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THESAURUS CONCHYLIORUM, 


MONOGRAPHS 


GENERA OF SHELLS. 


EDITED BY 


Division of Mpiiys 
» “ aA Ss 
| Sectional Library 
G. B. SOWERBY, E.LS. . 


eee 


VOL. IL. 


eee ewer 


LONDON: 
SOWERBY, 70, GREAT RUSSELL STREET, BLOOMSBURY 


1835. 


3503291 


QL 
ow 
Pre) 713 
IY 7 
ve Zz 
text 


SeNHRE 


of Genera of Shells contained in the second volume of the 


“THESAURUS 


CANCELLARIA 


NavtiLus 
OvuLUM 
PHOLAS 


TRIOMPHALIA 


NERITINA 


NAVICELLA . . 
BuLuip®, Family of 


MEROE 
CYTHEREA 
CIRCE 
ARTEMIS 
LuctInopsiIs 
TaPEs 
CLEMENTIA 
VENUS 


Supplementary VENERIDa 
First Index to VenERIDA& 


VENERUPIS 
PETRICOLA 
ASTARTE . 


Cyprina and Suppl. VENERIDE 
Second Index to VenERIDz . 


EULIMA 
NIso 
LEIOSTRACA 
OBELIsSCcUS 


PYRAMIDELLA 
Monoptyema 


STOMATELLA 
STOMATIA 
GENA 
Micrortis 
CERITHIUM 


MONOGRAPHS 
CONCHYLIORUM.’ 
Page. Plate. 
. 439 to 461 92 to 96 
. 463 — 465 97 — 98 
. 467 — 484 99 — 101 
. 485 — 505 102 — 108 
. 507 — 546 . . 109 — 116 
. 547 — 552 117, 118, 118 ds. 
. 553 — 608 119 — 125 
. 609 — 611 126 
. 61i — 648 127 — 136 
. 648 — 654 137 — 139 
. 656 — 677 140 — 144 
. 678 — 702 145 — 151 
. 1038 — 742 152 — 162 
. 142 — 745 163 
. 746 — 762 
. 763 — 770 164 — 165 
- A AT 166 
778 — 783 167 
784 — 787 168 
. 788 — 791 
. 793 — 825 169 — 172 
. 827 — 846 178 — 175 
. 847 — 860 176 — 186 


The supplementary plates and descriptions of Cyclostoma, pl. 31 a, 
314, and pages 157*, 168*, should be placed following pl. 31 and 


page 156 in Vol. L., if that volume is still unbound. 
end of Vol. IT. 


If not, at the 


As the plan formerly recommended, of binding the plates separately 
from the text, does not seem to succeed, perhaps it will be better to 
place the plates after the text of each genus. 
however, of those who wish it, a second copy of the Title and Contents 


is given, 


For the convenience, 


NOTICE. 


iy publishing the completion of the Second Volume, the Editor again 
thanks his friends for their support, and again apologizes for all delays. 
Any considerable increase in the former will be followed by a de- 
crease in the latter. 

Many of the Subscribers are already aware that the Editor’s father, 
Mr. G. B. Sowerby, F.L.8., to whom they are indebted for several 
Monographs, has been removed by death, after a life devoted to 
Science. His family, his acquaintances, his commercial patrons, and 
his fellow labourers in Natural History, will ever remember him with 
affection and honour, as a husband, a father, a friend, a man of inte- 
erity, and a useful contributor to knowledge. 

The business at 70, Great Russell Street, is continued by a part of 


the family 


439 


MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS 


CANCELLARIA. 


Gen. Char. Molluscum trachelipodum marinum. ‘Testa spiralis, 
solida, plerumque cancellata, spird brevi, aperturd magna, colu- 
mella spiraliter plicaté. Operculum nullum. 

A marine mollusc belonging to the order of Trachelipoda, 
having a solid, generally cancellated shell with a short spire, large 
aperture and spirally plicated aperture. No operculum. 


1. CANCELLARIA CASSIDIFORMIS (pl. xc. f. 15.), Sowerby, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1882. p. 53. 


C. testa crass, sub-turbinata, spird brevi, apice acuminato, 
sutura canaliculaté; anfractibus angulatis, ad angulum acute tu- 
berculatis, spiraliter sulcatis; apertura oblongé anticé vix emarg- 
nati, labio mterno expanso; columella triplicaté; colore fusco, 
albo unifasciato. 

Thick, turbinated, with a short, sharp spire, the whorls of 
which are angulated, with sharp tubercles at the angle and a 
groove at the suture. The aperture is long, with the inner lip 
spread and the outer hp with shghtly raised ndges inside. From 
Panama. 


2. CaNCELLARIA SPENGLERIANA (PI. xci. f. 29.), Deshayes, 
Enc. Méth. p.185. C. Tritomis, Sowerby, Conch. Iustr. f. 15. 


C. testi sub-ovali, alternatim spiraliter decussaté; spird acu- 
minata, anfractibus angulatis, costatis; costis distantibus, crassis, 
ad angulum acuté tuberculatis; apertura ovali, levi; columella 
expansi, obtusé triplicaté, granulaté; labio externo denticulato 
posticé sub-canalifero, anticé paululim emarginato. Colore 
pallidé fulvo, obscuré bifasciato, ad angulum fusco. 

This shell is from Cagayan, Isle of Mindanao. It is decussated 
by spiral nes crossing thick, distant ribs ; the whorls are strongly 
angulated near the suture, and the ribs sharply tuberculated at 
the angle; the folds on the columella, which is granulated, are 


440 


irregular and obtuse, the outer lip is denticulated. The colour 
is pale buff, obscurely banded with grey and dark chesnut behind 
the angle. 


3. CANCELLARIA NODULIFERA (pl. xciv. f. 57.), Sowerby, 
Tanc. Cat. Appendix, p. 15. (1825). Conch. Ilustr. f. 21. C. Im- 
perialis, Michelin, Guerin, Mag. Hist. Nat. (1832). 


C. testé ovato-ventricosi; spiri brevi; anfractibus posticé 
angulatis ; costis validis, distantibus, ad angulum acute tubercu- 
latis; lineis elevatis spiralibus; suturd profundé canaliculata ; 
apertura magna, levi: columelli granulaté, obtuse triplicata. 
Colore fulvo, albo prope medium anfractuum cincto. 

From Japan, a ventricose shell, with broad, distant ribs crossed 
by narrow spiral ribs or striz. ‘The whorls are angular and the 
suture canaliculated, the ribs tuberculated at the angle of the 
whorls. It is of a pale fawn or yellow colour with a white band 
near the centre of the whorls. The shell figured by Kiener as 
the same species, under Michelin’s name of C. imperialis may be 
really the same, but it has no canal at the suture. Nor does 
Kiener inform us why, supposing the species to be the same, he 
does not adopt the name first published. Michelin’s shell resembles 
our Cassidiformis. 


4, CANCELLARIA CUMINGIANA (pl. xcii. f. 20.) Petit, Guerin, 
Mag. Hist. Nat. 


C. testa turbinatd, validé sulcati, anticé umbilicaté ; spird brevi; 
anfractibus rotundatis. Apertura magni, ovali, plicis tribus 
obtusis. Colore fusco, apertura alba. 

Suleated, rather turbinate with short rounded spire; with an 
umbilicus behind the columella and a smooth oval aperture. 
From Payta. 


5. Cancentarta souipa (pl. xen. f. 4.), Sowerby, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1832, p. 52. 


C. test& sub-ovata, sub-turbinata, solidd, levi; spird brevi, ad 

st A A b A = a ) 
apicem costati, apertura ovali, oblong’; labio externo validé bi- 
emarginato: colore fulvo. 

Smooth, turbinated, rather oval, of an orange colour, with the 
canal strongly notched and the outer lp emargiated. 

Found at Real Llejos im Central America. 


6. Cancentarta Butsutus (p. xev. f. 64.), Sowerby, Pro. 
Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 55. 


441 


C. test’ sub-turbinaté, sub-ovali, levi; spira acuminata, anfrac- 
tibus superioribus decussatim costatis; ultimo prope suturam et 
antic spiraliter striato; apertura pyriformi; plicis columellie 
tribus, prima acut4; labio externo acuto, ad canalem paululiim 
emarginato ; colore fulvo. 

Found at Real Llejos in Central America in company with 
C. solida, which it much resembles ; but the apex is longer and the 
ribs continued to the last whorl. The lower part of the body 
whorl is spirally striated. 


7. CanceLtaria ovata (pl. xcii. f. 2.), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. 1842, f. 53. 


C. testa ovali, levigaté, spiraliter sulcaté; spiri brevi, acu- 
minata, anfractibus decussatim costatis, suturd distincté ; anfractu 
ultimo anticé sub-umbilicato : apertura angustaté ; columella plicis 
tribus, quarum prima prominente, duplicati ; labio externo, mar- 
gine dentato, anticé fluctuato, ad canalem emarginato, intus valide 
sulcato: colore fusco, apertura alba. 

Found at St. Elena, Kast Columbia, in eight to ten fathoms of 
water with a sandy bottom. It is oval, with a rather short can- 
cellated spire; the body whorlis grooved, and behind the colu- 
mella, slightly umbilicated, the upper fold of the columella is 
duplicate and prominent; the mouth is interiorly ribbed and the 
outer lip denticulated at the edge. The colour is dark chesnut 
with pale bands in both directions ; the aperture white. 


8. CANCELLARIA OBESA (pl. xci. f. 37.), Sowerby, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1882, f. 52. 


C. testa crassi ovata, ventricosd, levi; spira brevi, acuminata, 
anfractibus decussatim costatis, sutura distincté; anfractu ultimo 
spiraliter obsolete sulcato; aperturd subangusté, interne validé 
costati, prope marginem costis validé elevatis; columella plicis 
duabus, posticai crass, duplicaté; labio externo prope suturam et 
ad canalem emarginato. Colore, pallidé fasciatim fulvo. 

Found at Puerto and in the gulf of Dulce, Central America, in 
fifteen fathoms of water. It is a ventricose, heavy shell, with a 
short spire which is decussated, but in the body whorl the spiral 
grooves are nearly obsolete. The mouth is internally ribbed and 
the upper fold of the columella is thick and duplicated. It is 
like C. ovata, but much more ventricose. 


44.2 


9. CANCELLARIA RETICULATA (pl. xcu. f. 17.), Lamarck, 
K. M.f. 375. f. 3. 


C. test solidissimé, costis undulatis transversé et longitudina- 
liter decussaté ; spiré acuminata; anfractibus rotundatis ; apertura 
anticé subquadrati: columellé crassa, plicis tribus validissimis, 
acuté prominentibus ; labio externo costis sexdecim crenato : colore 
fulvo, fusco irregulariter fasciato. 

A thick shell, with the spire rather prominent, reticulated by 
obtuse ribs crossing each other. The aperture is rather wide at 
the anterior, the folds of the columella very prominent and sharp, 
the outer lip is strongly ribbed from within. 

West Indies. 


10. Cancettarta Canprpa (p. xcil. f. 8.), Sowerby, Conch. 
Hlustr. sp. 2. 


C. test’ ovali, alba; costis longitudinalibus, sub-noduliferis, 
transverse striatis decussaté ; spira acuminata, anfractibus subquad- 
ratis; columellé vix incrassatéi; plicis duo, und promiente: 
labio externo interne costato. 

Resembling C. reticulata, but white, with the longitudinal ribs 
sharper and more defined m proportion to the crossing  strie. 
Polynesia. 


11. CanceLLaRtIa AusTRALts (pl. xev. £.72, 73.), Sowerby, 
Conch. Llustr. sp. 24. 


C. testi alba, ovali, decussata mter costas minute striatis ; spira 
acuminati, anfractibus rotundatis; apertura interne plicata; 
columella plicis tribus obtusis. 

This shell, which 1s from New South Wales, is more oval and 
ventricose than C. candida, with the folds of the columella more 
obtuse, and the space between the cross ribs minutely striated. 


12. CaNCELLARIA ALBIDA (pl. xciv, f. 43.), Hinds, Zoology 
of Sulphur, p. 42. 


C. test ovali sub-clongata costis, longitudinalibus, sub-nodu- 
liferis transversé striatis decussaté; spiré acuminata, anfractibus 
subquadratis; columella vix incrassaté; plicis tribus obliquis ; 
labio externo interné costato. 


A narrower shell than C. candida, with the three folds of the 
columella less prominent and more equal. 


443 


13. CancELLaRta uRcEOLATA (pl. xeiv. f. 48.), LZimds, Zool. 
Sulphur. p. 41. pl. xi. f. 7, 8. 


C. testé subcylindrica, levigatd, epidermide fusci induta; spird 
acuminati, anfractibus angulatis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis 
decussatis, ultimi anfractis distantibus, complanatis ; anfractu 
ultimo anticé coarctato, ad columellam umbilicato; apertura 
interné leviter costaté labio externo anticé flexuosa, ad canalem 
leviter emarginato; columella biplicata. 

This shell was procured in the gulf of Papagayo and at San 
Blas, in seven to fourteen fathoms water, it is of an oval form, 
with the last whorl subcylindrical ; the spire is acuminated, con- 
sisting of angular whorls which are decussated and ribbed. The 
body whorl is rather contracted anteriorly and umbilicated near 
the anterior termination of the columella. ‘The ribs on the body 
whorl are distant, broad, and flat. 


14. CancELLARIA vENTRICosA (pl. xev. f.77.), Hinds, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1848, p.47. Zool. Sulphur. pl. xu. f. 11, 12. 


C. testé ovali, cancellaté, ventricos’; spira subelongaté, acumi- 
naté; anfractu ultimo, anticé subumbilicato: apertura levi; 
columella triplicati; labio externo ad marginem denticulato. 
Colore fulvo. 

From Realejo, on the W. coast of America. Something like 
C. candida, but of a brown colour, with a more acuminated spire, 
the whorls of which are less rounded ; and the mouth is smooth. 


15. CaNCELLARIA GRANOSA (pl. xev. f. 58, 59.), Sowerby, 
Conch. Illustr. No. 15. fig. 17. (f. 16, exclusa.) 


C. test& ovali, costis noduliferis granulaté; spird acuminata ; 
anfractibus angulatis, angulo prominente granoso: apertura intils 
leviter costaté; columellé granulata, obtus4 triplicata. Colore 
pallidé fulvo-rufescente, ad angulum anfractuum maculis castaneis. 

This shell, from Van Dieman’s Land, is distinguished by the 
spiral ribs forming a series of tubercles in passing over the longi- 
tudinal ribs, which are still more strongly tubercled at the angle 
of the whorls. The columella is granulated and its folds small ; 
the mouth is lightly ribbed within. The shell is of a delicate buff 
colour with chesnut spots on the angle of the whorls, and the 
mouth pale fawn. We separate the shell represented m Conch. 
Illustr. f. 16. 


16. CancELLaRIa UNDULATA (pl. xcii. f. 12.; pl. xev. £.79.), 
Sowerby gunr., Pro. Lool. Soc. 1848. 


444 


C. testa ovali, lineis undulatis, paululiim elevatis cincta ; costis 
crassiusculis subnoduliferis; anfractibus subangulatis ; apertura 
interné striaté; columelli crass, granulosa: colore fulvo-fusco, 
precipué ad angulum anfractuum, imterruptim fasciato. 

From Van Dieman’s Land. Mr. Cuming possesses a variety of 
stunted growth from the Philippines. This species was originally 
included with the preceding, from which it differs in the fineness 
of the strive, and the smallness of the spire compared with the 
body whorl. 


17. Cancetiarta Buccrnores (pl. xc. f. 10, 11.), Sowerby, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1832, p. 54. 


C. testi oblong’, costis longitudinalibus noduliferis, et costis 
transversis subduplicatis corrugaté: apertura ovati oblonga, 
margine diffusi, emarginaté interné leviter costatd, posticé sub- 
canalifer’; columella bi-plicataé, granuliferaé. Colore fulvo, inter 
costas fusco, in medium anfractuum albo-unifasciato. 

From Real Llejos, Iquique, Callao, and Puerto Portrero. The 
more or less duplicated ridges in crossing the longitudinal ribs 
form small nodules particularly at the angle of the whorls; but 


they are much more distant than in C. granulosa. 


18. CANCELLARIA INDENTATA (pl. xci. f.7; pl. xev. f. 80.), 
Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1832, p. 54. C. cremata, Hinds, Voy. 
Sulphur. p. 42. inclusa. 


C. test& oblonga clathrata, poné columellam umbilicata, costis 
longitudinalibus et transversis noduliferis cancellata; anfractibus 
angulatis ; apertura plerumque subquadrata, postice et antice sub- 
canalifera, interné costata; labio externo obtusé dentato, anticé 
emarginato: columellé corrugata, irregulariter triplicatd; colore 
fusco. 

From Panama, and a dwarf variety from the gulf of Forseca. 
The shell is cancellated by equidistant bars crossing each other, 
and forming nodules at their junction. The mouth is strongly 
ribbed internally; the outer lip is rather dilated and dentated ; 
the columella is corrugated, and has three irregular folds, of which 
the lowest is the smallest. After carefully noticing the gradation 
of specimens, I am led to regard the variety, fig. 80, named 
C. cremata by Hinds, as correctly included in this species, although 
more conical in form. There is also a dwarf variety which is 
short and rounded, left out of the plates by oversight. 


445 


19. CanceLLaria MiTRiFoRMIS (pl. xci. f. 24. var. f. 35.), 
Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1832. p. 51. C. uniplicata, Sowerby, 
P.Z.S. 1832. p. 173. 


C. testé oblonga, costis longitudinalibus et transversis numerosis, 
subnoduliferis cancellataé ; spiré acuminata ; anfractibus angulatis ; 
apertura levi; labio externo dentato, emarginato ; columella anticé 
producté, crenulaté, irregulariter bi-plicaté; colore brunneo ; 
variat nigricante. 

From Panama. In the variety named C. uniplicata, by Mr. 
Sowerby, senior, there is an indication of a second fold, which in 
an intermediate specimen becomes more decided: the gradation 
in other respects leaves no doubt on the mind of the describer of 
C. uniplicata, that, however different the dark-coloured specimens 
may appear, they are but incompletely formed varieties of C. mityi- 

Jormis, which is one of the most beautiful, as well as rare, of the 
Cancellaria in Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


20. CANCELLARIA cCLAVATULA (pl. xci. f. 13; pl. xev. 
f. 67.), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1832. p. 52. 


C. testé elongata, clavaté; costis longitudinalibus transversé 
striatis; varicibus raris elevatis: spird acuminata anfractibus 
angulatis: apertura interné levi, prope marginem dentaté; labio 
externo emarginato, columella bi-plicaté. Colore fulvo vel fusco 
bilineato. Variat striis ad costas acuté elevatis. 

From Panama and Payta, where it was taken up from sandy 
mud in seven fathoms water. Like the last species it is slender 
in form. It has elevated varices at different periods of growth, 
hike those in the genus 777¢on. The mouth is laterally prominent. 
Fig. 67 represents a variety with the crossing strie elevated into 
points at the angle of the whorls. 


21. CANCELLARIA T&HN1ATA (pl. xev. f. 75, 76.), Sowerby, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1848. 


C. testé oblonga, turrit’; costis numerosis, transverse striatis 
_ ad angulum anfractuum acuté angulatis; spird acuminata, apice 
mammelliferé; apertura interné levigati, margine acuto, columella 
levi, biplicaté. Colore pallidissimé fulvo, fusco teeniato. 

Shell oblong, turretted, with numerous transversely striated ribs, 
which are elevated into acute points at the angle of the whorls. 
The colour is disposed in transverse narrow bands on a very pale 
ground. Locality unknown. 


446 


22. CanceLtaria Piscatorum (pl. xc. f. 33.), Chemun. 
Conch. t. 10. f. 1151, 1152. C. nodulosa, Zam. Anim. sans vert. 


C. testa ovali, turrité, poné columellam umbilicatd ; costis acuté 
noduliferis, ad angulum anfractuum acuté elevatis; apertura 
magna, posticé angulataé ; labio externo dentato ; columella tortua, 
obscuré triplicaté. Colore griseo, fusco maculato, apertura fusca, 
albo unifasciato ; margine albo. 

From the sands at the mouth of the river Gambia. The mouth 
is large and angular, internally of a dark-brown colour, with white 
edge and one white band in the centre, the spme is formed of 
very distinctly angulated whorls. The ribs form sharp points at 
the angles. 


23. CANCELLARIA GEMMULATA (pl. xcu. f. 14.), Sowerby, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1832. p. 55. 


C. testa ovato-ventricosa, alba, costis numerosis noduliferis et 
sulcis elevatis cancellaté ; spira breviusculd, anfractibus rotunda- 
tis; aperturié magn, posticé subcanaliculaté, interné costata, 
margine dentato; columella anticé triplicaté, posticé uniplicata. 

Of an oval form, with smooth nodules formed by transverse 
ridges passing over regular ribs. Found in Nocoya bay, in a 
bottom of sandy mud. 


24, CaNcELLARIA DeEcussata (pl. xci. f.3.), Sowerby, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1832. p. 55. 


C. testa ovata decussatim costellata, costis ad juncturam nodu- 
liferis ; interstitiis quadratis ; spiré acuminata, anfractibus ro- 
tundatis; aperturd ovali, interne leviter costati; labio externo 
crenato; columellé wmbilicataé, validé triplicaté: colore fusco, 
albo unifasciato. 

From Panama and Puerto Portrero, in sandy mud, ten or 
thirteen fathoms water. Of an oval form, cancellated by equi- 
distant ridges crossing each other, and forming little knots at the 
juncture. The insterstices are square and smooth. 


25. CANCELLARIA ELEGANS (pl. xcii. f. 36. pl. xevi. f. 104.), - 
Sowerby, Genera of Shells. 


C. testa ovali, minuté lineis elevatis acutis decussatd; spirA 
acuminata; anfractibus ad suturam  subcanaliferis; apertura 
interné costata; labio externo denticulato; columella subumbili- 
cata, rugosa, triplicataé : colore fulvo, albo bifasciato ; apertura alba. 


447 


Of an oval form, minutely crossed by sharp ribs and striz. 
From the Isle Ticao. Taken in sandy mud at a depth of six 
fathoms. 


26. CANCELLARIA ASPERELLA (pl. xcu. f. 38. pl. xev. f. 74), 
Lamarck, hi. M. p. 347. £. 3. 


C. testd ovali, longitudinaliter costis angulatis, et transverse 
lineis elevatis acutis, asperrimé decussati; spd acuminata; an- 
fractibus ad suturam canaliferis; apertura interné costati; labio 
externo denticulato; columella subumbilicata, rugosa, triplicata : 
colore fusco, obscuré fulvo unifasciato. 

Much more coarsely and sharply decussated than C. elegans. 

From Baclayon, Island of Bohol, in seventeen fathoms water. 


27. CANCELLARIA MELANOsToMA (pl. xcv. f. 78), Sowerby 
gunr Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 


C. testa ovali, longitudinaliter striis noduliferis et transversé 
strus alternatis minuté decussata; spiré acuminata, anfractibus 
paucis, rotundatis ; apertura ovali, magna, interné costaté; labio 
externo denticulato; columella expansi, anticé granulata, tripli- 
cat&: colore pallidé fulvo fusco, laté fasciato ; labio externo bi-ma- 
culato, columella fusca nigricante. 

The smoothness of the striz, the more oval form, the peculiar 
dark colour and granulations of the columella serve to distinguish 
this species from the preceding. Mr. Cuming possesses the only 
specimen we have seen. 

From an unknown locality. 


28. CANCELLARIA OBLONGA (pl. xciii. f. 25), Sowerby, Tanc. 
Cat. appendix. p. 15. 


C. testa oblongo-ovali, striis transversis et longitudinaliter mi- 
uutissimé decussata; spira acuminatd, suturd profunda ; apertura 
oblonga, interné costati; labio externo denticulato; columella 
triplicata, anticé rugulos4 : colore pallidé fulvo, fasciis fuscis cincto. 

Much more elongated and more minutely striated than C. elegans. 

Found in coarse sand in the Straits of Maccassar. 


29. CANCELLARIA TESSELLATA (pl. xcill. f. 32), Sowerby, 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832. p. 51. 
C. testé ovali, oblongd, minuté cancellaté; apertura interné 
costaté; labio externo interné dentato; columella crassi, ex- 
pansa, bi-plicata: colore in maculis fuscis quadratis disposito. 


448 


From the bay of Caraccas. A small oval species with the 
columellar lip much thickened and the colour arranged in three 
rows of square brown spots. 


30. CANCELLARIA PuRPURIFORMIS (pl. xcv. f. 68, 70), 
Valenciennes, Kiener, Sp. Cocq. viv. no. 27. 


C. test& ovali, spiraliter striata, vix longitudinaliter costata, 
spira elongaté, obtusa, anfractibus rotundatis: apertura imterné 
striati; labio externo denticulato; columellé triplicata, anticé 
rugulaté: colore pallidé sulphureo. 

Oval, of a pale sulphur colour, with very obscure ribs, and 
minute spiral strie. 

Locality unknown. 


31. CanceLzarta corrucata (pl. xevi. f. 92, 93), Hinds, 
Voy. Sulph. Mollusca. p. 42. 


C. “testé bucciniformi fusci; anfractibus quaternis, subven- 
tricosis, rugis parvis longitudinalibus indutis, leis impressis 
decussatis ; apertura oblong’, fuscd; labio intus sulcato; colu- 
melli plicis duabus albidis instructé; umbilico nullo; canali 
mediocni.”” 

Resembling C. Purpuriformis, but with the upper whorls much 
more prominent. 

From the bay of Guayaquill: seven fathoms, mud. 


32. CANCELLARIA L&vIGATA (pl. xcn. f. 16. pl. xevi. f. 81), 
Sowerby, Conch. Illustr. f. 24. 


C. testa ovata, lavigati, crassi, spiri obtusi, anfractibus sub- 
angulatis, céstis levibus, in ultimo anfractu obsoletis ; apertura 
interne costati; labio externo interné denticulato: columella 
granulati, triplicata. Colore fulvo rufescente, fusco ad angulum 
anfractuum maculato: variat albo. 

Similar in form to the preceding, but smooth, the ribs only 
visible in the upper whorls. 

From New South Wales. 


33. CaNcELLaRTA LacTEA (pl. xcvi. f. 105), Deshayes, H. M. 
p. 180. 


C. testa obovata, levigatee stmillima sed “ tenui, translucida, 
anfractibus haud angulatis. 

Ttis by no means clear that this species being “ thin and trans- 
lucid” is the same as C. laevigata, which is a very thick shell 


449 


with rather angulated whorls. M. Kiener seems, however, to 
take it for granted. 


34. CanceLLaRia spirata (pl. xcii. f. 22), Lamarck, Anim. 
sans vert. 


C. testi ovata levigaté; spird turrité; anfractibus costatis, ad 
suturam canaliferis; apertura interné costati; labio externo levi ; 
columella triplicaté: colore sub-roseo, maculis fuscis ad angulum 
anfractuum. 

Resembling the coloured variety of C. /evigata, in every respect, 
excepting that the whorls are deeply grooved at the suture. 

From Garden Island, Swan River. 


35. CANCELLARIA ExcAvatTa (pl. xciil. f. 18), Sowerby junr. 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 


C. testa ovata levi; spira acuminata, turriti; anfractibus ad 
suturam profundé excavatis ; apertura breviuscula, angulata, labio 
externo levi, interné costato: columelld triplicaté, umbilicata ; 
colore nullo. 

Resembling C. spirata, but having the aperture short in pro- 
portion to the spire and the upper part of the whorls more deeply 
excavated. The shell is umbilicated and white. 

From South Australia. 


36. Cancettaria Covuruoyr (pl. xevi. f. 100, 101), Jay, 
Boston American Journal. 


C. testa parva, ovali, alb&, minuté spiraliter striaté; spira acu- 
minata, anfractibus rotundatis; apertura levi, ovali; columella 
obsoletissimé plicata. 

More oval in form than the following C. viridula, with the 
columella nearly smooth. 

From Massachusetts Bay. 


37. CANCELLARIA VIRIDULA (pl. xcvi. f. 102), Admete viridula ; 
Gould. 


C. testé oblonga, longitudinaliter obscuré ‘costata, spiraliter 
costaté; spird acuminata, anfractibus rotundatis; suturd valida; 
apertura brevi, levi; columella obsoleté plicaté; colore nullo; 
epidermide pallidé viridescente. 

Oblong, white, with acuminated spire. Fine strize passing over 
nearly obsolete ribs. The folds on the columella scarcely per- 
ceptible. 


450 


38. CANCELLARIA LITTORINZFORMIS (pl. xcil. f, 5, 6,9), Sow- 
erby, Conch. Ilustr. f. 14. 


C. testé rotundati, minuté granulatim decussata; spird obtusa ; 
suturaé nonnunquam sub-sulcata ; apertura interné costata, colu- 
mella triplicaté, umbilicaté: colore fusco. 

A short species resembling a common Periwinkle. Minute 
lines crossing each other on the surface produce a fine granulation. 
In some varieties the spire is more produced and the whole are 
slightly depressed at the suture. 

From Ceylon. 


39. CANCELLARIA VERRAUXII (pl. xcii. f. 28), Kiener, pl. vil. 
i S.sp. Ui. 


C. testa ovali, costis rugosis longitudinalibus, et lineis elevatis 
spiralbus cancellata: spiraé acuminati; anfractibus angulatis ; 
apertura interne striata, columella triplicata umbilicata, colore 
fusco rufescente. 

The spire more produced than in C. Littorineformis, with the 
surface cancellated ; of a ight brown-colour. 

Locality unknown. 


40. CANCELLARIA CANCELLATA (pl. xciv. f. 51. Lam. E. M. f. 4). 


C. testa ventricosd, costis longitudinalibus distantibus nodu- 
liferis et costis transversis undulatis acutiusculis cancellaté; an- 
fractibus rotundato-angulatis ; apertura posticé et anticé canalicu- 
lata, interne costata; columella crassa, anticé rugosa, triplicata ; 
umbilico magno: colore per fascias duas fuscas spirales disposito ; 
apertura alba. 

A ventricose shell, cancellated by spiral rather angulated ribs, 
crossing and forming nodules upon distant longitudinal ones. 
The umbilicus is large. 

Found in the River Gambia, and at Malaga in Spain. 


41. CANCELLARIA sIMILIs (pl. xciv. f. 42), Sowerby, Conch. 
Illustr. no. 9. 


C. testa ventricos4, costis longitudinalibus flexuosis, distantibus, 
et costis transversis acutis numerosis, sub-alternatis cancellata ; 
apertura posticé et antice canaliculaté, interné costulata, umbilico 
magno; colore griseo, et albo fusco fasciato. 

Like C. cancellata, but shorter, with the spiral ribs very much 
more numerous and having in some parts an interstitial rib. 

From Senegal. 


45) 


42, CANCELLARIA PULCHRA (pl. xciv. f. 41), Sowerby, Pro. 
Zool. Soc., 1832. p. 50. 


C. testa ventricosi, costis longitudinalibus angulatis, et costis 
spiralibus super costas longitudinales acuté angulatis, cancellata : 
anfractibus angulatis, ad angulum coronatis; apertura posticé et 
anticé canaliferd, interné costatd, margine dentato, columella crassa, 
rugosa, triplicati; umbilico magno, margine corrugato; colore 
ad angulum et in medium anfractuum fusco fasciato. 

Differing from C. cancel/ata in the angularity of the whorls and 
in the cross ribs being raised into angular points in passing over 
the longitudinal ones. The angle of the whorls is thus beautifully 
coronated and the edge of the aperture dentated. 

Collected by Mr. Cuming at St. Elena, in West Columbia ; sandy 
bottom. 


43. CaNcELLARIA Curysostoma (pl. xciv. f. 39), Sowerby, 
Pro. Zool. Soc., p. 54. 1832. 


C. testa ventricosd, solidi, spiraliter alternatim sulcatd; costis 
longitudinalibus magnis, rugosis ; spira brevi; anfractibus rotun- 
dato-angulatis ; aperturad interné costataé, ad marginem crenulata ; 
canali sub-producto; columella crass’, rugosa, validé triplicata ; 
umbilico magno ; colore griseo ad angulum anfractuum fusco uni- 
fasciato ; apertura aurantiaca. 

A ventricose shell with large umbilicus and thick rugose ribs ; 
the whorls angulated, the aperture ribbed inside and of a brilliant 
orange colour. 

Collected by Mr. Cuming, in sand (eight to ten fathoms water) 
at St. Elena and Panama. 


44, CANCELLARIA RUGOSA (pl. xciv. f. 44), Lamarck, BE. M. 
be oTOwie 6: 


C. test& ventricosa, solidi; spiraliter sulcaté, costis longitu- 
dinalibus magnis, rugosis; spiraé acuminata, anfractibus obtusé 
angulatis ; apertura obliqua, interné costata: labio externo crenu- 
lato, crasso; canali brevi; columella crassi rugosa, triplicata ; 
umbilico parvo, vix excavato: colore pallidissimé fulvo, rubro 
sparsim asperso, in medium anfractuum et ad angulum interrup- 
tim fasciato. 

Resembling C. chrysostoma, but with the umbilicus scarcely 
excavated, the spiral ribs not alternated, the angle of the whorls 
less elevated. It is of a light colour sprinkled with a reddish 


452 


colour with a band of colour between the ribs at the angle, and 
another below the centre of the ribs. 
From China. 


45, CaANCELLARIA Ha&MastoMa (pl. xciv. f. 53, 54, 55), 
Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 54. 


C. testé ventricosd, solida, spiraliter sulcatd, costis longitudina- 
hibus magnis; anfractibus rotundato-angulatis; apertura brevi, 
interné costati, ad marginem crenulatd; canali brevi; columella 
crass, rugosa, triplicaté; umbilico magno, sulcato; colore aper- 
turee aurantio, anfractuum, fusco fasciato et lineato: variat albo. 

It is much less rugose than C. chrysostoma, and the aperture 
much shorter and more rounded. 

From Gallapagos Islands, collected by Mr. Cuming from sandy 
mud, in eight to sixteen fathoms. 


46. CANCELLARIA SCALARINA (pl. xcvi. f. 87, 88), Chemn., 
Conch. t. iv. f. 1172, 1173. 


C. testa ovali-oblonga, turrita; costis distantibus, crassis, sub- 
angulatis, crenulatis, ad angulum anfractuum in angulum dupli- 
catum productis, interstitiis levibus; spira producta, anfractibus 
angulatis, ad suturam excavatis: apertura subtriangulari prope 
angulum posticum uniplicatd, imterné usque ad marginem costata, 
margine levi; canali antico producto, vix excavato; columella 
subrugosa, triplicata, umbilico sulcato; colore pallidissime fulvo, 
fusco rubescente late bifasciato: variat albo. 

Oblong oval, turreted ; with distant thick ribs which are cre- 
nulated on the right side and produced at the angle of the whorls 
into a double angle, the interstices are smooth, the spire is pro- 
duced, the whorls angular and hollow at the sutures; the aperture 
is partly triangular and grooved within; the umbilicus sulcated ; 
the colour consists of two broad bands of reddish brown. 

From the West Indies. 


47. CANCELLARIA CRISPATA (pl. xevi. f. 89), Sowerby, Conch. 
Tllustr. f. 20. 


C. testa ovali, turriti; costis subreflexis, crenulatis, ad angulum 
anfractuum in angulum triplicatum productis ; interstitis leviter 
striatis; spird breviusculé; anfractibus angulatis, ad suturam 
subexcavatis; apertura ovali, posticé angulaté, prope angulum 
uniplicatd, interné costata; margine crenato; canali antico exca- 
vato; columella rugosa triplicataé ; umbilico sulcato ; colore fusco 
nigricante, ad angulum et in medium anfractuum albo fasciato. 


453 


In this species the spire is shorter than in C. sca/arina, the 
ribs are more numerous, they are slightly reflected, and at the 
angle of the whorl produced into three pomts. The colour con- 
sists of two dark brown bands, which are as distinct in the 
aperture as on the whorls. 

Collected by Mr. Cuming at the Isle of Negroes, Philippines, 


in fine sand, five fathoms water. 


48, CANCELLARIA CRENIFERA (pl. xcvi. f. 84, 85, 86), 
Sowerby, Conch. Ilustr. f. 29. 


C. testa obliqué ovali, turrita; costis obliquis, distantibus, cre- 
nulatis, ad angulum anfractuum in angulum reflexum acutum 
productis ; interstitiis obsolete striatis ; spira producta, acuminata, 
anfractibus angulatis, ad suturam excavatis ; apertura oblique sub- 
triangulari, propé angulum posticum uniplicata, interné costata, ad 
marginem denticulata, canali antico producto ; columella levi, tri- 
plicaté ; umbilico levi, subtumido ; colore fusco, vel fulvo teniato. 

Shorter and more oblique than C. sca/arina, the ribs reflected 
at the angle of the whorls, and produced into a sharp point. 
The colour is either entirely brown or banded with brown, and 
ornamented by small lines across the ribs. 

Collected at Manilla bay by Mr. Cuming, in sandy mud, at 
five fathoms. 


49. CANCELLARIA LAMELLOSA (pl. xciv. f. 47. enlarged, 
pl. xevi. f. 106. nat. size), Hinds, Voy. Sulphur, Mollusca, p. 43. 


C. “testa ovata, acuminati, pallidi, contabulaté; anfractibus 
sex, ventricosis, lamellis numerosis confertis crenatis in loco cos- 
tarum instructis; apertura trigoni; labro incrassato, reflexo ; 
columella plicis tribus parvis; umbilico magno ; canali subnullo.” 

Of an obliquely oval form with laminated nbs in an oblique 
direction, crossed by raised lines, which near the suture of the 
whorls are elevated into a single point each. There is a band of 
dark brown seen between the ribs near the angle of each whorl. 
Fig. 47 is a representation twice the natural length of the spe- 
cimens described by Mr. Hinds. Fig. 106 is a larger variety. 

Indian Archipelago and Cape of Good Hope. 


50. CaNcELLARIA OBLIQUATA (pl. xcvi. f. 82, 83), Lamarck, 
Anim. sans vert. C. rosea, Bech. 

C. testa obliqué ovali, ventricosd ; costis obliquis parvis, minute 

crenulatis, numerosis, ad angulum anfractuum in angulum acutum 


454. 


productis, ultima propé marginem in varicem elevata: insterstitiis 
obsolete striatis ; spira breviusculé turrrita ; anfractibus angulatis, 
ad angulum coronatis, ad suturam excavatis; apertura obliqué 
subtriangulari, propé angulum posticum uniplicata, interné cos- 
tata, margine levi, canali antico brevi; umbilico sulcato; colore 
griseo vel roseo, costis fusco fasciatim punctatis. 

Shorter and more oblique than C. sca/arina with the ribs smaller 
and produced at the angle into a single blunt point. The colour 
is grey or pale rose, with small spots upon the ribs. 

Collected by Mr. Cuming at Manilla bay in sandy mud, eight 
fathoms water. 


51. CaNncELLARIA ARTICULARIS (pl. xevi. f. 90, 91), Sowerby, 
Conch. Illustr. f. 382. 


C. testa ovali, subventricosd; costis numerosis, crenulatis, ad 
angulum anfractuum im angulum obtusum productis, ultima prope 
marginem in varicem elevat&i; interstitiis obsoleté striatis ; spird 
turrité, producti; anfractibus angulatis, ad suturam excavatis ; 
apertura posticé canaliferé et uniplicata, interné levi, propé mar- 
ginem sulcata, margine levi; canali antico brevi; umbilico sul- 
cato ; colore roseo, costis fusco punctatis. 

Like C. obliquata, but less oblique, with the spire much more 
produced and the ribs much more rounded. Of a rose colour, 
with brown spots on the ribs. 


Collected at Ceylon by Dr. Sibbald. 


52. CaNncELLaRta ELATA (pl. xevi. f. 94, 95), Hinds, Voyage 
of the Sulphur, Mollusca, p. 42. pl. xu. f. 8, 4. 


“C, testa ovata’ elongata, acuminata, anfractibus septenis, costa- 
tis, superné angulatis, lineis elevatis decussatis ; sutura profanda ; 
aperiurd ovali; peritremate superné disjuncto; labro intus sul- 
cato; columella triplicaté; plicd inferiore maxim&; umbilico 
parvo, sub-occulto ; canali inflexo.” 

Found at Panama, in thirty fathoms water. 


53. CANCELLARIA FUNICULATA (pl. xcvi. f. 96, 97), Hinds, 
Voy. Sul. p. 43. pl. xu. f. 5, 6. 


“©, testa ovali, elongaté; anfractibus senis, costatis, superné 
subangulatis ; costis subdistantibus, elevatis, rotundatis, nodulosis, 
lineis elevatis decussatis; sutura profundd; labro intus sulcato ; 
columella plicis tribus parvis; umbilico marginato: canali sub- 
nullo.” 


455 


From the Gulf of Magdalena, California. Seven fathoms, 
sandy mud. 


54. CANCELLARIA TEXTILIs (pl. xcui. f. 34), Avener, Sp. Coq. 
viv. Gen. Cancellaria. p. 10. pl. vu. f. 1. 


C. testa turrita, obliqué ovali, costis tuberculatis subdistan- 
tibus; spiri producté; anfractibus angulatis, ad suturam exca- 
vatis: apertura posticé canaliferd et. uniplicaté, interné costata ; 
columella triplicati; umbilico parvo: colore fusco, tuberculis 
costarum albis. 

More oblique and with fewer ribs than C. sca/ata. The colour 
is dark brown, with the tubercles of the ribs white. 

From the Molluccas. 


55. CANCELLARIA scaLaTa (pl. xciii. f. 26), Sowerby, Conch. 
Illustr. f. 27. 


C. testa turrité; costis numerosis, noduliferis ; spiré producta ; 
anfractibus angulatis, ad suturam excavatis; aperturd posticc 
canaliferé et uniplicatdé, interné costaté; columella triplicata ; 
umbilico parvo; colore fulvo, apertura alba. 

The ribs are more distinctly tuberculated than in C. articularis, 
and the umbilicus is much smaller. The colour is pale fawn, 
varying to pink in the upper whorls. 


Collected by Dr. Sibbald on the sands at Ceylon. 


56. CanceLiaria contaButara (pl. xciii. f. 19, 23), Sowerby, 
Conch. Mlustr. f. 28. C. pusilla, Sowerby, Conch. Ilustr. f. 34. 
inclusa. 


C. testé turrité ventricosd, costis numerosis, noduliferis, spira 
breviusculd, anfractibus contabulatis; apertura magna, postice 
angulata, interné costaté; umbilico mediocri columella triplicata; 
colore pallide straminea, apertura alba. 

Like C. textis and C. scalata in general characters, but the 
upper part of the whorls presenting a broad, flat surface. Of a 
pale straw colour, with the aperture white and undefined, orange 
spots on the angle of the whorls. C. pusidla, figured im Conch. 
Illustr., is but a young specimen of this. 


Collected by Dr. Sibbald on the sands at Ceylon. 


57. CANCELLARIA rovEoLaTa (pl. xc. f, 30, 31), Sowerby, 
Junr., Pro. Zool. Soc. 1848. 


C. testa oblongo-ovali, turrita, levigaté; obsolete costata ; 


456 


spird producté ; anfractibus angulatis, ad suturam excavatis, ad 
angulum sub-coronatis: apertura triangulari, levi ; columella 
triplicaté ; umbilico mediocri ; colore fusco, vel fulvo teniato. 
From the sands at Algoa bay. Turreted, smooth, with distant and 
very obsolete ribs, the whorls of the spire are very deeply exca- 
vated near the suture. Of the two specimens collected by 


Mr. Cuming, one is entirely brown, and the other is beautifully 
lineated. 


58. CANCELLARIA costTiFERA (pl. xcv. f. 65, 66, 71), 
Sowerby, Conch. Illustr. f. 31. 


C. testa turrita, oblongo-ovali ; costis distantibus, subcrenulatis, 
validis, ad angulum anfractuum elevatis: spirad acuminata, anfrac-. 
tibus acute angulatis; apertura interné obsoleté costata ; posticé 
sub-angulatd, colore pallidé fulvo, vel interstitiis roseo, vel fusco. 

Taken in nine fathoms water, coarse sand, at the Island of 
Burea; by Mr. Cuming. The specimens figured in the Conch. 
Illustr., were worn, dead shells. 


59. CaNCELLARIA BICOLOR (pl. xciv. f. 49, 50; pl. xev. 
f. 69), Hinds, Voy. Sulph. Mollusca. p. 43. pl. 12. f. 18. 14. 


C. testa ventricosa, turrité ; spira brevi; anfractibus contabu- 
latis; costis distantibus, crassis, crenulatis ; interstitiis levibus 
apertura subtriangulari, posticé uniplicata, interne costaté crassa ; 
canali producto, umbilico triangulari ad marginem magno levi ; 
colore pallidissimé fulvo, fusco laté fasciato; variat roseo. 

A ventricose, angular species, with a flat area on the upper part 
of each whorl, a large umbilicus and triangular aperture. Nearly 
white, with a broad brown band in the centre; which, in one 
variety, is spread nearly all over the whorl. Another variety 
is of a pink colour. 

From Catbalonga and the Island of Samoa. 


60. Canceitaria costata (pl. xcv. f. 60, 61. pl. xevi. 
f. 103), Gray ? Conch. Ilustr. f. 42. C. rigida, Sowerby, Zool. 
Pro. p. 53, inclusa. 


C. test& ventricosa, turrita rugosa spira brevi, anfractibus con- 
tabulatis ; costis distantibus, crassis, rugosis; ad suturam lami- 
natis ; apertur’ subtriangulari, posticé uniplicato, interné costata, 
margine crassi; canali producto ; e umbilico magno, sulcato ; 
colore aurantio, vel fusco nigrescente. 
This species resembles C. bic olor, but is rugose in every part. The 


457 


colour of one variety is orange, that of the other is nearly black. 
I do not think C. rigida of Sowerby is distinct. 
From the sands in the river Gambia. 


61. CancELLaRIA BuLLATA (pl. xciv. f. 56), Sowerby, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1832, p. 51. 


C. testa ventricosd, rugosi ; anfractibus angulatis, ad angulum 
tuberculatis, ad suturam excavatis; umbilico magno ; apertura 
magna, levi; columella biplicaté, colore cinereo, apertura alba. 

The most ventricose of all the species, of a cimereous brown 
colour, tuberculated at the edge of the whorls. 

Found in the gulf of Nocoya. 


62. CANCELLARIA TUBERCULATA (pl. xciv. f. 52), Sowerby, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1832. p. 51. 


C. testa ventricosi, rugosi ; anfractibus angulatis, ad angulum 
et in seriebus tribus validé tuberculatis, ad suturam excavatis ; 
apertura magna levi, ad marginem undulata, columella biplicata ; 
umbilico magno, striato ; colore nullo. 

It is hike C. Bullata, but is rugose and strongly tuberculated. 
Tt is a white shell. 

From Iquiqui, in sandy mud, six to twelve fathoms water. 


63. CANCELLARIA BREVIS (pl. xcili. f. 21), Sowerby, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1832. p. 52. 


C. test ventricos’, rugosi, anfractibus angulatis, ad suturam 
excavatis ; costis crassis, tuberculatis, umbilico magno, crenulato, 
apertura triangulari; columelli biplicaté; colore griseo, fusco 
maculato. 

From Puerto Portrero, and St. Elena. Collected by Mr. Cuming, 
in sandy mud, six to twelve fathoms water. 


64. CANCELLARIA GONIOSTOMA (pl. xciv. f. 40.), Sowerby, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1832. p. 51. 


C. testa trigond, levi, anfractibus contabulatis ; costis crassis, 
raris, tuberculatis, praecipué ad angulum anfractuum ; umbilico 
maximo; apertura triangulari, margine crenato; columella bipli- 
caté: colore anticé pallidé fulvo, posticé castaneo, costis et peri- 
tremate fusco punctatis. 

At Conchagua, in sandy mud, eight fathoms, by Mr. Cuming. 


65. CANCELLARIA TRIGONOsTOMA (pl. xciv. f. 45, 46), 
Sowerby, Conch. Ilustr. f. 44. 


455 


C. testa turnité; anfractibus trigonis, ad basin angustatis, ad 
angulum coronatis, in medio sulcato ; umbilico maximo, margine 
crenulato; aperturé trigond, columella triplicaté ; colore pallideé 
violaceo. 

From Ceylon, widely different from all other species. 


66. CANCELLARIA sEMIDISJUNCTA (pl. xev. f. 62, 68), 
Sowerby, Junr. Pro. Zool Soc. 1848. 


C. test& ovali ventricosa, turrita, spiraliter sulcaté; anfractibus 
angulatis, ad suturam profundé disjunctis, ultima disjuncta : 
umbilico maximo, costato ; apertura triangulari ; columella tripli- 
cata, colore fulvo, fusco longitudinaliter fasciato. 

Cagayan, island of Mindinao, in twenty-five fathoms, sandy 
mud, by Mr. Cuming. 


67. CaNcELLARIA anTIQuATA (pl. xcil. f. 27), Hinds, Zoo- 
logy of the Sulphur, p. 48. pl. xn. f. 17, 18. 


Testa ovata, acuminata, contabulata, albidé ; anfractibus sep- 
tenis, planulatis, costatis, transversim striatis ; costis acutis, 
superné spinis cavis desinentibus ; apertura trigona ; labro reflexo ; 
columella plicis tribus minimis ; umbilico maximo. 

A most elegant little species with a trigonal aperture, large 
umbilicus, and the whorls separated from each other by a series 
of pits. 

From the shores of New Guinea; taken in coarse sand, 
twenty-two fathoms. 


68. CANCELLARIA acumINaTA (pl. xcil. f. 1), Sowerby, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1832. p. 58. 


C. test& ovali, levi, spiraliter obsoleté striata; spira sub-elon- 
gata, acuminaté ; anfractibus rotundato-angulatis ; apertura interné 
plicata, columella triplicata, posteriori magna: labio externo ad 
canalem emarginato. Colore fasciatim fulvo ; apertura alba. 

This shell, dredged by Mr. Cuming in sandy mud, at a depth 
of twelve fathoms at Guacomayo in Central America, is like 
C. reticulata in general form and character, but the ribs and sides 
are obsolete, and the spire is much longer in proportion to the 
aperture. 


459 


CANCELLARIA. 


LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES XCII. TO XCV1. 
(The Figure after each name 1s the number of the Species.) 


Fig. 


27. 


28 
29 
30, 31 
32 
33 


C. acuminata, Sp. 68. 
. — ovata, 7. 

. — decussata, 24. 

. —- solida, 5. 


. —— Littorineformis, 38. 


. —— indentata, 18, 
. — candida, 10. 


. —— Littorineformis, 38. 


. — Buccinoides, 17. 
. — undulata, 15. 

. — Clavatula, 20. 

. —gemmulata, 23. 
. — Cassidiformis, 1. 
. —levigata, 32. 

. — reticulata, 9. 

. —excavata, 35. 

. —contabulata, 56. 
. — Cumingiana, 4. 
. —~ brevis, 63. 

. — spirata, 34. 

. — contabulata, 56. 
. — Mitreeformis, 19. 
. — oblonga, 28. 

. —scalata, 55. 

— antiquata, 67. 

. — Verrauxii, 32. 

. — Spengleriana, 2. 
. — foveolata, 57. 

. — tessellata, 29. 

. — piscatorum, 22. 


Fig. 
34. C. textilis, Sp. 54. 
35. — Mitreformis, 19. 
36. — elegans, 25. 
37. — obesa, 8. 
38. — Asperella, 26. 
39. —— chrysostoma, 43. 
40. — goniostoma, 64. 
41. — pulchra, 42. 
42. —similis, 41. 
43. — albida, 12. 

44, — rugosa, 44. 
45,46. — trigonostoma, 80. 
47. —lamellosa, 49. 
48, —urceolata, 13. 

49, 50. — bicolor, 59. 
51. — cancellata, 40. 
52, — tuberculata, 62. 
53 to 55. — hemastoma, 45. 
56. — bullata, 61. 
57. — nodulifera, 3. 
58, 59. — granosa, 15. 
60, 61. — costata, 60. 
62, 63. — semidisjuncta, 66. 
64. — Bulbulus, 6. 
65, 66. — costifera, 58. 
67. — Clavatula, 20. 
68, 70. — Purpuriformis, 30. 
69. — bicolor, 59. 
71. — costifera, 58. 
72, 73. — Australis, 11. 


Fig. 
74. C. Asperella, Sp. 26. 
75, 76. teeniata, 21. 
77. —ventricosa, 14. 
78. — Melanostoma, 27. 
79. — undulata, 16. 
80. — indentata, 18. 
81. — levigata, 32. 
82, 83. — obliquata, 50. 
84 to 86. —crenifera, 48. 
87, 88. —scalarina, 46. 


89. 


— crispata, 47. 


Na 


460 


90, 91. C. articularis, Sp. 51. 

92, 93. — corrugata, 31. 

94,95. —elata, 52. 

96, 97. —funiculata, 53. 

98, 99, 
100, 101. 
102. — viridula, 37. 


103. 
104. 
105. 
106. 


not a Cancellaria. 
— Couthoyi, 36. 


— costata var. rigida, 60. 
— elegans, 25. 

— lactea, 33. 

— lamellosa, 49. 


ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


acuminata, Sp. 68. f. 1. 
albida, 12. f. 43. 
antiquata, 67. f. 27. 
articularis, 51. f. 90, 91. 
asperella, 26. f. 38, 74. 
Australis, 11. f. 72, 73. 
bicolor, 59. f. 49, 50, 69. 
brevis, 63. f. 21. 


Buccinoides, 17. f. 10, 11. 


bulbulus, 6. f. 64. 
bullata, 61. f. 56. 
cancellata, 40, f. 51. 
candida, 10. f. 8. 
Cassidiformis, 1. f. 15. 
chrysostoma, 43, f. 39. 
clavatula, 20. f. 18, 67. 
contabulata, 56. f. 19, 23. 
corrugata, 31. f. 92, 93. 


costata, 60. f. 60, 61, 103. 
costifera, 58. f. 65, 66, 71. 


Couthoyi, 36. f. 100, 101. 


cremata, see indentata, 18. f. 80. 


crenifera, 48. f. 84 to 86. 


crispata, Sp. 47. f. 89. 
Cumingiana, 4. f. 20, 
decussata, 24. f. 3. 

elata, 52. f. 94, 95. 

elegans, 25. f. 36, 104. 
excavata, 35. f. 18. 

foveolata, 57. f. 30, 81. 
funiculata, 53. f. 96, 97. 
gemmulata, 23. f. 14. 
goniostoma, 64. f. 40. 
granosa, 15. f. 58, 59. 
heemastoma, 45. f.53 to 55. 
indentata, 18, f. 7, 80. 
imperialis, see nodulifera, 3. f. 57. 
lactea, 33. f. 105. 

lamellosa, 49. f. 47, 106. 
laevigata, 32. f. 16, 81. 
Littorineformis, 38. f. 5, 6, 9. 
melanostoma, 27. f. 78. 
Mitreeformis, 19. f. 24, 35. 
nodulifera, 8. f. 57. 

nodulosa, see piscatorum, 22. f. 33. 
obesa, 8. f. 37. 


obliquata, Sp. 50. f. 82, 83. 
oblonga, 28. f. 25. 

ovata, 7. f. 2. 

piscatorum, 22. f. 33. 
pulchra, 42. f. 41. 
Purpuriformis, 30. f. 68, 70. 
pusilla, contabulata, 56. f. 19. 
reticulata, 9. f. 17. 

rigida, see costata, 60. f. 103. 
rosea, see obliquata, 50. f. 82, 83. 
rugosa, 44, f. 44, 

scalarina, 46. f. 87, 88. 
scalata, 55. f. 26. 
semidisjuncta, 66. f. 62, 63. 
sunilis, 41. f. 42. 


461 


solida, Sp. 5. f. 4. 

Spengleriana, 2. f. 29. 

spirata, 34. f. 22. 

teeniata, 21. f. 75, 76. 

tessellata, 29. f. 32. 

textilis, 54. f. 34. 

trigonostoma, 80. f. 45, 46, 
Tritonis, see Spengleriana, 2. f. 29. 
tuberculata, 62. f. 52. 

undulata, 16. f. 12, 79. 
uniplicata, see Mitreeformis, 19, f. 35. 
urceolata, 13. f. 48. 

ventricosa, 14. f. 77. 

Verrauxii, 39. f. 28. 

viridula, 37. f. 102. 


463 


MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS 


NAUTILUS. 


Char. Gen. Molluscum cephalopodum. Testa univalvis, libera, 
suborbicularis, convoluta, concamerata; anfractibus contiguis ; 
septis transversis, extis concavis, siphunculo perforato, margi- 
nibus integris : apertura amplissima. 

By the common consent of the more modern naturalists, this 
genus retains the name of Navritus, although it is not very 
nearly related to the Nautilus of Pliny, which is called Argonauta 
by the moderns, to which the commonly received and elegantly 
embodied fiction 


‘Learn of the little Nautilus to sail” 


of right belongs, and has no reference whatever to the present 
genus. 

Few are the recent species of Nautilus as yet known, five being 
the utmost, of which one may be only a sexual variation of the 
common N. Pompilius, and oue other has only very lately been 
discovered. Of fossil species there are many, belonging to most 
of the geological series, from the carboniferous limestone upwards. 
We believe that all the fossil species are distinct from the recent, 
more particularly we are convinced that this is the case with the 
species found at Dax, whose siphon is so very remarkably dispro- 
portionate.* 


1. Navrizus Pompruius (pl. xevi. f.1., and pl. xevui. f. 6), 
LTninn. 


Testa suborbicularis, subdepressa, pallescens, postice ferrugineo 
radiatim multistrigata, strigis ad centrum continuis, supra dorsum 
numerosioribus, contiguis ; apertura oblongo-cordaté, angustiori ; 
umbilico clauso. 

This, which is by far the commonest species, is somewhat 


* Tn this opinion we are supported by M. Basterot, who has pointed out the dis- 
tinguishing characters, and names the fossil, W. Atwrz. 


464: 


orbicular in its general form, but not spheroidal, being con- 
siderably depressed ; it is generally of a pale colour, and nearly 
wlite, though sometimes covered with a rusty epidermis; the 
posterior part is covered with radiating, irregular, reddish-brown 
stripes ; which continue to the centre, and are more numerous 
and close-set on the dorsal part ; in front it is destitute of stripes. 
The aperture is of an oblong heart-shape, and rather narrow, and 
the umbilicus is completely covered. 


2. Nautitus ambieuus (pl. xevil. f. 2), nobis. 


Testa suborbicularis, subventricosa, pallescens, posticé ferru- 
gineo radiatim multistrigata, strigis ad centrum discontinuis, 
supra dorsum paucioribus, subcontiguis; apertur&é oblongo-cor- 
data, laté ; umbilico clauso. 

This may possibly be only a variety of the foregoing ; there 
are, however, several differences which appear to be constant. It 
is nearly the same in general form, but not so much depressed, 
its aperture is oblong-cordate, but wider than that of V. Pompilius : 
it is usually nearly white, with reddish-brown radiating stripes, 
which are rather close-set on the dorsal part, but do not continue 
to the centre ; the umbilicus is entirely covered. 


3. Navurinus umsizicatus (pl. xevui. f. 7), Lzster, (not 
Linn.) N. scrobiculatus, Solr. MS. Dillwyn. Descr. Catal. p. 38. 


Testa suborbicularis, subdepressa, utrinque laté umbilicata, 
marginibus umbilicorum rotundato-angulatis; lateribus subru- 
gosis; pallescens, posticé radiatim ferrugineo strigata, strigis ad 
dorsum contiguis, versus centrum discontinuis, umbilico ferru- 
gineo, radiatim substrigato. 

This species is entitled to the name of wmdbilicatus, because that 
name was given to it by Lister, and Linné’s wmbilicatus is not a 
Nautilus, but one of the minute Foraminifera. We have, there- 
fore, dropped Solander’s manuscript name, afterwards published 
by Dillwyn, of serobcculatus. ‘This is one of three umbilicated 
species in which the outer edge of the umbilicus forms a rounded 
angle; the umbilicus is also larger than in the other species. The 
streaks of colour, which are close-set on the dorsum, do not con- 
tinue on the sides towards the umbilicus. 


4, NAUTILUS MACROMPHALUS (pl. xcvi. f. 4, 5), xobis. 


Testa suborbicularis, subventricosa, utrinque umbilicata, mar- 
ginibus umbilicorum rotundatis; pallescens, posticé radiatim fer- 


465 


rugineo strigata, strigis ad umbilicum continuis ; margine interno 
umbilico albicante, externo ferruginea. 

In form this species most nearly resembles WV. ambiguus, though 
in its colouring it is like V. Pompilius. Its large umbilicus, with 
a rounded margin, at once distinguishes it from both. 


5. Navritus steNompHa.us (pl. xevii. f. 3), wodis. 


Testa suborbicularis, subventricosa, utrinque umbilicata, um- 
bilico angusto, margine umbilici subinterno leviter angulato ; 
pallescens, posticé radiatim ferrugineo strigata, strigis ad dorsum 
contiguis, ad centrum discontinuis ; apertura rotundato-cordata. 

Nearly similar in shape to WV. macromphalus, but distinguished 
by the smallness of its umbilicus, the subinternal margin of which 
is slightly angular: in colouring it is like V. ambiguus. 


NAUTILUS. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES XCVII. AND XCVIIL. 


Fig. 
1. N. pompilius, sp. 1. 
2... ambiguus, 2. 

3. .. stenomphalus, 5. 
4,5. .. macromphalus, 4. 
6. .. pompilius, 1. 

7. «e umbilicatus, 3. 


i 
FeO vary 


Cnt 


ne 


h ne if 
River 


467 


MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS 


OVULUM. 


Char. Gen. Molluscum Tracheliopodum marinum. ‘Testa con- 
voluta, ovalis vel fusiformis, spird czlat&; apertura bicanalifera, 
columella levi. Operculum nullum. 

The spire is enclosed by the last whorl. The aperture has a 
canal at each end. The columella is smooth. The mantle of the 
animal covers a considerable portion of the shell. 


Ovutum Ovom (pl. xcix. f.1, 2,3), Bulla Ovum, Awctorwm. 
Ovula oviformis, Zam. Anim. s. vert. vii. p. 366. 


O. testa ovali, polité, alba; canalibus brevibus, ad extremitates 
emarginatis: apertura anticé sub-aperta, sanguinea ; labio externo 
ints crenulato, anticé breviusculo, labio interno posticé tumido, 
anticé subtortuoso, emarginato, ad canalem posticum angustato 
sub-spirali, ad canalem anticum crasso rectiusculo. 

Oval, polished, white, with short ends; the aperture widened 
at the lower part, inside of a brownish red colour ; outer lip cre- 
nulated within, shortened at the lower end; inner lip with a 
rounded elevation on the upper part of the body, whorl, at the 
posterior canal narrowed, and then sub-spiral; at the anterior 
canal thickened and rather straight. 

Found in the Indian Ocean, and in the Society and Philippine 
Islands. 


2. OvuLtum aneuLosum (pl. xcix. f. 4.5), Lam. Anim. s. 
vert. vil. p. 367. O. costellata, Zam. Ann. du Mus. xvi. p. 110. 
Bulla imperialis, Dillwyn. 


QO. testa ventricos’, subangulaté, levi, alb ; dorso tumido, 
anguloso ; obscure costellato ; canalibus brevibus, anticé ad extre- 
mitatem emarginata ; apertura angusta, ints violaced; labio ex- 


468 


terno crasso, intiis crenulato; anticé sub-angustato; ad canalem 
posticum recedente, ad canalem anticum rectiusculo. 

Oval in general form, angular at the back, and otherwise dif- 
fering from O. ovum, in the retrocession of the inner lip at the 
posterior canal, and in the delicate violet colour of the mouth. 

From the Friendly Islands, Humph. Tanzebar, Cuming. 


3. OvuLum concinnum (pl. ci. f. 86, 87), Sowerby, junr. 
Moll. Voy. Samarang. 


O. testa parva, ventricosa, angulata, alba vel rose’, minutissimé 
striata; dorso tumido, anguloso; canalibus brevibus obtusis, in- 
tegris; aperturd angusti; labio externo intus denticulato, in 
medio anguloso, labio interno posticé tumorem angulosum cre- 
nulatum ferente, interné longitudinaliter sulcato, anticé angustato, 
ad canalem posticum recedente, ad canalem anticum prominente, 
angustato, sub-uniplicato. 

A miniature resemblance of O. angulosum, more angular, minutely 
striated, with a groove along the inner lip, and an elevated, an- 
gular tumidity on the body whorl near the angle. It is white, or 
pale rose. 

From the Island of Capul, Philippines, by Mr. Cuming; and 
off Loo-Choo, by Sir E. Belcher, in the Samarang. 


4. Ovutum tacteum ( pl. ci. f. 67 to 69), Lamarck, Anim. 
s. vert. vil. p. 368. 


O. testa ovata, levi, albi; dorso ventricoso, sub-angulato, ob- 
scuré costellato; canalibus brevissimis, obtusis, vix emarginatis, 
apertura angusté ; labio externo complanato, intis dentato ; labio 
interno intis longitudinaliter concavo, posticé ad canalem angu- 
loso, anticé prope canalem angustato, ad canalem sub-uniplicato. 

Resembling O. verrucoswm in general form, but has not the cir- 
cular “ worts” which distinguish that species. 

From the Pacific Ocean, Spec. Conch. From Masbaté, Zanze- 
bar, Capul, and Philippines, Cuming. 


5. Ovuntum verrucosvM (pl. ci. f. 78, 79), Lamarck. Anim. 
s. vert. vi. 367. 


O. testa ventricosa ovali-subangulata, levi, alba ; dorso tumido, 
leviter striato, in medio angulato, anticé et posticé prope extremi- 
tates verruca circulari instructa; canalibus brevissimis, ad extre- 
mitates validé emarginatis, roseis; labio externo in medio lato, 
angulato intis dentato, ad extremitates sub-productis; labio in- 
terno breviusculo, sub-complanato intus compresso, anticé an- 
gustato. 


469 


Oval in general form, angular at the back, with a circular small 
swelling at each extremity, encircled by a cicatrix. 
Found in the Indian Ocean, and Islands Guimaras, Philippines. 


6. OvuLum BREVE ( pl. ci. f. 70, 71), Sowerby, Sp. Conch. 
No. 1. p. 5. 


O. testa ovali, alba, levi, canalibus brevibus, integris, apertura 
angusta, labio externo intis crenulato, labio interno margine ele- 
vato, posticé tumido, anticé ad canalem uniplicato. 

Resembling O. dactewm in general form, but with the margin 
of the inner lip raised into a flexuous keel along the front of the 
shell. 

Locality unknown. 


7. OvuLum marearita (pl. ci. f. 93, 94). “ Liceum marga- 
rita,’ Humph. ined. 


O. testa sub-globos4, subpyriformi, alb&; dorso obscuré sub- 
costellaté, canalibus brevibus, integris; aperturé angusti, labio 
exter crasso levi, intus crenulato; posticé labium imternum su- 
perante, in medio lato; labio interno levi, posticé tumorem cras- 
sum subrotundatum ferente, ad canalem recedente, anticé tumido 
ad canalem uniplicato, inttis excavato. 

A smooth, rather globose white shell, with a rather thick tumi- 
dity on the body whorl. 

From Puerto Galero and Ticao, Philippines, Cuming. Friendly 
Islands, Humphry. 


8. OvuLum BuLLA (pl. ci. f. 82, 83.) Sowerby, junr. Moll. 
Voy. Samarang, p. 21. pl. vi. f. 5. a, d. 


O. testA ventricos’, subcylindraced, levi, anticé sub-acumi- 
nata; canalibus brevissimis integris; labio externo in medio 
sub-rotundo, intus crenulato; labio interno posticé tumorem 
parvum ferente, ad canalem angustato, uniplicato, intus paululum 
excavato. 

Differing from O. margarita and O. punctatum in form, being 
more cylindrical and very narrow at the anterior extremity. 
Brought in the Samarang, from the China Seas. 


9. OvuLUM UMBILICATUM (pl ci. f. 88, 89), Sowerby, junr., 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 


O. testé globos& sub-pyriformi, alba, roseo pallidé tincto, dorso 


470 


ad extremitates rubro lineato, ad terminum posticum umbilicato ; 
apertura sub-aperté; labio externo angustato, ints crenulato, 
posticé labium internum superante ; labio interno posticé tumo- 
rem elevatum denticulatum ferente, ad canalem lineari, anticé bi- 
costellato, ad canalem uniplicato. 

Agreeing with O. margarita in general appearance, but the 
outer lip is thinner, the mouth wider, the upper callosity elevated 
and denticulated, and there is a small umbilicus behind the pos- 
terior termination of the outer lip. 

From Ticao, Philippines ; Cuming. 


10. Ovutum marernatum (pl. xcix. f. 9, 10), Sowerby, Sp. 
Conch. No. 1. p. 5. 


O. testa ventricos’, sub-pyriformi, alba, lined aurantié ad mar- 
ginem cincta, dorso costellato, extremitatibus obtusis ; apertura 
in medio sub-contracta, labio externo intis crenulato, in medio 
prominente ; labio externo levi, tts excavato, posticé tumorem 
obliquum, crenulatum ferente, ad canalem emarginato, anticé 
tumido, ad canalem uniplicato. 

Of an oval ventricose form, slightly narrowed at the lower end, 
the outer lip prominent in the centre, the enamel of the inner lip 
and the dorsal edge of the margin defined by a strong orange line 
of colour. 

Locality unknown. 


11. Ovutum pyriroRite (pl. ci. f. 72, 73), Sowerby, Sp. 
Conch. No. 1. p. 5. 


O. testi ventricos’ pyriformi, striata, fulvo nubeculata ; canali- 
bus sub-productis, antico subreflexo, emarginato ; aperturd anticé 
sub-aperta ; labio externo lato, ints crenulato, ad canalem posti- 
cum planulato ; labio interno expanso, inttis sub-excavato, posticé 
angulosim tumido, ad angulum nullo, anticé tortuoso, tumido. 

The most pyriform of all the species. The posterior part of 
the outer lip is flattened at its juncture with the inner. Colour, 
clouded, yellowish-brown. 

From New South Wales. 


12. Ovutum apriaticum (xcix. f. 13, 14), Sowerby, Sp. 
Conch. No. 1. p. 4. 


O. testa ovali, ventricosA sub-pyriformi, alba, pellucida, dorso 

»% . . - . A 
obscure sub-costellato; canalibus brevibus, integris; apertura 
aperté; labio externo angusto, intis crenulato, labio interno levi, 


471 


posticé tumorem obliquum ferente, ad canalem tenwi, tortuoso, 
- anticé sub-tortuoso intis sub-excavato, ad canalem acuminato. 
Oval, or rather pear-shaped, ventricose, thin, white ; the aperture 
not very narrow, the canals shghtly produced, tumidity of the 
body whorl oblique. 
From the Adriatic Sea. 


13. Ovutum carNneum (pl. ci. f. 74 to 77), Lamarck, Anim. 
s. vert. vil. p. 368. 


O. testa ovali, ventricosd, rubro flavescente; dorso prope ex- 
tremitates minutissimé  striato; canalibus brevibus, integris ; 
apertura angusti ; labio externo intts crenulato, ad extremitates 
angustato ; labio mterno leevi, expanso, posticé tumido, ad canalem 
angustato recedente, anticé angusto, intis excavato, ad canalem 
peené uniplicato. 

Resembling O. adriaticum, but more solid, rather more angular ; 
of a beautiful red colour, softened into flesh-tint, slightly striated 
near the extremities. 

From the Mediterranean. The white variety was brought by 


Mr. Cuming from Ticao, Philippines. 


14. Ovutum nuBecutatum (pl. ci. f. 80, 81), Sowerby, junr. 
Moll. Samarang, pl. vi. f. 12. a, 4, ¢. 


O. test ventricosi, sub-pyriformi, pallide rubro vel fulvo nu- 
beculato ; dorso obscure costellato ; canalibus brevibus, vix emar- 
ginatis; apertwrd angusti, labio externo intus crenulato, prope 
medium sub-complanato; labio interno tumorem elevatum cras- 
sum ferente, ad canalem breve et recedente, anticé tumido, intis 
excavato, ad canalem sub-uniplhiato. 

More pyriform (that is, with the most ventricose part higher) 
than O. carneum, the posterior canal is shorter, and the posterior 
tumidity more elevated. ‘The colour consists of pale or strong 
fulvous red, arranged in three cloudy bands. 

Taken near the Island of Basilan. : 


16. Ovutum puNctatuM (pl. ci. f. 90 to 92), Duclos. Guerin. 
Mag. Zool. 1828. 


O. testé ventricosi, sub-pyriformi, pallidé rose4 ; dorso punctis 
vel maculis sex rubris ornato, ad marginem rubro pallidé lineato ; 
apertura angustata, labio externo crasso, levi, intts crenulato, 
posticé Jabium internum superante, sub-producto ; labio interno 
levi, postice tumorem elevatum, sub-angulatum, crenulatuin 


472 


ferente, ad canalem recedente ; anticé angustato, ad canalem sub- 
uniplicato, intts excavato. 

This exquisite species resembles O. margaritum in form, but 
the callosity on the body whorl is more angular and crenulated. 
There are six spots arranged in two rows on the back, which, in 
one variety, are spread into wavy patches of red. 

Capt. Belcher brought specimens in the Samarang, from the 
China seas ; and Mr. Cuming*collected others at Capul and Batan- 
zas, Phihppines. 


16. Ovutum srrtatuLum (pl. ci. f. 84, 85), Sowerby, Sp. 
Conch. 1. p. 7. 


O. testa parvd, oblong’, angulosi, minuté striata, alba, vel 
rose ad extremitates rubra, dorso tumido, subangulato ; canalibus 
sub-productis, paululim ad extremitates emarginatis; apertura 
angustaé; labio externo sub-complanato, dentato; labio mterno 
posticé tumorem triangularem prominentem crenulatum ferente, 
iterné longitudinaliter sulcato, anticé tumido, angustato, ad can- 
alem posticum recedente, ad canalem anticum sub-uniplicato. 

Of an angular, oblong form, minutely striated at the back, the 
extremities produced, and a triangular tumidity on the posterior 
part of the body whorl, the teeth of the outer lip reach nearly to 
the outer margin. The white shell was brought by the Samarang. 
The small rose-coloured specimen with red tips, was brought by 
Mr. Cuming, from Batanzas, Philippines ; and by Lieut. Belcher, 
off Loo-Choo. 


17. Ovutum BuLtatum (pl. ci. f. 95, 96), Sowerby, junr., 
Moll. Samarang, pl. vi. f. 13. a, 0. 


O. testa ovali-oblongd, minuté striata, roseo tincta, ad extremi- 
tates fusco lineat&; dorso ad marginem sulcato ; canalibus sub-pro- 
ductis, integris; apertura angust4, labio externo intis crenato, 
complanato; labio interno tumido, levi, intis depresso, sub- 
suleato, posticé bullulam prominentem crenulatam ferente, ad 
canalem sub-tortuoso, anticé sub-excavato, ad canalem uni- 
plicato. 

Of an oval form, striated at the back. The inner lip of the 
posterior canal slightly tortuous, the outer lip flattened, slanting 
inwards and crenulated, the body whorl in front near the posterior 
angle having a raised, rounded, prominent pustule. 

By the Samarang. Caramata Passage, near Sincapore. Ten 
fathoms. 


473 


18. OvuLum porsvosum (pl. ci. f. 97, 98), Hinds, Moll. 
Voy. Sulphur, p. 47. pl. xvi. £3, 4. 


“O testa elongato-ovata, minutissimeé striati, utrinque sub-acu- 
minatié; dorso supra medium rotundato, inferné attenuato, labro 
anticé planulato, sulcato; columellé inferné sub-excavatd, intis 
plicd longitudinali munita.” 

In some degree resembling O. sériatudum, but the thick part is 
higher and more rounded; the outer edge of the outer lip, and 
the callosity and edge of the canal are crenulated. 

Found at the straits of Malacca, in mud, at the depth of nine 
fathoms. 


19. OvuLum HorDaceum (pl. ci. f. 110 to 112), Lamarck, 
Anim. s. vert. vil. p. 369. 


O. testé oblonga, sub-cylindraced, striatd flavidd rubescente, vel 
rubré supra medium angulati, ad angulum crenulatum, ad ex- 
tremitates angustata ; labio externo posticé angulato, extis crenu- 
lato, intis minuté denticulato, ad canales emarginato, labio interno 
posticé tumido, crenulato, ad canalem acuminato, anticé intis 
longitudinaliter uniplicato, ad canalem acuminato. 

A rather cylindrical, striated shell, with a carinated angle above 
the centre ; the outer lip is crenulated at the outer edge, as well 
as on the flat, ner surface. 

From the Hast Indian Archipelago. 


20. OvuLum coarcratum (pl. ci. f. 108, 109), Sowerby, 
junr., Moll. Voy. Samarang. pl. vi. f. 2. a, 6. 


O. testa elongata, sub-cylindracea, fulva, striaté, supra medium 
gibbosd, ad extremitates coarctatd, labio externo paululdm in- 
crassato, leevi, anticé sub-angulato; labio imterno intis sub-de- 
presso, ad extremitates acuminato. 

This shell resembles O. hordacewm in some degree, but is not 
angular, and has the outer lip smooth. It may, however, very 
possibly be a young shell. 

Brought in the Samarang from the Straits of Sunda, near Java. 


21. OvuLum pentatum (pl. ci. f. 101, 102), Sowerby, junr. 
Moll. Samarang. pl. vi. f. 4. a, 0. 


O. testé parva, oblong’, sub-angulatdé, minuté striata; pallidé 
rosed, fusco rubescente variegat&é; canalibus sub-productis, emar- 
ginatis; apertura angustata; labio externo breviusculo, compla- 


474 


nato, ints et ad extremitates usque ad marginem dentato; labio 
interno levi, intts longitudinaliter sulcato, posticé tumorem ele- 
vatum crenulatum ferente, ad canalem recedente; anticé angus- 
tato, tumido; ad canalem sub-uniplicato. 

Not so angular as O. striatudwm, and with the teeth of the 
outer lip forming denticulations at the outer margin. ‘The colour 
is pale rose, strengthened at the margin and extremities, with two 
longitudinal waved bands at the back. 

Brought in the Samarang. Caramata Passage. 


22. Ovutum Formosum (pl. ci. f. 99, 100), Sowerby, junr., 
Moll. Samarang, pl. vi. f. 6. a, 6. 


O. testé elongaté, in medio sub-angulata, violaced, ad extremi- 
tates fuscd, lineis puncturatis cincté; canalibus brevibus, validé 
emarginatis ; apertura angusté; labio externo in medio sub- 
angulato, denticulato, ad extremitates brevi, posticé ad marginem 
externum dentato; labio interno levi, longitudinaliter sulcato, 
posticé tumido, ad canalem angusto, rectiusculo, anticé ad canalem 
rectiusculo. 

Of an elongate angular form, and remarkably bright violet 
colour with yellow tips; the spiral strize regular and beautifully 
punctured, the extremities rather produced, the outer lip short at 
the ends, and denticulated; the denticulations reaching the outer 
margin at the posterior extremity. 

Brought in the Samarang. ast coast of Borneo. 


23. Ovutum Frumentum (pl. a. f. 108, 104), Sowerby, 
Sp. Conch. No. tp. 77. 


“©. test&é oblongi, dorso transversim gibboso, rubescente, 
transversim albido-unifasciaté ; labio externo margine planulato 
intts denticulato ; labio columellari superné calloso, infra depresso ; 
extremitatibus sub-acuminatis obtusiusculis.” 

The only specimen of this shell which I have seen is the one 
in the British Museum; it is of a crimson colour, with a white 
band in the centre of the back. It is not unlike O. Seminulum ; 
but the ends are narrower, and the outer lip is denticulated. 

Locality unknown. 


24. OvuLum triticeum (pl. c. f. 20, 21), Lamarck, Anim. 
s. vert. vil. p. 361. 


O. testi longitudinaliter ovali, levi, rubra; canalibus brevius- 
culis ; apertura aperta, labio externo intts crenulato, anticé sub- 


475 


emarginato ; labro interno posticé tumorem rotundatum, elevatum, 
ferente, ad canalem sub-uniplicato, intus sub-excavato. 

Of a rather oval form, smooth, crimson; the outer lip denticu- 
lated ; the callosity on the upper part of the body whorl smooth, 
oblique, rounded; the imner hp shghtly excavated near the 
anterior. 

Locality unknown. 


25. OvuLuMm sEMINULUM (pl. c. f. 41, 42), Sowerby, Sp. Conch. 
Now Lop. t. 


O. testi ovali sub-clongaté, levi, purpurea vel rosed, obtusa ; 
canalibus brevibus ; labio externo levi; labio interno tumido, 
anticé paululim excavato. 

A violet or rose-coloured small shell, of the cylindrical clays, 
very slightly angular in the middle, very obtuse at each extremity : 
the outer lip is smooth, and the callosity of the body whorl very 
slightly raised. 

From the Friendly Islands. 


26. Ovutum ostusum (pl. c. f. 22 to 24), Sowerby, Sp. 
Conch. No 1. p. 1. 


O. test& solidd sub-angulata, utrinque obtusd pallidissima 
cinerea, vel fulva levi, canalibus breviusculis, integris ; apertura 
anticé sub-aperté ; labio externo crasso, levi; labio imterné, 
tumido, posticé sub-spiraliter uniplicato, ad canalem sub-tortuo, 
anticé emarginato, paululum depresso, ad canalem sub-tortuo. 

A small smooth solid species, rather angular in the centre, and 
obtuse at the extremities ; of a pale ash colour ; the aperture rather 
widened near the anterior extremity ; the outer lip thick, smooth ; 
the tumidity at the posterior part of the body whorl, shghtly 
raised, sub-spiral ; the inner lip shghtly emarginated and depressed 
near the anterior canal. 

The coloured variety was brought in the Samarang from 
the China sea. 


27. Ovutum sEcaLE (pl. c. f. 25 to 27), Sowerby, Sp. 
Conch. No. 1. p. 1. 


O. test oblong’, ovali m medio obsoletissimé angulato, levi, 
alba, vel fusci rubro marginata, vel pallidissimé violacea ; canali- 
bus sub-productis, paulultm emargmatis ; labio externo crasso, 
levi, anticé sub-angulato ; labiointerno (atate) tumido, posticé 


276 


sub-spiraliter uniplicato, ad canalem sub-producto, sub-tortuoso ; 
anticé emarginato, paululim depresso, ad canalem angustato, 
sub-tortuoso. 

The varieties figured, although rather different in form and 
appearance, bear the same general characters, and cannot be dis- 
tinguished by any definite peculiarities from each other. We are 
not acquainted with the locality of the more thickly enamelled red 
and cream-coloured varieties which are in the collection of Mr. 
Cuming, the others are among those brought in the Samarang 
from the Hast Indian Archipelago. The four following species 
are not easily or definitely distinguishable, still, a glance at the 
figures will perhaps be thought to justify the attempted division, 
which, after all, must be arbitrary. 


28. OvuLum FormicaRium (pl. c. f. 47, 48), Sowerby, Sp. 
Conch. No. 1. p. 8. 


O. test’ Ovulo secali simillima sed angustiore, minore. 

On the whole, thinner, more cylindrical, and smaller than 
O. secale. The specimens figured were brought in the Samarang 
from the Hast Indian Archipelago. 


29. OvuLuM sIMILE (pl. c. f. 28, 29), Sowerby, juur., Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1842. 


O. testa oblonga, ovali, spiraliter striata, fulva; canalibus sub- 
productis, emarginatis ; labio externo crasso, levi, anticé sub- 
arcuato, utrinque breviusculo; labio interno tumido, posticé spi- 
raliter uniplicato, ad canalem sub-tortuo, acuminato, anticé subde- 
presso, intus longitudinaliter unicarinato, ad canalem rectiusculo 
acuminato. 

Like O. secale, but spirally striated. Mr. Cuming’s collection, 
locality unknown. 


30. OvuLum acuminatum (pl. c. f. 49, 50), Sowerby, junr., 
Moll. Voy. Samarang, pl. vi. f. 1. a, 6. 


QO. testa sub-ovali, in medio sub-ventricosd, ad extremitates 
sub-rostrata, levi, alba, longitudinaliter fasciaté ; dorso margine 
distincto; canalibus ad dorsum elevatis ; labio externo crasso, levi, 
ad extremitates recedente, anticé sub-angulato, ad canalem emar- 
ginato ; labio interno tumido, intus unicarinato, posticé spiraliter 
uniplicato, ad canales rectiusculo. F 

Differing from O. secale in being proportionately ventricose in 


477 


the middle, and having the extremities turned upwards at the 
back. Brought in the Samarang, from the coast of Bilaton. 


31. OvuLtum acicuLaRE (pl.c. f. 43 to 46), Lamarck, Anim. 
s. vert. vi. p. 369. 


O. testa elongata’, sub-cylindracea, pellucida, levi, flavida vel 
purpurea, ad extremitates obtus’; labio externo paululim incras- 
sato, anticé subangulato ; labio interno rectiusculo sub-planulato, 
in carinam longitudinalem elevato, posticé leviter uniplicato, 
anticé sub-emarginato, ad canalem sub-tortuo, producto. 

This elongated species partakes more or less of the form of the 
Gorgonia stems to which it adheres, the columella is generally 
somewhat flattened, and the aperture obtuse at the extremity of 
the canals. The colour is violet, dark, or reddish purple, or very 
pale fawn, or yellow. The dark purple specimen belongs to Mr. 
Cuming ; the beautiful yellow variety, to Mr. Hanley. 


32. Ovutum suB-RostratuM (pl. c. f. 39, 40), Sowerby, 
junr., Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 


O. testa oblonga, levi, rubra-violascente, ad extremitates sub-pro- 
ducté, acuminaté; dorso margine distincto; apertura angustatd, 
anticé sub-angulataé; labio externo levi, ad extremitates rece- 
dente ; labio interno tumido, inttis unicarinato, posticé spiraliter 
uniplicato, ad canales rectiusculo, producto. 

Like Secale, but with the extremities more produced, and 
straight. Mr. Cuming’s collection, from Honduras Bay. 


33. OvuLuM Lancroxatum (pl. c. f. 35, 36), Sowerby, junr., 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 


O. testa elongata, angustatd, minutissimé striata, aurantid ru- 
bescente seu albidi; canalibus sub-productis, emarginatis ; aper- 
turd angustata, labio externo planulato, crasso, breviusculo, in 
medio rectiusculo, anticé angulatim flexuoso ; labio interno tumido, 
rubro longitudinaliter marginato, posticé ad canalem producto, 
sub-tortuoso, anticé intis longitudinaliter sulcato, uniplicato, ad 
canalem angusto, rectiusculo, acuminato. 

A very remarkable shell, presenting the appearance of an O. aci- 
culare much lengthened out ; the aperture is very narrow except- 
ing towards the anterior, where the outer lip is bowed out. The 
under surface of the shell is flat; the inner lip edged with a red 
line. In Mr. Cuming’s collection, from Sorsogon, Island Luzon, 
Philippmes. ‘The white variety (?) is from Malacca. 


478 


34. OvuLuM DEFLEXUM (pl. c. f. 37, 38), Sowerby, junr., 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1848. 


O. testi ovali-elongati, levigatié, albidi; extremitatibus de- 
flexis ; apertura angustati ; labio externo crasso, lato, complanato, 
anticé arcuato, breviusculo ; labio interno longitudinaliter tumido, 
complanato, posticé uniplicato, anticé ad canalem acuminato. 

Resembling O. aciculare, but with a broad, flattened, outer lip, 
and the extremities turned downward. 

From Ticao, Philippmes. Mr. Cuming. 


35. Ovutum unipLicatum (pl. c. f. 30, 31, 32), Sowerby, 
junr., Pro. Zool. Soc. 1848. 


O. testi elongaté, sub-cylindricé, pellucidd, minutissimé striata, 
aurantii, seu violaceé'; anticé sub-acuminata, posticé sub-rotun- 
dati; dorso margine distincto, apertura sub-aperta, labio externo 
‘paululiim incrassato, ad extremitates recedente, anticé sub-angu- 
lato, ad canalem emarginato, labio interno intts sub-depresso, 
posticé spiraliter uniphcato, ad canalem tortuo, versus labrum ex- 
ternum deflecto, anticé sub-tortuo, acuminato. 

The pale violet variety was dredged by Mr. Cuming, near 
Charleston, 8. Carolina, a darker one, at Rio Janeiro, and the 
locality of the others is unknown. ‘This species resembles O. aci- 
culare, but is more acuminated at the anterior extremity, it is 
rather more ventricose, finely striated, the spiral fold near the 
anterior canal is more decided, and less oblique, and the edge of 
the canal above it invariably leans towards the outer lip. 


36. Ovutum arertum (pl. ci. f. 106, 107), Sowerby, junr. 


O. testi levigaté elongato-ovali, fulvi-rufescente ; canalibus 
breviusculis ; apertura aperti, labio externo tenui, anticé sub- 
emarginata; labio interno posticé ad canalem sub-reflexo, anticé 
sub-tortuoso tenui ; ints sub-depresso. 

Of a form between that of O. treticewm, and that of secale; of 
a dull reddish-brown colour. In the specimen which we have, 
the lip is not thickened nor reflected, although it appears to be a 
full-grown shell ; if it be so, it will form a companion to 
O. Patulum. 

We are indebted for the specimen to Mr. Hanley, who is unac- 
quainted with its locality. 


37. Ovutum Patutum (pl. ci. f. 105, 113). Bulla Patula, 
auctorum. Simnia Patula, Leach. 


479 


O. testi laevigata, ovali, albida, canalibus breviusculis ; apertura 
aperta ; labio externo tenui, haud inflexo; labio interno postice 
ad canalem uniplicato, anticé umbilicato, margine depresso. 

This British species, and the O. apertum, are the only ones in 
which the outer lip is not thickened and inflected, and which 
would compose the genus “ Simnia” of Leach. 


38. OvuLum erBBosum (pl. xcix. f. 15 to 19), Lamarck, 
Bulla gibbosa, awct. 


O. testé oblonga, utrinque obtusa, levi, albidd seu aurantiaco- 
fulva, dorso in medio angulatim gibboso; canalibus brevibus, 
latis, antico sub-emarginato ; aperturé anticé aperta, labio externo 
levi, crasso, in medio angulato, anticé sub-emarginato ; labio 
interno levi, gibboso, intis sub-depresso. 

Of an oblong form, with an angular ridge in the centre of the 
back, and the extremities obtuse. 

Collected at Panama by Mr. Cuming. 


89. OvuLum remaRGinaTuM (pl. xcix. f. 11, 12), Sowerby, 
Sp. Conch. No. 1. p. 7. 


O. testa oblonga, utrinque obtusa, substriata, pallide fulva vel 
violaced, dorso ad marginem roseo, in medio angulatim gibboso 
canalibus brevibus, emarginatis ; apertura anticé aperti, labio 
externo levi, crasso, in medio angulato, ad extremitates labium 
internum longitudine superante ; labio interno levi, gibboso, 
intis sub-depresso. 

Like O. gibbosum, but with the canals emarginated, and the 
inner lip longer than the outer at both ends. 

Collected at St. Elena by Mr. Cuming. 


OvuLUM INTERMEDIvM (pl. c. f. 61, 62), Sowerby, Sp. Conch. 
No. 1. p. 9. 


O. test oblonga, levi, in medio angulata, pallidé fulva, sub- 
tus subaurantiaco ; canalibus sub-productis, emarginatis ; apertura 
sub-aperté ; labio externo levi, ad extremitates brevi, recedente ; 
labio mterno levi, gibbosi, posticé tumorem crenulatum ferente, 
ad canalem producti, anticé ad canalem angustatd, producti; 
intts sub-depressi. 

Named O. intermedium, on account of its forming a passage from 
O. gibbosum, and the species with produced extremities. 

From Brazil. 


480 


41. OVULUM SUB-REFLEXUM (pl. c. f. 33, 34), Sowerby, junr., 
Moll. Samarang, pl. vi. f. 10. a, 0. 


O. testa oblonga, albida, leevigati, sub-rostraté; dorso in medio 
sub-angulato; extremitatibus sub-recurvis ; apertura angustata ; 
canalibus sub-emarginatis; labio externo livi, rotundato, supra 
medium sub-angulato, anticé sub-angulatim arcuato ; labio interno 
posticé tumido, ad canalem producto, recedente, intts longitudi- 
naliter depresso, anticé ad canalem producto. 

An oblong, smooth, white shell, with the extremities rather 
produced, blunt and turned upwards. The outer lip is smooth, 
round, and flexuous. 

Brought in the Samarang by Sir E. Belcher, from the coast of 
Bilaton. 


42. Ovutum spuura (pl. c. f. 63, 64), Lamarck. Anim. s. 
vert. vi. p. 370. 


O. testi sub-ovali, rostrata, striata, pallidé fulva rubescente ; 
canalibus sub-contractis, sub-truncatis ; apertura aperta; labio 
externo crasso, levi, rotundato, arcuato, anticé sub-angulato, ad 
extremitates breviusculo; labio interno in medio sub-ventricoso, 
levi, posticé uniplicato, ad canalem producto, tortuo, anticé interne 
depressiusculo, ad canalem producto, rectiusculo. 

The shortest and most ventricose of the rostrated species. The 
outer lip is thick and arched, the inner lip has a transverse fold 
at the base of the posterior canal. 

From the Pacific ocean. 


43. Ovutum BrRostrE (pl. c. f. 65, 66), Lamarck, Anim. 
s. vert. vi. p. 370. 


O. testa elongata fusiformi, rose, in medio albifasciata, vel 
pallidé fulva, in medio laevigata, sub-ventricosi, ad extremitates 
striata, recti-rostraté ; apertura anticé subaperti, labio externo 
crasso, sub-flexuoso, posticé ad canalem attenuato, anticé angula- 
tim arcuato ad canalem contracto; labio mterno in medio sub- 
ventricoso, ad basin rostrarum sub-tumido, ad canales rectiusculo. 

Smooth in the centre, which is shghtly ventricose, and striated 
at the ends, which are narrow, and rather straight. At the ante- 
rior part of the aperture, the outer lip, after widening at the 
usual place, contracts rather suddenly, and recedes at the canal. 

The pale variety was taken in sandy mud, and brought by Dr. 
Sibbald from Japan. The beautiful red variety with the white 
band in the middle is from Sincapore. 


481 


44, OvuLuM PHILIPPINARUM (pl. c. f. 57, 58), Sowerby, 
junr., Pro. Zool. Soc. 1848. 


O. testi elongata, gradatim rostrata, levigatd, fulvé; subtis 
albida ; apertur’ angustaté ad canales truncati ; labio externo 
levi, alba, rectiusculo, anticé angulatim contracto, labio interno 
levi, intis anticé sub-emarginato. 

The contraction towards the extremities 1s more gradual, and 
the outer lip is straighter than in O. dzrostre, and the canals are 
truncated at the extremities. The colour is pale fawn, darker in 
the aperture, and nearly white at the lips. 

Several specimens were brought by Mr. Cuming from the 


Isl. of Capul, Philippines. 


45. Ovutum ‘Gracie (pl. c. f. 51, 52, 53), Sowerby, junr., 
Moll. Samarang, pl. vi. f. a, 4, ¢. 


O. testa elongata, fusiformi, minutissimé striata, ad extremitates 
attenuata, recurvi; labio externo levi, sub-angulatim arcuato ; 
labio interno levi, in medio sub-ventricoso, ad extremitates attenu- 
ato, acuminato; colore pallidé fulvo, dorso prope marginem 
longitudinaliter rubro-fasciato. 

Fusiform, striated, more gradually ventricose in the centre, and 
less attenuated at the canals than either O. dong ugirostratum or 
O. recurvum. At the back, near the margin, is an irregular 
longitudinal band of dull red, interrupted in the centre. 

Brought from the east coast of Borneo in the Samarang. 


46. OvuLum recurvom (pl. c. f. 54, 55,56), Sowerby, puns, 
Moll. Samarang, pl. vi. f. 3 a, 4, ¢ 


O. testa elongatd,in medio ventricosd, sub-angulata; levigata, ad 
extremitates attenuata, recurva ; apertura in medio lineari, anticé 
aperté; labio externo crasso, antics angulatim arcuato, ad extre- 
mitates truncato; labio interno in medio ventricoso, ad extremi- 
tates attenuato, recurvo. 

The canals are not so long and attenuated asin O. /ongi- 
rostratum, the aperture, excepting at the anterior opening, is 
linear, the outer lip is thick. The colour is of the palest fawn. 

Brought in the Samarang from the China seas. 


47. OvuLuM LonerrostRatuM (pl. c. f. 59, 60), Sowerby, 
Sp. Conch. No. 1. p. 9. 


482 


O. test’ elongati, in medio ventricosi, sub-angulata, levi, ad 
canales sub-recedente, anticé sub-angulaté, labio interno levi, 
ad canales attenuato. 

A beautiful shell, rather angular in the centre, with the canals 
elongated, narrow, and gracefully curved backwards ; the colour 
in the aperture is delicate pink, the rest of the shell a very pale 
pinkish fawn. 

It is from the Adriatic Sea. 


48. Ovotum votva (pl. xcix. f. 6, 7, 8), Zam. Anim. s. 
vert. vil. 370. 


O. testi ovali, utrinque longirostrata, fulva, spiraliter striata ; 
apertura aperté; labio externo crasso, obscuré crenulato, in medio 
arcuato, ad extremitates breve, spiraliter recedente, labio interno 
in medio ventricoso, ad canales recurvo, truncato. 

This well-known species is ventricose in the middle, and with 
elongated, recurved extremities. It is of a fawn colour, inclining 
to pink at the margin. 

The comparatively smooth variety figured is from the Island of 
Mindinao, by Mr. Cuming. The other is from China. 


UNIDENTIFIED SPECIES. 


O. album, Dufo, Ann. Sci. Nat. 1840, p. 186. 

O. nigerinum, Dufo, Ibid. 

O. gallinaceum and O. corrugatum would be more properly 
referred to the genus Hrato. 


Fig. 
1 to 3 
4,5 
6 to 8 
9, 10 
11, 12 


13, 14. 
15 to 19. 


20, 21 


22 to 24. 


25 to 27 
28, 29 


30 to 32. 


33, 34 
35, 36 
37, 38 
39, 40 


41, 42. 


43 to 46 
47,48 
49, 50 

51 to 53 

54 to 56 
57, 58 
59, 60 
61, 62 


483 


OVULUM. 


PRR RAPP RAP RRA AAA AAAI AADAPAADADAAAA An 


PLATES XOIX, C, CI. 


. O. Ovum, Sp. 1. 

. — angulosum, 2. 

. — Volva, 48. 

. — marginatum, 10. 
. — emarginatum, 39. 
— Adriaticum, 12. 
— gibbosum, 38. 

. — triticeum, 24, 
— obtusum, 26. 

. — secale, 27. 

. — simile, 29. 

— uniplicatum, 35. 
. — sub-reflexum, 41. 
. — lanceolatum, 33. 
. — deflexum, 34. 

. — sub-rostratum, 32. 
— Seminulum, 25. 
. — Aciculare, 31. 

. — formicarium, 28. 
. — acuminatum, 30. 
. — gracile, 45. 

. — recurvum, 46. 


. — Philippinarum, 44. 
. — longirostratum, 47. 


. — intermedium, 40. 


Fig. 
63, 64. O. Spelta, 42. 
65, 66. — birostre, 43. 
67 to 69. — lacteum, 4. 
70, 71. — breve, 6. 
72, 73. — pyriforme, 11. 
74 to 77. — carneum, 13. 
78, 79. — verrucosum, 5. 
80, 81. — nubeculatum, 14. 
82, 83. — Bulla, 8. 
84, 85. — striatulum, 16. 
86, 87. — concinnum, 3. 
88, 89. — umbilicatum, 9. 
90 to 92. — punctatum, 15. 
93, 94. — Margarita, 7. 
95,96. — bullulatum, 17. 
97, 98. — dorsuosum, 18. 
99, 100. — formosum, 22. 
101, 102. — dentatum, 21. 
108, 104. — frumentum, 23. 
105. — patulum, 37. 
106, 107. — apertum, 36. 
108, 109. — coarctatum, 20. 
110 to 112..— Hordaceum, 19. 
113. — patulum, 37. 


434 


ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


aciculare, Sp. 31. f. 43 to 46. lacteum, Sp. 4. f. 67 to 69. 
acuminatum, 30. f. 49, 50. lanceolatum, 33. f. 35, 36. 
Adriaticum, 12. f. 18, 14. longirostratum, 47. f. 59, 60. 
album, «nidentified Margarita, 7. f. 93, 94. 
angulosum, 2. f. 4, 5. marginatum, 10. f. 9, 10. 
apertum, 36. f. 106, 107. nigerinum, unidentified. 
birostre, 43. f. 65, 66. nubeculatum, 14. f. 80, 81. 
breve, 6. f. 70, 71. obtusum, 26. f. 22 to 24. 
Bulla, 8. f. 82, 83. oviformis, see Ovum, 1. f. 1 to 3. 
bullulatum, 17. f. 95, 96. Ovum, 1. f. 1 to 3. 
carneum, 13. f. 74 to 77. | patulum, 37. f. 105, 113. 
coarctatum, 20. f. 108, 109. Philippinarum, 44. f. 57, 58. 
concinnum, 3. f. 86, 87. punctatum, 15. f. 90 to 92. 
corrugatum, gen. ERATO. pyriforme, 11. f. 72, 73. 
deflexum, 34. f. 37, 38. recurvum, 46. f. 54 to 56. 
dentatum, 21. f. 101, 102. secale, 27. f. 25 to 27. 
dorsuosum, 18. f. 97, 98. seminulum, 25. f. 41, 42. 
emarginatum, 39. f. 11, 12. simile, 29. f. 28, 29. 
formicarium, 28, f. 47, 48. Spelta, 42. f. 63, 64. 
formosum, 22. f. 99. 100. striatulum, 16. f. 84, 85. 
frumentum, 238. f. 103, 104. sub-reflexum, 41. f. 33, 34. 
gallinaceum, gen. Erato. sub-rostratum, 32. f. 39, 40. 
gibbosum, 38. f. 15 to 19. triticeum, 24. f, 20, 21. 
gracile, 45. f. 51 to 53. umbilicatum, 9. f. 88, 89. 
hordaceum, 19. f. 110 to 112. uniplicatum, 35. f. 30 to 32. 
imperialis, see angulosum, 2. f. 4, 5. verrucosum, 5. f. 78, 79. 


intermedium, 40. f. 61, 62. Volva, 48. f. 6 to 8. 


MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS 


PHOLAS. 


Char. Gen. Mollusecum acephalum terebrans. Testa bivalvis, ple- 
rumque subcylindracea, tenuis, alba, plerumque scabra, epidermide 
induta, valvee equales, infra umbones processis duobus arcuatis. 

A well-known genus of boring Mollusca, with an equivalve, 
colourless shell, of a more or less cylindrical form, generally 
covered with an epidermis, which, in some species, is so thin as to 
be scarcely perceptible. Most of the species have a kind of protecting 
shield on the umbones, or between the dorsal edges, consisting of 
one or more laminated pieces. Some species are gaping at the 
anterior ventral margin ; and in others, when mature, the hiatus is 
closed by a more or less horny lamina. In the species separated 
by some authors under the generic name Pholadidaa, the posterior 
integuments closing the valves are lengthened at the termination 
and formed into a cup, and in others this cup surmounts a shell 
tube, formed for the protection of the posterior tubes of the 
animal. In one character all species of true Pholades agree, and 
that is, in having a pair of curved processes advancing from under 
the umbones. In the genera Xylophaga and Triomphalia these 
are wanting. 


1. Puotas Dacryzus (pl. cit. f. 10, 11, pl. ev. £..47), Linn. 
1110. Chemn. f. 857. 


Ph. testa aperta, elongata, posticé subattenuata ; costis angulatis, 
acute imbricatis, versus extremitatem evanidis ; laminis dorsalibus 
duo magnis anticis, una elongata postica. 

Elongated, with the anterior ventral margin widely gaping, and 
ending in a point; ribs angular, sharply imbricated, spreading 
over the anterior and middle parts of the shell. The two broad 
accessory valves on the umbones have the nucleus posterior and 
lateral; one long posterior valve. Fig. 47 represents a mere 
dwarf distortion. 

In sandstone, at low water. Many parts of Great Britain. 


3R 


436 


2. PHonas Curnoensis (pl. cu. f. 1, 2), Avzg, Zool. Journ. 
vol. v. p. 384. Campechensis, Gime/. 3216? Candida, var. 
Nonnul. 


Ph. testi aperta, elongata, subcylindricé, ad extremitates rotun- 
data; costis validis, arcuatim inbricatis, omnino radiaté; laminis 
dors alibus, ad umbones duabus longitudinalibus, tim una trans- 
versali, und elongata posticé. 

Elongated, rounded at both ends, ribs strong, radiating ali over 
the shell, famter towards the posterior end, with arched imbrica- 
tions. Accessory valves, two, on the umbones, large, with apices 
posterior-central, one across, small, and one longitudinal, pos- 
terior. 

Gmelin’s Ph. Campechensis may possibly be the same species, 
although named as inhabiting the bay of Campeche, while this is 
from Chiloe (Cuming) ; but the figure and description are too ob- 
scure to be depended upon. 


3. Puonas Laqurata (pl. cin. f. 19, 20), Sowerby, junr., 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849. 


Ph. testa aperti, elongata, in medio ventricosi ; costis arcuatim 
imbricatis, posticé acute armatis; ad marginem dorsalem area 
plana; laminis dorsalibus, ad umbones duabus longitudinalibus, 
tin und transversali, und elongata postica. 

This shell differs from PA. Chiloensis in having a small plain 
area at the posterior dorsal margin. It also exhibits the pomted 
imbrications on the posterior ribs, and the arched ones on the 
central ribs, in stronger development. 

Collected at the Isle of Plata by Mr. Cuming. 


4. Protas Ortenratis (pl. ci. f. 8, 4), Gmel. 83216. Chemn. 
f. 860. 


Ph. test aperti, elongata, posticé attenuata ; costis crebris angu- 
latim imbricatis anticé radiati, posticé levigaté ; laminis dorsali- 
bus, uni ad umbones magna, tim und parva transversali, posticé 
und elongata. 

Open, elongated, with the nibs radiating over half the shell, the 
posterior part being smooth. ‘The principal dorsal valve broad, 
with the apex prominent, one small cross-piece, and one narrow 
and long. 

Found at the mouth of the Indus, Kurachee, Scinde. 


187 


5. PHoras costa®@ (pl. ci. f. 8, 9), Lenn. 1111. 


Ph. testé apertd, elongatd, ventricos’ ; costis validis subrotun- 
datis, imbricatis, omnind radiat’; lamina dorsali triangulari, 
cornea. 

Ventricose, with thick, imbricated ribs radiating over the whole 
shell. The dorsal shield is broad, triangular, horny, with a cen- 
tral apex, placed upon a triangular disc, formed by the reflection 
of the dorsal edge of the shell over the umbones. 

Collected in rocks at Mexico, and United States, America. 


6. Puotas parva (pl. civ. f. 31, 32), Pennant. 


Ph. testa aperta, ventricosd, anticé emarginata, angulari; costis 
radiatis et lineis concentricis cancellaté; ad marginem dorsalem 
reflexd; lamina dorsali angustatd, apice postica. 

Open, ventricose, gaping angularly in front, with the umbones 
nearly central, shielded by a narrow curved plate placed on the 
reflected margins of the dorsal edge. 

Found in many ports of Great Britain. 


7. Pootas Manitiz (pl. cui. f. 17, 18), Sowerby, junr., 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849. 


Ph. testé aperti, elongata, anticé subangulaté; costis subdis- 
tantibus, acutissimé imbricatis, ommind radiati; umbonibus sub- 
anticis; ad marginem dorsalem, ante umbones, are’ pland; lamina 
dorsali parva, arcuata. 

Much longer and narrower than PA. similis, with the dorsal 
shield much smaller in proportion. 

From Manilla bay. Crming. 


8. Puotas sruiis (pl. cil. f. 12,18, 14), Gray, MS. Brit. 
Museum. 


Ph. test& late aperta, ventricosd, tenui, anticé acuté angulata, 
posticé subattenuatd; costis distantibus, angulatis, acuté imbri- 
catis, anticé radiaté; umbonibus subcentralibus; ad marginem 
dorsalem, ante umbones, area pland ; lamina dorsali magni, arcuata, 
apice terminali. 

A rather ventricose shell, angular at the anterior extremity, 
and very widely gaping at the ventral margin. ‘The ribs are few, 
sharply imbricated, and spreading over the anterior part of the 
shell only. The umbones are nearer the centre than in PA. 
Manilla, and the dorsal shield is much larger in proportion. 

From New Zealand. Larle. 

3.R: 


w 


488 


9. PHonas canprpa (pl. ciii. f£. 21, 22, 28), Linn. Syst. Nat. 
ritops | alle A bs 


Ph. testa tenui, gradatim aperta, elongata, posticé subattenuata, 
anticé subrotundaté; costis evanidis, ad extremitatem anticam 
acute imbricatis ; lamin’ dorsali parva, elongata. 

Thin, gradually opening at the ventral margin, rounded at the 
anterior extremity, attenuated posteriorly ; ribs faint, excepting at 
oe anterior part of the shell, where they are sharply imbricated. 

ritain. 


10. PHo.as rraeixis (pl. eviii. f. 92, 98), Sowerby, junr., 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849. 


Ph. testa apertd, elongata, anticé emarginata, angulari; costis 
radiatis et lineis concentricis cancellaté; ad marginem dorsalem 
reflexd ; lamind dorsali angusté, arcuata. 

Resembling Ps. parva, but much narrower, and with the um- 
bones placed much nearer the anterior extremity. 

Collected by Mr. Cuming in soft stone, low water; Bassy, Isle 
of Samar, Philippines. ; 


11. Puotas AvsrratastZ (pl. cvi. f. 73), Gray, MS. Brit. 
Museum. 


Ph. testé gradatim aperta, elongati, anticé subrotundaté; um- 
bonibus prope extremitatem anticam positis; costis distantibus, 
obtuse imbricatis, omnino radiati; ad marginem dorsalem, ante 
umbones, are& plan; lamina dorsali una, breviuscula (?). 

Much resembling our British PA. candida, but a larger and 
stronger shell, with the ribs much more obtusely imbricated, and 
the umbones nearer to the anterior extremity. I have not seen 
the dorsal shield, but should imagine it to be much shorter in pro- 
portion than that of P/. candida. 

Abundant in Australia. 


12. PHotas truncata (pl. civ. f. 29, 30), Say, American 
Journal of Science, vol. ii. p. 821. 


Ph. testé subcylindricé, anticé angulatim aperta, ad extremi- 
tatem angulatd, posticé ad extremitatem quadraté; lineis elevatis, 
concentricis, radiatim imbricatis, ornat&; posticé levigaté ; lamina 
dorsali elongata, areuati, posticé subquadrata. 

This shell is remarkable for its cylindrical and truncated form. 
The radiating ribs are only seen by the imbrications, or flutings, 
on the concentric ridges. 


489 


13. PHotas cructrera (pl. civ. f. 24, 25, 26), Sowerby, 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1834, p. 69. 


Ph. test utrinque obtusa, haud late apertd; costis creberrimis, 
imbricatis, omnind radiat&; lamina dorsali corned, ad umbones 
super marginem reflexum in crucis forma posit. 

The dorsal margin of the shell is reflected over the umbones so 
as make a cross-shaped platform for the reception of the accessory 
valve, which is horny, and in maturity spreads over the dorsal 
margins. The ribs are close, and closely imbricated. The ventral 
opening is not large. 

Found in soft sandstone at half-tide on the shores of the island 
of Puma, in the Gulf of Guayaquil; in soft stone at low water in 
the bay of Caraccas, West Colombia; and in hard clay, im thirteen 
fathoms water, in the Gulf of Nocoiyo, in Central America. 


14. Puotas crispata (pl. civ. £.37), Linn. Syst. Nat. 1111. 


Ph. testa ventricosa brevi, in medio canali constricto divisa ; 
anticé angulari, late hiante, imbricis acutis radiatim ornatié ; pos- 
ticé substriata, subrotundata. 

With the exception of Pd. latissima, this species is the broadest 
of any in proportion to its width. It gapes very widely in front, 
and is divided in the centre by a grove, the anterior portion being 
imbricated by strongly raised angular points in radiating series, 
and the posterior part nearly smooth. There is no accessory 
valve ; but the dorsal edge is strongly reflected over the umbones, 
and the tubes of the mollusk are protected by an external epider- 
midous case. 

Great Britain. 


15. Portas constricra (pl. civ. f. 27, 28), Sowerby, junr., 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849. 


Ph. test& ventricosd, anticé utrinque aperté; in medio area an- 
x Seen amare cea es i uf 
gusta, constricté, obliqueé divisd ; anticé radiatim scabros4, posticé 
minuté concentricé striaté; ad marginem dorsalem posticé reflexa. 
Resembling Pd. parva, but without any accessory valve, and 
having a double dividing line across the centre, as in PA. 
papyracea, &e. 
Collected by Mr. Cuming at the Straits of Sunda. 


16. PHotas Latissima (pl. cm. f. 15, 16), Sowerby, junr., 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849. 


Ph. testa subquadrata, subcompressd, apertd, anticé angulata, 


4.90 


posticé truncati; costis moniliferis radiatis et lmeis concentricis 
cancellaté; umbonibus subcentralibus, margine dorsali reflexo. 

A wide, rather flat shell, widely gapmg im front, and truncated 
at the posterior extremity, with radiating ribs forming knots on 
the raised lines of growth. It appears to be without accessory 
valves. 

Taken in Manilla Bay. Cuming. 


17. Puotas Darwinit (pl. evi. f. 76,77), Sowerby, junr., 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849. 


Ph. testi brevi, laté aperté, in medio are constricta divisa ; 
anticé radiatim scabra ; ad marginem ventralem levi, recedente, ad 
marginem dorsalem arcuatim reflexi; posticé concentricé striata, 
ad extremitatem posticam margine validé recurvo. 

A very remarkable shell, rather short, widely opening in front, 
divided in the centre by a constricted grove. Before the grove it 
is roughened by undulated lines of growth, forming radiating 
ribs. The ventral margin is smooth, and recedes towards the 
dorsal part, where it is turned over so as to form a broad reflected 
edge reaching to the umbones. Posterior to the dividing lune it 
is marked by raised lines of growth, and gapes widely ; at the end 
there is a broad extension of the shell curved outwards. 


Collected by Mr. Darwin at Chiloe. 


18. Puotas Terepinzrormis (pl. evi. f. 97, 98), Sowerby, 
junr., Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849. 


Ph. test’ globosa, aperta, in medio divisi; anticé margine ven- 
trali subangulatd ; costis laqueatis concentricis ornatd ; posticé 
brevi, leevigaté ; lamin’ dorsali und subquadrata, super marginem 
reflexam teste posita. 

A small, globose species, in some degree resembling the young 
of Ph. clavata, &c., but differently sculptured ; and although it has 
the appearance of a mature shell, it is quite possible that it may 
belong to that group, and its being in so soft a substance as wax 
may be the reason for the enclosing lamine not being formed. 
This and the next species (PA. aperta) were at first thought to 
belong to the genus Xylophaga; but, on examination, were found 
to possess the curved processes in the hinge, which are charac- 
teristic of the genus Pholas, and are not found in Xylophaga. 

Found in cakes of floating wax on the coast of Cuba. 


491 


19. PHotas apErra (pl. evin. f. 99, 100), Sowerby, junr., 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849. 


Ph. test& globosa, apert’, in medio divis’; anticé margine ven- 
trali subangulatd; costis laqueatis concentricis ornati; posticé 
leevigatd, subattenuata ; laminis dorsalibus quatuor, parvis. 

A small, globose species, differing from Ph. Teredinaformis in 
having the posterior end longer, and in having two pairs of small 
dorsal laminee. Being found in mahogany, the shell has a dark 
reddish tint. In other respects it is subject to the same remarks 
that are applied to Ph. Teredineformis. 

Floating wood, Straits of Sunda and Banca. Cuming. 


20. PHonas Catrrorntica (pl. ci. f. 5, 6,7), Conrad, Aun. 
Nat. Sc. Phil. i. p. 236. t. 18. f. 4. 


Ph. testa subcylindricd, ventricosd, magna, in partes tres obliqué 
divisi; parte antici prope marginem ventralem sublevigata, dorso 
usque ad medium imbricatim costato; parte medid plana, epider- 
mide crass4 induti; parte posticd obliqué triangulari, transversé 
epidermide laminati, ad terminum truncati; margine ventrali in- 
tegumento diviso, elongato, corneo, celato ; margine dorsali integu- 
mento triplicato, elongato ad umbones, angustato, celato. 

A very large shell, with the surface of each valve divided into 
three parts: the anterior part, ventrally smooth, dorsally costated ; 
the intermediate part plain; the terminal part, with the epidermis 
forming transverse lamine in relief. The ventral margin is 
covered by along, divided, folded integument, and the dorsal 
margin by another, the anterior part of which is bilobate on each 
side, and the posterior part is elongated and trifold. The speci- 
men figured (half the natural length) is in Mr. Cuming’s collec- 
tion. Mr. Metcalfe possesses one, not so perfect, but about five 
inches long. 

Sandstone, deep water, Monte Rey, California. Mr. Hartweg. 


21. Puonas Incr (pl. ev. f. 45, 46), Sowerby, juar., Pro. 
Zool. Soc., 1849. 


Ph. testa subcylindricd, brevi, ventricosd, in partes tres obliqué 
divisi; parte antici prope marginem ventralem  sublevigata, 
dorso usque ad medium minuté longitudinaliter et transverse 
striata ; parte media pland, epidermide crass’ indutd ; parte pos- 
ticd oblique triangulari, epidermide in laminis serratis producta ; 
margine dorsali integumento in partes quatuor diviso, quarum duas 
anticas breviusculas, duas posticas elongatas, integras. 


4.92 


Differmg from Ph. Californica in the dorsal side of the anterior 
part, which is finely striated in both directions ; in the epider- 
midal lamine, which are beautifully serrated ; in the integumental 
covering of the dorsal edge, which is divided into four parts, of 
which the posterior pair are long, and one overlapping the other ; 
and in the absence of integumental lamine on the ventral margin. 

Collected by Capt. Ince, R.N., in coral rock at Raine’s Island, 
Torres Straits. 


22. Protas acuminata (pl. ev. f. 48, 49, 50), Sowerby, Pro. 
Zool. Soc., 1834. 


Ph. testé subpyriformi, clausi, ventricosi ; in partes tres ob- 
liqué divisi; parte antici prope marginem ventralem levigatd, in 
medio et ad dorsum minuté radiatim scabra; parte media laté 
plani, epidermide crassi induti; parte postici acuté angulata, 
attenuata, fascii serraté marginata, epidermide laminis angulatis 
indut&é; margine ventrali integumento elongato, integro ; margine 
dorsali integumento ad umbones magno, subquadrato, posticé 
altero elongato, prope umbones rotundato ; marginibus ventralibus 
valvarum unidentatis. 

Shell pyriform, rounded anteriorly, and tapering towards the 
end. Surface of the valves divided obliquely by serrated groves 
into three parts; the anterior part divided again longitudinally; 
the ventral side smooth, horny; the dorsal side finely ribbed in 
both directions, the middle part plain, with a thick epidermis ; 
in the posterior part, the epidermis is raised in smooth lamine, 
corresponding in shape with the attenuated and acutely angulated 
termination. The external integuments are, one narrow, folding 
along the ventral margin ; one large, subquadrate upon, and ante- 
rior to, the umbones; the other, adjomimg by a rounded lobe, 
and tapering off to the posterior end of the dorsal edge: these 
are not quite divided by a central lie. 

In limestone rocks at low water, at Panama. Cuming. 


23. PHonas quapRizonatis (pl. cvin. f. $8, 89), Spengler. 


Ph. testa clausa, subcylindrica, ventricosi, in partes tres transver- 
sales divisa ; parte antici prope marginem levigaté, in medio et ad 
dorsum minut? striata ; ; parte mediand plana ; parte postici epider- 
mide laminis serratis induté ; margine dorsali integumento subtes- 
taceo in partes quatuor diviso, quarum duas anticas breviusculas, 
duas posticas elongatas, trilobatas. 

Resembling PA. Jncii, but much smaller, and more finely 


493 


striated, the posterior lamine of the epidermis are more minutely 
serrated, and the external lamine, covering the dorsal edge, are 
very differently shaped, the posterior pair being trilobate. 


24. Puotas catva (pl. ev. f. 51, 52, 53), Sowerby, Pro. 
Zool. Soc., 1834. 


Ph. testa subpyriformi, claus, anticé ventricosi, in partes tres 
oblique divis’ ; parte antica prope marginem ventralem leevigata, 
in medio et ad dorsum minut’ radiatim scabré; parte media late 
plan, epidermide crass induti; parte posticd subrotundatim an- 
gulata, attenuatd, epidermide laminata, fascia serrata marginata ; 
margine ventrali integumento elongato, integro; margine dorsali 
integumento subtestaceo super umbones et latera, tnarginibus 
lobatis, expanso, posticé altero elongato inter lobas integumenti 
postici paululim intruso. 

Differing from P%. acuminata in the shape of the laminz and 
termination of the posterior portion, which are rounded, and in 
the external dorsal covering, or shield, which is more shelly, and 
spread over a large portion of the sides of the shell as well as the 
umbones, and the posterior dorsal integument is intruded a short 
space between two of its lobes. 

