  277. 
rcdcuns?,  277,  279. 
riparius,  277,  279. 
scalaeniis,   278. 
similis,    277,    284. 
staegeri,   277. 
stylifera,   278,  281. 
taeniapennis,    276. 
tenclliis,  2'^4. 
trnfans.  277. 
virfdicollis,    187. 
7onoptcriis,    276. 
Chlocon,   188. 
mendax,  190. 
vicinum,   190. 


Chloroperla,    1C9. 

bilineata,    170. 
Chokecherry,      Cccidomyia     cerasi- 
folia  on,  302. 
galls  on,   127,  140. 
Choristoneura,    322,    334. 
abnormis,  see  Baldratia. 
albitarsis,   see   Neolasioptera. 
albomaculata,   see   Baldratia. 
basalis,  see  Neolasioptera. 
caryae,  see  Trottcria. 
cinera,  see  Neolasioptera. 
clematidis,   287-88. 

See  also  Neolasioptera. 
erigerontis,  see   Neolasioptera. 
eupatorii,    see     Neolasioptera     eu- 

patorii. 
flavohinata,  see  Baldratia. 
hamamelidis,    see    Neolasioptera. 
hamata,    see    Neolasioptera. 
Helena    (Neolasioptera),  288. 
helianthi,  288-89. 

See    also    Neolasioptera. 
hibisci,  see  Neolasioptera  hibisci. 
lacviana,     see    Baldratia. 
liriodendri,    see    Neolasioptera. 
modesta,    see    Baldratia. 
paniculata,    see    Baldratia. 
pcrfoliata,    see    Neolasioptera. 
solani,   see   Neolasioptera. 
Choroterpes,  188. 
hasalis,   192. 
betteni,  194. 
Chrosonuis    erythrogaster,    food    of, 

183-86. 
Chrysops    vittatiis,    171. 
Chydorus,    179. 
Cicada,    periodical,    48. 
Cincticornia,  306,  373,  379;   l^^y   to 
species,  380. 
americana,   374,  3S0,  38 1. 
canadensis,    380. 
caryae,  373.  380. 
ccanotlii,   ;^73. 
connccta,   381. 
nuiltifila.   380. 
I)iliilac,  374,   380,  381. 
qiicrci folia,  374,  380. 
rhoina,  381. 


INDEX  TO  REPORT  OE  THE  STATE  ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


519 


Cincticornia    (continued) 
serrata,   374,  380. 
sobrina,  380,  381. 
transversa,  380. 
Cinquefoil,  prairie,  gall  on,  138. 
Circumfili    of    the    Cecidomyiidae, 

305-7- 
Citrus  aurantium,  gall  on,  130. 

medica  limon,  gall  on,  131. 
Cladocera,    176-77,    179. 
Cladolipes,  227. 
Cladoneura,  229. 
Cladura,  242,  245. 
Classification      of      Tipulidae      or 

craneflies,  239. 
Clematis,    Contarinia  clematidis  on, 
382,  393- 
Dasyneura     clematidis     on,    336, 

344,  345- 
Lestodiplosis    clematiflorae   on, 

382,  409. 
Neolasioptera     clematidis     on, 
318,   331- 
sp.,  gall  on,  131. 

virginiana,    Choristoneura   clemati- 
dis on,  288. 
Dasyneura  clematidis  on,  336. 
Clinodiplosis,     386,     411;     key     to 
species,   411. 
acernea,  411. 
carpini,  412. 
caryae,  382,  411. 
cattleyae,  382,  411,  412. 
coryli,   411. 
extensa,  412. 
florida,  411. 
montana,  412. 
pratensis,   412. 
rubisolita,  412. 
rubrascuta,  411. 
subtruncata,   412. 
triangularis,     411. 
Clinorhyncha,   322,   333 ;   key   to   spe- 
cies, 333. 
chrysanthemi,  333. 
enpatoriflorae,  319,  333. 
filicis,   3T9,   333. 
karnerensis,    321,    333. 
millefolii,  318,  333- 
Closterium,    181. 


Clover,      Dasyneura      leguminicoia 
on,  338,  349,  350. 
trifolii  on,  338,  348. 
Clover,    red,   Rhabdophaga   praten- 
sis on,  353. 
Clover  hay  worm,  45. 
Cnidocampa    flavescens,    52,    53. 
Collection  of  insects,  contributions 

to,   56-60. 
Colomyia,  420. 

Colpodia,    415,    416,    417;     key    to 
species,  416. 

alta,  416. 

carolinae,  417. 

diervillae,    417. 

graminis,  416. 

longimana,  416. 

maculata,  416. 

pectinata,  417. 

pinea,  416. 

pratensis,  416. 

sanguinia,  416. 

temeritatis,  416. 

terrena,   416. 

trifolii,   417. 
Comptonia,    Janetiella    asplenifolia 

on,  357,  372. 
Conosia,    225,    226,    230,    233,    23d, 

242. 
Contarinia,   306,   385,   389,   390;   k;.\ 
to   species,   391. 

agrimoniae,  302,  381,  392. 

ampelophila,   393. 

ananassi,  384,  392. 

balsamifera,  393. 

clematidis,    382,    393. 

divaricata,   392. 

erratica,  391. 

flavolinea,    392. 

gossypii,  383,  392. 

hudsonici,  393. 

Hriodendri,   383,   393- 

maculosa,  393. 

negundifolia,  383,  394. 

perfoliata,  383,  391- 

pyrivora,   384,   393- 

quercifolia,  384,  391. 

rumicis,    384,   392. 

sambucifolia,  392. 

setigera,  383. 


t;20 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Contarinia    {continued) 

sorghicola,  384,  393. 

trifolii,  391. 

truncata,  393. 

viatica,  393. 

virginianiae,  383,  392. 

viridiflava,  392. 
Convolvulus,     Lasioptera    convolvuli 

on,  318,  326. 
Copepoda,  176-77,  178,  179. 
Coquillettomyia,   398. 

dentata,  398. 

lobata,  398. 

texana,  382,  398. 
Cordulegaster,   260. 

sp.,  195. 
Cordulegasteridae,  263. 
Cordulia,  261. 

shurtleffi,  196,  260. 
Cordulines,    163. 
Cordylura    capillata,    171. 
Corn,  white  grubs  injuring,  41,  43. 
Cornus,  Arnoldia  hispida  on,  290. 

Lasioptera  clavula  on,  324. 
corni  on,  318,  z^i,  324- 

Neolasioptera   cornicola    on,   310, 
222. 
Cornus   canadensis,   gall   on,    131. 
Correspondence,    11. 
Corylus,  Dasyneura  coryli  on,  2>2^> 
342,  344- 

Mycodiplosis   corylifoiia   on,  382. 

Neolasioptera  basalis  on,  318. 
hamamclidis  on,  318. 
Coryhis  americana,  gall   on,   131. 
Corynoneura,   274. 

atra,  274,  284. 
Cotoneaster    pyracantha,    gall    on, 

131- 
Cotton,       Contarinia    gossypii    on, 

383,  392. 
Cotton  band,  39. 
Crab     apple,     American,     gall     on, 

Cranberry,  Dasyneura  vaccinii  on, 
339,  345. 

Crane  (lies,  161,  199-248;  biblio- 
graphy, 201;  classification,  239; 
key  to  genera,  244-48. 

Cratacgi   vcrmiculus,   131,   133. 


Crataegus,    Arnoldia    absobrina    on, 
289,  537- 

galls  on,  131-32. 

Hormomyia    crataegifolia    on,    382, 
388. 

Lasioptera  excavata  on,  287,  319, 
323,  227. 

Lestodiplosis  crataegifolia  on,  382, 
408. 
florida  on,  382. 

See  also  Thorn. 
Crawfish,    food,    174. 
Cricotopus  bicinctus,  284. 

trifasciatus,  284. 
Cryptolabis,   233,   261. 

paradnxa,  221. 
Cryptorhynchus  lapathi,  54. 
Culicidae,  169,  170,  171. 
Culicoidts,  264,  267. . 

hippocastani,  267. 

punctata.  267. 
Currant,    Mayetiola  californica   on, 

357- 
Cyanophyceae.   181. 
Cylindrotoma,  244. 
Cylindrotomini,    227,    230,    241,    242, 

243.  'M4- 
Cypress,    Contarinia     ananassi    on, 

384. 
Cyttarornyia,   231. 

Dactylocladius,    282. 
Dapanoptera,   237. 
Dasyneura,  307,  336,  339,  340,  368; 
key  to   species,  341. 

aberrata,   346. 

aceri folia,   346,    348. 

adhesa,    291. 
See  also  Camptoncromyia. 

albohirta,  346. 

anipelnphila,   343. 

ancninno,    202,    3'^6,    343,   345. 

angusta,  348. 

antennata,  347. 

npicatus,  227,  2AS- 

attcnuata,  350. 

aurihirta,  342. 

bidcntata,  341- 

borealis,  342. 

brcvicauda,  343. 


INDEX  TO  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  52 1 


Dasyneura  (continued) 
californica,  338,  347. 
canadensis,  336,  347,  350. 
carbonaria,  338,  341. 
caricis,  345. 
carpini,  342. 
cerasi,  see  Arnoldia. 
cirsioni,  346. 
clcmatidis,  336,  344,  345. 
consobrina,   350. 
coryli,   292,   336,   342,   344. 
cyanococci,  292-93,  344. 
denticulata,   347. 
filicis,  344. 
flavescens,  344. 
flavicornis,  345. 
flavoabdominalis,  350. 
flavoscuta,   350. 
flavotibialis,  339,  341. 
florida,    346. 
folliculi,  338,  348. 
fraxinifolia,  293,  337,  341,  343. 
fulva,  349. 
galii,  337,  348. 
glandis,  337,  342. 
gleditschiae,  337,  347. 
graminis,  336,  342. 
hamamelidis,        see        Camptoneu- 

romyia. 
karnerensis,   34T. 
leguminicola,   338,   347,   349,   350. 
lepidii,  337,  346. 
lysimachiae,  3^7,  349,  350. 
maculosa,  341. 
melilotii,   350. 
modesta,   345. 
multianulata,  346. 
pedalis,  350. 
photophila,  343. 
piperitae,  337,  342. 
pseudacaciae,    337,   347,   348. 
pudorosa,  344. 
purpurea,  337,  349. 
quercina,  345. 
rhodophaga,  3J7,  341. 
rhois,  337,  346,  349. 
rosarum,  337,  348. 
rubiflorae,  338,  343. 
rufipedalis,  349. 


Dasyneura  {continued) 

salicifolia,   293,   338,   348,   350. 

scutata,  346. 

serrulatac,   336,  351. 

setosa,  343. 

similis,  346. 

simulator,   344. 

spiraeina,  341. 

trifohi,  338,  344,  348. 

tumidosae,  337,  346. 

ulmea,  339,  349. 

unguicula,   344. 

vaccinii,  339,  345. 

vernalis,  341. 

virginica,   see    Camptoneuromyia. 

vitis,  339,  341. 

yuccae,  339,  343. 
Dasj'neuriariae,    308,    335;    key    to 

genera,     339;     host     plants     and 

galls.  336. 
Dasyptera,  243. 

Dasystoma  flava,  gall  on,  132." 
Datana  ministra,   52. 
Dentifibula,    385,    389,    390;    key   to 
species,   389. 

caryae,   389. 

cocci,   382,   389. 

viburni,   389. 
Desmidium,    181. 
Desmids,   iSi. 
Desmodium,     Lasioptcra     desmodii 

on,  319. 
Diaptomus,  182. 
Diarthronomyia,  339. 

artemisiae,  336,  339. 
Diatoms,   182. 
Diazoma,  242. 

Dichrodiplosis,     38=;,     304;      key     to 
species,  394. 

androgynes,   394. 

multifila,  300,  394. 

podophyllae,   386,   399. 
See  also   Youngomyia. 

populi,  383,  394- 

quercina,  300-r,  384,  394. 
Dicronomyia,     169,     228,     231,     235, 
243,  247,  248. 

badia,  204. 

cinerea,  228,  248. 


;22 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Dicroncmyia    (continued) 

defuncta,   i/O. 

immodesta,  228. 

longipennis,  248. 

morioides,  204. 

simulans,     205;     life     history-   of, 
214-17. 

whartoni,  211-12,   228,  248. 
Dicranoptycha,  247. 
Dicranota,  213,  231,  242,  245. 
Didymops,  257,  260,  261. 

transversa,  196. 
Diervilla,      Asphondylia      diervillao 
on,  373,  377- 

Lasioptera    caulicola   on,    319,   325. 
Diospyros  virginiana,  gall  on,   132. 
Diotrepha,  231,  234,  243. 
Diplocladius,  282. 
Diplopappus,       Neolasioptera       albi- 

tarsis  on,  318,  319,  333- 
Diplosariae,  308,  381 ;  hosts  and  host 

plants,  of,   381-8;;    key  to   genera, 

385-86. 
Diplosids,  305,  306. 
Diplosis     cucumeris,     see     Aphido- 
letes. 

farinosa,   see   Lasioptera. 

violicola,    see    Mayetiola. 
Diptera,    170,   199-248. 
Dirhiza,     415,     419,     420;      key      to 
species,  419. 

canadensis,  420. 

hamata,  419. 

montana,  420. 

niultiarliculata,  420. 

photophila,  420. 

sylvestris,   419. 
Discobola,  232,  247. 

argus,  204. 
Dixa,  236. 

Dock,  Contarinia  rumicis  on,  384. 
Dogbane,      Lestodiplosis     apocyni- 

florae  on,  382,  409. 
Dogwood,     Lasioptera     corni     on, 

318. 
Dolichopcza,  211,  233. 

amcricana,  211. 
Dolichopczinae,   240. 
Dolichopodidac,  169,  171. 
Dolichopvis  scoparius,   171. 


Doryphora    decimlincata,    55. 
Dragon  flies,  173,  174,  176;  at  Old 

Forge,     195-98;    appendages,    249- 

63;  bibliography,  263. 
Dromogomphus  spinosus,   195. 
Dutchman's  pipe,   gall  on,   127. 

Edonis   helena,   250. 

Elder,   Arthrocnodax    sambuci folia 

on,  384. 
Asphondylia  sambuci  on,  374. 

gall  on,  119,  147. 

Neolasioptera  sambuci  on,  3.^1. 
Elephantomyia,   westwoodi,   205,  247. 
Elliptera,  243,  247. 
Elm,     Dasyneura     ulmca     on,    339, 
349- 

galls  on,  149-50. 

linden  moth  injuring,  24,  27. 

Mayetiola  ulmi  on,  358. 
Elm  leaf  beetle,  6,  9,  39,  52,  53.  54- 
Elodes  virginica,   gall   on,   149. 
Empeda,  231,  246. 
Empididae,    169,   171. 
Enallagma  exsulans,  198. 

hageni,   19S. 
Enarmonia  prunivora,  32-33. 
Ennomos   subsignarius,   8,   23-28. 
Entomostraca,    178,    179.    182.    183- 

86,  187. 
Ephedra,     Lasioptera     cj)hc(lricol.\ 

on,   319,  326,  327. 
Ephelia,  232. 
Ephcrncra,  178. 

varia,   193. 
Ephemerella,   161,   i6g,   188. 

dorothea,  170,  189,  190-91. 
Ephemeridae,    188-94. 
Epiaeschna,  256. 
Epidiplosis,  386,  406-7. 

sayi,  386,  406. 
Epidosariae,   306,  308,   415;    key   to 

genera,  415. 
Epiphragma,  231,  245. 

fascipennis,   201. 
Epitrimcrus  pyri,    141. 
Epizcuxis  acmula,  45. 

denticnlalis,  45. 

lubricalis,   45. 


INDEX  TO  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


523 


Eragrostis,      Neolasioptera     agrostis 

on,  331- 
Erigeron,     Baldratia    modesta    on, 
319,  328,  329. 

Neolasioptera    erigerontis    on,   319, 
332. 
Erincum,  on  Acer,  key  to,  124. 

acerinum,  120,  123,  124. 

alneum,    125. 

alnigerum,     125,  126. 

alni-incani,   126. 

anomalum,   135. 

aureum,    129,    137. 

betulinum,  128,  129. 

fagincum,  132,  133. 

ferrugineum,   132,   133. 

griseum,    122. 

juglandinum,    136. 

lineola,  128. 

luteolum,  120,     121,  122,  124. 

nervisequum,   133. 

platanoideum,  122,   124. 

populinum,    137. 

pruni,   140. 

purpurascens,  122,   123,  124. 

pyracanthae,  131. 

quercinum,   143. 

quercus-cinereae,    143. 

roseum,  122,  128. 

semydophilum,    129. 

sorbeum,    147. 

tortuosa,   125. 

vitis,    150,    151. 
Eriocera,  229,  247. 
Eriophyes,    130. 

sp.,   151. 

abnormis,  148,  151. 

acericola,  121,   123,  124,  152. 

acnigma,    146,    147. 

avellanae,  131. 

brevitarsus,  125. 

caulis,   135. 

cephalanthi,   130. 

crataegi,    132. 

fraxini,  134. 

fraxiniflora,    134. 

laevis,  126. 

malifoliae,  141. 

marginatus,   144,   147. 


Eriophyes      (continued) 
nyssae,   136. 
oleivorus,  130. 
padi,  139. 
phloeocoptes,   139. 
populi,  138. 
pruni,   138. 
purpurascens,  152. 
pyri,  141,  153. 

variolata,  141. 
quadripes,  120,  121,  124. 
querci,   142. 
ryderi,  124. 

salicola,  144,  145,  146,  147. 
semen,    146,    147. 
serotinae,  140. 
similis,  141. 

tetanothrix  laevis,  145,  147. 
tetratrichus,    138. 
thujae,  148. 
tristriatus,    136. 
ulmi,  149. 
vitis,  151. 
Erioptera,  246. 
arniata,  221. 
caloptera,  221. 
chlorophylla,  161,  221. 
venusta,  2;22. 
Eriopterinae,  242. 
Eriopterini,  225,  230,  235. 
Eupatorium      ageratoides,      Lestodi- 
plosis  eupatorii  on,  38-',  410. 
Neolasioptera   eupatorii    on,   319, 
333- 
perfoliatum 

Clinorhyncha         eupatoriflorae 

on,  319,  333- 
Contarinia    perfoliata    on,    383, 

391. 
Neolasioptera      perfoliata      on, 
319,  332. 
purpureum,     Dasyncura     purpurea 
on,  337. 
Euphorbia  corollata,  gall  on,  132. 
Euproctis  chrysorrhoea,  50,  52,  53. 
Euthamia      lanceolata,      Asphondylia 
monacha    on,    374,    376. 
Baldratia      carbonifcra      on,      321, 
328. 


524 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Euthaniia    lanceolata     {continued) 
Lasioptera  flavescens  on,  321. 
Rhopalomyia  fusiformis  on,  358, 
364,  365,  366. 
lanceolata  on,  358,  367,  368. 
lobata    on,   358,    366. 
pedicellata  on,  358,  365,  366. 
Everlasting,       Asohondylia       anten- 

nariae  on,  272. 
Explanation  of  plates,  423. 

Fagus  americana,  gall  on  132,  152. 

sylvatica,  gall  on,    133. 
Fern,      Clinorhynchus      filicis      on, 

319,  333- 
Lobopteromyia  consobrina  on,  390. 
filicis  on,  390. 
Fidia  viticida,  36-38,  52,  54- 
Fiery  ground  beetle,  22. 
Fig  eater,  42. 

Figs,  June  beetle  injuring,  43. 
Figures  and  plates   of: 
Amalopis  sp.  ,  472. 
calcar,   472. 
inconstans,    472. 
Amphineurus   australica,   460. 
Ancylus    nubcculana,   426. 
Anisomcra  niegaccra,-  474. 
Anisota   rubicunda,    15,   424. 
Antocha   opalizans,  480. 
Aphidoletes  hamamelidis,  396,  49G. 
Asphondylia  monacha,  375,  494- 
Asynapta  cerasi,  500. 
Atarba    picticornis,   480. 
Baldratia    fuscoanulata,  490. 
Bittacnmorplia  clavipes,   452. 
Bracliyncura  americana,  488. 
Brcmia    filicis,  395,  496- 
Caniptoncuromyia    adhcsa,   490. 
Campylomyza  bryanti,  488. 
carpini,  488. 
lignivora,   313. 
Catncha  americana,  309. 

slossonac,   488. 
Cliorotcrpcs  bcttcni,  4.12. 
Cinclicornia    transversa,   379.   404- 
Cladonrura   willistoni,   466. 
Cladura    indivisa,   466. 


Figures  and   plates  of:     (continued) 
Clinodiplosis  caryae,   506. 

coryli,  498. 
Clinorhyncha    millefolii,    490. 
Colpodia  carolinae,   508. 

longimana,  508. 

trifolii,   5CO. 
Conosia   irroratus,  404. 
Contarinia  pyrivora,  391,  496. 
Cryptolabis   paradox,   482. 
Ctenophora  sp.,  454. 
Cylindrotonia    distinctissima,    452. 
Cyttaroniyia  cancellata,  452. 
Dapanoptera   plenipcnnis,   478. 
Dasyneura  bidentata,  492. 
_  flavotibialis,  492. 

photophila,   492. 

trifolii,    492. 
Dcntifibula  caryae,  498. 
Diarthronomyia   artemisiae,  490. 
Dicranomyia  cinerea,  476. 

imniodesta,  476. 

simulans,   216,  217,   444. 

whartoni,  476. 
Dicranoptycba   germana,   476. 
Dicranola  rivularis,  460. 
Dioptrepba  mirabilis,  480. 
Dirliiza  canadensis,  500. 

hamafa,   419. 
Discobola   argns,   478. 
Dolichopcza  americana,  454. 
Dragon    flies,    250,    251,    254,    255, 

256,  257,  258,  260. 
Edonis   hclcna,  250. 
Elepbantomyia   wcstwoodi,  480. 
Empeda  nubila,  482. 
Ennomos    snbsignarius,   424. 
F,i)IiomcTi'lla   dorothea,  442. 
I'lpipliragnia    fascipennis,    201,    460, 

484.  486. 
Erinccra   longicnrnis,   474. 
Erioptcra   armata,  j\C>^. 

caloptcra,  468. 

scptcmtrionis,  468. 

venusta,   468. 

villosa,  468. 
Eutonia  barbipcs,  462. 
Gcranomyia  canadensis,  476. 


INDEX  TO  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  525 


Figures  and  plates  of:     (continued) 
Giardomyia   pliotopliila,  498. 
Goniodineura    nigriccps,    478. 
Goniomyia   blanda,  470. 

cognatella,  470. 

sulphurella,  470. 
Gonphomyia  tristissima,  470. 
Gynoplistia  wakefieldi,  462. 
Habrophlebia    vibrans,    442. 
Helobia  punctipennis,  470. 
Hetermynia  ryderi,   163. 
Holoneurus  altifilus,  500. 
Hormomyia  americana,  387. 

atlantica,  496. 

tubicola,   496. 
Idioplasta  fitchi,  452. 
Janetiella   asplenifolia,  494. 

nodosa,   494. 
Joanissia  photophila,  312,  488. 
Johnsonomyia  rubra,  500. 
Karshomyia  viburni,  399,  498,  504. 
Lechria    singularis,   460. 
Lestodiplosis  crataegifolia,   490. 
Lestremia   sylvestris,   488. 
Leucobrephos  brephoides,  426. 
Libnotes   notata,  478. 

thwaitesianana,   478. 
Limnobia  cinctipes,  482. 
Limnophila  adusta,  458. 

brevifurca,  450. 

fuscovaria,  458. 

montana,  448. 

munda,   458. 

poetica,  458. 

quadrata,  458. 

toxoneura,  458. 
Liogma  nodicornis,  452. 
Lipsothrix  remota,  462. 
Lobodiplosis  acerina,  498,   502. 

quercina,  502. 
Lobopteromyia    abdominalis,   498. 

tiliac,   498. 
Macrochile  spectrum,  450. 
Mayetiola  thalictri,  494. 
Megistocera   fuscana,   454. 
Microcerata  pcrplexa,  488. 
Molophilus    hirtipennis,    466. 
Mongoma   fragillima,  464. 

manca,  470. 
Mycodiplosis    alternata,  498. 


Figures  and   plates  of:     {continued). 
Neolasioptera  hibisci,  490. 
Obolodiplosis  orbiculata,   506. 
Oligotrophus   betulae,  494. 
Orimarga    anomala,    450. 
Oropeza  annularis,  454. 
Ozodicera   griseipennis,   456. 
Palaeopoecilostola  sp.  ?,  462. 
Paratropeza  singularis,  464. 
Pedicia  albivitta,  201,  474. 
Penthoptera  albitarsis,  446. 
Peripheroptera  nitens,  478. 
Phalacroccra  tipulina,  444. 
Phyllolabis   obscurus,   474. 
Plectromyia  modesta,  482. 
Plusiomyia  gracilis,  456. 
Podoneura   anthracogramma,   464. 
Poecilostola  pallcns    462. 
Polyangaeus  maculatus,  472. 
Polymera  albitarsis,  464. 
Polymorio   lutea,  464. 
Porricondyla  Carolina,  5C0. 

flava,  SCO. 

hamata,  500,     510. 

pini,   510. 
Potomanthus  diaphanus,  442. 
Ptilogyna  ramicornis,  456. 
Ptj'choptera   rufocincta,   452. 
Raphidolabis  tenuipes,  201. 
Rhabdinobrochus    extinctus,   456.. 
Rhabdophaga   acerifolia,  492. 

batatas,    492. 

consobrina,  492. 

populi,  492. 
Rhamphidia  fiavipes,  450. 
Rhaphidolabis   tenuipes,  448,   4O0. 
Rliicnoptila   wodzickii,   482. 
Rhipidia  maculata,  476. 
Rhopalomyia   fusiformis,  490. 

hirtipes,   490. 

major,  490. 

truncata,  496. 
Rhypholophus    monticola,    466. 

nigripilus,  466. 

nubilus,  446,  460. 
Sackenomyia   acerifolia,   361,  494. 
Scamboneura   dotata,  454. 
Schizomyia  altifila,  378. 

rubi,  378. 

viburni,   494. 


C.20 


NKW    VOKK    SlAI 


Figures  and   plates  of:     (continued) 
Semnotes  ducalis,  45b. 
Styringomyia  sp.,   474. 
Tanyderus  pictus,  450. 
Teucholabis  gracilis,  480. 
Tinemyia    margaritifera,    462. 
Tipula  abdominalis,   199. 

flavicans,  200. 

tenuis,   454. 
Tipulidae,  218,   220,  223,   225,  234, 

235- 

Toxorrhina    muliebris,    480. 

Trichocera  brumalis?  460. 

Trimicria  pilipes,  474. 

Trotteria   subfuscata,   335. 
tarsata,   490. 

Ula  sp.,  472. 
clegans,  472. 

Walshomyia  junipcrina,   359,   360. 

Winnertzia    ampclophila,    422,    500. 
calciequina,  422. 

Xiphura  frontalis,  450. 

Youngomyia  rubida,  504. 

Zalusa  falklandica,  482. 
Figwort,    Lestodiplosis   scrophulariae 

on,  384,  409. 
Filicis,   Clinorhynchus   filicis   on,   319. 
Fish   food,  studies  on,   172. 
Five-finger,  gall  on'  138. 
Fleas,  51. 

Forest  insects,  7-8. 
Forest  tent  caterpillar,   13,   17. 
Foxglove,  downy  false,  gall  on,  132. 
Fraxinus,    Arnoldia    fraxinifolia    on, 

337- 
Cecidoniyia  canadensis  on,  394. 
Dasyneura  apicatus  on,  337. 
fraxinifolia  on,    337. 
tuniidosae  on,  :^;^7. 
galls  on,  134,   135- 
Lasioptera   fraxinifolia  mi,   319. 
Ivcstodiplosis   fraxinifolia  on,  ^H,^. 
(•"rontina   frcnchii,    16. 
Fruit  tree  insects,  5-6,  25,  31-38. 

Galerucella  hitcnla,  39,  52,  53,  54- 
fialinni,  Dasyneura  galii  on,  337,  348. 
Gall  gnats,  51. 
r.all  midges,  8-9. 
Gallinippers,  200. 


Gammarus,   163. 
Geranomyia,  248. 

canadensis,  203,  214. 
Giardomyia,     386,     405~6;     I^O'      to 
species,  405-6. 
cmarginata,  405. 
hudsonica,  406. 
menthae,  383,  405. 
montana,  406. 
noveboracensis,  405. 
photophila,  405. 
Gipsy  moth,  7>  5o,  5-.  53,  55- 
Gleditschia,     Dasyneura     glcditscliiae 

on,  337,  347- 
Gnophomyia,  246. 

Goldenrod,  Asphondylia  jolinsoni  on, 
374- 
nionacha  on,  317,  374. 
Baldratia  abnorniis   on,  321. 
albomaculata   on,   321. 
asterifoliae  on,  321. 
carbonifera    on,   321. 
convoluta  on,  321. 
flavoanulata  on,  321. 
rosea  on,  321. 
rubra  on,  321. 
socialis  on,  321. 
tubcrculata  on,   321. 
Camptoneuromyia  adliC'-a  on,  317. 
Dasyneura  carbonaria   on,  33S. 

folliculi  on,  338. 
I.asioptera  argentisquaniac  on,  321. 
cylindrigallc  on,  321. 
dorsimaculata  on,  321. 
flavcscens  on,  321. 
hamata  on,  321. 
subfuscata  on,  321. 
tuniilica   on,   321. 
Lestodiplosis  solidaginis  on,  384. 

trianj^ularis  on,   384. 
Oligotroiiluis  inquilinus  en.  358. 
Rliopalomyia  albipennis  on,  358. 
antliophila  on,  358. 
capitata  on,  358. 
Carolina  on,  358. 
cruziana  on,  358. 
inquisitor  on,  358. 
raccmicola    on,  358. 
Sec  also  Solidago. 
Gompliaescbna,  260. 


INDEX  TO  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  527 


Gomphidae,  254,  255,  263. 
Gomphidia,  258. 
Gomphoides,  256. 
stigmatus,  258. 
Gomphus,  260. 
sp.?,   195. 
spicatus,    195. 
ventricosus,   164,    195. 
villosipes,  195. 
Goniodineura,  237. 
Gonomyia,  227,  242,  243,  246. 
Gossvpium,    Contarinia    gossypii    on, 

383. 
Grape  root  worm,  6,  36-38,  52,  54. 
Grapevine,    Arnoldia    vitis    injuring, 
339- 
Baldratia  petiolicola  on,  322,  328. 
Dasyneura  vitis  on,  339,  341. 
galls  on,  150,  151. 
Janetiella  brevicauda  on,  359. 
June  beetle  injuring,  43. 
Lasioptera  basiflava  on,  322. 

vitis  on,  322. 
Xeolasioptera  vitinea  on,   322,  331, 

322. 
Schizomyia  coryloides  on,  374,  379. 
petiolicola  on,  374. 
pomum  on,  374,  379. 
Grass,    Baldratia    muhlenbergiae    on, 
319,  329. 
squamosa  on,  319. 
white    grubs    injuring,   41. 
Gr.-iss,    foxtail,    Cecidomyia    setariae 

on,  304. 
Grass,  June,  Dasyneura  graminis  on, 

342. 
Green  striped  maple  worm,  7,   13-21, 

22,  27. 
Gryllotalpa  borealis,  55. 
Guticrrezia,  Rhopalomyia  gutierreziae 

on.  ?,S7.  2>(^7,  368. 
Gynoplistia,   226. 

Habrophlebia  americana,   192. 

vibrans,   192-93. 
Hackberry,  gall  on,  130. 

Mayetiola   celtiphyllia,    357. 
Haematomyidium,  267. 
Hagenius   brevistylus,    195. 
Haplobasis,  246. 


Haw,   red,  gall  on,   131. 

Hawthorn,     large-fruited,    gall     on, 

131-32. 
Hazel,  Archips  sorbiana  injuring,  46. 
Dasyneura  coryli  on,  292,  2ii^. 
gall  on,   131. 
Mycodiplosis     corylifolia     on,    301, 

382. 
Neolasioptera  basalis  on,  318. 
hamamelidis  on,  318. 
Helenium,     Asphondylia     autumnalis 

on,  2,72,,  377- 
Helianthus,     Asphondylia     conspicua 
on,  372,  277- 
globosus  on,  2,72,  277- 
helianthiflorae  on,  2,^2,  376. 
Choristoneura  helianthi  on,  289. 
Lasioptera  weldi  on,  319,  326. 
Neolasioptera     helianthi     on,     319, 
332. 
Heliozoans,  182. 
Helobia,  229,  231,  246. 

punctipennis,  171,  207. 
Helocordulia  uhleri,  196. 
Hemerocampa     leucostigma,    17,    38, 

52,  53- 
Hemerodromia  scapularis,  171. 

valida,   171. 
Hemiptera,  172. 
Heptagenia,   161,  169,   170,  188. 
interpunctata,   193. 
pulchella,  193. 
Hessian  fly,  8,  369. 
Heterocampa  guttivitta,  21-23. 
Heteromyia,   264,  269. 

fasciata,  269. 
Heteropezinae,  307,  316. 
Hibiscus,     Neolasioptera    hibisci    on 

320,  222- 
Hickory,  Cincticornia  caryae  on,  373, 
380. 
Clinodiplosis  caryae  on,  382,  411. 
Dentifibula  caryae  on,  389. 
Hormomyia 
arcuaria  on,  382,  388. 
caryae  on,  382. 
holotricha  on,  382. 
thompsoni   on,   382,   388. 
tubicola  on,  382. 
linden  moth  injuring,  25,  27. 


528 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Hickory   (continued) 

Mycodiplosis  holotricha  on,  382. 

Schizomyia     caryaecola     on,     373, 
378. 

Trotteria  caryae  on,  318. 

whiteheart,  gall  on,  135. 
Hickory  gall  aphid,  55. 
Hicoria  alba,  gall  on,  135. 

pecan,  gall  on,  152. 
Hill  collection  of  Lepidoptera,  10,  57, 

61-117. 
Holoneurus,  415,  420;  key  to  species, 
420. 

altifilus,  420. 

elongatus,  420. 

mnltinodus,  420. 
Holopedium   gibberum,    161. 
Holorusia,  223,  236. 
Honey      locust,      Dasyneura      gledi- 

tischiae  on,  227- 
Honeysuckle,   Asphondylia    diervillae 
on,  373. 

Lasioptera  caulicola  on,  319. 
Hop,     Lasioptera     humulicaulis     on, 

320,  326. 
Hoplolabis,  231,  232. 

armata,  232. 

See  also  Erioptera. 
Hordeum,    Mayetiola    destructor    on, 

357- 
Hormomyia,    385,    387;    key    to    spe- 
cies, 387. 

americana,  305,  387. 

arcuaria,  382,  388. 

atlantica,  387. 

canadensis,  381,  388. 

caryae,  382,  388. 

clarkei,  384,  388. 

consobrina,  299,   387. 

crataegi folia.  382,  388. 

holotricha,  382,  389. 

johnsoni,  299-300,   388. 

necdhami,  387. 

paliistris,  300.  387. 

thompsnni,  382,  388. 

tutncnla.  382,  38??. 
TTorsc-chrctnnt,    linden    moth    injur- 
ing, 24,  27. 


Horseweed,    Baldratia    modcsta    on, 
319- 

Xeolasioptera  erigerontis  on,  319. 
Humulus,     Lasioptera      humulicaulis 

on,  320. 
Hydrangeae,    Asphondylia    hydrang- 

eae  on,  296,  373,  377. 
Hydrobaenus,  274. 
Hydropsyche,  215. 
Hydropyschidae,   161,    169. 
Hydroptilidae,  170,  215. 
Hymenoptera,   219. 
Hyperdiplosis,  386,  405. 

lobata,  405. 
Hypsopygia  costalis,  45. 

Idiophlebia,  232. 

Idioplasta,  225,  232,  236,  240,  244. 

fitchi,  210. 
Ilex,  Lasioptera  cincrea  on,  320,  324. 
Ilicoides,    Asphondylia    ilicoides    on, 

297.  373,  377- 
Impatiens,  Lasioptera  inipatientifolia 
on,  320,  323,  324,  327- 

Mycodiplosis   impatientis   on,  401. 
Ironweed,     Lasioptera    vernoniflorae 

on,  322. 
Tschnura   verticalis,   198. 
Ivy,   poison,  galls   on,   144. 

Janetiella,  359,  371 ;  key  to  species, 
371. 

accrifolia,  372. 

americana,  372. 

asplcni  folia,  357,  372. 

breviaria,  372. 

brevicauda,  359,   372. 

brcvicornis,  372. 

nodosa,  372. 

pini,  372. 

sanguinea,  372. 

tiliacca,  371. 
Joanissia,    311,   312;    key   to    species, 
313- 

carolinac,  313. 

flavopcdalis,  313. 

flavoscufa,  313. 

pbotophila,  313. 
Joe    pyc    weed,    Dasyneura    purpurea 

<^n.  3^7,  340- 


INDEX   TO  REPORT  OE  THE   STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I9O7 


529 


Johannseniella,  264,  268. 

argentata,  269. 

flaviceps,  268. 

niagnipennis,  268-69,  303. 

nitidus,  268. 
Johnsonomyia,  415,  417;  key  to  spe- 
cies, 417. 

fusca,  417. 

humilis,  417. 

rubra,  415,  417. 
Juglans,  galls  on,   135,  136. 
June  beetle,  green,  42. 
June  grass,  Dasyneura  graminis  on, 

336. 
Juneberry,   peach   borer   injuring,   32. 

round  leaved,  gall  on,   126. 
Juniper,    Walshomyia    juniperina    on, 

357- 
Juniperinus   calif ornica,    Walshomyia 

juniperina  on,  357,  361,  365,  367. 

Karshomyia,  385,  398. 
viburni,  398. 

Lachnosterna  fusca,  41. 

Lactuca,  Lasioptera  lactucae  on,  320. 

Larrea  tridentata,  Asphondylia  auri- 

pila  on,  29s,  373,  376. 
Lasioptera,    305,    307,   317,   322,    323; 
key  to  species,  324. 

abhamata,  327. 

argentisquamae,  32T,  324. 

arizonensis,  321,  325. 

basiflava,  322,  324. 

canadensis,  see  Baldratia. 

carbonifera,  see  Baldratia. 

caulicola,  319,  323,  325. 

cinerea,  320,  324. 

clavula,  324. 

consobrina,  322,  324. 

convolvuli,  318,  326. 

corni,  318,  323,  324. 

cornicola,  see   Neolasioptera. 

cylindrigallae,  321,  323,  326. 

desmodii,  319,  323,  325. 

dorsimaculata,  321,  325. 

ephedricola,  319,  326,  327. 

eupatoriflorae,  287. 
See  also  Clinorhyncha. 

excavata,  287,  319,  323,  327. 

farinosa,  321,  323,  325. 


Lasioptera  {continued) 

llavescens,  321,  323,  327. 

liavipes,  325. 

Iraxinifolia,  319,  327. 

hamata,  321,  327. 

hecate,  326. 

humulicauiis,  320,  326. 

nnpatientifolia,  320,  323,  324,  327. 

juvenalis,  321,  327. 

lactucae,  320,  326. 

linderae,  320,  325. 

lupini,  326. 

lycopi,  320,  323,  32b. 

mitchellae,  320,   325. 

niuhlenbergiae,  see  Baldratia. 

nassauensis,  324. 

neo fusca,  327. 

nodulosa,  321,  325. 

palustris,  322,  325. 

panici,  320,  326. 

querciflorae,  320,  323,  325. 

qucrcina,  320,  327. 

querciperda,  320,  324. 

rubra,  see  Baldratia. 

rudbeckiae,  320,  324. 

serotina,  320,  326. 

spinulae,  322,  325. 

subfuscata,  321. 

tubcrculata,  see  Baldratia. 

tumifica,  321,  323,  327. 

?  vernoniae,  324. 

vernoniflorae,  322,  324. 

viburni,  322,  327. 

viburnicola,  see  Neolasioptera. 

vitinea,  see  Neolasioptera. 

vitis,  291,  322,  323,  324,  372. 

weldi,  319,  326. 

willistoni,  318. 

ziziae,  322,  327. 
Lasiopterariae,  308,   317;   host  plants 

and  galls.  318;  key  to  genera,  322. 
Laurel,  English,  Dichrodiplosis  quer- 

cina  on,  301. 
Leaf  feeders,  51. 
Leather  jackets,  200. 
Lechria,  230. 
Leeches,  red,  162. 
Leguminous  plant,  gall  on,   136. 
Lemon,  gall  on,   131. 
Leopard  moth,  52. 


530 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Lepidium,  Dasyneura  lepidii  on,  ^Z7> 

346. 
Lepidoptera,    219,    234;    Hill    collec- 
tion, 57;  list  of,  61-117. 
Lepidosaphes  ulmi,  35,  51,  53- 
Leptophlebia,  169,  182,  188,  192. 

mollis,   189. 
^^sles,  259. 

vigilax,  197-98- 
Lestodiplosis,    386,    407-10;    ^^y    ^o 
species,  407-10. 
apocyniflorae,  382,  409. 
asclepiae,  382,  409,  410. 
astcris,  410. 
basalis,  408. 
carolinae,  409. 
cerasi,  383,  407. 
cincta,  408. 

clematiflorae,  382,  409. 
crataegifolia,  382,  408. 
cupatorii,  382,  410. 
flavomarginata,  408. 
florida.  382,  409. 
fraxinifolia,  383,  408. 
globosa,  383,  409. 
grassator,  383,  4c8,  410. 
hicoriae,  4C9. 
junipcrina,  408. 
platani folia,  383,  410. 

populifolia,  383,  408. 

rugosa,   409. 

rumicis,  410. 

scrophulariae,  384,  409. 

solidaginis,  384,  409. 

spiracfolia,  410. 

triangularis,  384,  4 TO. 

tsugae,  409. 

vcrbcni folia,  385,  408. 

yiiccac,  385,  408. 
Lestremia,  308,  310;   key  to   species 
310. 

accrifolia,  311. 

barber i,  310. 

dyari,  311. 

elongata,  310. 

franconiae,  311. 

kanscnsis,  311. 

Inicophaca,  310. 

pini,  311. 

sambi'ci,  311. 


Lestremia  {continued) 

setosa,  311. 

solidaginis,  311. 

spiraeina,  311. 

sylvestris,  311. 

vernalis,  311. 
Lestreminae,  305,  307,  308. 
Lestremiinariae,     307,    311;     key    to 

genera,  308. 
Lettuce,  wild,  Lasioptera  laciucae  on, 

326. 
Leucobrephos  brephoicles,  5,  31,  47. 
Leucorhinia,  197. 

frigida,  196-97. 

glacialis,  196. 
Lcuctra,  169,  170,  172. 
Libcllula  basalis,  196. 

pulchella,  196,  253. 
Libellulidae,    173,    174,   251,   252,   253, 

254,  260,  263. 
Libellulinae,  262. 
Libnotes,  237. 

Lime-sulfur  wash,  5,  34-36,  50. 
Limnea,  180. 
Limneria   fugitiva,  16. 
Limnobia,  248. 

cinctipes,  205. 

immatnra,  205. 

indigena,  205. 

parietina,  171. 

triocellata,  205. 
Limnobiinae,  202,  231,  241.  242.  244. 
Limnobiini,  225,  241,  243,  247. 
Limnophila,   227,   229,   231,   241,   245. 
246. 

brcvifurca,  228. 

quadrata,  228. 
toxoneura.  228,  242. 
Limnophilidac,  i6g,  170. 
Limnophilini,  225,  241. 
Linden   niolb,   snow-whit 0,  8,  23-28. 
Lindcra,  Lasioptera  lindorac  on,  320, 

325- 
Liognia,  230,  244. 

nodicornis,  209. 
Lipsothrix,  227. 

TJni'idambar  .styraciflua,  gall  on.   152. 
Lirindcndron.    Contarinia   liriodcndri 
on,  383. 

Neolasioplcra    liriodendn    on.    320. 


INDEX  TO  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


531 


Lobodiplosis,  385,  397'98- 

acerina,  398. 

quercina,  398. 
Lobopteromyia,  385,  389;  key  to  spe- 
cies, 389. 

abdominalis,  390. 

apicalis,  390. 

caricis,  390. 

consobrina,  390. 

filicis,  390. 

foetecli,  390. 

symplocarpi,  390. 

tiliae,  390. 
Locust,  common,  Dasyneura  pseuda- 
caciae  on,  337,  347,  348. 

honey,   Dasyneura  gleditschiae   on, 
347- 
Loosestrife,     Dasyneura     lysimachiae 

on,  337. 
Lupine,    Dasyneura    lupini    on,    337, 
347- 

Lasioptera  lupini  on,  326. 
Lycopus,    Lasioptera    lycopi    on,  320, 
326. 

mitchellae  on,  320,  325. 
Lysimachia,    Dasyneura    Ij^simachiae 

on,  337,  349,  350. 

Macrocentus  iridescens,  27. 
Macrochile,  224,  225,  235,  236. 
Macrophthalma  disjuncta,  43. 
Malacosoma  disstria,  13,  17. 
Maple,  linden  moth  injuring,  24,  27. 

maple  worm  injuring,   15. 

Rhabdophaga  plicata  on,  352. 

dwarf,  gall  on,  119. 

hard,    green    striped    maple    worm 
injuring,  13. 

Japanese,  Archips  sorbiana  on,  45. 

mountain,  gall  on,  123. 

red,  galls  on,  120-21. 

silver,  galls  on,  121. 

soft,  galls  on,  121. 

sugar,  galls  on,   121-23. 
green  striped  maple  worm  injur- 
ing, 7,  13- 
sugar  maple  borer  injuring,  40. 

white-bark,  galls  on,  152. 

See  also  Acer. 
Maple  borer,  sugar,  40,  52. 


Maple  caterpillar,  antlered,  21-23. 
Maple  worm,  green  striped,  7,  13-21, 

22,  27. 
May  flies,   161,  170,   173,   174,   I70~77, 

17^,  183-86,  187,   188-94- 
Mayetiola,  359,  369,  371 ;  key  to  spe- 
cies, 369. 

aceris,  369. 

americana,  357,  370,  371. 

azaleae,  369. 

balsamifera,  369. 

californica,  357,  370. 

caulicola,  357,  370. 

celtiphyllia,  357,  37i- 

destructor,  357,  358,  369,  370. 

electra,  369. 

latipes,  370. 

perocculta,  357,  371. 

rigidae,  357,  371. 

socialis,  369. 

thalictri,  369. 

tsugae,  370. 

tumidosae,  357,  370. 

ulmi,  358,  369,  370. 

violicola,  359,  369. 

virginiana,  369. 

walshii,  357,  371. 
Meadow  maggot,  200. 
Meadow    sweet,    Cecidomyia    spirae- 
florae  on,  384. 

Dasyneura  salicifolia  on,  338. 

gall  on,  148. 

Hormomyia  clarkei  on,  384. 

Prodiplosis   floricola   on,   384. 

Rhabdophaga   salicifolia  on,  33S. 
Media,  236. 
Megistocera,  235. 
Melittia  satyriniformis,  55. 
Melolontha  vulgaris,  42. 
Melon,    Aphidoletes     cucumeris     on, 
383. 

Cecidomyia  setigera  on,  394. 

Contarinia  setigera  on,  383. 
Mentha,     Giardomyia     menthae     on, 
383,  405- 

piperita,    Cecidomyia   piperitac    on, 
303. 
Mesocyphona,  235,  237,  243,  246. 

caloptera,  see  Erioptera. 


532 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


^Metadiplosis,  386,  406. 

spinosa,  386,  406. 
Metriocnemus,  283. 

atratulus,  284. 

debilipennis,  284. 

exagitans,  283. 

flavifrons,  284. 

knabi,  284. 

lundbeckii,  284. 

par,  283,  284. 
Miasior,  316. 

americana,  286,  316. 
Microcerata,  308,  309;  key  to  species, 
310. 

cockerelli,  310. 

corni,  310. 

diervillae,  310. 

johnsoni,  310. 

perplexa,  310. 
Micromyia,  309. 

corni,  308. 
Midges,  8,  171,  176-77,  178. 
Milkweed,    Lasioptera     lactucae    on, 
320. 

Lestodiplosis     asclepiae     on,     382, 
409,  410. 
Mimulus     glutinosusj     Neolasioptera 

mimuli  on,  320,  332. 
Minnow,    red-bellied,    food    of,    172, 

180-82. 
Mint,  Giardomyia  mcnthac  on,  383. 
Mole  cricket,  55. 
Molophilus,  225,  242,  240. 

comatus,  226. 
Mongoma,  229,  230. 
Mosquitos,  171. 
Moth  flies,  171. 
Mottled  willow  borer,  54. 
Mycodiplosis,  386,  400-3 ;  key  to  spe- 
cies, 400-3. 

acarivora,  385,  403. 

acerifolia,  400. 
accrina,  385.  3Q7- 
See  also  Lobodiplosis. 

aesliva,  402. 

altornnta,  402. 
anpulafa,  400. 
atirafa,  402. 
capfiva,  401. 

cerasi folia,  383,  400. 


Mycodiplosis  {continued) 
coniracta,  401. 
coryli,  402. 

corylifolia,  301,  382,  401. 
cyanccocci,  401. 
emarginata,  402. 
fibulata,  401. 
holotricha,  382,  401. 
hudsoni,  402. 
impatientis,  383,  401. 
lobata,  385,  398. 

See  also  Coquillettomyia. 
niinuta,  400. 
modesta,  402. 
obscura,  402. 
perplexa,  402. 
pini,  400. 

populifolia,  383,  400. 
quercina,  see  Lobodiplosis. 
rcducta,  400. 
robusta,  401. 
rotundata,  401. 
silvana,  402. 
tcnuitas,  401. 
tsugae,  402. 
variabilis,  402. 
vil)urni,  385,  398. 

Nannothemis,  255,  260. 

Ncgundo,     Contarinia      negundifolia 

on,  383,  394. 
Nehallennia,  259. 

irene,  198. 
Ncmoura,  169. 
Necccrata     rhodophaga,     see     Dasy- 

neura. 
Neolasinptera,  322,  330;   key  to  spe- 
cies, 330. 

ngrostis,  331. 

albitarsis,  318,  310,  333. 

allinlincata,  332. 

asclepiae,   318,  332. 

hasalis,  318,  331. 

c<l.istri,  318,  330. 

cinrrea,  331. 

clcmntidis,  318,  331. 

cornicola,  310,  330. 

eriirernntis,  319,  332. 

otipalorii.  319,  333. 

flavomaculata,  332. 


INDEX  TO  REI'ORT  OF  THE  STATE  ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


533 


Neolasioptera  (coiitiuued) 

flavovenlris,  320,  223. 

hamamelidis,  318,  332. 

hamala,  322,  332. 

hclianthi,  319,  332. 

hibisci,  320,  330,  333. 

hirsuta,  331. 

liriodendri,  320,  330,  331. 

mimuli,  320,  332. 

perfoliata,  319,  332. 

ramuscula,  318,  333. 

sanibuci,  321,  331. 

scxmaculata,  320,  331. 

solani,  321,  331. 

squamosa,  330,  333. 

tenuitas,  331. 

tiliaginea,  322,  332. 

tripunctata,  331. 

viburnicola,  322,  330,  332. 

vitinea,  322,  330,  331,  332. 
New  England  tea,  Dasyneura  verna- 

lis  on,  341. 
Newt,   red,   food,   162. 
Nursery  certificates,  11. 
Nyssa  sylvatica,  gall  on,   136. 

Oak,  Archips  sorbiana  injuring,  46. 
Cincticornia     americana     on,     374, 
380,  381. 
pilulae  on,  374,  380,  381. 
quercifolia  on,  374. 
serrata  on,  374,  380. 
Clinodiplosis  florida  on,  411. 
Contarinia  quercifolia  on,  384,  391. 
Dasyneura  glandis  on,  337,  342. 
Dichrodiplosis     querclna    on,    384, 

394- 
galls  on,  142,  143,  152,  153. 
Lasioptera     querciflorae     on,     320, 
325- 
quercina  on,  320,  327. 
querciperda  on,  320,  324. 
maple  worm  injuring,  15. 
Trotteria   tarsata   on,   320. 
Oat,  Coquillettomyia  texana  on,  382. 
Obolodiplosis,  386,  410-11. 
Odonata,  195-98,  224,  249-63. 
Odontodiplosis,   386;   key  to   species, 
404. 
americana,  404. 


Odontodiplosis    {continued) 
karnerensis,  404. 
montana,  404. 
Occacta,  264,  267. 
Occidium      impatiens,     Mycodiplosis 

impatientis  on,  383,  401. 
Office  work,  11. 
Old  Forge,  report  of  the  entomologic 

field  station  at,  156-266. 
Oligarces,  316,  317. 

noveboracensis,  280,  317. 
Oligotrophiariae,    308,    356;    key    to 

genera,  359. 
Oligotrophus,    359,   368,   371 ;   key  to 
species,  368. 
acerifolius,  see  Sackenomyia  aceri- 

folia. 
aceris,  see  Mayetiola. 
asplenifolia,  see  Janetiella. 
azaleae,  see  Mayetiola. 
betulae,  357,  368. 
brevicornis,  see  Janetiella. 
inquilinus,  358,  368. 
nodosa,  see  Janetiella. 
pini,  see  Janetiella. 
rhoina,  see  Cincticornia. 
thalictri,  see  Mayetiola. 
tiliacea,  see  Janetiella. 
tsugae,  see  Mayetiola. 
vernalis,  368. 
Ophiogomphus,  256,  260,  261. 
Ophion  bifoveolatum,  43. 
Opuntia,  Asphondylia  arlzonensis  on, 
37S- 
betheli  on,  373,  376. 
opuntiae  on,  373,  377. 
Orange,  gall  on,   130. 
Orchard  scales,  53. 
Oriental  slug  caterpillar,  52,  53. 
Orimarga,  247. 
Ornithodes,  245. 
Oropeza,  211,  237. 

Orthocladius,    171,  282;   key   to    spe- 
cies, 282 
sordens,  284. 

sordidellus,   169,  283,  284. 
Ostracoda,  176-77,  179. 
Oyster  scale,  35,  51. 


534 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Pachyrhina,  244. 
Palaeopoecilostola,  232. 
Palpomyia,    264;    key    to    subgenera, 
269. 

flavipes,  269. 
Panicurn,   Lasioptera   panici   on,   320, 

326. 
Paradiplosis,  386,  410. 
Parasites,    of    gipsy    and   brown   tail 

motlis,  7;  snow-white  linden  moth, 

27;  white  grub,  43. 
Paratropeza,  213,  228,  230,  233,  22,-/. 
Paris  green,  55. 
Peach,  gall  on,   127. 
Peach  borer,  common,  32. 

lesser,  32. 
Peach  tree,  June  beetle  injuring,  43. 

peach  borer,  lesser,  injuring,  32. 
Pear  midge,  8. 
Pear  psylla,  35. 

Pear  tree,  Archips  sorbiana  injuring, 
46. 

Contarinia  pyrivora  on,  384,  393. 

gall  on,   141. 
Pearthorn,  gall  on,  132. 
Pecan,  gall  on,  152. 
Pcdicia,  225,  226,  242,  245. 

albivitta,  201,  209. 
Pcdiciinac,  242,  245. 
Pediciini,  225,  242. 
Pegomyia  sp.,  171. 

vicina,  53. 
Prnthnptcra,  241,  243,  247. 

albitarsis,  208. 
Pepper   grass,    Dasyncnrn   lci)idil    on, 

337- 
Peppermint,      Cecidnniyia      piiJcntnc 
<^n,    303. 

Dasynriira    pipcritac    nn,    -^^yj,    342. 
Pi  ridinia,    182. 
Periodical  cic.ida.  48. 
Pcriphcroptcra.  229,  231,  233. 
TVrifhcmis,   255. 
T'crsimmon,   pall   on,    132. 
IMialacroccra,    232,   244. 

tipnlina,    209. 
Phyllcrium  alnigonum,   125. 

qurrcinum,   pall    on,    143. 

vitis,  sec  Erinciun   vilis. 


Phyllocoptes,    147,    244. 

cornutus,    127. 

oleivorus,   130. 

schlectendali,    141. 
Phyllolabis,  241,  242,  246. 
Phylloxera    caryaecaulis,    55. 
vastatrix,  151. 

Lestodiplosis     grassator     on,     383, 
408,  410. 
Phytoptid    galls   of    North    America, 

118-55;    bibliography,    153-55- 
Phytoptus  sp.,  119,  124,  134,  145,  147. 

abnormis,   148. 

acericola,   123. 

fraxini,   134. 

oleivorus,    130. 

pruni,    139. 

qucrci,  142. 

salicicola,    145. 

thujae,   148. 

ulmi,   149. 
Pine,  Cecidomyia,  rcsinicola  on,  383. 

Lobopteromyia      abdominalis      on, 
390. 

Neolasioptera  flavovciitris  on,  320. 

white  grubs   injuring,  41. 

Winncrlzia,  pinicorticis  on,  304. 
Piperita,     Dasyneura     pipcritae     on, 

Pirns   amcricana,  gall   on,   153. 
Pitcher   plant,    Phalacmcora   tipuliiia, 

on,  209. 
Plagionotus  spcciosus,  40,  52. 
Plane  tree,  Lestodiplosis  plataiiifi)lia 

on,  383,  410. 
Plant  lice,  35. 
Plates,  explanation  of,  423. 
Plathcmis    triuiaculata,    106. 
PIccoptcra,  8. 

Plectromyia,   228,  242,   245. 
Plum  tree,  galls  on,  138,  139. 

injurious   insects: 
apple   worm,   lesser,   33. 
June  beetle,  green,  43. 
peach  borer,  lesser,  32. 
Plusiomyia,   232. 
Poa  pratcnsis,  Colpodia  pratcnsis  on, 

416. 
Podisus  mwlestus,  22. 


INDEX  TO  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    1907 


535 


Podoneura,  229,  241. 
Polyangaeus,  231,  232,  245. 
Polychrosis  viteana,  38. 
Polyinera,   245. 
Polystepha,  380. 

Poplar,     Dichrodiplosis     populi     on, 
383,   394- 

galls  on,   129,   136,   137-38. 

Lestodiplosis  globosa  on,  383,  409. 
populifolia   on,   383,   408. 

Mycodiplosis    populifolia    on,    383, 
400. 

Rhabdophaga   populi   on,   2>2i7>   354, 
355- 
Porricondyla,  415,  417,  419,  420;  key 
to  species,  418. 

altifila,  see  Holoneurus. 

ampelophila,  see  Winnertzia. 

barberi,  418. 

borealis,    418. 

canadensis,   418. 

Carolina,  418. 
See  also  Colpodia. 

caudata,  418. 

diervillae,  see   Colpodia. 

dilatata,  418. 

flava,  419. 

graminis,  see  Colpodia. 

hamata,  419. 

karnerensis,  418. 

multinoda,  419. 

pinca,  see   Colpodia. 

pini,  418. 

quercina,  418. 

sylvestris,   see   Dirliiza. 

trifolii,   see  Colpodia. 

tuckeri,  418. 
Porthetria  dispar,  50,  52,  53,  55. 
Potamanthus   diaphanus,   193-94. 
Potato  beetles,  55. 
Potatoes,  white  grubs   injuring,  41. 
Potentilla  canadensis,  gall  on,  138. 

pennsylvanica,  gall  on,   138. 
Probezzia,   267. 
Procladius,    270. 

bcllus,  169. 

nubifer,  270. 

thoracicus,    270. 
Prodiamesa,   274-75. 

notata,  275. 


Prodiplosis,  386,  403. 

floricola,  384. 
Protanypus,   270,   271. 

heteropus,  271. 
Protenthes,  270,  273. 

cinctus,   273. 

culiciformis,   273,   284 

pulcher,   273,   284. 
Prunes,  June  beetle   injuring,   43. 
Prunus,  galls   on,   138,   139,    140,   141. 
Lasioptera  serontina  on,  320. 
Neolasioptera     sexniaculata     on, 
320. 

cerasus,      Contarinia      virginianiae 
on,  383. 
Lestodiplosis    cerasi    on,    383. 
Mycodiplosis  cerasi  folia  on,  383. 
Psectrocladius,  282. 

aureus,  283. 
Psilotanypus,   270,   271. 

occidentalis,   271. 
Psychodidae,  169,  170,  171. 
Psylla  pyricola,  35. 
Ptilogyna,  230. 
Ptychoptera,  225,  235,  244. 
Ptychopteridae,  236,  240,  244. 
Ptychopterinae,    240,   244. 
Publications,  9;    list,   50-55. 
Pyrgota   undata,    43. 
Pyrus,   see   Pear. 

Quercus,  galls  on,  142,  143,  152,  153. 
See  also  Oak. 

Railroad   worm,  33-34,  53. 

Ranatras,   163. 

Red     top,     Dasyneura    graminis     on, 

336. 
Red-humped    apple    tree    caterpillar, 

31-32,  52. 
Remedies    and    preventives    for : 

aphids,  35. 

apple  bark  louse,  51. 

apple   leaf   folder,  30. 

apple  maggot,  34,  53. 

apple  worm,   lesser,   33. 

bag  worm,  54,  55. 

canker  worms,   50. 

elm  leaf  beetle,  40,  52,  54. 

fleas,  51. 


536 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Remedies  and  preventives  for:  (con.) 

grape  root  worm,  38. 

hickory  gall  aphid,  55. 

linden  moth,  snow-white,  27. 

maple  caterpillar,  antlered,  22. 

maple  worm,  green  striped,   16. 

oyster   scale,  35. 

peach  borer,  lesser,  32. 

pear   psylla,   35. 

plant   lice,   35. 

potato  beetle,  55. 

San  Jose  scale,  5,  34-36,  50. 

scurfy  bark  louse,  35. 

scurfy  scale,  50. 

squash    borer,    55. 

squash   bug,   50. 

tussock    moth,    white-marked,    38, 
52. 

white  grubs,  43,  51. 

willow  borer,  mottled,  54. 

wire  worms,  51. 
Remedies  and  preventives  for  insect 
depredations : 

arsenate  of  lead,  16. 

arsenical  poisons,  30,  40. 

bordeaux  mixture,  38. 

kerosene  emulsion,  44. 

lime-sulfur  wash,  5,  34-36,  50. 

miscible  or  soluble  oils,  35. 

paris    green,    55. 

tree  bands,  39,  50. 

tree  tanglefoot,  50. 

whale  oil  soap,   53. 
Rhabdinobrochus,   227,   228,   236. 
Rhabdophaga,  305,  307,  336,  339,  340, 
350,  3^J^;  key  to  species,  351. 

absobrina,  355. 

acerifolia,   354. 

albovittata,   338,   352,   354. 

batatas,  338,  355,  421. 

brassicoides,  338,  356. 

calif ornica,  353. 

ccphalanthi,  336,  355. 

consobrina,  355. 

gemmae,  338,  354. 

globosa.  3.38,  354. 

latipcnnis,    338,    353. 

marginata,  352. 

nodula,  338,  35i.  352. 

normaniana,  338,  354. 


Rhabdophaga    (continued) 

occidentalis,    353. 

persimilis,  338,  351. 

plicata,    338,   352. 

podagrae,   338,   355,   356. 

populi,  337,  354,  355. 

pratensis,  353. 

racemi,  338,  352,  353. 

ramuscula,  338,  351,  352. 

rhodoides,  338,  355,  356. 

rosacea,  337,  354. 

salici folia,  293-94,  338,  355. 

salicis,  338,  352,  353. 

sodalitatis,  338,  351. 

strobiloides,  338,  355,  35O. 

tridentatae,  340. 

triticoides,  338,  351,  353,  354. 
Rhagoletis  pomonella,  33-34,  53- 
Rhamphidia,  230,  247. 

flavipes,    205. 
Rhamphidiinac,  230. 
Rhamphidiini,  225. 
Rhaphidolabis,  169,  228,  242,  245. 

tenuipes,  170,  201,  209,  212-14. 
Rhicnoptila,  225,  226,  231,  242. 

wodzickii,  225. 
Rhipidia,  248. 

fidelis,  203. 

maculata,    170,  218-19. 
Rhopalomyia,  305,  339,  359,  362;  key 
to   species,   3C3. 

abnormis,  365. 

acerifolia,  368. 

albipcnnis,   358,  364. 

alticola,  356,  367. 

antcnnariae,  356,  367. 

anthophila,  35^,  364.  365. 

apicata,  364. 

arcuata,  367. 

astericaulis,  357,  365. 

as fcri  florae,   298,    357,    366. 

audibcrtiae,   299,  357,  368. 

baccharis,  357,  364,  365. 

bigcloviac,  357,  368. 

bigelovioides,  357,   366,  367. 

bull)ula,  358,  363,  36s,  366. 

californica,   357,   364,   366. 

capitata,  358,  363,  364. 

Carolina,   358,   363. 


INDEX   TO   REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  ENTOMOLOGIST    I907 


537 


Rhopalomyia  (continued) 

clarkei,  299,  358,  367. 

cruziana,  358,  366,  367. 

fusifomiis,  358,  363,  364,  365,  366. 

gutierreziae,  357,  367,  368. 

hirtipes,  358,  363. 

inquisitor,   358,  364,  366. 

lanceolata,  358,  367,  368. 

lateriflori,  357,  364,  365. 

lobata,  358,  366. 

major,  363.  . 

palustris,  365. 

pedicellata,  358,  363,  365,  366. 

pilosa,  356,  366,  367. 

pini,  365. 

racemicola,  358,  364,  366. 

tanaceticola,  362. 

thompsoni,  358,  363,  365,  366. 

truncata,  365. 
Rhus,  Arthrocnodax  rhoina  on,  384. 

Asphondylia   integrifoliae   on,   374, 
376. 

Dasyneura  rhois  on,  337,  346,  349. 

galls  on,   144. 
Rhyacophilidae,  169. 
Rhypholophus,  231,  243,  246. 

parallelus,  256. 

rubellus,   206. 
Ribes,  Mayetiola  californica  on,  357, 

370. 
Rivina,    Schizomyia  rivinae   on,   374, 

379- 
Robinia,  Dasyneura  pseudacaciae  on, 

337,  347- 
Rosebushes,    Dasyneura    rhodophaga 
on,  337,  341- 
rosarum  on,  337,  348. 

Rhabdophaga  rosacea  on,  337,  354. 
Rosy  aphis,  53. 
Rotifer,    176,    180,    182. 
Rubus,  Dasyneura  rubiflorae  on,  338. 

Lasioptera  farinosa  on,  321. 
nodulosa   on,    321. 
Rudbeckia,      Lasioptera,      rudbeckiae 

on,  320,  324; 
Rumex,    Contarinia   rumicis   on,   384, 
392. 

Lestodiplosis  rumicis  on,  410. 
Ryacophilidae,    170. 


Sackenomyia,  359,  361. 

acerifolia,  361. 
Sage    brush,     Diarthronomyia    arte- 

misiae  on,  336,  340. 
St  John's-wort,  marsh,  gall  on,   149. 
Salicis  aenigma,  145,  146. 

semen,  146. 
Salix,     Asphondylia     salictaria     on, 
374,  377- 
Clinorhynchus  karnerensis  on,  321. 
Dasyneura  californica  on,  338,  347. 

salicifolia   on,   338,  348,  350. 
galls  on,  130,   144-47- 
Mayetiola   americana   on,   357. 
caulicola  on,  357. 
perocculta    on,    357,    371. 
rigidae  on,  357. 
tumidosae  on,  357. 
walshii  on,  357. 
Rhabdophaga    albovittata    on,    338, 
352,  354. 
batatas  on,  338. 
brassicoides  on,  338. 
gemmae  on,  338. 
globosa  on,  338. 
latipennis   on,  338. 
nodula   on,   338. 
normaniana  on,  338. 
persimilis  on,  338,  351. 
plicata  on,  338. 
podagrae  on,  338. 
racemi  on,   338. 
ramuscula  on,  338. 
rhodoides  on,  338. 
salicis  on,  338. 
sodalitatis   on,   338. 
strobiloides  on,  338. 
triticoides  on,  338. 
Sambucus,    Arthrocnodax     samljuci- 
folia  on,  384. 
Asphondylia   sambuci  on,  374,  377. 
Contarinia   sambucifolia  on,  392. 
gall  on,  147. 

Neolasioptera     sambuci     on,     321. 
331. 
San  Jose  scale,  5,  34-36,  50,  52. 
Sanninoidea  exitiosa,  32. 
Scamboneura,  233. 
Scatophagidae,    i6g,    171. 


538 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Schizomyia,   3c6,    375.    378,   380;    key 
to  species,  378. 

altitila,   378. 

caryaecola,  zyz,  378. 

coryloides,  374,  379. 

niacrofila,  372,  379. 

petiolicola,  374,  379. 

ponium,  374,  379. 

rivinae,  374,  379- 

rubi,   379. 

viburni,  374,  378. 
Schizura   concinna,   31-32,   52. 
Scrophiilaria,     Cecidoinyia     scrophu- 
lariae   on,  303. 

Lestodiplosis       scrophiilariae       on, 
384,  4C9- 
Scurfy  scale,  35,  50,  51.  5^,  53- 
Sea  pink,  gall  on,  148. 
Sedge,     Lobopteromyia     caricis     on, 

390. 
Senccio,    Lasioptera    arizoncnsis    on, 

321,  325- 
Scricostomatidac,    169,   170. 
Serromyia,  264,  269. 

femorata,  269. 
Service-berry,   gall   on,    126. 
Shadbush      Hormomyia      canadensis 

on,  381. 
Shade  trees,  6-7,   51,   53.  54- 
Sicca,    Asphondvlia    siccac    on,    374, 

376. 
Sida  crystallina,    161. 
Silenc,   Lasioptera  juvcnnlis  on,  321. 
Simuliidac,  169,   171. 
Siphlurus,  161,   163,  188. 

altcrnatiis,   189. 
Siphonophora     liriodendri,     Aplii<Io- 

letcs  meridionalis  on,  384. 
Skunk        cabbage,        Lobopteromyia 
foetedi  on,  390. 
syniplocarpi  on,  390. 
Slug  caterpillar,  oriental,  53. 
Snake  root,  white,  Lcstndiplnsis   cu- 

patorii  on,  382. 
Snapdragon,    Lasioptera    inipatienti- 

folia   on,   320,  323. 
Snow-white  linden  moth,  8,  23-28. 
Solanum,     Ncolasioptcra     solani    on, 
321,  331- 


Soldier  bug,  22. 

Solidago,    Asphondylia    johnsoni    on, 
374,  2,77- 
monacha  on,  317,  374,  376. 
Baldratia  abnormis   on,  321. 
alboniaculata  on,  321,  328. 
asterifoliae  on,  321. 
carbonifera  on,  321. 
convoluta  on,  321,  329. 
flavoanulata  on,  321,  3:29. 
flavolunata  on,  330. 
rosea  on,  321,  328. 
rubra   on,   321,  329. 
socialis  on,  321,  328. 
tuberculata   on,    321. 
Camptoneuromyia   adhesa   on,  317, 
334- 
carbonaria  on,  338,  341. 
folliculi  on,  338,  348. 
Lasioptera  argentisquamae  on,  321, 

324- 

cylindrigalle  on,  321,  326. 

dorsimaculata  on,  321. 

flavcscens  on,  321,  327. 

hamata   on,  321,  327. 

subfuscata   on,   321. 

tumifica   on,   321,  327. 
Lestodiplosis    solidaginis    on,    384, 
409. 

triangularis  on,  384,  410. 
Oligotrophus     inquilinus     on,     358, 

368. 
Rhopalomvia    albipcniiis     on,     35S, 
364. 

anthophila  on,  358,   364,  365. 

arcuata  on,  367. 

bulbula   on,  358,  365.  366. 

capitata  on,  358,  363,  364. 