Collected by Mr. Cuming in very hard stone at low water, in 
Panama Bay. 


25. PHotas BRancuHiaTa (pl. evil. f. 82, 83), Gould, Pro. 
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1845, p. 290. 


Ph. testa clausd, subpyriformi, ventricosa, in partes tres oblique 
divisi; parte anticd prope marginem ventralem sublevigata, dorso 
usque ad medium minute striati; parte media plana, epidermide 
crassa indut&i; parte posticd ad termmum attenuata, epidermide 
in laminis levigatis rotundatis disposité ; margine ventrali integu- 
menti elongato, integro; margine dorsali lamina testaced super 
umbones, lateraliter et subanticé expansi, marginibus integris ; 
posticé integumento elongato claviformi, usque ad medium lamin 
umbonalis intruso. 

Differing from PA. calva in the shape of the umbonal plate, 
which is less spread, and more even and entire; and in that of the 
posterior dorsal integument, which is intruded half-way into the 
umbonal plate. 


26. Puotas ovata (pl. evu. f. 71, 72), Gray, MS. British 
Museum. 


Ph. test& subpyriformi, ventricosi, clausi, in medio transverst 
38 


4.94: 


divisi ; antice in medio et ad marginem dorsalem Jongitudinaliter 
striata, radiatim costati, ad marginem ventralem levigata ; pos- 
tice levigatd, marginibus longitudine ineequalibus ; umbonibus 
lamina testaced expansi celata. 

The specimen in the British Museum is imperfect, and the 
locality is not stated. It is divided in the centre by a serrated 
grove, and the ventral margins of the valves are smooth as in the 
preceding species. The posterior portion is smooth and tapering, 
one valve being considerably longer than the other. 


27. Puonas curta (pl. civ. f. 33, 34, pl. evi. f. 105), Sow., 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1834. 


Ph. testé brevi, oval, clausi, in medio obliqué divisi ; parte 
antici margine ventrali levi, ventricoso, medio ad dorsum costata 
et minute striata; parte posticd levigata; lamina dorsali sub- 
cylindrica, termimibus subangulatis. 

Oval, divided in the centre, with enclosed tumid ventral margin. 
The posterior part is short and smooth, with a thin epidermis. 
The dorsal shield is rather large, oval, straight at the sides, angular 
at the ends. 

Figure 105 is from a specimen in the British Museum. The 
other specimens were obtained in soft stone at low water on the 


coast of West Colombia, by Mr. Cuming. 


28. PHonas muutisrriata (pl. civ. f. 35, 36), Sowerby, Pro. 
Zool. Soc., 1849. 


Ph. testa oblong’, clausi, transversé oblique divisa ; parte 
antic’. margine ventral leevigato, medio ad dorsam minutissimé 
striata ; parte posticd levigati, laminis attenuata; lamina dorsali 
ovali, posticé circulari, anticé subacuminata. 

Resembling PA. curta (f. 33, 34, 105), but the striz on the 
umbonal part of the anterior are very much finer, and the poste- 
rior termination is elongated. The dorsal shield is more oval, 
rounded anteriorly, and acuminated posteriorly. 

Collected by J. E. Dring, Esq., R.N., in coral rocks at low 
water at Turtle’s Island, on the north coast of Australia. 


29. Puonas srriata (pl. civ. f. 40, 41, 42, pl. ev. f. 43, 44), 
Linn. Syst. Nat. }111. Ph. nana, Pulteney. Ph. pusilla, Linn. 
Syst. Nat. 1111. Ph. ignorum, Spengler. Ph. conoides, Fleming. 
Ph. clavata, Lamarck, Ani. s. vert. 2nd edit. p. 46. 


Ph. testé clausd, divisi; anticé angulatim longitudinaliter 


495 


costati, costis serratis, margine ventral levigato, rotundato ; pos- 
ticé prope medium concentricé striata, extremitate plus mmusve, at- 
tenuati ; laminis tribus, und elongati ad margines ventrales, und 
inter margines dorsales, und magna, subquadrata, posticé emargi- 
natd, super umbones posita. 

An enclosed species, with the dorsal part of the anterior ribbed 
angularly by raised, serrated ndges. The posterior portion is con- 
centrically striated, and at the termination indefimtely extended. 
There is a thin, long plate between the dorsal margins, and another 
over the ventral margins. The umbonal shield is large, rather 
quadrate, and at the posterior edge emarginated. 

Found on the coasts of Great Britain, and in floating wood in 
various parts of the Atlantic. Mr. Cuming has collected varieties 
at the Philippine Islands. 


30. PHotas cunerrormis (pl. civ. f. 38,39, pl. evi. f. 86,87), 
Say, Journ. Ac. Sci. Philad. vol. i. p. 322. 


Ph. testa oblonga, claus4, transversé oblique divisi ; anticé mar- 
gine ventrali levigato, rotundato, latere dorsali costis longitudina- 
libus arcuatis, serratis ; posticé concentricé striatié, plus minusve 
attenuata’; laminis tribus, und elongaté ad margines ventrales, 
una inter margines dorsales, und ad umbones anticé obtusé angu- 
lata, posticé acuminata. 

Resembling PA. striata (f. 40, 41, 42, 43, 44), but with the 
strie, or ribs, of the anterior part curved, not angular, and the 
dorsal shield smaller, and pointed at each end. 

N. America. 


31. PHoxas semicostata (pl. cvin. f. 84, 85), (copied), Lea, 
Pro. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Nov. 1814, pl. 24. f. 1. 


Ph. testa Ph. cumeiforme simillima, sed magis pyriformi ; laminis 
marginalibus nullis ? 

This may possibly may be identical with Ps. cuneiformis, or 
with Pd. striata, but it is more ventricose, and no marginal plates 
are mentioned in the description. 

It is a very small shell, inhabiting the coasts of South Carolina. 


32. Puonas corricaria (pl. evi. f. 94, 95, 96), Gray, MS. 
Brit. Mus. 


Ph. testa clausa, divisd; anticé angulatim longitudinaliter costati, 
costis serratis, margine ventrali levigato ; posticé prope medium 
382 


496 


concentricé striati, extremitate plus minusve attenuati; laminis 
tribus, quarum und elongaté ad margines ventrales, und inter 
margines dorsales, und super umbones parva, subquadrata. 

Resembling PA. striata, but having the dorsal shield very small, 
and of an oblong square, somewhat rounded anteriorly. ‘The 
specimens, having bored in floating mahogany, have taken a 
reddish colour. 


33. PHoxas rivicoxa (pl. cvii. f. 90, 91), Sowerby, junr., 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849. 


Ph. testa clausi, cuneiformi, transversé canali divis4 ; parte an- 
tic obliqué dimidiata, latere dorsali striato, latere ventrali levi, 
subangulato ; parte posticd subelongata, levi, epidermide laminis 
angulatis marginibus serratis ornaté ; lamina dorsali subquadrata, 
in medio longitudinaliter divisa. 

A cuneiform, enclosed species, divided transversely by a canal ; 
the dorsal side of the anterior obliquely striated; the posterior is 
attenuated, and covered by a dark olive-green epidermis, which is 
thrown out at regular intervals in angular fringed lamine. This 
is the only Pdolas yet found inhabiting fresh water. The fringes 
of the epidermis, and the divided dorsal shield, render it perfectly 
distinct. For this species | am indebted to the courtesy of A. 
Adams, Esq., Surgeon of the ship Samarang, who collected it at 
a place called Gunny Taboor, twelve miles up the Pantai river, 
where the water was perfectly fresh, and where it burrowed in 
considerable numbers in the floating piles which had been long 
used as a landing pier. 


34, PHotas oprecta (pl. cvin. f. 80, 81), Sowerby, junr., 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849. 


Ph. testa ovata, subpyriformi, claus, canali transverse dimi- 
diata ; parte antica latere dorsali minute striato, latere ventrali leevi, 
rotundo ; parte posticd levi, ad margines laminis duabus protecta, 
ad terminum laminis duplicatis cyathiformibus producti; ad um- 
bones lamina testaced, postice bilobata, anticé late versus marginem 
ventralem expansa. 

A rather ovate shell, rounded anteriorly, and attenuated poste- 
riorly. It is divided by a grove, and the anterior part is closed by 
an expansion of the margins; posteriorly, the dorsal and ventral 
edges are covered by a folded membrane, and at the end there is a 
narrow, flattish, cup-shaped expansion divided laterally. The um- 
bones are covered by a shelly case, which reaches in two lobes 


4,9 7 


towards the posterior end, and is spread over a large part of the 
anterior, towards the ventral edge, so as, when fully developed, to 
cover the entire front. 

Collected by J. E. Dring, Esq., R.N., in coral rock, low water, 
at Turtle’s Island, north coast of Australia. 


35. Puoxas spaTHuLATaA (pl. evi. f. 69, 70), Sowerby, gunr., 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849. 


Ph. testé elongata, claus, oblique divisé; parte anticd radiatim 
costati, subangulaté; parte postici concentricé leviter striata, 
subtruncaté, ad margines integumento protecti, ad terminum in 
cyatho corneo, lateribus spathuliformibus, producté ; ad umbones 
laminis duabus equalibus, postice bilobatis, anticé elongatis. 

The front part is ribbed and imbricated ; the posterior is rather 
smooth, elongated, and squared at the end, with the edges covered 
by a folded integument. The cup is rather flat, and separated 
at the sides. The umbonal shield consists of two trilobate lamin, 
the anterior lamina elongated to reach the anterior termination. 

From New Zealand. Mr. Earle. 


36. Pyoxas concameErata (pl. evi. f. 67, 68), Deshayes. 


Ph. testa ventricosa, claus&, obliqué divisi; parte antica inflata, 
radiatim costata, costis imbricatis, marginibus dorsalibus laté re- 
flexis ; parte postici striata, ad terminum subquadrataé ; in cyatho 
corneo, ad latera diviso, producti; ad umbones lamind subquad- 
rata, magna, posticé subacuminaté; tim laminis duabus latis cum 
marginis teste terminalibus confluentibus. 

The front part of the valves is ribbed, and very strongly imbri- 
cated, and the dorsal edges are very widely turned back over the 
umbones. The cup is separated at the edges. There are three thick, 
shelly dorsal plates: one broad and rather square, the two others 
opposed to each other, very broad and tumid, and anteriorly con- 
fluent with the expanded margin, which fills up the ventral gape. 

Found in sandstone, deep water, at Monte Rey, California, by 
M. Hartweg. 


37. Puouas papyracza (pl. evi. f. 66), Turton, Dithyr. Brit. 
p. 2. pli. f. 1 to 4. Ph. lamellata, Turt., Dithyr. Brit. p. 4. pli. 
f. 5, 6. Pholadideea Loscombiana, Zwrt., Conch. Dict. p. 147. 
Ph. Goodallii, Dict. Sc. Nat. vol. xxxvii. p. 532. _Ph. striata, 
Griffiths et Cuvier. 


Ph. testa subcylindricd, clausd, canali serrato divisi; parte 


498 


antica costaté et imbricati, margine ventrali levi, inflato, margine 
dorsali confluente, usque ad umbones reflexo, tumido ; parte pos- 
fica levi, subtruncata, ad terminum appendice cyathiformi lateribus 
subquadratis. 

This common British species is rather cylindrical in form, 
enclosed at the anterior by a thin test, which, from the ventral, is 
continued over the dorsal margins im a kind of double ridge. 
Close to the umbones, this ridge is divided transversely, so as to 
form a pair of separate plates. At the posterior termination is a 
cup-shaped appendage, which is rather quadrate in form. 

Found in various parts of Great Britain. 


Puotas ciausa (pl. evi. f. 74, 75), Gray. P. expla- 
nata, Spengler ? 


Ph. testa clausi, subovali, ventricosd, omnino striis radiatis 
et costis moniliformibus concentricis ornati ; margine dorsali pos- 
ticé sufflato, margine dorsali anticé validé expanso et sufflato, ad 
umbones transverse inciso, super laminas transversas duplicatas ex- 
pansas decumbente ; ad terminum posticum subattenuata, epider- 
mide nigricante, lobis quatuor inflatis, ttm integumento cyathi- 
formi expanso, ad latera emarginato. 

This species is not divided by a central grove, but is reticulated 
by fine raised strive crossing concentric knobbed ribs. The dorsal 
margins are swelled, the anterior swelled out and turned back 
over the umbones, where they are transversely divided and placed 
upon a transverse platform, which is wide and acuminated, and 
also divided in the centre. The cup is expanded, emarginated at 
the sides, and surmounted by four rounded and swelled lobes. 

River Gambia. Capt. Shaw. 


39. PHoLas TRIDENS (pl. evi. f. 60, 61). ‘Talena tridens, 
Gray, Brit. Mus. Cat. 


Ph. test4 clausd, subovali, canali serrato divisa ; parte antica 
costaté et lineaté, margine ventrali inflato, cum margine dorsali 
confluente ; margine dorsali tumido, diviso, ‘ad ambenee transversé 
inciso ; parte posticA concentricé lineaté, ad terminum tumis arcu- 
atis duabus, ad marginem posticum integumento cyathiformi ; 
cyatho intus callo tripartito. 

Resembling Ph. papyracea (f.66) im some degree, but more 
tapering posteriorly, and the cup is surmounted by an arcuated 
tumidity on each side, which within is marked by a tripartite 
callosity. 

Monte Christo. Cuming. 


4.99 


40. PHonas quapra (pl. evi. f. 62,63), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. 
Soc., 1834. 


Ph. test& clausd, subovali, canali serrato divisi; parte anticd 
costaté et lineaté, margine ventrali inflato, cum margine dorsali 
confluente, margine dorsali tumido, diviso, ad umbones transversé 
inciso; parte postici concentricé striaté, ad terminum tumis in- 
flatis quatuor, et tubd testaced plus minusve elongata. 

Resembling P2. tridens (f.60, 61), but with the anterior dorsal 
margins more inflated, and at the posterior termination having a 
shelly tube surmounted by four horny tubercles. 

Collected by Mr. Cuming on sand, in loose clay, at Monte 
Christo. 


41. PHotas TuBIFER (pl. evi. f. 64, 65), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. 
Soc., 1834. 


Ph. testé claus’, subovali, canali serrato divisi; parte anticd 
costatA et lineatd, margine ventrali inflato, cum margine dorsali 
confluente, margine dorsali tumido, diviso, ad umbones trans- 
versé inciso; parte posticd concentricé striati; ad terminum 
spathulis duabus subquadratis, corneis, ad tubam testaceam plus 
minusve clongatam affixis. 

Shell enclosed, divided; the front part costated and imbricated, 
and the test fillmg up the ventral gape confluent with the dorsal 
margin, which is reflected, tumid, and, at the umbones, separated 
into two small valve-hke appendages. Next to the posterior end 
of the shell are a pair of horny flaps, which are fixed into a shelly 
tube. In PA. quadra (f. 62) the tube is surmounted by four 
lobes instead of these flaps. 

Collected by Mr. Cuming in decayed wood, ten fathoms deep, 
at the Bay of Caraccas, West Colombia. 


42. PHoLtas MELANURA (pl. evi. f. 78, 79), Sowerby, Pro. 
Zool. Soc., 1834. 


Ph. testa, clausd, subovali, canali serrato divis’; parte anticd 1m- 
bricatim costati, margine ventrali levigato, inflato, dorso conflu- 
ente, margine dorsali validé reflexo et tumido, ad umbones laminis 
duabus subquadratis super laminas latas dispositis diviso; parte 
postici concentricé lyraté, epidermide nigricante, ad termimum 
tumis corneis, inflatis, sub-reniformibus, duabus ad tubam testa- 
ceam affixis. 

Much larger than P2. guadra, and more boldly sculptured. The 


500 


divided plates of the umbonal ridge are placed upon a broad 
platform between them and the umbones. The _postero-dorsal 
outline is inflated. The posterior part of the shell is covered by 
a blackish epidermis; at the termination, there are two horny 
ae each of them bilobed, surmounting a broad, black, shelly 
tube. 

Found in hard clay and loose stones at Monte Christo. Cuming. 


MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS 


TRIOMPHALIA.* 


Fam. Pholadide. 


Char. Gen. Molluscum acephalum terebrans. Testa bivalvis, 
eetate juniori hians, state maturd clausa. Valve ineequales, 
utraque anticé lamina testaced inflat’é ad marginem ventralem 
affixi; interné cardine unidentato, sine processu; valva dextra 
posticé alteram valvam longitudine superans; valva sinistra pos- 
ticé abbreviata, antic lamina ventrali alteram valvam involvente, 
ad dorsum nucleo quasi-umbonali incipiente. 

A genus of boring Mollusca, with bivalve shells, allied to that 
group of Pholades which, when mature, have the ventral anterior 
hiatus of the valves closed by an expanded test. The valves 
are unequal, the right one bemg considerably produced at the 
posterior end, and the left much shorter at that end, but anteriorly 
extending its ventral covering so as to over-wrap that of the other. 


* Tpla, tria; dupadoy, umbo. Since writing the above, my attention has been 
directed to a genus of Pholadida, described under the name of Pholadopsis (Conrad), 
which may, by possibility, be identical with the one now proposed. The two most 
important characters, however, being omitted (namely, the third umbo, on which I 
found the name; and the absence of hinge processes, on which alone I justify the 
separation of the genus), and no reference being made to Quoy and Gaimard’s figure 
of Ph. globosa, the description is not deemed sufficiently complete for identification. 


501 


On the dorsal edge, at the umbones, this testaceous covering 
seems to take its rise from an extra-umbonal nucleus. Hinge 
unidentate, without processes. The over-wrapping of the ventral 
covering of the right valve by that of the left, the umbo-like 
nucleus of the latter, and the compensating inequality of the 
valves at the posterior end, would be considered by many concho- 
logists as forming sufficient grounds for separating this peculiarly 
constructed group from the genus Piolas. But were the separa- 
tion to rest upon these characters alone, it might be said that, in 
consistency, the generic division of other groups of Pholades, pro- 
posed by authors, some of which present very interesting peculi- 
arities, should also be adopted. But the groups named as genera, 
Dactylus, Pholadidea, Talona, and Jouanettia, all exhibit one 
character in common, namely, the curved processes jutting from 
beneath the hinge, which in Zriomphalia are wanting. The name 
is taken from the nucleus of the anterior lamina, which, over- 
lying the two umbones, forms, as it were, a third. 


1. TriompHaLia GLososa (pl. evi. f. 54, 55). Pholas glo- 
bosa, Quoy, Voy. Astrolabe. 


T. test& subovali, posticé subattenuatd, anticé globosi; valvis 
transversé dimidiatis: parte postici concentricé lyraté, in medio 
costa imbricata una; parte anticd lyrata, radiatim costis acuté im- 
bricatis ornati; valva dextré producti, sublinguiformi, dentibus 
acutis recurvis serrat’i; nucleo lamine terminalis valve sinistre 
triangulari, striato, subcomplanato. 

Rather oval, thin, with the valves transversely divided, with one 
radiating series of angular points in the middle of the posterior 
half, and eight or nine on the anterior portion, crossed by raised 
lines beautifully curved in the opposite direction. The right valve 
terminates angularly, and is serrated at the edges by curved, sharp 
teeth. ; 

In soft stone at half-tide; Isle of Leyte, Philippines. Cuming. 


2. TRIOMPHALIA PULCHERRIMA (pl. evi. f.58, 59), Sowerby, 
junr., Pro. Zool. Soc., 1549. 


T. test& subovali, ventricos’, postice globosa, corrugaté, anticé 
subattenuata; valvis transversé dimidiatis: parte posticd costis 
distantibus concentricé lyraté; parte antic’ lineis lyrati, costis im- 
bricatis radiaté; valvi dextrd producta, linguiformi, margine den- 
tibus acutiscrispatis serrato; nucleo lamine terminalis valve sinistree 
subtriangulari, rotundo, leis elevatis lyrato. 

37 


502 


This species is larger than 7. globosa (f. 54, 55), the ventral 
covering being much more globose and rough ; the supplementary 
nucleus is not so flat or so smooth; the points at the termination 
of the right valve are more strongly curved; the concentric ribs 
on the posterior part of the valves are more strongly defined, and 
they are not crossed by the oblique row of raised points which 
characterize those of the other species. Nothing can exceed the 
beauty of sculpture in both species. 

West Colombia; soft stone, low water. Cuming. 


3. TRiomPHALia Cuminett (pl. evi. f. 56, 57), Sowerby, junr., 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849. 


T. testa rotunda, crassi; valvis posticé canali divisis, concentricé 
lineis elevatis lyratis, antice costis minutis, serratis, radiatis ; parte 
posticd concentricé lammati; valv&é dextra posticé in lingula tri- 
angulari margine triplicato producti; valva smistré posticé brevis- 
simi, margine terminali circulari. 

This shell would be completely spherical, but for the lnguiform 
triplicate extension of the right valve; the left valve terminating 
in a circular margin, where the round part of the right meets it. 
The posterior part of the valves is very narrow, and strongly 
laminated ; the anterior part is striated, and, near the termination, 
transversely ribbed. The covering test of the hiatus is beautifully 
rounded. 

Coral rock, at low water; Isle of Zebu, Philippines. Cuming. 


MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS 


XYLOPHAGA. 


Char. Gen. Molluscum acephalum terebrans. Testa bivalvis, 
anticé angulatim hians, globosa, cardine edentulo, umbonibus 
valvis duabus parvis obtectis. 

This genus, like Zriomphalia, wants the subumbonal processes 
which are characteristic of Pholas and Teredo. 


5038 


1. XyntopHaca eLogosa (pl. cvin. f. 101, 102), Sowerby, 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1834. 


X. test’ globos’, in medio transverse costis duabus et ared 
plana divisi ; parte postici subproducté, margine dorsali subde- 
clivato ; parte antici angulatim striaté, margine ventrali angulatim 
emarginato, angulo subobtuso; umbonibus rotundatis, laminis 
duabus cordiformibus super marginem dorsalem reflexum posticum 

ositis. 
: If there be any real difference between this and the last species, 
it may consist in the posterior part of the valves in X. dorsalis 
being shorter and more elevated at the dorsal margin. The 
opening in the ventral margin seems also to be more acute in 
X. dorsalis. 

Found in wood at a depth of sixty fathoms at Valparaiso. 
Cuming. 


2. XyLopHaGa DorsALIs (pl. evi. f. 103, 104), Zurt., Brit. 
Biv. u. f. 4, 5. 


X. testi globosi, in medio transversé costis duabus et area 
plana divisé ; parte postica brevi, margine dorsali subelevato ; parte 
antic epidermide induti, angulatim striata’, margme ventrali 
angulatim emarginato, angulo subacuto; umbonibus rotundatis, 
Jaminis duabus cordiformibus super marginem dorsalem reflexum 
positis. 

Rounded, divided in the centre of each valve by a smooth area 
between two ridges ; the posterior part of the valves smooth, short, 
with the dorsal margin rather raised; the anterior part of the 
valves covered with a brownish epidermis, and angularly striated, 
with a large angular notch in the ventral margin. Two small 
heart-shaped dorsal plates are placed over the umbones upon the 
reflected anterior dorsal margin. 

Great Britain. 


PHOLAS, TRIOMPHALIA, 


AND 


XYLOPHAGA. 


LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CII. 10 CVIII. 
(The Figure after each name is the number of the Species.) 


Pruate CII. Ki 


g. 
Fig. 56, 57. Tr. Cumingii, 3. 
1, 2. Ph. Chiloensis, Sp. 2. 58, 59. — pulcherrima, 2. 
3, 4. — Orientalis, 4. 
5, 6, 7. — Californica, 20. Prats CVI. 
8, 9. — costata, 5. 60, 61. Ph. tridens, 39. 
10, 11. — Dactylus, lp 62, (i —— quadra, 40. 
Prats OIII. 64, 65. — tubifer, 41. 
12, 13, 14. — similis, 8. ee ap eet: 


67, 68. — concamerata, 36. 


15, 16. — latissima, 16. 69, 70. — spathulata, 36. 


17, 18. — Manille, 7. 


19, 20. — laqueata, 3. Prats CVII. 
21, 22, 23. — candida, 9. 71, 12. — ovata, 26. 


Puate CIV. 73. — Australasiz, 11. 
24, 25, 26. — crucigera, 13. 74, 75. — clausa, 38. 
27, 28. — constricta, 15. 76, 77. — Darwinii, 17. 
29, 30, — truncata, 12. 78, 79. — melanura, 42. 


31, 32. — parva, 6. 


Puate CVIII. 
33, 34. — curta, 27. 


35, 36. — multistriata, 28. 80, 81. — obtecta, 34. 
37. — crispata, 14. 82, 83. — branchiata, 25. 
38, 39. — cuneiformis, 30. 84, 85. — semicostata, 31, 
40, 41, 42. — striata, 29. 86, 87. — cuneiformis, 30. 
88, 89. — quadrizonalis, 23. 
Piate OV. 90, 91. — rivicola, 33. 
43, 44. — striata, 29. 92, 98. — fragilis, 10. 
45,46. — Incii, 21. 94, 95, 96. — corticaria, 32. 
47. — Dactylus, 1. 97, 98. — Teredinzformis, 18. 
48, 49, 50. — acuminata, 22. 99, 100. — aperta, 19. 
51, 52, ie}, = calva, IA, 101, 102. Xy. globosa, 1. 
54, 55. Tr. globosa, 1. 103, 104. — dorsalis, 2. 


N.B. The above, with few exceptions, are figured from specimens in Mr. Cuming’s 
Collection. 


or 


ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


acuminata, Sp. 22, f. 48, 49, 50. 
aperta, 19, f. 99, 100. 
Australasia, 11, f. 73. 
branchiata, 25, f. 82, 83. 
Californica, 20, f. 5, 6, 7. 
calva, 24, f. 51, 52, 53. 
Campechensis, v. Chiloensis. 
candida, 9, f. 21, 22, 23. 
Chiloensis, 2, f. 1, 2. 
clausa, 38, f. 74, 75. 
clavata, v. striata. 
concamerata, 36, f. 67, 68. 
conoides, v. striata. 
constricta, 15, f. 27, 28. 
corticaria, 32, f. 94, 95, 96. 
costata, 5, f. 8, 9. 
crispata, 14, f. 37. 
crucigera, 13, f. 24, 25, 26. 


Cumingii (Triomphalia, 3), f. 56, 57. 


cuneiformis, 30, f. 38, 39, 86, 87. 
curta, 27, f. 33, 34, 105. 
Dactylus, 1, f. 10,11, 47. 
Darwinii, 17, f. 76, 77. 


dorsalis (Xylophaga, 2), f. 103, 104. 


fragilis, 10, f. 92, 93. 
globosa (Triomphalia, 1), f. 54, 55. 


globosa (Xylophaga, 1), f. 101, 102. 


Goodallii, v. papyracea. 
Incii, 21, f. 45, 46. 


lamellata, v. papyracea. 
laqueata, 3, f.19, 20. 
latissima, 16, f. 15, 16. 
Lignorum, v. striata. 
Loscombiana, v. papyracea. 
Manille, 7, f. 17, 18. 
melanura, 42, f. 78, 79. 
multistriata, 28, f. 35, 36. 
nana, Vv. striata. 

obtecta, 34, f. 80, 81. 
Orientalis, 4, f. 3, 4. 

ovata, 26, f. 71, 72. 
papyracea, 37, f. 66. 

parva, 6, f. 31, 32. 
pulcherrima (‘Triomphalia, 2), f. 58, 59. 
pusilla, v. striata. 

quadra, 40, f. 62, 63. 
quadrizonalis, 23, f. 88, 89. 
rivicola, 33, f. 90, 91. 
semicostata, 31, f. 84, 85. 
similis, 8, f. 12, 13, 14. 
spathulata, 35, f. 69, 70. 
striata, 29, f. 40,41, 42, 43, 44. 
striata, V. papyracea. 
Teredinzformis, 18, f.97, 98. 
tridens, 39, f. 60, 61, 
truncata, 12, f. 29, 30. 
tubifer, 41, f. 64, 65. 


MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS 


NERITINA. 


Char. Gen. Molluscum trachelipodum plerumque fluviatile. 
Testa plerumque tenuis, subglobosa, epidermide induta; dorso 
rotundato ; ventro subplanulato; apertura semicirculari; labio in- 
terno ad marginem plerumque dentato, labio externo intus levi- 
gato. Operculum semicirculare testaceum, unidentatum, nucleo 
subterminali. 

A genus of spiral univalves, almost always found in fresh water, 
and covered with an epidermis; of a globose form, with a half- 
circular aperture, the inner edge of which is nearly straight. The 
inner lip is broad, and generally flat; the outer lip is always 
smooth. The operculum is semicircular, testaceous, with the 
nucleus near the lower end, and a tooth at the side, which fixes 
under the inner lip. Although the shells of this genus are nearly 
all fresh-water, comparatively thin, covered with a thickish epi- 
dermis, and smooth within the outer lip, while the Nerite are 
marine, solid, with a very thin epidermis, and generally crenulated 
within the outer lip, the separation of the two genera may, per- 
haps, be regarded rather as one of convenience than as resting on 
any solid grounds. It will be found that many of the following 
species are described rather comparatively than positively: this is 
done from a conviction of the former mode being the best for 
facilitating their recognition. 


1. Nerrrina ovaxis (pl. cxi. f. 121, 122), Sowerdy, Pro. 
Zool. Soc., 1849. 


N. testa transversé ovata, exts nigra, inttis cinered ; spira nulla, 
apice terminali, aperturd ovali magna; labio externo confluente, 
labio interno septiforme, complanato, aurantio, margine obscuris- 
simé crenulato. Operculo nigro, radiato. 

More regularly oval than the other patelliform species, with the 
apex quite termmal. Outside black, rather rough; inside blueish, 
excepting the columella, which is orange. It is flat, septiform, and 
very obscurely crenulated at the edge. 

Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


508 


2. Neritina pinatata (pl. cxi. f. 123, 124, 125), Brod., 
Zool. Pro., 1832; Conch. Ill. f. 11. 


“N. testa ovato-truncaté, dorso convexo, albido-fusca, lineis 
nigris angulatis reticulata; spird obliqué incurvi; labro tenui 
superné sub-biauriculato ; labio subarcuato, denticulato.” 

Of a semiglobose form, flat at the side of the aperture, and 
convex outside; with the inner lip septiform, the outer lip widely 
auriculated at the extremities, and the spire nearly terminal. The 
outer surface is pale, reticulated with dark angulated lines. 

Tahiti; adhering to stones in rivers. Cuming. 


3. Neritina cariosa (pl. exit. f. 126), Gray, Wood, Supp. 
t. 8. Nerita, f.9. N. Nuttali, Recluz. 


N. testi N. dilatate simili, sed extis nigra, apertura alba, 
labio interno tumido, auriculis magis expansis. 

Similar in form to V. dilatata (Sp. 2), but with the outer surface 
perfectly black, the aperture white, with the inner lip swelled, 
and the auricles, especially the upper one, more spread; oper- 
culum black. In the Conch. Ilust., at f.5, this species was, by 
mistake, named NV. caffra; but it was afterwards rectified in the 
catalogue of species. 

Sandwich Islands; on stones in small streams. 


4, Nerrrina Sanpwicuensis (pl. exi. f. 127, 128), Deshayes, 
Lamarck, Anim. s. vert. New Kdit., vol. vii., p.579. N. Mauritii, 
Recluz, MS. 


N. testi. NV. dilatate simili, sed magis depressi, extis nigra, 
intiis cere’ ; margine sinistro labii imterni oblique truncato. 

Resembling WV. didatata (Sp. 2), but flatter, with the margin of 
the inner lip oblique, and the upper angle rather sharp. Inside 
blueish ash, outside black. The mistake committed in the Conch. Il. 
(afterwards corrected), in naming fig. 5 NV. caffra, instead of WV. 
cariosa, led M. Deshayes to give the above name to our figure of 
the latter species. We imagine, however, from the description, that 
M. Deshayes had before him specimens of the shell to which we 
now apply it. 

Sandwich Islands, and the Mauritius. 


5. Nerina auricunata (pl. cxii. f. 129, 130), Zam. Anim. 
s. vert. Ii. M. p. 455. f. 6. 


N. testa ovali, transverse substriaté, dorso elevato, rotundato ; 


509 


apertura complanata ; spird subobtecta, subterminal ; labio externo 
margine acuto, ad latera in auriculis angulatis expanso ; labio in- 
terno septiformi, lavigato. 

The back more rounded and elevated than in most of the patel- 
liform species, with the apex nearly terminal, and the margin of 
the aperture spread at the juncture of the outer and inner lips into 
angular auricles. The species here figured agrees much better with 
the figure in the ‘Encyclopédie Méthodique,’ quoted by Lamarck, 
than the one figured in the Conch. [llust., which M. Deshayes 
has named WV. Lamarchit. 


New Holland. 


6. Neririna vespertina (pl. ex. f. 131, 132), Nuttadd. 


N. testa WV. awriculate simili, sed dorso multiim magis depresso, 
auriculis laté expansis. 

Like NV. awriculata (Sp. 5), but much more depressed, and 
having the auricles very broadly expanded. 

“ Sandwich Islands; on stones in small streams.’ 


7. Nerrriva Tantrensts (pl. exi. f. 133, 184), Lesson. 


N. testé N. auriculate simili, sed auriculis rotundatis. 
Differmg from WV. auriculata (Sp. 5) in having the auricles 

rounded, so as to give the entire aperture a more oval form. 
Tahiti; on stones in small streams. Cuming. 


8. NERITINA BICANALICULATA (pl. cxui. f. 135, 136, 137), 
Recluz, MS. Mus. Cum. 


N. testa N. auriculate simili, sed magis transversé elongata, 
magis patelliformi, columelli septiformi magis elongati; apice 
terminali; auriculis canaliformibus. 

More patelliform and depressed than NV. awriculata (Sp. 5), 
with the apex quite terminal. The auricles at the juncture of the 
inner and outer lips are narrow and hollow. 

“sland of Luzon; on stones in small ponds.” Cuming. 


9. NERITINA CREPIDULARIA (pl. exiil. f. 189-144), Lamarck. 
N. Touranensis, Souwleyet. N. violacea, Gmel.? N. melanostoma, 


Troschel, Phil. Abbild. und Besch. Conch., t. i. f. 18. 


N. testa transversé ovali, epidermide induta, plerumque pallidé 
fulva, fasciis et lineis fuscis vel violaceis reticulata ; spira brevissima, 
anfractu singulo subobtecto; apertura magna, carneola, vel violacea; 

3U 


510 


margine integro, ovali; labio externo crasso, expanso; labio in- 
terno crasso, septiformi, margine serrato. 

Transversely oval, with the lips of the aperture confluent on 
one plane, and the columella septiform. The lips are thickened 
and expanded, and in some instances include the whole shell in 
their oval diameter. The general resemblance of this Neritina to 
a Crepidula is remarkable. 

Ceylon; Bengal. Var. NV. Zouranensis is from Tourano. 


10. Nerirrmva suBauricutata (pl. cxii. f. 138), Recluz, 
MS. Mus. Cum. 


N. testé WV. crepidularia simili, sed labii interni margine sinistro 
in auriculam obtusam producto. 

The inner lip is produced into an auricular angle at its upper 
junction with the outer hp. ‘The shell, which has an ashy pur- 
ple aperture, in other respects resembles WV. erepidularia (Sp. 9). 

On the trunks of the palms growing in brackish water on the 
Isle of Negroes. Cuming. 


ll. Nerrrina pepressa (pl. ex. f. 147, 148), Benson. 


N. testa WV. crepidularia simillimi, sed columella minus elevata, 
labio externo superné subdepresso. 

The specimens are generaily of a more lengthened oval than 
those of WV. erepidularia (Sp. 9), and the outline of the outer lip 
is more depressed at the upper part. 

Calcutta. 


12. Nerina Siquiorensis (pl. cx. f. 145, 146), 
Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 198. 


N. test WV. crepidularia simili, sed transversé magis elon- 
gata, spird obtecti, labio externo superné depresso. 

The left margin of the inner hip is not raised, as it is generally 
in advanced specimens of JV. crepidularia (Sp. 9); the shell is 
longer, and the body-whorl behind the columella more contracted 
than in that species, to which, however, it bears a strong resem- 
blance. 

“Tsland of Siquijor, in a small stream.” Cuming. 


13. Neririna puLLiesra (pl. cxi. f. 65, 66), Linn. Syst. 
Nat. ; Zam. Chemn. Conch. t. ix. pl. 124. f. 1078, 9. 


‘ 
N. testa crass, transversé ovata, exttis epidermide crass nigra 
induta; spird nulla; apice subdepress’; apertura magna; labio 


511 


externo superné extenso, ad apicem in costam elevatam producto, 
interné aurantio; labio interno cinereo, callo arcuato, in medio 
complanato, ad marginem leviter dentato, vix arcuato. 

Transversely oval, with large aperture, and no spire, the outer 
lip elevated into a ridge above the apex. The inner lip is broad 
and flat, with an elevated callus on the body-whorl ; its mer edge 
is scarcely curved, and very slightly dentated. The external sur- 
face is covered with a dark olive epidermis ; the columella is ash- 
coloured, and the inside of the outer lip orange. 

Molluccas; Zam. Cagayan, Misamis, Island of Mindinao, 
Philippines, on stones in a deep river ; Cuming. 


14, Neririna Powitsstana (pl. cxiu. f. 149), Recluz, MS. 
Mus. Cum. 


N. testa transversé ovata, levigata, fasciis alternatim interruptis 
picté; spird celaté; apice depressi; apertura magna, albi; labio 
externo superné extenso, ad apicem in costam elevatam producto ; 
labio interno complanato, margine levi. Operculo rubro-nigricante. 

A very pretty little shell, resembling WV. pud/igera in form, but 
narrower, with the outer surface marked by alternately interrupted 
bands of red and black ; the mouth white, and the mner lip free 
from callus, and not dentated. 

New Ireland; in a mountain stream, on stones. Hinds. 


15. Nerina Knorri (pl. cxi. f. 78, pl. exiii. f. 150), 
Recluz, Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 274. 


N. testa WV. pulligere simillima, sed transversé plus elongata, 
labio externo ad apicem decumbente. 

Rather longer in the transversely oblique direction than J. 
pulligera (Sp. 13); and the upper part of the outer lip not raised 
into a ridge as in that species. 

Island of Negroes; in a mountain stream, on stones. Cuming. 


16. Neritina Perri (pl. cxi. f.77), Recluz, Rev. Zool., 
1841, p. 873. 


N. testa WV. pulligere simili, sed apertura fusci, margine superné 
et inferné rotundato. 

Similar to NV. pulligera (Sp. 13), but the edge of the aperture 
rounded and confluent; the mouth is deep, and of a brown 
colour. 

Island of Mindinao, Philippines; on stones in a deep river. 
Cuming. 

3U 2 


512 


17. Nerina Becxtr (pl. cix. f. 13), Reeluz, Rev. Zool., 
1841, p. 275. 


N. test NV. pulligere simili, sed nigra; labio externo ad apicem 
decumbente, labio interno subconvexo. 

Resembling WV. pulligera and N. Knorrii, but differing from the 
former in the absence of the raised ridge on the apex, and from 
both in the columella being rather convex. The outside is black, 
and the margin of the outer lip is banded with deep orange. 


18. Nerina canauis (pl. ext. f. 75, 76), Sowerby, senr., 
Tank. Cat. no. 1094. Conch. Hl. f. 22. 


“N. testa ovati; spird brevissima, obtecté; labio externo in 
canalem ad sinistram inclinatam producto ; labio columellari auran- 
tiaco, obsoleté subdenticulato ; epidermide nigerrima.” 

Of the same form as NV. pudligera, but the left side of the inner 
lip not at all callous. The epidermis is very thick and black ; 
there is a curve in the upper part of the outer lip, which is raised 
into a ridge at the apex; there is a grove between the outer lip 
and the upper part of the columella. 

Tahiti; on stones in a rivulet. Cuming. 


19. Neririna Brueureri (pl. exiv. f.159), Recluz, MS. 
Mus. Cum. 


N. testa WV. canal simillimad, sed transversé magis elongata ; 
labio externo superné undato, ad apicem decumbente. 

Longer in the transversely oblique direction than NV. canadis ; 
the upper margin of the outer lip has a sinus or undulation, as in 
that species, but is not raised in a ridge on the apex. 

New Ireland; on small stones in a rivulet. /inds. 


20. Neririna asperuata (pl. cxiv. f. 160, 161), Recluz. 


N. testa transversé ovali, scabros4, epidermide crassa, fusca, 
induti; spiri complanata, sublaterali, anfractu singulo ad suturam 
carinato; apertura magnd, pallidé aurantii; labio externo intus 
incrassato ; labio interno septiforme, complanato, margine edentulo. 

Transversely oval, finely scabrous, covered with a thick brown 
epidermis ; with the spire flattened and lateral, consisting of one 
whorl, which is keeled at the suture. The aperture is large, of a 
pale orange colour, with the outer lip thickened inside, and the 
iner lip septiform, with a smooth edge. 


“On small stones in a rivulet, Island of Luzon.” 


Cuming. 


a 


» 


513 


21. Nerirma acuteata (pl. cx. f. 32, 33, 34), Gmelin, 
3686. Chemn. t. x. pl. 169. f.1642. N. sulcata, Wysé. 


N. testi transversé ovali, extts epidermide olivaced induta ; 
costis transversis moniliformibus, nonnunquam spinosis, ornata ; 
spird laterali, plana, obtecté ; apertura magni, margini fulva, intis 
ceruled ; labio externo laqueato, superné oblique extenso ; labio 
interno subplanulato, purpureo, margine irregulariter dentato. 

Of a hemispherical shape, the external surface covered by 
an olive-green epidermis, and having beaded ribs, upon which 
more or less rarely there are raised, sharp spines. The apex is 
small, lateral, and nearly hidden. The aperture is large ; the colu- 
mella septiform, purplish, and irregularly toothed. 

Island of Sumatra. 


22. Neritmna squamaricra (pl. cxi. f. 79), Recluz, MS., 
Mus. Cum. 


N. testa crassi, obliqué, transversé ovati, extis lineis griseis 
squamiformibus per fascias tres picté, epidermide tenui olivaced 
induté; apertura ovali, albij; labio externo superné sinuato, ad 
apicem undatim extenso, spiram obtegente ; columell’ complanata, 
dentaté. Operculo griseo radiato, ad marginem aurantio. 

More oblique and lengthened than NV. Petitiiz, &c. The spire 
is hidden by the outer lip, which proceeds from it in a curved line, 
and is sinuated at the upper part. The inner lip is flat, toothed 
at the margin. The outside is marked by squamiform lines, shaded 
off at the back, and strengthened in three bands. The operculum 
is beautifully radiated with grey bands. 

Tsland of Luzon; on stones in a rapid river. Cuming. 


23. NERITINA SANGUINEA (pl. cxiv. f. 162), Sowerby, junr., 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849. 


N. testi crassi, transversé ovaté, extts lineis griseis squami- 
formibus, per fascias tres picti, epidermide tenui olivaced induta ; 
apertura ovali, sanguinea; labio externo superné substnuato, ad 
apicem extenso, spiram obtegente ; columell4 complanata, margine 
levi. 

Resembling NV. squamapicta, but with the upper part of the 
outer lip less sinuated, and the edge of the columella smooth. 
The outer hp and columella are of a reddish-brown colour. 

New Ireland ; on stones in mountain streams. Hinds. 


514 


24. Nerrrina Morto (pl. exiv. f. 163), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. 
Soc., 1832, p. 201. 


“N. testa subovali, transversim striaté, atrd; apertura palles- 
cente ; columellé superné emarginati, in medio denticulaté. Long. 
0° 7’; lat. 0° 75’ poll. Hab.: ad Insulas Polynesias.” 

Transversely oval and striated, black outside, pale fawn in the 
aperture. The spire, consisting of two or three whorls, is flat. 
The operculum is granulated. The teeth on the columella are 
very obtuse. Altogether, the shell has much more the appearance 
of a Nerita than that of a Neritina. 

On coral reefs at Ducie’s and Haster Islands, South Seas. 
Cuming. 


25. NeERitTiIna Lasiosa (pl. cxi. f.80), Sowerby, Conch. Ill. 
f, 48, 


N. testi crassd, transversé subovali, extis epidermide viridi, 
lineis et maculis nigris picté, indutéi; spud depressi; apertura 
fusci, magni, laté, margine confluente; columelli recedente, ob- 
liqué complanaté, margine dextro levigato. Operculo carneolo, 
margine corneo. 

Of the same principle in make, but not of an oval form, as in 
N. Petitii. The spire is very small, the aperture large, and its 
margin continuous on the same plane. The external surface is 
crossed by irregular fine striz in both directions. 

Island of Luzon, Philippines; on stones in a rapid river. 
Cuming. 


26. NERITINA FLUVIATILIS (pl. cxv. f. 178-186), Linn, Syst. 
Nat. p. 1253, var. f. 80. N. intexta, Vid/a. f.189. N. zebrina, 
Recluz, Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 341. f. 178. N. Polaponensis, 
Recluz, MS., f. 184. N.numidica, Recluz, Rev. Zool., 1841, 
p- 346. £179. N. Hildreichi, Schwerzend., f.182. N. mittre- 
ana, Recluz, Rev. Zool., 1842, p. 181. f. 183. N. thermalis, 
Boubée. N. sardoa; N. trifasciata, Menke. 


N. testa transversé elongata, levigata, varié pict; spirad parva, 
vix elevaté; apertura magna, semilunari; labio interno levi, sub- 
concavo. 

Generally much lengthened in the transversely oblique directiqn, 
with the body-whorl, and consequently the aperture, very large 
in proportion to the spire, which is small. The columella is septi- 
form, slightly concave and smooth at the edge. It was not until 


515 


after the most anxious examination of numerous specimens that 
I concluded to unite the various synonyma above enumerated, to 
the description of this species. The British varieties are well 
known; of the foreign varieties, var. Het/dreichii is found in the 
Lago di Garda, Italy ; var. cebrina, at Montpellier ; var. Polapo- 
nensis, ab Morea ; var. aumidica, in the “ Vallée de Tiri & Oray;” 
and several varieties are found in Sicily ; var. mittreana is found in 
France ; var. ¢thermadis in hot springs in the Pyrenees ; var. sardoa 
is from Sardinia; and var. ¢r7fasciata in the ditches at Milan. 


27. Nerirtna TRANSVERSALIS (pl. exiv. f. 151, 152), Ziegler. 
Rosmasler, Icon. pl. 7. f. 121. 


N. testi WV. fluviatili simili, sed magis ovali; labio interno sub- 
calloso ; colore cceruleo, trifasciato. 

Of a more simply oval form, with generally a smaller spire, and 
the left edge of the inner lip slightly callous. The outer lip does 
not exhibit the same tendency to spread at the lower part. The 
colour is ashy, with three very obscure dark transverse bands. 
Operculum of a reddish colour. 


28. Neritrna sucoinea (pl. cxiv. f. 153, 154), Recluz, Rev. 
Zool., 1841, p. 343. 


LN. testa WV. fluviatiii simili, sed spira complanata ; colore suc- 
cineo. 
A minute, amber-coloured shell, of the general form of J. 
fluviatilis, but with the spire flatter. 
Guadaloupe. 


29. NERITINA MERIDIONALIS (pl. cxv. f. 187-190), Philippi, 
Enum. Moll. Sicil. p. 159, no. 3. pl. ix. f. 13 var. N. inqui- 
nata, Morelet, var. f. 189, N. lutescens, var. N. Philippi, 
Recluz, var. N. Beetica, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. vi. p. 188. N. 
Moreleti, Recluz. N. elongatula, Morelet. 


N. testa transversé subelongata, levi, varié pictd vel nigra; 
spira exsertiuscula; apertura semilunari; labio interno levi, com- 
planata ; labio externo superné subdeclivo. 

Although some specimens of even the British variety of NV. 
fluviatilis approach this species in form, yet the prevailing form 
of the two are different, this being less elongated, and having the 
upper part of the outer lip much more sloping. On examiming 
a large number of specimens I fully concur with M. Philippi in 
uniting several of the above synonyma with this species; and I 


516 


also think that the others must be included, as the variations, even 
among specimens of the same varieties and localities, are almost 
infinite. 

The principal varieties, and var. WV. Betica (Lamarck), are 
Sicilian; var. WV. iagquinata is found at Hstremadura; var. JV. 
lutescens, at Cephalonia; and var. N. Moredeti, in Portugal. 


30. Nerirviva Danustensis (p. exiv. f. 155, 156), Sadler, 
Sowerby’s Conch. Ilust., f. 47; var. f. 156. N. serratilineata, 
Ziegler. 

N. testa WV. fluviatih simi, sed anfractu ultimo subquadrato, 
hneis angulatis longitudinaliter picta. 

The specimens vary, but there is a greater tendency to angula- 
rity of outline, and the outer lip is not so much extended as in 
N. fluviatilis, with some forms of which, however, it is in close 
affinity. In the variety (f. 156) named J. serratilineata, Ziegler, 
from the Lago di Como, Italy, the linear markings are beauti- 
fully angulated, and in the original variety, from the Danube, 
they are more straightened. 


31. Nerrriva carinata (pl. exiv. f. 157, 158), Koch. 


N. testi NV. Danubiensi simili, sed ultimo anfractu superné 
carinato. 

The angularity of outline observed in the typical variety of 
N. Danubiensis is increased in this species so as to form a keel on 
the upper part of the whorl. The markings are in a longitu- 
dinal direction, more or less angulated. ‘The aperture tends to 
yellow. 


32. Neririna reticutata (pl. exi. f. 74), Sow. Pro. Zool. 
Soc., 1882 ; Conch. IIL. f. 2. 


N. testa crassa, transversé ovali, striaté, lineis nigris reticulata ; 
spira brevi; apertura alba, magni; labio externo crasso; labio 
interno angusto, margine obtuse dentato, in medio arcuato. Oper- 
culo nigro. 

A much more solid shell than WV. fluviatilis, &c., with the 
mouth not so large in proportion to the body. The outside is 
transversely striated, and marked with reticulated black lines. 
The inner lip is narrow, arcuated, with blunt teeth. The opercu- 
lum black. 

Lord Hood’s Island, South Seas; on sand, brackish water. 
Cuming. 


517 


33. Nerrrma oprusa (pl. cxi. f. 72, 73), Benson. 


N. test& transverse ovali, leviter striata, epidermide subviridi 
indutd; spird depress’, anfractibus duobus ; apertura magn, sub- 
cinerea ; labio externo interne crassiusculo; labio interno com- 
planato, recedente, margine sinistro obliqué acuto, margine dextro 
m medio subarcuato, subcrenulato. Operculo cinereo. 

Transversely oval, slightly striated, covered with a dingy olive 
epidermis. The spire is rather flat, consisting of two whorls; the 
body-whorl and aperture is very large. The left margin of the 
columellar lip presents a sharp keel half-way up; the nght margin 
slightly arcuated and crenulated in the centre. The muner edge 
of the outer lip is thickened inside. 

Banks of the Ganges, Calcutta. 


34. Neritina Panayana (pl. exv. f. 191). 


N. testa WV. obtuse simili, sed lineis griseis minuté angulatis 
picta; labio externo magis expanso; labio interno concavo, mar- 
gine leevigato. 

Differing from JN. obtusa (Sp. 33) in the outer lip being more 
spread at the upper part, and in the columella being smooth at 
the edge and rather hollow. The outer surface is covered with 
zigzag lines. 

River Dingle, Island of Panay; on small stones. Cuming. 


35. Nerirma busta (pl. cxi. f. 81-88), Chemn. Conch. 
5. pl. 193. £2019, 2020. N. reticulata, Quoy e¢ Gaimard. N. 
zebra, Chemn. t. 1x. p. 69. pl. 124. £1380. N.zebroides, Lesson. 
N. Philippmarum, Sowerby’s Conch. Ill. N. fasciata, Lamarck, 
Sowerby, Conch. Ill. f.35. N. bella, Busch, Phil. Abbild. t. 1. f. 8. 


N. testé transversé subovali, subtenw, fuscd vel pallidé fulva, 
fasciis et maculis nigris varié picti; spird rotundata, anfractibus 
tribus ; apertura interné ad extremitates subcarinatd ; labio externo 
imtts mecrassato ; labio interno complanato, levi, plerumque fusco. 
Operculo griseo. 

Rather oval transversely, rather thin, brown, with various black 
markings; spire rounded, with three whorls; aperture with a 
small raised edge within, at each extremity; and the inside of the 
outer lip with a slight thickening. The inner lip is flat and 
smooth. 

River Pisag, Bay of Manilla; adhering to the piles of wharfs. 
Cuming. 

3x 


518 


36. Neritina cornea (pl. cxi. f.67, 70, 71), Linn., Syst. 
Nat. xii. p. 1258. N. amphibia, Lesson, Voy. Coq. t. xi. 2me 
part. N. ampullaria, Lesson. N. subsuleata, Sowerby, Conch. 
Tl. £.50. N. Morio, Deshayes, in Lamarck. N. fasciata, Lam., 
Anim. s. vert. vill. 


N. testa WV. dubia simillima, sed transversé subsulcata. 

Differing from NV. dubia in being sulcated. 

Mr. Cuming took specimens from leaves of palms, twenty feet 
lugh, in woods, at Puerto Galero, Island of Mindoro. 


37. Neritina serrutata (pl. exiv. f. 164), Reeluz, in 
Cuming’s Collection. 


N. test’ WN. dubia simillima, sed labio columellari dentato ; 
colore nigro, lineis et punctis albis. 

Resembling WV. dudia, but with the edge of the columella den- 
tated. The colour is black, with white lines and spots. 

Cape Palmas, Sumatra; on stones in a river. Cuming. 


38. Nurivina aprata (pl. exiv. f. 165), Recduz, MS. in Mus. 
Cuming. 


N. testa WV. dubia simillima, sed spira magis productaé ; columella 
obscure crenulata. 

Like WV. dubia (Sp. 35), but with the spire more produced, and 
the columella very obscurely crenulated. 

Island of Negroes; on stones in a mountain stream. Cuming. 


39. Neririna PrPERINA (pl. exiv. f. 166,167), Chemu., t. xi. 
p. 173. pl. 197. f. 1905-6. 


N. testi transversé ovali, glabri, epidermide tenui, subviridi in- 
duté, maculis trigonis mgris picti; aperturd magna, fulva; labio 
externo intts incrassato, superné obliqué extenso ; labio interno in 
medio subtumido, margine dentato. 

Transversely oval, shining, with a thin, greenish epidermis, and 
large three-cornered black spots on the outside; aperture large, 
yellow; outer lp extended at the upper part with an oblique 
undulation ; inner lip slightly swelled m the centre, dentated at 
the edge. The elegant specimen of which we give a front view 
is in Mr. Hanley’s collection. 

Locality unknown. 


519 


40. Neritiva GRANosa (pl. cxiv. f. 170, 171), Sowerby, Tank. 
Cat. ; Conch. Ill. f. 6. N. papillosa, Jay, Cat. p. 117. t.4. f. 11. 


“N. test4 rotundata, compressiusculé, subalata, alba, epider- 
mide nigra induta, exttis granosi, granis per series ordinatis ; labii 
extern margine crenulato; subtts planulata ; labio columellari lato, 
aurantiaco, margine interno sinuato, edentulo.” 

A large round shell, flat in front, and rounded at the back, 
with the outer surface tuberculated, and covered with a thick black 
epidermis ; the spire is lateral, and consists of scarcely more than 
one turn; the aperture large, greyish, crenulated at the margin, 
divided in the centre by a yellowish septiform columella, which is 
slightly rounded on the left side, and smooth and arcuated at the 
edge. Operculum reddish brown. 

“ From a fresh-water stream in one of the South Sea Islands,” 
Budgin. Also in mountain streams, Sandwich Islands. 


41. Nerrrina tavissima (pl. cxiv. f.172, 173), Broderip, 
Zool. Proc. ; Conch. Ill. f. 3, 16. 


“N. testa rotundata, ventricosi, striis longitudinalibus, minutis, 
creberrimis, fuscd luteo maculata, maculis numerosissimis ; labro 
dilatato latissimo, spiram longé pretereunte; labio crenulato, 
subluteo.” 

Remarkable for the manner in which the outer lip is spread out 
into a broad wing at each end. The outside is green or brownish, 
reticulated, and in some specimens banded with black ; the colu- 
mella is buff, half-moon-shaped, flattish, and obtusely crenulated 
at the edge. Operculum blackish, with a horny reddish margin. 

Adhering to rocks in the river at Realeijos. 


42. Nuritina Owenrana (pl. exiv. f. 168), Gray, Wood’s 
Suppl. f. 8. 


N. testé NM. latissime simillimé, sed labio interno tumido, 
margine labii externi inferni recurvo. 

Resembling JN. Jatissima, but with the columella swelled out, 
and the inferior spreading of the outer lip turned backwards. 

Fernando Po; on stones in small streams. Frazer. 


43. NeRITINA INTERMEDIA (pl. exiv. f. 169, 174, 175, 176), 
Sowerby, senr., Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 201. N. globosa, Broderip, 
et N. tritonensis, Le Gwillon. 

“N. testa suborbiculari, olivaceo-fuscd, nigro reticulata’; dorso 
subgibboso ; labio externo intts levi, albicante ; labio columellari 
subflavo, planulato, margine centrali ruguloso.” 

3X2 


520 


We cannot recognize any specific difference between WV. cnter- 
media ad N. globosa, and both are so peculiarly formed as to 
present the idea of WV. /atissima, with the expansions only com- 
mencing their development. 

On stones in a mountain stream in the Island of Lions, Bay of 
Monteja. Also in a rivulet at San Lucas, in the Gulf of Nocoya, 
Central America. 


44, Nerrrina Guayaquitensis (pl. exiv. f. 177), D’ Orbigny. 


N. testi WV. intermedia simili, sed spiri exertiusculi; labio 
interno breviusculo, subtumido. 

Resembling WV. intermedia, but more globose, and with the 
inner lip shorter and tumid. 

Realeijos, Guayaquil. Cuming. 


45. Neririna punorutata (pl. exv. f. 192), Zam., Anim. s. 
vert. ; Conch. Il. f. 21. 


N. testa subglobosa, epidermide tenui induta, maculis subviridi- 
bus seriebus obliqquis nigro marginatis picta ; spira subcelata ; apice 
rotundato ; ; aperturd magni; labio externo iterné albo, margine 
superné fluctuato, ad suturam extenso, canalem formante ; labio 
interno subplanulato, fulvo, superné angusto, margine in medio 
dentato. 

Rather globose, with white spots, showing greenish through the 
thin epidermis, and margined with black lines; spire nearly 
hidden; apex of the shell rounded; aperture large; outer lip 
white within, with the margin curved at the extended upper part, 
so as to form a canal; inner lip nearly flat, yellowish, narrow at 
the upper part, broad below, dentated at the centre of the edge. 

Jamaica; on stones in small rivers. P. H. Gosse. 


46. Nerrrina Arra (pl. exv. f. 193), Sowerby, Conch. Il. 
f.39. N. Africana, Recluz, Revue Zoologique. 


N. testi V. punctulate simili, sed anfractu ultimo minori, apice 
angustata. 

This species presents the idea of a specimen of NV. punctulata 
taken in a soft state and pinched up at the apex, so as to narrow 
the upper part of the aperture, and make the body-whorl less in 
proportion to it. 

Fernando Po. Frazer. 


521 


47, Neritina Casstcuum (pl. exv. f. 194), Sowerby, Conch. 
Tllust. f. 55. 


N. testa subglobosi, epidermide viridi induté, maculis inequa- 
hibus, nigro-lineatis, obscuré triserialis ; sub epidermide variegata ; 
spird obtusd, anfractibus subrotundatis quatuor; aperturd semi- 
circulari; labio externo superné declivo, margine crassiusculo ; 
labio interno aurantio, subtumido, margine minuté denticulato. 

Of a globose form, slightly inclining to oval, with an olive- 
green epidermis, under which may be seen numerous black lines, 
angulated so as to leave white, triangular spots, which are larger 
in three bands across the shell; spire obtuse, consisting of four 
whorls; aperture semicircular, with the outer lip slightly thick- 
ened, and the columella inclining to orange, narrow, swelled, and 
minutely crenulated on its nearly straight edge. 

Locality unknown. 


48. NERITINA TRISERIALIS (pl. cxv. f. 195, 196), Sowerby, 
junr., Conch. Hl. f. 60? 


N. testi subquadrati, cinered, maculis albis nigro marginatis, 
precipué seriebus tribus variegat’é; spird planiuscula, anfractibus 
angulatis ; apertura alba ; labio externo subexpanso, superné angu- 
lato; columella semilunari, subcomplanatd, minute crenulata dente 
unico obtuso. 

Rather square, flattish in front, grey, with black-edged white 
spots, so arranged as to form three bands lighter than the rest of 
the shell; spire rather flat; whorls angulated above; aperture 
wide; columella dentated. 

Locality unknown. 


49. Nurivina TRITONENSIS (pl. exv. f. 197, 198), Le 
Guatton, Rev. Lool., 1841, p. 345. N. Dringti, Recluz, MS. 


N. testa obliqué ovali, glabra, viridi vel rubescente, fasciis et 
punctis luteis varié picti; spird parva, anfractibus declivis tribus ; 
apertura cinered ; labio externo ad spiram declivo ; columella cre- 
nulata et bidentata. 

More oval longitudinally than NV. Sowerdii, with the outer lip 
more sloped at the upper part. Of the smaller specimens named 
N. Dringti, 1 Mr. Cuming’s collection, by M. Recluz, one is 
transversely banded, and another longitudinally striped. 

New Ireland, &. B. Hinds, Esq. R.N. Var. N. Dringii, 
Hanover Bay, North Australia, by J. #. Dring, Esq., RN. 


522 


50. Nerrrmva Sanpatina (pl. cxv. f. 199), Recluz, Rev. 
Zool., 1842, p. 76. 


“N. testa semiglobosi, interdum subovata, subsuturd compresso- 
strangulata, fusco-nigra. tenuiter striati; apice convexo-obtuso ; 
apertura albido-lutescente; labio plano, margine vix arcuato et 
obsoleté denticulato ; labro patulo, superné depresso, lined nigra 
marginato.” 

Of a semiglobose form, with the whorls rather depressed near 
the suture; the aperture wide, with the upper part of the outer 
lip extended towards the spire; inner lip very slightly curved 
and obsoletely dentated. 

Sandal Bay; on stones in mountain streams. 


51. Neritiva Perrorerriana (pl. exv. f. 200, 201), Recluz, 
Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 337. 


“N. test& ovati, semiglobosi, fusco-nigricante, tenuissimé 
striata; anfractibus tribus, ultimo superné coarctato ; spird brevi, 
convexi, obtusata; labio plano, albido, in medio vix arcuato ob- 
soletéque crenato.” 

A small, black, semiglobose shell, with the spire nearly hidden ; 
the aperture blueish, with a semicircular, flat, buffish columella. 

“Sur les Monts Nielgherries, la cdte de Malabar;” Recluz. 
Ceylon; Dr. Grayham. 


52. NeRirina LONGIsPINA (pl. cx. f. 62, 63), Recluz, Rev. 
Zoologique, 1841, p.312. N. corona, Lamarck, Anim. s. vert., 
Non Linneus. 


N. test& obliqué ovali, levi, epidermide nigr&é induté, obscuré 
nigro fasciati, spinis elongatis, nigris, recurvis coronata ; apertura 
magni, margine posticé prominente, ad suturam subcanaliculato ; 
labio interno plana, aurantid, margine levi, in medio emarginato ; 
spird brevissima, anfractibus parvis, compressis, paucis, ultima 
maxima posticé versus suturam subrotundata. 

This common species, which is named in most cabinets WV. 
corona, Linn., on the authority of Lamarck, does not in reality 
agree with the figures quoted by Linneeus, nor with the shells in 
his collection. It is large, obliquely oval, with a dark blackish 
brown epidermis, through which black bands are seen. The spines 
are long, and turned backwards. The aperture is large, the inner 
lip septiform and orange-coloured, without teeth. 

On stones in small streams ; Island of Rodriguez. &. B. Hinds. 


5238 


53. Neririna spinosa (pl. cx. f. 61, 64), Budgin, Sowerby, 
Tank. Cat., no. 1102. 


N. testa MW. dongispine simili, sed spinis brevioribus, plus 
numerosis ; anfractibus spire plus elevatis, ultim’ minis expans4; 
apertura anticé subangulaté; epidermide pallida, striis nigris fas- 
ciata. 

Like WN. longispina (Sp. 52), but with shorter and more 
numerous spines; the whorls of the spire more elevated, the last 
whorl not quite so large; the aperture slightly angular anteriorly ; 
the epidermis a pale olive-green, with very sharply marked black 
bands. 

From Tahiti. Cuming. 


54, Nuririna Rectuzrana (pl. ex. f. 56, 57, 58), Le Guallon, 
Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 345. 


N. testé obliqué subovali, nigra, maculis luteis picté, spinis 
breviusculis recurvis coronaté; spira brevi, anfractibus angulatis ; 
apertura’ magna, alba, subobliquaé; labio externo inferné subpro- 
ducto, superné ad suturam depresso ; labio interno obliquo, sub- 
complanato, margine in medio arcuato, dentato. 

The aperture is sometimes expanded so as render the whole 
figure as obliquely oval as NV. Zongispina, but the whorl above the 
spiniferous angle is always more rounded; the columella is gene- 
rally narrower, but in one specimen of the spineless variety it is 
broad and swelled; the outer surface is black, with orange spots. 

Onstones in small streams ; New Ireland. 2. B. Hinds, Hsq., R.N. 


: 55. Neririna corona (pl. cx. f. 46-50; Var. mutica, pl. cix. 
f.1, 2), Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ‘Nerita,’ no. 720. N. montacuta, 
Recluz, Zoological Proceedings, 1842, p. 174. N. brevispina, 
Lam., Sowerby’s Conch. Ill. f. 8, a, 4, ¢. 


N. test& obliqué subquadrata, longitudinaliter subplicata, epider- 
mide tenui induta, fasciis et maculis varié pict ; spird planiuscula, 
anfractibus quatuor, superné angulatis, ad angulum spinis attenu- 
atis plus minusve recurvis coronati ; aperturd mediocri, plerumque 
alba; labio externo inferné vix angulato; labio interno angusto, 
subcomplanato, margine in medio arcuato, superné et in medio 
obtusé dentato. 

Of a squarish form, externally plicated, and variously spotted 
or banded; spire flat, consisting of four whorls, which are angu- 
lated and coronated with middle-length, tapering spines ; aperture 
middle-sized, with the outer lip simple, having a tendency, parti- 


524 


cularly when young, to be angulated at the lower part ; columella 
obtusely dentated, having a sinus in the centre. The figures re- 
ferred to, and the specimens in the Linnean collection, point to 
this species as being the true WV. corona of Linneus. 

Island of Burias, Philippines ; on stones in small rivers. Cuming. 
The spineless specimen figured (pl. cix. f. 1, 2) is from Western 
Africa. 


56. Nerivrna BREVISPINA (pl. cx. f. 45, 51, 52), Lamarck, 
Anim. s. vert., New Ed., vol. vin. p. 572. 


N. testd WV. corone simillimd, sed spinis brevioribus, crassiusculis, 
truncatis ; apertura magis contracta ; colore rubescente, lineis nigris 
et maculis albis picti. 

A thicker shell than WV. corona (Sp. 55), with the aperture smaller 
and yellowish; the spines thicker and truncated ; the colour red- 
dish, with black longitudinal lines, which are arcuated so as to 
leave small whitish spots. 

Philippines. Cuming. 


57. Neririna suBGRANOSA (pl. ex. f. 835-38), Sowerby, Conch. 
fi. f.44. N. ruginosa, Recluz, Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 310. 


N. testa WV. corone simillima, sed sulcis longitudinalibus nigro 
et albo marginatis rugulata, subviridi, anfractibus ad suturam 
elevatis. 

Resembling WV. corona (Sp. 55), but with longitudinal fluctuating 
grooves, which are edged by black and white interrupted lines. 
The whorls are elevated at the suture. The spineless variety, f. 35, 
is the same as that figured for the species in Conch. Ill. f. 14. 


58. Nuririna aspersa (pl. cx. f. 43, 44), Recluz, MS. 


N. testi W. corone simili, sed minuté rugulata, extis nigra, 
punctis minutis albis sparsd, interné subviridi, ad basin columelle 
obliqué unicarinaté; apertura inferne angulata. 

Resembling WV. corona (Sp. 55), but with the surface roughened 
by minute undulations, and an oblique keel behind the lower part 
of the columella. The colour is black, sprinkled with minute 
white specks outside, and greenish inside. The aperture is more 
decidedly angulated, especially when young, than NV. corona. We 
have figured one specimen which has two rows of spines, some of 
them double: this is accidental. 

Sandwich Islands. Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 


525 


59. NerRitiIna opscurata (pl. cix. f. 28, 29), Recluz, Rev. 
Zool., 1842, p. 183. 


N. test&é WV. corone simili, sed crassiore ; epidermide crassi, 
nigra vel fusca nigro bifasciaté; labio externo ad suturam magis 
elevato, plicis longitudinalibus magis zegularibus et distantibus. 

A more solid and smooth shell than WV. corona (Sp. 55), with the 
outer lip more turned up towards the suture, and the plice more 
regular, distant, and smooth. 

Mindinao, Philippines. Cuming. 


60. Nerirmna Soutnyetana (pl. cx. f. 59, 60), Recluz, Rev. 
Zool., 1842, p. 182. 


“N. testi ventricoso-globosi, tenuiter striata, nitidaé, nigra, 
lineis longitudinalibus, seepiis undulatis, ornata; anfractibus tribus, 
ultimo superné spinis maculatis instructo; spiri prominula; apice 
decorticato ; apertura rotundata, basi vix dilatata, flavicante ; labio 
angusto, plano, medio concavo, superné calloso, anticé subrecto, 
unidentato et obsoleté ruguloso.” 

I copy the description by Recluz, because the only specimen I 
have seen is young, and has but one spine. Although the shell 
seems to combine many characters of other spinose species, it does 
not seem exactly like any one of them. 

From the Marquesas. 


61. Neririna Benearensis (pl. cix. f. 30, 31), Chemn., x1. 
pl. 197. f. 1911? 


N. testé globosd, ponderosa, levi, epidermide fusc4 induta, 
maculis pallidis picté; spird subplanulatd, pane obtecta, anfractu 
ultimo ad suturam nigro fasciato, superné angulato, ad angulum 
plerumque brevispinoso; in medioventricoso; labio externo superneé 
angulato, labio interno superné calloso, inferné subplanulato ; 
margine dentibus in medio quinque parvis, uno crasso obtuso, 
deinde superné tribus parvis obtusis. 

This species differs from others of the spinose section in having 
the spire nearly hidden, and being ventricose in the middle of the 
whorls. The angle is sometimes coronated with distant black 
spines. The shell is smooth, with large pale spots on a greenish 
ground, showing through a brownish epidermis. 

Bengal. 


62. Neritina Dtapema (pl. cx. f. 41, 42), Recluz, Revue 
Zoologique, 1841, p. 277. 
N. testa WV. corone simili, sed levigati. 
3Y 


526 


Like N. corona (Sp. 55), but smooth. 


Philippines ; on stones in small streams. Cuming. 


63. Nerivina sPINIFERA (pl. cx. f. 53, 54), Recluz, Revue 
Zoologique, 1842, p. 183. 


N. testa NV. corone simili, sed levigaté, obliqué subelongata ; 
spiri subconicd ; colore rubescente, maculis albis trigonis seriatim 
oblique picta. 

Smooth, and more oblique, with the spire more elevated, than in 
NV. corona (Sp. 55). The spines are thinner. The painting con- 
sists of white angulated spots in obliquely crossed rows on an ob- 
scurely reddish ground. 

Philippines. Cuming. 


64. Neritina Donovana (pl. cx. f. 39, 40), Recluz, MS. 


N. testi N. corona simili, sed levigati, longitudinaliter sub- 
ovali, spird elevatiusculd ; apertura superné magis angulatdi; colu- 
mellA anticé unisulcaté; colore rubescente, maculis albis trigonis 
serlatim positis, seu viridi, lineis undulatis longitudinalibus. 

Smooth, and witha more conical spire than JV. corona (Sp. 55), 
with the aperture angulated at the lower part; distinguished from 
N. spinifera (Sp. 63) by the latter character, and by a small semi- 
circular groove at the lower part of the columella. 

Island of Guimaras; on stones in a small rivulet. Cuming. 


65. Neririna InTERRvPTA (pl. cix. f. 11, 12), Recluz, MS. 


N. test&é globoso-subquadrata, pallidé luted, levigata, lineis 
viridibus interruptis picta ; apice obtuse conico ; anfractibus tribus, 
superne oblique ad spiram elevatis; apertura obliqué, mediocri ; 
labio externo superné obliqué extenso, inferné rotundato; colu- 
melli angusté, complanaté, superné callosi; margine in medio 
emarginato, obtusé unidentato, et minuté crenulato. Variat fasciis 
luteis duabus. 

Of a globose, but slightly quadrate form, smooth, light yellowish, 
with green, interrupted, close lines ; apex rather conical ; aperture 
of middle size, with the columella rather narrow, flattish, but 
callous near the upper part; outer lip thin, raised obliquely 
towards the spire. I should not be surprised to see specimens of 
this with spines, as it has much of the character of the spimiferous 
species. 

Island of Luzon; on stones in a rapid river. Cuming. 


527 


66, Nerrrma Broonor (pl. exv. f. 204), Recluz, Pro. Zool. 
Soc., 1843, p. 200. 


N. testi WV. interrupte simili, sed solidiore, lineis continuis, 
apertura alba, columella tumida. 

No essential difference can be traced between this species and 
N. interrupta, excepting that it is a more solid shell, and has the 
columella tumid. The aperture is white, and the greenish limes 
are less distinct, and not imterrupted. 

Island of Luzon; on stones in a mountain stream. Cuming. 


? 


67. Neririna squamosa (pl. cix. f. 26, 27), Recluz, 


N. testa obliqué subquadrati, tuberculis trigonis luteis rugulata, 
inter tubercula rubra griseo trifasciata ; spird exsertiuscula, anfrac- 
tibus angulatis, superné subplanulatis ; apertura obliqua ; labio ex- 
terno subrotundato ; columelld albi, margine crenulato, in medio 
dentibus magnis duobus obtusis. Operculo cinerascente. 

Obliquely quadrate, with triangular yellow tubercles, reddish, 
with three blackish bands between the tubercles; the whorls are 
angulated, rather flat above the angles; the columella has two 
large, rather biunt teeth near the middle of the edge, with small 
crenulations between them. 

Island of Negroes; on stones in a mountain stream. Cuming. 


68. Nerirmna crrcumvouovta (pl. exv. f. 202, 203), Recl.—? 


N. test globosi, subleevigatd, fulva, maculis minutis sparsa, 
nigro trifasciaté; spiri parva, apice obtuso, anfractibus subrotun- 
datis, ad suturam tumidis; apertura obliqua, albida ; labio interno 
subplanulato, superné calloso, ad marginem dentibus duobus ob- 
tusis et crenulis minutis. Operculo nigro. 

Of a roundish form, with very little of the spire visible; of a 
light brownish colour sprinkled with white and blackish spots, 
with three black bands, one at the suture, near which, when full- 
grown, the whorl is swelled; columella flattish, callous near the 
suture, with two blunt teeth, and minute crenulations on the 
margin. 

Island of Negroes; on stones in a mountain stream. Cuming. 


69. NERITINA AVELLANA (pl. cix. f. 9,10), Reclwz, Rev. 
Zool., 1842, p. 76. 


“N. testé subglobosa, crassiuscula, roseo-violaced, maculis albis 
anterilis nigro marginatis, sagittatis, crebris, 3- seu 4-fasciata ; 
sutura lacted, maculis nigris arcuatis alternis laté cinct&é; spira 

3 Y 2 


528 


planulata ; aperturd albi; labio plano, angusto, margine arcuato et 
ruguloso.” 

Rather square, with the spire rather flattened, and the whorls 
obtusely angulated above; colour tending to rose, with white 
spots, black-edged, and the epidermis light green. It is quite 
possible that this may be a spineless variety of VV. crassispina. 

Phihppine Islands. Cuming. 


70. Nerirma Soversiana (pl. cix. f. 5-8), Recluz, MS. 


N.testa NV. avellane simili, sed subplicata, varie picta; anfractibus 
vix angulatis, super angulum magis elevatis ; labio externo declivo. 

Not so square in form as NV. aved/ana, with the upper part of 
the whorls more elevated, and the outer lip more sloping; the 
external surface is slightly plicated. On one specimen there are 
one or two spines. 

Island of Luzon; on the stony bed of a small river. Cuming. 


71. Neririva rueata (pl. cix. f. 3, 4), Recluz, Rev. Zool., 
1842, p. 75. 


N. testa obliqué subovali, nigra, tuberculata ; spira celata, apici 
obtus4 ; aperturd alba, obliqué subovali; labio externo rotundato, 
superné declivo; labio interno, semilunari, subcomplanato, in 
medio ad marginem crenulato et bidentato. 

Rather obliquely oval, black, tuberculated, with the spire con- 
cealed ; aperture white, obliquely oval; outer lip rounded, sloping 
towards the spire; inner lip rather flat, dentated and crenulated 
at the edge. 

Island of Negroes; in mountain streams. Cuming. 


72. Nerirra cexata (pl. cxv. f. 205), Recluz. 


N. testa WV. znterrupte simili, sed solidiore; spira celata, an- 
fractu viridi fasciato ; apertura cimerea. 

More solid than WV. zaterrupta (Sp. 65), and differing from NV. 
bicolor (Sp. 66) in having the spire concealed by the last whorl, 
which is striped with green. 

South Sea Islands. 


73. Nerivina suBpunctata (pl. exv. f. 206), Recluz, Pro. 
Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 199. 


“N, testa semiglobosd, olivaceo-fusci, tenuiter rugata; rugis 
punctis nigrescentibus seriatis notatis ; sub epidermide alba, nigro 
reticulata; anfractu unico, supra medium anguloso; apice perfo- 


529 


rato; apertura extis subrotundata, intis albo-cinerascente ; labio 
semilunari, plano, superné calloso, margime in medio tenuiter 
arcuato et crenulato; dente cardinali majore, truncato.” 

M. Recluz, in describing this species, expresses a probability of 
its being a variety of his WV. bicolor ; if, however, our specimen is 
characteristic, it is much more quadrate than that species, having 
more of an angle at the upper part of the whorl; and there is a 
difference in the upper part of the outer lip, which, in N. dccolor, 
is more curved towards the suture. 

“Sinait, province of North Hocos, Island of Luzon ; in a small 
mountain stream.” Cuming. 


74. Neririna ottvacea (pl. exv. f. 207, 208), Guwad., Rev. 
Zool., 1841, p. 344. N. solida, Recluz, 


N. testi N. subpunctate simili, sed obliqué magis elongata, 
columella planiuscula, aperturd subquadrata, epidermide olivacea 
vel nigra. 

More lengthened in an oblique direction, and more quadrate, 
than NV. subpunctata, with the columellar callosity near the suture 
scarcely prominent. ‘The colour is even, of an olive-green, or, as 
in the variety named NV. solidum, nearly black. 

Island of Luzon; on stones in a rapid river. Cuming. 


75. Neririna cHLorostoma (pl. cxv. f. 216), Broderip, 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 201. 


““N. testé suborbiculari, elliptici, olivaceo-fuscé, nigro reticu- 
lata, subfasciaté ; apertura intus flava; labii columellaris margine 
obtusé unidentati, rugulosa.” 

Nearly orbicular, with the whorls slightly angulated, purplish 
or greyish, obscurely banded and reticulated with black ; aperture 
yellow, with the outer lip obtusely angulated above; the columella 
narrow, slightly tumid near the juncture of the outer lip, with the 
margin crenulated, and one rather large blunt tooth near the centre. 

Tahiti; at the mouth of a small stream, at times covered with 
salt water. Cuming. 


76. Neritina Micuavpi (pl. exii. f. 108, 109, and pl. cxv. 
f. 217, 218 *), Recluz, Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 315. 


“N. testa subglobosa, tenui, olivaceo-fuscescente, lineolis nigres- 


* Repeated in consequence of an oversight. 


530 


centibus angulato-flexuosis pict; spira erosd, obliquissima ; aper- 
turd rotundata, albido-cerulescente ; labio angusto, planulato, in 
medio vix arcuato et crenulato ; labro superné subarcuato, anteritis 
subtruncato.” 

Of a globose form, thin, with zigzag lines on a greenish-brown 
ground ; aperture rounded, with the inner lip narrow, scarcely 
arched in the middle, and crenulated. 

Panama. Cuming. 


77. Nerrrmna prota (pl. exvi. f. 267-269), Sowerby, senr., 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 201. 


“N, test subglobosa, cinerascente, maculis, sphacelis vittisque 
diversimodo picté; labio interno castaneo.” 

Subglobose, greyish, variously painted with black lines or reti- 
culations and whitish spots. There is a peculiar enamel-like ap- 
pearance about the external surface ; the columella is invariably of 
a chestnut colour, rather swelled, and obscurely crenulated at the 
margin. 

Panama; on a mud-bank, partially overflowed with fresh water. 
Cuming. 


78. Nerina FaBa (pl. exv. f. 219-221), Sow., Con. Ill. £.10. 


N. testa subquadrato-globosa, laevigata, rufescente, fasciis trans- 
versis nigris, vel fasciis obliquis viridibus vel violaceis, et interstitis 
flavidis varié picté; spira parva, anfractu ultimo obtusé angulato ; 
labio externo anticé subproducto, superné subelevato ; labio interno 
minuté crenulato, vix arcuato. 

Resembling J. picta, but with the columella neither swelled 
nor of a chestnut colour, and the spire rather more hidden. 


79. Neririna PULCHELLA (pl. exv. f. 209-211), Recluz, MS. 


N. testa WV. fade simili, sed quasi-subcylindricd, minuté picta ; 
apertura subcontracta. 

There is a peculiar cylindrical character in the form of this 
species, and the aperture is, as it were, drawn in all round. We 
have varieties of a dark green, reddish, or brownish ground, 
minutely grained with white specks. 

Island of Luzon; on stones in a small stream. Cuming. 


80. Nuritina pupa (pl. cxi. f. 68, 69, pl. cxv. f. 212), Linn. 
Syst. Nat. p. 1253. N. tristis, D’ Ordigny, inclusa. 


N. testa obliqué ovali, levi, alba, lineis nigris longitudinalibus 


531 


strigata vel reticulata, vel nigra, punctis albis ; spira exsertiuscula, 
anfractibus superné declivis; apertura plerumque luted, obliqua ; 
columella angustata, margine crenulato. 

Resembling W. faba and N. pulchella; more obliquely oval, with 
the spire more produced, although obtuse; the aperture is rather 
narrow, yellow, with a narrow, flattish, dentated columella; ex- 
ternal surface white, with black, angulated lines, or reticulated 
with black, or as in the variety named WV. ¢ristis by D’Orbigny. 

West Indies. 


81. Nerirma Jorpant (pl. cxv. f. 213-215), Sow., Conch. 
Illust., f.49. N. Elleppenensis, Recluz. 


N. test subglobosa, levi, nigré albo variegata, vel alba lineis 
purpureis fluctuatis pictd; spird exsertiusculd, anfractu ultimo ad 
suturam subtumido, prope medium plus minusve contracto ; aper- 
tura posticé subcontracta, anticé subexpansd ; labio externo prope 
suturam subangulatim elevato. 

Of a globose form, inclining to oval, with a tendency to con- 
traction in the middle of the last whorl or nearer the upper part. 

River Jordan. 


82. Neririna Macrt (pl. exvi. f. 222), Recluz, MS. 


N. testa subovali, nigra; spird exsertiuscula ; apertura obliqua, 
labio interno subtumido, griseo, levi. 

Resembling the darker variety of WN. Jordani, but having no 
tendency to contract in the middle of the last whorl. 

Asia Minor. Capt. Spratt, RN. 


83. NERITINA ARCTILINEATA (pl. exvi. f. 223, 224), Recluz, 
MS. 


N. testa obliqué subovali, grisea, lineis subpurpureis undulatis 
picta; spird parva; apertura subexpansa; labio interno obliquo, 
aurantio, subplanulato, levi. 

Of an obliquely subovate form, grey, with purplish, undulated 
lines; spire short; aperture rather expanded; columella semicir- 
cular, flat, orange-coloured, smooth. 

Locality unknown. 


84. Nerivina anatorica (pl. cxvi. f. 225, 226), Recluz, 
Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 342. 


“N. testa subovata, violacea, tenué striati; spird brevissima, 


532 


rotundato-obtusa, apice minimo, laterali; labio subobliquo, albido- 
cerulescente, inferné dilatato, subconvexo, margine recto, acuto.” 

Of an oval form, violet, scarcely striated; spire short, rather 
obtuse ; outer lip slightly obtuse, blueish within ; columella semi- 
circular, flattish, straight, and smooth. Some specimens, marked 
by M. Recluz as N. Africana, which are lineated with purple, 
but much worn, we take to be a variety of this. 

Smyrna. 


85. Neririna viripis (pl. cxvi. f. 229, 230), Linn., Syst. 
Nat. p. 1254. 


N. testa obliqué oval, levi, viridi, albo maculata ; spira obtusa ; 
apertura ellipticd, labio externo anticé producto; columella semi- 
circulari, plerumque tumida ; margine in medio crenulato et paulu- 
lim arcuato. 

A small, pea-green, smooth, obliquely oval shell, with the outer 
lip produced near the base, and the columella semicircular, gene- 
rally swelled, slightly arcuated and crenulated in the centre. 

Sicily, the Antilles, Guadaloupe, and Cuba. 


86. Nerirmya Ranetana (pl. exvi. f. 227, 228), Recluz, 
Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 339. N. viridis, var. major, Rang. N. 
pallida, Risso. 


N. testa NV. viridi simillima, sed anfractu ultimo superné an- 
gulato, testé plerumque majore, lineis albis et rubris seriatim 
variegata. 

Differing from JW. viridis in the angularity of the last whorl, 
and consequently of the outer lip at the upper part; the outer 
surface is ornamented by several series of red-edged white lines, 
which are largest above the angle. 

Madagascar. ecluz. Dumaguete, Island of Negroes; on 
stones in a small stream. Cuming. 


87. Neririna Luctvosa (pl. cxvi. f. 231), Recluz, Rev. Zool., 
1841, p.317. N. rarispina, var. Recluz? N. siderea, Gould. 


N. parva, nitidé, subglobosa, nigra; spira exsertiuscula ; aper- 
tura elliptic’; columellé angustata, luted, plana. 

A small, smooth, subglobose shell, with an obtuse, but slightly 
elevated spire, and a narrow, yellowish, fiat columella, which is 
nearly straight and smooth at the edge, but has above the centre 
a rather prominent tooth. 


533 


88. Nerivina rectivata (pl. cxvi. f. 240, 241), Say——? 
N. macrostoma, D’Orbigny. N. Floridana (?), "Shutileworth. 


N. testa obliqué subconicd, solida, levi, subolivaced vel nigres- 
cente, minutissimé nigro lineata ; spira exsertiuscula, apice obtuso, 
sutur’ nigro lineata, anfractu ultimo infra medio ventricoso ; aper- 
turd semicirculari, labio externo superné declivo, inferné producto, 
ad juncturam recedente, intis incrassato ; columellé oblique semi- 
circulari, plerumque albido, validé omnino calloso, ad marginem 
in medio subarcuato, dentato. 

Taking this as the type of a small series of species, which have 
at least one character in common, that is, the bulging out, as it 
were, of the lower part of the last whorl over the aperture, we 
shall point out wherein the succeeding species differ from it. 
The bulging out of the last whorl increases the appearance of 
receding in the outer lip, where it joms the body of the shell. 
This species is rather conical, with the spire somewhat produced, 
but obtuse; it is smooth, of a lighter or darker greenish colour, 
with very fine black undulating lines, and one spiral line at the 
suture; the outer lip is, as it were, pmched in near the suture 
and the lower junction, and is thickened near the edge. The 
columella is very tumid, generally slightly tinted with orange at 
the left margin, and obtusely dentated at the right. 

Vera Cruz, Mexico; on stones in rivers. 


9. Nerina Virernta (pl. exvi. f. 232-239), Linn., Syst. 
Nat., p. 1254. no. 730. N. Braziliana, N. Leachu, &c., Recluz. 


N. testa obliqué subconici, solida, levi, coloribus diversis varie 
fasciata, punctata, lmeata, fasciata vel reticulaté: spird subconica, 
antractibus anticd subgibbosis ; apertura obhqua, antice subpro- 
ducti; columella’ gibbosi, margine crenulato. 

T cannot see any reason for changing the name of this well- 
known species, even if there should be some shght cause to doubt 
the correctness of the application which has been so generally 
adopted from Lamarck. ‘The species of Linnzeus were not gene- 
rally well defined, and we may, therefore, well admit an identifi- 
cation which has been generally received, in the absence of proof 
positive to the contrary. Nor do I see the propriety of separating 
the varieties which have been labelled by M. Recluz in Mr. 
Cuming’s collection with the names quoted above, unless, indeed, 
we were prepared to take every specimen and name it as a species : 
no two individuals bemg exactly ahike. We might be almost 
disposed to include WV. rectivata in this species, but the upper 

32 


Dd4 


part of the whorls bemg more conical, and the peculiarity of 
marking being constant in the former, we think it will always be 
recognized with facility. In the Alcence of any real definition of 
the word species as applied to shells, we should generally be 
guided in our divisions by the facility with which a specific dis- 
tinction would be recognized. 

West Indies, Brazil. 


90. Nerirmva Merrontana (pl. exvi. f. 242-246), Recluz, 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 71. N. Oualanensis, Lesson. N. nebu- 
lata, Recluz. 


N. testi N. Virginia simili, sed magis subglobosi, anfractu 
ultimo superne subangulato. 

The variety, f. 246, N. Oualanensis, Recluz, is thinner and 
generally smaller than the other variety; the variety V. uebulata, 
Recluz (£243), is larger, and marked with scales as in WV. mclea- 
gris, but we can only ‘distinguish the three frou WV. Virginia by 
one character which they have in common, which is, that a) 
are rather more globose, and have a very Sunt, rounded angle a 
the upper Re of the whorls. 

Var., f. 246, Oualay, Sandwich Islands, and Port Essington ; 
£242, 4, 5, VW. Mertoniana, Island of Negroes ; on stones in a small 
stream; var. V. nebulata, ditto. Cuming. 


91. Nerina Listers (pl. exvi. f. 249-251), Pfeiffer. 


N. test WV. Virginia et N. rechvate simili, sed multim magis 
globosa, spird plana. 

More globose than N. Virginia and N. reclivata, with the 
whorls of the spire not at all produced. Some varieties of V. Vir- 
ginia occur which are almost equally globose; but in these the 
spire is more produced. 

The large specimen, f. 249, is from Cuba; the other variety 
is from St. John’s river, Nicaragua. 


92. NERITINA MELEAGRIS (pl. cxvi. f. 252, 253), Lamarck, 
Chemn., 124. f. D. L. 


N. testi NV. Virginie simili, sed magis globosi, minis obliqua, 
spird subconici sed mints producta. 

More globose and less oblique than WV. Virginia; the spire, 
although conical, much more central, and less produced; the 
upper part of the last whorl being more elevated, but not so much 


so as in WV. Mertoniana. The markings are in scales. The spire 
is not so flat as in MN. Laster. 
Honduras Bay. Dyson. Also Sumatra. 


93. Neririna Anatensis (pl. cxvi. f. 247, 245), Recluz, MS. 


N. testa obliqueé ovali, tenui, fulva, lineis nigris undulatis ob- 
secure pictd; spird subconicd, anfractibus declivis, ultimo ad sutu- 
ram subtumido, sub medio ventricoso ; apertura’ subtrigond ; labio 
externo superné declivo, anticée producto ; columellé alba, semicir- 
culari, tumida. 

Rather oval, but obliquely ventricose at ithe base, and tapering 
towards the spive, which is rather produced; the shell is thin, of 
a greyish brown colour, reticulated with black lines; the columella 
is white, semicircular, and swelled. 


Portugal. 


94. Nerina Avansoniana (pl. exvi. f. 254, 255), Recluz, 
Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 318. 


N. iesté WV. Anatensi simili, sed crassiore, apice obtusiusculo, 
anfractibus ad stituram magis twnidis. 

Like N. Anatensis (Sp. 93), but more obtuse, thicker, with the 
whorls more tumid near the suture. 

Senegal. 


95. Nerrrina GLABRATA (pl. exvi. £.256-263), Sowerby, junr., 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1850. 


N. test& parva, obliqueé ovali, glabra, plerumque pallidé fulva, 
lineis fasciisque rubris vel migris varie pict; spird obtusi, apice 
obtuso, sublaterali, anfractibus vix duobus, ultimo superné declivo, 
inferné obliqué subgibboso; apertura parva, semilunari, bicanali- 
culato ; labio externo superné declivo, inferné obliqué producto ; 
columella expansd, laevigata, rotundati, gibbosi, albi. Operculo 
parvo, corneo, subgriseo. 

A beautiful hittle shining shell, variously banded, lineated, and 
spotted with white, black, and red, on a light fawn-coloured 
ground. It is remarkably oblique, with an obtuse spire of scarcely 
two whorls, and the aperture small, obliquely produced at the 
lower part; the columella is white, smooth, and gibbous, in ex- 
pansion forming about three-fourths of a circle. 

There are many specimens of this elegant and very distinct 
species in Mr. Cuining’s Collection ; but the locality is unknown. 

322 


536 


96, Neririna reticuLarts (pl. cxvi. f. 264-266), Sowerby, 
Conch. Hl. f. 44. Sp. 51. Var. N. capillulata, Gould. 


N. test’ subconicd, levi, pallidé fulva, rufescente, epidermide 
tenul, subvinidi induté, lineis angulatis transverse reticulata ; spird 
plerumque exsertiusculd, apice subcomplanato, anfractu ultimo, 
supra suturam angulatim elevato, infra medium ventricoso ; aper- 
turd subcontracté, labio externo superné declivo, infra medium 
producto, columella tumida, margine sublevigato. 

The shell varies considerably i in form, but the upper part of the 
last whorl is more or less obtusely angulated, so as to give a flat- 
ness to the apex of the spire; the apex is rather contracted at the 
suture, but produced at the lower part; the columella is very 
gibbose. Altogether the shell is less gradually sloped than J. 
reclivata, and the markings are less close and reticulated trans- 
versely. The variety named NV. capillulata (f. 266) is generally 
shorter, and the markings less distinct. 

Calcutta. Var. V. capillulata, Burmah. 


97. Neririna Linnoxata (pl. exu. f. 101, 102), Lam., Anim. 
s.vert. Neritina, Sp. 14. Hae. d/et., pl. 455. f. 4, a, 6, Sowerby, 
Conch. Ill., f. 37. 


N. test& solidd, subglobosa, levi, epidermide subviridi induta, 
lineis elongatis nigris flexuosis picté; spira exsertiuscula, anfracti- 
bus superné declivis, inferné ventricosis ; apertura albidd, labio 
externo anticé rotundato ; columella obliqua, subgibbosa, obscuris- 
simé subcrenulata. 

A thick, solid, subglobose, smooth shell, covered with an olive- 
green epidermis ; the spire obtusely conical ; the upper part of 
the whorls narrow, sloping, the lower part veutricose ; the colu- 
mella is thickened, very obscurely crenulated at the 1 inner margin, 
very distinctly defined on the body-whorl. In the variety figured 
in the Conch. Llust., the black, longitudinal, fluctuated lines are 
narrower and more numerous than those in the other variety. 


98. Nerrrina soprina (pl. cxu. f. 100), Recluz, MS. N. 
Zebra, Sowerby, Conch, Ul. f. 31, non Lamarck. 


N. testa V. Zincolate simili, sed magis globosi, spird magis ob- 
tusi; labio mterno minis distincto, labio externo intis incrassato. 

More globose than WV. “ineolata, with the spire less produced ; 
the markings are broad and angulated. 


537 


99. Neririna srrroiata (pl. oxi. f. 98, 99), Mectuz, MS. 


N. test’ N. Uineolate simili, sed magis globosi, obscurissime 
longitudinaliter striaté; spird magis centrali, anfractibus superné 
mints declivis ; columell’ validé crenulatéi; testa pallidiore, lineis 
sparsis, interrupts. 

More globose and less oblique than NW. dineolata (Sp. 97), with 
the columella more decidedly crenulated. The longitudinal striz 
are scarcely visible to the unassisted eye. The markings are 
minute, few, and interrupted. 


100. Neritiva Gacates (pl. cxu. f. 1038, 104), Lam., Sow. 
Conch. IIL, f. 29. 


N. testa globosi, solida, levi, epidermide crassa, nigra induta, 
sub epidermide angulatim nigro lneati; spird brevissima ; aper- 
turf alba, laté; columella tumida, semilunari, margine vix crenulato. 

Very globose, thick, smooth, covered with a thick, black epi- 
dermis, beneath which zigzag black markings may be seen. ‘The 
aperture is wide, white, and the columella swelled, white, gene- 
rally edged with pale orange. The specimen represented (f. 104) 
with a scarcely-formed epidermis, 1s in the collection of S. 
Hanley, Hsq. 


Island of Sumatra; on stones. Cuming. 


101. Nurrrma Carvra (pl. ext. f. 111, 112), Wood, Suppl. 
pl. vii. f. 10. 


N. testa VW. Gagatz simili, sed spira conica, labio externo superné 
declivo. 

Resembling NV. Gagates (Sp. 100), in some degree. This species 
has been confounded with it; but it 1s much more conical, and 
the upper part of the outer lip more sloping. 

Mauritius. 


102. Nerrrma Suri (pl. exii. f.117, 118), Gray, Sow. 
Conch. Ilust. f. 9. N. undata, Deshayes. 


N. test& globoso-subconica, crassa, levi, alb’, maculis et fasciis 
lineisque longitudinalibus, flexuosis, interruptis pict, epidermide 
tenui induta; spird conicd, anfractibus superné declivis, inferné 
rotundatis ; apertura subobliqua ; labio externo inttis incrassato ; 
columella tumida, fusco tincti, ad marginem denticulata, in medio 
denticulata. Operculo nigro. 

Of a more or less conical form, with the upper part of the 


538 


whorls gently sloped, thick, white, with strong black, longitudinal, 
undulating, and interrupted lines and bands; columella thick, 
with an orange brown tint near the outer edge, the immer edge 
toothed, with a short sinus in the centre ; operculum black. Of the 
two specimens figured, one is more and the other less conical than 
the average. 

Banks of the Ganges, Calcutta. 


103. Nerirmva communis (pl. cix. f. 14-25), Quoy et Gaim. 
Voy. Astrol. N. elegantina, PZilippi, Abbildungen, p. 25. t.1.f. 3. 


N. test& ovali, subconici, VW. Smithii simili, sed anfractibus 
minis rotundatis, labio externo prope suturam elevato ; columella 
minus tumida, vix arcuati; epidermide tenuissima; testa varie picta. 

Of a more oval form than N. Smithii, with the slope of the 
spire more gradual; the columella is not nearly so gibbous, and 
scarcely arched; the outer lip has a shght elevation near the 
suture, is thinner and rather more expanded ; the external surface 
is variously painted. 

Island of Siquijor, Phiippmes; on stones in a small stream. 
Cuming. 


104, Nerrrma puumBea (pl. exu. f. 119, 120), fecluz, MS. 
N. Nux, Brod.? 


N. testa N. communi simili, sed magis globosi; apertura 
majore. 

A more ventricose shell than NV. communis, and with a larger 
aperture. The typical variety is of a leaden colour; another is 
of a lemon tint, and the other is olive, with dark broad bands. 

Island of Bohal, Philippines. Cuming. 


105. Nurivina Zepra (pl. cxu. f. 96, 97), Lam., Anim. s. 
vert. Nerita, no. 4. 


N. testa globosi, subconici, glabra, epidermide crassa mduta, 
fasciis perobliquis picté ; apertura magna, labio externo itis in- 
erassato ; columellé subgibbos’, in medio paulultm arcuati, den- 
ticulata. 

Of a subglobose form, with the spire inclining to conical, not 
very thick, covered with a rather thick epidermis, through which 
very oblique black bands are seen, ‘The aperture is large; the 
outer lip thin near the edge, but thickened within; the columella 
of a dull smoky-brown colour, not much thickened, slightly 
arched in the centre of the edge, and denticulated. 

Tahiti. 


539 


106. Nerina Tourtons (pl. exu. f. 92, 93), ——?P 


N. testa WV. Zebra simili, sed aufractibus prope suturam depressis ; 
columellé complanata, castaned. 

Resembling WV. Zebra, but with the whorls rather depressed 
near the suture, and the columella rather flat, and of a chestnut 
colour. 

New Iveland. &. B. Hinds, Esg., RN. 


107. Nerirtna turrira (pl. exi. f. 91, 118, 114), Chemn. ix. 
t. 124. £1085. NN. strigilata, Lam. Var. (f.91) N. Royssiana, 
Recluz. 


N. testi N. Zebre simillima, sed magis conic’, spiri magis ex- 
serti, labio interno tumido, carneolo. 

Resembling WV. Zebra, but with the spire more produced, 
and the umer lip more tumid. ‘The variety (f. 91) named J. 
foyssiana, Recluz, and figured in the Conchological Mustrations 
as NV. strigilata var., is smaller, and has the black markings very 
small and angulated. 

Madagascar. 


108. Nerirma semurcontca (pl. exi. f. 116), Lam., Anim. s. 
vert. Sow., Conch. Ill. f. 23. 


N. testi NV. Zebre simili, sed magis conici, solidiore, labio in- 
terno tumido, carneolo ; NV. turrite stmili, sed magis ovali, maculis 
nigris in fasctis tribus picta. 

This is so distinctly recognizable as a species of Lamarck, that 
we do not push our scruples to the extreme against admitting a 
specification which has so little beyond arrangement of colour to 
sustain it. The shell is like \. ¢wrrita, but rather more solid, 
and has the slope of the spire more gradual. The three bands of 
dull grey are marked by angular black spots. 

Banks of the Ganges, Calcutta. 


109. Nuritrina putcHra (pl. cx. f. 89, 90), Sow., Conch. 
Ti i2b9. 


N. testa WV. Zebre simili, sed columelli subcomplanata, vix 
crenulati, fulvo tincta, epidermide translucidé, rubro et nigro 
varié picta. 

The columella is flattish, scarcely crenulated, with a touch of 
yellowish colour. Under the somewhat transparent epidermis 
may be seen a broad-meshed reticulation of red in two bands and 
black in three. 

Panama. Cuming. 


540 


110. Nerrrina Zrozac (pl. exu. f. 105, 106, 107, 110), 
Lamarck, Anim. s. vert. N.Coromandeliana, Recluz, Incl. 


N. testa NV. Zebra simili, sed solidiore ; columelli magis tumida, 
epidermide tenui, lineis et “fasciis obliquiis varie positis. 

More solid than V. Zebra, with the columella more tumid. The 
black markings are very variously placed. The variety from Coro- 
mandel (f. 110) has angular spots placed diagonally. In the 
absence of certain identification, we follow Dr. Philippi, im ap- 
plymg the name to this species. 

Tahiti, Manilla, and the Island of Luzon, Philippines. Cuming. 


111. Nerrrmva Cuvrnrana (pl. exii. f. 94, 95), Recluz, Rev. 
Zool., 1841, p. 338. 


N. testa WV. Smithii simili, sed apertur’ majore, anfractibus su- 
perné elevatis ; columellé subcomplanata, rubro marginata ; colore 
griseo maculato et nonnunquam fasciato. 

Differmg from N. Smithii in the largeness of the aperture, the 
flatness of the red-margined columella, and in the arrangement of 
colours; it approaches nearer to N. communis, from which it 
differs principally m the shape of the spire, the upper part of the 
whorls being depressed close to the suture, and then slightly 


elevated. 
New Ireland. &. B. Hinds. 


112. Neririna Cumtnetana (pl. ex. f.115), Recluz, Rev. 
Zool., 1842, p. 77. 


N. test’ WV. ¢turrite simili, sed solidiore, longe magis conica, 
anfractibus quatuor validis, declivis. 

Resembling NV. ¢urrita in the characters which distinguish that 
species from N. Zebra, and differmg from it in being still more 
conical, having four deep and gradually increasing whorls. The 
shell is also more solid, and the epidermis thin. 


Island of Siquijor; on stones in mountain streams. Cuming. 


113. Nerrrmva avrerrtma (pl. exvi. f. 270), Koch, Phil. 
Abbil¢stoted. ll. 


N. testa globoso-subconicd, nigri; spira exsertiusculd, anfrac- 
tibus propé suturam subexcavatis; apertura obliqua, albi, labio 
interno subcomplanato, ad marginem in medio paululum emargi- 
nato, minuté dentato ; labio externo subtits subproducto. 

Rather nearly resembling WV. caffra (Sp. 101), next to which it 


541 


should be placed; but with the columellar lip not at all tumid, 
the spire more produced, and having a much stronger excavation 
near the suture. 


114. Nerrrina Gurverti (pl. exvi. f. 272), Recluz, MS. 


N. test transversé subovali, solida, nigr4, transversé striata ; 
spiri, depress’, apice planulato; aperturd magna, flavidai; labio 
interno planulato, minuté dentato; labio externo subexpanso. 

Rather solid, black, transversely striated, of an oval form, with 
depressed spire, and should come near V. Morio (Sp. 24). The 
aperture is yellow, with the inner lip flat, the outer lip rather 
expanded. 


115. Neririna tueusris (pl. exvi. f. 271), Philippi, Abbil- 
dungen, 1 band, 2 hef., p.20. Neritina, pl. 1. f. 9. 


N. test& transversé subovali, nigra, levi; spird depress’, apice 
plano; aperturd magna, ceruled; labio interno levi, planulato ; 
labio externo subexpanso. 

Less solid than V. Guinerit (Sp. 114), and should be placed 
with it near NV. Morio (Sp. 24). The aperture is blue, with the 
imner lip quite flat and smooth, and the outer lip expanded and 
slightly angular near the lower edge; the external surface is 
smooth and black. 

Sandwich Islands. Phzlippi. 


116. Nerrrina sorrpissima (pl. exvi. f. 273), Sowerby, junr., 
Pro. Zool. Soc., 1849. 


N. testa subglobosd, solid’, migra, transversé striati; spira 
depress’, apice planulato; apertura magna, albi; labio interno 
planulato, margine recto, dentato ; labio externo superné et inferné 
expanso, subangulato, intis incrassato. 

This species presents the idea of NV. cariosa (Sp. 3), in an early 
stage of growth before the full expansion of the outer lip; it is, 
however, a much more solid shell; the inner lip is flat, and the 
outer lip thickened within. 


NERITINA 


eee 


LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CIX. to CXVI. 


(The Figure after each name is the number of the Species.) 


Mig. Pate CIX. 
1, 2. N. corona, var., 55. 
3, 4. — rugata, 71. 
5-8. — Soverbiana, 70. 


9, 10. — avellana, 69. 
11, 12. — interrupta, 65. 
13. — Becki, 17. 


14-25. — communis, 103. 


26, 27. — squamosa, 67. 
28, 29. — obscurata, 59. 


30, 31. — Bengalensis, 61. 


Puate CX. 


32-34. — aculeata, 21. 
35-38. — subgranosa, 57. 
39, 40. — Donovana, 64. 
41, 42. — Diadema, 62. 
4.3, 44. — aspersa, 58. 


45, — brevispina, 56. 
46-50. — corona, 55. 
51, 52. — brevispina, 56. 
53, 54. — spinifera, 63. 
56-58. — Recluziana, 54. 
59, 60. — Souleyetana, 60. 
61. — spinosa, 53. 
62, 63. — longispina, 52. 
64. — spinosa, 53. 


Prate CXI. 


65, 66. — pulligera, 13. 
67. —— cornea, 36, 


Vig. 


68, 69. N. pupa, 80. 


70, 71. 


— cornea, 36. 


72, 73. — obtusa, 33. 


74. — reticulata, 32. 
75, 76. — canalis, 18. 

V7. — Petitii, 16. 

78. — Knorru, 15. 

79. — squamapicta, 22. 

80. — labiosa, 25. 
81-88. — dubia, 35. 

Prats CXII. 

89, 90. — pulchra, 109. 

91. — turrita, 107. 


| 119,120 


92, 93. 
94, 95. 


— Turtoni, 106. 
— Cuvierana, 111. 


96, 97. — Zebra, 105. 
98, 99. — striolata, 99. 
100. — sobrina, 98. 
101, 102. — lineolata, 97. 
108, 104. — Gagates, 100. 
105-107. —— Ziezac, 110. 
108, 109. — Michaudii, 76. 
110. — Ziezac, var., 110. 
111, 112. — Caffra, 101. 
113, 114. — turrita, 107. 
115. — Cumingiana, 112. 
| 116. — semiconica, 108. 
117, 118. — Smith, 102. 


. — plumbea, 104. 


Puarse CXIII. 

Wig. 

121, 122. N. ovalis, 1. 

123-125. — dilatata, 2. 

126. — cariosa, 3. 

127, 128. — Sandwichensis, 4:. 

129, 130. — auriculata, 5. 

131, 182. — vespertina, 6. 

133, 134. — Tahitensis, 7. 

135-137. — bicanaliculata, 8. 
138. — subauriculata, 10. 

139-144. —— erepidularia, 9. 

145, 146. — Siquijorensis, 12. 

147, 148. — depressa, 11. 
149. — Powissiana, 14. 
150. — Knorru, 15. 

Puate CXIV. 

151, 152. — transversalis, 27. 

153, 154. — succinea, 28. 

155, 156. — Danubiensis, 30. 

157, 158. — carinata, 31. 
159. — Bruguieri, 19. 

160, 161. — asperulata, 20. 
162. — sanguinea, 23. 
163. — Morio, 24. 

164. — serrulata, 37. 
165. — apiata, 38. 

166, 167. — piperina, 39. 
168. — Oweniana, 42. 
169. — intermedia, 43. 

170, 171. — granosa, 40. 

172, 173. — latissima, 41. 

174-176. — intermedia, 4:3. 


177. — Guayaquilensis, 44. 


Priatre CXV. 
178-186. — fluviatilis, 26. 
187-190. — meridionalis, 29. 
191, — Panayana, 34. 
192. — punctulata, 45. 


[aos 


cs 


Nig. 

193. N. Afra, 46. 

194. — cassiculum, 47. 
195, 196. — triserialis, 48. 
197, 198. — tritonensis, 49. 


199. — Sandalina, 50. 
200, 201. — Perrotettiana, 51. 
202, 203. — circumvoluta, 68. 

204. — bicolor, 66. 


205. — celata, 72. 

206. — subpunctata, 73. 
207, 208. — olivacea, 74. 
209-211. — pulchella, 79. 

212. — pupa, 80. 
213-215. — Jordani, 81. 

216. — chlorostoma, 75. 
217, 218. — Michaud, 76. 
219-221. — faba, 78. 


Pirate CXVI. 


222. — Maeri, 82. 
223, 224. — arctilineata, 83. 
225, 226. — analotica, 84. 
227, 228. — Rangiana, 86. 
229, 230. — viridis, 85. 

231. — luctuosa, 87. 
232-239. — Virginia, 89. 
240, 241. — reclivata, 88. 
242-246. — Mertoniana, 90. 
247, 248. — Anatensis, 93. 


249-251. — Listeri, 91. 
252, 253. — meleagris, 92. 
254, 255. — Adansoniana, 94. 


256-263. — glabrata, 95. 
264-266. — reticularis, 96. 
267-269. — picta, 77. 

270. — aterrima, 113. 
. — lugubris, 115. 
272. — Guinern, 114. 
3. — solidissima, 116. 


544 


ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


aculeata, Sp. 21, f. 32-34. 


Adansoniana, 94, f. 254, 255. 


Afra, 46, f. 198. 

Africana, v. Afra. 
amphibia, v. cornea. 
ampullaria, V. cornea. 
Analotica, 84, f. 225, 226. 
Anatensis, 93, f. 247, 248. 
apiata, 38, f. 165. 
arctilineata, 83, f. 223, 224. 
aspersa, 58, f. 43, 44. 
asperulata, 20, f. 160, 161. 
aterrima, 118, f. 270. 
auriculata, 5, f. 129, 130. 
avellana, 69, f. 9, 10. 
Beetica, v. meridionalis. 
Beckii, 17, f.13. 

bella, v. dubia. 
Bengalensis, 21, f. 30, 31. 


bicanaliculata, 8, f. 135-137. 


bicolor, 66, f. 204. 
Braziliana, v. Virginia. 
brevispina, 56, f. 45-52. 
brevispina, V. corona. 
Bruguieri, 19, f. 159. 
celata, 72, f. 205. 
Caffra, 101, f. 111, 112. 
canalis, 18, f. 75, 76. 
capillulata, v. reticularis. 
carinata, 31, f. 157, 158. 
cariosa, 3, f. 126. 
cassiculum, 47, f. 194. 
chlorostoma, 75, f. 216. 


circumvoluta, 68, f. 202, 203. 


communis, 1038, f. 14-25. 


cornea, Sp. 36, f. 67, 70, 71. 
Coromandeliana, v. Ziczac. 
corona, 55, f. 1, 2, 46-50. 
corona, V. longispina. 
crepidularia, 9, f. 139-144. 
Cumingiana, 112, f.115. 
Cuvierana, 111, f. 94, 95. 
Danubiensis, 30, f. 155, 156. 
depressa, 11, f. 147, 148. 
Diadema, 62, f. 41, 42. 
dilatata, 2, f. 123-125. 
Donovana, 64, f.39, 40. 
dubia, 35, f. 81-88. 
elegantina, V. communis. 
Lllepenensis, v. Jordani. 
elongatula, v. meridionalis. 
faba, 78, f. 291-229. 
fasciata, v. dubia. 

Jasciata, v. cornea. 
Floridana, v. reclivata. 
fluviatilis, 26, f. 178-186. 
Gagates, 100, f. 103, 104. 
glabrata, 95, f. 256-263. 
globosa, v. intermedia. 
granosa, 40, f. 170,171. 
Guayaquilensis, 44, f. 177. 
Guinerii, 114, f. 272. 
Hildreichii, v. fluviatilis. 
imquinata, v. meridionalis. 


intermedia, 43, f. 169, 174-176. 


interrupta, 65, f.11, 12. 
intexta, v. fluviatilis. 
Jordani, 81, f. 218-215. 
Knorrii, 15, f. 78, 150. 
labiosa, 25, f. 80. 


latissima, Sp. 41, f. 172, 173. 


Leachii, v. Virginia. 
lineolata, 97, f. 101, 102. 
Listeri, 91, f. 249-251. 
longispina, 52, f. 62, 63. 
luctuosa, 87, f. 231. 
lugubris, 115, f. 271. 
lutescens, v. meridionalis. 
Macri, 82, f. 222. 
macrostoma, v. reclivata. 
Mauritii, v. Sandwichensis. 
melanostoma, v. crepidularia. 
meleagris, 92, f. 252, 253. 
meridionalis, 29, f. 187-190. 
Mertoniana, 90, f. 242-246. 


Michaudii, 76, f. 108, 109, 217, 218. 


mittreana, v. fluviatilis. 
montacuta, V. corona. 
Moreleti, v. meridionalis. 
Morio, 24, f. 163. 

Morio, v. cornea. 
nebulata, v. Oualanensis. 
Numidica, v. fluviatilis. 
Nuttali, v. cariosa. 
obscurata, 59, f. 28, 29. 
obtusa, 33, f. 72, 73. 
olivacea, 74, f. 207, 208. 
Oualanensis, v. Mertoniana. 
ovalis, 1, f. 121, 122. 
Oweniana, 42, f. 168. 
Polaponensis, v. fluviatilis. 
pallida, v. Rangiana. 
Panayana, 34, f. 191. 
papillosa, Vv. granosa. 


Perrotettiana, 51, f. 200, 201. 


Petiti, 16, f. 77. 
Philippi, v. meridionalis. 
Philippinarum, vy. dubia. 


AS 


picta, Sp. 77, f. 267-269. 
piperina, 39, f. 166, 167. 
plumbea, 104, f. 119, 120. 
Powissiana, 14, f. 149. 
pulchella, 79, f. 209-211. 
pulchra, 109, f. 89, 90. 
pulligera, 13, f. 65, 66. 
punctulata, 45, f. 192. 
pupa, 80, f. 68, 69, 212. 
Rangiana, 86, f. 227, 228. 
rarispina, V. luctuosa. 
reclivata, 88, f. 240, 241. 
Recluziana, 54, f. 56-58. 
reticularis, 96, f. 264-266. 
reticulata, 32, f. 74. 
reticulata, v. dubia. 
Royssiana, v. turrita. 
rugata, 71, f. 3, 4. 
ruginosa, V. subgranosa. 
Sandalina, 50, f.199. 
Sandwichensis, 4, f. 127, 128. 
sanguinea, 23, f. 162. 
Sardoa, v. fluviatilis. 
semiconica, 108, f. 116. 
serratilineata, v. Danubiensis. 
serrulata, 37, f. 164. 
Siquijorensis, 12, f. 145, 146. 
Smithii, 102, f. 117, 118. 
sobrina, 98, f. 100. 
solida, v. olivacea. 
solidissima, 116, f. 273. 
Souleyetana, 60, f. 59, 60. 
Soverbiana, 70, f. 5-8. 
spinifera, 63, f. 53, 54. 
spinosa, 53, f. 61, 64. 
squamapicta, 22, f. 79. 
squamosa, 67, f. 26, 27. 

| strigilata, v. vurrita. 


striolata, Sp. 99, £98, 99. 
subauriculata, 10, f. 138. 
subgranosa, 57, f. 35-38. 
subpunctata, 73, f. 206. 
subsulcata, v. cornea. 
succinea, 28, f. 153, 154. 
sulcata, v. aculeata. 
Tahitensis, 7, f. 133, 134. 
thermatis, v. fluviatilis. 
Touranensis, v. crepidularia. 


transversalis, 27, f. 151, 152. 


trifasciata, v. fluviatilis. 
triserialis, 48, f. 195, 196. 
tristis, V. pupa. 

tritonensis, 49, f. 197, 198. 


46 


tritonensis, V. intermedia. 
turrita, 107, f. 91, 1138, 114. 
Turtoni, 106, f. 92, 93. 
undata, v. Smithii. 
vespertina, 6, f. 131, 132. 
violacea, v. crepidularia, 
Virginia, 89, f. 232-239. 
viridis, 85, f. 229, 300. 
viridis, v. Rangiana. 

Zebra, 105, f. 96, 97. 
Zebra, v. dubia. 

Zebra, V. sobrina. 

zebrina, Vv. fluviatilis. 
zebroides, v. dubia. 

Ziczac, 110, f. 105-107, 110. 


MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS 
NAVICELLA. 


Fam. Neritacez. 


Char. Gen. Molluscum Trachelipodum fluviatile. Testa ellip- 
tica, superné convexa, epidermide cornea induta, apice prope mar- 
ginem posticum incurvo; subtts concava, labio interno septi- 
formi. Operculum solidum, planum, radiatum, unidentatum. 

A genus of Trachelipodous fluviatile mollusks, with the shell 
of an oval form, convex above, covered with a smooth epidermis, 
with the apex simple and placed at or near the posterior margin ; 
concave beneath, with a laminated, septiform inner hp. Oper- 
culum shelly, rather quadrate, flat, radiating, and with generally 
a sharp tooth-like process at the side. 


1. NavICELLA PORCELLANA (pl. exvi. f. 1, 2. pl. exviii. dvs. 
f. 43,44). Patella porcellana, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1257. Nerita 
porcellana, Chemu. Conch. t. ix. p. 68. pl. 124. f. 1082. Patella 
Borbonica, Vincent. Septaria Borbonica, Mérussac. Crepidula 
Borbonica, De Roissy. Navicella Perousn (N. elliptica, Quoy et 
Gaimard), Reeluz. Navicella elliptica, Lamarck, Sowerby, Sc. 


N. testi ovali, valide convexa, sub epidermide varié nigro fas- 
ciata vel reticulata; apice recto, marginem paulultim superante ; 
labio interno subangustato, margine recto; operculo subquadrato, 
brevi. 

Of the typical oval form, variously marked with black under a 
transparent epidermis, very convex, with the apex nearly straight, 
and slightly going beyond the margin. ‘The septum is rather narrow, 
with the edge nearly straight, and the operculum is of a rather 
square form. 

The Bourbon Isles, the Mauritius, and Madagascar. 


2. NavVICELLA MACROCEPHALA (pl. cxvu. f. 4, 5), Le Guillon, 
Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 374. 


N. testa subelongaté, depressi, sub epidermide nigro divarica- 
4B 


545 


tim strigilata et reticulaté; apice decumbente, longé marginem 
posticum superante; labio interno latiusculo, margine arcuato ; 
operculo subelongato, dente elongato. 

More elongated than N. depressa, and having the apex pro- 
duced very much beyond the margin; the septum is rather 
broader and arched at the edge; the operculum is rather ionger. 

Lebouka, Feejee Islands. J. Larges. 


3. Navicetza Luzonica (pl. exvi. f. 6,7), Recluz, Rev. 
Zool. 1841, p. 376. 


N. testé oblongé, validé convex’, iummaculati; apice decum- 
bente, longé marginem posticum superante; labio interno lato, 
margine recto. 

Oblong, and with a large apex as in WV. macrocephala, but much 
more convex and destitute of markings, and the septum nearly 
straight at the edge. 

Island of Luzon; Souleyet. On stones in rivers; Islands of 
Panay and Mindinao, Philippines; Cuming. 


4, NAvVICELLA DEPRESSA (pl. cxvu. f. 8,9, 10), Lesson, Voy. 
de la Coquille, p. 868. Var. N. zebra, Lesson. 


N. test ovali, depressi, sub epidermide nigro divaricatim stri- 
gilaté; apice recto, marginem tegente; labio interno subangus- 
tato, margine recto ; operculo subquadrato, brevi. 

Although the convex side of this species is much less elevated 
than in XW. porcellana, and the apex less prominent, I have much 
hesitation m admitting the validity of the distmetion. 

New Guinea, New Holland, New Ireland; Quoy e¢ Gaimard. 
Tahiti; Cuming. 


5. Navicetta JANELLI (pl. cxvu. f. 11, 12, 18), Recluz, 
Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 376. 


N. testa ovali, validé convexd, minuté concentrice striata, 
sub epidermide nigro lineata et reticulaté; apice oblongo, valido, 
marginem superante; labio interno lato, plerumque aurantio, in 
medio paululim arcuato; operculo magno, griseo, prope dentem 
angulariter emarginato. 

Differmg from JV. porcel/ana in having the apex more distinct, 
and decidedly curved upwards (holding the shell in a position ana- 
logous to that of a Nerita with the spire uppermost). ‘The septum 
is also broader than in NV. porcellana, and slightly arched in the 


549 


centre. The operculum is rather more oblong, and much more 
strongly lobed: it is generally of grey colour. The external 
surface is also very slightly striated in direction of the lines of 
growth. 

On stones in a deep river, Island of Luzon, Philippines. Cuming. 


6. Navicenia aprata (pl. cxvii. f. 14, 15. pl. exviii. dis. 
f.39), Le Guillon, Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 376. 


N. test rotundato-subtrigond, depress’, exttis obscuré nigro 
reticulata, epidermide fuscd indutd; apice decumbente, marginem 
superante ; ints ceruled, nonnunquam maculis nigris magnis 
lateralibus duabus; septo subtrigono ; impressionibus musculari- 
bus rectiusculis. 

Much depressed and spread out at the sides, rather narrowed 
in front, so as to give a somewhat trigonal form to the shell. The 
septum is trigonal, and the muscular impressions straight and 
narrow. 


Island of Bourbon. 


7. Navicetia Cumrinerana (pl. exvui. f. 16, 17, 18), Recluz, 
Zool. Pro. 1842, p. 157. 


N. testa ovali, convexd, sub epidermide concentricé nigro unda- 
tim fasciata; apice magno, marginem superante ; labio interno in 
medio producto; operculo subovali, ad terminum bilobato; im- 
pressionibus muscularibus latis. 

This species, with the form of N. porcellana, and the produced 
apex of NV. macrocephala and N. Luzonica, is remarkable for the 
shape of the septum, which is curved outwards in the centre, 
somewhat in the form of a uvula; the operculum is also peculiar, 
being rather oval, with two equal lobes at the end. 

Lebouka, Feejee Islands; MW. Furges. Islands of Mindinao 
and Caminguing, Philippines; on stones in a mountain stream ; 
Cuming. 


8. Navicerta Freycinert (pl. exvii. f. 19, 20), Recluz, 
Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 375. 


N. testa ovali, convexd, sub epidermide angulatim lineata ; apice 
magno, marginem superante; labio interno in medio producto, 
uvuleeformi, quadrato ; impressionibus muscularibus latissimis. 

Resembling N. Suffreni, but having the septum still more 
strongly uvuleform and the produced part squared. The muscular 

4B 


550 


impressions, which in V. Suffreai ave broad, are still more so in 
this species, leaving a very narrow ship of the inner surface of the 
shell between them. 


9. NaviceLLa Lineata (pl. cxviii. f. 21, 22, 23, 24, 25), 
Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. Septaria Navicula, Férussac. 


N. testa elongata, epidermide tenuissima, nigro vel rubro longi- 
tudinaliter fasciat&é seu reticulata, seu seriatim maculaté ; apice 
angusto, plerumque roseo, marginem vix superante ; septo ‘latius- 
culo, trigono, margine arcuato; operculo elongato, ad terminum 
acute dentato, emar rginato. 

The most lengthened and narrow of all the species, with the 
apex narrow and protruding very slightly beyond the margin ; 
the septum trigonal, and the operculum elongated. The colours, 
either red or black, are for the most part arranged in longitudinal 
lines or bands, but, in some varieties, reticulated. 

Indian rivers; Lamarck. Var. f.25, Botanic Gardens, Cal- 
cutta. Many varieties, from the Islands of Luzon and Mindinao, 
Philippines ; Cuming. 


10. NaviceLya TESSELLATA (pl. exviil. f. 26, 27, 28. pl. cxviil. 
bis. £. 48, 49), Lam., Anim. s. vert. N. Entrecastauxn, (f. 34.) 
fecluz, Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 380. 


N. test oblong’, epidermide tenuissimd, nigro vel rubro qua- 
dratim tessellata vel reticulata; apice vix marginem tegente ; septo 
latiusculo, subconvexo, margine arcuato ; operculo breviusculo. 

Rather broader and more square than N. dineata, with the apex 
scarcely touching the edge, and not so much narrowed. ‘The 
difference in the marking can scarcely be regarded as constant, 
although im this species there is a greater tendency to a tessel- 
lated form. 

Ceylon (var. f. 25); Ma. Middleton. On stones in rivers; Islands 
of Luzon and Mindinao, Philippmes ; Caumzng. 


11. NavicELLA C&@RULESCENS (pl. cxvui. f. 29, pl. cxviil. dis. 
f. 36, 37, 38), Recluz, MS. 


N. testé breviuscula, subdepressa, subquadrata, caerulea, maculis 
nigris angulatis picti; margine apicem superante; septo angus- 
tissimo, rete 

Resembling J. tessed/ata, but with the septum extremely narrow 
and arched; the shell is also broader in proportion to its length. 

Ganges River, Bengal; collected on stones by Mr. Westerman. 


551 


12. Navicerna suporBrcuraris (pl. cxviii. f. 30, 31, var. ? 
pl. exvii. f. 3), Sowerby, sen., Tank. Cat., Appendix, No. 1092. 


N. test’ subrotundata, convexd, griseo rufescente reticulata ; 
apice rotundo, haud ad marginem extenso; apertura intus au- 
rantid; septo angustato; operculo subquadrato, acuté unidentato. 

Rather round in form, very convex, with a rounded apex not 
reaching the margin. The external surface is reticulated with 
reddish-grey lines; the inner part generally presents an orange 
tint under the septum; the septum is very narrow. 

Timor; Sowerby. On stones in rivulets, Island of Johanna, 
Commoros; ev. W. Hennah. 


13. Navicetta Crypzotum (pl. cxvui. f. 32, 33, 34, 35), 
Recluz, MS. N. atra, N. radiata, N. Recluzii, Reeve, Conchologia 
Systematica. 


N. testa ovali, minutissimé striata, subdepressd, rubro nigroque 
varié tessellata et fasciaté ; apice parvo, margine apicem superante ; 
septo semicirculari, subconvexo, margine paululiim arcuato ; oper- 
culo subquadrato, acutissimé unidentato. 

In this species the apex does not reach the margin, and the 
external surface is very finely striated. The shell is rather depressed 
and variously tessellated, sometimes in longitudinal bands, with 
red and black. The septum is rounded at the posterior, and very 
slightly arcuated at the anterior margin, with a tendency to con- 
vexity. The operculum is very strongly toothed. 

On stones in rivers, in several of the Philippine Islands. Cuming. 


14. NaviceLLA VARIABILIS (pl. cxvin. des. f. 40, 41, 42), 
Recluz, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 155. 


N. testa N. Clypeoto simili, sed margine vix expanso, apice 
marginali, dorso magis tumido. 

like NV. Clypeolum, but with the margin less spread, the back 
higher, and the beak more curved, so as to reach the margin. 

Mindinao, Philippines. Cuming. 


15. Navicetxa Cooxtt (pl. exvi. dis. £. 45-47), Recluz, MS. 


N. testa N. suborbiculari sumili, sed magis ovali, apice marginem 
tegente, labio latiusculo, aurantio. 

Like WV. suborbicularis, but more oval; the apex bent down so 
as to reach the margin; the septum a little broader, and of a 
bright orange-colour. 

One of the Commoro Islands (Johanna). Rev. W. Hennah. 


NAVICELLA. 


Rn 


LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CXVIE, CXVIII., and 
CXVIIL. dis. 


Fig. 
1, 2. N. porcellana, Linneus, Sp. 1. 
3. — suborbicularis, var. ? 
4,5. — macrocephala, Le Guillon, 2. 


6, 7. -— Luzonica, Recluz, 3. 

8-10. — depressa, Lesson, 4. 
11-13. — Janellii, Recluz, 5. 
14, 15. 
16-18. — Cumingiana, Reeluz, 7. 
19, 20. — Freycineti, Recluz, 8. 
21-25. — lineata, Lamarck, 9. 
26-28. — tessellata, Lamarck, 10. 

29. — ecerulescens, Recluz, 11. 
30, 31. — suborbicularis, Sowerby, 12. 
32-35. — Clypeolum, Recluz, 13. 
36-38. — cerulescens, Recluz, 11. 

39. — apiata, var., Le Guillon, 6. 
40-42. — variabilis, Recluz, 14. 

43, 44. — porcellana, Young, 1. 
45-47. — Cooku, Recluz, 15. 


apiata, Le Gillon, 6. 


SPECIFIC SYNONYMA. 


elliptica, Zam., v. porcellana, Sp. 1. 
Borbonica, St. Vincent, v. porcellana, 1. 
Perousii, Recluz, v. porcellana, 1. 

zebra, Lesson, v. depressa, 4, f. 10. 
Entrecastauxii, Recluz, v. tessellata, 10, f. 48. 
atra, Reeve, v. Clypeolum, 13, f. 34. 

radiata, Reeve, v. Clypeolum, 13, f. 35. 
Recluzii, Reeve, v. Clypeolum, 138. 


SPECIES UNIDENTIFIED. 


Bougainvilli, Recluz, Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 374. 
D’Urvillei, Recluz, Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 378. 
Suffreni, Recluz, Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 374. 


553 


MONOGRAPH OF THE FAMILY 


BULLIDA. 


By ARTHUR ADAMS, R.N., F.LS. 


{Norsr. The following generic divisions of the Bulhdae, by 
Arthur Adams, Esq., as founded upon a careful examination of 
the animals and shells, are here given, although not in accordance 
with the general plan of our work, because researches so useful 
ought not to be lost for want of a vehicle for their publication. 
At the same time, it will be observed that in enumerating the 
species of shells, the usual form is adopted, and the proposed 
genera only mentioned as subgenera. Collectors will thus have 
the opportunity of choosing their own mode of arrangement. | 


Fam. BULLID. 


Head with tentacular lobes, often forming by their union a 
flattened cephalic disc. Gills on the right side of the back, covered 
by the mantle or by a shell. Foot more or less dilated at the 
sides into swimming lobes. 

Shell none, internal, or external. Operculum none. 


Genus 1. Butirna, Mérussac. Buiiinuta, Beck. (Bulla, 
sp. 1-3. pl. exx. f. 1-3.) 


Animal ignotum. 

Testa solida, ovata, umbilicata, transversé sulcata. Spira ele- 
vata. Labrum intis sulcatum. Labium sinuosum, anticé sub- 
truncatum. 

Animal unknown. 

Shell solid, ovate, umbilicated, transversely grooved. Spire 
elevated. Outer lip internally grooved. Inner lip sinuous, ante- 
norly subtruncated. 


554 


Genus 2. ApLustruM, Schumacher. (Animal, pl. exix. f. 1. 
Shells, Budla, sp. 4, 5. pl. exx. f. 4-7.) 


Animal ut m Hydatina. 

Testa globoso-ovalis ; spira depresso-plana. Apertura oblonga, 
postice haud coarctata, canali brevi subemarginato; labium externum 
acutum ; labium internum nullum. Columella prominens, invo- 
luta, tortilis, obliqué truncata, margine interno tenuissimo, sub- 
replicato. Umbilicus nullus. 

Animal as in Hydatina. 

Shell globosely oval; spire depressly flattened. Aperture ob- 
long, posteriorly slightly contracted, with a short subemarginate 
canal; outer lip sharp, inner lip wanting. Columella prominent, 
involute, twisted, obliquely truncated ; inner margin very thin, 
somewhat reflected. Umbilicus none. 


Genus 3. Hypatina, Schumacher. (Animal, pl. exix. f. 2. 
Shells, Bulla, sp. 7-10. pl. cxx. f. 8-18.) 


Caput appendicibus labialibus duabus bifidis; lobis tentacu- 
laribus duobus, acuminatis, auriculatis, posterioribus lanceolatis, 
sursum testam recurvatis; oculi minimi, nigri, ad basin internam 
eorum sessiles. Pallium interné tenue, membranaceum, externé 
crassum, carneum, triangulare, circa spiram convolutum. Pes 
magnus, tenuis, membranaceus, sursum testam recurvatus, anticé 
auriculatus, postice rotundatus. 

Testa ovali-globosa, valdé ventricosa; spira depressiuscula. 
Apertura ampla, posticé coarctata; labium externum tenue, acutum; 
labium internum tenuissimum, replicato-adnatum. Venter im- 
perforatus, inflatus. 

Head with two bifid labial appendages; tentacular lobes two, 
pointed, auriculate, posterior large, flattened, lanceolate, recurved 
over the shell; eyes small, black, and sessile at their inner bases. 
Mantle internally thin and membranous, externally thick, fleshy, 
triangular, curving round the spire. Foot large, thin, membra- 
nous, recurved over the shell, auriculate in front, rounded behind. 

Shell ovately globose, very ventricose; spire somewhat de- 
pressed. Aperture wide, posteriorly contracted ; outer lip thin, 
sharp; inner lip very thin, reflected over and adnate to the last 
whorl. Last whorl imperforate, inflated. 


Genus 4. Tornattna, Adams. (Animal, pl. cxix. f.3. Shell, 
Bulla, sp. 11-26. pl. exxi. f. 24-39.) 


Caput subtrigonale, latum, anticé rotundatum, lateribus pro- 


or 
on 
oat 


ductis im lobos triangulares depressos, oculis ad eorum basin 
externam. Pallium parte exteriore incrassata, tuberculis tribus 
instructé, parte interna tenui, subulati, in suturd spire disposita. 
Pes brevis, linearis, anticé truncatus. 

Testa cylindrica vel fusiformi; spira manifesta, apice papillato ; 
sutura canaliculata ; columella callosa, uniplicata. 

Head subtrigonal, broad, anteriorly rounded, the sides pro- 
duced into depressed triangular lobes, with the eyes at their outer 
base. Mantle with the outer part thickened and furnished with 
three tubercles ; inner part thin, subulate, concealed in the channel 
of the spire. Foot short, linear, anteriorly truncated. 

Shell cylindrical or fusiform, spire conspicuous, apex papillated, 
suture channelled, columella callous, with a single plait. 

Buttina, Blainv. Bullina, sp., Macgill. Tornatella, sp., Miener. 
Bullina, sp., Say. Tab. 1. Fig. 6, animal; fig. 7, shell. 


Genus 5. Urricutus, Brown. (Shells, sp. 27-31. pl. exx. 
f. 19-23.) 


Animal test4 reconditum, crassum, latum. Caput latum, breve, 
transversum; vibracula brevia, cornea, remota, lateralia; oculi 
postici, minuti, immersi, remoti; labia tumida buccam formant 
inflatam, verticalem, anticé impressam, medio os preebentem minu- 
tum. Solea testi brevior, subquadrata, antice dilatata, truncata, 
posticé fissuré media in lobos duos divisa. Margo pallu leviter 
mcrassatus, aperturam lambens. 

Testa bullacea, tenuis, ovata; apex truncatus; spira depressa. 

Animal contained within the shell, thick, wide. Head wide, 
short, transverse; tentacles short, conical, wide apart, lateral ; 
eyes posterior, minute, immersed, wide apart ; lips tumid, forming 
an inflated mouth, impressed anteriorly. Foot shorter than the 
shell, subquadrate, anteriorly dilated, truncated, divided pos- 
teriorly by a median fissure into two lobes. Margin of the mantle 
slightly thickened, adhering to the aperture. 

Shell small, oblong-ovate ; outer lip nearly the whole length of 
the last whorl, and entire; spire very short, volutions promient. 

Amphisphyra, Lovén. Diaphana, Brown. 


Genus 6. Axera, Willer. (Animal, pl. exix. f. 4. Shells, 
Bulla, sp. 32-37. pl. exxi. f. 40-46.) 


Animal.—Caput elongatum, anticé latum, bilobatum, posticé an- 
. . 7 . “4 ? . 
gustatum. Oculi null. Suturam spire depressee canaliculatum 
explet pallium, connatum, cirrum emittens longum, tenuem, fili- 
4c 


556 


formem. Pes expansus, anticé angustatus, rotundatus, postice 
latus, truncatus, lateribus valdé dilatatis, natantibus. 

Testa subcylindrica, elastica, convoluta, ultimo anfractu in 
sutura aliis soluto ; spira distincta, anfractibus canaliculatis, vertice 
obtuso; apertura postice angustata, anticé effusa. 

Head elongated, wide and bifid anteriorly, narrow posteriorly. 
Hyes none. Mantle with a fimbriated edge projecting through the 
slit in the spire. Foot expanded, narrow and rounded anteriorly, 
posteriorly broad and truncated; the sides greatly dilated and 
forming swimming lobes. 

Shell cylindrical, elastic, convoluted, the last whorl separated in 
the suture from the others; spire distinct, whorls channelled ; 
apex obtuse; aperture narrow, posteriorly contracted, anteriorly 
effuse. 

Akera, Miller (not Cuvier).  Hucampe, Leach. Vitrella, 
Swainson. 


Genus 7. ScapHanvEeR, Montfort. (Animal, pl. cxix. f. 5. 
Shells, Bulla, sp. 38-42. pl. exxi. f. 47-51.) 


Animal ut in Bulla. 

Testa ovalis; spira subocculta, truncata. Apertura amplissima, 
test longior ; anticé valde dilatata, integerrima ; posticé coarctata, 
excisa; labium externum acutum. Margo cochlez spiraliter ma- 
uifesté convolutus usque ad originem spire. 

Animal as in Bulla? 

Shell oval; spire somewhat concealed, truncated. Aperture 
very wide, longer than the shell, anteriorly greatly dilated, entire, 
posteriorly contracted and channelled; outer lip acute. Margin 
of the shell distinctly spirally convoluted as far as the commence- 
ment of the spire. 

Arrula, Schum. Charta, Martim. Bullea, Roissy. 


Genus 8. Butta, Adem. (Animal, pl. cxix. f. 6. Shells, 
Bulla, sp. 43-55. pl. exxii. and exxii. f. 59-80.) 


Corpus oblongum. Caput latum depressum, lobis _posticis 
duobus ; oculi sessiles in medio capitis. Pallii dextra pars 
carnosa, pedem longé superans; sinistra pars tenuis, adheerens. 
Pes brevis, subquadratus, lateribus anticé reflexis, anteriorem 
partem teste: vix tegentibus. 

Testa ovato-globosa, convoluta ; columella nulla; spira immersa, 
tubulosa; apertura longitudine teste, margine externé acuto. 

Body oblong. Head broad, depressed, with two posterior lobes. 


557 


Right part of the mantle fleshy, equalling in length the foot ; the 
left part thin, adhering. Foot short, subquadrate, the sides 
anteriorly reflected and covering a small part of the fore part of 
the shell. 

Shell ovately globose, convoluted; columella none; spire sunken 
and tubular; aperture the length of the shell, outer margin 
acute. 

Bullus, Mout. Vesica, Swain. Cymbiwm, Adanson. LRhizorus, 
Monttf. 


Genus 9. Haminpa, Leach. (Animal, pl. cxix. f.7. Shells, 
Bulla, sp. 56-78. pl. exxiv. f. 81-106.) 


Corpus oblongum. Caput latum, depressum, elongatum, pos- 
ticé bilobatum; oculi sessiles in medio capitis. Pallium parte 
extern (vel dextra) valdé dilataté, incrassata, truncati, postice 
ultra testam extensi. Pes brevis, subquadratus, alis duabus, 
magnis, natantibus, majorem partem conchze obvelantibus. 

Testa convoluta, cornea, tenuis, transversim striata, columella 
spiraque destituta. 

Body oblong. Head broad, depressed, elongated, posteriorly 
bilobed; eyes sessile on the middle of the head. Mantle with 
the nght or external part greatly dilated, thickened, truncated 
and extending beyond the shell. Foot short, subquadrate, with 
two large swimming lobes, which nearly cover the shell. 

Shell convolute, thin, horny, transversely grooved, destitute of 
columella or spire. 


Genus 10. Arys, Montfort. (Animal, pl. exix. f. 8. Shells, 
Bulla, sp. 79-100. pl. exxiv. and exxv. f. 107-131.) 


Caput subtrigonale, depressumn, posticé bilobatum ; oculi subcu- 
tanei, mm medio capitis. Pallium parte dextra incrassati, truncata, 
posticé ultra testam extensi. Pes brevis, subquadratus, lateribus 
reflexis, anticé dilatatis, supra anteriorem partem conchee dispositis. 

Testa alba, solida, transversé striata ; labrum posticé tortuosum, 
labium anticée plicatum vel subtruncatum. 

Head subtrigonal, depressed, posteriorly bilobed ; eyes sub- 
cutaneous, in the middle of the head. Mantle with the nght 
margin thickened, truncated, and prolonged posteriorly beyond 
the shell. Foot with the sides dilated in front, reflexed and 
folded over the fore part of the shell. 

Shell white, solid, colourless, transversely striated ; outer lip 

4c 2 


KKQ 


508 


posteriorly twisted, inner lip ending anteriorly in a fold, tooth, 
or truncature. 


Naucum, Schum. Alicula, Ehrenb. Rowania, Leach. 


Genus 11. Cyiicnna, Lovén. (Shells, Bulla, sp. 1V1-119. 
pl. exxv. f. 182-151.) 


Ammal breve, latum. Caput depressum, subquadratum, antice 
truncatum ; vibracula lata, deplanata, libera, recumbentia, trans- 
versa; oculi sub eorum basi immersi. Solea brevissima, ovato- 
quadrata. Pallium limbo incrassato, aperturam posticé claudente. 

Testa cylindrica; spira nulla, vertice umbilicato; columella 
callosa, uniplicata. 

Animal short, broad. Head depressed, subquadrate, anteriorly 
truncate ; tentacles wide, flattened, free, recumbent, transverse ; 
eyes immersed in their base. Foot very short, ovately quadrate. 
Mantle with the margin thickened posteriorly, closing the aperture. 

Shell cylindrical; spire none; apex umbilicated; columella 
callous, with a single plait. 

Bullina, Risso (not Férussac). Cylindrella, Swainson. — Vol- 
varia, Brown. 


Genus 12. Votvuna, Adams. (Shells, sp. 120-124. pl. exxv. 
f. 152-156.) 

Animal ignotum. 

Testa subcylindrica, utrinque rostrata; spira occulta; apertura 
angusta; labium obsoleté uniplicatum. 

Animal unknown. 

Shell subcylindrical, beaked at both ends; spire concealed ; 
aperture narrow ; inner lip with a single obsolete fold. 

This genus differs from Volvaria in the spire being entirely 
concealed, and having but a single fold on the fore part of the 
inner lip; and from Ovudwm and Hyalina in the outer lip not 
being thickened or reflected externally. 


Genus 13. Linrerta, Adams. (Animal, pl. exix.f. 9. Shells, 
Bulla, sp. 125-128. pl. exxi. f. 52-55.) 


Caput quadrilaterale, auriculis posterioribus nullis; oculi in 
media superficie superiore capitis. Pallium inclusum, posticé in 
limbo erasso productum. Pes lateribus liberis in alis duabus ex- 
pansis, postice conjunctis, testam circumflexis. 

Testa ovata, depressa; apertura superné subcanaliculata ; la- 
bium internum appendiculo calyciformi, intus spirali. 


559 


Head quadrilateral, without posterior auricles; eyes sessile on 
the middle of the upper surface of the head. Mantle included 
within the shell, ending posteriorly in a thickened lobe. Foot 
with the sides free, not connected to the head, enlarged in the 
form of wings, which unite behind, and cover a portion of the 
shell. 

The side-edges of the foot being free and unconnected with 
the head, the form of the cephalic buckler, and the cup-shaped 
lamina arising from the apex, and ending on the ccolumellar 
border of a depressed open shell, will distinguish this genus from 
the other groups of the family Budde. All the species already 
known are amphibious in their habits. 

Shell oval, depressed; aperture with a slight canal above ; 
inner lip with a cup-shaped appendage, spiral within. 


Genus 14. Cryproputnuatmus, Lhrenberg. (Animal, pl. cxix. 
f.10. Shells, Buda, sp. 129-181. pl. exxi. f. 56-58.) 


Corpus semicylindricum, forma Aplysiz tentaculis destitute. 
Caput depressum, carnosum, margimibus liberis; oculi minimi, 
sub capitis margine, laterales. Pallium concham basi tantim 
obtegit, maxima pars conch liber& partim spirali obtegitur. 
Pes alis duabus lateralibus, retlexis, in dorso complicatis, totum 
corpus involventibus, et postremo corporis fine aperturam bran- 
chialem formantibus. 

Testa fragilis, cornea, vix involuta, columella spirique desti- 
tuta; apertura ampla. 

Body semicylindrical, in form of an Aplysia without tentacles. 
Head depressed, fleshy, the margins free; eyes small, lateral, 
under the margin of the head. Mantle covering only the base 
of the shell. Foot with two lateral wings reflected and folded on 
the back, involving the whole body, and forming a branchial 
aperture at the hind part of the body. 

Shell fragile, horny, scarcely involute, destitute of columella 
and spire; aperture wide. 


Genus 15. Puaneroputuatmus, Adams. (Animal, pl. cxix. 
f.11. Shell, sp. 132. pl. exxv. f. 157, 158.) 


Corpus elongatum, rotundatum. Caput in medio sulcatum, 
lobis rotundatis ad latera instructum, appendicibus posteriori- 
bus brevissimis; oculi parvi, nigri, distantes, superficie capitis 
positi. Pes lateribus super dorsum circumflexis. 

Testa interna ovalis, tota aperta, nec convoluta, margine dextro 
prolongato, contorto, acuto. 


560 


Body elongated, rounded. Head grooved in the middle, with 
rounded lobes at the sides, posterior appendages very short; eyes 
on the upper surface of the head, small, black, and wide apart. 
Foot with the sides folded on the back, leaving between them an 
undulating fissure, a little sloping at the posterior part. 

Shell concealed in the interior of the back above the gills, oval, 
entirely open, without more trace of a spire than a curved process 
at the left border ; the right border prolonged into a point slightly 
turned on itself. 

M. Quoy observes that the Phanerophthalmus both creeps and 
swims, and that the shell, white, and concealed in the interior of 
the back, above the gills, approaches more to the Dolabel/as than 
to the Budias. 'The position of the eyes at once distinguishes it 
from Cryptophthalmus, with which it shows the greatest affinity. 


Genus 16. Sormetus, 4danson. (Animal and shell, pl. exix. 

f. 122) 

Caput non distinctum. Corpus carnosum, semicylindricum, 
lateribus valde sulcatis. 

Testa unguiformis, tenuis, pellucida, in parte posteriore disposita. 

Head not distinct. Body fleshy, semicylindrical, the sides 
deeply grooved. é 

Shell unguiform, thin, transparent, covering the hind part of 
the animal. 

Sormetus Adansonii, Blainv. 


Genus 17. Puiting, Ascanias. (Animal, pl. cxix. f. 13. 
Shell, sp. 133-139. pl. cxxv. f. 159-166.) 

Corpus ovato-elongatum, convexiusculum. Caput elongatum, 
tentaculis oculisque nullis. Pes lobis lateralibus, margine crassius- 
culis, vix sursum reflexis. 

Testa occulta, in pallio supra branchia inclusa, tenuissima, uno 
latere partim et spiraliter convoluta, columella spiraque destituta ; 
apertura amplissima, superné dilatato-patula. 

Body ovate-oblong, rather convex. Head elongated, without eyes 
or tentacles. Foot with the lateral lobes slightly thickened and 
reflected at the margin. 

Shell concealed in the mantle, thin, somewhat volute on one 
side, destitute of distinct spire or columella; aperture large 
and. wide. 

Phylina, Lamarck. Phyline, Gray. Lobaria, Miller. Budllea, 
Lamarck. <Amydala, Planc. Philine, Lovén. 


561 


Genus 18. Cretrponura, Adams. (Animal, pl. cxix. f. 16. 
Shell, sp. 140. pl. cxxv. f. 167, 168.) 


Caput fasciculis tribus sericibus anticé ornatum, posticé in lobo 
simplici lanceolato desinente ; oculi? Pallium in filamentis longis 
duobus posticé productum. Pes amplus, anticé lateribus acumi- 
natis, posticé rotundatus. 

Testa interna, minima, fragilis, tota aperta, margine dextro plano, 
alato, posticé acuto. 

Head with three small tufts of short silk in front, posteriorly 
not bifurcated, but terminated by a single lanceolate tongue, 
which is extended on the back. Mantle ending behind in two 
long filaments like the tail of a swallow. Foot elevated on each 
side, embracing the head and mantle, poimted at the sides in 
front, rounded behind. Gill behind, on the right side. 

Shell hid in the thickness of the mantle, small, thin, very open, 
scarcely spiral, with the right border ending in a point. 

M. Quoy observes that it swims by the aid of its mantle, 
which was the case with a beautiful species obtained by me, also 
in the Mauritius, but which became so mutilated as to afford but 
the information that the species belonged to this genus, and was 
distinct from C. hirundinima. The individual alluded to by 
M. Quoy, which “had the back crossed with white, and all the 
blue lines bordered with a line of gold,’ was probably a third 
species. 


Genus 19. Doriprum. (Animal, pl. cxix. f. 14.) 


Caput ovato-oblongum, anticé retusum. Corpus oblongum, 
posticé truncatum ; angulis productis, elongatis, dilatatis s. fili- 
formibus. Solea pedis im alam ovato-rotundam expansa, que 
anticé utrmque in lobulum carnosum minutum producta est. 

Testa nulla. 

Head ovately oblong, anteriorly retuse. Body oblong, pos- 
teriorly truncated, the angles produced, elongated, dilated, or 
filiform. Sides of the foot expanded into an ovately rounded 
wing, which is produced anteriorly and on both sides into a 
minute fleshy lobe. 

Shell none. 


Sp. 1. D. Mecxenit, Delle Chiaje, Mem. I. pp. 118, 133, 
t. x. f. 1,2. Acera Meckelii, Phedippi. Doridium membranaceum, 
Meckel. 


D. dorso alisque tuberculis lacteis ornatis. 


562 


Back and sides of the foot ornamented with milk-white tubercles 
Catania ; Panormi. 


Sp. 2. D. aphysieforme, Delle Chige, Mem. I. p. 190, t. xi. 
Coriaceum, Meck. Eidothea marmorata, Risso. Acera carnosa, 
Cuvier. 


D. corpore supra pallidé fusco, nigro-reticulato ; subtis atro- 
violaceo ; lateribus azureo s. viridi marmoratis. 

Body above pale fuscous, reticulated with black; beneath 
blackish violet; the sides marbled with azure or green. 


Naples. 


Genus 20. Gasreropreron, Mechel. (Animal, pl. cxix. 
f. 15.) 


Corpus ovatum, inferné alam, anticé velum gerit. Velum 

capitis 6 membrané triangulari parti anticee pedis superpositi 
formatur. Pes expansionem transversé ovatam, anticé et postice 
retusam, Vix emarginatam anticé, verd in parte mediand productam, 
format. Anus pone brachiam, porus genitalis ante brachiam 
jacet. 
Body ovate, with a veil anteriorly, and a wing-like foot below. 
Veil of the head formed by a triangular membrane placed above 
the fore part of the foot. Foot forming a transversely ovate 
expansion, retuse anteriorly and posteriorly, slightly emarginate 
in front and produced in the middle. Anus behind, and genital 
pore before, the gills. 


Sp. G. Mecxe.u, Kosse, Dissert. de Pteropod. ord. Bl. Malac. 
pl. xlv. f. 5. Cho amati, Delle Chiaze. 


Genus 21. Aruas, Lesweur. (Animal, pl. exxix. f. 17.) 


Caput lobis parvis duobus tentacularibus. Corpus in partibus 
duabus divisum. Pes dilatatus, circularis, margine ciliato. 

Testa nulla. 

Head with two small tentacular lobes. Body divided into two 
parts by a narrow peduncle. Foot dilated circularly and ciliated 
at the margin. 

Shell none. 

Atlas Peronii, Blainv. 


568 


SPECIES OF THE GENUS BULLA. 
Sus-cenus Buia. 


1. Buta scapra (pl. exx. f. 1), Chemnitz, t. 146, f. 1352, 
1353, p. 118. 


B. test& ovatd, in dorso subcarinata, decussatim striata, scabra, 
alba, lineis roseis longitudinalibus insignita ; spiri parti elevata, 
obtusa ; columella sinuosi, reflexa. 

Ovate, decussately striated, rough, white, marked with longi- 
tudinal rose-red lines; spire obtuse, a little elevated ; columella 
sinuous, reflected. 

Japan. Mus. Cuming. 


2. Butta tineata (pl. cxx. f. 2). Bulla lineata, Wood, 
Ind. Test. Supp., pl. 3. B. undata, Brug. 


B. testa ovali, ventricosi, perforata, luteo-albi, leis roseis 
longitudinalibus et transversis insignita, transverse costati; costis 
levibus, planiusculis; interstitiis punctatis, punctis minoribus, 
transversis ; spiri elevati; apice acuto; anfractibus quatuor, 
rotundatis ; apertura ovali; labio posticé uniplicato, tortuoso, 
antice subtruncato. 

Shell oval, ventricose, umbilicated, yellowish-white, ornamented 
with undulated longitudinal and transverse red lines, transversely 
grooved, ribs smooth and flat, interstices punctured, punctures 
small, transverse; spire elevated; apex acute; whorls four, rounded ; 
aperture oval, inner lip posteriorly with a single fold, tortuous, 
anteriorly subtruncate. 

Australia. 


3. Butta Brueurert (pl. exx. f. 3), Adams. 


B. testa ovali, ventricosi, perforata, carmined, fascus duabus 
flavescenti-albis, lineis longitudinalibus, carmineis, undulatis, 
decussatis, transversé costaté; costis planiusculis, scabris ; inter- 
stitiis lineis elevatis, longitudinalibus; spiré prominuld; apice 
obtuso ; anfractibus tribus, rotundatis; aperturd angusté ovata, 
antice producti; labro acuto, inttis sulcato; labio posticé tenui, 
reflexo, anticé tortuoso. 

Shell oval, ventricose, perforated, pink, with two yellowish- 
white bands, crossed by longitudinal pink undulating lines, trans- 
versely ribbed ; ribs flat, rough ; interstices with elevated longi- 

4D 


564: 


tudinal lines; spire prominent; apex obtuse; whorls three, rounded; 
aperture narrowly ovate, anteriorly produced, outer lip acute, 
grooved internally, inner lip posteriorly thin, reflected, adnate, 
anteriorly twisted. 


Ceylon. Dr. Sibbald. Mus. Cuming. 


Susp-Genus APLUSTRUM. 


4, Butta Tuaxasstarcni (pl. exx. f. 4, 5, 6), Martini, 
Chemn. x. f. 146, £1350, 1551. Aplustrum fasciatum, Schum. 
Bulla amplustre, Linn. Aplustra pulchella, Swaims. Bulla 
aplustre, Lamarck, vol. vi. p. 35. 


B. test& ovata, subcylindrica, pellucida, nitida, fasciis albis et 
rubicundis seu incarnatis ac lneis nigricantibus adnatis cincta ; 
columelle labio reflexo; spird obtusa. 

Shell ovate, subcylindrical, pellucid, shining, encircled with 
white and reddish or flesh-coloured bands, and adnate blackish 
lines; columellar lip reflexed; spire obtuse. 

Mauritius ; in mud at the mouths of rivers. Jus. Cuming. 


5. Butta Goutprt (pl. exx. £7), Couthoy, Bost. Journ. 
Nat. Hist. u. p. 182, pl. 4. f. 6. 


B. test& parva, ovata, convoluta, fragil, alba, nitida, subopaca, 
epidermide membranaced olivaced tecté, transversim tenué striata ; 
spiri depressi, discoided, imperforata, interdum prominulé, an- 
fractibus quatuor, superné rotundatis, suturis impressis ; apertura 
supra angustd, versus basin dilatataé ; columelldé arcuata, alba, 
nitidd, imperforata. 

Shell small, ovate, convoluted, fragile, white, shining, sub- 
opake, covered with an olive membranous epidermis, transversely 
finely striated; spire depressed, discoid, imperforate, sometimes 
rather prominent, whorls four, rounded above, sutures impressed ; 
aperture narrow above, dilated towards the base ; columella arched, 
white, shining, imperforate. 

Massachusetts Bay, U.S. 


6. Busta pepitis (pl. cxx. f. 8), Gould, Silliman’s Journ. 
xxxvil. 196, 


B. testa oblique ovati, parva, pellucida, corned, inflata, levi, 
subumbilicata ; spird distincté, plana, anfractibus quatuor; colu- 
mellé subrecta, anticé abrupte truncatd; apertura ampla, antice 
dilatata. 


565 


Shell obliquely ovate, small, pellucid, horny, inflated, smooth, 
subumbilicated ; spire distinct, flattened, whorls four; columella 
rather straight, anteriorly abruptly truncated; aperture white, 
dilated anteriorly. 

North America. Mus. Cuming. 


Sus-cenus Hyparra. 


7. Buxta puysis (pl. cxx. f. 9-11), Linn., Martin, t. 21. 
f. 196, 197. Hydatina filosa, Schum. 


B. animale fusco-rubro, margine pedis et appendicibus smarag- 
dino-cyaneis. 

B. testé rotundato-ovata, perforaté, tenui, subpellucida, levi, 
albida, lineolis fuscis transversis undulatis picta ; spira retusa. 

Animal of a clear red-brown, edge of foot and appendages of 
an emerald blue. 

Shell rotundately oval, umbilicated, thin, semipellucid, smooth, 
whitish, painted with transverse waved fuscous lines ; spire retuse ; 
length 15 lines, breadth 11 lines. 

Mauritius ; on clear sand. Mus. Cuming. 


8. Butta vexittum (pl. exx. f. 12, 13, 14), Chemn., Conch. 
x. t. 146. f. 1848, 1349. B. fasciata, Brug. B. velum, Gm. 
B. amplustre, Born. 


B. testé subglobosd, tenuwi, subpellucida, albido-cinerascente, 
fasciis fuscis transversim picta, striis longitudinalibus tenuissimis. 
Shell subglobose, thin, semipellucid, ashy white, painted with 
transverse fuscous bands, with very fine longitudinal strie. 
Ceylon. Dr. Sibbald. Mus. Cuming. 


9. Buta niriputa (pl. exx. f. 15, 16), Lister, Hist. Conch. 
t. 715. £74. Ferussacii, Quoy, Voy. de PUranie, Zool. pl. 66. 
f. 10-12. 


B. test& ovali, imperforata, alba, nitida, lineis tribus, transversis, 
rufo-fuscis, ineisque longitudinalibus, rufo-fuscis, undulatis pictd, 
transverse striata, striis subdistantibus, punctatis ; spud prominula ; 
apice obtuso; aperturd ampla, posticé angustati, anticé valdé 
dilataté ; labio arcuato, anticé rotundato. 

Shell ovate, imperforate, white, shining, with three transverse 
reddish-brown lines, and numerous undulating red-brown longi- 
tudinal lines; transversely striated, striae rather wide apart, 
punctated ; spire rather prominent ; apex obtuse ; aperture wide, 

4p 2 


566 


posteriorly narrowed, anteriorly greatly dilated, inner lip arched, 
rounded anteriorly. 

St. Vincent’s, West Indies, Guild. Mus. Cuming. 

Animal covered with a network of red-brown lines. 


10. Butia axpo-crnora (pl. cxx. f. 17, 18), Hoeven, 
Leyden Journ. Nat. Hist. d. 6. st. 4. p. 10. 


B. test& subglobosi, tenui, subpellucida, fusco-cinerascente, 
fascus tribus, latis, albis, transversim picti, striis fuscis, longi- 
tudinalibus, obliquis. 

Shell subglobose, thin, semipellucid, ashy, fuscous, with three 
broad, white, transverse bands, and numerous oblique brown strive. 

China. Mus. Cuming. 


Susp-cenus ‘ToRNATINA. 


11. Butxa voxura (pl. exxi. f. 24), Quoy, Voy. de l Astro- 
labe, pl. 26. f. 33-35. 


B. test elongaté, minima, levi, cylindricd, alb’; spira promi- 
nente ; apice acuto ; suturis latis, profundis. 

Shell elongated, small, smooth, cylindrical, white ; spire pro- 
minent ; apex acute ; suture of the whorls wide and deep. 

Island of Guam. Mus. Cuming. 


12. Butta canaricunata (pl. cxxi. f. 25). Bullina canali- 
culata, Say, Amer. Conch. pl. 39. Volvaria canaliculata, Say. 


B. testi cylindricé, alba, nitidd, lineis incrementi evanidis ; 
spira elevatiusculd ; apice prominente ; anfractibus quinque, sulco 
rotundato preeditis; labro anticé arcuato; columellé plicd und 
obliqua ad basin. 

Shell cylindrical, white, shining, with evanescent lines of growth ; 
spire rather elevated; apex prominent; whorls five, furnished 
with a rounded groove ; outer lip anteriorly arcuated ; columella 
with a single oblique fold at the base. 


Carola, U.S. Mus. Metcalfe. 


13. Butta mamuriiata (pl. cxxi. f. 26), Philippi, Enum. 
Moll. Sicil. vol. i. t. vi. f. 20. 


B. testé minuti, cylindricé, longitudinaliter substriaté ; vertice 
truncato ; medio papillato; spird conspicud, truncata, anfractibus 
tribus, quorum primus papillam elevatam sistit ; apertura superné 


567 


angusta, lineari, inferné valdé dilataté ; plicd ad basin columellee 
vix distincta. 

Shell minute, cylindrical, longitudinally substriated; apex 
truncated, papillary in the middle ; spire conspicuous, truncated, 
whorls three, the first of which consists of an elevated papilla ; 
aperture narrow and linear above, dilated below ; columella with 
an indistinct plait at the base. 

Sicily. Exmouth, England. Mus. Cuming. 


14. Butta truncata (pl. exxi. f. 27), Adams, Linn. Trans. 
v.1. Montag. t. vi. f. 5. B. semisulcata, Phidippr. 


B. testé minuta, cylindrica, basi vix dilataté, superné longi- 
tudinaliter sulcaté, sulcis mferné evanidis ; vertice truncato, 
concavo ; spiré manifesta, anfractibus 3-4 ; aperturd angusté 
lineari, inferné dilatata ; plici ad basin columelle partim manifesta. 

Shell minute, cylindrical, a little dilated at the base, above 
longitudinally grooved, grooves obsolete below; apex truncated, 
concave ; spire visible, whorls 3-4; aperture narrowly linear, 
dilated inferiorly ; a faint indication of a plait at the base of the 
columella. 

Frequent in Sicily. British Islands. Mus. Cuming. 


15. Buia Turrita (pl. cxxi. f. 28), Moll, Ind. Moll. 
Greenland., p. 79. 


B. testa mmuta, cylindrica, alba ; spira producti ; apice acuto ; 
vind umbilicali angusté ; anfractibus 34, long. 1:5. 

Shell minute, cylindrical, white; spire produced ; apex acute ; 
umbilical fissure narrow ; whorls 33, length 1:5. 


Greenland. Mus. Brit. 


16. Butta opstricra (pl. exxi. f. 29), Gould, Silliman’s 
Journ. xxxvill. 196. 


B. testa ovato-cylindnica, alba, subleevi, longitudinaliter sulcata ; 
spiri. subelevata, anfractibus quatuor, anfractu ultimo in medio 
obstricto; columellé uniplicaté; apertura angusta, lineari, in 
medio coarctata, inferné dilatata. 

Shell ovately cylindrical, white, rather smooth, longitudinally 
grooved ; spire somewhat elevated, whorls four, the last whorl 
contracted in the middle; columella with a single plait ; aperture 
narrow, linear, contracted in the middle, dilated inferiorly. 

United States : Massachusetts. 


568 
17. Buta pusiia (pl. exxi. f. 30), Pfeiffer. 


B. testa parva, alba, brevi, subfusiformi; spird subacuminata, 
anfractibus tribus, ultimo magno, papilloso; apertura angusta, 
labio anticé valde plicato, labio subrecto; rim& umbilicari sub- 
aperti. 

Shell small, white, short, subfusiform ; spire subacuminated, 
whorls three, the last large and papillary ; aperture narrow ; colu- 
mella with a very strong anterior fold ; outer lip rather straight ; 
umbilical fissure rather wide. Mus. Hanley. 


18. Butta coarcrata (pl. exxi. f. 31), Adams. 


B. testa ovato-cylindricé, in medio subangustati, alba, mitida, 
strus spiralibus, confertis, tenuissimis, undulosis sculpté; spird 
subdepressé, anfractibus quatuor, suturaé profundé canaliculata, 
lamind spirali é callo columellari cincti ; apertura angusta, in medio 
coarctati, infra dilataté ; columella callosd, plicd evanidé; labio 
externo, supra rotundato, in medio subinfiexo. 

Shell ovately cylindrical, somewhat narrowed in the middle, 
white, shining, engraved with very fine close spiral lines; spire 
somewhat depressed, whorls four, suture deeply channelled, en- 
circled with a spiral lamina from the columellar callus; aperture 
narrow, contracted in the middle, inferiorly dilated; columella 
callous, with an obsolete fold ; outer lip rounded above, subinflexed 
in the middle. 

Island of Ficao; coral sands, 6 fathoms, H.C. Mus. Cuming. 


19. Butta pLaNosprra (pl. exxi. f. 32), Adams. 


B. testa cylindricd, apice truncata, alba, levi, subpellucida, 
longitudinaliter suleata ; spira depressa, plana, anfractibus quatuor, 
sulcatis, radiatim striatis ; aperturd angusta, anticé dilatata ; colu- 
melld callos&, uniplicata. 

Shell cylindrical, apex truncated, white, smooth, subpellucid, 
longitudinally grooved ; spire depressed, level-topped, whorls four, 
grooved, radiately striated ; aperture narrow, anteriorly dilated ; 
columella callous, with a single plait. 

Sorsagon, Island of Luzon, 4 fathoms, coarse sand. Cuming. 


20. Buiia BIPLex (pl. cxxi. f. 33), Adams. 


B. testa cylindrica, apice subtruncata, alba, solida, nitida, trans- 


569 


versim striata; spiri depressi, anfractibus quatuor; apertura 
lineari, in medio coarctata, anticé dilatatd ; labro posticé producto, 
pariim recedente, in medio inflexo, anticé tuberculo unico ; colu- 
mellé uniplicata. 

Shell cylindrical, apex subtruncated, white, solid, shiming, trans- 
versely striated; spire depressed, whorls four; aperture linear, 
contracted in the middle, anteriorly dilated ; outer lip posteriorly 
produced, a little receding, reflexed in the middle, anteriorly 
with a single strong tubercle ; columella with a single plait. 

China Sea. Mus. Cuming. 


21. Butta oxrvoeta (pl. exxi. f. 384), Adams. 


B. testa cylindrico-fusiformi, solidd, alba, nitida, striis punctato- 
undulatis, spiralibus, transversim sculpta ; spird elevato-acuminata, 
anfractibus quinque, suturd angusta, lamina spirali vix manifesta ; 
aperturd lineari, anticé dilatata, labro in medio subinflexo ; colu- 
mell& arcuata, ad basin valdé uniplicata. 

Shell cylindrical, fusiform, solid, white, shining, transversely 
engraved with punctated undulating spiral striz; whorls five, 
suture narrow, spiral lamina hardly visible ; aperture linear, 
dilated anteriorly, outer lp somewhat inflexed in the middle ; 
columella arched, with a single strong plait at the base. 

West Indies. dus. Cuming. 


22. Buxta crnorenya (pl. exxi. f. 35), Adams. 


B. testa cylindrico-fusiformi, apice acuminata, sublevi, semi- 
pellucida, longitudinaliter suleata, fasciis duabus, albis, spiralibus 
cincti; spira acuminata, anfractibus quatuor, primo prominente ; 
apertura angusta, antice dilataté ; columella plicd valdé distincta ; 
rimé umbilicali profunda. 

Shell cylindrically fusiform, apex acuminated, rather smooth, 
semipellucid, longitudinally sulcated, encircled with two white 
spiral bands; spire acuminated, whorls four, the first prominent ; 
aperture narrow, anteriorly dilated ; columella with a very distinct 
plait ; umbilical fissure deep. 

China Sea. Mus. Cuming. 


23. Bua GRAcILIs (pl. cxxi. f. 86), Adams. 


B. testé cylindrico-fusiformi, gracili, semipellucida, corned, 
vertice acuminata, transversim striis minutissimis  spiralibus 
sculpta ; spira producta, acuminata, anfractibus quatuor, primo 


570 


prominente ; apertura angustdé, anticé dilatati; columella um- 
plicata. 

Shell cylindrically fusiform, slender, semipellucid, horn-coloured, 
apex acuminated, transversely engraved with very fine spiral striee ; 
spire produced, pointed, whorls four, the first prominent; aper- 
ture narrow, dilated anteriorly ; columella with a single plait. 

China Sea. Mus. Cuming. 


24, Buiia FustFormis (pl. cxxi. f. 37), Addams. Tornatella 
bullata, Kiener, Monograph. 


B. testa cylindrico-fusiformi, alba, levi, subpellucidd, longi- 
tudinaliter subsulcata ; spird eclevaté, acuminata, anfractibus 
quinque, supra subcanaliculatis; apertura linearl, in medio 
coarctaté, anticé dilataté; columellié semiplicaté, plicd callosa ; 
labro in medio inflexo. 

Shell cylindrically fusiform, white, smooth, semipellucid, longi- 
tudinally somewhat sulcated; spire elevated, acuminate, whorls 
five, somewhat channelled above; aperture linear, contracted in 
the middle, dilated anteriorly ; columella slightly plicated, plait 
callous, outer lip reflexed in the middle. 

China Sea. Mus. Cuming. 


25. Buia stmpiex (pl. exxi. f. 38), Adams. 


B. testa ovato-cylindrica, alba, nitida, solida, lavissima, epider- 
mide fusci tecté; spiri elevati, anfractibus quinque, ultimo 
mammillato ; lamind spirali conspicud ; apertura angusta, anticé 
dilatataé ; columella vix callos4, plici evanida. 

Shell ovately cylindrical, white, shining, polished, smooth, 
covered with a fuscous epidermis; spire elevated, whorls five, the 
first one mammillated; spiral lamina conspicuous; aperture 
narrow, dilated anteriorly; columella slightly callous, plait 
obsolete. 

Cagayan, Island of Mindanao, 35 fathoms; sandy mud. Cuming. 


26. Buta porita (pl. exxi. f. 39), Adams. 


B. test’ ovato-cylindricé, superné rotundati, apice truncata, 
alba, solida, nitidé, inferné transversim striata; spird depressa, 
anfractibus tribus, rotundatis, levibus; aperturé angusti, posticé 
producti, in medio subcoarctata, anticé dilatata, labro in medio 
subinflexo, incrassato ; columella plicd valde distincta. 


571 


Shell ovately cylindrical, rounded above; apex truncated, white, 
solid, shining, inferiorly transversely striated; spire depressed, 
whorls three, rounded, smooth ; aperture narrow, posteriorly pro- 
duced, rather contracted in the middle, dilated anteriorly, outer 
lip rather bent in and thickened in the middle; columella with 
the fold very distinct. 

Bay of Manilla; clayey mud, three fathoms. Cuming. 


Sus-cenus Urricuwus. 


27. Butta PERTENUIS (pl. cxx. f. 19), Wighels, Bost. Journ. 
Nat. Hist. vol. u. p. 846. pl. xvi. f. 3. 


B. testé minutia, cylindraced, albida, fragili, hyalina; spira ele- 
vata, discoided, anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis, sutura distincta ; 
labro superné recto, infra rotundato ; apertura superné angustata, 
infra lata. 

Shell small, cylindrical, whitish, fragile, hyaline ; spire elevated, 
discoidal, whorls four, rounded, suture distinct; outer lip straight 
superiorly, rounded inferiorly ; aperture narrow above, wide 
below. 

Casco Bay, U.S. Mus. Cuming. 


28. Burta optusa (pl. cxx. f. 20), Zurt., Walk. Test. min. 
tO; 


B. test& subcylindricé, opaci, alba, longitudinaliter rugoso- 
striaté; spiri distincté, elevatiuscula, anfractibus quatuor vel 
quinque ; apertura angusta, in medio coarctati, anticé dilatata ; 
columella simplici, subincrassata. 

Shell subcylindrical, opake, white, longitudinally roughly stri- 
ated ; spire distinct, rather elevated, whorls four or five ; aperture 
narrow, contracted in the middle, anteriorly dilated; columella 
simple, rather thickened. 

British Islands. Mus. Cuming. 


29. Butta petLucrpa (pl. cxx. f. 21), Brown. B. candida, 
Macgill. 


B. testé oblique ovata, parva, pellucidd, inflata, levi, subum- 
bilicaté ; spird distincta, plana, anfractibus tribus, primo mammil- 
lato; apertura ampla, posticé coarctaté, anticé dilatata. 

Shell obliquely ovate, small, pellucid, inflated, smooth, subum- 
bilicated; spire distinct, flat, whorls three, the first mammillated 
aperture wide, posteriorly contracted, anteriorly dilated. 

British Islands. Mus. Cuming. 

4k 


572 


30. Butia Croriin (pl. exx. f. 22), Philippi. 


B. testa ovato-cylindrici, levi, tenui, epidermide olivaced tecti, 
longitudinaliter substriaté; spira distincta, elevatiusculd, anfrac- 
tibus quinque, suturd corrugata; aperturad angusti, antice valdé 
dilatataé ; columella arcuata, simplici. 

Shell ovately cylindrical, thin, smooth, covered with an oliva- 
ceous epidermis, longitudinally substriated; spire distinct, rather 
elevated, whorls five, suture corrugated; aperture narrow, an- 
teriorly widely dilated ; columella arched, simple. 

Mexico. Mus. Hanley. 


31. Butta Bornegnsis (pl. xx. f. 23), Adams. 


B. testi ovato-cylindricé, levi, subpellucidd, albi, epidermide 
ferrugined tectd, longitudinaliter striata’; spird distinctd, plana, 
anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis, primo mammillato; apertura an- 
gusta, anticé dilatatéi; columella long’, semitortuosi; umbilico 
nullo. 

A much smaller shell than B. Cecii/ii. It is narrower, more 
cylindrical; the aperture is more produced anteriorly ; the colu- 
mella is longer and straighter, and the spire is more depressed. 
The mud flats at the mouths of many of the rivers of Borneo are 
partially covered at low water with this animal; the shell is 
always covered, when the animal is alive, with a rust-coloured epi- 
dermis. 

Borneo. Adams. 


Sus-Genus AKERA. 


32. Butta sotura (pl. exxi. f. 40), Chemnitz, Mart. Hist. 
Conch. x. t. 46. f. 1859-61. Ceylanica, Brug. Ene. Méth. vol. i. 
p- 376. B.resiliens, Don.  B. flexilis, Brown. 


B. testé subcylindricd, longitudinaliter striataé, corned, dia- 
phand; suturis canaliculatis ; labro anticé fisso. 

Shell subcylindrical, longitudinally striated, horny, diaphanous; 
sutures channelled, outer lip anteriorly smmuated as if cut off. 

Zanzibar. T. Thorne, Esq. Sandy mud; Philippines. Cuming. 


33. Butta Buttata (pl. exxi. f. 41), Akera bullata, Miler, 
Zool. Dan. p. 242. Icon. tom. ii. t. 71. f. 1-5. B. fragilis, Lamare/-. 
A. Akera, Gm. B. norvegica, Brug. B. soluta parva, Ch. 

B. testa subovata, pellucida, levi, corned ; labro superné soluto; 
spira truncata. 


573 


Shell subovate, pellucid, smooth, horny; outer lip superiorly 
separated from the last whorl; spire truncate. 


West of Ireland. Mus. Cuming. 


34. Butta supaneutata (pl. exxi. f. 43), Moller, Ind. Moll. 
Greenl. p. 79. 


B. testa ovata, ventricosd, subumbilicata, fragilissimé, luted, in 
medio anfractu subangulata ; spira depressd, planiusculd, suturd 
profunda, anfractibus 34, long. 2°3. 

Shell ovate, ventricose, subumbilicated, very fragile, yellow, 
subangulated in the middle; spire depressed, rather flat, suture 
deep. 

Greenland. Mus. Cuming. 


35. Butta sicrnota (pl. exxi. f.44), Quoy et Gaimard, 
Voy. de l’Astr. pl. 26. f. 31, 32. 


B. testa ovato-oblong4, tenuissima, fragili, alba’, duabus vittis 
rufulis cincta, striis longitudinalibus et transversis; suturé fissi ; 
long. 1 poll., lat. 8 lin. 

Shell ovately oblong, very thin, fragile, white, encircled by 
two reddish bands, longitudinally and _ transversely striated ; 
suture fissured; length 1 in., width 8 lin. 


New Holland; Princess Royal Harbour, Port Saint George. 


36. Buria renuis (pl. exxi. f. 45), Adams. 


B. testé subcylindricd, gracili, anticé producta, cornea, dia- 
phand, longitudinaliter striata; spira elevatiuscula. 

Shell subcylindrical, slender, anteriorly produced, horny, dia- 
phanous, longitudinally striated ; spire rather elevated. 

Rain’s Island, Torres Straits. Capt. Ince, R. N. Mus. Cuming. 


37. Butta Hanteyi (pl. exxi. f. 46), Adams. 


B. testa minuté, ovali, hyalina, corned, levi, longitudinaliter 
tenuissimé substriaté; spira depressa, plana. 

Shell minute, oval, hyaline, horny, smooth, longitudinally very 
finely substriated ; spire depressed, flattened. 

Zetland ; dredged by Mr. Me Andrew. Mus. Cuming. 


37 a. Butta tumipa (pl. exxv. f. 169), Adams. 


B. testa cornea, fragili, ovato-cylindraced, spird subplanata, 
4E2 


574 


semipellucida, in medio tumidi, et prope labium gibbosula, fascié 
pallida fuscé vix conspicud ornata, transversim crebriter striata, 
longitudinaliter subplicata ; apertura anticé valdé dilatata. 

Shell horny, fragile, ovately cylindrical, spire rather flattened, 
semipellucid, tumid in the middle, and rather gibbous near the 
inner lip, encircled with a faint scarcely conspicuous fuscous band, 
transversely very finely striated, longitudinally somewhat plicated ; 
aperture anteriorly very much dilated. 

Shores of New Zealand; mud. 


SuB-GENUS SCAPHANDER. 


38. Buiua Licnarta (pl. cxxi. f. 47), Lian., Gm. p. 3425. 


B. testa oblonga, laxé convoluté, versus spiram attenuata, 
transversim striata, pallidé fulva; spiré truncata, umbilicata. 
Shell oblong, loosely convolute, attenuated towards the spire, 
transversely striated, pale fulvous ; spire truncated, umbilicated. 
Sicily ; Saleomb river, England. Mus. Cuming. 


39. Butta vesrita (pl. cxxi. f. 48), Philippi, En. Moll. 
Sicil., vol. 11. p. 95. t. 20. f 4. 


B. testa oblonga, laxé convoluté, versus spiram attenuata, striis 
transversis destituta, fuscd, reticulo albo obtecta; spird truncata, 
umbilicata. 

Shell oblong, loosely convolute, attenuated towards the spire, 
destitute of transverse strize, fuscous, covered with a white net- 
work ; spire truncated, umbilicated. 

Sicily. 


40. Butta tinnoara (pl. exxi. f. 49), Couthouy, Bost. 
Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 1. p. 179, pl. 3. f. 15. 


B. test& parvuld, oblongo-ovata, epidermide ferrugined tecta, 
transversin oblique frequenterque striaté; spird prominula ; aper- 
turi magna, ad basin valdé dilataté et subeffusd ; columella 
oblique subplicata. 

Shell small, oblong-ovate, covered with a ferruginous. epidermis, 
transversely, obliquely, and closely striated; spire rather promi- 
nent ; aperture wide, greatly dilated at the base ; columella 
obliquely subplicated. 

Massachusetts Bay. Mus. Cuming. 


575 


41. Buia puncro-srriata (pl. cxxi. f. 50), Maghels, Bost. 
Journ. Nat. Hist. vol. v. p. 43. pl. 4. f. 10. 


B. testa alba, solidd, ovaté, eleganter striaté ; stris crebris 
ineequidistantibus punctatis ; spi occult’; aperturd magna, 
superné angustd; labro acuto, arcuato ; long. =; poll., lat. 3; poll. 

Shell white, solid, ovate, elegantly striated ; striae waved, punc- 
tated, at unequal distances; spire concealed ; aperture wide, nar- 
rowed above; outer lip acute, arcuated. Differs from B. Lineolata, 
Couth., in its larger size, outer lip being elevated above the apex 
and by the punctate striz. 

Casco Bay, Massachusetts. Mus. Cuming. 


42. Butia prectinata (pl. exxi. f. 51), Mill, Zool. Dan. 
vol. u. p. 41. t. 71. f..10. Scaphander catenatus, Leach. B. 
denticulata, dd. B. angustata, Bivon. Phil. 


B. testa parva, elongato-ovali, posticé angustata, alba, lineis 
transversis distinctis punctatis ; apertura postice coarctata, anticé 
dilatata ; labro anticé valdé pectinata. 

Shell small, elongately oval, posteriorly narrowed, white, with 
distinct transverse punctate lines; aperture posteriorly contracted, 
anteriorly dilated; outer lip anteriorly strongly pectinated. 

Britain; Denmark. Mus. Cuming. 


Sus-cenus Buta. 


43. B. amputua (pl. exxu. f. 59-62), Linn., Gm. p. 3424, 
no. 10. 


B. animale bipollicari, flavo-fusco, rufo-fusco marmorato ; oculis 
nigris, annulo tenui albido cinctis. 

B. testi ovato-subglobosa, inflata, solidi, fusco et rufo-fusco 
varie picta (interdum obsoleté 4-fasciatd) ; labro non inflexo. 

Animal two iches in length, yellowish fuscous, marbled with 
red-brown ; eyes black, surrounded with a whitish ring. 

Shell ovately somewhat globose, inflated, variously painted, 
sometimes obsoletely four-banded ; outer lip not inflected ; apex 
wnbilicated. 

Philppines, Island of Zebu; sandy mud at mouths of rivers. 
Cuming. Mus. Cuming. 


44, Butta Amyepawus (pl. exxu. f. 63), Lister, Hist. Conch. 
t. 714. f. 72. B. striata, Brug., Kne. Méth. vol. i. p. 372. 


B, testa oblong’, opacd, mnferne et superné transversim striata, 


576 


versus spiram angustata, vertice profundé umbilicata, pallidé rufa, 
fusco alboque variegata, aut virescente-olivaced. 

Shell ovately oblong, opake, inferiorly and superiorly trans- 
versely striated, narrowed towards the spire, apex deeply umbili- 
cated, variegated with white and fuscous or greenish olive. 

Gulf of Mexico; West Indies. dus. Cuming. 


45. Buiua austratis (pl. exxi. f. 64-66), Quoy et Gaim., 
Voy. de l’Astr. pl. 26. f. 38, 39. 


B. testé elongato-cylindraced, varié picti ; apice tenuissimé 
perforato ; labro recto. 

Shell elongately cylmdrical, variously painted ; apex very finely 
perforated ; outer lip straight. 

Tahiti; on the reefs. Cuming. 


46. Butta Apansonti (pl. exxin. f. 69), Philippi, Zeitschr. 
fiir Malak. 1847. p. 121. “ Gosson,” Adanson. Bulla striata, 
Auct. ex parte. 


B. testa ovato-oblonga, solida, albida, griseo et nigro varia, in- 
feritis striata ; vertice perforato ; apertura inferius dilatata, supe- 
rius angustatd ; labro medio depresso, rectilineo, alt. 11, tab. 6+. 

Shell ovately oblong, solid, whitish varied with grey and black, 
inferiorly striated; apex perforated ; aperture inferiorly dilated, 
superiorly narrowed ; outer lip depressed and rectilinear in the 
middle. 

Senegambia. 


47. Butta mepta (pl. exxin. f. 70), Philippi, Zeitschr. fiir 
Malak. 1847. p. 121. B. striata, Auct. ex parte. 


B. test& ovata, solid, albida, rufo et fusco varid, modo inferiis 
transversim striata; vertice umbilicato ; apertura inferits dilatata, 
superits subangustatd; labro medio depresso, rectilineo. 

Shell ovate, solid, whitish varied with red-brown and red, only 
transversely striated inferiorly ; apex umbilicated; aperture infe- 
riorly dilated, superiorly somewhat narrowed ; outer hip depressed 
and rectilinear in the middle. 

West Indies. 


48. Butta Quoyii (pl. cxxui. f. 71), Gray, MS. Brit. Mus. 


B. testA ovaté, ventricosa, sublevigata, vertice profunde umbi- 
licati, fusco alboque variegata ; labro acuto, arcuato. 


577 


Shell ovate, ventricose, rather light and thin ; apex umbilicated, 
variegated with white and fuscous; outer lip acute, arcuated. 

Gallipagos Islands; coral sand, 6-8 fathoms. Cuming. Mus. 
Cuming. 


49. Buia occrpentatis (pl. exxii. f. 72, 73), Adams. 


B. test ovato-oblong4, opaca, solida, pallidé rufescente, maculis 
lineisque undulatis rufis variegatad, antice transversim striata. 
Shell ovately oblong, opake, solid, pale reddish, variegated with 
red-brown spots and waved lines, anteriorly transversely striated. 
West Indies, St. Vincent’s; Guilding. Mus. Cuming. 


50. Buiia optonea (pl. exxii. f. 74), Adams. 


B. test& ovato-oblongd, utrinque attenuata, longitudinaliter 
substriata, striis minutissimis transversis, fusco et rufo-fusco varié 
picta ; labro arcuato. 

Shell ovately oblong, narrowed at both ends, longitudinally 
substriated, with very fine transverse strize, variously painted with 
brown and red-brown; outer lip regularly arcuated. 

Philippines, and Island of Aunaa; onthe reefs. Cuming. 


51. Buria cruuntata (pl. exxvi. f. 75), Adams. 


B. ovato-globosa, inflata, solidi, opaci, maculis sanguineis albo- 
punctatis variegati, ints albida. 

Shell ovately globose, inflated, solid, opake, variegated with 
blood-red spots punctated with white, white internally. 

Moluccas. Cuming. 


52. Butta RuFOLABRIS (pl. exxii. f. 76), Adams. 


B. testa elongato-cylindraced, solid’, opacd, longitudinaliter 
sulcosi, rufescente, maculis cinereis albo-punctatis picti; labro 
subrecto, in medio inflexo, margine rufo. 

Shell elongately cylindrical, solid, opake, longitudinally 
grooved, reddish, painted with dark ash-coloured spots punctured 
with white ; outer lip rather straight, reflexed im the middle, 
margin of a red colour. 

Gallipagos Islands; fine coral sand, 6 fathoms. Cuming. 


53. Butta puncrata (pl. exxi. f. 77), Adams. 


B. testa ovato-oblonga, solidd, opaci, nitida, pallidé rufescente, 


578 


maculis nigris albo-punctatis pict, fasciis duabus pallidé brunneis 
cincta; labro subrecto arcuato. 

Shell ovately oblong, solid, opake, shimimg, pale reddish, 
painted with black and white punctated spots, encircled with two 
pale brown bands; outer lip rather straight, arcuated. 

Panama ; sandy mud, 10 fathoms. Cuming. 


54, Buxia aspersa (pl. exxin. f. 78), Adams. 


B. testi ovato-oblongaé, anticé angustati, solida, opaci, longitu- 
dinaliter substriata, striis minutissimis undulatis confertis, maculis 
albo-punctatis picta ; labro subrecto, angulo ejus supero producto ; 
labio incrassato, inttis albo. 

Shell oblong-ovate, narrowed anteriorly, solid, opake, longitu- 
dinally substriated, with numerous very fine stric, painted with 
white punctured spots; outer lip rather straight, its upper angle 
produced ; inner hp thickened, white internally. 

Payta, Peru; fine black sand, 6-8 fathoms. Cuming. 


55. Butta neButosa (pl. cxxi. f. 79, 80), Gould, Nar. 
Un. States Surv. Exp. 


B. ovato-globosa, inflata, leevigataé, opacd, versus spiram suban- 
gustati, cinerascente, maculis guttatis albo-cinereis pict, intts 
cinerea, iridescente. 

Shell ovately globose, inflated, hight, rather thin, opake, some- 
what narrowed towards the spire, painted with ashy drop-like spots 
punctated with white, internally ashy and iridescent. 

Guaymas, Gulf of California; m sand, 12 inches. Mus. 
Cuming. 


Sus-cenus HamInea. 


56. Butta uypatis (pl. exxiv. f. 81, 82), Lcnn., Gmel., 
p. 3424, no. 9. B. hyalina, Gme/. B. navicula, Da Costa. 
B. cornea, Lamarck. 


B. test& ovato-rotundata, tenui, pellucida, longitudinaliter sub- 
striata, corneo-flavescente ; lineolis transversis, exilissimis ; vertice 
umbilicato. 

Shell ovately rounded, thin, pellucid, longitudinally somewhat 
striated, yellowish horn-colour, with very fine transverse wavy 
lines ; apex umbilicated. 

Salcomb Bay, Devonshire. 


579 


57. Butia virescens (pl. exxiv. f. 83), Sowerby, Genera, 
no. xxxix. f. 2. 


B. test& subovali, aperta, virescente, semipellucida, versus spi- 
ram valdé angustatd, longitudinaliter substriaté, lineis transversis 
minutissimis (oculo nudo inconspicuis) ; aperturd ampli, anticé 
dilatat4, posticé coarctatd, labro superne producto, posticé inflexo. 

Shell suboval, open, greenish, semipellucid, greatly narrowed 
towards the spire, longitudinally substriated, with very minute 
transverse lines (not visible with the naked eye) ; aperture wide, 
anteriorly dilated, posteriorly contracted ; outer lip produced above, 
posteriorly inflexed. 

Pitcairn’s Island ; on rocks at low water. Cuming. 


58. Butta inscutpra (pl. exxiv. f. 84), Zodten, Silli- 
man’s Journ. xxvii. 350. fig. 4. B. solitaria, Say. 3B. Rein- 
hardi, Hold. 


B. testa albo-cerulescente, fragili ; anfractu ultimo amplo, lineis 
transversis minutis ; apice umbilicato. 

More oval than B. Aydatis, and of a peculiar bluish-white 
colour; the sculpture is the same. 

North America. Mus. Cuming. 


59. Butta oryza (pl. exxiv. f. 85), Zotten, Silliman’s 
Journ. xxvill. 350. f. 5. 


B. test4 minut, alba, nitidd, subovali; anfractu ultimo amplo, 
striis paucis transversis sculpto ; apice depresso, imperforato. 
Shell minute, white, shining, suboval; the last whorl large, 
with a few transverse striz ; apex depressed, imperforate. 
Massachusetts. 


60. Butia Nataensits (pl. exxiv. f. 86), Krauss, Sudatrik. 
Moll. p. 71. Tab. iv. f. 14. 


B. testa ovato-globosi, subventricosd, tenuissima, pellucida, 
nitida, flavo-virescente, longitudinaliter striaté; vertice subumbi- 
hcato ; apertura ampla, anticé dilatataé; margine externo arcuato, 
superné producto, rotundato. 

Shell ovately globose, subventricose, very thin, pellucid, shin- 
ing, yellowish-green, longitudinally striated, apex somewhat wn- 
bilicated ; aperture wide, anteriorly dilated ; outer margin arched, 
superiorly produced and rounded. Length 44, lat. 3°3 lines. 

Shores of Natal. Mus. Cuming. 

4 F 


580 


61. BouLia Guinprner (pl. exxiv. f. 87-89). Bulleea Guil- 
dingu, Swains., Malac. p. 251. f. 46. 


B. test& ovato-oblonga, subcylindraced, tenui, pellucida, corned, 
albo-rufescente, longitudinaliter substriaté, lineis transversis in- 
sculptis subdistantibus. 

Shell ovately oblong, subcylindrical, thin, pellucid, horny white 
or rufescent, longitudinally somewhat striated, with transverse 
engraved lines rather wide apart. 

Jamaica. Mr. Phil. Gosse. Mus. Cuming. 


62. Butta cymBaLum (pl. exxiv. f. 90), Quoy e¢ Gaim., 
Voy. de l’Ast. pl. 26. f. 26, 27. 


B. testa fragili, pellucida, globosa, levi, albi; apertura anticé 
laté, posticé angustata, margine dextro leviter inflecto ; apice 
retuso. Long. 7 lin., lat. 5 ln. 

Shell fragile, pellucid, globose, smooth, white ; aperture ante- 
riorly wide, posteriorly narrowed, outer margin slightly inflated ; 
apex blunt. Length 7 lines, breadth 5 lines. 

Smooth and polished, with faint longitudinal striz of growth. 

Island of Guam. Mus. Cuming. 


63. Butta pempuis (pl. exxiv. f. 91), Phelippi, Zeitschr. fiir 
Malak. 1847. p. 122. LB. Zealandie, Gray, MS. Mus. Brit. 


B. test& subgloboso-rotundata, tenwi, pellucidd, 6 rufescente 
albi, lineolis transversis exilissimis sculpt; vertice umbilicato ; 
apertura basi dilataté; labio arcte adnato. Alt. 7, diam. 53. 

Shell subglobosely rounded, thin, pellucid, reddish-white, en- 
graved with very fine transverse lines ; apex umbilicated ; aperture 
dilated at the base ; immer lip narrow, adnate. 

Red Sea. Mus. Cuming. 


64. Butta ELEGANS (pl. exxiv. f. 92), Gray, Wood, Ind. Test. 
Suppl. pl. 3. f. 2. B. perforata, Philippi, Zeitschr. fiir Malak. 
1847. p. 122. 


B. testa ovato-rotundata, tenui, pellucida, alba, lneolis trans- 
versis exilissimis sculpté ; vertice umbilicato ; apertura basi dila- 
tata ; labio fissuram umbilicalem formante. 

Shell ovately rounded, thin, pellucid, white, engraved with very 
fine transverse lines; apex umbilicated ; aperture dilated at the 
base ; inner lip forming an umbilical fissure. 

Manila. Cuming. 


581 


65. Buta Brevis (pl. exxiv. f. 93), Quoy et Gaim., Voy. 
de l’Astr. pl. 26. f. 36, 37. 


B. test’ minima, solidiusculd, cylindraced, extremitatibus trun- 
cata, albi, anticé striata. Long. 5 lin., lat. 3 lin. 

Shell small, rather solid, cylindrical, ends truncated, white, an- 
teriorly striated. Length 5 lines, width 3 lmes. 

Anterior extremity of shell transversely striated, with about 
twenty lines ; the rest of the shell is smooth, with the exception 
of the longitudinal lines of growth. 

New Holland, Port Saint George. Mus. Cuming. 


66. Butxa Fusca (pl. exxiv. f. 94), ddams. 


B. testa ovato-globosi, infra subventricos’, tenui, semiopaci, 
longitudinaliter obliqué striata, lineis transversis exilissimis, inttis 
fusca. 

Shell globosely ovate, inferiorly subventricose, thin, semiopake, 
longitudinally obliquely striated, with very fine transverse lines, 
internally fuscous. 

Cagayan, Island of Mindanao, 25 fathoms ; sandy mud. Cuming. 


67. Buxza constricta (pl. exxiv. f. 95), Adams. 


B. test&é ovato-oblonga, versus spiram angustata, impressione 
lineari constrict, anticé producti, tenui, pellucida, corned, sub- 
fusca, lineis transversis exilissimis, longitudinaliter substriata. 

Shell oblong, ovate, narrowed towards the spire, constricted 
with a linear impression, anteriorly produced, thin, pellucid, 
horny, subfuscous, with very fine transverse lines, longitudinally 
somewhat striated. 

Philippines. Sorsogon, Luzon ; sandy mud, at low water. 
Cuming. 


68. Butia eiapra (pl. cxxiv. f. 96), Adams. 


B. testé ovato-cylindraced, levi, solidiuscula, albi, nitida, ex- 
tremitatibus subtruncatis rotundatis, transversim tota striata, striis 
insculptis, subdistantibus ; aperturd antice dilatata. 

Shell ovately cylindrical, smooth, rather solid, white, shming, 
extremities subtruncated, rounded, entirely transversely striated, 
strie engraved, rather wide apart ; aperture anteriorly dilated. 

TTab. ? = Mus. Cuming. 


4F 2 


582 
69. Buia ampicua (pl. exxiv. f. 97), Adams. 


B. test& ovato-cylindraced, alba, pellucida, anticé attenuata, 
tota transverse striata, striis insculptis, distantibus; labro sub- 
arcuato. 

Shell ovately cylindrical, white, pellucid, anteriorly attenuated, 
entirely transversely striated, striz engraved, wide apart; outer 
lip somewhat arched. 

Port King George, New Ireland. Mus. Cuming. 


70. Butta Stnensts (pl. exxiv. f. 98), Adams. 


B. testi subovali, aperté, semiopaca, albi, longitudinaliter sub- 
striata, lineis transversis insculptis, subdistantibus ; apertura valde 
aperté, anticé dilatati, posticé producti. 

Shell somewhat oval, open, semiopake, white, longitudinally 
substriated, with transverse engraved lines rather wide apart ; 
aperture very wide, anteriorly dilated, posteriorly produced. 

China Seas. us. Cuming. 


71. Buta Fiavescens (pl. exxiv. f. 99), Adams. 


B. test& parva, subovali, anticé semitruncatd, subflava, pellu- 
cidi, longitudinaliter substriaté, lineis minutissimis transversis 
creberrimis ; labro posticé angulato, rotundato. 

Shell small, suboval, anteriorly semitruncated, yellowish, pellu- 
cid, longitudinally substriated, with very minute transverse lines 
very close together ; outer lip posteriorly angled and rounded. 

fab. P Mus. Cuming. 


72. Butta curva (pl. exxiv. f. 100), Adams. 


B. testa elongato-cylindraced, tenui, pellucida, alba, extremita- 
tibus truncatis, totd transverse striata, striis insculptis, subdistan- 
tibus ; labro recto posticé producto. 

Shell elongately cylindrical, thin, pellucid, white, extremities 
truncated, entirely transversely striated, strie engraved, rather 
wide apart ; outer lip straight, posteriorly produced. 

Hab. P Mus. Cuming. 


73. Butta papyrus (pl. exxiv. f. 101), Adams. 


B. testé cylindrica, papyriformi, anticé vix dilatata, alba, sub- 
pellucida, extremitatibus truncatis, subrotundatis, longitudinaliter 


583 


substriaté, lineis insculptis transversis tota obtecta, lineis subdis- 
tantibus. 

Shell cylindrical, in form of a roll of paper, anteriorly slightly 
dilated, white, semipellucid, extremities truncated, slightly rounded, 
longitudinally somewhat striated, entirely covered with transverse 
engraved lines, lines rather wide apart. 

Shores of Borneo. Mus. Cuming. 


74. Buxwa virrua (pl. exxiv. f. 102), Adams. 


B. testa ovato-cylindraced, alba, pellucida, longitudinaliter sub- 
striata, sub lente minutissimé transversim striata ; labro subrecto, 
posticé producto, rotundato. 

Shell ovately cylindrical, white, pellucid, longitudinally substri- 
ated, under the lens very finely transversely striated ; outer lip 
rather straight, posteriorly produced and rounded. 

Cagayan, Island of Mindanao; Island of Luzon; sands. Cuming. 


75. Butia tenera (pl. exxiv. f. 103), Adams. 


B. testé obliqué subovali, corned, pellucidd, longitudinaliter 
valdé striata, subviridi, minutissimis lineis transversis ; labro recto, 
posticé rotundato. 

Shell obliquely oval, horny, pellucid, longitudinally strongly 
striated, rather green, with very minute transverse lines; outer 
lip straight, posteriorly rounded. 

Hab. P Mus. Cuming. 


76. BuLLA TENELLA (pl. exxiv. f. 104), Adams. 


B. test’ ovali, anticé subangustati, tenui, fragilissima, corned, 
pellucida, in medio subgibbosi, longitudinaliter substriatd, trans- 
versim irregulariter liraté, lineis minutissimis transversis ; labro 
in medio subangulato, posticé producto, rotundato. 

Shell oval, anteriorly somewhat narrowed, thin, fragile, horny, 
pellucid, somewhat gibbous in the middle, longitudinally substri- 
ated, with transverse irregular ridges and very fine lines; outer 
hip rather angulated in the middle, posteriorly produced and 
rounded. 

Lab. 


> = Mus. Cuming. 


77. Butia rorunpata (pl. exxiv. f. 105), Adams. 


B. testa rotundato-ovali, tenui, cornea, subpellucidd, utrmque 


584: 


rotundata, longitudinaliter striata, sub lente lineis transversis 
minutissimis ; labro eequaliter arcuato. 

Shell roundly ovate, thin, horny, semipellucid, rounded at both 
ends, longitudinally striated under the lens, with very fine trans- 
verse lines ; outer lip equally arched. 

Hab. —-—? Mus. Cuming. 


78. Butta succtnea (pl. exxiv. f. 106), Conrad, Proc. 
Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1846. Feb. pl. i. f. 5. 


B. testa cylindrica, pertenui, diaphand, succined, lineis confertis 
transversis cincti; columella concava, ad basin canaliculata ; labro 
recto, postice producto, 

Shell cylindrical, very thin, diaphanous, of an amber colour, 
marked with crowded minute revolving wrinkled lines ; columella 
concave or channelled towards the base; outer lip straight, the 
hind margin above the line of the apex. 


Tampa Bay. Mus. Metcalfe. 


78 a. Buwta castanna (pl. exxiv. f. 106 a), Adams. 


B. testa solidi, oblongo-ovali; spiri umbilicata, albida, epider- 
mide fusco-ferrugined tecta, lineolis creberrimis transversis sub 
lente insculpta, leis anticis conspicuis, distantioribus, longitudi- 
naliter substriaté; labio anticé albo, incrassato ; apertura mtts 
albida. 

Shell solid, oblong, oval; spire umbilicated, whitish, covered 
with a brown ferruginous epidermis, engraved (under the lens) with 
very fine close-set lines, the anterior ones very distinct and wide 
apart, longitudinally substriated; inner lip anteriorly white and 
thickened ; aperture white within. 

Shores of New Zealand; 4 fathoms, mud. 


Sus-GENus Arys. 


79. Butta navcum (pl. exxiv. f. 107-109), Linn., Gmel. 
p. 3424. 


B. testa rotundata, pellucida, utrinque subumbilicatd, undique 
transversim striata, alba. 

Shell rounded, pellucid, somewhat umbilicated at both ends, 
transversely striated throughout, white. 

Philippines, Borneo ; on muddy sand-banks. Cuming. 


585 


80. Butta rerrvuetnosa (pl. exxiv. f. 110), Chemn., Hist. 
Conch. i. t. 22. f. 209, 210. 


B. testa ovoided, tenui, fragil, leviter umbilicatd, utrinque 
transversim striata, maculis ferrugineis undulatis longitudinaliter 
ornata. 

Shell ovoid, thin, fragile, slightly umbilicated, transversely stri- 
ated at both ends, marked with undulated rust-coloured bands in 
a longitudinal direction. 

Hab. P Mus. Cuming. 


81. Butta ovorpea (pl. exxiv. f. 111), Quoy e¢ Gaim., Voy. 
de PAstr. pl. 26. f. 17, 18. 


B. testa ovata, fragili, alba, leviter umbilicata, anticé transver- 
sim striata, striis tenuissimis, longitudinalibus. 

Shell ovate, fragile, white, slightly umbilicated, anteriorly trans- 
versely striated, and with very fine longitudinal striz. 

Ammal yellowish-green, with brown blotches, and one tongue- 
shaped marking on the head between the eyes. 

Island of Guam, Australia; J. B. Jukes, Esq. Mus. Cuming. 


82. Butta sovipa (pl. cxxiv. f. 112, 113), Braug., Ene, 
Méth. vol. i. p. 874. 


B. testa oblongo-ovata, alba, solidd, epidermide subfusca tecta, 
utrinque valdé transverseé striata ; ultimo anfractu in medio obtusé 
carinato ; labro posticé tortuoso, producto, in medio subangulato ; 
labio anticé vix plicato. 

Shell ovately oblong, white, solid, covered with a light brown 
epidermis, strongly transversely grooved at each end, smooth in 
the middle, the last whorl obtusely carinated in the middle ; outer 
lip posteriorly twisted and produced, rather angled in the middle ; 
inner lip anteriorly with a slight fold. 

Philippines. Cuming. 


83. Bunta cytinprica (pl. xxv. f. 114), Helblings, Chemn. 
x. t. 146. f. 1856, 1857. Bulla cylindrica, Brag. 


B. testa cylindricé, elongata, involuta, alba, in vertice umbili- 

A A ey = an = - ks A . "A A 
cata ; area antica et postica transversim striata, intermedia glabra ; 
apertura oblong’; columellé sinuosi; labio replicato. 

Shell cylindrical, elongated, involute, white ; apex umbilicated, 


586 


anteriorly and posteriorly striated, intermediate space smooth ; 
aperture oblong; columella sinuous ; inner lip reflected. 
Pasacao, Island of Luzon; sandy mud, low water. Cuming. 


84. Butta Crancui (pl. cxxv. f. 115), Leach, MS. 
B. Utriculus, Brosch. B. intermedia, Aradas. 


B. testa ovata, subsolidioni, perforata, corneo-flavescente, striis 
transversis punctatis, subflexuosis ; vertice profundé wmbilicato ; 
labio anticé subtruncato. 

Shell ovate, rather solid, wmbilicated, yellowish horn-colour, 
with numerous transverse, rather wavy, punctated strie ; apex 
deeply umbilicated ; inner lip anteriorly somewhat truncated. 

Salcomb bay, Devon. Mus. Cuming. 


85. Buta succisa (pl. cxxv. f. 116), Hhrenberg, Symb. 
Phys. 


B. testa oblongo-ovati, tenui, utrinque transverse striata, alba ; 
labro prope spiram inclusam uniplicato, altero fine truncato. 
Long 5 lin., lat. 3 lin. 

Shell ovately oblong, thin, transversely striated at both ends, 
white; outer lip near the spire with a single fold, the other end 
truncated. Length 5 lines, width 3 lines. 

Shores of the Red Sea. Mus. Cuming. 


86. Buia tRuNcaATULA (pl. exxv. f. 117), Braug., Phil. En. 
Moll. Sicil. t. 7. f. 21. B. umbilicata, Montag. 


B. testa minuta, oblonga, subcylindrica, levissima, lacted ; ver- 
tice rotundato ; columella basi subtruncata. 

Shell small, oblong, subcylindrical, very smooth, white ; apex 
rounded ; columella somewhat truncated at the base. 

Sicily. Mus. Cuming. 


87. Butta ovutata (pl. cxxv. f. 118), Broch., p. 277. t. 1. 
1.5. 

B. testa parva, cylindrico-oblongd, hyalina, stris subtilissimis 
transversis (oculo nudo non conspicuis) exaratéi; apice obtuso, 
umbilicato ; columella inferné obsoleté uniplicata. 

Shell small, cylindrically oblong, hyaline, marked with very fine 
transverse strie (not visible to the naked eye); apex obtuse, 
umbilicated ; columella inferiorly with a single obsolete plait. 

Sicily. Mus. Cuming. 


587 


88. Butta niemais (pl, exxv. f. 119), Couthouy, Bost. 
Journ. Nat. Hist. vol. ii. p. 180. pl. 4. f. 5. 


B. testa perparva, hyalina, globosi, fragili, convoluti, longitu- 
dinaliter tenué striata ; spird null ; apertura superné angusti, ad 
basin valdé dilataté ; columellé subarcuata, reflexd, umbilicata. 

Shell very small, hyaline, globose, fragile, convoluted, longitu- 
dinally finely striated ; spire none; aperture narrow above, greatly 
dilated at the base ; columella somewhat arched, reflected, umbi- 
licated. Length 54, in., width 4, in. 


Massachusetts Bay, U.S. 


89. Butta Tortuosa (pl. cxxv. f. 120), Adams. 


B. testd ovoided, utrinque valdé producti, flavescente, pellucida, 
perforata, anticé et posticé transversim striata; labro posticé valdé 
tortuoso ; labio recto, uniplicato. 

Shell ovoid, produced at both ends, yellowish, pellucid, umbili- 
cated, anteriorly and posteriorly transversely striated ; outer lip 
posteriorly strongly twisted ; inner lip anteriorly straight, with a 
single fold. 

Island of Camaguing, Philippines ; 30 fathoms, sandy mud. 
Mus. Cuming. 


90. Butta Evoneata (pl. exxv. f. 121), Adams. 


B. testa subcylindricd, anticé angustiore, alb’, subpellucida, 
nitida, anticé et posticé transversim striaté, intermedia glabra ; 
labro posticé valdé tortuoso et producto ; labio anticé planiusculo, 
vix plicato. 

Shell subcylindrical, narrower anteriorly, white, subpellucid, 
shining, anteriorly and posteriorly transversely striated, the inter- 
mediate space polished ; outer lip posteriorly strongly twisted and 
produced ; inner lip anteriorly rather flattened, with a slight fold. 

Ceylon. Dr. Sibdold. Island of Zebu, Philippines. Cuming. 


91. Buxxa spsciosa (pl. cxxv. f. 122), Adams. 


B. testa ovali, perforata, posticé angustatd, subtruncata, antice 
rotundaté, ventricosd, albé, semiopacd, nitidd, longitudinaliter 
superné valde striaté, inferné striis evanidis utrinque transverse 
striaté ; labro intts incrassato, posticé tortuoso, uniplicato ; labio 
reflexo, antice subplicato. 

Shell oval, perforated, posteriorly narrowed and subtruncated, 
anteriorly rounded and ventricose, white, semiopake, shining, 
longitudinally superiorly strongly striated, inferior striae evanes- 

iG 


588 


cent, transversely striated at both ends ; outer lip thickened with- 
in, posteriorly twisted, with a single plait ; inner lip reflexed, 
anteriorly semiplicated. 

Hab. > Mus. Metcalfe. 


92. Butta monoponta (pl. exxv. f. 123), Adams. 


B. testé subcylindricd, posticé subtruncatd, anticé producti, 
solidi, opacd, longitudinaliter sulcaté ; labro in medio inflexo ; 
labio antice valde truncato, in plici dentiformi desinente. 

Shell subcylindrical, posteriorly subtruncated, anteriorly pro- 
duced, solid, opake, longitudinally grooved; outer lip inflexed in 
the middle; inner lip strongly truncated anteriorly, and ending 
in a dentiform plate. 

Shores of Borneo. Mus. Cuming. 


93. Butta pentirera (pl. exxv. f. 124), Adams. 


B. testé ovoided, postice subtruncati, anticé producti, corned, 
pellucida, longitudinaliter sulcaté ; labro simplici, acuto ; labio 
anticé valdé truncato, in plicd dentiformi desinente. 

Shell ovoid, posteriorly subtruncated, anteriorly produced, horny, 
pellucid, longitudinally sulcated; outer lip simple, acute; inner 
lip anteriorly strongly truncated, ending in a dentiform plate. 

Lord Hood’s Island; found on Avicula margaritifera. Cuming. 
Mus. Cuming. 


94. Butta nonscripta (pl. exxv. f. 125), Adams. 


B. test& ovato-cylindricé, alba, subpellucidd, longitudinaliter 
striatA, posticé subtruncatd, anticé producti ; labro subrecto ; 
labio anticé valdé truncato, in plicd dentiformi desinente. 

Shell ovately cylindrical, white, subpellucid, longitudinally 
striated, posteriorly subtruncated, anteriorly produced ; outer lip 
rather straight; inner lip anteriorly strongly truncated, ending 
in a tooth-like plait. 


95. Burta Aricuna (pl. exxv. f. 126), Alicula cylindrica, 
Ehrenberg, Symb. Phys. t. 4. f. 6. 


B. test& semipollicari, subcylindricé, tenui, antico et postico 
fine transversé striata, hyalina; soled exustd, albi; labro medio 
non reflexo, superné uniplicato, altero fine rotundato. Animale 
flavicante ; scuto capitis et alarum margine leete viridibus ; capite 
rhomboide, subacuto. 


589 


Shell half an inch in length, subcylindrical, thin, the anterior 
and posterior ends transversely striated, hyaline ; the under part 
brownish white; outer lip not reflexed in the middle, with a 
single fold above, the other end rounded. Animal yellowish ; the 
head and dilated sides of the foot light green; head rhomboid, 
subacute. 

Near Suez and Djedda, Red Sea. Mus. Cuming. 


96. Buxya nitrpa (pl. exxv. f. 127), Adams. 


B. testé perparva, obovaté, alba, opacd, nitidd, basi dilatata, 
vertice rotundato, profundé umbilicato, superné et inferné trans- 
versim striaté; apertura superné productd, angustd, inferné dila- 
tata ; columella simplici, reflex ; umbilico parvo ; labro superné 
rotundato, arcuato. 

Shell very small, obovate, white, opake, shining, dilated at the 
base, apex rounded and deeply umbilicated, transversely striated 
above and below ; aperture produced above and narrow, inferiorly 
dilated ; columella simple, reflected ; umbilicus small; outer lip 
rounded superiorly and arched. 

Shores of Borneo. Mus. Cuming. 


97. Butta pyrirormis (pl. cxxv. f. 128), Adams. 


B. test& parva, obovataé, basi valdé dilatata, gibbosula, nitidé, 
levi, alba, pellucida, apice truncata, obsoleté longitudinaliter sul- 
cata, superne et inferné transversim striaté; spird non manifesta, 
vertice subumbilicato ; aperturd superné angusta, inferné valdé 
dilatata ; labio externo, superné acute truncato ; columella reflex, 
in medio subcaliosd ; umbilico profundo. 

Shell small, obovate, greatly dilated at the base, gibbose, shin- 
ing, white, smooth, pellucid, apex truncated, obsoletely longitudi- 
nally sulcated, above and below transversely striated ; spire not 
visible, apex slightly umbilicated ; aperture narrowed above, and 
greatly dilated below; outer lip acutely truncated above ; colu- 
mella reflected, rather callous in the middle ; umbilicus deep. 

China Sea. Mus. Cuming. 


98. Butta Exieva (pl. exxv. f. 129), Adams. 


B. testi parva, elongato-ovali, posticé angustata, alba, nitidé, 
longitudinaliter substriata, sub lente minutissimeé striata ; apertura 
angusti, lineari, anticé dilataté; labro posticé producto, flexuoso ; 
labio subcalloso. 

4G 2 


590 


Shell small, elongately oval, posteriorly narrowed, white, shin- 
ing, longitudinally substriated, under the lens very minutely stri- 
ated ; aperture narrow, linear, anteriorly dilated ; outer lip pos- 
teriorly produced, flexuous; inner lip subcallous. 

Port Lincoln. Mus. Metcalfe. 


99. Buta parvuta (pl. exxv. f. 180), Adams. 


B. testa parva, ovali, alba, nitida, transversim tot striata, stris 
confertis ; labro arcuato, posticé producto, anticé dilatato ; labio 
vix tortuoso, subtruncato. 

Shell small, oval, white, shining, transversely entirely striated, 
strie close together ; outer lip arched, posteriorly produced, an- 
teriorly dilated ; inner lip slightly tortuous, subtruncated. 

Port Lincoln. Mus. Metcalfe. 


100. Burts Horpeacea (pl. exxv. f. 181), Adams. 


B. testa parva, ovali, alba, nitidd, transversim valde tota striata, 
striis subdistantibus; labro arcuato, posticé producti, anticé ro- 
tundato; labio anticé valdé tortuoso, subtruncato. 

Shell small, oval, white, shining, transversely strongly entirely 
striated, strive rather wide apart; outer lip arched, posteriorly 
produced, anteriorly rounded ; inner lip anteriorly strongly twisted, 
subtruncated. 


Port Lincoln, Australia. Mus. Metcalfe. 


Sus-GENus CyLicHNna. 


101. Buia cytinpracea (pl. exxv. f. 1382), Pennant, Zool. 
Brit. vol. iv. pl. 73. f. 5, 6. B. convoluta, Brocchi. LB. oliva, 
Gmelin. 


B. testé cylindricé, levi, alba; apertura lieari, basin versus 
partum dilataté; vertice obtuso, perforato ; striis transversis nullis 
(aut evanidis) ; columella callosd, uniplicata. 

Shell cylindrical, smooth, white ; aperture linear, slightly di- 
lated towards the base; apex obtuse, perforated ; transverse strize 
obsolete, or none; columella callous, with a single plait. 


British Islands. 


102. Butta aracuis (pl. exxv. f. 133, 134), Quoy, Voy. 
de l Astrolabe. 


B. testa solida, longo-cylindrica, transversim tenuissime striata, 


591 


alba, epidermide cinnamomea tect4; spira perforata. Long. 8 lin., 
lat. 32 ln. 

Shell solid, elongately cylindrical, transversely finely striated, 
white, covered with a reddish-brown epidermis; spire perforated. 
Length 8 lines, width 32 lines. 

New Holland ; Port St. George. 


103. Butta Sarstt (pl. exxv. f. 135), Phclippe. 


B. testa ovato-cylindraced, posticé truncata, anticé producti, 
apice perforata, alba, transversim tenuissimé striaté ; apertura 
angusté; columella anticé uniplicata ; labro postice producto. 

Shell ovately cylindrical, posteriorly truncate, anteriorly pro- 
duced, apex perforated, white, transversely very finely striated ; 
aperture narrow; columella anteriorly with a single fold; outer 
hp posteriorly produced. 

Hab. ? Mus. Hanley. 


104. Butta occurta (pl. cxxv. f. 186), Mighels, Bost. 
Journ. Nat. Hist. vol. iv. p. 54. pl. iv. f. 11. 


B. testa parva, alba, ovato-cylindrica, striis minutissimis trans- 
versis et striis longitudinalibus incrementi tect; spird occulta ; 
labro supra elevato, medio recto ; aperturd subangusta, infra lata, 
rotundata. 

Shell small, white, ovately cylindrical, covered with very minute 
transverse strize and longitudinal lines of growth ; spire concealed ; 
outer lip elevated above, straight in the middle; aperture rather 
narrow, anteriorly broad androunded. Length $ in., width 3, in. 

New England. 


105. Burza apa (pl. exxv. f. 137), Brown. 


B. testa ovato-cylindracea, alba, apice immerso, callo columel- 
lari obtecto, longitudinaliter substriata, transversim sub lente sub- 
tilissimé striata; apertura angusti; labro arcuato; labio anticé 
recto, uniplicato. 

Shell ovately cylindrical, white, apex sunken, covered by the 
columellar callus, longitudinally substriated ; aperture narrow; 
outer lip arched ; inner lip anteriorly straight, with a single, 
oblique, rather obsolete plait. Under the lens the shell is finely 
striated transversely. 


British Islands. Mus. Hanley. 


592 


106. Butta corticata (pl. exxv. f. 138), dMdller, Ind. 
Moll. Greenland. p. 79. 


B. testa cylmdrica, imperforata, solidiore, fulva, striis longitudi- 
nalibus undulatis minutissimis ornatd ; apice immerso, callo colu- 
mellari obtecto. 

Shell cylindrical, imperforate, rather solid, fulvous, with very 
minute longitudinal undulated lines ; apex sunken, covered by the 
umbilical callus. 

Greenland. Mus. Cuming. 


107. Buxa rriticea (pl. exxv. f. 139), Courthouy, Bost. 
Journ. Nat. Hist. 


B. test& parvula, cylindricd, umbilico obtecto, solidiore, epider- 
mide subfuscd obtecté, transversim sub lente subtilissimé striata ; 
apice immerso, callo columellari obtecto ; apertura angusti, sub- 
lineari, ad basin dilatata. 

Shell small, cylindrical, umbilicus covered, rather solid, covered 
with a brownish epidermis under the lens, very finely transversely 
striated ; apex covered with the columellar callus; aperture nar- 
row, somewhat linear, dilated at the base. 

Massachusetts, U.S. Mus. Cuming. 


108. Butta umsiticata (pl. exxv. f. 140), Montagu. 


B. testa ovato-cylindracea, albé, levi, longitudinaliter substriata, 
apice umbilicato, anticé subacuminaté; apertura angusta, anticé 
dilatataé ; labio anticé uniplicato. 

Shell ovately cylindrical, white, smooth, longitudinally sub- 
striated, apex umbilicated, shell anteriorly rather narrowed ; aper- 
ture narrow, anteriorly dilated; inner lip anteriorly with a single 

lait. 
: British Islands. Mus. Hanley. 


109. Butta srricEta (pl. exxv. f. 141), Lovén, Ind. Moll. 
Scand. p. 10. 


B. testa cylindraced, posticé subtruncata, striis spiralibus tenuis- 
simis undulosis sculpté; apice umbilicato, minuto, tereti, pro- 
fundo, perforato, peromphalo solido, niveo ; labro partim recedente; 
columella callosi, plici distincta; aut nuda, nitidd, aut epider- 
mide fusca tecti. : 

Shell cylindrical, posteriorly somewhat rounded, engraved with 
very fine undulating transverse strie ; apex minutely teretely um- 


593 


bilicated, deeply perforated, peromphalus solid, white ; outer lip 
a little receding ; columella callous, fold distinct ; either nude and 
shining, or covered with a fuscous epidermis. 

Scandinavia. Cagayan; 25 fathoms, sandy mud, H.C. Mus. 
Cuming. 


110. Butta conctnna (pl. exxv. f. 142), Adams. 


B. test& ovato-cylindraced, inferné subacuminata, albf, nitidd, 
opaci, transversim spiraliter minutissimé striata ; apice profundo, 
umbilicato; apertura lineari, infra partim dilataté; columella vix 
sinuosa, plici evanidi; labro producto, apicem desinente. 

Shell ovately cylmdrical, below somewhat acuminate, white, 
shining, opake, very minutely transversely spirally striated ; apex 
deeply umbilicated; aperture linear, a little dilated below ; colu- 
mella slightly sinuous, plait obsolete ; outer lip produced, extend- 
ing beyond the apex. 

Manila ; 3 fathoms, sandy mud. Cuming. 


111. Butxa srericata (pl. cxxv. f. 143), Adams. 


B. testa cylindraced, gracili, posticé subrotundata, striis spirali- 
bus distantioribus sculpta ; apice profundé umbilicato ; apertura 
angusta, lineari, supra producta, infra dilataté; columella cal- 
losd, biplicata ; epidermide subfuscaé tenue tecta. 

Shell cylindrical, slender, posteriorly somewhat rounded, en- 
graved with rather distant spiral strie ; apex deeply umbilicated ; 
aperture narrow, linear, produced above, dilated below ; columella 
callous, with two plaits ; covered with a reddish-brown epidermis. 

China Sea. Mus. Cuming. 


112. Butxa Brevissma (pl. exxv. f. 144), Adams. 


B. test& ovato-cylindricé, in medio partim obstricta, transversim 
spiraliter striata; apice umbilicato, umbilico callo columellari sub- 
obtecto; apertura angusta, lineari, in medio coarctata, superné 
product, inferné dilataté; columella reflex4, subcallosa. 

Shell ovately cylindrical, a little contracted in the middle, trans- 
versely spirally striated ; apex umbilicated, umbilicus partly 
covered by the columellar callus; aperture narrow, linear, con- 
tracted in the middle, above produced, below dilated ; columella 
reflexed, rather callous. 

China Sea. Mus. Cuming. 


594 
113. Butta MaRMorata (pl. exxv. f. 145), Adams. 


B. testa ovaté, supra coarctati, infra producti, subacuminata, 
levi, nitidd, pallidé rufo-fuscd albique variegata, maculis nunc 
in fasctis dispositis, transversim minutissimé striatd; striis dis- 
tinctioribus superné et inferné ; spird conspicud, in umbilico 
profundo; aperturaé angusta, infra et supra acuminaté producta ; 
columella recta, subcallosd, umbilico distincto. 

Shell ovate, contracted above, produced and rather acuminate 
below, smooth, shining, variegated with pale red-brown and white, 
the spots im some specimens disposed in distinct bands, trans- 
versely very minutely striated; striz most distinct above and 
below ; spire conspicuous, in the deep umbilicus of the apex ; 
aperture narrow, acuminately produced above and below; colu- 
mella straight, rather callous, umbilicus distinct. 

Island of Capul, Philippines. Cuming. 


114. Buta concenrrica (pl. exxv. f. 146), Adams. 


B. testé parva, subcylindrica, elongata, basi vix dilatata, alba, 
longitudinaliter semisulcata, striis transversis valdé distinctis 
sculpta ; spird manifest4é, in apice immersa, peromphalo radiatim 
striato; apertura angusta, lineari, superné producta, inferné dila- 
tata; columella simplici. 

Shell small, subcylindrical, elongated, a little dilated at the 
base, white, longitudinally somewhat sulcated, engraved with very 
distinct transverse striz ; spire conspicuous, immersed in the apex, 
peromphalus radiately striated ; aperture narrow, linear, produced 
above, dilated below ; columella simple. 

Cagayan, Philippines. Mus. Cuming. 


115. Butta pxcussata (pl. exxv. f. 147), Adams. 


B. testa parva, subcylindrica, elongata, basi vix dilatata, alba, 
striis transversis et longitudinalibus decussata ; spird manifesta, 
in umbilico immersi, peromphalo radiatim strato; apertura 
angusta, lineari, superné producta, inferné dilataté ; columella 
simplici. 

Shell small, subcylindrical, elongated, slightly dilated at the 
base, white, crossed with longitudinal and transverse striz ; spire 
conspicuous, immersed in the umbilicated apex, peromphalus 
radiately striated ; aperture narrow, linear, produced superiorly, 
dilated below ; columella simple. 

China Sea. Mus. Cuming. 


116. Butra Bizona (pl. exxv. f. 148), Adams. 


B. test& ovato-cylindrici, fulva, fasctis duabus pallidé rubris 
cincti, longitudinaliter obsolete plicaté ; striis distinctis trans- 
versis creberrimis sculpt’; spiri manifesté, im umbilico profun- 
dissimo immers’ ; apertura superne producta, lineari, inferné 
dilataté ; columella semiplicati, subretlexd, umbilico obtecto ; 
labio externo supra inflexo. 

Shell ovately cylindrical, fulvous, encircled with two pale red- 
brown bands, longitudinally obsoletely plicated, engraved with 
distinct transverse finely undulated strive ; spire conspicuous, 
immersed in the deep umbilicus of the apex ; ; aperture produc ved 
above, linear, dilated inferiorly ; columella slightly plicated, rather 
reflected, umbilicus covered ; outer lip inflexed superiorly. 

China Sea. Mus. Cuming - 


117. Butta pyramipata (pl. exxv. f. 149), Adams. 


B. testa subcylindricé, supra acuminata, basi vix dilatata, alba, 
nitida, longitudinaliter sulcatd, superné et inferné transversim sub- 
striata ; spird partim manifesté, vertice profundé umbilicato ; 
apertura anguste lineari, supra producti, infra dilatata ; columella 
reflex, subcallosd ; umbilico obtecto. 

Shell subcylindrical, acuminated above, hardly dilated at the 
base, white, shining, longitudinally g grooved, faintly striated trans- 
versely above and below; spire hardly obvious, apex deeply um- 
bilicated ; aperture narrowly linear, produced above, dilated below ; 
columella reflected, rather callous, umbilicus covered. 

China Sea. Mus. Cuming. 


118. Burta pyemaa (pl. exxv. f. 150), Adams. 


B. testa parva, subcylindricd, in medio constrict, apice umbi- 
licataé, albi, nitidd, levi, longitudinaliter striaté; labro posticé 
producto, rotundato, in medio inflexo; labio anticé subcalloso ; 
apertura angusta, lineari, anticé dilatata. 

Shell small, subcylindrical, contracted in the middle, apex um- 
bilicated, white, shining, smooth, longitudinally striated ; outer 
lip posteriorly produced, rounded, inflexed in the middle; inner 
lip anteriorly subcallous ; aperture narrow, linear, anteriorly 
dilated. 

Port Lincoln. Mus. Metcalfe. 


119. Butta mnvotura (pl. exxv. f. 151), Adams. 


B. test& cylindricd, posticé truncati, alba, solidé, transversim 
4 4 


tota striata; apertur’ angusti, lineari; labro recto, ejus angulo 
producto, rotundato ; labio anticé tortuoso, uniplicato. 

Shell cylindrical, posteriorly truncated, white, solid, transversely 
entirely striated ; aperture narrow, linear ; outer lip straight, its 
angle produced, rounded; inner lip anteriorly tortuous, with a 
single fold. 

China Seas. Mus. Cuming. 


Sus-cenus VoLvuLa. 


120. Butta acuminata (pl. exxv. f. 152), Brug., Ene. 
Méth. vol. i. p. 376. Phdé., En. t. 7. f. 18. 


B. test& minuta, levissima, subcylindricd, utrmque rostrata ; 
spira occulta, superné parm attenuati; apertura anguste lineari, 
inferné perpartm latiore ; columella basi obsolete uniplicata. 

Shell minute, very smooth, subcylindrical, beaked at both ends ; 
spire concealed, above attenuated ; aperture narrowly linear, rather 
wider below ; columella with a single obsolete plait at the base. 

Shores of Sicily. dus. H. Adams. 


121. Butta aneustata (pl. exxv. f. 153), Adams. 


B. test& cylindricé, utrinque rostrata, levi, nitidd, albi, longi- 
tudinaliter substriaté; spiri occult’; apertura lneari, in medio 
angustata, superné producti, inferné dilataté ; labro in medio 
coarctato ; labio uniplicato. 

Shell cylindrical, beaked at both ends, smooth, shining, white, - 
longitudinally substriated ; spire concealed; aperture linear, nar- 
rowed in the middle, produced above, dilated below; outer lip 
contracted in the middle ; inner lip with a single fold. 

Cagayan, Mindanao ; 25 fathoms. Cuming. 


122. Buxta rostrata (pl. exxv. f. 154), Adams. 


B. testa elongato-ovah, alba, pellucida, utrinque rostrata, longi- 
tudinaliter substriata, transversim sub lente minutissimé striata ; 
aperturd angusta, lineari ; labro eequaliter arcuato ; columella tor- 
tuosi, uniplicata. 

Shell elongately oval, white, pellucid, beaked at both ends, 
longitudinally substriated, transversely (under the lens) very 
minutely striated; aperture narrow, linear; outer lip equally 
arched ; columella tortuous, with a single plait. 

Port Lincoln. Mus. Metcalfe. 


HOT 


123. BuLia wpurnwa (pl. exxv. f. 155), Addams. 


B. test’ ovato-cylindracea, alba, levi, solidi, nitid&, inferné 
tansversim striati, utrinque rostraté; apertura sublineari, posticé 
angustati, anticé dilataté; labro posticé inflexo; labio calloso ; 
wumbilico nullo. 

Shell ovately cylindrical, white, smooth, solid, shining, inferiorly 
transversely striated, beaked at both ends; aperture narrow pos- 
teriorly, dilated anteriorly ; outer lip posteriorly inflexed ; inner 
hp callous; umbilicus none. 

China Sea. Mus. Cuming. 


124, Buta strratua (pl. exx. f. 156), Adams. 


B. testa parva, ovato-cylindracea, alba, toté transversim striata, 
utrinque rostrata; spird occulti; apertura lineari, anticé sub- 
dilatata ; labro subrecto, vix inflexo in medio ; labio anticé valdé 
tortuoso, uniplicato. 

Shell small, ovately cylindrical, beaked at both ends, entirely 
transversely striated ; spire concealed; aperture linear, anteriorly 
slightly dilated; outer lip straight, shghtly inflexed in the middle ; 
inner lip strongly twisted, with a single plait. 

China Seas. Jus. Cuming. 


Sus-Genus Linrertia. 


125. Buxta viripts (pl. exxi. f. 52), Rang, Quoy et Gaim., 
Voy. de lAstr. pl. xxvi. f. 18-16. B. calyculata, Brod. and 
Sowerby. 


B. testé ovali, aperté, vix involuté, longitrorsum tenuissimé 
striata, viridi; unguiculo albo ad spiram. 

Shell oval, open, scarcely involute, longitudinally very finely 
striated, green ; a white unguiculate appendage at the spire. 
Length 4 lines, width 3 lines. 

Animal of a sombre green, except the edge of the head and 
sides of the foot, which are greenish-yellow dotted with white. 

Bourbon, Guam, Japan, Pitcairn’s Island; on exposed rocks 
at half tide. Mus. Cuming. 


126. Burta etauca (pl. exxi. f. 53), Quoy et Gaim., Voy. 
de l’Astr. pl. xxvi. f. 10-12. 


B. testa ovali, oblonga, pellucida, glauci, vix involuta, longi- 
trorsum striata, ad spiram unguiculata. 
4H 2 


598 | 
Shell oval, oblong, pellucid, glaucous, scarcely involute, longi- 
tudinally striated, unguiculate at the spire. 
Animal of a clear apple-green slightly dotted with black ; shell 
more involute, oval, and convex than 2. viridis. 
New Ireland. Mus. Cuming. 


127. Butta minor (pl. exxi. f. 54), Adams. 


B. testa parvulé, pellucida, luted, tenui, levi, ovali, aperta, 
vix involuté, longitudinaliter tenuissimé striati ; unguiculo ad 
spiram. 

Shell small, pellucid, yellow, thin, smooth, oval, aperture very 
wide, scarcely involute, longitudinally very finely striated ; an 
unguiculate process at the spire. 

Island of Zebu ; on the sands. Cuming. 


128. Butta Aeris (pl. exxi. f. 55), Hanley. 


B. testa subtrigonali, apertd, vix mvoluta, longitudinaliter sub- 
striata, alba’, fragili; labio appendiculo calyciformi, intts sub- 
spirali ; labro producto, postice angulato, producto. 

Shell subtrigonal, open, slightly involute, longitudinally sub- 
striated, white, fragile; inner lip with a cup-shaped appendage, 
subspiral within ; outer lip produced, posteriorly angled and 
produced. 


Algiers ; dredged by R. M‘Andrew, Esq. Mus. Hanley. 


SuB-GENUS CRYPTOPHTHALMUS. 


129. Buxta ottvacea (pl. exxi. f. 56), Ehrenberg, Symb. 
Phys. t. 1. f. 2. B. smaragdina, Lenck., Rupp. 


B. corpore smaragdino, colore diluté viridi intermixto, tenta- 
culis indistinctis ; testa fragili, exigua, pellucida, alba, vix inflexa, 
columella spirique destituta. 

Body emerald green mixed with a pale green; tentacles indis- 
tinct. Shell fragile, small, pellucid, white, hardly inflexed, desti- 
tute of columella and spire. 


Sup-cenus Losicer. 
130. Butta Puivreert (pl. exxi. f. 57), Avohn, Ann. des 
Scien. Nat. 3me Série. pl. ui. f. 1, 2. 


B. testi ovali, corned, fragili, longitudinaliter substriata, sub- 
involuta ; spird occulté ; apertura ampli, posticé producti, rotun- 


599 


data ; labro arcuato, ejus angulo superno producto, rotundato , 
labio tenui, subreflexo. 

Shell oval, horny, thin, fragile, longitudinally substriated, 
slightly involute ; spire concealed ; aperture very wide, posteriorly 
produced and rounded; outer lip arcuated, its upper angle pro- 
duced and rounded ; inner lip thin, somewhat reflexed. 

Hab. ? = Mus. Cuming. 


131. Butta Cumtinett (pl. cxxi. f. 58), Adams. 


B. testA subovali, gibbosi, corned, fragih, pellucida, subinvo- 
luta; spird occulta ; apertura postice producti, angustata, lineari, 
anticé valdé dilataté ; labro subsinuoso, valdé inflexo, posticé 
producto; labio adhzrente, subreflexo. 

Shell subovate, gibbose, horny, fragile, pellucid, slightly invo- 
lute ; spire concealed ; aperture posteriorly produced, narrow and 
linear, anteriorly greatly dilated ; outer lip shghtly sinuous, greatly 
inflected towards the body-whorl, posteriorly produced ; inver lip 
adhering, slightly reflexed. 

Puerto St. Elena, W. Columbia; sandy mud, 6 fathoms. 
Cuming. 


SuB-GENUS PHANEROPHTHALMUS. 


132. Butxa turea (pl. exxv. f. 157, 158), Quoy, Voy. de 
PAstr. pl. xxvi. f. 43, 44. 


B. animale pallidé luteo; test& minima, fragilil, alba, ovali, 
aperta, uec volvaté, margine dextro contorto et acuto ; long. 
3 lin., lat. 2 lin. 

Animal of a pale yellow. Shell small, fragile, white, oval, open, 
not convolute ; right margin contorted and acute. Length 3 
lines, breadth 2 lines. 

New Guinea: Port Dorey; on the reefs. Quoy. 


Sus-Genus PHILINE. 


133. Butta Quapripartira (pl. exxv. f. 159). Philine 
quadripartita. Ascanius, Chemn. p. 146. f. 1354. Labaria quad- 
riloba, Miller. 


B. testa ovato-rotundaté, posticé line’ impressionali cincté ; 
margine externo semicirculari, postice sinuato, angulo ejus supero 
producto, rotundato. 

Shell rotundately ovate, encircled posteriorly with an impressed 


600 


line; outer margin semicircular, posteriorly sinuated, the upper 
angle produced and rounded. 
The plates of the gizzard are in the form of a cocked hat, or 
subtriangular, with the beaks bent down and slightly produced. 
British Islands. Mus. Cuming. 


134. Butta Scurarerr (pl. cxxv. f. 160), PAcl., Enc. 
Moll. Sicil. pl. xx. f. 2. B. aperta, Mont., Lamarck. 


B. testa subquadrato-rotund’; margine externo semicirculari, 
angulo ejus supero producto, acutangulo. 

Shell subquadrately rounded ; outer margin semicircular, its 
upper angle produced, acutangular. 

The plates of the gizzard are oval, with the lateral beaks but 
slightly produced. 

Catanuan, Luzon, H.C. Mus. Cuming. 


135. Buta puncrata (pl. exxv. f. 161). Bullea punctata, 
Adams, Trans. Linn. Soc. pl. 1. f. 6-8. 


B. testa ovato-oblonga, tenuissima, albi, pellucida, nitida, lineis 
transversis punctatis, latere columnari arcuato, apice obtuso, vix 
umbilicato. Long. 3; poll., lat. minus quam ;!, poll. 

Shell oblong, very thin, white, pellucid, glossy, marked with 
transverse dotted lines ; inner margin arcuated ; apex obtuse, with 
a very shallow umbilicus. Length #; inch, breadth less than 
jis inch. 

** Animal cinereous, approaching to black, posteriorly yellowish- 
white ; gizzard membranaceous. 

Great Britam. 


136. Buta prutnosa (pl. exxv. f. 162). Bullea pruinosa, 
Clark, Zool. Journ. 1827-28. p. 339. 


B. test& subglobos, nived, subopaci, subtiliter reticulata, peri- 
pherid paululim constricta; margine columnari arcuato, reflexo, 
ad mediam partem subemarginato, leviter umbilicato. 

Shell subglobose, subopake, of a dead frosted white colour, 
delicately reticulated, appearmg covered with fine gauze, circum- 
ference of the posterior or upper part somewhat constricted ; 
columellar margin arcuated, a little reflected, and in the middle 
a flexure or notch ; apex rather rounded and slightly umbilicated. 

Animal entirely white, foot very large. 

Great Britain. Mus. H. Adams. 


601 


137. Butia catena (pl. exxv. f. 163).  Bulleea catena, 
Montag., Test. Brit. pl. vi. f. 7. B. catenulifera, Maegill.  B. 
scabra, Mild. B. granulosa, Sars. B. zonata. 


B. testi oblonga, tenuissimé, albidé, nitidd, stris transversis 
catenatis notata ; latere columellari arcuato ; apice subobtuso, vix 
umbilicato. 

Shell ovate, oblong, very thin, white, pellucid, shining, marked 
with chain-like strie ; columellar margin arcuated; apex rather 
obtuse, slightly umbilicated. 

Animal on the upper part yellowish-white ; head and lobes of 
the foot sprinkled with minute red-brown points ; gizzard with 
testaceous appendages. 

British Islands. Mus. Cuming. 


138. Buta scurutum (pl. exxv. f. 164). Philine scutulum, 
Lovén, Ind. Moll. Scand. p. 9. 


B. testa quadrato-ovali, anticé subtruncati, alb’, subpellucida, 
fasciis binis, incrassatis, striis excavato-punctatis, alternis sepé 
tenuioribus, sculpté ; margine integro ; apice minuto, rimato, vix 
umbilicato, rotundato ; labro posticé parti producto, dein leviter 
impresso, subrecto ; margine columellari sinuato-arcuato ; apertura 
patentissima. 