Carolina  on,  338,  363. 

clarkei  on,  299,  338,  3f>7- 

cruziana  on,  338,  366,  367. 

hirtipes    on,   338,   363. 

inquisitor  on,  338,  364,  366. 

racemicola  on,  338,  364,  366. 

tliompsoni  on,  338,  363,  366. 
Trotteria    solidaginis    on,   333. 
Sorbus  americana,  gall  on,   147,    i33- 

aucuparia,   153. 
Sorghum,    Contarinia    sorghicola   on, 
384,  393- 


INDEX   TO   REPORT  OF  THE  STATE   ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  539 


Sparnopclius    fulvus,   43. 

Spliaeromyas,  269. 

Sphaerotheca,   130. 

Spicebush,     Lasioptera     linderae     on, 

320. 
Spider,  red,  385. 
Spikenard,  wild,   Asphondjiia  sniila- 

cinae  on,  374. 
Spiraea,     Cecidoniyia     floricola     on, 
302. 
spiraeflorae  on,  304,  384,  414. 

Dasyneura   salicifolia   on,  338. 

Hormomyia  clarkei  on,  384,  388. 

Lestodiplosis    spiraeafolia   on,   410. 

Prodiplosis    floricola   on,   384. 

Rhabdophaga     salicifolia    on,    294, 
338,  355- 
Spongilla   flies,    161. 
Spruce,     Dasyneura     canadensis     on, 

336,  350. 
Spurge,  flowering,  gall  on,  132. 
Squash  borer,  55. 
Squash  bug,  50. 
Statice  armeria,  gall  on,   148. 
Stone  flies,  8,  170,  172. 
Strawberrj',     white     grubs     injuring, 

41,  44- 
Stylaria,  161. 

Sugar  maple  borer,  40,  52. 
Sumac,  Arthrocnodax  rhoina  on,  384. 

Asphondylia    integrifoliae   on,    374. 

Cincticornia  rhoina  on,  381, 

Dasyneura  rhois   on,  ;iT;7. 
Sunfish,    food,    172,    175. 
Sunflower,      Asphondylia      conspicua 
on,  373. 
globosa  on,   373. 
helianthiflorae  on,  373. 
Swamp   rose,   mallow,    Neolasioptera 

hibisci   on,   320. 
Sweetfern,      Janetiella      asplenifolia 

on,  357- 
Sweet-gum,  gall  on,  152. 
Sj^mpetrum,    197. 

corruptum,  197. 
S}'mplocarpus,    Lobopteromyia    foet- 
edi  on,  390. 
symplocarpi  on,  390. 
Synanthedon  pictipes,  32. 


Tabanidae,  169,  171. 
Tabanus  sp.,  171. 
Tachopteryx,  260,  261. 
Tansy,   Aphidoletes  basalis  on,  384. 
Tanyderinae,  240,  244. 
Tanyderus,  225,  231,  236. 
Tanypinae,  key  to,  270. 
Tanypus,    169,    171,  270;   key   to  spe- 
cies, 271-72. 

aureus,  271. 

carneus,  271,  284. 

fastuosus,   272. 

florens,  272. 

hirtipennis,   169,  284. 

indecisa,  284. 

johnsoni,  272,  284. 

miripes,  272. 

monilis,  271,  284. 

ornatus,  272,  284. 

posticalis,  273. 

sinuosus,  272. 

stellatus,  273. 

tenebrosus,  272. 
Tanytarsus,  284. 

exiguus,  284. 

fulvescens,  284. 

obedicns,  284. 

pusio,  284. 
Taxodium,    Contarinia    ananassi    on, 

384,  392. 
Tecomia,     Cecidoniyia    tecomiae    on, 

384. 
Tent  trap,  description,   167-68. 
Tetragoneuria  cynosura,  196. 
Tetranychus,  385. 
Teucholabis,  247. 
Thalassomyia,  key  to  species,  275. 

fulva,  275,  284. 

obscura,  169,  275,  284. 

platypus,  275. 
Thaumastoptera,  243. 
Thorn,  Hormomvia   cratacgifolia  on, 
382. 

Lasioptera  excavata  on,  319. 

Lestodiplosis  cratacgifolia  on,  382. 
florida  on,  382,  409. 

cockspur,  gall   on,   131. 

wild,  Arnoldia  absorbina  on,  337. 
Thoroughwort,    Lasioptera    eupatori- 

florae  on,  287. 


540 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Thuja  occidentalis,  gall  on,   148. 
Thyridopteryx    ephemeraeformis,   54, 

55- 
Tibicen  septendecim,  48. 
Tick  trefoil,  Lasioptera  desmodii  on, 

319.  325- 

Neolasioptera  hamata  on,  332. 
Tilia,   galls  on,   138,   148. 

Lasioptera  palustris  on,  322. 
spinulae  on,  322. 

Lobopteromyia  apicalis  on,  390. 

Neolasioptera  hamata  on,  322. 
tiliaginea  on,  322. 
Tiphia  inornata,  43. 
Tipula,  169,  244. 

abdominalis,    199,  200. 

annulata,  211. 

tenuis,  212. 
Tipulidae,    169,     170,    199-248;    new 

genus   and   two   new   species,  211- 

12;  venation  of  wings,  217-38. 
Tipulinae,  227,  231,  240,  244. 
Toxorrhina,  227,  243,  248. 
Trap  lantern,  description,   165-68. 
Tree  bands,  50. 
Tree  tanglefoot,  50. 
Trees,  protection  of,  6-7,  51,  53,  54. 
Triadenum  virginicum,  gall  on,  149. 
Trichocera,  229,  231,  241,  245. 

brumalis,  208. 
Trichocladius,  282. 

lacteipennis,  282. 

politus,  283. 
Trichoptcra,  8,  170. 
Trichotanypus,  270,  273. 

posticalis,  273. 
Tricorythus  allcctus,  192. 
Trifolium,     Dasyneura     leginiiiiiicnja 
on.  338. 
trifolii  on,  338. 
Trimicra,  231,  243,  246. 
Triogma,  244. 
Trissocladius,  282. 
Trificum,  Cccidomyia  tritici   on,  385. 

Mayctiola  destructor  on,  358. 
Trottoria,  317,  322,  334. 

argcnti,  335. 

rnryac,  318,  335. 

caiulafa,  335. 

k.irncrcnsi-.   -^i-. 


Trotteria  (continued) 

metallica,  335. 

solidaginis,  335. 

squamosa,  335. 

subfuscata,  335. 

tarsata,  320,  335. 
Trumpet   vine,   Cecidomyia  tecomiae 

on,  384. 
Tulip,  Contarinia  liriodendri  on,  383, 
393- 

Neolasioptera  liriodendri  on,  320. 
Tussock   moth,   white   marked,   6,   9, 

17,  38,  52,  53- 
Twig  borers,  51. 
Typhlodromus  oiliioorus,  130. 

Ula,  245- 

Ulmus,  Dasyneura  ulmea  on,  339. 

galls  on,  149-50. 

Mayetiola  ulmi  on,  358. 
Ulomorpha,  241,  246. 

Vaccinium,  Baldratia  canadensis  on, 
322. 
Dasyneura  vaccinii  on,  339. 
gall  on,  150. 
Vagnera  racemosa,  Asphondylia  snii- 

lacinae  on,  298,  374,  376. 
Verbena,     Cccidomyia    urtifolia     on, 
385,  414- 
gall  on,  150. 

Lestodiplosis   verbenifolia   on,   385, 
408. 
Vernonia,  Asphondylia  vcrnoniae  on, 

374.  377- 
Lasioptera  vcrnoninorae  on,  322. 
Vervain,  blue,  gall  on,  150. 
Viburnum,     Dcntifibula     viburni     on, 
380. 
K'alls  on,  150. 
Lasioptera  consnbrina   on,  322. 

viburni  on,  322,  327. 
Neolasioptera    vihurnicola   on,   322, 

332. 
Schizomyia  viburni  on,  374,  378. 
Violet,    Mayctiola    violicola    on,    359. 
Virgin's  bower,  Cnntnrinia  clcmatidis 
on,  3S2. 
Dasyneura  clcmatidis  on,  336. 
gall  on,  131. 
Lestodiplosis  clematiflorac  on,  382. 


INDEX  TO  REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  ENTOMOLOGIST    I907  54I 


Vitis,  Arnoldia  vitis  on,  339. 
Baldratia  petiolicola  on,  322. 
Dasyneura  vitis  on,  339. 
galls  on,  150,  151. 
Janetiella  brevicauda  on,  359. 
Lasioptera  basiflava  on,  322. 

vitis  on,  322. 
Neolasioptera  vitinea  on,  322. 
Schizomyia  coryloides  on,  374. 

petiolicola  on,  374,  379. 

pomum  on,  374. 
Voluntary  observers,  ir. 

Walnut,  black,  gall  on,   135. 
Walshomyia,  359. 

juniperina,  357,  360,  365,  367. 
Water  boatmen,  163. 
Water  mites,  lyG-yj,  180. 
Water  skater,   176. 
Whale  oil  soap,  53. 
Wheat,    Cecidomyia    tritici    on,    385, 
414. 

Mayetiola  destructor  on,  358,  370. 
Wheat  midge,  8. 
Wheel  bugs,  53. 
Whirl-a-gig  beetles,  163. 
White  grubs,  41,  51. 
White   marked    tussock    moth,    6,    9, 

17,  38,  52,  S3. 
Willow,    Asphondylia    salictaria    on, 
298,  374- 

Clinorhynchus  karnerensis  on,  321, 

Dasyneura  californica  on,  338. 

salici folia  on,  293,  338,  348,  350. 
galls  on,   144-45,  146. 
Mayetiola  amcricana  on,  357,  370, 
371- 

caulicola  on,  357,  370. 

perocculta  on,  357. 

rigidae  on,  357,  371. 

tumidosae  on,  357. 

walshii  on,  357,  371. 
Rhabdophaga  albovittata  on.  338. 

batatas  on.   338,  355. 

brassicoides  on,  338,  356. 

gemmae  on,  338,  354. 

globosa  on,  338,  354. 


Willow   {continued) 

latipennis  on,  338,  353. 

nodula  on,  338,  351,  352. 

normaniana  on,  338,  354. 

persimilis  on,  338. 

plicata  on,  338. 

podagrae  on,  338,  355,  356. 

racemi  on,  338,  352,  353. 

ramuscula  on,  338,  351,  352. 

rhodoides  on,  338,  355,  356. 

salicis  on,  338,  352,  353. 

sodalitatis  on,  338. 

strobiloides  on,  338,  355,  356. 

triticoides  on,  338. 
Willow  borer,   mottled,   54. 
Winnertzia,  306,  307,  415,  421 ;  key  to 

species,  421. 
ampelophila,  422. 
arizonensis,  421. 
calciequina,  421,  422. 
carpini,  421. 
furcata,  see  Asynapta. 
hudsonici,  422. 
karnerensis,  422. 
pinicorticis,   304,  422. 
rubida,  422. 
solidaginis,  422. 
Wire  worms,  51. 
Wood,    decaying,   Dasyneura   flavoti- 

bialis  on,  339,  341. 
Wormwood,  gall  on,   127. 

Yarrow,   Clinorhyncha    millefolii   on, 

318,  33Z- 
Yellow-necked  apple  tree  caterpillar, 

52. 
Youngomyia,  386,  398-99;  key  to  spe- 
cies, 399- 

podophyllae,  399. 

rubida,  399. 
Yucca,    Dasyneura    yuccae    on,    339, 
343-      ■ 

Lestodiplosis  yuccae  on,   385,  408. 

Zeuzera  pyrina,  52. 
Zizia,  Lasioptera  ziziae  on,  322,  327. 
Zygoptera,    251,    253,    254,    256,    258, 
262. 


» 


Appendix  3 

Botany 

Museum  bulletin  122 
[22     Report  of   the   State  Botanist   1907 


Education    Department    Bulletin 

Published  fortnightly  by  the  University  of  the  State  of  New  York 

Entered  as  second-class   matter  March   3,  1908,  at  the  Post  Office  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  under 
the  act  of  Congress  of  July  16,  1894 


NO.  429 


ALBANY.  N.  Y. 


AUGUST  15,  1908 


New  York  State  Museum 

John  M.  Clarke,  Director 
Charles  H.  Peck,  State  Botanist 

Museum  bulletin  122 

REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  BOTANIST  1507 


I- AGE 

I  ntroduction 5 

Species  added  to  the  herbarium.  .       7 
Contributors  and  their  contribu- 
tions         9 

Species  not  before  reported 17 

Some  Additions  to  the  Crataegus 
Flora  of  Western  New   York. 

C.  S.  Sargent 26 

Notes  on  a  Collection  of  Crataegus 
Made  by  Mr  G.  D.  Cornell  in 
the    Neighborhood   of    Cooper 


Plains,    Steuben  County,   New 

York.     C.S.Sargent 84 

New  York  Species  of  Crataegus 

from  Various  Localities.     C.  S. 

Sargent 115 

Remarks  and  observations 131 

New  York  species  of  Pholiota. .  .  141 
Latin  descriptions  of  new  species 

of  plants 158 

Explanation  of  plates 161 

Index I7f 


New  York  State  Education  Department 

Science  Division,  February  5,  igo8 

Hon.  Andrezv  S.  Draper  LL.D. 

Commissioner  of  Education 
My  dear   sir:    I   communicate  herewith,    for   publication  as  a 
bulletin  of  the  State  Museum,  the  annual  report  of  the  State  Botanist 
for  the  fiscal  year  ending  September  30,  1907. 
Very  respectfully 

John  M.  Clarke 

Director 
State  of  A^^tt'  York 
Education  Department 
commissioner's  room 
Approved  for  publication  this  3d  day  of  February  ipo8 

Commissioner  of  Education 


Education   Department   Bulletin 

Published  fortnightly  by  the  University  of  the  State  of  New  York 

Entered  March  3,  1908,  at  the  Post  Office  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  under  the  act   of  Congress  of 
July  16,  1894,  as  second-class  matter 


NO.  4^9  ALBANY,  N.  Y.  AUGUST  15,  1908 

New  York  State  Museum 

John  M.  Clarke,  Director 

Museum  bulletin  122 

REPORT   OF  THE   STATE  BOTANIST   1907 

Dr  John  M.  Clarke,  Director  of  the  State  Museum: 

I  have  the  honor  of  submitting  to  you  my  report  of  work  done 
in  the  botanical  department  of  the  State  Museum  during  the  year 
1907. 

Specimens  of  plants  have  been  collected  in  the  counties  of  Albany, 
Greene,  Herkimer,  Jefferson,  Oneida,  Onondaga,  Putnam,  Rensse 
laer,  Saratoga  and  Steuben. 

Specimens  of  plants  have  been  contributed  by  correspondents  and 
others  which  were  collected  in  the  counties  of  Albany,  Essex, 
Franklin,  Herkimer,  Monroe,  New  York,  Onondaga,  Ontario, 
Orleans,  Richmond,  Seneca,  Steuben,  Tompkins,  Ulster,  Warren 
and  Washington. 

The  number  of  species  of  which  specimens  have  been  added  to 
the  herbarium  is  203.  Of  these,  82  are  new  to  the  herbarium,  121 
are  not.  Of  those  new  to  the  herbarium,  45  are  new  species,  38 
being  species  of  Crataegus,  7  of  fungi.  A  list  of  the  names  of 
the  added  si)ecies  is  given  under  the  caption,  "  Species  added  to  the 
herbariun.." 

The  num])er  of  those  who  have  contributed  specimens  is  72. 
This  includes  those  who  have  contributed  specimens  of  extralimital 
species  and  also  those  who  have  sent  specimens  for  identification 
merely,  if  the  specimens  were  rare  or  if  for  any  other  reason  they 
were  considered  desirable  or  worthy  of  preservation.  A  list  of  the 
names  of  contributors  and  of  their  respective  contributions  is  given 
under  the  heading  "  Contributors  and  their  contributions."  Under 
the   heading,   "  Species   not   before   reported  "   may   be    found    the 


O  NEW    YORK   STATE   MUSEUM 

names  of  species  added  to  our  llura,  with  localities,  remarks  and  de- 
bcriptions  of  new  species,  except  in  species  of  the  genus  Crataegus. 
Localities  and  descriptions  of  new  species  of  these  are  given  in  the 
three  papers  on  this  subject  in  another  part  of  the  report.  These 
papers  have  been  prepared  and  kindly  contributed  by  the  eminent 
and  expert  dendrologist,  Prof.  C.  S.  Sargent.  Unfortunately  many 
of  these  species  are  not  represented  in  our  collection  by  specimens 
and  can  not  yet  be  counted  as  additions  to  the  herbarium.  The 
whole  number  of  species  of  this  genus  added  to  our  fiora  is  88, 
making  the  number  of  New  York  species  of  this  genus  now  known 
185.  But  specimens  of  nearly  all  the  new  species  credited  to 
Coopers  Plains  and  vicinity  have  been  collected  by  the  writer,  and 
with  the  specimens  contributed  by  Mr  G.  D.  Cornell,  these  species 
are  with  one  or  two  exceptions  all  now  represented  in  the  herbarium. 

The  past  season,  in  its  relation  to  the  mushroom  crop  has  been 
very  similar  to  that  of  1906.  Early  in  the  season  there  were  suffi- 
cient rains  but  cool  weather.  These  conditions  were  followed  by  a 
long  period  of  dry  weather  unfavorable  to  the  mushroom  growth, 
and  crowding  it  into  a  short  period  late  in  the  season.  The  number 
of  species  whose  edible  qualities  have  been  tried  and  approved  is  8. 
These  have  been  illustrated  on  five  plates  and  described  as  in  the 
plan  followed  in  the  preceding  report.  The  whole  number  of  New 
York  edible  species  now  illustrated  is  191.  The  number  of  plates 
illustrating  them  and  the  poisonous  and  unwholesome  species  is  114. 

A  revision  has  been  made  of  the  New  York  species  of  the  some- 
what difficult  genus  Pholiota.  The  number  of  species  now  recog- 
nized as  belonging  to  it  is  32.  Revised  descriptions  of  these  have 
been  written  and  a  key  prepared  to  facilitate  the  tracing  of  the 
species  to  their  respective  descriptions. 

The  number  of  those  seeking  information  from  the  botanical 
department  concerning  the  identity  of  plants  or  their  cliaracter  is 
117.     The  number  of  identifications  made  is  891. 

My  assistant,  Mr  Stewart  II.  PiUrnham,  has  disinfected  the  col- 
lections of  1906  which  needed  such  treatment,  labeled  and  arranged 
them  in  their  proper  places,  assisted  in  conducting  the  correspond- 
ence of  the  office,  in  the  identification  of  specimens  of  inquirers 
and  in  giving  them  the  desired  information.  Tie  has  prepared  a 
typewritten  catalogue  of  the  species  of  fungi  described  by  the  State 
Botanist,  and  made  a  typewritten  copy  of  the  present  report. 
Respectfully  submitted 

Charles  H.  Peck 

Albany,  December  31,  iQoy  State  Botanist 


REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  BOTANIST  I907 


SPECIES  ADDED  TO  THE  HERBARIUM 


Neiv  to  the  herbarium 


Ajuga  reptans  L. 

Biatora  prasina  Fr. 

Biatorella  simplex    (Dav.)   B.   &  R. 

Boletus  niveus  Fr. 

Centaurea  solstitialis  L. 

Cetraria  glauca   (L.)    Ach. 

Chaetomium   sphaerospermum   C.    & 

E. 
Cladonia  bacillaris    (Del.)   Nyl. 
Clitocybe  subcyathiformis  Pk. 
Clitopilus  subplanus  Pk. 
Crataegus  acerba  S. 
C.  affinis  S. 

C.  amoena  S. 

C.  anomala   i". 

C.  barryana  S. 

C.  bella  i-. 

C.  claytoniana    i". 

C.  comans   5^. 

C.  cornellii   6". 

C.  desueta  5". 

C.  dewingii   .S". 

C.  dissociabilis  5". 

C.  diversa  i". 

C.  floridula  5". 

C.  frutescens    5". 

C.  fucata   S. 

C.  gracilis  S. 

C.  ignea  S. 

C.  inopinata    S. 

C.  insignata    6". 

C.  inusitula  5". 

C.  limosa   5". 

C.  macrocalyx  S. 

C.  nescia   ^. 

C.  numcrosa    S. 

C.  ovatifolia   S. 

C.  pellecta   S. 

C.  plana  5. 

C.  ramosa  5". 

C.  recta    5". 

C.  rcpulsans    5. 


Crataegus  rubrolutea   S- 

C.  singularis   5". 

C.  spatifolia  5". 

C.  spinifera    5". 

C.  spissa  .S". 

C.  steubenensis  5". 

C.  structilis  Ashe 

C.  suavis   S. 

C.  suborbiculata  5". 

C.  uncta  5". 

C.  verrucalis  Pk. 

Cronartium   ribicola  Dietr. 

Diaporthe  parasitica  Murr. 

Flammula  pulchrifolia  Pk. 

Galium  erectum  Huds. 

Hygrophorus   coloratus   Pk. 

H.  lacmus  Fr. 

Hypocrea  polyporoidea  B.  &  C. 

Lactarius  minusculus  Burl. 

Leaia  piperata  Banker 

Lecidea  platycarpa  Ach. 

Lophiotrema  semiliberum    (Desm.) 

Lotus  corniculatus  L. 

Metzgeria  conjuncta  Lindb. 

Monilia  crataegi  Diedicke 

Myxosporium  necans  Pk. 

Nolanea   suaveolens   Pk. 

Parmelia  cetrata  Ach. 

P.  perforata   (Jacq.)  Ach. 

Pholiota  duroides  Pk. 

Physcia  hypoleuca    {Miihl.)    Tuck. 

Polyporus  spraguei  B.  &  C. 

Polystictus  montagnei  Fr. 

Rinodina   oreina    (Ach.)    Mass. 

Russula  aeruginea  Fr. 

Sphacropsis    lyndonvillae    Sacc. 

S.  persicae  E.  &  B. 

Stereocaulon  coralloides  Fr. 

Stropharia  bilamellata  Pk. 

Trentcpohlia  umbrina   (Kiitz.)   Born. 

Tubercularia  davisiana  Sacc.  &  Trav. 

Viola  vagula  Greene 


NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


A^ot  new  to  the  herbarium 


Aecidium  clematidis  DC. 
Ae.  grossulariae 

(C)iicl.)    Schum. 
Agaricus  arvensis  Schaeff. 
Alsine   longi  folia    (Muhl.)    Br  it  ton 
Amanita  caesarea  Scop. 
A.  formosa  G.  &  R. 

A.  phalloides  Fr. 

A.  rubescens  Fr. 

Amanitopsis  farinosa    {Sclizi'.) 
A  vaginata    (Bull.)    Ro::c 

Aronia  nigra   {IV Hid.)   Britton 
Aster  divaricatus  L. 

A.  panic,   bellidiflorus    (IVilld.) 
Blitum  capitatum  L. 

Boletus  albocarneus   Pk. 

B.  castaneus    Bull. 
B.            chromapcs  Frost 
B.            clintonianus  Pk. 
B.  elbensis  Pk. 

B.  nebulosus  Pk. 

B.  ravenelii  B.  &  C. 

B.  subaureus  Pk. 

B.  subtoinentosus  L. 
Calvatia  elata    (Mass.)   Morg. 
CantharcIIus  cibarius  Fr. 

C.  cinnabarinus  Schw. 
C.  floccosus   Schw. 

C.  minor    Pk. 

Carya  amara    Mutt. 

C.         glabra  odorata  Sarg. 

Castanea  dcntata  Borkh. 

Chrysanthemum   Icucantliemum   L. 

Clitocybc  amcthystina    (Boll.) 

C.  candicans  Fr. 

C.  laccata    (.S'cof>.)    Fr. 

Clitopilus  cacspitosus  Pk. 

Collybia  accrvata  Fr. 

C.  dryophila    (Bull.)    Fr. 

C.  lacunosa   Pk. 

C.  platyphylla  Fr. 

Conringia   oricntalis    ( L.)    Dum. 

Cortinarius   torvus   Fr. 

Crataegus  bissellii  .S". 

C.  uniflnra   Mucurh. 

Cypripcdium  arietimmi   A'.  Br. 

Cystc>|)us  amaranthi   Brrk. 

D.-i^vUotii:,     virt'iiiir:i     (f.   1     lUilton 


Deconica  bullacea  Bull. 

Dryopteris  goldieana  (Hook.)  Gray 

Eleocharis  ovata    (Roth)   R.   &  S. 

Erysimum  cheiranthoides  L. 

Erysiphe  polygoni  DC. 

Euphorbia    polygonifolia   L. 

Elanmiula  lubrica  Fr. 

Fraxinus  lanceolata  Borck. 

F.  pennsylvanica  Marsh. 

Fuligo  ovata   (Schaeff.)  Macb. 

Fusisporium  destruens  PA'. 

Galium  mollugo  L. 

Habcnaria    blephariglottis     (JVilld.) 

H.  ciliaris    (L.)    R.   Br. 

Ilelotium  citrinum   (Hcdzv.)   Fr. 

Hclvclla  infula  Schaeff. 

Hydnum    fennicum   Karst. 

H.  septentrionale    Fr. 

Hygrophorus  borealis  Pk. 

n.  ceraceus   Fr. 

H.  coccineus    (Schaeff.) 

II.  marginatus  Pk. 

H.  pratcnsis    (Pcrs.)    Fr. 

1 1  ypholoma  candolleanum  Fr. 

II.  capnoidcs  Fr. 

H.  inccrtum  Pk. 

H.  subaquilum    Banning 

H.  sublatcritium     (Schaeff.) 

Laclarius  camphoratus  Fr. 

L.  insulsus  Fr. 

L.  ociilatus    (Pk.)    Burl. 

I..  subdulcis   Fr. 

I.  varius   Pk. 

I.oiitinus  sprctus  Pk. 

I.cnzites  sepiaria  Fr. 

Lcpiota  accrina  Pk. 

I,yci)])cr(loii  gemmatum  Batsch 

L.  glabcllum  Pk. 

L.  subincarnatum   Pk. 

Marasinius  glabcllus   Pk. 

M.  inimilus   Pk. 

M.  subnudus    (FJlis)    Pk. 

.Myicna  r... sella  y-V. 

Panus  torulosus  Fr. 

I'axillus  invnlutus  Batsch 

I'lili'bia  radiata  Fr. 

Pholiota   aggericola    Pk. 


REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  BOTANIST  I907 


Pholiota  caperata  Fr. 

P.  discolor  Pk. 

P.  praecox  Pers. 

Polyporus  adustus  JVilld. 

P.  betuHnus   Fr. 

P.  caesius  Fr. 

P.  cuticularis    (Bull.)    Fr. 

Polystictus  biformis  Klotz. 

P.  pergamenus  Fr. 

Psilocybe  conissans  Pk. 

Puccinia  andropogonis  Schw. 

P.  coronata  Cd. 

Russula  crustosa  Pk. 

T. 


Russula  decolorans  Fr. 
R.  emetica  Fr. 

R.  fallax  Fr. 

R.  obscura  Rom. 

R.  ochrophylla  Pk. 

R.  pectinatoides  Pk. 

R.  squalida  Pk. 

R.  uncialis  Pk. 

R.  variata  Banning 

R.  virescens  Schaeff. 

Salix  serissima   (Bail.)  Fern. 
Thelephora  palmata   (Scop.)   Fr. 
Tricholoma  personatum  Fr. 
vaccinum    Pers. 


CONTRIBUTORS  AND  THEIR  CONTRIBUTIONS 

Miss  H.  C.  Anderson,  Lambertville,  N.  J. 
Russula  vesca  Fr.  |    Sclerotinia    tuberosa    (Hedzv.)    Fckl. 

Miss  G.  S.  Burlingham,  Mexico 

Lactarius  aspideoides  Burl.  I    Lactarius  circellatus    (Baft.)    Fr. 

L.  bensleyae  Burl.  |     Peckiella  hymenioides  Pk. 

Mrs  E.  B.  Blackford,  Boston,  Mass. 
Boletus  gracilis  laevipes   Pk.  |    Omphalia  serotina  Pk. 

Miss  M.  C.  Burns,  Middleville 
Cantharellus   floccosus   Schiv. 

Mrs  G.  M.  Dallas,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Oxydcndruin  arboreum    (L.)  DC. 

Mrs  H.  C.  Davis,   Falmouth,  Me. 
Helvella  infula  Schaeff. 

Mrs  L.  L.  Goodrich,  Syracuse 
Chrysanthemum    leucanthcum   tubuliforme    (Tenney) 


Mrs  C.  W.  Harris,  Brooklyn 


Biatora  chlorantha  Tuck. 

B.  laureri    (Hcpp.)    Tuck. 
Cetraria  ciliaris    (Ach.)    Tuck. 

C.  glauca    (L.)    Ach. 
C.  lacunosa  Ach. 

C.  oakesiana    Tuck. 


Cladonia  bacillaris    (Del.)    Nyl. 

C.  caespiticia    (Pers.)   Flk. 

C.  cristatella   Tuck. 

C.  delicata    (Ehrh.)   Fr. 

C.  fimb.  coniocraea    (Flk.) 

C.  fimb.  tubaeformis  Fr. 


NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Cladonia  furcata  (Huds.)  Schrad. 
C.  furc.  paradoxa   Wainio. 

C.  grac.    dilatata     (Hoffm.) 

C.  pyx.  chlorophaea  (Spreng.) 

C.  pyx.   neglecta    (Flk.) 

C.  rangiferina    (L.)    Hoffm. 

C.  turgida    (Ehrh.)    Hoffm. 

C.  verticillata   Hoffm. 

Evernia    furfuracea    (L.)    Maim. 
E.  prunastri    (L.)    Ach. 

Graphis   scripta  Ach. 
Lecanora    pallida    (Schreb.)    Schaer. 
L.  subfusca   (L.)   Ach. 

Parmelia    borreri    rudecta    Tuck. 
P.  olivacea    (L.)    Ach. 

P.  oliv.    panniformis    Nyl. 

P.  perforata    {J acq.)   Ach. 


Parmelia  perlata  (L.)  Ach. 
P.  physodes    (L.)    Ach. 

P.  saxatilis    (L.)   Fr. 

P.  saxatilis  sulcata  Nyl. 

Peltigera   horizontalis    (L.)    Hoffm. 
Pertusaria   communis  DC. 
P.  velata   (Turn.)   Nyl. 

Physcia   aquila   detonsa   Tuck. 
Pyrenula  nitida  Ach. 
Pyxine   sorediata  Ach. 
Ramalina  calic.  fastigiata  Fr. 
Stereocaulon  coralloides  Fr. 
Sticta   amplissinia    (Scop.)    Mass. 
S.  pulmonaria    (L.)    Ach. 

Umbilicaria  pust.  papulosa  Tuck. 
Usnea  barbata  ceratina  Schaer. 
U.  barbata   florida  Fr. 


Miss  A.  Hibbard,  West  Roxbury,   Mass. 
Lactarius    hibbardae    Pk. 

Miss  M.  F.  Miller,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Metzgeria  conjugata  Lindl. 

Miss  A.  M.  Patterson,  Stanford  University,  Cal. 


Agaricus  pattersonae  Pk. 
Amanitopsis    velosa   Pk. 
Hypholoma  appendiculatuni    (Bull.) 
H.  longipcs  Pk. 

Lactarius  rufulus  Pk. 


Lactarius  xanthogalactus  Pk. 
Pleurotus  olearius  DC. 
Pluteolus  luteus  Pk. 
PsathyrcUa   caespitosa  Pk. 
Tricholoma    pcrsonatum    Fr. 


\'i)lvaria    spcciosa    Fr. 


Mrs  A.   M. 

Alsia  abietina  Sull. 
Antitricliia  californica  .S"u//. 
Aulacomnium  androgynum  Schwaeg 
Claopndium    crispifolium    (Hook.) 
Dicranowcisia   cirrliata   Lindl. 
Dicranum    bonjeani    DeNot. 
n.  fusccsccns     Turn. 

I).  scopariuni  Hcdzu. 

F.urhynchium  orcganum   (Sull.) 
E.  stokcsii  B.   &  S. 

E.  stolnnifcrum     (Hook. 

Effntinnlis    antipvrctica   /,. 

'.S  o,Ip 


Smith,   Brooklyn 

I'Dntinalis  kindbcgii  A'.   &  C. 

Hylocomium  lorcum    (L.)    Schimp. 

If.  proliferum    (L.)    Lindh. 

II.  triquctrum(L.)5.  &  S. 

Lsotliocium  brcwcrianum  L.   &  J. 

Xockcra  douglasii  Hook. 

N.  mcnzicsii   Drumm. 

Pliilonotis  fontana  Brid. 

Plagiotbccium   undulatum  B.   &  S. 

Polytrichum  juniperinum    Willd. 
)       Racnmitrium  cancsccns  Brid. 

'    Sclcropodium  cacspitosum  B.   &  S. 
pliylluni      (Sull.)    Grout. 


Miss  T.  L.   Smith,  Worcester,  Mass. 
Coprinus  joncsii   Pk. 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    BOTANIST    I907  II 

Miss  J.  B.  Spruance,  Katahdin  Iron  Works,  Me. 
Gomphidius  flavipes  Pk. 

Miss  M.  L.  SutliflF,  Sacramento,  Cal. 
Omphalia  p3xidala    {Bull.)   Fr.  |    rolyporus  volvatus  Pk. 

Mrs  E.  Watrous,  Hague 
Cypripedium  arietinum  R.  Br.  I    Helvella  gracilis  Pk. 

Dr3-opteris   goldieana    (Hook.)    Gray       Phegopteris  polypodioides  Fee 
Polystichum  braunii    (Spenner)    Fee 

Miss  M.  T.  Wheeler,  Keene  Valley 
Blitum  capitatum  L. 

J.   C.   Arthur,   Lafayette,   Ind. 
Puccinia  agropyri  E.   &  E.  I    Puccinia  crandallii  P.   &  H. 

E.   Bartholomew,    Stockton,    Kan. 

Calvatia    rubroflava    (Crag.)    Morg.     I    Lactarius  vellereus  Fr. 
Collybia  subsulphurea  Pk.  Lycoperdon  pulcherrimum  B.   &  C. 

Tylostoma  mainmosum  Fr. 

M.  S.  Baxter  &  V.  Dewing,  Rochester 

Carex  tribuloides  reducta  Bailey  Meibomia  paniculata    (L.)    Kuntze 

Cyperus  filic.   macilentus  Fernald  Polj'gonum  lapathifolium  L. 

Eleocharis  ovata   (Roth.)  R.  &  S.  Senecio  obovatus  Muhl. 

Euphorbia  polygonifolia  L.  Sisymbrium  altissimum  L. 

H.   C.  Beardslee,  Ashville,  N.  C. 
Amanita  russuloides  Pk. 

H.  Blauvelt,  Coeymans 
Fusicladium  pirinum    (Lib.)    Fckl. 

F.   S.  Boughton,   Pittsford 
Lentinus  lepideus  Fr. 

C.  W.  Boyd,  Tupper  Lake 
Clavaria  fistulosa  Fr. 

F.  J.  Braendle,  Washington,  D.  C. 


Amanita  coccola  Scop. 
Amaniiopsis  volvata    (Pk.)    Sacc. 
Armillaria  mucida    (Schrad.)   Pers. 


Pholiota  confragosa  Fr. 
Pleurotus  lignatilis  Fr. 
P.  ostreatus    (J acq.)    Fr. 


Polyporus  brumalis    (Pers.)   Fr. 


13 


XEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


S.   H. 
Biatorella  simplex   (Dav.)   B. 
Clitocybe  laccata  Scop. 
Clitopilus  caespitosus  Pk. 
Cortinarius  croceus  Fr. 
Crepidotus  croceitinctus  Pk. 
Geoglossum  nigritum    (Fr.) 


Burnham,  Sandy  Hill 

&  R.         H.vgrophorus  lacmus  Fr. 

Lecidea  platycarpa  Ach. 

Polyporus  admirabilis  Pk. 

P.  hispidus   (5m//.)   Fr. 

Rinodina  oreina    {Ach.)   Mass. 
Cke.  Salix  Candida  Fluegge 


Viola  vagula  Greene 


G.  H.  Chadwick,  Albany 

Calyptospora  goeppcrtiana  Kuhn  j    (icaster   hygromctricus   Pers. 

Morchclia  esculcnta   (Pers.)   fr. 

T.  T.  Clohessy,  Utica 
Russula  aeruginea  Fr. 


G.   D.  Cornell,  Coopers   Plains 


Crataegus  accrba  5". 


amoena  S. 
dissociabilis  S. 
diversa  S. 
frutescens  5". 
fucata  S. 
gracilis  5". 
inopinata  S. 


Crataegus  numerosa  S. 

C.  pellecta  5". 

C.  plana  5". 

C.  ramosa  S. 

C.  repulsans   S. 

C.  rubrolutea  5". 

C.  suavis  5". 

C.  uncta  S. 


Aecidiuni  laricis  Kleb. 


J.  J.  Davis,  Racine,  Wis. 

I    Pliytopthora   thalictri    JVils.   &  Dav. 


S.  Davis, 

Clavaria  ainethystinoidcs  Pk. 
C.  ornatipes  Pk. 

Cortinarius  nigrellus  Pk. 
Dcconica  bryophila  Pk. 
Eccilia  cinericola  Pk. 
K.  subacus  Pk. 

Entoloma   dcminutivuiii   Pk. 
E.  murinum  Pk. 

Manimula  hctulina  Pk. 
(ialcra   hypnoruin    (Batsch)    Fr. 
Helvclla  inacropus  brcvis  Pk. 
Ilygrophorus   pcckii   Atk. 
Hypholoma  candolicanum   Fr. 
Inocybc  agglutinata  Pk. 
I.  dccipicns  Bres. 


Boston,  Mass. 

Iiiocybc  fuscodisca    (Pk.)    Mass. 
I.  iiirtclluin  Bres. 

I.  infelix  Pk. 

I.  praetcrvisa  Quel. 

I.  proximclla  Karst. 

I.  riniosa   (Bull.)  Fr. 

Ixotia  punctipcs  Pk. 
Xaucfiria   snroria   Pk. 
C)ini)Iialia  gerardiana  Pk. 
i'anacolus  papilionaceus  Fr. 
Pholiota  marginella  Pk. 
Psatliyrclla  bctulina  Pk. 
Rus.sula  pusilla  7'^'. 
'Iricholonia  pcrsonatum  Fr. 
Tubaria  furfuracea  Pers. 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    BOTANIST    I907  1 3 

W.  T.  Davis,  New  Brighton 
Crataegus   uniflora  Muench. 

J.  Dearness,   London,  Ont. 


Dermatea  crataegicola  Durand 
Diaporthe  microstroma  E.   &  E. 
D.  ulniicola  E.  &  E. 


I^idymosphaeria   thalictri  E.   &  D. 
Puccinia  caricis-asteris  Arth. 
Pucciniastrum    potentillae    Kom. 


F.  Dobbin,  Shushan 


Biatora  prasina  Fr. 

Cladonia  digit,   ceruchoides   ll'ain. 

Parmclia  cetrata  Ach. 


Physcia   hypoleuca    (Muhl.)    Tuck. 
Rinodina  constans   (Nyl.)    Tuck. 
Trentepolilia  nmbrina  {Kiitc.)  Born- 


E.  J.   Durand,   Ithaca 
Microglossum  viride    (Pers.)   Bond.     |    Sclerotinia   fructigena    (Pers.) 

S.  C.  Edwards,   New  Brighton 
Armillaria  mellea   raid  I    Femes   annosus   Fr. 

Lenzites   sepiaria  Fr. 

C.  E.  Fairman,  Lyndonville 
Eutypella  angulosa   (Nke.)   Sacc.         I    Ophiochaete  herpotricha   {Fr.)   Sacc. 
Lophiotrema  semiliberum   (Desm.)  Sphaeropsis  lyndonvillae  Sacc. 

Sphaeropsis  persicae  E.   &  B. 

G.  B.  Fessenden,   Boston,   Mass. 
Clitocybe  subnigricans  Pk. 

O.  E.  Fischer,  Detroit,  Mich. 
Clitocybe  pulcherrima  Pk.  I    Fistulina  pallida  B.   &  R. 

C.  morbifera  Pk.  j    Pleurotus  elongatipes  Pk. 

N.  M.  Glatfelter,   St    Louis,  Mo. 
Boletus  pachypus  Fr.  |    Boletus  subglabripes  Pk. 

Pluteus  leoninus  coccineus  Cke. 

F.  O.  Grover,  Oberlin,  O. 
Dothiorella  aberrans  Pk. 


C.    Guillet,    Toronto,    Ont. 


Claudopus  nidulans    (Pers.)   Pk. 
Clitocybe  nobilis  Pk. 
Collybia  hirticeps  Pk. 


Gcaster  limbatus  Fr. 
Omphalia  curvipes  Pk. 
O.  vestita  Pk. 


Sarcoscypha  coccinea    (facq.)  Fr 


14  Ni:W    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

C.  C.  Hanmer,   East  Hartford,  Conn. 
Leptoglossum    niicrosporum    (C    &  P.)   Sacc. 

W.  E.  Harding,   Linden 
Centaurca  solstitialis  L. 

G.  G.  Hedgcock,  St    Louis,  Mo. 
Ceratostromella  moniliformis  Hedgcock 


G.  T,   Howell,    Rockville,  Ind 
Daedalea  confragosa   (Bolt.)  Pers. 
Hypholoma   rugocephalum  Atk. 
Lentinus  cochleatus  Fr. 


Leiitinus  microspermus  Pk. 
L.  vulpinus  Fr. 

Myccna  leaiana  Berk. 


C.  E.  Jones,  Selkirk 
Conringia  orientalis    (L.)    Diim.  I    Lotus  corniculatus  L. 

C.  H.  Kauffman,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 


Boletus  atkinsoni  Pk. 
Collybia  campanella  Pk. 
Clitopilus  conissans  Pk. 
Cortinarius   rubripes  Pk. 
Entoloma  pcckianum   Burt 


Hydnum  kaufTmani  Pk. 
Pleurotus  porrigens  Pers. 
Polyporus  aurantiacus  Pk. 
P.  osseus  Kalchb. 

Polystictus  vclutinus  Fr. 


Prtria    fuscncarnca  Pers. 

R.  H.  Lane,  Jolon,   Cal. 
Myccna  acicula   (Schaeff.)  Fr. 

G.   G.   Lansing,    Romulus 
Lacstadia   bidwcllii  Ellis 

W.  H.  Leibelsperger,  Fleetwood,  Pa. 
Cordycc'ps  hcrculoa   (Schw.)   Sacc. 

C.    G.   Lloyd,   Cincinnati,   O. 
Pliycomyccs  nitcns    (Ag.)   Kse. 

J.  McPherson,  Trenton,  N.  J. 
IMiociiix  dactylifcra  L.    (undeveloped   fruit) 

A.   P.  Morgan,  Harrison,  O. 
Marasinius   siccus   Schw. 


REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  BOTANIST  I907 


15 


G.  E.  Morris 

Amanita  porphyria  Fr. 
Badhamia  lilacina   (Fr.)   Rost. 
Balansia  hypoxylon   (Pk.)   Atk. 
Clavaria  platyclada  Pk. 
Clitocybe  adirondackensis  Pk. 
Cortinarius  multiformis  Fr. 
C.  rigidus    (Scop.)    Fr. 

Entoloma  variabile  Pk. 
Fuligo  ovata   (Schaeff.)   Macbr. 
Geoglossum  americanum  Cke. 
Guepinia  aurea  Mont. 
Helvella  gracilis  Pk. 
Hygrophorus  borealis  Pk. 

Tylostoma 


Waltham,  Mass. 

Hygrophorus  caprinus   (Scop.)  Fr. 
H.  lacmus  Fr. 

Leotia  chlorocephala  Schw. 
Leptonia  abnormis  Pk. 
Marasmius  siccus  Schw. 
Mycena  epipterygia  Scop. 
M.  galopoda  Fr. 

Nolanea  conica  Pk. 
Panus  strigosus  B.  &  C. 
Pholiota  duroides  Pk. 
Polyporus  volvatus  Pk. 
Tricholoma    grammopodium    (Bull.) 
Fr. 
americanum  Lloyd 


G.  E.  Morris  &  S.  Davis,  Mass. 


Entoloma  modestum  Pk. 


I    Mycena  alcalina  Fr. 


Naucoria  tabacina  bicolor  Pk. 


W.  A.  Murrill,  New  York 

By  exchange 
Diaporthe  parasitica  Murrill 

J.  J.  Neuman,  Horicon,  Wis. 

Hydnum  sulcatipes  Pk.  Poria  medulla-panis    (Pers.)   Fr. 

Trpex  nodulosus  Pk.  P.         obducens   Pcrs. 

Myriadoporus  induratus  Pk.  Steccherinum  adustulum  Banker 

R.    S.   Phifer,   Danville,   Va. 
Lycoperdon   pulcherrimum   B.    &   C. 

R.  R.  Riddell,  Albany 
Lepiota  naucinoides  Pk. 


F.  J.  Seaver,  New  York 


Cordyccps  militaris   (L.)   Link 
Gloniopsis  smilacis    (Schiim.) 
Hypocrea  gelatinosa   (Tode)  Fr. 
H.  patella  C.  &  P. 

Hypoderma  commune    (Fr.)    Dnhy 


Hypomyces   aurantius    (Pers.)    Fckl. 
Hypoxylon  sassafras  Schw. 
Nectria  aureofulva  C.  &  E. 
N.  cinnabarina    (Tode)    Fr. 

Ro.scllinia  aquila   (Fr.)   DeNot. 


E.  B.  Sterling,  Trenton,   N.  J. 

Hygrophorus    psittacinus    (Schaeff.)    I    Russula  pusilla  Pk. 
Lycoperdon   gemmatum   Batsch  |    Tricholoma   fumidellum  Pk. 

Volvaria  speciosa  Fr. 


i6  NEW  Y(;kk  state  museum 

F.    C.    Stewart,    Geneva 
Cronartium    ribicola    Dicir. 


Collybia  hirticeps  Pk. 
Flammula  eccentrica  Pk. 
Monilia  aureofulva  C.   &  E 


D.  R.  Sumstine,  Wilkinsbiirg,  Pa. 

Rhinotriclium   sumstinei  Pk. 
Tlielcphora    caryophyllea    (Schaeff.) 
Zygodesmus  pannosus  B.   &  C. 


Zygodesmus   rubiginosus    Pk. 

H.   von   Schrenk,   St    Louis,   Mo. 
Lepiota   xylophila  Pk. 

J.  M.  Van  Hook,  Wooster,  O. 
Flaninuila  bctulina  Pk.  |    Russula  compacta  Prost 

H.  L.  Wells,  Xcw  Haven,  Conn. 

Lepiota  amcricana  Pk.  |    Trichoioma  alboflaviduni  Pk. 

Tricbolonia  columbetta  Fr. 

F.  B.  Wheeler,  Syracuse 
Cortinarius   lilacinus   Pk.  I    Sporodina    aspcrgillus     (.^cap.) 

Lactarius  turpis  Fr.  |        Schroct. 

T.  E.  Wilcox,  Wasbington,  1).  C. 


Boletus  bicolor  Pk. 
B.  caespitosus   Pk. 

P>.  chrysenteron  Fr. 

\'>.  retipes  B.  &  C. 

\'>.  subsanguineus  Pk. 

llvdtnnn   ftnnicum  Karst. 


Pbylloporus     rbodoxantbus     (Schw.) 
Polystictus   sanguineus    (L.)    Mey. 
Russula   cbamaeleontina   Fr. 
R.  crustosa   Pk. 

R.  rugulosa  Pk. 

Tricbolonia   personatuni   Fr. 


B.  C.  Williams.   Xewark 
Stropliaria    l)ilanR-llata    /'/.-. 

H.   C.  Wilson,    Pealx.dy.   Mas? 
Russula    p(.-ctinali)i(K-s    I'k. 

D.   B.   Young,   .\l))auy 
Marasinius   luiiuitus   Fk. 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    liOTANIST    I907  1 7 

SPECIES  NOT  BEFORE  REPORTED 
Ajuga  reptans  L. 

In  waste  grassy  places.  Rcnisen,  ( )nei!la  co.  June.  Introduced 
from  Europe  and  sparingly  naturalized. 

Biatora  prasina  Fr. 

J^ark  of  sugar  maple,  Acer  s  a  c  c  h  a  r  u  m  L.  Shushan, 
Washington  co.     March.     Frank  Dobbin. 

Biatorella  simplex  (Dav.)  B.  &  R. 

Rocks.  Helderberg  mountains.  July.  S.  H.  Burnham.  This  is 
L  e  c  a  n  o  r  a    p  r  i  v  i  g  n  a    ( Ach.)  Nyl. 

Boletus  niveus  ¥t. 

Sandy  soil.  Karner,  Albany  co.  August.  This  has  by  some 
been  considered  a  white  variety  of  Boletus  scaber  Fr.  It 
appears  to  us  to  be  worthy  of  specific  distinction,  for  it  dififers  from 
that  species  not  only  in  the  color  of  the  pileus  but  also  in  its  smaller 
tubes  and  in  the  character  of  the  stem,  which  is  adorned  with  mere 
scurfy  or  appressed  squamules  instead  of  the  conspicuous  dotlike 
fibrous  scales  of  the  stem  of  B.  scaber. 

Centaurea  solstitialis  L. 

Linden,  Genesee  co.  August.  \V.  E.  Harding.  This  plant  was 
introduced  from  Europe  into  California  many  years  ago.  Whether 
the  plant  has  come  here  from  the  west  or  is  the  result  of  a  more 
recent  introrkiction  from  Europe  is  uncertain. 

Cetraria  glauca  (L.)  Ach. 

On  dead  hemlock,  T  s  u  g  a  canadensis  Carr.  Panther 
mountain,  Essex  co.     June.     Mrs  C.  W.   Harris. 

Chaetomium  sphaerospermum  C.  &  E. 

Bottom  of  a  barrel  standing-  in  a  damp  cellar.  Mcnands,  Albany 
CO.  September.  The  spores  in  our  specimens  vary  from  globose 
to  broadly  elliptic  and  from  .0003-.0004  of  an  inch  in  diameter. 


1 8  NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Cladonia  bacillaris   (Del.)    Nyl. 
Decaying  wood.     Adirondacks.     July.     Airs  C.  W.  Harris. 

Cladonia  delicata  (Ehrh.)  Fl. 

Decaying  wood.  Near  Chilson  lake,  Essex  co.  August.  Mrs 
C.  W.  Harris.  Sand  Lake,  Rensselaer  co.  C.  H.  Peck.  This  was 
formerly  reported  as  a  variety  of  Cladonia  squamosa, 
but  it  is  now  deemed  worthy  of  specific  distinction. 

Clavaria  ornatipes  n.  sp. 

Clubs  1-2  inches  tall,  gregarious,  sparingly  branched ;  stem  slender 
hairy,  fuscous  or  brown,  the  branches  irregular,  terete,  whitish, 
grayish  or  cinereous,  the  tips  acute  or  obtuse ;  spores  broadly  elliptic 
or  subglubose,  .0003-.00045  of  an  inch  long,  .00024-.0003  broad. ^ 

In  low  swampy  woods,  usually  among  mosses.     Sand  Lake. 

In  New  York  State  Museum  Report  24,  page  82  this  was  referred 
to  Clavaria  t  r  i  c  h  o  p  u  s  Pers.  After  seeing  specimens  of 
it  from  other  localities  and  fin  'ing  it  constantly  differing  from  the 
descriptions  of  that  species,  which  is  called  "  snowy  white  "  and  is 
much  brancherl,  it  has  seemed  to  us  to  be  distinct. 

Clitocybe  subcyathiformis  Pk. 

In  damp  places  under  shrubs.  Karner.  October.  For  the 
'Icscription  of  this  species  see  article  on  "  Edible  Fungi." 

Clitopilus  subplanus  n.  sp. 

Pilcus  thin,  broadly  convex  or  nearly  plane,  slightly  depressed  in 
the  center  or  di.stinctly  umbilicate,  glabrous,  whitish  or  grayish 
white,  flesh  white;  lamellae  thin,  close,  adnate  or  slightly  decurrent, 
dingy  flesh  colored;  stem  slender,  glabrous,  terete  or  compressed, 
stuffed  or  hollow,  colored  like  the  pileus;  spores  flesh  colored,  angu- 
lar, uninucleate,  .0004-.0005  of  an  inch  long,  00024-.0003  broad. 

Pileus  1-1.5  iiichcs  broad;  stem  1-1.5  inches  long,  t-2  lines  thick. 

Among  fallen  leaves  and  decaying  vegetable  matter  in  woods. 
Sand  Lake,  Rensselaer  co.  and  Cansevoort.  Saratoga  co.  July  and 
August. 

This  is  closely  related  to  C  1  '  t  o  ]>  i  1  u  s  c  a  r  n  e  o  a  1  b  u  s  With, 
from   which    I   have   separated   it   because  of  the  more   umbilicate 


'  T.atin  descriptions  of  this  nnd  otlicr  new  species  may  be  found  in  the  last  chapter  of 
tliis    rrport. 


REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  BOTANIST  I 


907 


19 


pileus,  the  absence  of  any  reddish  tints  in  the  pileus,  its  stuffed  or 
hollow  stem  and  specially  of  its  larger  spores  which  are  longer  than 
broad. 

Crataegus  anomala  Sarg. 

Crown  Point,  Essex  co.  and  Fort  Ann,  Washington  co.  Flowers 
in  May,  fruit  ripens  in  September.  The  plants  now  referred  to 
this  species  were  formerly  credited  to  C.  e  x  c  1  u  s  a  Sarg.  from 
which  they  may  be  separated  by  the  fruit  which  is  distinctly  nar- 
rowed toward  the  base.  The  species  was  founded  on  specimens 
collected  in  Canada. 


Crataegus  suborbiculata   Sarg. 

Letchworth  park,  Wyoming  co.  Flowers  in  May,  fruit  ripens 
the  last  week  in  September.  This  species  also  was  founded  on 
specimens  collected  in  Canada.  It  is  placed  in  the  group  Punc- 
tatae. 

The  following  species  of  Crataegus  are  here  reported  by  name 
only  as  additions  to  our  flora.  The  names  are  arranged  under  their 
respective  groups.  Nearly  all  are  new  species  of  which  descrip- 
tions, localities  and  remarks  are  contained  in  the  three  chapters  on 
Crataegus,  immediately  following  the  present  one. 

Crataegus  dissociabilis  5". 


S. 


CRUS-GALLI 

Crataegus 

arduennae  5". 

C. 

cerasina  5*. 

C. 

gcneseensis  5". 

C. 

robusta   5". 

PUNCTATAE 

Crataegus 

barbara  5. 

C. 

celsa  S. 

C. 

desueta  S. 

C. 

_  dewingii   5". 

C. 

notabilis  5. 

PRUINOSAE 

Crataegus 

acerba  5". 

C. 

amocna  i'. 

C. 

aridula  S. 

C. 

barryana   5". 

C. 

bronxensis  5". 

C. 

clintoniana  5". 

C. 

congestiflora  5". 

c. 

cruda  S. 

c. 

foliata  5". 

c. 

gracilis  S. 

c. 

implicata  S. 

c. 

inusitula  S. 

c. 

livingstoniana   i 

c. 

macera  S. 

c. 

macrocalyx  S. 

c. 

numerosa  5". 

c. 

oblita  S. 

c. 

ovatifolia  5". 

c. 

pellecta  i". 

c. 

placiva  5". 

c. 

plana  5". 

c. 

promissa  5". 

c. 

pulchra  S. 

c. 

radiata  S. 

c. 

ramosa  5". 

c. 

rubrolutea  S. 

c. 

strigosa  5". 

c. 

tortuosa  5". 

c. 

uncta  S. 

c. 

xanthophylla  S. 

NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


TENUIFOLIAE 

Crataegus 

bella  5-. 

C. 

boothiana  5". 

C. 

claytoniana  S. 

C. 

conferta  i". 

C. 

fucata  6". 

C. 

gracilipes  S. 

C. 

ignea  5". 

C. 

insignata   6". 

C. 

leptopoda  S. 

C. 

luminosa  5". 

C. 

nescia  6". 

C. 

recta  5". 

C. 

slavini  5". 

C. 

spatifolia  5". 

C. 

suavis  5". 

MOLLES 
Crataegus  radians  5". 

FLABELLATAE 
Crataegus  dayana  5". 
C.  gloriosa  5". 

C.  letchvvorthiana  S. 

C.  limosa  6". 

C.  steubenensis  S. 

COCCINEAE 

Crataegus  cliateaugayensis    S. 
C.  harryi  5". 


Crataegus  neobaxteri  i". 
C.  puberis  6". 

C.  spissa  5". 

C.  verrucalis   Pk. 


INTRICATAE 
Crataegus  cornellii    5". 

ANOMALAE 
Crataegus  affinis  .9. 
C.  brachyloba  5. 

C.  floridula  5". 

C.  inopinata  5". 

C.  repulsans  S. 

C.  simulans  5". 

C.  singularis  5". 

TOMENTOSAE 
Crataegus  adniiranda  5". 
C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 


calvini  5". 
comans  5". 
efferata  vS". 
finitima  5". 
frutescens  i". 
lioncoensis  i". 
spinifera  5". 
structilis  Ashe 
venustula   5. 


Cronartium   ribicola    Dii-lr. 

On  living  leaves  of  black  currant,  Ribes  nigrum  L. 
Agricultural  P>:]jerinient  station  grounds.  Geneva.  September  26, 
1906.  V.  C.  Stewart.  Tlii^  is  an  injurious  parasitic  fungus  which 
has  probably  been  recent ly  introduced  into  this  country.  Its  aecidial 
form,  P  e  r  i  d  e  r  m  i  n  ni  s  t  r  o  b  i.  occurs  on  the  trunk  and 
branches  of  white  i)ine  to  which  it  is  more  injurious  than  the 
(  ronartium  is  to  currant  bushes,  l-'ortunately  this  form  has 
not  yet  been  detected  in  this  roinilrx  and  it  is  possible  that  we  tnay 
vet  be    free   from   it. 


Diaporthe  parasitica    Murr. 

I'arasitic  on  the  branches  of  chestnut  trees  to  which  it  is  injurious 
and  eventually  destructive.     Various  places  in  the  vicinity  of  New 


REPORT    OF    TIIIC    STATK    HOTANIST    ICjoy  21 

York.  Our  specimens  are  from  Hroiix  park.  There  are  two  forms 
of  the  plant,  a  summer  or  conidial  form  which  was  collected  in  July, 
and  a  winter  or  perfect  form  bearing  ascospores,  which  was  col- 
lected in  December.  Received  from  W.  A.  Murrill  in  exchange. 
Specimens  have  also  been  communicated  by  G.  G.  Atwood  which 
were  collected  in  Westchester  co. 

Flammula  pulchrifolia  n.  sp. 

Pileus  fleshy  but  thin,  hemispheric  becoming  convex,  slightly  viscid 
when  moist,  hygrophanous,  fibrillose  or,  in  large  specimens,  squamu- 
lose  in  the  center  and  fibrillose  on  the  margin,  pale  pink  or  pallid  on 
the  margin  and  pink  in  the  center,  flesh  white,  taste  bitter  and  un- 
pleasant ;  lamellae  thin,  close,  adnate,  sometimes  slightly  sinuate, 
whitish,  soon  bright  tawny  or  Indian  yellow  becoming  bright  tawny 
ochraceous  with  age ;  stem  equal  or  nearly  so,  stufifed  or  hollow, 
pallid,  sometimes  yellowish  at  the  base,  fibrillose  at  the  top  from 
the  remains  of  the  veil ;  spores  bright  tawny  ochraceous  in  a  thick 
layer,  ochraceous  bufif  in  a  thin  one,  .0003  of  an  inch  long, 
.0002-.00024  broad. 

Pileus  1-2  inches  broad;  stem  1-1.5  inches  long,  1.5-2  lines  thick. 

Decaying  wood  of  hemlock,  Tsuga  canadensis  Carr. 
Menands,  Albany  co.     July  and  August. 

This  beautiful  species  is  easily  recognized  by  the  pink  tint  of  the 
pileus,  the  bitter  flavor  of  its  flesh  and  the  peculiar  bright  colors 
of  its  lamellae  and  spores.  The  fibrils  at  the  top  of  the  stem  when 
stained  by  the  falling  spores  might  be  mistaken  for  a  slight  annulus. 

Galium  erectum  Huds. 

Abundant  along  a  stream  in  an  upland  field  3  miles  southeast  of 
Utica.  June.  J.  V.  Haberer.  The  upright  bedstraw  is  a  recently 
introduced  plant  anrl  is  related  to  wild  madder,  Galium  m  o  1  - 
1  u  g  o    L . 

Hygrophorus  coloratus  n.  sp. 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex  or  nearly  plane,  often  umbonate,  even, 
very  viscid  or  glutinous,  yellowish  red-orange  or  bright  red,  flesh 
white,  yellow  under  the  cuticle ;  lamellae  unequal,  distant,  arcuate, 
adnate  or  decurrent,  white,  sometimes  tinged  with  yellow,  inter- 
spaces venose ;  stem  equal  or  tapering  upward,  glutinous,  stufifed 
or  hollow,  white  or  slightly  tinged  with  yellow,  sometimes  when 
young  showing  a  slight  floccose  veil  near  the  top ;  spores  .0003-.0004 
of  an  inch  long,  .0002-.00024  broad. 


22  NEW    YORK   STATE    MUSEUM 

Pileus  1-2.5  inches  broad ;  stem  2-3  inches  long,  2-4  lines  thick. 

Under  tamarack  and  balsam  fir  trees.  Fulton  Chain,  Herkimer 
CO.     October. 

This  is  a  beautiful  species  of  Hygrophorus  closely  related  to 
H.  speciosus  Pk.  and  H.  aureus  Arrh.  From  the  last  I 
have  separated  it  because  of  its  different  habitat,  its  frequently 
umbonate  pileus,  its  white  or  whitish  stem  and  its  partial  floccose 
white  veil.  By  this  last  character  and  its  persistently  red  or  orange 
colored  pileus  it  is  separable  from  H.  speciosus  Pk.  and 
H.  b  r  e  s  a  d  o  1  a  e  Quel.  It  is  possible  that  further  observation 
may  prove  that  all  these  are  forms  of  one  variable  species. 

Hygrophorus  lacmus  Fr. 

Ground  in  woods  of  deciduous  trees.  Wilburs  Basin,  Saratoga 
CO.     November.     S.  H.  Burnham.     A  single  specimen. 

Hypocrea  polyporoidea  B.  &  C. 

Bark  and  decorticated  wood  of  beech,  Fag  us  americana 
Sweet.  Adirondack  mountains.  Lake  Pleasant,  Hamilton  co.  and 
Star  lake,  St  Lawrence  co.     August. 

Lactarius  minusculus  Burl. 

Among  fallen  leaves  and  mosses  under  white  birches.  Menands, 
Albany  co.  July.  This  species  has  hitherto  been  confused  with 
I>.  s  u  b  d  u  1  c  i  s  Fr.  and  has  been  separated  because  of  its  smaller 
'-ize  and  acrid  or  tardily  acrid  taste. 

Leaia  piperata  Banker 

Decaying  woofl.  Fast  Schagliticoke,  Rensselaer  co.  PL  J. 
r.ankcr.  Meadowflale.  Albany  co.  September.  Remarkable  for 
its  disscitcd  pilous  anrl  its  hot  peppery  flavor. 

Lecidea  platycarpa  Acli. 
Rr)cks.     W'luglins,  Washington  CO.     August.     S.  1 1.  liuniham. 

Lophiotrema  semiliberum   (l)csni.)   .Sacc. 

Oc.-nl  grass  stems.  LyiuJonville,  r)rlcans  co.  May.  C.  I^. 
r'airman. 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATIC    HOTANIST    I907  23 

Lotus  corniculatus  L. 

Selkirk,  Albany  co.  C.  E.  Jones.  An  introduced  plant  sparingly 
naturalized. 

Metzgeria  conjugata  Lindb. 

Peipendicidar  surface  of  rocks.  Shandaken,  Ulster  co.  June. 
Miss  M.  F.  Miller. 

Monilia  crataegi  Diedicke 

Parasitic  on  living  leaves  of  various  species  of  thorn  bushes.  It 
causes  the  leaves  to  turn  brov^n  and  die  and  is  therefore  more  or 
less  injurious  to  the  plant  it  attacks,  according  to  the  severity  of 
the  attack.  The  fungus  is  at  first  whitish,  but  soon  becomes  ciner- 
eous. When  fresh  it  emits  a  strong  odor.  In  the  typical  form  of 
the  fungus  the  spores  are  said  to  be  13/^-  long,  11  //  broad.  In 
our  specimens  they  vary  from  12-20  ij.  long,  and  11-12  n  broad. 
Painted  Post,  Steuben  co.  Also  Clayton,  Jefferson  co.  and  near 
Albany.     May  and  June. 

Myxosporium  necans  n.  sp. 

Acervuli  in  longitudinal  series,  erumpent,  whitish  within,  spores 
oozing  out  in  whitish  or  yellowish  white  tendrils  or  masses;  spores 
oblong  or  elliptic,  .00024-.0004  of  an  inch  long,  .00008-.000012 
broad,  often  binucleate,  supported  on  slender  sporophores. 

Bark  of  living  chokecherry,  Prunus  virginiana  L. 
North  Greenbush,  Rensselaer  co.  June.  The  fungus  attacks  the 
trunk  near  the  base  and  soon  kills  the  shrub. 

Nolanea  suaveolens  n.  sp. 

Pileus  submembranous,  convex,  umbilicate,  obscurely  fibrillose  or 
unpolished,  indistinctly  striate  on  the  margin,  smoky  brown ;  lamellae 
thin,  unequal,  close,  adnate,  whitish  becoming  dingy  pink ;  stem  slen- 
der, glabrous,  hollow,  brown ;  spores  angular,  uninucleate,  .0004- 
.0005  of  an  inch  long,  .00024-.0003  broad. 

Pileus  6-10  lines  broad;  stem  1.5-2  inches  long,  .5  of  a  line  thick. 
Woods.     Sand  Lake,  Rensselaer  co.     August. 

The  dried  specimens  emit  an  agreeable  odor  similar  to  that  of 
L  a  c  t  a  r  i  u  s  c  a  m  p  h  o  r  a  t  u  s  or  L.  g  1  y  c  i  o  s  m  u  s.  This 
character  is  suggestive  of  the  specific  name. 

Parmelia  perforata  (Jacq.)  Ach. 
Trees.     Near  Chilson  lake,  Essex  co.     June.     Mrs  C.  W.  Harris. 


24  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Parmelia  cetrata  Ach. 

Trunks  of  trees  in  swamps.  Sluishan,  Washington  co.  May. 
Frank  Dobbin. 

Physcia  hypoleuca   (.Mulil.)    Tuckm. 
Trunks  of  trees.     Shushan.     April.     Frank  Dobbin. 

Pholiota  duroides  Pk. 

Ground  in  woods  near  Syracuse.  iVugust.  G.  E.  ]\Iorris  and 
C.  H.  Peck.  For  description  of  this  species  see  article  on  "  New 
York  Species  of  Pholiota." 

Polyporus  alboluteus  E.  &  E. 

Decaying  prostrate  trunk  of  spruce,  between  Long  lake  and  Mud 
pond,  Hamilton  co.  Imperfect  specimens  of  this  rare  species  were 
formerly  referred  to  Lenzites  sepiaria  dentifera,  in 
New  York  State  Museum  Report  40,  page  75.  It  has  been  found 
but  once  in  our  State.  The  type  specimens  were  collected  in  Colo- 
rado, the  only  other  locality  at  present  known  for  the  species.  A 
new  genus,  Aurantiporellus,  has  recently  been  founded  by  Dr 
Murrill  on  this  species. 

Polyporus  spraguei  I'..  cK:  C. 

On  old  stumps  of  oak  and  chestnut.  Sand  Lake,  Rensselaer  co. 
and  Wading  River,  Suffolk  co.     July  and  August. 

Polystictus  montagnei   l"r. 

(iround.  ■  .Sand  Lake.  Rensselaer  c<i.  and  Piseco,  I lamilton  co. 
This  is  a  rare  species  with  us.  A  single  s])ecimen  was  found  in 
each  locality.  It  is  distinguished  from  allied  sjiecies  by  the  largt 
size  (jf  its  pores.     The  pilens  is  often  very  irregular. 

Rinodina  oreina  (.\ch.)   Mass. 

Peaked  rock  near  Shushan,  Washington  co.  July.  S.  IT.  Burn- 
ham. 

Russula  aeruginea  Fr. 

Xear  I'tica.  August.  T.  T.  (iMhcssy.  War  Gaiisevoort,  Sara- 
toga CO.     C.  H.  l^cck. 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    P.OTANIST    I907  25 

Sphaeropsis  lyndonvillae  Sacc 

Dead  branches  of  a  cultivated  species  of  Althaea.     Lyndonville, 
Orleans  co.     C.  E.  Fairman. 

Sphaeropsis  persicae  E.  &  B. 

Dead    branches    of    flowering    almond,    P  r  u  n  u  s    j  a  p  o  n  i  c  a 
Thunb.     Lyndonville.     May.     C.  E.  Fairman. 

Stereocaulon  coralloides  Fr. 

Rocks.     Mt    Alarcy.     July.     C.    H.    Peck.     Near    Chilson    lake, 
Essex  CO.     June,     yirs  C.  W.  Harris. 

Stropharia  bilamellata  Pk. 

In  a  plowed  field  near  Xewark,  Wayne  co.     Septer.iber.     B.  C. 
Williams.     See  article  on  "  I'^dible  Fungi." 

Trentepohlia  umbrina   (Kiitz.)    Born. 

Bark  of  canoe  birch,    Betula    papyrifera    Marsh.     Shu- 
shan,  Washington  co.     May.     Frank  Dobbin. 

Tubercularia  davisiana  Sacc.  &  Trav. 

Parasitic  on    Rhytisma    salicinum    (Pers.)   Fr.     Catskill 
mountains. 

Viola  vagula  Greene 

Low  damp  ground  near  \'aughns,  Washington  co.     May.     S.  H. 
Burnham. 


26  NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


SOME    ADDITIONS    TO    THE    CRATAEGUS    FLORA    OF 
WESTERN  NEW  YORK 

BY    C.    S.    SARGENT 

The  following  paper  is  based  chiefly  on  collections  and  observa- 
tions made  by  IVIr  John  Dunbar  of  Rochester  in  Buffalo  and 
Niagara  Falls  between  1901  and  1906.  In  it  are  also  included  a  few 
species  distinguished  at  Rochester  since  the  publication  in  the  fourth 
volume  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Rochester  Academy  of  Science 
in  1903  of  my  paper  on  Crataegus  in  Rochester,  and  a  few  others 
discovered  in  the  valley  of  the  Genesee  river  south  of  Rochester  by 
^Messrs  Baxter  and  Dewing  of  Rochester,  and  in  Canandaigua  and 
Chapinville,  Ontario  co.  by  the  Rochester  botanists. 

I     NUTLETS   WITHOUT   VENTRAL   CAVITIES 

I     CltUS-GALLI 

Leaves  obovate,  cuneate,  coriaceous,  dark  green  and  shining  above, 
mostly  glabrous,  usually  serrate  only  above  the  middle,  their  veins 
thin  except  on  vigorous  shoots  and  often  withjn  the  parenchyma; 
calyx  glabrous ;  fruit  oblong  to  subglobose ;  nutlets  1-3,  obtuse  and 
rounded  at  the  ends,  prominently  ridged  on  the  back. 