Shell quadrately oval, anteriorly subtruncated, white, subpellucid, 
engraved with two thickened bands, with excavately punctate 
striae, the alternate often the finest ; margin entire; apex minute, 
rimate, scarcely umbilicated, rounded ; outer lip posteriorly a little 
produced, then slightly impressed and rather straight ; columellar 
margin sinuately arched; aperture very wide. 

Greenland. Mus. Cuming. 


139. Butta Coreantca (pl. exxv. f. 166), Adams. 


B. testd subquadrato-ovali; margine externo subrecto, angulo 
ejus supero truncato ; spird elevatiusculd. 

Shell subquadrately oval ; outer margin rather straight, its 
upper angle truncated; spire rather elevated. 

Korean Archipelago; mud flats. 4. Adams. 


SuB-GENUS CHELIDONURA. 


140. Butta nrrunpinina (pl. exxv. f. 167,168), Quoy, 
Voy. de l’Astr. pl. xxvi. f. 20-25. 


B. test cyanea, vertice capitis dorsique, medio filamentorum 


602 


posteriorum, et margine pallii lime’ cyaneo-viridi ornatis ; testd 
minima, fragil, tot® aperta, albi, margine dextro plano, alato, pos- 
ticé acuto ; long. 1 poll. 

Mauritius. 


Note.—Since writing the above Monograph, I have examined the figures and de- 
scriptions of two remarkable genera described by M. Krohn, in the Ann. des Sci. 
Nat., which appear to me links connecting the Budide with the Aplysiade, and 
which may be thus characterized :— 


Lopicer, Krohn (Tab. ecxix. Fig. 18). 


Head with two auriform tentacles ; eyes sessile on each side of the head. Foot 
with the natatory appendages in the form of dilated rounded lobes, two on each side. 
Body produced posteriorly into a long pointed tail covered with papilla. 

Shell covered with an epidermis, thin, transparent; spire rudimentary, in the 
form of a protuberance directed towards the left. Z. Philippi, Ann. des Sciences 
Nat. 3me Série, pl. xi. f. 1, 2. 

Lopnocercus, Krohn (Tab. cxix. Fig. 19). 

Head with two auriform tentacles; eyes sessile on the sides of the head. Foot 
with the natatory appendages undivided, reflexed, and partly covering the shell in 
front, and united posteriorly. Body covered with papilla, and produced behind into 
a long pointed tail. 

Shell involute, thin, ovate, covered with an epidermis; the outer lip separated 
from the last whorl, its hind angle inflexed, produced, and rounded. L. Steboldiz, 
Krohn, Ann. des Sciences Nat. 8me Série, Zoologie, tom. vii. pl. ii. fig. 5-8. A. A. 


nee 


SPECIES UNIDENTIFIED. 


B. (Utriculus) globosus, Lovéu, Ind. Moll. Scandinavie, p. 11. 
B. (Scaphander) librarius, Zovén, Ind. Moll. Scandinaviwe, p. 10. 
B. (Cylichna) nitidula, Lovén, Ind. Moll. Scandinavie, p. 10. 

B. (Cylichna) pulvisuleus, Hhirenberg, Symb. Phys. 

B. (Cylichna) Bacillus, Hhrenberg, Symb. Phys. 

B. (Cylichna) diaphana, dr. e¢ Magy., Catalog. rag. p. 40. Phil. 


Enum. Moll. Sicil. vol. i. p. 215. 
B. (Cylichna) mica, Lhrenberg, Symb. Phys. 
B. (Atys) albicita, Dufo, Aun, Sc. Nat. t. 14. p. 203. 


Vig. 


605 


BULLA. 


LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CXIX. to CXXV. 


(The Figure after each name ts the number of the Species.) 


Pirate CXIX. 
ANIMALS OF SUB-GENERA. 


1. Aplustrum (Shells, sp. 4-6, 
f, 4-8). 

2. Hydatina (Shells, sp. 7-10, 
f. 9-18). 

3. Tornatina (Shells, sp. 11-26, 
f. 24-39). 

4. Akera (Shells, sp. 32-37, f. 
40-46). 

. Scaphander. 

Bulla. 

. Haminea. 

. Atys. 

9. Linteria. 


cont Go ou 


10. Cryptophthalmus. 

11. Phanerophthalmus. 

12. Sormetus. 

13. Philine. 

16. Chelidonura. 

14, 15,17. omitted, to make room for 


the following, subsequently 
met with. 


18. Lobiger Philippii. 


1 


9. Lophocercus Sieboldii. 
Puate CXX. 


SHELLS OF SUB-GENUS Budlina. 


1. B. scabra, 1. 
2. — lineata, 2. 
3. — Bruguieri, 3. 


33 


34. 


SUB-GENUS Aplustrum. 
Tig. 
4-6. B. Thalassiarchi, 4. 
7. — Gouldii, 5. 
8. — debilis, 6. 
SUB-GENUS LHydatina. 
9-11. B. physis, 7. 
12-14. — vexillum, 8. 
15, 16. — nitidula, 9. 
17, 18. — albocincta, 10. 
SUB-GENUS Utriculus. 
19. B. pertenuis, 27. 
20. — obtusa, 28. 
21. — pellucida, 29. 
22. — Cecillii, 30. 
23. — Borneensis, 31. 
Prate CXXI. 
SUB-GENUS Tornatina. 
24. B. voluta, 11. 
25. — canaliculata, 12. 
26. — mammillata, 13. 
27. — truncata, 14. 
28. — turrita, 15. 
29. — obstricta, 16. 
30. — pusilla, 17. 
31. — coarctata, 18. 
32. — planospira, 19. 


. — biplex, 20. 
— olivula, 21. 


Kg. | Fig. 
35. B. cinctella, 22. | 70. B. media, 47. 
36. — gracilis, 23. 71. — Quoyii, 48. 
37. — fusiformis, 24. 72, 73. — occidentalis, 49. 
38. — simplex, 25. 74. — oblonga, 50. 
39. — polita, 26. 75. — cruentata, 51. 


76. — rufolabris, 52. 
77. — punctulata,* 53. 
. — aspersa, 54. 

79, 80. — nebulosa, 55. 


SUB-GENUS Akera. 
40. B. soluta, 32. 
41. — bullata, 33. 
43. — subangulata, 34. 


~_ 
co 


44, — bicincta, 35. | PuatTe CXXIV. 
45. — tenuis, 36. SUB-GENUS Haminea. 
46, — Hanleyi, 37. | 81, 82. B. hydatis, 56. 
| . 

SUB-GENUS Scaphander. | 83. — Veen? 57. 
47. B. lignaria, 38. Ji insculpta, 58. 
48. — vestita, 39. | 85. — Oryza, 59. 
49. — lineolata, 4.0. | 86. — Natalensis, 60. 
50. — puncto-striata, 41. 87-89. — Guildingui, 61. 


90. — cymbalum, 62. 


51. — pectinata, 42. : 
91. — pemphis, 63. 


SUB-GENUS Linteria. 92. — elegans, 64. 
52. B. viridis, 125. 93. — brevis, 65. 
53. — glauca, 126. 94, — fusca, 66. 
54. — minor, 127. 95. — constricta, 67. 
55. — Algire, 128. | 96. — glabra, 68. 
sUB-GENUS Cryptophthalmus. | 97. — ambigua, 69. 
56. B. olivacea, 129. | 98. — Sinensis, 70. 
99, — flavescens, 71. 


suB-GENUS Lodiger. 


monet 100. — curta, 72. 
57. — Philippi, 130. ars 


101. — papyrus, 73. 


BU | 102. — vitreea, 74. 
Prate CXXII. | 103. — tenera, 75. 
suB-cENuS Bulla. 104. — tenella, 76. 
»9-62. B. ampulla, 43. | 105. — rotundata, 77. 
63. — amygdalus, 44. | 106. — succinea, 78. 
64-66. —— australis, 45. _ 106 a. — eastanca, 78 a. 
Piate CXXIII. | SUB-GENUS A/ys. 
69. B. Adansonu, 46. | 107-9. B. naucum, 79. 


* Printed in the text “ punetata,” by error. 


605 


Vig. | Fig. - 
110. B. ferruginosa, 80. | 141. B. strigilla, 109 
111. — ovoidea, 81. 142, -- concinna, 110 
112, 113. — solida, 82. 143. — biplicata, 111. 
PrAage COCKY, 144. —— brevissima, 112. 


145. — marmorata, 113. 
146. — concentrica, 114. 
147. — decussata, 115. 


114. — cylindrica, 83. 
115. — Cranchii, 84. 
116. -— succisa, 85. 


117. —- truncatula, 86. os ye ae 
149. — pyramidata, 117. 
118. — ovulata, 87. 150) = premeeeals 
see pea ay fey Seaneoinise tia: 
120. — tortuosa, 89. . air 
121. — elongata, 90. SUB-GENUS Volvula. 
122. — speciosa, 91. 152. — acuminata, 120. 
123. — monodonta, 92. 153. -- angustata, 121. 
124. — dentifera, 93. 154. — rostrata, 122. 
125. — nonscripta, 94. 155. — eburnea, 1238. 
126. — alicula, 95. 156. — striatula, 124. 


127. — nitida, 96. 


pee SUB-GENUS Phanerophthalmus. 
128. — pyriformis, 97. 


129. — exigua, 98. 157, 158. B. lutea, 132. 

130. — parvula, 99. SUB-GENUS Philine. 
131. — hordacea, 100. 159. B. quadripartita, 133. 
SUB-GENUS Cylichna. 160. — Schreteri, 134. 

132. B. cylindracea, 101. as ND Loy 
133, 134. — arachis, 102. Ey aes 
135. — Sarsii, 103. remain tases 
136. — occulta, 104. sii ae cieoie Saus 
Tey emesis 166. — Coreanica, 139. 
138. — corticata, 106. SUB-GENUS Chelidonura. 
139. — triticea, 107. | 167, 168. — hirundanina, 140. 
140. — umbilicata, 108. | 169. — (Akera) tumida, 37 a. 


606 


ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


acuminata, Brag., sp. 120, f. 152. 
Akera, v. bullata, 33. 

alba, Brown, 105, f. 137. 
albicita, not identified. 
albocincta, Hoeven, 10, f. 17, 18. 
Algiree, Adams, 128, f. 55. 
alicula, Ehrenberg, 95, f. 126. 
Adansonii, Philippi, 46, f. 69. 
ambigua, Adams, 69, f. 97. 
amplustre, v. vexillum, 8. 
amplustre, v. Thalassiarchi, 4. 
ampulla, Zinn., 43, f. 59-62. 
amygdalus, Lister, 44, f. 63. 
aperta, v. Schreeteri, 134. 
arachis, Quoy, 102, f. 134. 
aspersa, Adams, 54, f. 78. 
angustata, ddams, 121, f. 153. 
angustata, Vv. pectinata, 42. 
australis, Quoy, 45, f. 64-66. 
bacillus, not. identified. 
bicineta, Quoy, 35, f. 44. 
biplex, Adams, 20, f. 33. 
biphicata, Adams, 111, f. 143. 
bizonia, Adams, 116, f. 148. 
Borneensis, 4dams, 31, f. 23. 
brevissima, Adams, 112, f. 144. 
brevis, Quoy, 65, f. 93. 
Bruguieri, 4dams, 3, f. 3. 
bullata, Miller, 33, f. 41. 
calyculata, v. viridis, 125. 
canaliculata, Say, 12, f. 25. 
castanea, Adams, 78 a, f. 106 a. 
catena, Montagu, 137, f. 163. 
catenatus, v. pectinata, 42. 
catenulifera, v. catena, 137. 
Cecillii, Philippi, 30, f. 22. 
Ceylanica, v. soluta, 30. 
cinctella, Adams, 22, f. 35. 


coarctata, Adams, 18, f. 31. 
concinna, Adams, 110, f. 142. 
concentrica, Adams, 114, f. 146 
constricta, 4dams, 67, f. 95. 
convoluta, v. cylindracea, 101. 
Coreanica, Adams, 139, f. 166. 
cornea, Vv. hydatis, 56. 
corticata, A/é/ler, 106, f. 138. 
Cranchii, Leach, 84, f. 115. 
cruentata, ddams, 51, f.'75. 
Cumingil, Adams, 131, f. 58. 
curta, Adams, 72, f. 100. 
eylindracea, Pennant, 101, f. 132. 
cylindrica, Hellings, 83, f. 114. 
cylindrica, v. alicula, 95. 
cymbalum, Quoy, 62, f. 90. 
debilis, Gould, 6, f. 8. 
decussata, Adams, 115, f. 147. 
denticulata, v. pectinata, 42. 
dentifera, Adams, 93, f. 124. 
diaphana, not identified. 
eburnea, Adams, 123, f. 155. 
elegans, Gray, 64, f. 92. 
elongata, Adams, 90, f. 121. 
exigua, ddams, 98, f. 129. 
Jasciata, v. vexillum, 8. 
JSasciatum, v. Thalassiarchi, 4. 
ferruginosa, Chemn., 80, f. 110. 
Ferussacii, v. nitidula, 9. 
jilosa, v. physis, 7. 

flavescens, Adams, 7, f. 99. 
flexilis, v. soluta, 30. 

Jragilis, v. bullata, 31. 

fusca, Adams, 66, f. 94. 
fusiformis, Adams, 24, f. 37. 
glabra, Adams, 68, f. 96. 
glauca, Quoy, 126, f. 53. 
globosus, not identified. 


Gouldii, Cowrthouy, 5, f. 7. 
gracilis, Adams, 23, f. 36. 
granulosa, v. catena, 137. 


Guildingii, Swains., 61, f. 87-89. 


Hanleyi, Addams, 37, f. 46. 
hiemalis, Cowrthouy, 88, f.119. 


hirundanina, Quoy, 140, f. 167, 168. 


hordacea, Adams, 100, f. 131. 
hyalina, Vv. hydatis, 56. 
hydatis, Linn., 56, f. 81, 82. 
insculpta, Totten, 58, f. 84. 
intermedia, v. Cranchii, 84. 
involuta, Adams, 119, f. 151. 
librarius, not identified. 
lignaria, Linn., 38, f. 47. 
lineata, Wood, 2, f. 2. 
lineolata, Courthouy, 40, f. 49. 
lutea, Quoy, 132, f. 157, 158. 


mammillata, Philippi, 13, f. 26. 
marmorata, 4dams, 113, f. 145. 


media, Philippi, 47, f. 70. 
mica, not identified. 

minor, Adams, 127, f. 54. 
monodonta, Adams, 92, f. 123. 
multistriata, v. amygdalus, 44. 
Natalensis, Avaus, 60, f. 86. 


naucum, Linn., 79, f. 107-109. 


navicula, v. hydatis, 56. 
nebulosa, Gould, 55, f. 79, 80. 
nitida, ddams, 96, f. 127. 
nitidula, not identified. 
nitidula, Lister, 9, f. 15,16. 
nonscripta, Adams, 94, f. 125. 
Norvegica, v. bullata, 33. 
oblonga, Adams, 50, f. 74. 
obstructa, Gould, 16, f. 29. 
obtusa, Turton, 28, f. 20. 


occidentalis, Adams, 49, f. 72, 73. 


oceulta, Mighels, 104, f. 136. 
oliva, v. cylindracea, 101. 


607 


| olivacea, Hhrenberg, 129, f. 56. 


olivula, ddams, 21, f. 34. 

oryza, Totten, 59, f. 85. 

ovoidea, Quoy, 81, f. 111. 
ovulata, Broch., 87, f. 118. 
papyrus, ddams, 73, f. 101. 
parvula, ddams, 99, f. 130. 
pectinata, Miller, 42, f. 51. 
pellucida, Brown, 29, f. 21. 
pellucida, v. hyalina, 29. 
pemphis, Philippi, 63, f. 91. 
perforata, v. elegans, 64, 
pertenuis, Mighels, 27, f.19. 
Philippi, Avohn, 130, f. 137. 
physis, Linn., 7, f. 9-11. 
planospira, Adams, 19, f. 32. 
polita, Adams, 26, f. 39. 
pruinosa, Clark, 136, f. 162. 
pulchella, v. 'Thalassiarchi, 4. 
pulvisulcus, not identified. 
punctulata,* Adams, 53, f.77. 
punctata, ddams, 135, f.161. 
puncto-striata, Mighels, 41, f. 50. 
pusilla, Pfeifer, 17, f. 30. 
pygmea, Addams, 118, f. 150. 
pyramidata, Adams, 117, f. 149. 
pyriformis, Adams, 97, f. 128. 
quadripartita, Ascanius, 133, f. 159. 
quadriloba, v. quadripartita, 133. 
Quoyii, Gray, 48, f. 71. 
resiliens, V. soluta, 30. 

rostrata, ddams, 122, f. 154. 
rotundata, Adams, 77, f.105. 
rufolabris, 4dams, 52, f. 76. 
Sarsii, Philippi, 103, f. 135. 
scabra, Vv. catena, 137. 

scabra, Chemn., 1, f. 1. 
Schreeteri, Philippi, 134, f. 160. 
scutulum, Lovén, 138, f. 164. 
semisulcata, v. truncata, 14. 


* Printed in the text “ punctata,” by error. 


simplex, Adams, 25, f. 38. 
Sinensis, 4dams, 70, f. 98. 
smaragdina, v. olivacea, 129. 
solida, Brug., 82, f. 112, 118. 
soluta parva, v. bullata, 31. 
soluta, Chemn., 32, f. 40. 
speciosa, Adams, 91, f. 122. 
striatula, 4dams, 124, f. 156. 
striata, v. media, 47. 

striata, v. Adansonii, 46. 
strigella, Lovéw, 109, f. 141. 
subangulata, Moller, 34, f. 43. 
succinea, Conrad, 78, f. 106. 
succisa, Hhrenberg, 85, f. 116. 
tenella, 4dams, 16, f. 104. 
tenera, Adams, 75, f. 103. 
tenuis, Adams, 36, f. 45. 


Thalassiarchi, Martini, 4, f. 4-6. 


608 


tortuosa, Adams, 89, f. 120. 
triticea, Courthouy, 107, f. 139. 
truncatula, Brug., 86, f. 117. 
tumida, 4dams, 37 a, f. 169. 
turrita, Moll., 15, £. 28. 
truncata, 4dams, 14, f. 27. 
umbilicata, Montagu, 108, f. 140. 
umbilicata, v. truncatula, 86. 
undata, v. lineata, 2. 

utriculus, v. Cranchii, 84. 
velum, Vv. vexillum, 8. 

vestita, Philippi, 39, f. 48. 
vexillum, Chemn., 8, f. 12-14. 
virescens, Sowerby, 57, f. 83. 
viridis, Rang, 125, f. 52. 
vitreea, ddams, 74, f. 102. 
voluta, Quoy, 11, f. 24. 

conata, v. catena, 137. 


MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS 


MEROE. 


Fam. Veneride. 


Char. Gen. Testa equivalva, ineequilatera, subovali-cuneiformis, 
levis, solida, epidermide tenui induta, posticé subangulata, anticé 
rotundata; margine ventrali interné denticulato; ligamento in 
aream enon inserto; lunuldi anticd distinctA, ane gati, im- 
pressi; cardine dentibus tribus cardinalibus et uno “elongato 
laterali antico in utraque valvi; impressionibus muscularibus 
duabus lateralibus ; impressione pallii sinu rotundato. 

The deep excavation of the hinder part of the dorsal edge, in 
which the ligament is placed, and the obtuse wedge-like form, 
seems to separate this genus quite naturally from Cytherea. 


1. Meroz pica (pl. exxvi. f. 1, 2), Schum. Venus Meroe, 
linneus. Donax Meroe, Lamarck. 


M. test&é omnino planulatim costata, antice elongata, postice 
angulo subacuto; colore intts violaceo, extus purpureo, vel lineis 
acutangularibus purpureis ornato. 

Flatly ribbed all over, the hinder side the shorter ; angle of the 
outline rather acute; the ventral edge not particularly bulged ; 
variable in colour, generally with broad purple angular lines on a 
pale ground. 

Philippines. J/. Cuming. 


2. Meroz Ervossa (pl. exxvi. f.11, 12). Hanley, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. 1832; Recent Shells, p. 199; Wood’s Supplement, pl. 15. 
f. 18. 


M. testé omnino costis elevatis rotundatis cincti, anticé brevius- 
cula, rotundatim angustata, posticé angulo obtuso ; colore pallido, 
lineis fuscis angulatim scripto, intus albido, versus apicem roseo 
tincto. 

In this species the ribs are rounded and elevated, the anterior 

4K 


610 


side is rather the shorter, the angle of the posterior side is obtuse. 
Colour pale brownish, with brown angular markings: it also 
occurs white. 

Pasacao Bay, Philippmes. Cuming. 


3. Mrroz spminupa (pl. exxvi. f. 15), Phidippi, Abbild. 
Cyth. t. ix. f. 8. An var. C. Birmanica, Anton? 


M. testa ad umbones et posticé costis subplanulatis cincta, 
subtumida, subeequilatera, postice subrotundaté ; margine ventrali 
rotundo; colore pallidissimé fulvo, maculis angularibus fuscis picto. 

Ribbed only at the umbones, and a little beyond the posterior 
half of the shell, which is coloured with broad angular brown 
markings on a very pale ground. More equilateral than the pre- 
ceding, with the posterior angle and ventral edge rounded. 

Moluccas. Cuming. 


4. Murox soripra (pl. cxxvi. f. 3, 4, 5, 6,7, 8). Venus 
scripta, Linneus. Donax scripta, Lamarck. 


M. testa levigata, anticé subelongataé, postice angulo subacuto, 
intts violaced, extis lineis acutangularibus scripta, variat purpurea, 
immaculaté; vel alba, vel aurantid, fusca, seripta. 

In shape and variations of colour like JZ. picta, from which it 
differs in having no ribs. 

Indian Ocean. Lamarck. 


5. Meroz excavata (pl. exxvi. f. 18, 14), Hanley, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1842; Recent Shells, p. 109. pl. 15. f. 19. 


M. testa levigata, subrotundata, lata, antic brevi, angusta, 
postice expansi; margine dorsali elevato, angulo obtuso ; Margine 
ventrali rotundato ; colore violaceo vel pallid’ fulvo, ‘purptreo 
interruptim radiato. 

Broader and rounder than J/. seripta, with the anterior small 
in proportion to the posterior side, which is broad, with the dorsal 
margin elevated, the angle obtuse, and the ventral margin much 
bulged. 

Japan. 


6. Murog susquaprata (pl. cxxvi. f. 9), Sowerby, jun. 


M. testa levigati, posticé subquadrati, anticé brevi, angusta, 
margine ventrali subrotundata ; colore pallidé fulvo, fusco radiatim 
maculato. 


611 


The anterior side is short and narrow. ‘The shell differs from 
M. excavata, Hanley, in the squareness of the posterior side, and 
the length and elevation of the posterior dorsal edge. The ventral 
edge is not so much bulged. dus. Cuming and Sowerby. 


7. Meroz Soranprt (pl. exxvi. f. 10), Gray, Ann. Phil. 
Wood, Suppl. pl. 2. f. 11. 


M. testi levigatd, tumidd, subaequilaterali, subovali; margine 
ventrali rotundato ; colore albo, maculis fasciisque fuscis angulatim 
scripto. 

Shell smooth, tumid, and more oval than any of the rest; and 
nearly equilateral. 

China. 


LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATE CXXVI. 


Fig. 1, 2. M. picta, Sp. 1. 
3-8. — scripta, 4. 
9. — subquadrata, 6. 
10. — Solandri, 7. 
11, 12. — effossa, 2. 
13, 14. — excavata, 5. 
15. — seminuda, 3. 


MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS 


CYTHERAA, 


Fam. Veneride. 


Char. Gen. Testa equivalvis, ineequilatera, plerumque ovalis ; 
impressionibus muscularibus duabus, subreniformibus ; _ pallii 
impressione plerumque posticé plus minus sinuatd; ligamento 
externo; lunuld plerumque impressi; cardine dentibus duobus 


612 


aut tribus cardimalibus, uno sublaterali, plerumque approximo ; 
epidermide tenui. 

The Cytheree are distinguished from the Veneres by the cha- 
racter of the hinge, there being a short lateral tooth generally 
close to, but distinct from, the cardinal teeth. In the section of 
Veneres named Dosina by some authors, there is a rudimentary 
indication of this character, enough to show the uncertainty of 
our artificial classifications, but not enough to invalidate the pre- 
sent genus as a useful division. After removing the genus Meroe 
on the one hand, and Circe and Artemis on the other, we can see 
no practical utility in other generic divisions which have been 
proposed for the shells now to be described. 


1. Cyruer@a CrassaTettores (pl. exxvu. f. 1, 2, 3), 
Trigona Crassatelloides, Conrad, Ann. Nat. Sc. Phil. vol. vii. 
p- 253. t. 19. f..17. Test. jumior, Trigona stultorum ? Gray in 
Analyst, 1838. Hanley, Sp. Shells, p.105. Wood, Sup. t. 2. f. 2. 


Cyth. testé subtrigona, crass, subsequilatera, obliqui; cardine 
et ligamento magnis; margine laterali postico, obliquo, sub- 
elongato, margine ventrali prope angulum posticum subarcuato ; 
colore pallido, radiis fuscis violascentibus, vel griseo-fuscescente ; 
epidermide pallidé fulva, vitred. 

Shell very thick, with large hinge and ligament; obliquely 
shaped, although nearly equilateral; umbones prominent, ventral 
outline rather swollen near the posterior angle, which is not very 
decided or sudden; colour pale, with rays of brown or purplish ; 
epidermis pale greenish-yellow, glassy, and smooth; the teeth and 
muscular impressions marked with purplish-brown. The younger 
specimens are probably identical with the C. studtorum, figured in 
Wood’s Index. 

California. Mus. Cuming, Gubba, §e. 


2. Cyraerma puta (pl. cxxvi. f. 4), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. testa C. Crassatelloidi simillima, sed magis angulari et 
recta; margine ventrale prope angulum posticum rectiusculo. 

Our figure of this shell is taken from a drawing made long ago ; 
but we have no idea in what collection the shell is to be found, or 
from what locality it comes. Mr. Cuming has a shell something 
like it, but not absolutely identical with it, from China. The 
species appears much less oblique than C. Crassatelloides, and 
more angular posteriorly. 


613 


3. Cyrueraa vireinea (pl. exxvil. f. 5), Adams, Voy. 
Samarang, Moll. p. 78. 


Cyth. testi oblong’, subtriangulari, subaquivalvi, crassa, 
cinerascente-albi, epidermide vitred induta, radiatim obscurissime 
fasciatd ; latere postico subcoarctato, subviolaceo, lined impresso. 

Some of the young rayless specimens of C. Crassatelloides pre- 
sent a general resemblance to this shell, which, however, may be 
distinguished by the contraction of the posterior side. 

Moluccas. 


4, Cyruer#a Damaorpss (pl. exxvil. f. 7, 8, 9), Gray; 
Wood, Suppl. Venus, f. 17. C. ponderosa, Koch, Abbild. und 
Besch. Conch. pl. 1. f. 1. 


Cyth. testé subtrigond, crassi, levigata, alté, subcompressi ; 
umbonibus, cardine et ligamento magnis; margine postico brevi- 
usculo, subplanulato, subangulato ; lunulé elongata, subdistincta ; 
nargine ventrali anticé rotundato, posticé prope angulum paululim 
contracto; colore pallido, fasciis radiantibus rubescentibus, vel 
fuscis, vel nullis, ad angulum posticum purpureo unifasciato, 
inttis albo. 

Shell very thick when fully grown, pale, smooth, with radiating 
bands of purple or brown, with one darker and broader on the 
posterior angle; umbones elevated, rather tumid, slightly leaning 
towards the hinder side, which is flattened and rather short ; 
ventral edge swollen anteriorly, and slightly contracted towards 
the posterior angle. The hinge is very broad and thick, the 
ligament large, lateral tooth distant, and interior of the shell 
pearly white. 


Red Sea. 
5. CYTHERMA VENTRICOSA (pl. cxxvu. f. 6), MS., Brit. Mus. 


Cyth. testa subtrigond, inflata, altissimd, levi; latere postico 
laté angulato et complanato, latere antico subincurvato; margine 
ventrali anticé subrotundato ; lunula cordiformi, margine impress ; 
colore pallido, fusco fasciatim scripto. 

Shell very ventricose, as deep as long, smooth, with pale angular 
markings arranged in irregular concentric bands; the umbones 
leaning towards the anterior side; hinder side angulated, with a 
broad flattened space; lunule heart-shaped, defined at the edge. 
Mr. Cuming’s specimen, which we have figured, is more remark- 
able in form than those of the British Museum. 

China. 


614 


6. Cyrueraa tRIPLA (pl. cxxvii. f. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22), 
fnnn., Mantis, p. 545; Lamarck, no. 12; Chemn. f. 330, 331. 


Cyth. testi trigond, crassi, alta, pallidé fulvA vel aurantiaca, 
nonnunquam fascis violaceis radiata, intis plerumque purpurea ; 
margine ventrali subrecté, lateribus excavatis ; ared posticd angu- 
lati, magni, cordiformi; area antici magna, subangulaté ; lunuld 
distincta, 

Shell trigonal, thick, deeper than long, of a pale buff or orange- 
colour, sometimes rayed with purple bands, sometimes deep purple 
within. ‘There is a peculiar swell in the disc of the shell near the 
umbones, then the angle is contracted, and again spreads broadly 
at the ventral margin. Both sides present large cordiform areas, 
and the lunule is defined by an impressed line. The spreading of 
the ventral margin does not take place till the shell is full grown. 

Senegal. 


7. CyTHER@A corpicuLa (pl. exxvii. f. 37, 38, 39), La- 
marck, Anim. s. vert., sp. 11. 


Cyth. testé ventricosd, alt’, subtrigond; latere antico subro- 
tundato, latere postico subcoarctato; umbonibus magnis, sub- 
centralibus; colore pallidé luteo, fascis castaneis radiato, vel 
omnino castaneo, intis albo. 

Shell very ventricose, trigonal, with large umbones, and nearly 
as high as broad; the hinder side almost narrowed to a point, the 
front side round. The specimens (f. 39) from California, in 
My. Sowerby’s collection, are pale, with dull-brown rays and dull- 
brown epidermis. The specimen (f. 38) in Mr. Gubba’s collec- 
tion has the rays much brighter. Mr. Cuming has one of a 
chestnut-colour all over. 


Island of Margarita, West Indies. 


8. Cyruerama Hinopsir (pl. exxvin. f. 27), Hanley, Sp. of 
Shells. Wood, Suppl. pl. 15. f. 35. 


Cyth. testa C. radiate simili, sed altiore ; latere postico brevi- 
usculo; umbonibus inflatis; lunulé et ared posticd latis, indis- 
tinctis, fascia castane’ circumscriptis ; colore pallidé fulvo, fusco 
fasciato et angulatim lineato ; epidermide velutina. 

Shell shorter and more inflated than either C. corbicula or 
C. radiata, the hinder side much shorter than in the former. 
Instead of a smooth greenish-brown epidermis, it has a velvety 
coating, as in C. argentina. 

The specimen figured is from Guayaquil Bay. Dus. Cuming. 


615 


9. CyrHeraa raprata (pl. cxxvii. f. 28, 29, 30, 31), G. B. 
Sowerby, Zool. Proc. 1885. p. 28. 


Cyth. test&i subtrigond, subsequilaterd, gibbosi, pallescente- 
brunneo radiatéi et undulatim picti, levi, epidermide cornea 
crassiusculi plus minus induté; lateribus antico posticoque ven- 
trem versus rotundatis ; margine ventrali rectiusculo, intts levi. 

The ventral edge is nearly straight, and the sides somewhat 
squared; the broad rays of colour have undulating markings be- 
tween them. In these respects, as well as in being rather less 
ventricose, C. radiata differs from C. corbicula. 

Salango and Xipixapi, West Columbia; sandy mud, five fa- 
thoms. Cuming. 


10. CyrHer@A GRACILIOR (pl. exxvi. f. 32), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. testa albé, C. radiate simili, sed magis elongata, latere 
postico subattenuato. 

A white shell, much more elongated than C. radiata, with the 
posterior side obliquely drawn out; an impressed line on the ante- 
rior surface defines the lunule. 

Locality unknown. Specimen kindly furnished by Mr. Hanley. 


11. CyrHer#a Macrrormes (pl. exxvii. f. 36), Diddwyn, 
p. 178. Chemn. f. 330, 331. Lamarck, no. 27? 


Cyth. testé ovali-subtrigona, fasciis castaneis radiata, solida, 
levi; margine ventrali subrotundé; lateribus breviusculis, postico 
rotundatim subangulato ; ared cardinali postic’ cordiformi, cas- 
tanei; lunulé indistincté, prope umbones rubra, tim albo uni- 
fasciata. 

Shell more evenly oval than either C. corbicula or C. radiata, 
with the sides shorter, and the whole shell longer in proportion to 
its height; the chestnut rays are broader than the intermediate 
whites; the hinge area is reddish-brown near the umbones, with 
a white broad band enclosing the brown. 


Probably from the West Indies. 


12. CyTHERaA INTERMEDIA (pl. exxvii. f.35), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. test& ovali-subtrigond, albi, subecquilatera, levi, com- 
pressi; margine ventrali rectiusculo; latere postico subangulato. 
A white, trigonal, rather compressed shell, neither so high nor 
so tumid as C. radiata, and having the ventral margin more 
straight, and the hinder side more squared, than in C. depressa. 
California. Cuming. 


616 


13. Cyrner&®a COMPREsSA (pl. cxxviil. f.33,34), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. testi ovali-subtrigond, alba, vel fasciis rubescentibus 
varié radiata, crassi, laevi, compress’ ; margine ventrali subrotun- 
dato, prope angulum posticum subcontracto. 

Shell shaped hke C. Mactroides, but much more compressed. 
It is nearly equilateral, and the outline of the ventral margin is 
slightly contracted near the posterior angle. 

The variety with waved lines between the rays is from the 
Cape of Good Hope ; this, and the specimen (fig. 33) of a general 
brown tint, belong to Mr. Hanley. 


14. CyrHeraa NiTIDULA (pl.cxxvui. f.25), Lamarck, Anim. 
s. vert. no. 21. 


Cyth. “testi ovato-elliptica, laevigata, fulvo-rubente ; cingulis 
subduabus spadiceo-maculatis ; natibus albidis.”—Zamarck.. 

Shell resembling the last, but deeper, larger, and more oval. 
It is coloured by clouded reddish-brown rays, which at the sides 
branch out into oblique lines. 

Locality uncertain. 


15. Cyrner#a tineata (pl. exxvui. f. 26), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. testé trigond, subventricosa, equilatera, tenui, levigata, 
subcinered, posticé angulatim trilineata, anticé unipunctata, itis 
ad latera purpured ; margine ventrali subrecto, lateribus sub- 
rotundatis ; umbonibus parvulis, lateribus ceeruleis; lunulé sub- 
angustatd; lined impressd circumscripta. 

Shell trigonal, longer than high, equilateral, rather thin, 
smooth, of a pale ashy-buff colour, with three sharply angulated 
lines at the posterior side, and a spot at the anterior side; both 
sides strongly marked with purple inside. The umbones are small, 
with little dashes of blue at the sides; the lunule is defined. 
This shell is related to the three or four preceding, but by the 
above characters easily distinguished. The specimen figured, 
from the collection of Mr. Hanley, is, as far as we know, unique. 


16. Cyrueraa Hanteyana (pl. exxvui. f. 23, 24), Sowerby, 
june 


Cyth. testé subovali-trigond, subobliqua, inaquilatera, tenui, 
levi, pallidissimé grisea, fasctis interruptis radiatis fuscis et ad 
latus posticum maculé und distincté picté; latere postico sub- 
elongato ; umbonibus parvulis, ceruleis ; lunula indistincta. 


617 


Shell of a subovate trigonal form, thin, smooth, the hinder 
side longer than the front; the umbones bluish and small. Colour 
pale ashy-buff, with one strong spot of brown near the hinder 
angle, and, in one specimen, a number of interrupted brown rays. 

Of the two specimens in the collection of Mr. Hanley, the 
locality is unknown. 


17. CyTHER@®A TRIGONELLA (pl. cxxvin. f. 16), Lamarck, 
Anim. s. vert. no. 28. Trigona angulifera, Gray, in Analyst, 1838. 


Cyth. “testa trigond, subzequilatera, depressi, pallide fulva ; 
radius albis, raris; ano lanceolato.”’—Lamarch. 

The specimen figured is very much like that m Delessert (t. 8. 
f.3); and this is the only means of identification, as the above 
description would apply to several. It is oblong, trigonal, almost 
transparent, nearly equilateral; at the hinder side it is rather 
squared and has a dark brown band. ‘There is a red softened 
spot on either side of the umbones, which are small, and the body 
of the shell is variously coloured with pale rays and several zig- 
zag brown markings. 


West Indies. 


18. Cyrneraa incerta (pl. exxvii. f.17), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. testa alba, levi, ventricosi, ovali-subtrigond ; umbonibus 
parvulis, utrimque rubro-tinctis ; lineis pallidis, fulvis, angulatis, 
sparsis. 

A small, white, ovate-subtrigonal shell, resembling C. trigonella, 
but more obese and thick, and not so decidedly oval. 

St. John’s; J. Hartweg. We have only seen the specimen in 
Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


19. Cyruerma Bricotor (pl. exxvu. f. 10, 11), Gray, nm 
Analyst. Hanley, Sp. of Shells. Wood, Suppl. pl. 15. f. 16. 


Cyth. testi trigond, angulata, albi, post angulum castaned, 
alta, compressa; lateribus et margine ventrali rectis ; latere pos- 
tico subelongato, acutiusculo; lunuld elongata, distinct; um- 
bonibus acutis. 

A white shell, with a dark brown mark behind the angle, rather 
compressed, and nearly approaching an equilateral triangle in 
form, the hinder side being a little longer and more acute. 

The brown specimen is from the Red Sea, in Mr. Cuming’s 
collection. 

Senegal. 

4.1 


615 


20. CyTHERMA PLANULATA (pl. exxvu. f. 13), Broderip, Zool. 
Journ. vol. v. p. 48. Donax Lessoni ? Deshayes, Kine. Méth. vers. 
p.99. C.planulata, var. suffusa, Sowerby, Zool.Proc. 1835. p.45. 

Cyth. testi trigond, depressiusculé, subsquilaterali; angulis 
inferioribus rotundatis ; pallidé flavicante, radiis numerosis fusces- 
centibus ; inti albida, fusco-violaceo varii; dente postico remoto. 

Shell triangular, depressed, not quite equilateral (the hinder 
side being the shorter), white, with a thin epidermis, radiated 
with brown stripes of various width, purple at the apex and also 
within at the sides and about the hinge; near the hinder angle 
there is a sinuous opening between the valves. 

The variety described im the Zoological Proceedings presents 
a slight difference in form, and has the rays more spread. 

Panama. Cuming. 


21. CyrHeraa unpuLata (pl. cxxvi. f.12), Sowerby, jun. 
C. planulata, Sowerby, Beechy Voy. Zool. t. 43. f. 6. 


Cyth. testi C. planulate simili, sed altiore, solidiore ; radiis 
interruptis, transvers¢ undulatis ; latere postico clauso; lunuld 
lanceolata, distincta. 

Shell less elongated, more equally triangular, and more solid 
than C. planulata, with the hinder side closed, or nearly so, and 
paited with a defined broad ray of purplish-brown ; the rays on 
the surface are composed of beautifully undulated cross bands ; 
the lunule is long and distinct; the purple patches within well 
defined and brilliant. Umbones white. 

Salango, West Columbia; sandy mud, nine fathoms. Cuming. 


22. CyrHerma poxita (pl. exxvu. f: 14), Sowerby, jun. 

Cyth. testa trigon’, depressi, politd, postice angulati, pallidé 
fulvi, cinerascente, distanter radiatim fulvo fasciaté, ad umbones 
angulatim lineata, intts alb’; cardine, lateribus et margine 
purpureo tinctis ; latere postico ad basin subacuto, latere antico 
rotundato ; lunulé parva, distincta, subinflata. 

A more smooth and solid shell than C. planulata or C. undulata ; 
not squared, but angulated at the posterior termination of the 
lower margin; colour pale brown, with here and there a tint of 
blue, and three or four brown rays; umbones small, with very 
delicate fluctuating lines; inner surface white, tinted at the hinge, 
the posterior side, and about the pallial impression with clouded 
purple. 

Mr. Hanley has kindly furnished the only specimen we have 
seen of this shell. 


619 


23. Cyrupraa DouaBexa (pl. exxvu. f. 15), Sowerby, yun. 


Cyth. testé trigond, solidi, alta, pallida, levigati, epidermide 
fuscé indutd ; latere postico angulato, subexcavato, ad basin sub- 
rostrato; latere antico rotundato; lunuld parva, distincté; mar- 
gine ventrali subarcuato ; umbonibus acutis. 

A pale trigonal shell, with a dark brown epidermis ; the ventral 
margin and lower part of the anterior side rounded, the posterior 
angle prominent and acute. 


Red Sea. Mus. Cuming. 


24, CYTHEREA MERETRIX (pl. exxix. f. 48, 49, 50), Linn. 
Syst. Nat. Lamarck, Anim, s. vert. Cyth. no. 6. 

Cyth. testi ponderosa, ovali-subtrigond, levi, alba, postice 
ceruled, prope umbones vel omnino angulatim fusco-maculato ; 
margine ventrali subinflato; latere postico vix angulato, sub- 
elongato, ad terminum subacuto ; lunulé magni, indistincta ; iga- 
mento magno. 

Lamarck has separated this and the followmg member of the 
same group upon the mere ground of variations in colour. I 
am inclined to think that such distinctions are untenable, and am 
almost persuaded that this species and the eight following might 
be united under one name, seeing that they pass imperceptibly 
into each other, and that in a young state it is almost impossible 
to distinguish them. As, however, such extensive recombinations 
would hardly be consistent with the usual course of nomenclature, 
I have endeavoured, from a number of specimens, to arrange a 
series of variations in form, and have applied to them the same 
names which Lamarck attached to variations in colour. This species 
has an oval form, rather lengthened and angular at the posterior 
side, while the ventral edge is rounded. It is generally white, 
with a broad purplish posterior area, and a few angular markings 
near the umbones, or, as in fig. 5, nearly all over the shell. The 
latter is in Mr. Cuming’s collection, and is from China. 


25. CYTHERDA EELECHLALIS (pl. cxxix. f. 51, 52), Lamarck, 
Anim. s. vert. Cyth. no. 2. Var. C. graphica, Lamarck, no. 7. 

Cyth. testa C. meretrici simillimi, sed multum altiore ; margine 
rotundissimo ; latere postico rotundatim angulato; colore sub- 
griseo, fusco-rufescente angulatim lineato. 

Shell rounder and higher than C. meretrix ; the ventral margin 
very much rounded ; the lateral angle rather more distinct ; co- 
joured in the same way as C. meretria, but without the purple 
dosterior area. 


620 


_ Japan, Dr. Sibbald. Mus. Cuming. The small variety in 
Mr. Sowerby’s collection (f. 52) is perhaps the C. graphica of 
Lamarck. 


26. CyrHeraa Lusorta (pl. exxvui. f. 40, 41, 42), Lamarck, 
Cyth. no. 1. Var. C. fusca, Koch, Ph. Abbild. t. 3. f.1. 


Cyth. testa C. meretrici simili, sed latere postico magis angu- 
lato; margine ventrali subrecto. 

The ventral edge is straighter, and the lateral hinder angle 
more distinct. Fig. 40 represents the typical variety, having 
chestnut-coloured concentric bands, divided into two rays near 
the umbones; it is in Mr. Cuming’s collection, from the 
Philippines. Fig. 41 is m Mr. Sowerby’s collection, and co- 
loured exactly as the typical variety of C. meretrix; and fig. 42 is 
entirely chestnut-coloured : it is from the collection of Mr. Gubba, 
and well agrees with C. fusca, Koch. All have broad purplish 
bands covering the posterior angle. China. 


27. CyrHER#A MoRPHINA (pl. exxix. f. 59, 60), Lamarck, 
Anim. s. vert. Cyth. no. 8. var. 


Cyth. testa C. meretrict simili, sed lateribus suffusis, lunula 
magis inflaté, marginibus ecrassioribus ; colore pallide fulvo, griseo 
radiatim fasciato. 

Shell thicker, more spreading at the sides, with a rather 
straighter and thicker margin and more tumid lunule than 
C. meretrix; no posterior purple band; the colour pale reddish- 
brown, with greyish rays. 

Fig. 59, China; Jus. Cuming. Fig. 60, Mus. Hanley. 


28. Cyruuraa Formosa (pl. exxix. f. 47), Sowerby, jun. 

Cyth. testa C. meretrict simili, sed magis obliqui et elongata ; 
latere postico elongatiusculo ; colore pallido, fasciis griseis suffuso, 
prope umbones castaneo biradiato. 

This shell is thinner, more oblique, and more elongated, than 
C. meretrix, which it otherwise greatly resembles. The hinder 
part is coloured with grey, which is spread in concentric bands 
towards the fore part; there are also two broad chestnut-coloured 
rays, commencing at the umbones, and interrupted near the centre. 

Locality unknown. Jus. Cuming. 


29. Cyruprma zonaria (pl. exxix. f. 58, 54), Lamarck, 
Anim. s. vert. sp. 5. Var. C. exilis, Chemn. f. 362, 368? 


Cyth. test& leis angulatis fasciatim picta, C. meretricd stmili, 


62) 


sed posticé validé angulati; margine ventrali prope angulum 
paulultim contracto. 

Shell almost trigonal; the posterior side decidedly angular, and 
the ventral margin very slightly contracted near the posterior 
angle. The typical variety is marked with fluctuating angular 
lines arranged in bands. 

Our specimens are both from China, in Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


30. CyrHera#a Impupica (pl. exxix. f. 55, 56, 57, 58). 
Venus, Chemn. f. 347, 348, 350; Lamarck, Cyth. no. 3. Var. 
C. castanea, Lamarck, no. 4. 


Cyth. testi C. meretrici simili, sed magis ventricosa, solidé, et 
rotundata. 

Shell much more ventricose, thick, and rounded, than C. mere- 
tric. One variety is of a pale pink-buff (f. 55); another, the 
same radiated and suffused with grey ; a third has two brown rays ; 
and a fourth, C. castanea, Lamarck, is chestnut all over. 

Fig. 58, Singapore; Mus. Cuming. Fig. 56, 57, Philippines ; 
Cuming. Fig. 55, Mr. Sowerby’s collection. 


31. Cyruerma casta (pl. exxix. f. 43, 44, 46), Gmelin. 
Var. C. brunnea, Chemn.? 


Cyth. testA C. meretrici simili, sed solidiore ; C. impudice simili, 
sed rectiusculd, subsequilater’ ; latere postico subquadrato ; testa 
pallidé, nonnunquam fascii aurantiaci unici prope marginem 
cincta ; epidermide rufescente. 

Shell more straight and square, less oblique and rounded, than 
C. wmpudica; colour pale, with a reddish epidermis. There is one 
variety from Ceylon, which always has an orange band near the 
ventral margin, leaving the remaining space white: Mr. Sowerby 
possesses specimens of this. 


32. CyTHERHA Ovum (pl. cxxix. f. 45), Hanley, Species of 
Shells. 


Cyth. testa C. caste simili, sed magis elongata et ovata. 
Much more elongated and oval than C. casta. 


33. CyrHerma Lyrata (pl. exxix. f. 61), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. testi ovali-subtrigon4, crassi, ventricosi, fulv’ grisescente 
concentricé subundatim sulcata ; latere postico subangulato, fusco ; 
lunula vix distincta. 

This beautiful shell takes the form as the group just coneluded, 


622 


but is characterized by waved, deep-cut, concentric ridges. The 
hinder side is marked with deep brown. 
Jinigaran, Island of Negroes, Philippines. Cuming. 


34. CYTHERHA ARGENTINA (pl. cxxix. f. 62), Sowerby, sen., 
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p. 46. 


Cyth. testé subtrigond, alba, subzequilaterali; latere antico 
pauld breviore, postico subacuminato; margine dorsali postico 
rectiusculo, declivi, ventrali rotundato; epidermide tenui, cornea, 
extis velutind, alba, quasi argentata, induta. 

Shell subtrigonal, white, subequilateral; the anterior side a 
little the shorter, the hinder side rather acuminated; the ventral 
margin rounded; epidermis thin, pale-green, with a velvety, 
silver-like coating over it. 

Gulf of Nocoiya, Central America; sand-banks at low water. 
Cuming. 


35. CyrHER#A NOBILIS (pl. exxx. f. 68), Reeve, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. 1849. 


Cyth. testé crassi, albi, rotundatd, concentricé subundatim 
costata, ventricosi; latere antico brevi, rotundato, latere postico 
unisulcato; margine postico dorsali et ligamento elongatis; lu- 
nula distincta, excavatd ; umbonibus magnis. 

A fine, large, heavy, ribbed, rounded, white shell, with hinder 
dorsal margin and ligament high and long ; lunule excavated, and 
anterior side short; a depressed ridge at the posterior side. 


36. CyrHERzA PuRPURATA (pl. exxx. f.67), Lamarck, Anim. 
s. vert. Cyth. no. 9. C. lubrica, Broderip, Zool. Proc. 1835. 


Cyth. testa nitente, crassi, rotundata, subcompressd, purpurea, 
intiis albi, sulcis inequalibus cincti, posticé obscuré angulata ; 
margine dorsali subexcavata ; lunula impressa. 

Shell thick, shining, rounded, purple, white within, rather com- 
pressed, girt with unequal, distant grooves; dorsal margin rather 
hollow ; lunule impressed. 

Puerto Portrero, Central America. Cuming. 


37. CYTHERHA UMBONELLA (pl. cxxx. f. 63, 64, 65, 66), 
Lamarck, Anim. s. vert. Cyth. no. 55. Var. C. nivea, Hanley, 
Sp. of Shells, p. 97. 


Cyth. testa crassa, ventricosa, nitente, ovali, iaquilatera, pur- 


623 


purea vel nived, posticé caeruled, ad umbones fusco maculata ; latere 
antico brevi, sulcis regularibus concentricis cincto; umbonibus 
sulcatis, prominentibus ; lunulé cordiformi, subexcavata. 

Shell oval, thick, ventricose, shining, with the anterior side 
short and round, and sulcated; the umbones prominent and sul- 
cated ; the lunule broad, heart-shaped, and hollow. 

Fig. 64 (Mr. Cuming’s), from Brazil, purple; fig. 63 (Mr. 
Cuming’s), Red Sea, part purple, very oblique; fig. 65, 66, C. 
nivea, Hanley, white, with bluish posterior side: all angularly 
marked with brown at the umbones. 


38. CyrHer#a ERYCINA (pl. cxxx. f. 69). Venus erycina, 
Timn. 1181. Chemn. Conch. f. 337. 


Cyth. testa ovali, crassi, concentricé planulatim sulcaté, medio 
fusca, ad margines aurantid, prope marginem dorsalem fusco et albo 
maculati, omnino fusco et albo interruptim radiata; latere antico 
brevi; lunula distincta, aurantia. 

Shell oval, thick, brown at the upper part, orange towards the 
margin, with a band of white on each side of the lunule, and 
dorsal margin crossed by zigzag markings of brown, radiated 
with broad interrupted bands of brown and white, concentrically 
ridged ; the ridges broad and flat. 

Philippines. Jus. Cuming. 


39. CYTHEREA MULTIRADIATA (pl. cxxx. f. 76), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. testa C. erycine simili, sed costis obsoletis. 

Like C. erycina, but with the ribs, excepting on a small part of 
the anterior, obsolete; in the colouring there are also some linear 
rays with undulating lines between. 

Bay of Manilla. Cuming. 


40. CyrHer«a costata (pl. cxxx. f.70, 71), Chemn. f.1975. 


Wood, Suppl. pl. 7. £.39. Hanley, Sp. of Shells, p.106. Var. 
C. Pacifica, Dillwyn, p. 175? 


Cyth. testa C. erycine simili, sed costis rotundatis, clevatis, 
alba, lineis fuscis distanter radiata, vel fulva, fusco-nigrescente 
radiatim fasciata. 

Like C. erycina, but with the ribs rounded and elevated ; white, 
with interrupted linear brown rays, or of a dull greyish-brown, 
with dark broad rays. 


Fig. 70, from Swan River ; fig. 71, from Port Essington. Jukes. 


624 


41. CYTHERHA ERYCLNELLA (pl.cxxxi. f.85), Lamarck, Anim. 
s. vert. Cyth. no. 17. 


Cyth. test& ovali, levi, fusco distanter radiatim fasciata ; latere 
antico brevi, sulcato, latere postico subacuminato, planulato ; 
lunula parva, distincta. 

From general appearance supposed by some authors to be the 
young of C. erycina, but it is more pointed at the posterior side, 
and the grooves only reach from the anterior side to the middle of 
the shell. 

Red Sea. 


42, CYTHERMA SEMISULCATA (pl. cxxxi. f. 82), Sowerby, jum. 


Cyth. testi C. erycinelle simili, sed magis elongaté et ovali ; 
alba, maculis tribus latissimis subceruleis radiatim albo inter- 
ruptis medio picta. 

Besides the form, which is more elongated and more regularly 
oval, the colour of this shell, consisting of three very broad 
radiate patches in the centre of a white ground, distinguishes it 
from C. erycinella. One specimen from Australia, in Mr. Cuming’s 
collection, is all we have seen. 


43, CYTHEREA PULCHRA (pl. cxxx. f. 73), Gray, Wood’s 
Suppl. t.2. £16. Hanley, Sp. of Shells, p. 104. 


Cyth. testa ovali, levigaté, pallidé fulvi, griseo marmorati, 
lineis purpureis radiata, anticé sulcaté, brevi; lunuli purpurea, 
impressi ; aredi dorsali lividi, angulatim fusco-lineaté; latere 
postico ad terminum subacuminato. 

Shell oval, smooth, pale fawn-coloured, marbled with brownish- 
grey, radiated with dark purplish broad lines ; lunule impressed, 
dark purple; dorsal area grey, with fluctuating angular lines 
across; anterior side short, grooved ; posterior side rather length- 


ened, rather acuminated at the end, and smooth. 
Red Sea. 


44, Cyramraa Stvensts (pl. exxxi. f. 79, 80). Venus Chi- 
nensis, Chemn. f. 1976. 

Cyth. testé subovali, subdepressi, dimidiatim sulcati, alba, 
rufo radiata et maculaté ; margine dorsali albo, elevato; lunula 
impressi, rubra; latere postico subacuminato. 

Shell more broad and depressed than the preceding members 
of the same group, with the sides more elevated towards the 
umbones. 

China. 


625 


45. CYTHERMA SPATHULATA (pl.cxxx1. f.78, 79), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. testé C. Sinensi simili, sed altiore ; margine dorsali fusco 
angulatim maculato ; disco fulvo, fusco interruptim radiato ; la- 
tere fusco, unifasciato. 

Shell coloured like C. erycina, except that the margin is not 
orange ; it is shaped like C. Scmenszs, but with the dorsal margin 
more elevated, and white, marked across with angular spots. 

Australia. The specimen figured from Mr. Cuming’s collection 
is the only one we have seen. 


46. CyrHerma impar (pl. cxxxi. f. 77), Lamarck, Anim. s. 
vert. Cyth. no. 16. 


Cyth. testd subovali, crassi, levi, alta, anticé sulcataé, omnino 
fasciis fuscis violascentibus interruptis radiata, intts violaceo 
tincté ; margine dorsali livido, retuso, fusco maculato, subangu- 
lato ; latere antico brevissimo, postico obtuso ; lunuld excavati, 
lividi ; umbonibus magnis. 

Shell smooth at the back, ribbed in front, large and rather 
angular at the dorsal margin and umbones, short in front, long 
and obtuse behind; nearly white between the greyish-brown 
interrupted rays ; dorsal margin livid; lunule concave and livid. 

The peculiar characteristic of this shell is the obtuseness of the 
posterior side, at the termination of the ventral margin. 


Australia. 


47. CyrHER#A Festiva (pl.cxxx. f. 72), ——? (tablet of 
Paris Museum). 


Cyth. test& subovali, crassi, levi, anticé sulcata, fulvo-rubes- 
cente, lineis et fasciis rubris radiata; latere antico brevi, postico 
ad terminum subobtuso ; lunulé impressd, rubra. 

Shell like C. mpar, but not so high nor so thick at the umbones, 
nor so obtuse at the posterior termination. The colouring is also 
different, being composed of bands of ght brown and pinkish- 
white, crossed by radiating lines and bands of rose-red ; Innule 
red and impressed. 

Locality unknown. The specimen figured is remarkably beau- 
tiful, and belongs to Mr. Hanley. 


48. CYTHERHA PECTORALIS (pl.cxxx. f.75), Lamarck, Anin. 
s. vert. Cyth. no. 18. 


Cyth. testa ovali, subelongaté, subdepressi, concentricé multi- 
4M 


626 


sulcata, violascente-fulvo radiatim fasciaté; margine dorsali alba, 
fusco maculata; lunuld livida. 

Shell rather more depressed and elongated than the preceding, 
not so elevated and angular at the posterior side, and having the 
dorsal margins white marked with angular spots of brown, ra- 
diated with brown, which becomes of a blackish-violet near the 
ventral edge; lunule well defined and of a strong purple tint. 

The shell agrees well with Lamarck’s description, with the 
exception of its being of a large size. 

St. Nicholas, Island of Zebu, Philippines. Cuming. 


49. CytHERa@A LILACINA (pl. cxxx. f.74), Lamarck, Anim. 
s. vert. Cyth. no. 15. 


Cyth. testa ovali, ventricosi, concentricé sulcata, fulva, obscuré 
radiata, posticé subangulaté ; margme dorsali livido; lunula dis- 
tincta, livida. 

Shell ventricose, oval, sulcated, brown, with obscure rays ; 
hinder side rather angulated; dorsal margin of a dull purplish 
tint. 

Island of Corigidor ; Cuming. 


50. Cyreraa oBusa (pl. exxxi. f. 83, 84), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. testa ovali, leevigata, ventricosa, crassa, obscuré biradiata, 
in radiis maculata ; lunuld impressa. 

Shell oval, smooth, ventricose, thick, cream-coloured in the 
middle, dull white near the margins, rayed obscurely with two 
broad bands, upon which are reddish square spots. 

Locality unknown. We have seen only the one specimen 
figured from Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


51. CyrHerA PIPERITA (pl. cxxxvi. f. 175), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. testa lubrica, parva, ovali, subdepressi, pallidé fulva, 
griseo obscure radiata, maculis mgrescentibus parvis angulatis 
sparsi; latere antico brevi, obscure sulcato, postico subacuminato ; 
lunuld distincta. 

Shell very shining, rather small, oval, pale fawn, with very 
obscure rays of grey and sprinkled with sharp, black, angulated 
spots ; anterior side short, with a few grooves; posterior side 
rather acuminated ; lunule distinct. 


Island of Burias, Phihppines. Cumino. 


627 


52. Cyruer“a Purtipernarvum (pl. cxxxvi. f. 176), Han- 
ley, MS. 


Cyth. testa rotundati, ventricos’, concentricé sulcati, subrosed, 
maculis et radius rubescentibus variegati; latere antico brevi, 
postico subquadrato; lunuld et marginis dorsalis parte rubris. 

Shell rounded, ventricose, concentrically grooved, of a rosy 
tint, variegated with purplish-red rays and spots; hinder side a 
little squared ; front side short; Iunule and edges of the liga- 
mental fulerum reddish. 

Philippines. Cuming. 


53. CyTHER#A FLORIDA (pl. cxxxvi. f. 193, 194, 195, 196), 
Lamarck, Anim. s. vert. Cyth. no. 20. 


Cyth. testa ovali, subdepressi, concentricé sulcata, subrosed, 
maculis, lineis, et radiis rubescentibus variegata, inttis plerumque 
purpureo nebulaté; margine dorsali lineato; lunuld parva, dis- 
tincta. 

Shell oval, depressed, concentrically grooved, pinkish, varie- 
gated with reddish spots, lines, and rays; anterior side short ; 
lunule small, distinct ; dorsal margin cross-lined ; inside clouded 
with purple. 

Locality unknown. 


54. CYTHERAA SIMPLEX (pl.exxxvi. f. 182, 183), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. test& parva, solida, levi, ovatd, subdepressi, grisescente- 
castaned ; margine dorsali albo, nigrescente-fusco angulatim 
maculato ; latere antico brevi, rotundato, postico subacuminato ; 
lunula indistincta. 

Shell small, solid, smooth, depressed, rather oval, of a deep 
chestnut colour, mingled with dark grey, and at the dorsal margins 
white, with dark, angular cross markings; anterior side short, 
rounded, posterior side rather acuminated. 

In Mr. Gubba’s collection. 


55. CyruHer#a mopesta (pl. exxxvi. f. 184), Sowerby, sen., 
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p. 47. 


“Cyth. testé obovati, crassiusculi, levi, concentricé sulcati, 
sulcis obsoletiusculis ; albo, fusco et fusco-purpurascente varia ; 
apicibus subprominulis ; latere postico longiore, declivi.” 

Shell oval, smooth, concentrically grooved, variegated with 
whitish-brown and purplish-brown ; hinder side rather lengthened 
and sloping, so as to meet the vertical margin in an angle. 

Xippixapi, Central America. Cuming. 


628 


56. CyrHeraa MULTISTRIATA (pl. cxxxvi. f. 177), Sowerby, 
Jumor. 


Cyth. testé ovali, subelongatd, concentricé striata, fulva, fusco 
et roseo variegati et imterruptim radiata; latere antico brevi, 
postico subacuminato ; lunula rubra. 

Shell oval, rather elongated, concentrically striated, buff, varie- 
gated with pinkish-brown waved lines and interrupted rays ; 
anterior side rather short, hinder side rather lengthened and 
acuminated ; lunule rose-coloured, scarcely defined. 

New Zealand, Mr. Hart. Mus. Cuming and Sowerby. 


57. CyYTHER@A GIGANTEA (pl. exxxi. f. 86), Laan. Syst. 
Nat. Gmel., p. 3282. 


Cyth. testi oblonga, subovali, compressi, levi, magna, ru- 
bescente-fulva, maculis quadratis fusco-nigrescentibus interruptim 
radiata, intus albi; latere antico brevi, subacuminato, postico 
elongato, ad terminum subquadrato; margine dorsali subretuso ; 
ligamento elongato ; lunuld oblonga, distincta. 

Shell oblong, rather flat, smooth, large, of a pinkish fawn- 
colour with broad dark square spots disposed in rays, white 
within ; anterior side short, but rather narrowed at the end; 
posterior side long, rather squared at the end; posterior dorsal 
margin rather retuse ; ligament long; lunule distinct. It attains 
a much larger size than the specimen figured, which is reduced 
one-half. 


Gulf of Mexico. 


58. CyrHER#A AURANTIA (pl. exxxi. f. 97 bis), Hanley, 
Sp. of Shells, appendix. Mood, Supp., pl. 15. f. 20. 


Cyth. test& ovali, crassi, laevigata, aurantiacd, intis alba, epi- 
dermide fusci induté ; latere antico brevi, rotundato, latere pos- 
tico obscuré biangulato, ad termmum subacuminato ; ligamento 
elongato ; lunula elongata, distincta. 

Shell oval, thick, smooth, of an orange-colour, paling off towards 
the umbones to a fawn tint, covered with a rather thick reddish- 
brown epidermis; ligament long; lunule long, defined by an 
impressed line ; anterior side short, rounded ; posterior side with 
two very obtuse radiating angles, rather acuminated at the basal 
termination. I figure a fine specimen from Mr. Cuming’s col- 


lection. 


59. Cyrupraa Curone (pl. exxxu. f. 98), Lenneus, p. 1131. 


Cyth. test& ovali, crass’, subcompressa, levigata, fulva, fusco- 


629 


rubescente maculati et radiati; latere antico brevi, rotundato, 
postico rotundato ; lunulé elongaté, distinctd, vix tumida ; liga- 
mento subelongato ; margine dorsali subelevato. 

Shell oval, rather compressed, smooth, fawn-coloured, with 
brown rays and spots; anterior side short, rounded; lunule 
rather long, defined, and raised ; posterior side rounded, elevated 
at the dorsal margin. 

England, and the Mediterranean. Mr. Cuming’s specimens 
are from Mazatlan. 


60. CyrHerma MacuLata (pl. cxxxi. f. 93, 94, 97), Lcnnaus, 
p- 1182. 


Cyth. testa C. Chioni simili, sed anticé elongatiusculd, prope 
lunulam magis excavati, posticé subacuminatd, subangulata ; 
lunulad tumida. 

Shell generally flatter and less rounded than C. Chione, with 
the dorsal margin and lunule tumid. The colouring is arranged 
in square spots, disposed angularly, and partly collected into two 
central rays; in one variety these spots are purple. 

South America. The very acuminated variety, fig. 98, 94, is 
from Australia, in Mr. Cuming’s collection. The posterior 
elongation does not commence till the shell has attained a con- 
siderable growth. 


61. CyrneR#a uUNIcoLoR (pl. exxxi. f. 90, 91), Sowerby, 
sen., Pro. Zool. Soc. 1885. p. 23. 


“Cyth. testé ovato-subcordiformi, crassiusculé, brunnescente, 
levi, politi; latere antico posticoque concentricé sulcatis, sulcis 
medio obsoletis ; latere postico longiore, versus partem ventralem 
subacuminato; margine ventrali levi, intis purpurascente.” 

Shell heart-shaped, rather thick, whitish or brown, smooth, 
grooved at the sides, plain in the middle ; the hinder side longest, 
angulated, and near the ventral margin rather acuminated. 

Xippixapi, West Columbia ; coarse sand, at 6 fathoms. Cuming. 


61.* CyrHEeraa sQuaLipA (pl. cxxxi. f. 87, 88, 89), Sowerby, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p. 28. Var. C. biradiata, Beechey’s Voyage. 


“Oyth. testa ovato-subcordata, crassiuscula, rubente-albicante 
radiata ; latere postico longiore, subacuminato; costellis nume- 
rosis, concentricis, obtusis, concinnis, confertis.” 

Shell more angulated posteriorly than C. maculata, and with the 
lunule and dorsal margin less tumid. Although named from the 


630 


dull greyish-brown tint which prevails in the species, some of the 
varieties are beautifully variegated; for instance, the variety 
fig. 87, from California, in the collection of Mr. Gubba, and the 
biradiate variety with bright purple bands, from the Philippines 
(C. biradiata, Beechey’s Voyage). The species was first named from 
specimens brought from the Philippine Islands by Mr. Cuming. 


62. CyTHERMA AFFINIS (pl. cxxxi. f. 101), Pro. Zool. Soc. 
1835. p. 45. 


“Cyth. testa ovato-oblonga, planiuscula, leis distantibus ele- 
vatis subacutis concentricis albente-violaceis radiati, posticé vix 
sublobaté; are& postici violace’; lunulé pallida, inttis alba; 
limbo interno levi; epidermide fusca, tenui.”’ 

Shell oblong-ovate, rather compressed, ribbed concentrically, 
white, with pinkish rays, anterior side short, rounded ; posterior 
side lengthened, angulated, and acuminated, and near the angle 
sinuated; ligament long ; lunule short, defined. 

Xippixapi, West Columbia. Cuming. 


63. CytHERms TorTUOSA (pl. exxxi. f. 102, 103), Broderip, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p. 45. 


“Oyth. testa obliqué cordati, posticé sublobata, lineis frequen- 
tibus subconcentricis obtusis posticé irregularibus, albA, umbones 
versus subspadiceo-alba.” 

Shell more rounded and more ventricose than C. affinis, less 
angular and acuminated posteriorly, with the ribs in some in- 
stances divided and irregular. We have a dark reddish-brown 
and a white variety. 

Xippixapi, West Columbia. Cuming. 


64. Cyruerma CoNncINNA (pl. exxxu. f. 99, 100), Sowerdy, 
sen., Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p. 23. 


“ Cyth. testé ovato-subcordata, crassiusculd, rubente-albicante 
radiata ; latere postico longiore, subacuminato ; costellis nume- 
rosis, concentricis, obtusis, concinnis, confertis.” 

Shell shaped like C. distorta, but with the ribs very much more 
close and numerous; the hinder side acuminated, but not angu- 
lar; colour brown with white rays, or white with one or two 
brown rays, or with numerous beautifully softened and divided 
pink rays. 

Panama; in ten fathoms, fine sand. Cuming. The first-men- 
tioned variety, fig. 100, is in the collection of Mr. Gubba. 


631 


65. Cyrnerma circinata (pl. cxxxu. f. 104, 105, 106), 
Born, Mus. t.4. £.8. Venus rubra, Gmel. 3288? C. alternata, 
Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p. 45. 


Cyth. testa ovali-subrotundata, ventricosi, alti, albi rubro-ra- 
diaté seu omnino purpured; laminis erectis, acutimarginatis, in 
medio numerosis, ad latera distantioribus, productioribus, concen- 
tricé costaté ; margine dorsali plerumque purpureo; lunula dis- 
tinct’, plerumque purpurea. 

Shell rather rounded, ventricose, with laminar ribs, which are 
less numerous and broader at the sides, particularly at the ante- 
rior, white, with purple rays, or entirely purple, generally with 
the dorsal margin and lunule of a darker purple. The ribs are 
unequal, and in the variety named C. alternata by Broderip, every 
alternate one dies out near the sides, the other being more 
expanded. 

Mazatlan, Donnel, R.N. Var. C. alternata, fig. 104, West 
Columbia; dredged in sandy mud at fifteen fathoms. Cuming. 


66. CyrHER#A CYGNUS (pl. cxxxu. f. 107), Lamarck, Anim. 
s. vert. Cyth. no. 77. 


Cyth. test& alba, C. cercinate simili, sed umbonibus ventricosis, 
elevatis ; margine dorsali retuso, subplanulato; lunulé magna, 
cordiformi, distinctd, impressa. 

Shell more ventricose, with larger and more elevated umboes 
than C. circinata ; the posterior dorsal margin retuse ; the lunule 
large and distinct. 

Locality unknown. Mus. Cuming. 


67. Cyrner#a Dione (pl. cxxxu. f. 110), Lanneus, Syst. 
Nat. p. 1128. 


Cyth. test ovali, subventricosa, alba, violaceo tinctd, laminis 
elevatis acutis usque ad angulum cincta, postice subelongati, angu- 
lata, ad angulum spinis elongatiusculis ornati, post angulum vix 
striata ; prope umbonem serie alterd spinarum breviuscularum ; 
margine dorsali declivi, subinflaté, nonnunquam rose’; lunula 
parva, nonnunquam rosea, distincté; latere antico laminis alteris 
evanidis, alteris expansis. 

Shell oval, with two rows of spines at the hinder side, one at 
the angle with the spines long, the other behind, near the um- 
bones, with the spines shorter ; lamina erect and sharp-edged, some 
reaching to the front as far as the edge of the lunule, where they 
are much expanded, others terminating sooner. 

Venezuela and Trinidad. 


632 


68. Cyrnerma rosEa (pl. cxxxu. f. 108), Broderip and 
Sowerby, Zool. Journ. vol. iv. p. 48. C. lepida, Chénu, Conch. 
Illustr. 

Cyth. testa quam C. Dione magis compressi, purpured, costis 
numerosis, rotundis; latere antico laminis prominulis, acutis, 
raris ; latere postico ad angulum serie und spinarum incipientium. 

Shell much flatter than C. Dione, nearly all rosy-purple, with 
numerous rounded concentric ribs ; anteriorly with a few promi- 
nent sharp-edged laminz ; posteriorly with a row of rudimentary 
spines at the angle. 

Panama. Cuming. 


69. CyrHerza Luprnartia (pl. exxxu. f. 111), Lesson, Cen- 
turie Zoologique, pl. 64. p. 196. C. semilamellosa, Chéxu, Conch. 
Illustr. pl. 9. f. 9. 


Cyth. C. Dionz simili, sed laminis medio evanidis; latere pos- 
tico levigato ; spinis elongatiusculis. 

Shell larger than C. Dione, with the ribs flatter, and near the 
angle almost vanishing ; posterior side smooth; spines long, with 
purple spots at the base. 

Real Llejos, Central America. Cuming. 


70. CyrHER#A MULTISPINOSA (pl.cxxxil. f.112), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. testé quam C. Dione magis ventricosi; laminis magis 
elevatis, subeequalibus, ad angulum subtruncatis; spinis magis 
numerosis. 

The laminz are much elevated and nearly equal, terminating 
near the spines in an abrupt declivity ; spines more numerous and 
sharp than in C. Dione. 

Tombez, Peru; in soft mud, at ten fathoms. Cuming. 


71. CyrHER#A BREVISPINOSA (pl. cxxxii. f.109), Sowerby, juin. 


Cyth. testa alba, C. Dione simili, sed costis rotundatis ; spinis 
brevissimis, in serie unicdi depositis; anticé laminis paucis ele- 
vatis ; margine dorsali prope umbones subretuso. 

Shell white, with the ribs rounded, except at the anterior side, 
where a few of them are elevated into broad lamin; one row of 
spines very short. We have only the specimen figured from Mr. 
Cuming’s collection, from California. 


72. CyTHER&A VULNERATA (pl. exxxi. f. 95, 96), Broder, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p. 46. 
“Oyth. testa subglobosa, lineis concentricis creberrimis levibus, 


635 


albente, fasciis angustis purpureo-sanguincis hine et hine ornata ; 
lunulé et arei postici subatropurpureis ; limbo ventrali rubro, 
inttts subcrenulato; epidermide subfuscd, ints alba subrosco 
suffusi.” 

Shell of an oval form, with fine raised concentric lines ; white, 
with here and there a concentric narrow line or band of a sangui- 
neous tint ; red margin, slightly crenulated within. 

Real Llejos, Central America. Cuming. 


73. CyrHeR&A ALBINA (pl. cxxxin. f.121), Lamarck, Anim. 
s. vert. Cyth. no. 25. 


Cyth. testa crassi, rotundato-subtrigona, alba, alt, concentricé 
obscure striata; latere antico brevi, recto, declivi; lunulé indis- 
tinct. 

Shell thick, of a somewhat trigonal form, rather rounded, white, 
with obscure concentric ridges; the anterior side very short, and 
leaning straight down towards the ventral margin; no distinct 
lunule. 


74, Cyrueraa triecona (pl. exxxui. f. 120). Artemis tri- 
gona, Reeve, Conch. Icon. 


Cyth. testa, crassa, alta, ventricosd, subtrigond, concentricé cos- 
tellata, albi; latere postico declivi, ad marginem ventralem sub- 
lobato ; latere antico brevi, declivi; lunulé magna, ovali, distincta. 

Shell more trigonal than C. adbina, and more distinctly ribbed ; 
the ventral margin almost emarginated; the anterior side very 
short, with a large oval lunule defined by an impressed line. 


75. CyrHEra@a rostrata (pl. cxxxii. f. 122), Koch, Phil. 
Abb. Cyth. t.1. f. 3. 


Cyth. test’ obliqué ovali, pallidissimé fulva, concentricé sub- 
striata; latere postico elongato, ad terminum subquadrato, ob- 
scuré radiatim unisulcato; latere antico brevissimo, declivi, sub- 
angulato ; lunula distincta. 

Shell obliquely oval, almost white, irregularly and finely striated ; 
the hinder side elongated, square at the end, with an obscure ra- 
diating groove; umbones elevated; anterior side very short, 
leaning straight down to the ventral margin, and rather angu- 
lated ; lunule large, distinct. 


Brazil. 
75*, CYTHERHA ACUMINATA (pl. cxxxvi. f. 178), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. testi parva, alba, subtrigond, compressa, clevata, concen 
4 N 


634 


iricé striata; latere postico acuminato, subangulato; latere an- 
tico breviusculo, subinflato ; lunula magna, distincta. 

Like a miniature of C. trigona, but flatter, more acuminated 
behind, and more finely striated. 

Locality unknown. Mus. Sowerby. 


76. CyrHeraa TeLiinorpea (pl.cxxxvi. f.191), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. testi ovali, compressd, levi, subalbidi; latere postico 
subelongato, acuminato, margine dorsali declivi, subangulato, 
margine ventrali posticé subemarginato ; latere antico brevi, rotun- 
dato, lunuld angustaté, distincté, complanata. 

Shell oval, flat, smooth, nearly white; posterior side long, acu- 
minated, lobed, with the dorsal margin sloping; anterior side 
short, rounded, with the lunule narrow, flat, and distinct. One 
specimen of this shell, which has the appearance of a Zeddina, 1s 


in the collection of Mr. Hanley. 


77. Cyrnerza Manttxe (pl. exxxvi. f. 180, 181), Sowerby, 
Ju. 

Cyth. testé ovali-subtrigona, ventricosd, alba, concentricé striata, 
posticé acuminati, sublobati, anticé breviusculé; lunuld até, 
subcomplanata, distincta. 

Shell of an oval or subtrigonal form, ventricose, white, con- 
centrically striated; the hinder side lobed and acuminated, the 
anterior side shorter ; the lunule broad, flattish, distinct. 

Mr. Cuming’s specimens are from Manilla. 


78. CyrHeraa INDECORA (pl. exxxvi. f.179), Philippi, Ab- 
bild. Cyth. t.9. £. 7. 

“ Cyth. testa cordato-trigond, satis tumida, utrinque subangulata, 
exquisite transversim sulcato-strigata, alba, epidermide lutescente 
obducté; lunulé magna, cordatéi, line& impressi circumscripta, 
ceterum haud distincté; aredi nulli; lgamento subocculto.” 
“ Patria, Mergui ; legit Th. Philippi.” 

The shell which we have figured is in the collection of Mr. 
Sowerby, sen. Although scarcely trigonal enough, it agrees on 
the whole with the above description. 


79. CyrHerma FLuctuata (pl. exxxvi. f. 185, 186), Sowerby, 

Jun. 
Cyth. test’ ovali, subventricosi, alba, epidermide subvinidi in- 
duta, lineis rubescentibus angulatim fluctuataé, concentrice striata ; 


635 


latere antico brevi, subacuminato, lunulé distincta ; latere postico 
subquadrato, margine dorsali elevato ; Ligamento retuso. 

Shell of a somewhat rounded oval form, white, with angular 
markings, and a light greenish epidermis, concentrically striated ; 
anterior side short, with a distinct lunule ; posterior side rather 
squared, with the dorsal margin elevated, and the ligament nearly 
hidden. 

The larger specimen figured is in Mr. Cuming’s collection, from 
St. Elena; the smaller, which, although less ventricose and more 
oval, resembles the younger portion of the other, is Mr. Hanley’s. 


80. Cyrueraa Betcuert (pl. exxxvi. f. 188), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. testé subovali, fulvi, concentricé sulcis subundulatis ru- 
gaté; umbonibus elevatis, acuminatis ; latere postico subacumi- 
nato, margine dorsali declivi; latere antico breviusculo, declivi, 
lunula vix distincta. 

The surface of this little brownish shell is roughened by a kind 
of concentric ripple-mark; the elevated umbones and sloping 
sides give a somewhat triangular appearance to an otherwise 
oval form. 

The only specimen we have seen was brought by Capt. Belcher, 
and is in Mr. Hanley’s possession. 


81. CyTHERAA ANGULIFERA (pl. exxxvi. f. 189), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. testa oblongo-subovali, alb’, maculis angulatis sparsim 
subradiatim picti, concentricé striata; latere postico elongato, 
subacuminato ; latere antico brevi, lunula parva, distincta. 

Shell rather elongated, oval, whitish, with angular dark red- 
dish-brown markings, ctmeted concentrically tht: side rather 
lengthened, acuminated, with the dorsal edge sloping ; front side 
short, sloped, with small, distinct lunule. 


2. CytHERaA PANNOSA (pl. cxxxi. f. 140, 141, 142), 
Sowerby, sen., Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p.47. C. lutea, Koch, Phil. 
Abbild. t. ui. f. 5. 


Cyth. test& subovata, crassiusculd, levi, albicante, maculis 
strigis lineisve angulatis ‘luridis obscurd picta; apicibus subpro- 
minentibus.” 

Shell rather oval, with straight falling sides, smooth, rather 
thick, whitish, variously ornamented with brown rays and_ lines 
and angular markings; lunule small and distinct. 

Coquimbo ; in sandy mud at low water. Cuming. 


636 


83. CyrnERaA ALBO-crncTa (pl. exxxvi. f.187), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. testa ovali, subtrigond, parva, solida, fulvi, albo-fasciata, 
minutissimé striatéi; latere postico declivi, acuminato ; latere 
antico declivi, breviusculo, lunulé subdistincta. 

Shell small, solid, sub-ovate, with sloping sides, dull pale 
brown, with white bands, very finely striated; lunule not very 
distinct. 

Brought by Captain Belcher ; specimens in Mr. Hanley’s and 
Mr. Sowerby’s collections. 


84. CyrHeraa Lava (pl. exxxi. f. 123, 124), Linn. Syst. 
Nat. 1182. CC. prora, Conrad, A. N. 8. Phil. vol. vii. p. 253. 
t. 19. f.18. V, affinis, Gmel. ? 


Cyth. test’ inflaté, subrotundata, levi, albidd, fasciis fulvis 
interruptim radiata, intus rose’; latere postico rotundatim sub- 
quadrato, margine dorsali inflato, margine ventrali anticé elevato ; 
latere antico brevissimo, carind und angulato ; lunulé distincta, 
subexcavata. 

Shell very inflated, rounded, smooth, pinkish-white, with 
generally interrupted reddish-brown unequal rays; hinder side 
slightly quadrate, with elevated and inflated dorsal margin ; front 
side short, with the ventral margin raised upwards, meeting at an 
angle a sort of blunt keel surrounding the lunule, which is dis- 
tinct and rather hollow. ‘There is a tinge of pink inside under 
the umbones. 

Mr. Cuming’s specimens are from Albay, Island of Luzon, 
Philippines. 


85. CyrHEr@a OBLIQUATA (pl. cxxxil. f. 125, 126), Hanley, 
Sp. of Shells, Appendix ; Wood, Suppl. pl. 15. f. 24. 


Cyth. test C. dete simili, sed magis obliquati, magis depressi ; 
alba, prope umbones fusco punctata. 

Shell like C. Zeta, but. more oblique, more depressed ; white, 
with small spots of brown near the umbones. 

Philippines. Cuming. 


86. Cyrupraza crrrina (pl. cxxxu. f. 117, 118), Lamarck, 
Anim. s. vert. Cyth. no. 24. 


Cyth. testa ovali, ventricosi, citrind vel pallidé luted, postice 
laté purpurco unifasciaté, irregulariter concentricé striata ; latere 
postico subdeclivi; latere antico brevi ; lunula lata, distancta. 


637 


Shell oval, irregularly striated, very ventricose, of an orange 
or pale yellow tint, with a broad purple band at the posterior 
side, which is rather sloped and slightly squared; anterior side 
short, rounded, and with a very broad lunule, defined. 

The orange-coloured specimen is Mr. Sowerby’s; the other 
was collected by Mr. Cuming at Albay, Island of Luzon, 
Philippines. 


87. CyrHeraa striata (pl. exxxi. f. 113, 114,115), Gray? 
in Analyst, 1838. C. citrina, Lam., Chénu, Conch. Ul. ; Wood, &c. 


Cyth. testa C. citrine simili, sed magis compressa, posticé prope 
margiuvem dorsalem subangulatéi; margine dorsali declivi, sub- 
complanato. Nonnunquam occurrit alba. 

Figured in the ‘Illustrations Conchyliologiques’ as C. citrina 
of Lamarck, but not agreeing so well with the description as the 
one given above. ‘This shell is more compressed than C. citrina, 
with a sloping and somewhat angulated posterior dorsal edge. 

River Gambia. Mus. Cuming. 


88. CyTHEREA SUBINFLATA (pl. cxxxi. f. 116), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. testé ventricosi, subrotundata, levi, fulva, prope um- 
bones angulatim maculata, ttm albo radiata; umbonibus elevatis, 
inflatis ; latere postico rotundatim subquadrato; latere antico 
brevi, lunula distincta. 

Shell ventricose, rather rounded, smooth, fawn-coloured, the 
umbones elevated, inflated, and marked with undulating lines; 
hinder side slightly squared; front side rounded, short, with 
defined lunule. 

Locality unknown. Jus. Sowerby. 


89, CyrHERaA INFLATA (pl. cxxxiil. f. 127,128), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. testa inflata, subovali, levi, alba, fusco radiatim variegata ; 
latere postico subquadrato; latere antico rotundato, breviusculo, 
margine ventrali elevato; lunulé indistincta, subexcavata ; um- 
bonibus subretrorsis. 

Shell ventricose, oval, smooth, white, with brown variegated 
rays on the upper part. The umbones, which are inflated, have 
a tendency to lean backwards; the ventral margin is raised in 
front to meet the rather hollow surface, which contains a broad 
but rather indistinct lunule. 

Moluccas; also St. Nicholas, Island of Zebu, Philippines. 


Cuming. 


638 


90. Cyrmer@a CONVEXA (pl. exxxu. f.119), Say. C. Sayana, 
Conrad, Silliman’s Journal, vol. xxii. p. 345. 


Cyth. test& ovali, ventricosi, fulva, subrugosi; latere antico 
brevi ; lunula vix distincta. 

Shell oval, brownish, ventricose, roughened by concentric 
irregular and rather coarse striz. 

Rhode Island; New Jersey. Specimens, Mr. Cuming’s and 
Mr. Hanley’s. 


91. OyTHER#A PALLESCENS (pl. exxxil. f. 1385), Sowerby, sen., 
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p. 47. 


“Cyth. testa obovati, tenui, pallidé lutescente, levi, concen- 
tricé striatd ; latere antico breviore, apicibus subprominulis ; im- 
pressione cordiformi, anticé elongata, distincti.” 

Shell of an oval flattish form, rather light, pale yellowish, or 
with a purplish tinge near the umbones; concentric stric so fine 
as to give asilky appearance to the surface. 

Island of Annaa, Pomoutian Group; in coral sand. Cuming. 


92. CyrHer@a INconsPIcuA (pl. exxxu. f. 133, 134), Sower- 
by, sen., Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p. 47. 


“Cyth. testi obovata, crassiuscula, levi, albida, concentricé 
Rr. Sarge na asta ‘ : seca ZEe Me 
striata, striis exilissimis ; epidermide tenuissima, pallidé subfusca ; 
apicibus subprominulis; impressione cordiformi, antici ovata, 

inconspicua.” 

Shell more thick, and with the striae more distinct than the 
preceding. 

Payta, Peru. Cuming. 


92%, Cyrueraa Kinet (pl. exxxii. f. 129, 130, 131, 132), 
Gray, Wood’s Suppl. Venus, f.9. C. modesta, kdzlippi, Abbild. 
t.i. f.3. Var. C. Lamarck, Gray, Analyst, 1838; Hanley, 
Recent Shells, p. 103. Var. C. albida, Gray? Var. C. bilunu- 
lata, Brit. Mus. 


Cyth. test’ ovali-oblonga’, subcompressi, medio laevigata, ad 
latera substriata, albidé, castaneo fasciatim varie radiata; latere 
antico brevi, declivi, lunulé elongata, subcomplanata, distincta ; 
latere postico elongato, subquadrato, margine dorsali subelevato. 

Shell oval, oblong, not very ventricose, smooth in the middle, 
slightly striated at the sides; whitish, generally with chestnut 
rays cither linear or broad; anterior side short, sloped, with 
the lunule long and defined ; hinder side elongated, rather square, 


639 


with the dorsal edge rather elevated. This description will in- 
clude the several varieties, which have been differently named: 
Fig. 132, C. ditunulata, Brit. Mus. ; fig. 129, C. Lamarchi, Gray, 
the chestnut rays nearly covering the shell, and only leaving white 
rays; fig. 130, C. Kingii, Gray (C. modesta, Philippi), with narrow 
interrupted rays, in Mr. Hanley’s cabinet, and also that of Mr. 
Cuming (brought by Dr. Hornbeck from the island of St. 
Thomas, West Indies); and fig. 151, rather longer than the 
others and white, from Nicobar (Cuming). 


93. CyrHER#A PELLUCIDA (pl. exxxvi. f. 190), Lamarck, 
Anim. s. vert. Cyth. no. 43. 


Cyth. test’ rotundati, ventricosi, tenm, levi, albidi, maculis 
fuscis angulatis seriatim radiati ; latere antico brevi, lunulad parva, 
indistincta, purpurea; latere postico subquadrato, margine dorsali 
elevato. 

Shell rounded, rather ventricose, very thin, smooth, whitish, 
with interrupted light-brown rays, and a little purple spot on the 
lunule close to the umbones; anterior side short, sloping; pos- 
terior side rather syuarish, with the dorsal margin elevated. 

New Holland. Mus. Hanley. 


94, CyTHERHA SUBPELLUCIDA (pl. exxxii. f. 136), Sowerdy, 
jumor. 

Cyth. test& subovali, ventricosi, tenu, levi, purpurascente- 
grisei, maculis fuscis seriatim radiata; latere antico brevi, lunulé 
indistincta ; latere postico subelongato, subquadrato, margine 
dorsali declivi ; umbonibus prominulis. 

Shell resembling C. pellucida, but of a darker colour, more elon- 
gated posteriorly and having the dorsal edge more sloping ; it has 
not the purple spot on the lunule. 

Albay, Island of Luzon, Philippines. Cuming. 


95. CyrHER#A VARIANS (pl. cxxxui. f. 138, 139), Hanley, 
Sp. of Shells, Wood’s Suppl. pl. 15. f.33. C. rubiginosa, Piz- 
lippi, Abbild. pl. in. f. 2. 

Cyth. testi subovali, ventricos’, concentricé striata, albida, 
pallidé fulvo vel interruptim fusco radiata; latere antico brevi, 
subacuminato, lunulé magni, subcomplanata, distincté, ad um- 
bones purpureo unipunctat’; latere postico vix quadrato; aref 
dorsali maculata, subcarinaté ; margine ventrali rotundato. 

Shell oval, ventricose, concentrically striated, whitish, with 
either pale-brownish rays or else sharp angular bright-reddish 


640 


spots in rays; anterior side rather acuminated, with the lunule 

distinct, rather flat, and having a bright-purple spot close to the 

umbones; posterior side with the dorsal margin sloped, and 

presenting a variegated area enclosed by a scarcely elevated keel. 
Locality unknown. Mus. Hanley. 


96. CyrHerma BULLATA (pl. exxxvi. f. 192), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. testa oblongo-subquadrata, alba, tenui, concentricé sub- 
striata, ventricos’; umbonibus inflatis ; latere antico brevé sub- 
acuminato, superné subexcavato, lunulad distinct’; latere postico 
quadrato, subangulato, margine dorsali declivi, margine ventrali 
rectiusculo. 

Shell white, oblong, ventricose, thin, smooth, with the um- 
bones large and inflated; the front side small and almost acumi- 
nated ; the hinder side somewhat quadrate and angular; the 
ventral edge rather straight, and the dorsal edge sloped. 

Locality unknown. Mus. Sowerby. 


97. CytHerma Vennriana (pl.cxxxvi. f. 197,198, 199), La- 
marck, Anim. s. vert. Cyth. no. 35. 


Cyth. testa subovali, ventricosa, levi, albidd, fusco varié picta; 
lunulé et ared dorsali rubro maculatis ; latere antico brevi, lunula 
distinctaé ; latere postico subdeclivi, subrotundato. 

Shell of a rather short oval form, very ventricose, smooth, 
whitish, variously marked with brown; the anterior side short, 
with the lunule defined, reddish, and covered with reddish- 
brown markings; dorsal margin sloped, with a reddish area 
marked with reddish-brown. 

Mediterranean. 


98. CyrHEr#a LimaTuLa (pl. exxxvi. f. 200, 201), Sowerby, 
junior. 


Cyth. test& oblong’, subventricosi, politi, pallidé lute’, maculis 
fuscis angulatis seriatim positis hine et hine radiata; latere antico 
brevi, lunuld distincté, partim fusco pict; latere postico sub- 
quadrato; area dorsali fusco pict’; margine ventrali rectiusculo. 

Shell more quadrate than C. Venetiana, with the ventral margin 
nearly straight, a peculiar smoothness of surface, with very dark 
chestnut-brown on the dorsal area and also covering part of the 
lunule with a ragged edge. 

Locality unknown. Mus. Hanley. 


641. 


99. CyrHeraa FULMINATA (pl. exxxin. f. 137), Valenciennes, 
Enc. Méth. t. 268. f.2; Phedippr, Abbild. t. 111. f. 4. 


Cyth. “test& subrhombed, eequilater’, alba, radiis fasciisque 
ziczacformibus interruptis rufis picti; area nulli; lunuld foveolé 
cincté; dente cardinali postico striato.” 

From the figure, and the worn specimen in the British Museum, 
it appears to be rather trigonal and equilateral, but with the 
ventral margin much rounded and bulging. The rays are in- 
terrupted and of a reddish-brown colour. 

Locality not known. 


100. Cyruzrza Hesraa (pl. exxxiv. f. 143, 144, 148), 
Lamarck, Anim. s. vert. Cyth. no. 80. Delessert, Recueil, t. 8. f. 3. 


Cyth. testa crassi, subovali, ventricosi, omnino subundulatim 
concentricé sulcata, albé, lineis angulatis et undulatis fasciatim 
radiata, intis laté fusco-nigrescente pict’; umbonibus prominulis ; 
latere postico declivi, subacuminato, margine dorsali subtumido ; 
latere antico breviusculo, rotundato, margine ventrali rotundato. 

Shell rather thick, oval, ventricose, with the posterior side 
acuminated and the umbones elevated, sulcated, white, radiated 
with angular and undulated brown lines, m some instances 
clustered in bands; ventral edge rounded. A broad band of dark 
blackish or purplish brown occupies the centre of the interior. 

Ticao, Philippines; Cuming. The large specimen figured is 
in the collection of Mr. Gubba. 


101. Cyruzr#a sutcatina (pl. exxxiv. f. 145, 146), La- 
marck, Anim. s. vert. Cyth. no. 29. 


Cyth. testi C. Hebrae simili, sed medio levigata, intis alba, 
extiis radiatim et concentricé fasciati, vel omnino nigrescente- 
castanea, anticé albo radiata. 

This shell is smooth excepting at the sides, whereas C. Hebraa 
is grooved all over; it is white or gently tinged with yellow 
inside. One variety is rayed with brown bands connected by 
undulating lines and bands in the opposite direction ; the other 
is of a deep chestnut-brown all over, excepting at the anterior 
side, where it has several whitish rays. 


Philippines. Cuming. 
102. Cyrumra#a trimacutata (pl. exxxiv. f. 147), Lamarck, 
Anim, s. vert. Cyth. no. 41. 


Cyth. testa omnino sulcaté ut in C. Hebred, postics magis 
4 0 


642 


rotundatad, albidd, castaneo radiati; lunul& et ared dorsali pur- 
pureis ; inttis sub umbones et ad impressiones laterales purpureo 
trimaculata. 

The hinder side is not quite so acuminated as in C. Hebrea, 
and inside there are three broad purplish spots in each valve, one 
under the umbones, and one covering each lateral muscular im- 
pression. The dorsal area and lunule are both tinged with 
purplish-brown. 

Pasacao and Catbalonga, Island of Samar, Philippines. Cuming. 


103. CyrHEerma castrensis (pl. exxxiv. f. 151, 152, 153, 
154), Linneus (Venus castrensis). Var. Venus australis et 
Venus Lorenziana, Chemun. 


Cyth. testé crassi, rotundati, subdepressi, levi, ad latera 
concentricé subsulcati; albidd, lineis vel maculis angulatis plus 
minus suffusis picté, nonnunquam griseo nebulata; latere antico 
breviusculo, rotundato, lunulé distincta, subtumida; latere postico 
subquadrato; umbonibus et margine dorsali elevatis ; intus palli 
impressione integra. 

Shell thick, flattish, rounded, smooth, shghtly grooved at the 
sides, particularly the anterior; whitish, with angular lines or 
spots more or less spread, and sometimes with greyish cloudy 
colouring ; anterior side rather the shorter ; the upper part rather 
excavated, and the lunule tumid; posterior side rather squared, 
with the umbones and dorsal margin rather raised ; no sinus in 
the pallial impression. 

“ Indian Ocean,” Lamarck. Vig. 158, 154 are from specimens 
brought by Mr. Cuming from the Philippine Islands; fig. 153, 
from Mr. Gubba’s collection, may be taken to represent the 
Australian variety. 


104. CyrHerma ornata (pl. cxxxiv. f. 149), Lamarck, 
Anim. s. vert. Cyth. no. 82. Var. C. picta, Lamarck, no. 33. 
V. castrensis, var., nonnul. 


Cyth. testa C. castrensi simili, sed magis obliqua, posticé sub- 
acuminata ; lineis elongatis, suffusis, et obliquis; sulcis nullis. 

Shell more oblique than C. castrensis, quite smooth, the hinder 
part more sloping and acuminated, the colouring in lines spread 
at one side and very obliquely angulated. 

Philippines. Cuming. 


105. CyrHeR#A HIEROGLYPHICA (pl. exxxiv. f. 150), Conrad, 


643 


Journ. A. N.S. Phil. vol. vii. p. 253. t. 19. f. 22. Phelipm, Abbild. 
Cyth. t. 3. £. 4. Hanley, Sp. of Shells, p. 104. 


Cyth. test C. castrensi simili, sed magis ovali; latere postico 
magis elongato, subquadrato, margine ventrali magis rotundato ; 
maculis parvis, angulatim dispositis. 

Shell much more oval than C. castrensis, with the hinder side 
longer and the ventral margin more bulging. ‘The spots are 
small, arranged so as to form angular lines. 

Sandwich Islands. 


106. Cyrnerma rasticiata (pl. cxxxv. f. 158, 159), 
Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. test C. castrensi simili, sed ovali, posticé attenuata, 
subacuminataé ; umbonibus parvulis; lunuld subcomplanata, griseo 
angulatim variegata. 

Shell more oval than C. castrensis, and with the dorsal margin 
much less sloped than C. ¢igrina ; the umbones are much smaller 
than in the former, with the lunule rather flatter; the colouring 
is arranged in large angles, either linear or broad, greyish-brown. 

Sydney ; Jukes. Cabinets of Cuming and Sowerby. 


107. CyTHEerma TIGRINA (pl. exxxv. f. 155, 156, 157), La- 
marck, Anim. s. vert. Cyth. no. 34. -V. castrensis, V. picta, et 
V. ornata, var., nonnwd. 


Cyth. testa crassi, subovali, ventricosi, medio levi, ad latera et 
marginem ventralem undulatim sulcaté ; umbonibus prominulis ; 
lunulaé subcomplanataé; margine dorsali declivi; latere antico 
brevi, rotundato; latere antico subattenuato, ad terminum sub- 
quadrato ; colore intis croceo, extus albido, fusco-rubescente an- 
gulatim varié disposito. 

Shell thick, rather oval, ventricose, smooth in the middle, but 
grooved at the sides and towards the ventral margin; whitish, 
with various markings of dark reddish-brown placed angularly ; 
dorsal margins much sloped ; posterior side rather attenuated and 
squarish at the end. All the specimens have a tinge of yellow 
inside, and var. fig. 155 has also a good deal of purplish-black near 
the edge. 

Catbalonga, Island of Samar, Philippines. Cuming. 


108. Cyruer#a Arasica (pl. cxxxv. f. 165, 166, 168), 
Chemn. Conch. f. 1968-70. 


Cyth. testa ovali, subquadrata, subdepressd, obtusé subundulatim 


644. 


sulcata, albida, fasciis stramineis et punctis rubris, vel grisea, ma- 
culis rubescentibus seriatim dispositis biradiata, vel aurantiaca, 
fulvo radiata ; inttis purpureo et aurantio varie pict’; latere an- 
tico brevi, declivi, lunuli subdistincté ; latere postico oblongo, 
quadrato, margine dorsali paululum declivi, ad ligamentum vix 
recedente. 

Shell oblong-oval, rather squared posteriorly, with fine, blunt, 
not quite continuous sulci, various in colouring, generally speckled 
and radiated, and painted within with orange and purple; anterior 
side very short and sloping, with the lunule not very distinct ; 
posterior dorsal margin full up to the ligament. 

Red Sea. Varieties, fig. 165, Mr. Cuming’s collection, fig. 166 
and 168, Mr. Gubba’s. 


109. Cyrumraa Lenticrnosa (pl. cxxxv. f. 160, 161, 162), 
Chemnitz, Conch. f. 1963, 1964. C. Pfeitferi, Philippi, Abbild. 
te Patol. 


Cyth. testé ovali, subventricosi, cbtusissimé concentricé sul- 
cata, sulcis subundulatis, fuscd, vel pallidé fulva, grisescente, ma- 
culis et lineis nigrescentibus praecipué ad margines picté, ad um- 
bones purpurascente, intus griseo nebulaté ; umbonibus obtusis ; 
lunulé subcomplanata ; area dorsali excavata. 

The grooves are more obtuse and less numerous than in C. Ara- 
bica; the shell is more oval, the umbones not quite so prominent, 
and the dorsal area is holiow. The colour is brown or yellowish, 
tinted with purplish-grey, particularly inside and at the umbones ; 
at the edges all round there are diverging lines composed of 
blackish spots. 

Red Sea. 


110. Cyrnpraa ABBREVIATA (pl. exxxv.f.170,171), Lamarck, 
Anim. s. vert. Cyth. no. 62; Delessert, Recueil Choisi, t. 9. f. 1. 


Cyth. testa C. Arabica simili, sed breviore, anticé quadrata ; 
sulcis acutiusculis, magis distantibus, integris, continuis. 

In the two rather different-looking shells which we figure under 
this name, the back part is much shorter and more square than in 
C. Arabica: this might be accidental, but the grooves are also 
more distant and sharp, and all continuous. 

Indian Ocean, Lamarck. Var. fig. 170, Mr. Sowerby’s speci- 
men ; fig. 171, Mr. Gubba’s. 


111. Cyruera@a suBeniirtica (pl. cxxxv. f. 169), Sowerby, 


Jun 
Cyth. testa ovali-rotundata, ventricosa, distanter concentrice sul- 


645 


cata, alb’'; maculis angulatis magnis sparsis fasciatim dispositis ; 
latere antico breviusculo, lunuld vix distinctai; latere postico ob- 
tusissimé subangulato; margine dorsali subdeclivi. 

Shell of a rounded-oval form, ventricose, white, with broad an- 
gulated large spots disposed in two or three bands; concentri- 
cally ribbed, the ribs distant and rather sharp. 

Locality unknown. Jus. Cuming. 


112. Cyrner#a catyriea (pl. exxxv. f. 164), Born (Venus), 
Mus. Cas. t. 5. f. 1. 


Cyth. testi ovali-suboblonga, compressa, concentricé planulatim 
sulcata, alba, fusco angulatim pictai; latere antico brevi, lunuld 
distincté, angustata ; latere postico subelongato, margine dorsali 
subdeclivi. 

The identification of this shell is conjectural; but it closely 
resembles the figure quoted. It is of a rather lengthened ellip- 
tical form, flat, with flattish concentric ridges, which are less dis- 
tinct in the centre; white, with broad angular markings of red- 
dish-brown defined by strong lines. 

Locality unknown. Mus. Cuming. 


118. Cyrnera@a ELEGANS (pl. exxxv. f. 163), Koch, Phi- 
lippi, Abbild. t. 1. f. 4. 


Cyth. testa ovali, levigata, partim concentricé sulcata, albido- 
grisescente, fusco-rufescente, maculis magnis, binis, suffusis, ra- 
diatim picta, ints purpureo ad margines pictd; latere postico 
subacuminato, margine dorsali subrotundato. 

Shell oval, smooth in the centre, but with slight ridges at the 
sides and near the ventral margin; of a mottled greyish colour, 
with two large, broad, radiating patches of rich reddish-brown ; in- 
side greyish-white, with touches of purplish-brown at the margins. 

Swan River. Jus. Cuming. 


114, CyrHErma ELLIPTICcA (pl. cxxxv. f. 173, 174), Sowerby, 
jun. C.calypiga? Philippi, Abbild. t.9. f.1; non Born, t. 5. £1. 


Cyth. testa ovali, depressi, levigata, partim griseo-fulva, prope 
umbones purpurascente, ad marginem fulva, fusco angulatim 
pictaé; inttis albido-subcerulescente, ad margines fusci, in medio 
maculata ; latere antico concentricé sulcato ; latere postico longi- 
usculo, striato; margine dorsali subplanulato, nigro-punctato ; 
lunuld elongataé, parva, distincta. 

Shell oval, flattish, smooth in the centre, anteriorly grooved, 


646 


posteriorly substriated, curiously coloured near the umbones and 
inside with mottled grey and purple; in the centre of the outer 
surface of a dull bay; at the margin yellow, with brown angular 
markings. 

Locality unknown. Specimen in Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


115. CyrHERma SPLENDENS (pl. cxxxv. f. 167), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. testa C. dentiginose simili, sed magis rotundaté ; margine 
dorsali vix excavato, margine ventrali subinflato; colore pallidé 
fulvo, griseo nebulato, maculis obliquis castancis suffusis utrinque 
variegato. 

The difference between this species and C. dentiginosa is more 
easily seen than described. This is rather more rounded, and 
fuller at the dorsal margin ; the colouring is a bright tortoise-shell, 
arranged in angular patches on each side, which join each other 
at intervals. 

The specimens, which are very beautiful, are in the collections 


of Mr. Gubba and Mr. Sowerby. ° 


LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CXXVII. TO CXXXVI. 


(The Figure after each name ts the number of the Species.) 


Puate CXXVII. 


Fig. Fig. 

1-38. C. Crassatelloides, 1. 17. C. incerta, 18. 
4, — dubia, 2. 18-22. — tripla, 6. 
5. — virginea, 3. 23, 24. — Hanleyana, 16. 
6. — ventricosa, 5. 25. — nitidula, 14, 


7-9. — Damaoides, 4. 26. — iineata, 15. 
10, 11. — bicolor, 19. a Hindsii, 8. 
12. — undulata, 21. 28-31. — radiata, 9. 


13. — planulata, 20. 32, — gracilior, 10. 
14, — polita, 22. 33, 34. — compressa, 13. 


lie Dolabella, 23. 35. — intermedia, 12. 
36. — Mactroides, 11. 
Prate CXXVIII. 37-39. — corbicula, 7. 


16. — trigonella, 17. 40-42. — lusoria, 26. 


647 


Prats CXXIX. Piate CXXXII. 
Fig. Fig. 

43, 44, 46. C. casta, 31. 97 dis. C. aurantia, 58. 
45. C. ovum, 32. 98. — Chione, 59. 
47. — formosa, 28. 99, 100. — concinna, 64. 

48-50. — meretrix, 24. 101. — affinis, 62. 

51, 52. — petechialis, 25. 102, 103. — tortuosa, 63. 

53, 54. — zonaria, 29. 104-106. — circinata, 65. 

55-58. — impudica, 30. 107. — cygnus, 66. 

59-60. — morphina, 27. 108. — rosea, 68. 

61. — lyrata, 33. 109. — brevispina, 71. 
62. — argentina, 34. 110. — Dione, 67. 
_ 111. — lupinaria, 69. 
Puate CXXX. 112. — multispinosa, 70. 


113-115. — striata, 87. 
116. — subinflata, 88. 

117, 118. — citrina, 86. 
119. — conyexa, 90. 


63-66. — umbonella, 37. 
67. — purpurata, 36. 
68. — nobilis, 35. 
69. — erycina, 38. 

70, 71. — costata, 40. 


12. — festiva, 47. Prats CXXXIII. 


73. — pulchra, 43. 120. — trigona, 74. 
74. — lilacina, 49. 121. — albina, 73. 
75. — pectoralis, 48. 122. — rostrata, 75. 
76. — multiradiata, 39. 123, 124. — leta, 84. 
125, 126. — obliquata, 85. 
Prats CXXXI. 127, 128. — inflata, 89. 


129-182. — Kingii, 92*. 
133, 134. — inconspicua, 92. 
135. — pallescens, 91. 
136. — subpellucida, 94. 
137. — fulminata, 99. 
138, 139. — varians, 95. 
140-142. — pannosa, 82. 


77. — impar, 46. 
78, 79. — spathulata, 45. 
80, 81. — Sinensis, 44. 

82. — semisulcata, 42. 
83, 84. — obesa, 50. 

85. — erycinella, 41. 

86. — gigantea, 57. 
87-89. — squalida, 61*. 
90, 91. — unicolor, 61. 
93, 94. — maculata, 60. 143, 144. — Hebrea, 100. 
95, 96. — vulnerata, 72. 145, 146. — sulcatina, 101. 

97. — maculata, 60. | 147. — trimaculata, 102. 


Puate CXXXIV. 


648 


Fig. Piate CXXXVI. 
148. C. Hebraea, 100. Fig. 
149. — ornata, 104. 175. C. piperita, 51. 
150. — hieroglyphica, 105. 176. — Philppinarum, 52. 
151-154. — castrensis, 103. 177. — multistriata, 56. 
178. — acuminata, 75*. 


179. — indecora, 78. 


Prats CXXXY. 180, 18]. — Manille, 77. 
155-157. — tigrina, 107. 182, 183. — simplex, 54. 
158, 159. — fastigiata, 106. 184. — modesta, 55. 
160-162. — lentiginosa, 109. 185, 186. — fluctuata, 79. 

163. — elegans, 113. 187. —- albocincta, 83. 
164. — calypiga, 112. 188. — Belcheri, 80. 
165, 166. — Arabica, 108. 189. — angulifera, 81. 
167. — splendens, 115. 190. — pellucida, 93. 
168, — Arabica, var., 108. 191. — Tellinoides, 76. 
169. — subelliptica, 111. 192. — bullata, 96. 
170, 171. — abbreviata, 110. 193-196. — florida, 53. 
173, 174. — elliptica, 114. 197-199. —- Venetiana, 97. 


200, 201. — limatula, 98. 


MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS 


CIRCE. 


Fam. Veneride. 


Char. Gen. Testa sequivalva, ineequilatera; umbonibus compla- 
natis, striis vel costellis divaricatim rugatis; lunula cordiformi, 
impressi, distincti ; ligamento in aream foveolatam sub marginem 
dorsalem instructo; cardine lato, dentibus cardinalibus divergen- 
tibus, quorum mediano striato, et dente laterali uno antico in 
utraque valvi posito; impressionibus muscularibus duabus, late- 
ralibus ; impressione pallu integra. 


649 


The dentition and general characters of this genus are the same 
as those of Cytherea; but the peculiar flatness of the umbones, 
the total want of sinus in the pallial impression, and the diverg- 
ing tendency in the radiating striz or ribs, together, seem to 
separate this group from the rest of the Veneride. It must be 
observed, however, that these distinctions are not absolute. The 
flatness of the umbones is not apparent in a// the specimens of a// 
the species; the diverging striz or ribs are not visible in the little 
shell (which, nevertheless, we can find no place for anywhere else) 
named C. minima; and, with regard to the want of sinus in the 
pallial impression, universal in this genus, the same character is 
observed in numerous species of Cytherea and Venus; and not 
only so, but the passage from species with a distinct sinus to 
those without any is so gradual, that it would be impossible to 
rest a generic division upon that ground alone. The characters 
must be taken, with all their exceptions, in combination, and 
these shells, placed apart from the Cytherea, in the same case, 
appeal to the eye as presenting a very distinguishable group. 


Secr. I. Zesta ovalis, radiatum costata, varie fusco-rubescente 
angulatim picta. 


1. Circe protinata (pl. cxxxvi. f. 1, 2,3). Venus pecti- 
nata, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1135. 


Cir. testi oblonga, plerumque subcompressi, postice sub- 
quadraté; costis nodulosis numerosis, posticé divaricatis, tum 
gradatim radiantibus, antice divaricatis ; margine dorsali exca- 
vato; variat costis magnis. 

The ribs are numerous at the back, very diverging and bifur- 
cated, then at the angle gradually becoming more entire and 
radiating, and at the front side very diverging again; the dorsal 
margin is decidedly excavated. Var. fig. 3 has the ribs as coarse 
as in the next species, but the long ones near the posterior 
angle do not quite reach the apex. 

Indian Ocean ; Lamarck. Philippines ; Cuming. Also, Red Sea. 


2. Crrce erpsia (pl. cxxxvii. f. 4, 5, 6,7). Cytherzea gibba, 
Lamarck, no. 64. C.ranella, Lamarck, no. 65, inclusa. 


Cir. testé subovali, altiore, atate ventricosi, posticé oblique 
quadraté; ared distinctd, subtrigond, divaricatim costatd, tum 
costis noduliferis duabus aut tribus magnis radiantibus, ad umbones 
extensis ; medio et anticé costis noduliferis, magnis, bifurcatis. 

4p? 


650 


Shell always deeper from apex to ventral margin than the last 
species ; a distinct posterior area, with beaded ribs very diverging, 
then two or three broad beaded ribs, with distinct intervals reach- 
ing from top to bottom; the rest of the ribs rather smaller, bi- 
furcated, and at the anterior side very diverging. 

Philippine Islands ; Cuming. Also Red Sea. 


3. Circe prvaricata (pl. exxxvii. f. 8, 9), Gmelin. 


Cir. test’ subelongata, depressi, posticé subacuminati ; costis 
vix noduliferis, numerosis, posticé obliquis, medio radiatis, prope 
angulum posticum acutangulatim confluentibus. 

Shell like C. pectinata, but more oblique and acuminated pos- 
teriorly, and the ribs, which are small and comparatively smooth, 
unite more gradually and obliquely near the posterior angle. 
The colouring is arranged in broad angular patches rising over 
each other, and forming grotesque figures. Fig. 9 a, the ribs 
form a series of acute angles at their posterior confluence; Mr. 
Sowerby’s specimen. 


Red Sea. Mozambique; Hanley. Philippines; Cuming. 


4. Circe mquivoca (pl. cxxxvu. f. 12, 13, 14, 15), Chem- 
nite (Venus), f.1980. Cytherea testudinalis, Lamarck, no. 67. 
Var. C. placunanella, Lamarck, no. 69. C. cuneata, C. mixta, 
Lamarck? 


Cir. test plerumque altd, posticé subobliqua, anticé concen- 
tricé subsulcaté; costis parvulis, numerosis, in medio acutangu- 
latim divaricatis ; colore nonnunquam ad margines lineari. 

The ribs are generally finer than in the other species, the 
posterior and anterior ones meeting in very acute angles near the 
middle of the shell. 

Red Sea. 


5. Crrce pispar (pl. cxxxvu. f. 10, 11), Chemmnitz, vol. xi. 
t. 202. f. 1981, 1982. Cytherea muscaria, Lamarck, no. 59. 
Cyth. pulicaria, Lamarck, no. 60. 


Cir. testa rubro-punctaté et angulatim variegata ; posticé costis 
divaricatis, anticé concentricis. 

In some of the flatter varieties of the preceding species the 
anterior rays are so crossed by concentric lines, that it is not easy 


651 


to say which predominate ; yet the rays are there. In this species 

there are no traces of them, but in the hinder part of the shell 

they are strong and oblique, while in the front part there are 

only concentric ribs. The colouring is arranged in pinkish spots. 
Locality uncertain. 


6. Cron australis (pl. cxxxvi. £.16, 17), Sowerby, jun. 


Cir. posticé subquadrata, costulis divergentibus, prope margi- 
nem anticum costulis divergentibus brevibus, in medio costis 
angularibus concentricis ; colore pallidé fulvo, lineis divergentibus 
et maculis fuscis ; intts purpurascente-fusco nebulato, ad mar- 
ginem nigro-punctato. 

Shell with diverging ribs and black lines at the back, concen- 
tric ridges in the middle, and diverging short ribs near the an- 
terior margin; colour pale brown inside, clouded with purplish- 
brown, with black spots at the edges. 

North-eastern Australia. 


Suot. 2. Testa rotundata, compressa, prope umbones et ad latera 
divergenti-costata vel striata, varie fusco angulatim picta, 
lunuld distinctd. 


7. Circe sorrpta (pl. cxxxix. f. 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43). 
Venus scripta, Linn., Syst. Nat. p.1135. Var. C. violacea, Schum. 


Cir. test’ compressa ; costis concentricis numerosis ; margine 
dorsali_rectiusculo, elevato, subcomplanato; lunula distincta; 
costulis divergentibus, prope umbones indistinctis. 

Shell rather flat, with the hinder part broad and square; dorsal 
edge straight and elevated; concentric ribs numerous, particu- 
larly at the back ; diverging rays near the umbones scarcely per- 
ceptible. 

Red Sea and Australia. 


8. Circe unpatina (pl. cxxxviil. f. 22, 23, 24, 25, 26). Cy- 
thereea undatina, Lamarck, no. 56. 


Cir. testa C. scripte simili, sed magis ventricosd ; margine dor- 
sali subarcuato, declivi; costis majoribus, rotundatis. 

Shell more ventricose than C. serzpta, the dorsal margin more 
rounded and sloped downwards ; the ribs generally larger. Varia- 
tions in colouring the same. 

Red Sea and Australia. 


652 


9. Circe NuMMULINA (pl. cxxxvii. f.27). Cytherea num- 
mulina, Lamarck, no. 58. 


Cir. testa C. seripta seu C. undatine simili, sed costulis diver- 
gentibus omnino radiata. 

This may possibly be a mere variety of the preceding, with the 
diverging rays spread nearly all over the shell. 

Locality unknown. Mus. Cuming. 


10. Crrcz tumpracta (pl. cxxxviii. f. 28, 29, 80), Sowerby, 
Jun. 


Cir. testé subventricosi, subobliqua, marginibus medio subro- 
tundatis, prope umbones inflata, leviter divaricatim costata; mar- 
gine dorsali declivi, subcomplanato ; lunuli complanati ; colore 
albido, plerumque rufo-scripto. 

Shell a little more oblique and ventricose than C. wndatina, 


with a greater tendency to swell near the umbones, which are 
slightly ribbed. 


Locality unknown. 


11. Crrce pricatina (pl. exxxvii. f. 31, 32). Cytherea 
plicatina, Lamarck, no. 71. 


Cir. test subventricosi, subobliqué ; marginibus subrotundatis ; 
costis concentricis magnis, nitentibus, subcomplanatis ; lateribus 
prope umbones divaricatim costatis. 

Shell shaped like C. ¢umefacta, but with the concentric ribs 
broad, shining, and a little flattened. 

Indian Ocean and New Holland. 


12. Crrce rivuLaris (pl. cxxxix. f.46, 47, 48), Menke, 


q 


Cir. testa complanata, alti, supernée subangustata, albd, rubes- 
cente, vel pallidé luted vel fusco laté radiati, intus rosed ; mar- 
gine dorsali declivi, crenulato ; costis distantibus, irregularibus, 
interstitiis complanatis. 

Shell flat, high, rather narrow towards the umbones, pinkish- 
white, or yellowish, or pale brown with broad suffused radiating 
bands of brown, pinkish within, ribs distant, with flattish inter- 
vals ; lunule and dorsal area flattened, marked and crenulated by 
the few diverging ribs near the umbones. 

New Holland and Rain’s Island. Captain Ince, R.N. 


13. Crrce rucirera (pl. exxxix. f.44, 45). Cythereea ru- 
gosa, Lamarck, no.70. Venus corrugata, Dillwyn. 


Cir. test&é subcomplanata, posticé subangulata, polita, prope 


653 


umbones rugulosi, grisescente-fulvé, minuté lineis rubris omnino 
script’ ; posticeé subquadraté; marginibus dorsalibus declivibus, 
rubris ; costis elevatis, distinctis, posticé subangulatis. 

Shell rather flattish, squarish at the back, smooth, strongly 
roughened near the umbones by the diverging and undulating 
ribs; of a greyish-white or pale buff, marked with minute an- 
gular reddish lines; dorsal margins flattened, red; ribs large, 
deep cut, with distinct intervals, angular at the back. 

New Holland; Lamarck. Mr. Gabba, Mr. Hanley, and Mr. 


Sowerby possess specimens. 


14. Crece crocza (pl. xlix. f.49,50, 51,52), Gray, in Analyst, 
1838. 


Cir. testa obliqua, forma variante, marginibus rotundatis, albida, 
epidermide lute’ induta, nonnunquam fusco prope umbones bi- 
radiatim picti, intis luted, anticé concentricé sulcati, posticé levi- 
gat; umbonibus divaricatim rugatis; lunula et ared dorsali sub- 
purpureis. 

Shell oblique, rather rounded, variable in thickness, white, with 
a light yellowish epidermis, sometimes with two chestnut bands 
radiating a short distance from the umbones; within, yellowish 
in the centre; outside, concentrically striated near the umbones, 
and from the front to the middle of the shell; smooth at the 
back; dorsal margin full, tinged with dull purple; lunule also 
tinged with the same colour. 


Red Sea. In the cabinets of Mr. Gubba and Mr. Cuming. 


15. Circe presysa (pl. exxxvii. f. 33, 34, 35, 36, 37), 
Hanley (Cythereea), Wood’s Suppl. pl. 15. f.37. Cyth. erythraa, 
Jonas, Philippi, Abbild. pl. ix. f. 2. 


Cir. test obliqué rotundata, lenticulari, minuté concentricé 
striata, albidd, fulvo literata, vel fuscd, vel fusco variegata; area 
dorsali et lunuld minute divaricatim striatis. 