Veins  within  the  parenchyma 
Stamens   10  or  less 
Anthers    rose    color ..i     C.    crus-galli     var.    pyracanthifolia 

Anthers   white    2    C.     arduennae 

Veins  prominent 
Anthers  pale  pink 

Stamens  9-10    3     C.    geneseensis 

Stamens  10-20 

Flowers  at  least  1.8  cm  in  diameter,  in  broad  many-flowered  corymbs; 

leaves  broadly  ovate;  fruit  crimson;  spines  stout..  4     C.    robust  a 

Flowers     not     more     than     1.2     cm     in     diameter,     in     few-flowered 

corymbs;    k'aves   narrowly   obovate;    fruit   bright   cherry-red;   spines 

slender    5     C.     cerasina 

Crataegus  crus-galli   var.  pyracanthifolia  Aiton 

Ilort.    Kew.    11.     170    (1788).      Sargent,    Silva    N.    Am.    XIII.   39,   t.   637; 
Kot.   Gazette   XXXV.     100;    Man.   369. 

Niagara  Falls,  J.  Dunbar  and  C.  S.  Sargent  (^  17),  September 
16,  1904,  J.  Dunbar,  September  27,  1905  and  June  1906;  Rochester, 
Baxter  and  Dewing  (  #  314),  June  10  and  October  15,  1905;  also 
at  Niagara  on  the  Lake,  Ontario  and  in  Delaware. 


I 


REPORT    OF    THE   STATE    BOTANIST    I907  27 

Crataegus   arduennae   Sargent 
Bot.  Gazette  XXXV.  zyy  (1903);  Man.  z^z^  f-  291;  Acad.  Sci.  Phila.  Proc. 

582  (1905). 

South  Buffalo,  B.  II.  Slavin  (*  14),  June  6  and  October  1906; 
also  southern  Ontario,  through  southern  Michigan  to  northeastern 
Illinois,  and  in  eastern  Pennsylvania. 

Crataegus  arduennea  was  first  described  as  entirely 
glabrous  but  there  are  often  a  few  hairs  on  the  upper  side  of  the 
midribs  of  the  young  leaves  ;  and  a  few  minute  hairs  can  be  found 
occasionally  on  the  young  pedicels  of  the  Buffalo  plant. 

Crataegus  geneseensis  n.  sp. 

Glabrous  with  the  exception  of  a  few  hairs  on  the  young  leaves. 
Leaves  obovate-oblong,  short  pointed  at  the  rounded  or  acute  apex, 
gradually  narrowed  from  near  the  middle  to  the  concave-cuneate 
entire  base,  and  finely  serrate  above,  with  usually  incurved  teeth ; 
nearly  fully  grown  when  the  flowers  open  about  the  ist  of  June 
and  then  thin,  slightly  hairy  along  the  upper  side  of  the  midribs, 
dark  yellow-green  and  lustrous  above  and  pale  below,  and  at  ma- 
turity subcoriaceous,  dark  green  and  very  lustrous  on  the  upper  sur- 
face, pale  yellow-green  on  the  lower  surface,  4-5-5  cm  long  and  2-2.5 
cm  wide,  with  thin  prominent  midribs,  and  conspicuous  primary 
veins  extending  obliquely  to  above  the  middle  of  the  leaf;  petioles 
slender,  narrowly  wing-margined  sometimes  nearly  to  the  base, 
slightly  hairy  on  the  upper  side  while  young,  soon  glabrous,  5-8  mm 
long;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  oval  and  acuminate  to  obovate  and 
rounded  at  the  apex,  concave-cuneate  at  the  base,  coarsely  serrate, 
often  deeply  lobed,  6-7  cm  long  and  3.5-4  cm  wide,  with  thick  mid- 
ribs, and  stout  broadly  winged  rose  colored  petioles.  Flowers  1-1.2 
cm  in  diameter,  on  slender  pedicels,  in  wide  lax  many-flowered 
corymbs,  the  lower  peduncles  from  the  axils  of  upper  leaves;  calyx- 
tube  narrowly  obconic,  the  lobes  .slender,  elongated,  acuminate, 
minutely  glandular  serrate  near  die  base,  reflexed  after  anthesis; 
stamens  9-1 1,  filaments  persistent  on  the  fruit;  anthers  pink;  styles 
I,  2  or  rarely  3.  Fruit  ripening  in  the  middle  of  October,  on  slender, 
drooping  reddish  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  clusters,  short-oblong,  full 
and  rounded  at  the  ends,  scarlet,  lustrous,  marked  by  large  dark  dots, 
1. 2-1. 5  cm  long  and  1-1.2  cm  wide;  calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a 
deep  narrow  cavity,  and  spreading  lobes,  their  tips  often  deciduous 
from  the  ripe  fruit;  flesh  thin,  yellow,  dry  and  mealy;  nutlets  1-3, 
obtuse  at  the  ends,  rounded  and  slightly  grooved  on  the  back,  about 
8  mm  long,  and  6  mm  in  diameter. 


28  NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

A  tree  3-4  m  high,  with  a  trunk  sometimes  3  dm  in  diameter, 
widespreading  branches  forming  a  broad  flat  topped  open  head, 
and  slender  sHghtly  zigzag  branchlets  Hght  orange-green  and  marked 
by  many  pale  lenticels  when  they  first  appear,  pale  orange  colored 
in  their  first  season  and  dull  gray-brown  the  following  year,  and 
armed  with  slender  nearly  straight,  light  brown  ultimately  gray 
spines  4-4.5  cm  long  and  persistent  and  become  branched  on  old 
stems. 

Banks  of  the  Genesee  river  above  Rochester,  J.  Dunbar  ( "^^  I 
type),  June  i  and  October  23,  1903;  Tuscarora,  Baxter  and  Dewing 
(#295.  a  much  older  tree  with  smaller  leaves),  September  14, 
1904,  and  May  30,  1905. 

Crataegus  robusta  n.  sp. 

Leaves  glabrous,  oblong-obovate,  gradually  narrowed  or  rounded 
and  usually  short  pointed  at  the  apex,  narrowed  from  above  the 
middle  to  the  cuneate  entire  base,  and  finely  doubly  serrate  above, 
with  straight  grandular  teeth ;  nearly  fully  grown  when  the 
flowers  open  about  the  loth  of  June  and  then  thin  and  lustrous  above, 
and  at  maturity  subcoriaceous,  dark  green  and  very  lustrous  on  the 
upper  surface,  pale  yellow-green  on  the  lower  surface,  5-6  cm  long 
and  3.5-4  cm  wide ;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  often  8-9  cm  long  and 
5-6  cm  wide,  with  prominent  pale  yellow  midribs  and  6  or  7  pairs  of 
prominent  primary  veins;  petioles  stout,  wing-margined  often  to 
below  the  middle,  glandular  early  in  the  season  toward  the  apex, 
often  tinged  with  red  in  the  autumn,  7-12  mm  in  length.  Fk)w- 
crs  1.8  cm  in  diameter,  on  elongated  slender  glabrous  pedicels,  in 
broad  lax  many-flowered  corymbs ;  caly.K-tube  narrowly  obconic, 
glabrous,  the  lobes  slender,  acuminate,  glandular  serrate ;  stamens 
10-20;  anthers  ])ale  pink;  styles  usually  2  or  3.  surrounded  at  the 
l)ase  by  a  narrow  ring  of  ])ale  tomentum.  hVuit  ripening  the  end  of 
Scjjtember,  on  long  slcnrlcr  drooping  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  clusters, 
short-oblong  to  obovatc,  crimson,  lustrous,  marked  by  occasional 
large  pale  dots,  about  2  cm  long  and  7-8  mm  u  i(U' ;  calyx  prominent, 
with  a  broafl  shallow  cavity,  and  spreading  and  rclU-xed  or  apjiresscd 
narrow  lobes,  dark  red  on  the  nijpi-r  side  helow  the  middle  and 
oflen  deciduous  from  the  r\\K'  fruit;  llesh  Ihin,  yt'Ilow  green,  dry 
and  mealy;  nutlets  2  or  3.  gradually  narrowe<l  al  the  ends,  rounded 
at  the  base,  ridged  on  tlie  hack,  with  a  low  groovc-d  ridgt-.  about  i 
cm.  long,  and  5  mm  wide. 

A  tree   5-6  m  high,  with  a   trunk  covered   with  dark  scaly  1)ark 


REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  BOTANIST  I907  29 

and  sometimes  3  dm.  in  diameter,  thick  widespreading  branches 
forming  a  symmetrical  round-topped  head  often  6-7  m  in  diameter, 
and  stout  nearly  straight  pale  orange-brown  lustrous  branchlets 
marked  while  young  with  oblong  pale  lenticels,  light  gray  and  shining 
in  their  second  season,  and  armed  with  straight  red-brown  shining 
spines  5-7  cm  in  length,  persistent  and  becoming  branched  on  the  old 
trunk  and  branches. 

Banks  of  the  Niagara  river  above  the  falls,  J.  Dunbar  and  C.  S. 
Sargent  (  ;^  16  type),  September  16,  1904.  J  Dunbar,  June  12, 
1905;  Buffalo,  J.  Dunbar  (#26),  September  30,  1904,  May  28, 
June  12  and  September  26,  1905. 

Crataegus  cerasina  n.  sp. 

Leaves  oblong-obovate,  acute  or  rounded  at  the  apex,  gradually 
narrowed  and  concave-cuneate  at  the  entire  base  and  sharply  doubly 
serrate  above,  with  straight  glandular  teeth  ;  nearly  half  grown  when 
the  flowers  open  about  the  loth  of  June  and  then  glabrous  with  the 
exception  of  a  few  caducous  ])ale  hairs  on  the  upper  side  of  the 
midribs,  thin,  dark  green  and  lustrous  above  and  pale  below,  and 
at  maturity  subcoriaceous,  dark  yellow-green  and  shining  on  the 
upper  surface,  light  yellow-green  on  the  lower  surface,  5-6.5  cm 
long  and  2.6-3.5  cm  wide,  with  slender  yellow  midribs,  and  5  or  6 
pairs  of  thin,  prominent  primary  veins ;  petioles  slender,  wing- 
margined  to  below  the  middle,  1.2-1.5  cm  in  length;  leaves 
on  vigorous  shoots  coriaceous,  often  slightly  lobed  toward  the 
apex,  more  coarsely  serrate  and  sometimes  7  cm  long  and  5  cm 
wide,  with  stout  midribs,  more  prominent  veins,  and  thick  broadly 
winged  reddish  petioles  about  i  cm  in  length.  Flowers  1.2  cm  in 
diameter,  on  long  slender  glabrous  pedicels,  in  few  usually  7-10- 
flowered  compact  corymbs ;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  glabrous, 
the  lobes  slender,  elongated,  acuminate,  glandular  serrate,  slightly 
hairy  on  the  inner  surface  toward  the  base,  reflexed  after  anthesis; 
stamens  10-20;  anthers  pale  pink;  styles  usually  2.  Fruit  ripen- 
ing from  the  middle  to  the  end  of  September,  on  slender  reddish 
pedicels,  in  1-5-fruited  drooping  clusters,  short-oblong,  full  and 
rounded  at  the  ends,  bright  cherry-red,  very  lustrous,  marked  by 
occasional  large  pale  dots,  1-1.2  cm  long  and  8-10  mm  wide;  calyx 
little  enlarged,  with  a  deep  narrow  cavity,  and  slender  spreading, 
persistent  lobes  dark  red  on  the  inner  surface  toward  the  base  and 
slightly  serrate  near  the  middle;  flesh  thin,  yellow,  dry  and  mealy; 
nutlets  2,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a 
hight  broad  ridge,  7-8  mm  long,  and  4-5  mm  wide. 


30  NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

A  tree  5-7  m  high,  with  a  tall  trunk  2-3  dm  in  diameter,  covered 
with  ashy  gray  scaly  bark,  spreading  and  ascending  branches  form- 
ing a  wide  open  round-topped  head,  and  slender  nearly  straight 
branchlets  light  olive-green  and  glabrous  when  they  first  appear, 
becoming  light  orange  color  and  lustrous  during  their  first  season 
and  dark  gray-brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  many 
slender  nearly  straight  bright  chestnut-brown  shining  ultimately 
dark  gray-brown  spines  3-5  cm  in  length. 

Niagara  Falls,  J.  Dunbar  and  C.  S.  Sargent  (,"'^'22,  type),  Septem- 
ber 16,  1904,  J.  Dunbar,  June  12,  1905;  also  (  y^  22A  and  22B), 
J.  Dunbar  and  C.  S.  Sargent,  September  16,  1904,  and  J.  Dunbar, 
June  12,  1906. 


II    PU\CTATAE 

Leaves  usually  thin,  mostly  acute  or  occasionally  rounded  at  the 
apex,  their  veins  prominent ;  stamens  20 ;  fruit  short-oblong  or  rarely 
subglobose  or  obovatc,  often  conspicuously  punctate;  flesh  usually 
dry  and  mealy. 

Anthers  rose  color  or  yellow ;  leaves  obovatc,  often  acutely  lobed 
above  the  middle,  especially  on  vigorous  shoots,  more  or  less  villose 
below ;    fruit   flattened   at   the   ends,   marked   by   large   dots,    dark   red   or 

bright    yellow    i     C.     punctata 

Anthers  dark   rose  color;  leaves   rhombic,  glal)rous  at  maturity 

Leaves  subcoriaceous;   flowers  on  stout  villose  pedicels;  calyx  thickly 
coated    with    matted    white    hairs;    fruit    subglobose,    crimson,    very 

lustrous    2    C.    eels  a 

Leaves    thin;    flowers    on    slender    glabrous    pedicels;    calyx    glabrous; 
fruit       shnrt-oblong       or       sometimes       slightly      obovatc,       orange-red 

slightly  lustrous    3    C.    notabilis 

Anthers   pink;   corymbs  and   leaves   glabrous 

Leaves   oblong-obovate,  acuminate  at  the  base;   fruit  obovate 

4      C.     barbara 

Leaves   ovate    to    oval    or   orI)icular,    abruptly    narrowed    at    the    base; 
fruit  short-oblong   5    C.    dewingii 


Crataegus  punctata  lac(|uin 

Hf.rt.   Vind.    i.      10,  t.   28   (1770).     Sargent,  Silva   N.   Am.    IV.    103,   t.   184; 
Man.  389,  f.  308;  Acad.   Sci.   Diila.   Troc.   583   (ICK)S). 

lUiffalo,  J.  Dunbar  (*5),  May  21  and  Scpteinber  25,  1903; 
also  from  Canada  to  Illinois  and  to  the  mountains  of  western  North 
Carolina. 


REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  BOTANIST  I907  3I 

Crataegus  celsa  n.  sp. 

Leaves  nioniDic  to  oblong-obovate,  acute  or  acuminate  at  tue 
apex,  grauuaiiy  narrowea  ana  concave-cuiieatc  at  Uic  entire  oase, 
nnely  uoubiy  serrate  above,  witn  nicurveu  glanuuiar  teeui,  ana 
sligntiy  uiviUecl  above  tne  midale  into  4  or  5  pairs  ot  small  acute 
loDes ;  about  Half  grown  wiien  tiie  tlowers  open  during  tne  last  weetc 
ot  May  and  then  membranaceous,  lignt  yellow-green  and  sparingly 
viliose  especially  on  tlie  midribs  and  veins,  and  at  maturity  subcori- 
aceous,  glabrous,  dark  green  and  lustrous  on  the  upper  surlace, 
pale  on  the  lower  surface,  5-7  cm  long  and  3.5-5  cm  wide,  with 
slender  prominent  midribs  and  5-7  pairs  of  primary  veins  extending 
obliquely  toward  the  apex  of  tne  leaf  and  deeply  impressed  on  its 
upper  side;  petioles  slender,  narrowly  wing-margined  often  nearly 
to  the  middle,  slightly  viUose  while  young,  soon  becoming  glabrous, 
often  rose  color  in  tne  autumn,  1.5-2  cm  in  length;  stipules  linear, 
minutely  glandular,  fading  brown,  caducous;  leaves  on  vigorous 
shoots  thicker,  more  coarsely  serrate  and  sometimes  9-10  cm  long 
and  8^  cm  wide,  with  thick  rose  colored  midribs  and  stout  broadly 
winged  petioles.  Flowers  1.5  cm  in  diameter,  on  stout  viliose  pedi- 
cels, in  compact  many-flowered  hairy  corymbs,  with  linear  to  linear- 
obovate  slightly  glandular  caducous  bracts  and  bractlets ;  calyx-tube 
narrowly  obconic,  thickly  coated  with  long  matted  white  hairs,  the 
lobes  wide,  acuminate,  glandular  serrate,  glabrous  on  the  outer, 
viliose  on  the  inner  surface  below  the  middle;  stamens  20;  anthers 
small,  dark  rose  color;  styles  usually  3.  Fruit  ripening  early 
in  October,  on  stout  reddish  drooping  pedicels,  in  wide  many- fruited 
clusters,  subglobose,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  crimson,  very 
lustrous,  marked  by  large  pale  dots,  about  i  cm  long  and  8  or  9 
mm  wide ;  calyx  prominent,  with  a  deep  narrow  cavity,  and  large 
spreading,  closely  appressed,  light  green  persistent  lobes ;  flesh  thin, 
yellow,  dry  and  mealy;  nutlets  3,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  or 
narrow  and  acuminate  at  the  apex,  rounded  and  slightly  ridged  on 
the  back,  with  a  broad  low  ridge  7-8  mm  long,  and  5  mm  wide. 

An  arborescent  shrub  sometimes  7  m  high,  with  numerous  stems 
covered  with  dark  gray  scaly  bark,  spreading  and  ascending 
branches,  and  stout  slightly  zigzag  branchlets  dark  olive-green  and 
sparingly  hairy  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  light  orange-brown, 
very  lustrous  and  marked  by  large  oblong  lenticels  in  their  first  sea- 
son and  pale  gray-brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  numer- 
ous stout  nearly  straight  purple  shining  spines  5-6  cm  long,  often 
pointing  toward  the  base  of  the  branch,  and  generally  persistent  on 
old  stems. 


32  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Niagara  Falls,  J.  Dunbar  (*  32,  type),  September  28,  1905,  and 
May  28,  1906. 

Similar  to  Crataegus  pausiaca  Ashe,  in  habit,  in  the 
color  of  the  branchlets  and  in  the  shape  and  venation  of  the  leaves, 
this  species  differs  from  it  in  its  larger  flowers  on  much  shorter 
pedicels,  in  the  more  villose  calyx-tube  and  much  broader,  more 
foliaceous  calyx-lobes,  and  in  the  smaller  subglobose  crimson  fruit 
on  shorter  stalks. 

Crataegus  notabilis  n.  sp. 

Leaves  rhombic,  acuminate,  gradually  narrowed  and  acute  at 
the  entire  base,  coarsely  doubly  serrate  above,  with  incurved  or 
straight  glandular  teeth,  and  diviued  above  the  middle  into  2  or  3 
pairs  of  small  acuminate  spreading  lobes;  wlien  tney  unfold  slightly 
tinged  with  red  and  glabrous  with  ilie  exception  of  a  few  scattered 
pale  hairs  along  the  upper  side  of  the  midribs,  membranaceous  and 
about  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  at  the  end  of  May,  and 
at  maturity  thick  and  firm,  glabrous,  smooth  and  dark  yellow-green 
on  the  upper  surface,  pale  blue-green  on  the  lower  surface,  6-7  cm 
long  and  4-4.5  cm  wide,  with  prominent  yellow  midribs,  and  tliin 
primary  veins  extending  very  obliquely  to  the  points  of  the  lobes; 
petioles  slender,  broadly  wing-margined  often  to  below  the  middle, 
occasionally  furnished  early  in  the  seasoil  with  minute  deciduous 
glands,  glabrous,  2-^  cm  in  length ;  stipules  linear,  glandular,  fading 
brown,  caducous.  Flowers  1.2  cm  in  diameter,  on  long  slender 
glabrous  pedicels,  in  usually  6-8-flowered  lax  thin-branched  corymbs, 
with  linear  bracts  and  bractlets,  the  lower  peduncles  from  the  axils 
of  the  upper  leaves;  calyx-tube  broadly  obconic,  glabrous,  the  lobes 
slender,  acuminate,  entire  or  slightly  dentate  above  the  middle, 
glabrous  on  the  outer,  slightly  villose  on  the  inner  surface,  reflexed 
after  anthesis ;  stamens  20;  filaments  persistent  on  the  ripe  fruit; 
anthers  large,  red-purple ;  styles  3-5.  Fruit  ripening  early  in 
October,  on  long  drooping  pedicels,  in  few- fruited  clusters,  short- 
obl(jng  or  slightly  ob<jvate,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  orange-red, 
marked  by  occasional  large  dark  dots,  8-10  mm  long,  7-8  mm  in 
diameter;  calyx  prominent,  with  a  short  tube,  a  deep  narrow  cavity, 
and  slender  spreading  ])crsistent  lobes;. flesh  thin,  yellow,  hard  and 
dry;  nutlets  3-5,  rounded  at  the  ends,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a 
broad,  low  grooved  ridge,  light  colored,  5-^)  mm  long,  and  about 
4  mm  wide. 

.\ii    arljorcscent    shrub    57    m    high,    with    stout   ascending   and 
spreading  stems  covered  with  dark  gray  scaly  bark,  small  spreading 


REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  BOTANIST  I907  33 

branches  forming  a  narrow  open  head,  and  slender  sliglitly  zigzag 
glabrous  branchlets  dull  orange-green  and  marked  by  many  small 
pale  lenticels  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  light  orange-brown 
or  chestnut-brown  and  lustrous  in  their  first  season  and  dull  gray- 
brown,  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  numerous  very  slender 
nearly  straight  dark  chestnut-brown  or  purplish  shining  ultimately 
ashy  gray  spines  3.5-5  cm  in  length,  persistent  and  becoming 
branched  on  old  stems. 

Buflfalo,  J.  Dunbar  (;*  14,  type),  June  i  and  September  24  and 
30,  1904. 

Crataegus  barbara  n.  sp. 

Glabrous  with  the  exception  of  the  hairs  on  the  inner  surface  of 
the  calyx-lobes.  Leaves  oblong-obovate,  acuminate,  gradually  nar- 
rowed to  the  long  slender  acuminate  entire  base,  finely  serrate  above, 
with  minute  incurved  teeth,  and  only  slightly  lobed  near  the  apex; 
nearly  fully  grown  when  the  flowers  open  during  the  first  week 
of  June  and  then  thin,  dark  green,  smooth  and  lustrous  above  and 
pale  below,  and  at  maturity  subcoriaceous,  dark  green  and  very 
lustrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  on  the  lower  surface,  5.5-7  cm 
long  and  2.5-3  ^"^  wide,  with  stout  yellow  midribs,  and  thin  very 
prominent  primary  veins  extending  obliquely  toward  the  apex  of 
the  leaf;  petioles  slender,  narrowly  wing-margined  nearly  to  the 
middle,  1.5-2.5  cm  in  length;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  oblong  to 
obovate,  narrowed  to  the  ends,  more  coarsely  serrate,  often  deeply 
divided  into  i  or  2  narrow  acuminate  lateral  lobes,  frequently 
9-10  cm  long  and  4.5-6  cm  wide,  with  stout  broadly  winged  petioles. 
Flowers  1.3-1.5  cm  in  diameter,  on  long  slender  pedicels,  in  wide  lax 
many-flowered  corymbs,  the  lower  peduncles  from  the  axils  of  upper 
leaves;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  glabrous,  the  lobes  slender,  acu- 
minate, finely  glandular  serrate,  glabrous  on  the  outer,  sparingly 
villose  on  the  inner  surface,  reflexed  after  anthesis ;  stamens  20; 
anthers  pale  pink ;  styles  2-4.  Fruit  ripening  the  middle  of  October, 
on  long  slender  reddish  pedicels,  in  drooping  few-fruited  clus- 
ters, oblong-obovate,  rounded  at  the  apex,  gradually  narrowed 
from  below  the  middle,  abruptly  compressed  at  the  ofte\i  oblique  base 
and  decurrent  on  the  pedicels ;  calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a  very 
narrow  deep  cavity,  and  spreading  closely  appressed  persistent 
lobes,  flesh  thin,  juicy,  pale  yellow ;  nutlets  3-5,  acute  at  the  ends  or 
narrowed  and  rounded  at  the  base,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  low 
grooved  ridge,  7-8  mm  long,  and  4-5  mm  wide. 
2 


34  ^'EW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

A  tree  sometimes  7  m  high,  with  a  short  trunk  2-2.5  "^"^  i"  diam- 
eter, erect  branches  forming  a  broad  open  head,  and  stout  zigzag 
glabrous  branchlets,  light  orange-yellow  and  marked  by  large  pale 
lenticels  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  light  orange  color  and 
lustrous  in  their  first  season,  and  armed  with  numerous  nearly 
straight  or  curved  spines  2.5-6  cm  long  and  becoming  dark  gray  or 
purple  in  their  second  or  third  seasons. 

Brighton,  near  Rochester,  B.  H.  Slavin  (.■^2,  type),  October 
14,  1903,  and  June  4,  1905. 

Crataegus  dewingii  n.  sp. 

Leaves  ovate  to  oval  or  rarely  orbicular,  acuminate,  abruptly 
concave-cuneate  at  the  entire  base,  finely  doubly  serrate  above,  witii 
straight  glandular  teeth,  and  very  slightly  divided  above  the  middle 
into  4  or  5  pairs  of  small  acuminate  lobes;  deeply  tinged  with 
red  when  they  unfold,  about  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  at 
the  end  of  May  and  then  thin,  yellow-green  and  glabrous  with  the 
exception  of  a  few  caducous  hairs  along  the  upper  side  of  the 
midribs,  and  at  maturity  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  dark  green  and 
lustrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  bluish  green  on  the  lower  sur- 
face, 5-7  cm  long  and  4-5  cm  wide,  with  stout  yellow  midribs,  and 
thin  primary  veins  arching  obliquely  to  the  points  of  the  lobes; 
petioles  slender,  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  villose  on  the  upper 
side  while  young,  slightly  glandular,  2.5-3  cm  in  length ;  leaves  on 
vigorous  shoots  often  oblong-ovate,  more  coarsely  serrate,  deeply 
divided  into  broad  lateral  lobes  and  5-6  cm  long.  Flowers  1.8-2 
cm  in  diameter,  on  slender  glabrous  pedicels,  in  4-13-flowered  lax 
corymbs,  with  broadly  obovate  to  linear-obovate  caducous  bracts  and 
bractlets  fading  brown ;  calyx-tube  broadly  obconic,  glabrous,  the 
lobes  abruptly  narrowed  from  the  base,  broad,  acuminate,  entire  or 
slightly  serrate  near  the  middle,  glabrous  on  the  outer,  sparingly 
villose  on  the  inner  surface,  retlexed  after  anthesis ;  stamens  20; 
anthers  pink ;  styles  4  or  5,  surroundcil  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring 
of  pale  tomcntum.  Fruit  ripening  from  the  middle  to  the  end  of 
September,  on  stout  red  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  drooping  clusters, 
short-oblong,  full  and  rounded  at  the  emls,  crimson,  pruinose, 
becoming  lustrous,  marked  by  many  small  pale  dots,  1-1.2  cm  in 
diameter;  calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a  broad  deep  cavity,  and  spread- 
ing often  incurved  persistent  lobes  villose  on  the  upper  side;  flesh 
thin,  hard,  dry  anrl  mealy;  nutlets  4  or  5,  gradually  narrowed  and 
rounded  at  the  ends,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  high  narrow  ridge, 
y-%  mm  long,  and  4  5  mm  wiflc. 


Rici'ORT  OF  'I1II-:  s'l'A'ii-:  luiiAXisr   1907  35 

A  tree  sometimes  8  m  high,  with  a  trunk  2  m  lung  and  1.5  Jm  in 
diameter,  covered  with  ritlged  and  scaly  gray  bark,  drooping  and 
widespreading-  branches,  and  slender  nearly  straight  glabrous 
branchlets  dull  red  and  marked  hy  ])ale  Icnticels  when  they  first 
appear,  becoming  bright  chestnut-brown  and  lustrous  in  their  first 
season  and  pale  gray-brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with 
few  slender  nearly  straight  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  3-3.5 
cm  long. 

Open  thickets  in  clay  soil,  Belfast,  Allegany  co.,  Baxter  and 
Dewing  ("^  285,  type),  September  14,  1904,  May  29  and  September 
14,  1905;  (  -^  212X),  May  30,  1903,  September  14,  1904,  Septem- 
ber 19,  1905. 

This  interesting  species,  which  is  doubtfully  referred  to  this 
group,  is  named  for  Mr  Vincent  Dewing  who  with  Mr  Baxter  has 
carefully  studied  and  industriously  collected  the  large  number  of 
species  of  Crataegus  growing  in  several  of  the  towns  of  the  upper 
Genesee  valley  in  New  York. 


Ill      PRUINOSAE 

Fruit  subglobose  to  short-oblong  or  obovate,  red  or  green,  often 
slightly  5-angled,  generally  pruinose  especially  during  the  summer ; 
flesh  hard  and  dry ;  leaves  thin  to  subcoriaceous. 

Stamens  20 

Anthers  rose  color,  pink  or  red 
Leaves  glabrous 
Corymbs    glabrous 

Corymbs   many-flowered i     C.    p  r  u  i  n  o  s  a 

Corymbs   few-flowered 

Leaves    cuneate    at    the    base;    fruit    conspicuously    5    angle    and 

mammillate    below    the    middle 2     C.     arcana 

Leaves  often  rounded  at  the  broad  base;  fruit  not  mammillate 
Leaves    subcoriaceous;    flowers    not    less    than     1.8    cm    in 

diameter,    on    long   pedicels 3     C.     gracilis 

Leaves     thin;      flowers      i. 2-1.4     cm     in     diameter,    on      short 

pedicel  s 4     C  .    a  ni  o  e  n  a 

Corymbs  villose 5     C  .    c  1  i  n  t  o  n  i  a  n  a 

Young  leaves  roughened  above  1)y  short  white  hairs 6  C  .    o  h  1  i  t  a 

Anthers   yellow 

Leaves  glabrous   7    C.     c  o  g  n  a  t  a 

Leaves  slightly  hairy  above  while  _\oung 

Leaves     oblong-ovate;     corymbs     maiiy-lLnvered ;     spines     short     and 

stout .  8    C  .     f  o  r  m  o  s  a 

Leaves     broadly     ovate ;     corymbs     few-flowered ;     spines     long     and 
slender   9    C.    leiophylla 


36  NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Stamens   10  or  less 

Anthers  rose  color,  purple  or  pink 
Leaves  glabrous 
Fruit   short-oblong 
Leaves    slightly    lobcd;     fruit    chcrr\--rcd,     pruinose,     1-1.2    cm    in 

diameter 10    C.  pulchra 

Leaves    deeply    lobed ;    fruit    crimson,    not    pruinose,    1.5-1.7    cm    in 

diameter 11     C.    radiata 

Fruit  obovate  u    C  .    a  r  i  d  u  1  a 

Leaves  villose  above  while  young 
Fruit  obovate 
Flowers  not  more  than   1.6  cm   in  diameter,   in  very  compact  4-6- 
flowered    corymbs;    stamens     usually    S;    anthers    dark    rose 

color    13     C  .    c  o  n  g  e  s  t  i  f  1  o  r  a 

Fruit   subglobose    : 15     C  .     m  a  i  n  c  a  n  a 

Flowers     at     least     2cm     in     diameter,     in     bread     loose     corymbs; 

stamens    10;    anthers   pink 14     C.    plana 

Fruit  subglobose 15     C.    m  a  i  n  e  a  n  a 

Leaves  scabrate  above  while  young 
Leaves  thick 
Leaves  blue-green 

Stamens  10;  fruit  short-oblong  to  obovate..  16     C.    placiva 

Stamens   5;    fruit   obovate 17     C.    tortuosa 

Leaves  yellow-green    18     C.    x  a  n  t  h  o  p  h  y  1 1  a 

Leaves  thin 
Leaves  blue-green 

Flowers     in     2-8-flowcrcd     compact     corymbs ;     fruit     subglobose, 

pruinose 19     C.    i  m  p  1  i  c  a  t  a 

Flowers     in     wide     lax     many-flf)wcrc(l     ciiryinl)s;     fruit     oblong' 

obovate,  not  pruinose 20    C.    p  r  o  in  i  s  s  a 

Leaves  yellow-green 

Leaves  scabrate  at  maturity 
Flowers     not     more     than     i.S     cm     in     diameter;     calyx-lobes 

glaljrnus;   fruit   short-oblong,  on  drt)oping  pedicels 

21      C.     strigosa 

Flowers  at   least   2   cm   in   diameter;   calyx-lobes  villose  on  the 

inner   surface;    fruit    fibovate,    on    erect   pedicels 

22     C  .      b  a  r  r  y  a  n  a 

Leaves  glabrous  at  maturity 
Anthers    dark    rose    cninr;    calyx-lnbes    short    and    broad;    fruit 

on  long  drooping  pedicels   23     C.    foliata 

Anthers    pale    pink;'    calyx-lobes    long    and    slender;     fruit    on 

sliorter   pedicels    24     C  .    c  r  u  d  a 

Anthers    yellow;    flowers    on    villose    pidicels,    in    compact     5  7-flovvcred 

corymbs;  styles  hirsute  to  the  middle;  ytmng  K'aves  scalirate 

25      C  .    i  n  u  s  i  t  u  1  a 


REroRT  OF  Till':  STAii':  r.oTAXisT  1907  37 

Crataegus  pruinosa  K.  Koch 

Verhandl.    Prcuss.    Gart.    Vcrcin,    nciie    Rcihe    i.      246   (1854).     Sargent, 
Silva   N.   Am.   XIII.  61,  t.  648;   :\Iaii.  411,   f.  331;  Acad.   Sci.   Phila.   Prcc. 
585   (1905)- 
P.iififalo,  J.  Dunbar  ("^2,  6  and  45),  1902-5. 

Crataegus  arcana  Beadle 
Bilt    Bot.    Studies    l.      122     (1902).      Sargent,    Bot.    Gazette    XXXV.    lOi  ; 
Acad.  Sci.  Phila.  Proc.  588  (iqo.t). 

Niagara  Falls,  J.  Dunbar  and  C.  S.  Sargent  ("^24),  September 
16,  1904;  J.  Dunbar,  May  28,  1905;  also  eastern  Pennsylvania  to 
western  North  Carolina. 

Crataegus  gracilis  n.  sp. 
Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  rounded  or  abruptly  cuneate  at  the  broaa 
entire  base,  sharply  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  glandular 
teeth,  and  divided  into  3  or  4  pairs  of  short  acuminate  lateral  lobes ; 
when  they  unfold  deeply  tinged  with  red  and  glabrous  with  the 
exception  of  occasional  caducous  hairs  along  the  upper  side  of  the 
midribs,  nearly  fully  grown  when  the  flowers  open  at  the  end  of 
JMay  and  then  membranaceous  and  dull  yellow-green,  and  at  matur- 
ity subcoriaceous,  dark  blue-green,  smooth  and  lustrous  on  the  upper 
surface,  paler  on  the  lower  surface,  5-6  cm  long  and  3.5-4  cm  wide, 
with  slender  yellow  midribs  and  4  or  5  pairs  of  thin  primary  veins; 
petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  glandular,  with 
occasional  scattered  dark  glands,  8-10  mm  long;  stipules  linear  or 
linear- falcate,  glandular,  fading  rose  color,  deciduous;  leaves  on 
vigorous  shoots  coriaceous,  nearly  triangular,  mostly  truncate  at 
the  base,  coarsely  serrate,  deeply  lobed,  often  8-9  cm  long  and 
9-10  cm  wide,  with  stout  reddish  midribs,  broadly  margined  con- 
spicuously glandular  petioles  2-2.5  cm  in  length,  and  foliaceous 
lunate  coarsely  serrate  stipules.  Flowers  about  1.8  cm  in  diameter, 
on  long  slender  glabrous  pc  Heels,  in  compact  6-io-flowered  corymbs, 
with  linear  glandular  red  bracts  and  bractlets ;  calyx-tube  broadly 
obconic,  glabrous,  the  lobes  abruptly  narrowed  from  broad  bases, 
slender,  acuminate,  glabrous,  entire  or  occasionally  minutely  glandu- 
lar toward  the  base ;  stamens  20 ;  anthers  pale  pink,  filaments  per- 
sistent on  the  fruit;  styles  3-5,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  tufts  of 
long  pale  hairs.  Fruit  ripening  late  in  September,  on  slender  droop- 
ing pedicels,  in  few-fruited  clusters,  depressed-globose,  green  tinged 
with  red  or  orange  color,  pruinose,  about  i  cm  in  diameter ;  calyx 


^8  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

prominent,  with  a  short  tube,  a  broad  shaHow  cavity,  and  wide- 
spreading  and  sHghtly  incurved  lobes,  dark  red  on  the  upper  side 
toward  the  base ;  flesh  thin,  dry,  greenish  yellow  ;  nutlets  3-5,  full 
and  roun;!cd  at  the  base,  narrowed  and  rounded  at  the  apex,  ridged 
on  the  back,  wrth  a  high  rounded  ridge,  dark  colore:!,  8-9  mm  long, 
and  about  5  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  2-t,  m  high,  with  numerous  ascending  stems  spreading 
into  broad  thickets,  and  covered  below  with  ashy  gray  bark,  and 
stout  slightly  zigzag  glabrous  branchlets  green  tinged  with  red  when 
they  first  appear,  soon  becoming  bright  chestnut-brown  and  lustrous 
and  marked  by  large  pale  lenticels,  and  armed  with  many  stout 
nearly  straight  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  4-6  cm  long  and 
usually  pointmg  toward  the  base  of  the  branch. 

Niagara  Falls,  J.  Dunbar  and  C.  S.  Sargent  (;^26,  type),  Sep- 
tember 16,  i(p4,  J.  Dunbar,  May  28,  np5. 

Crataegus  amcena  n.  sp. 
Leaves  ovate,  acute  or  acuminate,  concavc-cuneate  or  rounded  at 
the  entire  base,  finely  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  or  incurved 
glandular  teeth,  and  divided  above  the  middle  into  2  or  3  pairs  of 
broad  acute  lobes;  slightly  tinged  with  red  when  they  unfold,  ab;)ut 
half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  at  the  end  of  May  and  then  thin, 
smooth  and  light  yellow-green  above  and  pale  below,  and  at  maturity 
thin  but  firm  in  texture,  dark  bluish  green  on  the  upper  surface,  pale 
on  the  lower  surface,  4-6  cm  long,  3.5-5  cm  wide,  with  slender  mid- 
ribs often  tinged  with  rose  in  the  autumn,  and  3  or  4  ])airs  of  ob- 
scure primary  veins;  petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the 
apex,  deeply  grooved,  sparingly  glandular  while  young,  1.5-2.5  cm 
in  length;  stipules  linear,  glandular,  lading  brown-,  caducous;  leaves 
on  vigorous  shoots  rounded  or  cuneate  at  the  broad  base,  6-7  cm 
long  and  5-6  cm  wide,  b'lowers  1.2  1.4  cm  in  diameter,  on  short 
slender  pedicles,  in  compact  most  4  ()  llowcred  corymbs;  calyx- 
tube  broadly  obconic,  the  lobes  gradually  narrowed  from  wide  bases, 
short,  acimiinate,  generally  entire;  stamens  20;  anthers  creamy  white 
sulTnsed  with  pink;  styles  35.  i'"ruit  ripening  from  the  middle 
to  the  end  of  (  )ctober,  on  stont  erect  pedicels,  in  few-fruited 
clusters,  sul)globose  to  short  oblong,  dark  rid,  pruinose,  1-1.2  cm 
in  diameter;  calyx  prominent,  with  a  broad  dcip  lavity,  and  sjjread- 
ing  lobes  dark  red  on  the  up])er  side  toward  the  base;  flesh  thin, 
hard,  greenish  yellow;  nutlets  35.  gradually  narrowed  and  rounded 
at  the  ends,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  high  n.uidw  rounded  rid^''. 
dark  colored,  about  7  mm  long,  and  5  mm  wide. 


RKPORT  OF  Tin;  STATK  HOTANIST  I907  39 

A  shrub  3-4  111  high,  with  ascciicHiig  and  spreading  stems  covered 
below  with  dark  red  bark,  and  slender  sHghtly  zigzag  branchlets 
oHve-green  deeply  tinged  with  red  when  they  first  appear,  becoming 
bright  chestnut-brown  and  very  histrous  and  marked  by  occasional 
large  dark  lenticels  in  their  first  season  and  dull  gray  the  follmving 
year,  and  armed  with  numerous  slender  nearly  straight  purple  spines 
4-6  cm  long,  and  persistent  and  branched  on  old  stems. 

Niagara  Falls.  J.  Dunbar  and  C.  S.  Sargent  (^-^i,  type),  Sep- 
tember 16,  1904,  J    Dunbar,  May  28,  1905. 

Crataegus  clintoniana  n.  sp. 
Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  cuneate  or  rounded  at  the  entire  base, 
finely  and  often  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  glandular  teeth, 
and  divided  into  4  or  5  pairs  of  narrow  acuminate  lateral  lobes  ;  when 
they  unfold  tinged  with  red,  sparingly  villose  on  the  upper  surface 
and  villose  below  along  the  midribs  and  veins  and  furnished  with 
axillary  tufts  of  matted  pale  hairs,  nearly  half  grown  when 
the  flowers  open  about  the  20th  of  May  and  then  thin,  light  yellow- 
green,  still  sparingly  hairy  principally  along  the  under  side  of  the 
midribs  and  veins  and  pale  bluish  green  below,  and  at  maturity  thin, 
yellow-green,  smooth  and  glabrous  on  the  upper  surface  and  nearly 
glabrous  on  the  lower  surface,  4-5  cm  long  and  3.5-4  cm  wide, 
with  slender  midribs,  and  usually  4  pairs  of  thin  primary  veins; 
petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  glabrous,  spar- 
ingly glandular  while  young.  1-1.5  cm  in  length;  leaves  on  vigorous 
shoots  abruptly  cuneate  or  rounded  at  the  broad  base,  coarsely 
serrate,  deeply  lobed,  often  6-7  cm  long  and  broad,  with  stout 
broadly  winged  glandular  petioles  2.5-3  cm  in  length.  Flowers  2 
cm  in  diameter,  on  slender  villose  pedicels,  in  compact  mostly  5- 
or  6-flowered  corymbs;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  glabrous,  the 
lobes  slender,  acuminate,  nearly  entire,  glabrous,  reflexed  after 
anthesis ;  stamens  20;  anthers  bright  red;  styles  3-5.  generally  5, 
surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  broad  ring  of  pale  hairs.  Fruit  ripen- 
ing early  in  October,  on  stout  reddish  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  erect 
clusters,  subglobose  but  often  rather  broader  than  high,  distinctly 
angled,  orange-red,  lustrous,  marked  by  numerous  small  pale  dots, 
1.2-1.4  cm  in  diameter;  calyx  prominent,  with  a  short  tube,  a  broad 
deep  cavity,  and  small  spreading  or  reflexed  lobes  persistent  on  the 
ripe  fruit;  flesh  thick,  yellowish  green,  dry  and  mealy;  nutlets 
usually  5.  narrowed  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  slightly  grooved  on 
the  back,  6-7  mm  long,  and  4-5  mm  wide. 


40  NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

A  narrow  shrub  thin  in  habit,  5-6  m  high,  with  many  small  stems 
covered  with  dark  gray  scaly  bark,  spreading  and  ascending  branches, 
and  slender  nearly  straight  branchlets  glabrous  and  orange-green 
slightly  tinged  with  red  when  they  first  ai)pear,  becoming  red-brown 
and  lustrous  during  their  first  season  and  dull  gray-brown  the  fol- 
lowing year,  and  armed  with  numerous,  thin,  straight,  light  chestnut- 
brown  shining,  ultimately  dull  gray  spines  4-5  cm  in  length,  per- 
sistent, very  numerous  and  becoming  branched  on  the  old  stems. 

Low  wet  woods,  Buflfalo;  J.  Dunbar  (  ♦_  8,  type),  J\lay  21  and 
September  29,  1903,  September  26,  1905.     Not  common. 

This  handsome  and  distinct  species  is  named  in  memory  of  George 
W.  Clinton  (1807-85),  a  distinguished  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  city  of  Bufifalo  and  a  critical  student  of  the  plants  growing 
in  the  neighborhood  of  that  city. 

Crataegus  oblita  n.  sp. 
Leaves  oblong-ovate  to  nearly  triangular,  acuminate,  rounded, 
subcordate  or  abruptly  concave-cuncate  at  the  broad  entire  or  glan- 
dular base,  finely  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  glandular  teeth, 
and  divided  often  only  alx)ve  the  middle  into  4  or  5  pairs  of  wide 
acuminate  spreading  lobes  ;  about  one  third  grown  when  the  flowers 
open  the  25th  of  May  and  then  membranaceous,  yellow-green, 
roughened  above  by  short  white  hairs  and  pale  and  glabrous  below, 
and  at  maturity  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  dull  blue-green,  smooth 
and  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface,  jxdc  bluish  green  on  the  lower 
surface,  5-6.5  cm  long  and  4.5-5  cm  wide,  with  thin  yellow  midribs, 
and  slender  primary  veins  extending  obliquely  to  the  points  of  the 
lobes;  petioles  very  slender,  slightly  wing-marginel  at  the  apex, 
sparingly  yillose  while  young  on  the  upper  side,  soon  glabrous, 
3-4  cm  in  length  ;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  subcoriaceous,  truncait 
or  romided  at  the  base,  more  c<Kirsely  serrate  and  more  deeply 
lnlK-<l.  often  5.5-6  cm  long  and  wide.  Flowers  1.5-1.6  cm  in  diam- 
eter, on  long  slender  glal)rous  pedicels,  in  lax  mostly  4-6-fiowere(l 
o»rymbs;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic.  glabrous,  the  lobes  gradually 
narrowed  from  broad  bases,  wide,  acuminate,  entire  or  occasionally 
slightly  toothed  near  the  middle,  glabrous,  reflexed  after  anthesis; 
stamens  20;  anthers  rose  color;  styles  4  or  5,  surrounded  at  the  base 
by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  hairs.  Fruit  rii)ening  the  end  of  Sep- 
tember, on  slender  drooping  pe  liccds.  in  fiw- fruited  clusters,  obovate, 
fidl  and  rounded  at  the  apex,  slightly  narrowed  to  the  rounded  base, 
criwisi)!),  ])ruinr»se,  finally  becoming  lustrous,  marked  by  large  pale 


REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  BOTANIST  I907  4I 

dots,  9-1 1  mm  long  and  9-10  mm  in  diameter;  calyx  enlarged  and 
prominent,  with  a  broad  deep  cavity,  and  spreading  and  appressed 
usually  persistent  slightly  serrate  lobes  dark  red  on  the  upper  side 
below  the  middle ;  flesh  thin,  yellow-green,  dry  and  mealy ;  nutlets 
4  or  5,  thin  and  compressed  at  the  rounded  ends,  rounded  and 
slightly  grooved  or  irregularly  rid<jed  on  the  back,  6-7  mm  long, 
and  4-5  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  4-5  m  high,  with  small  ascending  srems  covered  with 
pale  gray  bark,  spreading  branches  and  slender  slightly  zigzag 
glabrous  branchlets,  dark  reddish  brown  and  marked  by  pale  lenti- 
cels  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  dark  chestnut-brown  and 
very  lustrous  in  their  first  season  and  dull  red-brown  the  following 
year,  and  armed  with  slender  straight  slightly  curved  dull  chestnut- 
brown  spines  3-5  cm  long. 

Borders  of  thickets  in  low  moist  soil,  Buffalo,  J.  Dunbar  (#  16, 
type).  June  i,  1904,  May  28,  1906,  J.  Dunbar  and  C.  S.  Sargent, 
September  24,  1904. 

Crataegus  cognata  Sargent 

Rhodnra  V.  58  (1903). 
Buffalo,  J.  Dunbar  (  ^  G),  October  1901,  May  26  and  October 
6,  1902,  May  21  and  September  29,  1903;  (#  2^),  September  30, 
1904,  June  12,  1905;  (^  38),  June  12  and  September  26,  1905; 
Niagara  Falls,  J.  Dunbar  and  C.  S.  Sargent  (;^8),  September 
16,  1904,  J.  Dunbar,  June  12,  1905;  (  "^  15),  J.  Dunbar  and  C.  S. 
Sargent.  September  16,  1904.  J.  Dunbar,  May  26,  1905;  near  Hem- 
lock lake,  Livingston  co.,  Henry  T.  Brown  {^  15  and  26),  May 
and  October  1906;  also  southern  and  western  New  England  and 
eastern  New  York. 

Crataegus  formosa  .'^argent 
Rochester  Acad.  Sci.  Proc.  IV.  loi   (1903). 
Buffalo,  J.  Dunbar,  October  6,  1902,  September  26,  1905,  May 
28,  1906,  Niagara  Falls,  J.  Dunbar  (  •=i^  i),  October  7,  1902,  May 
22.  1903 ;  also  at  Rochester,  New  York. 

Crataegus  leiophylla  Sargent 
Rochester   Acad.    Sci.    Proc.    IV.   99    (1903). 
Buffalo,  J.  Dunbar,  September  26,  1905.  May  25,   1906;  also  at 
Rochester,  New  York. 

The  anthers  in  this  species  were  first  described  as  pale  yellow ; 
further  observations  show  that  they  are  slightly  tinged  with  pink. 


42  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Crataegus  pulchra  n.  sp. 

Glabrous.  Leaves  ovate  to  oval,  acuminate,  rounded  or  occa- 
sionally cuneate  at  the  entire  base,  finely  often  doubly  serrate  above, 
with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  divided  very  slightly  above  the 
middle  into  3  or  4  pairs  of  short  broad  acuminate  lobes;  deeply 
tinged  with  red  when  they  unfold,  more  than  half  grown  when  the 
flowers  open  at  the  end  of  May  and  then  thin,  yellow-green  above 
and  paler  below,  and  at  maturity  thin,  yellow-green,  4-5-5-5  cm 
long  and  broad,  with  slender  yellow  midribs,  and  obscure  primary 
veins;  petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  sometimes  nearly 
to  the  middle,  glandular  with  minute  dark  glands,  2-2.5  ^m  in 
length.  Flowers  about  1.8  cm  in  diameter,  on  slender  pedicels,  in 
compact  mostly  6-8-flowered  corymbs,  with  linear  acuminate  glan- 
dular bracts  and  bractlets  fading  rose  color;  calyx-tube  broadly 
obconic,  the  lobes  slender,  acuminate,  entire  or  sparingly  glandular 
toward  the  apex,  reflexed  after  anthesis  ;  stamens  10;  anthers  ma- 
roon; styles  2-4.  Fruit  ripening  the  middle  of  September,  on 
short  stout  pedicels,  in  drooping  2-3-fruited  clusters,  short-oblong, 
full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  cherry-red.  pruinnse,  marked  by  small 
pale  dots,  1-1.2  cm  in  diameter;  calyx  prominent,  with  a  broad 
shallow  cavity,  and  widespreading  or  closely  appressed  usually  per- 
sistent lobes  dark  red  on  the  upper  side ;  flesh  thin,  yellow,  dry  or 
mealy ;  nutlets  2-4.  narrowed  and  acute  at  the  ends  or  rounded  at 
the  base,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  narrow  roundc  1  ridge,  light 
colored,  about  8  mm  long,  and  5  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  1-2.5  m  high,  with  small  stems  spreading  into  thickets, 
and  slender  nearly  straight  branchlets  orange-green  tinged  with  red 
when  tliey  first  appear,  becoming  chestnut-brown,  lustrous  and 
markfil  by  small  pale  lenticels  in  their  first  season,  and  dark  reil- 
brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  thin  nearly  straight 
])urple  ultimately  gray-brown  spines  3-5  cm  long. 

Niagara  Falls,  J.  Dunbar  and  C.  S.  Sargent  (-''^25,  type).  Sep- 
tember 16,  1904,  J.  Dunbar.  May  28,  1905;  BuflPalo.  (  ;«^  11)  J-  Dun- 
bar, September  30,  1904.  and  May  28.  1005;  (  *'  23).  J.  Dunbar 
and  r.  S.  Sargent.  September  ]C\  1904.  J.  Dunbar.  May  28.  1005. 

Crataegus  radiata  n.  sji. 

rilabrous.     Leaves  (i\ati'.  acuminate,  cuneate  (ir   rounded  at  the 

entire  base,  coarsely  doubly  serr.itc  alxivf.  with  straight  gland-tipped 

tei-lh.  and  divided  into  3  or  4  pairs  ,.f  narrow  acuminate  spreading 

lateral  lobes;  nearly  half  grown  when   the  (lowers  ojien  about  the 


RliPORT    OF     llll':    STATl':    ISOTAXIST    ICJO"/  43 

20th  of  May  and  then  thin,  smooth  and  yellow-green  above  and 
pale  blue-green  below,  and  at  maturity  thin  but  firm,  dark  dull  blue- 
green  on  the  upper  surface  and  pale  on  the  lower  surface,  5-7  cm 
long  and  4-5  cm  wide,  with  prominent  yellow  midribs,  and  slender 
primary  veins  arching  obliquely  to  the  points  of  the  lobes;  petioles 
sleniler,  wing-margined  to  below  the  middle,  glandular,  with  per- 
sistent glands,  often  rose  color  in  the  autumn,  1.5-2  cm  in  length; 
leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  subcoriaceous,  rounded  at  the  broad  base, 
more  coarsely  serrate  and  more  deeply  lobed  and  sometimes  8-9 
cm  long  and  broad,  with  stout  broadly  winged  conspicuously  glandu- 
lar petioles.  Flowers  1.8-2  cm  in  diameter,  on  slender  elongated 
pedicels,  in  loose  usually  5-  or  6-flowered  long-branched  corymbs ; 
calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  the  lobes  slender,  acuminate,  entire ; 
stamens  9  or  10;  anthers  dark  red;  styles  usually  4,  surrounded  at 
the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  tomentum.  Fruit  ripening  about 
the  ist  of  October,  on  stout  reddish  pedicels,  in  few- fruited  droop- 
ing clusters,  sTiort-oblong,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  crimson, 
lustrous,  marked  by  many  small  dark  dots,  1.5-1.7  cm  in  diameter; 
calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a  narrow  deep  cavity,  and  closely  ap- 
pressed  lobes  persistent  on  the  ripe  fruit ;  flesh  thick,  yellow,  dry 
and  mealy ;  nutlets  usually  4,  narrowed  at  the  ends,  rounded  at  the 
base,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  broad  grooved  ridge,  light  colored, 
6-7  mm  long,  and  4-5  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  4-6  m  high,  wath  numerous  small  stems  covered  with  dark 
gray  scaly  bark,  small  spreading  branches,  and  slender  zigzag 
branchlets  dark  orange-green  when  they  first  appear,  becoming 
bright  chestnut-brown  and  very  lustrous  in  their  first  season  and 
dull  red-brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  many  slender 
slightly  curved  purple  shining  spines  3.5-4  cm  long,  persistent  and 
very  numerous  on  old  stems. 

Buffalo,  J.  Dunbar  (;^  3,  type),  October  6,  1902,  May  21  and 
September  29,  1903,  J.  Dunbar  and  C.  S.  Sargent,  September  24, 
1904. 

Crataegus  aridula  n.  sp. 

Glabrous.  Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  cuneate  or  concave-cuneate 
at  the  entire  base,  sharply  doubly  serrate  alcove,  with  straight  gland- 
ular teeth,  and  divided  into  5  or  6  pairs  of  narrow  acuminate 
s])reading  lobes ;  nearly  full  grown  when  the  flowers  open  during 
the  first  week  of  June  and  then  thin,  dark  yellow-green,  smooth 
above  and  pale  below,  and  at  maturity  thin,  dark  bluish  green  on 
the  upper  surface,  pale  on  the  lower  surface,  4-5  cm  long  and 


44  NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

3.5-4.5  wide,  with  thin  midribs  and  primary  veins;  petioles  slender, 
slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  glandular,  with  minute  scattered 
glands,  2-^  cm  in  length ;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  deltoid  to  rhom- 
bic, thin,  coarsely  serrate,  often  6-7  cm  long  and  broad,  with 
slender  wing-margined  conspicuously  glandular  petioles.  Flowers 
on  long  slender  pedicels,  in  5-7-flowered  compact  corymbs,  with 
linear  to  linear-obovate  glandular  bracts  and  bractlets  fading  rose 
color;  calyx-tube  broadly  obconic,  the  lobes  gradually  narrowed 
from  the  base,  slender,  acuminate,  entire  or  occasionally  sparingly 
dentate  below  the  middle;  stamens  10;  anthers  red;  styles  2  or  3. 
Fruit  remaining  hard  and  dry  in  the  autumn,  obovate,  dark  red, 
marked  by  many  large  pale  dots,  pruinose,  about  i  cm  long  and 
8-9  mm  wide ;  calyx  prominent,  with  a  long  tube,  a  deep  narrow 
cavity,  and  spreading  persistent  lobes ;  flesh  thin,  yellowish  green ; 
nutlets  2  or  3,  rounded  at  the  base,  acute  at  the  apex,  ridged  on  the 
back,  with  a  low  rounded  ridge,  light  colored,  7-8  mm  long,  and 
4-5  mm  wide. 

A  shrub,  with  slender  nearly  straight  branchlets,  olive-green 
tinged  with  red  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  light  chestnut- 
brown  and  lustrous  in  their  first  season  and  ultimately  dark  gray- 
brown,  and  armed  with  straight  slender  dark  purplish  spines  2.5-3 
cm  in  length. 

Niagara  Falls,  J.  Dunbar  ("^  3,  type),  October  7,  1902,  and  June 
I,  1904. 

Crataegus  congestiflora  n.  sp. 

Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  rounded  or  abruptly  cuneate  at  the 
entire  base,  finely  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  glandular 
teeth,  and  slightly  divided  into  5  or  6  pairs  of  broad  spreading 
acuminate  lateral  lobes;  more  than  half  grown  when  the  flowers 
open  during  the  last  week  of  May  and  then  membranaceous,  light 
yellow-green  and  covered  above  by  short  white  hairs  and  pale  bluish 
green  and  glabrous  below,  and  at  maturity  thin,  dark  blue-green, 
dull  and  glabrous  on  the  upper  surface  and  paler  bluc-grcen  on  the 
lower  surface,  4-6  cm  long  and  3-4.5  cm  wide,  with  thin  yellow 
midribs  and  primary  veins;  petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-mar- 
gined at  the  apex,  sparingly  glandular,  1.5-2.5  cm  in  length;  leaves 
on  vigorous  shoots  short-pointed  at  the  apex,  rounded  at  the  broad 
base,  more  coarsely  serrate  and  more  deeply  lobed,  about  6-7  cm 
long  and  5-6  cm  wide.  Flowers  1.4-1.5  cm  in  diameter,  on  slender 
glabrous  pedicels,   in  very  compact  mostly  4-6-flowcrcd  corymbs; 


Report  of  the  State  botanist  1907  45 

calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  glabrous,  the  lobes  wide,  acuminate, 
entire  or  occasionally  irregularly  toothed  toward  the  apex,  glabrous, 
bright  red  above  the  middle,  reflexed  after  anthesis;  stamens  5-8, 
usually  5 ;  anthers  dark  rose  color ;  styles  3  or  4,  surrounded  at  the 
base  by  a  wide  ring  of  pale  tomentum.  Fruit  ripening  the  end 
of  October,  on  slender  reddish  pedicels,  in  4-  or  5-fruited  spreading 
clusters,  somewhat  obovate,  full  and  rounded  at  the  apex,  slightly 
narrowed  and  sometimes  dccurrent  on  the  pedicel  at  the  base, 
marked  by  main'  pale  dols,  crimson,  pruinose,  1-1.2  cm  long  and 
9-11  mm  wide;  calyx  little  enlarged,  without  a  tube,  with  a 
narrow  shallow  cavity,  and  spreading  persistent  lobes  often  serrate 
toward  the  apex  and  dark  red  on  the  upper  side;  flesh  thin,  yellow, 
dry  antl  mealy;  nutlets  2  or  3.  narrowed  and  rounded  at  the  en;!s 
or  acute  at  the  apex,  ridged  on  the  back,  witli  a  broad  grooved  ridge, 
6-7  mm  long,  and  4-5  mm  wide 

A  shrub  3-4  m  high,  with  small  stems  covered  with  dark  gray 
bark,  ascending  and  spreading  branches,  and  very  slender  zigzag 
glabrous  branchlets  light  green,  slightly  tinged  with  red  when  they 
first  appear,  becoming  bright  chestnut-brown  and  very  lustrous  in 
their  first  season  and  dull  reddish  brown  the  following  year,  and 
armed  with  numerous  thin  slightly  curved  light  brown  shining 
spines,  becoming  purple  and  ultimately  gray,  and  2.5-3  cm  long. 

Buffalo,  J.  Dunbar  ("^19,  type),  September  30,  1904,  May  27, 
1905;  (  "^30>  September  30,  1904;  (  ^44),  September  26,  1905. 

Crataegus  plana  n.  sp. 

Leaves  oblong-obovate,  acuminate,  rounded  or  rarely  cuneate  at 
the  entire  base,  finely  doubly  serrate  above,  wdth  straight  glandular 
teeth,  and  slightly  divided  above  the  middle  into  3  or  4  pairs  of 
small  si)reading  acuminate  lobes ;  tinged  with  red  and  sparingly 
villose  on  the  upper  surface  and  in  the  axils  of  the  veins  below 
wdien  they  unfold,  almost  fully  grown  and  nearly  glabrous  when 
the  flowers  open  about  the  20th  of  May  and  then  thin,  light  yellow- 
green  and  smooth  above  and  bluish  green  below,  and  at  maturity 
thin,  glabrous,  dark  green  and  somev.diat  lustrous  on  the  upper 
surface  and  pale  blue-green  on  the  lower  surface,  4-5  cm  long 
and  3-4  cm  wide,  with  slender  yellow  midribs,  and  thin  primary 
veins  extending  oblic[uely  to  the  points  of  the  lobes;  petioles  slender, 
wing-margined  often  to  the  middle,  slightly  glandular  while  young, 
1.5-2  cm  in  length;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  subcoriaceous, 
broadly  ovate  to  suborbicular,  rounded  or  cordate  at  the  base,  more 


46  NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

coarsely  serrate  and  more  deeply  lobed,  and  sometimes  6-7  cm  wide, 
with  stout  broadly  winged  petioles  glandular  throughout  the  season. 
Flowers  2  cm  in  diameter,  on  slender  glabrous  pedicels,  in  usually 
5-7-flowered  corymbs,  with  linear  glandular  bracts  and  bractlets 
lading  rose  color;  stamens  10,  filaments  persistent  on  the  ripe  fruit; 
anthers  pale  pink;  styles  3-5,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  broad 
ring  of  pale  hairs.  Fruit  ripening  from  the  first  to  the  middle  of 
(Jctober,  on  slender  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  erect  clusters,  shcrt- 
oblong,  somewhat  rounded  at  the  base,  bright  green  when  fully 
grown,  crimson  at  maturity,  pruinose,  marked  by  many  small  pale 
dots ;  calyx  prominent,  without  a  tube,  with  a  broad  deep  cavity, 
and  wid.espreading  persistent  lobes  dark  red  on  the  upper  side  below 
tlie  middle ;  flesh  thin,  yellow-green,  hard,  dry  and  mealy ;  nutlets 
3-5,  rounded  at  the  ends,  rounded  and  slightly  grooved  on  the 
back,  light  colored,  5-6  mm  long,  and  about  4  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  3-4  m  high  and  broad,  with  several  stout  erect  stems 
covered  with  dark  scaly  bark,  small  spreading  and  ascending 
branches,  and  very  slender  glabrous  branchlets,  light  chestnut- 
brown  and  lustrous  in  their  first  season,  dark  dull  reddish  brown 
the  following  year,  and  armed  with  numerous  slender  nearly 
straight  chestnut-brown  and  shining,  ultimately  dark  gray  spines 
3-4  cm  long. 

Buffalo,  J.  Dunbar  (-^  4,  type),  October  6,  1902.  May  21.  1903; 
near  Hemlock  lake,  Livingston  co.,  H.  T.  Brown  C^  3),  May  and 
October  1906. 

Crataegus  maineana   .^nrgcnt 
Rochester    .-Xcad.    Sci.    Proc.    I\'.    106    (1903). 
Buffalo,  J.  Dunbar   (*  D),  September  25,  1901,  May  28,  1906; 
Niagara  halls,  J.  Dunbar,  Scplember  2K,   lo)^,  Mav  jS.  ifK/i;  also 
near  Rochester.  Xew  York. 

Crataegus  placiva  n.  sp. 

Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  rounded,  truncate  or  abruptly  concavc- 
cuncate  at  the  broad  entire  or  glandular  base,  finely  doubly  serrate 
a1x)vc,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  divided  into  2  or  3  pairs 
of  short  !)r(»ad  acuminate  lateral  lobes;  deejily  tinged  with  re;! 
when  they  unffjld,  nearly  fully  grown  when  the  flowers  open  at  the 
end  of  May,  and  then  thin,  yeilow-green  and  roughened  above  by 
short  white  hairs  an  1  ])ale  an  1  sliglnly  hairy  in  the  axils  of  the 
vcii;^   below,   and    at    maturity   thick,   glabrfuis,   smooth,  dark  blin-- 


REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  BOTANIST  I907  47 

green  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  on  the  lower  surface,  and  4-5  cm 
long  and  broad,  with  slender  midribs  and  3  or  4  pairs  of  thin  pri- 
mary veins ;  petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex, 
glandular  throughout  the  season,  often  tinged  with  red  in  the 
autumn.  2-t,  cm  in  length ;  stipules  linear,  glandular,  fading  brown, 
caducous ;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  subcoriaceous,  truncate  at  the 
base,  coarsely  serrate,  more  deeply  lobed  and  often  "/-%  cm  long  and 
wide.  Flowers  2  cm  in  diameter,  on  elongated  slender  glabrous 
pedicels,  in  compact  usually  5-  or  6-flowered  corymbs,  with  linear  to 
linear-obovate  glandular  bracts  and  bractlets ;  calyx-tube  broadly  ob- 
conic,  glabrous,  the  lobes  short,  slender,  acuminate,  glabrous,  entire ; 
stamens  10;  filaments  persistent  on  the  ripe  fruit;  anthers  purplish 
red ;  styles  3  or  4,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  broad  ring  of  long 
matted  white  hairs.  Fruit  ripening  from  the  first  to  the  middle 
of  October,  short-oblong,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends  or  obo- 
vate  and  slightly  narrowed  at  the  base,  bright  orange-red,  pruinose, 
marked  by  small  pale  dots,  1-1.2  cm  in  diameter;  calyx  prominent, 
witliout  a  tube,  with  a  broad  shallow  cavity,  and  widesprcading 
persistent  lobes  dark  red  on  the  upper  side  below  the  middle ;  flesh 
thin,  yellow,  dry  and  mealy;  nutlets  3  or  4,  narrow  and  rounded 
at  the  ends,  slightly  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  low  rounded  ridge, 
about  7  mm  long,  and  4-5  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  sometimes  5  m  high,  with  ascending  stems  covered  with 
dark  gray  scaly  bark,  spreading  branches,  and  slender  zigzag  glab- 
rous branchlets  dark  orange-green  more  or  less  deeply  tinged  with 
red  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  dull  chestnut-brown  and 
marked  by  small  pale  lenticels  in  their  first  season  and  dull  reddish 
brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  slender  slightly  curved 
sliining  spines  5-6  cm  long,  persistent  and  very  numerous  on  old 
stems  and  branches. 

P)uft'alo,  J-  Dunbar  ("^  22,  type),  Septembei  30,  1904.  May  28, 
1905:  (  ■*■  -7h  September  30,  1904,  May  28,  1906. 

Crataegus  tortuosa  n.  sp. 

Leaves  oblong-ovate,  abruptly  cuneate  or  rarely  rounded  at  the 
entire  base,  finely  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  or  incurved 
glandular  teeth,  and  slightly  divided  into  4  or  5  pairs  of  broad 
acuminate  spreading  lobes,  about  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open 
at  the  end  of  May  and  then  membranaceous,  yellow-green,  slightly 
roughened  above  by  short  white  hairs  and  glabrous  below,  and  at 
maturity  thick,  blue-green,  smooth  and  glabrous  on  the  upper  sur- 


48  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

face,  5-6.5  cm  long  and  4.5-5  cm  wile,  with  stout  yellow  midribs 
sometimes  tinged  with  rose  color  in  the  autumn,  and  thin  remote 
primary  veins  extending  to  the  points  of  the  lobes;  petioles  stout, 
wing-margined  at  the  apex,  sparingly  glandular  early  in  the  season, 
tinged  with  rose  color  in  the  autumn,  2-4  cm  in  length ;  leaves  on 
vigorous  shoots  usually  broader  and  rounded  or  cordate  at  the 
base,  more  deeply  lobed  and  sometimes  6-7  cm  long  and  wide. 
Flowers  on  short  slender  glabrous  pedicels,  in  compact  3-8,  usually 
5-flowered  corymbs,  with  small  linear  rose  colored  bracts  and  bract- 
lets  ;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  the  lobes  short  and  broad,  min- 
utely serrate  near  the  middle,  glabrous,  red  and  glandular  at  the 
acuminate  apex,  reflexed  after  anthesis ;  stamens  usually  5 ;  anthers 
purplish  red ;  styles  2-4,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  broad  ring  of 
long  pale  hairs.  Fruit  ripening  the  end  of  September,  on  stout 
drooping  reddish  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  clusters,  obovate,  full  and 
rounded  at  the  apex,  abruptly  narrowed  at  the  base,  bright  orange- 
red,  pruinose,  marked  by  numerous  pale  dots,  lustrous,  1-1.2  cm 
long,  and  8-10  mm  wide;  calyx-tube  little  enlarged,  with  a  broad 
shallow  cavity,  and  narrow  spreading  lobes  dark  red  on  the  upper 
side  below  the  middle,  their  tips  incurved  or  more  often  deciduous 
from  the  ripe  fruit;  nutlets  2  or  3,  narrow  and  rounded  at  the 
ends,  prominently  ridged  (ju  the  back,  with  a  broad  deeply  grooved 
ridge,  light  colored,  7-8  mm  long,  and  4-5  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  sometimes  5-6  m  high,  with  stout  stems,  very  tortuous 
horizontal  or  ascending  branches,  and  slender  slightly  zigzag  glab- 
rous branchlets,  dark  orange-green  when  they  first  appear,  becom- 
ing bright  chestinit-brown  and  marked  by  dark  lenticels  in  their 
first  season  and  dull  reddish  brown  the  following  year,  and  armed 
with  numerous  stout  nearly  straight  bright  chestnut-brown  shining 
ultimately  flull  gray  spines  2-3  cm  long. 

lUiffalo,  J.  Dunbar.  (  #  25.  type).  September  30,  1904,  l\Iay  28 
and  September  26,  1905;  J.  Dunbar  and  ('.  S.  Sargent  (  '<!^  29), 
September  30,  i<k>4:  (  "S^'  17").  Septem])er  24,  i<>o4.  J.  Dunbar.  May 
28,  1905. 

Crataegus  xanthophylla  n.  sp. 

Leaves  broai'ly  ovate,  acuminate,  rounded  or  cuncate  at  the  entire 
or  glandular  base,  sliarply  doubly  serrate,  with  straight  glandular 
teeth,  and  divided  above  the  middle  into  3  or  .|  small  acuminate 
lobes;  nearly  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  at  the  end  of  May 
and   then   thin,   light   yellow-green   and  roughened   above  by  short 


REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  BOTANIST  I907  49 

white  hairs  and  pale  blue-green  and  glabrous  below,  and  at  maturity 
thick  and  firm  to  subcoriaceous,  glabrous,  smooth  and  dark  yellow- 
green  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  yellow-green  on  the  lower  surface, 
6-8  cm  long  and  5-7  cm  wide,  with  stout  yellow  midribs  and  4  or  5 
pairs  of  slender  primary  veins;  petioles  stout,  slightly  wing-margined 
at  the  apex,  glandular,  with  minute  persistent  glands,  often  rose 
color  in  the  autumn,  2-3.5  cm  in  length.  Flowers  1.5  cm  in  diame- 
ter, on  slender  glabrous  pedicels,  in  compact  usually  5-7-flowered 
corymbs ;  calyx-tube  broadly  obconic,  glabrous,  the  lobes  short  and 
broad,  acuminate,  glabrous,  coarsely  glandular  serrate  above  the 
middle,   reflexed   after   anthesis;    stamens    10;   anthers   red;   styles 

3  or  4,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  broad  ring  of  pale  tomentum. 
Fruit  ripening  early  in  October,  on  stout  drooping  dark  red  glabrous 
pedicels,  in  few-fruited  clusters,  short-oblong,  full  and  rounded  at 
the  ends,  orange-red,  slightly  pruinose,  marked  by  small  pale  dots, 
1-1.2  cm  long;  calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a  broad  shallow  cavity, 
and  spreading  persistent  glabrous  lobes  dark  red  on  the  upper  side 
below  the  middle ;  nutlets  3  or  4,  acute  at  the  ends,  ridged  on  the 
back,  with  a  narrow  ridge,  dark  colored,  7-8  mm  long,  and  about 

4  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  5-6  m  high,  with  numerous  slender  spreading  stems  cov- 
ered with  pale  gray  bark,  small  ascending  branches,  and  slender 
slightly  zigzag  glabrous  branchlets,  dark  orange-green  and  marked 
by  small  pale  lenticels  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  bright 
red-brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  a  few  slender  shining 
spines  2.5-3  ^"^  ^ong. 

Buffalo,  J.  Dunbar  (#1,  type),  October  6,  1902,  May  26,  1906. 

Crataegus  implicata  n.  sp. 

Leaves  ovate  to  oval,  acuminate  and  short-pointed  at  the  apex, 
rounded  and  cuneate  at  the  entire  base,  finely  often  doubly  serrate 
above,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  slightly  divided  into  4  or  5 
pairs  of  small  acuminate  spreading  lobes ;  nearly  fully  grown  when  the 
flowers  open  at  the  end  of  May  and  then  yellow-green  and  slightly 
roughened  above  by  scattered  white  hairs,  and  at  maturity  mem- 
branaceous, dark  bluish  green  and  smooth  on  the  upper  surface, 
pale  blue-green  on  the  lower  surface,  3.5-4.5  cm  long  and  3-4 
cm  wide,  with  thin  midribs,  and  slender  primary  veins ;  petioles  very 
slender,  sparingly  glandular  through  the  season,  1-2.5  cm  in  length; 
stipules  linear  to  linear-falcate,  glandular-serrate,  fading  brown, 
persistent ;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  subcoriaceous,  broadly  ovate, 


50  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

more  deeply  lobetl,  often  5  cm  long  and  wide,  with  foliaceous  lunate 
coarsely  serrate  persistent  stipules.  '  Flowers  1.3-1.5  cm  in  diameter, 
on  slender  glabrous  pedicels,  in  very  compact  mostly  5-  or  6-flow- 
ered  corymbs,  with  linear  glandular  bracts  and  bractlets ;  calyx-tube 
narrowly  obconic,  glabrous,  the  lobes  slender,  acuminate,  nearly 
entire,  red  and  glandular  at  the  apex,  reflexed  after  anthesis ; 
stamens  5-8 ;  anthers  dark  rose  color ;  styles  3  or  4.  surrounded  at  the 
base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  tomentum.  Fruit  ripening  at  the  end 
of  September,  on  short  dark  red  pedicels,  in  usually  1-3-fruitcd 
drooping  clusters,  subglobose  to  ovate,  pruinose,  marked  by  many 
small  pale  dots,  1-3  cm  long,  i-i.i  cm  in  diameter;  calyx  prominent, 
with  a  short  tube,  a  small  deep  cavity,  and  spreading  minutely 
serrate  persistent  lobes  dark  red  on  the  upper-side  below  the  middle ; 
flesh  thick,  yellow,  dry  and  mealy ;  nutlets  3  or  4,  narrowed  and 
acute  at  the  ends  or  rounded  at  the  base,  rounded  or  slightly  ridged 
on  the  back,  with  a  low  ridge,  light  colored,  6-7  mm  long,  and  4  mm 
wide. 

A  thin  intricately  branched  shrub  sometimes  4  in  hij;li,  with  ir- 
regularly spreading  stems  covered  at  the  base  with  dark  gray  bark, 
and  slender  glabrous  branchlets  dark  orange-green  tinged  with  red 
when  they  first  appear,  becoming  in  their  first  season  l)right  chestnut- 
brown,  lustrous  and  marked  by  numerous  dark  lenticels.  dull  gray- 
brown  the  f(dlowing  year,  and  armed  with  many  straight  puri)lish 
shining  ultimately  dull  gray-brown  spines  4-6  cm  long  and  very 
numerous  and  branched  on  old  stems. 

P.uffalo.   J.    Dunbar    ('*^'3f).   type),   ATay   28   and    September   26, 

Crataegus  promissa  n.  s|). 

Leaves  oblong-ovate,  acuminate,  gradually  narrowed  and  con- 
cave-cimeate  at  the  entire  or  glandular  base,  sharply  doubly  serrate 
above,  with  straight  or  incurved  glandular  teeth,  and  deeply  divided 
into  4-6  pairs  of  slender  acuminate  lobes  ;  about  one  third  grown 
when  the  flowers  open  the  first  of  June  and  then  thin,  yellow-green 
and  roughened  above  by  short  white  hairs,  and  at' maturity  thin, 
glabrous,  dark  blue-green  and  smooth  on  the  upper  surface  and  pale 
bluc-grccn  on  the  lower  surface.  5-5.8  cm  long  and  4-7  cm  wide, 
with  slender  yellow  midribs,  and  thin  primary  veins  arching  to  the 
points  of  the  lobes;  ])etioles  slender,  wing-margined  at  the  apex, 
sparingly  glandular  through  the  season,  4-4.5  cm  in  length;  stipules 
lincar-ol)<)vatc.  glandular,  fading  brown,  caducous;  leaves  on  vigor- 
ous shoots  thick,  ctincate  at  the  base,  coarsely  serrate,  deeply  lobed, 


REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  BOTANIST  I907  5 1 

sometimes  8-9  cm  long  and  7-8  cm  wide,  with  broadly  winged 
petioles  and  foiiaceous  lunate  coarsely  serrate  persistent  stipules. 
Flowers  1.6  cm  in  diameter,  on  slender  elongated  glabrous  pedicels, 
in  broad  lax  many-flowered  corymbs,  with  linear  to  oblong-obovate 
glandular  caducous  bracts  and  bractlets;  calyx-tube  narrowly  ob- 
conic,  glabrous,  the  lobes  long,  narrow,  acuminate,  entire  or  slightly 
dentate  below  the  middle,  glabrous,  reflexed  after  anthesis ;  stamens 
5-7 ;  anthers  pink ;  styles  3  or  4,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  broad 
ring  of  long  white  hairs.  Fruit  ripening  at  the  end  of  September, 
on  long  slender  drooping  pedicels,  in  many-fruited  clusters,  oblong- 
obovate,  tapering  at  the  long  base,  crimson,  lustrous,  1-1.2  cm  long 
and  7-8  mm  wide ;  calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a  small  shallow  cavity, 
and  reflexed  often  closely  appressed  elongated  narrow  lobes;  flesh 
thin,  dry  and  mealy ;  nutlets  3  or  4,  rounded  at  the  base,  acute  at 
thet  apex,  only  slightly  ridged  on  the  back^  8-9  mm  long,  and  about 
4  mm   wide. 

A  slirul)  3-4  m  high,  with  numerous  stems  covered  with  dark 
gray  seal}-  l)ark,  ascending  branches,  and  slender  zigzag  glabrous 
branchlets  bright  orange-green  more  or  less  tinged  with  purple  when 
they  first  appear,  becoming  light  chestnut-brown  and  marked  by 
large  pale  lenticels  in  their  first  season  and  pale  gray-brown  the 
following  year,  and  armed  with  slender  slightly  curved  light  chest- 
nut-brown shining  spines  4-5  cm  long,  often  pointing  to  the  base 
of  the  branch,  and  compound  and  persistent  on  old  stems. 

Niagara  Falls,  J-  Dunbar,  (  #  4,  type),  May  21  and  September, 
1903,  June  I,  1904;  J.  Dunbar  and  C.  S.  Sargent  (  .*'  19),  September 
16,  1904,  J.  Dunbar,  May  28,  1905,  J.  Dunbar  (;^  30),  September 
27,  1905,  May  28,  1906. 

Crataegus  strigosa  n.  sp. 

Leaves  ovate,  acuminate  and  long  pointed  at  the  apex,  cuneate 
at  the  entire  base,  finely  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  gland- 
ular teeth,  and  divided  into  5  or  6  pairs  of  small  acuminate  spread- 
ing lateral  lobes ;  more  than  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  at 
the  end  of  May  and  then  membranaceous,  yellow-green  and  rough- 
ened above  by  short  rigid  white  hairs  and  pale  and  glabrous  below, 
and  at  maturity  thin,  yellow-green  and  scabrate  on  the  ujiper  sur- 
face and  light  yellow-green  on  the  lower  surface,  4-5  cm  long  and 
3.5-4  cm  wide,  with  stout  midribs,  and  5  or  6  pairs  of  prominent 
primary  veins ;  petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex, 
glandular   throughout   the   season,   2-2.5    cm   in    length.     Flowers 


52  NEW   YORK   STATE    MUSEUM 

1.5  cm  in  diameter,  on  slender  glabrous  pedicels,  in  5-8-,  usually 
5-6-flowered  compact  corymbs,  the  lowest  peduncle  generally  from 
the  axis  of  an  upper  leaf;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  glabrous, 
the  lobes  small,  acuminate,  entire  or  slightly  glandular,  glabrous, 
reflexed  after  anthesis;  stamens  7-10;  anthers  purple;  styles  3-5, 
surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  hairs.  Fruit  ripen- 
ing early  in  October,  on  stout  reddish  drooping  or  spreading  pedi- 
cels, in  few- fruited  clusters,  short-oblong,  full  and  rounded  at  the 
ends,  scarlet,  lustrous,  marked  by  occasional  dark  dots,  1.3- 1.4  cm 
long,  i-i.i  cm  in  diameter;  calyx  little  enlarged,  without  a  tube, 
with  a  narrow  deep  cavity,  and  small  spreading  or  closely  appressed 
persistent  lobes,  dark  red  on  the  upper  side  below  the  middle ;  flesh 
thin,  yellow,  dry  and  mealy ;  nutlets  3-5,  narrowed  and  rounded  at 
the  ends  or  acute  at  the  apex,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  broad 
rounded  or  grooved  ridge,  light  colored,  6-7  mm  long,  and  about 
4  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  3-4  m  high,  with  stout  stems  covered  with  dark  scaly 
bark,  ascending  branches,  and  slender  somewhat  zigzag  glabrous 
branchlcts  dark  olive-green  tinged  with  red  when  they  first  appear, 
becoming  light  chcstiuit-brown,  lustrous  and  marked  by  many  small 
dark  lenticels  in  their  first  season,  and  armed  with  slender  slightly 
curved  light  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  3-6  cm  long. 

Ikiffalo,  J.  l)un])ar  ("^20,  type),  Sc[)lcml)cr  30,  1904  and  May 
28,  1905. 

Crataegus  barryana  n.  sp. 

Leaves  broadly  ovate,  rounded  or  abruptly  cuneate  at  the  wide 
base,  sharply  doubly  serrate,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  very 
slightly  divided  into  4-6  pairs  of  small  acuminate  spreading  lobes; 
nearly  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  about  the  20th  of  May 
and  then  thin,  dark  yellow-green  and  rougliencd  above  ])\-  short 
white  hairs  and  pale  and  glabrous  behjw,  and  at  maturity  thin  but 
firm  in  texture,  dull  yellow-green,  scabrate  and  lustrous  on  the  u])pcr 
surface,  glaucous  on  (he  lower  surface,  6-8  cm  long  and  5-7  cm 
wide,  with  slender  miihihs,  and  thin  primary  veins  extending  ob- 
liquely to  the  points  of  the  lobes;  turning  yellow  in  the  autinun  ; 
petioles  slender,  narrowly  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  slightly 
villose  oti  the  upper  side  while  young,  becoming  glabrous,  sparingly 
glandular,  with  persistent  glands,  3-5  cm  in  length  ;  leaves  on  vig- 
orous shoots  rouiuled  or  slightly  cordate  at  the  broad  base,  more 
coarsely  serrate  and  more  deeply  lobed.  often  8-9  cm  lohg  and 
broad.  Flowers  2  cm  in  diameter,  on  stout  glabrous  pedicels,  in 
compact   mostly  7-10-nowcrcd  corymbs;  calyx-tube  narrowly  ob- 


RKI'ORT    OF    Tllli    STATE    HOTANIST    I907  53 

conic,  glabrous,  the  lobes  slender,  acuminate,  entire  or  sparingly 
dentate,  glabrous  on  the  outer,  slightly  villose  on  the  inner  surface, 
rellexed  after  anthesis;  stamens  7-10;  anthers  purple;  styles  3  or  4, 
surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  tomentum.  Fruit 
ripening  the  middle  of  October,  on  stout  erect  or  spreading  reddish 
pedicels,  in  few-fruited  clusters,  obovate,  full  and  rounded  at  the 
apex,  abruptly  narrowed  at  the  rounded  base,  crimson,  marked  by 
small  pale  dots,  pruinose,  about  1.8  cm  long  and  1.5  cm  wide; 
calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a  narrow  shallow  cavity,  and  spreading 
persistent  lobes  villose  above  and  dark  red  on  the  upper  side  below 
the  middle;  flesh  thick,  dark  yellow,  dry  and  mealy;  nutlets  usually 
3,  narrowed  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  prominently  ridged  on  the 
back,  with  a  broad  grooved  ridge,  7-8  mm  long,  and  about  5  mm 
wide. 

A  shrub  4-5  m  high,  with  small  spreading  or  ascending  branches 
covered  witli  dark  scaly  bark  and  forming  an  open  irregular  head, 
and  slender  glabrous  branchlets  dark  orange-brown  and  marked  by 
numerous  pale  lenticcls  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  dull  red- 
brown  in  their  first  season  and  light  gray-brown  the  following  year, 
and  armed  with  slender  slightly  curved  light  red-brown  spines 
3.5-4  cm  long,  long  persistent  and  often  becoming  branched  on  old 
stems. 

Rochester,  common  in  moist  heavy  soil,  J.  Dunbar  (  ^  37,  type), 
October  14,  1902,  May  20,  1903. 

At  the  suggestion  of  Mr  Dunbar  this  species  is  named  for  William 
C.  Barry  of  Rochester,  whose  practical  knowledge  and  business 
ability  have  been  powerful  in  advancing  horticulture  in  America. 

Crataegus  foliata  n.  sp. 
Leaves  crowded,  ovate-oblong,  acuminate,  rounded  or  concave- 
cuneate  at  the  base,  coarsely  doubly  serrate,  and  slightly  divided 
into  4  or  5  pairs  of  small  acuminate  spreading  lobes ;  more  than 
half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  at  the  end  of  May  and  then  mem- 
branaceous, yellow-green,  slightly  roughened  above  by  short  white 
hairs  and  glabrous  below,  and  at  maturity  thin  but  firm  in  texture, 
glabrous,  smooth,  yellow-green  on  the  upper  surface  and  paler  on  the 
lower  suriace,  5-7  cm  long  and  4-5  cm  wide,  with  stout  yellow  mid- 
ribs and  slender  primary  veins ;  petioles  stout,  slightly  wing-margined 
at  the  apex,  glandular  wdiile  young,  often  rose  color  in  the  autumn, 
2.5-3  cm  in  length ;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  rounded  or  cordate  at 
the  broad  base,  coarsely  serrate,  more  deeply  lobed,  6-7  cm  long 


54  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

and  broad,  with  short  stout  conspicuously  glandular  petioles.  Flow- 
ers 1. 5-1. 6  cm  in  diameter,  on  long  slender  glabrous  pedicles,  in  broad 
lax  usually  8-12-tlowered  corymbs;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic, 
glabrous,  the  lobes  stout,  broad,  acuminate,  slightly  serrate  usually 
only  above  the  middle,  glabrous  on  the  outer,  sparingly  villose  on  the 
inner  surface,  reflexed  after  anthesis;  stamens  7-10;  anthers  dark 
rose  color ;  styles  usually  3.  Fruit  ripening  early  in  October,  on 
long  slender  red  drooping  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  clusters,  obovate, 
crimson,  lustrous,  marked  by  numerous  small  pale  dots,  1-1.2  cm 
long  and  8-10  mm  wide ;  calyx  prominent,  with  a  narrow  deep 
cavity,  and  spreading  or  slightly  appressed  persistent  lobes  dark  red 
on  the  upper  side  below  the  middle;  flesh  thin,  yellow,  dry  and 
niealy ;  nutlets  3,  narrowed  and  acute  at  the  ends  or  roumled  at  the 
base,  prominently  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  broad  doubly  grooved 
ridge,  dark  colored,  6-7  mm  long,  and  about  4  mm  wide. 

A  leafy  shrub  3-4  ni  high,  with  ascending  tortuous  stems  covered 
with  dark  scaly  bark,  stout  glabrous  branchlets  jnirijle  and  marked 
by  large  pale  lenticels  when  they  first  api)car,  becoming  light  chest- 
nut-brown and  lustrous  in  their  first  season  and  light  reddish  brown 
the  following  year,  and  armed  with  stout  straight  or  slightly  curveil 
bright  chestnut-brown  and  shining  ultimately  dull  gray-brown  spines 
1.5-4  cm.  long. 

Niagara  Falls.  J  Dunbar  and  (.".  S.  Sargent  (  "^  20,  type,  and  27  i, 
September  16,  1904.  J.  Dunbar,  May  28,  1005. 


Crataegus  cruda  n.  sp. 
Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  rounded  or  abruptly  or  gradually  nar- 
rowed and  cuneate  at  the  entire  base,  sharply  doubly  serrate  above, 
with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  slightly  divided  often  only  above 
the  middle  into  4  or  5  ]iairs  of  small  acuminate  spreading  lobes; 
nearly  half  grown  when  the  ilowers  oi)en  during  the  last  week  of 
May  and  then  membranaceous,  yellow-green  and  scabrate  above 
and  paler  and  glabrous  below,  and  at  maturity  thin  but  firm  in  tex- 
ture, yellow-green,  smooth,  glabrous,  5-6  cm  long  and  4-4.5  cm 
wide ;  petioles  very  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex, 
glabrous,  2.5-3  cm  in  length ;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  coarsely 
serrate,  more  deeply  lobcd,  gradually  narrowed  below  into  broad- 
winged  petioles,  often  cj-io  cm  long  and  6-7  cm  wide,  l^lowers 
1.2  1.4  cm  in  diameti-r.  on  very  sU-nder  glabro\is  pe  licils,  in  lung- 
branched  lax  usually  7  10  llowered  corymbs;  calyx-lubr  narrowly 
olKonic,  glabrous,  the  l(;bes  long,  slender,  acuminate,  usually  entire, 


REPORT    OF    Till-:    STATM    liOTAXlST    I9O7  55 

glabrous,  rcllexed  after  anlhesis;  stamens  5-8;  anthers  pale  pink; 
styles  3  or  4,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  broad  ring  of  pale  tomen- 
tuni.  l-'ruit  ripening  at  the  end  of  September,  on  slender  drooping 
red  pedicels,  in  few- fruited  clusters,  obovate,  scarlet,  lustrous, 
marked  by  small  pale  dots,  1.2-1.5  cm  long  and  about  i  cm  wide; 
calyx  little  enlarged,  witli  a  wide  shallow  cavity,  and  spreading  and 
appressed  persistent  lobes  dark  red  on  the  upper  side  below  the 
middle ;  flesh  thick,  yellow,  sweet  and  juicy ;  nutlets  3  or  4,  acute  at 
the  ends,  slightly  ridged  or  grooved  on  the  back,  al>)Ut  7  mm  long, 
and  3  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  3-4  m  high,  with  dark  gray  stems,  and  stout  zigzag 
glal)rous  branchlets  dark  orange-green  when  they  first  appear,  be- 
coming dark  chestnut-brown  or  orange-brown  and  marked  with 
numerous  small  dark  lenticels  in  their  first  season  and  dull  reddish 
brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  very  stout  straight  or 
slightly  curved  light  red-brown  shining  spines  4-6  cm  land  and 
branched  and  persistent  on  old  stems. 

Niagara  Falls,  J.  Dunbar  (.'^31,  type),  September  27,  1905,  and 
May  28,  1906. 

Crataegus  inusitula  n.  sp. 
Leaves  broadly  ovate,  acuminate  and  long  pointed  at  the  apex, 
rounded  or  abruptly  concave-cuneate  at  the  broad  entire  base, 
coarsely  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and 
divided  usually  only  above  the  middle  into  3  or  4  pairs  of  short 
broad  acuminate  lobes;  tinged  with  red  when  they  unfold,  not  more 
than  one  third  grown  when  the  flowers  open  about  the  first  of  June 
and  then  bluish  green  and  roughened  above  by  short  white  hairs 
and  pale  and  slightly  villose  in  the  axils  of  the  veins  below,  and  at 
maturity  subcoriaceous,  dark  blue-green,  smooth  or  scabrate  on  the 
upper  surface,  pale  blue-green  and  glabrous  on  the  lower  surface, 
4-7  cm  long  and  2.5-5  cm  wide,  with  thin  yellow  midribs  and  3  or  4, 
usually  3  pairs  of  slender  primary  veins;  petioles  slender,  slightly 
wing-margined  at  the  apex,  sparingly  hairy  on  the  upper  side  while 
young,  becoming  glabrous,  glandular,  with  minute  persistent  glands. 
1.5-3.5  cm  in  length;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  thicker,  rounded  at 
the  broad  base,  more  coarsely  serrate  and  more  deeply  lobed,  often 
7-8  cm  long  and  6-y  cm  wide.  Flowers  1.5  cm  in  diameter,  on  long 
slender  sparingly  villose  pedicels,  in  compact  mostly  5-7-fiowered 
corymbs,  the  lower  peduncles  from  the  axils  of  iipper  leaves ;  calyx- 
tube  broadly  obconic.  glabrous,  the  lobes  gradually  narrowed  from 
wide  bases,  short,  acuminate,  entire  or  irregularly  dentate,  glabrous, 


56  NEW    \UKK    STATE    ML'SliUM 

reflexed  after  anthesis;  stamens  lo,  filaments  persistent  on  the  fruit; 
anthers  yellow ;  styles  3  or  4,  densely  coated  with  white  hairs  from 
the  hase  nearly  to  the  middle,  surrounded  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale 
tomentum.  Fruit  ripening  at  the  end  of  September,  on  slender 
still  slightly  hairy  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  drooping  clusters,  short- 
oblong,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends  or  slightly  narrowed  at  the 
apex,  dull  greenish  red,  pruinosc,  marked  by  large  pale  dots,  about 
I  cm  in  diameter ;  calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a  deep  narrow  cavity, 
and  spreading  lobes,  their  tips  incurved  and  often  deciduous  from 
the  ripe  fruit ;  flesh  thin,  yellow,  dry  and  mealy ;  nutlets  3  or  4,  nar- 
rowed and  rounded  at  the  ends  or  acute  at  ihe  apex,  irregularly 
grooved  or  occasionally  slightly  ridged  on  the  hack,  6-7  mm  long, 
and  4-5  mm  wide. 

A  shrub,  with  slender  nearly  straight  glabrous  branchlets,  green 
tinged  with  red  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  bright  chestnut- 
brown,  lustrous  and  marked  by  numerous  pale  lenticels  in  their  first 
season  and  dull  reddish  brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with 
slender  slightly  curved  or  straight  chestnut-brown  shining  spines 
2.5-3  cin  long. 

In  moist  soil,  Chapinville,  Ontario  co.,  J.  Dunbar  and  C.  S.  Sargent 
(#  E,  type),  October  r,  1902,  M.  S.  Baxter,  May  30  and  September 
20,  1903. 

This  and  Crataegus  del  a  w  a  r  e  n  s  i  s  Sargent  are  the  only 
species  of  Priiinosac  that  have  yet  been  seen  with  10  stamens  and 
yellow  anthers.  From  C  .  d  e  1  a  w  a  r  c  n  s  i  s  it  differs  in  the 
scabrate  young  leaves  and  villose  pedicels,  and  from  all  other  species 
in  the  rlense  covering  of  hairs  on  the  lower  part  of  the  styles. 

IV     TiOM  iKoi.i  \i': 

I'Vuit  short-oblong  to  obtvate,  re  1  or  scarlet,  lustrous;  anthers 
rose  color  or  pink;  leaves  thin,  hirsule  on  tlie  u;)])er  surface  while 
young. 

Stamens  10  or  less 
Leaves  yellow-green 

Leaves  glabrous  at  maturity;   in-diirls   Hl'ibrous 
I'Vuit    usually    sliort-ohlouv,' 
Stamens   ro;  antlicrs  pink 

I'"l()wers    I.f)  (111   ill   (liaiiiclcr,  in   wide   loose   corymbs 

I      C.      s  1  a  V  i  II  i 

I'lowers    not     more     than     1.2    cm     in     iliaiiuttr,     in    compact 

corymbs _'     (.' .    !»onllii;ina 

Stamens  7-10;  anthers  dark    rose  color 3     C  .    s  11  :i  v  i  s 

Fruit   obovate 4     ^      c  n  1  o  r  a  I  a 

Leaves  scabrate   at   maturity;  pedicels  villose... S    C.   rubicunda 


REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  BOTAXIST  I907  57 

Leates  blue-green 

Leaves  glabrous  at  maturity 
Fruit  short-oblong 

Leaves  oblong-ovate,  deeply  lobed,  usually  only  above  the  mid- 
dle; fruit  often  1.4  cm  in  length 6     C  .    o  r  n  a  t  a 

Leaves  broadly  ovate,  laterally  lobed;  fruit  generally  not    more 

than   I    cm   long 7     C.     bell  a 

Leaves  oval,  only  slightly  lobed 8     C.    genial  is 

Fruit  obovate 9    C. .  tenuiloba 

Leaves  scabrate  at  maturity 10     C.    streetcrae 

Stamens  20 
Leaves  broadly  ovate;  flowers  in  compact  corymbs;  fruit  short-oblong,  in 

erect   clusters 11     C.    conferta 

Leaves  oblong-ovate;  flowers  in  wide  long-branched  corymbs;  fruit  obovate, 
in  drooping  clusters 12     C  .   1  u  ni  i  n  o  s  a 

Crataegus  slavini  n.  sp. 
Leaves  oblong-ovate,  acuminate,  broad  and  rounded  or  gradually 
narrowed  and  cuneate  at  the  base,  finely  doubly  serrate,  with  straight 
glandular  teeth,  and  divided  into  5-8  pairs  of  widespreading  often 
incurved  acuminate  lateral  lobes ;  nearly  half  grown  when  the  flow- 
ers open  about  the  25th  of  May  and  then  thin,  yellow-green  and 
roughened  above  by  short  white  hairs  and  pale  and  glabrous  below, 
and  at  maturity  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  bright  yellow-green,  smooth 
and  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface  and  pale  and  glaucous  on  the 
lower  surface,  4.5-7  cm  long  and  4-5.5  cm  wide,  with  stout  midribs 
and  slender  primary  veins  arching  obliquely  to  the  points  of  the 
lobes ;  petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  glandu- 
lar, with  minute  persistent  glands,  2-3  cm  in  length ;  leaves  on  vig- 
orous shoots  thin,  rounded  or  slightly  cordate  at  the  base,  more 
deeply  lobed,  often  6y-y  cm  long  and  5-6  cm  wide.  Flowers 
1. 5-1. 6  cm  in  diameter,  on  long  slender  glabrous  pedicels,  in  wide 
lax,  mostly  8-io-flowered  corymbs,  the  lower  peduncles  from  the 
axils  of  upper  leaves ;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  glabrous,  the 
lobes  abruptly  narrowed  from  broad  bases,  slender,  acuminate, 
entire  or  occasionally  obscurely  dentate,  glabrous,  reddish,  reflexed 
after  anthesis ;  stamens  10;  anthers  pink;  styles  3  or  4,  surrounded 
at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  matted  pale  hairs.  Fruit  ripening 
from  the  first  to  the  middle  of  October  and  persistent  after  the  fall 
of  the  leaves,  on  slender  reddish  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  drooping 
clusters,  short-oblong  or  slightly  obovate,  somewhat  angled,  bright 
orange-red,  lustrous,  marked  by  numerous  small  pale  dots, 
1. 2-1. 4  cm  long,  and  about  l  cm  wide;  calyx  prominent,  with  a 
narrow  deep  cavity,  and  spreading  and  slightly  incurved  lobes,  dark 


58  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

red  on  the  upper  side  below  the  middle,  their  tips  often  deciduous 
from  the  ripe  fruit;  flesh  thick,  yellow,  sweet  and  succulent;  nut- 
lets 3  or  4,  narrowed  at  the  ends,  acute  at  the  apex,  prominently 
ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  broad  deeply  grooved  ridge,  6-7  mm  long, 
and  4  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  3-4  m  high,  with  erect  intricately  branched  stems  covered 
with  pale  gray  bark  and  spreading  into  broad  thickets,  and  slender 
nearly  straight  glabrous  branchlets,  dark  orange  color  and  marked 
by  many  pale  lenticels  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  dull  reddish 
brown  in  their  first  season  and  dark  gray-brown  the  follownig  year, 
and  armed  with  straight  or  slightly  curved  chcslnul-brown  shining 
spines  3-4  cm  long. 

Brighton  near  Rochester,  1'..  II.  Slavin  ("^  1,  type,  and  4), 
October  12,  1903,  May  24,  1904. 

This  species  is  named  for  Bernard  Henry  Slavin  of  Seneca  park, 
Rochester,  for  many  years  a  diligent  and  careful  student  and  col- 
lector of  Crataegus  in  western  New  York. 

Crataegus  boothiana  n.  sp. 
Leaves  ovate,  acuminate  and  often  long  pointed  at  the  apex, 
rounded  at  the  base,  finely  often  doubly  serrate,  with  straight  slender 
glandular  teeth,  and  divided -into  5  or  6  pairs  of  acuminate  spreading 
lobes;  tinged  with  red  when  they  unfold,  nearly  half  grown  when 
the  flowers  open  about  the  20th  of  May  and  then  membranaceous, 
yellow-green  and  roughened  above  by  short  white  hairs  and  pale 
arid  glabrous  below,  and  at  maturity  thin,  light  yellow-green, 
glabrous  and  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface  and  pale  bluish  green 
on  the  lower  surface,  5-6  cm  long  and  4-4.5  cm  wide,  with  slender 
midribs,  and  thin  primary  veins  extending  obli(iuely  to  the  points 
of  the  lobes;  petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex, 
glabrous,  glandular,  with  occasional  minute  scattered  often  persistent 
glands,  1-2.5  cm  in  length  ;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  rounded  or 
often  cordate  at  tlu'  broad  base,  (k-cply  lobed,  with  stout  winged 
conspicuously  glandular  petioles,  blowers  about  1.2  cm  in  diameter, 
on  slender  gl'ibrous  jjcdicels,  in  compact  mostly  S-io-flowered 
corymbs;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic.  glabrous,  the  lobes  slender, 
acuminate,  entire  or  slightly  toothed  near  the  base,  glabrous,  red 
above  the  middle,  reflexed  after  anthesis ;  stamens  10;  filaments 
persistent  on  the  fruit;  anthers  |)ink ;  styles  3.  surroinided  at  the 
base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  tonientnm.  I'rnit  ripening  the  middle- 
of   September,   on   short   rerldish   i)edicels,   in    few- fruited  drooping 


RI^'ORT    OF    TIIK    STATE    150TANIST    I907  59 

clusters,  short-oblong,  full  antl  rounded  at  the  ends,  bright  orange- 
red,  lustrous,  marked  by  occasional  small  pale  dots,  1-1.2  cm  long 
and  8-9  mm  wide ;  calyx  prominent,  with  a  broad  shallow  cavity,  the 
lobes  elongated,  spreading,  dark  re  1  on  the  upper  side  below  the 
middle,  their  tips  usually  deciduous  from  the  ripe  fruit;  flesh  thin, 
yellow,  slightly  juicy  ;  nutlets  3,  narrowed  and  rounded  at  the  base, 
acute  at  the  apex,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  narrow  high  ridge, 
5-6  mm  long,  and  3-4  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  2-2.5  ""^  hig^i*  with  small  erect  stems  forming  an  open 
irregular  head,  and  slender  nearly  straight  glabrous  branchlets  light 
green  tinged  with  red  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  dull  recklish 
brown  and  marked  by  small  pale  lenticels  in  their  first  season  and 
dull  gray-brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  stout  or  slender 
nearly  straight  purplish  shining  spines  2.5-3  cm  long. 

Wooded  banks,  near  Rochester,  J.  Dunbar  (#  132,  type),  Sep- 
tember 8,  1902,  May  16  and  September  16,  1903;  Murray,  common, 
M.  S.  Baxter  (#133),  October  11,  1902;  Filmore,  Baxter  and 
Dewing  (  ;^309),  September  4,  1905. 

At  the  suggestion  of  Mr  Dunbar  this  species  is  named  in  memory 
of  Charles  Miller  Booth,  M.  D.  (October  12,  1830-January  30, 
1906),  a  resident  of  Rochester  during  nearly  the  whole  of  his  life 
and  a  careful  student  of  the  flora  of  \vestern  New  York,  especially 
of  the  mosses  and  grasses  in  which  he  was  particularly  interested. 

Crataegus  suavis  n.  sp. 
Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  rounded  or  abruptly  concave-cuneate 
at  the  entire  base,  doubly  serrate  above,  with  slender  glandular  teeth, 
and  divided  into  5  or  6  pairs  of  acuminate  spreading  lateral  lobes ; 
tinged  with  red  and  roughened  above  by  short  white  hairs  when 
they  unfold,  about  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  at  the  end  of 
May  and  then  membranaceous,  yellow-green,  smooth  and  scabrate 
above,  and  at  maturity  thin,  yellow-green,  smooth  and  glabrous  on 
the  upper  surface  and  pale  on  the  lower  surface,  5.6-7  cm  long  and 
4.5  cm  wide,  wdth  slender  yellow  midribs,  and  thin  primary  veins 
arching  obliquely  to  the  points  of  the  lobes;  petioles  slender,  slightly 
wing-margined  at  the  apex,  glandular,  with  persistent  glands, 
2-2.5  cm  long ;  stipules  linear  to  linear-obovate,  glandular,  foliaceous 
and  lunate  on  vigorous  shoots,  "  glandular,  caducous.  Flowers 
1.5  cm  in  diameter,  on  sleufler  elongated  glabrous  pedicels,  in  lax 
thin  Ijrancl.'cd  usually  7-10-flowered  corymbs,  with  linear  glandular 
bracts  and  bractlets   fading  brown ;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic, 


6o  NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

glabrous,  the  lobes  long,  slender,  acuminate,  entire,  glabrous,  re- 
flexed  after  anthesis ;  stamens  7-9;  anthers  light  rose  color;  styles 
2  or  3,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  tomentum. 
Fruit  ripening  from  the  middle  to  the  end  of  September,  on  slender 
drooping  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  clusters,  short-oblong,  full  and 
rounded  at  the  ends  or  slightly  narrowed  toward  the  base,  orange- 
red,  lustrous,  marked  by  small  pale  dots,  1-1.3  cm  long,  and  8-9  mm 
wide ;  calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a  deep  narrow  cavity,  and  slender 
closely  appressed  lobes,  their  tips  often  deciduous  from  the  ripe 
fruit;  flesh  thick,  pale  yellow,  sweet  and  juicy;  nutlets  2  or  3,  grad- 
ually narrowed  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a 
low  deeply  grooved  ridge,  7-8  mm  long,  and  about  4  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  sometimes  4  m  high,  with  small  erect  stems  and  branches, 
and  slender  slightly  zigzag  glabrous  branchlets,  dark  orange-green 
deeply  tinged  with  purple  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  dull 
reddish-brown  and  marked  by  small  pale  lenticels  in  their  first 
season  and  light  gray-brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with 
slender  straight  purplish  spines  2.5-3.5  cm  long. 

Buffalo,  J.  Dunbar  (#9,  type),  September  29,  1903,  June  i, 
1905,  and  Alay  28,  1905;  (  *'   18),  J    Dunbar,  May  28,  1905. 

Crataegus  colorata   Sargent 
Roclicstcr  Acad.   .Sci.    Proc.    IV.    123    (1903). 
Huffalo,  common,  j.  Dunbar,  September  26,  1905,  May  28,  1906; 
Niagara  I""a]ls,  J.  Dunbar,  .Sfj)tcnil)cr  28,  i()n5  ;  also  near  Rochester, 
New  York. 

Crataegus  rubicunda  Sargent 

Roclicstcr   .Acad.   Sci.   Troc.   IV.    121    (1903). 

Buffalo,  J.  Diuibar,  May  2\,  i'K'3.  May  28,  1906;  also  near 
Kochester,  New  "S'ork. 


Crataegus  ornata    Sargcnl 

R.iclir.tcr   Acad.   .Sci.    I'roc.    IV.    120   (1903). 

I'.iiffalo,  j.  Dunbar  (   -^  42),  October  6,  k^oj,  May  28,  1906;  also 
near  ivnclicslir,  N'cw  \'ork. 


REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  BOTANIST  I907  61 

Crataegus  bella  n.  sp. 

Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  rounded  or  abruptly  cuneate  at  the 
broad  entire  base,  finely  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  slender 
glandular  teeth,  and  divided  into  4  or  5  pairs  of  narrows  acuminate 
spreading  lateral  lobes ;  dark  red  and  covered  on  the  upper  surface 
with  short  white  hairs  when  they  first  appear,  nearly  fully  grown 
when  the  flowers  open  at  the  end  of  May  and  then  membranaceous, 
light  yellow-green  and  scabrate  above  and  pale  below,  and  at 
maturity  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  dark  bluish  green  and  very  smooth 
on  the  upper  surface,  pale  blue-green  on  the  lower  surface, 
3.5-4.5  cm  long  and  3-3.5  cm  wide,  with  slender  midribs  and  thin 
primary  veins ;  petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex, 
glandular,  with  large  dark  glands  occasionally  persistent  during  the 
season,  often  rose  color  in  the  autumn,  1.5-2  cm  in  length;  leaves 
on  vigorous  shoots  rounded  or  slightly  cordate  at  the  base,  and 
usually  as  broad  as  long,  with  stout  broad-winged  rose  colored 
petioles.  Flowers  1.6  cm  in  diameter,  on  slender  glabrous  pedicels, 
in  crowded  many-flowered  corymbs,  with  linear  bracts  and  bractlets 
fading  brown;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  glabrous,  the  lobes 
slender,  elongated,  entire  or  sparingly  dentate,  glabrous,  refiexed 
after  anthesis;  stamens,  10;  anthers  rose  color;  styles  3  or  4,  sur- 
rounded at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  hairs.  Fruit  very 
showy,  in  wide  many-fruited  erect  or  spreading  clusters,  full  and 
rounded  at  the  ends  or  slightly  narrowed  from  below  the  middle 
to  the  base,  scarlet,  lustrous,  marked  by  many  small  pale  dots,  about 
I  cm  long  and  8-9  mm  wide ;  calyx  prominent,  with  a  broad  deep 
cavity,  and  spreading  or  slightly  incurved  persistent  lobes  red  on  the 
upper  side  toward  the  base;  flesh  thick,  yellow,  sweet  and  juicy; 
nutlets  3  or  4,  narrowed  and  acute  at  the  ends,  ridged  on  the  back, 
with  a  broad  doubly  grooved  ridge  7-8  mm  long,  and  4-5  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  3-4  m  high,  with  stout  ascending  tortuous  stems,  small 
si)rcading  branches,  and  slenrler  zigzag  branchlets  dark  purple  and 
puberulous  wdien  they  first  appear,  soon  glabrous,  becoming  bright 
chestnut-brown  and  lustrous  in  their  first  season  and  dull  gray- 
brown  tlic  following  year,  and  armed  with  stout  straight  or  slightly 
curved  bright  chestnut-brown  shining  ultimately  dull  gray-brown 
spines  2.5-3.5  cm  long. 

lUiffalo,  J.  Dunbar  ("^24,-  type),  September  24,  1904,  ^lay  28, 
1905. 


62  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Crataegus  genialis  Sargent 
Rhodora   V.    148   (1903)- 

Buffalo,  J.   Dunbar   and   C.    S.    Sargent    (*  18),    September  24, 

1904,  J.  Dunbar,  May  21,  1905;  also  eastern  New  York  an  1  west- 
ern Massachusetts. 

Crataegus  tenuilcba  Sargent 
Rochester  Acad.  Sic.  Prcc.   IV.   122   (1903). 
Buft'alo,  J.  Dunbar  (  ^  19  and  30),  September  30,  1904.  Alay  28, 
1905;  also  near  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Crataegus  streetcrae  .Sargent 
Rochester  Acad.   Sci.    IVoc.    IV.    no    (1903)- 
Buffalo,  J.  Dunbar,  May  28,  1906;  Niagara  Falls,  September  27, 

1905,  May  28,  1906;  also  at  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Crataegus  conferta  n.  sp. 
Leaves  broadly  ovate,  acuminate  or  rounded  and  short  pointed 
at  the  apex,  rounded  or  slightly  cordate  at  the  entire  base,  finely 
serrate  above,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  slightly  divided 
into  3  or  4  pairs  of  small  acuminate  spreading  lobes;  tinged  with 
red  and  covered  above  with  .soft  while  hairs  when  they  unfold. 
nearly  fully  grown  when  the  flowers  open  at  the  end  of  May  and 
then  membranaceous,  light  yellow-green  and  scabrate  above,  and 
at  maturity  thin,  grabrous,  yellow-green  and  smooth  on  the  upper 
surface,  paler  on  the  lower  surface,  3-4  cm  long  and  3-3.5  cm  wide, 
with  comparatively  .stout  midribs,  and  4  or  5  pairs  of  thin  ])rimary 
veins ;  i)eti(jlcs  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  glandu- 
lar throughout  the  .season,  1.5-1.8  cm  in  length;  leaves  on  vigorous 
shoots  somewhat  thickened,  cuneatc  at  the  base,  more  coarsely  ser- 
rate, more  deeply  lobed,  and  often  5-6  cm  long  and  4-5  cm  wide, 
with  stout  shorter  broadly  winged  petioles.  I-dowers  i.S  cm  in  diam- 
eter, on  short  glabrous  pedicels,  in  very  co;n]>act  crowded  usually 
7-8-flowcrcd  showy  corymbs,  with  linear  glandidar  bracts  and 
bractlels ;  calyx-tube  broa<lly  obconic.  the  lobes  sletider,  elongated. 
entire  or  sparingly  dentate,  glabrous,  reflexed  after  anthcsis ; 
stamens  20;  filaments  persistent  on  the  ripe  fruit;  anthers  rose 
color;  styles  3,  surrounded  at  the  l)ase  by  a  narniw  ring  of  pale 
tomentum,     I'ruit  ripening  at  the  end  of  Sei)tembcr,  on  short  stout 


RKPORT  OK  Tin-:  STATE  BOTANIST  IQG/  63 

rccUlish  pedicels,  in  compact  few- fruited  erect  clusters,  sliurt-oblong, 
slii^htly  narrowed  from  the  middle  to  the  ends,  orange-red,  lustrous, 
marked  by  small  pale  dots,  about  1.2  cm  long  and  8  mm  wide;  calyx 
little  enlarged,  with  a  deep  narrow  cavity,  and  small  closely  ai)- 
pressed  persistent  lobes  bright  red  on  the  upper  side ;  tlesli  thick, 
yellow,  dry  and  sweet;  nutlets  3,  narrowed  and  acute  at  the  ends 
or  broader  and  rounded  at  the  base,  rounded  and  only  slightly 
ridged  on  the  back,  about  7  mm  long,  and  4  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  3-4  m  high,  with  small  ascending  stems,  and  slender 
nearly  straight  branchlets  dark  orange-green  more  or  less  tinged 
with  purple  and  puberulous  when  they  first  appear,  soon  glabrous, 
becoming  bright  chestnut-brown,  lustrous,  and  marked  by  numer- 
ous small  dark  lenticles  in  their  first  season  and  dull  reddish 
brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  stout  straight  or  slightly 
curved  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  2-3  cm  long. 

Buffalo,  J.  Dunbar  (#  10,  type),  May  28  and  September  26, 
1905;  J.  Dunbar  ( '^  T^y),  May  28,  1905. 

Crataegus  luminosa  n.  sp. 
Leaves  oblong- ovate,  acuminate,  rounded,  truncate  or  rarely  cu- 
neate  at  the  entire  base,  finely  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight 
glandular  teeth,  and  slightly  divided  into  4  or  5  pairs  of  small 
acuminate  lateral  lobes ;  deeply  tinged  with  red  and  covered  on  the 
upper  surface  with  soft  white  hairs  and  glabrous  below  when  they 
unfold,  about  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  at  the  end  of  May 
and  then  yellow^-gpeen  and  scabrate  above,  and  at  maturity  thin, 
glabrous,  smooth  and  yellow-green  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  on 
the  lower  surface,  5-6  cm  long  and  3.5-4.5  cm  wide,  with  slender 
yellow  mic'ribs  and  thin  primary  veins  extending  to  the  points  of 
the  lobes ;  petioles  very  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex, 
glandular  throughout  the  season,  often  tinged  with  rose  color  in 
the  autumn,  2-3  cm  in  length;  stipules  linear,  glandular,  fading 
brown,  caducous ;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  long-pointed,  cordate 
at  the  base,  more  coarsely  serrate  and  more  deeply  lobed.  Flowers 
1.8  cm  in  diameter,  on  long  slender  glabrous  pedicels,  in  wide  long- 
branched  usually  8-TO-flowered  corymbs,  the  lowest  peduncles  from 
Ihc  axils  of  upper  leaves;  calyx-tube  broadly  obconic,  glabrous,  the 
lobes  shorty  slender,  sparingly  dentate  near  the  middle,  glabrous  on 
the  outer,  slightly  villose  on  the  inner  surface,  reflexed  after  anthe- 
sis ;  petals  reflexed;  stamens  20;  anthers  dark  red;  styles  5,  sur- 
rounded at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  tomentum.     Fruit 


64  '  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

ripening  early  in  September  and  soon  falling,  on  stout  red  pedicels, 
in  few- fruited  drooping  clusters,  obovate,  rounded  at  the  apex, 
gradually  narrowed  from  above  the  middle  to  the  base,  dark  crim- 
son, lustrous,  marked  by  many  small  pale  dots ;  calyx  little  enlarged, 
with  a  deep  narrow  cavity,  the  lobes  usually  deciduous  from  the  ripe 
fruit;  flesh  thick,  yellow,  soft  and  juicy;  nutlets  5,  thin,  rounded 
at  the  base,  gradually  narrowed  and  acute  at  the  apex,  slightly 
grooved  on  the  back,  about  7  mm  long,  and  4-5  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  sometimes  5  m  high,  with  numerous  ashy  gray  stems, 
small  ascending  and  spreading  branches,  and  slender  slightly  zigzag 
branclilcts,  dark  orange-green  deeply  tinged  w^ith  purple  when  they 
first  appear,  becoming  in  their  first  season  light  chestnut-brown, 
lustrous  and  marked  by  many  small  pale  lenticels,  and  dull  gray- 
brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  stout  slightly  curved 
chestnut-brown  or  purplish  spines  3-4  cm  long. 

Low  wet  Woods,  Bufifalo,  J.  Dunbar  ("^36,  type).  May  28  and 
September  26,  1905. 


Fruit  subglobose  to  obovate,  scarlet,  pubescent  at  the  ends;  flesh 
thick  and  succulent ;  nutlets  3-5,  narrowed  at  the  ends,  usually 
slightly  ridged ;  corymbs  hairy ;  leaves  thin,  broad,  cuncate  or 
rounded  at  the  base;  stamens  15-20;  anthers  rose  color. 

Crataegus  radians  n.  sp. 
Leaves  oval  to  ovate,  actuninalc,  concavc-cuneate  or  rounded  at 
the  often  unsymmetrical  glandular  base,  sharply  doubly  serrate 
alx)vc,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  divided  often  only  above 
the  middle  into  6  or  7  pairs  of  slender  acuminate  spreading  lobes; 
nearly  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  about  the  20th  of  IVIay 
and  then  thin,  light  ycllow-grecn  and  roughened  aljove  by  short 
white  hairs  and  villosc  below,  and  at  maturity  thin,  yellow-grccn 
and  scabratc  on  llic  upper  surfare,  palor  and  coated  below  on  the 
'^lender  midribs  and  ])rimary  veins  with  mailed  white  hairs,  6  8.5 
cm  long  and  45  cm  wide;  petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined 
at  the  apex,  villose,  2.5  3.5  <-m  in  length;  leaves  on  vigorous  sh(,)ots 
rounded  or  truncate  at  the  l)r.  .ad  Itase,  more  coarsely  serrate  and 
more  deeply  lobcd,  often  (7  10  cm  long  and  S  o  em  wide,  with 
slender  glandular  petioles.  Mowers  1.7  i.i)  em  in  di.uneter,  on 
slender  villose  ])edicels.  in  wide  lax  5  U)  (lowered  hairy 
corymbs,     with     lincar-obovatc    to     linear     glandular     bracts     and 


REPORT    OF    TIIR    STATE    BOTANIST    I907  65 

bractlcts  fading  brown  and  mostly  persistent  until  the  flowers 
open ;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  thickly  coated  with  long 
white  hairs,  the  lobes  gradually  narrowed  .  from  wide  bases, 
slender,  acuminate,  entire  or  minutely  and  irregularly  glandular 
serrate,  glabrous  on  the  outer,  sparingly  villose  on  the  inner 
surface,  reflexed  after  anthesis ;  stamens  15-20,  usually  20; 
anthers  dark  rose  color ;  styles  4  or  5,  surrounded  at  the  base 
by  a  narrow  ring  of  long  white  hairs.  Fruit  ripening  from  the  20th 
to  the  end  of  September,  on  stout  villose  reddish  pedicels,  in  few- 
fruited  drooping  clusters,  short-oblong,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends 
or  obovate  and  slightly  narrowed  at  the  base,  crimson,  lustrous, 
puberulous  at  the  ends,  marked  by  large  pale  dots ;  calyx  little  en- 
larged, with  a  deep  narrow  cavity,  and  slender  spreading  recurved 
usually  persistent  lobes  dark  red  on  the  upper  side  below  the  middle ; 
flesh  thin,  juicy,  dark  yellow ;  nutlets  4  or  5,  gradually  narrowed 
and  acute  at  the  ends  or  rounded  at  the  base,  rounded  and  grooved 
or  irregularly  ridged  on  the  back,  6-7  mm  long,  and  4-5  mm  wide. 

An  arborescent  shrub  7-8  m  high,  with  stout  spreading  stems 
covered  with  light  gray  scaly  bark,  small  spreading  and  ascending 
branches  forming  an  open  irregular  head,  and  slender  slightly  zig- 
zag branchlets,  covered  when  they  first  appear  with  long  matted 
white  hairs,  light  red  or  orange-brown,  pubescent  and  marked  by 
pale  lenticels  in  their  first  season,  darker  colored  and  glabrous  the 
following  year  and  ultimately  ashy  gray,  and  armed  with  slender 
nearly  straight  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  4.5-5  cm  long. 

Low  moist  woods,  Rochester  (Knickerbocker  woods),  Baxter  and 
Dewing  (#  302,  type),  October  10,  1904,  May  21  and  September  24, 
1905,  J.  Dunbar,  May  21,  1905. 

VI      FLAUELLATAE 

Fruit  short-oblong  to  oval  or  obovate,  scarlet,  lustrous,  1.5-2  cm 
long;  flesh  succulent;  nutlets  3-5,  grooved  and  occasionally  ridged 
on  the  back ;  leaves  large,  thin,  ovate  to  oblong,  more  or  less  acutely 
lobed ;  anthers  rose  color  or  pink. 

Stamens  20 

Leaves  broadly  ovate,  glabrous  above  at  maturity ;  fruit  obovate 

I     C.    dayana 

Leaves  oblong-ovate,  scabrate  above  at  maturity;  fruit  short-oblong 

2     C.    limosa 

Stamens  10 

Anthers     pink;     leaves     ovate,     glabrous     above     at     maturity;     fruit 
obovate .-3     C.  letchworthiana 


66  NEW    YORK    STATE.  MUSEUM 

Anthers  rose  color;  leaves  broadly  ovate,  scabrate  above  at  maturity; 

fruit  short-oblong 4     C.    pedicellata 

Stamens  7-10 

Flowers  2.4  cm  in  diameter,  on  slightly  villose  pedicels,  in  broad 
lo-15-flowered  corymbs;  anthers  pale  pink;  fruit  short-oblong, 
truncate  at  the  apex,  often  unsymmetrical  and  mammillate  at  the 
base 5     C.  gloriosa 

Flowers  not  more  than  1.5  cm  in  diameter,  on  densely  villose  pedi- 
cels,  in  compact  8-iO-flowered    corymbs;    anthers    dark    rose    color; 

fruit  subglobose  to  oval 6     C.    sejuncta 

Stamens  5-7,  usually  5 

Leaves     oval     to     ovate,     light     yellow-green ;      flowers     cup-shaped,     on 

glabrous  or  slightly  villose  pedicels;   fruit   (jblong  to   oval 

7     C  .     h  o  1  m  e  s  i  a  n  a 

Leaves  cblong-ovate,  dark  yellow-green ;  flowers  not  cup-shaped ;  ped- 
icels   densely    villose;    fruit    short-oblong 8     C.  ace  li  vis 

Crataegus  dayana  n.  sp. 
Leaves  broadly  ovate,  acuminate,  abruptly  concave-cuneate  or 
rounded  at  tbe  entire  or  glandular  base,  sharply  doubly  serrate,  with 
slender  glandular  tee'li,  and  divided  into  6  or  7  pairs  of  narrow 
acuminate  spreading  lateral  loues ;  when  they  unfold  tinged  with 
rose  color  and  coated  with  soft  while  hairs  more  abundant  on  the 
lower  than  on  the  upper  surface,  nearly  two  thirds  grown  when  the 
tlowers  open  the  last  week  of  May  and  then  very  thin,  yellow-green 
and  scabrate  above  and  pale  and  slightly  hairy  along  the  inidril)S 
and  veins  below,  with  short  sometimes  persistent  hairs,  and  at  ma- 
turity thin,  dark  yellow-green,  sm(X)th  and  glabrous  on  the  upper 
surface,  i)ale  on  the  U-wer  surface,  8-10  cm  long  and  7-9  cm  wide, 
with  stout  midribs,  and  ])rimary  veins  arching'  to  the  poiiU  of  the 
lobes;  pitioles  ^lend.er,  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  slightly  villose 
while  young,  bccoiuing  glabrous,  rose  colored  in  the  autumn,  3-4 
cm  in  length;  stij)ules  linear,  only  slightK-  glandular,  fading  brown, 
calncous;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  thicker,  cordate  at  thi-  broad 
base,  vi'r\  coar-ely  serrate,  more  (!eeply  lobed  and  ofti'ii  id  11  cm 
lo::g  ;ind  wi  le,  with  stotit  glandidar  red  ])etioles  2-2.5  *^''"  '"  length, 
an«l  foliaceous  liniate  glandular  serrate  deciduous  stipides.  i'lowers 
J  2.2  cm  in  diameter,  on  long  stout  slightly  hairy  pedicels,  in  wide 
lax  long  branched  usnally  10  [4  flowered  corymbs,  the  lower  ped- 
uncles from  the  axils  of  n|)pi'r  leaves;  calyx-tnbe  narrowly  obconic, 
glabrou-.  the  lobes  gradnally  narrowed  from  broad  bases,  long, 
acuminate,  coarsely  glandular  serrate  above  the  middle,  glabrous  on 
tile  outer,  slightly  villose  on   the-   iimer  surface,  rellexed  after  an- 


REPORT    OF    TIIK    STATE    ROTAXIST    I907  67 

thesis;  stamens  20;  anthers  pink;  styles  3  or  4,  surrounded  at  the 
base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  tomentum.  Fruit  ripening  from  the 
first  to  the  middle  of  September  and  soon  falling,  on  long  stout 
glabrous  reddish  drooping  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  clusters,  obovate, 
full  and  rounded  at  the  apex,  gradually  narrowed  from  above  the 
middle  to  the  base  and  sometimeis  decurrent  on  the  pedicel,  crimson, 
lustrous,  marked  by  many  small  pale  dots ;  calyx  prominent,  with  a 
wide  very  deep  cavity,  and  spreading  and  incurved  coarsely  serrate 
persistent  lobes  dark  red  on  the  upper  side  toward  the  base ;  flesh 
thick,  dark  yellow,  juicy  and  edible;  nutlets  3  or  4,  acute  at  the 
ends,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  narrow  high  ridge,  7-8  mm  long, 
and  about  5  mm  wide. 

A  tree  sometimes  5  m  high,  with  a  trunk  occasionally  3  dm  in 
diameter,  covered  with  ashy  gray  bark,  spreading  horizontal 
branches  forming  a  compact  shapely  head,  and  slender  slightly 
zigzag  glabrous  branchlets  dark  orange-green  deeply  tinged  with 
purple  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  bright  chestnut-brown,  very 
lustrous  and  marked  by  small  pale  lenticels  in  their  first  season  and 
dull  reddish  brown  tlie  following  year,  and  armed  with  slender 
nearly  straight  bright  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  3.5-4-5  cm 
long;  or  an  arborescent  shrub,  with  numerous  small  stems. 

Buffalo,  J.  Dunbar  and  C.  S.  Sargent  ("^7,  type),  September  24, 
1904,  J.  Dunbar,  May  28,  1905. 

This  handsome  tree  is  named  in  memory  of  David  Fisher  Day 
(June  II,  1829-August  21,  1901),  the  author  with  Judge  Clinton, 
of  A  Catalogue  of  tkc  Native  and  Naturalised  Plants  of  the  City 
of  Buffalo  and  its  Vicinity  (1883),  and  of  A  Catalogue  of  the 
Floivcring  and  Fern-like  Plants  grozving  zvithout  Cultivation  in  the 
Vicinity  of  the  Falls  of  Niagara  (i< 


Crataegus  limosa  n.  sp. 
Leaves  oblong-ovate,  acuminate,  concave-cuneate  or  gradually 
narrowed  and  rounded  at  the  entire  base,  coarsely  doubly  serrate 
above,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  divided  often  only  above 
the  middle  into  6  or  7  narrow  acuminate  lobes;  more  than  half 
grown  when  the  flowers  open  from  the  15th  to  the  20th  of  May 
and  then  very  ihin,  bright  green  and  roughened  above  by  short 
white  hairs  and  pale  bluish  green  and  glabrous  below,  and  at  ma- 
turity thin,  dark  yellow-green  and  scabrate  on  the  ui)])er  surface 
and  pale  yellow-green  on  the  lower  surface,  6-8  cm  long  and  4-5  cm 
wide,  with  stout  orange  colored  midribs,  and  thin  i)rimary  veins  ex- 


68  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

tending  obliquely  to  the  points  of  the  lobes;  petioles  slender, 
narrowly  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  slightly  hairy  on  the  upper  side 
while  young,  soon  glabrous,  occasionally  minutely  glandular,  1.5-2.5 
cm  in  length ;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  more  deeply  lobed  and  often 
8-9  cm  long  and  6-6.5  ^"^  wide.  Flowers  1.8  cm  in  diameter,  on 
long  slender  slightly  hairy  pedicels,  in  mostly  8-io-flowered  compact 
thin-branched  corymbs,  the  lower  peduncles  from  the  axils  of  upper 
leaves;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  glabrous,  the  lobes  slender, 
elongated,  minutely  glandular-dentate,  glabrous  on  the  outer,  pubes- 
cent on  the  inner  surface,  reflexed  after  anthesis;  stamens  20-25; 
anthers  red;  styles  2-4,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of 
pale  tomentum.  hruit  ripening  the  end  of  September,  on  stout 
nearly  glabrous  reddish  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  drooping  clusters, 
short-oblong,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  crimson,  lustrous,  marked 
by  large  pale  dots,  1-1.2  cm  long  and  8-10  mm  wide;  calyx  little 
enlarged,  with  a  deep  narrow  cavity,  and  spreading  reflexed  lobes 
red  below  the  middle  on  the  upper  side  and  often  deciduous  from  the 
ripe  fruit;  flesh  thick,  yellow,  sweet  and  succulent;  nutlets  2,  nar- 
rowed and  rounded  a!  the  ends  or  acute  at  the  apex,  ritlged  on  the 
back,  with  a  high  (jften  doubly  gro()ve<l  ridge,  about  7  mm  long,  and 
4  mm  wide. 

An  arlx)rescent  shrub  5-7  m  high,  with  widespreading  stems 
often  2  dm  in  dicimct'-r  and  1  m  long  covered  with  gray  scaly  bark, 
small  drooping  liranches,  forming  a  wide  irregular  open  head,  and 
slender  zigzag  glabrous  branchlets  (kuk  orange-yellow  and  marked 
by  pale  lenticels  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  light  chestnut- 
brown  and  lustrous  in  their  first  season  and  dull  gray-brown 
the  following  year,  and  armed  with  few  slender  slightly  curved  chest- 
nut-brown shining  spines  3-4  cm  long. 

In  the  dense  shade  of  thick  woods,  llagaman's  swamp  near  Roch- 
ester, J.  Dunbar  (^QQ),  October  12.  kjoi.  .Soptcmbcr  26,  T()03, 
May  19  and  .Scptemlx-i   26,  1902. 

Crataegus  letchworthiana  n.  sp. 
Leaves  r)vate,  acute  or  acuminatf,  concave  euneale  or  rounded  at 
the  l)road  entire  base,  fniely  doubly  stiraU'  above,  willi  straiglil 
glandular  teeth,  and  slightly  divided  usually  (.)idy  above  the  mid<lle 
intf)  3  (jr  4  pairs  of  small  s])riadiiig  acuminati-  lobes;  slightly  tingeil 
with  red  when  tlicy  niifoll,  marly  half  grown  when  the  flowers 
(t\)cu  at  the  end  of  May  and  llu'ii  I  bin.  \ndIow  gri-cn  and  covered 
above  by  soft  uliile  hairs  and  pale  and  slightly  villose  along  the 
midribs  and  veins  below,  ruid  al  maliuily  thin  bul   firm  in  texture. 


REPORT    OF    Till':    STATE    ilOTANlST    I907  69 

yelluw-grcen,  sniooth  and  glabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  still  slightly 
hairy  along  the  slender  yellow  midribs  and  primary  veins  on  the 
lower  surface,  5-6  cm  long  and  4-5  cm  wide;  petioles  slender, 
slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  hairy  along  the  upper  side  when 
young,  becoming  nearly  glabrous,  glandular,  with  minute  persistent 
glands,  1.5-2.5  cm  in  length;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  rounded  or 
slightly  cordate  at  the  base,  long-pointed,  more  coarsely  serrate, 
deeply  aivided  into  spreading  or  incurved  lateral  lobes,  and  6-7  cm 
long  and  broad.  Flowers  2  cm  in  diameter,  on  long  slender  slightly 
hairy  pedicels,  in  broad  rather  compact  mostly  io-15-fiowered 
corymbs ;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  glabrous,  the  lobes  slender, 
acuminate,  finely  glantlular  serrate  below  the  middle,  glabrous  on 
the  outer,  pubescent  on  the  inner  surface,  reflexed  after  anthesis; 
stamens  10;  anthers  pink;  styles  2-4.  Fruit  ripening  early  in 
September,  on  glabrous  reddish  pedicels,  in  drooping  many-fruited 
clusters,  obovate  and  rounded  at  the  apex,  gradually  narrowed  at 
the  base,  scarlet,  lustrous,  marked  by  many  small  pale  dots,  1.2-1.3 
cm  long  and  i-i.i  cm  in  diameter;  calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a  wide 
shallow  cavity,  and  spreading  often  persistent  lobes  dark  red  on  the 
upper  side  below  the  middle  and  slightly  hairy  above ;  flesh  thick, 
yellow,  sweet  and  juicy;  nutlets  2-4,  narrowed  and  rounded  at  the 
ends,  or  acute  at  the  apex,  prominently  and  irregularly  ridged  on 
the  back,  with  a  broad  deeply  grooved  ridge  or  rounded  and  slightly 
grooved  on  the  back,  7-8  mm  long,  and  5-6  mm  wide. 

A  tree  8-10  m  high,  with  a  trunk  often  3  dm  in  diameter,  spread- 
ing and  ascending  branches  forming  a  broad  round-topped  sym- 
metrical head,  and  slender  glabrous  branchlets  orange-green  and 
slightly  tinged  with  red  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  dull  light 
chestnut-brown  and  marked  by  small  pale  lenticels  in  their  first 
season  and  light  gray-brown  and  rather  lustrous  the  following  year. 

Meadows  near  Portage,  Baxter  and  Dewing  (,"5^249),  September 
7,   1904  and  May  29,  1905. 

This  beautiful  tree  is  named  for  the  distinguished  philanthropist, 
William  P.  Letchworth  of  Piuflfalo,  for  a  long  time  chairman  of  the 
State  Board  of  Charities  of  New  York,  on  whose  farm  at  Portage 
I  saw  it  in  the  autumn  of  1904. 

Crataegus  pedicellata  Sargent 
Bot.  Gazette,  XXXI.  jj6  (igoi);  .Silva  N.  Am.  X[IT,  101,  t.  (^T] ;  Rochestcr 
Acad.   Sci.   Proc.   IV.    116;   Man.  448,   f.   365. 

BuiYalo,  J.  Dunbar,  September  26,  1905,  May  28,  1906 ;  abundant 
through  Monroe  and  Ontario  counties,  New  York. 


yo  NEW   YORK   STATE    MUSEUM 

Crataegus  gloriosa  ii.  sp. 

Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  gradually  narrowed  and  rounded  or 
abruptly  concave-cuneate  at  the  entire  base,  coarsely  doubly  serraic 
above,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  slightly  divided  into  4  or  5 
pairs  of  stout  acuminate  spreading  lateral  lobes;  more  than  halt 
grown  when  the  flowers  open  from  the  20th  to  the  end  of  May  and 
then  yellow-green  and  roughened  above  by  short  white  hairs  an;! 
paler  and  slightly  hairy  along  the  midribs  and  primary  veins  below, 
and  at  maturity  thin,  slightly  convex,  dark  green  and  scabrate  on 
the  upper  surface,  pale  yellow-green  and  often  still  slightly  hairy 
on  the  thin  yellow  midribs  and  primary  veins  below,  6-8  cm  long 
and  5-7  cm  wide;  petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the 
apex,  sparingly  villose  on  the  upper  side  while  young,  often  becom- 
ing glabrous,  occasionally  glandular,  3-4  cm  in  length ;  leaves  on 
vigorous  shoots  thicker,  rounded  or  abruptly  cuneate  at  the  base, 
more  coarsely  serrate  and  more  deeply  lobed,  often  10-12  cm  long 
and  9-10  cm  wide,  with  prominent  midribs  and  veins,  and  stout 
glandular  petioles.  Flowers  2.2-2.4  cm  in  diameter,  on  long  slender 
slightly  villose  pedicels,  in  wide  erect  or  spreading  io-15-flowered 
corymbs,  with  oblong-obovate  to  linear  glandular  rose  colored  bracts 
and  bractlets  often  persistent  until  the  flowers  open ;  calyx-tube 
narrowly  obconic,  glabrous,  tinged  with  red,  the  lobes  abruptly 
narrowed  from  broad  bases,  large,  acuminate,  coarsely  glandular 
serrate,  glabrous  on  the  outer,  slightly  villose  on  the  inner  surface, 
reflexcd  after  anthesis;  claws  of  the  petals  concave  and  forming 
conspicuous  cavities;  stamens  7-10;  anthers  light  pink;  styles  3-5, 
surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  wide  ring  of  long  white  hairs.  l""ruit 
ripening  the  middle  of  September,  on  stout  slightly  hairy  redilish 
pedicels,  in  few- fruited  erect  or  spreading  clusters,  short-oblong, 
broad  and  truncate  at  the  apex,  sometimes  slightly  narrowed  below 
and  then  often  unsymmctrical  at  the  base  by  the  development  of  a 
mammillate  process  adnate  to  the  pedicel,  deep  crimson,  very  lus- 
trous, marked  by  large  pale  dots,  1.8-2.2  cm  long  and  1.5-1.8  cm  in 
diamcteo-;  calyx  prominent,  with  a  broad  deep  cavity,  and  creel  and 
incurved  ])ersistent  lobes;  llesh  thick,  yellow,  sweet,  very  juicy,  of 
excellent  flavor;  nutlets  3-5,  acute  al  llu-  ap^x.  roumled  and  slightly 
ridged  (^n  the  back.  6  7  mm  long,  and  3  4  mm  wide 

A  tree  often  8  <)  in  lMi;b.  with  a  tall  trunk  coviTcd  w  ith  pale  cl<tsc 
bark,  and  sometimes  3  dm  in  diameter,  spreading  and  ascending 
branches    fc^rniiiig   a    broad    .synnnelrical    roinid-topped    head,    and 


REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  BOTANIST  IQO/  7I 

slender  slightly  zigzag  glabrous  branchlets  dark  orange  color  and 
marked  by  numerous  pale  lenticels  when  they  first  appear,  becom- 
ing liglit  reddish  brown  and  lustrous  in  their  first  season  and  pale 
orange-brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  few  stout  straight 
or  slightly  curved  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  3-3.5  cm  long. 

Clay  soil  near  the  borders  of  woods,  Rochester,  J.  Dunbar  (  .-^  L, 
type),  May  31,  1901,  J.  Dunbar  and  C.  S.  Sargent,  September  27, 
1901,  September  19  1902;  Rochester  (Knickerbocker  woods),. 
Baxter  and  Dewing  (*'304),  ]\Iay  21  and  September  25,  1905. 

Formerly  referred  to  Crataegus  p  e  d  i  c  e  1 1  a  t  a  Sargent,  the 
"  L  "  tree  of  Rochester  is  distinct  from  that  species  in  its  larger 
flowers  peculiar  in  the  development  of  sacklike  cavities  at  the  base 
of  the  petals,  by  its  pirk  not  dark  rose  colored  anthers,  by  the  much 
larger  and  more  lustrous  fruit  usually  mammillate  at  the  base  and 
ripened  10  to  12  days  earlier,  and  by  its  convex  leaves.  In  habit, 
in  its  large  and  abundant  flowers,  and  in  the  large  and  bril- 
liant abundant  fruits,  C.  g  1  o  r  i  o  s  a  is  not  surpassed  in  beauty 
by  any  North  American  Crataegus. 