Shell rather round, lenticular, concentrically striated, whitish, 
sprinkled or lettered, or entirely covered with brown; within, 
pinkish or purplish brown; posterior and anterior dorsal margins 
short, generally dark brown or spotted, minutely striated with 
raised diverging lines. 

New Batavia. Philippi. 


16. Crrce minima (pl. exxxvii. f. 18, 19, 20,21). Venus 
minima, Montagu, Test. Brit. p. 121. pl. 3. £..3; Turton, Dill- 


654 


wyn, &c. Venus triangularis, Mont., Test. Brit. p. 577. Cyprina 
minima, Cyprina triangularis, Zwrton. Cythereea apicalis, Philippi, 
Moll. Sicil. vol. i. p. 40, pl. 4. f. 5. Cytheraea Cyrilli, Philippi, 
Moll. Sicil. vol. 1. p. 32. Cythereea minuta, Brown, IIlustr. 
Conch. p. 92. pl. 37. f. 4. 


Cir. test parva, lenticulari vel subtrigond, concentricé striata, 
vari picta. 

This small species varies considerably in form, as well as in the 
fineness of the concentric striz or ribs. From the entire absence 
of diverging lines near the umbones, its place in this genus is 
doubtful ; but from its entire resemblance in all other respects to 
shells of the second section, we follow King, Hanley, &c., in 
placing it here. 

South of Great Britain, and in the Mediterranean. 


LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CXXXVII. TO CXXXIX. 


(The Figure after each name is the number of the Species.) 


Puate CXXXVII. Fig. 
Fig. 27. C. nummulina, 9. 
1-3. C. pectinata, 1. 28-30. — tumefacta, 10. 
4—7. — gibbia, 2, 31, 32. — plicatina, 11. 
8, 9. — divaricata, 3. 33-37. — plebeja, 15. 
10, 11. — dispar, 5. 
12-15. — equivoca, 4. Puars CXXXIX. 


16, 17. — australis, 6. 
38-43. — scripta, 7. 


Prats CXXXVIII. 44, 45. — rugifera, 13. 
18-21. — minima, 16. 46-48. — rivularis, 12. 
22-26. —— undatina, 8. 49-52. —— crocea, 14. 


MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS 


ARTEMIS. 


Fam. Veneride. 


Char. Gen. Testa eequivalvis, ineequilateralis, plus minusve or- 
bicularis, plerumque compressa, concentricé striata aut costellata, 
anticé prope umbones plerumque lunulata. Cardo fortis, subsepti- 
formis, dentibus tribus aut quatuor divergentibus ; ligamento elon- 
gato, partim interno. Impressiones musculares pyriformes ; im- 
pressio pallii sinu profundo acute trigono. 

The shells of this genus are easily distinguishable from Cy- 
therea, not only by their general form, which is lenticular, but 
by the deep angular sinus in the impression of the mantle, in- 
dicating a peculiarity in the animal. Nearly all the shells are 
of a white or light colour, and have concentric ridges or strie. 
Three species are found in Europe; a few in America, Australia, 
and North Africa; and the greater number in Japan, China, the 
Philippines, and other localities in the Kastern Seas. 


Sect. 1. Dorsal margin simple ; concentric ridges flat. 


1. Arremis concentrica (pl. cxl. f. 1), Gmelin (Venus), 
Syst. Nat. p. 3286. 


Art. testi subrotundata, latiore quam alta, alba, epidermide 
pallidé stramined, concentricé sulcati, sulcis continuis; margine 
dorsali elevato, simplici; lunuld profunds excavata. 

Rounded, but wider than high; white, with a pale straw- 
coloured epidermis ; concentrically and continuously grooved, the 
interspaces being narrow and flat; no ligamental area; lunule 
deeply impressed. 

Porto Portrero, Central America. Cuming. 


2. ARTEMIS DIsTANS (pl. cx]. f.3), : 


Art. testi crass’, ventricosi, posticé expansi, alba, epidermide 
4aQ 


656 


pallidé stramine’ induta, concentricé distanter sulcata, sulcis ad 
latera profundis paucioribus; margine dorsali elevato ; latere 
antico parvo; lunuld excavati, impressi. 

More ventricose than A. concentrica, with the anterior sides 
small, and the posterior side large ; the sulci very distant im the 
middle, and very deeply cut at the sides. 

Locality unknown. ‘There are several specimens in Mr. 
Cuming’s collection. 


3. ARrEmMIs ponpDEROSA (pl. exl. f. 2), Gray, Analyst, 1838, 
vol. vi. p. 809. Cytherea gigantea, Sowerby, Philippi, Abbild. 
pln. tL, 


Art. testa subrotundati, crass, alb&, epidermide pallidé mi- 
tente induti, irregulariter concentricé sulcati, sulcis in medio 
evanidis; ligamento elongato; margine cardinali lato, crasso ; 
margine dorsali subelevato, simplici; lunulé planati, profundé 
impressa. 

More orbicular than A. concentrica, with the sulci worn out, 
as it were, in the middle and towards the ventral margin. 

Gulf of California ; sandy mud at low water. 


4, Artemis NrveNs (pl. exl. f. 11), Reeve, Conch. Icon. Ar- 
¢emis, pl. ut. f. 12. A. concentrica, var. ? Hd. 


Art. test’ subrotundata, paulultm latiore quam alti, alba, epi- 
dermide tenui nitente indutd, regulariter concentricé sulcatd ; ared 
hgamenti nulli; margine dorsali subdeclivi. 

Smaller, when full-grown, and rounder than A. gigantea, with 
the sulci smaller, more regular, and more continuous. It is not 
easily distinguishable from A. concentrica, but its dorsal edge is 
not quite so much raised. 

Locality unknown. In Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


5. Arremts tnetsa (pl. exl. f. 7), Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. i. 
jel 

Art. testa 4. Patagonice simili, sed magis rotundata, prope um- 
bones magis compressa. 

If there be a real difference between this species and 4. Pata- 
gonica, it will be found in the greater roundness of outline and 
the want of fullness and prominence of the shell at and about 
the beaks. 

North Australia. Jukes. 


657 


6. Artemis Pataconica (pl exl. f. 8), Philippi (Cytherwa), 
Abbild. pli. f. 1. 


Art. testé subquadratim rotundata, subcompressa, albida, epi- 
dermide tenui induti, concentricé sulcata ; margine dorsal sim- 
plici, parum arcuati; umbonibus amplioribus, lateralibus. 

Not so wide in proportion to its height as A. ponderosa and 
A. concentrica, but of a rather more obliquely square form, with 
the umboes very lateral and full. 

Patagonia. Philippi. 


7. Arremis Dunxert (pl. exl. f.5), Plitippi (Cytherea) 
Abbild. Cyth. pl. i. £.5 


Art. test’ rotundata, vix latiore quam alta, alba’, epidermide 
pallidé induti, concentricé sulcata, sulcis continuis, in medio sub- 
distantibus ; margine dorsali declivi; lunulé excavata. 

Higher than A. concentrica, with the dorsal margin more 
sloping, and the lunule not so deeply excavated. 

St. Hlena and Panama, Central America; sandy mud at low 

i 3 d 
water. Cuming. 


8. ArremMis SIMPLEX (pl. exl. f. 6), Hanley, Cat. Recent 
Shells, pl. xv. f. 41. 


Art. testa oblique altiore quam lati, albé, epidermide tenui in- 
duta, concentrice sulcata, sulcis numerosis, eequalibus, continuis ; 
margine dorsali obliquo ; lunuld impressi, vix excavata. 

More obliquely elevated at the umboes (which are lateral), 
than any of the group beginnmg with 4. concentrica, with the 
dorsal margin more sloping, Pand the g grooves more numerous and 
regular than 4. Dunkeri. 

“Locality unknown. 


9. ARTEMIS CONCINNA (pl. exl. f. 4), Sowerby, jun. 


Art. testi ovali, alba, concentricé tenué striati, latiore quam 
alti; epidermide tenui, nitente. 

More oval and with finer sulci than A. simplex and similar 
species. 

Locality unknown. 


10. Arremts piscus (pl. exl. f. 9), Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. ii. 
ilies Si 


Art. testi compressa, subquadrata, subtiliter striata, pallide 
fulva, prope marginem pallidissimé grisescente, omnino tenud in- 


658 


ciso-striata ; sulcis intermediis versus latera terminatis; margine 
dorsali simplici, subarcuato, margine postico rectiusculo; lunulé 
breviusculf ; epidermide cornea, fulva. 

Of a rather square form, very compressed, and with very finely 
cut striz; distinguishable at sight from the others of the group, 
by its squareness and flatness. 

America. 


11. Artemis pLana (pl. exl. f. 10), Reeve, Conch. Icon. Ar- 
temas, pl. in. f. 18. 


Art. testi compressi, subquadrata, albi, epidermide induta, 
concentricé tenuissime striati, striis in medio obsoletis; area 
ligamenti simplici; lunuld suboblongd; umbonibus acutis. 

Like A. discus, flat and square, but with the striz so fine as 
to be scarcely perceptible and nearly obsolete in the middle. 

China. 


Srcr. 2. Dorsal margins simple; concentric ridges or strie 
raised. 


12. Arremis pxotera (pl. exli. f. 12, 43, 14), Linneus 
(Venus), Syst. Nat. 12th edit. p. 1134. Cytherea exoleta, La- 
marck.  Pectunculus capillaceus, Da Costa, Brit. Conch. p. 187. 
pl. sai. f.5.  Cythersea sinuata, Zurton, Dith. Brit. pl. vni. f. 7 
(figura solim). 


Art. test’ suborbiculari, compressi, etate ad latera subqua- 
drati, pallidé fulva, radiis et maculis angulatis rubescentibus 
nonnunquam varie picti, concentricé clevato-striata, striis subru- 
gosis subeequalibus ; margine dorsali simplici; are ligamenti in- 
distinctaé vel nulla; lunuli convexiusculdé, impressi; margine 
antico prope lunulam elevato. 

The shape is rather round, but when full-grown tending at the 
sides to square; the strie elevated, rather rough, but regular ; 
the dorsal edge simple, and on the front side raised towards the 
lunule. Some specimens are prettily variegated with brown mark- 
ings on broad pinkish rays, and some are beautifully tinted with 
rose-colour within. 

British and other European Seas. 


13. Arremts Lincta (pl. exli. f. 16), Pulteney (Venus), Hut- 
chins Dorset, p. 34. Venus sinuata, Zurton, Conch. Dith. p. 242. 
Cythereea lincta, Lamarck. 


Art. testa pallidé fulva, subnitente, ventricosd, subrotundata ; 


659 


marginibus dorsalibus subdeclivibus, simplicibus ; area Lgamenti 
nulla; lineis elevatis concentricis ad latera paululiim elevatis, 
sublaminatis, creberrimis ; lunulé impressa. 

The dorsal edges are more sloping, the shell more ventricose, 
the concentric ridges more nearly lamimated at the sides, and 
more smooth near the umboes, than in 4. evo/eta. 

Great Britain, and Seas of Southern Europe. 


14. Arremis scuupra (pl. exh. f. 15), Reeve, Conch. Icon. 
Artemis, pl. ix. f. 52. 


Art. testa orbiculari-subquadrataé, paulultin latiore quam alta, 
tumidiusculd, posticé expansd, albida, pallidé rubescente, strtis 
impressis radiantibus costellas concentricas decussantibus; costellis 
concentricis acutiusculis, crebris, ad latera (anticé praecipuc) lami- 
natis, undatis; margine dorsali elevato, simplici; lunulé oblong’, 
ampla, lamellatim rugosa. 

Rather more square and ventricose than 4. exo/eta, and differ- 
ing from any of its varieties in being decussated at the sides by 
impressed radiating strie crossing the concentric niblets, which 
are in that part laminated and undulated. 

Locality unknown. In Mr. Metcalfe’s cabinet. 


15. Artemis ampuipesmorpes (pl. exli. f. 17,18, 19), Reeve, 
Conch. Icon. Artemis, pl. vii. f.48. A. radiata, Reeve, ib. pl. vin. 
f. 37 inclusa. 


Art. testi subquadratim orbiculari, posticé magna, subflexuosa ; 
margine dorsali elevato, simplici, concentrice rugoso-costellato ; 
costellis elevatis numerosis, subeequalibus ; pallidé rufescente, 
fusco-radiaté, prope umbones nonnunquam purpurascente; lu- 
nula subrotundaté, profundé impressi. 

I cannot separate the variety named 4. radiata from this, on 
account of the accidental contortion of some specimens ; both 
are remarkable for the expansion of the hinder part of the shell, 
and the character of the ribs, which differ from those of A. exoleta 
in being more distinct and raised. 

Mouth of the river Gambia, Western Africa; also island of 
Burias, Philippines; in coarse sand, at a depth of six fathoms. 
Cuming. 


16. Arremis TRIGONA (pl. cxli. f. 29), Reeve, Conch. Icon. 
Artemis, sp. 42. Cytherea trigona (by error), Thes. Conch. 
part 12. 


660 


Art. testa subtrigona, lata, crassiusculé, alba, ferrugineo-tincta, 
concentricé irregulariter striati; are ligamenti simplici; lunulé 
amplissima, vix distinct. 

I think it is erroneous to place this species in the genus Cy- 
therea, for, notwithstanding its trigonal form, it has the essential 
characters of Artemis. It 1s mbbed, of a white colour, tinged 
with rusty-brown. The lunule is very broad and scarcely marked, 
and the area is simple. 

Red Sea. 


17. Artemis suBtricona (pl. cxh. f. 21), Sowerby, jun. 


Art. testa albida, ten, subtrigond, tenué et confertim elevatim 
striata; ared ligamenti paululiim depressi; lunuli magna, levi- 
gata, vix distincta. 

Rather white, thin, of a subtrigonal form, with very fine, close, 
concentric riblets. The lunule is large, circumscribed by a 
faintly impressed line. The lhgamental area not very distinctly 
depressed. 

Locality unknown. In Mr. Sowerby’s collection. 


18. Arremis tsocarpta (pl. exh. f. 29, 30), Dunker, Phil. 
Abbild. Cyth. p. 36. pl. vin. f. 5. 


Art. test& glauca, violaceo-tincta, alti, cordata, gibbosd, con- 
centricé minuté et acute striata; arei lgamenti paululim exca- 
vati; lunulé cordaté, subimpressi. Variat fusco-maculata, mar- 
gines et lunula violaceis, mtts purpurea. 

Heart-shaped, narrow, and ventricose; greyish-buff, tinged 
with purple; finely, evenly, and sharply striated; lunule defined 
by a slightly depressed line ; lgamental area rather excavated. 

Guinea. 


19. Arremis NaNus (pl. exh. f.31), Reeve, Conch. Icon. Ar- 
temis, pl. x. £. 57. 


Art. testi sordidé alba, subcordati, subgibbosi, concentricé 
costati, costis acutis, validis; ared ligamenti simplici; lunulé 
ampli, vix impressa. 

A small whitish shell, with the ridges very large in proportion 
to its size, and the lunule occupying a large part of the anterior 
side. here is no distinctly marked ligamental area. 

Locality unknown. In Mr. Cuming’s cabinet. 


661 


Sect. 3. Dorsal edge simple ; lunule expanded and indistinct. 


20. Arremis Cutnensts (pl. exh. f. 23, 24), Chemnitz, 
(Venus), pl. 171. f. 1663. Cyprina tenuistria, Lamarch:. 


Art. testA obliqué subquadrata, inflata, concentricé irregulariter 
striatA, striis elevatiusculis, radiatim tenuistriaté ; umbonibus la- 
teralibus; margine dorsali elevato, simplici; lunulé nulla; mar- 
gine ventrali et laterali intis crenatis; fulva, nonnunquam pur- 
pureo-fasciata. 

This species has no distinctly-marked lunule. It is rather 
square and inflated, of a fawn-colour, beautifully banded with 
purple; the inner edge crenated. 

China; Korea. 


21. ARTEMIS ORIENTALIS (pl. exliv. f. 79), Sowerby, gun. 


Art. test rotundata, ventricosd, concentrice et radiatim ad latera 
vix striata, pallidé aurantid, propé marginem ventralem rubes- 
cente; inttis margine crenato; lunula nulla. 

A fine specimen of this rounded, ventricose shell from Japan, 
has recently come into Mr. Cuming’s possession. It is much 
more round, smooth, and solid than 4. Chinensis. 


Japan. 


22. ArTemis INFLATA (pl. exh. f. 25), Sowerby, jun. 


Art. test& subrotundata, alba, tenuissimé concentricé striata ; 
lunuld nulla, intts fulvi; margine levi. 

Like A. Chinensis, but rounder and without the crenulations 
on the inner edge. 

Locality unknown. 


23. ARTEMIS TENUIS (pl. exh. f. 22), Sowerby, jun., Conch. 
Icon. Artemis, pl. ix. £. 53. 


Art. test inflata, tenui, alba, obliqué subquadrata, vix striata ; 
lunula nulla ; margine dorsali simplici, elevatd ; inttis margine levi. 

In form like A. Chinensis, but smooth, and without crenations 
on the inner edge. It is not so oval or sloping at the dorsal 
edge as A. inflata. 

Locality unknown. 


24, Arremis suBquADRATA (pl. exli. f. 27), Hanley, Wood’s 
Ind. Test. Suppl. pl. xv. f. 39. 


Art. test& subquadrata, tenui, inflata, stramined, post medium 


662 


subangulatim inflat’é, concentricé minutissimé striati; ared liga- 
menti simpli; margine dorsali elevato; lunuli nullé; margine 
antico brevi. 

Large when full-grown, thin and inflated, rather angular to- 
wards the back of the shell. The anterior side is short, and 
there is no lunule. 

St. Elena, West Columbia, in sandy mud at low water; and 
Lobos Island, Peru, in sandy mud, from six to seven fathoms. 
Cuming. 


25, ARTEMIS MACILENTA (pl. exli. f. 32), Reeve, Conch. Icon. 
Artemis, pl. ix. f. 51. 


Art. testé suborbiculari, obliqua, alba, tenui, compressa, levi- 
gata; lunula elongataé, mdistincta. 

Very thin, rather round, compressed, white, with the lunule 
scarcely defined. This may be the young of 4. swbquadrata. 


Sscr. 4. Dorsal margin depressed. 


26, ARTEMIS PENICILLATA (pl. cxli. f. 28), Reeve, Conch. 
Icon. Artemis, pl. vi. f. 32. 


Art. test& subquadrati, compressi, alb&i vel fulva, rufescente, 
lineis radiantibus subimpressis fuscescentibus pallidé notati, con- 
centricé striati; striis elevatiusculis, ad latera validioribus ; mar- 
gine dorsali postico rectiusculo; area ligamenti simplicé depressi, 
lmeari; margine antico declivi; lunulé sublanceolati, leviter 
impressa. 

Rather square at the back, more round and sloping in front, 
compressed, white or brownish, with impressed irregularly diverging 
and radiating lines of colour. The ligamental area is represented 
by a simple linear depression, and the lunule is rather long and 
narrow. 

Locality unknown. In Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


27. ARTEMIS ANGULOSA (pl. cxl. f. 26), Philippi, Abbild. 
Cytherea, pl. v. f. 1. A. longilunata, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. x. 
f.61. A. penicillata, var., Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. vi. f. 36. 


Art. testa A. penicillate simili, sed magis compressa et quadra- 
tim expansi; lunuld peculiariter elongata. 

Flatter and broader than A. penicidlata, with the lunule more 
elongated. 

In Mr. Hanley’s collection. 


663 


28. Arremts Lunarts (pl. exlit. f. 33), Lamarck, Anim. sans 
vert. (Cytherea, no. 46). dn Venus lupinus, Poli? 


Art. test obliqué elevata, solidi, compressa, prope umbones 
polita, vix ad margines tenuissimé striata ; are’ ligamenti de- 
pressa, indistinct ; lunuld parva, impressi; wmbonibus oblique 
productis. 

The elevation of the upper part towards the anterior side gives 
a peculiar obliquity to this shell, which is nearly white, flat, and 
smooth, excepting at the edges, where very fine strive are just 
visible. The lunule is small; the ligamental area formed by a 
slight depression of the dorsal margin, which is much sloped. 

Gulf of Tarentum. 


29. ARTEMIS FERRUGINEA (pl. cxlu. f. 384), Reeve, Conch. 
Icon. Artemis, pl. x. f. 56. 


Art. test& carneo-albidd, prope umbones subferrugined, solidé , 
suborbiculari, omnino regulariter concentrict minut’ striatf; area 
ligamenti depr ess; lunuld parva, profunde impressa. 

“Obliquely Tellineeform, with sloping edges, something like A. /u- 
naris, but wider in proportion, with the hinder part produced, 

Locality unknown. In Mr. Hanley’s collection. 


30. Arreais mopesta (pl. exli. f. 37), Reeve, Conch. Icon. 
Artemis, pl. ix. f. 54. 


Art. testa suborbiculari, compress’, superné obliqué subelevata, 
sordidé alba, nitente, striis radiantibus obscurissimis notata, con- 
centricé minuté impresso-striaté; ared ligamenti angustatd, exca- 
vati; lunuli subobliquaé, impressa. 

Not so oblique nor so much produced at the upper part as 
A, lunaris, and having the ligamental area more excavated. 

Locality unknown. In Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


31. Arremts HEpattca (pl. exli. £. 35, 36), Philippi, Abbild. 
Cytherea, pl. i. £. 8. 


Art. testA obliqué subquadraté, subcompressi, ceerulescente vel 
fulva, prope umbones rufescente et purpureo- -maculata, tenuissime 
striaté; lunulé vix impressi; ared dorsali partim planata. 

Not so inflated as A. Chinensis, and more finely striated, with 
a distinct although not prominent lunule; colour of a dull 
ashy-grey, darker near, and orange at, the nmbocs! The variety 

dh 


is of a light orange-colour, with large carulean spots near the 
umboes. 
Locality unknown. In Mr. Cuming’s cabinet. 


32. ARTEMIS CHRULEA pl. exlu. f. 43, 44), Reeve, Conch. 
>] *) r] 
Icon. Artemis, pl. Tee 


Art. testi alba vel pallidé fulvi, ad umbones plus minusve 
fulvo et ceruleo nebulatd, state crassi, ventricosi, rotundata, 
posticé subangulaté, minute concentricé elevato-striatd ; lunula 
subovali, line impress’ circumscripta; ared dorsali sublaté de- 
press ; umbonibus leevigatis. 

When full-grown this shell is thick and full, with small, even, 
raised striae, except at the umboes, which are smaller, and the 
ligamental area formed by the simple depression of the dorsal 
edge. The colour is white or pale whitish-brown, with a tinge 
of orange clouded with dull blue about the umboes and upper 
margins. 

Rain’s Island, Torres Straits. Captain Ince. 


38. ArTemis LuctnoipEs (pl. exli. f. 39), Reeve, Conch. 
Icon. Artemis, pl. vii. f. 45. 


Art. test albida, crass’, subangulatim rotundata, omnino mi- 
nuté striati; arei ligamenti angustatd, excavati; lunulé im- 
pressa. 

Resembling A. hepatica, but with no tendency to the purple 
patches of colour, and perhaps more coarsely striated. 

Guinea. Sams. 


34, ARTEMIS SOLIDULA (pl. exli. f. 38), Sowerby, jun. 


Art. testa alba, solidd, concentricé striat&i; area dorsali de- 
5] 3 ] 
pressa, subexcavata, declivi; lunula distincta, convexa. 
. ‘ 7 ao a - 
Resembling A. carulea, but much more sloping and less an 
gular at the dorsal edge. 
Locality unknown. In Mr. Cuming’s collection. 
Y, 8 


35. ArTEMIs RuBICUNDA (pl. cxli. f. 40, 41, copied), Phz- 
lippi, Abbild. Cyth. t. vi. f. 5. 


Art. “testa parva, orbiculari, aurantio-rubente tenuissimé striata, 
fere levi; ared distincté nulli; lunuld convex4, cordata, lneolé 
impress’ partum conspicud egré circumscripta.” 

A pretty little red shell, from the Red Sea; it must very nearly 
resemble the two or three preceding. 


665 


36. ARTEMIS SERICBA (pl. exlu. f. 42), Reeve, Conch. Leon. 
Artemis, pl. vin. f. 36. 


Art. testA subovali, tenui, latiore quam alt4, concentrice tenuis- 
simé striati, stris vix ad latera elevatis ; ared hgamenti elongata, 
paulultim depress4 ; lunula ovali, impress’; colore prope umbones 
fulvo, ad margines grisescente. 

A rather oval shell, of a delicate fawn-colour at the umboes 
and towards the middle, but becoming greyish towards the mar- 
gin; the striz are so close and fine as to give a silky appearance 
to the surface, and are scarcely more raised close to the hinder 
edge, which is slightly angulated. This shell is rather more 
regularly oval, with the striz more equally raised throughout, 
than in the following species. 

Japan, Dr. Siebold ; and San Nicolas, island of Zebu, Philip- 
pines, Cuming. 


37. Artemis compra (pl. exlu. f. 45), Loven, Index Mol- 


lusc. Scandinavie, p. 39. Artemis glauca, Reeve, Conch. Icon. 
pl. x. f. 58. 


Art. testa subovali, latiore quam alti, fulva, grisescente, con- 
centricé tenuissime striata, strus ad latera ereberrimé et lamina- 
tim elevatis; ared ligamenti depressi; lunuld impress. 

Of an oval form, differing from A. serzcea in the lateral eleva- 
tion of the strize. 

Philippines. 


Sect. 5. Dorsal margin with a defined area; generally ex- 
cavated. 


8. Artemis Orsientt (pl. exli. f. 54), Duaker, Phil. Ab- 
bild. Cytherea, pl. vi. f. 3. 


Art. test’ subrotundata, solid, subcompressi, albidd, umbones 
versus lividd, concentricé striata, striis subdistantibus, elevatius- 
culis, regularibus, ad latera paucioribus, elevatis; ared ligamenti 
excavati, lanceolaté; lunulé subimpressa. 

Rather round, flattish, with raised, distant, concentric lines, 
some of which converge near the sides; the colour tends to 
livid or grey towards the umboes. The description by Philippi 
almost identifies this with 4. forrida of Reeve. 

Guinea, Sams. Mouth of the river Gaboon, Western Africa. 


666 


39. Anrremis TorripA (pl. exlu. f. 46), Reeve, Conch. Icon. 
Artemis, pl. x. £. 60. 


Art. test A. Orbignii simili, sed latiore ; are’ ligamenti haud 
tantum excavata, costellis ad latera vix elevatis. 

It is not unlike 4. Ordiginii, but it is not so high and the 
riblets not so much elevated and corrugated at the sides, 

Mouth of the river Gaboon, Western Africa, 


40. Artemis Arricana (pl. exli. f. 48), Gray, Analyst, 
1888.  Dosin,” Adanson ? 


Art. testa pallidé fulvi, crass, obliqué elevatd, concentricé 
concinné subundulatim sulcata; sulcis ad latera elevatis, conver- 
gentibus, posticé ad marginem are lgamenti angulatim pro- 
ductis ; are’ ligamenti planulata, laté excavati; lunulaé distincta, 
profunda. 

Nearly white, sometimes tinged with delicate pink, obliquely 
elevated, with very sloping dorsal margins; the ligamental area 
excavated and flattened, and defined by the acutely produced 
ridges, which are elevated and convergent at the sides, and 
smooth and shining at the central disc. 

Senegal. 


41. Arremis Grounert (pl. exli. f. 47), Philippi, Abbild. 
Cyth. pl. vii. f. 2. 


Art. testa pallidé fulvd, crassi, subelevata, concentricé validé 
sulcati; sulcis ad latera elevatis, convergentibus, posticé ad mar- 
ginem ares ligamenti angulatim ‘productis ; ; ared ligamenti planu- 
fata, late excavata ; lunuld distincta, validé impressa. 

Broader and coarser than 4. Africana, and not so obliquely 
elevated towards the umboes. 

China. 


42. Arremis Apansont (pl. exlu. f. 52), Philippi, Abbild. 
Cyth. tu. £2. “ Dosin,” Adanson ? 


Art. testé albidd, versus umbones subrosed, suborbiculari, sub- 
compressa, concentrice minute striati, stris ad latus posticum 
angulatim elevatis, utrinque undulatim convergentibus ; margine 
dorsali subelevato; area ligamenti levi, lanceolata, subexcavata ; 
lunula parva, impressi. 

Rounder, flatter, and smoother than 4. Gruneri or A. Africana; 
ligamental area not so much excavated nor so distinctly defined. 

Senegal. 


667 


43, Arremis catcotus (pl. exli. f. 53), Reeve, Conch. Leon. 
Art, pl. vin. £. 47. 


Art. testi albido-fuscescente, tenui, compress’, concentrice 
tenuissimé striata; striis ad latera elevatiusculis, convergentibus ; 
are’ ligamenti subexcavata. 

Thin, whitish or light brown, very minutely striated, the striz 
elevated and converging at the sides; ligamental area not very 
distinctly marked by the edges of the concentric ridges. 

Catannan, island of Luzon, Philippmes; in fine sand at low 
water. Cuming. 


44, Artemis Biscocta (pl. exli. f. 50), Reeve, Conch. Icon. 
Art, pl. ix. f. 55. 


Art. test& pallidé fulvi, suborbiculari, concentricé striata, stris 
asperis ad latera elevatiusculis convergentibus; ared ligamenti 
lanceolate excavaté ; lunulé impressa. 

Differing from the rest of the group in the sharp and rough 
character of the raised strive, which prevents the silkiness of 
appearance near the umboes, which may be observed in A. Afri- 
cana, ete. 


Japan. Stebold. 


45. Arremis FrButa (pl. exli. f. 49), Reeve, Conch. Icon. 
Art. pl. v. £. 26. 


Art. testi lutescente-albi, alté, subcompressi, ad latera sub- 
angustati, concentricé creberrimé striati, striis ad latera vix ele- 
vatis, convergentibus; margine laterali antico elevato; lunuld 
profundissime impressé ; are’ ligamenti acute excavata, laevigata. 

“Principally remarkable for the depressed growth of the lu- 
nule,” otherwise resembling A. discocta. 

Mouth of the Gambia, Western Africa. 


46, ARTEMIS CRETACEA (pl. exlii. f.51), Reeve, Conch. Icon. 
Art, pl. vi. f. 35. 


Art. testa A. discocte simili, sed striis concentricis validé tenui- 
oribus. 

There is a chalky appearance arising from the closely laminated 
strie of this shell, which distinguishes it from A. déscocta and 
others of the group. 

Manilla, island of Luzon, Philippines. Cuming. 


47. Artemis tivipa (pl. exli. f. 55, copied), PAclippi, Ab- 
bild. Cyt. pl.v. f.4. A. Orbignn, var.? £7. 


Art. testa dA. Orbignii simili, sed magis compressa, posticé an- 
gulata, striis magis confertis, ad latera angulatim terminatis. 

It is not easy either to identify this species, or to distinguish 
from it A. aspera, Reeve, excepting in colour. It is like 4. Or- 
dignii In some respects, but is flatter, more angular, and with the 
striae more numerous and raised at the sides. 

Locality unknown. 


48. Artemis aspera (pl. exli. f. 56), Reeve, Conch. Icon. 
Art. pl. ix. £. 49. 


Art. testi suborbiculari, tumida, pallidé fulva, concentricé 
striata, striis elevatis creberrimis, acutis, ad latera paucis elevati- 
usculis; ared ligamenti excavataé ; lunulé parva; umbonibus pro- 
minulis. 

Of a dull whitish-brown colour, very finely and sharply striated, 
with the striz slightly elevated at the sides, particularly at the 
edge of the ligamental area, which is peculiarly canaliculated, 
with the inner edges slightly raised ; the umboes are produced. 

Manilla; in sandy mud at low water. Cuming. 


49. Arremis canaLicuLata (pl. exlii. f. 58), Sowerby, jun. 


Art. testa parvi, tumidd, sordidé alba, minutissimé striata, 
striis ad latera elevatiusculis; umbomibus prominentibus, acutis ; 
area ligamenti duplicata. 

Striated like 4. dzscocta and A. aspera, and remarkable for the 
canaliculated appearance given to the ligamental area by the ele- 
vation of the dorsal edges. 

Manilla, island of Luzon. Cuming. 


50. ARTEMIS SCABRIUSCULA (pl. exli. f. 59), Philippi, Ab- 
bild. Cyth. pl. v. f. 2. 


Art. test suborbiculari, latiore quam alta, albidd, posticé sub- 
angulata, tenuissimé striata, striis ad latera acuté laminatis; ared 
ligamenti lata, excavaté, ad marginem serrata ; lunuld impressa. 

Rather transversely tending to oval, with numerous, close, very 
fine ridges, which, at the sides, are produced into lamine ending 
in points, so as to serrate the margin of the ligamental area, 
which is broad and excavated. 

Locality unknown. 


669 


51. Arremis Javonica (pl. exliii. f. 60), Reeve, Conch. Icon. 
Art, pl. wm. £17. 


Art. testi suborbiculari, paulultim latiore quam alti, albida, 
subcompressi, posticé superné subangulataé, concentricé minute 
costellaté, costellis ad latera paucioribus et clevatim laminatis. 

The sculpture is less fine and the dorsal part of the shell more 
elevated and angular than in A. scabriuscula; at the hinder side 
the laminze suddenly become few and broadly laminated. 

Japan. Dr. Siebold. 


52. ARTEMIS sUBROSEA (pl. exlii. f. 61), Gray, Yates’ New 
Zealand, p. 309. 


Art. testa pallidé rosaceo-fulva, latiore quam alta, tenui, con- 
vexa, concentricé creberrimé elevatim striata, striis ad latera lami- 
natis minutissimis; ared lgamenti subexcavati, striati; lunuld 
ovali, impressa. 

Of a rather oval form, with very fine striae, which are so close 
at the umboes as to give a glossy appearance to the surface. This 
species differs from 4. Japonica and A. scabriuscula in having the 
strize as close at the sides as at the middle of the shell. 

New Zealand. 


53. Artemis Sresoupit (pl. exlii. f. 57), Reeve, Conch. Icon. 
Art, pl. vii. £. 39. 


Art. testa fused, rotundatéi, convexd, concentricé tenuissimé 
liraté, liris anticé laminatis, posticé paucioribus, elevatiusculis, 
corrugatis; lunulé impressi; ared lgamenti latiusculd, vix ex- 
cavata, squamarum grandium serie marginata. 

Remarkable for the corrugated character of the ridges on a 
distinct portion of the posterior side, and for the row of large 
laminated scales, into which some of the ridges are expanded at 
the edge of the ligamental area. 

Japan. Dr. Siebold. In Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


54. ARTEMIS corruGATA (pl. cxli. f. 63), Reeve, Conch. 
Icon. Art. pl. iv. f. 24. 


Art. testa suborbiculari, paululim latiore quam alta, tenu, 
convexa, sordidé albida, concentricé striata, striis in medio tenuis- 
simis, subobsoletis, ad latera (posticé preecipué) elevatis, crassius- 
culis, corrugatis et convergentibus ; striis radiantibus obsoletis ; 
ared ligamenti laminati, vix impressi; lunulé suboblonga, im- 
press. 


670 


Similar in form to dA. Japonica, ete., but very remarkable for 
the coarsely wrinkled character of the elevated riblets at the pos- 
terior side, compared to the almost obsolete and fine striz in the 
middle. 

Locality unknown. In Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


55. ARTEMIS EXasPERATA (pl. exlin. f. 62), Philippi, Ab- 
bild. Cy¢d. pl. vin. f. 4. 


Art. testa subquadrata, albi, compressi, concentricé creberrimé 
costellat’i, costellis in medio levigatis, prope marginem et ad 
latera subcorrugatis, ad latera lamellatis et interruptim elevatis, 
ad marginem dorsalem in nodulos productis; areé ligamenti sub- 
excavata, striati; lunulé profundé impressi. 

White, a little squared at the sides; very finely ribbed, except 
at the sides, where the ribs are few, coarse, and wrinkled, a few 
of them being raised into nodules circumscribing the ligamental 
area. 

Bay of Manilla, island of Luzon, Philippines; in sandy mud. 
Cuming. 


56. Arremis Brtunata (pl. cxliu. f. 66), Gray, Analyst, 
1838, part 24, p. 309. 


Art. test& albidd, orbiculari-subtrigon4, versus umbones elevata, 
pallidé radiis roseis interruptis picta, concentricé tenuissimé striata, 
lineis ad latera mm squamas angulatas productis, posticé ad mar- 
ginem, antice post aream late distinctam et levigatam terminatis ; 
lunulé ovali, lined profundé circumscripté; ared lgamenti an- 
gustati, vix depress; umbonibus parvis, elevatis. 

The striz are very fine in the middle of the shell, but at the 
sides some of them are produced into angular lamine; at the 
front side these laminated points terminate in a radiating series 
before reaching the margin, so as to leave a broad, distinct, smooth 
area, which is separated from the true lunule by a deep groove. 
The shell is beautifully painted by radiating interrupted rays of 
pale pink. 

Japan. Dr. Scebold. 


57. Arremis Cuminett (pl. exlin. f. 64), Reeve, Conch. Icon. 
Art. pl. v. f. 3. 


Art. testi subalbida, fusco radiaté et tinct’, subcompressi, ad 
latera subangulaté, tenuissimé striati, ad marginem dorsalem et 


671 


junule antice striis paucis, elevato-laminatis, m angulos parvos 
productis ; umbonibus parvis, arcuatis. 

In general form this resembles A. 4¢/wnulata, but it has not 
the anterior area or second lunule which characterizes that 
species. 

San Nicolas, island of Zebu, Philippines; in sandy mud. Cuming. 


58. Arremis LAMELLATA (pl. exlii. f. 65), Reeve, Conch. 
Icon. Art. pl. in. f. 13. 


Art. testa subovali, subcompressi, alb’, prope umbones minuté 
striati, deinde lamellatéi; lamellis duplicatis, ad latera pauciori- 
bus, subelevatis; are’ ligamenti subexcavata, lamellaté; lunula 
lined profunda circumscripta. 

Remarkable for the duplicate character of the concentric la- 
mine. 

North Australia. Jukes. 


59. Arvemis pupticata (pl. exli. f. 67), Reeve, Conch. 
Icon. Arf. pl. vi. f. 46. 


Art. testa tenui, albida, subcompressi, subovali, concentricé mi- 
nuté laminaté; laminis postice duplicatis, ad latera productis ; ared 
ligamenti ad marginem profundeé excavaté; lunuld lined distincti. 

Like A. damel/ata in having the ribs duplicate, but with the 
whole sculpture much finer. 

North Australia. Jukes. 


60. ARTEMIS TENUILAMELLATA (pl. exlin. f. 68), Sowerdy, 
junior. 


Art. testa A. lamellate et A. duplicate simili, sed tenui, lamel- 
lis duplicatis tenuissimis, acutis. 

In this shell the lamelle are all thin and sharp. The shell is 
also thin and of an oval form. It bears « resemblance to 4. /a- 
mellata and A. duplicata of Reeve. Like A. lamellata, it has 
the canaliculated structure of the dorsal area, but the laminz are 
totally different. 

Locality unknown. In Mr, Sowerby’s collection. 


61. Arremis uxctsa (pl. exli. f. 69), Chemnitz (Venus ex- 
cisa), Philippi, Abbild. Reeve, Conch. Icon. 


Art. testé subtrigona, crassiuscula, albida, concentricé subru- 
4s 


672 


gosi, clevatim striati; ared ligamenti excavati; lunuld ampla, 
subobsoleta. 

White, with the shape rather tending to trigonal, with roughish 
riblets or raised strie ; ligamental area sharply excavated; lunule 
wide, rather indistinct. 


Nicobar Island. 


62. Artemis conrusa (pl. exlii. f. 70), Reeve, Conch. Icon. 
Art. pl. vu. f. 38. 


Art. testa oblique subglohosi, crassi, albidi, umbones versus 
sublividi, concentricé costellata, costellis complanatis ; area liga- 
menti excavati, pland; lunula impress, lata. 

Whutish, clouded with dull blue near the umboes, rather thick, 
smooth, and obliyuely gibbous, concentrically ridged; the ridges 
rather broad and flat. The ligamental area angularly excavated, 
and smooth. 

Point Cunningham, North Australia. Dring. 


Snor. 6. Hdge of the dorsal area raised above the circum- 
scribing line. 


63. Artemis ALATA (pl. exliv. f. 73), Reeve, Conch. Icon. 
pl. iv. f. 20. 


Art. test’ alba, subleevigati, alt’, plana, ad latus posticum 
sulco profundo alam formante radiatim divisa ; lunula suboblongé; 
umbonibus parvis, subarcuatis. 

A nearly smooth, white, flat shell, remarkable for a radiating 
groove at the hinder part, which separates a wing-shaped area 
from the rest. As this may be equivalent to the raised liga- 
mental areas in A. pubescens and A. striatissima, 1 place the 
species with them, although otherwise very unlike. 

Locality unknown. In Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


64. ARTEMIS PUBESCENS (pl. exlii. f. 72), Philippi (Cy- 
therea), Abbild. t. 8. f. 3. Art. calata, Reeve, Conch. Icon. 


pl. v. sp. 28. 


Art. “ testa subquadrato-orbiculari, lacted, stris transversis con- 
ferlis, versus utramque extremitatem paucioribus et lamellaribus 
sculpt; lunuli cordata, compressa, lined profundissim’ circum- 
scripta ; aref lineari-lanceolata, lamellarum extremitatibus spinze- 


673 


formibus cinct’i; ligamento conspicuo, iterum lamellis spine- 
formibus circumdato.” 

White, rather squarish, and remarkable for a deeply-impressed 
line dividing off a portion of the dorsal edge; near this line the 
concentric ridges are laminated and produced into points. 

Catanuan, island of Luzon, Philippines; in fine sand at low 
water. Cuming. 


65. Arremis srriavisstma (pl. exliv. f. 71-84), Sowerby, 
junior. 


Art. testi subrotundata, alba, radiatim minutissimé striata, 
concentricé costellaté; costellis parvis, subdistantibus ; margine 
dorsali lined impressi aream elevatam circumscribente ; lunulfé 
tumida, margine profundé impresso. 

More rounded than A. pudescens, with the concentric ridges 
more distant and less produced at the margins, and with fine ra- 
diating striz. It resembles that species in having a defined sup- 
plemental area. 

Locality unknown. In Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


Srcr. 7. Dorsal area laminated in one valve, smooth in the 
other. 


66. Artemis ruFA (pl. exliv. f. 77), Lamarck (Cytherea), 
sp. 37. 


Art. test& rufa, varié albo-radiata et interrupta, rotundata, sub- 
ventricosa, crass, concentricé subplano-costatd ; costellis ad la- 
tera elevatiusculis: lunuli brevi, plana, impressd, dorso rotundato ; 
ared ligamenti striaté, plamiusculi, excavata. 

Rounded, rather ventricose, thick, concentrically ribbed; the 
ribs flattened in the middle and slightly elevated at the sides. 
Ligamental arca striated, rather flattened and hollowed out. 

Locality unknown. 


67. ARTEMIS JUVENILIS (pl. exliv. f. 74, 75, 76), Gmelin 
(Venus), Syst. Nat. p. 3287. V. juvenis, Chemnitz. 


Art. testé alba, rufo laté interruptim et varié radiata, rotun- 
dati, compressi, coucentricé costati; costellis in medio planatis, 
ad latera paucis, laminatis, elevatis; lunulé brevi, impressd; area 
ligamenti angustata, striata, paululum excavata. 

The dorsal margin is less rounded than in 4. v/a; the shell 


674 


is flatter, and the concentric ridges, instead of being thickened, 
are raised and laminated at the sides. 
Bay of Manilla, isl. Luzon, Philippines; sandy mud. Cuming. 


68. Arremis scaLanis (pl. exhv. f. 78), Menke (Cytherea), 
Moll. Nov. Holl. p. 42. no. 241. 


Art. testi rotundata, subcompress4, paululum latiore quam 
alta, albidé, rufo pallido plus minusve radiatim et interruptim 
picta, conceutricé costellata ; costellis 11 medio planatis, ad latera 
tenué laminatis et elevatis; luuulé brevi, impressd, excavata. 

Larger aud broader than A. yuvenilis, the colouring a more 
delicate fawn, and all the ribs continucd to the sides, where they 
are close and laminated. 

Mouth of the Swan River, New Holland. 


69. Artemis anus (pl. exliv. f. 82), Philippi, Abbild. Cyth. 
pl. vii. f. 1. 


Art. testé subquadrato-orbiculari, subcoinpressa, crassi, con- 
centricé costellaté, pallidé fasciatim fulva, ad apicem rufescente ; 
costellis acutis, subirregularibus, ad latera paucis, elevato-lamina- 
tis, snbdivaricatis ; lunuli, profwndé impressd, lammaté; area liga- 
menti angulatim excavata, plana. 

Rather squarish at the sides, sharply costellated, with the ribs 
few, laminated and divergent at the sides, so as to give a wrinkled 
appearance. The ligamental area is flat and angularly excavated. 

New Zealand. Hart. 


70. ArrEMis PRosTRATA (pl. exliv. f. 80), Linn. Syst. Nat. 
12th edit. p. 1133. 


Art. testa obliqué quadraté, compressa, pallidé fulva, concen- 
tricé costellaté; costellis ad latera irregulariter ct interruptim 
convergentibus et corrugatis, ad marginem dorsalem elevatim 
sublamellosis ; arc igamenti subexcavati; lunula subelongata. 

Not very far removed from d. awus; it is much squarer and 
flatter, with the riblets more irregularly wrmkled and more ele- 
vated at the dorsal margin. 

Mouth of Swan River, New Holland. Collie. 


71. Arremis Lamrinata (pl. exliv. f. 86, 87), Reeve, Conch. 
Icon. pl. vu. f. 41. 


Art. testa alba, orbiculari, concentricé laminataé; laminis sub- 


675 


distantibus, alternis, ad latera laté expansis, subreflexis; area ex- 
cavaté; lunula lined profunda circumscripta. 

Like A. juvenilis and A. scalaris, but with the ridges laminated ; 
some ending suddenly and others spread out into broad reflected 
lamine at the sides. Fig. 87 represents a much less broadly 
laminated variety. 

Island of Samar, Philippines. Cuming. 


72. Artemis varircata (pl. exliv. f. 83), Gray, Analyst, 
1838, vol. vii. p. 309. Venus exoleta variegata, Chemnitz. V. 
australis, Quoy e¢ Gaimard, Voy. Astr. 


Art. testa orbiculari, subventricosa, albidi, fusco-purpurascente, 
laté triradiaté, omnino rufo pallidé literati, intts purpureo-tincta, 
concentricé costellata; costellis subdistantibus, elevato-laminatis, 
ad latera paucioribus, acutiusculis ; ared ligamenti acuté excavata, 
valvee dextre laminati, alterd plana; lunula rotundata, impressa, 
purpurea. 

Rather orbicular and ventricose, beautifully variegated with 
purplish interrupted rays and spots, and having the ribs elevated, 
rather distant, elevated and laminated, thinner and fewer at the 
sides. 

Philippine Islands; Moluccas; Australia. 


73. Artemis trrata (pl. exliv. f. 85), Sowerby, yun. A. 
variegata, var., Reeve, Conch. Icon. Art. f. 33 a. 


Art. test& suborbiculari, compress4, albidd, fusco radiatim lite- 
rata, concentricé costellis distantibus elevatis continuis lirata ; 
lunulé impressi, suboblongi; are’ ligamenti lineari, valve si- 
nistre plana, valvee dextree laminatia. 

Flatter than A. variegata, with the concentric ridges more dis- 
tant and continuous, and all traces of the purple colouring are 
lost, only pure brown angular markings remaining. This species 
looks so different from A. variegata that one is compelled to se- 
parate it notwithstanding the existence of intermediate varieties. 

Cagayan, isl. of Mindoro, Philippines. Cuming. 


74. ARTEMIS LENTICULARIS (pl. cxliv. f. 81), Sowerby, jun. 
A. variegata, var., Reeve. Artemis, f. 296, 33. 


Art. testa lenticulari, compressa, pallidé fulva, fusco-radiata et 
literaté, concentricé confertim costellaté; area ligamenti vix ex- 
cavata ; lunulé impressa. 


676 


This species presents a medium between A. variegata and A. 
evoletu in general appearance, and in the character of the ribs 
and markings. The ribs are much more close and flat than in 
A. variegata. 

Philippines. Cuming. 


ve 


Genus LUCINOPSIS, Forbes § Hanley. 


Lucrnopsis unpata (pl. exliv. f. 88, 89). Venus undata, 
Pennant, Brit. Zool. vol. iv. pl. 55. £51. Venus sinuosa, /d. 
Lucina undata, Zuwrton. Venus incompta, Philippi. Cytherea 
undata, Mucgi/. Artemis undata, Adder. 


L. testé tenui, inflata, pallidé fulvé, subquadratim rotundata, 
irregulariter et leviter substriati; margine dorsali subelevato ; 
margine postico subsinuato ; cardine posticée subcomplanato, den- 
tibus in valva sinistré tribus centralibus, quarum medio dupli- 
cato, in valvi dextrié duobus; ligamento magno, interné compla- 
nato; impressione pallii sinu magno rotundato. 

It seems doubtful whether the characters named by the pro- 
posers of this genus are sufficient to distinguish it from the Ar- 
temides. The teeth slightly differ, and the smus in the muscular 
iiopression is less angular. 

A well-known species, found in various parts of the British 
coasts. 


LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CXL. TO CXLIV. 


(The Figure after each name is the number of the Species.) 


Fig. Fig. 
Prats CXL, 6. A. simplex, 8, Hand. 
1. A. concentrica, 1, Gmel. 7. — incisa, 5, Reeve. 
2. — ponderosa, 3, Gray. 8. — Patagonica, 6, Ph. 
3. — distans, 2, Sowd. ? 9. — discus, 10, Reeve. 
4. — concinna, 9, Sowd. 10. — plana, 11, Reeve. 
5. — Dunkeri, 7, Ph. 11. — nitens, 11, Reeve. 


677 
Vig. = Fig. 
Prate CXLI. 54. A. Orbignii, 38, Dunker. 
12-14. A. exoleta, 12, Linn. 55. — livida, 47, Ph. 


15. — sculpta, 14, Reeve. > 2 
16. — lineta, 18, Puit, fe ee 


17-19. — amphidesmoides, 15, Rv. 56. A. aspera, 48, Reeve. 


20. — trigona, 16, Reeve. 57. — Bieboldii, 53, Reeve. 
21. — subtrigona, 17, Sowd. 58. — canaliculata, 49, Sowd. 
22. — tenuis, 23, Sowd. 59. — scabriuscula, 50, Ph. 
23, 24. — Chinensis, 20, Chem. 60. — Japonica, 51, Reeve. 
25. — inflata, 32, Sowd. 61. — subrosea, 52, Gray. 
26. — angulosa, 27, Ph. 62. — exasperata, 55, Ph. 
27. — subquadrata, 24. Hand. 63. — corrugata, 54, Reeve. 
28. — penicillata, 26, Reeve. 64. — Cumingii, 57, Reeve. 
29,80. — isocardia, 18, Dunker. 65. — lamellata, 58, Reeve. 
31. — nanus, 19, Reeve. 66. — bilunata, 56, Gray. 
32. — macilenta, 25, Reeve. 67. — duplicata, 59, Reeve. 
68. — tenuilamellata, 60, Sowd. 
Prats CXLIIL. 69. — excisa, 61, Chemn. 
33. A. lunaris, 28, Lamarck. 70. — contusa, 62, Reeve. 
34, — ferruginea, 29, Reeve. 71. — striatissima, 65, Sowd. 
35, 36. — hepatica, 31, Ph. 72. — pubescens, 64, Ph. 


37. — modesta, 30, Reeve. 


38. — solidula, 34, Sowerby. UME 


39. — lucinoides, 39, Reeve. 73. A. alata, 63, Reeve. 
40, 41. — rubicunda, 35, Ph. 74-76. — juvenilis, 67, Gmelin. 
42. — sericea, 36, Reeve. 77. — rufa, 66, Lamarck. 
43, 44. — cerulea, 32, Reeve. 78. — scalaris, 68, Menke. 
45. — compta, 37, Loven. 79. — orientalis, 21, Sow. 
46. — torrida, 39, Reeve. 80. — prostrata, 70, Linn. 
47. — Gruner, 41, Ph. 81. — lenticularis, 74, Soad. 
48. — Africana, 40, Gray. 82. — anus, 69, Ph. 
49. — fibula, 45, Reeve. 83. — varicgata, 72, Gray. 
50. — biscocta, 44, Reeve. 84. — striatissima, 65, Sowd. 
51. — cretacea, 46, Reeve. 85. — lata, 73, Sowerby. 
52. — Adansoni, 42, Ph. 86, 87. — laminata, 71, Reeve. 


53. — calculus, 43, Reeve. 88, 89. Luctnopsis undata, Pennt. 


MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS 


TAPES. 


Fam. Veneride. 


(Taves, Megerle; Puttastra, Sowerby.) 


Char. Gen. Testa eequivalvis, inequilateralis, plerumque ovali- 
oblonga, plerumque concentricé plus minusve lirata. Cardo elon- 
gatus, angustatus, dentibus in utrique valva tribus, compressis, 
posticis et medianis duplicatis. Ligamentum elongatum. Imn- 
pressiones musculares pyriformes. Impressio pallii simu profundo, 
plerumque elongato. 

The distinctions between these shells and those of the genus 
Venus are vague and uncertain; consisting principally in the 
lengthened form of outline, and in the compressed and bifid cha- 
racter of the hinge-teeth. ‘The sinus in the pallial impression is 
also generally deep and conformed to the length of the shell. 
The external surface is generally marked by concentric ribs or 
strie. The typical species, Venus pullastra, and its rock-dwelling 
variety V. perforans, have been placed in separate genera (the 
latter m Venerirupis, Lamarck), but are now established beyond 
question as belonging to the same species; the difference of form 
and surface resulting from the accidental confinement of the shell in 
some small hollow preventing its full development. Zapes decussata 
leads into several other species which have radiating strize or ribs ; 
and these again lead into others which so nearly resemble them 
as to induce me to include them, although they have crenulated 
inner margins. Although some of the species are subject to 
occasional confinement in small hollows of rocks, it is by no 
means the general habit of the genus, as in the case of the true 
Venerirupes. 

Many of the large and finely coloured species of Tapes are 
inhabitants of the Australasian seas, while others of less striking 
development are found near the British coasts and in the Medi- 
terranean. 


679 


Sror. 1. Ventral margin smooth within. 


1. Tapes raririamna (pl. exlv. f. 3, 4,5), Lamarck (Venus), 
sp. 45. Anim. sans vert. Var. Venus marmorata, Lamarck ? 


T. testé crassi, ovali, tumidé, subsequilaterali, planulatim li- 
rata, sulcis intermediis subdistantibus in medio subobsoletis fulva, 
nigel elongatis castaneis et altcris albescentibus  triradiata ; 
margine dorsali livido, rufo-lineato, excavato ; margine ventrali 
rotundato. 

An oval tumid shell, with flat mbs divided by rather distant 
grooves, which are more shallow in the middle; the colouring is 
bay, with three radiating rows of distant arrow-headed spots 
with white spaces under them. 

Senegal. 


2. Tapes PAPILIONACEA (pl. exlv. f. 1, 2), Lamarck (Venus), 
Anim. sans vert. 


T. test clongaté, subcompressi, planulatim lirata, posticé par- 
tim levigatéi; stramined, griseo et rufo minuté maculata, maculis 
castaneis magnis quatuor radiata, intus ad marginem purpureo- 
maculata ; margine dorsali litcrato, posticé arcuato, elongato, de- 
clivi, anticé excavato; lunula indistinct, lanccolaté; margine 
ventrali posticé subtruncato, vix emarginato, antice clevato. 

Long, rather flat, with flattened ridges reaching nearly to the 
back ; the dorsal edge i is arched and gradually sloped at the back, 
while i in front it is rather excavated than otherwise ; it 1s marked 
on both sides with fine lines. The ventral margin is more swollen 
in front than at the back, but turned up towards the dorsal mar- 
gin. It is straw-coloured, with greyish and reddish small spots, 
and four radiating rows of large squarish chestnut-coloured spots. 
The immer margin is marked with purple spots. 

Ceylon. 


3. Tapus tirata (pl. exlv. f. 19), Philippi (Venus), Abbild. 
pl. vi. f. 5. 


T. test&é subrhomboided, rotundatim sulcis profundis lirata ; 
pallidé rufa, fusco punctatim literat’, maculis magnis castancis 
quadriradiata ; ; margine dorsali literato, utrinque rectiusculo, gra- 
datim declivi, margine ventrali rectiusculo, antice paululum 
elevato. 


4 


680 


Coloured like 7. papilionacea, more ventricose and square, with 
the ribs continuous, rounded and elevated. 
Philippines. 


4. Tapes uxarata (pl. exlv. £18), Phclippi (Venus), Ab- 
bild. pl. v. f. 6. 


T. testa. subquadraté, minute et profundé liraté; pallidé fulva, 
palhidé rufo maculata et literaté, maculis pallidis quadriradiata ; 
margine dorsali hterato, rectiusculo, paululum declivi; margine 
ventrali posticé truncato, prope medium vix emarginato, anticé 
elevato. 

Resembling 7. divata, but shorter and more truncated, with 
the riblets very minute although equally deep. The colour is 
pale hiterated brown, with four pale brown interrupted rays. 

Red Sea. 


5. Tapes nuGzypra (pl. exlv. f. 17), Philippi (Venus), pl. vii. 
foo. 

T. testi subquadrata, distanter concentricé costellata; rufa, 
fusco-quadriradiaté ; margine dorsali rectiusculo, posticé vix de- 
clivi; margine ventrali posticé truncato, rectiusculo, anticé ele- 
vato. 

Of a square form resembling 7. exarata, but with the ridges 
few and distant. 

Locality unknown. 


6. Taprs AMABILIS (pl. exlv. f. 11), Phedippi (Venus), Ab- 
bild: pl. vi. f..2, 


T. testa oblonga, subventricosa, planulatim sulcis profundis in- 
termediis liraté; pallide rufa, griseo obscuré maculaté; margine 
dorsali vix literato, posticé declivi, anticé subexcavato ; margine 
ventrali subrotundato, anticé elevato, posticé rotundatim sub- 
truncato. 

The colour is pale pink, with obscure markings of purplish- 
grey. The ribs are flat, with deep intermediate grooves. The 
shell is more ventricose than 7. dirata. . 

Locality unknown. <A fine specimen in Mr. Cuming’s col- 
lection. 


7. Tapes pectivis (pl. exlv. f. 9), Sowerby, jun. 


T. testa clongato-subtrigond, subzequilatera, fulvd, griseo macu- 


681. 


lata et radiata, concentricé subundulatim costellis vix elevatis lira- 
t&; margine dorsali literato, declivi, subplanulato, anticé brevius- 
culo; lunuld elongata’; margine ventrali anticé rotundato, posticé 
paululum emarginato. 

Longer, less turned upwards at the ventral edges, and less tri- 
gonal than 7. Malabarica, the niblets scarcely raised. 

Philippines. 


8. Tapes suxcosa (pl. exlv. £13, 14), Phdlippe (Venus), 
Abbild. t. 7. f. 1. 


T. testi subtrigona, fulva, rubescente, griseo punctata et inter- 
ruptim quadriradiata, costellis concentricis magnis inzequalibus 
subundulatis liraté; latere antico brevi, ate Gay latere pos- 
tico obliqué truncato ; margine dorsali literato, planulato, posticd 
elevato, rotundato, auticé subexcavato; margine ventrali antice 
rotundato, posticé subangulato, ante angulum paululum emar- 
ginato. 

Of an oval trigonal form, rather short and pointed in front, 
raised and truncated at the back. The ribs are broad, and in the 
narrow interstices may be seen faint grey spots, in addition to 
four interrupted purplish rays, more or less visible over the ribs. 

Australia. 


9. Tapes semrrueata (pl. cxlv. f. 12), Phelippi (Venus), Ab- 
bild.t. 7. 6. 


T. testa 7. swlcose simili, sed costellis ad latera et umbones 
evanidis. 

The ribs are only seen on the middle portion of the ventral 
part of the shell, and the dorsal edge is rather straight; in other 
respects this species bears a close resemblance to 7. sudcosa. 

Locality unknown. In Mr. Hanley’s collection. 


10. Tapes Texttxe (pl. exlvi. f. 26, 27, 28), Gmed. Chemn. 
pl. 42. f. 442. Venus undulata, Did/wyn. 


T. testa ovali, oblonga, crassa, leevigata, fulvd, fasciatim grises- 
cente, angulatim fusco vel griseo lineat’ et reticulati; latere an- 
tico brevi, subacuminato ; margine dorsali_purpureo- literato, gra- 
datim eden antice innnlato.: Sinha tumidis. 

Oval, rather long, smooth, of a buff-colour reticulated with 
greyish-brown. 

Coast of Malabar, Zam. The small variety with livid umboes 


682 


was collected by Mr. Strange at Brisbane, east coast of New Hol- 
Jand. Mr. Cuming and Mr. Hanley have specimens. The white 
variety is in Mr. Cuming’s collection, also from New Holland. 


Ll. Tapus rimosa (pl. exlvi. f. 29), Phelippi (Venus), Ab- 
bild to 7. 7. 


T. testé ovali, oblong’, tenui, levi, prope marginem undulatim 
suleati, fulvé, purpureo et fulvo lineatim reticulaté et prope 
marginem radiati; latere antico brevi, subacuminato; margine 
dorsali literaté, gradatim declivi; lunuld lanceolaté; umbonibus 
parvis. 

Shaped like 7. ¢ewéedis, but thinner and rather less ventricose ; 
near the margin there are distinct sulci, not quite parallel with it. 
The markings are rather more purple, and towards the edge in- 
clined to radiate. 

The specimen in Mr. Cuming’s collection is from China. 


12. Tapus potrra (pl. exlv. f.15, 16), Sowerby, jun. 


T’. testé ovali, ventricosa, levigati, prope marginem ventralem 
leviter vix sulcatéi; fulva, rubescente, rufo-grisescente literatim 
obscuré maculaté; latere postico subtruncato ; latere antico sub- 
acuminato, breviusculo; margine dorsali literato, gradatim de- 
clivi, anticé lunulato ; umbonibus castaneo-unimaculatis ; margine 
ventrali subrotundato, anticé ascendente. 

A pretty, polished, rather small, oval, ventricose shell, similar 
in form to 7. sudcosa, of a reddish fawn-colour, obscurely marked 
with a dull reddish-grey ; near the ventral margin are two or three 
very slight riblets, and the wmboes have a little mark of reddish- 
brown at the apex. Inside orange under the umboes and marked 
with grey near the margin. 

A single specimen of this interesting shell is in Mr. Cuming’s 
collection ; it was found by Mr. Strange, in mud, at a depth of six 
fathoms, near Sydney. 


13. Tapes Mavaparica (pl. exlv. f. 6, 7, 8), Chemn. (Venus), 
Conch. vol. vi. t. 81. f. 324, 825. T. rhombifera, Bruguiere. 


T. testé subtrigond, subeequilaterali, fulva, griseo maculata et 
radiata, concentricé subundulatim costellis rotundatis lirata ; mar- 
gine dorsali literato, declivi, posticé subcomplanato, anticé ex- 
cavato; margine ventrali rotundato, postice emarginato, utrinque 
elevato ; umbonibus elevatis. 


683 


Rather trigonal, with the hinder side not much longer than 
the front, the concentric ridges slightly undulating, raised and 
rounded; the dorsal margin very sloping, flat and lettered; the 
ventral margin rounded, slightly bent wards at the back, and 
raised towards the front extremity, which is rather pointed. One 
variety has grey markings, rayed and zigzag; the other is of a 
pale fawn-colour, in which these markings are very pale or slightly 
visible. 

Moluccas. 


14. Tapus stnvosa (pl. exlv. f. 10), Lamarck (Venus), Anim. 
sans vert. no. 72. 


T. testa subtrigond, subsequilaterali, fulva, rufo pallidé radiatim 
lineaté et subpunctati, concentricé costellis numerosis laminatis 
erectis lirata, posticé angulaté ; margine dorsali dectivi, validé ex- 
cavato ; margine ventrali posticé sinuato. 

With the form of 7. rhombifera, this species has the nblets 
raised and laminar, and the ventral margin exhibits a bend similar 
to that in Zedlina. 

Australia. 


15. Tapus prncuts (pl cxlvi. f. 20, 21, 22, 23), Chemn. vol. 
vi. pl. 34. £.355, 356, 357. Var. Venus nebulosa, Chemn. f. 359, 
360. Venus opima, Gre. 


T. testa crassi, ventricosi, levigaté, subovali, brevi; fulva 
griseo nebulataé, vel alba fulvo nebulata, vel pallidé carneo undu- 
latim picti; umbonibus magnis; margine dorsali postice declivi, 
anticé subexcavato; latere postico subtruncato; latere anticée 
brevi, rotundato; margine ventrali rotundato. 

A remarkably tumid and thick shell, with large umboes, va- 
riously painted. 

Ceylon and ‘Tranquebar. 


16. Tapns Crytonensts (pl. exlvi. f. 24, 25), Sowerby, jun. 


T. testa ovali, oblonga, crassa, leevigati, ventricosd, fulva, pal- 
hidé viridi fasciaté, minuté fulvo-marmorati, nonnunquam griseo 
radiaté ; margine dorsali livido, antice distincté lunulato ; latere 
antico brevi; latere postico subtruncato ; margine ventrali subro- 
tundato. 

Resembling 7. pinguis, but much longer and less ventricose. 

Ceylon. In Mr. Cuming’s cabinet. 


684 


17. Tapes TurGIDa (pl. exlvn. f. 53, 54), Lamarck (Venus), 
Anim. sans vert. no. 39. var. Venus rufa, Zam.no. 30. Venus 
ovulea, Lam. No. 59. V. dorsata, Lam. no. 31. 


T. testé ovali, subquadraté, ventricos’, costellis concentricis 
validis posticé laminatis liraté, radiatim minute striata; fulva, 
rufescente, maculis fuscis radiata, intus roseo tinct’; latere antico 
brevi, rotundato ; latere postico lato, angulato, truncato; margine 
dorsali posticé elevato, anticé lunulato et literato; margine ven- 
trali rectiusculo. 

Very ventricose and angular at the back, with fine radiating 
striz over distinct concentric ridges, which are laminated at the 
hinder side. The colour is reddish-fawn, more or less obscurely 
lettered and rayed with large dark brown spots; a pinkish tint 
within. A variety occurs nearly white and spotless. 

Australia. 


18. Tapes trrerata (pl. exlvi. f. 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49), 
Chemn. (Venus), t. 41. £.432-3-4. var. Venus punctata, Chemn. 
t. 41. f. 486, 437. var. Venus nocturna, Chemn. t. 41. f. 435. 
V. punctifera, Lamarck, no. 38. 


T. testi magna, subcompressa, concentrice minuté subundulatim 
liraté; fulvé vel alba, varie picté; latere antico brevi, subacumi- 
nato ; latere postico elongato, lato, subangulato, subtruncato ; mar- 
gine dorsali postice elongato, rectiusculo, depresso, angustato, anticé 
lanceolatim lunulato, declivi ; margine ventrali posticée subarcuato. 

This large well- known species is : variously marked with angular 
lines, broad patches, or spots of brown. 

Australia. 


19. Tapes aspersa (pl. exlvn. f. 52), Lamarck (Venus), 
Anim. sans vert. no. 37, 'T. litterata, var. Dillwyn. 


T. test’ magni, subcompressa, concentricé subundulatim sulcis 
distantibus liratd, fulvi, griseo obscure literati, vel nigro-puncta- 
ta, maculis magnis nigrescentibus et albis alternatim quadrira- 
diataé; latere antico brevi, subacuminato, declivi; latere postico 
subdeclivi, elongato, lato, subtruncato; area dorsali angulatim 
excavati; margine ventrali paululum arcuata. 

The regular rays of black spots on whitish ground, and the 
much greater breadth of the ribs, may be considered as distinguish- 
ing this species from 7! aspersa. The latter character is the most 
important. 

Philippines, Cuming. 


685 


20. Tarzs Betcnert (pl. exlvu. f. 50, 51), Sowerby, jun. 


T. testa ovali, subcompressd, concentricé leviter sulcata, pallidé 
fulva, griseo literaté et maculis nigrescentibus triradiaté; mar- 
gine dorsali literato, subarcuato ; latere antico brevi; lunulé pur- 
pureo-lineata. 

Formed like 7. pullastra or T. virginea, of a sandy colour, let- 
tered and radiated with grey, and very remarkable for the bright 
purple lines on the lunule. 

Locality unknown. Specimen in Mr. Hanley’s collection ; 
brought by Captain Belcher. 


21. Tapes sutcarta (pl. ecxlvi. f. 30, 31, 32), Lamarck 
(Venus), Anim. sans vert. No. 41. 


T. test’ oblonga, subquadrati, flavidi seu aurantid seu fulvo- 
violascente, fulvo literaté et radiaté, planulatim sulcis postice 
evanidis liraté; latere antico brevissimo, declivi; latere postico 
elongato, truncato, angulato ; margine dorsali depresso, rectiusculo, 
anticé lunulato, declivi; marge ventrali paululum arcuato. 

Oblong, with the anterior side short and sloping, the posterior 
side angulated, long, and obliquely truncated ; the sulci between 
the flattened ribs nearly disappear towards the hinder angle, where 
the shell is nearly smooth. 

Moluccas. 


22. Tapes Desnayesi (pl. exlvi. f. 34, 35, 36, 37, 38), 
Hanley (Venus), Sp. of Sh. Appen. Suppl. pl. xvi. f. 35. 


T. testa 7. sudcari@ simili, sed minore, posticé vix angulata, 
sulcis continuis, posticé gradiformibus. 

Smaller and less angular than 7. swdcaria, with the sulci con- 
tinuous, and at the hinder part of the shell producing step-like 
ribs. In the typical variety the markings consist of lettering, 
with two broad bands of darker tint, edged by white and yellow 
rays, with dark spots. We figure several other varieties. 

Philippines. 


23. Tapes RECENS (pl. cxlvin. f. 62, 638, 64, 65, 66), Chemn. 
(Venus), Conch. pl. 202, f. 1979. Venus radiata, Chemn. pl. 201, 
£1971, 1972, 1973. 


T. test& obliqué subtrigond seu ovali, alba, griseo varié picta, 
levigaté, ad latera sulcaté, umbonibus prominentibus; latere 
postico elongato, plus minusve acuminato ; latere antico rotundato ; 


686 


margine dorsali utrinque excavato, declivi, margine ventrali sub- 
rotundato. 

Rather oblique in form, thick and ribbed at the sides ; figure 66, 
approaching nearest to the figure of Chemnitz, may be considered 
the representative of this very variable species. 

China. 


24. Tapes LaTeRisutca (pl. exlvin. f. 67 to 76), Lamarck, 
(Venus), Anim. sans vert. No. 60. 


T. testd obliqué subtrigond seu ovali, varie picti, levigati, ad 
latera sulcati, umbonibus tumidis ; latere postico elongato, plus 
minusve truncato ; margine dorsali utrinque excavato, declivi. 

This species is equally variable in form and colowing with 
T. recens, from which it may perhaps be separated by the prevail- 
ing breadth and squareness of the hinder portion contrasted with 
the acumination of 7. recens. In both a portion of the hinder 
part of the shell is smooth, the sulci having the appearance of 
being as it were rubbed out. 

Philippines. Cuming. 


25. Tapes CATENIFERA, (pl. cxlix. f. 106, 107, 107%), 
Lamarck, (Venus), Anim. sans vert. No. 70. 


T. “testé ovata, transversim sulcaté, albidd, radiis quatuor 
fuscis catenulatis ornaté ; ano impresso, subcordato.” 

The four chain-like rays marking our principal variety of this 
shell may serve to identify the species, and the above description 
is pretty accurate as far as it goes. I may observe that the sulci 
are a little lost sight of near the ventral margin at the posterior 
part of the shell. 

Locality unknown. In Mr. Cuming’s and other cabinets. 


26. Tapes FLAMMICULATA (pl. exlvii. f. 56-61), Lamarck 
(Venus), Anim. sans vert. No. 77. Var. Venus hiantina, Zam. 
No. 32. Venus carneola, Lam. No. 65? Vz. callypiga, Lam. 
No. 61. (non Born.) 


T. testa obliqué subquadratd, tumidd, fulva vel aurantia vel 
alba, varie picta, concentricé undulatim sulcaté, radiatim tenuiter 
striata, posticé subtruncati, angulati; margine dorsali declivi, 
utrinque subexcavato; margine ventrali subarcuato. 

A very variable, tumid, angular species, with wave-like con- 
centric ridges. 

Australia. 


6387 


27. Tapes rimurarts (pl. exlvii. f. 55), Lamarck (Venus), 
Anim. sans vert. no. 74. 


T. testa 7. flammiculate simih, sed magis angulata, suleis prepe 
angulum magnis, irregularibus, colore fulvo- grisescente. 

Shorter and more angular than 7! ‘flammiculata, with the sulci 
much more gross and irregular. Of a dull greyish fawn-colour. 


New Holland. 
28. Tapes TENUISTRIATA (pl. exlvii. f. 78, 79), Sowerby, pun. 


T. testé 7. flammiculate simili, sed tenui, vix angulata, magis 
compressa, sulcis numerosis, parvis ; margine dorsali vix depresses ; 
colore fulvo-violascente, albo- biradiato ; Tanul cordata, colorata. 

Like 7. flammiculata, but thin, scarcely angulated, more com- 
pressed, with the sulci more fine and numerous. The dorsal mar- 
gin is scarcely depressed ; the colour rather purplish-fawn, with 
two white rays. ‘The lunule is darkly coloured. 

Locality unknown. There is a large specimen in Mr. Cuming’s 
collection, and a small one in Mr. Sowerby’ S: 


29. Tapes Luzontca (pl. exlix. f. 100, 101), Sowerby, jun. 


T. testa ovali, concentricé costellis numerosis rotundatis lirata ; 
rufa vel grisea, radiatim fusco maculaté et variegatd ; lunuld dis- 
tinct’é ; margine dorsali lividA; margine ventrali subrotundato. 

egularly oval, with numerous rounded riblets, of a specklec 

Regularly oval, witl led riblets, of a speckled 
reddish or greyish colour, radiated and variegated with brown 
spots. 

Puteo, island of Luzon, Philippines. Cuming. 


30. Taps incerta (pl. exlvin. f. 77), Sowerby, jun. 


T. testa subtrigona, costellis numerosis rotundatis liraté, crass, 
posticé angulata, subacuminati, anticé brevi; fulva, griseo radia- 
tim maculata, posticé aurantia ; margine dorsali declivi, utrinque 
livido ; margine ventrali paululum arcuato. 

A more regularly formed shell than 7. flammiculata, more 
acuminated at the back, and the coste more regular and rounded. 

Locality unknown. The specimen is Mr. He anley’s. 


31. Taprs perpLexa (pl. exlvii. f. 80), Sowerby, jun. 


T. testi obliqué subtrigond, costellis rotundatis numerosis 
hrata, posticé subangulata et subtruncati, antice brevissimaé ; fulvii 
4.u 


688 


rubescente-albo sparsim maculata, maculis fuscis parvis quadri- 
radiat& ; margine dorsali declivi, livido. margine ventrali subrotun- 
dato ; iunulé distincta ; wmnbonibus lividis, 

Something hike 7. incerta, but more oblique and more de- 
pressed. The hinder part is less angular, but more truncated. 
The four rays, composed of small square spots, are remarkable, 
and the umboes are purplish. 

Locality unknown. In Mr. Sowerby’s collection. 


_ 32. Tapes rrortpa (pl. exlix. f. 112, 113), Lamarck 
(Venus), Anim. sans vert. no. 66. Var. V. intuspuncta, P/z- 
Lippi, Abbild. t. v. £. 7? 


T. test& ovali, tenui, concentricé striati, varie pictd, intus 
aurea ; latere antico breviusculo, subacuminato ; latere postico 
subexpanso, vix truncato. 

Not so distinctly g rooved nor so much truncated at the back as 
T. texturata. It is “variously marked, but the largest markings 
are principally at the back. 

Mediterranean. 


33. Tapes FLORIDELLA (pl. exlix. f. 96, 97, 98, 99, et test. 
jun. f. 105), Lamared: (Venus), Anim. sans vert. no. 69. Venus 
bicolor, Lam. no. 65. Venus pulchella, Lam. no. 71. 


T. testi ovali, utrinque acuminatd, concentricé striata, varié 
picta, intus aureo et purpureo tinct’; latere antico brevi, acumi- 
nato ; lunula plerumque livida vel fuscd ; latere postico obliqué 
subtruncato. 

After examining a great number of specimens, I conclude to 
separate this species from 7. florida, on account of the greater 
acumination of the extremities. The colouring is equally variable. 

Mediterranean ? 


34. Tapus arenosa (pl. exlvi. f. 33, copied), Phelippi, 
Abbild. Venus, pl. vu. f. 6. 


T. “ testd ovato-oblonga, transversim striata, lneisque radianti- 
bus obsoletis decussatad, albida, lineolis angustis rufis angulato- 
flexuosis picté ; extremitate postici sensim attenuata, subrostrata ; 
lunula lanceolata, violaceo-lineatd ; ared angustd, profundata, vix 
distinct.” 

From the figure and description as here copied, I am partly 
inclined to think this may be a variety of 7! florida. 

Locality unknown. 


689 


35. Tapes pwraina (pl. exlix. f. 104), Lamarck (Venus), 
Anim. sans vert. no. 67. Venus Beudanti, Pay. Cat. pl. 
f. 32. 


T. testd ovali-oblongd, concentricé minutissime striata, sub- 
compressa, utrinque acuminata, rufa, versus umbones violascente, 
albo-biradiata ; latere antico breviusculo ; lunuld indistincta. 

Flatter, more acuminated (particularly at the hinder end), and 
much more finely striated, than 7. floridedia. The colour is a de- 
licate pinkish-fawn, minutely spotted, and gradually becoming 
purple towards the apex, from which radiate two white lines, 
dividing the surface into three parts. 


Probably European. 
36. Tapes acuminata (pl. exlix. f. 105), Sowerby, jun. 


T. testa 7. floridedle simili, sed levigata ; fulva, inaculis fuscis 
punctata et radiata. 

Exactly like 7. floridella in form, but quite smooth.—Ods. 
Since sending this to the composer I have, on further considera- 
tion, concluded that this is but the young of 7. floridedla, which, 
like that of 7 virginea and T. geographica, is always smooth. 


37. Tapes Hanunyt (pl. exlix. f. 102, 103), Sowerby, jun. 


T. test& parva, subtrigon’, concentricé striaté, purpurascente- 
albo et maculis fuscis biradiaté, inttis purpurea, utrinque subacu- 
minata, posticé subelongatd ; lunulé impress’; dente cardinali an- 
tico magno. 

A small purplish shell, with very fine concentric strive, radiated 
with bands of white, interrupted by little linear spots on each side. 
The upper margins are slopimg and the terminations rather 
pointed ; the hinder side is about twice as long as the front. 

Rio Janeiro. The specimen is in Mr. Hanley’s collection. 


38. Tapes aurna (pl. exlix. f. 108, 109, 110), Gme/. (Venus). 
Venus nebulosa, Pulteney. Venus enea, Venus nitens, Venus 
sinuata, Turton, Dyth. Brit. Venus vermiculosa, Lamarck, no. 716. 


T. testé ovali-subcordataé, creberrime sulcatd, utrinque subacu- 
minata, falva, fusco varié subreticulati, intis aured; margine 
dorsali subangulato, declivi, anticé brevi, lunulato; margine ven- 
trali post medium arcuato. 

Oval, inclining to cordate, closely and evenly grooved; sides 
sloping and both terminations rather pointed. The ventral edge 
has a peculiar swell behind the centre, by which this specics may 


690 


be easily distinguished from others. The inside is generally bright 
orange, from which, however, a variety (V. vermiculosa, Lam.) 
from Sardinia is exempt. 

Great Britain and the Mediterranean and Northern seas. 


39. Tapes rexrurata (pl. exlix. f. 111), Lamarck (Venus) 
Anim. sans vert. no. 43. 


T. testa ovali-subcordati, subplanulatim crebre sulcata, wtrinque 
subacuminata, fulva, rufo-reticulata, inttis aurea; margine dorsali 
subangulato, declivi, anticé brevi, lunulato; margine ventrali 
paululum rotundato. 

The ventral margin has not the same sudden swell that charac- 
terizes that of 7. aurea, and the sulci are rather more distant and 
less rounded, particularly at the back part of the shell; in other 
respects it is difficult to distinguish this species, except by its 
markings, which are peculiar, consisting of reddish-brown reticu- 
lations. It may nevertheless be regarded as distinct. 

Indian Ocean, Lamarck. In Hanley’s and Cuming’s collections. 


40. Tapus virernea (pl. cxlx. f.$1, 82, 83, 84, test. jun. f. 
92), Linn. (Venus), Syst. Nat. ed. 13. p. 1136. Venus rhomboides, 
Pennant. Cuneus fasciatus, Da Costa. Venus Sarniensis, Turton. 
Venus virago, Loven. ‘Tellina elliptica, Brown. 


T. test& ovali-oblonga, subcompressd, albd, roseo tincta et fas- 
ciati, vel fulvd, intus roseo timeta, sulcis ad latera subdistantibus 
subplanulatis liraté; latere postico clongato, obtuse subtruncato ; 
latere antico brevi rotundato ; margine dorsali rectiusculo, paulu- 
lum depresso ; lunulé elongata, impressa, declivi. 

Of an oblong oval form, rather compressed, with grooves which 
are rather more distant and strong at the sides than im the middle. 
The ventral and dorsal margins are both rather straight; the an- 
terior end short and rounded, the posterior obtusely truncated. 
The prevailing colour is pinkish-white, with rays of brighter pink 
and a rose tint inside. The very young shell is smooth. 

North Sea, shores of Great Britain, and the Mediterranean. 


41. Tapers Cuminert (pl. cl. £128), Sowerby, jun. 


T. test elongata, compress4, grisescente, fusco posticé virgulata, 
antice interruptim radiata, postice elongata, gradatim angustata, 
ad terminum acuminata, auticé brevi, rotundata, paululum ascen- 
dente, omnino minute divaricatim striata. 

This shell is remarkable in form and sculpture, being some- 
what of an elongate rhomboid, but tapering to almost a point at 


691 


the hinder part; the surface is marked by diverging short strize 

in the direction from top to bottom; the marking consists of dull 

greyish rays in front and twig-like touches at the back. 
Philippines. Cuming. 


42. Taps corrueata (pl. cl. f. 121, 122), Gmel. (Venus). 
Venus obsoleta, Chemn. vol. vii. pl. 42. f. 444. 


T. testa ovali, compressd, sordidé alba, inthis purpureo tincta, un- 
} < 3: +} 2 ] in 
i Gi A A 
dulatim rugosa, posticé subangulata, elongata, obtuse subtruncata, 
post angulum rugis magnis lirati; anticé brevi, subrotundata. 
Rather flat, of a slightly angulated form, nearly white, purple 
within near the posterior margin and on the hinge; with the ex- 
ternal surface corrugated by broken, undulating riblets, which are 
. 5 . . Z . 5 2 
strongest behind the shght oblique posterior angle. 
Mediterranean. 


43. Tapes pacryLorpes (pl. cl. f. 129), Sowerby, jun. 


T. testa 7. corrugate simili, sed multo magis ventricosi, magis 
elongata et cylindrica, rugis magis disruptis. 

Not so flat nor so broad, but more cylindrical and longer than 
T. corrugata, with the rugosities more broken up. 

Locality unknown. Specimen in M. Gubba’s collection. 


44, Tapus pisrupta (pl. exlix. f. 95), Sowerby, gun. 


T. testa 7. corrugate simili, sed rugis posticé laminatis, magnis, 
anticé valdé disruptis; margine dorsali elevato, recto; testa 
colore varié picta. 

Not so oval, but still much like 7. corrugata ; the hinder part 
has the ridges large and laminated, the front part shows them as 
it were broken up and distorted; the shell is prettily coloured, 
especially at the beaks and within. 

Mediterranean ? 


45. Tapes opaca (pl. cl. f. 123), Sowerby (Venus), Zool. 
Proc. 1835, p. 42. 


T. “testa oblong, subquadrata, subturgida, levi, opaci, albida, 
pallidissimé purpurascente ; latere antico breviore, rotundato, con- 
centricé ruguloso, postico subrotundato, supra infraqne subangu- 
lato; margine interno integerrimo ; ligamento permagno.”’ 

Oblong, large, squarish, moderately ventricose; the front side 
the shorter, with equidistant raised concentric lines reaching over 
the third part of the shell, the rest bemg smooth. 

Chil; sandy mud at low water. Cuming. 


692 


46. Tarps maxima (pl. cl. £127), PAcdippi (Venus), Ab- 
bildot/6, fo, 


T. testa magni, ventricosa, pallidé fulva, ovali-subquadrata, in- 
tis alba, pallidé purpureo tincté, concentrice costellis numerosis 
crebris, posticé subelevatis majoribus liraté; ligamento magno. 

This large shell is of a squarish-oval form, white inside, pale 
fawn outside. The riblets are rather coarser at the back. It dif- 
fers from 7. epaca inasmuch as its whole surface is concentrically 
striated or ribbed, and it is more ventricose. 

Locality unknown. 


47. Tapes trrnorpea (pl. cl. f. 126), Jowas (Venus), Philippi, 
Abbild. Venus, t. 4. f. 1. 


T. testa alba, 7. opace simili, sed omnino leevigata. 

Like 7. opaca, but smaller, and without the raised lines which 
characterize the anterior portion of that species. 

Copaipo, Cli. Jonas. 


48. Tapes purpurata (pl. el. f. 124, 125), Sowerby, jun. 


T. testa ovali, subcompressa, albf, intts purpurea, irregulariter 
et subundulatim concentricé costellata; latere postico longiore, 
obtuse subtruncato ; latere antico brevi, rotundato. 

Like 7. maxima, but of much smaller growth, and more oval. 
The inside is of a very deep purple colour. 

Kurachee, mouth of the Indus. 


49. Taprs inTerMeEpiA (pl. cxlvi. f. 39, 40), Quoy, Astrol. 
t. 84. f.5, 6. Venus ignobilis, duéon, Philippi, Abbild. t. 6. f. 2. 


T. testa ovali-subquadraté, pallidé fulva, minutissimé radiatim 
striati, concentricé costellis irregularibus subundulatis, postice 
sublaminatis, ad angulum complanatis liraté; latere postico lon- 
giore, angulato, oblique truncato, anticé brevi, superné declivi. 
Var. testa parva, subrotundata. 

Of an oval subquadrate form, very mimutely and radiately 
striated, with concentric, rather undulating riblets, which are 
rather laminated behind the posterior angle and peculiarly flat- 
tened near it. 


New Zealand. 


50. Tapes Grocrapnica (pl. exlix. f. 87 to 91), Chemnitz, 
vol. vi. pl. 42. f. 440. Var. Venus glandina ? 


T. testa elongata, subangulata, minute decussata, pallide fulva, 


693 


posticé brunned, omnino lineis fuscis lterataé, seu varie pictai seu 
alb’; posticé elongata, recti, truncat’, oblique angulati, post an- 
gulum liraté, antice brevi, rotundata. 

More lengthened and much more finely striated in both direc- 
tions than 7. pu/lastra, with the hinge margin straight, and the 
ventral margin a little turned upwards at the truncated posterior 
extremity. The young is often quite smooth, and it is then /. 
glandina of some authors. 

Mediterranean. 


51. Tapes puttastra (pl. exlix. f. $5, 86), Wood (Venus), 
General Conchology. Venus perforans, Mont. Test. Brit. p. 127. 
pl.3. f.6. Venus Senegalensis, Did/wyn. Venecrirupis perforans, 
Lamarck. Venerirupis nucleus, Lam. Venus palustris, Mawe. 
Pullastra vulgaris, Sowerby. Venus plagia, Jeffreys. 


T. testa rhomboidea, concentricé crebré suleata, radiatim minu- 
tissimé striata, pallidé fulva, fulvo-rubescente pallidé maculata, 
nonnunquam intts posticé purpurati, rugis posticis plus minusve 
undulata; latere antico brevi, vix angulato; latere postico elon- 
gato, subtruncato; margine dorsali posticé recto, anticé indis- 
tincté lunulato, declivi; margine ventrali vix arcuato. 

This species is subject to great variation, in consequence of the 
different conditions im which it exists. When confined in holes of 
rocks it becomes more oblong and irregular, with the rugosities 
at the hinder extremity more marked; it is then the Venus 
perforans of authors. When freely grown it is rhomboidal, pretty 
full, truncated and long at the hinder part, rounded and short at 
the front; the sculpture consists of concentric, slightly waved 
strie, which are rugose and thick at the back, crossed by much 
finer radiating striz. 

Great Brita and northwards. 


52. Tapes pecussata (pl. cl. f. 115, 115*), Linnaeus 
(Venus), Syst. Nat. p.1135. Venus florida, Poli, Test. Sicil. 
pl. xxi. f. 16, 17. Venerirupis decussata, Mem. Pullastra de- 
cussata, Brown. 


T. testé ovali, subrhomboided, strus et rugis concentricis et 
sulcis radiatis decussata, fulvi, fusco et griseo varie pict; latere 
postico oblongo, rugis conspicuis, subtruncato; latere antico 
brevi, subrotundato. 

This well-known shell is of an oblong squarish form, rather 
long, straight, and truncated behind, short in front, with the 


694: 


upper edge sloping ; the external surface is coarsely decussated, 
the concentric ridges being rather larger at the extremities. 
British Islands, Mediterranean Sea, and Senegal in Africa. 


53. Taprs penticunata (pl. cl. f. 114), Sowerby, jun. 


T. testa ovali-subrhomboided, alta, ventricosi, pallidé fulva, 
griseo obscuré maculata et radiata, sulcis radiantibus ineequalibus, 
medio alternatis, et costellis numerosis concentricis ad latus pos- 
ticum denticulatis decussaté; latere antico subrotundato, brevi; 
lunula ovali, griseo-literata ; latere postico oblongo, obliqué 
truncato; margine dorsali depresso, recto, laminato, subdeclivi, 
grisco-literato ; margine ventrali subrotundato. 

A deeper and much coarser shell than 7. decussata, with a 
more rounded ventral margin, the riblets denticulated at the back 
part of the shell, and the radiating grooves unequal and subdi- 
vided im the middle. ‘The lunule is of an oval form, speckled 
with grey. 

Locality unknown. In Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


54. Tapes Puiripprnarum (pl. chi. f. 139, 140, 141), 2. 
Adams (Venus), Zool. Voy. Samarang, Mollusca, p. 79. pl. 22. 
f. 10. 


T. “testa oblongo-ovata, anticé truncata, fulva, fusco variegata, 
obscuré radiata, radiatim liraté, liris numerosis, subundulatis, ad 
latera decussatim nodulosis ; intus partim violaced.” 

Formed like 7. /ndica, but with the apex nearly terminal, so 
as to give the front part of the shell a truncated appearance ; the 
radiating grooves are unequal, some of them angulated and flat- 
tened. The area of the dorsal margin is angularly excavated and 
the lunule small. 

Philippine Archipelago. A. Adams. 


55. Tapus Inpica (pl. chi. f. 146, 147), Hanley, MS. 


T. test subrhomboided, fulva, fusco maculatim radiata, intus 
aurantid ; sulcis acutis, numerosis, ineequalibus, radiatis, et cos- 
tellis concentricis, ad latera elevatis, et posticé costellis radiatis, 
angulatis, serratis, decussata ; latere postico oblongo, subtruncato ; 
margine dorsali subdeclivi, depresso, literato; latere antico brevi, 
dechivi; lunulé magna, oval, griseo-literaté; margine ventrali 
paululum arcuato. 

Indian Seas. Mr. Cuming brought specimens from the Phi- 
lippines. 


695 


56. Tapes gupstriata (pl. cl. f. 116, 117), Montagu 
(Venus), Test. Brit. Suppl. p. 48. pl. 29. f. 6. 


T. testa subquadrati, parva, sinuata, alba, striis tenuissimis 
concentricis et costellis minutis equalibus decussaté; latere an- 
tico brevissimo, umbonibus subterminalibus; margine dorsali 
recto, ascendente ; latere postico truncato. 

Of a square form, white, and of irregular growth, decussated 
with very minute concentric and rather more distinct raised and 
equal radiating strie ; the square form results from the terminal 
position of the umboes, the straight dorsal edge, and the trun- 
cated hinder side of the shell. It has been passed over as a 
variety of 7. decussata of confined growth, but the equality of 
the sculpture as well as the form forbid my adopting the same 
conclusion. 

Great Britain. 


57. Tarzs Lasonxarit (pl. el. f. 120), Payr. (Venus), Cat. 
Cor. pl. 10. f. 11, 12. 


T. testa 7. sinuose simili, sed striis majoribus, medio subde- 
presso, margine dorsali haud tantum elevato. 

T am doubtful about the characters of this species as distin- 
guishing it from 7. sinuosa ; but having seen a number of speci- 
mens of both, and finding the slight differences well preserved in 
all, I venture to admit them. They are, the depression in the 
middle of the shell, the less elevation of the dorsal margin, and 
the coarser character of the sculpture in 7. Lajonkarii, which is 
also usually coloured with yellowish-brown. 

Corsica. 


58. Tapes susquapRata (pl. cl. f. 119), Sowerby, jun. 


T. testa pallidé fulva, parva, compress4, subquadrata, minutis- 
simé radiatim et concentricé striata, anticé brevi, subrotundata, 
posticé subquadrata. 

This little shell is flatter, more regular, and less square than 7. 
sinuosa; it has a slight depression in the middle of the shell from 
the apex. The umboes are not so nearly terminal. 

Locality unknown. In Mr. Hanley’s collection. 

On re-examination T am inclined to think this only a young 
specimen of 7. Lajonkarii. 


59. Tapes Gaxacrires (pl. ch. f. 132), Lamarck (Venus), 
Anim. sans vert. no. 52. 
4x 


696 


T’. test. oblonga, ovali, albd, radiatim ineequaliter sulcata; la- 
tere postico elongato, obliqué subangulato, truncato; margine 
dorsali recto, angulatim depresso ; latere antico brevi, angustato ; 
margine ventrali posticé subrotundato, anticé ascendente. 

White, long, obliquely rhomboidal, with unequal radiating 
sulci: our specimen is narrow at the front, and broader behind, 
where the ventral margin swells a little. 


New Holland. 


60. Tapes Brucurmrt (pl. cl. f. 1380, 181), Hanley (Venus), 
Sp. of Shells, Appen. Suppl. pl. 16. f. 16. 


T. test& oblongd, subrhomboidea, fulva, grisescente, ad um- 
bones violacea vel fulva, albo-biradiaté, maculis fuscis biradiata, 
radiatim ad latera serratim costellaté, in medio planulatim sul- 
cati; latere antico brevi; latere postico oblongo, oblique suban- 
gulato, truncato ; margine dorsali et margine ventrali rectis. 

This is ike 7. galactites, but is less oblique, and the radiating 
sulci are flat, presenting angulated edges. ‘ 

Ceylon. Dr. Sibbald. 


61. Tapes varincara (pl. ch. f. 133-138), Hanley. 


T. testa ovali, aureo, fusco, et violaceo varie pict’; costellis ra- 
diantibus minutis et strus concentricis minutissimis decussata ; 
margine ventrali arcuato. 

More oval than either of the two preceding, decussated and 
variously painted with tints of orange, violet, and brown, and 
markings of the latter. 

Philippines. Cuming. 


Srcr. 2. Ventral margin denticulated within. 


62. Tapes Dompett (pl. cl. f. 118), Lamarck (Venus), Anim. 
sans vert. no. 21. Venus Chilensis, Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 


1835, p. 41. 


T. testa ovali-subrotundaté, magna, crassi, pallida, fusco varie 
pict; costellis radiantibus, medianis planulatis, lateralibus cre- 
nulatis, et liris concentricis medio evanidis decussati; lunuld 
tumida; margine ventrali crenulato. 

A large, nearly rounded shell, with flattened radiating nbs, 
which are decussated (principally at the sides) by concentric 
ridges; the lunule is tumid. 

Valparaiso Bay. Cuming. 


697 


63. Tapes crassicosra (pl. exlix. f. 93), @uoy (Venus), 
Voy. Ast. Moll. pl. 84. £1, 2. V. costata, Gray? 


T. testa ovali-subquadrati, crassi, albi, intus posticé violacei, 
planulatim laté radiatim costata, costis posticis elevatis subrugo- 
sis, antice costellis reflexis subundulatis decussatis ; margine in- 
tus minuté crenulato. 

Of a rhomboidal form, rather deep, thick, and rounded ; with 
broad radiating ribs, which are raised at the posterior part of the 
shell and intersected at the front by undulating concentric ribs, 
which do not quite reach to the middle. 


Otago, New Zealand. 
64. Tapes tumipa (pl. exlvi. f. 42), Sowerby, jun. 


T. test& subrotundaté, ventricos’, crass, pallida, posticé rufo 
sparsim maculata, radiatim costati, costellis numerosis, anticis 
duplicatis, anticé concentricé leviter striata; umbonibus tumidis ; 
margine ventrali intiis minute denticulato. 

A tumid, nearly white shell, with small radiating ribs, which, 
in the front part of the shell, are duplicate, and crossed by faint 
concentric striz. 

Columbia. In Mr. Hanley’s collection. 


65. Tapes piversa (pl. exlvi. f. 41), Sowerby, jun. 


T. testa crassi, cretaced, rhomboided, ventricosa, anticé rotun- 
data, posticé truncata, radiatim costatd; costellis posticé et medio 
ineequalibus, subserratis, acutis, anticé costellis concentricis un- 
dulatis decussatis ; lunulé linea impressa circumscripté; margine 
dorsali declivi; margine ventrali denticulato ; ligamento magno. 

Large, chalky-white, truncated at the back, rounded in front, 
with radiating ribs, which at the back and middle of the shell 
are sharp, unequal, and denticulated; in front are crossed by 
rather distant concentric undulating ridges. The ligament is 
large; the ventral margin crenulated within. 

Monterey, California. Mr. Hartweg. 


66. Taves TessELLATA (pl. chi. f. 142, 143), 4. Adams 
(Venus), Voy. Samarang, p. 79. pl. 22. f. 11. 


T. “test’i oblongo-ovata, anticé truncata, crasstuscula, fusco 
alboque strigat&é et tessellata, radiatim multiliraté, transversim 
tenuissimeé striaté; lunulad lanceolata, ovata.” 

The specimen of this shell in Mr. Cuming’s collection is of a 


698 


dark purple colour inside, and has crenulations on the inner part 
of the ventral margin. 


Philppimes. 
67. Targs Lima (pl. cli. f. 144), Sowerby, jun. 


T. testa ovali, subquadrata, pallidi, fusco sparsim variegati, 
radiatim costata, costis rotundatis, serratis, concentrice liata, 
liris super costas acuminatis; margine dorsali fulvo-lineato, pau- 
lulum declivi, anticé validé declivi; lunuld impressd, fulva; mar- 
gine ventrali rotundato, intus crenulato. 

The strong, rounded, radiating ribs are crossed by raised lines, 
which are produced upon them into points. 

New Zealand. Specimens in Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


68. Tarss piscors (pl. cli. f. 148, 149, 150), Sowerby 
(Venus), Zool. Proc. 1835, p. 42. 


T. “ testa obovali, crassiuscula, radiatim confertim striata, anticé 
rugis decussati, alba, fusco-nigricante instrati, coloribus valve 
alteree diversimodo ordinatis; linea dorsali elevatiusculé ; intus 
alba, posticé violaceo tincté; margine ventrali crenulato.” 

Formed like 7. decussata, but more oval, and the ventral mar- 
gin crenulated within. The dorsal edge is slightly slopmg and 
one valve overlaps the other; at the end it is angular. The ra- 
diating ribs are denticulated at the back of the shell, rather sharp- 
edged and laterally flattened in the middle, and traversed by cre- 
nulated raised concentric lines in the front. The markings of 
dark brown colour always differ in the two valves. 

St. Elena, South America, and Guacomayo, Central America ; 
in sandy mud, at six to nine fathoms. Cuming. 


62. Tapes Fusco-LInEata (pl. cli. f. 145), Sowerby (Venus), 
Zool. Proc. 1835, p. 41. 


T. testa 7. discord: simili, sed fusco angulatim lineata. 

It is not easy to see any difference between this species and 
T. discors, except in the character of the marking, which is cer- 
tainly peculiar, and seems to be constant, consisting of beauti- 
fully arranged angular lines of dark brown. 

Guacomayo, Central America; in sandy mud, at thirteen fa- 
thoms. Cuming. 


699 


70. Tarrs TRicotor (pl. cli. f. 153), Sowerby (Venus), Zool. 
Proc. 1835, p. 41. 


T. “testé ovato-elliptica, crassiuscula, radiatim costellata, cos- 
tellis decussatis ; maculis interruptis, fuscis, irregularibus, radia- 
tim dispositis; margine dorsali medio subangulato; impressione 
cordiformi, antici parva; intus violaced; margine ventrali denti- 
culato.” 

More rounded and short than 7. discors, with the colour beau- 
tifully arranged in irregular rays of angular spots edged with dark 
brown. I feel doubtful, however, as to the propriety of admitting 
this species as distinct from 7. discors. 

Puerto Portrero, Central America; sandy mud, at. eleven to 
thirteen fathoms. Cuming. 


71. Tapes crava (pl. cli. f. 152), Say (Venus), American 
Conchology, pl. 36. 


T. testa 7. discord: simili, sed magis rotundataé, umbonibus 
magis centralibus, maculis tessellatim dispositis. 

This shell is more broad and rounded than 7. discors, the um- 
boes are more central, and the colouring is arranged in spots so 
as to give a tessellated appearance. 

West coast of Mexico. Say. 


72. Tapes straminea (pl. cli. f. 151), Conrad, ie 

T. testa 7. grate simili, sed costellis radiantibus, medio partim 
evanidis. 

The ribs, instead of being sharp in the middle of the shell as 
in 7. grata, are as it were worn out, and that in living speci- 
mens. 

Locality unknown. 


, a 


MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS 
CLEMENTIA. 


Fam. Veneride. 


Char. Gen, CLEMENTIA, Gray. Testa equivalvis, ineequilatera, 
tenuis. Cardo dentibus in valva sinistra uno erecto antico, duo- 
bus obliquis laminatis posticis; in valvA dextra duobus erectis 
anticis, uno bifido laminato postico; in utrique valva ared trigond 
ante dentes posité. Impressiones musculares due; impressio 
pall sinu magno. 

The very thin, light character of the Venus papyracea, and the 
peculiar form of its hinge, constitute the reasons given for its 
separation from the genus Venus. The hinge is thin, having one 
anterior erect tooth, and two posterior laminated teeth in the 
left valve locking into two anterior erect teeth, and one posterior 
laminated tooth in the right, with a triangular area in front of 
the teeth im each valve. The sinus in the impression of the 
mantle is deep. 


1. Crementia papyracea (pl. cli. f. 155), Gray, Wood, 
Suppl. pl. 2. f. 8. 


C. testa obliqué ovali, inflata, alba, posticé oblique subacumi- 
nata, anticé brevi, subrotundat’; margine dorsali declivi, subex- 
cavato; lunulé indistincté, impressi; margine ventrali arcuato ; 
undis concentricis latis ad umbones elevatis, prope marginem 
ventralem evanidis. 

Obliquely oval, swelled, white, rather tapermg and acuminated 
at the back, rather short and rounded in front, concentrically un- 
dulated with broad ridges, which are large and conspicuous near 
the umboes, but almost disappear near the ventral margin. 

New Holland. 


2. CLEMENTIA siMILis (pl. cli. f. 156), Sowerby, yun. 
C. testa parva, C. papyracee simili, sed rectiusculd, antice pau- 
lulum subtruncata, posticé haud tantum attenuata. 


701 


Of a less oblique form than C. papyracea, rather more square 
in front and less attenuated at the back. 
San Nicolas, island of Zebu, Philippines. Cuming. 


3. CLEMENTIA GRANULIFERA (pl. cli. f. 154), Sowerby, gun. 


C. testa subrhomboided, alba, minuté sulcis obliqué decussatis 
granulata. 

Of an oblong form, rather truncated, white; the external sur- 
face cut into small diamond-shaped granules by minute sulci 
crossing each other obliquely. 

Bay of Manila; sandy mud, four to six fathoms. Cuming. 


LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CXLV. TO CLI. 


(The Figure after each name is the number of the Species.) 


Fig. Fig. 
Puate OXLV. 26-28. T. textilis, 10, Gmel. 
TAPES. 29. — rimosa, 11, Phil. 
1, 2. T. papilionacea, 2, Lamk. | 30-32, — sulcaria, 21, Lamk. 
3-5. — rariflamma, 1, Lam. 33. — arenosa, 34, Phil. 
6-8. — Malabarica, 13, Chemn. | 34-38. — Deshayesii, 22, Hazl. 
9. — declivis, 7, Sowb., jun. |39 40, — intermedia, 64, Gray. 
10. — sinuosa, 14, Lamk. 41. — diversa, 65, Sowd., jun. 
11. — amabilis, 6, Phil. 42. — tumida, 64, Sowd., jun. 
12. — semirugata, 9, Phil. 

13, 14. — sulcosa, 8, Phil. Puate CXLVI. 

15, 16. — polita, 12, Sowd., jum. |43-49. T. literata, 18, Chemn. 
17. — euglypta, 5, Phil. 50, 51. — Belcheri, 20, Sowd., jun. 
18. — exarata, 4, Phil. 52. — aspersa, 19, Lamk. 

19. — lirata, 8, Phil. 53, 54. — turgida, 17, Lamk. 
Pirate CXLVI. Pirate CXLVIII. 
20-23. T. pinguis, 15, Chemn. 55. T. rimularis, 27, Lamk. 


24, 25. — Ceylonensis, 16, S%., 7. |56-61. — flammiculata, 26, Lamk. 


703 


Fig. 

62-66. T. recens, 23, Chemn. 

67-76. — laterisulca, 24, Lamk. 
77. — incerta, 30, Sowd., jun. 

78, 79. — tenuistriata, 28, Sd., jun. 
80. — perplexa, 31, Sowd., jun. 


Piate CXLIX. 


81-84. T. virginea, 40, Linn. 
85, 86. — pullastra, 51, Wood. 
87-91. — geographica, 50, Che. 
92. — virginea, 40, Linn. 
93. — crassicosta, 63, Quoy. 
95. — disrupta, 44, Sb., jun. 
96-99. — floridella, 33, Lamk. 
100, 101. — Luzonica, 29, Sd., jun. 
102, 103. — Hanleyi, 37, 8d., jun. 
104. — petalina, 35, Lamh. 
105. — acuminata, 36, S0., ju. 
106, 107. — catenifera, 25, Lamk. 
108-110. — aurea, 38, Gmel. 
111. — texturata, 32, Lamk. 
112, 118. — florida, 32, Lamk. 


Puate CL. 


114. T. denticulata, 53, Sd., 7. 
115,115* — decussata, 52, Linn. 
116, 117. — substriata, 56, Mont. 

118. — Dombeii, 62, Lamk. 


w 


Fig. 


119. 


120 
121, 122 
123 
124, 125 
126 
127 
128 
129 


130, 131 


132. 


133-138 
139-141 
142, 143 

144 


145. 


146, 147 
148-150 
151 


152. 


153 


154. 


155 
156 


T. subquadrata, 58, S0.,7. 
. — Lajonkarii, 57, Payr. 
. — corrugata, 42, Gmel. 

. — opaca, 45, Sowd. 

. — purpurata, 48, Sd., ju. 
. — lithoida, 47, Jonas. 

. — maxima, 46, Phil. 

. — Cumingi, 41, S6., ju. 
. — dactyloides, 43, Sd., 7. 


Puate CLI. 


. T. Bruguieri, 60, Honl. 

— galactites, 59, Lamk. 

. — variegata, 61, Hani. 

. — Philippinarum, 54, 4. 

. — tessellata, 66, ddams. 

. — lima, 67, Sowd., jun. 

— fusco-lineata, 69, Sd. 

. — Indica, 55, Hanl. 

. — discors, 68, Sowd. 

. — straminea, 72, Conrad. 

— grata, 71, Say. 

. — tricolor, 70, Sowé. 
CLEMENTIA. 

C. granulifera, 2, Sd., jun. 

. — papyracea, 1, Gray. 

. — similis, 3, Sowd., jun. 


MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS 


VENUS. 


Fam. Veneridee. 


Char. Gen. Testa sequivalvis, Insequilateralis, plerumque ovalis 
seu orbicularis ; impressionibus muscularibus duabus subrenifor- 
mibus ; pallii impressione plerumque posticé plus minus sinuata ; 
ligamento externo; lunuld impress4; cardine dentibus duobus et 
tribus cardinalibus. 

In the Cytherea there is a lateral tooth near, and anterior to, 
the diverging cardinal teeth; this is wanting in most of the true 
Veneres, and although in the orbicular group, which has been 
separated under the generic name “ Dosina,” a slight indication 
exists of a similar tooth, it is so rudimentary as to be almost 
imperceptible. The genus includes some very different-looking 
groups, which yet pass so gradually into each other as to render 
a division into distinct sections impracticable. All the species 
however, from /’. puerpera to V. gallina, have a crenulated inner 
margin, and the few from /. striata to V. aquilatera have it 
smooth. 


1. Venus puErPERA (pl. cli. f. 1, 2), Zinn. Mantissa, 
p- 545. Venus reticulata. 


V. test& ponderosa, ventricosi, subrotundata, sulcis planulatis 
radiantibus et costellis concentricis anticé crassiusculis submonili- 
feris erectis posticé sublaminatis decussati; pallidé fulva, fusco 
variegata et purpureo (posticé preecipuc) obscur’ radiata, intus 
posticé purpured; latere postico magno, subtruncato ; margine 
dorsali elevato, arcuato, longitudinaliter plicato ; ; latere antico 
brevissimo, umbonibus depressis; lunulé magna, lined impressa 
circumscripta ; margine ventrali intus crenulato. 

Thick, ventricose, rather rounded, with flattened radiating rib- 
lets, crossed by rather thick concentric ribs, which are inclined to 
be laminar at the hinder part of the shell, and beaded or scalloped 

4 y 


704 


in front, the swell of each scallop being towards the ventral mar- 
gin. The dorsal edge is raised and arched; the anterior side 
very short, with the umboes bending downwards; the lunule 
large, and defined by a deep suture. “In all the species of this 
group the mner margin is crenulated. The colour is pale fawn, 
variegated with light and dark brown, with one or two broad 
rays, and the back a dull purple; a large tinge of purple at the 
hinder part of the interior. There is “also a “large white shell in 
Mr. Cuming’s collection, almost denuded of its concentric ridges, 
which must be referred to this species. 


Island of Luzon, Philippines. Cuming. 


2. Venus maenirica (pl. cli. f. 5), Sowerby, jun. 


V. testi rotundata, ponderosd, sulcis radiantibus planulatis et 
costellis concentricis distantibus crassiusculis undulatis posticée 
obsoletis decussaté; pallide fulvaé, ad umbones fusco variegati, 
prope marginem ventralem purpurascente, fasciis concentricis 
purpurascentibus ornaté, intus albi; margine dorsali angusto, 
uniplicato, rectiusculo; umbonibus elevatis, rotundatis; latere 
antico brevi; lunulé magna, distincti. 

This shell has not the inferior purple patch of V. puerpera, it 
is more rounded and less oblique, the umboes are rounded and 
elevated, the dorsal margin is not arched, and concentric ridges 
appear naturally obsolete. The figure in the ‘ Encyclopaedia’ 
(pl. 278. f. 1) gives a better idea of our shell than it does of 
V. puerpera, while that in Chemnitz (f. 388, 389) represents the 
latter exactly. 

Island of Ticao, Philippines. Cuming. 


3. Venus tacerata (pl. cli. f. 3, 4), Hunley, Sp. of Shells, 
Appendix Wood’s Supplement, pl. xvi. f. 23. 


V. testa tenui, ventricosi, rotundati, alba, pallidé fulvo-varie- 
gata, sulcis numerosis planulatis radiantibus et costellis numerosis 
concentricis anticé undulatis posticé laminatis et acute laqueatis 
decussaté; margine dorsali angusto, paululum arcuato, elevato, 
longitudinaliter plicato ; margine ventrali anticé ascendente ; lu- 
nulaé magni, impressa. 

In form more like V. magnifica than V. puerperas a much 
lighter shell than either; the ribs in both directions more nume- 
rous, and very delicately and sharply fluted and laminated at the 
back. 

Island of Zebu, Philippines. Cuming. 


7105 


4. Venus cosrentara (pl. chi. f. 14), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. 1835, p. 42. Dosina antiqua, Gray. 


“V. test’ obovati, turgidi, fuscescente, costis lamellosis reflexis 
posticis magis eminentibus concentricis ornati, lincis radiantibus 
nupressis albis decussaté ; impressione cordiformi anticd distincta, 
marginibus medianis elevatiusculis, intus alba’; margine ventrali 
crenulato.” 

Of a more depressed, oval form than others of the same group, 
the concentric ridges rather obsolete im the centre, close and la- 
minated at the posterior side, and close and undulated at the 
anterior side of the shell. 

Valparaiso, Cli, and Callao, Peru ; in coarse sand, six to fifteen 
fathoms. Cuming. 


5. Venus Lisrerr (pl. chi. f. 7, 8,9), Gray (Dosina) in 
Analyst, 1838. Eneyce. Méth. pl. 278. f. 2. 


V. testa ovali, subquadrati, ponderosi, sulcis numerosis planu- 
latis radiantibus et costellis concentricis numerosis anticé crenu- 
latis reflexis crassis posticé erecto-laminatis laqueatis decussaté, 

SaceeN A bd A £ Lie 
pallidé fulvi, fusco-variegata; latere postico clongato, postict 
truncato; margine dorsali recto, uniplicato ; latere antico brevi ; 
lunulaé magna, sutwrd circumscripta. 

Of an oblong truncated form, with the hinge-line nearly straight 
(not arched as in /. puerpera) ; the ridges in both directions a are 
more numerous, and the concentric ones more laminar, than in 
V. purpurea. The latter character is however sometimes lost, 
as in the large, probably aged, specimen represented by fig. 8 
The figure in the Encyclopedia i is very exact for the type. 

Philippines, Cuming. Australia. 


6. Venus Cuemnrrzi (pl. clu. f. 6), Hanley, Sp. of Shells, 
App. Wood’s Suppl. pl. 16. f. 20. 


V. testi V. Instert simili, sed costellis concentricis ‘enuibus 
omuino laminatis acute laqueatis colore fusco angulatim varie- 
gata. 

Resembling 7. Listeri, excepting in the character of the con- 
centric ridges, which are thin, laminated throughout, and fluted in 
the same manner as in the hinder side of the shell in V. lacerata. 
The brown colour is arranged in beautiful zigzag markings. 

Island of 'Ticao, Philippines. Cuming. 


706 


7. Venus muuricostara (pl. cli. f. 10), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. 1835, p. 22. 


V. “testa elliptici, ventricosi, crassi, concentricé multicostata ; 
costis reflexis, crassis, anticé undulatis, medio crenatis, posticé 
alternatim interruptis, subirregularibus, subundulatis; margine 
dorsali rectiusculo, ventrali rotundato; impressione cordiformi 
anticé distincta.” 

Of the same form as /. Listert, but with ribs very thick and 
reflected at the anterior, undulated, in the middle crenulated, and 
at the posterior rather irregular, alternately interrupted, and very 
slightly undulated. 

Panama Bay; in coarse sand at low water. Cuming. 


8. Venus resricunata (pl. clin. f. 23), Sowerby, jun. 


V. testi ponderosi, ventricos4, rotundati, alba, prope umbones 
subradiatim maculatd, sulcis radiantibus et costis concentricis no- 
duliferis validis posticé sublaminatis numerosis decussati ; mar- 
gine dorsali subarcuato, plicato; lunulé magna, laminaté; mar- 
gine ventrali crenulato. 

This shell is much rounder in form than V. mudticostata, and 
the ribs are more universally crenulated. Both the species differ 
from V’. puerpera in the thickness and closeness of the ribs. 

Kast Indian Islands. 


9. Venus Laqueata (pl. clin. f. 15), Sowerby, yun. 


V. testi ovali-subquadrati, ventricos4, costellis radiantibus 
duplicatis et costellis concentricis distantibus erectis laminatis 
latis acuté laqueatis decussati, alb&, seu pallidé fulva, obscuré 
triradiati ; margine dorsali rectiusculo, valvee dextree laminato, 
alteram superante, valvee sinistree subplanulato; lunulé magna, 
laminaté ; suturd circumscripta. 

Oblong, rather truncated and very ventricose, with the concen- 
tric ribs deep, laminated and beautifully scalloped. Those of /. 
Chemnitzii present a very miniature likeness of them. 

Swan River, Australia. Jukes. 


10. Venus rericutata (pl. clin. f. 11, 12, 13), Lenn, Mus. 
Ul. p. 508. V. corbis, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. sp. 4. 
Chemn. f. 382, 383. 


V. testa obliqué ovali-suboblonga, alba vel fulva, fusco vel rubro 
variegata, costellis radiantibus rotundatis et costellis concentricis 


107 


reflexis crassis anticé et medio acuté noduliferis posticé sublami- 
natis laqueatis decussati; latere postico subobliqué truncato ; 
margine dorsali subelevato, rectiusculo; latere antico brevi; lu- 
nulé impress; cardine dentibus aurantiis. 

One peculiarity of this species is the deep orange-colour of the 
teeth; another, the thick angular nodules formed on the concen- 
tric ridges at the points of decussation. 

Philippines, Cuming. Madagascar. 


11. Venus monitirera (pl. chii. f. 19), Sowerby, jun. 


V. test& subcompressi, subquadrati, fulvd, fusco-rubescente 
radiatim maculata et posticé angulatim sublineati, costellis moni- 
liferis radiantibus et costellis concentricis crassiusculis crenulatis 
decussati; margine dorsali elevato, rectiusculo; latere antico 
breviusculo, subquadrato, medio depresso ; latere postico truncato, 
subangulato ; cardine dentibus aurantiis. 

Notwithstanding the orange teeth, this shell differs sommuch in 
its compressed, square shape, and in the beaded elevation of the 
radiating ridges resulting from the comparative depression of the 
concentric ones from /. reticulata, that I think the distinctness 
of this species will be readily admitted. The largest of the three 
specimens is from the collection of Mr. Gubba. 

Puerto Galero, island of Mindoro, Philippines. Cuming. 


12. Venus pyemma (pl. clvi. f. 69-72), Lamarck, Anim. 
sans vert. Venus, no. 3. 


V. testi parvi, compressa, ovali, costellis radiatis et laminis 
crenulatis concentricis cancellaté, alb&’, fusco sparsim variegataé 
vel rubro radiaté; margine dorsali, excavato, nigro-lineato, valve 
dextra laminato, valve sinistree planulato; lunuld impressa. 

A small species, presenting a miniature resemblance to /. re- 
ticulata, but longer and flatter in proportion. The area of the 
hinge is wide, hollow, and in one valve smooth. ‘Two specimens 
from the Philippines have a few brown spots on a white surface, 
and another, worn, has broad rays of red; in all, the hinge-area 
is marked with strong transverse black lines. 

Honduras Bay. 


13. Venus Lamarcxi (pl. chii. f. 20, 21), Gray, in Brit. 
Mus. V. subrostrata, Zeeve, t. 68. f. 4. V. cancellata, Chemn. 
f. 306. 


V. testa ovali-subtrigona, ventricosi, alba, fusco obscuré trira- 


708 


diaté et maculata, intus rosea, costellis radiantibus anticé dupli- 
catis et laminis erectis, anticé reflexis, superné crenulatis, subtus 
laqueatis, posticé lobatis decussata ; latere postico sublobato, sub- 
rostrato, margine dorsali declivi, planulatim excavato; latere an- 
tico breviusculo, margine rotundatim elevato; lunuld radiatim 
striata, fusca. 

One of the most beautiful species in the group, distinguished 
by its elegantly sculptured concentric lamine, with duplicate ra- 
diating ribs, and by the beautiful rose-colour of the interior. 

Singapore. China. 


14. Venus noputosa (pl. clit. f. 16), Sowerby, jun. 


V. testa ovali-subtrigona, albi, fusco obscuré triradiaté et ma- 
culati, intus rose, costellis radiantibus anticé duplicatis et lami- 
nis erectis anticé validé reflexis superné costellatis subtus noduli- 
feris posticé lobatis et expansis decussati; latere postico elon- 
gato, subrostrato; margine dorsali declivi, planulatim excavato ; 
latere antico breviusculo, margine rotundatim elevato; lunulé de- 
pressi, radiatim striata, fusca. 

The shell is rather longer and flatter than VY. Lamarchkii, and 
the concentric lamine are coiled round and thickened so as to 
present their under surface in round nodules. It may be only a 
very remarkable variety. I am acquainted with several specimens, 
one of which is in Mrs. Colonel Cathcart’s collection, and another 
in that of Mr. Taylor. 

Locality unknown. 


15. Venus ornatissima (pl. clin. f. 24), Broderip, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 44. 


“V. testa subglobosi, radiatim creberrimé costaté, lamellis con- 
centricis, valde elevatis, crispo-plicatis, spadiceo-albente, intus 
alba, limbo interno crenulato.” 

More rounded than /. Lamarchkii, with the lamine broad, dis- 
tant, and beautifully fringed in the front as well as the back part 
of the shell, and the radiating ribs duplicate from the middle to 
the border; colour brownish-white. 

Panama; in sandy mud. Cuming. 


16. Venus sturtiima (pl. clin. f. 17, 18), Sowerby, jun. 


V. testA ovali, crassd, sordidé alba, costellis duplicatis radiata, 
laminis concentricis laminatis numerosis anticé reflexis crenulatis 


709 


posticé divaricatim striatis costellataé; umbonibus elevatis ; late- 
ribus declivibus; margine dorsali complanatim excavato; lunula 
impressii. 

A well-sculptured shell similar to the preceding, but having 
the concentric ridges very numerous and (in the front part of 
the shell) reflected ; at the back of the shell they are spread and 
striated divergently. Ligamental area very smooth and deeply 
excavated. Vig. 17 is from a specimen in Mr. Cuming’s collec- 
tion; f. 18 is from one in Mr. Hanley’s collection, which I place 
rather doubtfully with it. 

California. 


17. Venus Gnopra (pl. cliv. f. 25), Broderip et Sowerby, 
Zool. Journ. vol. iv. p. 364. 


“V. testi eequivalvi, subventricosi, liris concentricis muricatis 
distantibus, striis radiantibus decussantibus, anticé spinosioribus.” 

The concentric ridges are very distant and produced into a 
series of broad spies; their under side is ribbed in correspond- 
ence with the radiating ribs, which are alternately single and du- 
plicate. The hinder side of the shell is rather pointed, with the 
dorsal margin considerably sloping. 

Pacific Ocean. 


18. Venus Amatuusta (pl. cliv. f. 26, 27), Philippi, Ab- 
bild. t. 11. f. 4. V. encausta, 


“V. testi cordato-triangulari, tumidi, crassi, longitudinaliter 
sulcati, transversim rugosi; rugis distantibus, equalibus, imte- 
gris; ared oblonga, depress’; lunuld laté cordata.” 

The shell here figured (f. 26), from Mr. Hanley’s collection, 
perfectly agrees with the figure in Philippi above quoted; it is 
evidently an ill-developed and much-worn shell. Our second 
figure (f. 27) however represents a perfect shell, from Mr. 
Cuming’s collection; these two are brought together by inter- 
mediate specimens, and present a species so closely resembling 
V. Gnidia as to render the separation extremely doubtful. The 
concentric scalloped ridges are much less prominent, and are 
covered on the under side by a drown, shining enamel; while 
those of V. Gnidia are of the same texture as the other parts of 
the shell. This may possibly indicate a difference in the habit 
of the animal. 

California. 


710 


19. Venus canceiata (pl. cliv. f. 28-31), Linn. Syst. Nat. 
12th edit. p. 1130. V. ziczac, Linn. Syst. 10th edit.? V. Dy- 
sera, Chemn., tab. 28. f. 287-8-9-90. Mercenaria variabilis, 
Schum. 


V. testa cordato-subtrigona, crassi, plerumque grisea, fusco 
angulatim variegatd, intus posticé violaced, costellis duplicatis 
radiata, varicibus concentricis crassiusculis reflexis crenulatis in- 
eequidistantibus cincti; latere postico declivi, subrostrato; area 
dorsali planatim excavata, fusci vel literata; latere antico bre- 
viusculo, rotundato ; lunula radiatim striata, fusca. 

Rather heart-shaped, triangular, thick, radiately double-ribbed, 
girt with reflected, rather thick, crenulated varices at irregular in- 
tervals. The hinder side is rather pointed; the dorsal area much 
excavated and flat; lunule striated, large, and generally dark. 
There is generally a posterior patch of purple inside. ‘his very 
common shell is generally of a grey colour, variously marked with 
angular lines and patches of brown. 

St. John’s, Hartweg. Honduras Bay, Dyson. 


20. Venus compta (pl. cliv. f. 32, 33, 34), Broderip, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1838, p. 43. 


“V. testi subtrigona, planiuscula, crassi, lamellis concentricis 
lateraliter crenulatis crassiusculis radiatim creberrimé costellata, 
albente, lineis flavo-castaneis inscript’; ared posticd incisd, spa- 
diceo-strigata ; lunula pallidiore ; intus alba, limbo crenato.” 

Resembling /. cancellata, and with difficulty separated from it. 
It is however a flatter shell, more spread at the sides, where 
the radiating striz are divergent; and the concentric ribs less 
reflected and more laminar. 

In coarse sand and mud, seven fathoms. Bay of Sechura, 
Peru. 


21. Venus susrostrata (pl. cliv. f. 39), Lamarck, Anim. 
sans vert. no. 13. V. neglecta, Sowerby, Zool. Beechey’s Voy. 
pl. 41. f. 8. 


V. testa cordato-subtrigond, posticé subtruncata, crassa, pal- 
lidé fulvo-grisescente, fusco angulatim variegata, intus alba, cos- 
tellis duplicatis radiata, varicibus concentricis numerosis, crenu- 
latis, laminatis, subsequidistantibus; latere postico declivi, sub- 
truncato; area dorsali planulatim excavati, fusco-literaté; latere 
antico brevi; lunulé magna, striata, fusca. 


711 


A more truncated shell than /. cancellata, with the concentric 
ridges more equidistant and numerous. 
Found in sandy mud on the coast of Central America. 


22. Venus uNDATELLA (pl. cliti. f. 22), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. 1835, p. 22. 


“V. testa rotundato-ellipticd, crassi, albidi, fusco maculati, 
punctatd, et undatim pictd; costellis radiantibus confertis, alis- 
que decussantibus, undulatis, sublamellosis ; latere antico breviore, 
postico subdeclivi; marginibus depressis; margine ventrali ro- 
tundato, intus crenulato.” 

The next remove, after /. subrostrata, from V’. cancellata. It 
is more broad and truncated, with the dorsal margin less sloping, 
the edges of the right valve strongly overlapping, that of the 
left strongly marked with transverse bands of black ; the concen- 
tric ridges numerous, undulated, and crowded near the margin. 

Found on the shore at the island of Tres Marias, Gulf of Cali- 
fornia. 


23. Venus susrmBricata (pl. cliv. f. 835-38), Sowerby, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 21. 


“VY. testi cordato-subtrigona, crassi, fusco albidoque lineatim 
radiata vel variegata; costellis radiantibus confertis, costis subim- 
bricatis decussantibus, prope umbonem lamelliferis ; latere antico 
breviore, impressione cordaté antici magni; latere postico lon- 
giore, declivi, planulato, depresso; margine ventrali rotundato, 
intus denticulato.” Variat testé parva, longiore, costis decussan- 
tibus omnibus lamelliferis. 

A very variable shell, of the same group as /. cancedlata, but in 
which the concentric lamin are only seen near the umboes, and 
afterwards exchanged for more or less raised and irregular undu- 
lations in the same direction. 

Puerto Portrero, Central America. The extreme variety (f. 38), 
in Mr. Gubba’s collection, is from California. 


24. Venus Catirorntensis (pl. cliv. f. 40, 41), Broderip, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 43. V.leucodon, Sowerby, ib., inclusa. 


“VY. testi globosi, crassd, albente, concentricé multilamellosa, 
lamellis crassiusculis, lateraliter subcrenulatis, costis creberrimis 
cancellata ; area posticd infossd, grandi; lunuld magna, tumente ; 
intus alba, impressionibus muscularibus violaceo-fucatis ; limbo in- 
terno crenato.” 

A 7, 


(ee 


A large, thick, cancellated shell, the reflected concentric ribs 
of which become less and less distant towards the ventral margin. 
The V’. deucodon has the same character of ribs, the same broad, 
flat, excavated dorsal area, the same obliquely cordate form, and 
only differs in having the hinder part of the shell of a dark colour, 
and a dark rim continued round the inner margin around and 
between the white denticulations. 

Found in coarse sand at low water, in the Gulf of California. 
Cuming. 


25. Venus cauosa (pl. cliv. f. 44, 55), Conrad, Journ. Ac. 
Nat. Sc. vol. vi. p. 252. 


V. testi ponderosd, obliqué cordata, subovali, ventricosa, alba, 
grisescente, posticé fuscd, mtus posticé purpurea; costellis ra- 
diantibus striatis planulatis et costellis concentricis interruptis ir- 
regulariter squamosis antice et medio decussati, posticé planata, 
prope marginem divaricatim striati; latere postico subrostrato ; 
margine dorsali declivi, paululum depresso; latere antico brevi, 
rotundato; lunulé vix distincti; margine ventrali rotundato, 
prope angulum posticum paululum emarginato. 

This very thick, obliquely heart-shaped shell is remarkable for 
the flattened scale-like nodules, formed by the crossing of the flat- 
tish radiating ribs and the concentric layers. 

Sandwich Islands, and California. 


26. Venus FLuctirraGa (pl. cliv. f. 42, 43), Sowerby, jun. 


V. testa ponderosa, subobliqué rotundata, alba, concentricé pur- 
pureo distanter fasciata, costellis radiantibus posticé et anticé ma- 
joribus et costellis mterruptim fluctuatis intersecti; latere pos- 
tico subangulato; margine dorsali rotundato, subarcuato, maculato, 
paululum depresso; margine ventrali intus crenulato, purpureo. 

Named as above from the character of the concentric ridges, 
which are fluctuated and as it were broken up on the surface ; 
the shell is solid, rounded, and nearly white, with several bands of 
livid colour; the inside is purple at the border, and about the 
posterior impressions: altogether not unlike /.cadlosa, but rounder. 

Australia. 


27. Venus GRanuLata (pl. clv. f. 47, 48, 49), Gmed. n. 33. 
Venus violacea, Gme/. 34? Venus “marica spuria,” Chemn. Conch. 
vol. vi. t. 30. f. 318. V. entobapta, Jonas, n Menke, Zeitsch. fiir 
Malac. 1845, p. 63. 


713 


V. test’ subrotundata, crassiusculd, grised fusco-nigrescente va- 
riegati, costellis ad latera majoribus omnino squamuliferis anticé 
precipué radiata, mtus posticé et ad marginem violaced ; latere 
antico brevi; lunuld fusca, striati; latere postico subtruncato ; 
are’ dorsali excavata, planulata, nigro-literata. 

In this species, which is rounder than the preceding, the ra- 
diating ribs are crossed by scales which are not continued in the 
interstices. The markings are dark and variegated, and the mside 


is painted with purple at the back and near the margin. 
West India Islands. 


28. Venus SrurcuBurtt (pl. elv. f. 50, 51), G Han a Wood’s 
Suppl. pl. 2.f.4. V. Zelandica, Quoy, Ast. . 8. £. 5 


V. testa ovali, oblique cordata, alta, crassi, ventricosa, fulva, in- 
tus posticé purpurea, radiatim planulatim costata, costellis postice 
subobsoletis, anticé et prope umbones costellis crenulatis concentri- 
cis cincti. 

A very ventricose shell, with the radiating ribs broad and flat, 
crossed by undulating riblets, which only reach from the anterior 
to the middle of the sheil, excepting near the very tumid umboes, 
where they reach all across at regular intervals. I am doubtful 
whether V’. cardiotdes is a variety of this species or of V. pectorina. 

New Zealand. 


29. Venus CoLumBiensis (pl. clv. f. 53, 54), Sowerby, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 21. 


“V. rotundato-elliptica, crass’, cinerco albidoque variegata, ra- 
diatim costati; costis plurimis, planulato- rotundatis, quam inter- 
stitia duplo latioribus ; latere antico breviore, costis decussatim 
squamosis, squamulis brevibus, obtusis ; lateris postici costis ru- 
gosis ; partis intermedi costis subleevibus, intus albicante.” 

This species stands alone, with its deep grooves and broad flat- 
tened radiating ribs, which are crossed at the sides by concentric 
rows of scale-like prominences. 

St. Elena, West Columbia. Cuming. 


30. Venus pEcTorina (pl. clv. f. 56, 57), Lamarck, Anim. 
sans vert. (Venus) no. 15. Var. V. cardioides, Lamarck, no. 18 ? 


V. testa subtrigond, ventricosa, crassa, fulva, posticé et ad aream 
3 f} ) ) 

dorsalem fusco angulatim maculati, imtus alba, costellis acutius- 

culis alternis minoribus radiata, striis elevatis concentricis cancel- 


714 


lati; latere postico declivi, superné planulatim excavato, subtrun- 
cato; latere antico rotundato; lunuld magni, striata, alba. 

The alternate radiating ribs are more prominent than cither the 
intermediate ones or the radiating striae, giving a pectinated ap- 
pearance to the shell. 

America. 


31. VENUS ASPERRIMA (pl. clv. f.57, 58), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. 1835, p. 42. 


“V.testi obovata, crassiusculd, opaci, albicante radiatim costel- 
lata; costellis numerosis, decussatis, asperis ; latere antico breviore ; 
margine dorsali postico declivi, rectiusculo; impressione cordiformi 
anticd elongata.” 

Broader, flatter, more truncated posteriorly and more sharply 
ribbed and decussated than V. pectorina. 


In fine sand at low water ; at the island of Lobos, Peru. Cuming. 


32. Venus uisrrionica (pl. elv. f. 52), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. 1835, p. 4:1. 


“V. testa obovata, pallidé fulva, radiatim costellata, costellis 
plerumque duplicatis, concinné decussatis, asperis, maculis inter- 
ruptis fuscis irregularibus radiatim pict’; margine dorsali rectius- 
culo, posticé subangulato; impressione cordiformi antici parva, 
intus purpurascente ; margine ventrali denticulato.” 

More rounded and flatter than /. pectorina, with the ribs more 
equal, duplicate and rounded; the markings consist of several rays 
of fantastically-shaped patches of brown. 

Found in sandy mud at a depth of thirteen fathoms, at Guaco- 
mayo, Central America. Cuming. 


33. Venus rntersecta (pl. clv. f. 59, 60), Sowerby, jun. 


V. testd ovali, ventricosi, albé vel grised, fusco-cinerascente 
omnino picta vel posticé maculata, intus alba, costellis acutiuscu- 
lis tripartitis radiata, striis elevatis concentricis intersecti; latere 
postico subdeclivi, subacuminato ; are’ dorsali angusta, excavata, 
valvee dextree fusco-albo maculata, valve sinistree fusco nigres- 
cente ; latere antico breviusculo, rotundato; lunula fusca, radiatim 
striata ; dente cardinali antico permagno. 

In texture nearly resembling /’. pectorina ; in shape approach- 
ing V. crenifera, yet larger and less pointed than that species. 
In the specimens I have seen, the dorsal area of the right valve is 


715 


angularly spotted with white, while that of the left is of the same 
dark colour as the lunule and a portion of the hinder part of the 
shell. 

Puerto Puero, Central America. Cuming. 


34, Venus crenirera (pl. clvi. f. 78, 74), Sowerby, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 43. V. elevata? Say. V. radiata, Chemn. 
t. 36. f. 386? 


“V. testa ellipticd, asper, albicante-fusco maculaté et varié 
picta; lamellis concentricis brevibus, confertis, striis radiantibus 
confertissimis decussatis ; margine ventrali crenulato; dente car- 
dinali antico magno.” 

Except in rare cases the fringed concentric ridges of this rather 
beaked shell are raised very slightly over the radiating striz, 
which are arranged in groups of three; several of the groups 
more distinct and distant at the anterior side. The lunule is dis- 
tinct, striated, and generally dark in colour; the dorsal area ex- 
cavated, smooth, and strongly marked with brown. ‘The surface 
is generally marked by radiatimg broad bands of zigzag markings. 

The specimens were found in sand at low water at Payti, Peru. 
Cuming. 


35. Venus pecorata (pl. clvi. f. 77, 78), Broderip et 
Sowerby, Zool. Journ. vol. v. p. 49. V. bella, Jonas, Philippi, 
Abbild. t. 4. f. 4. 


“VY. testa cordato-trigona, latere postico productiore, alba, liris 
longitudinalibus crenulatis sulcisque radiantibus decussatis granu- 
losi; margine crenulato.” 

This elegantly sculptured shell is characterized by radiating 
ribs, the three posterior of which are larger than the others; they 
are crossed by concentric fringed varices, which are scalloped as 
they pass over them. In the darkly-coloured variety the lunule 
and dorsal margin are of a very dark colour. The form is rather 
cordate, acuminated at the back. 

West Indies. 


36. Venus rmpricata (pl. clvi. f. 81, 82), Sowerby, jun. 


V. testé ovali-subcordata, parva, albida, costis validis acuté la- 
minatim imbricatis radiaté; latere postico angulato, fusco, declivi, 
acuminato, latere antico brevi; lunulé parva, fusca, striata; um- 
bonibus (intus quoque) purpurascentibus. Variat costellis fuscis 
interstitiis albis. 


716 


Formed like /’. decorata, but instead of the continuous concen- 
tric ribs, it has only leafy imbrications upon the distinct radiating 
ones. The specimen kindly supplied by Mr. Hanley is very de- 
heately coloured with a purplish tint on and within the umboes, 
a light brown on the lunule and posterior area, with a pink tinge 
upon the ribs. Mr. Cuming’s specimen has dark brown ribs with 
white interstices. 

Locality unknown. 


37. Venus Cocutnensis (pl. clvi. f. 79, 80), Thorpe, P 
V. testa ovali-subcordati, parvd, posticé subangulata, pallidé 
fulva vel grised, prope umbones livida, posticé validé colorata, cos- 
tis squamiferis rotundatis validis radiata, interstitiis angustatis. 
Like /. imbricata, but flatter, with the ribs less elevated, and 
rather granulated than imbricated. 
Cochin China. 


38. Venus squamosa (pl. clvi. f. 83, 84), Linnaeus, Syst. 
Nat. p. 1183. Cytherea squamosa, Lamarck, no. 75. 


V. testé subtrigond, ventricosi, albo-grisescente, partim ob- 
scuré fuscatd, costellis duplicatis moniliferis prope marginem 
magis numerosis radiata, rugis Interruptis concentricis noduliferis 
cincti; latere postico productiore, contracto, rostrato ; margine 
dorsali declivi, fusco, planulatim excavato; latere antico brevius- 
culo, rotundato; lunuld magna, rotundata, fuscd, striati; margine 
interné crenulato. Variat lunula, area dorsali, et inter costas cas- 
tanea. 

This common, triangular, rostrated shell has an appearance of 
scales formed by the concentric undulations crossing the radiating 
duplicate coste. 

Bay of Manilla, in sandy mud. Cuming. 


39. Venus FLEexvosa (pl. clvi. f. 85, 86), Linneus, Syst. 
Nat. p. 1133. V.impressa, Anton, Hanley, Wood’s Supp. pl. 16. 
f. 27. 


V. testa subtrigona, ventricosi, alba, fuscescente vel grisescente, 
immaculata, vel nigro interruptim triradiatd, radiatim striata, 
rugis concentricis crenulatis cincti; latere postico productiore, 
contracto, rostrato, margine dorsali declivi, planulatim excavato, 
livido ; latere antico rotundato ; lunula levigata, excavata; mar- 
gine interno levi. 

It is not ribbed, but simply striated in the radiating direction, 


717 


and the irregular concentric ruge are finely crenulated as they 
pass over the stric. In the preceding species the lunule 1s 
striated, in this it is quite smooth. While all the other species 
of this group have the inner margin crenulated, in this it is per- 
fectly smooth,—an instance showing the extreme difficulty of 
arranging shells in defined groups. 

The radiated variety is from China. 


40. Venus punctirera (pl. clvi. f. 87), Gray, Brit. Mus. 


V. testa elongato-subtrigond, crassi, grised, radiatim striata, 
concentricé rugiferd ; latere postico angulato, producto, rostrato, 
ad angulum nodulosim carinato; margine dorsali levigato, litera- 
to; latere antico brevi, subacuminato ; lunula laevigata, literati. 

More acuminated and lengthened than /. macrodon, with a cre- 
nulated keel at the posterior angle, and the concentric ruge con- 
tinued in the middle of the shell. 

Indian seas. 


41. Vunus macrovon (pl. clvi. f. 88, 89, 90), Lamarck (Cy- 
theraea), Anim. sans vert. no. 73. Var. Cytherea lunulata, La- 
marck, Philippi (Venus), t. 3. f. 10. 


V. testa subtrigona, crassi, ventricos, flavido-grisescente vel 
alba, griseo maculata et literata, vel fuscd, ad latera et prope um- 
bones radiatim obscure striata, concentricé rugiferi, medio plana ; 
latere postico angulato, producto, rostrato, ad angulum monili- 
fero; margine dorsali declivi, levigato, nonnunquam literato ; 
latere antico rotundato ; lunula impressi, levi; umbonibus angu- 
latis, elevatis; margine interno crenulato; dente cardinali antico 
magno. 

Shaped like the preceding, but with the umboes more elevated 
and angular, and the greater part of the central surface smooth; a 
posterior angle is beaded at the upper part. The grizzled variety 
is lettered on the dorsal margin and lunule. 


Brazil. 
42, Venus rostrata (pl. clvi. f. 91), Sowerby, jun. 


V. testa parva, levi, grisescente, subtrigond, concentricé lirata ; 
latere postico producto, rostrato; latere antico brevi, subacumi- 
nato; lunula et area dorsali lividis, levigatis. 

A beautiful little shell, similarly formed to the preceding, but 
smooth, with rather round, concentric ribs. 

Locality unknown. Specimens in Mr. Hanley’s collection. 


718 


43. Venus ovata (pl. clvn. f. 99, 100), Pennant, British 
Zool. vol. iv. p. 97. pl. 56. f. 56. Venus pectinula, Lamarck, n. 
26. Cytherea ovata, Meming, Brit. Anim. p. 445. Venus ra- 
diata, Philippi, Moll. Sic. 


V. testé ovali, compress’, fulvo-grisescente, fusco obscuré ma- 
culata, radiatim costellata, costellis longitudinaliter striatis, striis 
concentricis decussantibus; margine interno crenulato; lunula 
parva, striata, tumida. 

This is a flattish, oval, dull-coloured shell, with radiating, stri- 
ated ribs, which are crossed by decussating striz. 

Great Britain, and Mediterranean. 


44, Vunus srrtatissima (pl. clvii. f. 108, 104, 105), Sow- 
erby, gun. rycina cardioides, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. 


V. testa ovali, subcompressi, fulvo-purpurascente, fusco obscuré 
maculata, radiatim et concentricé striata; striis concentricis, eleva- 
tiusculis, laminatis ; latere postico subrostrato, productiore ; mar- 
gine interno denticulato; lunulé parva, striata, fusca. 

A rather fuller but smaller shell than /. ovata, with the radi- 
ating striz more numerous and equal, and the concentric striz 
sharp and raised. The hinder part of the shellis slightly beaked. 

Australia. 


45. Venus scapra (pl. elvii. f. 101, 102), Hanley, Sp. of 
Shells, Appendix, pl. 16. f. 24. 


V. testa ovali-subglobos4, obscuré fusca, costellis duplicatis con- 
centricé squamiferis radiaté; lunuld scabra. 

More globose than /. striatissima and V. ovata, with the ra- 
diating strie gathered up, especially near the umboes, into riblets, 
and crossed by concentric series of sharp scales, which are more 
elevated at the sides. 

New Holland. 


46, Venus cosTetLirera (pl. clvi. f. 106), 4. Adams, Zool. 
Samarang, Moll. p. 79. pl. 21. f. 18. 


V. testa oblongo-ovata, subtrigond, subsequilatera, alba, rubro 
sparsim variegata, longitudinaliter costaté; costis confertis, decus- 
satim plicatis, plicis semilunaribus, confertis, posticis squamulosis.” 

Nearly resembling the coarser variety of V. ovata, but the ribs 
broader, and crossed by semilunar plice. 

Philippines. Cuming. 


719 


47, Venus Manica (pl. clvii. f. 107-110), Linnaeus, 12th edit. 
p- 1180. Chemn. Conch. f. 282-3-4. 


V. test ovato-subtrigoné, alba, vel maculis fuscis angulosis sub- 
trigonis radiatim picta, concentricé et radiatim costellatd ; costellis 
concentricis noduliferis, ad latus posticum alternatim in laminis 
acutis fimbriatis productis ; area dorsali magni, striati, scabra, sub- 
elevata ; latere antico breviusculo; lunuld scabra, tumidd, magna. 

Of a rather trigonal form, with the radiating ribs so strongly 
decussating the concentric, obtuse lamine, as to cut them mio 
nodules; at the back of the shell some of these concentric ribs 
are discontinued, and others of them raised into sharp, produced, 
fringed iamine; behind these laminz is a scabrous area, elevated 
towards the dorsal margin. The lunule is large and scabrous. 
The colour is arranged in rows of large angular spots. ‘The 
species is subject to great variation, particularly as to the degree 
in which the concentric and radiating ribs modify each other in 
crossing. 


Philppines. Cuming. 


48. Venus austratis (pl. clvii. f. 111, 112), Sowerby, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 22. 


“V. test&é ovato-subtrigona, crassiusculd, fulvescente, maculis 
angulosis subtrigonis subradiatim picti, concentricé lamellosa ; 
lamellis concinnis, confertis, tenwibus, obtusis, pulcherrimé radia- 
tim decussatis, prope latera elevatioribus ; marginibus dorsali sub- 
elevato, ventrali rotundato, intus denticulato;” lunula parva, 
fusca, striata. 

Of an oval, approaching to trigonal form, with numerous, close, 
laminar, concentric ribs, finally crenulated by the radiating striz, 
and more produced at the posterior side. ‘The front side is the 
shorter, and has a small chestnut-coloured lunule. The colouring 
is very beautiful, being arranged in several rays of large angular 
brown spots. Var. f. 111 is coarser than the other, but not nearly 
so coarse as VY. marica. 


49. Venus spurca (pl. clvi. f. 92-98), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. 

Soc. 1835, p. 28. V. crassa, denticulata, mesodesma, violacea, 
Quoy, Astr. t. 84. £7, 8, 15, 16,17, 18,19, 20. Test. jun.? V. 
celata, Menke, Philippi, Venus, t. 5. £.3. V.spissa, Wood’s Suppl. 
“V. testa ovata, crassi, sordidé fulva, fusco radiatim maculosa, 


concentricé subobsoleté costellata ; costellis obtusis, prope latera 
subinterruptis ; margine ventrali intus denticulato.” 


5A 


720 


Fig 97 is the typical form of a strangely varied series of shells, 
to which the above names and some others have been given. Fig. 
98 is the overgrown and obsolete state, V’. spissa, Wood’s Suppl. 
pl. 16. f. 44. Fig. 92 represents the young shell, in which may 
he seen its interstitial radiating strie, and in which the concentric 
riblets are laminated at the posterior side. Fig. 95 is an example 
of zigzag marking. All the varieties are nearly equilateral ; in all, 
the inner edge is crenulated, and some of the concentric ridges 
interrupted at the sides, and all have a small, narrow, well-defined, 
chestnut-coloured lunule. 

New Zealand, Philippines, ete. 


50. Venus Papua (pl. clv. f. 61), Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1129. 


V. testa subtrigond, crassi, albi, fusco-grisescente maculata et 
lineata, levi, costellis magnis rotundatis anticé contractis lami- 
natis posticé abrupté contractis laminatim lobatis cinctd; latere 
postico productiore, acuminato ; ared dorsali declivi, late planulata, 
literata, excavaté; umbonibus productis ; latere antico breviuscu- 
lo; lunula concava, literaté; margine interno leviter crenulato. 

This well-known species has the broad, smooth, rounded ribs 
terminating in front in flat thick lamine, and behind suddenly 
contracted into broad laminated lobes. 


West Indies. 


51. Venus arrrnis (pl. clv. f. 62) 
erby, jun. 


P adopted by Sow- 


V. testA subtrigona, ovali, crass, albi, fusco radiatim maculata, 
levi, costellis crassis reflexis acutiusculis ad latera productis 
laminatis posticé abrupté interruptis tum unilobatis cincté ; la- 
tere postico productiore, subacuminato ; area dorsali declivi, late 
planulata, literata, vix excavati; latere antico breviusculo; lunula 
concava, literaté; margine interno leviter crenulato. 

I do not know whether the above name has been published, or 
by whom it has been proposed, but having found it in MS. I 
adopt it on the principle of never coming a name when a good 
one has been used in any way. The affinity is to V. Paphia, which 
the species nearly resembles. It is however a more oval shell, 
the concentric ridges are more extant and laminar throughout, and 
at the back suddenly interrupted previous to taking a square lobed 
form; the umboes are not so produced. 

Mr. Cuming and Mr. Gubba have specimens which are from 
Senegal. 


721 


52. Venus suBrucosa (pl. clv. f. 63), Sowerby, Genera of 
Shells, Venus, f.2. V.subsulcata, Menke (Jay). 


V. testa subtrigond, crassi, fulvo-grisescente, fusco quadrira- 
diata, ad umbones et ad latera radiatim striaté, concentricé validé 
rugis subundatis costellaté; latere postico longiusculo, subrostra- 
to, margine dorsali planulatim excavato ; latere antico rotundato ; 
lunuld magna, levigaté; dentibus cardinalibus magnis. 

Broader, larger, and less oblique than /’. macrodon, with very 
large ribs at the upper part of the shell, which is rayed with brown 
bands. 

West Columbia. Cuming. 


53. Venus Kautrerru (pl. clv. f. 64), Hinds, Voyage of the 
Sulphur, Mollusca, p. 65. pl. 19. f. 5. 


V.“testa obliqué cordata, solida, leevigati, castaned, transversim 
sulcati, seu potius lineis impressis excavata, intervallis latitudine 
variabilibus, ad extremitates laminis munitié; lunuld elongaté cor- 
data.” 

An obliquely cordate shell, on the same principle of construc- 
tion as V. Paphia, yet very different. The concentric ribs are 
broad and flat, crossed near the uuboes with impressed strive, and 
terminated at each extremity by laminar lobes, the posterior ones 
not quite reaching the hinder margin. One broad radiating band 
of a light chestnut-colour, with darker rays, covers all but the 
sides of this remarkable and beautiful shell. 

Island of Guibo, west coast of Veraguas. 


54. Venus Prrvviana (pl. clv. f. 66), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. 1835, p. 22. 


“V. testa obovata, crassi, concentricé costata; costis crassius- 
culis, sublamellosis, anticé reflexis, medio reflexis, fulvo-articula- 
tis, posticé deflexis, tenuioribus ; latere postico quam anticum du- 
plo longiore, marginibus depressis, planatis ; margine ventrali ro- 
tundato, intus levi.” 

Oval, concentrically ribbed, with the ribs thick, prominent, la- 
minated, reflected in the middle and till near the back of the shell, 
there turned downwards with a kind of fold and flattened. In 
front also they are a little flattened, and turned outwards. The 
young shell resembles /. Cypria. 


Ancon, Peru; figured from a very fine specimen in Mr. Cum- 
ing’s collection. 


55. Venus piscrepans (pl. clv. f. 65), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. 1835. p. 22. 


“V. testi ellipticd, crassi, albicante, fusco subradiatim picta ; 
latere antico breviore, subproducto, postico subdeclivi; marginibus 
depressis ; costis concentricis posticé lamellosis, medio obtusis, 
latiusculis, anticé sublamellosis; umbonibus subprominentibus ; 
margine ventrali rotundato, intus denticulato.” 

“The blunt, rather broad, concentric ribs of the middle part 
of each valve are speckled with brown on their upper surfaces, 
and delicately crenulated on their ventral margins.” At the sides 
they are terminated in lamin. 

Islay, Peru. Cuming. 


56. Venus Cyprta (pl. clvu. f. 113), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 
1852, p. 43. 


“V. test’ oblong’, subtrigond, concentricé lamellosd, lamellis 
crassis, obtusis, posticé tenuioribus, subappressis, alba, fusco-ra- 
diaté ; lined dorsali rectiuscula, declivi; area postica lata, fuscata ; 
impressione cordiformi antici conspicua, fuscd; margine ventrali 
intus integerrimo.” 

Smaller and more triangular than /. Paphia, with the ribs 
more elevated, and, instead of being suddenly interrupted, become 
gradually laminar and turned outwards. 

Island of Plata, West Columbia. Cuming. 


57. Venus rascrata (pl. clvi. f. 114, 115), Donovan, t. 
170. Chemn. f. 277-8. V. Brogniarti, Payr. Moll. Corse, p. 51. 
pl. 1. f. 23, 24, 25. An var.? V. decipiens, Hanley, Sp. of Shells, 
App. Wood’s Suppl. pl. 16. f. 22. 


V. testa elevata, subtrigond, crass’, compress&, albé vel fulva, 
rubro vel fusco radiatim fasciata, concentricé costaté ; costis cras- 
sis, inequalibus, rotundato-planulatis, prope umbones lamellatis ; 
are dorsali planulatim excavati, sparsi; lunuld paululum rece- 
dente, indistinct’; margine interno minutissimé crenulato. 

The thick, broad, and rather flattened concentric ribs of this 
flattish, trigonal shell, are rather more laminated at the sides and 
near the umboes than in the centre. In the variety named /. de- 
cipiens a few of the lamin are more produced at the sides. 

British and Mediterranean seas. 


723 


58. Venus varicosa (pl. elv. f. 67), Sowerby, gun. 


V. testa V. fasciate simili, sed magis elongata; costis concen- 
tricis, paucis, tumidis, ante angulum posticum terminatis. 

A very awkward shell, which may either be a distinct species, 
or an abnormal form of /. fasciata, or even V. Paphia ; like the 
latter, the varices are suddenly interrupted before reaching the 
posterior angle; like the former, they terminate without forming a 
laminar lobe; they are very much swelled, and the shell is more 
produced posteriorly than /. fasciata. 

Gulf of Mexico. In Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


59. Venus pyseERa (pl. clvii. f. 119), Chemn. f. 291-2. Linn. 
p. 1130. 


V. rotundata, ventricosd, solidd, alba, lamellis erectis eequidis- 
tantibus angustis posticé subflexuosis anticé unilobatis cincta ; 
latere postico vix truncato; margine dorsali arcuato; are’ acuté 
excavata, planulata ; latere antico brevi; lunuld convexé ; margine 
interno crenulato. 

White, more rounded than /. fasciata, with the concentric la- 
mine distant, narrow, terminating anteriorly in a partly separated 
lobe, and posteriorly in a slight flexuosity. The dorsal area is 
deeply and sharply excavated. 

Sidney. Jukes. 


60. Venus roporata (pl. clvii. f. 116, 117, 118), Hanley. 
V. placida, Philippi, Abbild. t. 2. f. 2. 


V. testa rotundataé, alba, nonnunquam pallide radiata, solida ; 
lamellis rotundatis, elevatis, reflexis, posticé angulatis, anticé uni- 
lobatis; latere postico subtruncato; ared dorsali planulatim ex- 
cavati; latere antico unilobato; lunuld laminataé, impressi ; um- 
bonibus flavidis. 

In V. Dysera the interstices are equal to four ribs, while in this 
species the ribs are rather broader than the interstices. 

Van Diemen’s Land. 


61. Venus tiara (pl. clvii. f. 125-130), Diddwyn, p. 162. 
Chemn. £. 279, 280. V. foliacea, Philippi, Abbild. t. 5. f. 1. 


V. testé obliqué subrotundata, rubro vel fusco radiatim picta ; 
lamellis concentricis, reflexis, extantibus, latis, posticé angulatim 
productis et bilobatis, anticé angulatim productis, ad lunulam 
elevatis ; ared dorsali planatim subexcavati; lunulé parva, lamel- 
lata, impressi ; margine interno crenulato. 


124 


The concentric laminze vary in number and in the degree in 
which the two posterior lobes are produced; at the anterior side 
they are slightly lobed and raised upwards, so as to be quite con- 
tiguous to the edge of the small lunule. 

Philippines. Cuming. 


62. Venus Berryt (pl. elx. f. 170-173), Gray, in W.S. t. 2. 
f.2. Var. V. gravescens, Menke, Philippi, Abbild. pl. 5. f. 2. 


V. testa obliqué ovali, subtrigona, albo-grisescente nonnunquam 
fusco fasciatim radiata, intus posticé violaced, laminis erectiuscu- 
lis posticé subquadratis anticé sublobatis versus marginem ventra- 
lem magis frequentibus concentricé cincté ; latere postico produc- 
to, subacuminato ; ared dorsali elongata, arcuatd, planulatim ex- 
cavata ; latere antico brevissimo; umbonibus depressis; lunula 
ovali, impressé; margine intus crenulato. 

More oblique than any of the preceding species of the same 
group. ‘The concentric laminz increase in number towards the 
ventral margin, at the same time decreasing in developement ; 
the dorsal area is large, and arched; the anterior side of the shell 
very short, with the umboes curved downwards. In the variety 
named V. gravescens by Philippi, the lunule is dark brown, and 
the laminze in front more distinctly lobed and angular. 

China. 


63. Venus axa (pl. clvii. f. 131, 132, 133), Sowerby, yun. 


V. testa obliqué subtrigona, alta, albo-grisescente, nonnunquam 
fusco radiata, mtus posticé violaced; lamellis concentricis sub- 
reflexis, acutis, posticé subangulatis et bilobatis, anticé vix ele- 
vatis, angulatim lobatis; ared dorsali lata, planulatim excavata ; 
latere antico brevi, valde declivi, ter lunulam et laminas pland ; 
margine interno crenulato. 

More triangular than /. ¢iiara, the lamine less reflected and 
less produced, not so much raised in front, and leaving a space 
between their terminations and the lunule. The dorsal margin is 
less curved and broader. ‘This latter difference between the 
species is the one to be relied on; without it I should not have 
thought it right to separate them, seeing the changeable character 
of both species in other respects. 

Philippines. Cuming. 


64. Venus catopuya (pl. clx. f. 176), Hanley, Recent 
Shells, Appendix, Suppl. pl. 16. f. 26. V. thiara, Deddwyn, Reeve, 
Conch. Syst. 


725 


V. testa ovata, pallidissimé fulva, subcompressd, laminis latis 
pallidé coloratis extantibus utrinque ad latera interruptis tum uni- 
lobatis cinctd ; latere postico producto, obliqué subtruncato, mar- 
gine dorsali planulatim excavato ; latere antico brevi; lunula le- 
vigati, impress. 

The broad concentric lamine are interrupted for a space, and 
then terminate in a broad square lobe at each side. The form 1s 
rather flat and oval. 


65. Venus Cuminei (pl. clvu. f. 122), Sowerby, jun. 


V. testa rotundata, ventricosd, albd, laminis latis crenulatis 
pallidé rufo-strigatis tenuibus utrinque ad latera interruptis tum 
unilobatis cincti; latere postico subtruncato; margine dorsali 
planulatim excavato, breviusculo ; latere antico brevi; lunula levi- 
gata, impressd ; margine intus minuté crenulato. 

Rounder and shorter than /’. calophyla, with the lamine inter- 
rupted and lobed in the same manner. ‘They are prettily wrinkled 
and coloured with light pink rays. 

Specimen in Mr. Cuming’s collection from Port Jackson. Jukes. 


66. Venus piicata (pl. clx. f. 174), Gmelin, 3276. 


V. test compresso, subcordata, alba, pallidé fulva, partim ru- 
bro tinct, posticé subquadrata, anticé brevi; laminis concentricis 
elevatis, tenuibus, anticé inequaliter expansis, posticé angulatim 
bilobatis et productis ; margine dorsali arcuato, planulato ; lunula 
levi, impress&; margine intus crenulato. 

The shell is of a flattish-cordate form, rather square at the back, 
and the lamine very deep, unequally expanded at the anterior 
side, and posteriorly produced into two rather tortuous, squarish, 
elevated, distant lobes. 

West Africa. 


67. VENUS LAMELLATA (pl. clx. f.175), Lamarck, Anim. sans 
vert. Venus, no. 28. 


V. testé oblongo-subquadrata, compressa, pallidé fulva, partim 
rubro tincté; laminis elevatis, concentricis, subtus striatis, ad mar- 
gines subreflexis, inzequaliter lobatis, posticé quadratis, productis, 
bilobatis; latere postico angulato, truncato; margine dorsali la- 
minato, planato; lunulé laminat’é; margine interno minutissimé 
crenulato. 


726 


This beautifully foliated Venus has the lamine deeply striated 
on the under side, irregularly fringed at the edge, and coiled over ; 
at the back they are angulated, and produced into two hollow 
lobes. The crenulation of the margin is almost imperceptible. 


New Holland. 
68. Venus Yaret (pl. clv. f. 68), Gray, Yates, New Zealand. 


V. testa ovali-subcordata, pallidé fulva, posticé subquadrata, an- 
gulata, anticé brevi; laminis concentricis tenuibus, angulatim la- 
queatis, medio et prope umbones subobsoletis; margine dorsali 
laminatim striato, plano; lunuld impress; margine ventrali intus 
minuté crenulato. 

Of a more oblong oval than /. plicata, with an obtuse angle 
and quadrate form at the back. The concentric laminze are more 
produced at the sides, particularly at the back of the shell, and 
angularly fluted. 

New Zealand. 


69. Venus casina (pl. clx. f. 177-180), Linn. Syst. Nat. 
p- 1130. Pectunculus membranaceus, Da Costa. Venus reflexa, 
Montague. Venus lactea, Donovan. Venus discina, Lamarck. 
Test. jun. Venus Rusterucci, Payraudeau. 


V. testa rotundata, solida, posticé subtruncatd, pallidé fulva, 
immaculaté vel maculis fuscis suffusis radiatim picta, radiatim 
minutissimé striaté, concentricé rugoso-lamellatd; laminis reflexis, 
crassis, ineequalibus, posticé magis extantibus; margine dorsali 
planulatim subexcavato, paululum arcuato ; lunula striata, impres- 
si; margine ventrali intus crenulato. 

The laminee are very irregular, closely reflected and thickened 
the greater part of their length, but more open at the back of the 
shell, which is more distinctly truncated. ‘The species also varies 
from being nearly flat, to attaining a thickness almost equal to 
its length. 

British, Scandinavian, and Mediterranean seas. The specimens 
fig. 178, 180 are from Senegal. 


70. Venus rosatina (pl. clx. f. 181), Rang, Hanley, Sp. of 
Shells, App. Wood’s Index, Suppl. pl. 15. f. 56. 


V. testa ovali-subcordata, solida, pallidé fulva, fusco irregulariter 
subradiatim maculata, concentricé costellata; costellis rotundatis, 
crebris, ad latera subundulatim interruptis, posticé rard in lobum 


127 


laminatum productis; margine dorsali planulatim excavato; Llu- 
nula fusca, substriaté ; margine ventrali intus crenulato. 

This shell has much the general appearance of V. cassina, of 
which it may, after all, be only an abnormal form; the concentric 
ribs however are all closely decumbent and rounded, excepting 
at the sides, where they are irregularly interrupted and some of 
them thickened; at the back some of them are produced into 
thick laminated lobes. 

Senegal. 


71. Venus verrucosa (pl. clx. f. 182, 183), Linnaeus, 
Syst. Nat. 12th edit. p. 1130. Venus erycina, Pennant.  Pec- 
tunculus strigosa, Da Costa. Test. jun. V. cancellata, Donovan. 
V. Lemanii, Payraudeau, Moll. Corse. 


V. testa obliqué rotundatd, alb& vel pallidé fulva, fusco lite- 
rat; laminis concentricis duplicatis, rugosis, ad latera divaricatim 
tuberculatis ; latere postico declivi ; margine dorsali excavato, valve 
sinistree levigato; latere antico brevi; margine ventrali elevato, 
intus crenulato ; lunula striata, impressa. 

A series of diverging channels at the sides of the shell separate 
the rough duplicate concentric laminee into wart-like tubercles, 
and thus distinguish the species from /’. cassina and others of the 
same group. 

British and Mediterranean seas, and Senegal. 


72. Venus cor (pl. clx. f. 184), Sowerby, yun. 


V. testé ventricosissimé, rotundaté, albidé, epidermide tenu1 
fulva induta, liris numerosis irregularibus subundulatis rotun- 
datis cincti; latere postico magno; margine dorsali elevato ; 
ared depressd, striata; latere antico parvo, brevi, angusto, prope 
umbones concavo; lunulé distincté nullé ; margine ventrali intus 
leevigato. 

I name this species from its remarkable resemblance to the 
Isocardia of the same name; the hinder side being very large and 
inflated, the front small and hollow near the umboes; the con- 
centric riblets are numerous and small, rather irregular and undu- 
lating ; dorsal margin simple, depressed ; lunule not defined ; inner 
Inargin smooth. 

The unique specimen is Mr. Cuming’s, from Kurachee, mouth 


of the Indus. 


73. Venus acrustis (pl. clvi. f. 75, 76, copied), Philippi, 
Abbild. t. 4. f. 2. 


5B 


“V. testi cordato-orbiculari, tumida, solida, alba, sulcis incre- 
menti irregularibus, subscalari, radiatim striata; lunula laté cor- 
data; ared “nullé ; margine crenulato.”’ 

I copy the figure and description of this singular-looking shell, 
which is white, very globose, rather square, radiately striated, and 
with the umbo leaning very much to the front. 

Strait of Magellan. 


74. Vunus rugosa (pl. clx. f. 185, 186), Gmelin, 3276. 
V.nigida, Dillwyn ; Chemn. f. 303. Test. jun. V. cincta, Chemn. 
f. 387. 


V. testi rotundati, ventricosissim4, costellis concentricis lami- 
natis obtusis margine reflexis subtus duplicatis interstriatis cincta, 
pallidé fulva, rufo-maculataé; margine dorsali arcuato, angustato, 
excavato, valvee sinistree plano, dextree laminato ; lunulé profunda, 
cordiformi; latere antico brevi, rotundato, margine elevato, intus 
margine ventrali crenulato. 

A very veutricose shell, with the laminee smooth and continu- 
ous; under each one there is generally a small secondary riblet, 
giving the appearance, in specimens where the edges have been 
rubbed off, of duplicate ribs. The dorsal margin presents a dif- 
ference between the two valves, one being smooth, the other la- 
minated. 


West Indies. 


75. Vunus cresrisutca (pl. clx. f. 187, 188, 189), La- 
marck, Anim. sans vert. Venus, no. 10. 


V. testa rotundata, ventricosissima, costellis concentricis inter- 
striatis omnino (ad latera pracipue) crenulatis cincta, alba, fusco 
nigro et rubro radiatim variegaté; area dorsali angusta, valvee 
ene rubro vel fulvo, ee drier nigro aeerarinal: lunuld 
cordiformi, impress{, punctis aspersa. 

This beautifully variegated shell resembles VY. rugosa in form, 
but the riblets are crenulated, particularly at the sides, and per- 
haps never laminated. ‘The dorsal area is narrow, presenting a 
difference in the two valves in colour, one having black spots, 
the other bright pmk or brown. I must admit the uncertainty 
of identification in respect of this species, which is only 
adopted “fuute de mieuz,” in order to avoid having to coin a 
new name. 

Mr. Cuming’s specimens are from the island of Luzon, Phi- 
lippines. 


729 


76. Venus tyra (pl. cla. f. 192), Manley, Sp. of She ls, 
Wood’s Index, Suppl. pl. 16. f. 21. 


V. testa ovali, ventricosd, albidi, purpureo vel fulvo nebulosim 
variegatd, costellis numerosis obtusis ad latera laminatis et striis 
elevatis intermediis cincti; latere postico longiusculo, subtrun- 
cato; margine dorsali lato, excavato, valvee sinistre plano, dextrae 
laminato ; lunuld cordiformi, striaté; margine ventrali, intus cre- 
nulato. 

Rather smaller and more oval than either of the preceding, and 
slightly truncated at the back. The riblets are numerous, blunt- 

edged in the middle, sharper and laminated at the sides. In Mr, 
Hanley’ s specimen, from the Gulf of Guinea, the surface is beau- 
tifully clouded and spotted with purple. The dorsal area of the 
right valve is laminated. ‘The specimen figured is Mr. Cuming’s, 
from West Africa. 


77. Venus crenucata (pl. clxi. f. 190), Chemnitz, f. 385. 
Lamarck, Venus, no. 5. V.crenata, Gel. 


V. testa cordiformi, subovali, ventricosi, posticé acuminata, an- 
ticé rotundata, breviuscula, alba, fulvo nebulata, laminis concen- 
tricis crebris elevatis medio obtusis ad latera laminatis crenulatis 
fimbriatis subtus radiatim costelliferis cimcta; latere postico sub- 
truncato, subangulato; margine dorsali excavato, declivi, fusco- 
maculato, valvee sinistre plano, dextre laminato; margine interno 
crenulato ; ; lunula oblonga, cordiformi, fusca, Beiveeie 

The strong rib-like crenulations visible on the underside of the 
concentric lamine give the appearance of radiating riblets on the 
body of the shell, which is, in fact, smooth between them. The 

-laminee are blunt in the middle, and sharp, and fringed at the 
sides of the shell. 

West Indies. 


78. Vunus crncutata (pl. clxi. f. 191), Lamarck, Anim. sans 
vert. Venus, no. 17. V. pulicaria, Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, 
p. 44, 


V. testa cordiformi, subovali, ventricos4, posticé et anticé sub- 
acuminata, pallidé fulva, fusco lineis angularibus pict, costellis 
concentricis medio subobsoletis ad latera laminatis subtus creni- 
feris cincta; latere antico breviusculo, declivi; lunuld fused, le- 
vigati, magni; latere postico subacuminata; margine dorsali 
declivi, lato, excavato, fusco conspicué maculato; margine ven- 
trali intus crenulato. 


730 


The concentric ribs of this species are more obtuse, less elevated, 
and less strongly crenulated than those of /. crenulata ; anil 
the general form is more elevated, the sides more sloping, and 
the terminations more peared The lunule is smooth and 
large. 

West Columbia. Cuming. 


79. Vunus GaLLinuta (pl. clxi. f. 225, 226), Lamarck, 
Anim. sans vert.; Delessert, t. 10. f. 3. V.costulata, Wood’s Sup- 
plement, t. 2. f. 15. 


V. testi oblong’, ventricosi, posticé subangulaté, subtruncatd, 
anticé breviusculé, quadratim subrotundata, albidd, fusco angula- 
tim lineaté, intus violaced, costellis prominulis subtus crenulatis 
laminatis cincté; margine ‘dorsali paululum declivi, subdepresso ; 
lunula parva, striata, ovali; margine intus crenulato. 

Although similar in the cies of the ribs, this shell differs 
widely from /’. crenulata, being of a more oblong, truncated form, 
having the dorsal area less distinct, and the lunule small. 


New Holland. 


80. Venus roveorata (pl. cliv. f. 46), Sowerby, jun. 


V. testa lenticulari, compressiuscula, alba, posticé fulvo pallide 
tinctd, laminis concentricis numerosis acutis cincta ; margine dor- 
sali profund’ excavato, subplanulato ; lunulaé magna, cordiformi, 
impressd, substriaté; margine interno crenulato, 

Of a lenticular form, white, with a shade of pinkish-brown at 
the back; the laminz are very numerous and sharp-edged ; the 
dorsal area forms a deep, elongated, smooth-sided pit, from which 
I name the species ; the lunule is large ; inner margin crenulated. 

Martinique. 


81. Venus pecrivis (pl. elvii. f. 128, 124), Sowerby, jun. 


V. testa ovali, subcordata, albidé, immaculaté vel pallidé viola- 
ceo literati, intus pallidé rosea, laminis concentricis distantibus pro- 
minulis et stris intermediis elevatis cinctéi; latere postico sub- 
acuminato, declivi; margine dorsali planulatim excavato, irregu- 
lariter et sparsim lmeato; lunula impress, cordiformi; margine 
interno crenulato. 

Rather small; tending to heart-shaped oval, girt with elevated, 
sharp, distant laminz and intermediate raised striz ; dorsal edge 
sloping, smooth, deeply excavated, and sparingly lineated, even 
when the shell is otherwise white. The purple-marked variety 
slightly differs in appearance from the others in the rather less 


731 


prominence of the lamina, but not sufficiently so to justify se- 
paration. Both the varieties figured are in Mr, Cuming’s collec- 
tion. Mr. Adams’s /. elegans is more elongated. 

Eastern Seas. 


82. Venus evneans (pl. clvii. f. 188), Adams, Moll. Sama- 
rang, p. 79. pl. 24. f. 13. 


V. testa V.dechivi simili, sed magis quadrat&é; laminis concen- 
tricis alternatim elevatis. 

Of a more quadrate and elongated form than /. declivis, with 
the ribs alternately more produced, the end slightly truncated. 
We copy the figure. The shell is from some of the East Indian 
Islands. 


83. Venus exaupipa (pl. clxi. f. 193), Chemnitz, Conch. 
f. 1974; Lamarck, Venus, no. 29. 


V. testi sordidé alba, ovali-subquadrata, magna, strtis elevatis 
ineequalibus numerosis ad latera sublaminatis cincti; latere pos- 
tico oblongo, subangulato, subtruncato; margine dorsali subar- 
cuato, laminato, planulatim depresso ; latere antico subrotundato, 
brevi, superné declivi; lunula elongata, striaté ; margine interno 
levi. 

A large, rather flat, oblong shell, with raised concentric strie, 
of very unequal growth and development. 

Strait of Magellan. 


84. Venus LenticuLaRis (pl. clxi. f. 194), Sowerby, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 42. 


“V. testa lenticulari-subtrapeziformi, crassi, opacd, pallida, 
levi, lineis concentricis anticé posticéque distinctis, medio ob- 
soletis, prope umbonem elevatiusculis ; margine dorsali subrotun- 
dato, posticé subangulato ; impressione cordiformi elongata, parva, 
impressa, intus albidi; margine ventrali levi.” 

Shaped like an Artemis, and nearly smooth, but with the teeth 
and muscular impressions more like the generality of species of 
Venus ; dorsal margin depressed; lunule long, rather hollow ; 
ventral margin smooth within. 

Valparaiso Bay; in coarse sand at low water. Cuming. 


85. VENUS QUADRANGULARIS (pl. clxi. f. 196), Adams, Voy. 
Samarang, Moll. p. 79. pl. 24. f. 7. 


“V. testa quadrato-ovata, subcompressa, crassiusculé, concen- 
tricé tenuiter et irregulariter striata, pallidé straminea, nitida ; 


umbonibus roseis; latere antico brevi, postico multo longiore ; 
lunulé parum distinct.” 

A companion to V. denticularis, but much thicker and more 
square. Of a light shining straw- colour. 

Corean Archipelago. 


86. Venus oBtonea (pl. clxi. f. 197, 198), Gray, Yates’s 
New Zealand. 


V. testi ovali, ventricosi, ferrugined vel alba, intus alba, cos- 
tellis concentricis numerosis obtusé et interruptim lamellosis non- 
nullis subundulatim divaricatis cincté; latere postico elongato, 
rotundato; margine dorsali paululum declivi, simplici; latere an- 
tico brevi; lunulé plend, striati; margine ventrali intus crenu- 
lato. 

Of an oblong-oval, full form; the concentric ridges are thick, 
square, rather undulated, some of them interrupted and diverging 
near the sides, with interstices two or three times their breadth ; 
dorsal margin rounded, simple. ‘The anterior side is short, with 
laminated lunule; inner margin crenulated. 


New Zealand. 


87. VENUS ALBO-RADIATA (pl. clx1. f. 199), Sowerdy, jun. 


V. testa ovata, ventricosi, fulva grisescente albo biradiata, cos- 
tellis concentricis numerosis levibus integris ad latera et prope 
marginem erecto-laminatis prope marginem ventralem crebrius- 
culis depressis obtusis cincta ; latere postico elongato, ad terminum 
obtusé triangulato; margine dorsali striato, subangulatim de- 
presso, subarcuato ; latere antico brevi, rotundatim elevato ; lu- 
nula fusca, striati; margine ventrali intus crenulato. 

In shape and sculpture resembling /’. oblonga, but the concen- 
tric laminze smoother, and becoming 1 more close and rounded near 
the ventral margin ; the hinder side has three obscure angles at 
the extremity, and the dorsal margin is angularly depressed. The 
lunule is dark brown. 

Gulf of Mexico. In Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


88. Venus ALBINA (pl. clxi. f. 201), Sowerbu, jun. 


V. testa alba, V. albo-radiate simi, sed antic longiuscula, 
margine magis excavata; lunuld fusca, subexcavata ; laminis con- 
centricis prope marginem ventralem numerosissimis. 

In V. albo-radiata the concentric ribs become closer, broader, 


733 


and more flattened towards the ventral margin; in this species 
they become more numerous and close, but lose none of their 
sharpness; the outline of the anterior side in this species is more 
hollowed out at the lunule, which is rather excavated and dark 
brown. 

China. In Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


89. VENUS PR&PAREA (pl. clxi. f. 200), Say, An. Sc. Nat. 
vol. i. p. 271. V. calcarea, Philipm, Abbild. Venus, t. 3. f. 1. 
V. Mortoni, Conrad ? 


“V. testa ovato-orbiculari, alba, opaca, veluti calcared, cingulis 
transversis lamellosis parum elevatis distantibus demum evanescen- 
tibus sculpta ; ared lanceolata, planata, levi; lunulaé cordata, lined 
profunda cincti, compressa, striatéi; margine subintegerrimo.” 

Of an ovate, rather compressed form, of a greyish or chalky 
whiteness, the back rather truncated; in the upper half of the 
shell the concentric laminz are distant, entire, and sharply lami- 
nated, but near the margin, in the centre, are pressed down and 
broad. 

North America. 


90. VENUS TENUILAMELLATA (pl. clxi. f. 195), Sowerby, yun. 


V. test& alba’, ovali, subventricos4, lamellis tenuibus erectis dis- 
tantibus eequalibus cincti; latere antico brevi, margine superiore 
et lunuld excavatis; umbonibus prominulis; latere postico ob- 
longo, subtruncato ; margine dorsali simplici, depresso; margine 
ventrali intus leevigato. 

This shell is quite distinct from V. Mortoni, which it resembles 
in general appearance; it has the concentric lamine equal and 
equidistant throughout, and the inner margin smooth. Only one 
specimen has been found. 

Valparaiso; dredged by Mr. Cuming in sandy mud at twenty 
fathoms. 


91. Venus mercenaria (pl. clxu. f. 204, 205, 206), Lin- 
neus, Syst. Nat. 12th edit. p. 1131. Test. jun. V. notata, Say, 
Journ. An. Nat. Sc. Phil. vol. vi. p. 271. V. obliqua e¢ V. cy- 
prinoides, Anton. 


V. testi cordata, ovata, crassi, obliqua, prope umbones et ad 
latera striis elevatis concentricis subeequalibus distantibus cincta, 
in medio plana, «tate ferrugined, concolore, intus posticé violacea ; 
test. jun. albidaé, fusco-maculati, posticé fusca, intus alba, latere 


734 


antico brevi; lunula cordata, striata, impressi; latere postico 
obliqué declivi, subangnlato; margine dorsali maculato, angula- 
tim depresso. 

From a great number of specimens in various stages I am led, 
notwithstanding the absence of interior purple, the less obliquity, 
and the variegated markings of V. xotata of American authors, 
to consider it as merely the young state, or, at most, a local 
variety of V. mercenaria. 

North America. 


92. VENus striATULA (pl. clvii. f. 134, 135, 136), Da Costa 
(Pectunculus), Brit. Conch. p. 191. pl. 12. f.2; Donovan (Venus). 
Venus gallina, duct. Brit., non Linn. V.Pennantii, Morbes. V. 
laminosa, Zurt. V. rugosa, Pennant. V. Prideauxiana, Couch. 
V. sulcata, V. costata, Brown. 


V. testa ovali-subcordata, subcompressi, pallidé fulva, rufo vel 
fusco-radiatim fasciaté et mimuté maculata, costellis numerosis 
medio rotundatis ad latera laminatis cinctdi; latere antico brevius- 
culo, subacuminato, superné declivi; lunula substriatd, planulatim 
depress’ ; latere postico producto, subacuminato; margine dorsali 
striato, rufo minute maculato, declivi, planulatim depresso; mar- 
gine ventrali subrotundato, intus crenulato. 

A rather small, oval shell, rather acuminated at each end, and 
shorter in front than behind; the riblets are small and numerous, 
rounded in the middle, and laminated at the sides; it is generally 
of a light brown or whitish colour, rayed and sprinkled with small 
reddish spots, particularly on the dorsal area, which is sloping and 
flattened. 

British Seas. 


93. Venus GALLINa (pl. clxi. f. 202, 203), Linneus, Syst. 
Nat. 12th edit. p. 1181. 


V. testa cordaté, obliqué subtrigond, albi vel fulva, punctis 
fuscis aspersi et plerumque fasciati, imtus posticé violaced, cos- 
tellis levibus subplanulatis irregulariter undulatis et interruptis 
posticé tenuioribus cincté; latere antico breviusculo, subacumi- 
nato, superné declivi; umbonibus elevatis ; latere postico subro- 
tundato ; margine dorsali striato, depresso, asperso ; margine ven- 
trali rotundato, intus crenulato. 

A broader and more elevated shell than /. striatula, more 
rounded at the sides and ventral margin; the ribs broader and 
more flattened in the centre, and irregularly interrupted and un- 


735 


dulated near the sides, becoming very fine and narrow near the 
posterior margin. 
Mediterranean. 


94. Vunus striata (pl. clxi. f. 207-218), Chemn., Conch. 
f. 364, 365, 366.  V. tristis, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. Venus, 
no. 78. V. aurisiaca, Wood’s Suppl. pl. 2. f. 12. Var. (f. 208), 
V. Japonica, Gmel., p. 3270. V. elegantina, Lamarck, no. 83. 


V. testa ovali-subcordata, aurantid, grisea vel albA, immaculatd — 
vel maculis griseis angulatim et radiatim picté, intus nonnun- 
quam aurantid; costellis levigatis, numerosis, rotundatis, prope 
latera subundatis cinctd; latere postico subelongato, subangulato, 
vix truncato, acuminato; margine dorsali levigato, plerumque 
livido, literato; latere antico breviusculo, subrotundato; lunula 
oblonga, polité, lividA; margine ventrali prope medium inflato, 
intus levigato. 

At first sight it would appear an easy matter to separate two 
shells so seemingly distinct as the extreme varieties represented 
by f. 207 (V. tristis and V. striata), and f. 208 (V. Japonica and 
V. elegantina) ; but it happens very perplexingly, that we have 
specimens partaking the characters of both in every point of dif- 
ference. Although the varieties differ in height, in fulness, in 
the degree of posterior angularity, and in colour, they agree m 
having numerous, slightly irregular, not perfectly concentric ribs, 
the ventral margin swelled and smooth within, and the dorsal area 
and lunule oblong and shining. The var. named ¢vistis has an 
orange tint within. ‘The pretty little variety /. awriscaca is from 
Mr. Hanley’s collection. 


The species ranges from Japan to the Philippines and New 
Holland. 


95. Venus Lazuana (pl. elxu. f. 214), ddams, Moll. Sama- 
rang, p. 79. pl. xx.f, 16. 


“V. testa subtriangulari, gibbosd, anticé truncata, posticé 
flexuosa, acuminato-rostrata, albida, lineis nigricantibus acuté an- 
gulatis ornati, concentricé valde sulcaté; sulcis irregularibus ; 
margine ventrali posticé sinuato.” 

Not very widely different from the more acuminated varieties 
of V. striata, but much more produced and decidedly beaked, 
more concentrically and regularly sulcated, more full and rounded 


in front. It is elegantly marked with fluctuating grey lines. 
Labuan. Adams. 


5c 


736 


96. Venus scaLarIna (pl. clxu. f. 215-220), Lamarck, 
Anim. sans vert., Venus, no. 54. Var. V. conularis, Lamarck, 
no. 78? 


V. testa obliqué ovali, compressa, costis elevatis numerosis ad 
Jatera paucis lamelliformibus cincta, albidd, griseo punctatim lite- 
rata, vel rufa fusco lineatd, vel albi; intus frequenter posticé 
purpureo picti; latere postico obliqué producto, subacuminato ; 
latere antico brevi; lunula et area dorsali elongatis, planulatim de- 
pressis ; margine ventral levigato. 

Obliquely oval, rather flat, with elevated, Scalariform ribs, 
which are fewer in number, and more laminar and produced at the 
sides ; lunule and dorsal area both long and smooth, inner margin 
smooth. The typical colouring is by dull greyish spots in zigzag 
rows. In some varieties the ribs are nearly “obsolete in the middle 
of the shell. The three followimg species are nearly connected 
with this, and, it is just possible, may be only local or accidental 
variations. 

Australia. 


97. Vunus Prronti (pl. clxi. f. 224), Lamarck, Anim. sans 
vert. V. no. 81. 


V. testi VY. scalarine simili, sed magis ventricosi et oval ; 
costellis planulatis, ad latera subobsoletis. 
More full and oval than /. sca/arina, with the ribs flat in the 


middle, and nearly obsolete at the sides. 
Australia. 


98. Venus apHroprna (pl. clxu. f. 221), Lamarck, Anim. 
sans vert. V.no. 80. Var. V. aphrodinoides, Lamarch, V. no. 84. 


V. testa V. scalarine simili, sed haud tantum obliqua, semper 
concolori? costellis magis numerosis, medio depressiusculis, pos- 
ticé subobsoletis. 

The tendency of this species (if distinct) is to be less oblique 
than /’. scalarina, with the ribs smaller and more numerous, 
much depressed in the centre, and nearly obsolete at the hinder 
part. It is not so plump and rounded as /. Peroniz. 

Australia. 


99. Vunus srricosa (pl. clxu. f. 222, 223), Lamarck, Anim. 
sans vert. V. no. 79. 


V. testi V. aphrodine simili, sed costellis crenulatis. 


737 


In form more like V’. aphrodina than V. scalarina, but having 
the ribs crenulated by fine radiating strie. Lamarck has not 
mentioned the latter character, and perhaps did not observe it, 
but the fact of V. aphrodina not beng marked with the angular 
‘grey lines which characterize some specimens of our species, points 
to the probability of our identification being correct. 

Australia. 


100. Venus astartorpss (pl. clvin. f. 137), Philippi, —— ? 


V. test ovali-subtrigond, levi, alba, epidermide pallidé subviridi 
induta, concentricé leviter costellaté'; umbonibus corrosis; mar- 
gine dorsali et lunula declivibus, levibus ; latere postico subelon- 
gato, vix truncato. 

Rather trigonal, very smooth, colourless, and covered by a thin 
pale epidermis; the concentric mdges are very slightly raised. 
This shell has very much the appearance of an dAs¢arte, but is thin, 
and has a slight bend in the pallial impression. 

Greenland. 


101. Venus gemma (pl. clvii. f. 141), Zotéen, Silliman’s 
Journal, vol. 26. p. 367. 


V. test minutd, tenui, rotundato-subtrigond, subzquilatera, 
levi, posticé violacei; lunula et ared dorsali distinctis nullis; 
pallu impressiones sinu elongato, erecto, trigono. 

A minute, partly rounded, partly trigonal, nearly equilateral, 
smooth, purple-tinged, thin shell, with a remarkably erect, 
pointed sinus in the pallial impression. 


New York. 
102. Venus rumieata (pl. clix. f. 152-155), Sowerby, jun. 


V. testa levi, crass, obliqué subovali, anticé rotundata, plana, 
posticé subangulatim producta, subsulcaté, colore fumoso, prope 
umbones maculatim radiatéi; ared dorsali et lunula lividis, de- 
pressis, leevibus ; margine ventrali arcuato. 

Much shorter, more full than /. Kochiz, and not contracted or 
beaked behind; there are a few slight grooves on the posterior 
angle. The colour is dull smoky, with spotted rays near the um- 
boes. The fine specimen figured, half the natural size, is from the 
collection of Mr. Gaskoin. I regret being unable to find room in 
the plates to figure a very smoky variety of this, lately added to 
Mr. Cuming’s collection. 

Australia. Strange. 


738 


103. Venus Lavieara (pl. clix. f. 156, 157, 158), Sowerby, 
jun. 

V. testa V. /umigate simili, sed magis oblongé, haud posticé 
suleata. 

Very different in general form from V’. fumigata, being of a 
much more oblong oval, and also in not having the grooves on the 
posterior angle. In many respects however it closely resembles 
that species. 

Australia. Strange. 


104. Vunus vorrra (pl. clvii. f. 139, 140), Quoy, Voyage 
of Astrolabe, Moll. pl. 84. f. 13, 14. 


V. testa ovali, levigati, concentrice leviter costellaté, pallidé 
viridescente, prope marginem griseo-radiaté, intus flavidd, ad mar- 
ginem alba, cardine utrinque purpureo-immaculato. 

This species, the figure of which we copy, resembles /. fumigata, 
but differs in having slightly-raised concentric ridges. 

Locality —— ? 


105. Venus Kocuit (pl. elvii. f. 147-151), Phelippi, t. 1. 
f. 5. V. paupercula, Chemn., f. 1977? 


V. testa levi, crassi, variegati, subovali, anticé rotundata, ple- 
ni, posticé subangulata, producti, rostrata; ared dorsali et lunulé 
declivibus, lividis, levigatis, oblongis; margine ventrali posticé 
contracto. 

A smooth, thick, oval, variegated shell, rather rounded, and full 
in front, and produced behind into an angular beak, the ventral 
margin being slightly contracted near the angle. 

Mozambique. Zanzibar. 


106. Venus Arricana (pl. clix. f. 159-164), Mihl/feldt, 
Philippi, Abbild. t. 1. f. 6. 


V. “testi compressa, ovato-oblonga, ineequilater’, posticé sub- 
rostrata, levissima, albi, radiis latis lineisque fuscis pictaé; lunula 
parva, lanceolati, ared exquisite sulcata.” 

Very smooth, flat, elongated oval, the hinder side much the 
longer, with short sulci on a slight angle. The colouring of the 
species is beautifully varied. 


Cape of Good Hope. 


107. Venus unputosa (pl. clvin. f. 142-146), Lamarck, 
Anim. sans vert. no. 85. Venus variabilis, Sowerby, Pro. Zool. 


739 


Soc. 1835, p. 42. Hanley, Sp. of Shells, Wood’s Suppl. pl. 15. 
f. 49. 


V. testi oblongo-subtrigona, tenuisulcd, levi, polita, alba, stri- 
gilis lineisve angularibus fuscis varié picta, intus albi; margine 
integerrimo. 

Smooth, nearly trigonal, flat; the lunule long, not very dis- 
tinctly marked. Shell sometimes white, but generally marked 
with undulating and angular lines. The specimen with a few 
pink lines is Mr. Hanley’s, the others are Mr. Cuming’s. 

Australia. 


108. Venus ponactna (pl. clix. f. 165, 166, 167), Chemmn., 
Conch. f. 1988, 1984. Donax veneriformis, Lamarck, no. 10. 
Tank. Cat. V. semicancellata, Koch, Philippi, Abbild. t. 1. f. 
2, 3. 


V. testé crassi, compressa, trigond, fumoso-fulva, levigata, ob- 
scuré radiata et punctata, subsequilaterd ; latere postico angulato, 
radiatim striato, ad angulum subcancellato ; latere antico subtri- 
gono; lunula et ared dorsali impressis, indistinctis. 

Very thick, smooth, triangular, flattish, of a smoky-brown 
colour, and nearly equilateral; the hinder side is angulated and 
radiately grooved, and at the angle, particularly when young, has 
a few cross grooves. The variety is an abnormal form, and 
slightly resembles the one figured as V. semicancellata by Philippi. 

Japan. Dr, Sibbald. 


109. Venus mquitaTera (pl. clix. f. 168, 169), Sowerby 
(Donax), Tank. Cat. 


V. testa V. donacine simili, sed margine ventrali magis ar- 
cuato; latere postico vix angulato ; striis radiantibus nullis. 

More arched in the ventral outline, in the hinder slope, and 
altogether less angular, than V. donacina ; striated concentrically, 
but not cancellated at the hinder angle. 

Japan. Dr. Sibbald. 


740 


LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CLI. TO CLXIIL, AND THE 
SUPPLEMENTARY PLATE, CLXIII. 


Prats CLI. 
Fig. 
1, 2. V. puerpera, 1, Linn. 
3, 4. — lacerata, 3, Hanl. 
5. — magnifica, 2, Sowd., jun. 
6. — Chemnitzii, 6, Hani. 
7, 8. — Listeri, 5, Gray. 
9, 10. — multicostata, 7, Sowd. 
Puate CLITI. 
11-138. V. reticulata, 10, Linn. 
14. — costellata, 4, Sowd. 
15. — laqueata, 9, Sowd., jun. 
16. — nodulosa, 15, Sd., jun. 
17, 18. — simillima, 16, 80., jun. 
19. — monilifera, 11, 8d., jun. 
20, 21. — Lamarckii, 13, Gray. 
22. — undatella, 22, Sowd. 
23. — resticulata, 8, S6., jun. 
24. — ornatissima, 15, Brod. 
Prats CLIV. 
25. V. Gnidia, 17, Brod. 
26, 27. — Amathusia, 18, Phil. 
28-31. — cancellata, 19, Linn. 
32-34. — compta, 20, Brod. 
35-38. — subimbricata, 23, Sowd. 
39. — subrostrata, 21, Lamk. 
40, 41. — Californiensis, 24, Brod. 
42-43. — fluctifraga, 26, Sowd. 
44, 45. — callosa, 25, Conrad. 
46. — foveolata, 80, Sd., jun. 


(The Figure after each name is the number of the Species.) 


Fig. 
47-49 
50, 51 

52 
53, 54 
55, 56 
57, 58 
59, 60 

61 

62 

63 

64 


65. 


66 
67 
68 


69-72 
73, 74: 
715, 76 
tis 
79, 80 
81, 82 
83, 84 
85, 86 

87 
88-90 


91. 


92-98 


Puate CLV. 


. V. granulata, 27, Gel. 

. — Stutchburii, 28, Gray. 

. — histrionica, 32, Sowd. 

. — Columbiensis, 29, Sozwd. 
. — pectorina, 30, Lamk. 

. — asperrima, 31, Sowd. 

. — intersecta, 33, Sowd., jn. 
. — Paphia, 50, Linn. 

. — affinis, 51, ? 

. — subrugosa, 52, Sowd. 

. — Kellettii, 53, Hinds. 

— discrepans, 55, Sowd. 

. — Peruviana, 64, Sowd. 


. — varicosa, 58, Sowd., jun. 
. — Yatei, 68, Gray. 


Piate CLVI. 


. V. pygmeea, 12, Lamk-. 

. — crenifera, 34, Sowd. 

. — agrestis, 73, Phil. 

. — decorata, 35, Brod. 

. — Cochinensis, 27, Thorpe. 
. — imbricata, 36, Sowd., jn. 
. — squamosa, 38, Linn. 

. — flexuosa, 39, Linn. 

. — punctifera, 40, Gray. 

. — macrodon, 41, Lamk. 
— rostrata, 42, Sowb., jun. 
. — spurca, 49, Sowd. 


741 


Pratr CLVITI. 


Fig. 

99,100. V. ovata, 43, Penn. 
101, 102. — seabra, 45, Hani. 
103-105. — striatissima, 44, Sd.j2. 

106. — costellifera,46,4dams. 
107-110. — marica, 47, Linn. 
111, 112. — australis, 48, Sd., gun. 


113. — Cypria, 56, Sowd. 
114, 115. — fasciata, 57, Donov. 
116-118. — roborata, 60, Hanl. 

119. — Dysera, 59, Chemn. 

122. — Cumingi, 65, S., jn. 
123, 124. — declivis, 81, S4., jun. 


Prats CLVIII. 


125-1380. V. thiara, 61, Dillw. 
131-1383. — alta, 63, Sowd., jun. 
134-136. — striatula, 92, Costa. 
137. — astartoides, 100, Phil. 
138. — elegans, 82, ddams. 
139, 140. — polita, 104, Quoy. 
141. — gemma, 101, Totten. 
142-146. — undulosa, 107, Lamk. 
147-151. — Kochi, 105, Phil. 


Puate CLIX. 


152-155. V. fumigata, 102, 8d., jn. 
156-158. — levigata, 103, Sd., jn. 
159-164. — Africana, 106, ALih/f. 
165-167. — donacina, 108, Chem. 
168, 169. — equilatera, 109, Sows. 


Puate CLX. 


170-173. V. Berryi, 62, Gray. 
174. — plicata, 66, Gmed. 
175. — lamellata, 67, Lamh. 
176. — calophyla, 64, Hand. 

177-180. — casina, 69, Linn. 


Fig. 
181. V. rosalina, 70, Rang. 
182, 183. — verrucosa, 71, Linn. 


184. — cor, 72, Sowd., jun. 
185, 186. — rugosa, 74, Gmel. 
Priare CLXI. 
187-189. V. crebrisulea, 75, Lamk. 
190. — crenulata, 77, Chemn. 
191. — cingulata, 78, Lamk. 
192. — lyra, 76, Hani. 
193. — exalbida, 83, Chemn. 
194. — lenticularis, 84, Sowdé. 
195. — tenuilamellata, 90,5,. 
196. — quadrangulus, 85, Ad. 
197, 198. — oblonga, 86, Gray. 
199. — albo-radiata, S0., jun. 
200. — preeparea, 89, Say. 
201. — albina, 81, S0., jun. 
202, 203. — gallina, 98, Linn. 


Prats CLXII. 
204-206. V. mercenaria, 91, Linn. 
207-213. — striata, 94, Chemn. 

214. — Labuana, 95, Adams. 
215-220. — Scalarina, 96, Lamk. 

221. — aphrodina, 98, Lamk. 
222, 223. — strigosa, 99, Lamk. 

224. — Peronii, 97, Lamk. 
225, 226. — gallinula, 79, Lamh. 


Puate CLXIUII. 
(Supplementary descriptions following.) 
MEROE. 

16. M. excavata, 5, Hani. 


17. — menstrualis, 8, Menke. 
18, 19. — Solandri, 7, Gray. 


CYTHERMA. 
202. C. pannosa, 82, Sowd. 


742 


Fig. Fig. 
204. C. consanguinea, 119, CIRCE. 
C. B. Adams. 53, 54. C. dispar, 5, Chemn. 
204. — umbonella, 37, Lamh. 55-58. — minima, 16, Mont. 
205. — rutila, 116, Swd. jun. TAPES. 
206, 207. — Philippinarum, 52, 158. T. sulcosa, 1, Phil. 
Hanley. 159. — Dombeyi, 62, Lamk. 
208, 209. — disrupta, 117, Sd. jn. 160. — Merozformis, 75, 8.7. 
210. — innocéns, 118, Sd. jn. | 161, 162. — expallescens, 73, Phil. 
211. — iridescens, 120, Sd. jn. 163. — fluctuosa, 74, Gould. 


SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES AND 
VARIETIES OF VENERIDA. 


Genus MEROK, from page 611, pl. exxvi. 


Sp. 5. M. excavata (f. 18, 14; var. pl. clxin. f. 16). Va- 
riety and synonym omitted.—Cytherea vaginalis, Menke, Phil. 
Abbild. t. 3. £ 2. 

Sp. 7. M. Sozanprr (f. 10; var. pl. clxii. f. 18,19). Va- 
rieties and synonyms omitted.—Cytherea hians, Wood’s Supple- 
ment, pl. 2.1, LI. 


Sp. 8. M. mensrruatis (pl. clxin. f. 17), Menke, Phil. Ab- 
bild. Cyth. t. 3. £. 3. 


“M. testé suborbiculaté, convexiusculd, anterius compressa, 
longitudinaliter leviter striaté, obsoleté decussati, livido-fusca, 
lineis angularibus cruentis lividis transversim seriatis pict; mar- 
gine intus crenato; ano lineari, subulato; valv4 profundé im- 
pressi, patente.” 

Large, flat, orbicular, slightly striated, and altogether very dif- 
ferent from any other species. 


Genus CYTHERAIA, from page 646, pl. exxxvi. 


Sp. 37. C. uMBoNELLA (pl. cxxx. f. 63-66; var. pl. clxmi. 
f. 204). A pretty variety from Mr. Campbell’s collection. 


743 


Sp. 52. C. Poicipprvarum (pl. exxxvi. f. 176; var. pl. clxi. 
f. 206, 207). A beautiful undulated variety, and another. 


Sp. 82. C. pannosa (pl. exxxi. f. 140-142; var. pl. clxii. 
f. 202). A variety necessary to elucidate the species. 


Sp. 116. C. rurita (pl. clxin. f. 205), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. testi leevigaté, subcompress, lata et. alt4, subovali, sub- 
rosea, fasciis radiatis ineequalibus interruptis latis picté; margine 
dorsali castaneo-maculato ; lunulé elongata, distincta, levi, pla- 
nulata. 

A magnificent shell in Mr. Cuming’s collection, smooth, with 
broad rays of chestnut-colour on a pinkish ground; the dorsal 
margin is smooth, with large angular spots; the lunule is smooth 
and long. 


Sp. 117. C. pisrupra (pl. clxin. f. 208, 209), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. testa ovali, levigaté, subcompress4, concentricé tenuiter 
striata, albida, fulvo disruptim radiaté et maculata; margine dor- 
sali declivi, polito, maculis magnis castaneis variegato; lunula 
excavati ; latere antico breviusculo, postico subacuminato. 

This may possibly be only a smoother variety of C. mudtistriata, 
sp. 56, f. 117; the broken-up spots and bands and the broad 
patches on the dorsal margin are remarkable, and the excavated 
lunule more so; the shell is broader and less pointed than C. mu/- 
tistriata. 

New Zealand. Strange. 


Sp. 118. C. unocens (pl. elxin. f. 210), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. test& ovali, levigaté, compressi, concentricé tenuiter 
striata, pallida, versus marginem fulva, interruptim radiata; mar- 
gine dorsali levi, submaculato; lunula parva, distinct, planulata ; 
latere postico obtusé rotundatim angulato, subtruncato. 

Closely resembling the preceding, but much more simple and 
unobtrusive in its colouring, and having the lunule small and not 
at all excavated. 


Sp. 119. C. consancurnea (pl. clxui. f. 203), C. B. Adams. 


Cyth. testa tenui, inflata, leevigata, pallida, prope umbones ra- 
diaté, margine ventrali rotundati, antice clevaté ; margine dorsali 
5D 


744 


declivi, anticé subacuminato ; lunula lata, cireumscripta; umbo- 
nibus inflatis, roseis. 

Distinguishable from C. cnfiata (nobis) only in having an im- 
pressed line circumscribing the lunule, and being a little more 


pointed anteriorly. 
Panama. C..B. Adams. 


Sp. 120. C. rrrpescens (pl. clxin. f. 211), Sowerby, jun. 


Cyth. testa parva, rotundata, iridescente-alba, concentricé versus 
marginem ventralem minuté elevatim striata; margine dorsalt de- 
clivi; lunulé magn, circumscripta, cardine dente antico magno. 

A small, white, rounded shell, with an iridescent white surface, 
striated concentrically near the ventral margin. 


Genus CIRCH, from page 650, pl. exxxix. 


Sp. 5. C. pispar (pl. exxxvu. f.10,11; var. pl. elxin. f. 53, 
54). Two beautiful varieties recently received by Mr. Cuming. 


Sp. 15. C. minrva (pl. exxvin. f. 18-21; var. pl. elxin. 
f. 55, 56, 57, 58). Varieties from Puerto Santo. M‘Andrew. 


Genus TAPES, from page 699, pl. cli. 


Sp. 8. T. sutcosa (pl. exlv. f. 14; var. pl. clxin. f. 158). 
A variety in Mr. Gaskoin’s collection, more ventricose in the 
centre, and more smooth near the umboes. 


Sp. 10. T. rexritn (pl. exlvi. f. 26-28). One or two spe- 
cimens exist in Mr. Gaskoin’s collection, resembling the variety 
f. 28, but having a few sulci similar to those in 7’ rimosa. Is 
this a new species P 


Sp. 62. T. DomBzyr (pl. cl. f. 118; var. pl. clxi.f.  ). 
If a variety, a very remarkable one, still not sufficiently defined in 
character to describe as a species. 


Sp. 73. T. expatLescens (pl. clxii. f. 161, 162), Phodippi, 
Abbild. t. 3. f. 5. 

Tap. “testa ovato-oblongd, subellipticé, compressa, albida, ad 
apicem violascente, opaci, transversim irregulariter striata; area 
omnino nullé; lunulé cordati, lined impressd cincté, parum dis- 
tincté; margine integerrimo.” 

A small, white, compressed, smooth shell, from Chili. 


745 


Sp. 74. T. rrucruosa (pl. elxii. f. 163), Gould, Invert. Mass. 
prog! to0. 


Tap. testi parva, tenui, compressa, ovali, pallidé fulva, minute 
radiatim striatd, posticé levigaté, margine dorsali depresso, recti- 
usculo; latere postico oblongo, subtruncato, margine interno cre- 
nulato. 

A small, thin, flattish-oblong shell, of a pale colour, minutely 
striated in both directions, but most conspicuously radiating from 
the umboes. 


Sp. 75. T. Meroarormis (pl. clxii. f. 160), Sowerdy, jun. 


Tap. testa solidi, subcompressa, ineequaliter subtrigona, leviter 
rotundatim sulcaté, ad umbones levigatd, omnino pallidé fulva, 
medio et prope umbones castaneo marmorati; latere antico brevi ; 
lunula depress&, lanceolata, polita, declivi; Jatere postico subelon- 
gato, subtruncato ; margine dorsali declivi, laté depresso, nitente. 

A fine species recently received by Mr. Cuming, at first sight 
very nearly resembling a Meroe, but wanting the deep incision of 
the dorsal margin characteristic of that genus. 


TAG 


INDEX TO THE FAMILY 


VENERIDA. 


GENERA. 


MERrog, p. 609, pl. cxxv., and suppl. in pl. elxiii. 

CyTHER#A, p. 611, pl. exxvii. to exxxvi., and suppl. in pl. elxiii. 
Circe, p. 648, pl. exxxvii. to cxxxix., and suppl. in pl. elxiii. 
Artemis, p. 655, pl. exl. to exliv. 

Lucinopsis, p. 676, pl. cxliv. 

Tapgs, p. 678, pl. cxlv. to cli., and suppl. in pl. elxiii. 
CiEMENTIA, p. 700, pl. cli. 

Venus, p. 703, pl. clii. te clxii. 


ALPHABETICAL ARRANGEMENT OF SPECIFIC NAMES. 


abbreviata, Lamk., Cyth. 110. pl. 135. f. 170, 171. 
acetabulum, Conrad, Jay’s Cat., Art. unknown. 
acuminata, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 75*. pl. 136. f. 178. 
acuminata, Sowd., jun., Tap. 36. pl. 149. f. 105. 
Adansoni, Phil., Art. 42. pl. 142. f. 52. 
Adenensis, Phil., Tap. aurea, or vermicularis ? 
enea, Turt., Tap. aurea, sp. 38. 

eequilatera, Sowd. (Donax), Ven. 109. pl. 159. f. 168, 169. 
equivoca, Chemn., Cir. 4. pl. 137. f. 12-15. 
Africana, Gray, Art. 40. pl. 142. f. 48. 

Africana, Mihif., Ven. 106. pl. 159. f. 159-164. 
affinis, Brod., Cyth. 62. pl. 132. f. 101. 


INDEX TO THE VENERIDA. 


affinis, Gmel., Oyth. lata, sp. 84? 

affinis, Sowd., jun., Ven. 51. pl. 155. f. 62. 
agrestis, Phil., Ven. 73. pl. 156. f. 75, 76. 

alata, Reeve, Art. 63. pl. 144. f. 73. 

albida, Gray, Cyth. King, sp. 92* ? 

albina, Lamk., Cyth. 73. pl. 133. f. 121. 

albina, Sowd., jun., Ven. 88. pl. 161. f. 202. 
albo-cincta, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 83. pl. 136. f. 187. 
albo-radiata, Sowd., gun., Ven. 87. pl. 161. f. 199. 
alta, Sowd., jun., Ven. 63. pl. 158. f. 129-131. 
alternata, Brod., Cyth. circinata, sp. 65. 

amabilis, Pxil., Tap. 6. pl. 145. f. 11. 
Amathusia, Phil., Ven. 18. pl. 154. f. 26, 27. 
amphidesmoides, Reeve, Art. 15. pl. 141. f. 17-19. 
angulifera, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 81. pl. 136. f. 189. 
angulosa, Phil., Art. 27. pl. 141. f. 26. 

anomala, Lamk. (Ven. 51.), not recognized. 
antiqua, Gray, Ven. costellata, sp. 4. 

anus, Phil., Art. 69. pl. 144. f. 82. 

aper, Quoy, Tap. texturata, sp. 39 ? 

aphrodina, Lamk., Ven. 98. pl. 162. f. 221. 
aphrodinoides, Lamk., Ven. aphrodina, sp. 98. 
apicalis, Phil., Cir. minima, sp. 16. 

Arabica, Chemn., Cyth. 108. pl. 135. f. 165-168. 
arenosa, Phil., Tap. 34. pl. 146. f. 33. 

argentina, Sowd., Cyth. 34. pl. 129. f. 62. 

aspera, Reeve, Art. 48. pl. 143. f. 56. 

asperrima, Sowd., Ven. 31. pl. 155. f. 57, 58. 
aspersa, Lamk., Tap. 19. pl. 147. f. 52. 
astartoides, Phil. ? Ven. 100. pl. 158. f. 137. 
aurantia, Hanl., Cyth. 58. pl. 132. f. 97 dis. 
aurea, Gmel., Tap. 38. pl. 149. f. 108-110. 
aurisiaca, Wood, Ven. striata, sp. 94. 

australis, Sowd., jun., Cir. 6. pl. 137. f. 16, 17. 
australis, Quoy, Art. variegata, sp. 72. 

australis, Chemn., Cyth. castrensis, sp. 108. 
australis, Sowd., Ven. 48. pl. 157. f. 111, 112. 
Belcheri, Sowd., jun., Tap. 20. pl. 147. f. 50, 51. 


748 INDEX TO THE 


Belcheri, So2d., jun., Cyth. 80. pl. 136. f. 188. 
Berryi, Gray, Ven. 62. pl. 160. f. 170-178. 
Beudantui, Payr., Tap. petalina, sp. 35. 

bicolor, Gray, Cyth. 19. pl. 127. f. 10, 11. 
bicolor, Lamk., Tap. floridella, sp. 33. 

bilunata, Gray, Art. 56. pl. 143. f. 66. 
bilunulata, Brit. Mus., Cyth. Kingii, sp. 92*? * 
biradiata, Sowb., Cyth. squalida, sp. 61*. 
Birmanica = Meroe seminuda, sp. 3. 

biscocta, Reeve, Art. 44. pl. 142. f. 50. 
brevispinosa, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 71. pl. 132. f. 109. 
Bruguieri, Hand., Tap. 60. pl. 150. f. 130, 131. 
brunnea, Chemn., Cyth. casta? sp. 31. 

bullata, Sozd., jun., Cyth. 96. pl. 136. f. 192. 
cerulea, Reeve, Art. 32. pl. 142. f. 43, 44. 
calcarea, Phil., Ven. preparea, sp. 89. 

calculus, Reeve, Art. 43. pl. 142. f. 53. 
Californiensis, Brod., Ven. 24. pl. 154. f. 40, 41. 
callosa, Conrad, Ven. 25. pl. 154. f. 44, 45. 
callypiga, Lamk., Tap. flammiculata, sp. 26. 
calophyla, Han/., Ven. 64. pl. 160. f. 176. 
calypiga, Born, Cyth. 112. pl. 135. f. 164. 
canaliculata, Sowd., gun., Art. 49. pl. 143. f. 58. 
cancellata, Linn., Ven. 19. pl. 154. f. 28-31. 
cancellata, Chemn., var. Ven. Lamarckii, sp. 13. 
ceardilla, Lamk. (Cyth. 54), Ven. Stutchburii ? 
cardioides, Lamk. (Krycina), Ven. striatissima, sp. 44. 
cardioides, Lamk., Ven. pectorina, sp. 30. 
carneola, Lamk., Tap. flammiculata, sp. 26. 
casina, Linn., Ven. 69. pl. 160. f. 177-180. 
casta, Gmel., Cyth. 31. pl. 129. f. 48-46. 
castanea, Lamk., Cyth. impudica, sp. 30. 
castrensis, Linn., Cyth. 103. pl. 134. f. 151-154. 
catenifera, Lamk., Tap. 25. pl. 149. f. 106, 107*. 
Ceylonensis, Sowd., jun., Tap. 16. pl. 146. f. 24, 25. 
Chemnitzii, Han/., Ven. 5. pl. 152. f. 6. 
Chinensis, Chemn., Art. 20. pl. 141. f. 23, 24. 
Chilensis, Sowd., Tap. Dombeyi, sp. 62. 


FAMILY VENERIDA. 749 


Chione, Linn., Cyth. 59. pl. 132. f. 78. 

cincta, Chemn., Ven. rugosa, sp. 74. 

cingenda, Dillw., Ven. cancellata, sp. 19. 
eingulata, Lamk., Ven. 78. pl. 161. f. 191. 
cingulina, —-— ? Ven. Berryi? 

circinata, Born, Oyth. 65. pl. 132. f. 104-106. 
citrina, Lamk., Cyth. 86. pl. 132. f. 117, 118. 
Cochinensis, Thorpe, Ven. 37. pl. 156. f. 80. 
celata, Menke, Ven. spurca, sp. 49. 
Columbiensis, Sowd., Ven. 29. pl. 155. f. 53, 54. 
compressa, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 13. pl. 128. f. 33, 34. 
compta, Loven, Art. 37. pl. 142. f. 45. 

compta, Brod., Ven. 20. pl. 154. f. 32-34. 
concentrica, Gmel., Art. 1. pl. 140. f. 1. 
concinna, Sowd., Cyth. 94. pl. 132. f. 99, 100. 
concinna, Sowd., jun., Art. 9. pl. 140. f. 4. 
consanguinea, C. B. Adams, Cyth. 119. pl. 63. f. 208. 
contusa, Reeve, Art. 62. pl. 143. f. 70. 

conularis, Lamk., Ven. scalarina, sp. 96. 

convexa, Say, Cyth. 90. pl. 1382. f. 119. 

corbis, Lamk., Ven. reticulata, sp. 10. 

corbicula, Lamk., Cyth. 7. pl. 128. f. 37-39. 
cor, Sowd., jun., Ven. 72. pl. 160. f. 184. 
corrugata, Giel., Tap. 42. pl. 150. f. 121, 122. 
corrugata, Reeve, Art. 54. pl. 14:3. f. 63. 
corrugata, Diilw., Cir. rugifera, sp. 13. 

costata, Chemn., Cyth. 40. pl. 180. f. 70, 71. 
costata, Brown, Ven. striatula, sp. 92. 

costellata, Sowd., Ven. 4. pl. 153. f. 14. 
costellifera, dams, Ven. 46, pl. 157. f. 106. 
costulata, Wood, Ven. gallinula, sp. 79. 

crassa, Quoy, Ven. spurca, sp. 49. 

crassatelloides, Conrad, Cyth. 1. pl. 127. f. 1, 2, 3. 
erassicosta, Quoy, Tap. 63. p. 149. f. 93. 
crassisulca, Lam/h., not recognized. 

crebrisulea, Lamk., Ven. 75. pl. 161, f. 187-189. 
crenata, Gmel., Ven. crenulata, sp. 77. 

erenifera, Sowd., Ven. 34. pl. 156. f. 73, 74. 


INDEX ‘TO ‘THE 


erenulata, Chemn., Ven. 77. pl. 161, f. 190. 
cretacea, Aeeve, Art. 46. pl. 142. f. 51. 

crocea, Gray, Cir. 14. pl. 139. f. 49-52. 

Cumingii, Sowd., jun., Tap. 41. pl. 150. f. 128. 
Cumingil, Sowd., jun., Ven. 65. pl. 157. f. 122. 
Cuming, Reeve, Art. 57. pl. 143. f. 64. 

cuneata, Lamk., Cir. equivoca, sp. 4 ? 

Cypria, Sowd., Ven. 56. pl. 157. f. 113. 

cyprinoides, Anton, Ven. mercenaria, sp. 91. 
Cygnus, Lamk., Cyth. 66. pl. 132. f. 107. 

Cyril, PAil., Cir. minima, sp. 16, 

dactyloides, Sowd., jun., Tap. 43. pl. 150. f. 129. 
damaoides, Gray, Cyth. 4. pl. 127. f. 7-9. 
decipiens, fanl., Ven. Wood’s Suppl. pl. 16. f. 22. 
declivis, Sowd., jun., Ven. 81. pl. 157. f. 123, 124, 
declivis, Sowd., jun., Tap. 7. pl. 145. f. 9. 

decorata, Brod., Ven. 35. pl. 156. f. 77, 78. 
decussata, Linn., Tap. 52. pl. 150. f. 115, 115*. 
denticulata, Sowd., jun., Tap. 43, pl. 150. f. 114. 
Deshayesu, Hanl., Tap. 22. pl. 146. f. 85-38. 
dentaria, Lamk. (Cyth. 78), not recognized. 
denticulata, Quoy, Ven. spurea, sp. 49. 
Dieffenbachii, Gray, Dauna of New Zealand, not recognized. 
Dione, Linn., Cyth. 67. pl. 182. f. 110. 

discina, Lamk., Ven. casina, sp. 69, Young. 

discors, Sowd., jun., Tap. 68. pl. 151. f 148-150. 
discrepans, Sowd., Ven. 55. pl. 155. f. 65. 

discus, /teeve, Art. 10. pl. 140. f 9. 

dispar, Chemu., Cir. 5. pl. 137. f. 10. 11, et pl. 163. f. 53, 54. 
disrupta, Sowd., juu., Tap. 44. pl. 149. f. 95. 
disrupta, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 117. pl. 163. f. 208, 209. 
distans P Art. 2. pl. 140. f. 3. 

divaricata, Gmel., Cir. 3. pl. 187. f. 8, 9. 

diversa, Sowd., jun., Tap. 65. pl. 146. f. 41. 

dysera, Chemu., Ven. 59. pl. 157. f. 119. 

Dolabella, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 23. pl. 127. f. 15. 
Dombeyii, Lamk., Tap. 62. pl. 150. f. 118, et pl. 163. f. 118 
donacina, Chemn., Ven. 108. pl. 159. f. 165-167. 


FAMILY VENERIDZ. (Cay 


dorsata, Lamk., Tap. turgida, sp. 17. 

“ Dosin,” Adanson, Art. Adansoni, sp. 42. 

dubia, Sowd., Cyth. 2. pl. 127. f. 4. 

Dunkeri, Pxil., Art. 7. pl. 140. f. 5. 

duplicata, Reeve, Art. 59. pl. 143. f. 67. 

dysera, Chemn., Ven. cancellata, sp. 19. 

edulis, Gmel., Tap. virginea, sp. 40. 

effossa, Hant., Meroe 2. pl. 126. f. 11, 12. 
elegans, Koch, Cyth. 113. pl. 135. f. 163. 
elegans, ddams, Ven. 82. pl. 158. f. 138. 
elegantina, Lamk., Ven. striata, sp. 94. 

elevata, Say, Ven. crenifera, sp. 34? 

elliptica, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 114. pl. 135. f. 173, 174. 
elliptica, Brown, Tap. virginca, sp. 40. 

encausta ? Ven. Amathusia, sp. 18. 
entobapta, Jonas, Ven. granulata, sp. 27. 

erycina, Penn., Ven. verrucosa, sp. 71. 

eryeina, Linn., Cyth. 38. pl. 130. f. 69. 
erycinella, Lamk., Cyth. 41. pl. 130. f. 85. 
erythreea, Jonas, Cir. plebeja, sp. 15. 

euglypta, Phil., Tap. 5. pl. 145. f. 17. 

exalbida, Chemn., Ven. 83. pl. 161. f. 193. 
exarata, Phil., Tap. 4. pl. 145. f. 18. 

exasperata, Phil., Art. 55. pl. 143. f. 62. 
excavata, Hanl., Meroe, 5. pl. 126. f. 18, 14, et pl. 163. f. 16 
excisa, Chemn., Art. 61. pl. 143. f. 69. 

exilis, Chemn., Cyth. zonaria, sp. 29. 

exoleta, Zinn., Art. 12. pl. 141. f. 42, 43, 44. 
expallescens, Phil., Tap. 73. pl. 163. f. 161, 162. 
fasciata, Donov., Ven. 57. pl. 157. f. 114, 115. 
Jasciatus, Costa (Cuneus), Tap. virginea, sp. 40. 
fastigiata, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 106. pl. 135. f. 158, 159. 
ferruginea, Reeve, Art. 29. pl. 142. f. 34. 

festiva, Paris Mus., Cyth. 47. pl. 130. f. 72. 
fibula, Reeve, Art. 45. pl. 142. f. 49. 

flammea, Lamk. (Ven. 84), not recognized. 
flammiculata, Zamk., Tap. 26. pl. 148. f. 56-61. 
flexuosa, Zinn., Ven. 39. pl. 156. f. 85, 86. 


w 


INDEX TO THE 


florida, Zamk., Cyth. 53. pl. 136. f. 193-196. 
florida, Lamk., Tap. 82. pl. 149. f. 112, 113. 
florida, Poli, Tap. decussata, sp. 52. 

floridella, Lamk., Tap. 33. pl. 149. f. 96-99. 
fluctifraga, Sowd., jun., Ven. 26. pl. 154. f. 42, 43. 
fluctuata, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 79. pl. 136. f. 185, 186. 
fluctuosa, Gould, Tap. 74. pl. 163. f. 163. 

foliacea, Phil., Ven. thiara, sp. 61. 

formosa, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 28. pl. 129. f. 47. 
foveolata, Sowd., jun., Ven. 80. pl. 154. f. 46. 
fulminata, Valenc., Cyth. 92. pl. 183. f. 137. 
fumigata, Sowd., jun., Ven. 102. pl. 159. f. 151-153. 
fusca, Koch, Cyth. lusoria, sp. 26. 

fuscolineata, Sowd., Tap. 69. pl. 151. f. 145, 
galactites, Lamk., Tap. 59. pl. 151. f. 132. 

gallina, Linn., Ven. 93. pl. 161. f. 202, 203. 
gallinula, Zamk., Ven. 71. pl. 162. f. 225, 226. 
gallus, Gmel. 

gemma, Totten, Ven. 101. pl. 158. f. 141. 
geographica, Chemn., Tap. 49. pl. 87-91. 

gibbia, Lamk., Cir. 2. pl. 137. f. 4-7. 

gigantea, Linn., Cyth. 57. pl. 131. f. 86. 

gigantea, Sowb., Art. ponderosa, sp. 3. 

glandina, Lamk., Tap. geographica, sp. 50. 

glauca, Reeve, Art. compta, sp. 37. 

Gnidia, Brod. et Sowb., Ven. pl. 154. f. 25. 
eracilior, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 10. pl. 128. f. 32. 
granulata, Gmel., Ven. 27. pl. 155. f. 47-49. 
eranulifera, Sowd., jun., Clem. 3. pl. 151. f. 154. 
yraphica, Lamk. = Cyth. petechialis, sp. 25. 

erata, Say, Tap. 71. pl. 151. f. 152. 

gravescens, Menke, Ven. 62. pl. 160. f. 170-178. 
grisea, Lamk. (Ven. 19), a Tapes not recognized. 
Gruneri, Phil., Art. 41. pl 142. f. 47. 

CGuineensis, Lamk., Cyth. circimata, sp. 65. 
Hanleyana, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 16. pl. 128. f. 23, 24. 
Hanleyi, Sowd., jun., Tap. 37. pl. 149. f. 102, 103. 
Hebroea, Lamk., Cyth. 100. pl. 134. f. 143-148. 


PAMILY VENERIDA, 753 


hepatica, Pai., Art. 31. pl. 142. f. 35, 36. 
hiantina, Zamk., Tap. flammiculata, sp. 26. 
hieroglyphica, Conrad, Cyth. 105. pl. 134. f. 150. 
Hindsii, Hanil., Cyth. 8, pl. 128. f. 27. 

Histrio, Gizel., Cyth., not recognized. 

histrionica, Sowd., Ven. 32. pl. 155. f. 52. 
ignobilis, Anton, Tap. intermedia, sp. 49. 
ineequalis, Say, Venus, not recognized. 

incerta, Sowd., jun., Tap. 30. pl. 148. f. 77. 
incerta, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 18. pl. 128. f. 17. 
incisa, Feeve, Art. 5. pl. 140. f. 7. 

incompta, Phil. (Ven.), Lucinopsis undata. 
inconspicua, Sowd., Cyth. 92. pl. 132. f. 1838, 134. 
indecora, Phil., Cyth. 78. pl. 136. f. 179. 

Indica, Hani., Tap. 55. pl. 151. f. 146, 147. 
inflata, Sowd., jun., Art. 22. pl. 141. f. 25. 
inflata, Sovd., jun., Cyth. 89. p. 133. f. 127, 128. 
imbricata, Sowd., jun., Ven. 36. pl. 156. f. 81, 82. 
immaculata, Lamk. (Cyth. 42), not recognized. 
impar, Lamk., Cyth. 46. pl. 131. f. 77. 

impressa, Anton, Ven. flexuosa, sp. 39. 

impudica, Chemn., Cyth. 30. pl. 129. f. 55-58. 
innocens, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 118. pl. 163. f. 210. 
inquinata, Lamk. (Ven. 88), not recognized. 
intermedia, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 12. pl. 128. f. 35. 
interrupta, Lamk., Cyth.; a Lucina ? 

intermedia, Quoy, Tap. 46. pl. 146. f. 39, 40. 
intersecta, Sowd., Ven. 33. pl. 155. f. 59, 60. 
iridescens, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 120. p. 163. f. 211. 
Isocardia, Dunker, Art. 18. pl. 141. f. 29, 30. 
Japonica, Gmel., Ven, striata, sp. 94 

Japonica, Reeve, Art. 51. pl. 143. f. 60. 

juvenilis, Gmel., Art. 67. pl. 144. f. 74-76. 
juvenis, Chemn., Art. juvenilis, sp. 67. 

Kellettii, Hinds, Ven. 53. pl. 155. f. 64. 

Kingii, Gray, Cyth. 92*. pl. 133. f. 129-182. 
Kochii, Phil., Ven. 105. pl. 158, f. 147-151 
Kroyeri, Phil., Art., not known. 


7 


3) 


INDEX TO THE 


Labuana, ddams, Ven. 95. pl. 162. f. 214. 
lacerata, Hani., Ven. 3. pl. 152. f. 3, 4. 
lactea, Donov., Ven. casina, sp. 69. 

lactea, Lamk., Cyth. 47, not recognized. 

leta, Linn., Cyth. 84. pl. 133. f. 1238, 124. 
leevigata, Sowd., jun., Ven. 1038. pl. 159. f. 156-158. 
lagopus, Lamk. (Ven. 23), not recognized. 
Lamarckii, Gray, Ven. 13. pl. 153. f. 20, 21. 
Lamarcku, Gray, Cyth. Kingii, sp. 92*. 
Lajonkarii, Payr., Tap. 57. pl. 150. f. 120. 
lamellata, Lamk., Ven. 67. pl. 160. f. 175. 
lamellata, Reeve, Art. 58. pl. 143. f. 65. 
laminata, Reeve, Art. 71. pl. 144. f. 86, 87. 
laminosa, Turton, Ven. striatula, sp. 92. 
laqueata, Sowd., jum., Ven. 91. pl. 153. f. 15. 
laterisulca, Lamk:., Tap. 24. pl. 148. f. 67-76. 
Lemannii, Payr., Ven. verrucosa, sp. 71. 
lenticularis, Sowd., Ven. 84. pl. 161. f. 194. 
lenticularis, Sowd., jun., Art. 74. pl. 144. f. 81. 
lentiginosa, Chemn., Cyth. 109. pl. 135. f. 160-162. 
lepida, Chemn., Cyth. rosea, sp. 68. 

leucodon, Sowb., Ven. Californiensis, sp. 24. 
ligula, Anton, Cyth. unicolor. 

Hilacina, Lamk., Cyth. 49. pl. 130. f. 74. 
Lima, Sowb., jun., Tap. 67. pl. 151. f. 144. 
limatula, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 98. pl. 200, 201. 
lincta, Pulé., Art. 13. pl. 141. f. 16. 

lineata, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 15. pl. 128. f. 26. 
lirata, Phil., Tap. 3. pl. 145. f. 19. 

lirata, Sowd., jun., Art. 73. pl. 144. f. 85. 
Listeri, Gray, Ven. 5. pl. 152. f. 7-9. 
lithoidea, Jonas, Tap. 47. pl. 150. f. 126. 
litterata, Chemn., Tap. 18. pl. 147. f. 43-49. 
livida, Phil., Art. 47. pl. 142. f. 55. 
longilunata, Reeve, Art. angulosa, sp. 27. 
Lorenziana, Chemn., Cyth. castrensis, sp. 103. 
lubrica, Brod., Cyth. purpurata, sp. 36. 
Lucinalis, Lamk., Cyth., not recognized. 


FAMILY VENERIDA. 755 


lucinoides, Reeve, Art. 33. pl. 142. f. 39. 

lunaris, Lams, Art. 28. pl. 142. 

lunulata, Lamk., Ven. macrodon, sp. 41. 

lupinaria, Lesson, Cyth. 69. pl. 132. f. 111. 

lupinus, Poli, Art. lunaris, sp. 28. 

lusoria, Lamk., Cyth. 26. pl. 128. f. 40-42. 

lutea, Koch, Cyth. pannosa, sp. 82. 

Luzonica, Sowd., jun., Tap. 29. pl. 149. f. 100, 101. 
lyra, Hanl., Ven. 76. pl. 161. f. 192. 

lyrata, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 33. pl. 129. f. 61. 
macilenta, Reeve, Art. 25. pl. 141. f. 32. 

mactracea, Brod. (Ven), Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, not recognized. 
macrodon, Lamk., Ven. 41. pl. 156. f. 88-90. 
mactroides, Dillw., Cyth. 11. pl. 128. f. 36. 
maculata, Linn., Cyth. 60. pl. 131. f. 93, 94, 97. 
magnifica, Sowd., jun., Ven. 2. pl. 152, f. 5. 
Malabarica, Chemn., Tap. 13. pl. 145. f. 6, 7, 8. 
Manille, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 77. pl. 136. f. 180, 181. 
marica, Linn., Ven. 47. pl. 157. f. 107-110. 
marmorata, Lamk., Venus, not recognized. 

maxima, Phil., Tap. 46. pl. 150. f. 127. 
membranaceus, Costa (Pect.), Ven. casina, sp. 69. 
menstrualis, Menke, Meroe 8. pl. 163. f. 17. 
mercenaria, Linn., Ven. 91. pl. 162. f. 204, 205. 
meretrix, Linn., Cyth. 24. pl. 129. f. 48, 50. 

Meroe = Meroe picta, sp. 1. 

merozformis, Sowd., jun., Tap. 75. pl. 163. f. 160. 
mesodesma, Quoy, Ven. spurea, sp. 49. 

minima, Mont., Cir. 16. pl. 138. f. 18-21. et pl. 163. f. 55-58. 
minuta, Koch, Venus, Ph. t. 3. f. 8, not known. 
micta, Lamk., Cir. equivoca, sp. 4? 

modesta, Reeve, Art. 30. pl. 42. f. 37. 

modesta, Sowd., Cyth. 55, pl. 136. f. 184. 

modesta, Phil., Cyth. Kingii, sp. 92*. 

monilifera, Sowd., jun., Ven. 11. pl. 153. f. 19. 
morphina, Lamk., Cyth. 27. p. 129. f. 59, 60. 
Mortoni, Conrad, Ven. preparea, sp. 89. 
multicostata, Sowd., Ven. 7. pl. 152. f. 10. 


756 INDEX TO THE 


multiradiata, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 39. pl. 130. f. 76. 
multispinosa, Sowb., jun., Cyth. 70. pl. 132. f. 112. 
multistriata, Sowd., jum., Cyth. 56. pl. 136. f. 177. 
muscaria, Lamk., Cir. dispar, sp. 5. 

nanus, /eeve, Art. 19. pl. 141. f. 31. 

nebulosa, Chemn., Tap. pinguis, sp. 15. 

nebulosa, Pult., Tap. aurea, sp. 38. 

neglecta, Sowb., Ven. subrostrata, sp. 21. 

nitens, Turt., Tap. aurea, sp. 38. 

nitens, Reeve, Art. 4. pl. 140. f. 11. 

nitidula, Zamk., Cyth. 14. pl. 128. f. 25. 

niwea, Hanley, Cyth. umbonella, sp. 37. 

nobilis, Reeve, Cyth. 35. pl. 130. f. 68. 

nocturna, Chemn., 'Tap. litterata, sp. 18. 

nodulosa, Sowé., jun., Ven. 14. pl. 153. f. 16. 
notata, Say, Ven. mercenaria, sp. 91. 

nucleus, Lamk., Tap. pullastra, sp. 51. 
nummulina, Lamk., Cir. 9. pl. 138. f. 27. 
Nuttallii, Conrad, Venus, not recognized. 

obesa, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 50. pl. 131. f. 83, 84. 
obliqua, Anton, Ven. merceneria, sp. 91. 
obliquata, Hani., Cyth. 85. pl. 132. f. 125, 126. 
oblonga, Gray, Ven. 86. pl. 161. f. 197. 

obscura, Brod. (Ven.), Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, not recognized. 
obsoleta, Chemn., Tap. corrugata, sp. 42. 

oculata, Say, Cyth., not recognized. 

opaca, Sowd., Tap. 45. pl. 150. f. 123. 

opima, Gmel., Tap. pinguis, sp. 15. 

Orbignii, Dunker, Art. 38. pl. 142. f. 54. 

ornata, Lamk., Cyth. 104. pl. 134. f. 149. 
orientalis, Sowd., jum., Art. 21, pl. 144. f. 79. 
ornatissima, Brod., Ven. 15. pl. 1538. f. 24. 

ovata, Penn., Ven. 43. pl. 157. f. 99, 100. 
ovulea, Lamk., Tap. turgida, sp. 17. 

ovum, JZanl., Cyth. 32. pl. 129. f. 45. 
pachyphylla, Jonas, Venus, not recognized. 
pacifica, Dillw., Cyth. costata, sp. 40. 

pallescens, Sowd., Cyth. 91. pl. 132. f. 135. 


FAMILY VENERIDA. 757 


palustris, Mawe, Tap. pullastra, sp. 51. 

pannosa, Sowd.,Cyth. 82. pl. 133. f. 140-142, et pl. 163. f. 202, 203. 
Paphia, Linn., Ven. 50. pl. 155. f. 61. 

papilionacea, Lamk., Tap. 2. pl. 145. f. 12. 
papyracea, Gray, Clem. 1. pl. 151. f. 155. 
Patagonica, Phil., Art. 6. pl. 140. f. 8. 

paupercula, Chemn., Ven. Kochii, sp. 105. 

pectinata, Linn., Cir. 1. pl. 137. f. 1, 2, 3. 

pectinata, Sowd. (Cyth.), Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, not recognized. 
pectinula, Lamk., Ven. ovata, sp. 43. 

pectoralis, Lamk., Cyth. 48. pl. 130. f. 75. 

pectorina, Lamk., Ven. 30. pl. 155. f. 55, 56. 
pellucida, Lamk., Cyth. 93. pl. 136. f. 190. 
penicillata, Reeve, Art. 26. pl. 141. f. 28. 

Pennantii, Forbes, Ven. striatula, sp. 92. 

perforans, Mont., Tap. pullastra, sp. 51. 

Peronii, Lamk., Ven. 97. pl. 162. f. 224. 

perplexa, Sowd., jun., Tap. 31. pl. 148. f. 80. 
Peruviana, Sowd., Ven. 54. pl. 155. f. 66. 

petalina, Lamk., Tap. 35. pl. 149. f. 104. 

petechialis, Lamk., Cyth. 25. pl. 129. f. 51, 52. 
Pfeifferi, Phil., Cyth. lentiginosa, sp. 109. 
phaseolina, Lamk. (Ven. 64) Tapes? not recognized. 
Philippinarum, Adams, Tap. 54. pl. 151. f. 189-141. 
Philippinarum, Hani., Cyth. 52. pl. 136. f.176. et pl. 163. f. 206-7. 
picta, Schum., Meroe 1. pl. 126. f. 1, 2. 

picta, Lamk., Cyth. ornata, sp. 104. 

pinguis, Chemn., Tap. 15. pl. 146. f. 20-23. 
piperita, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 51. pl. 136. f. 175. 
placida, Phil., Ven. roborata, sp. 60. 

placunella, Lamk., Cir. eequivoca, sp. 4. 

plagia, Jeffreys, Tap. pullastra, sp. 51. 

plana, Reeve, Art. 11. pl. 140. f. 10. 

planata, Gray, Circe, not recognized. 

planulata, Brod., Cyth. 24. pl. 127. f. 13. 

plebeja, Hanl., Cir. 15. pl. 138. f. 338-37. 

plicata, Gmel., Ven. 66. pl. 150. f. 174. 

plicatina, Zamk., Cir. 11. pl. 138. f. 31, 32. 


758 INDEX TO THE 


polita, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 22. pl. 127. f. 14. 
polita, Sowd., jun., Tap. 12. pl. 145. f. 15, 16. 
polita, Quoy, Ven. 104. pl. 158. f. 189, 140. 
ponderosa, Gray, Art. 3. pl. 140. f. 2. 
ponderosa, Koch = Cyth. damaoides, sp. 4. 
preparea, Say, Ven. 89. pl. 161. f. 200. 
Prideauxiana, Couch, Ven. striatula, sp. 92. 
prora, Conrad, Cyth. leta, sp. 84. 

prostrata, Linn., Art. 70. pl. 144. f. 80. 
pubescens, Phil., Art. 64. pl. 143. f. 72. 
puerpera, Linn., Ven. 1. pl. 152. f. 1, 2. 
pulchra, Gray, Cyth. 43. pl. 180. f. 73. 
pulchella, Lamk., Tap. floridella, sp. 33. 
pulicaria, Brod., Ven. cingulata, sp. 78. 
pulicaria, Lamk., Cir. dispar, sp. 5. 

pullastra, Wood, Tap. 51. pl. 149. f. 85, 86. 
pumila, Lamk. (Ven. 86), not recognized. 
punctata, Chemn., Tap. litterata, sp. 18. 
punctata, Lamk. (Cyth. 54), a Lucina. 
punctifera, Gray, Ven. 40. pl. 156. f. 87. 
punetifera, Lamk., Tap. litterata, sp. 18. 
purpurata, Sowd., jun., Tap. 48. pl. 150. f. 124, 125. 
purpurata, Lamk., Cyth. 36. pl. 130. f. 67. 
pygmea, Lamk., Ven. 12. pl. 156. f. 69-72. 
quadrangularis, dams, Ven. 85. pl. 161. f. 196. 
Quoyi, Hanl., Cir. rivularis ? 

radiata, Chemn., Tap. recens, sp. 23. 

radiata, Sowb., Cyth. 9. pl. 128. f. 28-31. 
radiata, Chemn., Ven. crenifera, sp. 34? 
radiata, Phil., Ven. ovata, sp. 43. 

radiata, Reeve, Art. amphidesmoides, sp. 15. 
Ranella, Lamk., Cir. gibbia, sp. 2. 
rariflamma, Lamk., Tap. 1. pl. 145. f. 3-5. 
recens, Chemn., Tap. 23. pl. 148. f. 62-66. 
reflexa, Mont., Ven. casina, sp. 69. 
resticulata, Sowd., jun., Ven. 8. pl. 153. f. 23. 
reticulata, Zinn., Ven. 10. pl. 153. f. 11-13. 
retifera, Lamk. (Ven. 50), not recognized. 


FAMILY VENERIDA. 


rhombifera, Brug., Tap. Malabarica, sp. 13. 
rhomboides, Lenn., Tap. virginea, sp. 40. 
rigida, Dillw., Ven. rugosa, sp. 74. 

rimosa, Phil., Tap. 11. pl. 146. f. 29. 
rimularis, Lamk., Tap. 27. pl. 148. f. 55. 
rivularis, Menke ? Cir. 12. pl. 139. f. 46-48. 
roborata, Hanl., Ven. 60. pl. 157. f. 116-118. 
rosalina, Rang, Ven. 70. pl. 60. f. 181. 
rosea, Brod., Cyth. 68. pl. 132. f. 108. 
rostrata, Koch, Cyth. 75. pl. 133. f. 122. 
rostrata, Sowd., jun., Ven. 42. pl. 156. f. 91. 
rotundata, Linn., Tapes papilionacea, sp. 2. 
rubicunda, Phil., Art. 35. pl. 142. f. 40, 41. 
rubiginosa, Phil., Cyth. varians, sp. 95. 

rubra, Gmel., Cyth. circinata, sp. 65. 

rufa, Lamk., Tap. turgida, sp. 17. 

rufa, Lamk., Art. 66. pl. 144. f. 77. 

rugifera, ? Cir. 18. pl. 139. f. 44, 45. 
rugosa, Lamk., Cir. rugifera, sp. 13. 

rugosa, Gmel., Ven. 74. pl. 160. f. 185, 186. 
Rusterucii, Payr., Ven. casina, sp. 69. 

rutila, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 116. pl. 163. f. 205. 
Sarniensis, Turton, Tap. virginea, sp. 40. 
Sayana, Conrad, Cyth. convexa, sp. 90. 
scabriuscula, Phil., Art. 50. f. 59. 

scabra, Hanl., Ven. 45. pl. 157. f. 101, 102. 
scalaris, Menke, Art. 68. pl. 144. f. 78. 
scalarina, Lamk., Ven. 96. pl. 162. f. 215-220. 
Scotica, Lamk. (Ven. 55), not recognized. 
scripta, Linn., Cir. 7. pl. 139. f. 38-43. 
scripta, Linn., Meroe 4. pl. 126. f. 3-8. 
sculpta, Reeve, Art. 14. pl. 141. f. 15. 
semicancellata, Koch, Ven. donacina, sp. 108. 
semilamellosa, Chénu, Cyth. lupinaria, sp. 69. 
seminuda, Phil., Meroe 3. pl. 126. f. 15. 
semisulcata, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 42. pl. 131. f. 82. 
semirugata, Phil., Tap. 9. pl. 145. f. 12. 
Senegalensis, Dillw., Tap. pullastra, sp. 51. 