Crataegus   sejuncta    Sargent 
N.  Y.  State  Mus.  Bui.  105.    62  (1906). 
Buflfalo,  J.  Dunbar  (#34),  May  28  and  September  30,  1905 ;  also 
near  Albany,  New  York,  and  in  western  New  England. 

Crataegus  holmesiana  Ashe 

Jour.  Elisha  Mitchell  Sci.  Soc.  XVT.  pt  11.  78  (1899).  Sargent,  Bot. 
Gazette  XXXI.  to;  Silva  N.  Am.  XIII.  119,  t.  676;  Rochester  Acad. 
Sci.   P.roc.   IV.   114;   Man.  449,   f.   366. 

Buffalo.  J.  Dunbar  (#35),  September  30,  1904,  May  28,  1905; 
also  near  Rochester,  New  York  and  eastward  to  eastern  Massa- 
chusetts and  eastern  Pennsylvania. 

Crataegus  acclivis  Sargent 
Rochester  .Vcad.  Sci.  Proc.  IV.  115  C1903);  Man.  459,  f.  367. 

Niagara  Falls,  J.  Dunbar,  September  28,  1905,  May  28,  1906; 
also  near  Rochester  and  Albany,  New  York. 

VII      DIL,.\TATAE 

iM-uit  melium  size,  subglobose,  scarlet;  calyx  much  enlarge:!; 
nutlets  5,  prominently  ridged  on  the  back;  corymbs  many-flowered; 
stamens  20 ;  anthers  rose  color ;  leaves  thin,  on  vigorous  shoots  as 
broad  or  broader  than  long. 


72  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Crataegus  durobrivensis  Sargent 

Trees  and  Slirubs   r.  3,  t.  2   (1902);   Rochester  Acad.  Sci.  Proc.  IV.   114. 
Sargent  and  Peck,  N.  Y.  State  Mus.  Bui.  105.     64  (1906). 

Niagara  Falls,  J.  Dunbar,  September  28,  1905 ;  near  Hemlock 
lake,  Livingston  co.,  Henry  T.  Brown,  May  and  October  1906;  also 
near  Rocbester  and  Albany,  New  York. 

VIII      COCCINEAE 

Leaves  ciuieale  at  tbe  l)asc,  subcoriaceous  or  thin  dark  green  and 
lustrous  alxive;  fruit  subglobose,  9-15  mm  in  diameter. 

Siamens  5-10 

Anthers  pale  yellow 

Leaves    subcoriaceous;    fruit     1.2-1.5  cm  in  diameter 

I     C.  cocci nea 

Leaves    thin;    fruit    usually    less    than    i    cm    in    tlianioter     

2     C  .  d  o  d  g  0  i 

Anthers  rose  color 

Leaves  thin;  fruit   1-1.3  cm  in    diameter 3     C.  pubcris 

Stamens,  20;   anthers  pink;  leaves  thin;  ovate  to  oval  or  rlioniliic 

4     C.  n  e  o-b  a  xt  c  r  i 

Crataegus  coccinea  Linneus 

Spec.    I.    476    (1753).     Sargent,    Dot.    Gazette    XXXI.    74;    Silva    N.    Am. 
XIII.    133,  t.  683;   Man.  459,  f.  375. 

P.uffalo,  J.  Dunbar  (#40),  May  31.  June  12  and  September  26, 
1905  ;  also  on  the  New  England  coast  and  in  the  valley  of  tbe  St 
Lawrence  river. 

Crataegus  coccinea  var.  rotundifolia  Sargent 

P.ot.   nazclle  X.XXI.    14    (1000);   Silva   X.   Am.   XIII.    13^;    Man.  4^10;   Aca<I. 
Sci.   Phila.   Proc.   IV.  r.3f. 

iWiffalo,  J.  Diud)ar  (.^iv),  Sei)tember  25.  Ujoi  ;  ("^,^3),  Septem- 
ber 30,  1904  and  May  28,  i<x)5;  also  connnon  from  C'anada  to  east- 
ern  Pennsylvania. 

Crataegus  dodgei  .\slie 
J. Mir.  h:ii>lia  Milchell  Sci.  Soc.  XIX.  _'()  (March  1903).  Sargent.  Acad. 
Sri.  Phila.  Proc.  (^.W  (1905);  Rliodora  VII.  213  (Crataegus 
gravesii  Sargent.  Rliodora  V.  !5<i  (Juiu'  1003)).  (  C  r  a  t  .a  e  g  u  s 
fallens  Criilier,  I'.ucks  County  Nat.  Sci.  Club.  Proc.  i.  19 
(Oct-.l.er    l'Xi3)  )• 

I'.uffalo.  j.  Diinb.ar  ( "^  P.).  September  25,  k^oi.  May  26  and  Octo- 
ber <K  i«)02.  (  -^  12);  SeptiMitber  20,  H^o^  and  June  1,  iu()4;  also 
from  .s(.utliern  M  ielii!.;;ui  to  eastern  .Massacbusetts  and  eastern 
Pennsylvania, 


RKI'ORT    01"    TIIK    STATE    BOTANIST    I907  'J}^ 

Crataegus  puberis  n.  sp. 

Leaves  rhombic  to  obovate,  acuminate,  gradually  narrowed  and 
concave-cuncate  at  the  long  entire  base,  finely  doubly  serrate  above, 
with  straight  or  incurved  glandular  teeth  and  slightly  divided  above 
die  middle  into  4  or  5  pairs  of  small  acuminate  lobes;  more  than 
half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  from  the  2olh  to  the  25th  of  May 
and  then  thin,  dark  yellow-green  and  covered  above  by  soft  white 
hairs  and  paler  and  villosc  below,  and  at  maturity  thin  and  firm  in 
texture,  dark  green  and  glabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  light  yellow- 
green  and  nearly  glabrous  on  the  lower  surface,  4.5-5.5  cm  long  and 
3-4.5  cm  wide,  with  slender  slightly  villosc  yellow  midribs  and 
veins ;  petioles  slender,  broadly  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  hairy 
on  the  upper  side,  1.5-3  cm  in  length.  Flowers  1.2-1.3  cm  in  diam- 
eter, on  slender  densely  villose  pedicels,  in  compact  5-10-flowered 
corymbs,  with  linear  glandular  bracts  and  bractlets  fading  brown 
and  often  persistent  until  the  flowers  open ;  calyx-tube  narrowly 
obconic,  thickly  coated  with  long  matted  pale  hairs,  the  lobes  slender, 
acuminate,  obscurely  glandular  serrate,  glabrous  on  the  outer, 
sparingly  villose  on  the  inner  surface,  reflexed  after  anthesis ; 
stamens  '^-y  \  anthers  dark  rose  color;  styles  3  or  4,  surrounded  at 
the  l)asc  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  tomentum.  Fruit  ripening  about 
the  middle  of  October,  on  slender  slightly  villose  erect  pedicels,  in 
few-fruited  clusters,  short-oblong,  full  and  rounded  at  the  apex, 
slightly  narrowed  below,  orange-red,  lustrous,  marked  by  pale  dots, 
1-1.3  cm  long  and  9-10  mm  in  diameter;  calyx  little  enlarged,  with 
a  wide  shallow  cavity,  and  spreading  and  erect  or  recurved  lobes 
flark  red  on  the  upper  side  below  the  middle ;  nutlets  3  or  4,  rounded 
at  the  ends,  rounded  and  only  slightly  grooved  on  the  back,  (y-J  mm 
long,  and  4-5  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  sometimes  6-7  m  high,  with  numerous  stout  gnarled 
stems  covered  with  scaly  bark,  spreading  and  ascending  branches, 
and  slender  nearly  straight  branchlets  dark  green  and  coated  with 
matted  white  hairs  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  light  orange 
color  and  glabrous  during  their  first  season  and  dull  gray-brown  the 
following  year,  and  armed  with  occasional  very  slender  nearly 
straight  orange  colored  ultimately  gray-brown  spines  1-1.5  cm  in 
length. 

Borders  of  swamps  and  river  bottoms  in  rich  alluvial  soil,  near 
Belfast.  Allegany  co  ,  Baxter  and  Dewing  (,»'220,  type).  May  24, 
September  17  and  October  17,  1903. 


74  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Crataegus  neo-baxteri  n.  sp. 

Leaves  ovate  to  oval  or  rhombic,  acuminate,  cuneate  and  often 
unsymmetrical  at  the  entire  base,  finely  serrate  above,  with  straight 
or  incurved  glandular  teeth,  and  slightly  divided  above  the  middle 
into  4  or  5  pairs  of  small  acuminate  lateral  lobes ;  nearly  fully  grown 
when  the  flowers  open  at  the  end  of  May  and  then  thin,  yellow- 
green,  smooth  and  glabrous  with  the  exception  of  a  few  hairs  along 
the  upper  side  of  the  midribs,  and  at  maturity  thin  but  firm  in  tex- 
ture, yellow-green,  glabrous,  4-4.5  cm  long  and  2-3.5  c""*  ^vide,  with 
slender  orange  colored  midribs  and  primary  veins ;  petioles  very 
slender,  slightly  wing-margined  and  sometimes  minutely  glandular 
at  the  apex,  sparingly  hairy  along  the  upper  side  while  young,  be- 
coming nearly  glabrous,  2-2.5  cm  in  length.  Flowers  1.8-2  cm  in 
diameter,  on  very  long  slender  glabrous  pedicels,  in  wide  lax  7-10- 
flowered  corymbs,  with  linear  glandular  caducous  bracts  and  bract- 
lets,  fading  brown ;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  glabrous,  the  lobes 
slender,  acuminate,  entire  or  occasionally  obscurely  dentate,  glabrous, 
reflexed  after  anthesis ;  stamens  20,  filaments  persistent  on  the  ripe 
fruit ;  anthers  pink ;  styles  2  or  3,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow 
ring  of  pale  hairs.  PVuit  ripening  the  end  of  September,  on  long 
very  slender  spreading  reddish  pedicels,  in  few- fruited  clusters, 
short-oblong,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  rich  deep  red  marked 
by  large  pale  dots  and  covered  by  a  thick  glaucous  bloom,  1-1.3  cm 
long  and  nearly  as  broad ;  calyx  Tittle  enlarged,  with  a  wide  deep 
cavity,  and  spreading  and  recurved  lobes  often  deciduous  from  the 
ripe  fruit  ;  flesh  thin,  yellow,  dry  and  mealy  :  nutlets  3  or  4,  gradually 
narrowf.d  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  slightly  ridged  on  the  back,  6-7 
mm  long,  and  about  4  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  6-7  m  high,  with  thin  stems,  spreading  branches  forming 
a  broad  symmetrical  head,  and  slentjer  glal)rous  branchlets  light 
orange  cf)lor  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  light  chestnut-brown 
and  lustrous  in  their  first  season  and  light  gray -brown  the  following 
year,  and  armed  with  slcndir  nearly  .slrai,i;Iil  red  bn.wn  spines  2-3 
cm  long. 

Clay  banks  near  'Puscarora,  Livingston  co..  liaxler  and  Dewing 
(*'25i,  tyj)e),  May  30  and  September  23,  Kp5- 

With  this  si)ccics,  dcseribtil  by  il^  discoverers  as  being  "  as  orna- 
mental a  species^  as  we  know  in  the  genus,"  T  am  t^lad  tn  associate 
the  name  r)f  Mr  M.  S.  I'axter.  as  the  si)ecies  which  I  named  for  him 
in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Rochester  Academy  of  Science,  volume  4, 
page  107  was  afterward  found  to  have  bceti  described  a  few  months 


REPORT    OF    TH1-:    STATE    HOTANIST    I907  75 

earlier  by  Ashe  under  another  name  from  plants  growing  in  Penn- 
sylvania. 

IX      ANOMALAE 

Fruit  medium  size,  short-oblong,  orange-scarlet;  nutlets  occasion- 
ally furnished  with  obscure  ventral  depressions ;  leaves  usually 
cuneate  at  the  base,  thickish  to  subcoriaceous,  scabrate  above  while 
young;  petioles  slender,  elongated;  flowers  in  many-flowered 
corymbs ;  anthers  rose  color  or  pink. 

Stamens  20;  leaves  ovate  to  oval,  divided  above  the  middle  into  short  broad 

lobes ;  fruit  short-oblong i     C.    brachyloba 

Stamens  10 

J, eaves    ovate    to    oval    or    suborbicular,    often    rounded    at    the    base, 

nearly  smooth  at  maturity;  fruit  subglobose 2     C.    dunbari 

Leaves  oval,  scabrate  above  at  maturity;  fruit  short-oblong 

3     C.     asperifolia 

Stamens  5-15;  leaves  oval  to  obovate,  scabrate  above  at  maturity;  fruit  sub- 
globose 4    C.    scabrida 

Crataegus  brachyloba  n.  sp. 

Leaves  ovate  to  oval,  acuminate,  concave-cuneate  at  the  entire 
base,  finely  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  or  incurved  glandular 
teeth,  and  divided  usually  only  above  the  middle  into  5  or  6  pairs 
of  very  short  acuminate  spreading  lobes;  slightly  tinged  with  red 
when  they  unfold,  roughened  above  by  short  white  hairs  and 
glabrous  below,  more  than  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  during 
the  last  week  of  May  and  then  membranaceous,  yellow-green  and 
scabrate  on  the  upper  surface  and  pale  on  the  lower  surface,  and 
at  maturity  thick  to  subcoriaceous,  dark  blue-green,  smooth  and 
glabrous  above,  pale  below,  5-7  cm  long  and  3.5-5  cm  wide,  with 
slender  yellow  midribs,  and  5  or  6  pairs  of  thin  priinary  veins ; 
petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  glabrous,  gland- 
ular often  through  the  season,  with  minute  scattered  glands,  and 
2-3  cm  in  length ;  stipules  linear,  acuminate,  glandular,  fading 
brown,  caducous ;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  subcoriaceous,  long- 
pointed  and  acuminate  at  the  apex,  gradually  narrowed  and  rounded 
at  the  base,  coarsely  serrate,  with  thick  midribs  and  stout  broadly 
winged  conspicuously  glandular  rose  colored  petioles.  Flowers  1.5 
cm  in  diameter,  on  slender  glabrous  pedicels,  in  wide  mostly 
8-i2-flowered  corymbs,  their  lower  peduncles  from  the  axils  of 
upper  leaves ;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  glabrous,  the  lobes  grad- 
ually narrowed  from  wide  bases,  entire,  red  and  glandular  at  the 
acuminate  apex,  reflexed  after  anthesis;  stamens  20,  filaments  often 


yG  NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

persistent  on  the  ripe  fruit ;  anthers  pink ;  styles  3-5,  surrounded  at 
the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  tomentum.  Pruit  ripening  at  the 
end  of  September,  on  slender  reddish  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  erect 
clusters,  short-oblong  to  obovate,  orange-red,  lustrous,  marked  by 
large  pale  lenticels,  about  i  cm  long  and  8-10  mm  wide;  calyx  little 
enlarged,  with  a  narrow  deep  cavity,  and  closely  appressed  lobes 
dark  red  on  the  upper  side  below  the  middle;  flesh  thin,  yellow- 
green,  dry  and  mealy;  nutlets  usually  4,  narrowed  and  acute  at  the 
ends  or  rounded  at  the  base,  rounded  or  ridged  on  the  l);ick.  with  a 
low  broad  ridge,  light  colored,  7-8  mm  long,  and  about  4  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  4-5  m  high,  with  crowded  slender  fastigiate  light  gray 
branches,  the  lower  spreading,  the  u])per  ascending,  and  stout 
only  slightly  zigzag  glabrous  branchlets  light  orange-green  when 
they  first  appear,  becoming  dull  olive-brown  and  marked  by  small 
dark  lenticels  in  their  first  season  and  dull  gray-brown  the  following 
year,  and  armed  with  few  stout  nearly  straight  dull  dark  chestnut- 
brown  spines  2.5-3  ^ni  in  length. 

Bufifalo,  J.  Dunbar  ( "^  41.  type),  May  28,  June  12  and  September 
26,  1905. 

Crataegus  dunbari   SargtiU 
Rochester  Acad.   Sci.   Troc.   IV.   126   (1903). 

Bufifalo,  J.  Dunbar  ("^43).  September  26,  1905,  May  28,  1906; 
also  near  Rochester,  New  York. 

Crataegus  asperifolia  .Sargent 

Rhodora  III.  31  (1901).  Sargent  and  Teck,  N.  V.  Slate  Ahis.  P.ul.  105. 
64  (1906). 

Buffalo,  J.  Dunbar  ( '^  13).  Sei)tember  _••;.  i«><>3.  June  1  an<l  Sep- 
tember 20,  1904;  (•^46),  May  28,  i(/)();  (  ^  43),  September  2^), 
1905,  May  28,  1906;  also  near  Albany,  New  York  ami  in  western 
New  Tjigland. 

Crataegus  scabrida  Sargent 

Rhodora  III.  --O  (i<>()i);  Silva  X.  Am.  XIII.  13.^.  t.  C77. 

Belfast,  Allegany  co.,  I'.axter  an.)  Dewing  ('*' Jio),  May  2^)  and 
September  17,  1903,  Septeml)er  13,  i<<(>4.  May  29  and  SeptemlK-r  19, 
1905;  also  in  western  New  luigland. 


Ri:i'ONT  oi-    rill-.  siA'ii-;  uotaxist  1907  'J'J 

2    nutij-:ts  with  longitudinal  cavitils  on  the 
vlntral  faces 

X      TOMKNTOSAE 

]'"ruit  pyrifonn  to  suljglobose  or  short-oblong,  1-1.5  cm  in  diam- 
eter, lustrous,  orange  or  scarlet ;  nutlets  2  or  3,  usually  obtuse  at 
the  ends   and  prominently   ridged  on  the  back. 

Leaves  thin,  with  midribs  and  veins  only  slightly  im^jressed  on 
their  upper  surface;  fruit  obovate  to  short-oblong. 


Stamens  20 

Anthers  yellow i     C  .    s  t  r  u  c  t  11  i  s 

Anthers  pink 2     C  .    f  i  n  i  I  i  m  a 

Stamens  10;  anthers  yellow 3     C.    v  e  n  u  s  t  u  1  a 

Leaves  thick  to  subcoriaceous  or  coriaceous  on  vigorous  shoots, 
with  midribs  and  veins  deeply  impressed  on  their  upper  surface; 
fruit  subglobose  to  short-oblong  or  ovate,  scarlet. 

Stamens  20 
Anthers    pink;    leaves    nearly    glabrous    at    maturity;    pedicels    slender 
Leaves  ovate  to  obovate;   flowers    1-1.2  cm    in  diameter,   on   slightly 

villosc  pedicels 4     C  .    s  u  c  c  u  I  c  n  t  a 

Leaves    oblong-ovate    to    oval,      1.6-1.8   cm   in    diameter,   on    densely 

villose  pedicels 5     C  .    a  d  m  i  r  a  n  d  a 

Amhers  rose  color;  leaves  rhombic  to  oval  or  ovate,  pubescent  below 

at    maturity;    flowers    on    stout   densely    villose    pedicels 

6     C.      c  a  1  V  i  n  i 

Stamens    10;   anthers  yellow 

Leaves  rhombic  to  oval  or  obovate;  flowers  on  short  pedicels,  in 
compact  corymbs;  caly.\-lf:bcs  densely  vdlosc  (w  the  inner  surface; 
fruit  at  least   T.2  cm  in  diameter,  in   drooping  chisters;   spines   stout, 

nearly    straigiit     7     C.    fcrcntaria 

Leaves  broadly  obovate  to  elliptic;  flowers  en  long  slender  pedicels, 
in  wide  corymbs;  calyx-lobes  only  slightly  villcse  on  the  inner  sur- 
face; fruit  only  7-8  nmi  in  diameter,  in  erect  clusters;  spines  long, 
slender,    usually    curved 8     C  .    m  a  c  r  a  c  a  n  1  h  a 


Crataegus  structilis  Ashe 

Jour.  Elisha  Mitchell   Sci.   Soc.   XIX.   12   (1903).     Grubcr,   Bucks   County 
(Penn.)    Nal.    Sci.    Thib    I'n.e     1.    3.      Sar-.m.    Arad.    Sei.    Phila.    I'roc.    (r^U 

(1905). 

Seneca  park,  Rochester,  1>.  IL  Slavin,  1906;  also  in  eastern  Penn- 
sylvania and  in  Ontario  and  southern  Michigan. 


7o  KEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Crataegus  finitima  n.  sp. 

Leaves  rhombic  to  oblong-ovale,  acuminate  and  long-pointed 
at  the  apex,  gradually  narrowed  and  concave-cuneate  at  the  acumi- 
nate entire  base,  sharply  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  glan- 
dular teeth,  and  divided  above  the  middle  into  4  or  5  pairs  of  small 
acuminate  lobes ;  nearly  fully  grown  when  the  flowers  open  about 
the  20th  of  May  and  then  membranaceous,  bright  yellow-green, 
scabrous  and  sparingly  villose  along  the  midribs  above  and  pale  antl 
slightly  villose  below,  and  at  maturity  thin  but  llrm  in  texture,  light 
green,  smooth,  lustrous  and  glabrous  cm  the  upper  surface,  and  pale 
blue-green  and  villose-pubescent  on  the  lower  surface  especially  on 
the  slender  yellow  midribs  and  thin  pale  primary  veins  extending 
very  obliquely  to  the  points  of  the  lobes,  7.5-9  cm  long  and  4.5-5 
cm  wide ;  petioles  slender,  broadly  wing-margined  at  the  apex, 
villose  on  the  upper  side  while  young,  soon  glabrous,  occasionally 
glandular  early  in  the  season,  with  minute  glands,  often  rose  color 
in  the  autumn,  2-3  cm  in  length  ;  stipules  linear,  only  slightly  glamlu- 
lar,  fading  rose  ccjlor,  caducous;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  some- 
times obovate  and  rounded  at  the  apex,  more  coarsely  serrate  and 
8-9  cm  long  and  6-7  cm  wide,  bdovvcrs  1.6  cm  in  diameter,  on 
slender  jiedicels  thickly  covered  with  matted  pale  hairs,  in  wide 
villose  2r>-30-flo\vered  ci)ryml)s.  the  lower  peduncles  from  the  axils 
of  upper  leaves,  their  bracts  and  bractlets  linear,  glandular, 
fading  Ijrown,  caducous;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  covered  with 
long  white  hairs,  the  lobes  long,  slender,  acuminate,  minutely  glandu- 
lar serrate  below  the  middle,  slightly  villose  on  both  surfaces,  re- 
flexed  after  anthcsis;  stamens  20;  anthers  pink;  styles  2  or  3,  sur- 
rounded at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  tomentum.  I'ruit 
ri])eniiig  about  the  flrst  of  October,  on  ^hort  erect  reddish  pe:licels 
in  many- f  lulled  clusters,  sh()rt-ol)long  to  subglobose,  full  and 
rounded  at  the  ends,  orange-red,  lustrous,  marked  by  large  pale 
(i(jts,  abfuit  I  cm  in  diamelt'r ;  cal\\  ])rominenl,  with  a  narrow 
shallow  cavity,  and  elongated  spri'ading  narrow  coarsely  serrate  lobes 
red  towartl  the  base  and  puberulous  on  the  uppir  surface;  llesh 
thick,  yellow,  sweet  and  succulent  ;  nutlets  2  or  3.  broad,  rounded  at 
the  ends,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  K)W  narrow  ridge,  penetrated 
on  the  inner  face  by  broad  deep  cavities,  about  ^>  mm  long,  and  4 
mm  wide 

A  tree  or  arborescent  slirub  (t  7  m  high,  sometimes  with  a  trunk 
2-2.5  *''^^  ''^  diameter  and  2  m  long  covered  w  illi  dark  bark  divided 
into    narrow    ridges,    large   sjjreading   branches,   and    stout    slightly 


RKI'OKT    OF    THE    STATE    BOTANIST    I907  79 

zii^^zag  glabrous  hranclics  light  orangc-grccn  when  they  first  appear, 
becoming  bright  chestnut-brown,  very  lustrous  and  marked  by 
oblong  pale  lenticels  in  their  first  season  and  dull  red-brown  the 
following  year,  and  armed  with  many  stout  slightly  curved  chest- 
nut-brown or  purplish  shining  spines  6-8  cm  long  and  often  point- 
ing toward  the  base  of  the  branch,  persistent  and  branched  on 
old  stems. 

Niagara  Falls,  C.  S.  Sargent  (  ;^  6,  type),  September  19,  1901, 
J.  Dunbar,  May  22,  1903,  September  29,  1904,  May  28,  1906. 

Crataegus  venustula  n.  sp. 

Leaves  obloi^g-ovate,  acuminate,  sharply  or  abruptly  concave- 
cuneate  at  the  entire  base,  coarsely  doubly  serrate  above,  with 
straight  glandular  teeth,  and  divided  into  5  or  6  pairs  of  small  acu- 
minate spreading  lateral  lobes ;  nearly  fully  grown  when  the  flowers 
open  during  the  last  week  of  May  and  then  membranaceous,  dark 
yellow-green  and  roughened  above  by  short  white  hairs,  and  pale 
and  slightly  villose  along  the  midribs  below,  and  at  maturity  thin  but 
firm  in  texture,  dark  green,  smooth  and  lustrous  on  the  upper  sur- 
face, pale  yellow-green  on  the  lower  surface,  5-7  cm  long  and  3.5-4.5 
cm  wide,  with  slender  dark  yellow  midribs,  and  thin  primary  veins 
arching  obliquely  to  the  points  of  the  lobes ;  petioles  slender,  wing- 
margined  at  the  apex,  sparingly  glandular  while  young,  villose  on 
the  upper  side  early  in  the  season,  soon  glabrous,  2-2.5  cm  in  length ; 
leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  broadly  ovate  to  oval,  mostly  rounded  at 
the  base  and  often  8-9  cm  long  and  7-8  cm  wide,  with  stout  broadly 
winged  glandular  petioles.  Flowers  on  slender  glabrous  pedicels,  in 
wide  usually  15-20-flowered  thin-branched  corymbs;  calyx-tube 
narrowly  obconic,  glabrous,  the  lobes  long,  slender,  acuminate, 
coarsely  glandular  serrate,  glabrous  on  the  outer,  villose  on  the  inner 
surface,  reflexed  after  anthesis ;  stamens  10;  anthers  pale  yellow; 
styles  2  or  3,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  white 
tomentum.  Fruit  ripening  early  in  October,  on  stout  erect  red 
pedicels,  in  drooping  many-fruited  clusters,  subglobose,  often 
slightly  broader  than  high,  crimson,  lustrous,  marked  by  large  pale 
dots,  about  i  cm  in  diameter ;  calyx  prominent,  with  a  broad  deep 
cavity,  and  long  closely  appressed  coarsely  serrate  persistent  lobes 
villose  on  the  upper  side  and  red  toward  the  base;  flesh  thick, 
yellow,  sweet  and  succulent ;  nutlets  2  or  3,  broad  and  rounded  at 
the  ends,  rounded  and  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  broad  low 
grooved  ridge,  penetrated  on  the  inner  faces  by  deep  cavities,  6-7 
mm  long,  and  about  4  mm  wide. 


8o  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

A  shrub  3-4  m  liigh,  with  slender  erect  stems  covered  with  dark 
scaly  bark,  small  erect  branches,  and  thin  nearly  straight  branchlets 
light  olive-green  and  lustrous  in  their  first  season  and  dull  gray- 
brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  stout  straight  or  slightly 
curved  light  chestnut- brown  shining  spines  3-3.5  cm  in  length. 

Niagara  Falls,  J.  Dunbar  ( ;^' 14,  type),  June  i.  1904,  ]\Iay  28, 
1906,  J.  Dunbar  and  C.  S.  Sargent.  September  16,  1904. 

Crataegus  succulenta  Link 

Handbodk  11.76  (1831).  Sargent,  Silva  N.  Am.  XIIT.  139,  t.  131; 
Rochester  Acad.  Sci.  Proc.  IV.  133;  Man.  497.  f.  411;  Acad.  Sci.  Phila. 
Proc.  675  (1905).     Sargent  &  Peck,  N.  Y.  State  i\his.  Bill.  105.     72  (1906). 

Bufifalo,  J.  Dunbar  (#21),  September  29,  1903.  September  20, 
1904,  June  12,  1905;  Niagara  Falls,  J.  Dunbar  (,*^  29),  June  12  and 
September  2^,  1905,  J.  Dunbar  (#7),  May  22  and  September  29, 
1903 ;  also  eastern  New  York  to  southern  New  England  and 
Michigan. 

Crataegus  admiranda  w.  sp. 

Leaves  nblong-oliovate  to  oval,  acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex, 
concave-cuneatc  and  gradually  narrowed  to  the  limg  entire  base, 
finely  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  glandular  Uctli,  and  very 
slightly  divided  above  tlic  middle  into  4  or  5  pairs  of  sniall  acumi- 
nate s])reading  lobes;  nearly  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open 
during  the  first  week  of  June  and  tlicn  thin,  )cllu\v-green,  lustrous 
and  roughened  above  by  short  w  bile  hairs  and  pale  and  villosc  below 
especially  along  the  midribs  and  wins,  and  at  maturity  dark  yellow- 
green,  lustrous,  smooth  and  glabrous  on  the  upper  stn-face.  pale  and 
almost  glabrous  on  the  lower  surface.  6-8  cm  long  and  4-5  cm  wide, 
with  stout  midribs  often  rose  color  in  the  autumn,  and  slender 
primary  veins  extenrling  oblif|uely  to  the  points  of  the  lobes;  petioles 
slender,  slightly  wing-margined  sometimes  to  the  middle,  villosc  on 
the  up])er  side  while  ymmg.  becoming  almost  glabrous,  usually  rose 
cftlor  in  the  autumn,  i. 5-1.8  cm  in  length;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots 
subcoriaceous.  broadly  ovate  to  oval,  gradually  narrowed  and 
rounded  at  the  b:;sc,  more  coarsely  serrate,  often  7-8  cm  long  and 
6-7  cm  wide.  Mowers  \  .(^  1.8  cm  in  diameter,  on  long  slender 
pedicels  coaled  with  matted  pale  hairs,  in  wide  usually  t8-20- 
flowered  hairy  corymbs,  the  lower  pi'duncles  from  the  axils  of  upi)er 
leaves;  calvx  lube  narrowK-  obconic,  di-nsely  villosc.  the  lobes  slen- 
der, acuminate.  c<iar'-ely  glandular  serrate,  villosc  on  the  outer, 
slightly  villosc  on  the  inner  surface,  rcflcxed  after  niUliCsjs;  stamens 


KEPOKT  OF  THE  STATK  BOTANISI  I907  81 

20;  anthers  pale  pink;  styles  2  or  3.  Fruit  ripening  early  in 
October,  on  stout  villose  erect  or  spreading  reddish  pedicels,  in  few- 
fruited  clusters,  subglobose  to  short-oblong  or  ovate,  bright  cherry- 
red,  lustrous,  marked  by  pale  dots,  1.2-1.4  cm  in  diameter;  calyx 
little  enlarged,  with  a  deep  narrow  cavity,  and  spreading  and  ap- 
presscd  lobes  often  deciduous  from  the  ripe  fruit;  flesh  yellow, 
soft  and  succulent ;  nutlets  2  or  3,  gradually  narrowed  and  rounded 
at  the  ends,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  broad  slightly  grooved  ridge, 
penetrated  on  the  inner  surface  by  large  shallow  cavities,  7-8  mm 
long,  and  5-6  mm  wide. 

An  arborescent  shrub  3-4  m  high,  with  stems  covered  with  dark 
gray  bar,  spreading  branches  forming  a  round-topped  open  head, 
and  stout  nearly  straight  branchlets,  light  orange-green,  slightly 
hairy  and  marked  by  large  lenticels  when  they  first  appear,  becom- 
ing light  red-brown  and  lustrous  in  their  first  season  and  dull  dark 
reddish  brown  the  following  year  and  armed  with  stout  nearly 
straight  chestnut-brov/n  or  purplish  shining  spines  5-6  cm  long, 
becoming  branched  and  very  abundant  on  old  stems. 

Niagara  Falls,  J.  Dunbar  ("^''2),  October  7,  1902,  June  7  and 
September  18,  1906. 

Crataegus  calvini  n.  sp. 

Leaves  rhombic  to  oval  or  ovate,  acuminate  or  acute  at  the  apex, 
gradually  narrowed  and  concave-cuncatc  or  rounded  at  the  entire 
base,  coarsely  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  glandular  teeth, 
and  very  slightly  divi':!ed  above  the  middle  into  4  or  5  pairs  of  small 
acuminate  lobes;  more  than  half  grown  wdien  the  flowers  open 
about  the  first  of  June  and  then  thin,  yellow-green  and  slightly 
roughened  above  by  short  white  hairs  and  pale  and  pubescent  be- 
low, and  at  maturity  subcoriaceous,  dark  green,  smooth,  glabrous 
and  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface,  paler  and  pubescent  on  the  lower 
surface  principally  on  the  stout  rose  colored  midribs  and  slender 
primary  veins  extending  obliquely  to  the  points  of  the  lobes,  5-7  cm 
long  and  4-5  cm  wide ;  petioles  stout,  narrowly  wing-margined 
sometimes  to  the  middle,  villose-pubescent  on  the  upper  side  while 
young,  becoming  glabrous,  rose  colored  in  the  autumn,  1-1.5  cm 
in  length ;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  broadly  ovate  to  oval  or  rarely 
obovate,  short-pointed  and  acute  at  the  apex,  more  coarsely  serrate, 
often  9-10  cm  long  and  7-8  cm  wide.  Flowers  1.2-1.5  cm  in 
diameter,  on  short  stout  densely  villose  pubescent  pedicels,  in 
broad  many-flowered  thick-branched  hairy  corymbs,  with  foliaceous 


82  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

oblong-obovatc  acuminate  glandular  serrate  bracts  and  bractlets 
fading  brown  and  persistent  until  the  flowers  open,  the  long  lower 
peduncles  from  the  axils  of  upper  leaves;  calyx-tube  narrowly 
(,)bconic,  thickly  coated  with  matted  pale  hairs,  the  lobes 
abruptly  narrowed  from  broad  bases,  wide,  acuminate,  lacini- 
ately  glandular  serrate,  sparingly  hairy  toward  the  base  on  the 
outer  surface,  slightly  villose  on  the  inner  surface,  rellcxcd  after 
anthesis;  stamens  20;  filaments  often  iicrsistent  on  the  ripe  fruit; 
anthers  light  rose  color ;  styles  2,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  broad 
ring  of  tomentum.  Fruit  ripening  late  in  September,  on  slender 
reddish  hairy  pedicels,  in  wide  lax  many-fruited  drooping  clusters, 
oval  to  ovate,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  scarlet,  lustrous,  marked 
by  large  pale  dots ;  calyx  prominent,  with  a  wide  deep  cavity,  and 
closely  appressed  persistent  lobes  dark  red  above  at  the  base  and 
villose  on  the  upper  surface;  flesh  thin,  yellow,  sweet  and  succulent; 
nutletfi  2,  full  and  rounded  at  the  base,  narrow  and  rounded  at  the 
apex,  slightly  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  narrow  grooved  ridge, 
deeply  penetrated  on  the  inner  face  l)y  lung  wide  cavities,  about 
7  mm  long,  and  4  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  2.5-3  'i""  ''■'J^''''  ^^'i^''  numerous  stems  covered  with  dark 
gray  bark,  spreading  branches,  stout  zigzag  glabrous  branchlets 
light  yellow-green  when  they  first  ai)pear,  becoming  bright  chestnut- 
brown,  very  lustrous  and  marked  by  large  pale  lenticels  in  their 
first  season  and  dull  red-brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with 
nearly  straight  stout  or  slender  i)urplish  shining  spines  3-4  cm 
long. 

Rich  alluvial  soil,  near  Canandaigua,  Ontario  co.,  C.  C.  Laney 
(,»  A.  type),  October  14,  1901,  C.  S.  Sargent,  October  i,  1902, 
M.  S.  liaxter.  May  30  and  September  20,  1903. 

This  handsome  species  is  named  for  Mr  Calvin  Cook  Laney, 
superintendent  of  the  parks  of  the  city  of  Rochester,  New  York, 
a  keen  and  enthusiastic  student  of  Crataegus,  by  whom  it  was  first 
noticed  in   1901. 

Crataegus  ferentaria  Sargent 

Rnclicstcr    .^ca^l.    .Sci.    Proc.    IV.    1.35     C'^oi);   l<li(-(Iorri    VII.    184. 

r.ufl'alo,  [.  Dinibar  ( -^  15),  June  i,  i(>o4,  May  28  and  June 
12,  1905;  also  near  Kochester  and  I'tica,  New  ^'ork  and  eastward 
to  New   England. 


REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  BOTANIST  I907  83 


Crataegus  macracantha  Kochnc 

Deutsche   Dciulr.  236   (1893).     Sargent,   Silva   N.   Am.   XIII.    147,  t.  689; 

Rochester  Acad.  Sci.  Proc.  IV.  13S;  Man.  501,  f.  415. 
Crataegus    g  1  a  n  d  u  1  o  s  a    macracantha  Lindley,  Bot.  Reg.  XXII. 

t.  1912  (1836). 
Crataegus    cocci  nca    var.    macracantha    Dudley,  Cf)rncll   Univ. 

Bui.  II.  33   (1886). 

Niagara  Falls,  J.  Dunbar  (#28),  June  12  and  September  28, 
1905 ;  also  near  Rochester,  New  York  and  eastward  to  New 
England. 


NOTES  ON  A  COLLECTION  OF  CRATAEGUS  MADE  BY 
MR  G.  D.  CORNELL  IN  THE  NEIGHBORHOOD  OF 
COOPERS  PLAIXS,  STEUBEN  COUNTY,  NEW  YORK. 

BY  C.   S.   SARGENT 
I'l  \(  TATAK 

Crataegus  desueta  n.  sp. 

Leaves  rhombic  to  slightly  obovate,  acuiiiinato  at  the  ends,  finely 
doubly  serrate,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  divided  above  the 
middle  into  5  or  6  i)airs  of  slender  acuminate  spreading  or  recurved 
lobes;  when  they  unfold  tinged  with  red  and  covered  on  the  upper 
surface  with  long  soft  white  hairs,  more  than  half  grown  when 
the  flowers  open  about  the  middle  of  May  and  then  very  thin,  light 
yellow-green  and  nearly  glabrous  above  and  pale  and  glabrous  be- 
low, and  at  maturity  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  dark  yellow-green, 
smocjth,  glabrous  and  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  yellow- 
green  on  the  lower  surface,  5-6  cm  long  and  3-4  cm  wide,  with 
slender  jjrominent  \e11ow  midribs  and  primary  veins;  petioles  slen- 
der, slightly  wing-murginc'l  at  the  apex,  si>aringly  hairy  on  the 
u[)l)er  surface.  1.5-2.5  cm  in  length;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  oval 
to  ol)o\ate.  usually  al)ruplly  ]ong-ix)inted  at  the  apex,  concave- 
cuneate  at  the  base,  more  coarsely  serrate,  more  deeply  lobed  and 
often  6-7  cm  long  and  4.5-5  cm  wide.  Flowers  about  1.5  cm  in 
diameter,  on  slender  slightly  villose  pedicels,  in  lax  mostly  8-10- 
flowereil  corymbs,  the  much  elongated  lower  peduncles  from  the 
axils  of  upper  leaves;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  glabrous,  the 
lobes  long,  sleivler,  acuminate,  entire  or  occasionally  glandular  den- 
late  near  the  base,  glabrous,  rcflcxcd  after  anthcsis;  stamens  10; 
anthers  rose  coLr;  styles  2-4,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow 
ring  of  |)ale  to-nentuni.  l-ruit  ripening  late  in  September,  on  long 
slender  glabrou."  or  slightly  hairy  drooping  pedicels,  in  few- fruited 
clusters,  short-oblong  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  scarlet,  lus- 
trous, marked  by  small  pale  dots,  1-1.2  cm  long,  8-10  mm  in  diam- 
eter; calyx  prominent,  with  a  dcej)  narrow  cavity,  and  nuich  elon- 
gated erect  and  incurved  nearly  entire  persistent  lobes  dark  red  on 
the  ujjiier  side  belf)\v  the  middle;  flesh  thin,  dark  yellow,  dry  and 
mealy;  luitlels  usually  3  or  4.  narrowed  and  acute  at  the  ends  or 
rounded  at  the  apex,  roinnled  and  only  slightly  grcH)veil  on  the 
back,  (^y-S-y  mm  long,  and  4  4.5  mm  wide. 

[84I 


REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  ROTANIST  I907  85 

A  slinil)  not  '.^lorc  than  4  ni  liigli,  with  numerous  small  erect  or 
slightly  spreading  stems  covered  with  dark  gray  bark,  small  ascend- 
ing branches  and  slen('er  nearly  straight  glabrous  branchlets,  dark 
orange-green  and  marked  by  pale  lenticcls  when  they  first  appear, 
becoming  bright  chestnut-brown  in  their  first  season  and  dull  gray- 
brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  slender  nearly  straight 
chestnut-brown  shining  spines  4. 5-5. 5  cm  long,  and  often  persistent 
and  l)ec(»ming  stout  and  dark  gray  on  old  stems. 

I\ich  moist  hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (^'23,  type), 
September  21,  1905,  May  27  and  September  24,  1906,  (#  23A), 
September  23,  1905,  May  17,  1906,  (#  9),  September  17,  1905, 
May  28,  1906. 

niM.\OSAE 

Stamens  20 

Anthers  rose  color  or  pink 

Crataegus  beata  Sargent 
Roclicslcr   Acad.    Sci.    Proc.    IV.   97    (1903). 

llillsi<les,  Coopers  IMains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (#  102),  September 
1906,  June  ]i)oy :  uIm)  vallc}-  of  the  Genesee  river.  New  York. 

Crataegus  arcana  Beadle 

Dill.     I'.ol.    Studies    I.    122  (1902).     Sargent,     Bot.     Gazette     XXXV.     101; 
Acad.    Sci.    Phila.    Proc.    588    (1905). 

Rich  hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (;^28),  September 
30,  1906,  May  25  and  October  28,  1907;  also  Niagara  Falls,  New 
York  and  eastern  Pennsylvania  to  western  North  Carolina. 

Crataegus  pellecta  n.  sp. 

Glabrous  with  the  excei)tion  of  the  hairs  on  the  upper  side  of 
the  young  leaves  and  petioles.  Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  rounded 
or  abruptly  cuneate  at  the  entire  base,  finely  doubly  serrate  above, 
with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  slightly  divided  above  the  middle 
into  3  or  4  pairs  of  small  spreading  acuminate  lobes;  about  half 
grown  when  the  flowers  open  at  the  end  of  May  or  early  in.  June 
and  then  thin,  light  yellow-green  above  and  slightly  hairy  along  the 
upper  side  of  the  midribs  and  paler  below,  and  at  maturity  thin, 
(lull  Ijluish  green,  c^-f)  cm  long  and  3.5-4.5  cm  wide,  with  thin  promi- 
nent midribs  and  primary  veins ;  petioles  slender,  slightly  wing- 
margined  at   the  apex,   sparingly  villose  on  the  upper  side  while 


86  NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

young,  2.5-3  cm  in  length;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  broadly  ovate, 
usually  rounded  at  the  base,  more  deeply  lobed,  and  often  5-6  cm 
long  and  wide.  Flov/ers  2-2.4  cm  in  diameter,  on  long  slender 
pedicels,  in  mostly  4-10-flowered  lax  corymbs,  the  lower  peduncles 
from  the  axils  of  upper  leaves;  calyx-tube  broadly  obconic,  the 
lobes  gradually  narrowed  from  broad  bases,  short,  acuminate,  entire 
or  occasionally  dentate  near  the  middle,  reflexed  after  anthesis; 
stamens  20;  anthers  faintly  tinged  with  pink;  styles  3-5.  Fruit 
ripening  at  the  end  of  October,  on  stout  erect  pedicels,  in  few- 
fruited  clusters,  short- oblong  to  subglobose  or  often  rather  l)roatler 
than  long,  sligh.tly  angled  toward  the  base,  dark  red,  pruinose,  1.2- 
1.4  cm  in  diameter;  calyx  prominent,  with  a  broad  deep  cavity 
tomcntose  in  the  bottom,  and  small  spreading  persistent  lobes; 
flesh  thin,  tinged  with  red,  dry  and  mealy ;  nutlets  3-5,  acute  at  the 
ends  or  rounded  at  the  apex,  rounded  and  slightly  grooved  on  the 
back,  6.5-7  "'"''''  loiife'  ^"'^1  about  5  mm  wii'.c. 

A  shrul)  sometimes  3-4  m  lii^li,  witli  numerous  small  stems, 
ascending  branches,  and  sleiKJer  nearly  straight  l)ranchlcls  dark 
orange-green  tinged  with  red  when  they  tirst  api)ear,  becoming  dark 
chestnut-brown,  luslr(.Mis  and  niarl<c'(l  l)y  small  dark  Icnlicels  in  their 
first  season  and  dull  rrdilisli  l)rii\\ii  llie  following  year,  and  armed 
with  stout  slightly  curved  bright  cheslnul-l)rown  shining  sjiincs  3-4 
cm  long. 

Rich  hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  (1.  1).  C.Miiell  (  -^  86,  type), 
October  20,   1906,  Jimc  8,  1907. 

Crataegus  amoena    .*~^argen( 
l\i<-h    hillsides,   Coopers    Plains,   (1.    D.   Conu'll    {•^'97),   October 
28,   i(j()C\  Jime  5,    1907;    (  -^   3S),  October    i,    itj()5,  June  j.   19''>7; 
(^Saj),   October    28,    ][)or.,   June   8,    \i)uy;   also   at    Niagara    I'alls, 
New  York. 

Crataegus  gracilis   ."^argent 
Rich    hillsides,   Ccjopers    J  Mains,    C.     1).    Cornell     (Si^4o).     May 
26,   1906,  June   1907. 

Crataegus  ramosa   n.   sp. 

Cdabmus  with  the  exception  of  llie  hairs  on  the  yonng  leaves. 
Leaves  oblong-ovatc,  acuminate,  rounded  or  abruptly  cuneate  at 
the  broad  base,  finely  doubly  serrate,  and  dividcfl  into  3  or  4  pairs 
of  short  broad  acuminate  lobes;  when  they  unfold  deeply  tinged 
with  red,  villosc  above  and  furnished  below  with  axilbry  tufts  of 


REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  BOTANIST  I907  87 

short  hairs;  more  than  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  at  the 
end  of  Alay  or  early  in  June  and  then  thin,  yellow -green,  glabrous 
and  paler  below  than  above,  and  at  maturity  thin  but  firm  in  texture, 
dark  yollow-grecn,  smooth  and  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface,  paler 
on  the  lower  surface,  4.5-6  cm  long  and  3.5-5  cm  wide,  with  thin 
midribs  and  primary  veins ;  petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined 
at  the  apex,  conspicuously  glandular  while  young,  with  usually  de- 
ciduous glands,  2-2.5  cm  long;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  subcori- 
acec^us,  ovate,  acuminate,  romided  or  slightly  cordate  at  the  base, 
coarsely  serrate,  deeply  lobcd,  often  7-8  cm  long  and  wide,  with 
stout  broad-winged  coarsely  glandular  petioles,  and  linear  falcate 
glandular  caducous  stipules.  Flowers  2-2.8  cm  in  diameter,  on 
long  slender  pedicels,  in  5-8-flowere(l  compact  corymbs,  with  linear- 
obovate  to  linear  bracts  and  bractlets  fading  brown  and  often  per- 
sistent until  the  flowers  open,  the  long  lower  peduncles  from  the 
axils  of  upper  leaves;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  the  lobes  gradu- 
ally narrow^ed  from  the  base,  long,  slender,  acuminate,  red  and 
glandular  at  the  apex,  entire  or  irregularly  glandular  dentate,  re- 
flexed  after  anthesis ;  stamens  20;  anthers  pink;  styles  3-5,  sur- 
rounded at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  tomentum.  Fruit 
on  long  slender  drooping  red  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  clusters,  ripen- 
ing and  falling  at  the  end  of  October,  short-oblong  to  oval,  full 
and  rounded  at  the  ends,  red,  pruinose,  becoming  lustrous,  marked 
by  large  dots,  1.2-1.3  cm  long,  i-i.i  cm  in  diameter;  calyx  promi- 
nent, with  a  short  tube,  a  wide  deep  cavity,  broad  and  tomentose  in 
the  bottom,  and  small  spreading  persistent  lobes;  flesh  green,  dry 
and  hard  ;  nutlets  3-5,  narrowed  and  acute  at  the  ends  or  rounde  1 
at  the  base,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  high  narrow  slightly  grcx^ve  1 
ridge,  y-J  5  mm  long,  and  4-4.5  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  3  m  high,  with  small  intricately  branched  stems  covered 
with  light  gray  bark,  small  ascending  branches  forming  a  compact 
round-topped  head,  and  stout  straight  or  slightly  zigzag  branchlets 
deeply  tinged  with  red  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  light  chest- 
nut-brown, lustrous  ard  marked  by  numerous  small  dark  lenticels 
in  their  first  season  and  pale  gray-brown  the  following  year,  and 
armed  with  slender  straight  light  chestnut-brown  shining  spines 
3.5-4  cm  long. 

Rich  hillsides.  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (#98,  type),  Octo- 
ber 21,  1906,  June  5,  1907. 
Anthers  yellow 


OO  NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Crataegus  cognata    Sars^cnt 
Rhodura  V.  58  (1903). 

Hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  ( ;«>  6,  43  and  103).  Sep- 
tember and  October  1905,  May  1906;  also  southern  Ontario,  through 
western  New  York  to  western  and  southern  New  England. 

Crataegus  rubro-lutea  n.  sp. 
Glabrous  with  the  c.\ce[)tion  of  the  hairs  on  the  young  leaves. 
Leaves  ovate  to  oval,  acuminate,  rounded  or  cuneatc  at  the  entire 
base,  finely  doubly  serrate  alxjvc,  with  straight  or  incurved  glandular 
teeth,  and  slightly  divided  above  the  middle  into  3  or  4  small  acumi- 
nate spreading  lobes ;  bronze  color  and  roughened  above  by  short 
white  hairs  and  furnished  below  with  axillary  tufts  of  hairs  when 
they  unfold, more  than  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  late  in  May 
or  early  in  June  and  then  thin,  yellow-green,  nearly  glal)r()us  and 
paler  below  than  above,  and  at  maturity  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  tlull 
yellow-green,  smooth  and  glabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  yellow- 
green  on  the  lower  surface,  4-5  cm  long  and  3.5-4  cm  wide,  with 
prominent  yellow  midribs,  and  primary  veins  still  furnished  with  a 
few  axillary  luiis;  petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the 
apex,  glandular  with  small  dark  often  persistent  glantls,  1.5-2  cm  in 
length;  stipules  linear,  green,  glandular-serrate,  caducous;  leaves  on 
vigorous  shoots  subcoriaceous,  ovate,  rounded  or  subcordate  at  the 
broad  base,  often  4.5-5.5  cm  long  and  wide  and  often  Ijroader  than 
long.  Flowers  1.8-2.2  cm  in  diameter,  on  long  slenc'er  pet'icels.  in 
wide,  lax,  mostly  (Viotlowcred  corymbs,  the  elongated  lower 
peduncles  from  the  axils  of  upper  leaves;  cal\\-tul)c  narrowly 
ohconie,  the  lolies  gr:(dua]ly  nai  rowed  from  the  base,  wide,  short, 
acnniinate  and  glandr.lar  at  the  apex,  entire  or  minutel}'  glandular 
denlale,  reflexed  after  anthesis;  slauu'us  jo;  anthers  pale  yellow; 
styles  4  or  5.  bruit  on  long  slender  rrd  drooping  pedicels,  in  few- 
fruited  clusters,  ripening  and  falling  from  the  middle  to  the  end  of 
Oetober,  subglobose  and  ofli-n  broader  than  high,  or  obovate  and 
abruptly  narrowed  at  llir  base,  sli-litly  angled,  light  orange-red,  1ns- 
trous,  marked  by  lari^e  dark  dots,  1.2  1.5  em  in  diameter;  cal\x 
prfimiiieni,  wilb  ,-i  short  tnbi-,  a  broad  (!eep  ea\it\-  lomentose  in  the 
bolloni,  and  small  spreading  slightly  incnr\cd  appressed  lobes;  llesli 
hard,  mealy,  light  orange  re(l  ;  mitlets  4  or  3,  narrowed  and  aeiile 
at  the  i-nds,  ridgeil  on  the  back,  with  a  high  narrow  often  I'eeply 
grooved  ridge,  (>  C).^  mm  long,  and  .}  4.5  mm  wide. 


REPORT    OF    Tlir:    STATE    liOTANIST    I907  89 

A  shrub  3-4  m  high,  with  numerous  small  stems  covered  with 
dark  gray  bark,  spreading  and  ascending  branches  forming  an  open 
head,  and  slender  nearly  straight  branchlets,  light  green  when  they 
first  appear,  becoming  light  chestnut-brown,  lustrous  and  marked  by 
small  dark  lenticels  in  their  first  season  and  dull  red-brown  the 
following  year,  and  armed  with  numerous  stout  or  slender,  straight 
or  slightly  curved  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  1-1.5  cm  long. 

Hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (^  96,  type),  October  21, 
190^),  June  5,  1907. 

Stamens   15-20;  antlicrs  pale  rose  color. 

Crataegus  macrocalyx  n.  sp. 

Glabrous  with  the  exception  of  the  hairs  on  the  young  leaves. 
Leaves  ovate,  acimiinate,  rounded  or  cuneate  at  the  base,  finely  and 
often  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  divided 
into  4  or  5  pairs  of  short  broad  acuminate  spreading  lobes  ;  some- 
times deeply  3-lobed  on  stump  shoots;  tingerl  with  red  and  setose 
above  when  they  unfold,  nearly  fully  grown  when  the  flowers  open 
late  in  May  and  then  very  thin,  yellow-green  and  nearly  glabrous, 
and  at  maturity  thin,  yellow-green  and  scabrate  on  the  upper  sur- 
face, pale  bluish-  green  on  the  lower  surface,  5-6  cm  long  and  4.5-5 
cm  wide,  with  thin  rose  colored  midribs  and  primary  veins;  petioles 
slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  glandular,  with  minute 
often  persistent  glands,  2-3  cm  in  length;  stipules  linear  to  linear- 
falcate,  acuminate,  glandular,  fading  brown,  caducous.  Flowers 
1.8-2.5  cm  in  diameter,  on  long  slender  pedicels,  in  narrow  mostly 
5-7-flowered  corymbs,  the  elongated  lower  peduncles  from  the  axils 
of  upper  leaves;  calyx-tube  broadly  obconic,  the  lobes  separated  by 
wide  sinuses,  gradually  narrowed  from  the  base,  short,  slender  and 
glandular  at  the  apex,  entire  or  occasionally  dentate,  reflexed  after 
anthesis;  stamens  15-20;  anthers  pale  rose  color;  styles  3  or  4,  sur- 
rounded at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  hairs.  Fruit  ripening 
the  end  of  October,  on  slender  spreading  red  pedicels,  in  few-fruited 
clusters,  short-oblong,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  slightly  angled, 
red,  pruinose,  marked  by  small  pale  dots,  1-1.2  cm  in  diameter  ;  calyx 
very  prominent,  with  a  broad  decj)  cavity  narrow  and  tomcntose  in 
the  bottom,  and  spreading  lobes  dark  red  on  the  upper  side  below 
the  middle;  flesh  green,  dry  and  mealy;  nutlets  3  or  4,  acute  at  the 
ends,  rounded  and  slightly  grooved  or  irregularly  ridged  on  the 
back,  6.5-7  1^"!  ^o"g>  and  4-4.5  mm  wide. 


go  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

A  shrub  2-;^  m  high,  with  stems  covered  with  dark  gray  bark, 
ascending  branches  and  slender  sHghtly  zigzag  branchlets  dark  green 
and  marked  by  pale  lenticels  when  they  first  appear,  becoming 
bright  chestnut-brown  and  lustrous  in  their  first  season  and  dull 
reddish  brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  slender  straight 
dark  chestnut-brown  shining  ultimately  dull  gray  spines  1.5-2  cm 
long. 

Rich  hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (;^4i,  type).  May 
28  and  October  3,  1906. 

Stamens  10  or  less 
Anthers  rose  color 
Leaves  smooth 

Crataegus  numerosa  n.  sj). 

Glabrous  with  the  exception  of  the  hairs  on  the  upper  surface  of 
the  young  leaves.  Leaves  oblong-ovate,  long-ix)inted  and  acumi- 
nate at  the  apex,  abruptly  concave-cuneate  or  occasionally  rounded 
at  the  entire  base,  coarsely  often  doubly  serrate  above,  witli  straii^ht 
glandular  teeth,  and  divided  into  4  or  5  pairs  of  short  broad  acumi- 
nate lateral  lobes ;  bronze  color  when  they  unfold,  about  one  third 
grown  when  the  flowers  open  at  the  end  of  ]\Liy  and  then  very 
thin,  dark  yellow-green,  smooth,  lustrous  and  slightly  hairy  along 
the  midribs  alx)ve  and  glaucous  below,  and  at  maturity  thin,  chill 
yellow-green  on  the  upper  surface,  very  pale  bluish  green  on  the 
lower  surface,  5-6  cm  long  and  4-5  cm  wide,  with  slender  yellow 
midribs,  and  thin  prim.ary  veins  arching  obliquely  to  the  points  of 
the  lobes;  turning  yellow  in  autumn  before  falling;  petioles  slender, 
slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  pubescent  on  the  upper  side 
while  young,  soon  becoming  glabrous,  2.5-3.5  cm  in  length.  Flowers 
1.5-2  cm  in  diameter,  on  slender  pedicels,  in  small  mostly  5-8- 
flowercd  corymbs,  the  lower  peduncles  from  the  axils  of  upper 
leaves;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  the  lobes  separated  by  wide 
sinuses,  short,  broad,  glandular  and  red  at  the  acuminate  apex, 
entire  or  minutely  glandular  dentate  near  the  base,  retlexed  aflir 
anthesis ;  stamens  10;  anthers  rose  color;  styles  3-5,  usually  3  or  4, 
surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  hairs.  iMniit 
ripening  the  middle  of  October,  on  long  drooping  pedicels,  in  few- 
fruited  clusters,  obovate,  rounded  at  the  aj^ex,  abruptly  narrowed 
and  often  mammillate  at  the  base,  scarlet,  pruinose,  marked  by 
large  i)ale  dots,  about  i  cm  long  and  9-10  mm  in  diameter;  calyx 
little  enlarged,  with  a  short  tube,  a  broad  deep  cavity  tomentose  in 


REPORT  or  THE  STATE  BOTANIST  I907  9I 

the  bottom,  and  small  spreading  lobes  red  on  the  upper  side ;  flesh 
yellow,  thin  and  dry;  nutlets  3  or  4,  acute  at  the  ends  or  slightly 
narrowed  and  rounded  at  the  apex,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  low 
grooved  ridge,  5-5.6  mm  long,  and  4-4.5  mm  wide. 

A  narrow  shrub  sometimes  4  m  high,  with  stems  covered  with 
gray-green  scaly  bark,  small  ascending  branches,  and  slender  slightly 
zigzag  branchlets  deeply  tinged  with  red  when  they  first  appear,  be- 
coming bright  chestnut- brown,  lustrous  and  marked  by  pale  lenticels 
in  their  first  season  anrl  dull  reddish  brown  the  following  year,  and 
armed  with  stout  straight  or  slightly  curved  chestnut-brown  shining 
spines  2-3.5  ^'""^  lo"g»  very  numerous  and  becoming  branched  on  old 
stems  and  branches. 

Rich  hillsides.  Coopers  Plains,  common;  G.  D.  Cornell  (#32, 
type),  September  21,  1905,  May  26,  1907;  (#87),  October  21,  1906. 

Crataegus  uncta  n.  sp. 

Glabrous  with  the  exception  of  the  hairs  on  the  young  leaves. 
Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  rounded  at  the  entire  base,  finely  doubly 
serrate  above,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  slightly  divided 
above  the  middle  into  2  or  3  pairs  of  small  acuminate  spreading 
lobes;  when  they  unfold  bronze  color  and  slightly  hairy  on  the 
upper  surface  and  in  the  axils  of  the  veins  below,  nearly  fully  grown 
when  the  flowers  open  at  the  end  of  May  and  then  very  thin,  nearly 
glabrous,  smooth  and  dark  yellow-green  above  and  pale  below,  and 
at  maturity  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  dark  yellow-green,  4-4.5  cm 
long  and  3-3.5  cm  wide,  with  thin  midribs  and  primary  veins; 
petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  pubescent  on 
the  upper  side  while  young,  soon  becoming  glabrous,  occasionally 
glandular,  1.5-2  cm  in  length;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  thicker, 
often  truncate  at  the  broad  ba.se,  more  coarsely  serrate  and  more 
deeply  lobed,  6-7  cm  long  and  5-6  cm  wide.  Flowers  1.5-2  cm  in 
diameter,  on  long  slender  pedicels,  in  small  mostly  4-8-flowered 
corymbs,  the  lower  peduncles  from  the  axils  of  upper  leaves ;  calyx- 
tube  narrowly  obconic,  the  lobes  short,  broad,  acuminate  and  glandu- 
lar at  the  apex,  coarsely  glandular  serrate,  reflexed  after  anthesis ; 
stamens  8-10;  anthers  slightly  tinged  with  rose  color;  styles  4  or  5, 
surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  broad  ring  of  white  tomentum.  Fruit 
ripening  the  end  of  September,  on  long  slender  drooping  pedicels, 
in  few-fruited  clusters,  broader  than  long,  truncate  at  the  wide 
a]iex,  slightly  narrowed  to  the  base;  red,  lustrous,  marked  by  large 
pale  dots,  i. 2-1.4  cm  in  diameter;  calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a 
deep   narrow   cavity,   and   small   spreading  or   incurved  persistent 


92  NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

lobes;  flesh  thick,  deeply  tinged  with  red;  nutlets  4  or  5,  acute  at 
the  base,  abruptly  narrowed  and  rounded  or  acute  at  the  apex, 
rounded  and  grooved  or  irregularly  ridged  on  the  back,  about  7  mm 
long,  and  3.5-4  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  3-4  m  high,  with  stems  covered  with  dark  gray -brown 
bark,  ascending  branches  and  stout  nearly  straight  branchlets  dark 
orange-green  and  marked  by  large  pale  lenticels  when  they  first 
appear,  becoming  dark  chestnut-brown  and  lustrous  in  their  first 
season  and  dull  gray-brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with 
stout  straight  purplish  shining  spines  3.5-4  cm  long. 

Hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  ("^'61,  type),  May  26 
and  September  21,  1906. 

Crataegus  plana   Sargent 
Hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell   (♦  2),  September  30, 
1905,    May   25,    1906,    (^  36),    October    i,    1905,   May   26,    1906, 
(#101),  September  21,   1906,  June  5,   1907;  also  in  the  Genesee 
valley  and  near  Buffalo,  New  York. 

Crataegus  dissona    .'-^argent 
RhodDra  V.  60  (1903);   Bot.  Gazette  XXXV.  379;  Acad.  Sci.  Phila.  Proc. 
601    (1905). 

Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (#4),  October  8,  1905,  May  and 
October  1906  (  ;^  53),  October  i,  1905,  May  26,  1906;  also  Illinois 
to  western  and  southern  New  England  and  to  eastern  Pennsylvania. 
Leaves  scabratc 

Crataegus  ovatifolia  n.  sj). 
Leaves  ovate,  long-ixjintcd  and  acuminate  at  the  apex,  gradually 
or  abruptly  narrowed  and  concave-cuneate  at  the  entire  base,  finely 
often  (k)ubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  slightly 
divided  above  the  middle  into  3  or  4  pairs  of  narrow  acuminate 
spreading  lobes;  deeply  tinged  witli  red  and  covered  by  soft  white 
hairs  on  the  upper  surfact-  wluii  tluy  unfold,  about  half  grown 
when  the  flowers  open  at  the  end  of  .May  and  then  very  thin,  yellow- 
green  above  and  glabrous  below,  and  at  maturity  thin,  dark  yellow- 
green,  slightly  hairy  and  .scabrate  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  bluish 
green  on  the  lower  surface,  4-5  cm  long  and  3-3.5  cm  wide,  with 
thin  mi'lribs  and  primary  veins;  j)ctioles  very  sleiKJer,  slightly  wing- 
margined  at  the  apex,  sparingly  villosc  on   the  upper   side  while 


REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  BOTANIST  I907  93 

young,  soon  becoming  glabrous,  glan(Uilar,  witb  minute  generally 
deciduous  glands,  2-2.5  cm  in  length ;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots 
thicker,  rounded  or  abruptly  cuneatc  at  the  base,  more  coarsely 
serrate  and  more  deeply  lobed,  often  6  cm  long  and  4-4.5  cm  wide. 
Flowers  1.7-2  cm  in  diameter,  on  long  slender  glabrous  pedicels,  in 
compact  mostly  5-10-fiowercd  cor\-ml)S,  the  lower  peduncles  from 
the  axils  of  the  upper  leaves;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  the 
lobes  gradually  narrov.'ed  from  wide  bases,  long,  slender,  acuminate, 
entire  or  miinitely  glandular  serrate,  glabrous,  reflexed  after  an- 
thesis ;  stamens  10;  anthers  red;  styles  3  or  4,  surrounded  at  the 
base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  hairs.  Fruit  ripening  late  in  October 
and  often  persistent  during  the  winter,  on  slender  drooping  reddish 
pedicels,  in  few-fruited  clusters,  obovate,  full  and  rounded  at  the 
apex,  gradually  narrowed  at  the  base,  scarlet,  pruinose,  marked  by 
large  dark  dots,  1-1.2  cm  long,  8-10  mm  in  diameter;  calyx  prom- 
inent, with  a  broad  deep  cavity  wide  and  tomentose  in  the  bottom, 
and  spreading  persistent  lobes  dark  red  on  the  upper  side  below 
the  luiddle ;  flesh  thin,  greenish  yellow,  rather  juicy ;  nutlets  3  or  4, 
acute  at  the  ends,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  broad  low  grooved 
ridge,  6-6.5  mm  long,  and  4-4.5  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  3-4  m  high,  with  numerous  small  stems  covered  with 
ashy  gray  bark  and  often  sjireading  into  large  thickets,  ascending 
branches,  and  slender  nearly  straight  branchlets  dark  orange-green 
and  marked  by  pale  lenticeLs  wdien  they  first  appear,  becoming 
bright  chestnut-brown  and  lustrous  in  their  first  season  and  dull 
red-brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  slender  straight  or 
slightly  curved  dark  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  3-4.5  cm  long, 
often  persistent  and  becoming  compound  on  old  stems. 

Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (:^i,  type),  September  21,  1905, 
]\[ay  27,  1906  ('?!<^24),  INFay  24  and  September  21,  1905  (#33), 
October  1906,  May  1907. 

Crataegus  barryana  Sargent 
Hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell   (#'27),  September  21', 
T905,  May  25  and  October  14,  1906,  May  and  October  1907;  also 
near  Rochester,  New  York. 

Crateagus  acerba  n.  sp. 

Pcaves  ovate  to  rhombic,  acuminate  at  the  apex,  cuneatc  at  the 
entire  base,   sharply  often   doubly -serrate  above,  with   straight  or 


94  NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

incurved  glandular  teeth,  and  divided  usually  above  the  middle  into 
3  or  4  pairs  of  narrow  acuminate  spreading  lobes ;  deeply  tinged 
with  red,  strigose  above  and  glabrous  below  when  they  unfold, 
about  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  late  in  IMay  or  early  in 
June,  and  then  thin,  yellow-green  and  scabrate  on  the  upper  sur- 
face and  paler  on  the  lower  surface,  and  at  maturity  thin  but  firm 
in  texture,  dark  dull  bluish  screen  and  still  slii^iitly  roughened  alxive 
and  paler  below,  4-5  cm  long  and  3.5-4  cm  wide,  with  thin  midribs 
and  primary  veins ;  petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the 
apex,  pubescent  on  the  upper  side  while  young,  soon  becoming  glab- 
rous, glandular  with  minute  usually  deciduous  glands  2-2.5  ^m  in 
length ;  stipules  linear  to  linear-obovate,  glandular,  green,  caducous ; 
leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  thicker,  broadly  ovate,  rounded,  truncate  or 
cuneate  at  the  base,  coarsely  serrate,  more  deeply  lobcd  and  often 
6-7  cm  long  and  broad,  with  stout  conspicuously  glandular  petioles 
2.5-3  c""*  '"  length.  Flowers  1.6-1. 9  cm  in  diameter,  on  long  slender 
glabrous  pedicels,  in  small  mostly  5-9-nowcrcd  corymbs,  the  lower 
peduncles  from  the  axils  of  upper  leaves;  calyx-tube  narrowly 
obconic,  glabrous,  the  lobes  slender,  glandular  at  the  acuminate 
apex,  minutely  glandular  serrate  near  the  middle,  glabrous,  often 
bright  red,  refiexed  after  anthcsis;  stamens  5-7;  anthers  light  rose 
color ;  styles  3  or  4,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of 
pale  tomentum.  Fruit  falling  late  in  October  without  becoming 
soft,  on  stout  drooping  pedicels,  in  few-frnitcl  clusters,  fidl  .'uid 
rounded  at  the  apex,  abruptly  narrowed  at  the  base,  crimson, 
pruinose,  markcfl  by  small  pale  dots,  1-1.2  cm  long  and  9-10  mm 
in  diameter;  calyx  little  enlarged,  witlmui  a  tube,  with  a  deep 
narrow  cavitv  tomcntosc  in  the  l)ntt()m,  and  small  s]ircading  and 
incurved  lobes  dark  red  on  the  upper  side ;  flesh  green,  dr\  riml  hard  ; 
nutlets  3  or  4,  acute  at  the  ends,  rounded  and  grooved  or  riilgt-d, 
with  a  high  narrow  ridge  on  the  back.  6  6.5  mm  long,  and  445 
mm  wide. 

A  dense  shrnb  3-4  m  high,  with  stems  covered  with  dark  gray 
bark,  ascending  branches  forming  a  narrow  compact  head,  and 
stout  slightly  zigzag  glabrous  bramldcts  flecply  tinged  with  reil 
when  they  first  appear,  1)ccniuing  light  chestnut-brown,  lustrous  and 
marked  by  dark  lentieils  in  tluir  first  sens,, 11  ,'ind  dull  gray  brown 
the  following  year,  and  armed  with  stout  straight  or  slightly  curved 
chestnut-brown  shining  spines  3  3.5  cm  long. 

Coopers  Plains.  ( ;.  1).  CmiuII  (  -^  X4.  lyi)e),  Oct..bvr  7,  io<A 
June  3.  1907. 


RErORT    OF    TIIR    STATK    liOTANIST    I907  95 


Crataegus  dissociabilis  n.  sp. 