759 


760 INDEX TO THE 


sericea, Reeve, Art. 36. pl. 142. f. 42. 

Sieboldii, Reeve, Art. 53. pl. 143. f. 57. 

simillima, Sowd., jun., Ven. 16. pl. 153. f. 17. 
similis, Sowd., jun., Clem. 2. pl. 151. f. 156. 
simplex, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 54. pl. 136. f. 182, 183. 
simplex, Hanl., Art. 8. pl. 140. f. 6. 

sinuata, Turton (Ven.), Art. lincta, sp. 18. 

sinuata, Turton, Tap. aurea, sp. 38. 

sinuosa, Lamk., Tap. 14. pl. 145. f. 10. 

sinuosa, Pennant, Lucinopsis undata. 

Sinensis, Chemn., Cyth. 44. pl. 131. f. 79, 80. 
Solandri, Gray, Meroe 7. pl. 126. f. 10, et pl. 163. f. 18, 19. 
solidula, Sowd., jun., Art. 34. pl. 142. f. 38. 
spathulata, Sowd., jun,, Cyth. 45. pl. 131. f. 78, 79. 
spissa, Quoy, Venus spurca, sp. 49. 

splendens, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 115. pl. 135. f. 167. 
spurca, Sowb., Ven. 49. pl. 156. f. 92-98. 

squalida, Sowd., Cyth. 61*. pl. 131. f. 87-89. 
squamosa, Linn., Ven. 38. pl. 156. f. 83, 84. 
straminea, Conrad, Tap. 72. pl. 151. f. 151. 

striata, Chemn., Ven. 94. pl. 162. f. 207-213. 
striata, Gray ? Cyth. 87. pl. 182. f. 113-115. 
striatula, Costa, Ven. 92. pl. 62. f. 1384, 135. 
striatissima, Sowd., jun., Ven. 44. pl. 157. f. 103-105. 
striatissima, Sowd., jun., Art. 65. pl. 144. f. 71-84. 
stultorum, Gray, Cyth. crassatelloides, sp. 1. 
Stultz, Dovan (Venus), Cir. plicatina ? 

strigosa, Lamk., Ven. 99. pl. 162. f. 222, 223. 
strigosa, Costa (Pect.), Ven. verrucosa, sp. 71. 
Stutchburti, Gray, Ven. 28. pl. 155. f. 50, 51. 
subelliptica, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 111. pl. 135. f. 169. 
subimbricata, Sowd., Ven. 28. pl. 154. f. 35-38. 
subinflata, Sowé., jun., Cyth. 88. pl. 133. f. 116. 
subquadrata, Hanl., Art. 24. pl. 141. f. 27. 
subquadrata, Sowd., jun., Tap. 58. pl. 150. f. 119. 
subquadrata, Sowd., Meroe 5. pl. 126. f. 9. 
subrosea, Gray, Art. 52. pl. 1438. f. 61. 
subrostrata, Reeve, Ven. Lamarckii, sp. 13. 


FAMILY VENERIDA. 76] 


subrostrata, Lamk., Ven. 21. pl. 154. f. 39. 
subrugosa, Sowd., Ven. 52. pl. 155. f. 63. 
subnodulosa, Han/., Ven. Wood’s Supp. pl. 16. f. 9, not recognized. 
subpellucida, Sozd., jun., Cyth. 94. pl. 183. f. 136. 
subtrigona, Sowd., jun., Art. 17. pl. 141. f. 21. 
substriata, Mont., Tap. 56. pl. 150. f. 116, 117. 
subsulcata, Menke, Ven. subrugosa, sp. 52. 

sulearia, Lamk., Tap. 21. pl. 146. f. 30-32. 

sulcata, Brown, Ven. striatula, sp. 92. 

sulcatina, Zamk., Cyth. 101. pl. 134. f. 145, 146. 
sulcosa, Phil., Tap. 8. pl. 145. f. 18, 14, et pl. 163. f. 158. 
Tellinoidea, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 76. pl. 136. f. 191. 
tenuilamellata, Sowd., jun., Art. 60. pl. 143. f. 68. 
tenuilamellata, Sowd.,jun., Ven. 90. pl. 161. f. 195. 
tenuis, Sowd., jun., Art. 23. pl. 141. f. 22. 
tenuistriata, Sowd., jun., Tap. 28. pl. 148. f. 78, 79. 
tenuistriata, Lamk., (Cyprina), Art. Chinensis, sp. 20. 
tessellata, Adams, Tap. 66. pl. 151. f. 142, 143. 
testudinalis, Lamk., Cir. equivoca, sp. 4. 

textile, Gmel., Tap. 10. pl. 145. f. 26, 27, 28. 
texturata, Lamk, Tap. 39. pl. 149. f. 111. 

thiara, Dillw., Ven. 61. pl. 158. f. 125-131. 
tigerina, Lamk., Cyth., a Lucina. 

tigrina, Lamk., Cyth. 107. pl. 135. f. 155-157. 
torrida, Reeve, Art. 39. pl. 142. f. 46. 

tortuosa, Brod., Cyth. 63. pl. 132. f. 102, 103. 
tricolor, Sowd., Tap. 70. pl. 151. f. 153. 

trigona, Reeve, Art. 16. pl. 141. f. 29. 

trigona, Reeve, Oyth. 74. See Artemis. 

trigonella, Lamk., Cyth. 17. pl. 128. f. 16. 
trimaculata, Lamk., Cyth. 102. pl. 134. f. 147. 
tripla, Linn., Cyth. 6. pl. 128. f. 18-22. 

triradiata, Gmel., Tap. pinguis, sp. 15. 

tristis, Lamk., Ven. striata, sp. 94. 

truncata, Lamk. (Ven. 49), Tap. decussata ? 
tumefacta, Sowd., jun., Cir. 10. pl. 138. f. 28-30. 
tumida, Sowd., jun., Tap. 64. pl. 146. f. 42. 
turgida, Lamk., Tap. 17. pl. 147. f. 58, 54. 


INDEX TO THE VENERID/. 


umbonella, Lamk., Cyth. 37. pl. 130. f. 63-66, et pl. 163. f. 204. 
undata, Penn., Lucinopsis, pl. 144. f. 88, 89. 
undatella, Sowd., Ven. 22. pl. 153. f. 22. 
undatina, Lamk., Cir. 8. pl. 138. f. 22-26. 
undulata, Sowd., jun., Cyth. 21. pl. 127. f. 12. 
undulosa, Lamk., Ven. 107. pl. 158. f. 142-146. 
unicolor, Sowd., Cyth. 61. pl. 131.f. 90, 91. 
vaginalis, Menke, Meroe excavata, sp. 5. 
variabilis, Sowb., Ven. undulosa, sp. 107. 
variabilis, Born, Tap. laterisulca ? 

variabilis, Linn., Ven. cancellata, sp. 8. 

varians, Hanl., Cyth. 95. pl. 133. f. 138, 139. 
varicosa, Sowd., jun., Ven. 58. pl. 155. f. 67. 
variegata, Gray, Art. 72. pl. 144. f. 83. 
variegata, Hanl., Tap. 61. pl. 151. f. 133, 138. 
veneriformis, Lamk., Ven. donacina, sp. 108. 
Venetiana, Lamk., Cyth. 97. pl. 136. f. 197-199. 
ventricosa, Brit. Mus., Cyth. 5. pl. 127. f. 6. 
vermiculosa, Lamk., Tap. aurea, sp. 38. 
verrucosa, Linn., Ven. 71. pl. 60. f. 182, 183. 
violacea, Gmel., Ven. granulata, sp. 27. 
violacea, Schum., Cir. scripta, sp. 7. 

violacea, Quoy. Ven. spurea, sp. 49. 

virago, Loven, 'Tap. virginea, sp. 40. 

virginea, Linn. Tap. 40. pl. 149. f. 81-84. 
virginea, Adams, Cyth. 3. pl. 127. f. 5. 
vulgaris, Sowb., Tap. pullastra, sp. 51. 
vulnerata, Brod., Cyth. 72. pl. 131. f. 95, 96. 
vulvina, Lamk. (Ven. 75), not recognized. 
Yatei, Gray, Ven. 68. pl. 155. f. 68. 

ziczac, Linn., Ed. 10? Ven. cancellata, sp. 19. 
zonaria, Lamk., Cyth. 29. pl. 129. f. 53, 54. 
Zelandica, Quoy, Venus, not recognized. 


763 


MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS 


VENERUPIS. 


Fam. Veneride. 


Char. Gen. Testa equivalvis, inequilateralis, irregularis, ple- 
rumque oblonga; impressionibus muscularibus duabus subreni- 
formibus ; pallii impressione smu magno; dentibus cardinalibus 
duobus et tribus compressis. 

The characters of this genus so nearly resemble those of the 
rock-inhabiting species of Zapes, that it is difficult to separate some 
of the species. ‘They are more irregular in their growth, are ge- 
nerally laminated concentrically, sometimes have the margins of 
the valves gaping, and have more compressed and produced car- 
dinal teeth. The separation of this genus from the Petricole is 
also difficult, and even of doubtful expediency. In the Venerupis 
however the concentric lamine are the most prominent. 


1. Veneruris Invs (pl. clxiv. f. 1, and var. ? pl. clxv. f. 31, 
32), Zinn. (Donax). ‘Tellina cornubiensis, Pennant, Brit. Zool. 
Cuneus foliatus, Da Costa. 

V. testa pallidé, compressi, oblong’, subquadrata, posticé sub- 
rotundatim angulaté, medio depressi, anticé brevi; radiatim 
striati, concentricé laminis tenuibus fimbriatis, posticé productiori- 
bus cincté; intus pallidé fulva. 

This common British shell is found imbedded in limestone 
rocks on the coasts of Ireland, and the southern coasts of Eng- 
land and Wales. The varieties f. 31, 32, are doubtful, but not 
sufficiently characteristic to found a separate species. 


2. VENERUPIS MACROPHYLLA (pl. clxv. f. 20), Deshkayes, Mu- 
seum Catalogue and Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853. 


V. test’ alb’, oblong’, posticé vix angulaté, anticé brevi, ob- 
DG 


_ 164 


tusi; omnino radiatim striati, laminis tenuissimis, cancellatis, 
productis, laqueatis, posticé productioribus cincti. 

This beautiful shell differs from our /. Jrus in being much 
lighter, more rounded, and having the lamine more produced, 
foliated, and cancellated. 

Philippines, Cuming. 


3. Vunerupis exorica (pl. clxiv. f. 7), Hanley, Descriptive 
Catalogue in Wood’s Index, Suppl. pl. 9. f. 20). 


V. testa alba, postice rubro-lineaté ; compressd, oblonga, qua- 
draté, postice truncaté; lamellis concentricis, anticé crenulatis, 
distantibus, subplanulatis ; posticé porrectis laqueatis productis ; 
costellis radiantibus anticé numerosis, posticé latis angulatim pla- 
nulatis. 

We figure the original specimen in Mr. Hanley’s collection. 
New Holland. 


4, Vunerupis Carprrorpes (pl. clxiv. f. 4), Lamarck, An. 
sans vert. 2nd edit. vi. 164. 

V. compressa, lati, oblong’, posticé quadrati; fulva, posticé 
rubro angulatim lineat&é; costellis planulatis radiantibus posticé 
latioribus, laminis paucis distantibus, posticée productis. 

This species bears a close affinity to V. exotica, but it is much 
flatter and broader, with the concentric laminz less produced and 


smoother at the back. 
New Holland. 


5, VENERUPIS CRENATA (pl. clxiv. f. 18, 19), Lamarck, An. 
sans vert. 2nd edit. vol. vi. p. 164. Pullastra crenata, Conch. 
Nomenct. Cypricardia serrata, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. 1. f. 5. 


V. oblongo-subquadrata, posticé angulaté, medio depress4, om- 
nino pallide fulva, aurantio et purpureo picto, intts posticé fusca ; 
costellis numerosis radiantibus, et lamellis valde crenatis irregu- 
laribus posticé productioribus decussata. 

This beautiful squarish-oblong shell, painted with patches of 
orange and purple, is remarkable for its crenulated lamine. 


New Holland. 


6. Vunerupis roriacna (pl. clxiv. f. 8, 9), Deshayes, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1853. . Brit. Mus. Cat. of Conchifera, p. 193. 


“V. testA ovato-subquadrata, valde inzequilaterali, compressius- 
culi, antice brevissima, postice late truncata, margine superiore 
inferior parallelo, grisea, longitudinaliter costellata, transversim 


765 


et distante lamellosi; lamellis erectis, tenuibus, latis, in latere 
postico angulum rectum formantibus; lunul’ elongata, angusta, 
irregulariter circumdat’; valvis intds violaceis, in medio flavo- 
rubescentibus, marginibus in medio subcrenulatis ; sinu pallii tri- 
gono, profundo, apice acuto.” 

Whutish-brown on the outside, rich brownish-red inside, radi- 
ately costated, with distant, concentric, erect lamin, which are 
angularly produced at the posterior angle of the shell. 

Mazatlan. 


7. VENERUPIS INsIGNIS (pl. clxiv. f. 5, 6), Deshayes, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1853. 


V. testa irregulari, crassi, tumida, radiatim striati, concentricé 
nregulariter subfoliata, intts rubro-violaced, ad marginem nigres- 
cente, extiis versus marginem aurantia violascente; margine in- 
terno levi. 

A finely coloured irregular shell, which it is just possible may 
be a local variety of V. crenata, with the fringes undeveloped. 

New Zealand, H. vans, R.N. Cuming’s collection. 


8. Vunerupis mivis (pl. clxv. f. 22), Deshayes, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. 1853 (ined.). 

V. testa oblong’ subquadrata, pallida, postice angulata, leviter 
radiatim striati; concentricé laminis paululum elevatis cincta ; 
margine inttis levi. 

Small, oblong-squarish, with regular slightly-raised concentric 
laminee and fine radiating strize. 


9. VENERUPIS DERELICTA (pl. clxiv. f. 16), Deshayes, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 18538 (ined). 


V. elongata, pallida, radiatim striaté, concentricé laminis crenu- 
latis posticé productioribus cinctai; latere postico lato, obliqué 
subquadrato ; latere antico subproducto angustato ; margine ven- 
trali contracto. 

The elongate Modiola-like form may possibly be accidental, ana 
in all other respects this species is ike V. Lrus. 

It is from the Philippines. Cuming. 


10. Vengrvris optonea (pl. clxv. f. 21), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. 1834, p. 46. dw Venerirupis subdecussata, Desh. ? 


V. “testa elongo-elliptica, pallescente ; radiatim costellata ; lined 
dorsali posticd rectiusculd ; lamellis concentricis pluribus ; postice 
levigatis.” 


766 


A pale shell, with numerous radiating strive, and smooth con- 
centric ridges, lamellated at the hinder part. The form resembles 
that of Tapes decussata. 

Pascomayo, Peru. Cuming. 


11. Venervuris Diemenensis (pl. clxiv. f. 11), Quoy, Voy. 
Astr. iii. 535. pl. 84. f. 24, 26. 


V. “testa subtrigona, inflata, crassa, transversim obsoleté striata, 
longitudinaliter plicata; fusco-lutescente, intus violaced.” 

Inside dark purple, outside pale greyish; radiating ribs rather 
broad, crossed by undulating rather distant lamine. 

Van Diemen’s Land. 


12. VENERUPIS FIMBRIATA (pl. clxv. f. 23), Sowerby, jun. 


V. testi ventricosa, pallide fulva, oblongo-subquadrata, radiatim 
planulatim sulcata, concentricé laminis distantibus tenuibus pos- 
tice fimbriatis productis cincta. 

Like V. oblonga, Sowerby, but the concentric lamine are thinner 
and more produced, while the radiating grooves are more distant, 
and the interspaces flat. 

Hab. ? Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


13. VENERUPIS MIRABILIS (pl. clxv. f. 24), Deshayes, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1853. 

V. subquadraté oblonga, tumidd, minute divaricatim striata ; 
concentricé vix laminata, pallid&; intis alba. 

I am half inclined to think this species should have been placed 
with the Tapes. It is remarkable for the zigzag strie, which cover 
the whole surface with an equal texture. 

Monterey, California; Ir. Hartweg. Cuming’s collection. 


14, Vunerupis Corpieri (pl. clxiv. f. 2), Deshayes, Rev. 
Zool. Soc. Cuv. 1839, p. 358. 


“V. testi ovato-transversi, ineequilaterali, inflato-cylindracea, 
transversim eleganter lamellosa; lamellis posticé latis, porrectis, 
in medio attenuatis, anticé evanescentibus ; cardine lato, bidentato ; 
marginibus integris, acutis.” 

This fine solid shell, with thick, broad, erect lamin, is from 
California. We are only able to figure the variety in Mr. Cuming’s 
collection, mentioned by M. Deshayes m the British Museum 
Catalogue. 


15. VENERUPIS PULCHERRIMA (pl. clxv. f. 28), Deshayes, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. (ined.) 


767 


V. testa elongata, posticé quadratd, anticé brevi, acuti, omnino 
pallida, laminis concentricis levibus erectis, posticé latis sub- 
reflexis cinct’i; margine ventrali intus levi. 

Remarkable for the elongate, cylindrical form, and for the broad, 
erect, distant laminze. 

Island of Samar, on rocks at low water. Cuming. 


16. Vuneruris Nurratti (pl. clxiv. f. 10), Conrad (Saxi- 
domus), Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1837. 


V. testa oblonga, tumida, crassi, magna, utrinque hiante, fulva, 
concentricé subundulatim costellata, posticé costellis laminzefor- 
mibus. 

Large, thick, irregularly formed, gaping on both sides, with 
the irregular concentric ridges becoming laminiform at the back, 
but more obsolete in the middle. 

California. 


17. VeNnerveis inTerstTRiAta (pl. elxv. f. 26), Sowerby, jun. 


V. testa rhomboided, alba, posticé pallidé et minuté rubro-lineata, 
angulo postico elevato; margine dorsali truncato, costellis con- 
centricis tenuibus, subdistantibus; striis intermediis minutissi- 
mis. 

This species is of an oblong squarish form, with concentric, 
very thin, and rather distant ribs, and very finely-striated inter- 
stices ; behind the posterior angle the shell is covered with beau- 
tifully reticulated reddish lines. Mr. Hanley possesses the only 
specimen at present known. 


18. Veneruris mnterJecra (pl. clxiv. f. 14), Deshayes, Brit. 
Mus. Cat. Conch. 1853. 


V. testd oblong’ subquadrata pallid’ posticé roseo angulatim 
lineati; antice brevi, posticé angulata ; laminis concentricis acutis, 
subdistantibus ; interstriatis. 

Of an oblong squarish form, with concentric lamina, and fine 
striae in the interstices. If M. Deshayes had seen Mr. Hanley’s 
specimen here figured, he would not have omitted to notice the 
delicate pink pencillings on the posterior side of the shell. 

New Holland. 


19, VenzRupis opesa (pl. clxiv. f. 15), Deshayes, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. 1853 (ined.). 


V. testa tumida brevi, subquadrata, pallida, posticé, intis et ad 
umbones violaced, radiatim striati, concentricé prope marginem 
vix laminati. 


768 


A small, square, tumid species, which has a purple mark at 
the umbones, and is purple within and at the posterior angle, ra- 
diately striated and obscurely laminated near the margin, which 
is smooth. 


Hab. 


20. VenErupis monstrosa (pl. clxiv. f. 13), Chemn. (Venus) 
vu. 50. pl. 42. f. 445, 446. 


V. testi ovata, inzequivalvd, depress, pallida ; anticé et in medio 
decussatim striata, posticé irregulariter concentrict laminata; valve 
dextree laminis valdé exfoliatis et incrassatis. 

Of an oval form, striated longitudinally and concentrically in 
front, irregularly laminated at the back, where the spreading and 
thickening of the lamine in the right valve make it overwrap the 


left. 
Island of Nicobar, Philippines. Cuming. 


P Cuming’s collection. 


21. Venerupis Cuminer (pl. clxiv. f. 12), Deshayes, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1853 (ined.). 


V. testi ovata, extis grised, intis castaned, ineequivalvé, sub- 
depressi, radiatim costellat’é ; concentricé laminis concentricis cre- 
nulatis cincté; valvé dextré laminis ad marginem valde exfoliatis 
valvam sinistram superante ; margine levi. 

Finely sculptured, with radiating ribs and fringed concentric 
lamin ; grey without, and of a reddish-brown within ; ; remarkable 
for the manner in which the left valve is overlapped by the right, 
as in V. monstrosa. 

Hab. ? Cuming’s collection. 


22. Venerupis Curvensis (pl. clxv. f. 29), Deshayes, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 


V. oblongo-quadrati, depress4, alba, posticé angulata, levi, la- 
minis erectis crassiusculis posticé angulatis ad margines exfoliatis 
cinctd, margine dorsali recto excavato, margine ventrali intis 
levi. 

Of an oblong square depressed form, rather inequivalve, poste- 
riorly angulated ; white, with distant, broad, erect, smooth, thick 
laminee. 

Flo-Flo, Island of Panay, Philippines; on rocks at low water. 
Cuming. 


23. VenERUPIS RUGOSA (pl. clxv. f. 25), Deshayes, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. 1853. 


769 


V. testi oblongo-subquadrati inflati, posticé subangulata, pal- 
lida, tts alba, posticé violaced, vel castaned ; costellis concentricis 
undulatis disruptis posticé sublaminatis cincta. 

A tumid shell, with undulating lamine, not unlike the more 
irregular varieties of Zapes perforans. 

Swan River, Dr. Bacon. Cuming’s collection. 


24, VENERUPIS PAUPERCULA (pl. clxv. f. 30), Deshayes, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1853. 


V. test parva, pallidi, oblongo-subquadrata, compressi, con- 
centricé irregulariter subundatim rugifera, posticé truncata, hiante ; 
posticé intis purpureo maculata. 

Small, very pale, of an oblong square, with irregular, rather 
undulating ridges. A small patch of purple in the interior. 

Mazatlan. Cuming. 


25. VENERUPIS sILIQuA (pl. clxv. f. 27), Deshayes, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. 1853. 

V. testa elongata, subquadrata, pallida, postice angulata; levi- 
ter radiatim striatd, concentricé elevatim striata, striis posticé in 
laminas elevatas productas. 

New Zealand. Cuming’s collection. 


: 26. VenrRupIs pLanicosra (pl. clxv. f. 33), Deshayes, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 18538. 


V. testa VY. obese simili, sed compressa, posticé vix angulata. 

The sculpture and posterior colouring of this is so much like 
VY’. obesa, that the distinction must rest on the form of an irre- 
gular shell. 

Mr. Cuming’s collection ; locality unknown. 


27. VENERUPIS TUMIDA (pl. clxv. f. 34, 35), Sowerby, jun. 


V. testa pallidé flavidd, ventricos4, concentricé minute striata ; 
costellis tenuibus subdistantibus cincti; anticé brevi, angusta ; 
posticé subangulaté ; margine dorsali recto, depresso, castaneo. 

A light, inflated, yellowish, small shell, very finely striated be- 
tween rather distant, irregular, thin concentric ridges; it is short 
and narrow in front, wide, rather angular and truncated behind ; 
the dorsal line is depressed, and on one valve has a line of chest- 
nut colour. 

Mr. Hanley’s collection. 


28. VENERUPIS CYLINDRACEA (pl. clxv. f. 36, 37, 38), Des- 
hayes. Petricola cylindracea, Rev. Zool. Soc. Cuv. 1839, p. 358. 


770 


Mag. de Zool. pl. 20. P. Californica, Conrad. P. arcuata, Desh. 
Guer. Mag. Zool. pl. 19. P. subglobosa, Sowerby, Genera, f. 6. 


“ Pet. test& ovato-transversi, ineequilaterali, globoso-cylindraced, 
aliquando abrupte truncata, rufo-grised, transversim irregulariter 
striaté, intis alba’; cardine bidentato, in alterd valv4 unidentato ; 
dentibus obliquis.” 

This shell is surely much more allied to Venerupis than to 
Petricola ; it has only transverse sculpture; it is very irregular, 
and sometimes very much attenuated at the hinder end. 

California. 


SPECIES NOT IDENTIFIED. 


V. nucleus, Lamk., Anim. s. vert. 
V. distans, Lams, Anim. s. vert. 


LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CLXIV. AND CLXV. 
(The Figure after the Name refers to the number of the Species.) 


Pirate CLXIV. Pirate CLXV. 
Fig. Fig. 
1. V. rus, Linn. 1. 20. V. macrophylla, Des. 2. 
2. — Cordieri, Des. 14. 21. — oblonga, Sowd. 10. 
3. (Pet. elliptica.) 22. — mitis, Des. 8, 
4. V. Carditoides, Lam. 4. 23. — fimbriata, Sowd. 12. 
5, 6. — insignis, Des. 7. 24. — mirabilis, Des. 13. 
7. — exotica, Han. 3. 25. — rugosa, Des. 23. 
8, 9. — foliacea, Des. 6. 26. — interstriata, Sowd. 17. 
10. — Nuttallii, Con. 16. 27. — siliqua, Des. 25. 
11. — Diemenensis, Quwoy, 11. 28. — pulcherrima, Des. 15. 
12. — Cumingi, Des. 21. 29. — Chinensis, Des. 22. 
13. — monstrosa, Chemn. 20. 30. — paupercula, Des. 24. 
14. — interjecta, Des. 18. 31, 32. — Irus, var. ? Linn. 1. 
15. — obesa, Des. 19. 33. — planicostata, Des. 26. 
16. — derelicta, Des. 9. 34, 35. — tumida, Sowd. jun. 27. 
17. (Pet. solidula.) 36-38. — cylindracea, Des. 28. 


18,19. V. crenata, Zam. 5. 


iret 


MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS 
PETRICOLA. 


Fam. Veneridee. 


Char. Gen. Testa eequivalvis, inequilateralis, oblonga, plerumque 
irregularis ; impressionibus muscularibus duabus; pallii impres- 
sione sinu elongato; dentibus cardinalibus duobus arcuatis pro- 
ductis, compressis ; ligamento externo, brevi. 

It is not easy, with any degree of consistency, to distinguish 
the species of Petricola from those of Venerupis. As a rule, the 
Petricole incline to taper off posteriorly, while they are round and 
full in front; generally their radiating ribs are more conspicuous 
than the concentric striz or lamine; whereas in Venerupis the 
lamine are most prominent, particularly at the back of the shell. 
On the whole the species of tle two genera, as here placed, catch 
the eye as forming two tolerably distinct groups. ; 

The most doubtful species are P. ed/iptica and P. solida, which 
I have inadvertently admitted in the plates of both genera. In 
general appearance they incline most to the genus Petricola. 


1. Perricota PHOLADIFORMIS (pl. clxvi. f. 1), Lamarck, An. 
s. vert. v. 505, no. 11. 


Pet. testa oblonga candida cylindraced, anticé brevissima, costis 
validis subquadratis, crebré serratis, distantibus radiaté, posticé 
attenuata, costis obliquis parvis, distantibus, versus extremitatem 
subobsoletis. 

Oblong, cylindrical, very like a Pholas, with very thick, distinct, 
serrated ribs in front, which become smaller towards the hinder 
part of the shell, where they sometimes become almost obliterated. 

North America. 


2. Prrricota serrata (pl. elxvi. f. 11), Deshayes, Pro. Zool. 


Soc. 1858. 
5 H 


772 


Pet. testa P. pholadiformi simih, sed costellis anticis vix elevatis, 
interruptis, acute serratis. 

The front ribs are here reduced imto radiating rows of sharp 
points; still I doubt greatly whether this may not be a mere 
varietal distinction. 

New Zealand. Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


3. Perricota GRACILIs (pl. elxvi. f. 12), Deshayes, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. 1853. 

Pet. testa P. pholadiformi simili sed longé graciliore, costellis 
anticis vix elevatis, acuté serratis, posticé attenuata, strus subob- 
soletis. 

Sculptured like P. serrata, but more finely; a much lighter 
and elongated shell than either it or P. pholadiformis, still very 
doubtful. 

Hab. 


P Cuming’s collection. 


4, PrrRicoLa CULTELLUS (pl. clxvi. f. 2, 5), Deshayes, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1853. 


Pet. testa elongato-angusti, transversd pholadiformi lateraliter 
compressiusculd inferno convexo-arcuato; anticé brevi posticéque 
obtusi, hiante albo squalidé rufescente longitudinaliter squamulis 
fornicatis exasperatis ; striis in medio posticéyue tenuibus, undu- 
losis striis incrementi irregularibus interruptis ; umbonibus tumi- 
dulis approximatis levigatis, valvis intis candidissimis; sinu 
pallu elongato, angusto, apice obtuso. 

The form is similar to that of P. pholadiformis ; it has rather 
sharp serrated ridges in front; it is rather depressed, of a very 
pale fawn-colour, and has the ventral margin rather rounded. 

Ceylon. Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


5. Prerricona pactryius (pl. clxvi. f. 4), Sowerby, Gen. of 
Shells, f. 3. 


Pet. test& inflata, ovali pallidé grisea, intts alba, anticé brevi, 
subacuminati planulatim costellaté, medio tumida, costellis latio- 
ribus, indé subcontracti, costellis numerosis, cancellatis, posticé 
attenuata subtruncatad concentricé striata, striis radiantibus obso- 
letis. 

A very tumid pholadiform shell, differmg from P. nivea in 
being much stronger, and having the short front side almost ros- 
trated, the middle tumid, and the back contracted. The sculp- 
ture is in flattened ridges to about the middle, then sharper and 
more numerous, then lost at the back. 

South America. 


773 


6. Parricota penticuxara (pl. clxvi. f. 6, 7), Sowerby, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 47. P. ventricosa, Deshayes, B. M. 


“Pet. test oblong’, pholadiformi, extis pallescente, intus ad 
extremitates fusco-nigricante tinct’; anticé subrostrati, postice 
rotundaté; line’ dorsali rectiusculd, ventrali subprominuld, om- 
nino radiatim sulcaté et concentricé striata, striis anticé sublamel- 
losis denticulatis.” 

Much narrower than P. dactylus, more rostrated in front, with 
the radiating ribs continued quite to the back. Inside brown at 
both ends. 

Payti, Peru. Cuming. 


7. Perricona Nivea (pl. elxvi. f. 13, 14), Chemn., “ Mytilus 
niveus,” Conch. vill. 154. pl. 82. f. 734. P. rugosa, Sowerby, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834. p. 47. P. fornicata, Say, Journ. Acad. 
Nat. Sei. Phil. 1.314? P. tenuis, Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834, 
p- 47. P. gibba, Middend. ? 


Pet. testé oblonga, pholadiformi, alba, ventricosd, radiatim cos- 
tellata, costellis serratis anticé pauld, posticé multd fortioribus 
margine ventrali anticé rotundato posticS subcontracto, cardine 
dentibus nonnunquam subobsoletis. 

The serrated ribs of this cylindrical species are strongest at the 
hinder part of the shell, and thinnest in the centre. 

Nicobar, Chemnitz. Chili and Peru, Cuming. 


8. Perricona conctnna (pl. elxvi. f. 3), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. 1834, p. 46. 


Pet. test’ oblonga, pholadiformi, albicante ; concentricé costel- 
lati; anticé rotundata, radiatim sulcatéi dorso declivi, alterius 
valve lamell& leevigati ; posticé acuminatiusculd, costellis concen- 
tricis lamellosis confertis. 

Like P. pholadiformis in shape, with radiating serrated ribs in 
front, and regular concentric lamine, commencing in the middle 
and widening at the back. 

Monte Christi; found in hard clay at low water. Mr. Cuming’s 
collection. 


9. Prrricona ELEGANS (pl. clxvi. f. 8), Deshayes (Venerupis), 
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853. 


V. testi elongaté ovali inflata, pallida, radiatim leviter striata, 
anticé subacut’; posticé subtruncata; laminis concentricis anticé 
et in medio, subduplicatis posticé tenuibus productioribus; lunula 
tumida; margine dorsali, recti, impress. 


7174 


Tlus date-shaped shell is lightly striated between the lamine, 
which are duplicate excepting at the back, where they are broad, 
thin, and single. 

Hab. P Cuming’s collection. 


10. Perricora exLiiptica (pl. elxvi. f. 10), Sowerby, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 46. 


“V. test’ ovato-ellipticé, rufescente-albidi; radiatim costata, 
posticé levi; lamellis concentricis sparsis; lunuld anticd dis- 
tincta.” 

With something of the general form and radiating ridges of 
Petricola, it has the concentric ridges of the Venerupes ; between 
the ribs it is smooth behind. 

Found in hard mud at low water; Payti, Peru. Cuming. 


11. Purricota sonra (pl. clxvi. f. 9), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. 1834, p. 46. 


V. “testi subgloboso-ellipticd, pallescente umbonibus extremi- 
tatibusque ambabus fusco-violaceis ; radiatim costata, posticé leevi- 
gata; lineis incrementi nonnunquam sublamellosis posticé magis 
eminentibus.” 

Although this shell is more solid, ventricose, and rounded than 
V. elliptica, | more than suspect it is but a variety of that species. 

Found in hard clay and stones at low water at Lambeyeque, in 
Peru. Cuming. 


12. Parricota tirnopHaca (pl. clxvi. f. 18, 19), Retzius 
(Venus), Trans. Turin. P. striata, Zam., An. s. vert. ed. 2. vol. 
vi. p. 158. Mya decussata, Zurt. P. costellata, Lam. ib. P. 
roccellaria, Lam. ib. P.ruperella, Lam. ib. Venerupis petricola, 
Blainv. Spheeria deeussata, Turt. 


Pet. testa irregulari, ineequilatera, anticé brevi, rotundata, pos- 
tice aperté oblique attenuata, striis radiantibus anticé tenuibus pos- 
ticé validioribus. 

The varieties included in the above synonyms differ from each 
other in the lightness or solidity of the shell, in the strength of 
the ribs, and m shape; but they are all short in front, and ob- 
liquely taper off at the base, where the radiating strie are streng- 
thened. The following five species appear to differ more essen- 
tally. 

Britain. 


13. Perricona rypica (pl. clxvi. f. 21), Jonas, Mollusc. Beitr. 
DieeraDin le toad 


775 


Pet. testi P. robuste simili, sed tenuiore, striis radiatis gra- 
datim crescentibus ; omnino alba. 

Almost as globose as P. robusta, but without any colour, and 
lighter, with the ribs more gradually increasing in size and dis- 


tance towards the back. 
Island of St. Thomas. 


14. Prrricota rosusta (pl. clxvi. f. 16, 17), Sowerby, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1834. f. 4. 


“ Pet. test rotundato-subtrigona, gibbosi, solidiusculd; extts 
rufescente-fuscd, intus nigricante; radiatim costata, costis anticis 
tenuioribus confertioribus, posticis altioribus ; interstitiis omnibus 
exilissimé decussatim striatis; latere antico rotundato, postico 
subacuminato ; margine dorsali declivi.” 

Of a dull orange tint, with purple at the apices and blackish 
inside, rather thick, very globose in front, tapering behind, where 
the valves are unequal, the right valve shghtly overwrapping. 
The radiating striz are distant, numerous, and close in front, but 
towards the back become separated, strong, acute; the hinder 
ones of all are a little smaller, serrated, and their ends form a 
denticulated edge. 

In rocks, six to eleven fathoms, at Panama. Cuming. 


15. Perricota srpartira (pl. clxvi. f. 20), Deshayes, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1853. 


“ Pet. testa elongata subtrigoné, anticé turgidd, obtusd, brevi, 
posticé attenuata, subangulata, cuneiformi, intus extusque candi- 
dissima, longitudinaliter striata ; striis in latere antico multo tenuio- 
ribus divisis, divaricatis, irregulariter inter se conjunctis, in medio 
regularibus, sensim in latere postico crassioribus ; valvis tenuibus, 
dentibus cardinalibus inequalissimis, uno in utraique valvé magno 
robusto; sinu pallu trigono, basi lato, in medio valvarum posito.” 

Much resembling P. ithophaga, but with the hinder ribs more 
distinct and serrated, and the front ribs divided and diverging. 
It is also less oblique than the British species. 

Island of Samar, Philippines. Cuming. 


16. Perricota Cuinensts (pl. elxvi. f. 15), Deshayes, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1853. 


“Pet. test’ ovato-subtrigona, anticé obtusi, turgidiore, brevi, 
levigati, posticé attenuati, in medio et posticé longitudinaliter 
sulcati, sulcis undulatis convexis interstitiis latioribus, umbonibus 
ininiimis, oppositis, separatis ; ligamento magno crasso ; cardinali- 


7176 


bus dentibus inzequalibus arcuatis; sinu pallii magno, lato, basi 
obliquissimo.” 

Much less oblique than P. lithophaga, more square in front, 
with the umboes flattened in the middle, free from ribs in front, 
while in the middle the riblets have broad interstices, and at the 
back are slightly crenulated. 

Chinese Seas. Cuming. 


17. PerricoLa sEMILAMELLATA (pl. clxvi. f. 23), Lamarck, 
An. s. vert. v. 503. no. 3. 


Pet. testi alba, tenui, obliqué subglobos4, posticé paululum at- 
tenuati, sulcis concentricis minutis irregularibus, posticé subla- 
mellosis. 

A light, obliquely globose, small shell, shaped something like 
P. lithophaga, but with no longitudinal ridges, and very fine con- 
centric ridges, which are lamellated at the back. 


Rochelle. 


18. Prrricota Bicotor (pl. clxvi. f. 22), Sowerby, jun. 


Pet. test ovata, tenui, radiatim minuté striatA utrinque hiante, 
anticé rotundat& brevi posticé oblique subattenuatdé maculé fusca 
trigoné pallida. 

An inflated shell, belonging to the same group with P. Jitho- 
phaga, but equally and finely striated, gapmg at both ends, with 
a triangular patch of pale brown at the back. 

Mr. Hanley’s collection. 


19. Purricora prvaricata (pl. elxvi. f. 24, 25), Chemnitz, 
Conch. pl. 172. f. 1666, 1667. Narinio divaricata, Gray. 


Pet. testa solidi, obliqué subquadrata, alba, intus lutescente, om- 
nino divaricatim striati, antice brevissim4, umbonibus prominenti- 
bus terminalibus, posticé truncaté margine foliaté incrassata. 

Solid, rather obliquely squarish, white, yellowish within, all over 
striated in sharp angles; front side short, with the apex quite 
terminal; hinder side oblong, truncated, with the edge thickened 
and foliated. 

Deshayes gives as localities Indian Ocean and New Holland. 
Mr. Cuming’s specimen is marked “ Red Sea.” 

20. Prrricota tapicrpa (pl. clxvi. f. 26), Chemnitz, Conch. 
pl. 172. f. 1664, 1665. Narinio costata, Gray. 


Pet. testa P. divaricate simili, sed striis divaricatis evanidis, 
posticé costellis validis subdistantibus radiata. 


GE, 


The strong posterior radiating ribs which distinguish this spe- 
cies from the preceding do not commence their formation at an 
early period in the growth of the shell. The general surface 
appears smooth to the eye, but, examined minutely, presents the 
same character of zigzag striation, but much more faint and ob- 
solete. 

Australia. 


PRR rn 


SPECIES NOT IDENTIFIED. 


P. amygdalina, Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834. p. 47. 
P. bidentata, Gray, Annals, p. 25. 

P. costellata, Lamarck, Anim. s. vert. 

P. discors, Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834. p. 46. 

P. flabagella, Lamarck, Anim. s. vert. 


ren 


LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATE CLXVI. 
(The figure after the Name refers to the number of the Species.) 


Fig. Fig. 
1. P. Pholadiformis, Zam. 1. 13, 14. P. nivea, Chem. 7. 
2. — cultellus, Des. 4. 15. — chinensis, Des. 16. 
3. — concinna, Sowd. 3. 16, 17. — robusta, Sowd. 14. 
4, — Dactylus, Sowd. 5. 18, 19. — lithophaga, Rezz. 12. 
5. — cultellus, Des. 4. 20. — bipartita, Des. 15. 
6, 7. — denticulata, Sowd. 6. 21.— typica, Jonas, 13. 
8. — elegans, Des. 9. 22. — bicolor, Sowd. 18. 
9. — solida, Sowd. 11. 23. — semilamellata, Zam. 17. 
10. — elliptica, Sowd. 10. 24, 25. — divaricata, Chem. 19. 
11. — serrata, Des. 2. 26, — lapicida, Chem. 20. 


12. — gracilis, Des. 3. 


778 


MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS 


ASTARTE. 


Fam. Veneride. 


Char. Gen. Testa sequivalvis, suborbicularis, solida, clausa, levis 
seu concentrice costata, epidermide induta; impressionibus mus- 
cularibus ovatis distinctis, impressione palli simplici; cardine 
dentibus duobus, validis, divergentibus, et in alterd valvd uno, 
cum vix secundo; ligamento elongato externo. 

This genus, the Crassina of Lamarck, is distinguished by the 
almost constant presence of a dark chestnut-brown epidermis on 
an otherwise colourless surface, which is generally corroded at the 
apices. ‘The form is flattish, rounded, and more or less ineequi- 
lateral; the impressions are deep, and the pallial scar simple ; 
the inner surface is thickened, so as to produce great solidity in 
advanced specimens; the external ligament is long and tumid; 
the teeth are diverging and strong, two in one valve and one in 
the other, with sometimes a rudimentary second; the inner ven- 
tral margin is sometimes crenated, and sometimes (even in the 
same species ?) smooth. In all the specimens of all the species I 
have examined, excepting perhaps the dubious A. ¢riangularis, 
there is a similarly excavated, elongated, and smooth character in 
the dorsal area and lunule; muscular impressions deep, with the 
pallial line simple. 


1. Asrarre sutcata (pl. clxvii. f. 1, 2,3), Da Costa. Pec- 
tunculus sulcatus, Brit. Conch. p. 192. Crassina Danmoniensis, 
Lamarck, An. s. vert. ed. 2. vol. vi. p. 257. Venus sulcata, Twr?. 
Crassina Scotica, Zurt., Dithyra Brit. p. 130. pl. 11. f. 3, 4. 
Crassina sulcata, Zurt., Dithyra Brit. p. 181. pl. 11. f. 1, 2. 
Astarte Danmoniensis, Sowerby, Genera of Shells, f. 1, 2, 3. 
Venus crassatella, De Blainville. Crassina semisulcata. 


179 


Ast. test subquadrata, compressa, solidi, anticé brevi, postice 
subangulata, subtruncatad; sulcis rotundatis, distinctis, regulari- 
bus; margine crasso, intiis plerumque crenulato. 

to} ) 

Of a squarish form, with regular ribs of medium size and num- 
ber. The margin is generally crenuled, but the variety named 
Crassina Scotica is not so. The name A. Danmoniensis is lost, on 
account of the priority of the specific name su/cata. In this and 
in one or two following species the ribs are frequently nearly ob- 
solete towards the ventral margins and back. 


2. AsTARTE ELLIPTICA (pl. clxvii. f. 4), Brown, Llus. Conch. 
p- 96. pl. 38. f. 3; Hanley, Recent Shells, Suppl. pl. 14. f. 36 ; 
Forbes and Hanley, B. Moll. pl. 30. f. 8. Astarte semisulcata, 
Motler (not Leach). Crassina suleata, Ni/sson, Nov. Act. Holn. 
1822. p. 187. pl. 2. f. 1, 2. Crassina ovata, Brown, Edin. Jour. 
Nat. and Geog. Sci. pl. 1. f. 8, 9. 


Ast. test oblong’, subquadrata, compressi, posticé truncata, 
costellis concentricis posticé et versus margines plerumque obso- 
letis ; margine intus levi, impressionibus muscularibus magnis. 

Like the Scotica variety of swlcata, tt has a smooth inner mar- 
gin; like sw/cata as I understand it, it has the truncated form at 
the posterior side; like all the species of the group, it is some- 
times destitute of ribs on the back and ventral margins. It is 
longer than sw/cata, and (in Mr. Hanley’s specimen) has much 
larger muscular impressions. 

North Europe. 


3. ASTARTE INTERMEDIA (pl. clxvu. f. 11), Sowerby, jun. 


Ast. testi ovali, compressa, lirati, utrinque acutiusculd, liris 
subfrequentibus, nonnunquam prope marginis evanidis; margine 
intus levi. 

My experience in the variations of the genus is hardly sufficient 
to enable me to say whether the distinction now proposed will 
stand, but it seems to me more important than the one between 
subcata and elliptica. A. intermedia differs from both these in 
having the ends rather sharp than rounded or truncated. It dif- 
fers from the American species wndata in having a much larger 
number of ribs. 


North Europe. 


4, Astarre unpata (pl. clxvu. f. 12), Gould, Invert. Mass. 
p. 80. <A. sulcata, duct. Amer. <A. latisulea, Hanley, note, p. 
87. A. Mortoni, Adams, U.S. (ubi?). 


bya 


780 


Ast. test& solid4, oval, costellis magnis subgradiformibus, mar- 
gine dorsali elongato, declivi; margine ventrali intis (semper ?) 
crenulato. 

The ribs are large and step-like, and the hinder dorsal margin 
slopes in a long curve from the apex to the ventral corner. In 
other respects like swécata. In Mr. Cuming’s collection is a spe- 
cimen named Mortont (not fully developed ?), with the ventral 
margin smooth ; but it has so exactly the character of the 4. wn- 
data (which is crenulated) that it must be considered another case 
of Scotica versus sulcata. 

North America. 


5. Asrarre cresricostata (pl. clxvu. f. 10), Fordes, Ann. 
Nat. Hist. vol. xix. p. 98. pl. 9. f. 4. 


Ast. test& compressi, posticé subtruncati, suboblonga, valdé 
ineequilatera, costellis concentricis numerosissimis posticé sub- 
evanidis, margine ints crenulato; impressione pallii propé mar- 
ginem posita. 

The state of the hitherto found specimens is strongly suggestive 
of pleistocene beds; but no such beds have been found near the 
place where A. crebricostata was first found. Only single valves 
(we figure Mr. Hanley’s specimen) have been dredged in deep 
water at Zetland and Skye. 

North Britain. 


6. AsTarTe suBHQUILATERA (pl. clxvu. f. 13), Sowerby, jun. 


Ast. test compressa, subovali, anticé breviuscula, declivi, pos- 
ticé subtruncati, costellis numerosis, distinctis; margine crenato. 

It is not unlike A. erebricostata, but much more equilateral. 
The ribs are not quite so numerous, and the pallial impression is 
not near the ventral margin. 

Mr. Cuming’s collection. Newfoundland. 


7. Astarte Arctica (pl. clxvi. f.17, 18, 20), Gray. Cras- 
sina Arctica, Gray, App. Captain Parry’s Voyage. V. borealis, 
Chemn., Nilsson (not Linn.). Astarte cyprinoides, Duval, Rev. 
Zool.; Hanley, Recent Shells, Suppl. pl. 14. f.40. C. corrugata, 
Brown. A. Japonica, Jay ? 


Ast. test& plerumque ovali, subdepressi, ineequilatera, versus 
apicem et ad medium concentricé irregulariter et obsoleté corru- 
gati ; margine tenui, intts levi. 

After studying for some time a number of specimens, young 
aud old, in various conditions and variously named as above, some 


 % 


781 


thick and tumid, some thinner, flatter, and more elliptical, I came 
to this conclusion, that either each specimen must be a species, 
or that they must all be one. The general smoothness of surface 
towards the margin, the irregular obsolete corrugations near the 
beaks, and the thin margin, and its smooth inside margin being 
alike in all, decided me to adopt the latter alternative, as others 
have done. 
Northern Seas. 


8. AsTarTE semisuLcata (pl. clxvu. f. 16), Leach. Crassina 
semisulcata, Ann. Phil. xiv. f. 204. 


Ast. test& compressi, levi, elongati, prope umbones leviter 
concentricé sulcatéi; margine interno levi. 

If this shell, which I have from Mr. Hanley, be the true C. 
semisutcata of Leach, it will occupy the same position with regard 
to A. Arctica as A. elliptica does to A. sulcata, its chief distine- 
tion being its great elongation of form. 

North Seas. 


9. AstarTE LactEa (pl. clxvu. f. 21, 22, 23), Broderip, 
Zool. Journ. iv. p. 865. 


Ast. “testa obovati, compressa, anticé breviore; margine dor- 
sali postico depresso ; intis lacted, marginibus integerrimis.” 

Like 4. Arctica, but with strong and regular costelle near the 
apices. The epidermis is often, when fully developed, very thick 
and black, and the shell very white within; margins smooth. The 
species is subject to the same variation as the last. 

North Europe. 


10. Astarre oBLonGaA (pl. clxvu. f. 19), Sowerby, jun. 


Ast. testa inflata, oval, tenui, anticé et ad medium concentricé 
minute liraté, posticé longiore, tenuistriata ; cardine angusta ; mar- 
gine ventrali crenato. 

An oval, rather light, inflated shell, with numerous small con- 
centric ridges commencing on the anterior side, and dying out a 
little past the middle, the hinder side being nearly smooth or 
slightly striated. The lunule and dorsal area are impressed as 
usual, and of a distinct chestnut-colour compared to the rest of 
the epidermis, which is light olive. Inside white; hinge thin, 
margin arcuated., 

Hab. P Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


11. Astarre Banxsu (pl. clxvu. f. 8), Leach, Ross Voy. 


782 


App.; Gray, Zool. Beech. pl. 44. f. 10. Ast. pulchella, Jonas, 
Phil. Abbild. Ast. tab. 1. f. 12? 

Ast. test’ inflaté, cordato-rotundata, altd, creberrimé liraté ; 
margine intts levi. 

A small cordate species, with very numerous regular ribs, like 
A. compressa, but more inflated, more cordate, the ribs more dis- 
tinct and regular, and the lunule and dorsal area more defined and 
excavated. 

Greenland. 


12. Asrartrs compressa (pl. clxvu. f. 6, 7), Montagu. Ve- 
nus compressa, Test. Brit. Suppl. p. 43. pl. 26. f. 1. V. Mon- 
tagui, Dillwyn, Recent Shells. Cyprina compressa, Turt. As- 
tarte striata, Gray, App. Beech. Voy. pl. 44. f£. 9. A. multicosta, 
Macgillivray, Ph. Abbild. Ast. tab. 1. f. 8? 


Ast. test’ subtrigon’, compressi, plerumque altiore, concen- 
tricé minute liraté, ris nonnunquam medio et ad marginem ven- 
tralem obsoletis ; margine intis levi; epidermide tenui, olivacea. 

Rather trigonal, sometimes even higher than long, with the 
concentric riblets very minute, and in some cases obsolete. 

Great Britain and Norway. 


13. AstarTe TRIANGULARIS (pl. clxvu. f. 9), Jontagu. 
Mactra triangularis, ‘Test. Brit. p. 99. pl. 38. f. 5. Mactra minu- 
tissima, Mont. Test. Suppl. Goodallia triangularis, Zwrt. Mac- 
trina triangularis, Brown. A. triquetra, if 

Ast. testa parva, trigond, inflata, alta, politi; margine crenu- 
lato. 

More inflated, smaller, and higher from beak to ventral margin, 
than A. quadrans, with the margin finely crenulated. 

North Britain. 


14. Asrarte quaprans (pl. clxvi. f. 5), Goudd, Invert. 
Mass. p. 81. f. 48. 
Ast. testi trigond, compressd, subsequilatera, tenui, levigata, 
seu tenuissimé striat&é; margine intts leevi. 
A small trigonal flattish shell, nearly equilateral and nearly 


smooth. 
North America. 


15. Asrarre casTanna (pl. clxvi. f. 14, 15), Say, Amer. 
Conch. pl. 1 (1830). An Ast. crassidens? Broderip and Sowerby, 
Zool. Journ. (1828, 1829). 


783 


Ast. testa suborbiculari, cordata, obsoletissimé radiatim sulcata, 
levi, vel sulcis concentricis obsoletis ; cardme dente centrali mag- 
no, subcrenato; margine ventrali crenato. 

Smooth, or very obscurely grooved concentrically, and still more 
obscurely radiated, orbicular, heart-shaped, with beaks prominent ; 
central hinge-tooth in one valve, large and ragged, inner margin 
crenated. 

Arctic Seas. 


16. Astartre Fusca (pl. elxvu. f. 24), Poli. Tellina fusca, 
Test. tab. 1. pl. 15. f. 32, 33. A. incrassata, Brocchi, Deshayes, 
ed. Lam. vi. p. 257. 

Ast. testa tumida, crassi, fusca, obscuré rubro radiata, orbicu- 
lari-cordatd, versus umbones rotundatim lirata, posticé subtruncata, 
intus pallidé fusci, margine crenato. 

Tumid, thick, of a dark brown, with sometimes obscure radia- 
tions outside, paler (but still brown) within; the concentric ridges 
are smooth, round, without interstitial spaces, but generally obso- 
lete from the middle to the ventral margin. 

Mediterranean. 


SPECIES NOT IDENTIFIED. 


A. bilunata, Conrad, Jay, Cat. 

A. difficilis, Jay, Cat. Greenland. 

A. levis, Jay, Cat. Greenland. 

A. Montagui, Gray, Turt. 

A. Portlandica, Mighels, Pro. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 


LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATE CLXVII. 
(The Figure after the Name refers to the number of the Species.) 


Fig. Fig. 

1, 2, 3. A. sulcata, Cost. 1. 13. A. subzequilatera, Si0d.7. 6. 
4, — elliptica, Brod. 2. 14, 15. — castanea, Say, 15. 
5.— quadrans, Gould. 14. 16. — semisulcata, Leach, 8. 

6, 7. — compressa, Mont. 12. 17, 18. — Arctica, Gray, 7. 
8. — Banksii, Leach, 11. 19. — oblonga, Sows. jun. 10. 
9. — triangularis, Mont. 13. 20. — Arctica, Gray, 7. 


10. — erebricostata, Fordes, 5. | 21-23. — lactea, Brod. 9. 
11. — intermedia, Sowd. jun. 3. 24. — fusca, Poli, 16. 
12. — undata, Gould, 4. 


784: 


MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS 


CYPRINA. 


Fam. Veneride. 


Chr. Gen. Molluscum acephale ; testi sequivalvi, solida, sub- 
orbiculari, ineequilaterali, epidermide induti; cardine dentibus 
tribus divergentibus centralibus et uno antico sublaterali in utra- 
que valvi; ligamento externo magno; impressionibus musculari- 
bus reniformibus ; pallio impressione integro. 

Like Circe, Astarte, and some species of Venus proper, Cyprina 
has the impression of the mantle entire. It has the hinge of 
Cytherea, a large protuberant ligament, and a thick coating of 
epidermis. 


1. Cyprina Istanpica (pl. clxvin. f. 1, 2, 3), Linn. Syst. 
Nat. ed. 12. p. 1151 (Venus). Cyprina Islandica, Lamarck. 
Cyprina vulgaris, Sowerby, Brown, Reeve, etc. 

Cyp. test’ crassi, ventricosi, ovato-suborbiculari, concentricé 
minuté striata, epidermide fusco induti; ints alb’, margine in- 
tegro. 

“Thick, ventricose, particularly at the hinder part, of an orbi- 
cular form, slightly inclining to oval, wider behind than in front. 
The outside is covered with an epidermis, which, when young, is 
of a light yellowish-brown, and becomes darker and darker with 
age, till it becomes almost black. The inside is white and the 
border quite smooth. Although found in gravelly sand or mud 
in all parts of the British coasts, Cyprina Islandica is characteris- 
tically a Northern mollusc. 


RAR RAPA RADAR Arner” 


EMENDATIONS TO THE MONOGRAPHS OF 
VENERIDA. 


The Editor is indebted for nearly all the following observations 
to his friends M. Deshayes and Mr. Hanley, who also kindly 
favoured him with some others, which he is not quite prepared 
to adopt. M. Deshayes has described some new species in the 
‘Zoological Proceedings’ and in the ‘ British Museum Catalogue ;’ 
but the preparations for the present number were too far advanced 
to admit of their insertion. 


CYTHERAZA. 


C. mnocens, pl. clxin. f. 210. 
C. disrupta, pl. elxui. f. 208, 209. 
C. multistriata, pl. exxxvi. f. 177. 

I have little doubt but these are varieties of the same species, 
which has been previously described by Mr. Hanley as C. 
Gunere. 

C. spathulata, comes from China. 


C. Sinensis should be numbered in Plate cxxxi. 80 and 81, in- 
stead of 79, 80. The right-hand top corner figure should 


be si. 
C. Tellinoidea (76) was previously described by Mr. Hanley as 
C. cor. 
C. Kingu, M. Deshayes is decidedly of opinion that these 
C. Lamarckii species are identical. 


C. corbicula is the Mactroides of Born. 
C. Mactroides is now named Dillwinit by Deshayes. 


C. nitidula (14) is not the true species of Lamarck, but M. 
Deshayes has named it C. Delessertii. 


C. dubia (2) is considered by M. Deshayes to be a variety of C. 
crassatelloides. 


C. elegans (113) was previously named C. pudchra by M. Deshayes. 
C. elliptica (114) should be included in C. calypiga, no. 112. 
C. striata (87) is tumens, Gmel. 


With regard to the difficult identification of C. lusoria, C. im- 
pudica, C. meretrix, C. formosa, and several other species, M. 


786 


Deshayes has not arrived at the same conclusions as Mr. Hanley 

and myself. 

C. Planatella, C. immaculata, and C. elliptica of Lamarck, should 
have been added to the list of species not identified. 


The following species are new, and are figured in Plate CLX VIII. 

Sp. 121. C. grata (pl. clxvii. f. 218), Deshayes. Mr. Cuming’s 
collection. 

Sp. 122. C. planisulcata (pl. elxvii. f. 216), Sowerby, jun. ; like 
C. lyra, but with the ribs flatter and larger in proportion to 
the size of the shell, which is also less oblique. Mr. Hanley’s 
collection. 

Sp. 128. C. albo-dorsata (pl. clxvui. f. 212, 2138), Sowerby, gun. 5 
resembling C. spathulata and C. Simensis, but more pointed 
and less broad at the hinder part. Mr. Hanley’s collection. 

Sp. 124. C. lineolata (pl. elxvii. f. 214, 215), Sowerby, jun. ; 
like C. Venetiana, but having a remarkable livid spot, like 
the commencement of a ray on the anterior side of the apex. 
The lunule and dorsal area are prettily marked with red 
cross lines. Mr. Hanley’s collection. 


Sp. 125. C. simplex (pl. clxvii. f. 217), Sowerby, jun. 


Circe. 
Circe plebeja was previously named C. sulcata, Gray. 


TapEs. 

T. fluctuosa, sp. 74 (Suppl.). Our shell must be differently named, 
as the true 7. fluctuosa of Gould is the shell which we now 
figure (pl. clxvii. f. 167). 

T. rariflamma, sp. 1, is dura, Gmel. 

T. papilionacea, sp. 2, is V. rotunda, Gmel. 

T. rimosa, sp. 11, is U. undulata, Born. 


The following new species are figured in Plate CLX VIII. 

Sp. 76. 2. anatina (pl. elxvii. f. 165, 166), Sowerby, jun. ; 
wrongly named virginea by Philippi. Mr. Hanley’s collec- 
tion. 

Sp. 77. 7. inequalis (pl. elxviii. f. 164), Sowerby, jun. ; so named 
from the unequal strength of its decussated striae. Mr. 
Hanley’s collection. 


187 


VENUS. 
V. rostrata, sp. 42, is from Florida. 


V. histrionica, sp. 32; a more characteristic form is figured in 
pl. clxvii. f. 229, from Mr. Hanley’s collection. 


V. Kochi, sp. 105, is V. paupercula of Chemnitz. 

V. Africana, sp. 106, is floridella of Gray. 

V. flexuosa, sp. 39, is properly V. impressa. 

V. punctifera, sp. 40, is the true /. fleruosa, of which a more 
characteristic variety is figured in pl. elxviu. f. 230. 

V. magnifica, sp. 2, was first so named by Mr. Hanley. 

V. spurca, sp. 49, was previously named /. mesodesma. 

V. crebrisulca, sp. 75, is not the shell so named by Lamarck ; 
M. Deshayes has named it V. Suhesiz. 

The following are new :— 

Sp. 110. V. parva (pl. clxvii. f. 227, 228), Sowerby, jun., like 
V. pygmea, but flatter and more finely decussated; in Mr. 
Hanley’s collection ; from Florida. 


Sp. lll. /. spherisulca (pl. clxvui. f. 231), Deshayes. 


RAR nnn 


LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATE CLXVIII. 
(The Figure after each Name refers to the number of the Species.) 
CYPRINA AND SUPPLEMENTARY VENERID AL. 


Fig. 1, 2,3. Cyp. Islandica, Linn. 
212, 213. Cyth. albodorsata, Sowd. jun. 123. 


214, 215. — _  lineolata, Sowd. jun. 124. 
216. — grata, Desh. 121. 
217. — simplex, Sovwd. jun. 125. 
164. Tapes inzequalis, Sowd. jun. 77. 
165,166. — _ anatina, Sowd. jun. 78. 
167. —  fluctuosa, Sowd. jun. 74. 
227, 228. Venus parva, Sows. jun. 110. 
229. — _histrionica, 32. 
230. — _ flexuosa, Gel. 39. 
231. -——_ spherisulca, Desh. 111. 


Or 


K 


788 


ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SPECIES OF THE GENERA 
VENERUPIS, PETRICOLA, ASTARTE, CYPRINA, 


WITH ADDITIONS AND EMENDATIONS TO THE LIST OF OTHER GENERA 
OF VENERIDE. 


albo-dorsata, Sowd. jun., Cyth. App. sp. 123. pl. 168. f. 212, 213. 
amygdalina, Pet., not identified. 

anatina, Sowd. jun., Tap. App. sp. 76. pl. 168. f. 165, 166. 
Arctica, Gray, Ast. 7. pl. 167. f. 17, 18, 20. 
arcuata, v. Venerup., sp. 28. 

Banksti, Leach, Ast. 11. pl. 167. f. 8. 
bicolor, Sowd. gun., Pet. 18. pl. 165. f. 22. 
bidentata, Pet., not identified. 

bilunata, Con., Ast., not identified. 

bipartita, Ast. Ph. is a Circe. 

bipartita, Desh., Pet. 15. pl. 166. f. 22. 
borealis, Chemn., Ast. Arctica, 7. 

Californica, v. Venerup. sp. 28. 

carditoides, Lamk., Venerup. 4. pl. 164. f. 4. 
castanea, Say, Ast. 15, pl. 167. f. 14, 15. 
Chinensis, Desh., Pet. 16. pl. 166. f. 15. 
Chinensis, Desh., Venerup. 22. pl. 165. f. 29. 
compressa, Mont., Ast. 12. pl. 167. f. 6, 7. 
concinna, Sowd., Pet. 8. pl. 166. f. 3. 

cor, Hail., figured as Cyth. Tedlinoides. 
Cordieri, Desh., Venerup. 14. pl. 164. f. 2. 
cornubiensis, v. Venerup., sp. 1. 

corrugata, Brown, Ast. Arctica. 

costata, v. Petricola, sp. 20. 

costellata, Pet., not identified. 

costellata, v. Petricola, sp. 12. 

crassatella, Ast. sulcata, sp. 1. 

crassidens, Ast. castanea, 15. 


789 


crebricosta, Forbes, Ast. 5. pl. 167. f. 10. 
crenata, Lamk., Venerup. 5. pl. 164. f. 18, 19. 
cultellus, Desh., Pet. 4. pl. 166. f. 2, 5. 
Cumingii, Desh., Venerup. 21. pl. 164. f. 12. 
cylindracea, Desh., Venerup. 28. pl. 165. f. 36, 37, 38. 
cyprinoides, Duval, Ast. Arctica, 7. 

dactylus, Sowd., Pet. 5. pl. 166. f. 4. 
Danmoniensis, Ast. sulcata, sp. 1. 

decussata, v. Venerup. sp. 10. 

decussata, v. Petricola, sp. 12. 

denticulata, Sowd., Pet. 6. pl. 166. f. 6, 7. 
derelicta, Desh., Venerup. 9. pl. 164. f. 16. 
Diemenensis, Quoy, Venerup. 11. pl. 164. f. 11. 
difficilis, Astarte, not identified. 

discors, Pet., not identified. 

distans, Venerup., not identified. 

divaricata, Chemn., Pet. 19. pl. 166. f. 24, 25. 
dura, Gimel., takes precedence of Ven. rariflamma. 
elegans, Desh., Pet. 9. pl. 166. f. 8. 

elliptica, Cyth., not identified. 

elliptica, Brown, Ast. 1. pl. 167. f. 4. 

elliptica, Sowd., Pet. 10. pl. 166. f. 10. 

exotica, Hanl., Venerup. 3. pl. 164. f. 7. 
fimbriata, Sow. jun., Venerup. 12. pl. 165. f. 23. 
flabagella, Pet., not identified. 

flexuosa, Venus, add. f. 280. f. 168. 

fluctuosa, Gould, Tap. pl. 168. f. 167. 

foliacea, Desh., Venerup. 6. pl. 164. f. 8, 9. 
foliatus, v. Venerup. sp. 1. 

fornicata, v. Petricola, sp. 7. 

fusca, Poli, Ast. 16. pl. 187. f, 24. 

gibba, v. Petricola, sp. 7. 

gracilis, Desh., Pet. 3. pl. 166. f. 12. 

grata, Desh., Cyth. App. sp. 121. 

Guneri, Hanl., Cyth. pl. 136. f. 177, and pl. 143. f. 208, 9, 10. 
histrionica, Ven. add. f. 229. pl. 168. 
emmaculata, Cyth., not identified. 

incrassata, Ast. fusea, 16. 


790 


inzequalis, Sowd. jun., Tap. App. sp. 77, pl. 168, f. 164. 
insignis, Desh., Venerup. 7. pl. 164. f. 5, 6. 

interjecta, Desh., Venerup. 18. pl. 164. f. 14. 
intermedia, Sowd. jun., Ast. 3. pl. 167. f. 11. 
interstriata, Sowd. jun., Venerup. 17. pl. 165. f. 26. 
Trus, Linn., Venerup. 1. pl. 164. f. 1, and var. pl. 165. f. 31, 32. 
Japonica, Ast. Arctica, 7. 

Jukesii, Desh., by error, Ven. crebrisulca. 

lactea, Brod., Ast. 9. pl. 167. f. 21, 22, 28. 

lapicida, Chemn., Pet. 20. pl. 166. f. 26. 

latisulca, Ast. undata, 3. 

levis, Ast., not identified. 

lineolata, Sowd. jun., Cyth. App. sp. 124. pl. 168, f. 212. 213. 
lithophaga, Retz., Pet. 12. pl. 166. f. 18, 19. 
macrophylla, Desh., Venerup. 2. pl. 165. f. 20. 
mesodesma, takes precedence of V. spurca. 

minutissima, Ast. triangularis, 13. 

mirabilis, Desh., Venerup. 13. pl. 165. f. 24. 

mitis, Desh., Venerup. 8. pl. 165. f. 22. 

Montagui, Ast., not identified. 

monstrosa, Chemn., Venerup. 20. pl. 164. f. 13. 
Mortoni, Ast. undata, 3. 

multicosta, Ast. compressa, 12. 

nivea, Chemn., Pet. 7. pl. 166. f. 13, 14. 

nucleus, Venerup., 2ot identified. 

Nuttallii, Conrad, Venerup. 16. pl. 164. f. 10. 

obesa, Desh., Venerup. 19. pl. 164. f. 15. 

oblonga, Sowerby, Venerup. 11. pl. 165. f. 21. 

oblonga, Sowd. jun., Ast. 10. pl. 167. f. 19. 

ovata, Ast. elliptica, 2. 

parva, Sowd. jun., Ven. sp. 110. App. pl. 168. f. 227, 228. 
paupercula, Chemn., takes precedence of V. Kochii, Ph. 
paupercula, Desh., Venerup. 24. pl. 165. f. 30. 
Petricola, v. P. lithophaga, sp. 12. 

Pholadiformis, Zamk., Pet. 1. pl. 166, f. 1. 

planatella, Cyth., not identified. 

planicosta, Desh., Venerup. 26. pl. 165. f. 33. 
planisulcata, Sowd. jun., Cyth, App. sp. 122. 


791 


Portlandica, Ast., not identified. 

pulchra, Desh., Cyth. elegans, dy error. 

pulcherrima, Desh., Venerup. 15. pl. 165. f. 28. 
quadrans, Gould, Ast. 14. pl. 167. f. 5. 

robusta, Sowerby, Pet. 14. pl. 166. f. 16, 17. 
roccellaria, v. Petricola, sp. 12. 

rotunda, Gmel., takes precedence of Ven. papilionacea, 2. 
rugosa, V. Petricola, sp. 7. 

rugosa, Desh., Venerup. 23. pl. 165. f. 25. 

ruperella, v. Petricola, sp. 12. 

Scotica, Ast. sulcata, sp. 1. 

semilamellata, Lamh., Pet. 17. pl. 166. f. 23. 
semisulcata, Leach, Ast. 8. pl. 167. f. 16. 
semisulcata, Ast. sulcata, sp. 1, Ast. elliptica, sp. 2. 
serrata, Desh., Pet. 2. pl. 166. f. 11. 

serrata, V. Venerup., sp. 5. 

solida, Sowd., Pet. 11. pl. 166. f. 9. 

spheerisulea, Desh., Ven. sp. 111. App. pl. 168. f. 231. 
siliqua, Desh., Venerup. 25. pl. 165. f. 27. 

simplex, Sowd. jun., Cyth. App. sp. 125. pl. 168. f. 217. 
striata, Ast. compressa, 12. 

striata, v. Petricola, sp. 12. 

subeequilatera, Sowd. jun., Ast. 6. pl. 167. f. 13. 
subglobosa, v. Venerup., sp. 28. 

sulcata, Costa, Ast. 1. pl. 167. f. 1, 2, 3. 

suleata, Gray, by error, Cyth, plebeja. 

tenuis, v. Petricola, sp. 7. 

triangularis, Mont., Ast. 13. pl. 167. f. 9. 

triquetra, Ast. triangularis, 13. 

tumens, Gmel., Cyth. striata, by error. 

tumida, Sow, jun., Venerup. 27. pl. 165. f. 34, 35. 
typica, Jonas, Pet. 18. pl. 166. f. 21. 

undata, Gould, Ast. 4. pl. 167. f. 12. 

undulata, Born, takes precedence of Ven. rimosa, 11. 
ventricosa, v. Petricola, sp. 5. 

vulgaris, Cyprina Islandica, 1. 


793 


MONOGRAPHS OF THE GENERA 


EULIMA, NISO, LEIOSTRACA, OBELISCUS, 
PYRAMIDELLA, AND MONOPTYGMA. 


By ARTHUR ADAMS, Surcxon, R.N., F.L.S., prc. 


Genus EULIMA, Risso. 


Tongue unarmed; tentacles simple, subulate, eyes sessile at 
their outer bases; mantle enclosed, with a rudimentary siphonal 
fold; foot linguiform, produced in front, with a bilobed mentum, 
operculigerous lobe developed, at the sides, into even-edged, un- 
equal expansions or lobes. 

Operculum horny, ovate, subspiral. 

Shell elongated, white, smooth, polished ; spire produced, many- 
whorled, frequently with an interrupted varix on one side, apex 
acute; aperture oval, pointed behind, inner lip reflexed over the 
pillar ; axis imperforate ; outer lip thickened internally. 

Syn. Pasithea, J. Lea ; Polyphemopsis, Portlock ; Balcis, Leach. 


1. Eurima porrra (pl. clxix. f. 1), Lenn. (Helix), Syst. Nat. 
ed. 12, p.1241. Strombiformis albus, Costa. Turbo albus, Donov. 
Turbo politus, Zt. Rissoa Bosci, Payr. Phasianella polita, 
Hem. Melania Boscu, Phd. Hulima Anglica, Sow. Conch. Ic. 
fig. 5. 

E. testa elongato-turrita, solida, eburned, nitidissima ; anfracti- 
bus angustis, planis, contiguis; aperturd minima, ovata, superné 
acuminata. 

Hlongately turreted, solid, white, subopaque, polished ; whorls 


narrow, flattened; aperture small, ovate, acuminate posteriorly. 
British Islands, etc. (Mus. Cuming.) 


2. Hurrma vistorva (pl. clxix. f. 6), Deshayes, Desc. des 
Coq. Foss. de Paris. Melania distorta, P77. Moll. Sicil. vol. i. 
pelos. pl, Oi. 10: 


794 


EK. test& minima, elongato-subulati, distort4, mitidissima, pel- 
lucid’; anfractibus planulatis, contiguis ; apertura lanceolata. 

Hlongately subulate, polished, semipellucid, distorted ; whorls 
flattened ; aperture lanceolate. 

Sicily, Britain, etc. (Mus. Cuming.) 


3. Hurma masor (pl. clxix. f. 8, 4), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. 1834; Conch. Illustr. ff. 1, 1*, 1**. 


E. testi acuminato-pyramidali, opaci, lacteé ; anfractibus con- 
vexiusculis ; aperturd ovato-acuta, basi dilataté; labro arcuato. 

Elongated, turriculate, inflexed, white, smooth, opaque ; whorls 
convex, narrow, numerous ; aperture oval-oblong, acute posteriorly ; 
outer lip simple, obtuse, arcuated. 


Tahiti. (Mus. Cuming.) 


4, Huta nastata (pl. clxix. f. 7, 8), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. 1834; Conch. Ilustr. f. 10. 


E. testi breviusculd, alb’, prope apicem testacei; apertura 
ovati, margine laterali anticoque subangulatis. 

Whorls flattened, the first opaque and yellowish, the last white 
and diaphanous, the last whorl subangular; aperture small, oval, 
pointed posteriorly. 

Sancta Elena. (Mus. Cuming.) 


5. Kura arricurata (pl. clxix. f. 15), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. 
Soe. 1834; Conch. Llustr. f. 12. 


E. test’ acuminato-pyramidali, alba, fusco articulaté et marmo- 
raté; anfractibus subrotundatis, varicibus subprominulis ; labio 
externo crassiusculo. 

Acuminately pyramidal, white, articulated and marbled with 
fuscous ; whorls roundish; varices rather prominent; outer lip a 
little thickened. 

Shores of Australia. (Mus. Cuming.) 


6. Hurima suBpaneurara (pl. clxix. f. 11, 12), Sowerdy, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1834; Conch. Llustr. f. 3. 


EK. testi acuminato-pyramidali, tenui, opaci, albi; anfractu 
ultimo anticé subangulato. 

Acuminately pyramidal, thin, opaque, white; last whorl ante- 
riorly somewhat angulated. 

Indian Ocean. (Mus. Cuming.) 


7. Eutut1a pusizia (pl. clxix. f. 9, 10, 21), Sowerby, Pro. 


795 


Zool. Soc. 1834; Conch. Ilustr. f. 6. Eulima Jamaicensis, C. 
B. Adams. 


E. test’ acuminato-pyramidali, tenui, hyalina, alb’;; anfractibus 
longiusculis ; apertura ovali, posticé coarctato-acuminata. 

Straight, subulate, thin, white, transparent ; whorls slightly con- 
vex; aperture elong gate. oval, pointed posteriorly. 

Sancta Elena. (Mus. Cuming.) 


. Evra Martini (pl. clxix. f. 6), 4. Adams. 


ne testa subulato-pyramidali, alba, solida, polita, apice flexuosa ; 
anfractibus numerosis, planulatis, varicibus impressis, continuis, 
ad latus dextrum usque ad apicem extendentibus, anfractu ultimo 
subangulato; apertura ovali; labio anticé incrassato et reflexo ; 
labro in medio producto. 

Acuminately pyramidal, white, solid; whorls numerous, flat- 
tened, with a continuous varix at the right side, last. whorl rather 
angulated ; ; Inner lip expanded and thickened anteriorly ; outer lip 
sinuous, produced in the middle. 

China Sea, Capt. Martin. (Mus. Cuming.) 


9. Huta sorrpura (pl. clxix. f. 13), Adams et Reeve. 
Zool. Voy. Sam. Moll. p. 53. pl. 11. f. 27. 


K. testa abbreviato-turritd, solidula, tortuos4, varicosi ; anfrac- 
tibus novem ad decem, convexis; apertura parva, eburned. 

Solid, opaque, white, tortuous, with irregular varices; whorls 
convex, nine to ten; aperture small. 

China Sea. 


10. Evrima tortvuosa (pl. clxix. f. 14), Adams et Reeve, 
Zool. Voy. Sam. Moll. p. 53. pl. 11. f. 26. 


E. testa tortuosi, acuminata ; anfractibus duodecim ad quatuor- 
decim, plano-contiguis, obliqué varicosis; apertura parviuscula, 
eburnea, infra suturas obscuré lineata. 

Tortuous, acuminated ; whorls twelve to fourteen, flattened, with 
oblique varices ; aperture small, white, opaque, obscurely lineated 
beneath the sutures. 


China Sea. 


11. Eurima pyramrpatts (pl. clxix. f. 16), 4. Adams. 


EK. testé subulato-pyramidali, alba, nitidd, subpellucidd ; anfrac- 
tibus decem, planulatis, lined impress4, prope suturas, instructis ; 
anfractu ultimo subangulato ; apertura oblongo-ovali; labro mar- 
gine in medio subproducto. 


Or 


L 


796 


White, shining, subpellucid ; whorls ten, flattened, with an im- 
pressed line near the sutures, last whorl somewhat angulated ; 
aperture oblong-oval; outer lip with the margin rather produced 
in the middle. 

Isle of Capul; on the reefs, in sand, low water. H.C. (Mus. 
Cuming.) 


12. Eutma niriputa (pl. clxix. f. 18), 4. Adams. 


KE. testa subulato-turrita, albida, solidi, subopacd; anfractibus 
undecim, planulatis, ultimo rotundato, anticé subproducto ; aper- 
turd oblongé ; labio anticé subreflexo. 

Subulately turreted, white, solid, rather opaque ; whorls eleven, 
flattened, the last rounded; aperture oblong, anteriorly somewhat 
produced ; inner lip anteriorly subreflexed. 

Singapore; coarse gravel and sand, twelve fathoms. (Mus. 
Cuming.) 


13. Eurima Fiexvosa (pl. clxix. f. 22), 4. Adams. 


E. testé subulato-turrita, flexuosa, alba, solid’, subopacd; an- 
fractibus quindecim, planulatis, lined impressi subpellucidd ad su- 
turas, anfractu ultimo rotundato ; apertura oblonga ; labro margine 
flexuoso, in medio producto. 

Subulately turreted, flexuous, white, solid, subopaque; whorls 
fifteen, flattened, with a subpellucid impressed line at the sutures, 
last whorl rounded; aperture oblong ; outer lip with the margin 
flexuous and produced in the middle. 


Hab. P (Mus. Cuming.) 


14. Kurma terostoma (pl. clxix. f. 23), 4. Adams. 


E. test& subulato-turrita, recté, albidd, mitida, subpellucida ; 
anfractibus duodecim, planulatis, lined impressi infra suturas, 
anfractu ultimo rotundato; apertura oblongo-ovali, anticé pro- 
ducté; labio rectiusculo, anticé reflexo; labro margine in medio 
dilatato. 

Straight, white, shining, rather pellucid; whorls twelve, flat- 
tened, with an impressed line beneath the sutures, last whorl 
rounded; aperture oblong-oval, anteriorly produced; imner lip 
rather straight, reflexed anteriorly ; outer lip with the margin di- 
lated in the middle. 

Feejee Islands; on coral reefs, low water. (Mus. Cuming.) 


15. Eviima opessuta (pl. clxix. f. 34), 4. Adams. 


E. testa pyramidato-ovali, alba, nitida, solida, opacd; anfractibus 


197 


sex, convexis, anfractu ultimo rotundato ; aperturi oblongo-ovali ; 
labro margine incrassato, nec marginato aut reflexo. 

Pyramidately oval, white, shining, solid, opaque; whorls six, 
convex, the last rounded; aperture oblong-oval; outer lip with 
the margin thickened, but not marginate or reflexed. 

Gindulman, isle of Bohol; in soft mud, eight fathoms. H. C. 
(Mus. Cuming.) 


16. Evia cusprpata (pl. clxix. f. 33), 4. Adams. 


E. testé subulato-pyramidali, albida, solidd, recta; anfractibus 
duodecim, convexiusculis, anfractu ultimo rotundato; apertura 
oblongo-ovali; labio anticé calloso, subrecto ; labro acuto. 

Subulately pyramidal, whitish, solid, straight; whorls twelve, 
rather convex, the last rounded ; aperture oblong-oval; inner lip 
anteriorly callous, rather straight ; outer lip acute. 

Sibonga, island of Zebu; on loose coral, under stones, low 
water. H.C. (Mus. Cuming.) 


17. Evia acura (pl. clxix. f. 29, 30), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. 1834. 


E. testé aciculato-turrita, albidd, rect’, subopaci; anfractibus 
duodecim, planiusculis, ultimo rotundato ; apertura oblonga, anticé 
subreflexd ; labio subincrassato ; labro margine recto. 

Aciculate, white, straight, rather opaque; whorls twelve, flat- 
tened, the last rounded; aperture oblong, anteriorly subreflexed ; 
inner lip thickened ; outer lip with the margin straight. 

Sual, Province of Cangisanan, island of Luzon; sandy mud, 
seven fathoms. H.C. (Mus. Cuming.) 


18. Huttma porcettana (pl. clxix. f. 25), 4. Adams. 


E. testa subulat4, alba, solida, opaci, apice subflexuoso ; anfrac- 
tibus planulatis, tredecim ad quatuordecim, varicibus impressis, 
irregularibus, lateralibus ; apertura oblongo-ovali; labio anticé cal- 
loso, vix reflexo ; labro margine in medio dilatato. 

Subulate, white, solid, opaque, apex rather flexuous; whorls 
flattened, thirteen to fourteen, with irregular lateral varices ; 
aperture oblong-oval ; inner lip anteriorly callous, slightly reflexed ; 
outer lip with the margin dilated in the middle. 

Hab. P (Mus. Cuming.) 


19. Kurima Granois (pl. clxix. f. 24), A. Adams. 


K. testa subulato-pyramidali, alba, solidi, opacd, flexuosd; an- 
fractibus quindecim, planiusculis, varicibus lateralibus continuis 


198 


instructis, anfractu ultimo angulato; apertura obliqua, oblongo- 
ovali; labio anticé calloso; labro margine flexuoso, anticé subreflexo. 

Subulately pyramidal, white, solid, opaque, flexuous; whorls 
fifteen, flattened, with continuous lateral varices, the last whorl 
angulated ; aperture oblique, oblong-oval ; inner lip anteriorly cal- 
lous; outer lip with the margin flexuous, anteriorly subreflexed. 

Island of Burias; coral sand, seven fathoms. H.C. (Mus. 
Cuming.) 


20. Euttma mMopicetta (pl. clxix. f. 27, 28), 4. Adams. 


i. testa subulato-pyramidali, albé, semipellucida, flexuosi; an- 
fractibus undecim, planulatis, varicibus lateralibus, continuis, in- 
structis, anfractu ultimo, m medio vix angulaté; apertura ovali, 
columella anticé subrecta ; labro antice producto. 

Subulately pyramidal, white, semipellucid ; whorls eleven, flat- 
tened, with continuous lateral varices, the last whorl slightly an- 
gulated in the middle; aperture oval; columella anteriorly some- 
what straight ; outer lip anteriorly produced. 

Island of Zebu; sandy mud, seven fathoms. H.C. (Mus. 
Cuming.) 


21. Huta Cuminer (pl. clxix. f. 26), 4. Adams. 


Li. testé subulato-turrita, alba, recta, solidé, opacd; anfractibus 
tredecim, convexiusculis, varicibus irregularibus, impressis, in- 
structis, anfractu ultimo rotundato, apertura oblongo-ovali ; labio 
anticé incrassato calloso; labro recto. 

Subulately turreted, white, straight, solid, opaque; whorls thir- 
teen, rather convex, with irregular longitudinal varices, last whorl 
rounded ; aperture oblong-oval ; inner lip anteriorly thickened and 
callous ; outer hip simple. 

Lord Hood’s Island, South Seas; on Avicula margaritifera. 
H.C. (Mus. Cuming.) 


22. Kura tora (pl. clxix. f. 19), C. B. Adams, Shells of 
Panama, p. 198. 


E. testa subulata, levi, nitente, Imei microscopicé impressi, 
supra lineam lacted; infra lineam diaphana, apice subacuta ; spira 
valdé arcuati; anfractibus decem, subconvexis, sutura conspicua ; 
apertura parva, ovata, subeffusi; labro ad mediam partem pro- 
ducto. 

A small species, with a fine line a little below the middle of 
the whorls, above which line the shell is chalcedonic, white, and 
translucent, and below which it is transparent. 

Panama. (Mus. Cuming.) 


799 


23, Huria virrea (pl. clxix. f. 35), 4. Adams. 


E. testa subulata, acuta, recta, albida, vitred ; anfractibus pla- 
nulatis, lined impressd prope suturas, anfractu ultimo rotundato ; 
apertura oblongo-ovali ; labio anticé recto, in medio vix tortuoso ; 
labro anticé subreflexo. 

Subulate, acute, straight, whitish, glassy; whorls flattened, 
with an impressed‘line near the sutures, last whorl rounded ; 
aperture oblong-oval ; inner lip anteriorly straight, slightly twisted 
in the middle, outer lip anteriorly subflexous. 

Fejee Islands ; from the stomach of a Holothuria. Capt. Swain. 
(Mus. Cuming.) 


24, Hurmma potyeyra (pl. clxix. f. 36), 4. Adams. 


HE. test subulato-pyramidali, alba, subopacd, apice tortuosi ; 
anfractibus permultis, planulatis, ultimo angulatis ; apertura ob- 
liqua, subtetragonali; labio anticée reflexo; labro in medio valdé 
dilatato. 

Subulately pyramidal, white, rather opaque, apex tortuous ; 
whorls very numerous, flattened, the last angulated; aperture 
oblique, subtetragonal ; inner lip anteriorly reflexed ; outer lip di- 
lated in the middle. 

Cagayan, province of Misamis, isle of Mindanao; sandy mud, 
fifty fathoms. A. C. (Mus. Cuming.) 


25. Huurma tactea (pl. clxix. f. 2), 4. Adams. 


E. testa subulata, alba, opacd, solida, politi; spira recta, an- 
fractibus planis, varicibus continuis impressis ad latus dextrum 
instructis ; apertura ellipticd, anticé subproducta ; labio anticé re- 
flexiusculo ; labro incrassato. 

Subulate, solid, white, opaque; whorls flat, with a continuous 
varix on the nght side; spire straight ; aperture ovate, oblong, 
rather produced and everted anteriorly ; outer lip somewhat thick- 
ened. 

Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.) 


26. Kura wasrosa (pl. clxix. f. 31), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. Conch. Ilustr. f. 2. 


E. testé acuminato-pyramidali, basi latiusculé ; anfractibus con- 
vexiusculis ; aperturd brevi; labro lateraliter dilatato, producto. 

The outer hp is sinuous and dilated; the aperture is slightly 
channelled at the fore part, the outline is conical or pyramidal, 
the spire is rather contorted, and the last whorl is large and some- 
what veutricose. 

Isle of Annaa, Pacific. (Mus. Cuming.) 


800 


27. KuLima BREVIS (pl. clxix. f. 32), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 
1834, Conch. [lustr. f. 15. 


E. testa brevi, acuminata, hyalina, varicibus subsecundis ; aper- 
turd anticé rotundata. 

The spire of this species is short, rather inflexed, and composed 
of numerous convex whorls; the last whorl is large; the aperture 
is oval and rounded anteriorly, and the outer lip is somewhat di- 
lated, reflexed, and produced anteriorly. 

Pacific Ocean; on the shells of the Pearl Oyster. (Mus. 
Cuming.) 


28. Huta nitiwa (pl. clxix. f. 17, 20), Lamarck (Melania), 
Hist. An. s. vert. vol. viii. p. 447. no. 8. 


E. test& subulata, alba, glabra, nitidissima ; anfractibus quinque, 
planulatis; apertura ovato-acuta, anticé subreflexi; labro acuto, 
arcuato. 

Small, subulate, white, polished; whorls from four to five, flat- 
tened ; aperture acutely ovate, somewhat dilated, and everted an- 
teriorly ; outer lip simple, arcuated. 

Mediterranean. 


Grnus NISO, Risso. 


Animal as in Hudima. 

Operculum horny, subspiral. 

Shell subulate, turreted, many-whorled, axis perforated ; aper- 
ture oval, anteriorly angulated ; outer lip simple, acute ; umbilicus 
very deep, extending as far as the apex of the spire. 

Syn. Bonellia, Desh., not Rolando ; Janella, Grat., not Gray. 


1. Niso TEREBELLUM (pl. clxx. f. 6, 7), Chemnitz (Turbo), 
Conch. 10. t. 165. f. 1592, 1593. Bulimus terebellatus, Lam. 
Hist. Helix terebellata, Broce. Bonellia terebellata, Desh. 


N. testa acuminato-pyramidali, brunnea aut sordidé alba ; an- 
fractibus paullulum rotundatis ; umbilico magno, patulo, perom- 
phalo angulato; apertura anticé angulaté et product. 

Acuminately pyramidal, brown or dirty white; whorls some- 
what rounded; umbilicus large, open, the circumference angu- 
lated; aperture produced and angulated anteriorly. 

Nicobar. (Mus. Cuming.) 


801 


2. Niso Marmorara (pl. elxx. f. 2), Sowerby (Hulima), Sow. 
Conch. Ilustr. f. 8. 


N. test subulaté, albido brunneoyue marmorati; anfractibus 
convextusculis ; umbilico magno, patulo; apertura anticé angulata. 

Subulate, whitish, marbled with brown; whorls slightly rounded; 
umbilicus large and patulous ; aperture angular in front. 


Philippine Islands. (Mus. Cuming.) 


3. Niso mnterrvpta (pl. clxx. f. 9), Sowerdy (Eulima), Pro. 
Zool. Soc. Jan. 1834; Conch. Ilustr. f. 11. 


N. testé acuminato pyramidali, albicante, ad varices brunneo 
maculaté ; umbilico mediocri; apertura anticé angulata. 

Acuminately pyramidal, whitish, spotted with brown at the va- 
rices ; umbilicus moderate ; aperture anteriorly angulated. 

Central America; dredged in coarse sand at from eleven to 
thirteen fathoms. (Mus. Cuming.) 


4. Niso SPLENDIDULA (pl. clxx. f. 8), Sowerby (Eulima), Pro. 
Zool. Soc. Jan. 1834; Conch. Illustr. f. 7. Bon. splendidula, 
Desh. 


N. testa acuminato-pyramidali, brunnescente, prope suturas 
albo castaneoque articulata; umbilico magno; apertura anticé 
angulata. 

Acuminately pyramidal, brownish, articulated near the sutures 
with white and chestnut; umbilicus large; aperture anteriorly 
angulated. 

Sancta Elena; sandy mud, six to eight fathoms. (Mus. Cuming.) 


5. Niso Brunyea (pl. clxx. f. 3), Sowerby (Kulima), Pro. 
Zool. Soc. ; Conch. Illustr. f. 9. Bonellia brunnea, Desf. 


N. testé acuminato-pyramidali, brunned; anfractibus rotunda- 
tis; umbilico parvo; apertura anticé rotundata. 

Acuminately pyramidal, brown; whorls rounded; umbilicus 
small; aperture anteriorly rounded. 

Island of Haynan, China Sea. (Mus. Cuming.) 


6. Niso coniostoma (pl. clxx. f. 1), 4. Adams. 


N. test acuminato-pyramidali, levi, nitida, albidi; anfractibus 
duodecim, planis, longitudinaliter substriatis, fascia lata luteo- 
fuscd ornatis, anfractu ultimo subangulato; umbilico profundo, 
aperto, margine crenulato; apertura elongato-ovali, anticé angu- 
lata et valde producta. 


802 


Distinguished by the broad band in the middle of the whorls, 
and by the angular, produced aperture. 
Isle of Burias; seven fathoms, fine sand. (Mus. Cuming.) 


7. Niso CANDIDULA (clxx. f. 4, 5), 4. Adams. 


N. testé subulato-pyramidali, albida, nitidd, longitudinaliter 
substriataé ; anfractibus quatuordecim, convexiusculis, ultimo sub- 
angulato ; apertura ellipticd, anticé producta, angustatd ; labio sub- 
reflexo ; umbilico mediocri, perspectivo, margine corrugato. 

A white, solid, pyramidal species, with the sides slightly con- 
cave, the last whorl somewhat angulated, and with a rather nar- 
row, corrugated umbilicus. 


Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.) 


8. Niso rmpricata (pl. clxx. f. 10), Sowerby (Kulima), Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1834; Conch. Illustr. f. 4. es 


N. testa acuminato-pyramidali, albida, longitudinaliter spadiceo- 
lineata; anfractibus imfra angulatis, prominentibus; umbilico 
parvo; aperturé anticé angulata. 

Acuminately pyramidal, whitish, longitudinally lineated with 
light red; whorls angulated below, prominent; umbilicus small ; 
aperture anteriorly angulated. 

Sancta Elena; in sandy mud, from six to eight fathoms. (Mus. 
Cuming.) 


Genus LEIOSTRACA, H. et A. Adams. 


Shell turreted, subulate, flattened, widest from side to side, 
polished, smooth, semipellucid; sides with a thin varix extending 
as far as the apex of the spire; aperture oblong, entire; inner 
lip distinct, callous, slightly sinuous in the middle; outer lip 
flexuous. 

This genus comprises a suite of small polished shells resembling 
Eulima, but they are always straight and laterally compressed ; 
the whorls are usually adorned with a coloured band, the aper- 
ture is elongate, and the sides of the whorls are furnished with 
thin varices. 


1. Letosrraca Mercatret (pl. clxx. f. 12, 13), 4. Adams. 


L. test& aciculato-fusiformi, compress4, lateribus varicibus im- 
pressis continuis instructis ; anfractibus planis, cingula rufa lineis- 


803 


que undulatis, longitudinalibus ornatis ; anfractu ultimo elongato, 
cingulis duabus transversis ornato ; labio calloso; labro margine 
flexuoso. 

This species, the most typical of the genus, is remarkably com- 
pressed, with the varices continuous on each side; besides the 
usual coloured zones peculiar to this group, there are likewise 
irregular, longitudinal streaks of the same colour. 


2. Lerosrraca suBuLata (pl. clxx. f. 15, 16), Donovan 
(Turbo), Brit. Shells, vol. v. pl. 172. Helix subulata, Montagu. 
Helix flavocincta, Mey. Melania Cambessedesii, Payr. HWulima 
subulata, Risso. Melania Donovani, Fordes. Eulima lineata, 
Sow. Conch. Ill. f. 13? Strombiformis glaber, Costa? Turbo 
trifasciatus, Adams. 


L. testa fusiformi, tenui, alba, lineis fuscis, duabus, spiralibus ; 
apertura oblonga. 

Fusiform, thin, white, with two spiral red-brown bands ; aper- 
ture oblong. 

British Islands, etc. (Mus. Cuming.) 


3. Lerostraca acuta (pl. clxx. f. 25), Sowerby, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. 1834. 


L. testa turrito-acuta, albi; anfractibus duodecim, levibus, 
suturis obsoletis, varicibus sparsis. 

Acutely turreted, white; whorls twelve, smooth, sutures obso- 
lete, varices few. 

Bay of Montiji, Central America. (Mus. Cuming.) 


4. Letostraca BILINEATA (pl. clxx. f. 20, 21, 22), Alder 
(Eulima), Moll. Northumb. and Durh. p. 47. Helix subulata 
(var.), JZont. Phasianella subulata, Mem. Pyramis subulata, 
Brown. 


L. testé subulatd, tenui, pellucida, albida, lineis duabus, rufo- 
fuscis, spiralibus ornaté; anfractu ultimo subventricoso; apertura 
oblonga, columella vix arcuata. 

This species differs from LZ. swbulata in being smaller, in having 
only two bands, close together, in the centre of the body-whorl, in 
the whorls being less oblique, and in the aperture not being quite 
so much contracted. 

British Islands. 


5. Lerosrraca Mrnporensis (pl. clxx. f. 14), Adams et 
Reeve (Kulima), Zool. Voy. Sam. Moll. p. 52. pl. 11. f. 25. 


5 M 


804 


L. testa elongato-turrité, basi subobesi, suturis impressis ; an- 
fractibus decem, convexis ; apertura ovata; pellucido-alba, opaco- 
albo maculata et lineata. 

Elongate-turreted ; whorls rather convex, sutures impressed ; 
nearly transparent, mottled with opaque white ; aperture oblong. 

Mindoro Sea; Philippines. 


6. Lerosrraca varians (pl. clxx. f. 23, 24), Sowerby (Ku- 
lima), Pro. Zool. Soc. 1834; Conch. Ilustr. f. 14. 


L. testa subfusiformi, acuminata, tenui, coloribus varid ; aper- 
tura oblonga. 

Subfusiform, acuminated, thin, colour various; aperture ob- 
long. Some varieties are white, others brown, and others are 
marked with brown lines and are mottled. 


Xipixapi, Meridional America. (Mus. Cuming.) 


7. Lutosrraca UNILINEATA (pl. clxx. f. 17), Adams et Reeve 
(Eulima), Zool. Voy. Sam. Moll. p. 52. pl. 11. f. 23. 


L. testa aciculaté; anfractibus octo, plano-contiguis ; apertura 
suboblong’ ; rufo-brunned, lined unica nigrante cingulata. 

A rich red-brown, sharply aciculated species, with the sutures 
almost obsolete, and encircled throughout with a faint blackish 
line. 

Sooloo Sea. 


8. Lerostraca Bivitrata (pl. clxx. f. 18,19), H. et A. Adame, . 
Genera of Recent Mollusca. Kulima bilineata, Adams et Reeve, 
Zool. Voy. Sam. p. 52. pl. 11. f. 24. 


L. testa aciculata; anfractibus novem ad decem, plano-convexis ; 
aperturd oblongd; labro superné inflexo ; pellucido-alba, vitrea, 
lineis tenuibus, castaneis cingulata. 

A light, transparent, glassy species, encircled with two delicate, 
brown lines, of which the lower falls exactly im the place of the 
sutures. 

Sooloo Sea (from the stomach of an Hehinus). 


9. Letosrraca recta (pl. clxx. f. 25), C. B. Adams (Eulima), 
Shells of Panama, p. 199. 


E. testé elongata, ovato-conicd, albidd, fascia und opaca, et 
alterd diaphand infra-suturalibus ornatd, ad labrum et ad gradus 
etatis fusco, exilé bimaculata, levi, nitente, striis nonnullis gradus 
eetatis monstrantibus ; apice acutissimé ; spird recta, conicd; an- 
fractibus undecim, subplanulatis, suturdé imconspicua; anfractu 


805 


ultimo elongato ; aperturd angulatd, supra acutissima ; labro acuto ; 
columelld robusti, subrecta. 

Shell chalcedonic white, with an opaque, and another less 
opaque, spiral band at the upper part of the whorls, and with two 
minute brown spots on the outer lip. 

Panama. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Genus OBELISCUS, Humphrey. 


Animal as in Pyramidella. 

Operculum horny, ovate; inner edge sinuated. 

Shell subulate, turreted, many-whorled, smooth ; spire pointed, 
nucleus sinistral; aperture semi-oval, entire and rounded ante- 
riorly ; columella plicated; outer lip acute. 

This genus differs from Pyramidella in the whorls being smooth 
and not longitudinally plicate ; the shells, moreover, are subulate, 
and of a porcellanous structure, and the columella is somewhat 
straight. 


1. Oxeriscus potaBratus (pl. clxxi. f. 1, 2, 3), Linneus 
(Trochus), Gmel. p. 3585. no. 113. Helix dolabrata, Mw/7. 
Verm. p. 121. no. 318. Bulimus dolabratus, Bry. Dict. no. 99. 
Pyramidella terebellum, Encycl. pl. 452. f. 2. Pyramidella dola- 
brata, Lam. ed. Desh. vol. iv. p. 55. 


O. testé conico-turriti, perforata, levi, alba, lineis luteis cincta ; 
columella recurva ; labro intus dentato et sulcato. 

Turreted, umbilicated, smooth, white, encircled with yellowish 
transverse bands; the whorls are more convex than in O. teredel- 
lum, and the outer lip is strongly grooved internally. 

West Indies. (Mus. Cuming.) 


2. OBELISCUS TEREBELLUM (pl. clxxi. f. 5, 6), Miller (He- 
lix), Verm. p. 123. no. 319. Bulimus terebellum, Brug. Dict. 
no. 98. ‘Trochus dolabratus (var.), Gmel., p. 3586. Trochus 
terebellum; Di/dw., Cat. no. 119. 


O. testi conico-turrita, umbilicata, levi, alba, lineis rufis cincta ; 
columella recurva ; labro intus levigato. 

Turreted, subulate, smooth, white, with transverse, reddish- 
brown zones, usually three on each whorl, and four on the last 
whorl; aperture oval, entire in front; columella with three ante- 
rior plaits. 

West Indian Islands. (Mus. Cuming.) 


806 


3. OpeLiscus punoratus (pl. clxxi. f. 14, 27), Chemnitz 
(Turbo), Conch. pl. 4. £1493, 1494. Plotia guttata, Link, teste 
Méorch, Cat. Yold. Pyramidella maculosa, Lam. ed. Desh., vol. iv. 
p- 56; Kien. Mon. Pyram. pl. 2. f.5. Pyram. punctata, Schudb. 
et Wagn. Chem. Suppl. pl. 234. f. 4099 a 6. 


O. testa turrito-subulata, longitudinaliter striata, albidd, macu- 
hs punctisque rufis sparsim pictaé; anfractibus numerosis, ultimo 
spira multo breviore. 

Subulately turreted, smooth, greyish-white, with numerous 
brown spots arranged in transverse rows, usually three in each 
whorl, and five in the last; columella with three unequal plaits. 

Pacific Ocean, Isle of France, ete. (Mus. Cuming.) 


4, OBeLiscus ventRIcosus (pl. clxxi. f. 13, 15), Gudérin 
(Pyramidella), Mag. de Zool. pl. 2; Quoy et Gaim. Voy. del Astrol. 
tab. 2. p. 175. pl. 65. f. 8-7; Kien. Pyram. pl. 1. f. 1. 


O. testi ovato-oblongd, levigati, albidd, rufo-variegata, flam- 
mulis nigris pict’; spird acutissima; anfractibus numerosis, sub- 
depressis ; columella triplicata. 

Oval, turreted, smooth, slightly striated longitudinally; last 
whorl ventricose, whitish, ornamented with longitudinal, undulated, 
reddish-brown lines; aperture oval; columella with three anterior 
plaits, the posterior the largest ; umbilicus small, with an internal 
spiral fold. 

Island of Vanikoro. (Mus. Cuming.) 


5. OBELIscUS MONILIS (pl. clxxi. f. 12), A. Adams. 


O. testd turrito-subulaté, longitudinaliter substriata, alba, ad 
suturas fusco-maculosi; anfractibus planiusculis, fascié monili- 
formi, transversi cinctis, anfractu ultimo rotundato; apertura 
ovali, anticé angustatdé, subcanaliculaté; columella recta, plicis 
tribus (suprema magna, transversd) instructa. 

Much smaller and more slender than O. punctatus, with the | 
whorls more numerous, and of a delicate pattern of colouring. 

Dumaguete, Isle uf Negros; seven fathoms, coarse sand. JZ. C. 
(Mus. Cuming.) . 


6. Oseiscus crnctus (pl. clxxi. f. 10, 11), Reeve (Pyrami- 
della), Pro. Zool. Soc. Dec. 1842; Conch. Syst. vol. 1. pl. 207. 
f. 2 and 4. 


O. testa conico-acuminata, alba; anfractibus levibus, zona oli- 
vaceo-fusca, conspicua, in medio, cinctis ; aperturd oblongo-ovata ; 
labro simplici, acuto. 


807 


A white, sharply-acuminated species, surrounded with a single, 
clear, broad, olive-brown belt. 


Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.) 


7. Opetiscus eractiis (pl. clxxi. f. 4), Broceht (Pyrami- 
della), Conch. Subapp. pl. 6. f.6 @ 6; Kien. Mon. Pyramid. pl. 2. 
foi 


O. test cylindrica, angusta, apice acutissimd, nitidd, albida ; 
spird elongata ; anfractibus convexiusculis, frequentibus, sutura 
sinplici, depress; apertura parva, oblonga. 

A slender, subulate, shining species, with from four to six 
whorls, the last divided in the middle by a transverse groove ; 
columella nearly straight, with three plaits. 

St. Just, Valterra, France. (Mus. Cuming.) 


8. OpeEtiscus suxcatus (pl. clxxi. f. 34), 4. Addams. 


O. testi turrito-subulaté, longitudinaliter striaté, albida, cine- 
reo-nebulosi, et maculis rufis sparsim punctaté; anfractibus con- 
vexiusculis, ultimo rotundato ; aperturé ovali, anticé canaliculata ; 
columella arcuata, plicis tribus instructi. 

I have used a manuscript name of Nuttall’s. The species re- 
sembles O. punctatus, but the whorls are more ventricose, and the 
style of colouring is very different. 

Tahiti; coral sand. Mus. Cuming. 


9. OpeEtiscus TuRRITUS (pl. clxxi. f. 17), 4.-Adams. 


O. test subulato-turrita, longitudinaliter striata, fulvescente, ad 
suturas alba; anfractibus planiusculis, frequentibus, ad suturas 
crenulatis, suturis profundis, anfractu ultimo rotundato, sulco 
transverso instructo; apertura ovali, anticé producté, subcanali- 
culaté; columella recta, tortuosd, plicis tribus muniti. 

In this species the whorls are very numerous, and white at the 
sutures, which latter are crenulated, and the aperture is produced 
in front. 

Albrochos Island, North Australia; stones, low water. J. Z. 
Dring. (Mus. Cuming.) 


10. Oxetiscus TErgs (pl. clxxi. f. 31, 32), 4. Adams. 


O. testi turrito-subulata, apice acuto, albidd ; anfractibus nume- 
rosis, planulatis, lineolis fuscis transversis, et fasciis undulatis, 
longitudinalibus, ornatis, suturis profundis, canaliculatis ; apertura 
ovali, antice producté, subcanaliculaté ; columella tortuosi, plicis 
tribus instructa. 


808 


An acuminated, white species, with a single fine line across eachi 
whorl, and ornamented, besides, with numerous, longitudinal, un- 
dulating streaks. 

Island of Panay; on the shore. H. C. (Mus. Cuming.) 


11. OBELIscUS TEREBELLOIDES (pl. clxxi. f. 18), 4. Adams. 


O. turrito-subulata, gracili, subperforata, nitida, longitudinaliter 
substriaté, albA; anfractibus planiusculis, lineis duabus, rufis cinc- 
tis; apertura ovali, anticé producta, subcanaliculata; columella 
recurva, tortuosa, biplicata. 

Somewhat umbilicated, slender, smooth ; a more slender species 
than O. terebellum, with two transverse spiral lines, and with the 
columella biplicate. 

Hab. P (Mus. Cuming.) 


12. OBELIscUS TESSELLATUS (pl. clxxi. f. 16), 4. Adams. 


O. testé turrito-subulati, nitidd, longitudinaliter substriata, 
rufescenti; anfractibus convexiusculis, maculis quadratis, fuscis, 
in seriebus tribus, transversis dispositis ; anfractu ultimo rotun- 
dato; apertura ovali, anticé subcanaliculata ; columella subrecta, 
plicis tribus instructa. 

This is regarded by M. Kiener as a variety of O. punctatus, but 
an examination of numerous individuals has convinced me that it 
is a distinct species. 

Island of Masbate; seven fathoms, sandy mud. H.C. (Mus. 
Cuming.) ; 


13. Opetiscus puLcHELLs (pl. clxxi. f. 20), 4. Adams. 


O. testi turrito-subulata, subperforaté, apice acuto; albida, 
fulvescenti, nitidd; anfractibus planis, cinctelld rufi, ad suturas, 
ornatis, anfractu ultimo rotundato; apertura ovali; columella 
recta, reflex, posticé uniplicata. 

A subulate, elongated, elegant, polished species, yellowish-white, 
differing chiefly from O. edegaus in the suture not being impressed, 
and in the broad red band across the whorls. 

Japan. (Mus. Cuming.) 


14, OBELIscus ELEGANS (pl. clxxi. f. 19), A. Adams. 


O. testa turrito-subulata, subperforata, apice acutissimo, longi- 
tudinaliter et transversim striata; fulvi; anfractibus planis, lined 
rufa, ad suturas, ornatis, suturis canaliculatis; columella posticé 

et by A SEN A G A 
uniplicata, anticé reflexd, dilatata. 

A slender, fulvous, subulate species, which approaches some- 


809 


what to O. gracilis, but there is only one plait on the columella. 
From O. pulchellus it is distinguished by the channelled sutures, 
and by the coloured line across the whorls. 

Singapore. Lieut. Taylor. (Mus. Cuming.) 


15. Osxttscus acicutatus (pl. clxxi. f. 21), 4. Adams. 


O. testa turrito-subulata, angustd, fulvescenti; anfractibus pla- 
nis, frequentibus, longitudinaliter substriatis, suturis profundis, 
anfractu ultimo rotundato; apertura ovali, anticé subproducta ; 
columella anticé reflexd, posticé plicd valida instructa. 

A slender, subulate species, of a red-brown colour, with the 
aperture rather produced in front, and the columella anteriorly 
reflexed and furnished with a single plait. 

Cagayan, province of Misamis ; twenty-five fathoms, sandy mud. 
H.C. (Mus. Cuming.) 


16. OxeExiscus PusILLvs (pl. clxxi. f. 7), A. Adams. 


O. test& conico-turrité, perforata, apice obtuso; alba, nitida ; 
anfractibus planiusculis, suturis profundis, anfractu ultimo sub- 
angulato ; apertura ovali, anticé subreflexd ; columella recta, plicis 
duabus instructa. 

A small, white, shining species, with the apex obtuse, the last 
whorl somewhat angulated, and the columella with only two 

laits. 
7 Catanuan, province of Luzon; ten fathoms, sandy mud. ZH. C. 
(Mus. Cuming.) 


17. OBELIscus BALTEATUS (pl. clxxi. f. 25), A. Adams. 


O. testi parvd, conico-turrita, perforata, albidd, nitida, fascia 
rufa ornaté; anfractibus planiusculis, ultimo angulato; apertura 
ovata, anticé producti, angustaté; columella anticé reflexd, bipli- 
cata, plicd posticd valida; labro, in medio, angulato. 

A small, umbilicated, shining, white species, with the whorls 
ornamented with a rufous band, and with two plaits on the colu- 
mella. 

Cagayan, province of Misamis, Isle of Mindanao; twenty-five 
fathoms, sandy mud. H.C. (Mus. Cuming.) 


18. Opexiscus Fasticium (pl. clxxi. f. 8), 4. Adams. 


O. testé conico-turrité, perforata, alba, nitidd, levissima; an- 
fractibus planis, ultimo subangulato, subventricoso; apertura 
ovali; columella recta, triplicata, plicis transversis; labro intus 
lirato. 


810 


White, polished, shining, umbilicated, with the last whorl large 
and rather angulated; in general appearance resembles 0. per- 
Joratus, but the umbilicus is very narrow. 

Loay, island of Bohol; sixteen fathoms, sandy mud. ZZ. C. 
(Mus. Cuming.) 


19. Opetiscus prrroratus (pl. clxxi. f. 9), 4. Adams. 


O. testd conico-turrita, laté et profundé umbilicata, alba, nitida, 
levissim’ ; anfractibus plantusculis, ultimo subangulato, lined 
pallid& rufa transversd, in medio, ornatis; apertura subquadrata ; 
columella recta, plicis tribus, transversis, instructa. 

Very widely and deeply umbilicated, white, shining, orna- 
mented with a transverse rufous band; aperture rather quadran- 
gular ; columella with three transverse plaits. 

St. John’s, West Indies; on the sands. Dr. Hornbeck. (Mus. 
Cuming.) 


20. OBELiscus BRUNNEUS (pl. clxxi. f. 35), 4. Adams. 


O. testa turrito-subulata, nitid’, longitudinaliter substriata, 
brunne’; anfractibus convexiusculis, frequentibus, ad suturas 
crenulatis, anfractu ultimo rotundato ; aperturd ovali, antice effusd; 
columella anticé reflex, dilatata, posticé plicd valida, producté in- 
structa. 

A handsome red-brown species, with rather convex whorls and 
the sutures crenulated ; the whorls are very numerous, and there 
is but a single plait on the columella. 


Japan. Dr. Siebold. (Mus. Cuming.) 
21. Osxgriscus scrruLus (pl. clxxi. f. 28), 4. Adams. 


O. testé ovato-turrita, subperforata, albi; spird acuta; anfrac- 
tibus convexiusculis, longitudinaliter et transversim striatis, fasciis 
rufescentibus et maculis fuscis variegatis; apertura ovali, antice 
producta, varice striato circa regionem umbilicalem instructa ; co- 
lumellé recta, plicis tribus munita. 

Species somewhat resembling O. ventricosus, but is smaller and 
less ventricose, and the markings are also very different. 

Island of Masbate; sandy mud, ten fathoms. H.C. (Mus. 


Cuming.) 
22. OpeLiscus styiinus (pl. clxxi. f. 28), 4. Adams. 


O. testa turrita, subulato-cylindraced, apice acuto, acuminato ; 
alba, nitida, s subpellucida, transversim striaté; anfractibus planis, 
ultimo, sulco transverso angusto instructo ; apertura subquadrata, 


sii 


ovali, anticé everta, effusi; columella reflex4, anticé dilatata, pos- 
ticé uniplicata. 

A singular cylindrical species, with the upper part suddenly 
acuminate, and with a wide, subquadrate aperture. 

Gindulman, isle of Bohol; soft mud, eight fathoms. (Mus. 
Cuming.) 


23. OsBetiscus arrenvuatus (pl. clxxi. f. 22), A. Adams. 


O. testé aciculato-turrité, subperforata, gracili, apice papilloso, 
albida, nitida, transversim subtilissimé striaté; anfractibus planis, 
suturis profundis ; aperturd ovali; labio anticé dilatato et reflexo, 
posticé valdé uniplicato. 

A small, whitish, slender shell, transversely finely striated, and 
with a single strong plait on the columella. 

Baclayon, isle of Bohol; under stones, low water. 77. C. (Mus. 
Cuming.) 


24. Operiscus Hastatus (pl. clxxi. f. 24), 4. Adams. 


O. testa turrito-subulaté, nitida, longitudinaliter substriata, 
carneoli, aut fulvescenti; anfractibus planis, ad suturas concinné 
crenulatis, suturis profundis, anfractu ultimo angulato, sulco 
transverso instructo; apertura ovali, anticé angustati, acuminata; 
columella rectiuscula, triplicata. 

A. beautiful pale-yellow or flesh-coloured species, with the 
whorls crenated near the sutures. 

St. Elena, West Columbia; sandy mud, six fathoms. //. C. 
(Mus. Cuming.) 


25. Opeiscus cLavucus (pl. clxxi. f. 33), 4. Adams. 

O. test& turrito-cylindraced, subpupiformi, apice obtuso, longi- 
tudinaliter substriata, pallidé fulva, aculis rufis sparsim ornata ; 
anfractibus planulatis, supra suturas sulco transverso munitis, 
anfractu ultimo angustato, producto; apertura elongate ovali, an- 
ticé acuminata; columella plicis tribus, obliquis instructa. 

A. singular pupiform species, with the apex very obtuse, and 
the aperture elongated. 

Acapulco; on the sands. Col. Moffatt. (Mus. Cuming.) 


26. Osetiscus acuis (pl. elxxi. f. 30), 4. Adams. 

O. testé acuculato-turrité, acuté, aurantiaci, glabra, mitida ; 
anfractibus planis, numerosis, suturis profundis; apertura ob- 
liqua, oblongo-ovali, anticé reflex; columella plicd valida, in me- 
dio, instructa; Jabro intus lirato. 

es rT 
ov N 


812 


An orange-brown, subulate, polished shell, with the fore part 
of the aperture everted, the columella with a smgle strong fold in 
the middle, and the outer lip internally lirate. 

Loay, island of Bohol, Philippines; hard clayey mud, sixty fa- 
thoms. (Mus. Cuming.) 


27. OBELISCUS ANNULATUS (pl. clxx1. f. 26), 4. Adams. 


O. testd turrito-subulaté, albidi; anfractibus numerosis, planu- 
latis, cingillis transversis, elevatis, subdistantibus ornatis, inter- 
stitiis longitudinaliter striatis; apertura oblongé; columella pos- 
ticé lamina spirali instructé; labro margine subcrenulato, intus 
hrato. 

A small species, with the whorls ringed with elevated, trans- 
verse ridges, and with the intervals between them longitudinally 
striated ; the fold on the columella is spiral and posterior. 

Cagayan, province of Misamis, Mindanao; twenty-five fa- 
thoms, sandy mud. H.C. (Mus. Cuming.) 


28. OBELiscus sTRIATULUS (pl. clxxi. f. 29), A. Adams. 


O. test turrito-subulata, albidé, subpellucida ; anfractibus octo, 
convexiusculis, transversim striatis, suturis impressis; apertura 
oblong’; columella posticé uniplicaté; labro acuto, intus lirato. 

A white, thin, semipellucid shell, with the whorls transversely 
striated, the sutures deep, the columella with a single plait, and 
the outer lip lirate internally. 


Feejee Islands. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Genus PYRAMIDELLA, Lamarck. 


Lingual membrane unarmed ; tentacles ear-like, folded longi- 
tudinally, with the eyes sessile at their inner bases. Mantle en- 
closed, with a rudimentary siphonal fold. Foot small. 

Operculum horny, ovate, sinuated on the inner edge. 

Shell turreted, many-whorled, longitudinally ribbed ; spire ele- 
vated, nucleus sinistral; aperture obovate, somewhat produced 
and channelled in front; columella curved, with three or four ob- 
lique plaits ; outer lip simple, acute. 

Syn. Pyramidellus, Montfort. 

1. PyramipeLna auris-catt (pl. clxxu. f. 1, 2), Chemnitz 
(Voluta), Conch. t. 11. p. 20. pl. 117. £1711, 1712. Voluta 


spiralis, Wood. Pyram. plicata, Lam. ed. Desh. vol. iv. p. 55 ; 
Kien. Mon. Pyram. pl. i. f. 4. 


813 


P. test ovato-oblong’, solidé, longitudinaliter plicata, alba, 
punctis rufis seriatim cincta ; plicis levibus ; interstitiis transversé 
striatis; ultimo anfractu spirA breviore, turgidulo. 

Oval-elongate, solid, last whorl very large, with numerous pro- 
minent, longitudinal plaits ; the interstices transversely finely stri- 
ated; usually three rows of reddish-brown spots. 

Island of Vanikoro. Philippines, ete. (Mus. Cuming.) 


2. PyramMipeLta corruGata (pl. clxxu. f. 4), Lamarck, 
Hist. An. s. vert. ed. Desh. vol. iv. p. 56; Kien. Mon. Pyram. 
Pia: &.6. 

P, testa elongato-turrita, gracili, longitudinaliter plicata, albé, 
prope suturas punctis luteis varis picti; ultimo anfractu spird 
multd breviore. 

Elongated, white, with small, sparse, yellow spots; plaits on 
the whorls, smooth, numerous, regular, with the itervals trans- 
versely striated; columella with three plaits. 


Isle of France. (Mus. Lam.) 


3. PyraMIpELLa GLANS (pl. clxxu. f. 6, 7), Reeve, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1842; Conch. Syst. vol. 11. pl. 207. f. 1. 


P. testé cylindraceo-conicd, bicoloraté; anfractibus longitudi- 
naliter striatis, inferné albis, superné olivaceo-vinidibus ; apertura 
rotundato-ovali. 

This is a small, obtuse species, of which the whorls are just 
one-half white, and the other half dark olive-green. 


Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.) 


4, PyramiIpeLtta maentrica (pl. clxxu. f. 3), Adams et 

Reeve, Zool. Voy. Samarang, Moll. p. 53. pl. 10. f. 1. 

P. test’ pyramidali-conici, subcylindraced, spire suturis im- 

py ’ y 9 

pressis ; anfractibus quatuordecim, plano-convexis, superné cana- 
iculatis, longitudinaliter crebriliratis, interstitus foveolatis, an- 
liculatis, longitudinalit briliratis, interstitiis foveolatis, 
fractu ultimo ecostato, promiscué foveolato; columella fortiter 
triplicatd ; apertura anticé subemarginata ; albida, ferrugineo-fusco 
2 I 5 ? P A te) 5) 2 te} 
tincta et maculata. 

The whorls are flattened and foveolate between the longitudinal 
rib-like plicee, which are produced posteriorly into prominent no- 
dules; the outline is more pyramidal than in P. auris-cati. 