Leaves  broadly  ovate  to  Iriaiigular,  acmninate,  rounded,  truncate 
or  abruptly  cuneate  at  the  wide  entire  base,  finely  often  doubly 
serrate  above,  with  small  glandular  teeth,  and  slightly  divided  usually 
only  above  the  middle  into  3  or  4  pairs  of  small  acuminate  lobes; 
when  they  unfold  deeply  tinged  with  red  and  covered  on  the  upper 
surface  with  soft  white  hairs  and  slightly  hairy  in  the  axils  of  the 
veins  below,  nearly  fully  grown  when  the  flowers  open  late  in  May 
or  early  in  June,  and  then  thin,  light  yellow-green,  scabrate  and 
>lightly  hairy  on  the  midrijjs  above,  and  at  maturity  thin,  yellow- 
green,  slightly  roughened  and  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale 
bluish  green  on  the  lower  surface,  3.5-4  cm  long  and  3-4  cm  wide, 
with  thin  midribs,  and  primary  veins  arching  obliquely  to  the  points 
of  the  loljes;  petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex, 
glandular  while  young,  with  mostly  deciduous  glands,  1.5-3  cm  in 
length.  Flowers  1.5-2  cm  in  diameter,  on  slender  glabrous  pedicels, 
in  compact  mostly  5-10-flowered  corymbs,  with  linear-obovate  to 
linear  glandular  bracts  and  bractlets  fading  brown  and  deciduous 
before  the  flowers  open,  the  long  lower  peduncles  from  the  axils  of 
upper  leaves ;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  glabrous,  the  lobes  grad- 
ually narrowed  from  the  base,  slender,  glabrous,  red  and  glandular 
at  the  acuminate  apex,  irregularly  and  coarsely  glandular  serrate 
usually  only  below  the  middle,  reflexed  after  anthesis ;  stamens 
5-10;  anthers  pale  rose  color;  styles  3  or  4.  Fruit  ripening 
and  falling  late  in  September,  on  long  slender  drooping  pedicels, 
in  few- fruited  clusters,  obovate,  full  and  roimded  at  the  apex, 
abruptly  narrowed  at  the  base,  light  cherry-red,  very  pruinose, 
marked  by  large  pale  dots,  about  i  cm  long  and  9  mm  in  diameter ; 
calyx  little  enlarged,  without  a  tube,  with  a  wide  deep  cavity  narrow 
in  the  bottom,  and  small  spreading  lobes  dark  red  on  the  upper  side ; 
flesh  pink,  sweet  and  juicy ;  nutlets  3  or  4,  acute  or  acuminate  at 
the  base,  gradually  narrowed  and  rounded  at  the  apex,  ridged  on 
the  back,  with  a  broad  deeply  grooved  ridge,  6-7  mm  long,  and  4-4.5 
mm  wide. 

An  ar1)()resccnt  shrub  3-4  m  high,  with  a  short  stem  sometimes 
1.5  dm  in  diameter,  covered  near  the  ground  with  dark  scaly  bark, 
small  ascending  and  spreading  branches,  and  slender  nearly  straight 
glabrous-branchlets,  dark  orange-green  tinged  with  red  when  they 
first  appear,  becoming  dark  chestnut-brown,  lustrous  and  marked 
by  pale  lenticels  in  their  first  season  and  dull  red-brown  the  follow- 


g6  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

ing  year,   and  armed   with  slender  slightly  curved   purple   shining 
spines  2.5-4  cm  long. 

Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (-^68.  type).  Septeniher  22,  1906, 
June  8,  1907. 

Antiiers  pale  yellow 

Crataegus  inusitula  Sargent 

Rich  hill>ides,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  I).  Cornell  ("'^  57),  May  26  and 
October  14,  1906,  May  and  Se[)teniber  1907;  also  at  Chapinville, 
Ontario  co. 

The  Coopers  Plains  plant  differs  from  the  type  of  C  r  a  t  a  e  g  u  s 
inusitula  in  the  fewer  hairs  on  the  pedicels,  which  are  some- 
times nearly  glabrous. 

TEXIIFOLIAE 

Stamens  10  or  less;  anthers  rose  color,  red  or  pink 

Crataegus  ignea  n.  sp. 

Glabrous  with  the  exception  of  the  hairs  on  the  upper  surface 
of  the  young  leaves  and  calyx-lobes.  Leaves  oblong-ovate,  long- 
pointed  and  acmninate  at  the  apex,  rounded  or  abruptly  concave- 
cuneate  at  the  entire  base,  finely  often  doubly  serrate  above,  with 
straight  glandular  teeth,  and  slightly  divided  into  4  or  5  pairs  of 
small  acuminate  spreading  lateral  lobes;  deeply  tinged  with  red  and 
covered  on  the  upper  surface  with  soft  white  hairs  when  they  un- 
fold, more  than  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  at  the  end  of 
May  or  early  in  June,  and  then  thin,  yellow-green,  still  slightly 
hairy  above  and  pale  below,  and  at  maturity  thin  but  firm  in  texture, 
dull  yellow-green  and  slightly  roughened  on  the  upper  surface,  pale 
yellow-green  on  the  lower  surface,  4-5  cm  long  and  2.5-4  cm  wide, 
with  thm  yellow  midribs  and  primary  veins ;  petioles  slender, 
slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  sparingly  villose  while  young, 
icon  becoming  glabrous,  occasionally  glandular,  often  dark  rose 
color  in  the  autumn,  1.5-2.5  cm  in  length;  stipules  linear  to  lanceo- 
late, glandular,  with  bright  red  glands,  green,  caducous;  leaves  on 
vigorous  shoots  thick,  ovate,  acute,  rounded,  truncate  or  subcordatc 
at  the  broad  base,  nwire  coarsely  serrate,  nmre  deeply  lobed,  and  often 
G  7  cm  long  and  5  O  cm  wide,  with  thick  cons])icuousIy  glandular 
petioles.  I'lowcrs  1.5- 1.7  cm  in  dianuier,  on  long  slender  pedicels, 
in  comj)act  mostly  f>-i2-nowered  eoiymljs,  tln'  elongated  lower 
peduncles  from  the  a.xils  of  upper  leaves;  calyx-lube  narrowly 
obconic,   the   lobes   slender,   red   and   acuminate   at   the   apex,  very 


REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  BOTANIST  I907  97 

minutely  glandular  serrate  or  entire,  glabrous  on  the  outer,  slightly 
villose  on  the  inner  surface,  reflexed  after  anthesis;  stamens  7-10; 
anthers  dark  rose  color;  styles  2-4,  usually  3.  Fruit  ripening 
at  the  end  of  September,  on  slender  drooping  or  spreading  reddish 
pedicels,  in  few-fruited  clusters,  short-oblong,  truncate  at  the  ends, 
scarlet,  lustrous,  marked  by  small  pale  dots,  about  i  cm  long  and 
8-9  mm  in  diameter;  calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a  deep  narrow 
cavity,  and  spreading  slightly  incurved  persistent  lobes;  flesh  thick, 
pale  yellow ;  nutlets  3  or  4,  narrowed  and  rounded  at  the  ends, 
ridged  t)ii  the  back,  with  a  broad  k)w  grooved  ridge,  about  0  mm 
long,  and  4.5-5  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  sometimes  3-4  m  high,  with  stems  covered  w^ith  ashy 
gray  bark,  ascending  branches  forming  a  narrow  rather  open  head, 
and  extremely  slender  slightly  zigzag  branchlets  deeply  tinged  with 
red  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  dark  chestnut-brown,  lustrous 
and  marked  by  small  pale  lenticels  in  their  first  season  and  dull 
red-brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  stout  straight  or 
slightly  curved  light  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  2.5-4  cm  long. 

Rich  hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (#83,  type),  Sep- 
tember 22,  1906,  June  5,  1907. 

Crataegus  recta  n.  sp. 

Glabrous  with  the  exception  of  the  hairs  on  the  upper  side  of  the 
young  leaves.  Leaves  ovate,  long-pointed  and  acuminate  at 'the 
apex,  rounded  or  abruptly  concave-cuneate  at  the  base,  finely  often 
doubly  serrate,  with  straight  or  incurved  glandular  teeth,  and 
slightly  divided  into  5  or  6  pairs  of  small  acuminate  spreading 
lobes ;  deeply  tinged  with  red  and  roughened  on  the  upper  surface 
by  short  white  hairs  when  they  unfold,  more  than  half  grown  when 
the  flowers  open  at  the  end  of  May  or  early  in  June,  and  then  thin, 
yellow-green,  still  slightly  hairy  especially  along  the  midribs  above, 
and  at  maturity  thin,  yellow-green,  lustrous  and  slightly  roughened 
on  the  upper  surface,  paler  on  the  lower  surface,  5-6  cm  long  and 
3.5-4.5  cm  wide,  with  slender  midribs  and  thin  primary  veins  ex- 
tending obliquely  to  the  points  of  the  lobes ;  petioles  slender,  slightly 
wing-margined  at  the  apex,  very  glandular  while  young,  the  glands 
generally  caducous,  i  5-2.5  cm  in  length;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots 
coarsely  serrate  and  sometimes  8-9  cm  long  and  5-6  cm  wkle,  with 
foliaceous  lunate  persistent  stipules.  Flowers  1.5-1.8  cm  in  diam- 
eter on  long  slender  pedicels,  in  compact  mostly  5-12-flowered 
corymbs,  the  elongated  lower  peduncles  from  the  axils  of  upper 

4 


9^  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

leaves;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  gradually  narrowed  from  the 
base,  the  lobes  long,  slender,  acuminate,  deep  rose  color  above  the 
middle,  glandular  serrate,  reflexed  after  anthesis;  stamens  5-9; 
anthers  light  rose  color ;  styles  2  or  3.  Fruit  ripening  the 
middle  of  September,  on  slender  drooping  pedicels,  in  few-fruited 
clusters,  short-oblong,  truncate  at  the  apex,  rounded  and  depressed 
at  the  base,  scarlet,  lustrous,  marked  by  pale  dots,  9-10  mm  long 
and  8-9  mm  in  diameter ;  calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a  deep  narrow 
cavity  tomentose  in  the  bottom,  and  small  spreading  or  incurved 
persistent  lobes ;  flesh  thin,  light  orange  color ;  nutlets  2  or  3,  grad- 
ually narrowed  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  ridged  on  the  back,  with 
a  low  broad  grooved  ridge,  about  5  mm  long  and  4  mm  wide. 

A  narrow  shrub  sometimes  4  m  high,  with  fastigiately  erect  stems 
covered  with  dark  green  bark  scaly  near  the  ground,  erect  branches 
and  stout  nearly  straight  branchlets  dark  green  when  they  first  ap- 
pear, becoming  light  chestnut-brown,  lustrous  and  marked  by  large 
pale  lenticels  in  their  first  season  and  dull  reddish  brown  the  follow- 
ing year,  and  armed  with  stout  straight  or  sligiitly  curved  light 
chestnut-brown  ultimately  gray  spines  2.5-3.5  ^m  long. 

Rich  hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (  "^85,  type),  Sep- 
tember 16,  1906,  June  3,  1907,  (  ;'^'8i),  June  and  September  1907. 

Crataegus  spatifolia  n.  sp. 

Glabrous  with  the  exception  of  the  hairs  on  the  up])cr  surface  of 
the  young  leaves.  Leaves  oblong-ovate,  long-pointed  and  acuminate 
at  the  apex,  rounded,  subcordate  or  abruptly  cuneate  at  the  broad 
base,  finely  often  doubly  serrate,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and 
divided  into  5-7  pairs  of  broad  acinninate  s])reading  or  reflexed 
lateral  lobes;  more  tlrin  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  about 
the  I  St  of  June  and  then  thin,  yellow-green,  slightly  hairy  and 
rough  above,  and  at  maturity  tliin,  dark  yellow-green,  smooth  and 
lustrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  bluisli  green  on  the  lower  sur- 
face, 6-7  cm  long  and  5-6  cm  wide,  with  slender  midribs,  and  thin 
j)rimary  veins  arching  (jbli(|uely  to  the  points  of  the  lobes;  jjctioles 
slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  occasionally  glatuhdar, 
3-3.5  cm  in  length;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  sulx'oriaceous,  cordate 
or  truncate  at  the  base,  more  coarsely  serrate  and  more  deeply  lobed, 
and  often  6-7  cm  long  and  wide.  Mowers  1.4-1.9  cm  in  diameter, 
on  long  slender  pedicels,  in  wide  lax  mostly  S-i^-flowcred  coryml)S, 
the  elongated  lower  i)eduncles  from  the  axils  of  upi)er  leaves;  calyx- 
tube  narrowly  obconic,  the  lobes  gradually  narrowed  from  the  base, 


REPORT    OF    TIIK    SlATli    BOTANIST    I907  99 

long,  slender,  red  and  glandular  at  the  acuminate  apex,  entire  or 
minutely  glandular  dentate,  retlexed  after  anthesis;  stamens  8-10; 
anthers  pale  rose  color;  styles  3  or  4.  Fruit  ripening  at  the 
end  of  September,  on  long  drooping  reddish  pedicels,  in  few-fruited 
clusters,  short-oblong,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  crimson,  lus- 
trous, marked  by  large  pale  dots,  i-i.i  cm  long  and  8-9  mm  in 
diameter;  calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a  deep  narrow  cavity,  and 
spreading  often  incurved  persistent  lobes ;  flesh  thin,  light  yellow ; 
nutlets  2-4,  gradually  narrowed  "and  rounded  or  acute  at  the  ends, 
ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  low  grooved  ridge,  6-6.5  mm  long,  and 
4-4.5  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  4-5  m  high,  with  stems  covered  with  greenish  gray 
bark,  ascending  branches,  and  stout  nearly  straight  branchlets  dark 
orange-green  more  or  less  tinged  with  red  when  they  first  appear, 
becoming  dark  chestnut-brown,  lustrous  and  marked  by  pale  lenticels 
in  their  first  season  and  dull .  gray-brown  the  following  year,  and 
armed  with  slender  slightly  curved  dark  red-brown  shining  spines 
3-4  cm  long. 

Hillsides  near  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (-'^90,  type),  Sep- 
tember 2^,  1906,  June  8,  1907. 

Crataegus  fucata  n.  sp. 

Glabrous  with  the  exception  of  the  hairs  on  the  young  leaves  and 
calyx-lobes.  Leaves  ovate,  long-pointed  and  acuminate  at  the  apex, 
rounded  or  abruptly  cuneate  at  the  often  glandular  base,  sharply 
doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  slightly 
divided  usually  only  above  the  middle  into  3  or  4  pairs  of  small 
acuminate  spreading  lob'es;  when  they  unfold  slightly  tinged  with 
red,  covered  above  by  short  white  hairs  and  glabrous  below,  about 
a  quarter  grown  when  the  flowers  open  in  the  last  week  of  May 
and  then  very  thin,  light  yellow-green  and  still  hairy  on  the  upper 
surface,  and  at  maturity  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  dark  yellow-green 
and  slightly  roughened  above  and  pale  bluish  green  below,  5-6  cm 
long  and  4.5-5  cm  wide,  with  thin  yellow  midribs  and  primary 
veins ;  petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  glandu-. 
lar  while  young,  with  mostly  deciduous  glands,  often  rose  color  in 
the  autumn,  2-3  cm  in  length ;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  rounded  or 
subcordate  at  the  base,  coarsely  serrate,  deeply  lobed  and  often 
5.5-6  cm  long  and  broad.  Flowers  about  1.5  cm  in  diameter,  on 
slender  pedicels,  in  small  compact  mostly  8-io-flowered  corymbs, 
the  lowest  peduncle  from  the  axil  of  an  upper  leaf ;  calyx-tube 


lOO  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

narrowly  obconic,  the  lobes  slender,  acuminate,  minutely  dentate 
or  entire,  glabrous  on  the  outer,  furnished  on  the  inner  surface  with 
occasional  hairs,  reflexed  after  anthesis;  stamens  5-9;  anthers  dark 
rose  color;  styles  3-5,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of 
pale  tomentum.  Fruit  ripening  and  falling  late  in  September,  on 
slender  drooping  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  clusters,  short-oblong  to 
oval,  slightly  narrowed  at  the  ends,  often  unsymmetrical  and  some- 
what mammillate  at  the  base,  crimson,  lustrous,  9-10  mm  long  and 
8-9  mm  in  diameter';  calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a  wide  shallow 
cavity,  and  spreading  and  appressed  lobes,  red  and  sparingly  villosc 
on  the  upper  side ;  flesh  thin,  yellow,  slightly  tinged  with  red ;  nutlets 
usually  3  or  4,  narrowed  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  ridged  on  the 
back,  with  a  broad  high  doubly  grooved  ridge,  5-6  mm  long,  and 
4-4.5  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  3-4  m  high,  with  ascending  and  spreading  flexuose  stems 
forming  a  wide  open  head  and  covered  below  with  ashy  gray  bark, 
small  spreading  branches,  and  slender  zigzag  branchlets  dark  orange- 
green  and  marked  by  pale  lenticels  when  they  first  appear,  becom- 
ing bright  chestnut-brown  and  lustrous  in  their  first  season  and  (.lull 
red-brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  numerous  stout 
straight  or  slightly  curved  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  3.5-4-5  cm 
long. 

Rich  hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  {^62,  type),  May 
26  and  September  21,  1906,  May  and  September  1907. 

Crataegus  nescia  n.  sp. 

Glabrous  with  the  exception  of  the  hairs  on  the  young  leaves  and 
l)etioles.  Leaves  ovate,  acuniinate,  cuneate  or  on  vigorous  shoots 
truncate  or  rounded  at  the  entire  base,  sharply  often  doubly  serrate 
above,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  slightly  divided  into  4  or  5 
pairs  of  narrow  acuminate  spreading  lateral  lobes;  more  than  halt 
grown  when  the  flowers  open  about  the  20th  of  May  and  then  very 
thin,  light  yellow-green  and  roughened  above  by  short  white  hairs 
and  paler  and  glabrous  below,  and  at  maturity  thin,  yellow-grccn, 
smooth  and  glabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  light  bluish  green  on  tlic 
lower  surface,  4-6  cm  long  and  3.5-5  cm  wide,  with  thin  midribs 
and  primary  veins ;  petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the 
apex,  sparingly  hairy  on  the  upper  side  while  young,  soon  becoming 
glabrous,  1.5-2.5  cm  in  length.  Flowers  1.5-1.8  cm  in  diameter, 
on  long  .slender  pedicels,  in  small  compact  mostly  5-12-nowcred 
corymbs,  the  lower  peduncles  from  the  axils  of  upper  leaves;  calyx- 


|i 


REPORT    OF   TIIK    STATK    I50TANIST    I907  lOI 

tube  narrowly  obconic,  the  lobes  slender,  acuminate,  entire  or 
minutely  glandular  dentate  near  the  middle,  reflexed  after  anthesis; 
stamens  4-8;  anthers  bright  pink;  styles  2-4,  usually  3,  surrounded 
at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  tomentum.  Fruit  ripening  and 
falling  early  in  October,  on  slender  drooping  pedicels,  in  few-fruited 
clusters,  short-oblong  to  slightly  obovate,  full  and  rounded  at  the 
ends,  scarlet,  lustrous,  marked  by  small  pale  dots,  1-1.2  cm  long 
and  9-10  mm  in  diameter ;  calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a  deep  narrow 
cavity  and  spreading  and  appressed  or  incurved  generally  persistent 
lobes  dark  red  on  the  upper  side  below  the  middle ;  flesh  thin,  yellow 
tinged  with  pink;  sweet  and  juicy;  nutlets  usually  3,  narrowed  and 
rounded  at  the  ends,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  broad  deeply  grooved 
ridge,  5.5-6  mm  long,  and  4-4.5  mm  wide. 

A  slender  shrub  3-4  m  high,  with  stems  spreading  into  small 
clumps,  and  covered  with  light  gray  bark  scaly  near  the  ground, 
long  slender  ascending  dark  greenish  branches,  and  slender  wand- 
like conspicuously  zigzag  branchlets  dark  orange-green  when  they 
first  appear,  becoming  light  chestnut-brown,  lustrous,  and  marked 
by  pale  lenticels  in  their  first  season  and  light  gray-brown  the  fol- 
lowing year,  and  armed  with  stout  straight  or  usually  slightly  curved 
chestnut-brown  shining  spines  2.5-4  cm  long. 

Rich  hillsides,  near  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (#46,  type), 
May  25  and  October  3,  1906. 

Crataegus  insignata  n.  sp. 

Glabrous  with  the  exception  of  the  hairs  on  the  young  leaves. 
Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  rounded  or  abruptly  cuneate  at  the  base, 
finely  often  doubly  serrate,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  slightly 
divided  usually  only  above  the  middle  into  5  or  6  pairs  of  narrow 
acuminate  spreading  lobes;  more  than  half  grown  when  the  flowers 
open  about  the  20th  of  May  and  then  thin,  yellow-green  and  rough- 
ened above  by  short  white  hairs,  and  at  maturity  thin,  yellow-green, 
scabrate  on  the  upper  surface,  paler  on  the  lower  surface,  5-6  cm 
long  and  4.5-6  cm  wide,  with  stout  midribs,  and  thin  prominent 
primary  veins  extending  to  the  points  of  the  lobes ;  petioles  slender, 
slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  3-3.5  cm  in  length.  Flowers 
1. 3-1 .6  cm  in  diameter,  on  short  slender  pedicels,  in  compact  mostly 
6-14-flowered  corymbs,  the  elongated  lower  peduncles  from  the 
axils  of  upper  leaves ;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  the  lobes  long, 
slender,  acuminate,  entire  or  minutely  glandular  dentate  below  the 
middle,   reflexed   after  anthesis ;   stamens   5-8 ;  anthers   pale  rose 


102  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

color ;  styles  2-5,  usually  3  or  4,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow 
ring  of  pale  tomentum.  Fruit  ripening  late  in  October,  on  short 
pedicels,  in  few- fruited  drooping  clusters,  short-oblong,  slightly 
narrowed  to  the  rounded  ends,  deeply  impressed  at  the  insertion  of 
the  stalk,  dull  red,  9-10  mm  long,  and  8-9  mm  in  diameter;  calyx 
little  enlarged,  with  a  deep  narrow  cavity  tomentose  in  the  bottom, 
and  spreading  and  appressed  lobes,  their  tips  often  deciduous  from 
the  ripe  fruit;  flesh  thin,  orange  color,  sweet  and  juicy;  nutlets 
usually  3  or  4,  narrowed  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  ridged  on  the 
back,  with  a  broad  deeply  grooved  ridge,  6-6.5  '"'"  long,  and  4-4.5 
mm  wide. 

A  shrub  4-5  m  high,  with  numerous  small  ascending  stems 
covered  near  the  ground  with  ashy  gray  scaly  bark,  small  spreading 
gray-brown  branches,  and  stout  slightly  zigzag  branchlets  dark 
orange-green  and  marked  by  pale  lenticels  when  they  first  appear, 
becoming  dark  chestnut-brown  or  purple  and  lustrous  in  their  first 
season  and  dull  gray-brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with 
few  stout  slightly  curved  light  chestnut-brown  ultimately  gray 
spines  2-2.5  cm  long. 

Hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (.-«>' 63,  type),  May  23 
and  September  21,  1906. 

Crataegus  bella  Sargent 
Hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (»3i),  September  21, 
1905,  May  20,  1906;  also  at  Buffalo,  and  at  Chippewa,  Ontario. 

Crataegus  genialis  Sargent 
Rhodora  V.   148   (1903)- 
Hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (^'44),  September  24. 

1905,  May  25,  1906,  May  and  September  1907  (^47)>  September 
28,  1905,  May  24  and  September  4,  1906. 

Crataegus  suavis  Sargent 
Hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  1).  O.rnHl   (      99),  September  22, 

1906,  June  3,  1907;  also  at  Buffalo. 

Crataegus  glaucophylla  Sargent 
Rhodora  V.  140  (1903);  Rochester  Acad.  Sci.  Proc.  IV.   120  (1903)- 
Hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  ()^4^),  September  28, 

1905,  May  23,  1906;  also  southern  Michigan  and  through  Ontario 

to  western  New  luigland. 


RliPORT   OF   THE    STATE    BOTANIST    I907  IO3 

Crataegus  matura  Sargent 
Rhodora   III.  24  (1901);  V.  144  (1903)- 
Hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (#21),  September  21, 
1905,  May  21,  1906,  (^59)  May  24  and  September  21,  1906;  also 
Genesee  valley,  New  York  to  western  New  England. 

Crataegus  streeterae  Sargent 
Rochester   Acad.    Sci.    Proc.    IV.    119    (1903)- 
Hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell   (#5),  September  21, 

1905,  May  24,  1906,  (#  82)  September  16,  1906,  May  30,  1907; 
also  at  Rochester,  Buffalo,  Niagara  Falls,  New  York,  and  in  south- 
ern Michigan. 

Crataegus  ornata  Sargent 
Rochester  Acad.   Sci.  Proc.  IV.   120   (1903). 
Hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (#95),  September  21, 

1906,  June  2,  1907;  also  valley  of  the  Genesee  river,  New  York 
and  southern  Ontario. 

FL.ABEL.L.ATAE 

Crataegus  steubenensis  n.  sp. 
Leaves  ovate,  long-pointed  and  acuminate,  rounded  at  the  base, 
finely  often  doubly  serrate,  with  straight  or  reflexed  glandular  teeth, 
and  slightly  divided  above  the  middle  into  5  or  6  pairs  of  small 
spreading  acuminate  lobes ;  slightly  tinged  with  red  when  they  un- 
fold, nearly  half  grov/n  when  the  flowers  open  about  the  20th  of 
May  and  then  thin,  yellow-green  and  strigose  above  and  paler  and 
glabrous  below,  and  at  maturity  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  yellow- 
green  and  scabrate  above,  pale  below,  5-6  cm  long  and  4.5-5  cm 
wide,  with  thin  prominent  midribs  often  rose  color  late  in  the  season, 
and  conspicuous  primary  veins  extending  obliquely  to  the  points  of 
the  lobes;  petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margincd  at  the  apex, 
villose  while  young,  becoming  glabrous,  occasionally  sparingly 
glandular,  often  rose  color  in  the  autumn,  2.5-3  cm  in  length. 
Flowers  2-2.3  cm  in  diameter,  on  long  slender  sparingly  villose 
pedicels,  in  lax  mostly  7-14-flowered  corymbs,  the  elongated  lower 
peduncles  from  the  axils  of  upper  leaves ;  calyx-tube  narrowly  ob- 
conic,  the  lobes  long,  slender,  acuminate,  glandular  serrate,  glabrous 
on  the  outer,  slightly  villose  on  the  inner  surface,  reflexed  after 
anthesis;  stamens  20;  anthers  pale  rose  color;  styles  3-5,  usually 
5.     Fruit  ripening  the  end  of  September,  on  long  slender  glabrous 


I04  NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

red  drooping  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  clusters,  obovate,  full  and 
rounded  at  the  apex,  abruptly  narrowed  at  the  base,  scarlet,  lustrous, 
marked  by  large  pale  dots,  1-1.2  cm  long,  and  9-10  mm  in  diameter ; 
calyx  prominent,  with  a  broad  deep  cavity,  and  elongated  spreading 
persistent  lobes;  flesh  thick,  yellow,  sweet  and  juicy;  nutlets  usually 
5,  thin  and  acute  at  the  ends,  flat  and  slightly  grooved  on  the  back, 
6-6.5  "in^  long'  snd  4-4.5  mm  wide. 

A  narrow  shrub  3-4  m  high,  with  small  stems  covered  with  pale 
gray  bark,  erect  branches  forming  a  narrow  open  head,  and  stout 
slightly  zigzag  branchlets  deeply  tinged  with  red  when  they  first 
appear,  becoming  light  orange-brown,  lustrous  and  marked  by 
numerous  pale  lenticels  in  their  first  season  and  dull  gray-brown  the 
following  year,  and  armed  with  few  stout  slightly  curved  light 
chestnut-brown  shining  spines  2-2.5  cm  long. 

Hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (  ;*^49,  type),  September 
28,  1905,  May  21  and  September  21,  1906. 

COCCINEAE 

Crataegus  dodgei  Ashe 

Jour.  Elisha  Mitchell  Sci.  Soc.  XIX.  26  (March  1903).     Sargent,  Acad.  Sci. 
Phila.   Proc.  632   (1905);   Rhodora  VII.  213   (1905). 

Moist  hillsides  near  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (:^'3o),  Sep- 
tember 21.  1905,  May  26,  1906;  also  southern  Michigan  to  southern 
New  England. 

IN'miCATAE 

Stamens    10;  anthers  i)alc  yellow 

Crataegus  intricata  Langc 
Bot.   Tidskr.   XIX.   246   (1894).     Sargent,  Rlindora  III.  28   riooi). 
Moist  hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  ]^.  Cornell   (;^'25),  Septem- 
ber 30,  1905,  June  2,  1906,  September  1907;  also  eastern  New  York 
and  western  and  southern  New  England. 

Crataegus  foetida  Ashe 

Ann.    Carnenii'    Mii>.     I,    pt     III.    3'"^'!    (i')Oj).      S.niiiiit,    Acad.    Sci.     I'liila. 
Proc.  641   (1905);  Rhodora  VII.  219  (1905). 

Moist  hillsides,  Cwpers  Plains.  G.  D.  Cornell  (''^34),  October  i, 
1905,  June  2,  1906,  (*'55)  October  8,  1905,  June  4,  1906,  (*'98) 
September  Kfyy;  also  Genesee  valley,  New  York  to  western  Massa- 
chusetts and  eastern  Pennsylvania. 


ui-:i'OUT  OF  THE  STATi-:  noTANiST  1907  105 

Crataegus  verecunda  Sargent 

Rochester  Acad.   Sci.   Proc.  IV.   109   (1903). 

Moist  hillsides,  near  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (  #  51),  Octo- 
ber I,  1905,  June  2,  1906  (  #56),  October  8,  1905,  May  30,  1906; 
grooved  ridge,  7-8  mm  long,  and  4.5-5  mm  wide, 
also  at  Rochester  and  near  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Crataegus  cornellii  n.  sp. 

Glabrous  with  the  exception  of  the  hairs  on  the  upper  surface  of 
the  young  leaves.  Leaves  oval  and  acuminate  at  the  ends  to  ovate- 
acute  and  abruptly  cuneate  at  the  base,  finely  doubly  serrate,  with 
straight  glandular  teeth,  and  divided  into  4  or  5  pairs  of  small 
acuminate  lateral  lobes ;  about  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open 
late  in  May  or  early  in  June  and  then  very  thin,  dark  yellow-green 
and  slightly  hairy  above,  especially  on  the  midribs  and  veins,  and 
paler  below,  and  at  maturity  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  dark  yellow- 
green,  smooth  and  glabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  yellow-green 
on  the  lower  surface,  4-4.5  cm  long  and  3-4  cm  wide,  with  thin 
midribs  and  primary  veins ;  petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined 
at  the  apex,  often  rose  color  in  the  autumn,  1-1.2  cm  in  length; 
leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  ovate,  truncate  at  the  broad  base,  deeply 
3-lobed  by  narrow  sinuses,  the  terminal  lobe  often  lobed  toward 
the  apex,  and  3.5-5.5  cm  long  and  broad,  with  stouter  glandular 
petioles.  Flowers  about  1.5  cm  in  diameter,  on  short  slender  pedi- 
cels, in  compact  mostly  4-10-flowered  simple  corymbs,  with  linear- 
obovate  to  linear  conspicuously  glandular  bracts  and  branchlets 
fading  rose  color ;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  the  lobes  broad, 
acuminate,  glandular  serrate,  often  widened  and  laciniately  divided 
toward  the  apex,  reflexed  after  anthesis;  stamens  10;  anthers  pale 
yellow;  styles  3-5,  usually  3.  Fruit  ripening  the  end  of  Sep- 
tember, on  short  stout  erect  or  spreading  pedicels,  in  few-fruited 
clusters,  obovate,  rounded  at  the  apex,  abruptly  narrowed  at  the 
base,  light  orange-yellow,  lustrous,  marked  by  small  dark  dots, 
1.3-1.4  cm  long  and  1-1.2  cm  in  diameter;  calyx  very  prominent, 
with  a  short  tube,  a  wide  deep  cavity,  and  elongated  spreading  and 
appressed  persistent  lobes  dark  red  on  the  upper  side  below  the 
middle ;  flesh  thin,  yellow,  dry  and  hard ;  nutlets  usually  3,  rounded 
and  obtuse  at  the  ends,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  broad  low  slightly 
grooved  ridge,  7-8  mm  long  and  4.5-5  ^^  wide. 


I06  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

A  shrub  about  i  m  high,  with  small  intricately  branched  erect 
stems,  and  slender  nearly  straight  branchlets  deeply  tinged  with  red 
when  they  first  appear,  becoming  bright  chestnut-brown,  lustrous, 
and  marked  by  Small  pale  lenticels  in  their  first  season  and  dull 
red  brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  very  numerous 
slender  nearly  straight  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  5.5-6  cm  long. 

Moist  hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  C.  H.  Peck  (•5^' 67,  type),  June  2 
and  September  21,  1906. 

I  am  glad  to  associate  with  this  distinct  and  pretty  species  the 
name  of  the  industrious  and  careful  student  of  the  thorns  which 
cover  the  hills  surrounding  his  home. 

Crataegus  modesta  Sargent 
Rhodora  III.  28   (1901);  Acad.   Sci.   Phila.   Proc.  635   (1905)- 

Moist  hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  ('^39),  September 
21,  1905,  June  2,  1906;  also  western  \^crmont  and  eastern  New 
York  to  eastern  Pennsylvania. 

ANOMAI-AR. 

Stamens  10  or  less;  anthers  rose  color 

Crataegus  singularis  n.  sp. 

Leaves  ovate  to  oval,  long-pointed  and  acuminate  at  the  apex, 
gradually  or  abruptly  narrowed  to  the  concave-cuneate  or  rounded 
entire  base,  coarsely  often  doubly  serrate  above  with  straight  glan- 
dular teeth,  and  slightly  divided  usually  only  above  the  middle  into 
5  or  6  pairs  of  small  acuminate  spreading  lobes;  nearly  half  grown 
when  the  flowers  open  about  the  20th  of  May  and  then  very  thin, 
convex,  dark  yellow-green  and  strigosc  above  and  jiale  yellow-green 
and  slightly  villose  along  the  primary  veins  below,  and  at  maturity 
thin,  glabrous,  dark  yellow-green  and  scabrate  on  the  ui)per  sur- 
face, light  yellow-green  and  glabrous  on  the  lower  surface,  6-7 
cm  long  and  4-4.5  cm  wide,  with  slender  yellow  midribs  and 
primary  veins;  turning  yellow  in  the  autunm  before  falling;  petioles 
slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  sparingly  hairy  on 
the  upper  side  while  young,  soon  becoming  glabrous,  glandular, 
with  miinite  dark  glands,  often  rose  color  in  the  autumn,  2-3  cm 
in  length ;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  long-iX)inted,  narrowed  and 
rounded  at  the  base,  more  coarsely  serrate,  deeply  lobed,  with 
slender  acuminate  lobes,  often  6-7  cm  long  and  5.5-6  cm  wide. 
I'lowcrs    1. 5- 1. 9   cm   in   diameter,   on    long   slender   slightly   villose 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    P.OTANIST    I907  IO7 

pedicels,  in  compact  mostly  6-i5-flo\vered  corymbs,  the  elongated 
lower  peduncles  from  the  axils  of  upper  leaves ;  calyx-tube  narrowly 
obconic,  glabrous,  the  lobes  long,  slender,  red  and  acuminate  at  the 
apex,  finely  glandular  serrate,  glabrous  on  the  outer,  slightly  villose 
on  the  inner  surface,  reflexed  after  anthesis ;  stamens  5-8;  anthers 
dark  rose  color;  styles  2-4,  usually  3.  Fruit  ripening  from  the 
middle  to  the  end  of  September,  on  slender  drooping  pedicels,  in 
few-fruited  clusters,  short-oblong,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends, 
scarlet,  lustrous,  marked  by  large  pale  dots,  1.3-1.5  cm  long,  8-10 
mm  in  diameter;  calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a  narrow  deep  cavity, 
and  elongated  spreading  and  incurved  lobes  slightly  hairy  on  the 
upper  side ;  flesh  orange-yellow  slightly  tinged  with  pink,  thick  and 
juicy;  nutlets  2  or  3,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  or  when  3 
gradually  narrowed  at  the  ends,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  broad 
low  slightly  grooved  ridge,  marked  on  the  inner  faces  by  broad 
depressions,  d-y  mm  long,  and  about  4  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  2-3  m  high,  with  stems  covered  with  gray-brown  bark, 
ascending  and  spreading  branches,  and  stout  slightly  zigzag  glabrous 
branchlets  light  orange-green  and  marked  by  pale  lenticels  when 
they  first  appear,  becoming  light  olive-green,  lustrous  and  marked 
by  small  pale  lenticels  in  their  first  season  and  dull  gray-brown 
the  following  year,  and  armed  with  stout  slightly  curved  light  red- 
brown  ultimately  dark  gray  spines  3.5-4  cm  long. 

Rich  hillsides.  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (#20,  type),  Sep- 
tember 21,  1905,  May  24,  1906  {^2(),  with  less  deeply  divided 
leaves  and  nearly  glabrous  pedicels),  September  21,  1905,  May 
14,    1906. 

Crataegus  repulsans  n.  sp. 
Leaves  ovate  to  rhombic,  acuminate  and  long-pointed  at  the 
apex,  abruptly  or  gradually  narrowed  and  concave-cuneate  at  the 
entire  base,  finely  often  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  or  in- 
curved glandular  teeth,  and  slightly  divided  usually  only  above  the 
middle  into  short  broad  acuminate  spreading  lobes;  nearly  fully 
grown  when  the  flowers  open  in  the  last  week  of  May  and  then  thin, 
yellow-green  and  strigose  above  and  pale  and  glabrous  below,  and  at 
maturity  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  dull  yellow-green,  glabrous  and 
scabrate  on  the  upper  surface,  paler  on  the  lower  surface,  4-5  cm 
long  and  3-3.5  cm  wide,  with  thin  yellow  midribs  and  primary 
veins ;  petioles  slend'er,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  spar- 


It)8  NE\V    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

ingly  hairy  on  the  upper  sitle  while  young,  soon  becoming 
glabrous,  1.2-1.6  cm  in  length;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots 
abruptly  narrowed  at  the  apex  into  long  broad  acuminate 
points,  gradually  narrowed  to  the  rounded  base,  thicker,  more 
coarsely  serrate,  and  often  7-8  cm  long  and  5-5.5  cm  wide, 
with  stout  rose  colored  petioles.  Flowers  1.5-1.9  cm  in  di- 
ameter, on  long  slender  slightly  villose  pedicels,  in  small  mostly 
5-8-flowered  corymbs,  the  elongated  lower  peduncles  from  the 
axils  of  upper  leaves;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  glabrous,  the 
lobes  gradually  narrowed  from  the  base,  red  and  glandular  at  the 
acuminate  apex,  minutely  glandular  serrate,  glabrous  on  the  outer, 
slightly  villose  on  the  inner  surface,  reflexed  after  anthesis;  stamens 
5-9;  anthers  rose  color;  styles  1-3,  usually  2.  Fruit  ripening  the 
end  of  September,  on  slender  slightly  hairy  erect  pedicels,  in  few- 
fruited  clusters,  short-oblong  to  subglobose,  orange-red,  lustrous, 
marked  by  small  pale  dots,  9-10  mm  in  diameter ;  calyx  prominent, 
with  a  deep  wide  cavity,  and  elongated  spreading  and  appressed 
lobes  villose  on  the  upper  surface;  flesh  yellow,  dry  and  mealy; 
nutlets  2  or  3,  gradually  narrowed  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  or  when 
3  acuminate  at  the  base  and  broad  and  rounded  at  the  apex;  ridged 
on  the  back,  with  a  broad  low  grooved  ridge,  marked  on  the  inner 
face,  by  broad  depressions,  6-6.5  mm  long,  aild  3.5-4  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  3-4  m  high,  with  stems  covered  with  greenish  gray  bark, 
ascending  branches,  and  stout  slightly  zigzag  glabrous  branchlets 
dark  orange-green  and  marked  by  pale  Icnticels  when  they  first 
appear,  becoming  bright  orange-brown  and  very  lustrous  in  their 
first  season  and  pale  gray-brown  the  following  year,  and  armed 
with  very  numerous  stout  straight  or  slightly  curved  light  chestnut- 
brown  shining  spines  4-5  cm  long. 

Rich  hillsides,  Coopf^rs  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (  ^^45,  type),  Sep- 
tember 24,   1905,  May  28,   1906. 

Crataegus  inopinata  n.  sp. 

Leaves  ovate  to  oval,  acuminate,  cuncate  or  rounded  at  tlie  entire 
base,  coarsely  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  glandular  ttnth, 
and  occasionally  very  slightly  divided  above  the  middle  into  small 
acute  lobes;  bronze  color  when  they  unfold,  about  half  grown 
when  the  flowers  open  in  the  last  week  of  May  and  then  thin,  light 
ycllow-grcen  and  roughened  alwve  by  short  white  hairs  and  pale 
and  slightly  villose  in  the  axils  of  the  veins  below,  and  at  maturity 
thin  but  firm  in  texture,  dark  yellow-green  and  scahrate  on  the 
upper  surface,   light  yellow-green  and  glabrous  on   the  lower   sur- 


RKPORT  OF  TIIK  STATE  BOTANIST  1907  lOQ 

face,  4.5-6  cm  long  and  4-5  cm  wide,  with  thin  prominent  yellow 
midribs  and  primary  veins;  petioles  stout,  slightly  wing-margined 
at  the  apex,  glabrous,  sparingly  glandular  early  in  the  season,  usu- 
ally with  deciduous  glands,  generally  rose  color  in  the  autumn, 
2-3  cm  in  length;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  rounded  at  the  base, 
coarsely  serrate,  rarely  slightly  lobed,  and  often  8-10  cm  long  and 
6-7.5  cm  wide,  with  stout  broadly  winged  conspicuously  glandular 
petioles.  Flowers  1-1.2  cm  in  diameter,  on  slender  slightly  villose 
pedicels,  in  narrow  compact  mostly  io-i6-fiowered  corymbs;  calyx- 
tube  narrowly  obconic,  glabrous,  the  lobes  wide,  acuminate  and  red 
at  the  apex,  glandular  serrate,  glabrous  on  the  outer,  villose  on  the 
inner  surface,  reflexed  after  anthesis ;  stamens  5-7;  anthers  pale 
rose  color;  styles  2  or  3,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring 
of  long  white  hairs.  Fruit  ripening  the  end  of  September,  on  stout 
slightly  spreading  pedicels,  in  few- fruited  clusters,  subglobose,  dark 
red,  lustrous,  marked  by  small  pale  dots,  i-i.i  cm  in  diameter;  calyx 
little  enlarged,  with  a  broad  shallow  cavity,  small  spreading  and 
closely  appressed  persistent  lobes  villose  and  dark  red  on  the  upper 
side;  flesh  thick,  juicy,  orange  color;  nutlets  2  or  3,  rounded  at  the 
ends,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  broad  high  doubly  grooved  ridge 
slightly  penetrated  on  the  inner  faces  by  wide  depressions,  5-5.5  in"! 
long,  and  3.5-4  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  occasionally  6-8  but  more  often  3-4  m  high,  with  stout 
stems  covered  with  dark  bark  scaly  near  the  ground,  ascending 
branches  forming  an  open  irregular  head,  and  stout  slightly  zigzag 
glabrous  branchlets  dark  orange-yellow  and  marked  by  pale  lenti- 
cels  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  dark  chestnut-brown  and 
lustrous  in  their  first  season  and  dull  reddish  brown  the  following 
year,  and  armed  with  numerous  stout  straight  or  slightly  curved 
chestnut-brown  shining  spines  3.5-6  cm  long. 

Rich  hillsides,  near  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (#60,  type). 
May  26  and  September  21,  1906,  June  and  September,  1907. 

TOMENTOSAE 

Leaves  thin 

Anthers  rose  color;  stamens  12-20 


Crataegus  di versa  n.  sp. 

Leaves  oblong-obovate,  acute,  acuminate  or  rarely  rounded  at 
the  apex,  gradually  narrowed  to  the  long  concave-cuneate  entire 
base,  coarsely  often  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  glandular 


no  NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

teeth,  and  sometimes  slightly  divided  above  the  middle  into  2  or  3 
pairs  of  small  acute  lobes;  nearly  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open 
the  middle  of  June  and  then  thin,  light  yellow-green  and  slightly 
roughened  above  by  short  white  hairs  and  pale  and  villose  on  the 
midribs  and  veins  below,  and  at  maturity  thin  but  firm  in  texture, 
dark  yellow-green,  glabrous  and  smooth  on  the  upper  surface,  still 
villose  on  the  lower  surface  along  the  stout  midribs  and  prominent 
primary  veins,  6-8  cm  long  and  4.5-5  cm  wide;  petioles  stout,  wing- 
margined  to  below  the  middle,  tomentose  early  in  the  season,  becom- 
ing pubescent  or  nearly  glabrous,  8-12  mm  in  length.  Flowers 
1. 3-1. 6  cm  in  diameter,  on  short  stout  villose  pedicels,  in  compact 
mostly  15-18-flowered  hairy  corymbs,  the  elongated  lower  peduncles 
from  the  axils  of  upper  leaves;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  coated 
with  long  matted  white  hairs,  the  lobes  long,  slender,  acuminate, 
glabrous  on  the  outer,  villose  on  the  inner  surface,  rcflexed  after 
anthesis;  stamens  12-20;  anthers  rose  color;  styles  2,  surrounded 
at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  tomentum.  Fruit  ripening 
late  in  September,  on  slightly  hairy  red  drooping  pedicels,  in  few- 
fruited  clusters,  oval  or  slightly  obovate,  crimson,  lustrous,  marked 
by  small  pale  dots,  9-10  mm  long,  and  6-7  in  diameter ;  calyx  little 
enlarged,  with  a  short  tube,  a  deep  wide  cavity,  and  small  spread- 
ing and  appressed  often  deciduous  lobes  dark  red  and  villose  on  the 
upper  side ;  flesh  thin,  yellow,  dry  and  mealy ;  nutlets  2,  rounded 
at  the  ends,  rounded  and  slightly  ridged  on  the  back,  penetrated 
on  the  inner  faces  by  large  deep  cavities,  5-55  mm  long,  and  3-3.5 
mm  wide. 

A  shrub  3-4  m  high,  with  numerou*;  small  erect  stems  covered 
with  ashy  gray  bark,  small  ascending  slightly  spreading  branches 
forming  an  open  head,  slender  nearly  straight  branchlets  covered 
when  they  first  appear  with  long  matted  white  hairs,  becoming  light 
orange-brown  or  chestnut-brown,  lustrtnis.  i)ubcruluus  and  marked 
by  pale  lenticels  at  the  end  of  their  first  season,  and  dull  reddish 
brown  in  their  second  or  third  years,  and  armed  with  straight 
slender  chestnut-brown  and  shining  ultimately  dull  gray  si)ines  3-4 
cm  long,  occasionally  jjcrsistent  and  compound  on  old  stems. 

Hillsides,  near  Coopers  Plains,  (i.  D.  Cornell  (*7o,  type),  June 
18  and  September  21,  1906  (1^78),  June  and  October  1906,   1907. 

Well  distinguished  from  Crataegus    t  o  m  e  n  t  o  s  a  T>inncus, 
by  the  color  of  the  branches  and   sf)ines,  the  smaller  number  of 
stamens,  and  by  the  sha])e  and  color  of  the   fruit. 
Anthers  pink  ;  stamens  20 


REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  BOTANIST  I907  III 


Crataegus  spinifera  n.  sp. 

Leaves  ovate  to  obovate,  acute  or  acuminate,  gradually  narrowed 
and  concave-cuneate  at  the  entire  base,  and  sharply  often  doubly 
serrate  above,  with  straight  glandular  teeth ;  about  one  third  grown 
when  the  flowers  open  the  ist  of  June  and  then  very  thin,  dark 
yellow-green  and  covered  above  by  soft  white  hairs  and  pale  and 
villose  below  along  the  midribs  and  veins,  and  at  maturity  thin 
but  firm  in  texture,  yellow-green,  smooth  and  lustrous  on  the  upper 
surface,  pale  bluish  green  and  still  slightly  villose  on  the  lower 
surface  on  the  stout  yellow  midribs  and  slender  primary  veins, 
5.5-7  cm  long  and  3.5-5  cm  wide;  petioles  stout,  narrow  wing- 
margined  to  below  the  middle,  slightly  hairy  on  the  upper  side  while 
young,  soon  becoming  glabrous,  1-2  cm  in  length ;  leaves  on 
vigorous  shoots  abruptly  cuneate  or  rounded  at  the  base,  often 
slightly  lobed  toward  the  apex,  and  frequently  7-8  cm  long  and 
5-6  cm  wide.  Flowers  about  1.5  cm  in  diameter,  on  slender  villose 
I)edicels,  in  broad  lax  hairy  mostly  20-30-flowered  corymbs,  the 
elongated  lower  peduncles  from  the  axils  of  upper  leaves ;  calyx- 
tube  narrowly  obconic,  coated  with  long  matted  white  hairs,  the 
lobes  long,  slender,  glandular  serrate,  villose,  reflexed  after  an- 
thesis;  stamens  20;  anthers  pale  pink;  styles  2-4.  Fruit  ripen- 
ing the  end  of  September,  on  long  stout  slightly  hairy  red  drooping 
pedicels,  in  broad  many-fruited  clusters,  subglobose  to  slightly  ovate, 
scarlet,  lustrous,  sparingly  hairy  at  the  ends,  marked  by  large  pale 
dots,  becoming  soft  and  succulent,  1-1.2  cm  in  diameter;  calyx 
little  enlarged,  with  a  deep  narrow  cavity,  and  small  spreading  and 
appressed  lobes  hairy  on  the  upper  side ;  flesh  yellow,  thin  and  dry ; 
nutlets  2-4,  slightly  narrowed  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  ridged  on 
the  back,  with  a  broad  low  grooved  ridge,  irregularly  penetrated 
on  the  inner  faces  by  broad  deep  cavities,  6-7  mm  long,  and  4-5 
mm  wide. 

A  dense  round-topi)ed  shrub  3-4  m  high,  with  small  intricately 
branched  stems  spreading  in  thickets  and  covered  with  dark  gray- 
brown  scaly  bark,  ascending  flcxuous  greenish  gray  branches,  and 
slender  slightly  zigzag  glabrous  branchlets  dark  orange-green  and 
marked  by  pale  lenticels  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  orange- 
brown  and  lustrous  in  their  first  season  and  dull  gray-brown  the 
following  year,  and  armed  with  numerous  stout  nearly  straight 
purple  shining  spines  4-5  cm  long. 


112  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Hillside,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (."^66,  type),  Jnne  4  and 
September  21,  1906. 

Anthers  pale  yellow  ;  stamens  20 

Crataegus  structilis  Ashe 

Jour.    Elisha    Mitchell    Sci.    Soc.     XIX.    12    (1903).    Sargent,    Acad.    Sci. 
Phila.    Proc.   656    (1905). 

Hillsides,  near  Cooi)ers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  ( ."^  50) ,  September 
30,  1905,  June  18,  1906,  (;^52),  June  13  and  September  21,  1906, 
{^  69),  June  18  and  September  21,  t()o6,  (#  71),  with  stamens 
sometimes  reduced  to  15),  June  and  September  1906;  also  Illinois 
and  southern  Michigan,  and  through  southern  Ontario  to  the  valley 
of  the  Genesee  river.  New  York  and  eastern  Pennsylvania. 

Crataegus  comans  n.  sp. 
Leaves  ovate  to  rhombic,  acute  at  the  apex,  concave-cuneate  at 
the  entire  base,  and  coarsely  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight 
glandular  teeth;  tinged  with  red  when  they  unfold,  about  half  grown 
when  the  flowers  open  from  the  loth  to  the  middle  of  June  and 
then  thin,  yellow-green  and  roughened  above  by  short  white  hairs 
most  abundant  on  the  midribs  and  veins,  paler  and  villose  below 
especially  on  the  midribs  and  veins,  and  at  maturity  thin  but  firm 
in  texture,  dull  yellow-green,  smooth  and  lustrous  on  the  upper 
surface,  pale  yellow-green  and  still  villose  below,  4.S-C)  cm  long 
and  3.5-5  cm  wide,  with  stout  midribs,  often  rose  color  in  the 
autumn,  and  thin  prominent  primary  veins;  petioles  stmit,  wing- 
margined  nearly  to  the  base,  villose,  4-5  mm  in  length.  Flowers 
1. 2-1. 5  cm  in  diameter,  on  short  stout  densely  villose  pedicels,  in 
very  comf)act  hairy  mostly  To-15-flowered  corymbs,  the  lower 
peduncles  froiu  the  axils  of  up])er  leaves;  calyx-tube  narrowly  ob- 
conic,  slightly  hairy,  the  lobes  short,  slender,  minutely  glandular 
serralc.  nearly  glabrous  on  the  outer,  slightly  hairy  on  the  inner 
surface,  reflexcd  after  anthesis ;  petals  sometimes  tinged  with  pink; 
staiTiens  20;  anthers  pale  yellow;  styles  2  or  3.  T-'niit  ripening 
late  in  September,  on  long  slender  hairy  erect  j)cdicels,  in  wide 
many-fruited  clusters,  short-oblong  to  subglolxisc,  orange-red,  lus- 
trous, covcrerl  with  short  pale  hairs  most  abundant  at  the  base,  7-8 
mm  in  diameter;  calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a  short  tube,  a  wide 
deep  cavity  and  small  spreading  anfl  appressed  persistent  lobes  vil- 
lose on   the  upper  surface;  flesh  thin,  yellow,  becoming  soft  and 


REPORT    OV    Till-:    STATE    150TANIST    I907  II3 

succulent;  nutlets  usually  2,  suborbicular,  rounded  and  slightly 
grooved  on  the  back,  penetrated  on  the  inner  faces  by  broad  deep 
cavities,  about  5  mm  long,  and  2-2.5  "^"^  wide. 

A  shrub  2-^  m  high,  with  stems  covered  with  pale  gray 
bark,  ascending  branches,  and  slender  nearly  straight  branchlets 
dark  orange-red  and  covered  with  long  matted  pale  hairs  when 
they  first  appear,  becoming  light  orange-red  and  lustrous  and  still 
hairy  in  their  first  season  and  dark  gray-brown  the  following  year, 
and  armed  witli  slender  straight  or  slightly  curved  gray  spines 
2.5-3  cm  long. 

Hillsides,  Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (^^35,  type),  June  13 
and  September  21,  1906. 

Leaves  thick 

Stamens  20;  anthers  purple 

Crataegus  frutescens  n.  sp. 

Leaves  obovate,  gradually  narrowed  and  acute  or  rounded  at  the 
apex,  concave-cuneate  at  the  entire  base,  finely  often  doubly  serrate 
above,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  slightly  divided  generally 
only  above  the  middle  into  3  or  4  pairs  of  small  acuminate  lobes; 
faintly  tinged  with  bronze  color  and  slightly  hairy  above,  especially 
along  the  midribs,  when  they  unfold,  more  than  half  grown  when 
the  flowers  open  late  in  May  or  early  in  June,  and  then  thick,  light 
yellow-green  and  nearly  glabrous  above  and  pale  and  villose  on  the 
midribs  and  veins  below,  and  at  maturity  subcoriaceous,  conspicu- 
ously reticulate  venulose,  dark  yellow-green,  smooth  and  very  lus- 
trous on  the  upper  surface,  light  yellow-green  and  still  slightly 
hairy  on  the  lower  surface  along  the  stout  rose  colored  midribs 
and  slender  primary  veins,  4-5  cm  long  and  3.5-4  cm  wide ;  petioles 
stout,  Slightly  wing-margined  to  below  the  middle,  sparingly  villose 
while  young,  soon  becoming  glabrous,  often  deep  rose  color  in  the 
autumn,  7-10  mm  in  length;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  ovate  to 
oval,  more  coarsely  serrate  and  6-6.5  cm  long  and  5-6  cm  wide, 
with  stout  broadly  winged  often  glandular  petioles.  Flowers  1.4- 
1.6  cm  in  diameter,  on  slender  villose  pedicels,  in  compact  mostly 
io-15-flowered  corymbs,  with  long  narrow  obovate  to  linear  acumi- 
nate glandular  caducous  bracts  and  bractlets,  the  long  lower  pedun- 
cles from  the  axils  of  upper  leaves ;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic, 
slightly  hairy  at  the  base,  glabrous  above,  the  lobes  gradually  nar- 
rowed, short,  broad,  acuminate,  finely  glandular  serrate,  glabrous 
on  the  outer,  slightly  villos?  on  the  inner  surface,  reflexed  after 


114  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

anthcsis ;  stamens  20;  anthers  purple;  styles  2  or  3.  Fruit  ripening 
the  end  of  September,  on  slender  slightly  hairy  erect  pedicels,  in 
few-fruited  clusters,  short-oblong,  full  and  rounded  at  the  ends, 
scarlet,  very  lustrous,  marked  by  large  pale  dots,  7-8  mm  in  diame- 
ter ;  calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a  broad  deep  cavity,  and  small  spread- 
ing and  appressed  lobes ;  flesh  yellow,  dry ;  nutlets  2  or  3,  gradually 
narrowed  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  rounded  and  slightly  ridged  on 
the  back,  penetrated  on  the  inner  faces  by  deep  narrow  cavities, 
4.5-5  mm  long,  and  about  3  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  sometimes  2  m  high,  with  stems  covered  with  dark 
greenish  gray  bark  and  spreading  into  thickets,  small  ascending 
branches,  slender  nearly  straight  glabrous  branchlets  light  orange- 
green  and  marked  by  pale  lenticels  when  they  first  appear,  light 
chestnut-brown  and  very  lustrous  in  their  first  and  second  seasons 
and  dull  reddish  brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  numer- 
ous stout  slightly  curved  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  3-4  cm 
long,  compound  and  long  persistent  on  old  stems,  and  accrescent 
bright  rose  colored  very  conspicuous  inner  bud  scales  deciduous 
before  the  opening  of  the  flower  buds. 

Coopers  Plains,  G.  D.  Cornell  (/^37,  type),  September  21,  1905, 
June  3,   1906. 

Stamens   10  or  less  ;  anthers  pale  yellow 

Crataegus  ferentaria  Sargent 
Rochester   Acad.    Sci.    Vmc    IV.    135    O003);    Rhodora   VI!.    184    (1905). 
Hillsides,  Coopers   Plains,  d.  D.  Cornell    ("^22),  September  21, 
1905.  June  2,  1906;  also  southern  Ontario  to  eastern  New  England. 


NEW  YORK  SPECIES  OF  CRATAEGUS  FROM  VARIOUS 
LOCALITIES 

BY   C.   S.  SARGEN  r 
PRUINOSAE 

Crataegus  bronxensis  n.  sp. 

Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  gradually  or  abruptly  narrowed  and 
concave-cuneate  at  the  entire  base,  sharply  often  doubly  serrate 
above,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  divided  above  the  middle 
into  3  or  4  pairs  of  short  acuminate  lobes ;  nearly  half  grown  when 
the  flowers  open  late  in  May  and  then  thin,  light  yellow-green  and 
slightly  hairy  especially  on  the  midribs  above,  and  paler  and  spar- 
ingly villose  along  the  midribs  and  veins  below,  with  persistent 
hairs,  and  at  maturity  very  thin,  dark  bluish  green  and  scabrate  on 
the  upper  surface,  pale  blue-green  on  the  lower  surface,  4.5-5.5 
cm  long  and  3-4  cm  wide,  with  slender  midribs,  and  thin  primary 
veins  extending  very  obliquely  to  the  points  of  the  lobes ;  petioles 
slender,  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  glabrous,  glandular,  with  occa- 
sional mostly  persistent  glands,  often  rose  colored  in  the  autumn, 
2.5-3  cm  in  length;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  sometimes  rounded 
at  the  broad  base,  more  coarsely  serrate  and  more  deeply  lobed, 
and  often  (y-y  cm  long  and  5-6  cm  wide.  Flowers  1.8-2  cm  in 
diameter,  on  short  slender  slightly  hairy  pedicels,  in  compact  mostly 
5-7-flowered  corymbs,  with  linear  acuminate  bracts  and  bractlets 
fading  brown  and  often  persistent  until  the  flowers  open,  the  lower 
peduncles  from  the  axils  of  upper  leaves;  calyx-tube  broadly  ob- 
conic,  glabrous,  the  lobes  abruptly  narrowed  from  wide  bases,  slen- 
der, acuminate,  entire  or  occasionally  minutely  glandular  dentate, 
glabrous  on  the  outer,  slightly  villose  on  the  inner  surface,  reflexed 
after  anthesis ;  stamens  20;  anthers  light  pink;  styles  4  or  5.  Fruit 
on  erect  slender  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  clusters,  falling  late  in  the 
autumn  without  becoming  soft,  subglobose  or  rather  broader  than 
high,  apple-green,  slightly  pruinose,  becoming  lustrous,  marked  by 
large  dark  dots,  1-1.2  cm  in  diameter;  calyx  prominent,  with  a  short 
tube,  a  broad  shallow  cavity,  and  spreading  and  reflexed  often  de- 
ciduous lobes  dark  red  on  the  upper  side  6elow  the  middle ;  flesh 
thin,  green,  dry  and  hard ;  nutlets  4  or  5.  gradually  narrowed  and 
rounded  at  the  ends,  rounded  and  grooved  or  irregularly  ridged  on 
the  back,  6-6.5  mm  long  and  about  4  mm  wide. 

[115] 


Il6  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

A  shrub,  with  slender  sh<^htly  zigzag  glabrous  branchlets  orange- 
green  more  or  less  tinged  with  red  when  they  first  appear,  becoming 
light  chestnut-brown,  lustrous  and  marked  by  pale  lenticels  in  their 
first  season  and  dull  red-brown  the  following  year,  and  armed 
with  numerous  slender  straight  or  slightly  curved  chestnut-brown 
shining  spines  3.5-5.5  cm  long. 

In  Bronx  park.  New  York  city,  W.  \V.  Eggleston  {^  154,  type), 
October  5,  1904,  May  25,  1907. 

Crataegus  livingstoniana  n.  sp. 

Glabrous  with  the  exception  of  the  hairs  on  the  upper  side  of  the 
leaves.  Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  abruptly  cuneate  or  rounded  at 
the  entire  base,  coarsely  often  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight 
glandular  teeth,  and  slightly  divided  into  4  or  5  pairs  of  small 
acuminate  spreading  lobes ;  about  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open 
in  the  last  week  of  May  and  then  very  thin,  yellow-green  and  slightly 
hairy  alxDve  and  pale  below,  and  at  maturity  thin,  light  yeUow-grccn, 
smooth  or  occasionally  hairy  and  roughened  on  the  upper  surface, 
paler  on  the  lower  surface,  5-7  cm  long  and  4-5.5  cm  wide,  with 
thin  midribs,  and  primary  veins  extending  obliquely  to  the  points  of 
the  lobes;  petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex, 
occasionally  glandular,  1.5-3  cm  in  length ;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots 
thicker,  rounded  or  cordate  at  the  base,  more  deeply  lobed  and  more 
coarsely  serrate.  Flowers  1.6-1.8  cm  in  diameter,  on  long  slender 
pedicels,  in  mostly  5-8-flowcrcd  corymbs,  the  elongated  lower 
peduncles  from  the  axils  of  upper  leaves ;  calyx-tube  narrowly 
obconic,  the  lobes  gradually  narrowed  from  the  base,  long,  slender, 
glandular  and  acuminate  at  the  apex,  minutely  glandular  dentate, 
reflexed  after  anthesis;  stamens  usually  8;  anthers  dark  red;  styles 
3-5,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  tomentum. 
Fruit  ripening  the  middle  of  October,  on  stout  spreading  or  droop- 
ing pedicels,  in  few-fruited  clusters,  short-oblong,  full  and  rounded 
at  the  ends,  red.  lustrous,  marked  by  many  small  pale  dots, 
1. 2-1. 5  cm  long  and  1-1.2  cm  in  diameter;  calyx  prominent,  with  a 
deep  narrow  cavity  fK)inted  anrl  tomcntose  in  the  liottoin,  and 
elongated  spreading  and  incurved  persistent  lobes  dark  red  on  the 
upper  side ;  nutlets  3-5,  narrowed  and  acute  at  the  ends  or  when 
3  rounded  at  the  ends*  rounded  and  grooved  or  slightly  ridged  on 
the  back,  6.5-7  ^^  If^^R-  ^ncl  about  4  mm  wide. 

An  arlx')rcscent  shrub  sometimes  5-6  m  high,  with  stems  1-1.5  dm 
in  diameter  covered  with  ashy  gray  bark,  ascending  branches  form- 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    BOTANIST    I907  II7 

ing  a  narrow  fastigiate  head,  and  slender  nearly  straight  branchlets 
dark  orange-green  and  marked  by  pale  lentieels  when  they  first 
appear,  becoming  light  chestnut-brown  and  lustrous  in  their  first 
season,  dull  gray  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  occasional 
stout  nearly  straight  light  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  2.5-3  cm 
long. 

Roadside,  near  east  bank  of  Hemlock  lake,  Livingston  co.,  Henry 
T.  Brown  (;5?23,  type),  May  28  and  October  1906,  ()^13)  May 
28  and  October  13,  1906,  (  ;?^i8,  with  6-8  stamens)  May  18  and 
October  1906,  (#16,  with  rather  lighter  colored  anthers)  May  and 
October  1906. 

Crataegus  macera  n.  sp. 

Leaves  ovate,  rounded,  truncate  or  cuncate  at  the  entire  base, 
finely  often  doubly  serrate  above,  with  glandular  teeth,  and  slightly 
divided  into  5  or  6  pairs  of  small  acuminate  lateral  lobes ;  more 
than  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  the  end  of  May  and  then 
thin,  dark  yellow-green,  slightly  hairy  above  and  pale  and  glabrous. 
below%  and  at  maturity  very  thin,  dull  yellow-green  and  scabrate  on 
the  upper  surface,  paler  on  the  lower  surface,  4-5  cm  long,  and 
3.5-4  cm  wide,  with  thin  midribs  and  primary  veins ;  petioles  slen- 
der, slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  glandular  while  young, 
1.5-2.5  cm  in  length;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  thin,  truncate  or 
rounded  at  the  broad  base,  more  coarsely  serrate,  more  deeply  lobed, 
and  often  6.5-7  cm  long  and  6.6-5  cm  wide,  with  slender  rose 
colored  glandular  petioles.  Flowers  about  2  cm  in  diameter,  on 
long  slender  glabrous  pedicels,  in  wide  mostly  6-io-flowered 
corymbs,  the  elongated  lower  peduncles  from  the  axils  of  upper 
leaves ;  calyx-tube  broadly  obconic,  glabrous,  the  lobes  separated  by 
wide  sinuses,  gradually  narrowed  from  the  base,  long,  slender, 
acuminate  and  glandular  at  the  apex,  entire  or  occasionally  glandu- 
lar dentate  above  the  middle,  glabrous  on  the  outer,  sparingly  villose 
on  the  inner  surface,  reflexed  after  anthesis ;  stamens  5-7,  usually  7; 
anthers  light  rose  color;  styles  4  or  5,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a 
ring  of  pale  tomentum.  Fruit  ripening  the  middle  of  October,  on 
slender  drooping  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  clusters,  subglobose  to 
short-oblong,  scarlet,  lustrous,  marked  by  small  dark  dots,  about 
I  cm  in  diameter;  calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a  broad  deep  cavity 
tomentose  on  the  inner  surface,  and  spreading  lobes  dark  red  on 
the  upper  side  below  the  middle ;  flesh  yellow-green,  dry  and  mealy ; 
nutlets  4  or  5,  gradually  narrowed  and  rounded  at  the  ends  or 


II O  NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

acute  at  the  base,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  broad  high  grooved 
ridge,  6-6.5  "''"'^  ^ong,  and  4.5-5  mm  wide. 

An  arborescent  shrub  5-6  m  high,  with  numerous  Hght  ashy  gray 
stems  sometimes  1.3-1.5  dm  in  diameter,  spreading  and  drooping 
branches,  and  slender  shghtly  zigzag  branchlets  dark  orange-green 
and  marked  by  pale  lenticels  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  Hght 
chestnut-brown  and  lustrous  in  their  first  season  and  dull  gray- 
brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  numerous  slender  often 
recurved  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  3.5-4.5  cm  long. 

Moist  soil  in  dense  thickets,  near  the  east  bank  of  Hemlock  lake, 
Livingston  co.,  Henry  T.  Brown  {^22,  type).  May  28  and  October 
16,  1906. 

TENUIFOlflAE 

Crataegus  leptopoda  n.   sp. 

Glabrous  with  the  exception  of  the  hairs  on  the  upper  surface 
of  the  young  leaves  and  petioles.  Leaves  oblong-ovate,  grad- 
ually narrowed  at  the  base,  finely  often  doubly  serrate,  with  straight 
glandular  teeth,  and  slightly  divided  into  6  or  7  pairs  of  narrow 
acuminate  spreading  lobes;  about  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open 
in  the  last  week  of  May  and  then  very  thin,  yellow-green  and 
slightly  roughened  above  by  short  white  hairs  and  pale  below,  and 
at  maturity  thin,  smooth  and  dull  dark  yellow-green  on  the  upper 
surface,  paler  on  the  lower  surface,  6-7  cm  long  and  3.5-4  cm  wide, 
with  slender  midribs  and  ])rimary  veins ;  petioles  very  slender, 
slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  sparingly  hairy  on  the  upper 
side  while  young,  soon  becoming  glabrous,  glandular,  with  minute 
often  persistent  glands,  2-3  cm  in  length.  Flowers  about  1.5  cm 
in  diameter,  on  long  slender  pedicels,  in  mostly  io-i2-fiowerc(l 
narrow  corymbs,  the  elongated  lower  peduncles  from  the  axils  of 
upper  leaves ;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic.  the  lobes  gradually  nar- 
rowed from  the  base,  long,  slender,  red  and  glandular  at  the  acumi- 
nate apex,  entire  or  minutely  glandular  dentate  near  the  middle. 
reflexed  after  anthesis;  stamens  5-10;  anthers  dark  red  or  maroon; 
styles  3  or  4,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale 
tomentum.  Fruit  ripening  late  in  September,  on  long  slender 
drooping  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  clusters,  obovatc,  rounded  at  the 
apex,  gradually  narrowed  at  the  base,  bright  cherry-red,  lustrous, 
marked  by  small  pale  dots,  1-1.2  cm  long,  and  R-r;  mm  in  diameter: 
calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a  shallow  narrow  cavity  and  erect  or 
incurved  persistent  lobes  dark  red  on  the  upper  side  below  the 
middle;  flesh  thin,  yellow-green  and  juicy;  nutlets  3  or  4,  acuminate 


REPORT   or   THE    STATE    BOTANIST    I907  ITQ 

at  the  base,  narrow  and  rounded  at  the  apex,  sHghtly  ridged  on  the 
back,  with  a  rounded  ridge  6-6.5  mm  long,  and  about  4  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  sometimes  5  m  high,  with  stout  shghtly  zigzag  branchlets 
dark  orange-green  and  marked  by  pale  lenticels  when  they  first 
appear,  becoming  dark  chestnut-brown  and  lustrous  in  their  first 
season  and  dull  gray-brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with 
numerous  stout  curved  or  nearly  straight  chestnut  colored  shining 
spines  3.5-4  cm  long,  persistent  and  simple  on  the  stem. 

East  bank  of  Hemlock  lake,  Livingston  co.,  H.  T.  Brown  (;^26 
type),  May  28  and  October  3,  1906,  (#25,  with  lighter  colored 
anthers)    ]\'Iay  and  September  1906. 


Crataegus  gracilipes  n.  sp. 

Glabrous  with  the  exception  of  the  hairs  on  the  upper  surface 
of  the  leaves.  Leaves  ovate,  long-pointed  and  acuminate  at  the 
apex,  gradually  or  abruptly  narrowed  and  concave-cuneate  at  the 
entire  base,  sharply  often  doubly  serrate,  with  long  straight  glandu- 
lar teeth,  and  divided  often  only  above  the  middle  into  5  or  6  pairs 
of  long  slender  acuminate  spreading  lobes ;  nearly  fully  grown  when 
the  flowers  open  in  the  last  week  of  May  and  then  very  thin,  light 
yellow-green,  lustrous  and  slightly  hairy  above  and  pale  and 
glaucous  below,  and  at  maturity  thin,  scabrate  and  dull  yellow- 
green  above,  paler  below,  7-8  cm  long  and  4.5-6  cm  wide,  with 
slender  midribs  and  primary  veins;  petioles  slender,  slightly  wing- 
margined  at  the  apex,  glandular  while  young,  with  minute  deciduous 
glands,  3-5  cm  in  length.  Flowers  about  1.5  cm  in  diameter,  on 
long  slender  pedicels,  in  mostly  5-12-flowered  corymbs,  the  elon- 
gated lower  peduncles  from  the  axils  of  upper  leaves;  calyx-tube 
narrowly  obconic,  the  lobes  gradually  narrowed  from  the  base, 
slender,  very  long,  acuminate  and  red  at  the  apex,  finely  glandular 
serrate  usually  only  near  the  middle,  reflexed  after  anthesis ;  stamens 
6-8;  anthers  light  red;  styles  3  to  5.  Fruit  ripening  the  end  of 
September,  on  long  slender  drooping  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  clus- 
ters, narrow-obovate,  gradually  narrowed  and  rounded  at  the  apex, 
gradually  narrowed  to  the  long  slender  base,  scarlet,  lustrous,  1.2- 
1.3  cm  long,  6-7  mm  wide;  calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a  deep  wide 
cavity,  and  spreading  persistent  lobes ;  flesh  yellow-green,  thick  and 
juicy ;  nutlets  3-5,  narrowed  and  acute  at  the  ends,  or  when  3 
broader  and  rounded  at  the  apex,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  broad 
low  slightly  grooved  ridge,  6.5-7  "'•"''  ^^ng,  and  5-5.5  mm  wide. 


I20  NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

A  shrub  sometimes  6  m  high,  with  small  stems  covered  with  pale 
gray  bark,  ascending  and  drooping  tortuous  branches,  and  slender 
branchlets  deeply  tinged  with  red  and  marked  by  pale  lenticels 
when  they  first  appear,  becoming  dark  chestnut-brown  and  lustrous 
in  their  first  season  and  dark  dull  gray-brown  the  following  year, 
and  armed  with  stout  slightly  curved  or  straight  dull  chestnut-brown 
spines  2.5-3  ^"^  long. 

Thickets  in  moist  soil,  near  the  eastern  bank  of  Hemlock  lake, 
Livingston  co..  New  York,  Henry  T.  Brown  (;^'2i,  type),  May  28 
and  October  4,  1906. 

Crataegus  claytoniana  n.  sp. 

Glabrous  with  the  exception  of  the  hairs  on  the  young  leaves. 
Leaves  oblong-ovate,  acuminate,  rounded  or  abruptly  cuneate  at  the 
base,  finely  often  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  or  incurved 
glandular  teeth,  and  divided  into  4  or  5  pairs  of  slender  spreading 
acuminate  lateral  lobes;  bronze-red  and  coveretl  above  by  short 
white  hairs  when  they  unfold,  more  than  half  grown  when  the 
flowers  open  about  the  loth  of  June  and  then  thin,  light  yellow- 
green  and  still  hairy  above  and  pale  and  glabrous  below,  and  at 
maturity  thin,  dark  yellow-green  and  slightly  roughened  <>u  ihc 
upper  surface,  light  yellow-green  on  the  lower  surface,  3-4.5  cm 
long  and  2.5-3  cm  wide,  with  thin  midribs  and  primary  veins ; 
petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  glandular,  with 
occasional  persistent  glands,  1.5-2.5  cm  in  length;  leaves  on  vigor- 
ous shoots  thicker,  long-pointed,  rounded  or  truncate  at  the  broad 
base,  more  coarsely  serrate  and  more  deeply  lobed,  and  often  5-6 
cm  long  and  4-5  cm  wide,  with  stout  rose  colored  midribs,  and  con- 
spicuously glandular  petioles.  Flowers  1-1.2  cm  in  diameter,  on 
slender  pedicels,  in  small  lax  5-10-flowered  corymbs,  the  lower 
peduncles  from  the  axils  of  ui)per  leaves;  calyx-tube  narrowly 
obconic,  the  lobes  slender,  acuminate  and  red  at  the  apex,  entire 
or  occasionally  minutely  glandular  dentate,  rcflexed  after  anthesis ; 
stamens  5-8;  anthers  red;  styles  2  or  3.  b'ruit  ripening  the  end 
of  Sejjtembcr,  on  sh^rt  drooping  pedicels,  in  1-3- fruited  clusters, 
subglolx)sc  to  short-oblong,  scarlet,  lustrous,  1-1.2  cm  long,  about 
I  cm  in  diameter;  calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a  wide  shallow  cavity, 
and  spreading  mostly  persistent  lobes  bright  red  on  the  upper  side 
below  the  middle;  flesh  thick,  rather  juicy,  yellow  slightly  tinged 
with  red ;  nutlets  2  or  3,  narrowed  and  rounded  at  the  ends,  ridged 


kRPORT  OF  Tin-:  state  ROTzVNIST  1907  121 

on  the  back,  with  a  low  broad  sHghtly  grooved  ridge,  6.5-7  "^"^ 
long,  and  4-4.5  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  3-4  m  high,  with  stout  stems,  long  slender  erect  or 
diverging  branches,  and  slender  nearly  straight  branchlets  dark 
orange-green  more  or  less  tinged  with  red  when  they  first  appear, 
becoming  light  chestnut-brown,  lustrous  and  marked  by  small  pale 
lenticels  in  their  first  season  and  dark  grayish  brown  the  following 
year,  and  armed  with  slender  straight  or  slightly  curved  bright 
chestnut-brown  shining  spines  2.5-3  ^^  long. 

Clayton,  Jefferson  co.,  C.  H.  Peck  (;^3,  type),  June  14  and  Sep- 
tember 27,  1907. 

COCCINEAE 

Crataegus  chateaugayensis  n.  sp. 

Leaves  ovate,  acuminate  or  acute  at  the  apex,  concave-cuneate  or 
rarely  rounded  at  the  entire  base,  finely  often  doubly  serrate  above 
with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  divided  into  4-6  pairs  of  small 
acuminate  spreading  lateral  lobes ;  deeply  tinged  with  red  when 
they  unfold,  about  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  in  the  first 
week  of  June,  and  then  thin,  yellow-green  and  roughened  above  by 
short  white  hairs  and  glabrous  below,  and  at  maturity  dark  yellow- 
green,  smooth  and  slightly  villose  along  the  midribs  on  the  upper 
surface,  and  paler  and  lustrous  on  the  lower  surface,  5.5-6.5  cm 
long,  and  3.5-4  cm  wide,  with  slender  midribs  rose  colored  in  the 
autumn,  and  thin  primary  veins  arching  obliquely  to  the  points  of 
the  lobes ;  petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex, 
sparingly  villose  on  the  upper  side  while  young,  becoming  glabrous, 
glandular,  with  numerous  dark  usually  persistent  glands,  2-3  cm  in 
length.  Flowers  1.6-1.8  cm  in  diameter,  on  long  slender  glabrous 
or  occasionally  slightly  hairy  pedicels,  in  compact  mostly  10-12- 
flowered  corymbs,  the  lower  peduncles  from  the  axils  of  upper 
leaves ;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  glabrous,  the  lobes  long, 
slender,  acuminate  and  red  at  the  apex,  coarsely  and  conspicuously 
glandular  dentate,  reflexed  after  anthesis ;  stamens  5 ;  filaments  per- 
sistent on  the  ripe  fruit;  anthers  dark  rose  color;  styles  4  or  5, 
surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of  pale  tomentum. 
Fruit  ripening  the  middle  of  September,  on  stout  drooping  red 
glabrous  or  occasionally  slightly  hairy  pedicels,  in  few-fruited 
clusters,  short-oblong  to  oval,  scarlet,  marked  by  large  pale  dots, 
slightly  pruinose,  i. 2-1.4  cm  long,  8-10  mm  in  diameter;  calyx 
prominent,  with  a  short  tube,  a  wide  cavity  tomentose  in  the  bottom, 
and  spreading  and  reflexed  persistent  lobes;  flesh  thick,  firm  light 


122  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

yellow ;  nutlets  4  or  5,  gradually  narrowed  and  rounded  at  the  base, 
thicker  and  rounded  at  the  apex,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  broad 
low  deeply  grooved  ridge,  7-9  mm  long,  and  3.5-4  mm  wide. 

An  arborescent  shrub  or  tree  7-8  m  high,  with  stout  slightly 
zigzag  glabrous  branchlets,  dark  green  and  marked  by  pale  lenticels 
when  they  first  appear,  becoming  orange-brown  or  chestnut-brown 
in  their  first  season  and  dull  gray-brown  the  following  year,  and 
armed  with  very  numerous  stout  straight  or  slightly  curved  light 
chestnut-brown  shining  spines  4-7  cm  long. 

Near  Chatcaugay  lake,  Franklin  co.,  J.  G.  Jack  (*i,  type),  Sep- 
tember  15,  1903,  June  8,  1905. 

Crataegus  spissa  n.  sp. 

Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  gradually  narrowed  and  concave-cuneate 
at  the  entire  base,  sharply  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  glandu- 
lar teeth,  and  divided  usually  only  above  the  middle  into  4  or  5 
pairs  of  small  acuminate  lobes ;  tinged  with  red  and  covered  with 
long  white  hairs  when  they  unfold,  nearly  half  grown  when  the 
flowers  open  at  the  end  of  May  and  then  thin,  yellow-green  and 
roughened  above  by  short  hairs  and  paler  and  glabrous  below,  and 
at  maturity  thin,  dark  yellow-green,  smooth,  glabrous  and  lustrous 
on  the  upper  surface,  pale  yellow-green  on  the  lower  surface,  4-5 
cm  long  and  3-4  cm  wide,  with  slender  yellow  midribs,  and  thin 
primary  veins  arching  obliquely  to  the  points  of  the  lobes;  petioles 
slender,  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  sparingly  villose  on  the  upper 
side  while  young,  soon  becoming  glabrous,  glandular  with  often 
persistent  glands,  1.2-2  cm  in  length;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots 
thicker,  often  rounded  or  truncate  at  the  broad  base,  more  coarsely 
serrate  and  more  deeply  lobed,  7-9  cm  long  and  7-8  cm  wide,  with 
broadly  winged  glandular  petioles.  Flowers  1.2-1.3  cm  in  diameter, 
on  short  glabrous  or  slightly  hairy  pedicels,  in  small  very  compact 
5-10-flowercd  corymbs,  the  lower  peduncles  fr^ni  the  axils  of  upper 
leaves;  caly.x-tube  narrowly  obconic,  glabrous,  the  lobes  gradually 
narrowed  from  broad  bases,  acuminate,  glandular  dentate  usually 
only  alxjve  the  middle,  glabrous  on  the  outer,  villose  on  the  inner 
surface,  reflexcd  after  anthesis ;  stamens  10;  anthers  pink  or  pur- 
plish red  ;  styles  3  or  4,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow  ring  of 
pale  tomentum.  l-'ruit  ripening  the  middle  of  September,  on  short 
drooping  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  clusters,  subglobose  to  oval,  scarlet, 
lustrous,  marked  by  small  pale  dots;  calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a 
wirlo  shallow  cavitv,  and   small   spreading  serrate   lobes,  their  tips 


REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  BOTANIST  I907  I23 

often  deciduous  from  the  ripe  fruit;  flesh  thin,  yellow,  dry  and 
nicaiy ;  nutlets  3  or  4,  gradually  narrowed  and  rounded  at  the  ends, 
ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  long  narrow  ridge,  6-7  mm  long,  and 
3.5-4  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  3-4  m  high,  with  numerous  small  stems,  ascending  or 
suberect  branches,  and  slender  slightly  zigzag  glabrous  branchlets 
dark  orange-green  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  bright  chestnut- 
brown,  lustrous  and  marked  by  pale  lenticels  in  their  first  season 
and  dull  gray-brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  numerous 
slender  straight  or  slightly  curved  chestnut-brown  shining  spines 
3.5-6  cm  long. 

Dry  sandy  or  rocky  soil,  North  Elba,  Essex  co.,  common  and  the 
prevailing  species,  C.  H.  Peck  (;^4i,  type),  May  27,  June  2  and 
September  18,  1903,  (  #41')  July  22  and  September  18,  1904. 

Crataegus  verrucalis  n.  sp..  Peck 
Leaves  ovate  to  slightly  obovate,  acuminate  and  long-pointed  at 
the  apex,  gradually  narrowed  and  cuneate  at  the  base,  finely  often 
doubly  serrate,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  divided  usually 
only  about  the  middle  into  4  or  5  pairs  of  slender  acuminate  spread- 
ing lobes ;  bronze-red  and  covered  on  the  upper  surface  with  short 
white  hairs  when  they  unfold,  more  than  half  grown  when  the 
flowers  open  at  the  end  of  May  or  early  in  June  and  then  thin, 
yellow-green  and  still  slightly  hairy  above  and  paler  below,  and  at 
maturity  thin,  yellow-green  on  the  lower  surface,  4-4.5  cm  long 
and  2.5-3  cm  wide,  with  thin  prominent  midribs,  and  rather  obscure 
primary  veins ;  petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex, 
glabrous,  glandular,  with  often  persistent  glands,  1.5-2  cm  in 
length ;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  broadly  ovate  to  suborbicular, 
rounded  at  the  base,  more  coarsely  serrate  and  more  deeply  lobed. 
F'lowers  1.2-1.4  cm  in  diameter,  on  short  slender  slightly  villose 
pedicels,  in  small  compact  4-10-flowered  hairy  corymbs,  the  lower 
peduncles  from  the  axils  of  upper  leaves;  calyx-tube  narrowly 
obconic,  villose,  the  lobes  slender,  acuminate,  glandular  dentate, 
glabrous  on  the  outer,  sparingly  villose  on  the  inner  surface,  re- 
flexed  after  anthesis;  stamens  5-10;  anthers  red;  styles  2-4,  usually 
3.  Fruit  ripening  from  the  middle  to  the  end  of  September  and 
often  persistent  until  after  the  leaves  have  fallen,  on  slender 
slightly  hairy  drooping,  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  clusters,  subglobose 
to  short-oblong,  scarlet,  lustrous,  1-1.2  cm  long  and  8-10  mm  in 
diameter;  calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a  deep  narrow  cavity,  and  small 


124  NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Spreading  often  deciduous  lobes ;  flesh  thin,  yellow  ;  nutlets  usually 
3,  acute  at  the  base,  thicker  and  rounded  at  the  apex,  ridged  on  the 
back,  with  a  low  doubly  grooved  ridge,  6.5-7  mm  long,  and  3.5-4 
mm  wide. 

A  shrub  or  small  tree  2-4  m  high,  with  a  stem  sometimes  5  dm 
in  diameter  and  like  the  long  slender  mostly  erect  branches  covered 
with  dark  brovv'n  verrucose  bark,  and  slender  glabrous  branchlets 
yellow-green  and  marked  by  pale  lenticels  when  they  first  appear, 
becoming  light  chestnut-brown  and  lustrous  in  their  first  season 
and  dark  red-brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  numerous 
stout  straight  light  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  3.5-4  cm  long. 

Adirondack  region,  common;  C.  11.  Peck  (;«>' ifc,  type),  June  18 
and  October  i,  1907. 

Related  to  Crataegus  praecoqua  Sargent,  Crataegus 
V  e  r  r  u  c  a  1  i  s  may  be  distinguished  from  that  species  by  its  smaller 
leaves  and  flower  clusters,  fewer  stamens  and  styles,  by  its  smaller 
and  late  hanging  fruit,  and  by  the  peculiar  wartlike  excrescences  on 
the  bark. 

Crataegus  harryi  n.  sp. 

Glabrous  with  the  exception  of  the  hairs  on  the  upper  surface  of 
the  young  leaves  and  on  the  calyx-lobes.  Leaves  obovate,  gradually 
narrowed  and  acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  concave-cuneate  at 
the  entire  base,  or  occasionally  oval  and  acuminate  at  the  ends, 
sharply  doubly  serrate,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and  divided 
above  the  middle  into  numerous  short  slender  acuminate  lobes ; 
nearly  fully  grown  when  the  flowers  open  the  last  of  May  and 
then  very  thin,  dark  yellow-green  and  covered  above  by  soft  white 
hairs  and  paler  below,  and  at  maturity  thin,  dull  light  yellow-grccii 
and  scabrate  on  the  upper  surface  and  yellow-green  and  lustrous 
on  the  lower  surface,  6-7  cm  long  and  4-4.5  cm  wide,  with  slender 
yellow  midribs  and  primary  veins;  petioles  slender,  slightly  wing- 
margined  at  the  apex,  1.5-3  cm  in  length;  leaves  on  vigorous  shools 
thicker,  deeply  lobed,  more  coarsely  serrate,  and  often  12-14  cm 
long  and  8-9  cm  wide.  Flowers  1.3-1.5  cm  in  diameter,  on  slender 
pedicels,  in  wide  mostly  7-15-flovvercd  corymbs,  the  long  lower 
peduncles  from  the  axils  of  upper  leaves ;  calyx-tube  very  narrow, 
obconic.  the  lobes  long,  slender,  acuminate,  minutely  glandular 
dentate,  glabrous  on  the  outer,  villose  on  the  inner  surface,  refiexcd 
after  anthcsis ;  stamens  5  or  6;  anthers  pink;  styles  2-4.  Frtiit 
ripening  and  falling  early  in  October,  on  slender  reddish  pedicels, 
in  few- fruited  spreading  clusters,  short-oblong  to  slightly  obovate, 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    BOTANIST    I907  I25 

rounded  at  the  ends,  cherry-red,  histrous,  marked  by  small  pale 
dots,  about  i  cm  long  and  8-9  mm  in  diameter;  calyx  prominent, 
with  a  wide  deep  cavity  tomentose  in  the  bottom,  and  long  spreading 
and  incurved  persistent  lobes ;  flesh  thin,  yellow-green,  dry  and 
mealy;  nutlets  2-4,  rounded  at  the  base,  gradually  narrowed  and 
acute  at  the  apex,  or  when  4  acute  at  the  ends,  ridged  on  the  back, 
with  a  high  broad  irregularly  grooved  ridge  7-7.5  mm  long,  and 
about  5  mm  wide. 

A  slender  tree  sometimes  8  m  high,  with  a  short  trunk  occasionally 
2  dm  in  diameter  and  covered  with  pale  gray  very  scaly  bark,  small 
spreading  dark  gray  branches  spotted  with  lighter  gray,  and  very 
slender  nearly  straight  branchlets  dark  orange-brown  and  marked 
by  pale  lenticels  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  light  yellow-brown 
and  lustrous  in  their  first  season  and  dull  light  gray-brown  the  fol- 
lowing year,  and  armed  with  occasional  slender  nearly  straight  or 
slightly  curved  light  chestnut-brown  spines  2.5-3  cm  long. 

Borders  of  woods  in  low  bottom  lands  of  Wet-stone  brook  near 
the  Honeoye  state  road,  Richmond,  Ontario  co.,  Henry  T.  Brown 
(•^'38,  type).  May  28  and  October  17,  1906. 

Both  Brown  and  Henry  having  been  used  in  forming  specific 
names  in  Crataegus,  Crataegus  harryi,  one  of  the  most 
distinct  and  interesting  of  his  discoveries  will  serve  to  commemorate 
the  name  of  Henry  T.  Brown  of  Rochester,  New  York,  who  has 
carefully  studied  and  collected  the  numerous  thorns  found  by  him 
near  Hemlock  and  Honeoye  lakes  in  Livingston  and  Ontario  counties. 

ANOMALiAE 

Crataegus  simulans  n.  sp. 

Leaves  ovate  to  slightly  obovate  or  oval,  acuminate  or  rounded 
at  the  apex,  gradually  narrowed  to  the  concave-cuneate  entire  base, 
sharply  often  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  glandular  teeth,  and 
slightly  divided  usually  only  above  the  middle  into  4  or  5  pairs  of 
small  acuminate  spreading  lobes ;  nearly  fully  grown  when  the 
flowers  open  in  the  last  week  of  May  and  then  thin,  yellow-green 
and  slightly  roi:ghened  above  by  short  white  hairs  and  paler  and 
glabrous  below,  and  at  maturity  thin,  dull  yellow-green  and  scabrate 
on  the  upper  surface,  paler  on  the  lower  surface,  5-6  cm  long  and 
2.5-5  cm  wide,  with  thin  light  yellow  midribs  and  primary  veins ; 
petioles  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at  the  apex,  sparingly 
villose  on  the  upper  side  while  young,  soon  becoming  glabrous,  often 
rose  colored  in  the  autumn  at  the  base,  1.5-2.5  cm  in  length;  leaves 


126  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

on  vigorous  shoots  somewhat  larger,  more  deeply  lohcd  and  more 
coarsely  serrate.  Flowers  1.8-2  cm  in  diameter,  on  long  slender 
slightly  villose  pedicels,  in  wide  lax  mostly  9-14-flowered  corymbs, 
the  elongated  lower  peduncles  from  the  axils  of  upper  leaves;  calyx- 
tube  narrowly  obconic,  the  lobes  abruptly  narrowed  at  the  base, 
long,  slender,  acuminate,  minutely  glandular  dentate,  glabrous  on 
the  outer,  slightly  hairy  on  the  inner  surface,  reflexcd  after  anthesis ; 
stamens  10;  anthers  light  pink;  styles  3  or  4,  surrounded  at  the  base 
by  a  few  pale  hairs.  Fruit  ripening  early  in  October,  on  long 
slender  reddish  pedicels  furnished  with  occasional  hairs,  in  few- 
fruited  clusters,  short-oblong  to  slightly  obovate,  bright  red,  lustrous, 
marked  by  small  pale  dots,  8-10  mm  long  and  7-9  mm  in  diameter ; 
calyx  prominent,  with  a  short  tube,  a  broad  shallow  cavity  narrowed 
and  tomentose  in  the  bottom,  and  elongated  persistent  lobes  villose 
and  bright  red  on  the  upper  side ;  flesh  thin,  yellow-green,  dry  and 
mealy;  nutlets  3  or  4,  gradually  narrowed  and  rounded,  or  when  4 
acute  at  the  ends,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  broad  high  grooved 
ridge,  more  or  less  penetrated  on  the  inner  faces  by  long  wide  de- 
pressions, 6.5-7  "^"1  long'  ancl  4~4-5  JTini  wide. 

A  shrub  3-4  m  high,  with  small  stems  covered  with  pale  gray 
bark,  spreading  horizontal  and  drooping  branches,  and  very  slender 
nearly  straight  branchlets,  light  orange-green  and  marked  by  pale 
lenticels  when  they  first  appear,  becoming  light  chestnut-brown  and 
very  lustrous  in  the  first  season  and  pale  gray-green  in  their  third 
year,  and  armed  with  slender  nearly  straight  dark  purple  spines  4-5 
cm  long. 

Near  the  road  along  the  east  side  of  Hemlock  lake,  Livingston 
CO.,  Henry  T.  Brown  (^11,  type),  May  28  and  October  3,  1906. 

This  species  has  the  foliage,  habit  and  general  appearance  of  a 
Coccineac.  From  that  group  it  is  excluded  by  the  depressions  on 
the  inner  faces  of  the  nutlets  which  are  sometimes  as  much  de- 
veloped as  in  some  of  the  species  of  Tomcntosac.  On  many  of  the 
nutlets  these  depressions  are  much  less  deep  than  on  others,  how- 
ever, and  as  they  show  so  much  variation  in  this  character  it  is 
perhaps  best  to  place  it  among  the  Anomalac,  which  by  the  discovery 
of  this  species  appears  to  be  even  more  closely  related  than  was 
before  supposed;  on  f)ne  hand  with  the  Coccineac  and  nn  ihc  (tthcr 
with  the  Tomcntosac. 

Crataegus  floridula  n.  sp. 

Glabrous  with  the  exception  of  the  hairs  on  the  young  leaves  and 
calyx  lobes.     Leaves  ovate  to  oblong-ovate  or  oval,  long-pointed 


REPORT    OF    THE   STATE    BOTANIST    I907  I27 

and  acuminate  at  the  apex,  gradually  narrowed  and  concave-cuneate 
at  the  entire  base,  finely  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  glandu- 
lar teeth,  and  slightly  and  irregularly  divided  usually  only  above  the 
middle  into  3  or  4  pairs  of  small  acute  lobes;  slightly  tinged  with 
red  when  they  unfold,  nearly  fully  grown  when  the  flowers  open 
the  first  week  of  June  and  then  very  thin,  dark  yellow-green  and 
slightly  hairy  above  especially  along  the  midribs,  and  glabrous  and 
glaucous  below,  and  at  maturity  thin,  dark  bluish  green,  smooth 
and  lustrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  blue-green  on  the  lower 
surface,  5-7  cm  long  and  3-4.5  cm  wide,  with  thin  yellow  midribs 
and  primary  veins ;  petioles  very  slender,  slightly  wing-margined  at 
the  apex,  sparingly  glandular,  with  mostly  deciduous  glands,  often 
tinged  with  red  in  the  autumn,  1.8-2.5  cm  in  length;  leaves  on 
vigorous  shoots  thicker,  occasionally  rounded  at  the  base,  more 
coarsely  serrated,  more  deeply  lobed,  and  often  7-8  cm  long  and  5.5- 
6.5  cm  wide,  with  foliaceous  lunate  often  persistent  stipules. 
Flowers  1.2-1.3  cm  in  diameter,  on  long  slender  pedicels,  in  very 
narrow  compact  4-8-flowered  corymbs,  the  much  elongated  lower 
peduncles  from  the  axils  of  upper  leaves;  calyx-tube  narrowly  ob- 
conic,  the  lobes  long,  slender,  acuminate  and  rose  colored  at  the  apex, 
entire  or  furnished  near  the  base  with  i  or  2  glands,  glabrous  on 
the  outer,  slightly  villose  on  the  inner  surface,  reflexed  after 
anthesis ;  stamens  5-8 ;  anthers  red  or  purple ;  styles  3  or  4.  Fruit 
ripening  late  in  September,  on  slender  drooping  pedicels,  in 
loose  clusters,  short-oblong  to  somewhat  obovate,  slightly  narrowed 
at  the  ends,  crimson,  lustrous,  1.1-1.2  mm  long,  and  7-8  nim  in 
diameter;  calyx  little  enlarged,  with  a  deep  narrow  cavity,  and  re- 
flexed  and  appressed  lobes  dark  red  on  the  upper  side  below  the 
middle  and  often  deciduous  from  the  ripe  fruit;  flesh  thin,  greenish 
yellow ;  nutlets  3  or  4,  usually  3,  gradually  narrowed  and  rounded 
at  the  ends,  or  when  3  broader  at  the  apex  than  at  the  base,  marked 
on  the  inner  face  by  shallow  irregular  depressions,  6.5-7  ^^  lo"g> 
and  about  4  mm  wide. 

A  shrub  2-3  m  high,  with  gray  stems,  2.5-5  cm  in  diameter  near 
the  ground,  ascending  branches,  and  slender  slightly  zigzag  branch- 
lets  dark  orange-green  and  marked  by  pale  lenticels  when  they  first 
appear,  becoming  bright  chestnut-brown  and  lustrous  in  their  first 
season  and  dull  reddish  brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with 
stout  slightly  curved  chestnut-brown  shining  spines  2.5-3  cm  long. 

Piseco,  Hamilton  co.,  C.  H.  Peck  (;^62,  type),  June  10  and  Sep- 
tember 16,  1904. 


128  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


TOMEXTOSAE 

Crataegus  efferata  n.  sp. 

Leaves  oblong-ovate  to  rhombic,  acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex, 
abruptly  or  acutely  concave-cuneate  at  the  entire  base,  finely  often 
doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  or  incurved  glandular  teeth,  and 
sometimes  slightly  divided  above  the  middle  into  3  or  4  pairs  of 
small  acute  lobes;  more  than  half  grown  when  the  flowers  open  the 
last  days  of  May  and  then  very  thin,  yellow-green  and  slightly  hairy 
above  on  the  midribs  and  covered  below  by  soft  pale  hairs,  and  at 
maturity  thin  but  firm  in  texture,  light  yellow-green,  very  smooth 
and  glabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  and  villose-pubescent  on  the 
lower  surface  on  the  stout  often  rose  colored  midribs  and  slender 
primary  veins  and  veinlets,  5.5-7.5  cm  long  and  4-6  cm  wide; 
petioles  stout,  narrowly  wing-margined  often  to  the  base,  hairy  on 
the  upper  side  while  young,  becoming  nearly  glabrous  and  often 
dark  rose  color  in  the  autumn,  1.5-1.8  cm  in  lengdi;  leaves  on 
vigorous  shoots  thicker,  more  coarsely  serrate,  more  deeply  lobed, 
and  often  7-8  cm  long  and  5-6  cm  wide.  Flowers  about  1.2  cm  in 
diameter,  on  long  slender  slightly  villose  pedicels,  in  small  rather 
compact  io-15-fiowered  hairy  corymbs,  the  lower  peduncles  from 
the  axils  of  upper  leaves;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  coated  with 
short  white  hairs,  the  lobes  abruptly  narrowed  at  the  base,  long, 
wide,  acuminate,  laciniately  glandular  serrate,  glabrous  on  the  outer, 
slightly  villose  on  the  inner  surface,  reflexed  after  anthesis;  stamens 
16-20;  anthers  light  rose  color;  styles  2  or  3.  Fruit  ripeiiint; 
early  in  October,  on  long  slender  slightly  hairy  red  pedicels,  in 
few- fruited  spreading  or  drooping  clusters,  subglobose,  scarlet,  very 
lustrous,  marked  by  large  pale  dots,  8-9  mm  in  diameter ;  calyx 
prominent,  with  a  deep  narrow  cavity,  and  long  spreading  k)bcs 
dark  red  on  the  upper  side  below  the  middle;  flesh  thick,  yellow- 
green,  becoming  soft  and  sncculent  when  f nlly  rijic ;  nntlets  usually 
2,  nearly  orbicular,  rounded  and  slightly  ridged  on  the  back,  pcne- 
tiated  on  the  inner  face  by  long  narrow  deep  cavities,  4.5-5  mm  long. 
and  3-3.5  mm  wide. 

An  arborescent  shrub  5-7  m  high,  with  stout  stems  covered  wilh 
dark  brown  scaly  bark,  erect  and  spreading  branches,  and  stont 
slightly  zigzag  glabrous  branchlcts  light  orange-yellow  when  they 
first  appear,  becoming  dark  chestnut-brown,  very  lustrous  and 
marked  by  small  pale  dark  lenticels  in  their  first  season  and  dnll 
reddish  brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  numerous  very 


REPORT    OF    THE   STATE   BOTANIST    I907  I29 

Stout  Straight  or  slightly  curved  light  chestnut-brown  shining  spines 
4-5  cm  long,  compound  and  long  persistent  on  old  stems  and 
branches. 

Banks  of  the  outlet  of  Hemlock  lake  at  Hemlock  railroad  station, 
Livingston  co.,  New  York,  Henry  T.  Brown  (^6,  type),  May  28 
and  October  4,  1906. 

Crataegus  honeoyensis  n.  sp. 
Leaves  oval  to  ovate  or  slightly  obovate,  rounded  or  acute  at  the 
apex,  gradually  or  abruptly  narrowed  and  concave-cuneate  at  the 
entire  base,  sharply  doubly  serrate  above,  with  straight  or  incurved 
glandular  teeth,  and  sometimes  slightly  divided  above  the  middle 
into  2  or  3  pairs  of  short  broad  acuminate  lobes;  nearly  fully  grown 
when  the  flowers  open  in  the  last  week  of  May  and  then  thin, 
yellow-green,  smooth,  lustrous  and  slightly  hairy  along  the  midribs 
above  and  pale  bluish  green  and  covered  below  with  short  soft  hairs, 
and  at  maturity  thick,  reticulate-venulose,  dull  yellow-green,  smooth 
and  glabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  and  slightly  hairy  on  the 
lower  surface  on  the  stout  rose  colored  midribs,  and  slender  primary 
veins  extending  very  obliquely  to  the  apex  of  the  leaf,  6-8  cm  long 
and  4-4.5  cm  wide ;  petioles  stout,  narrowly  wing-margined  some- 
times to  the  base,  slightly  hairy  on  the  upper  side,  often  rose  color 
in  the  autumn,  1.5-2  cm  in  length;  leaves  on  vigorous  shoots  rather 
thicker,  ovate  or  oval,  more  coarsely  serrate,  more  deeply  lobed, 
and  sometimes  8-10  cm  long  and  5-6  cm  wide.  Flowers  about  1.5 
cm  in  diameter,  on  long  slender  drooping  villose  pedicels,  in  narrow 
compact  many-flowered  corymbs,  the  long  lower  peduncles  from  the 
axils  of  upper  leaves;  calyx-tube  narrowly  obconic,  covered  with 
long  scattered  pale  hairs,  the  lobes  long,  wide,  acute,  laciniately 
glandular  serrate,  villose,  reflexed  after  anthesis;  stamens  20; 
anthers  pale  pink,  styles  2  or  3,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a  narrow 
ring  of  pale  tomentum.  Fruit  ripening  the  end  of  September,  on 
stout  slightly  hairy  erect  reddish  pedicels,  in  few-fruited  clusters, 
short-obiong  or  slightly  ovate,  scarlet,  lustrous,  marked  by  small 
pale  dots,  8-10  mm  in  diameter;  calyx  prominent,  with  a  broad  deep 
cavity,  and  elongated  spreading  persistent  lobes  slightly  hairy  and 
dark  red  on  the  upper  side;  flesh  thin,  dry  and  yellow,  becoming 
soft  and  succulent;  nutlets  2  or  3,  rounded  at  the  ends,  or  when  3 
acute  at  the  base,  ridged  on  the  back,  with  a  low  broad  slightly 
grooved  ridge,  penetrated  on  the  inner  faces  by  shallow  cavities, 
6-6.5  """"i  long,  and  4-4.5  mm  wide. 

5 


130  NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

A  narrow  shrub  3-4  m  high,  with  small  ashy  gray  stems,  ascend- 
ing branches,  and  stout  slightly  zigzag  glabrous  branchlets  light 
orange-green  and  marked  by  pale  lenticels  when  they  first  appear, 
becoming  light  chestnut-brown  and  very  lustrous  in  their  first  season 
and  light  reddish-brown  the  following  year,  and  armed  with  stout 
straight  purplish  shining  spines  3.5-4  cm  long  and  pointing  toward 
the  apex  of  the  branch. 

Roadside  west  of  Honeoye  lake,  Ontario  co..  New  York,  H.  T. 
Brown  (*35,  type).  May  28  and  October  16,  1906. 


REl'ORT    01-"    THE    STATE    BOTANIST    I907  I3I 


REMARKS  AND  OI5SER\ATIONS 

Aster  paniculatus  bellidiflorus    (W'ilkl.)    Burg. 

A  form  answering  well  to  the  (lescri])tion  of  this  subspecies  was 
found  growing-  ])lenli fully  near  the  railroad  station  at  Cairo,  Greene 
CO.  in  September. 

Carya  glabra  odorata  .Sargent 

Specimens  were  collected  near  Dykemans,  Putnam  co.  June. 
The  leaflets  are  generally  five  and  the  lowest  pair  are  generally 
much  smaller  than  the  pair  above  them.  The  fruit  is  subglobose 
with  a  thin  husk. 

Castanea  dentata    Ilorkh. 

Fruiting  specimens  of  the  remarkable  tree  near  Freehold,  Greene 
CO.  known  as  the  "  burless  chestnut  "  w^ere  obtained  in  September. 
The  fruit  at  that  time  was  quite  small,  but  the  nutc  show  the  exposed 
manner  of  their  development.  The  tree  is  mentioned  in  Sargent's 
Silva  of  North  America,  volume  IX,  page  14,  footnote. 

Clitopilus  caespitosus  Pk. 

This  rather  rare  and  singular  mushroom,  has  appeared  in  several 
localities  this  season  and  has  shown  a  wider  range  of  variation  than 
formerly.  The  pileus  varies  from  1-4  inches  broad  and  the  lamellae 
from  slightly  rounded  behind  or  subsinuate  to  slightly  decurrent. 
The  mode  of  growth  is  not  always  strictly  cespitose  for  occasionally 
single  specimens  are  found.  The  color  of  the  spores  is  very  similar 
to  that  of  the  spores  of  Tricholoma  personatum  Fr., 
T.  nudum  (l>ull.)  and  T.  sordidum  Fr.  but  in  the  colors 
of  the  plant  it  is  more  closely  related  to  Clitopilus  n  o  v  e  - 
boracensis    Pk.  another  species  with  very  pale  pink  spores. 

Clitopilus  conissans  Pk. 

This  species  was  described  from  inadequate  material  collected  in 
a  dry  time  and  .showing  the  specific  characters  imperfectly.  Undue 
weight  v/as  given  to  the  red  color  of  the  spores  and  the  plant  was 
thereby  referred  to  a  genus  wnth  which  it  has  but  little  afifinity. 
Specimens  observed  and  collected  this  season  indicate  that  its  true 
relationship  is  with  Psilocybe  on  account  of  the  entire  absence  of  a 
veil  and  its  general  habit.  Its  characters  place  it  near  P.  s  p  a  d  - 
ice  a,  but  the  plants  also  have  a  striking  similarity  to  Hypho- 


13-2  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

1  o  m  a   h  y  d  r  o  p  h  i  1  u  ni ,  but  from  both,  the  species  is  separated 
by  the  color  of  the  hinit'llae  and  spores.    A  new  description  follows. 

Psilocybe  conissans  n.  comb. 
Clitopilus    conissans     N.     Y.     State    AIus.     Rcp't    41:64;    42:45 

Pileus  fleshy  but  thin,  broadly  convex  becoming  nearly  plane, 
glabrous,  hygrophanous,  pale  chestnut  or  watery  ferruginous  and 
striatulate  on  the  margin  when  moist,  pale  alutaceous  or  pale  buff 
and  sometimes  slightly  rugose  when  dry,  flesh  whitish;  lamellae 
thin,  close,  rounded  behind,  adnexed  or  rarely  adnate,  bay  verging 
to  dark  purple  or  liver  color;  stem  equal,  rather  slender,  firm, 
glabrous,  hollow,  curved  or  flexuous,  white,  veil  none;  spores 
vinaceous,  elliptic,  .0003-.0004  of  an  inch  long,  .00016-.OC02  broad, 
(8-10  II  long,  4-5  11  broad). 

Cespitose  on  or  about  the  base  of  deciduous  trees.  Catskill  and 
Adirondack  mountains,  also  at  Gansevoort,  Saratoga  co.  Septem- 
ber and  October.     Cystidia  occur  sparingly  on  the  lamellae. 

Collybia  lacunosa  Pk. 

In  Nczv  York  State  Museum  Report  26,  page  51  this  plant  is 
described  under  the  name  Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  la- 
c  u  n  o  s  u  s  .  Its  texture  is  too  tough  to  permit  its  reference  to  the 
genus  Tricholoma  and  it  is  here  placed  in  the  genus  Collybia  as  a 
better  place  foi  it.  It  is  a  pretty  little  golden  yellow  mushroom 
inhabiting  decaying  wood.     It  is  neither  common  nor  plentiful. 

Crataegus  bissellii  Sargent 
A  small  shrub  whose  flowers  have  pale  pink  anthers  soon  fading 
to  pale  yellow  or  whitish  was  found  near  Staatsburg,  Dutchess  co. 
and  referred  to  this  species.  A  similar  shrub  but  having  flowers 
with  bright  red  anthers  occurs  in  North  Greenbush,  Rensselaer  co. 
As  the  anthers  of  the  flowers  of  C.  bissellii  are  described  as 
either  pink  or  rose  purple  the  North  Greenlnish  shrub  is  also  re- 
ferred to  this  species. 

Cypripedium  arietinum  K.   P>r. 

Near  Hague,  Warren  co.  Mrs  E.  Watrous.  This  is  a  rare 
species  in  our  State  and  it  is  becoming  more  scarce  from  year  to 
year.  It  is  therefore  gratifying  to  add  this  new  locality  to  those 
pjrcviously  known.  Mrs  Watrous  sends  both  flowering  and  fruiting 
spccjmens. 


REPORT   OF   THE   STATE   BOTANIST    I907  I33 

Erysimum   cheiranthoides    L. 

A  small  form  6-10  inches  tall  with  leaves  scarcely  more  than  one 
inch  long  was  found  growing  about  water  holes  in  a  pasture  near 
Clayton,  Jefferson  co. 

Geoglossum  peckianum  Cke. 

Specimens  of  this  rare  species  were  found  growing  among  hair 
cap  mosses  near  Wading  River,  Suffolk  co.  August.  A  slender 
form  of  Geoglossum  nigritum  (Fr.)  Cke.  was  found  by 
S.  H.  Burnham  growing  among  sphagnum  in  a  marsh  near  Shushan. 

Habenaria  ciliaris   (L.)    R.  Br, 

This  beautiful  orchid  still  lingers  near  Karner  in  what  appears 
formerly  to  have  been  a  swamp  hole.  It  was  discovered  there  two 
years  ago  and  was  in  fine  flowering  condition  at  that  time,  July  22. 
The  past  season  it  was  in  the  same  flowering  condition  August  18, 
illustrating  strikingly  the  influence  of  the  season  in  retarding  the 
development  of  vegetation. 

Hydnum  septentrionale  Fr. 

The  difference  between  the  young  plant  and  the  mature  one  is 
very  great,  and  to  illustrate  this  difference  a  figure  of  each  is  given 
on  plates  9  and  10  in  I  c  0  n  c  s  H  y  111  e  n  o  m  y  c  c  t  u  m  .  A  speci- 
men of  the  young  plant  was  found  near  Fine,  St  Lawrence  co. 
growing  on  the  trunk  of  a  standing  sugar  maple.  It  corresponds 
beautifully  with  the  Friesian  figure. 

Hypholoma  sublateritium    (Schaeff.)    Fr. 

This  species  has  been  unusually  abundant  the  latter  part  of  the 
season.  It  has,  in  those  cases  coming  under  my  observation,  shown 
a  darker  and  more  uniformly  brownish  red  color  of  the  cap  than  is 
shown  in  H.  perplexum  Pk.  This,  taken  in  connection  with 
its  stuffed  stem,  makes  the  separation  of  the  two  quite  easy.  Its 
flavor,  however,  is  not  always  bitter,  as  is  indicated  by  the  descrip- 
tions of  the  European  plant. 

Morchella  deliciosa  Fr. 

The  name  of  the  delicious  morel  implies  that  it  is  specially  agree- 
able as  an  article  of  food.     In  confirm'^ition  of  this  I  am  pleased  to 


134  NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

make  the  following  quotation  from  a  letter  received  concerning  it. 
"  On  two  successive  days  this  month,  May  1907,  I  have  collected 
on  my  lawn  in  Pitterson,  N.  J.  a  double  handful  of  AI  o  r  c  h  e  1 1  a 
d  e  1  i  c  i  o  s  a  ,  bad  them  cooked  and  have  eaten  them  with  the  result 
that  they  were  quite  as  palatable  as  the  common  mushroom."  Un- 
fortunately the  species  is  not  very  common  and,  like  other  morels, 
its  time  of  occurrence  is  limited  to  a  short  period  early  in  the 
season. 

Polyporns  volvatus  Pk. 

This  singular  species  of  polyporus  inhabits  the  trunks  of  various 
coniferous  trees.  It  emerges  from  holes  made  in  the  bark  by  insect 
borers.  While  young,  the  pores,  from  which  the  spores  drop,  are 
concealed  by  a  thin  prolongation  of  the  exterior  coat  of  the  pileus, 
which  forms  a  continuous  membrane  beneath  them.  In  due  time 
the  central  part  of  this  membrane  opens  in  a  circular  aperture  and 
reveals  the  mouths  of  the  pores  and  the  heaps  of  pinkish  spores 
that  have  fallen  from  them  and  lodged  on  the  inner  surface  of  the 
membrane  about  the  aperture.  Small  insects  are  often  found  inside 
the  wrapper  and  apparently  feeding  on  the  spores.  In  some  speci- 
mens of  the  polyporus  received  early  in  the  season  small  holes  were 
observed  in  the  wrapper  and  insects  were  found  in  the  cavity  dusted 
with  and  evidently  feeding  on  the  spores,  for  there  was  no  evidence 
of  their  having  eaten  or  bored  into  the  substance  of  the  fungus. 
The  appearance  indicated  that  the  borers  had  eaten  one  or  two  holes 
through  the  wrapper  before  its  aperture  had  been  formed  and  that 
they  had  thereby  gained  entrance  to  the  storehouse  of  spores  on 
which  they  were  feeding.  In  the  examples  in  which  the  insects 
were  found  within  specimens  with  no  small  apertures  in  the  wrapper 
it  is  clear  that  they  gained  entrance  through  the  larger  natural  aper- 
ture. It  is  possible  that  one  purpose  of  the  visit  of  the  insects  is 
to  deposit  eggs  within  the  fungus,  for  this  species  of  polyporus  is 
one  specially  liable  to  be  (juickly  destroyed  by  insect  larvae  develop- 
ing within.  Here  appears  to  be  a  peculiar  case  of  nuitual  benefit 
between  insect  and  fungus.  The  insect  bores  holes  through  the 
bark  of  the  tree.  Through  these  holes  the  si)ores  of  the  fungus 
have  access  to  the  sapwood  of  the  tree  and  through  them  also  the 
mycelium  of  the  fungus  finds  an  exit  to  the  external  light  and  air 
where  it  forms  the  fruiting  body  and  develops  its  spores.  Tli<"^('  in 
turn  furnish  food  and  a  jilace  for  propagation  to  insects. 


REPO[tT    or    THK    STATI-:    HOTANIST    IQO/  135 

Salix  serissima  (  liail.)  Fern. 

A  fine  elnmp  of  this  late  willow  was  found  growing  in  a  wet  plaee 
by  the  roadside  near  Fulton  Chain.  Herkimer  co.  This  is  the  third 
station  known  for  it  in  the  Adirondack  region. 

Sphaeronema  pruinosum  I'k. 

On  the  trunk  of  the  low  Jtuie  berry,  A  m  e  1  a  n  c  h  i  e  r 
spicata  (Lam.)  Dec.  Arnold  clearing  near  Fulton  Chain, 
tunc.  This  rare  fungus  was  published  in  Neiv  York  State  Museum 
Report  24,  page  85.  1872.  Apparently  the  same  species  was  pub- 
lished under  the  same  name  by  Berkeley  and  Curtis  in  Grevillea 
2:177.     1874. 

EDIBLK    FUNGI 

Lycoperdon  subincarnatum  Pk. 

riNKISH   rUFFBALL 

rL.\TE   114,   FIG.    1-6. 

Gregarious  or  cespitose;  peridium  6-12  lines  b^-oad,  globose  or 
subglobose,  sessile,  the  surface  covered  with  small  close  subpyramidal 
granular  or  spiny  warts  which  in  the  mature  plant  fall,  leaving 
minute  pits  in  the  surface  of  the  inner  peridium,  pinkish  brown; 
capillitium  and  spores  olivaceous;  spores  globose,  .oooi(S-.ooo2  of  an 
inch  broad. 

The  pinkish  pufifball  is  found  in  v;cods,  growing  on  decaying 
wood,  stumps,  and  prostrate  trunks  of  trees  and  may  be  found 
from  July  to  September.  It  is  peculiar  to  this  country.  It  rarely 
exceeds  one  inch  in  diameter  and  except  when  growing  in  dense 
clusters  it  is  quite  regularly  globose  and  either  sessile  or  with  a  very 
short  sterile  base.  It  is  easily  distinguished  by  its  dull  pinkish  brown 
color  and  sessile  peridium  while  immature,  and  by  the  grayish 
minutely  pitted  inner  peridium  of  the  mature  or  old  plants.  It  is 
well  to  remove  the  exterior  peridium  before  cooking.  The  texture 
is  a  little  tough  and  the  flesh  is  not  highly  flavored,  but  when  fried 
in  butter  it  is  agreeable  to  the  taste,  digestible  and  harmless.  No 
pufifball  should  be  eaten  after  its  flesh  has  lost  its  white  color. 

Lycoperdon  gemmatum  T'.atsch 
STUDDED    PUFFBALL 

I'[,ATK   114,  FIG.  7-15 

Scattered,  gregarious  or  cespitose;  peridium  10-20  lines  broad, 
globose,  depressed  globose  or  obovate,  obtuse  or  umbonate,  generally 


136  NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

abruptly  narrowed  below  into  a  more  or  less  stemlike  base,  the  sur- 
face covered  with  warts  of  unequal  size,  the  larger  ones  solid,  conic 
or  pyramidal,  bluntly  pointed,  early  deciduous,  intermingled  with 
smaller  granular  and  more  persistent  ones,  where  falling  leaving 
small  pale  dotlike  spots  on  the  inner  peridium,  about  which  the 
smaller  warts  form  rows  of  minute  dots,  white,  whitish,  grayish  or 
brownish,  the  apex  or  umbo  sometimes  more  highly  colored  than 
the  rest,  the  old  denuded  peridium  grayish,  brownish  or  cinereous, 
often  retaining  the  dotlike  spots  for  a  long  time ;  capillitium  and 
spores  olivaceous;  spores  globose,  .00016  of  an  inch  broad. 

The  studded  pufifball  grows  on  the  ground  and  on  decaying  wood, 
in  woods,  groves  and  open  places  and  may  be  found  from  June  to 
October.  It  is  a  common  and  a  very  variable  species.  It  is  readily 
distinguished  from  all  our  other  species  by  the  peculiar  character  of 
its  larger  gcmlike  warts  and  the  pale  dots  they  leave  on  the  inner 
peridium  when  they  have  fallen.  The  anastomosing  rows  of  the 
smaller  warts  often  give  a  reticulate  appearance  to  the  surface.  The 
stemlikc  sterile  base  is  sometimes  cylindrical  an<l  nearly  cc|ual  in 
diameter  to  the  diameter  of  the  peridium,  sometimes  it  is  much 
more  narrow  and  again  it  may  gradually  taper  downward.  In  some 
cases  it  is  very  ?hort  or  wanting,  in  others  it  exceeds  the  peridium 
in  length.  In  large  specimens  it  may  be  coarsely  pitted  at  the  top 
or  plicately  grooved,  the  grooves  often  extending  upward  an<l  form- 
ing plications  on  the  base  of  the  peridium.  In  some  specimens  both 
the  grooves  anrl  pits  occur.  The  larger  warts  are  usually  more 
numerous  and  conspicuous  on  the  upper  half  of  the  peridium  and 
are  smaller  ami  more  scattered  toward  tlie  base.  Sometimes  they 
arc  tipped  with  l.'lack  or  brown,  and  in  some  specimens  they  are 
more  closely  placed  than  in  others. 

The  outer  coat  should  lie  removed  before  cooking,  in  the  raw 
state  the  taste  is  disagreeable,  but  cooking  destroys  this  and  makes 
a  very  palatable  dish  of  this  commr)n  pufTball. 

Clitocybe  subcyathiformis  n.  sp. 

SAIKM'.R  Cr.ITC^CVI'.l'. 

ri.AiK  1 10,  fk;.  I   6 

1 'ileus  (Icshy  but  thin,  broadly  convex  or  nearly  plane  becdining 

centrally    (lcprcsse<l,   glal)rous,   hygrophanous,    watery    white   when 


REPORT  OF  THE  STATE  BOTANIST  I907  1 37 

moist  and  often  obscurely  striatulate  on  the  thin  soon  spreading 
margin,  white  when  dry,  sometimes  slightly  colored  in  the  center, 
flesh  white,  taste  mild ;  lamellae  thin,  moderately  close,  adnate  or 
slightly  decurrent,  white  or  whitish ;  stem  equal  or  slightly  tapering 
upward,  stuffed,  fibrillose-reticulate,  whitish,  often  with  a  whitish 
niycelioid  tomentum  at  the  base ;  spores  elliptic,  .00024-.0003  of  an 
inch  long,  .00016-.0002  broad. 

The  saucer  clitocybe  is  gregarious  and  grows  among  fallen  leaves 
under  alders  and  white  birches,  and  occurs  late  in  the  season.  Its 
cap  is  1-2  inches  broad;  its  stem  1-1.5  inches  long  and  2-4  lines 
thick.  It  is  generally  white  throughout.  In  the  character  of  the 
stem  the  species  is  related  to  the  cup  shaped  clitocybe,  C.  c  y  a  t  h  i  - 
f  o  r  m  i  s  Fr.,  but  in  its  white  color,  in  its  thin  quickly  expanding 
margin,  and  closer  gills  it  is  more  closely  related  to  C.  d  e  a  1  b  a  t  a 
Sow.  The  central  depression  of  the  cap  is  partly  due  to  the  eleva- 
tion of  the  thin  margin.  The  upper  surface  of  the  cap  is  therefore 
concave  or  saucer  shaped  and  does  not  .become  funnel  form.  The 
margin  is  sometimes  wavy  or  irregular.  The  small  size  and  rarity 
of  the  species  detracts  from  its  importance  as  an  edible  species,  but 
its  agreeable  flavor  and  harmless  character  make  it  worthy  of  a  place 
in  our  list  of  edible  species. 

Collybia  dryophila   (Bull.)   Fr. 

OAK  LOVING  COLLYBIA 

PLATE  III,  FIG.   I-II 

Pileus  thin,  convex  or  nearly  plane,  sometimes  depressed  in  the 
center  with  the  margin  elevated  and  often  wavy  or  irregular, 
glabrous,  obtuse,  variable  in  color,  pale  alutaceous,  yellowish,  dark 
tan  or  chestnut,  flesh  white;  lamellae  thin,  close,  narrow,  rounded 
behind,  slightly  adnexed  or  nearly  free,  white  or  whitish,  rarely 
tinged  with  yellow ;  stem  equal,  thickened  toward  the  base  or  bulb- 
ous, glabrous,  hollow,  commonly  colored  like  the  pileus ;  spores 
elliptic,  .00024-0003  of  an  inch  long,  .00012-.OOO16  broad. 

The  oak  loving  collybia  is  one  of  our  most  common  mushrooms. 
It  occurs  in  woods,  groves,  open  places  and  pastures  and  appears  at 
any  time  from  early  spring  to  late  autumn,  when  there  is  a  sufificient 
degree  of  warmth  and  moisture.  A  favorite  place  of  growth  for 
it  is  among  fallen  pine  leaves  or  under  pine  trees.  It  also  grows 
on  decaying  wood.  It  may  be  solitary,  gregarious  or  tufted.  In 
dense  tufts  the  caps  are  usually  very  irregular  on  account  of  mutual 


138  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

pressure.  They  are  1-3  inches  l)roa(l.  the  stem  1-3  inches  long 
and  1-3  lines  thick.  The  flesh  is  sliglitiy  tough  but  agreeable  to  the 
ta.ste  and  perfectly  harmless. 

Russula  pusilla    I'k. 
SMALL  RUSSUL.\ 
PL.\TE  1 10,  ric.  7-14 

IMleus  very  thin,  convex  or  nearly  plane,  sometimes  slightly  or 
umbilicately  depressed  in  the  center,  glabrous,  even  or  slightly  striate 
on  the  margin,  red.  often  darker  in  the  center,  flesh  white,  taste 
mill :  lamellae  broad,  moderately  close,  subventricose.  adnate  or 
slightly  rounded  behind,  white  becoming  yellowish  ochraceous  or 
ochraceous  bull  with  age  or  in  drying;  stem  stout,  solid  or  spongy 
within,  soft,  wdiite ;  spores  globose,  slightly  tinged  with  yellow, 
.0003  of  an  inch  broad. 

The  small  russula  is  not  common  l)Ut  it  sometimes  occurs  in 
considerable  quantity  and  ma\-  l)e  found  from  July  to  (  )ctol)cr.  In 
the  typical  form  the  ca])  is  less  than  an  inch  broad  and  the  stem 
less  than  an  inch  long,  but  in  sjiecimens  sent  me  by  an  esteemed 
correspondent  and  enthusiastic  mycologist.  Mr  K.  15.  Sterling,  the 
caps  range  from  3  lines  to  2  inches  broad,  but  the  stem  is  in  no  case 
more  than  an  inch  long.  The  color  of  the  caps  is  dark  red  or  crim- 
son, usually  darker  or  brownish  in  the  center.  The  coloring  matter 
is  soluble  in  water.  If  the  plants  are  washed  in  water,  the  water 
becomes  red,  if  stewed  in  milk  without  ])revious  washing  the  milk 
becomes  reel,  but  this  does  not  detract  from  the  llaxor  and  edil)ilily 
of  the  mushroom.  The  pellicle  of  iIk-  pileus  i>  separable  and  when 
wet,  appears  to  be  viscid,  but  in  the  growing  coinhtion  of  the  mn--h- 
room  the  viscidity  is  not  ap])arent.  'Ihe  plants  grow  on  the  bare 
soil  or  among  short  grass  under  ])ine  trees.  .Mr  .Sterling  wrilis 
concerning  them  that  they  have  been  very  abundant  between  (  )cto- 
ber  2  and  October  11  and  that  on  the  afternoon  of  the  latter  date 
under  two  ])ine  trees  he  collected  for  the  table  120  speciiuens.  He 
sa\s  "  I  consider  them  without  doubt  the  best  of  the  Russula  family 
for  eating.  'I'liey  taste  good  raw  and  when  frii-d  in  butter,  flavored 
and  served  hot.  are  delicious."  Tludugh  his  kindness  T  have  ha<I 
the  opportunity  of  testing  thi-  e-Hbility  of  Ibis  rare  Hllle  nntshroom 
and  have  no  heHtalion  in  pl.ieing  it  in  the  list  of  our  excellent 
e.lible   spveies. 


REPORT    OF    TIIR    STATI-:    liOTAXIST    1907  1 39 

Crepidotus  malachius   B.  &  C. 

SOI-'I"    SKIXXI'.n   CkRPIDO'l'US 
I'LATK    112,    FIG.    I -4 

Pilcus  fleshy,  tliin  on  tlie  margin,  thicker  at  the  base,  reniform, 
orbicular,  cuneatc  or  llal)ellate,  convex  or  nearly  plane,  sometimes 
depressed  behind,  sessile  or  with  a  very  short  inconspicuous  white 
tomentose  stem,  glabrous  or  slightly  tomentose  at  the  base, 
hygroi)hanous,  watery  white  or  grayish  white  and  striatulate  on  the 
thin  margin  when  moist,  white  when  dry,  flesh  white ;  lamellae  thin, 
close,  rounded  behind,  white  or  whitish  becoming  brownish  ferru- 
ginous ;  spores  globose,  .00025-0003  of  an  inch  broad. 

The  soft-skinned  crepidotus  is  a  common  species  and  grows  on 
damp  decaying  wood  in  woods  or  shaded  places.  Much  decayed 
prostrate  mossy  trunks  of  trees  constitute  a  favorite  habitat  for  it. 
It  may  be  scattered,  gregarious  or  imbricated  in  its  mode  of  growth. 
It  occurs  from  June  to  September.  The  cap  is  1-2.5  inches  broad 
and  is  sessile,  or  if  it  has  a  stem  this  is  so  short  that  the  cap  appears 
from  above  to  be  sessile.  In  wet  weather  or  after  rain  it  has  a 
water  soaked  apjjearance  and  slight  shadowy  striations  on  the 
margin.  As  the  moisture  escapes,  the  cap  becomes  a  clearer  white 
and  the  striations  disappear.  The  moisture  disappears  from  the 
thickest  part  of  the  cap  first,  the  thinnest  part  last.  The  species  may 
be  separated  from  our  other  white  and  closely  allied  forms  by  its 
more  glabrous  cap  and  globose  spores. 

Stropharia  bilamellata  Pk. 

DOUBLE    GILLED    STROPHARLV 

I'L.xTi:  1 12,  FIG.  5-10 

I'ileus  fleshy,  convex,  becoming  nearly  j^lane  in  large  plants,  even, 

obtuse,  glabrous,  whitish   or   yellowish,  flesh  white;  lamellae  thin, 

close,  adnate,  purplish  brown  in  the  mature  plant ;  stem  commonly 

short,  solid,  sometimes  hollow  in  large  plants,  white,  annulate,  the 

annulus  thick,  white,  with  lamellae  on  the  upper  surface ;   spores 

elliptic,  .0004-.0005  of  an  inch  long.  0002-.0003  broad. 

The  double  gilled  stropharia  is  a  rare  species  of  which  the  first 
specimens  received  were  collected  in  California.  A  second  collec- 
tion, of  which  samples  were  received,  was  made  in  Washington, 
D.  C.  and  a  third  which  enabled  me  to  test  its  edibilitv  was  received 


140  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

from  Newark,  ^\"ayne  co.  where  it  was  found  growing  in  a  culti- 
vated field. 

The  species  is  well  marked  by  the  peculiar  character  of  its  collar. 
On  the  upper  surface  are  miniature  gills  which  radiate  from  the 
stem  to  the  margin  of  the  collar.  These  are  narrow,  white  and  un- 
even or  dentate  on  the  margin.  They  are  sometimes  stained  by  the 
spores,  but  these  have  probably  fallen  from  the  true  gills  above.  In 
some  instances  the  inner  extremity  of  the  false  gills  extends  upward 
on  the  stem  and  appears  to  connect  with  the  gills  above.  This  pecu- 
liar character  of  the  collar  seems  to  be  shown  in  Stropharia 
coronilla  (Bull.)  Fr.  and  forcibly  suggests  the  thought  that 
our  plant  is  specifically  the  same  as  the  European.  The  two  cor- 
respond in  several  other  characters  and  were  there  not  several  dis- 
crepancies between  the  American  plant  and  the  description  of  the 
European  there  could  be  no  doubt  of  their  specific  unity.  The  fol- 
lowing comparison  shows  the  dififerences. 


AMERICAN 

EUROPEAN 

Pileus 

white  or  yellowish 

Tawnj,  ochraceous 

Stem 

solid  or  hollow,  equal, 
or  tapering  upward 

Stuffed,  tapering  downward 

Collar 

broad,  white,   gills  on 

Narrow  with  radiating  violaceous 

the  upper  surface 

striae  or  upper  surface  sulcate 
plicate 

Gills 

without  cystidia 

With  cystidia 

Spores 

10-12  //.  X  6-8  // 

10  //,  X  5  n 

On  account  of  these  dififerences  it  has  seemed  best  to  consider 
our  plant  distinct  from  the  European,  though  it  must  be  acknowl- 
edged that  the  siinilarity  in  the  peculiar  and  unusual  character  of 
the  gills  almost  outweighs  the  discrepancies  between  oin-  plant  and 
the  descriptions  of  the  European. 

The  cap  is  white  or  yellowish,  glabrous,  obtuse,  the  flesh  is  white 
and  our  ]>lant,  like  the  ]un-o])ean,  has  a  peculiar  or  radishlike  od^r 
The  mature  gills  arc  purplish  brown  with  a  white  c<\gQ.  The  stem 
is  commonly  solid,  but  in  large  or  old  specimens  it  is  sometimes 
clearly  hollow.     It  is  equal  in  diameter  or  tapering  ujnvard. 

Boletus  niveus  Fr. 

.SXOWV   I'.OLETUS 

I'F.ATK    113,    FJG.    1-5 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  becoming  broaflly  convex  or  nearly  plane, 
glabrous,  white  or  grayish  white,  flesh  white;  tubes  nearly  plane  in 


RFiPORT    OK    THE   STATE   BOTANIST    I907  I4I 

the  mass,  bcconiing  convex  with  age,  depressed  around  the  stem, 
their  mouths  minute,  whitish  when  young,  becoming  brownish  with 
age ;  stems  long,  rather  slender,  equal  or  tapering  upward,  solid, 
scurfy  or  appressed  scaly,  grayish ;  spores  oblong- fusiform,  .0005- 
.0008  of  an  inch  long,  .0002-.00024  broad. 

The  snowy  boletus  is  so  closely  related  to  the  scabrous  stemmed 
boletus  that  it  is  treated  as  a  variety  of  it  in  H  y  m  en  0  m  y  c  et  e  s 
E  ur  0  p  e  a  c  .  But  it  has  recently  been  raised  again  to  specific 
rank.  It  differs  from  the  scabrous  stemmed  boletus  not  only  in  the 
color  of  its  cap  but  also  in  its  smaller  tube  mouths  and  in  the  char- 
acter of  its  stem  which  lacks  the  fibrous  black  or  reddish  points 
which  so  distinctly  mark  B.  s  c  a  b  e  r  .  Sometimes  the  whitish  cap 
becomes  tinged  with  green  or  bluish  green,  specially  on  the  margin. 
The  species  is  rare,  having  been  observed  and  collected  by  the  writer 
twice  only,  and  both  times  in  one  locality.  It  occurs  in  August  and 
is  gregarious  in  its  mode  of  growth.  Its  cap  is  2-4  inches  broad, 
its  stem  3-5  inches  long  and  3-6  lines  thick.  Its  edible  qualities  are 
similar  to  those  of  the  scabrous  stemmed  boletus. 

NEW  YORK  SPECIES  OF  PHOLIOTA 
Pholiota  Fr. 

The  genus  Pholiota  belongs  to  the  series  Ochrosporae  which  is 
characterized  by  spores  of  an  ochraceous  or  subferruginous  color. 
It  is  not  in  all  cases  sharply  limited  from  allied  genera  because  of 
the  varying  character  of  some  of  its  species.  It  corresponds  in 
structure  to  Armillaria  in  the  white  spored  series  and  Stropharia  in 
the  brown  spored  series.  In  the  group  Phaeotae  of  the  terrestrial 
species  the  spores  are  brown  enough  to  cause  some  difficulty  in 
deciding  whether  a  given  species  should  be  placed  in  Pholiota  or 
Stropharia.  The  variability  in  the  development  of  the  veil  may  also 
cause  some  perplexity.  Species  in  which  the  veil  is  but  slightly 
developed  and  very  fugacious  are  liable  to  be  referred  to  the  genus 
Flammula  or  Naucoria.  In  Pholiota  ornella  Pk.  the 
remains  of  the  slight  veil  arc  so  conspicuously  adherent  to  the 
margin  of  the  pileus  as  to  suggest  a  reference  to  the  genus 
Hypholoma  unless  the  spore  color  is  carefully  noted.  The  promi- 
nent characters  of  the  genus  are : 

Hymenophorum  continuous  with  the  stem ;  lamellae  attached  to 
the  stem;  stem  annulate. 

Some  of  the  species  grow  on  the  ground,  but  the  greater  number 
grow  on  dead  or  decaying  wood. 


142  NEW    YORK    STATE    Ml^SEUM 

KEY   TO   THE   SPECIES 

Plants  terrestrial i 

Plants  lignatile i  -^ 

Plants  growing  on  or  among  mosses minima 

I   Spores   ferrnginous   2 

I   Spores    f uscof erruginous    5 

2  Pileus  2  inches  or  more  broad caperata 

2  Pileus  less  than   2  inches   broad 3 

3  Pileus   hygrophanous    .  .    rugosa 

3  Pileus    not    hygrophanous 4 

4  Pileus  slightly  striate  on   the  margin filaris 

4  Pileus   even   on    the   margin togularis 

5  Pileus  squamulose    angustipes 

5  Pileus  glabrous    (' 

6  Pileus    viscid    when    moist aggericola 

6  Pileus    not    viscid 7 

7  Pileus   subochraccous    i^ 

7  Pileus    not    suliochraceous 9 

8  Annulus   persistent,    lamellae    very   broad temndjjhylla 

8  Annulus   fugacious,   lamellae   narrow howeana 

9  Stem  solid   johnsoniana 

9  stem  hollow  10 

10  Pileus    white,    commonly    rimose    areolatc vermillua 

10  Pileus   not  pure   white,   commonly   even T  i 

II   Spores  more  than  .0003  of  an  inch  long praecox 

II   Spores  less  than  .0003  of  an  inch  long duroides 

12  Pileus  and  stem  squamose  or  squamulose 13 

12  Pileus   alone   squamose   or   squamulose i«S 

12  Pileus    neither   squamose   nor    stiuamulose 21 

13  Pileus    viscid    when    moist 14 

13  Pileus     not    viscid 16 

14  Pileus   with    red    or   i)ur])le   hues    when    young oruella 

14  Pileus  with   no  red  or  purple   hues 13 

15  Pileus   brown    or    yellowish    brown alboorenulata 

15   Pileus    bright    yellow adiposa 

15   Pileus    lemon    yellow linionella 

15   Pileus  whitish   with   dense   tawny   erect   scales s(|uarrosoides 

16  ] 'ileus   more   than    I    inch   broad 17 

\(>  I'ileus  not  more  than    i    inch   broad erinaceella 

17   Pileus    with    s<|uarrosc    tawny   scales sipiarrosa 

17  Pileus   with   sujierficial   ])alc   yellow   scales (lammaiis 

18  Pileus   viscid    when    moist comosa 

18   Pileus   not   viscid 19 

19    Annulus    well    developed,    persistent si)ectabilis 

19    Annulus    slight,    fugacious 20 

20    Stem     hollow curvii)es 

20  Stem    solid    " Iule<)foli;i 

21     Pileus    dry lutea 

21     Pileus     hygrr.|)liaiious --2 


Ri-;i'()Kr  ()|-   iiii-:  statk  p.otanist  1907  143 

2J  Pilous  more  than  2  inches  broad 23 

22  Pileus  not  more  than  2  inches  broad 2^ 

23   Pileus  when  dry  cinnamon  or  ferruginous ccrasina 

23   Pileus   when   dry   yellow accricola 

24  Pileus   viscid   when   moist discolor 

24  Pileus    not    viscid 25 

25  Pileus    yellow    when    dry autumnalia 

25   Pileus    tawny   when   dry confragosa 

25   Pileus   whitish   or   yellowish   buff  when   dry marginella 

TERRKSTRIAL. 

Spores  ferruginous 

Pholiota  minima  Pk. 

SMALLEST   PHOLIOTA 

Pileus  membranous,  hemispheric  or  campanulalc,  umbonate, 
glabrous,  hygrophanons,  brown  and  striatulate  on  the  margin  when 
moist,  pale  buff  or  yellowish  white  when  dry ;  lamellae  rather  close 
subventricose,  achiexed,  ferruginous ;  stem  slender,  glabrous,  solid, 
shining,  similar  to  the  pileus  in  color,  annulus  near  the  middle,  slight, 
evanescent;  spores  elliptic,  .0003  of  an  inch  long,  .0002  broad. 

Pileus  2-4  lines  broad;  stem  8-12  lines  long,  .25  line  thick. 

Among  hair  cap  mosses,  Polytrichum.  Catskill  mountains.  Sep- 
tember. An  extremely  small  species  and  a  very  rare  one.  It  was 
discovered  20  years  ago  and  has  not  been  found  since.  It  is 
separable  from  Pholiota  m  y  c  e  n  o  i  d  e  s  Fr.  by  its  smaller 
size,  paler  color,  umbonate  pileus  and  solid  stem.  The  umbonate 
pileus  also  separates  it  from    P.   p  u  m  i  1  a   Fr. 

Pholiota  caperata   (Pers.)    Fr. 
WRINKLED   PHOLIOTA 

State  Mus.  Rcp't  54.     P.1S2,  pi. 73,  rig.1-5. 

Pileus  fleshy,  firm,  thin  toward  the  margin,  ovate  becoming 
broadly  campanulate  or  convex,  obtuse,  glabrous  or  often  whitened 
in  the  center  by  whitish  flocci  or  silky  fibrils,  generally  more  or  less 
wrinkled,  yellow,  flesh  white ;  lamellae  moderately  close,  adnate, 
often  uneven  on  the  edge,  whitish  becoming  ferruginous ;  stem  equal, 
solid,  stout,  som.etimes  bulbous,  glabrous  or  slightly  floccose,  white 
or  whitish,  the  membranous  annulus  white,  thick  on  the  edge ;  spores 
subelliptic,  .0005-.0006  of  an  inch  long,  .00025-0003  broad. 

Pileus  2-4  inches  broad ;  stem  2-5  inches  long,  5-10  line'    .'hick. 


144  ^'1^^^'    VtlRK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Scattered  or  somewhat  gregarious,  in  woods,  mossy  swamps  and 
open  places.     July  to  October.     Common.     Edible. 

This  is  a  fine  large  pholiota  easily  recognized  by  its  peculiar 
wrinkled  pileus  and  the  wdiite  pruinosity  or  floccose  covering  of  the 
center  of  the  pileus.  Sometimes,  however,  specimens  may  occur  in 
which  neither  the  wrinkles  nor  tne  llocci  are  i)rescnt.  Occasionally 
there  is  the  semblance  of  a  volva  at  the  base  of  the  stem.  The 
annulus  is  usually  well  developed,  white  and  i)ersistent. 


Pholiota  rugosa   Pk. 

RUGOSE   PHOLIOTA 

Pileus  thin,  broadly  conic  or  campanulate  bec(Mning  expanded  and 
often  umbonate,  hygrophanous,  yellowish  red  or  ferruginous  and 
striatulate  on  the  margin  when  moist,  pale  yellow  or  bufif  and  com- 
monly rugose  when  dry ;  lamellae  close,  adnexed,  minutely  denti- 
culate on  the  edge,  yellowish  white  becoming  ferruginous  or 
brownish  ferruginous,  the  interspaces  venose ;  stem  equal  or  slightly 
thickened  toward  the  base,  straight  or  flexuous,  hollow,  fibrillosc  or 
squamulose  below  the  annulus,  pruinose  or  mealy  al)i>ve.  pallid,  tlu' 
annulus  membranous,  with  railiating  ridges  or  slriations  on  the  upper 
surface,  white;  spores  .0004-.0005  of  an  inch  long,  .(xx)J4 -.00028 
broad. 

Pileus  r>-i2  lines  broafl ;  stem  1-2  inches  long,  1-2  lines  thick. 

Ground  and  among  decaying  chi])S.  Adiroiid.'ick  region.  Sep- 
tember. 'Hie  sjK-cies  is  closely  related  to  I'  li  o  1  i  o  I  a  f  o  g  u  1  a  r  i  s 
(P.ull.)  Fr.  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  hygro])hanons  i)ilens, 
the  adnexed  lamellae  and  the  peculiar  sirialions  of  the  annulus. 


Pholiota  f^laris   (Vr.)    I'k. 
Tiiici'.Ai)  .s'ii:m  i'ik  )I.I()'ia 

Pileus  subme;n])ran'>us,  eamiiaiudale  bt'Coniing  broadly  eon\e\  or 
nearly  plane,  (.btuse.  e\en,  but  slightly  striate  on  tiie  margin, 
ochraccous  ;  lamellae  lliin.  close,  adnate,  venlricose.  yellow  becoming 
.pale  ferruginous;  stem  filiform,  lU'xuous,  glabrous,  pallid,  the 
annulus  well  flcvelopcd,  distant,  white;  spctres  .0003  of  an  inch  long, 
.0002  broad. 

Pileus  4-6  lines  broad;  stem  1-2  inches  long,  scarcely  half  a  line 
thick. 


REPORT    OF    TIIK    STATK    I'.OTAXIST    I907  I45 

Woods  and  open  places.  Adirondack  and  Catskill  mountains. 
August.  This  is  closely  related  to  the  next  following  species,  with 
which  it  was  united  as  a  variety  by  the  illustrious  Fries.  It  may 
be  separated  by  its  smaller  size,  and  the  slightly  striate  margin  of 
the  pilcus. 

Pholiota   togularis    (Bull.)    Fr. 

LITTLE  CLOAK  PHOLIOTA 

Pileus  thin,  campanulate  becoming  nearly  plane,  orbicular,  obtuse, 
glabrous,  even,  rot  striate  on  the  margin,  pale  ochraceous ;  lamellae 
thin,  close,  adnate,  ventricose,  yellow  becoming  pale  ferruginous; 
stem  equal,  hollow,  slender,  fibrillose,  yellow  at  the  top,  brownish 
toward  the  base ;  spores  .0003  of  an  inch  long.  0002  broad. 

Pileus  10-15  lines  broad;  stem  2-3  inches  long,  1-2  lines  thick. 

Ground  in  woods.  Adirondack  mountains.  August.  This  and 
the  two  preceding  species  may  yet  be  found  to  be  varieties  of  one 
very  variable  species.  They  are  closely  allied  to  each  other  but  may 
be  distinguished  by  the  characters  given. 

Spores  fusco-fcrruginons 

Pholiota  angustipes  Pk. 

NARROW  STEM  PHOLIOTA 

Pileus  fleshy,  henn'spheric  becoming  convex  or  nearly  plane, 
slightly  viscid  when  moist,  sqnamulosc  with  minute  dotlike  appressed 
scales,  brown  or  grayish  brown  becoming  ochraceous  brown  or  sub- 
alutaceous,  flesh  whitish,  taste  unpleasant;  lamellae  thin,  close, 
sinuate,  whitish  or  creamy  yellow  becoming  tawny  brown;  stem 
equal  or  tapering  downward,  flexuous,  stuffed  or  hollow,  squamose, 
whitish  or  cin'ercous;  spores  naviculoid,  .0003  of  an  inch  long, 
.00016-.0002  broad. 

Pileus  1-2.5  '"ches  broad;  stem  1.5-3  inches  long,  2-3  lines  thick. 

Cespitose.  In  pastures,  commonly  near  or  around  old  stumps. 
Otsego  and  Albany  counties.     July  to  October. 

This  species  is  related  to  the  European  Pholiota  terrigena 
Fr.  and  Pholiota  pu  net  u  lata  Kalchb.  but  from  both  it 
differs  in  the  darker  color  of  the  pileus  and  in  its  slight  viscidity. 
By  reason  of  its  densely  tufted  mode  of  growth  the  caps  are  often 
closely  crowded  and  irregular. 


146  NEW   YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Pholiota  aggericola  Pk. 

BROWN    PHOLIOTA 

Pileus  tle.-hy.  convex  becoming  nearly  plane  or  slightly  depressed 
in  the  center  by  the  upcurving  of  the  margin,  glabrous,  viscid  when 
moist  and  slightly  striatulate  on  the  margin,  brown  or  blackish 
brown,  sometimes  darker  in  the  center ;  lamellae  siibdistant,  sinuate, 
decurrent  with  a  tooth,  pallid  or  grayish  becoming  rusty  brown ; 
stem  equal  or  slightly  tapering  upward,  fibrous,  solid,  colored  like 
or  a  little  paler  than  the  pileus,  whitish  above  the  membranous 
annulus ;  spores  elliptic,  .0004-.0005  of  an  inch  long,  .00024  broad. 

Pileus  1-2  inches  broad;  stem  1.5-3  iiiches  long,  2-4  lines  thick. 

llanks  by  roadsides  and  among  fallen  leaves  in  woods.  Albany 
county  and  Adirondack  mountains.,  July  to  October.  The  pileus 
sometimes  fade^  to  a  rusty  brown  hue. 

P  .  a  g  g  e  r  i  c  o  1  a  r  c  t  i  r  u  g  i  s  1  'k.  Pileus  rugosely  reticu- 
lated. 

Pholiota  i  n  (1  e  c  e  n  s  Pk.  is  probably  not  distinct  from  this 
sj)ecies.  it  difife'ing  in  its  dry  pileus.  This  possibly  was  due  to  its 
being  collected  in  a  dry  time.     It  has  been  collected  but  once. 

Pholiota  temnophylla   I'k. 
CUT    GII.LI'I)    I'llol.IOTA 

Pileus  fleshy,  hemispheric  becoming  coiurx,  smooth,  ochraccous 
yellow  :  lamella'  ver_\-  broad,  adnexed.  ol)li(|Uely  Irniicate  at  the  inner 
e.xtremilv,  bro\vnisli  ferruginous;  ^lenl  c'(|ual,  glabrous,  hollow, 
white,  tlu'  annulus  well  <le\elopt'd.  membranous,  white;  spores 
brownish  ferruginous,  broadly  elliptic.  .(km)4-.(kki5  of  an  inch  long, 
.oo<)3-.cxx)35  br((ad. 

Pileus  1-2  inches  broad;  stem  2-4  inches  long,  2-4  lines  thick. 

(irassy  ground  bv   roadsi'!es.      Rensselaer  county.     June. 

In  color  this  species  resembles  .\  a  u  c  o  r  i  a  semiorbicul- 
aris  (Pull.)  \'r.  but  its  .-mnnlus  at  once  separates  it  from  th.it. 
It  also  a])i)roaclies  I'holiota  praecox  fPers.)  I'r.  in  some 
respects,  but  its  largi-  size  and  [iccnliar  bro.id  j.inu'ljae  are  distin- 
guishing characters.      It   has  been   found  but  once. 


REPORT  OF  TIIK  STATE  KOTANIST  I907  I47 

Pholiota   howeana    Pk. 

HOWE    PHOLIOTA 

Pileus  convex  becoming  nearly  plane,  fragile,  smooth,  subumbo- 
nate,  yellowish,  sometimes  darker  in  the  center;  lamellae  thin,  close, 
rounded  behind,  eroded  on  the  edge,  whitish  becoming  ferruginous 
brown ;  stem  eq'ial  or  slightly  thickened  at  the  base,  glabrous,  hollow, 
colored  like  the  pileus ;  spores  .0003-.0004  of  an  inch  long,  .0002- 
.00024  broad. 

Pileus   1-3  inches  broad ;  stem  2-4  inches  long,  2-4  lines  thick. 

Ground  in  voods  and  bushy  places.  Adirondack  mountains, 
Albany  and  Sullivan  counties.  June,  July  and  August.  This 
species  was  formerly  referred  doubtfully  to  the  genus  Stropharia, 
but  it  now  seems  better  to  put  it  in  Pholiota. 

Pholiota  johnsoniana  Pk. 
JOHNSON    PHOLIOTA 

Pileus  fleshy,  soft,  brittle,  broadly  convex  or  nearly  plane,  glab- 
rous, thin  on  the  margin  and  sometimes  striatulate  when  moist, 
yellowish  in  the  center,  whitish  on  the  margin,  sometimes  wholly 
yellowish,  flesh  white,  flavor  agreeable ;  lamellae  thin,  close,  rounded 
behind,  slightly  adnexed,  whitish  becoming  rusty  brown;  stem  equal, 
glabrous,  solid,  slightly  striate  at  the  top,  the  annulus  thick,  white ; 
spores  brown  with  a  slight  ferruginous  tint,  .00024-.0003  of  an  inch 
long,  .00016-.0002  broad. 

Pileus  2-4  inches  broad;  stem  1.5-3  inches  long,  3-5  lines  thick. 

Grassy  ground  in  pastures.  Not  common.  Albany  and  Essex 
counties.     September. 

The  spores  of  this  species  have  such  a  decidedly  brown  hue  that 
the  species  was  thought  to  belong  to  the  genus  Stropharia.  But  in 
a  good  light  a  slight  rusty  tint  can  be  detected.  It  is  therefore 
placed  with  the  brownish  ferruginous  spored  species  of  Pholiota. 

Pholiota  vermiflua  Pk. 

WORMY   PHOLIOTA 

State  Mus.  Bui.  75.     p.32,  pl.86,  fig.12-20. 

Pileus  convex  or  nearly  plane,  glabrous  or  sometimes  floccose  on 
the  margin,  commonly  rimose  areolate,  specially  in  the  center,  white, 


148  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

sometimes  slighUy  tinged  with  yellow,  flesh  white;  lamellae  close, 
adnexed,  white  becoming  ferruginous  brown,  generally  minutely 
eroded  on  the  edge;  stem  equal,  hollow,  striate  at  the  top,  white, 
the  white  annulus  more  or  less  floccose  on  the  lower  surface,  lacer- 
ated, often  evanescent;  spores  .cxx)5  of  an  inch  long,  .ocx>3  broad. 

Pileus  2-4  inches  broad ;  stem  2-3  inches  long,  3-5  lines  thick. 

Rich  soil  in  grain  fields,  waste  places  and  about  manure  heaps. 
Albany,  Essex  and  Monroe  counties.  June,  Julv  and  August. 
Edible. 

From  the  early  pholiota,  to  which  it  is  related,  it  may  be  sep- 
arated by  its  larger  size,  thicker  flesh,  stouter  stem,  whiter  color 
and  by  the  greater  tendency  of  the  surface  of  the  pileus  to  crack 
into  areas. 

Pholiota  praecox  (Pers.)  Fr. 

EARLY   PHOLIOTA 

State  Mus.   Mem.  4.     p. 159,  pi. 57,  fig.1-5. 

Pileus  convex  or  nearly  plane,  soft,  glabrous,  whitish,  often  tinged 
with  yellow  or  tan  color,  flesh  white;  lamellae  thin,  close,  adnexed, 
whitish  becoming  brownish  or  rusty  brown ;  stem  slender,  equal, 
glabrous  or  slightly  mealy  when  young,  stuflfed  or  hollow,  whitish, 
the  annulus  white,  entire,  sometimes  fugacious ;  spores  .0004-.0005 
of  an  inch  long,  .00024-.0003  broad. 

Pileus  1-2  inches  broad;  stem  1.5-3  inches  long,  2-2.5  ''"^s  thick. 

Grassy  ground,  lawns,  etc.     C'onuuon.     May  to  July.     Edible. 

Pholiota  ])  r  a  c  c  o  x  m  i  n  o  r  (  Uatt.)  Pileus  scarcely  more 
than  I  inch  broad,  its  margin  appcndiculatc  with  the  remains  of  the 
veil,  annulus  generally  wanting.  Crass}-  ])laccs.  State  Mus.  Mem. 
4,  J).  ir,o,  pi. 57,  fig.  C*  ^. 

r  h  o  1  i  o  t  a  ])  r  a  c  c  o  .\  s  y  1  v  c  s  f  r  i  s  I  *k.  1  'ileus  convex, 
glabrous,  whitish,  brown  or  rusty  brown  in  the  center.  In  thin 
woods.     Stale  Mus.  Mmt.  4,  p.  160,  pi.  57,  fig.  (>   11. 

Pholiota  duroides  n.  sp. 

II.M^DI.SII     I'lloi.IO'j-A 

Pileus  thin,  convex  becoming  ne;irly  plane,  glabrons  or  slightly 
rimose  squamose  in  the  center,  varying  in  eolnr  fn. ni  creamy  white 
to  ochraceous  bull  either  wholly  or  in  the  eenli'r  only,  flesh  white, 
taste  mild;  lamellae  thin,  close,  narrow,  adnexed,  sometimes  broadly 


KKPORT    OK    TIIK    STATK    IJOTANIST    I907  I49 

sinuate  and  having  a  dccurrcnt  tooth,  whitish  becoming  brown  or 
rusty  brown ;  stem  equal  or  nearly  so,  stuffed  or  hollow,  glabrous, 
whitish,  the  annulus  thick  and  cottony,  often  lacerated  and  evanes- 
cent, white;  spores  broadly  elliptic,  .00024-.00028  of  an  inch  long, 
.00016-.0002  broad. 

rileus  1-2  inches  broad ;  stem  1-2  inches  long,  2-4  lines  thick. 

Rocky  ground  near  Syracuse.  August  and  September.  G.  E. 
Morris,  who  has  found  it  both  in  the  locality  given  and  in  Massa- 
chusetts. 

It  is  similar  to  P  h  o  1  i  o  t  a  dura  (Bolt.)  Fr.  but  may  be  sep- 
arated from  it  by  its  different  colors,  softer  substance  and  specially 
by  its  smaller  spores.  These  are  more  brown  than  the  spores  of 
Pholiota  praecox  Pers.  and  make  it  doubtful  whether  the 
species  would  not  better  be  placed  in  the  genus  Stropharia. 


LIGNATILE 

Pilcns  viscid  or  dry,  not  hygrophanoiis 
Pholiota  albocrenulata  Pk. 

CRENULATE  PHOLIOTA 

Pileus  fleshy,  firm,  convex  or  campanulate,  obtuse  or  umbonate, 
viscid,  squamose,  yellowish  brown,  the  scales  brown  or  blackish, 
floccose,  easily  separable;  lamellae  broad,  subdistant,  sinuate,  white 
crenulate  on  the  edge,  grayish  becoming  ferruginous ;  stem  firm, 
equal  or  slightly  tapering  upward,  stuffed  or  hollow,  squamose,  pallid 
or  brownish  below  the  slight  fugacious  annulus,  white  and  fur- 
furaceous  above ;  spores  subelliptic,  pointed  at  the  ends,  .0004-.0005 
of  an  inch  long,  .00024-.0003  broad. 

Pileus  1-3  inches  broad ;  stem  2-4  inches  long,  2-5  lines  thick. 

Rase  of  trees  or  on  prostrate  trunks  and  decaying  wood,  specially 
of  sugar  maple,  Acer  saccharum  L.  Essex  and  Otsego 
counties.     July  and  August. 

This  species  is  rare  and  somewhat  variable.  It  is  never  abundant 
and  often  solitary  in  its  mode  of  growth.  The  scales  of  the  pileus 
sometimes  disappear  leaving  the  surface  of  the  cap  mottled  with 
brown  spots.  Under  a  lens  the  Q:(\ge.  of  the  lamellae  appear  as  if 
beaded  with  minute  white  globtdes.  The  margin  of  the  pileus  is 
sometimes  adorned  by  the  adhering  fragments  of  the  veil. 


150  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

'Pholiota  adiposa  Fr. 

FAT    PHOLIOTA 
State  Mus.  Mem.  4.     p.   160.  pi.  ^7,  tig.   12-17. 

Pileus  fleshy,  nrm.  hemispheric  or  broadly  conic  becoming  convex, 
viscid  or  glutinous,  squamose,  yellow,  flesh  whitish ;  lamellae  close, 
adnate,  yellow  or  yellowish  becoming  ferruginous ;  stem  equal  or 
slightly  thickened  at  the  base,  solid  or  stuffed,  squamose,  yellow  or 
sometimes  reddish  or  tawny  toward  the  base,  the  annulus  slight, 
floccose,  fugacious ;  six)res  elliptic,  .0003  of  an  inch  long,  .0002  broad. 

Pileus  1-4  inches  broad ;  stem  2-4  inches  long,  3-6  lines  thick. 

Single  or  cespitose.  Stumps  and  dead  trunks  of  trees  in  or  near 
woods.     Not  rare.     September  to  November.     Edible. 

The  scales  of  the  pileus  are  easily  separable  and  sometimes  dis- 
appear with  age.  They  are  generally  more  highly  colored  than  the 
pileus.  The  annulus  is  often  absent  in  malin-c  s])ecimcns  and  by  no 
means  conspicur.us  in  young  ones.    • 

Pholiota  limonella  Pk. 
LEMON   COLORED   TllOLIOTA 

I 'ileus  thin,  convex  or  nearly  plane,  sometimes  tnubonate,  viscid, 
.stpianiose.  lemon  yellow;  lamellae  narrow,  close,  rounded  behind, 
adnexed,  whitish  becoming  ferrugincnis ;  stem  e(|nal.  solid,  scjuamose 
with  recurved  scales,  smrioth  above  the  lacerated  annulus,  colored 
like  or  a  little  paler  than  the  ])ileus  ;  spores  elliptic.  .0003-.00035  of 
an  inch  long,  .0002-.00024  broad. 

Pileus  1-2  inches  broad;  stem  1.5-2.5  inches  long,  2-3  lines  thick. 

Cespitose.  T'rostratc  trunks  of  beech,  F  a  g  u  s  a  ni  eric  a  n  a 
Sweet,  in  woods.  Delaware  comity.  September.  This  is  a  very 
beautiful  si)ecies  of  [)holiota.  but  it  is  as  rare  as  it  is  beautiful.  It 
has  been  found  luit  once.  Tt  is  easily  distinguished  from  its  allies 
bv  it^  bright  lemon  yellow  color. 

Pholiota  squarrosoides  Pk. 

.SHARP  SCALl'    PHOLIOTA 

Sl.ite    Mus.   Mem.   54.     p.    iS^,   pi.    7.1.    I'i«-   ''•  '.v 

Pileus  fleshy,  firm,  subglolK>se  when  young,  then  convex,  visci<l, 

s(|uamosc,  the  srales  terete,  erect,  pointed,  tawny,  densely  crowded 

in  the  center,  scattered  toward  the  margin,  there  revealing  the  whitish 


RErORT  OF  TITR  STATE  BOTANIST  I907  I5I 

color  of  the  pileus,  flesh  white;  lamellae  close,  sinuate,  whitish  be- 
coming brownish  ferruginous ;  stem  equal,  firm,  solid  or  stuffed, 
rough  with  numerous  recurved  tawny  scales  below  the  floccose  or 
lacerated  annulus,  smooth  and  white  above;  spores  elliptic,  .6002 
of  an  inch  long,  .00016  broad. 

Pileus  1-4  inches  broad ;  stem  2-4  inches  long,  3-5  lines  thick. 

Single  or  cespitose.  Old  stumps  and  prostrate  trunks  of  decid- 
uous trees.     Edible.     Of  excellent  flavor. 

P.  s  q  u  ar  r  o  s  o  i  d  e  s  faginca  Pk.  Plant  smaller  than  iii 
the  type  and  scales  more  scattered.  On  dead  trunks  of  beech, 
F  a  g  u  s   a  m  e  r  i  c  a  n  a  Sweet. 

The  sharp  scale  pholiota  may  be  distinguished  from  P  h  o  1  i  o  t  a 
squarrosa  jNIiill.  by  its  viscid  pileus,  its  compact,  erect,  pointed 
scales,  its  sinuate  lamellae  and  its  smaller  brownish  ferruginous 
spores. 

Pholiota  ornella  Pk. 
ORNATE    PHOLIOTA 

Agaricus  (Hypholoma)  ornollus  Pk.  State  ]\Ius.  Rep't  34.  p.  42. 
Pholiota   a  p  p  e  n  (I  i  c  u  1  a  t  a    Pk.    State  AIus.  Bui.  94.   p.33,  pi.  P,  iig.8-17. 

Pileus  fleshy,  firm,  convex  or  nearly  plane,  viscid  when  moist, 
shining,  scjuamose  with  appressed  spotlike  scales,  appendiculate  with 
fragments  of  the  veil,  dark  red  when  young,  soon  fading  to  pink, 
finally  becoming  yellowish  brown  or  grayish  brown,  flesh  at  first 
purplish  red,  specially  in  the  lower  part,  whitish  or  pale  yellow  when 
mature;  lamellae  thin,  close,  rounded  behind,  adnexed  or  decurrent 
with  a  tooth,  pale  yellow  or  almost  white  becoming  brownish  ferru- 
ginous; stem  short,  firm,  solid  or  with  a  small  cavity,  white  above, 
brownish  and  squamose  below  the  slight  fugacious  annulus,  white 
within,  the  veil  white  or  pale  yellow,  at  first  concealing  the  young 
lamellae,  soon  breaking  into  fragmeiits  and  adhering  partly  to  the 
margin  of  the  pileus  and  partly  to  the  stem ;  spores  .00024-.0003  of 
an  inch  long,  00016-.0002  broad. 

Pileus  1-3  inches  broad;  stem  1-1.5  inches  long,  2-4  lines  thick. 

Single  or  in  tufts.  Decaying  wood  and  sawdust.  Adirondack 
region,  Saratoga  and  Tompkins  counties.     July  to  October. 

This  is  a  rare  species  with  us  and  a  very  perplexing  one.  The 
annulus  in  its  best  development  consists  of  a  mere  circle  of  scales 
around  the  tapper  part  of  the  stem.  The  greater  part  of  the  veil 
usually  adheres  to  the  margin  of  the  ])ilcus.  The  species  has  some 
characters  suggestive  of  I' 1  a  m  ni  u  1  a  ])  o  1  y  c  h  r  o  a  I*)erk. 
from  which,  however,  it  may  be  separated  by  its  squamose  pileus 


152  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

without  any  iiiiibo,  its  more  fully  developed  and  white  or  yellowish 
veil  and  its  differently  colored  and  adnexed  lamellae.  From  the 
appendiculate  margin  it  was  referred  to  the  genus  Ilypholoma. 
Specimens  collected  later  and  having  a  better  developed  annulus 
were  described  as  a  Pholiota.  The  viscid  pileus  with  its  spotlike 
scales  and  appendiculate  margin  and  red,  pink  or  purplish  hues, 
fading  with  age  to  grayish  brown  or  yellow  brown,  are  characteristic 
of  the  species. 

Pholiota  erinaceella  Pk. 

P.RLSTLY     PHOLIOTA 
A  g  a  r  i  c  n  s    d  e  t  c  r  s  i  1)  i  li  s    Pk.   State  Mus.  Rcp't  28.     Bot.  cd.       p.  49. 

Pileus  thin,  hemispheric  or  convex,  dry,  densely  coated  with  small 
erect  sei)arable  pyramidal  or  spinelike  scales,  tawny  brown ;  lamellae 
broad,  close,  adnexed,  pallid  becoming  cinnamon  brown ;  stem  equal, 
stuffed  or  hollow,  densely  squamulose  below  the  slight  annulus,  often 
curved,  colored  like  the  pileus ;  spores  naviculoid,  .0003-.00035  of 
an  inch  long,  .C)OOi6-.ooo2  broad. 

Pileus  6-12  lines  broad;  stem  6-12  lines  long,  i  line  thick. 

Dead  and  decaying  trunks  of  deciduous  trees  in  woods.  Adiron- 
dack mountains,  Schoharie  and  Oneida  counties.  June  to  Sep- 
tember. 

The  small  soft  crtnvdcd  scales  of  the  pileus,  which  are  easily 
rubbed  away,  constitute  a  prominent  character  of  this  species.  The 
annulus  is  little  more  than  the  abrupt  termination  of  the  scaly  coat- 
ing of  the  stem.  The  name  inider  wliicli  tlie  species  was  first 
described  was  found  to  be  i^reoccupied.  This  made  it  necessary 
■  o  give  It  anotlier  name,  and  the  (jne  here  given  was  chosen. 

Pholiota  squarrosa   Aliill. 
SCAI.^-    PIloi.lo'J-A 

Pileus  lieshy,  (irni,  brijadly  conic  becoming  convex  or  nearly  ])lane, 
dry,  covered  will  tawny  squarrose  scales,  yellowish  or  yellowish 
brown  ;  laiucllae  narrow,  close,  adnate  or  slightly  deciuTcnt,  pallid 
becoming  ferruginous;  stem  etpial  or  nearly  so,  often  llexuous,  solid 
or  stuffed,  adorned  with  reciu'ved  scales,  palhd  or  tawny  hiv/wn; 
sjxjrcs  .0003  of  an  inch  l<ing,  .cK)f)ir)  broad. 

Pileus  1-3  inches  broad;  stem  t,-:,  inclu's  long,  3  5  liiu-s  thick. 

Prostrate  tnmk.s  of  trees  in  woods,  .\ilirondack  mounlaiiis  and 
Rensselaer  county.     August. 


KICl'OKT    OF    Till':    STATE    liOTANIST    UJOy  153 

A  variable  and  showy  species  growing  chiefly  in  dense  tufts.  The 
scales  of  the  pileiis  give  it  a  very  rough  ap[)earance,  specially  in  the 
young  plant, 

Pholiota  flammans   Fr. 

YELLOW    SCALE    PHOLIOTA 

Pileus  fleshy,  thin,  convex  becoming  nearly  plane,  dry,  sometimes 
umbonate,  yellow  or  tawny  yellow,  adorned  w^ith  paler  yellow  super- 
ficial scales,  flesh  yellowish;  lamellae  thin,  close,  rounded  behind, 
adnexed,  yellow  becoming  ferruginous ;  stem  equal,  straight  or 
flexuous,  squamulose,  stufifed  or  hollow,  yellow ;  spores  minute, 
elliptic,  .00016-.0002  of  an  inch  long,  .00012-.00015  broad. 

Pileus  1-2  inches  broad ;  stem  2-3  inches  lung,  2-3  lines  thick. 

Decaying  wood  and  prostrate  trunks  of  trees  in  woods.  Adiron- 
dack mountains.     August  and  September. 

The  yellow  scale  pholiota  is  one  of  our  most  beautiful  species. 
Its  deep  yellow  or  tawny  pileus  adorned  with  the  paler  sulfur 
colored  delicate  scales  is  an  attractive  sight.  The  plants  grow  singly 
or  in  tufts. 

Pholiota  comosa  Fr. 

HAIRY  PHOLIOTA 

Pileus  fleshy,  firm,  convex,'  obtuse,  viscid,  squamose  with  hairy 
or  floccose  superficial  separable  white  scales,  tawny,  flesh  compact, 
white;  lamellae  broad,  sHghtly  decurrent,  white  becoming  brownish 
clay  color ;  stem  somewhat  bulbous  at  first,  becoming  elongated  with 
age,  often  curved,  solid,  fibrillose,  whitish,  the  annulus  floccose, 
soon  disappearing ;  spores  brownish  ferruginous,  elliptic,  .0003-.0004 
of  an  inch  long,  .ooo2-.cx)024  broad. 

Pileus  3-4  inches  broad;  stem  2-4  inches  long,  6-12  lines  thick. 

Decaying  wood  of  deciduous  trees.     Monroe  county. 

The  hairy  pholiota  is  a  rare  species  in  our  State.  The  locality 
given  is  the  only  one  in  which  the  species  has  been  found  in  our 
limits.  It  is  doubtful  if  the  variety  alba  Pk.  [State  Miis.  Rcp't  38, 
p.  86]  belongs  to  it.  It  neither  agrees  in  color  nor  in  the  size  of 
the  spores  with  the  typical  form.  The  specimen  from  Pittsford, 
Monroe  co.  is  paler  than  the  European  plant  but  in  other  respects 
it  shows  the  specific  characters.  The  bulbous  base  of  the  stem 
is  a  prominent  and  peculiar  character,  tapering  gradually  into  the 
stem  above  and  having  an  abrupt  short  radicating  point  below. 


154  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

Pholiota  spectabilis   Fr. 
ORANGE    PIlOLIOrA.      SHOWY    PIIOLIOTA 

Pileus  fleshy,  compact,  convex  becoming  nearly  plane,  dry,  the 
cuticle  rupturing  and  forming  silky  or  fibrillose  scales,  yellow  or 
tawny  orange,  flesh  pale  yellow,  taste  bitter;  lamellae  close,  narrow, 
adnata  or  slightly  decurrent,  yellow  becoming  ferruginous ;  stem 
ventricose  or  slightly  thickened  downward,  solid,  slightly  radicating, 
l^eronate,  mealy  above  the  annulus.  fibrillose  toward  the  base;  spores 
elliptic,  .0008-.OOO9  of  an  inch  long.  .0002-00024  broad. 

Pileus  2-4  inches  broad  ;  stem  2-4  inches  long,  6-10  lines  thick. 

Single  or  ces])itose.  Decaying  wood  and  sluni])S.  Onccns  county. 
\'ery  rare. 

Pholiota  curvipes  Fr. 
CURVE   STEM    PHOLIOTA 

Pileus  fieshy  but  thin,  convex  becoming  nearly  ])lanc.  obtuse,  dry 
squamulo>c  with  minute  a])])ressed  lloccose  scales,  tawny  yellow; 
laiuellae  thin,  close,  adnale,  }ellow  becoming  tawn\' ;  stem  e(jual  or 
rarely  thickened  at  the  base,  slender,  commonly  curved,  stuffed  or 
hollow,  fiijrillose  with  a  slight  radiately  lloccose  annulus,  yellow; 
s])ores  naviculoid,  .0003-.0004  n\   an  inch  I'uig,  .ooc)2-.(X)024  broad. 

J'ileus  10-18  lines  broad;  stem  about  i  inch  long.  1-2  lines  thick. 

Decaynig  wood.  Adirondack  region  and  (  )neida  county.  July 
to  September. 

Our  sjKcimeus  vary  in  the  color  of  the  stem,  it  being  in  some 
cases  ferruginous  toward  the  base.  The  spores  also  are  a  little 
larger  than  the  dimension^  gi\-en  in  Sylhu/c,  but  the  general  agree- 
ment with  the  characiirs  (<i  the  species  is  so  good  that  it  does  not 
^(■(■m  li<-~i  Im  ^cp.-irale  our  plant. 

Pholiola  luteofolia    I'k. 

\  1:1. LOW    GILLI'.I)   PIKJLIOTA 

I'ileu^  lle^liy.  firm,  convex,  dry,  s(|uanndose,  fibrillose  on  the 
margin,  pale  red  or  yellowish;  lamellae  broad,  subdistant,  siiuiate, 
serrate  on  the  edge,  yellow  becoming  bright  ferruginous;  stem  (Irni, 
fibrillose.  solid.  (»flrii  curved  fri.m  ils  place  i>\  growth,  annulus 
slight,  fugacion-- :  spixts  lniL^lii  feniiginnns,  .(  m  « )_'X  nf  ;iii  inch  long. 
.cxx)ir)  "nroad. 


UKI'OKT    OF    Till-:    STATK    liOTANIST     I907  155 

Pilcus  1-2  inches  broad  ;  stem   1-2.5  inches  long,  3-5  Hncs  thick. 

Sul)ce.>pitosc.  Dead  trunks  of  birch  trees,  P)  e  t  u  1  a  lute  a  Mx. 
Sullivan  county.  September.  The  reddish  color  of  the  pilcus  often 
fades  with  age.  The  species  is  rare  and  has  not  been  collected 
recently.  In  some  of  its  characters  it  shows  a  close  relationship  to 
1'  h  o  1  i  o  t  a  tuberculosa  Fr.  from  which  it  may  be  separated 
by  the  absence  of  a  bulbous  base  to  the  stem. 

Pholiota  lutea  Pk. 

YELLOW  PHOLIOTA 

Pileus  fleshy,  firm,  convex,  dry,  slightly  silky  and  .sometimes 
minutely  floccose  squamulose  in  the  center,  buff  yellow,  often  a  little 
darker  in  the  center,  the  thin  incurved  margin  slightly  surpassing 
the  lamellae,  flesh  pale  yellow,  odor  pleasant,  taste  bitter;  lamellae 
thin,  close,  ro'v.ided  behind,  adnexed,  pale  yellow  becoming  dark 
ferrugii;ous ;  stem  firm,  solid,  thickened  at  the  base,  librillose,  col- 
ored like  the  pileus,  the  annulus  superior,  slight,  fugacious ;  spores 
ferruginous,  .0003  of  an  inch  long,  .0002  broad. 

Pileus  2-4  inches  broad ;  stem  2-3  inches  long,  3-5  lines  thick. 

Decaynig  wood  and  trunks  of  trees  in  woods.  Essex  county. 
August. 

Pilcus  Jiyt::;ropIiaiioHS  ^ 

Pholiota  cerasina  Pk. 

CHERRY  PHOLIOTA 

Pileus  fleshy,  firm,  broadly  convex,  glabrous,  hygrophanous,  cin- 
namon color  when  moist,  yellow  when  dry,  odor  amygdaline,  flesh 
yellow  ;  lamellae  close,  sinuate,  yellow  becoming  cinnamon  or  ferru- 
ginous ;  stem  equal,  solid,  sometimes  curved,  furfuraceous  above  the 
annulus,  which  is  slight  and  fugacious ;  spores  elliptic,  minutely 
rough,  .0003  of  an  inch  long,  .0002  broad. 

Pileus  2-4  inches  broad ;  stem  2-4  inches  long,  2-4  lines  thick. 

Comm.only  cespitose.  Old  prostrate  trunks  of  trees  in  woods. 
Cayuga  county.     August. 

A  rare  sj^ecics.  Tlic  amygdaline  or  cherry  odor  suggests  th6 
specific  name. 

Pholiota  acericola  Pk. 

MAPLE    PHOLIOTA 

Pileus  fleshy  but  thin,  broadly  convex  or  nearly  plane,  glabrous, 
often   rugosely   reticulate  or   corrugated,  hygrophanous,   yellow   or 


T56  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

sometimes  smoky  yellow  with  the  center  or  umbo  brownish ;  lamellae 
close,  sinuate,  commonly  longitudinally  wrinkled  when  dry,  grayish 
becoming  brownish  ferruginous ;  stem  equal  or  thickened  at  the  base, 
hollow,  fibrillose  striate,  white  or  whitish  with  a  large  membranous, 
persistent,  deflexed,  white  annulus;  spores  elliptic,  .00035  o^  ^"  i^^ch 
long,  .00024  broad. 

Pileus  1-3  inches  broad ;  stem  2-4  inches  long,  3-5  lines  thick. 

Mossy  trunks  of  maple  trees  in  woods.  Essex,  Lewis,  Otsego  and 
Schoharie  counties.    July  to  September. 

This  species  may  be  easily  recognized  by  its  well  developed  annu- 
lus, its  rugosely  reticulate  or  pitted  pileus  and  the  rugosely  wrinkled 
lamellae  of  the  dried  plant.  The  reticulations  of  the  surface  of  the 
pileus  usually  disappear  in  drying.  When  growing  in  much  decayed 
wood  white  strings  of  mycelium  develop  in  the  wood. 

Pholiota  discolor  Pk. 

FADING   PHOLIOTA 

Pileus  thin,  convex  becoming  nearly  plane  or  slightly  depressed, 
glabrous,  viscid,  hygrophanous,  cinnamon  rufous  and  striatulate  on 
the  margin  when  moist,  bright  ochraceous  yellow  when  dry ;  lamellae 
narrow,  close,  pallid  or  whitish  becoming  ferruginous;  stem  equal, 
hollow,  fibrillose,  whitish  or  pallid,  sometimes  with  a  white  mycelioid 
tomentum  at  th-2  base,  the  annulus  distinct,  persistent ;  spores  elliptic, 
.0003  of  an  inch  long,  .0002  broad. 

Pileus  S-16  lines  broad;  stem  1.5-3  inches  long,  about  1  line 
thick. 

Single  or  ccspitosc.  Decaying  wood  and  proslralc  trunks  of  trees 
in  woods.     Not  rare.     July  to  October. 

The  change  of  color  from  the  moist  to  the  dry  state  is  well 
marked.  The  color  of  the  pileus  is  similar  to  that  of  the  next  fol- 
lowing species  but  the  viscid  pileus  separates  it.  Pholiota  dis- 
color caespitosa  I'k.  is  a  mere  form,  unworthy  of  being 
considered  a  variety. 

Pholiota  autumnalis   Pk. 

Al'TLMX    I'lK  )  1. 1  Of  A 

A  K  •'«  I-  i  c  11  s  (  N  .1  u  f  «>  r  i  a  )  a  n  t  11  111  11  a  I  i  s  i'U.     Slalc  (  ali.  I<(  p'l  J^.    p.  ')-■ 

Pileus  fleshy  but  thin,  convex,  hygrophanous,  cinnamon  rufous 
anrl  striatulate  on  the  margin  when  moist,  dingy  yellow  when  dry; 


REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    ROTANIST    I907  157 

lamellae  thin,  close,  slightly  sinuate,  adnata  or  slightly  decurrent, 
yellowish  becoming  subferruginous ;  stem  slender,  equal,  hollow, 
fibrillose,  colored  like  but  paler  than  the  pileus  or  sometimes  brown- 
ish toward  the  base ;  spores  .0003-.0004  of  an  inch  long,  .0002-.00024 
broad. 

Pileus  6-16  lines  broad;  stem  1-2  inches  long,  1-2  lines  thick. 

Single  or  cespitose.  Decaying  wood  in  woods.  Albany,  Rensse- 
laer and  Essex  counties.  September  to  November.  The  annulus 
is  sometimes  but  sfightly  developed,  and  such  specimens  are  liable 
to  be  mistakenly  referred  to  the  genus  Naucoria. 

Pholiota  confragosa  Fr. 
ROUGH    PHOLIOTA 

Pileus  fleshy  but  thin ;  convex  becoming  nearly  plane,  fragile, 
obtuse,  fioccose  squamulose  becoming  naked,  hygrophanous,  cinna- 
mon rufous  and  striate  on  the  margin  when  moist,  tawny  when  dry; 
lamellae  thin,  close,  adnate,  very  narrow,  rufous ;  stem  equal,  hollow, 
fibrillose  below  the  spreading  membranous  annulus,  striate  above, 
pallid  or  pale  ferruginous ;  spores  .00028-.0003  of  an  inch  long, 
.0002-.00024  broad. 

Pileus  1-2  inches  broad ;  stem  1-2.5  inches  long,  2-3  lines  thick. 

Single  or  cespitose.  Decaying  wood  and  prostrate  mossy  trunks 
in  woods.     Adirondack  mountains.     September. 

The  scales  of  the  pileus  are  generally  so  minute  that  they  are 
easily  overlooked.  The  whole  plant  is  nearly  of  one  color.  It  is 
quite  fragde  and  should  be  handled  carefully.  The  dimensions  of 
Ihe  spores  are  taken  from  the  American  plant,  as  the  publications  of 
the  European  authors  do  not  agree  in  respect  to  this  character. 

Pholiota  marginella  Pk. 

SLIGHTLY  MARGINED  PHOLIOTA 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex  becoming  nearly  plane,  glabrous,  hygropha- 
nous, yellowish  red  or  subferruginous  and  usually  striatulate  on  the 
margin  when  young  or  moist,  whitish  or  yellowish  buflf  when  dry, 
the  young  margin  slightly  silky  with  whitish  fibrils ;  lamellae  thin, 
close,  adnexed,  minutely  eroded  on  the  edge,  whitish  becoming  dark 
ferruginous ;  stem  equal  or  nearly  so,  flexuous,  fibrillose  below  the 
slight  fugacious  annulus,  mealy  or  pruinose  above,  stu fifed  or  hollow, 
whitish  or  pallid,  sometimes  with  a  white  mycelioid  tomentum  at 


158  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

the  base;  spores  elliptic,  .00024-.0003  of  an  inch  long,  .C)00i6-.ooo2 
broad. 

Pileus  1-2  inches  bvoad;  stem  2-4  Inches  long.  2-4  lines  thick. 

Single  or  cespitose.  Decaying  wood.  Essex  county.  June. 
Found  but  once.  The  species  is  ai>parently  related  to  P  h  o  1  i  o  t  a 
ni  a  r  g  i  n  a  t  a  (Batsch)  from  which  it  may  be  distinguished  by  its 
even  librillose  margin,  adnexed  lamellae  and  paler  uniformly  col- 
ored stem.  Ill  drying,  the  moisture,  as  usual  in  hygrophanous 
species,  first  disappears  from  the  center  of  the  pileus. 


LATIN   DESCRirTlDXS   OF    XFW   SPECIES  OF   PLANTS 
Crataegus  verrucalis 

Frutex  vel  arbor  parva,  2-4  m  alta,  trunci  diametro  2.5-5  cm; 
ramis  longis,  tenuibus,  divergentibus,  erectisve,  trunci  ramorumque 
magnorum  corticc  verrucoso,  spinis  leviter  curvatis  rectisve,  cas- 
taneis,  nitidis,  2.5-4  cm  long. 

Folia  ovata  vel  subovata,  acuta  acuminatave.  basi  rotundata  vel 
cuneata,  pullulantia  tincta  fusco-rubro  et  superiorc  ]nil)csccntia.  nia- 
tura  flava-viridia,  nitida,  glabra,  4-4.5  cm  long.  2.5-3  ^''^  ''^t'  •'' 
ramis  robustis  late  ovata  vel  suborbiculata,  basi  rotundata. 

r'lores  4-10  in  quoque  corymbo,  1.2-1.4  cm  lat.  pediculis  leviter 
villosis,  calycis  lobis  extus  glabris.  intus  hirtellis,  .staminibus  5-10, 
anthcris  rubris,  stylis  2-4,  ])leruni(|ue  3. 

Poma  subglobosa  f)valiave,  1-1.2  cm  long.  S  10  mm  hit.,  vivida 
rubra.  i)ersistcntiora.  seminibus  ])lcrmn(|ue  3,  (>.S-7  'imi  long. 
3.5-4  lat. 

In  Irjcis  montanis. 


Clitocybe  subcyathiformis 

i'ileo  carnoso.  tcnui,  late  convexo,  <lemum  sub])lano  vel  centro 
rleprcs.so,  glabro,  hygrophami,  madiilo  albido  striatulato<iue  margini'. 
sicco  albo  vel  centro  leviter  llavido.  carne  alba,  saporo  miti ;  lamcllis 
tenuibus,  subconfertis,  adnato-decurrentibus.  albidis ;  stipite  subae- 
(|ualc,  farctf).  fibrilloso-reticulato,  albidd,  saepe  basi  ailxi  tomentoso; 
spf>ris  clli|)Soidcis,  6-8  x  4-5  ,". 

I'ileifs  2.5  5  cm  lat.;  stipes  2.5-4  cm  long.,  4  S  mm.  lat. 

In  locis  humidis  sub  alnis  l)etulis(|ue. 


REPORT  OF  Till-:  STATE  BOTANIST  I907  I59 


Hygrophorus  coloratus 

Pileo  carnoso,  convexo  subplanove,  saepe  umbonato,  levi,  viscose, 
luteo,  aurantiaco  vel  cinnabarino,  carne  alba,  sub  pellicula  flava ; 
lamellis  inaequalibus,  distantibus,  arcuatis,  adnato-dccurrentibus, 
albis  flavescentibusve ;  stipite  aequale,  subinde  deorsum  incrassato, 
glutinoso,  farcto  cavove,  albo  vel  leviter  flavo,  in  juventute  subinde 
velo  floccoso  ad  apicem;  sporis  8-10x5-6  //. 

Pileus  2.5-6.5  cm  lat. ;  stipes  5-7.5  cm  long.,  4-8  mm  lat. 

In  locis  humidis  sub  arboribus  laricinis  abietinisque. 

Clitopilus  subplanus 

Pileo  tenui,  late  convexo,  demum  subplano,  centro  leviter  depresso 
aut  distincte  umbilicato,  glabro,  albido,  carne  alba ;  lamellis  tenuibus, 
confertis,  adnato-decurrentibus,  sordide  incarnatis;  stipite  tenui, 
glabro,  tereti  compressove,  farcto,  demum  cavo,  albido ;  sporis  in- 
carnatis, angulosis,  uninucleatis,  10-12  x  6-8/^. 

Pileus  2.5-4  cm  lat. ;  stipes  2.5-4  cm  long.,  2-4  mm"  lat. 

Inter  folia  putrescentia  in  silvis. 

Nolanea  suaveolens 

Pileo  submcmbrano,  convexo,  umbilicato,  obscure  fibrilloso  im- 
l)olitove,  margine  indistincte  striato,  fumoso ;  lamellis  tenuibus, 
inaequalibus,  confertis,  adnatis,  albidis,  demum  sordide  rosaceis ; 
stipite  tenue,  glabro,  cavo,  fusco;  sporis  angulosis,  tuiinucleatis, 
10-12  x  6-8    ,,,. 

Pileus  1.5-4  cm  lat.;  stipes  3-5  cm  long.,  i  mm  lat. 

In  silvis.  Specimina  exsiccata  odorem  gratum,  L  a  c  t  a  r  i  i 
g  1  y  c  i  o  s  m  i    et   L.    c  a  m  p  h  o  r  a  t  i    ilium   sinudaiitcm   cmittunt. 

Pholiota  duroides 

Pileo  tenui,  convexo,  demum  subplano,  glabro,  subinde  centro 
leviter  rimoso-squamoso,  ex  albo  ochraceoluteo ;  carne  alba,  sapore 
miti ;  lamellis  tenuibus,  confertis,  angustis,  adnexis,  subinde  late 
sinuatis  et  dente  decurrentibus,  albidis,  demum  fusco-ferrugineis; 
stipite  aequale,  farcto  cavove,  glabro,  albido,  annulo  crasso,  lanugi- 
noso,  saepe  lacerato  evanescentcque,  albo;  sporis  late  ellipticis, 
6-8  X  4-5    ,,. 

Pileus  2.5-5  ^^1"  I'^t. ;  stipes  2.5-5  cm  long.,  4-8  mm  lat. 


l6o  NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM 

In  silvis.  E  Pholiota  dura  (Bolt.)  Fr.  in  colore,  carne 
molliore  sporisque  minoribus  differit.  Inter  Pholiotam  et  Strop- 
bar  iam  ambigua. 

Flammula  pulchrifolia 

Pileo  carneo,  tenui,  hemispbaerico,  deinde  convexo,  viscidulo, 
bygropbano,  fibrilloso,  subinde  centro  squamuloso,  margine  fibrilloso, 
rosaceo,  subinde  pallido;  carne  alba,  amara;  laniellis  tenuibus, 
confertis,  adnatis,  subinde  leviter  sinuatis,  albidis,  mox  nitide 
luteis  yel  f ulvo-ocbraceis ;  stipite  aequale,  farcto  cavove,  pallido, 
saepe  basi  flavo,  apice  fibrilloso  e  velo;  sporis  in  strato  tenui  f ulvo- 
ocbraceis,  in  strato  crasso  ochraceo-luteis,  7.5-8x5-6  „. 

I'ileus  2.5  5  cm  lat. ;  stipes  2.5-4  cm  long.,  3-4  mm  hit. 

Ad  lignum    T  s  u  g  a  e   can  a  d  c  n  s  i  s    Carr. 

Clavaria   ornatipes 

Gregaria,  2.5-5  ^"'^^  ''^^^^)  sparse  ramosa ;  stipite  gracile,  hirsuto, 
fusco;  ramulis  panels,  irregularibus,  teretibus,  albidis  griseis  vel 
cinereis,  acutis  obtusisve;  sporis  late  ellipticis  vel  subglobosis, 
8-1 1  X  6-8  /'. 

Inter  muscos  in  locis  bumidis  silvarum. 

Clavaria  t  r  i  c  b  o  p  u  s  Pers,  A^'tc;  York  State  Museum  Re- 
port 24,  page  82.  Noster  fungus  est  distinclus  in  colore,  babitate 
])aucitateque  ramorum. 

Myxosporium  necans 

Accrvuli  in  lineis  longis  sub  epidermide  nidulantes,  erumpentes, 
mtus  albidi ;  conidiis  olilongo-clliplicis  in  massas  albas  cu-rosve  11a 
vido-alljos  ex|)ulsis,  saejjc  binueleatis,  Tk-io  x  2-3  //. 

In  cortice  P  r  u  n  i  virgin!  a  n  a  e  L.  vivae.  l-'ungus  frulicem 
mox  necat. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATES 


PLATE    IIO 


Clitocybe   subcyathiformis   Pk. 
Saucer  Clitocybe 

1  Ininiature  plant  with  moist  pileus 

2  Immature  plant  with  dry  pileus 

3  Mature  plant  with  center  of  pileus  slii^htly  colored 

4  Two  mature  plants  united  at  the  base 

5  \'ertical  section  of  the  ui)i)er  part  uf  a  mature  plant 

6  Four  spores,  x  400 

Russula   pusilla   I'k. 

Small  Russula 

7,8     Two   imiuature   ])lants   showing   the   upper   surface  of   the 

pileus 
9.  10  Two  larger  immature  plants  showing  color  of  the  lamellae 
IT    Large  mature  i)lant  showing  color  of  the  lamellae 

12  \'ertical  section   of  an   immature  ])lant 

13  X'ertical  section  id"  a  mature  plant 

14  I'liur  spores,  x  400 


N.   Y.   STATE   MUS.  61 


EDIBLE  FUNGI 


Fig.  1-6. 

CLITOCYBE  SUBCYATHIFORMIS  Pk. 

SAUCER  CLITOCYBE 


Fig.  7-14. 
RUSSULA  PUSILLA  Pk. 

SMAI^I.    RUSSULA 


PLATE    III 

163 


Collybia  dryophila   (Bull.)   Fr. 

Oak  loving  Collybia 

1  Immature  plant 

2  Cluster  of  three  plants,  two  of  them  immature 

3,  4  Two  plants  with  the  pileus  more  highly  colored 

5  Mature  plant  with  the  pileus  fully  expanded 

6  Immature  plant  with  pileus  highly  colored  and  stem  bulbous 

7  Mature  plant  with  pileus  highly  colored  and  stem  bulbous 

8  Vertical  section  of  the  upper  part  of  an  immature  plant 

9  Vertical  section  of  the  upper  part  of  a  mature  plant  with  ex- 

panded pileus 

10  Transverse  section  of  a  stem 

1 1  Four  spores,  x  400 

164 


N.   Y.    STATE   MUS.   61 


EDIBLE  FUNGI 


COIvLYBIA    DRYOPHILA    (BuLL.)    Fr. 

OAK   I.OVING   COLI.YBIA 


PLATE    Ii2 
165 


Crepidotus  malachius  B.   &   C. 
Soft  skinnkd  Crepidotus 

1  jMature  plant  shovvitig  the  upper  surface  of  the  pileus 

2  Mature  plant  showing  the  lower  surface  of  the  pileus 

3  Vertical  section  of  a  mature  plant 

4  Four  spores,  x  400 

Stropharia  bilamellata  Pk. 
Double  gh-led  Stropharia 

5  Immature  jjlaiit  with  pilous  convex 

6  Mature  plant  with  pileus  cxpaufled 

7  Vertical  section  of  the  upper  part  of  an  immature  ])lani 

8  Vertical  section  of  the  upper  part  of  a  mature  plant 

9  Transverse  section  of  a  stem 
10  Four  spores,  x  400 

166 


N.   Y.   STATE   MUS.   61 


EDIBLE  FUNGI 


4        @ 


Fig.  1-4. 

CREPIDOTUS  MALACHIUS  B.  &  C. 

SOFT  SKINNED  CRKPIBOTUS 


Fig.  5-10, 
STROPHARIA  BILAMEIvLATA  Pk. 
DOUBLE  GILI.ED  STROPHARIA 


PLATE    113 
167 


Boletus   niveus   Fr. 

SXOWV   JJOLETUS 

1  Immature  plant 

2  Mature  plant 

3  \'ertical  section  of  the  upper  part  of  an  immature  plant 

4  X^ertical  section  of  the  upper  part  of  a  mature  plant 

5  Four  spores,  x  400 


N.   Y.   STATE  MUS.  6 


EDIBLE  FUNGI 


BOIvETUS    NIVEUS    Fr. 

SNOWY    BOLETUS 


PLATE    114 


Lycoperdon  subincarnatum  Pk. 
Pinkish  Puffball 

1  Cluster  of  three  plants 

2  Plant  darker  colored 

3  Mature  plant  showing  pitted  peridium 

4  Vertical  section  of  an  immature  plant 

5  Vertical  section  of  a  mature  plant 

6  Four  spores,  x  400 

Lycoperdon  gemmatum    Batsch 
Studded  Puffball 

7  Immature  plant  of  usual  size  and  shape 

8  Immature  plant  showing  an  umbo 

9  Sessile   plant    showing   reticulated    surface    from    which    the 

larger  warts  have  fallen 

10  Long  stemmed  plant  showing  plicate  base  of  peridium  and 

upper  part  of  stem,  also  reticulated  place  from  which  the 
larger  warts  have  fallen 

11  Long   stemmed   plant  with   larger   warts   closely   placed   and 

upper  part  of  stem  coarsely  pitted 

12  Vertical  section  of  a  small  immature  plant 

13  Vertical  section  of  a  mature  plant  with  stem  tapering  down- 

ward 

14  An  old  denuded  discolored  plant 

15  Four  spores,  x  400 


N.   Y.   STATE   MUS.  61 


EDIBLE  FUNGI 


Fig.  1-6. 
LYCOPERDON  SUBINCARNATUM  Pk. 

PINKISH    PUFF   BALI, 


Fig.  7-15. 
LYCOPERDON  GEMMATUM  BaTSCH 

STUDDED   PUFF   BAI.I. 


INDEX 


Acer  saccharuni,   149. 
Agaricus     (Naucoria)     autumnalis, 
156. 

detersibilis,  152. 

(Tricholoma)    lacunosus,    132. 

(Hypholoma)  ornellus,  151. 
Ajuga  reptans,  17. 
Amelanchier  spicata,  135. 
Aster  paniculatus   bellidiflorus,  131. 
Autumn  pholiota,    156-57. 

Baxter,  mentioned,  26. 
Bedstraw,  upright,  21. 
Berkeley,  cited,   135. 
Betula  lutea,  155. 
Biatora  prasina,  17. 
Biatorella    simplex,    17. 
Boletus    niveus,    17,    140-41. 
explanation  of  plate,   168. 
scaber,    17,    141. 
Bristly  pholiota,   152. 
Burnham,   Stewart   H.,   work   of,  6. 

Carya  glabra  odorata,  131. 

Castanea  dentata,   131. 

Centaura    solstitialis,    17. 

Cetraria   glauca,    17. 

Chaetomium    sphaerospermum,    17. 

Cherry  pholiota,  155. 

Cladonia  bacillaris,  18. 

delicata,   18. 

squamosa,  18. 
Clavaria  ornatipes,  18,  160. 

trichopus,   18,   160. 
Clinton,  Judge,   cited,  67. 
Clitocybe,   cup    shaped,   137. 

saucer,    136-37. 
Clitocybe  cyathiformis,  137. 

dealbata.  137. 

subcyathiformis,   18,   136-37,   158. 
explanation  of  plate,  162. 


Clitopilus  caespitosus,   131. 

carneoalbus,    18. 

conissans,    131-32,   132. 

noveboracensis,   131. 

subplanus,    18,    159. 
Collybia    dryophila,    137-38. 
explanation  of  plate,  164. 

lacunosa,   132. 
Crataegus    flora    of    western    New 

York,  some  additions  to,  by  C.  S. 

Sargent,  26-83 ;  notes  on  a  collec- 
tion made  by  G.   D.   Cornell   near 

Coopers  Plains,  Steuben  county,  by 

C.   S.   Sargent,  84-114;  New  York 

species  of,  from   various  localities, 

by  C.  S.  Sargent,  115-30. 
Crataegus  acclivis,  66,  71. 

acerba,    19,  93-94. 

admiranda,  20,  '/'],  80^81. 

affinis,  20. 

amoena,  19,  35.  38-39,  S6. 

anomala,    19. 

arcana,   35,  yj,  85. 

arduennae,  19,  26,  27. 

aridula,    19,    36,   43-44- 

asperifolia,   75,   76. 

barbara,    19.  30,  33-34- 

barryana,   19,  36,  52-53,  93- 

beata,  8; 

bella,  20,  57,  61,  102. 

bissellii,   132. 

boothiana,  20,  56,   58-59. 

brachyloba,   20,   75-76. 

bronxensis,  19,   115-16. 

calvini.  20,  TJ,  81-82. 

celsa.    19,   30,   31-32. 

cerasina,  19,  26,  29-30. 

chateaugayensis,  20.  121-22. 

claytoniana,  20,  120-21. 

clintoniana,    19,   35.  39^40. 


171 


1/2 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUil 


Crataegus  {continued) 
coccinea,  72. 

var.  rotundifolia,  72. 
cognata,  35,  41,  88. 
colorata,  56,  60. 
comans,  20,    1 12-13. 
conferta,  20,  57,  62-63. 
congestiflora,  19,  36,  44-45. 
cornellii,  20,  105-6. 
cruda,   19,  36,  54-55- 
crus-galli  var.  pyracanthifolia,  26. 
dayana,   20,   65,  66-67. 
delawarensis,  56. 
desueta,  19,  84-85. 
dewingii,  19,  30,  34-35- 
dissociabilis,  19,  95-96. 
dissona,  92. 
diversa,   109-10. 
dodgei,  72,  104. 
dunbari,  75,  76. 
durobrivensis,    72. 
eflferata,  20,   128-29. 
exclusa,    19. 
ferentaria,     77,  82,  114. 
finitima,  20,  77,  78-79. 
floridula,  20,  126-27. 
foetida,    104. 
foliata,  19,  36,  53-54- 
formosa,  35,  41. 
frutescens,   20,    1 13-14. 
fucata,  20,  99-100. 
gencseensis,  19,  26,  27. 
genialis,   57,  62,    102. 
glaucophylla,  102. 
gloriosa,  20,  66,  70-71. 
gracilipes,  20,   119-20. 
gracilis,  19,  35,  37-38,  86. 
harryi,  20,    124-25. 
holmesiana,  66,  71. 
honcoyt'iisis,  20.  129-30. 
ignca,  20,  96-97. 
implicata,   19,  36,  49-50. 
inopinata,   20,    108-9. 
insignata,  20,   101-2. 
intricata,    104. 
iniisitiila,   19,   36,   55-56,  96. 
Iciophylla,  35,  4T. 
loptopoda,  20,   1 18-19. 
lotcliwortliiana,    20,    65,    68-69. 
limosa,  20,  65,  67-68. 


Crataegus  {continiti-d) 
livingstoniana,   19,    1 16-17. 
luminosa,  20,  57,  63-64. 
macera,  19,  1 17-18. 
macracantha,  77,  S3, 
macrocalyx,   19,  89-90. 
maineana,  36,  46. 
matura,  103. 
modesta,    106. 
neobaxteri,  20,   72,  74-75. 
nescia,  20,   loo-i. 
notabilis,  19,  30,  2,2-^3- 
numerosa,  19,  90-91. 
oblita,  19,  35,  40-41- 
ornata,  57,  60,  103. 
ovatifolia,    19,  92-93. 
pausiaca,   32. 
pedicellata,  66,  69,  71. 
pellecta,   19,  85 -86. 
placiva,    19,   36,   46-47- 
plana,   19,  36,  45-46,  92. 
praecoqua,  124. 
promissa,    19,    36,    50-51. 
pruinosa,    2>S'   Z7- 
puberis,  20,  72,  7;},. 
pulchra,    19,  36,   42. 
punctata,   30. 
radians,  20,  64-65. 
radiata,  19,  36,  42-43. 
ramosa,  19,  86-87. 
recta,  20,  97-98. 
repulsans,  20,   107-8. 
robusta,  19,  26,  28-29. 
rubicunda,  56,  60. 
rubrolutea.    19,  88-89. 
scabrida,  75,  76. 
sejuncta,  66,  71. 
simulans,  20,  125-26. 
singularis,  20.   106-7. 
slavini,  20,  56,  57-58. 
spatifolia,   20,  98-99. 
spinifcra,  20,    i  ir-12. 
spissa,  20,  122-23. 
steubenensis,   20,    103-4. 
strcetcrac.  57,  62,  T03. 
strigosa,   19,  2,6,   51-52. 
structilis,  20,  77,  112. 
suavis,  20,  56,  59-60,   102. 
subnrbiculata,   19. 
succulcnta,  77,  80. 


IXDEX    TO    REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    BOTANIST    HJOJ 


1/3 


Crataegus  {coiitiiiiicd) 

tenuiloba,  57,  62. 

tomentosa,   no. 

tortuosa,   19,  36,  47-4S. 

iincta,    19,   91-92. 

venustula,  20,  77,  79-So. 

verecunda,   105. 

verrucalis,  20,  123-24,  158. 

xanthophylla,    19,   36.   4S-49. 
Crenulate  pholiota,  149. 
Crepidotus    malachiu.s,    139. 

explanation   of  plate,    166. 
Cronartium   ribicola,   20. 
Cup  shaped  clitocybe,  137. 
Curtis,  cited,   135. 
Curve  stem  pholiota,  154. 
Cut  gilled  piioliota,  146. 
Cypripedium    ariotinum,    132. 

Day,  David  Fisher,  cited,  67. 
Dewing,    mentioned,   26. 
Diaporthe  parasitica,  20. 
Dunbar,  John,  mentioned,  26. 

Edible  fungi,  6,  135-41.- 
Erysimum  cheiranthoidos.   133. 
Explanation   of   plates.    161-70. 

Fading   pholiota,   156. 
Fagus   americana.    150. 
Fat   pholiota,    150. 
Flammula,  141. 

poh'chroa,   151. 

pulchrifolia,  2t,   160. 
Fungi,  edible,  6,   135-41. 

Galium    crcctum,    21. 

mollugo,  21. 
Gcoglossum  nigrituni.  133. 

pcckianum,    it,t,. 

Habenaria  ciliaris,    133. 
Hairy  pholiota,   153-54. 
Howe  pholita,    147. 
Hydnum   septentrionale,    133. 
Hygrophorus  aureus,  22. 

bresadolae.  22. 

coloratus,  21,  159. 

lacmu"-,   22. 

speciosus,  22. 


liypliolonia  hydruijhilum,  131-32. 

ornellus,    sec    Agaricus    (llypholo- 
ma)   ornellus. 

perplexum,    133. 

sublateritium,   133. 
Hypocrea   polyporoidea,  22. 

! 

Johnson    pholiota,    147. 

Lactarius  caniphoraius,  23,  159. 

glyciosmus,  23,  159. 

minusculus,  22. 

subdulcis,   22. 
Latin   descriptions    of   new   species 

of  plants,   158-60. 
Leaia  piperata,   22. 
Lecanora  privigna,   17. 
Lecidea   platycarpa,   22. 
Lemon  colored  pholiota,   150. 
Lenzites  sepiaria  dentifera,  24. 
Lophiotrema  semiliberum,  22. 
Lotus  corniculatus,  23. 
Lycoperdon    gemmatum,    135-36. 
explanation  of  plate,    170. 

subincarnatum,    135. 

explanation   of  plate,   170. 

Madder,  wild,  21. 
Maple  pholiota,   155-56. 
Metzgeria  conjugata,  23. 
]\Ionilia  crataegi,  23. 
Morchella   deliciosa,    I33'"34- 
Myxosporium    necans,   23,    160. 

Narrow   stem  pholiota,   145. 
Naucoria,    141. 

autumnalis.    see    Agaricus    (Nau- 
coria)   autumnalis. 

semiorbicularis,    146. 
Nolanea  suaveolens,  23.   159. 

Oak  loving  collyhia.   137-38. 
Ochrosporae.    141. 
Orange    pholiota,    154. 
Ornate  pholiota.   151-52. 

Parmelia  cctrata,  24. 

perforata.   23. 
Peridermium   strobi,  20. 


174 


NEW    VORK    STATE    MUSEUM 


Pholiota,   New   York   species,  141- 
58. 

autumn,    156-57. 

bristly,   152. 

brown,   146. 

cherry,    155. 

crenulate,   149. 

curve  stem,  154. 

cut  gilled,   146. 

early,  148. 

fading,  156. 

fat,    150. 

hairy,   153-54- 

hardish,  148-49. 

Howe,   147. 

Johnson,  147. 

lemon  colored,   150. 
little  cloak,   145. 

maple,    155-56. 

narrow    stem,    145. 

orange,    154. 
ornate,  151-52. 

rough,  157. 
rugose,    144. 
scaly,  152-53- 
sharp  scale,  150-51. 
showy,   154. 

slightly    martii  H'd.    157-58. 
smallest,    143. 
thread    stem.    IJ4-45. 
wormy,    147-48. 
wrinkled,    143-44. 
yellow,   155. 
yellow    gilled,    154-55- 
yellow  scale,  153. 
Pholiota.  6,   1^1. 

acericola,    143.    155-56- 
adiposa,  142,  150. 
aggericola,   142,   146. 

retirugis,  146. 
albocrcnulata,    142,    149. 
angiistipes,    142,    145. 
appcndiculata,     151. 
autnmnalis,    143,    156-57. 
caporata,   142,   143-44. 
cerasina,    143,    155. 
comosa,    T42,    153. 

var.  alba,    153. 
confragosa,    143,    157. 
curvipcs,    142,   154. 


Pholiota  {.coiitiiiuid) 

discolor,  143,  156. 
caespitosa,  15O. 

dura,    149,    160. 

duroides,  24,  142,  148-49,  159-60. 

erinaceella,  142,  152. 

filaris,  142,  144-45. 

flammans,    142,    153. 

howeana,  142,  147. 

indecens,  146. 

johnsoniana,  142,  147. 

limonella,    142,    150. 

lutea,    142,    155. 

luteofolia,   142,   154-55. 

marginata,   158. 

marginella,  143,  157-58. 

minima,  142,  143. 

mycenoides,    143. 

ornella,   141,  142,  151-52. 

praecox,   142,   146,    148,    149. 
minor,    148. 
sylvestris,    148. 

pumila,   143. 

punctulata,  145. 

rugosa,    142,    144. 

spectabilis,   142,    154. 

squarrosa,    142,    151,    152-53. 

scjuarrosoides,   142,    150-51. 
faginea,   151. 

temnophylla,    142,    146. 

terrigcna,    145. 

togularis,  142,  144,  145. 

tuberculosa,  155. 

vermiflua,    142,    147-48. 
Physcia  hypnleuca.  24. 
Plants,  species  added  to  collection, 

5.    7-9;    species    not    before    re- 
ported,  5,    17-25;   contributors,   list 

of,  9-16. 
Plates,  explanation   of,   161-70. 
Polyporus  alboluteus,  24. 

spraguei,  24. 

volvatus,  134. 
Polystictus    montagnci,    24. 
Psilocybe  conissans,  132. 

spadicca,  131. 
PunFliali.  pinkish.  1.^5. 

studded,    135-36. 

Rinodina  or<iii,i,  24. 
Roiipli    pholiota,    157. 


INDEX    TO    REPORT    OF    THE   STATE    COTAXIST    1907 


175 


Rugose  pholiota,   144. 
Russula,  small,  138. 
Russula  aeruginea,  24. 
pusilla,  138. 

explanation  of  plate,   162. 

Salix  serissima,   135. 

Sargent,  C.  S.,  Some  Additions  to 
the  Crataegus  Flora  of  Western 
New  York,  26-83;  Notes  on  a 
Collection  of  Crataegus  made  by 
Mr  G.  D.  Cornell  in  the  Neigh- 
borhood of  Coopers  Plains, 
Steuben  County,  N.  Y.,  84-114; 
New  York  species  of  Crataegus 
from  various  localities,  115-30. 

Saucer  clitocybe,   136-37. 

Scaly  pholiota,  152-53. 

Sharp  scale  pholiota,  150-51. 

Showy   pholiota,   154. 

Slightly  margined  pholiota,  157-58. 

Snowy  boletus,  140. 

Soft  skinned  crepidotus,  139. 

Sphaeronema  pruinosum,  135. 


Sphaeropsis    lyndonvillae,    25. 

persicae,  23. 
Stereocaulon   coralloides,   25. 
Stropharia  bilamellata,  25,  139-40. 
explanation  of  plate,   166. 

coronilla,  140. 
Studded  pufifball,  135-36. 

Thread  stem  pholiota,  144-45. 
Trentepohlia   umbrina,   25. 
Tricholoma    lacunosus,    see    Agari- 
cus   (Tricholoma)   lacunosus. 

nudum,   131. 

personatum,    131. 

sordidum,   131. 
Tubercularia  davisiana,  25. 

Viola  vagula,   25. 

Wormy  pholiota,  147-48. 
Wrinkled  pholiota,   143-44. 

Yellow  gilled  pholiota,   154-55. 
Yellow    pholiota,    155. 
Yellow  scale  pholiota,  153. 