Shores of Borneo, China Seas. (Mus. Taylor. 

E y 


5. PyraMrpELia nopicrnera (pl. clxxu. f. 5), 4. Adams. 
P. testa pyramidali-conicd, alba, maculis rufis, in seriebus 


$14 


transversis dispositis, ornati; anfractibus cirea decem, longitu- 
dinaliter plicatis, plicis posticé nodosis, nodis subacutis, prominen- 
tibus, interstitus foveolatis, anfractu ultimo corrugato-foveolato, 
plicis evanidis; aperturé oblong; columella plicis tribus in- 
structa, plicd posticd valida. 

‘The whorls are encircled with a series of rather acute and pro- 
minent nodules, formed by the hind portions of the longitudinal 
plicee, which, in this species, are rather indistinct; the surface of 
the shell is pitted in a peculiar manner, and the whorls are 
adorned with rows of square brown spots, formimg three zones on 
the last whorl. 


Lab. P (Mus. Cuming.) 


6. PyraMIpetta propinaua (pl. clxxu. f. 8), 4. Adams. 


P. testi ovato-pyramidali; spird acuminaté, submucronata, al- 
bid’, luteo-fusco variegatéi; anfractibus convexiusculis, longitu- 
dinaliter plicatis, plicis prominentibus, distantibus, interstitiis 
lineis transversis ornatis, anfractu ultimo dorso alveolato; aper- 
turd semiovati, anticé producto, subcanaliculatdé; columella plicis 
tribus instructi; labro anticé subdilatato. 

Somewhat similar to P. auris-cati, but is more subulate, and 
the longitudinal plicee are more prominent; it also resembles P. 
corrugata, but that shell is represented more slender. 

Reetea, Society Islands; on the reefs. (Mus. Cuming.) 


7. PyRAMIDELLA MITRALIs (pl. clxxi. f. 9), 4. ddams. 


P. testa elongato-pyramidali, albida, rufo-fusco variegata ; an- 
fractibus octo, convexiusculis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis pro- 
minentibus, subdistantibus, infers transversim rats: aper- - 
turd obliqué, semiovati, anticé subcanaliculati; columella plicis 
tribus, plicd postici, transversi, magna. 

A mitriform species, variegated with rufous, and with prominent, 
distant, longitudinal ribs, transversely striated in the interstices. 

St. Estevan, North Ilocos, isle of Luzon; sand, low water. 
H.C. (Mus. Cuming.) 


8. PyramIpELLa varrecata (pl. clxxi. f. 10), 4. Adams. 


P. test elongato-pyramidali, alba, rufo-fusco maculata et varie- 
gata; anfractibus septem, planiusculis, longitudinaliter costatis, 
costis parvis, subconfertis (interstitiis eequantibus), interstitus 
concinneé clathratis; apertura semiovata, obliqué, anticé subcanali- 
culata, columella triplicata ; labro extus incrassato. 

The longitudinal plice are rather close together the interstices 


SL5 


are clathrated, and the shell is marked with large red-brown 
blotches ; the outer lip is rather incrassated. 
Island of Masbate, Philippines; seven fathoms, sandy mud. 


H.C. (Mus. Cuming.) 


9. PyraMIDELLA Nivipa (pl. clxxii. f. 11), 4. Adams. 


P. testi ovato-pyramidali, albi, nitidd; anfractibus convexius- 
culis, longitudinaliter costellatis, costellis angustis, rectis, subdis- 
tantibus, levibus, interstitiis subcrenulatis, anfractu ultimo basi 
producto; apertura obliqua, semiovaté, anticé subcanaliculata ; 
columella plicis tribus instructaé, plicA antici duplicata. 

A rather small, shining species, with narrow, straight ribs, 
rather wide apart, and with the interstices crenulated; the last 
whorl is produced at the base, and the anterior fold of the colu- 
mella is double. 


Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.) 


10. PyraMIpELLA muETuLA (pl. clxxii. f. 12), 4. Adams, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1851. 


P. testa subulato-turrita, apice obtusiuscula, albidd ; anfractibus 
decem, planulatis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis confertis, equan- 
tibus, interstitiis lineis transversis, elevatis, ornatis; apertura 
ovali, labio incrassato, in medio plicd unica instructo; labro mar- 
gine subincrassato. 

A small, elongated species, with the intervals between the ribs 
cancellated. 

Philippines, Gindulman, isle of Bohol; soft mud, eight fa- 
thoms. (Mus. Cuming.) 


11. Pyramipetra eracitts (pl. clxxi. f. 14, 15), 4. Adams. 


P. test& parva, aciculato-turrité, albidad, nitidd, lined fusca, su- 
pra suturas, ornata; anfractibus planis, longitudinaliter costatis, 
costis rectis, distantibus, interstitiis levibus; apertura ovali, an- 
ticé subcanaliculata, labio supra calloso, in medio, plicd valida in- 
structo. 

A small, slender, nearly acicular species, somewhat resembling 
a T'urbonilla, but with all the generic characters of Pyramidella. 

Loay, isle of Bohol, Philippines; hard clayey mud, sixty fa- 
thoms. H.C. (Mus. Cuming.) 


12. PyraMIpELLA suBuLata (pl. clxxii. f. 18), 4. Adams. 


P. testa umbilicaté, subulato-pyramidali, vertice mucronato, 
levigato, pellucido, albidd, subnitidd; anfractibus planulatis, lon- 


S16 


gitudinaliter costatis, costis levibus, subobliquis, crassis, interstitiis 
levibus, in mediis, unipunctatis ; aperturd obliqué, semielliptica, 
anticé productaé, subcanaliculaté et reflexd; columella, in medio, 
plici valida instructa. 

Remarkable for its subulate form, and styligerous spire formed 
of transparent, nearly equal, nuclear volutions, the first of which 
is placed as in Zwrbonilla. 

Sorsogon, province of Albay, isle of Luzon; coarse sand, four 
fathoms. H.C. (Mus. Cuming.) 


13. Pyramipetia actis (pl. clxxu. f. 16, 17), A. Adams, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851, July. 


P. testa subulata, alba, nitidi; anfractibus octo, planiusculis, 
longitudinaliter plicatis, plicis equalibus, subconfertis, interstitiis 
levibus; apertura semiovati, labio subincrassato, plicd unici mu- 
nito; labro subdilatato. 

This is a slender, subulate species, somewhat resembling a Jts- 
soina, and differing from P. metula in the interstices between the 
longitudinal ribs being smooth, and without elevated lines. 


Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Genus MONOPTYGMA, J. Lea. 


Tongue unarmed ; proboscis retractile ; tentacles subulate, with 
the eyes sessile at their upper bases; foot narrow, elongate. 

Operculum horny, subspiral. 

Shell elongated, imperforate, many-whorled, transversely stri- 
ated ; aperture small, entire in front; columellar lip with a single 
obscure winding plait ; outer lip simple, acute. 

Syn. Menestho, Moller ; Pyramis, Brown ; Monotygma, Gray. 

This genus was founded on a fossil species; it differs from 
Odostomia in being subulate, and in the columella having an ob- 
lique plait instead of a transverse tooth. 


1. Monopryema srriata (pl. clxxu. f. 18), Gray. 


M. test& turrito-subulata, solidd, olivaced; anfractibus planis, 
transversim sulcatis, sulcis profundis, distantibus; apertura ob- 
longa, intus alba. 

Subulately turreted, solid, olivaceous; whorls flat, transversely 
sulcate, grooves deep, wide apart ; aperture oblong, white within. 

This species is a very thick and strong shell, with a somewhat 


817 


convex lateral outline, and strongly transversely grooved across 
the flattened whorls. 
Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.) 


2. Monopryema Futva (pl. clxxu. f. 23), 4. Adams, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1851. 


M. test& turrito-subulati, graciliori, solidi, fulvA; anfractibus 
planis, transversim suleatis, sulcis profundis, distantibus ; apertura 
oblonga, intus fusca. 

Turreted, subulate, slender, solid, fulvous; whorls flat, trans- 
versely grooved, grooves deep, rather wide apart; aperture ob- 
long, brown within. 

This species is more slender than J/. striata, and of a different 
colour; the transverse grooves are also much closer together, and 
their edges are rounded ; the twist of the columella is not so dis- 
tinct, and the aperture is brown internally. 


Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.) 


3. Monopryema GRANULATA (pl. clxxu. f. 19), A. Adams, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. 


M. testa ovato-turrité, alba, solidi; anfractibus planiusculis, 
eradatis, longitudinaliter corrugato-plicatis, transversim sulcatis, 
sulcis profundis, valdé distantibus, interstittis levibus ; apertura 
oblong’ ; columella plicé subproducta. 

Ovately turreted, white, solid; whorls rather flat, gradate, lon- 
gitudinally corrugately plicate, transversely grooved, grooves deep, 
very wide apart, interstices smooth; aperture oblong; columella 
with the fold rather prominent. 

This is a rather short and obtuse, white, solid species, very 
strongly grooved transversely, and with the whorls longitudinally 
corrugately plicated. 


Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.) 


4. Monopryema tava (pl. clxxu. f. 20), 4. Adams, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1851. 


M. testa turrito-subulata, albida, tenui, subpellucida ; anfracti- 
bus planiusculis, longitudinaliter eleganter striatis, transversim 
sulcatis, sulcis distantibus; apertura oblong’; columellé obliqua 
et curvata. 

Subulately turreted, whitish, thin, rather pellucid ; whorls flat- 
tened, longitudinally striated, transversely grooved, grooves wide 
apart ; aperture oblong, columella oblique, curved. 

A very beautifully-sculptured species, dredged from ten fathoms, 


818 


at Bolinao, Philippines, by Mr. Cuming; the outline is subulate, 
and the whorls are rather flattened and longitudinally striated. 
(Mus. Cuming.) 


5. Monovryema amana (pl. clxxu. f. 21), 4. Adams, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 1851. 


M. testa ovato-acuminati, tenui, subpellucida, albida, longitu- 
dinaliter substriata; anfractibus convexiusculis, transversim sul- 
catis, sulcis valdé distantibus, interstitiis eleganter punctatis ; 
apertura oblong, anticé dilataté ; columella recta. 

Ovately acuminated, thin, rather pellucid, white, longitudinally 
somewhat striated; whorls rather convex, transversely sulcated, 
grooves very wide apart, interstices elegantly punctate ; aperture 
oblong, anteriorly dilated ; columella straight. 

This is a most exquisite species both in form and sculpture ; 
the whorls are rounded and punctate-striate, and the shell is nearly 
pellucid. 

Bolinao, Philippines; ten fathoms. (Mus. Cuming.) 


6. Monopryema casra (pl. clxxi. f. 22), 4. ddams, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. 


M. testa ovato-turritd, alba, tenui, semipellucidd; anfractibus 
convexiusculis, transversim sulcatis, sulcis subconfertis, interstitis 
pulcherrimé striatis; apertura oblongd, anticé product ; columella 
obliqua, subtortuosa. 

Ovately turreted, white, thin, semipellucid; whorls rather 
rounded, transversely grooved, grooves rather close together, 
interstices very beautifully striated; aperture oblong, anteriorly 
produced ; columella oblique, somewhat tortuous. 

This pure white, ovate form is from the China Seas, being col- 
lected by the writer during the voyage of H.M.S. Samarang. 
The whorls are grooved, with the interstices striated. (Mus. 
Cuming.) 


7. Monopryema speciosa (pl. elxxii. f. 24, 25), A. Adams, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. 


M. testa turrita, subulata, albida, tenui, semipellucidé ; anfrac- 
tibus octo, convexiusculis ; suturd profunda, cingillis transversis 
elevatis, interstitiis concinné cancellatis ornaté; apertura oblongo- 
ovali, columella subrecté, superné plicd obliqua, subobsoleta, im- 
structa. 

Turreted, subulate, white, thin, semipellucid; whorls eight, 
rather convex; suture deep, with transverse elevated ridges, with 


819 


the interstices cancellated ; aperture oblong-oval ; columella rather 
straight, with an oblique, faint plait. 

An elegant, semi-transparent species, resembling an elongated 
Actaon, with the whorls encircled with elevated cingilli, and the 
interstices cancellated. 


Baclayon ; Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.) 


8. Monopryema sprrava (pl. clxxi. f. 26, 27, 28), A. Adams, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. 


M. testa turrita, alba, epidermide fuse obtecti ; anfractibus octo, 
planiusculis, gradatis ; suturd canaliculata ; plicis longitudinalibus, 
angustis, confertis, et sulcis transversis decussatim ornat’; aper- 
turd oblong’; labio plicd unic’ obliqua instructo. 

Turreted, white, covered with a thin brownish epidermis ; whorls 
white, gradate, suture channelled ; whorls with decussating longi- 
tudinal plicee and transverse grooves ; aperture oblong; columella 
with an oblique fold. 

A. small turreted species, covered, in the living state, with a light 
brown epidermis, and with the surface of the whorls regularly 
and beautifully decussated with raised lines. 

Camaguan, Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.) 


9. Monopryema styiina (pl. clxxu. f. 29, 30), 4. ddams, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. 


M. test subulata, in medio incrassata, alba, subpellucida; an- 
fractibus novem ad duodecim, planiusculis; transversim tenuiter 
striata, longitudinaliter substriat&; apertura oblong’; labio su- 
perné plicé obliqua instructo ; labro, in medio, subrecto. 

A remarkable white, subulate species, with the middle whorls, 
especially those near the apex, enlarged. 

Catanuan; Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.) 


10. Monortyema suturatis (pl. clxxii. f. 31, 32), 4. Adams, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. 


M. testa subulato-turrita, subumbilicata, alba, mitida, subdia- 
phand ; anfractibus septem, planis, suturd canaliculata, (ransversim 
sulcatis ; anfractu ultimo subsoluto, fasciis angustis, albo-articu- 
latis, ornato; apertura oblongo-ovali; labio plici evanida. 

A small, white species, with the last whorl nearly free, and 
having the suture deeply canaliculate. 


Philippine Islands. (Mus. Cuming.) 


11. Monopryema concinna (pl. clxxi. f. 34), d. Adams. 


M. testa ovato-turrité; spird producti, obtusiuscula, grisea ; 
5 0 


820 


( 


anfractibus sex, planiusculis, transversim sulcatis, interstitiis (sub 
lente) crenulatis; aperturd oblongi; columella uniplicati, subin- 
crassati, plici obliqui, subobsoleté ; labro margine crenulato, in- 
tus lrato. 

Ovate, turreted, grey ; spire produced, rather obtuse ; whorls 
six, rather flattened, transversely grooved, interstices (under the 
lens) crenulated ; aperture oblong; columella with a single, some- 
what obsolete, oblique plait ; outer lip internally lirate. 

Moreton Bay. (Mus. Cuming.) 


12. Monorryema pura (pl. elxxu. f. 33), 4. Adams. 


M. testé ovato-turritd, solidiuscula, alb’; anfractibus convexi- 
2 o) 2 
usculis, transversim sulcatis, liris intermediis levibus, interstitiis 
longitudinaliter concinné striatis; apertura oblongi; columella 
plicé subobliquaé, medio instructa. 
Ovate-turreted, rather solid, white; whorls somewhat convex 
3 I ) 3) 
transversely grooved, the intermediate lire smooth, the grooves 
longitudinally striated; aperture oblong; columella with a single 
median, oblique plait. 


New Zealand. (Mus. Cuming.) 


LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CLXIX. TO CLXXII. 


(The Figure after each Name refers to the number of the Species.) 


Puate CLXIX. Fig. 
EULIMA. 16. H. pyramidalis, A. Ad Ml, 
Vig. 17. — nitida, Lam. 28. 
1. E. polita, Linn. 1. 18. — nitidula, 4. Ad. 12. 
2. — lactea, 4. Ad. 25. 19. — iota, C. B. Ad. 22. 
3, 4. — major, Sowd. 3. 20, — nitida, Lam. 28. 
5. — Martini, 4. Ad. 8. 21. — pusilla, Sowd. 7. 
6. — distorta, Desh. 2. 22. — flexuosa, 4. dd. 13. 
7, 8. — hastata, Sows. 4. 23. — teinostoma, 4. dd. 14. 
9, 10. — pusilla, Sowd. 7. 24. — grandis, 4. dd. 19. 
11, 12. — subangulata, Sowd. 6. 25. — porcellana, 4. 4d. 18. 


13. — solidula, 4d. et Rve. 9. 26. — Cumingii, 4. dd. 21. 
14. — tortuosa, Ad. et Rve. 10.)27, 28. — modicella, 4. Ad. 20. 
15. — articulata, Sowd. 5. 29,30. — acuta, 4. Ad. 17. 


821 


Fig. Fig. 
31. E. labiosa, Sowd. 26. 10,11. O. cinctus, Reeve, 6. 
32. — brevis, Sow. 27. 12. — monilis, 4. Ad. 5. 
33. — cuspidata, 4. dd. 16. 13. — ventricosus, Gmel. 4. 
34. — obesula, 4. dd. 15. 14, — punctatus, Chem. 3. 
35. — vitrea, 4. Ad. 23. 15. — ventricosus, Gel. 4. 
36. — polygyra, 4. dd. 24. 16. — tessellatus, 4. dd. 12. 
17. — turritus, 4. Ad. 9. 
Pirate CLXX. 18. — terebelloides, 4. Ad. 11. 
NISO. 19. — elegans, 4. dd. 14. 
1. N. goniostoma, 4. Ad. 6. 20. — pulchellus, A, Ad. 13. 
Deena Miah oF 21. — aciculatus, 4. dd. 15. 
ee prince oo: 22, — attenuatus, A. Ad. 23. 
Meee = caadidula4e4ae: 23. — scitulus, 4. dd. 21. 
6, 7. — terebellum, Chem. 1. oe — hastatus, 4. dd. 24. 
8. — splendidula, Sowd. 1. 25. — balteatus, 4. dd. i 
9. — interrupta, Sows. 3. 26. — annulatus, ae Ad, 27. 
10, — imbricata, Soi. 8. 27. — punctatus, Chem. 3. 
28. — stylinus, 4. 4d. 22. 
LEIOSTRACA. 29, — striatulus, 4. dd. 28. 
ll. L. acuta, Sowd. 3. 30. — aclis, 4. dd. 26. 


12, 13. — Metealfei, 4..4d.1. [3 . 3%. — teres, 4. dd. 10. 
14. — Mindorensis, 4. ef R. 5.) 33- — clavulus, 4. dd. 25. 
15, 16. — subulata, Don. 2. 34. — sulcatus, 4. dd. 8. 
17. — unilineata, 4d. ef Rve.7.| 35. — brunneus, 4. dd. 20. 
18, 19. — bivittata, Wet A. dd.8,) 36. — aciculatus, 4. dd. 15. 
20 ?-22.—bilineata, Ald. 4. 


23, 24. — varians, Sowd. 6. Puate CLXXIL. 
25. — recta, C. B. Ad. 2. PYRAMIDELLA. 
Pram CLXXL 2 ie auris-cati, Chem. 1. 
3. — magnifica, dd. et Rve. 4. 
STILT ISLOUSES: 4, — corrugata, Lam. 2. 
1-3. O. dolabratus, Zinn. 1. 5. — nodicineta, 4. Ad. 5. 
4. — gracilis, Broce. 7. 6, 7. — glans, Reeve, 3. 
5, 6. — terebellum, AZi/. 8. — propinqua, 4. dd. 6. 
7. — pusillus, 4. dd. 16. 9. — mitralis, 4. Ad. 7. 
8. — fastigium, 4. dd. 18. 10. — variegata, 4, Ad. 8. 


9. — perforatus, 4. dd, 19. 11. — nitida, 4. Ad. 9. 


Fig. Fig. 
12. P. metula, 4. dd. 10. 21. M.ameena, 4. Ad. 5. 
13. — subulata, 4. Ad. 12. 22. — casta, 4. Ad. 6. 
14, 15. — gracilis, 4. dd. 11. 23. — fulva, 4. Ad. 2. 
16,17. — aclis, 4. Ad. 13. 24, 25. — speciosa, 4. dd. 7. 
26-28. — spirata, 4. dd. 8. 
OT 29, 30. — stylina, 4. dd. 9. 
18. M. striata, Gray, 1. 31, 32. — suturalis, 4. dd. 10. 
19. — granulosa, 4. dd. 3. 33. — pura, 4. dd. 12. 
20. — lauta, 4. Ad. 4. 34. — concinna, 4. dd. 11. 


ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SPECIES OF THE GENERA 
EULIMA, NISO, LEIOSTRACA, OBELISCUS, PYRAMIT- 
DELLA, AND MONOPTYGMA. 


aciculatus, 4. ddams, Obl. 15. pl. 171. f. 21. 
aclis, 4. Addams, Obl. 26. pl. 171. f. 30. 

aclis, 4. Adams, Pyr. 13. pl. 172. f. 16, 17. 
acuta, 4. Adams, Kul. 17. pl. 169. f. 29, 30. 
acuta, Sowd., Lsty. 3. pl. 170. f. 25. 

albus, Kul. polita, 1. 

ameena, 4. 4dams, Mon. 5. pl. 172. f. 21. 
Anglica, Hu. polita, 1. 

annulatus, 4. ddams, Obl. 27. pl. 171. f. 26. 
articulata, Sowd., Hul. 5. pl. 169. f. 15. 
attenuatus, 4. Adams, Obl. 23. pl. 171. f. 22. 
auris-cati, Chem., Pyr. 1. pl. 172. f. 1, 2. 
balteatus, 4. ddams, Obl. 17. pl. 171. f. 25. 
bilineata, Alder, Lstr. 4. pl. 170. f. 20? 21, 22. 
bivittata, H. e¢ A. Adams, Lstr. 8. pl. 170. f. 18, 19. 
Boscit, Hul. polita, 1. 

brevis, Sows., Kul. 27. pl. 169. f. 32. 


823 


brunnea, Sowd., Niso 5. pl. 170. f. 3. 
brunneus, 4. Adams, Obl. 20. pl. 171. f. 35. 
Cambessedesii, Lstr. subulata, 2. 

candidula, 4. Adams, Niso 7, pl. 170. f. 4, 5. 
casta, 4. ddams, Mon. 6. pl. 172. f. 22. 
clavulus, 4. ddams, Obl. 25. pl. 171. f. 33. 
cinctus, Reeve, Obl. 6. pl. 171. f. 10, 11. 
concinna, 4. ddams, Mon. 11. pl. 172. f. 34. 
corrugata, Lamk., Pyr. 2. pl. 172. f. 4. 
Cumingi, 4. 4ddams, Bul. 21. pl. 169. f. 26. 
euspidata, 4. Adams, Bul. 16. pl. 169. f. 33. 
distorta, Desh., Eul. 2. pl. 169. f. 6. 
dolabratus, Linn., Obl. 1. pl. 171. f. 1, 2, 3. 
Donovani, Lstr. subulata, 2. 

elegans, 4. ddams, Obl. 14. pl. 171. f. 19. 
fastigium, 4. ddams, Obl. 18. pl. 171. f. 8. 
flavocincta, Lstr. subulata, 2. 

flexuosa, 4. ddams, Kul. 13. pl. 169. f. 22. 
fulva, 4. Adams, Mon. 2. pl. 172. £. 28. ° 
glans, Reeve, Pyr. 3. pl. 172. f. 6, 7. 

glaber, Lstr. subulata, 2. 

goniostoma, 4. Adams, Niso 6. pl. 170. f. 1. 
gracilis, Brocchi, Obl. 7. pl. 171. f. 4. 
gracilis, 4. ddams, Pyr. 11. pl. 172. f. 14, 15. 
grandis, 4. Addams, Kul. 19. pl. 169. f. 24. 
granulata, 4. Adams, Mon. 3. pl. 172. f. 19. 
guttata, Obl. punctatus, 3. 

hastata, Sowd., Kul. 4. pl. 169. f. 7, 8. 
hastatus, 4. Addams, Obl. 24. pl. 171. f. 24. 
imbricata, Sowd., Niso 8. pl. 170. f. 10. 
interrupta, Sowd., Niso 3. pl. 170. f. 9. 

iota, C. B. Adams, Bul. 22. pl. 169. f. 19. 
Jamaicensis, Kul. pusilla, 7. 

labiosa, Sowd., Kul. 26. pl. 169. f. 31. 
lactea, 4. Adams, Bul. 25. pl. 169, f. 2. 
lauta, 4. Adams, Mon. 4. pl. 172. f. 20. 
lineata, Lsty. subulata, 2. 

maculosa, Obl. punctata, 3. 


B24 


major, Sowb., Kul. 3. pl. 169. f. 3, 4. 
marmorata, Sowd., Niso 2. pl. 170. f. 2. 
Martinii, 4. ddams, Eul. 8. pl. 169. f. 5. 
magnifica, ddams et Reeve, Pyr. 4. pl. 172. f. 3. 
Metcalfei, 4. Adams, Lstr. 1. pl. 170. f. 12, 18. 
metula, 4. Adams, Pyr. 10. pl. 172. f. 12. 
Mindorensis, Adams et Reeve, Lstr. 5. pl. 170. f. 14. 
mitralis, 4. ddams, Pyr. 7. pl. 172. f. 9. 
modicella, 4. ddams, Kul. 20. pl. 169. f. 27, 28. 
monilis, 4. ddams, Obl. 5. pl. 171. f. 12. 
nitida, Lamk., Kul. 28. pl. 169. f. 17, 20. 
nitida, 4. Adams, Pyr. 9. pl. 172. f. 11. 
nitidula, 4. ddams, Kul. 12. pl. 169. f. 18. 
nodicincta, A. Adams, Pyr. 5. pl. 172. f. 5. 
obesula, A. Adams, Kul. 15. pl. 169. f. 34. 
perforatus, A. Adams, Obl. 19. pl. 171. f. 9. 
polita, Linn., Kul. 1. pl. 169. f. 1. 

plicata, Pyr. auris-cati, 1. 

polygyra, A. Adams, Kul. 24. pl. 169. f. 36. 
porcellana, A. Adams, Bul. 18. pl. 169. f. 25. 
propinqua, A. Adams, Pyr. 6. pl. 172. f. 8. 
pulchellus, A. Adams, Obl. 13. pl. 171. f. 20. 
punctatus, Chemn., Obl. 3. pl. 171. f. 14, 27. 
pura, 4. Adams, Mon. 12. pl. 172. f 33. 
pusilla, Sowd., Kul. 7. pl. 169. f. 9, 10, 21. 
pusillus, 4. Adams, Obl. 16. pl. 171. f. 7. 
pyramidalis, 4. Adams, Bul. 11. pl. 169. f. 16. 
recta, C. B. Adams, Lstr. 9. pl. 170. f. 25. 
scitulus, A. Adams, Obl. 21. pl. 171. f. 23. 
solidula, Adams et Reeve, Kul. 9. pl. 159. f. 13. 
speciosa, 4. Adams, Mon. 7. pl. 172. f. 24, 25. 
spiralis, Pyr. auris-cati, 1. 

spirata, 4. Adams, Mon. 8. pl. 172. f. 26, 27, 28. 
splendidula, Sowd., Niso 4. pl. 170. f. 8. 
striata, Gray, Mon. 1. pl. 172. f. 18. 
strombiformis, Kul. polita, 1. 

striatalus, A. Adams, Obl. 28. pl. 171. f. 29. 
strombiformis, Lstr. subulata, 2. 


825 


stylina, 4. Adams, Mon. 9. pl. 172. f. 29, 30. 
stylinus, A. Adams, Obl. 22. pl. 171. f. 28. 
subangulata, Sowd., Kul. 6. pl. 169. f. 11, 12. 
subulata, Donov., Lstr. 2. pl. 17. f. 15, 16. 
subulata, A. Adams, Pyr. 12. pl. 172. f. 6. 
sulcatus, A. Adams, Obl. 8. pl. 171. f. 34. 
suturalis, 4. Adams, Mon. 10. pl. 172. f. 31, 32. 
teinostoma, 4. ddams, Wul. 14, pl. 169. f. 23. 
terebellata, Niso terebellum, 1. 

terebellum, Chemn., Niso 1. pl. 170. f. 6, 7. 
terebellum, Mil. Obl. 2. pl. 171. f. 5, 6. 
terebelloides, 4. Adams, Obl. 11. pl. 171. f. 18. 
teres, 4. Adams, Obl. 10. pl. 171. f. 31, 32. 
tessellatus, 4. Addams, Obl. 12. pl. 171. f. 16. 
tortuosa, Adams et Reeve, Kul. 10. pl. 169. f. 14. 
trifasciatus, Lstr. subulata, 2. 

turritus, 4. Adams, Obl. 9. pl. 171. f. 17. 
unilineata, Adams et Reeve, Lstr. 7. pl. 170. f. 17. 
varians, Sowd., Lstr. 6. pl. 170. f. 23, 24. 
variegata, 4. Adams, Pyr. 8. pl. 172. f. 10. 
ventricosus, Guerin, Obl. 4. pl. 171, f. 13, 15. 
vitrea, 4. Adams, Kul. 23. pl. 169. f. 35. 


827 


MONOGRAPH 


STOMATELLINA, 


A SUB-FAMILY OF TROCHIDA. 


By ARTHUR ADAMS, F.L.S., Surezron R.N., prc. 


‘STOMATELLIN A. 


Head broad, proboscidiform ; tentacles subulate, with a fimbri- 
ated lobe at their inner bases; eyes on peduncles at the outer 
bases of the tentacles; mantle with the front edge entire; muscle 
of attachment crescentic, open in front; foot with a fringed, la- 
teral membrane. 

Operculum none, or rudimentary. 

Shell more or less ear-shaped, imperforate ; aperture very wide, 
pearly within, and with a crescentic muscular impression, inter- 
rupted in the region of the head. 

The shells described in this monograph constitute a very natural 
section of the Zrochide, which family may be divided into three 
sub-families, or Twrbinine, in which the operculum is shelly ; 
Trochina, where it is horny; and Stomatelline, in which it is 
absent or rudimentary. The Stomatelline differ from the Halio- 
tide, with which they are sometimes confounded, in the mantle 
not being fissured anteriorly, in the muscle of attachment being 
in the form of a horse-shoe round the sides and hind part of the 
mantle, instead of being ovate and central, and in the shell not 
being furnished with a series of holes. 

In their habits these Molluscs are littoral, living on coral-reefs 
and among stones between tide-marks; the finest species prefer 
coral reefs exposed to the action of the waves. Some of the 
genera, as Gena and Stomatia, have considerable locomotive 
powers, and glide (especially Genz) with some degree of celerity. 


heap 


828 


The latter genus and Stomatia possess the faculty, common to 
some other kinds of Mollusca, of spontaneously detaching a con- 
siderable portion of the hind part of the foot, when disturbed or 
irritated. 

Very possibly the genus Anatomus of Montfort, or the Sczssu- 
rella of D’Orbigny, although the operculum is said to be present, 
may likewise belong to this sub-family of Zrochide. 


Genus GHNA, Gray. 


Animal subspiral, oval, depressed, too large to retract entirely 
within the shell; frontal lobes plumose; foot very large, thick, 
fleshy, tubercular, posteriorly greatly produced, lateral membrane 
not fimbriated, more or less extended, and covering the sides of 
the shell. 

Operculum none. 

Shell subspiral, oblong, ear-shaped, depressed, smooth or stri- 
ated; spire flattened, nearly obsolete; aperture large, pearly 
within. 


1. Gena Lure (pl. clxxii. f. 4, 5), Linnaeus (Patella), Syst. 
Nat. ed. 10. p. 783. Stomatella auricula, Zam. Encyel. pl. 450. 
fia o, 


G. testi haliotoided, ovaté, oblong’, dorso convexé, levigati, 
luteo-rosed, fusco-lineaté ; spird laterali, subprominula ; labro sinu 
arcuato. 

Shell haliotoid, ovate-oblong, convex on the back, smooth, yel- 
lowish-rosy, with fuscous lines; spire lateral, rather prominent ; 
outer lip arcuated, sinuous. 

Hastern Seas, Celebes, ete. (Mus. Cuming.) 


2. Guna varia (pl. clxxii. f. 6, 7, 8), 4. ddams, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. Feb. 1850. 


G. testa haliotoided, ovato-oblong4, polité, dorso equaliter con- 
vexd, latere sinistro striaté, luteo, rubro alboque variegata ; spira 
prominula, erecti, acuminata. 

A pretty little species, usually confounded with G. Zutea, but 
easily distinguished when its profile is examined; the dorsum is 
equally convex and polished, and the spire is rather prominent, 
erect, and acuminated. 

Calapan, island of Mindoro; Acapulco; on the sands. Cod. 
Moffatt. (Mus. Cuming.) 


829 


3. GENA PLANULATA (pl. clxxil. f. 1, 2, 3), Lamarck (Sto- 
matella), Hist. ed. Desh. vol. iv. p. 17. 

G. testi haliotoided, oblonga, planulaté, dorso convexo-depressa, 
tenuiter striata, virente, fusco-maculaté; spird minima, ad latus 
decumbente. 

Shell haliotoid, oblong, flattened, convexly depressed on the 
back, finely striated, greenish, spotted with fuscous; spire small, 
laterally inclined. 

Island of Camaguin; under smooth Sue, low water. (Mus. 
Cuming.) 


4, Guna nicra (pl. clxxii. f. 14, 15, 16), Quoy et Gaimard 
(Stomatella), Voy. de l’Astrol. tab. 17. f. 154, 155. 


G. testi elongato-ovali, convexd, levi, nigri, margine dextro 
longitrorsum striata, mtus violaceo fulgente; spird minima, sub- 
terminali; apertura ovali-integra. 

Shell elougately oval, convex, smooth, black, with the right 
margin longitudinally striated, within brilliant violet; spire very 
small, subterminal ; aperture ovate, entire. 

Tonga Tabou, Sandwich Islands. (Mus. Cuming.) 


5. Gena pLumBea (pl. clxxin. f. 13), 4. Adams, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. Feb. 1850. 


G. testa haliotoided, ovato-oblonga, dorso ad latus dextrum gib- 
bosd, ad sinistrum planulaté, plumbed, decussatim tota striata; spira 
prominulé; anfractibus rotundatis, ultimo ad suturam gibboso ; 
apertura posticé subcanaliculatd ; labro, in medio, flexuoso. 

Decussately striated, lead-coloured, the right side of the back 
gibbous, the left flattened ; outer lip flexuous in the middle. 

Java. (Mus. Cuming. ) 


6. Gena srriatuLa (pl. clxxi. f. 9, 10), 4. Adams, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


G. testd haliotoided, ovato-oblonga, dorso planiuscula, tota stri- 
ati, striis profundis, subdistantibus, rubri, flaveolo aurantiaco 
fuscoque varié pict; spiri prominuld, nonnunquam subdistorta ; 
labro valdé flexuoso. 

Flat on the back, entirely striated, the strie deep and rather 
wide apart; red, varied with orange, yellow, and brown; spire 
prominent, sometimes rather contorted; outer lip strongly flexu- 
ous. 

Calapan, island of Mindoro; on small stones, nine fathoms. 
Australia. veut. Preston. (Mus. Cuming.) 


830 


7. Gena stricosa (pl. clxxi. f. 11, 12), 4. Adams, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


G. testi haliotoided, ovato-oblong’, dorso subplanata, tot stri- 
ati, stris irregularibus, subconfertis, olivaced, lilaceo alboque varia, 
fasciis subfuscis, pallidis alternantibus, longitudinaliter ornata ; 
labro haud sinuoso. 

Dorsum flat; surface entirely striated, olivaceous-lilac, variegated 
with white, and with alternating pale and fuscous stripes. 

Hab. P (Mus. Cuming.) 


8. GENA NEBULOSA (pl. clxxni. f. 23), 4. Adams, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. Feb. 1850. 


G. testé haliotoided, ovato-oblonga, dorso tota striatd, alba, rufo- 
fusco nebulosd; spiri prominula, anfractibus angulatis; apertura 
elongata, ovali; columellé callo crasso rimam umbilicalem obte- 
gente. 

Striated, white, clouded with reddish-brown; spire prominent ; 
whorls angulated; columella with a thick callus covering the um- 
bilical fissure. 

Australia. (Mus. Cuming.) 


9. Gena tintricuta (pl. clxxii. f. 22), 4. Adams, Pro. Zool. 
Soc. Feb. 1850. 


G. testa haliotoided, oblong’, dorso convexd, toté tenuissimé 
striata, tenui, fragili, carneolé, rubro maculata; spira subtermi- 
nali, minima, ad latus decumbente; apertura aperta, valdé elon- 
gata. 

Shell thin, brittle, striated, flesh-coloured, spotted with red ; 
apex subterminal, small, laterally inclined; aperture greatly elon- 
gated. 

Calapan, island of Mindoro; on smooth stones, nine fathoms. 
(Mus. Cuming.) 


10. Gena trnzata (pl. clxxii. f. 26, 27), 4. Adams, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


G. testé subturbinaced, solida, levi, polita, convexd, ovali, car- 
neola, lineis rubris longitudinalibus ornaté; spira prominula, an- 
fractibus rotundatis ; apertura subrotundaté; columella planulata, 
callosi; labro simplici. 

Solid, polished, convex, pink, with longitudinal red lines ; spire 
prominent, whorls rounded; aperture subcircular; columella 
callous, rather flattened. 

Hab. P (Mus. Cuming.) 


831 


11. Gena concinna (pl. clxxun. f. 20, 21), Gould (Stoma- 
tella), Exp. Shells. 


G. testa tenui, auriformi, subventricosa, carned, lineis rubris trans- 
versis, obliquis (seepe interruptis) ornatd ; spira obtusa, brevissima ; 
anfractu ultimo inflato; aperturé ampla, transversim ovata ; colu- 
mella acuta, perobliqua. 

A small, rather thin species, prettily painted with oblique, trans- 
verse red lines, which are often interrupted. 


Sandy Island. (Mus. Cuming.) 


12. Guna PULCHELLA (pl. clxxui. f. 17, 18, 12), 4. Adams, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


G. testé convexo-depressi, ovali, alba, rufo maculatd, dorso 
convexi, totd striati; spirdé prominuli, anfractibus rotundatis ; 
apertura magna, ovali, intis margaritaced, iridescente. 

Shell white, spotted with red, convex and striated; spire pro- 
minent, with rounded whorls; aperture iridescent internally. 


Hab. P (Mus. Metcalfe.) 


13. Gena aspEruata (pl. clxxii. f. 28, 29), A. Adams, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


G. testa haliotoidea, dorso convex; rufo-fusca, cingulé alba, lata, 
longitudinali, ornaté; lineis elevatis, subconfertis, striisque longi- 
tudinalibus, obliquis, decussata ; spird posticA subprominula, alba ; 
apertura elongata, ovall. 

Convex, rufo-fuscous, with a wide, white zone, and with decus- 
sated, elevated, close-set striz; spire rather prominent, postical, 
white. 

Hab. P (Mus. Metcalfe.) 


14. Gena ornata (pl. clxxin. f. 24, 25), A. Adams, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


G. testa subturbinacea, ovali, levi, polita, dorso convex, fusco- 
rubra, lineis nigris, albo-articulatis, longitudinalibus ornata; spird 
prominula, roseA; apertura ovali; columella arcuata, simplici ; 
labro reflexo, posticé subflexuoso. 

Smooth, polished, convex, reddish-brown, with longitudinal 
black lines, articulated with white; spire rather prominent; outer 
lip reflexed posteriorly, subflexuous. 

Island of Ticao, Philippines; on the reefs. (Mus. Cuming.) 


832 


Genus BRODERIPTA, Gray. 


Animal unknown. 
Operculum ; 
Shell ancyliform, non-spiral, oblong-ovate, flattened ; apex pos- 

terior, involute ; aperture very large, ovate, perlaceous internally. 
Syn. Scutella (pars), Broderip. 


1. Bropertpra rRipEscens (pl. clxxiii. f. 32, 33), Broderip 
(Scutella), Pro. Zool. Soc. June, 1834. 


B. testa oblongo-ovaté, complanaté, minutissimé substriata, 
albo et roseo guttatim tessellaté ; intis iridescente, margine in- 
terno albo, roseo maculato. 

This species is the most depressed and fragile of the three, and 
is very prettily tessellated with white and pink. 

Grimwood’s Island, Pacific Ocean. (Mus. Cuming.) 


2. Broppriria rosea (pl. clxxii. f. 84, 35), Broderip (Scu- 
tella), Pro. Zool. Soc. June, 1834. 


B. testi subconicé, striata, alba, lincis flammulisque roseis or- 
natd; intts nitente, interduin subiridescente. 

This species is of a more conical form than the others, and the 
interior of the aperture is not so vividly iridescent. 


Grimwood’s Island, Pacific Ocean. (Mus. Cuming.) 


3. Broperipra Cuminer (pl. clxxiii. f. 30, 31), 4. Adams, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


B. test&é ovata, depresso-convexi, subpellucida, pallida, radius 
rubris picta, concentricé corrugato-striata, striis granulosis, vertice 
postico excentrico-submarginali ; aperturd patuld, intus margari- 
taced, margine albo limbo maculis rufis picto; margine columellari 
acuté angulato, prominente, posticé subrecto. 

Granulated on the upper surface ; the columellar margin is also 
prominent and angulated. 


Capul, Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Genus STOMATELLA, Lamarck. 


Animal spiral, retractile within the shell; frontal lobes trian- 
gular, with the front edge fringed ; foot operculigerous, small, flat, 


833 


not fleshy and tubercular, or produced posteriorly ; lateral mem- 
brane very wide, the circumference regularly fimbriated. 

Operculum orbicular, thin, horny, multispiral. 

Shell spiral, suborbicular, depressed, transversely ribbed or sul- 
ciferous ; spire more or less elevated, whorls rounded ; aperture 
large, wider than long, pearly within. 

Some of the species approach very nearly in character the genus 
Luchelus of Philippi, in the sub-family Zroching. Until the animals 
of all the species are known, they must of necessity be grouped 
artificially by a consideration of their shells, which, as a general 
rule, are transversely ribbed or grooved. The presence of an 
operculum is also a useful guide in distinguishing the genera, 
being already known in S. cancellata, 8. sulcifera, and S. macu- 
lata. The species of Huchelus may be known from the shells of 
Stomatella 1 the outer lip being double at the margin, and in 
the inner lip being furnished with a tooth. 

[The Author, having examined, in company with the Editor, all 
the species, with a view to separate, by some definite rule, the 
Stomatelle from the Stomatia, could find no character in the 
shell so suitable for that purpose as the wrinkling of the last 
whorl at the suture in Stomatie. All the Stomatella, known as 
such by the presence of an operculum or a retractile animal, are 
without the wrinkling, while the species known as Stomatiz have 
it. We have therefore adopted this as a (perhaps artificial) sign 
in arranging with either genus the species whose animals are 
unknown. | 


1. SromaTeLta mmsricata (pl. clxxiv. f.1), Lamarck, Encyel. 
pl. 450, f. 2 a6; Hist. ed. Desh. vol. iv. p. 16. 


S. testd suborbiculari, convexo-depressi, scabriuscula, grisea ; 
sulcis transversis, confertis, imbricato-squamosis ; spiri subpromi- 
nula. 

Shell suborbicular, convexo-depressed, rugose, griseous, with 
transverse, imbricato-squamous, close-set grooves; spire rather 
prominent. 

Torres Straits. Jukes. (Mus. Cuming.) 


2. STOMATELLA SULCIFERA (pl. clxxiv. f. 3), Lamarck, Hist. 
ed. Desh. vol. ix. p. 16. 


S. test& suborbiculaté, convexd, tenui, transversim sulcata, lon- 
gitudinaliter tenuissimé striata, griseo-rubente, sulcis scabrius- 
culis; spud prominula. 

Shell suborbiculate, convex, thin, transversely sulcate. longitu- 


834 


dinally very finely striated, greyish-red, sulci rugose ; spire slightly 
prominent. 

Philippines ; Catbalonga, island of Samaar, under stones ; island 
of Ticao, on the reefs, low water. (Mus. Cuming.) 


3. Stomaretta Cuminett (pl. clxxv. f. 38), 4. Adams. 

S. testé auriformi, imperforaté ; spird’ depress’; albida, lutes- 
centi, candescenti, transversim spiraliter costaté, costis elevatis, 
subsequalibus, asperis, rufo-fusco articulatis, interstitiis lamellis 
subimbricatis, tenuibus, longitudinalibus ornatis; apertura patula, 
intus sulcosi; labio sub-reflexo. 

This is a large and elegant species, with a peculiar yellowish 
glistening tinge in the intervals between the spiral rugose ribs; 
the aperture is very transverse, and the inner lip is reflexed on 
the columella. 

Hab. ? (Mus, Cuming.) 


4. STOMATELLA ARTICULATA (pl. clxxiv. f. 2), 4. Adams, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


S. testd suborbiculari, imperforata, convexd, tenui, grised, cos- 
tulis transversis nigro-articulatis, interstitis lineis longitudinalibus, 
elevatis ornaté; spird prominuld, anfractibus rotundatis; aper- 
turd oblongo-ovali, longiore quam latiore. 

Shell suborbicular, imperforate, convex, thin, greyish, with 
transverse ribs articulated with black, the interstices with elevated 
longitudinal lines ; spire rather prominent, whorls rounded ; aper- 
ture oblong-oval, longer than wide. 

Australia; Lord Hood’s Island, on the pearl oyster. JZ. C. 
(Mus. Cuming.) 


5. SroMaTELLa MacuLata (pl. clxxv. f. 32, 33, 34), Quoy 
et Gaimard, Voy. de VAstrol. t. im. p. 315. pl. 66 bis. f. 18-16. 


S. testa oblongo-orbiculata, convexa, longistrorsum transversim- 
que tenuissimé striaté, flavicante, fusco vel subrubro maculata, 
intus alba; spird prominenti. 

Shell oblong-orbicular, convex, longitudinally and transversely 
very finely striated, yellowish, spotted with reddish-brown, white 
internally ; spire prominent. 

Island of Vanikoro; Catanuan, province of Tayabas, island of 
Luzon; under stones. (Mus. Cuming.) 


6. SroMATELLA MONILIFERA (pl. clxxiv. f. 21), A. Adams, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


835 


S. test’ suborbiculari, convexo-depressi, imperforati, albida, 
rufo-punctaté, costellis moniliformibus, confertis, transversis or- 
nata; aperturd obliqua, subcircnlari. 

Shell suborbicular, convexly depressed, imperforate, whitish, 
spotted with rufous, and ornamented with transverse, close-set, 
granular ribs; aperture oblique, subcircular. 


Lab. P (Mus. Metcalfe.) 


7. StomaTeLLa notata (pl. clxxiv. f. 18, 19, 20, 21), 4. 
Adams (Stomatia), Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


S. test suborbiculari, depressd, pallide rose’, maculis purpureis 
valdé distinctis ornata, transversim carinata, carinis acutis, promi- 
nentibus, subdistantioribus, longitudinaliter valdé oblique striata ; 
spiri subprominula ; anfractibus supremis carinatis, apice acuto ; 
apertura subcirculari, intus margaritaced et transversim sulcata. 

A beautiful species, of a delicate rose tint, ornamented with 
very distinct purple spots. 

Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.) 


8. SroMaTELLA sANGUINEA (pl. clxxiv. f. 30), 4. Adams, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


S. test orbiculaté, depress’; spiri prominuld, acuta, coccined, 
transversim tenuissimé sulcati, longitudmaliter obliqué striata, 
carinulis transversis, subdistantibus, nodulosis ornati; apertura 
ovali, obliquai; columelld subcallosd, area’ umbilicali alba, intus 
margaritaced, sulcosi. 

This species is of a beautiful red colour, orbicular, depressed, 
transversely sulcate, and with nodulous, transverse keels, rather 
wide apart; the columella is somewhat callous, and there is a 
white area round the umbilical region. 

Island of Ticao; under stones, low water. (Mus. Cuming.) 


9. SromaTeLua speciosa (pl. clxxiv. f. 29), 4. Adams, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


S. testa orbiculato-conica, alba, sanguineo-maculata, transversim 
carinata, longitudinaliter valdé striata, carinis obtusis, prominenti- 
bus, carinulis intermediis instructis; spird prominula, anfractibus 
tricarinatis ; apertura ovali, intus margaritacea. 

Orbiculately conical, white, spotted with blood-red, transversely 
keeled, the keels with other smaller keels between them; the 
whorls of the spire tri-carinate. 

Grimwood’s Island. (Mus. Cuming.) 


836 


10. SromaTELLA CANDIDA (pl. clxxiv. f. 22), 4. Addams (Sto- 
matia), Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


S. test& suborbiculaté, depressi, candida, transversim tota cari- 
nati, carinulis parvis, confertis, permultis, elevatiusculis, subnodu- 
losis, interstitus longitudinaliter tenuissimé striatis; spird depres- 
siuscula ; anfractibus rotundatis; aperturé obliqua, subcirculari, 
longiore quam latiore. 

A pure white species, orbiculately depressed, with numerous 
acute keels on the whorls, and with the spaces between the ribs 
finely striated. 

Korean Archipelago; coral reefs. 4.4. (Mus. Cuming.) 


11. StomaTeLia CANCELLATA (pl. clxxiv. f. 6, 7, 8, 9), Krauss, 
Siidafrican. Moll. tab. 5. f. 26. 


S. testé umbilicaté, suborbiculari, convexé, solida, cinereo-albida, 
sordidé rufo-fasciaté ; costellis transversis, obtusis, irregularibus, 
striisque longitudinalibus, tenuibus, in anfractu penultimo dis- 
tinctioribus, cancellaté ; spiraé prominente, apice acuti; apertura 
obliquaé, mediocri, rotundaté, tus margaritaced; margine colu- 
mellari breviter subreflexo ; umbilico distincto, levi. 

A turbinate, cancellated, rather solid shell, with a conspicuous 
umbilicus, and approaching in character to Huchelus. 


Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope. (Mus. Cuming.) 


12. SromaTeLta papyRacea (pl. clxxiv. f. 4, 5), Chemnitz, 
Conch. tab. 5. pl. 182. £.1817, 1818. Stomatella tumida, Gould, 
Iixp. Shells, p. 51. 

S. testi subglobosi, depressiuscula, levigatissima, transversim 
multifasciata, fasciis punctis albis rufisque articulatis : ; anfractibus 
convexiusculis, ultimo basi depresso; apertura subcirculari, ob- 
liqui, fauce argented; columelld angusti, basi callo semicirculari, 
albo, clausd. 

The aniinal has a horny operculum, and, although bulky, is en- 
abled to retract entirely within the shell. 

Australia; Sooloo Archipelago. 4.4. (Mus. Cuming.) 


13. Sromaterta Arabica (pl. clxxiv. f. 27, 28), 4. Adams. 


S. testa ovato-globosi, subturbinaté, umbilicatdé, alba, rubro 
concimné variegata; spira producti; anfractibus liratis, ultimo 
ventricoso, convexo, transversim striatis; apertura aperta, s sub- 
ovali ; columella obliqua ; regione umbilicali impresso ; labio albo, 
tenui, reflexo, umbilicum partim obtectens. 

This is a small species, with the whorls round and simply stri- 


ated; the colour and markings vary; the ground however is 
usually white, with large, irregular, reddish blotches. 
Red Sea. (Mus. Cuming.) 


14. SromaTELLA HALIOTOIDEA (pl. clxxiv. f. 10, 11), Sowerdy, 
Genera. 


S. testa haliotoided, tenui, apice acuto, fusco, rufo, alboque varie 
pict, seepe aibida, virido-maculata ; anfractibus planiusculis, trans- 
versim liratis, liris confertis, rugosiusculis ; regione umbilicali im- 
presso, vix rimato ; apertura orbiculato-ovali, obliqua. 

Shell rather orbicular, with an acute apex, transversely lirate, 
and variously coloured with red, green, brown, and white. 

Philippines; under stones, low water. (Mus. Cuming.) 


15. StomaTELLa FULGURANS (pl. clxxiv. f. 12), 4. Adams, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


S. testa suborbiculari, subperforaté, convexd; spird acuminata, 
apice acuto, roseo, transversim suleatd, carinulis transversis albo 
maculatis, longitudinaliter striata, striis subtus obsoletis; albida, 
lineis fuscis undulatis variegaté; apertura ovali, obliqua, intus 
margaritaced, valdé sulcosi. 

The spire is acuminated, with a rosy apex, and the shell is 
whitish, varied with undulated, fuscous lines; the aperture is 
strongly sulcate internally. 

Bais, island of Negros; under stones, low water. H.C. (Mus. 
Cuming.) 


16. Sromarerta Manuxana (pl. clxxiv. f. 17), 4. Adams, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


S. testi suborbiculaté, convexd, imperforaté, transversim sul- 
cati, longitudinaliter striata, costulis transversis, striatis cincta, 
mustelind, rufo-fusco, variegata, subtus costis albo rufoque articu- 
latis ; spird prominuld; apertura ovali, longiore quam latiore. 

This is a solid, orbicular, rather depressed species, variegated 
with reddish-brown, and with the whorls adorned with transverse, 
striated ribs. 


Moluccas. (Mus. Cuming.) 


17. SromareLxa orBicuata (pl. clxxiv. f. 23, 24), 4. Adams, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


S. test&é suborbiculari, convexd, virescenti, castanco variegata, 
transversim suicata, longitudinaliter striata, costis confertis rotun- 
datis instruct’; spird prominula, anfractibus rotundatis; aper- 
tur’ subcirculari, intus viridescenti. 


838 


An orbicular, transversely-grooved species, with rounded whorls, 
and with the aperture greenish internally. 

Mosambique; under stones, low water. Rev. W. V. Hennah. 
(Mus. Cuming.) 


18. Sromatetta Japontca (pl. clxxiv. f. 14), A. Adams, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


S. testi suborbiculari, imperforata, convexd, fuscd, transversim 
costulata, costulis confertis nodulosis, interstitiis tenuissimé longt- 
tudinaliter striatis; spird prominulé; anfractibus costatis, rotun- 
datis ; apertwrd subcirculari, intus margaritaced. 

The aperture in this species is subcircular, and the whorls are 
rounded and transversely ribbed; the colour is brown, and the 
ribs are nodulous and close-set. 

Japan. (Mus. Cuming.) 


18 a. STOMATELLA SPLENDIDULA, A. Adams. 


S. testa haliotoided, orbiculato-depress4, imperforata ; spire: an- 
fractibus tribus, bicarinatis, anfractu ultimo transversim lirato, 
liris ineequalibus, asperulatis, interstitiis longitudinaliter striatis ; 
superné pallida, ad suturas rubro-fusco radiata, inferné rufescenti, 
fusco-punctaté; imfima facie flammulis rubris, radiantibus, ornata ; 
apertura intus alba, opaci, virido spiraliter lineaté, margine mar- 
garitacea. 

In this species the columellar margin is reflexed and pearly, 
but the interior of the aperture, with the exception of the internal 
margin of the outer lip, is opaque white, with green spiral lines. 

Hab. 2? (Mus. Cuming.) 


19. Sromaretta Bacont (pl. elxxiv. f. 25, 26), 4. Adams. 

S. test ovali-orbiculata, subturbinatéi; spird producta, apice 
acuto, anfractibus superné concavis; sordidé alba, rufo-fusco va- 
riegaté; transversim spiraliter sulcat4, interstitiis longitudinaliter 
striatis; apertura mtts sulcataé; labio subincrassato, albo, reflexo, 
concentricé striato. 

In form this species somewhat resembles 8. papyracea, but it 
is smaller, of a more solid texture, and with the colourmg and 
sculpture of an entirely different character. 

Swan River. (Mus. Cuming.) 


20. SromMaTELLA PALLIDA (pl. clxxv. f. 44), 4. Adams (Sto- 
matia), Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


S. testa suborbiculari ; spird acuminata, alba, radiis pallidis, lon- 


839 


gitudinalibus picta, transversim lirata, interstitiis decussate striatis ; 
apertur’ transversi, subovali, intus porcellani; labio subrecto, 
calloso. 

A species somewhat resembling, in colouring, striped varieties of 
S. notata, but which differs materially in form and sculpture. 


Lord Hood’s Island. (Mus. Cuming.) 


21. SromaTeLLa BrIcaRtNaTa (pl. clxxv. f. 39, 40), 4. Adams. 


S. test turbinati, umbilicaté ; spiré producta ; lutescenti, macu- 
lis viridis, radiatim dispositis, ornatéi; anfractibus planiusculis, 
superné angulatis, ultimo carinis duabus, elevatis, instructo ; trans- 
versim spiraliter striaté; aperturd mediocri, subtetragonali; colu- 
mella recta, anticé vix callosa. 

This is a very pretty species, with a deep umbilicus and straight 
columella; the whorls are furnished with prominent keels, of 
which there are two on the last whorl; the shell is ornamented 
with green blotches. 

Moreton Bay, Australia. (Mus. Cuming.) 


22. SroMaTELLA Brporcata (pl. clxxv. f. 43), 4. Adams, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


S. test’ turbinaté, subdepressd, rubra, alba, obscuré variegata, 
transversim sulcati; spird acuminati, anfractibus quatuor, an- 
fractu ultimo porcis duabus, prominentibus, instructo; apertura 
subquadrata, intus margaritaced; labio subrecto; labro in medio 
biangulato ; umbilico callo obtecto. 

A small red species, with two rounded ridges on the last whorl, 
and with a subquadrate aperture. 

Australia. (Mus. Cuming.) 


23. STOMATELLA TIGRINA (pl. clxxv. f. 37), 4. Adams. Sto- 
matella tigrina, 4. Adams, Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


S. testé orbiculato-conicé, perforata, albida, fasciis rufis, radiatim 
dispositis, ornatd, bicarinata, carinis elevatiusculis, obtusis, trans- 
versim striatis ornaté, stris regularibus ; spira prominente, an- 
fractibus angulatis; aperturd subcirculari; labio subreflexo, cal- 
loso; umbilico distincto, subobtecto. 

White, umbilicated, with radiating fuscous bands; whorls with 
two elevated, obtuse, transversely-striated keels; inner lip subre- 
flexed and callous. 

Hab. P (Mus. Cuming.) 


24. STOMATELLA MARGARITANA (pl. clxxiv. f. 54), 4. Adams, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


84.0 


S. testa turbinaté ; spird elevaté; anfractibus rotundatis, rubra, 
longitudinaliter striata, transversim costulatd, costulis subnodu- 
losis, inequalibus ; apertura suborbiculari, intus margaritacea ; la- 
bro semicireulari ; umbilico callo obtecto. 

A small, red, transversely-ribbed species, having very much the 
appearance of a Margarita. 

Australia. (Mus. Cuming.) 


25. STOMATELLA coccinea (pl. elxxv. f. 35, 36), 4. Adams, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


S. testa orbiculato-conici, subperforat4, coccined, maculis albis, 
serlatim dispositis im anfractu ultimo, ornati, transversim tenuiter 
sulcati; anfractu ultimo subangulato; spiri prominente ; anfrac- 
tibus bicarinatis; aperturd subcirculari; labio postice reflexo, 
calloso. 

Subperforate, red, with white spots, disposed in rows on the 
last whorl; the last whorl is somewhat angulated, and the whorls 
of the spire are bicarinate; the inner lip is reflexed posteriorly, 
and callous. 

St. John’s. Mr. Hartweg. (Mus. Cuming.) 


26, SrOMATELLA CALLIOSTOMA (pl. clxxv. f. 41, 4:2), 4.Adams. 


S. testa ovato-subturbinataé, rimat&i; spird depressi; rufescenti, 
fusco variegata, transversim liraté, iris elevatis, ineequalibus ; 
apertura transversim ovali, intus rosea, iridescenti; labio tenui, 
acuto, arcuato. 

The interior of the aperture in this species is of a beautiful 
reddish or violet tint; externally, the whorls are spirally lirate, 
and of a dull, reddish-brown, variegated with markings of a 
darker colour. 


Ceylon. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Genus MICROTIS, H. et A. Adams. 


Animal as in Séomatia, but the foot with a deep, anterior fissure 
for the head, and with the front edge bilobed. 

Operculum none. 

Shell spiral, suborbicular, depressed, with two tuberculated 
ridges; spire slightly prominent; aperture very large, wider than 
long, pearly within; columellar margin spiral, visible as far as the 
apex of the spire. 

If the just law of priority should be carried into the Vegetable 


841 


Kingdom, the name of this little genus might be changed to Ji- 
crotina, as there is a genus of grasses named Microtis by Robert 
Brown. 


Microtis TuBercuLata (pl. clxxv. f. 45, 46, 47), 4. Adams, 
Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


M. test& suborbiculari, haliotoided, valdé depressi, viride varie- 
gati, transversim striatéi, bicarimaté, carinis tuberculatis, prope 
-suturam nodulosim plicati; spira vix elevatd, anfractibus carinatis; 
apertura magna, ovali, intus bi-sulcata, margaritaced. 

The shell resembles a small imperforate Hadiotis, and the colu- 
mellar margin is visible as far as the apex of the spire, as in some 
species of that genus. 

Island of Capul; on the sands, high water. (Mus. Cuming.) 


Gunus STOMATIA, Helbling. 


Animal spiral, too large entirely to enter the shell; tentacular 
frontal lobes digitated ; foot large, fleshy, tubercular, greatly pro- 
duced posteriorly ; lateral membrane fringed, ending anteriorly, 
on the left side, in a fimbriated crest under the eye-pedicel, and 
on the right, in a slightly-projecting fold, or gutter, leading to the 
respiratory cavity. 

Operculum none. 

Shell subspiral, oblong or suborbicular, carinated or tuber- 
culated; spire prominent; aperture wider than long, perlaceous 
within. 

Syn. Stomax, Montfort; Haliotoidea, Humphrey ; Sigaretus, 
Schum., not Lamarck or Cuv. 


1. Stomaria PHymoris (pl. clxxv. f. 48, 49, 50, 51, 52), 
Helblin, Privatg. 4, t. 2. f. 84,35. Haliotis imperforata, Chem. 
Var. Stomatia Australis, 4. Adams, Pro. Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 

S. testé haliotoided, ovato-oblong’, dorso convexa, striata, no- 
dulosi, argented; spird parvuld, contorta; labro tenui, acuto. 

Shell hahotoid, ovate-oblong, convex on the back, striated, no- 
dulous, silvery; spire small, contorted; outer lip thin, acute. 

The Stomatella obscurata of Lamarck, judging from the descrip- 
tion, is a worn specimen of the above species. 

Philippine Islands; on the reefs. (Mus. Cuming.) 


2. StoMatra DuPLICATA (pl. clxxv. f. 61, 62, 63), Sowerby 
(Stomatella), Genera. 


842 


S. testé haliotoidea, oblique conoided ; spird acuminata ; albida, 
fasciis latis, rubris radiatim pictd, transversim valdé striata; an- 
fractibus concavis, ad suturas longitudinaliter plicatis; anfractu 
ultimo carinis duabus, obtusis, transversis, instructo; apertura 
ovali, obliqua; labro, in medio, biangulato. 

A. species known readily by the two obtuse, transverse keels on 
the last whorl, and by the elevation of the spire. 

Cagayan, province of Misamis, island of Mindanao; under 
stones, low water. (Mus. Cuming.) 


3. Sromatia RuBRA (pl. clxxv. f. 53, 54, 55, 56), Lamarck 
(Stomatella), Hist. ed. Desh. vol. iv. p. 16. Stomatella sulcata, 
Lam. Encycl. pl. 450. £. 3 a 6. 


A 


S. testa orbiculato-convexd, transversim striaté et bicarinata, 
longitudinaliter obsoleté plicati, rubra, prope suturas albo-macu- 
lati, carinis nodulosis ; anfractibus superne planulatis; spird 
brevi, acuta. 

Shell orbiculate, convex, transversely striate and bicarinate, 
longitudinally obsoletely plicate, red, spotted with white near the 
suture, keels nodulous; whorls flattened above; spire short, 
acute. 

Philippine and Korean Archipelagos. (Mus. Cuming.) 


5. Sromatta trrata (pl. clxxv. f. 58, 59), 4. Adams, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


S. test& orbiculato-convexé, liris transversis, subeequalibus, ele- 
vatis vix nodulosis instructa, interstitiis valde longitudinaliter 
striatis, prope suturam subplicata, pallidd, fusco radiatim marmo- 
rati, spir subprominuli; anfractibus rotundatis; apertura ob- 
liqua, oblongo-ovali; labro convexo, rotundato. 

The shell is orbicular, with rounded whorls; the spire rather 
depressed, and the whorls with transverse, elevated, subnodulous 
ridges. 

Hab. ——? (Mus. Cuming.) 


6. StomaTra anGcuLAtA (pl. clxxv. f. 57), 4. Adams, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


S. test’ orbiculato-convexd, subdepressi, viriduld, transversim 
valdé costulata, interstitiis longitudinaliter striatis, carimis duabus 
elevatis simplicibus angulatis; apertura transversd, subcirculan ; 
labro, in medio, biangulato. 

Green, transversely strongly ribbed, and with two simple, angn- 


$43 


lated keels; aperture subcircular; outer lip bi-angulated in the 
middle. 

San Hstevan, province of South Ilocos, island of Luzon ; under 
stones, low water. (Mus. Cuming.) 


7. Sromatta acuminata (pl. clxxv. f. 64), A. Adams, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


S. testa haliotoided, suborbiculaté, subfuscd, cancellata, trans- 
versim costaté, costis tribus, prominentibus, medid valdé promi- 
nula, tuberculaté, valde plicaté prope suturam, longitudinaliter 
elevaté striaté; spird prominuld, acuminata, anfractibus quatuor, 
angulatis; labro, in medio, tri-angulato. 

This is a cancellated, transversely-ribbed species, strongly pli- 
cate near the suture. 


Philippine Islands. (Mus. Cuming.) 


8. Sromatia pecussata (pl. clxxv. f. 60), 4. Adams, Pro. 
Zool. Soc. Feb. 1850. 


S. testa ovato-oblong4, longitudinaliter et transversim decussate 
striata, carinis duabus, simplicibus aut subtuberculatis, angulatis, 
prominentibus; pallid4, maculis fuscis variegatéi; spird elevata; 
apertura obliqua, feré orbiculari; labro bi-angulato in medio. 

This species is decussated with transverse and longitudinal 
striz, and there are two prominent, angular keels on the whorls ; 
the spire is acute and prominent. 

Sorsogon, province of Albay, island of Luzon; on smooth 
stones, six fathoms. H.C. (Mus. Cuming.) 


SPECIES UNIDENTIFIED. 


Stomatella decolorata, Gould, Exp. Sh. p. 51. 

Stomatella inflata, C. B. Adams, Shells of Panama, p. 216. 
Stomatella minima, Dufo. Ann. Sc. Nat. Oct. 1840, p. 2.02. 
Stomatella wrasata, Dufo. Ann. Nat. Se. Oct. 1840, p. 20. 


844 


LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CLXXIII. TO CLXXV. 


(The Figure after each Name refers to the number of the Species.) 


Pirate CLXXIII. Fig. 
GENA. 15,16. 8. splendidula, 4. 4d. 18 a 
Fig. 17. — Malulkana, 4. Ad. 16. 
1-3. G. planulata, Zam. 3. 18-21. — notata, 4. 4d. 7. 
4,5. — lutea, Linn. 1. 22. — candida, 4. Ad. 10. 
6-8. — varia, 4. Ad. 2. 23, 24. — orbiculata, 4. 4d. 17. 


9, 10. — striatula, 4. Ad. 6. 25, 26. — Baconi, 4. Ad. 19. 
11, 12. — strigosa, 4. dd. 7. 27, 28. — Arabica, 4. Ad. 13. 


13. — plumbea, 4. dd. 5. 29. — speciosa, 4. dd. 9. 
14-16. — nigra, Quoy, 4. 30. — sanguinea, 4. dd. 8. 
17-19. — pulchella, 4. dd. 12. 31, — margaritana, 4. dd. 24. 
20, 21. — concinna, Gould, 11. 

22. — lintricula, 4. Ad. 9. Prats CLXXV. 

23. — nebulosa, 4. dd. 8. 32-384. — maculata, Lam. 5. 
- ex a eae A. pee 35, 36. — coccinea, 4. Ad. 25. 

, 27. — lineolata, 4. Ad. 10. iota Tao 
28, 29. — asperulata, 4. dd. 13. a = baa pee 
; ei, 4. dd. 3. 
BRODERIPIA. 39, 40. — bicarinata, 4. dd. 21. 


41, 42. — calliostoma, 4. Ad. 26. 
43. — biporcata, 4. Ad. 22. 
44, — pallida, 4. Ad. 20. 


30, 31. B. Cumingii, 4. dd. 3. 

32, 33. — iridescens, Brod. 1. 

34, 35. — rosea, Brod. 2. 
MICROTIS. 


Pirate CLXXIV. 
45-47. M. tuberculata, 4. Ad. 


STOMATELLA. 
’ 1. 8. imbricata, Zam. 1. STOMATIA. 
2. — articulata, 4. dd. 4.  |48-52. 8. phymotis, Heddlin, 1. 
3. — sulcifera, Lam. 2. 58-56. — rubra, Lam. 3. 
4, 5. — papyracea, Chem. 12. 57. — angulata, 4. Ad. 6. 
6-9. — cancellata, Avauss, 11. |58, 59. — lirata, 4. dd, 5. 
10, 11. — haliotoidea, Sowd. 14. 60. — decussata, 4. Ad. 8. 
12. — fulgurans, 4. dd. 15. |61-63. — duplicata, Sowd. 2. 
13. — monilifera, 4. Ad. 6. 64. — acuminata, 4. Ad. 7. 


14. — Japonica, 4. dd. 18. 


845 


STOMATELLIN A. 
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SPECIES. 


acuminata, 4. Adams, Stomatia 7, pl. 175. f. 64. 
angulata, 4. Adams, Stomatia 6, pl. 175. f. 57. 
Arabica, 4. Adams, Stomatella 13, pl. 174. f. 27, 28. 
auricula, Gena lutea, 1. 

articulata, 4. Adams, Stomatella 4, pl. 174. f. 2. 
asperulata, 4. ddams, Gena 13. pl. 173. f. 28, 29. 
Baconi, 4. Adams, Stomatella 19, pl. 174. f. 25, 26. 
bicarinata, 4. Addams, Stomatella 21, pl. 175. f. 39, 40. 
biporcata, 4. Addams, Stomatella 22, pl. 175. f. 43. 
calliostoma, 4. Addams, Stomatella 26, pl. 174. f. 41, 42. 
cancellata, Krauss, Stomatella 11, pl. 174. f. 6, 7, 8, 9. 
candida, 4. ddams, Stomatella 10, pl. 174. f. 22. 
concinna, Gould, Gena 11. pl. 173. f. 20, 21. 
coccinea, 4. Adams, Stomatella 25, pl. 175. f. 35, 36. 
Cumingii, 4. Adams, Broderipia 3, pl. 173. f. 30, 31. 
Cumingii, 4. Adams, Stomatella 3, pl. 175. f. 38. 
decolorata, Stomatella, xo¢ identified. 

decussata, 4. Adams, Stomatia 8, pl. 175. f. 60. 
duplicata, Sowd., Stomatia 2, pl. 175. f. 61-63. 
fulgurans, 4. Adams, Stomatella 15, pl. 174. f. 12. 
haliotoidea, Sowd. Stomatella 14, pl. 174. f. 10, 11. 
imbricata, Lamk., Stomatella 1, pl. 174. f. 1. 
imperforata, Chem., Stomatia phymotis, 1. 

inflata, Stomatella, not identified. 

iridescens, Brod., Broderipia 1, pl. 173. f. 32, 33. 
irasata, Stomatella, xot identified. 

Japonica, 4. Adams, Stomatella 18, pl. 174. f. 14. 
lineata, 4. Adams, Gena 10, pl. 1738. f. 26, 27. 
lintricula, 4. d4dams, Gena 9, pl. 173. f. 22. 

lirata, 4. Adams, Stomatia 5, pl. 175. f. 58, 59. 
lutea, Linn., Gena 1, pl. 173. f. 4, 5. 

maculata, Lamhk., Stomatella 5, pl. 175. f. 32-34. 
Malukana, 4. Adams, Stomatella 16, pl. 174. f. 17. 


846 


margaritana, 4. Adams, Stomatella 24, pl. 174. f. 54. 
minima, Stomatella, not identified. 

monilifera, 4. ddams, Stomatella 6, pl. 174. f. 21. 
nebulosa, 4. Adams, Gena 8, pl. 173. f. 23. 

nigra, Quoy, Gena 4, pl. 173. f. 14, 15, 16. 

notata, 4. Adams, Stomatella 7, pl. 174. f. 18-21. 
orbiculata, 4. ddams, Stomatella 17, pl. 174. f. 23, 24. 
ornata, 4. Adams, Gena 14, pl. 178. f. 24, 25. 
pallida, 4. Adams, Stomatella 20, pl. 175. f. 44. 
papyracea, Chem., Stomatella 12, pl. 174. f. 4, 5. 
phymotis, Heldlim, Stomatia 1, pl. 175. f. 48-52. 
planulata, Lamk., Gena 3, pl. 173. f. 1, 2, 3. 
plumbea, 4. Adams, Gena 5, pl. 173. f. 13. 
pulchella, 4. Adams, Gena 12, pl. 173. f. 17, 18, 19. 
rubra, Lamk., Stomatia 3, pl. 175. f. 53-56. 
sanguinea, 4. Addams, Stomatella 8, pl. 174. f. 30. 
speciosa, 4. Adams, Stomatella 9, pl. 174. f. 29. 
splendida, .4. 4dams, Stomatella 18 a, pl. 174. f. 15, 16. 
striatula, 4. ddams, Gena 6, pl. 173. f. 9, 10. 
strigosa, 4. Adams, Gena 7, pl. 173. f. 11, 12. 
sulcata, Stomatia rubra, 3. 

sulcifera, Lamk., Stomatella 2, pl. 174. f. 3. 

tigrina, 4. Adams, Stomatella 23, pl. 175. f. 37. 
tuberculata, 4. Adams, Microtis, pl. 175. f. 45-47. 
varia, 4. Adams, Gena 2, pl. 173. f. 6, 7, 8. 


84:7 


MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS 


CERITHIU M, Adanson. 


INCLUDING 


Verracus, Klein, Coutna, dA. Adams, Birrtum, Leach, Pire- 
NELLA, Gray, Currriiorsis, Forbes and Hanley, Pyrazus, 
Montfort, Lameanta, Gray, Crrirautpna, Swainson, Poramt- 
prs, Brongniart, Tympanotomus, AZein, and TxLEscorium, 
Chemnitz. 


Molluscum trachelipodum ; testa turritA, operculiferd, varicosi, 
plerumque tuberculataé et striata ; apertura canalifera. 

In retaining ail the species included im this Monograph within 
a single genus, [ am not to be considered as implying an opinion 
that no divisions could be made with advantage. Many of the 
genera of authors enumerated above, may probably constitute 
good foundations for a more accurate distribution of the species. 
But the misfortune is that the authors have not had the whole 
range of species before them, or at least have not had to prepare 
lists of all the species under their respective denominations. Now, 
it is easy to take two or three species here, and form them into a 
genus under one name, and to take two or three there to make 
a genus under another name; but it is not so easy to take every 
species and to place each in its appropriate genus. — For if the 
species are placed in a line, it is almost impossible to mark 
the boundaries of the separate groups. | know an instance of a 
most accomplished conchologist attempting to arrange an exten- 
sive collection of Cerithide according to the modern style of 
numerous small genera, and the result was, of course, that he had 
a great many species which he did not know what to do with; 
and instances eccurred in which specimens of the same species 

Ds 


848 


were placed apart in different genera. Kndeavouring, therefore, 
to give a correct account of the species, and of course keeping 
those most alike, nearest to each other, I leave the task of form- 


ing generic groups to those who think them useful. 

I wish to record my obligations to Mr. Arthur Adams, Surgeon, 
R.N., for his kindness in permitting me the full use of his manu- 
scripts on the present genus, of which he was preparing a mono- 
graph. Had not that gentleman been called to the country before 
the work was completed, my readers would have enjoyed the be- 
nefit of his labours entire and unadulterated. As it is, having to 
complete the work which he had begun, I have been forced, in a 
measure, to model 1 upon my own views. It has nevertheless been 
my endeavour, as far as possible, to retain the same arrangements 
which he proposed, although in another form ; while the synonyms 
so carefully collected in the manuscript have proved most valu- 
able, and have in the great majority of instances been adopted as 
perfectly correct. 


Division 1.—Marine, generally with a produced canal.  Oper- 
culum oval, with few whorts. 


la. A long, upturned canal, and a kind of plait or callus in 
the mildte of the columella.—Genus Verracus, Klein. 


1. Cerrrutum Verracus (pl. elxxvi. f. 2, 3), Liwnaeus, Syst. 
Nat. (Murex). Vertagus vulgaris, Schaum. 


Cerith. testa subcylindraced, albo vel pallidé fulva, levi; an- 
fractibus superioribus nodulosim costatis, medianis latis, rectiuscu- 
lis, ad suturam plerumque plicatis; apertura obliqua, albé; labio 
interno crasso, biplicato; labio externo anticé incrassato, canali 
oblique recurvo. 

This common white or pale brown species has the central whorls 
swelling in bulk, although straight at the sides, and crenulated 
or plicated at the sutures. Irom the Molluccas and Philippines. 


2. Cerrrurum taentatum (pl. clxxvi. f..1), Quoy e¢ Gaimard, 
Voy. Astrolabe; Kicner, Sp. Gen. Cog. pl. 19. f. 2. 


Cerith. testa C. Vertago simillima, sed rubro-fasciato canali bre- 
viore. 

The form of the canal seems slightly different, being (from the 
figure) shorter and less gradually curved than in C. Vertagus. 
The colowing in bands, too, is scarcely a variation which we 
should expect in the latter species. New Guinea. 


849 


3. Ceritatum rascratum (pl. elxxvi. f. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10), Brag. 
KB. M. p. 474. Cerith. no. 3. C. Martinianum, Pfeifer, Knit. 
Regist. C. procerum, Kvever, pl. 18. f. 1. 


Cerith. test’ elongaté, subpyramidali, levi, albA vel fusco ma- 
culata vel fasciat’, plus minusve spiraliter sulcati; anfractibus 
rectiusculis, ad suturam plicatis; apertura obliqua, alba; labio in- 
terno vix biplicato ; labio externo anticé incrassato ; canali obliqué 
recurvo. 

Much more lengthened and with more whorls than C. Vertagus, 
less swelled in the middle, very slightly grooved, and white- 
banded or spotted. Mr. Cuming’s specimens of the different 
varieties are from the Philippines. It 1s reported generally as an 
Indian shell. 


4, Crerituium Puanos (pl. clxxvi. f. 20, 21, 22), Hinds, 
Moll. Voy. Sulph. p. 27. pl. xi. f. 3, 4. C. subulatum, Lams, 
no. 23. 


Cerith. testi elongata, alba, pallidé lineaté vel seriatim pune- 
tata, spiraliter inciso-sulcata, longitudinaliter crebré et acute pli- 
cata; apertura obliqua, alba; labio interno vix biplicato; labio 
externo anticé incrassato ; canali obliqué recurvo. 

Smaller, narrower, and more sharply and numerously plicated, 
especially at the sutures, than C. fasciatum. The name “ subu- 
latum” 1s used by Montagu for another species. Hast coast of 


Africa. 


5. Ceriraium asperum (pl. clxxvi. f. 11, 12), Linnaeus 
(Murex asper), Syst. Nat. Clava rugata, Martyn. Strombus 
vibex, Gmel. C. asperum, Lams. Murex granulatus, Linn., non 
brug. 

Cerith. test&é elongata, alb4, nonnunquam rubro-lineata, longi- 
tudinaliter plicata ; plicis numerosis, acuté serratis ; apertura ovali, 
obliqué; labio interno posticé uniplicato, in medio ints obliqué 
biplicato, extus unidentato ; labio externo serrato ; canali recurvo. 

The numerous longitudinal ribs are serrated by the spiral 
grooves crossing them, so as to produce a series of sharp points: 
these points are formed into a more prominent rib at the lower 
part of the last whorl. The lineated variety of this species is rare. 


6. Cerrraium Lingatum (pl. clxxvi. f. 4, 5), Brug., Lamk. 
Anim. sans vert. C. asper, var. nonnull. 
Cerith. testa C. aspero simili, sed costis longitudinalibus dis- 
tantibus magnis; sulcis spiralibus paucis plerumque spiraliter 
lineata. 


850 


While this species is generally lineated, but sometimes occurs 
white or spotted, it is more usual with the preceding to be white; 
but the true difference, if sufficiently marked to be specific, is the 
great width between the asperated ribs and the distance of the 
points upon them. The species is from the Pacific Ocean. 


7. Creritium axvco (pl. elxxvu. f. 34, 35), Linnaeus, Syst. 
Nat. ed. 12. p. 1225 (Murex). Murex coronatus, Born. 


Cerith. test levi, pallida, nigro et fusco maculaté; anfractibus 
ventricosis, superioribus cancellatis, medianis angulo superiore 
distanter angulatim et acuté noduliferis, ultimo univaricoso ; aper- 
turd alba, bicanaliferd; labio interno integro posticé uniplicato, 
antice ad canalem angulifero; labio externo rotundato, super ca- 
nalem in angulum producto; canali elongato subabrupte recurvo. 

The whorls are crowned with large, distant, acute tubercles. 
he whole shell, excepting the apical whorls, is smooth and 
spotted with irregular specks and blotches of black. The aper- 
ture is more inflated than either of the clavate species. The dark 
specimen figured is from the Philippines. The light small speci- 
men is from the collection of the late Mr. G. B. Sowerby. Lo- 
eality unknown. 


8. Ceriru1um Sowersr (pl. clxxvu. f. 33), Kéener, Sp. de 
Coq. pl. 7. f. 2. C. clava, Sowerby’s Genera. 


Cerith. testa solida, pallida, lavigatd, pyramidali, fusco nebu- 
lata et punctis maculisque tessellaté; anfractibus superioribus 
subcrenulatis et cariatis, medianis ad latera compressis; sutura 
vix distincté; aperturé subquadrata, postice canalifero ; labio in- 
terno purpurascente, postice uniplicato, anticé laminatim incras- 
sato; labio externo rotundatim incurvo, levi; canali attenuato, 
abrupté incurvo. 

Differing from C. a/uco in its more pyramidal form, the straight- 
ening of the whorls, the comparative squareness of the aperture, 
and the greater solidity of the whole shell. The late Mr. G. B. 
Sowerby thought that he recognized in this shell the C. clava of 
Bruguiére. 


9. Cerrraium Cumrnett (pl. elxxvi. f. 19), 4. Adams (Ver- 
tagus). 

Cerith. testa levigata, nigro et fusco longitudinaliter disruptim 
fasciata ; anfractibus superioribus subangulatis cancellatis, media- 
nis vix angulatis, ultimo ovali; apertura bicanaliculata; canali 
recurvo. 


851 


The only specimen we possess of this magnificent shell is in- 
complete in the aperture: it is more cylindrical than either of the 
preceding, and the central whorls gently swelled; some of them 
having a slight angle near the upper part. The dark zebra-like 
markings give a rich appearance to the exterior. Mr. Cuming’s 
specimen is from Torres Straits, by Captain Ince. 


10. Ceriratum macutosum (pl. clxxvi. f. 29), Martyn. 
Clava maculosa, Martyn, Univ. Conch. pl. 57. Cerithium clava, 
Brug., KH. M. p. 479; Martini Conch. t. 10. p. 256. vig. 22. 
f. a, 6. C. marmoreum, Kiener, pl. 31. f. 1. 


Cerith. testé ponderosa, ventricosd, pallida, fusco maculata, 
spiraliter inciso-sulcaté; anfractibus superioribus costatis, me- 
dianis undulatis, ultimo varice magno; suturd partim crenulata ; 
apertur’. magna, alba, posticé in canalem producta; labio interno 
subangulato, prope canalem posticum incrassato, anticé laminatim 
expanso ; labio externo subindentato, versus canalem incurvato ; 
canali angustato, profundo, abrupté recurvo. 

This very thick, broad Cerzthiwm is of a light colour, spotted 
with brown. The upper whorls are ribbed; the middle ones are 
comparatively smooth: the last has a great varix opposite the 
mouth. The whole shell is marked by incised spiral lines. 


11. Cerrrnium nosite (pl. clxxvii. f. 28), Reeve. 


Cerith. test crassi, elongata, pallida, tessellata, spiraliter lineis 
elevatis cincta ; anfractibus numerosis, superioribus rotundis, spar- 
sim varicosis, medianis levibus, rectis, ad suturam paululim ele- 
vatis; apertura subquadrata, alba, bicanaliculata; labio externo, 
levi, versus canalem incurvo ; labio interno laminatim incrassato, 
posticé uniplicato ; canali alternato, abrupté recurvo. 

This shell is more gracefully formed than the preceding. The 
whorls are compressed at the sides, and marked by pale fulvous 
bands, crossed in squares. ‘The aperture resembles that of C. 
maculosa. Mr. Cuming brought his specimens from Mindanao, 
Philippines. 


12. Crrirurum opexiscus (pl. clxxvi. f. 30, 31, 382), Brug., 
E. M. pl. 443. f. 4, 7,6. Murex Sinensis, Gmel., no. 54, 


Cerith. testé pyramidal, solidé, punctis et maculis fuscis nigres- 
centibus variegata, spiraliter granoso-sulcatd ; anfractibus ad latera 
rectiusculis, ad suturam tuberculatis ; ultimo anfractu inflato, uni- 
varicoso ; apertura brevi; labio interno uniplicato, laminato ; labio 
externo arcuato ; canali abrupté ad dorsum reflexo. 


852 


Formed like C. Sowerbii and C. nodile, but distinguished by 
spiral riblets, granulated and spotted between the granules, and 
a row of tubercles at the suture. The closely grained variety is 
im Mr. Hanley’s collection. ‘This species is commonly called the 
“Chinese Obelisk.” 


13. Cerirarum semicranosum (pl. clxxvii. f. 36, 37), Lamk., 
Anim. s. vert. no. 18. 


Cerith. testi C. obelisco simili, sed sulcis spiralibus paucis 
latis magis elevatis; anfractibus ad suturam tuberculis rotun- 
datis. 

The nodules at the suture of this species are not sharp, but 
rounded and partly confluent with the highest row of granules, 
which are distant and broad: in these respects it differs from 
C. obeliscus. The beautifully mottled specimen belongs to Mr. 
Metcalfe. New Holland. 


14. CERITHIUM CEDO-NULLI (pl. elxxvii. f. 38, 39, 40), Nobis. 


Cerith. testa C. odelisco simili, sed breviore; sulcis rariusculis, 
tuberculis ad suturam magnis. 

A shorter and less pyramidal shell than C. odeliscus, with the 
ridges of granules more distant, and the row of tubercles at the 
suture very prominent and large. The variations in colouring are 
beautiful and striking. Island of Annaa, in the South Pacific, 
HT. Cuming ; Borneo, Lieut. Taylor, R.N.; and Philippines, /Z. 


Cuming. 


15. Cerrruium putcurum (pl. clxxvi. f. 25), 4d. Adams. 
Vertagus pulcher. 


Cerith. test& pyramidali, solida, pallida, ad suturam perelevatim 
nodulosa, inter nodulos nigro-maculaté, omnino minute granosd 
et cancellaté; aperturd brevi; labio interno uniplicato, anticé 
laminato; labio externo arcuato; canali abrupté ad dorsum re- 
flexo. 

In form resembling C. obeliscus, this beautiful shell is minutely 
cancellated in every part and at the sutures, the whorls are gra- 
dated and crowned by a series of rounded nodules, having a black 
spot between each. Mr. Cuming has the specimen from North 
Australia. 


16. Cerrraium articutatum (pl. clxxvi. f. 26, 27), 4. 
Adams et Reeve. Vertagus articulatus. 


Cerith. testé C. obeliseus simili, sed anfractibus subinciso-sul- 


catis, sulcis acuté plicatis, ad suturam angulatim acute plici- 
feris. 

The sculpture is much sharper than in C. odeliseus, and the 
sulci as it were incised, and a row of sharp, regular plaits at the 
suture quite distinguishes the species. 


17. Cerrrutum cemmatum (pl. clxxvii. f. 41), Hinds, Moll. 
Voy. Sulph. pl. 11. f. 5, 6. 


Cerith. testi clavata, turrita, acuminaté, nitidi; anfractibus 
planulatis, triseriatim granosis, serie superiore maxima ; lineis rufis 
transversim ornatis, prope labrum divergentibus, infra suturam 
albidis; apertura Soa, superne callosi; columellé inferné pro- 
ducta, plicd parvé; canali oblique descendente. 

With the general form of C. obeliscus and the several similar 
species, this species is remarkable for the width and flatness of 
the last whorl, and for the thickened and ascending lips of the 
aperture. The whorls are beaded in three rows, the most pro- 
minent being on the upper edge. The fold on the columella is 
scarcely perceptible, and the slightly upturned canal is short. 
Panama, three to seven fathoms, on a sandy floor. 


18. Osritnium atrenvatum (pl. clxxvu. f. 23, 24), Ph- 
lippi, Abbild. t. i. f.2. C. longicaudatum, Reeve et Adams, Zool. 
Samarang, Moll. p. 43. pl. 10. f£. 15 (1850). 


“Cerith. testa subulato-turrita, e rufo albidi; anfractibus pla- 
niusculis, cingulis transversis parum elevatis subgranosis circa 
novem sculptis, supremis costulatis; apertura laté ovati; labro 
crenulato, extus incrassato, intus sulcato; labio calloso, superius 
plici transvers’ distincto; caudi angusti, preelongd, obliqua.” 

A very lengthened shell, with many whorls (nine in the above 
description, fifteen*in the accompanying figure, and seventeen in 
our specimen here represented) ; on each whorl five beaded, al- 
ternate with five plain, less elevated riblets. The canal is long 
and very obliquely curved. Pasacao, Island of Luzon, Philip- 
pines, LZ. Cuming. 


19. Cerrratum Kocut (pl. clxxvi. f. 18, 14, 15), Pholippi, 
Abbild. pl. i. f. 3. 


Cerith. testa angusti, pallidi, fusco vel rufo interlineaté; an- 
fractibus spiraliter costellatis, costellis alternatim granosis et pla- 
nis; apertura subobliqué; labio externo paulultim incrassato ; 
labio interno uniplicato ; canali breve adscendente. 

Tn sculpture this species resembles C. ad/enuatum, but the form 


854 


is very different ; the whorls much less distinct from each other, the 
mouth smaller, ‘and the canal shorter. It is found on the coasts 
of Hast Africa. 


20. Ceriraium recurve (pl. clxxvi. f. 16, 17, 18), Nodis. 


Cerith. testé acuminata, alba, fulvo vel rufo interpunctato; an- 
fractibus duodecim, triseriatim granosis, ultimo costellis septem 
Spears ornato ; apertura posticé canalifero ; labio externo cre- 
nato; labio interno anticé incrassato, vix plicato ; canali antico 
breviusculo recurvo. 

The upper whorls show three rows of granules, with spots of 
colour between them. The young specimen with dark spots, and 
the one hardly showing any, are Mr. Hanley’s: that with orange 
spots is Mr. Cuming’s. The last whorl seems to narrow towards 
the canal, and to turn upwards with it. Habitat unknown. 


1b. A distinct canal, more or less produced, and generally a 
plait on the upper part of the columella—Genus Crrt- 
THIUM, as restricted by some authors. 


21. Cerrraium nopuLosom (pl. clxxvui. f. 42), Brag., Dict. 
no. 8. C. aluco, Born, non Linn. Murex tuberosus, Dillw. 


Cerith. testa magna, crassi, pyramidali, rugos4, spiraliter sul- 
cata, nodulis magnis obtusis armati, grisea, maculis fuscis sparsa ; 
ultimo anfractu ad latus univaricoso; apertura postice uniplicata ; 
labio interno anticé subtruncato seu uniplicato ; labio externo ex- 
panso, sulcato, margine laqueato anticé super canalem incurvo. 

A. large, rough shell, of grey colour, spotted with blackish- 
brown, and having large knobs, about ten on each whorl, except- 
ing the last, which is flattened in front, and has a large spread- 
ing varix at the side. he inner lip has a kind of fold near each 
end; and the outer lip is spread, elevated above, and drawn round 
over the canal at the lower part. It is strongly grooved and 
fluted. The canal is rather short, and not much curved. /Zad. 
Molluccas, Lam. ; Philippines, Cwm. 


22. Ceriraium potyconum (pl. clxxvii. f. 46), Nodes. 


Cerith. testa pyramidali, grisea, spiraliter sulcata ; costis magnis, 
regularibus, superne angulatis, continuis ; apertura ignota. 

“The only specimen we have seen is in Mr. Cuming’ s collection, 
but it is not full grown; hence we can only describe it provision- 
ally. It looks like the commencement of a very handsome shell, 
which might be allied to the fossil C. gigas. Port Essington, Mr. 
Jukes. 


855 


23. CerirHium Lave (pl. clxxxv. f. 270), Quoy, Voy. Astr. 
pl. 54. f. 1-8. 


Cerith. testa magna, conica, alba, attenuatd ; anfractibus nume- 
rosis, planulatis, inferné prope suturam subangulatis, bicarinatis, 
ultimo subtiis rotundato ; apertura oblique quadrata ; columella 
tenui, tort’; labio externo tenui, posticé emarginato, anticé ro- 
tundatim producto ; operculo ovato, paucispirali. 

Although this large white shell seems, in the shape of the aper- 
ture and in general appearance, to consort with C. ¢elescopium, 
Quoy reports and figures an oval, paucispiral operculum. It 
would seem therefore to belong to the present division, and is a 


. . 5,” i= . . ° 
near neighbour to the fossil C. gigas. It is an Australian species. 


24, CerivHium tuBEROsUM (pl. clxxvi. f. 49), Fudricins, 
Colum. Alquat. Cerith. erythraenense, Lamarck, Anim. s. vert. 
Cerith. no. 12. Strombus striatus, Schroter. Buecinum tube- 
rosum. 


Cerith. testa alb&, fusco-maculaté et fasciatim punctata, spirali- 
ter acute striata, nodulis in medio angulatis, irregularibus, et vari- 
cibus magnis armati ; labio interno anticé et posticé plicato ; labio 
externo angulato, subdigitato, anticé super canalem incurvo ; ca- 
nali rectiusculo. 

A more acute, lighter shell than C. xodulosum, with the canal 
rather longer, the outer lip more angular and more sharply notched, 
the sculpture more sharp and minute. Had. Near Suez. 


25. Cerrratum cotumna (pl. clxxvii. f. 55, 56, 57, 58), 
Sowerby, Gen. of Sh. C, echinatum, Kiener. 

Cerith. test4 breviusculd, subobtusa, spiraliter sulcata, angulatim 
costata, variegaté, plerumque ad apicem lividd, costis magnis ; 
apertura bicanaliculaté; labio interno posticé uniplicato; labio 
externo incrassato, laqueato, anticé simplici; canali brevi. 

This species is varied in colour, form, and sculpture, but its 
general character is best expressed in figure 56, as consisting of 
rather distant, sharply angular ribs, which are crossed by sharp 
lines. It differs from C. nodulosum and C. erythrenense in being 
of a more obtuse form, and not having the outer lip drawn round 
over the canal. The apex is sometimes livid. ab. Philippines, 
Cuming. 

26, CERITHIuM crTRINuM (pl. clxxix. f. 66), Nobis. C. co- 
lumna, Kiener, non Sowerby, Genera of Shells, f. 7. 
Cerith. testa flavescente, acuté pyramidah, spiraliter striata, cos- 
51 


556 


tellis rotundatis armata; anfractu ultimo univaricoso; apertura 
bicanaliculata ; labio externo subquadrato, crenulato; canali ob- 
liqua, elongata. 

This shell, figured by Kiener under the name C. columna of 
Sowerby, is of a light yellowish colour, and has the angles of 
the ribs rounded off. It is quite distinct from the shell figured 
im the ‘Genera.’ Had. Island of Masbate, Philippines, Cuming. 


27. Cerituium unctnatum (pl. clxxx. f. 78, 79), Gmel. 
(Murex), p. 3542. no. 57; Wood, Ind. test. pl. 27. #150. °C. 
familicum, C. B. Adams, Shells of Panama, p. 152? 


Cerith. test& conico-turrité, apicé acuminata, transversim striata, 
basi biseriatim nodosa, alba, fusco marmorataé et lineato-punctata ; 
anfractibus convexiusculis, in medio tuberculis acutis armatis ; 
apertura ovato-subcirculari, albi; labro plicato, anticé producto ; 
canali angusto, longo, uncinato. 

Remarkable for the curved canal, and the prominent principal 
row of coloured knobs. Guadaloup, Jamaica. 


28. Crrirutum arratum (pl. clxxix. f. 69). Murex atratus, 
Born, Mus. p. 324. 11. f. 17, 18. Cerithium atratum, Brag., 
Dict. no. 12; Kiener, Mon. Cerith. pl. 20. f. 3. 


Cerith. testa turrita, apice acuta, varicosa, ustulataé; anfractuum 
striis transversis granosis, prope suturas bifariam tuberculatis, 
varicibus sparsis nodiformibus ; canali truncato. 

A black, stout shell, with angular whorls having three rows of 
beaded ribs on each, and a short, truncated canal. Had. Sicily. 


29. Crrituium caupatum (pl. clxxix. f. 71, 72), Nobis. 


Cerith. testé C. atrato simili, sed magis acuti; apertura magis 
expansi, cauda elongatiusculd. 

Ditfermg from C. atratum in being more acute, having a more 
spreading aperture and a longer caudal canal. It is also more 
sharply striated and sculptured. ad. Guadaloup. 


30, CERITHIUM sTRIATISSIMUM (pl. clxxx. f. 86, 87), Nodis. 


Cerith. testa grised, nigricante, elongaté, minuté  spiraliter 
striata, nodulis minutis regularibus divisis ornati; anfractibus 
angulatis, ad angulum et ad suturam nodulis majoribus; apertura 
subovali. 

The regular bead-like nodules of this grisly-coloured species 
are divided by the strive, which cross the whole shell im a spiral 


$57 


direction. Mr. Hanley’s specimen is prettily marked by brown 
spots behind the nodules. Locality unknown. 


31. Curtraium EBURNEUM (pl. clxxx. f. 80, 81, 82, 83), 
Brug. i. M. no. 41. C. algiecola, C. B. Adams, incluso. Non 
C. eburneum, Keener, pl. 10. f. 2. 

Cerith. testa oblonga, turrita, colore alba seu varid, plerumque 
maculis rufo-fuscis in lineis transversis dispositis ornata ; anfrac- 
tibus subangulatis, costis moniliformibus subeequalibus cinctis ; 
apertura subrotundaté; canali mediocri. 

Shaped like several of the preceding ; the typical variety is white, 
but another presents a pretty system of beaded ribs, with brown 
dots between. The whorls are scarcely angular, and the nodulous 
ribs nearly equal. The varieties are numerous. Fig. 81 represents 


C. algiecola of Mr. C. B. Adams. 


32. CERITHIUM PLANISPIRATUM (pl. elxxx. f. 91), Nodis. 


Cerith. testa acuta, alba, C. edwrneo simili, sed anfractibus ad 
suturam complanatis. 

This is a unique shell in the collection of Mr. Hanley; it is 
like C. eburneum, but more acute, and has a flat space above the 
angle. Locality unknown. 


33. Ceritatum Novaz-Hipern1 (pl. clxxx. f. 84, 85), 4. 
Adams. CC. eburneus, Say, Kiener, Icon. pl. 10. f. 2. 


Cerith. testa quam C. eburneus breviusculd ; anfractibus angu- 
latis, in medio plicato-noduliferis, ultimo planiusculo. 

A shorter shell than C. edwrneus, with the whorls angulated by 
a larger row of pliciform knobs on the angle. A lateral varix gives 
a flatness to the last whorl. Haé. Florida. 

34. CERITHIUM TENELLUM (pl. clxxx. f. $8, 89. 90), Nodis. 

Cerith. testa pyramidali, levi, nodulis cincté; anfractibus angu- 
latis, ad angulum et ad suturam moniliferis ; apertura ovali ; canali 
aperto. 

Although beaded, this is a smooth shell, with a row of squarish 
beads on each whorl at the suture, another at the angle, and one 
below, ‘smaller. The varieties are white, pink, and brown-speckled. 
Hab. Philippines, H. Cuming. 


35. CeRitHtuM ToruLosuM (pl. clxxix. f. 64; pl. clxxx. 
f. 92), Linn. (Murex), Syst. Nat. Murex annulatus, Martyn. M. 
annularis, Gel. 


Cerith. testi albidé, apice livida, costis noduliferis ornata; an- 


858 


fractibus ad suturam moniliferis, tumidis, anticé spiraliter bicosta- 
tis; apertura subexpansi; labio externo laqueato; canali brevi. 
Nonnunquam occurrit varietas distorta, anfractibus medio planis, 
ad suturam inflatis. 

This species is remarkable for its tendency to exaggerate the 
natural prominence of the whorls at the suture into a sort of 
swelled chord, leaving the greatest part of several whorls plain. 
In the specimen figured from Mr. Hanley’s collection the mon- 
strosity has occurred and continued for several whorls, and then 
the shell has commenced a return to its characteristic sculpture. 
Hah. Society Islands, H. Cuming. 


36. Cerrrutum rcuinatum (pl. clxxviii. f. 44), Zamk. Anim. 
s. vert. Cerith. no. 11. C. mutatum, Sowerby, Gen. of Shells. 


Cerith. testa ventricosa, crassa, albida, lineis et punctis spadiceis 
aspersa, spiraliter sulcati; anfractibus augulatis, ad angulum tuber- 
culis aculeatis adscendentibus magnis armatis, superné subexca- 
vatis, ultimo magno, seriebus quinque papillis magnis obtusis 
armato; latere antico subcomplanato; labio externo laqueato, 
posticé profundé sinuato. 

This is the only species answering to Lamarck’s description as 
having large upturned spines united with the other characters, 
It differs from C. Adansoni in the upturned spines, in the depres- 
sion of the upper part of the whorls, and in the comparative 
smoothness of the surface. Island of Annaa, Society Islands, 


Td aC. 


37. Curiraitum Apansont (pl. elxxvii. f. 45), Brag. EH. Met. 
t. 1, p. 479; Kien. Mon. Cerith. pl. iv. f. 2. 


Cerith. test& ventricosa, striis crassis et papillis acutis muricata ; 
anfractibus convexiusculis, in medio angulatis, albo-lutescentibus, 
maculis et punctis piceis aspersis; apertura ovata, obliqua, alba ; 
canali profundo. 

A very ventricose shell, with the whorls divided in the upper 
part and armed with spines or papillae. Had. Island of Annaa, 
HH. Cuming ; Senegal, H. Adanson. 


38. CEriraium munrtom (pl. clxxx. f. 93), Nobis. 


Cerith. testé conicd, turrita, alba; anfractibus subangulatis, 
pliciferis, spiraliter costatis, ultimo subtrigono, inferné bicarinato, 
carinis tuberculis munitis ; apertura subtrigond. 

Resembling C. dalteatum, but of a conical form, with two large 


859 


keels on the lower part of the last whorl armed with large tu- 
bercles. Island of Masbate, Philippines, 7. Cuming. 


39. CERITHIUM SPATHULIFERUM (pl. clxxx. f. 94), Nodzs. 


Cerith. test’ pyramidali, albida, spiraliter lineis elevatis cincti, 
longitudinaliter plicis continuis costati ; anfractibus rectis, medio 
et inferné spiraliter costis spatuliferis cinctis, ultimo costis acu- 
leatis tribus, tuberculis spatuliformibus ; apertura obliqué oval, 
posticé canaliculati, anticé canali producto ; labio externo angula- 
tim aculeato. 

This white species is remarkable for the broad spatulz into 
which the spiral keels are formed. ‘The whorls have straight sides, 
with a belt of spatulee in the middle, and one below close to the 
suture of each: in the last whorl the spatulate keels are more 
fully developed. The only specimen known is from the late Mr. 
Sowerby’s collection. 


40. CeRrrHium umBonatum (pl. clxxx. f. 95), Nodrs. 


Cerith. test’ pyramidali, acuta, clavata, fusco variegata ; anfrac- 
tibus prope suturam angulatis, ad angulum noduliferis, ultimo 
magno; apertura elevata ; labio interno posticé uniplicato ; labio 
externo crasso, expanso. 

This shell is remarkable for the greater breadth of the last 
whorl and aperture. Mr. Cuming’s collection. Jamaica. 


41, Crrtratum armatom (pl. clxxix. f. 68; pl. clxxx. f. 96), 
Philippi, Abbild. pl. i. f. 9. 

Cerith. testA acuminata, variegati; anfractibus gradatis, plani- 
usculis, spiraliter moniliferis, prope suturam nodulis magnis _pro- 
minentibus armatis; aperturi subquadrati; labio interno posticé 
uniplicato. 

A very pretty species, remarkable for the prominent row of large 
tubercles on the upper angle of the whorls. ad. Island of Ticao, 
Philippines, Cuming. 


42. Ceriraium Rupewuit (pl. clxxix. £. 65), Philippi, Ab- 
bild. pla. tei. 

Cerith. testa elongata, fusco variegata, costis noduliferis crebris 
armata; aperturd breviuscula ; canali brevi; labio externo subin- 
crassato, crenulato. 

A graceful shell, spotted with brown and ornamented by beaded 
ribs, which are angulated in the centre. Locality unknown. Mr. 
Cuming’s collection. 


860 


43. CERITHIUM NIGRO-PUNCTATUM (pl. clxxx. f. 97), Nobis. 
Cerith. testa elongata, acuta, flavidi, nodulis nigris in seriebus 
subdistantibus ornaté; apertura parva, subquadrata ; canali aperto. 
Rather long and sharp, with several rows of black nodules on 
each whorl. Mr. Hanley’s and Mr. Metcalfe’s collection. Locality 
unknown. 


44, CERITHIUM SUTURALE (pl. clxxvii. f. 52, 53), Philippi, 
Abbild. Cerith. t. 1. f. 4. 


“Cerith. testi turrité, plicis longitudinalibus, lineis elevatis 
transversis, nodisque acutis muricati, fulvé, ad suturam nigra, 
granulis biserialibus im cingulo nigro; plicis circa octo in quovis 
anfractu, medio acuté angulatis; liris granulatis in basi; aper- 
turd ovata; labro subeffuso, intis sulcato; canali brevi.” 

The angulated plicee on the whorls are comparatively regular 
and distinct, and the suture has a line of black upon it, otherwise 
this species is not very different from C. dialeucum. Mr. Cuming 
has it from the same place, namely, Island of Ticao, Philippines. 


45, CERITHIUM DIALEUCUM (pl. clxxx. f. 98, 99), Philippi, 
Abbild. pl. i. f. 5, var.; PAid. Abbild. pl. i. f. 4. 


“Cerith. testA turrita, plicis longitudinalibus circa novem et 
decem, liris elevatis transversis, nodisque subacutis muricaté, pur- 
pureo; rufa, liris transversis albis in basi frequentibus granulatis ; 
apertura ovat; labro intus sulcato; canali breviusculo.” 

A pretty species, with large distant plice crossed by granular 
ridges, the interstices being coloured with a darker tint. ad. 
Island of Ticao, Philippines. 


46. Ceriruium renestratum (pl. clxxx. f. 100), Modes. 
Cerith. pyramidali, varicosa, albi, interstitiis fuscis ; anfractibus 
longitudinaliter plicatis, spiraliter striatis, interstittis depressis ; 
apertura rotunda ; canali distincto. 
The hollow intervals between the longitudinal plicee and spiral 
elevated striz, give a cancellated appearance to this species, which 
is in Mr. Cuming’s collection. Locality unknown. 


47. Cerrruium turrirom (pl. clxxx. f. 101), Nodzs. 


Cerith. test& clevata, pallidé fulva, cancellaté ; anfractibus sub- 
rotundis, sutura excavata ; apertura brevi; canali rubro, truncato, 
recurvo. 

Of a pale yellowish-brown colour, strengthened at the recurved 


861 


canal and on the varices; this species has its whorls cancellated 
by curved ribs crossed with elevated lines (the upper ones most 
strongly), and the whorls are separated by a hollow suture. Island 
of Bureas, Philippine, H. Cuming. 


48. Curiraium serorina (pl. clxxx. f. 102), 4. Adams. 


Cerith. testa elongato-turrita, pallidé fulv’; anfractibus nume- 
rosis, medianis subventricosis, longitudinaliter plicatis, spiraliter 
striatis, ultimo subcontracto, ad aperturam expanso ; apertura cir- 
culari ; labio externo expanso; canali contracto, brevi, recto. 

A beautifully formed turreted shell, a little swelled in the centre, 
with numerous short whorls, the last of which is contracted on one 
side, but expanded towards the aperture. There is a peculiar con- 
traction close to the canal, at the lower part of the body-whorl. 
In Mr. Cuming’s collection, from Van Diemen’s Land. 


49. Crrirutum rHopostoma (pl. clxxx. f. 103), 4. Adams. 
Cerith. testa C. seroting simili sed breviusculd ; anfractu ultimo 
al aperturam vix expauso. 
A shorter shell than C. sero¢ina, with fewer whorls and the last 
not so expanded at the aperture. ‘The shell is in Mr. Cuming’s 
collection ; probably from the same locality as C. serotina. 


50. Ceriruium rostratum (pl. clxxx. f. 104), Modis. 


Cerith. testi fusiform, tenui, pallida, costata, inter costas linea- 
tim rubro-punctata ; anfractibus in medio ventricosis, ultimo con- 
tracto ; apertura rotunda ; labio externo expanso, varicoso ; canali 
producto, nigro. 

Tlus pretty little fusiform species has the middle whorls swelled 
and ribbed with little red linear spots between the ribs. The last 
whorl is contracted, but the outer lip is expanded and varicose. 
The canal is long, and tipped with black. The typical variety is 
in Mr. Cuming’s collection, from the Philippines. That. collec- 
tion also contains a specimen from Lord Hood’s Island, which 
resembles it, excepting that the canal is not produced; the mouth 
is not fully formed. 


51. Ceriruium rAvipum (pl. clxxx. f. 105), Phzlippi, Ab- 
bild. Cerith. t. 1. f. 8. 


Cerith. testa fusiformi, fusca, fasciaté; anfractibus costatis et 
spiraliter acuté sulcatis, ultimo lata; canali elongato, paululum 
recurvo, truncato ; apertura expansi; labio externo univaricoso. 

Taken by Mr. Cuming in sandy mud at Cagayan, Misamis, 


862 


Island of Mindanao, Philippines, and remarkable for the fusiform 
shape produced by the size of the last whorl and the length of the 
canal, 


52. CERITHIUM FUSIFORME (pl. clxxx. f. 106, 107), Nodis. 


Cerith. test fusiformi, C. ba/teato simili, sed anfractibus in me- 
dio angulatis, plicis albis, canali obliqua. 

A more fusiform shell than C. dalteatum. The whorls are an- 
gulated in the centre. A pretty reddish-brown colour is interrupted 
by the winte plicee. Philippines, HZ. Cuming. 


53. Cerirarum Muscarvm (pl. clxxx. f. 108, 109, 110), Say, 
American Conchology, pl. 59. f. 2 

Cerith. testa elongato-turrita, albidd, longitudinaliter nodoso- 
plicata, inter plicas spiraliter lineatim nigro punctata ; anfractibus 
ventricosis, ultimo subtis unicarinato ; aperturd subovali; canali 
torto, subproducto ; labio externo angulato. 

This beautiful species is distinguished by the spiral rows of 
blackish or reddish dots between the ribs and a keel at the lower 
part of the whorls. Lord Hood’s Island, Mr. Cuming ; south 
shores of Florida, Say. 


54. Curiraium pLanum (pl. clxxxi. f. 111, 112, 113,), An- 
ton. Philippi. Abbild. t. 1. f. 18. 

Cerith. testé pupaeformi, alba vel castaneo fasciata, spiraliter stri- 
ati; anfractibus numerosis, rectis, longitudinaliter forte plicatis ; 
apice livido ; ultimo anfractu ad basin spiraliter unicariato, exca- 
vato; canali recto; apertura subtrigona. 

The numerous plicated whorls are straight-sided, the last bemg 
girt with a spiral ridge, under which it is excavated. The canal 
is straight, and nearly closed. Philippines, H. Cuming. 


55. Cerrriium satesrosvum (pl. clxxxi. f. 114,115), Modis. 

Cerith. test elongato-turrita, scabrosd, alb’, nonnunquam fusco 

variegata; anfractibus pliciferis et granulatim costatis, ad suturam 
clevatis, ultimo infern’ bicarinato ; canali obliquo. 

The sculpture resembles that of C. asperum in the Veriapee 
group; it is rough and rasp-like. The whorls are elevated near 
the sutures, the last having two beaded keels. Hab. Lord Hood’s 
Island. 


56. Cerrruium BaLreatum (pl. clxxxi. f. 116, 117), PAi- 
lip, Abbild. t. 1. f. 10. 


Cerith. testa fusiformi, turrita, alba, rubro vel fusco fasciata, 


spiraliter striata; anfractibus numerosis plicatis subventricosis, ul- 
timo inferné bicarinato ; canali recto. 

The shape is more fusiform than in C. planum, and the whorls 
more ventricose. The lower part of the last whorl is slightly bi- 
carinated, and more gradually terminated. Philippines, A. Cumang. 


57. Currrutum coronatum (pl. clxxxi. f. 118), Wodis. 


Cerith. testa C. Zalteato simili, sed canali validiore, anfractibus 
prope suturam nodulis albis prominentibus coronata. 

This is like C. Galteatum, but has a row of white tubercles on 
the whorls near the suture. Philippines, H. Cuming. 


58. CerirHiuM ERtEnsE (pl. clxxxi. f. 119), Valenciennes. 


Cerith. testa nigra, elevati, mitreeformi; anfractibus costis gra- 
nuliferis quatuor cinctis; sutwrd excavaté; apertura brevi, alba. 

A black, long shell, with four granulated ribs on each whorl. 
Honduras Bay, IZ. Dyson. Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


59. CurirHium coratiium (pl. clxxix. f. 63), Kiener, Sp. 
de Coq. Cerith. p. 32, pl. 8, f. 3. 


Cerith. testa elongata, fusco-nigrescente, longitudinaliter pli- 
caté ; suturd excavati; anfractibus spiraliter tricostatis costis no- 
duliferis ; apertura ovali; labio externo crasso denticulato, labio 
interno posticé uniplicato; canali brevissimo. 

A long, granulated, ribbed, dark-coloured shell, consisting of 
many whorls, which are separated by a grooved suture; three 
grained, spiral ribs cross the longitudinal plice. Lo Io, Island 
of Panay, Philippines, H. Cuming. 


60. Ceriraium GRranosum (pl. clxxxi. f. 123, 124), Kvener, 
Sp. de Coq. Cerith. pl. 4. f. 3. 


Cerith. testi C. coralli simillima, sed magis conici, breviore, 
apertura magis rhomboidea. 

If this be really distinct from C. corallium, the distinction con- 
sists in the shorter and more conical form, and in the greater 
angularity of the aperture. Australia. 


61. Crriratum rictum (pl. clxxxi. f. 121), Wood, Ind. test. 
Supp. pl. 5. f. 2-4. C. heteroclites, Lamk. Cerith. no. 24? 


Cerith. testa solid, lata, alba, fusco-nigrescente pictd, spiraliter 
striata ; anfractibus noduloso-plicatis, angulatis; apertura bicana- 
liculaté, subrotunda. 

This shell is slightly striated, rather ventricose, and beautifully 
pated with dark brown. Locality unknown. 

dU 


864 


62. CrrirHium pusium (pl. clxxxi. f. 120), Nobis. 


Cerith. testa pyramidali, fulva; anfractibus angulatis, ventri- 
cosis, ad angulum pliciferis, subtts ad suturam moniliferis, ultimo 
subtis unicarinato ; carina rubro punctata ; apertura subquadrata ; 
canali breviusculo. 

We describe this provisionally, from a single and not quite 
complete specimen in Mr. Cuming’s collection from Van Diemen’s 
Land. The whorls are angulated and pliciferous in the centre, 
beaded at the suture; the last with a beaded keel, red spots be- 
tween the beads. 


63. Crrrrutum Nova#-Hotianpi# (pl. clxxvi. f. 54), A. 
Adams, MS. 


Cerith. testé pyramidali, ad suturam, aperturam et apicem alba, 
ad medium anfractuum fusco variegaté; anfractibus ad suturam 
inflatis et nodulosis, medio spiraliter striatis et costis interruptis 
nodulosis cinctis; aperturd paulultiim elevata, superné uniplicata, 
anticé subangulaté; canali brevi, obliquo. 

The suture of this shell is bordered by a white, swelled, nodu- 
lous band, and the other part of the whorls is girt by two or three 
beaded and spotted ribs, only one of which is visible in the upper 
whorls. New Holland, Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


64, Ceriraium vuLeatum (pl. clxxvui. f. 43; pl. clxxix. f. 
67), Brug., EH. M.no. 13. Strombus nodosus, Schrwt. Murex alu- 
coides, Oliv. Cerithium thymetus, Meusch., fid. Morch. C. vulga- 
¢um Variis spinosa, tuberculata, nodulosa, plicata, gracilis. 


Cerith. test& turrité, plerumque ventricosi, grised vel fulva, 
uigro vel fusco variegati, plerumque obtusé echinata, spiraliter 
striati; anfractibus tuberculatis, super angulum subexcavatis ; 
aperturd magna, ovali; canali brevi, aperto. 

The species is common in the Mediterranean, and it is with dif- 
ficulty that one recognizes the identity between the several varie- 
ties, particularly the extremely narrow one, f. 67. 


65. Ceriraium susnoposum (pl. clxxvin. f. 47), 4. Adams. 


Cerith. testi elevata, solid, pallida, fusco varid; anfractibus 
acuté plicato-nodulosis, striatis ; apertura ovali; margine simplici. 

This shell nearly resembles the narrower varieties of C. vu/gatum, 
but it is of a different texture and lighter colour. The specimen 
figured is in Mr. Cuming’s collection from New Holland. 


865 


66. CertTHtum minutUM (pl. clxxxi. f. 122), Phidippi, Knum. 
Moll. Sic. 


Cerith. test4 parva, tenui, striata, echinata, alba, castaneo varie- 
gata; anfractibus angulatis, nodulis acutis cinctis. 

This little shell differs so much in texture, form, and size from 
C. vulgatum, that we cannot refrain from following those who have 
considered it distinct. Mediterranean. 


67. Certratum Mepirerraneum (pl. clxxxi. f. 125, 131, 
182, 133; pl. clxxvin. f.50), Desh., 2nd ed.; Lamk., An.s. vert. 
t. 9, p. 292 nota. C. fuscatum, Costa, Philippi, non Linn. 


Cerith. testa parva, solida, subventricosa, laevigata, leviter striata, 
griseo-viridescente, fusco-rubescente minuté variegata ; anfractibus 
ad angulum nodulosis, ultimo magno versus aperturam contracto ; 
apertura parva, posticé margine excavato incrassato rubro-lineato. 
Oceurrit var. enode, rugosa. 

Much smoother than C. vadgatum, less tuberculated, and with 
the aperture of a different form. Mediterranean. Mr. Hanley’s 
cabinet. A variety occurs which is destitute of the angular knobs. 


68. Certraium musicum (pl. clxxxi. f. 130), Nobis. 


Cerith. testa parva, ventricosi, nigro-lineat’; anfractibus angu- 
latis, acuté tuberculatis, ultimo magno; aperturd magna, intts 
flavida. 

This species differs from C. Mediterraneum in the large space 
occupied by the last whorl; it is smooth, and marked across by 
neat lines, as if ruled for music. Mr. Hanley and Mr. Cuming 
have the species, which is from Cape de Verd. 


69. Ceriraium oceLiatum (pl. clxxix. f. 59, 77), Brug., 
Dict. H. M. Certth. 43. C. irroratum, Gould. C. interruptum, 
ibid. 

Cerith. testé conico-turrita, migra, tuberculis et punctis albis 
depressis ornataé; anfractibus angulatis, ultimis ventricosis ; aper- 
turd subquadrata; canali brevi, lato, truncato. 

A black, ventricose shell, having tubercles, and between the 
strize and tubercles rows of depressed white pits. Gulf of Cali- 
fernia, Gould ; Gallapagos, MS. label. 


70. Ceritaium apustum (pl. clxxvii. f. 48), Kzener, Sp. de 
Coq. p. 37. no. 26; pl. 13. f. 2. now C. maculosum, Avener. 


Cerith. testA ventricosi, obscuré nigrescente variegata, striata ; 


866 


anfractibus vix tuberculatis, prope suturam tumidis; apertura 
magna, postice contracté; labio interno plici und magna. 

A thick, rather smooth, ventricose, obscurely clouded species, 
with the upper part of the aperture contracted, and a large fold at 
the back of the imner lip. Gallapagos Island, H. Cuming. 


71. Cerrruium Neputosum (pl. clxxix. f. 60), Modis. C. 
maculosum, Avener. 


Cerith. testa C. adusto simili, sed tuberculis magnis acutis ar- 
mata. 

In form like C. adustum, but having large acute tubercles on 
the angle of the whorls, and two rows on the middle of the last 
whorl. Had. Gallapagos Island, H. Cuming. The name C. macu- 
losum is occupied by a species belonging to the Vertayus group. 


72. Crriraium caruLeum (pl. elxxix. f. 61, 62), Wodvs. 
C. tuberculatum, Lamk.; Kiener, non Linn. 


Cerith. testa crass, ventricosa, grisea, nigro maculata, tuberculis 
magnis rotundatis ; anfractibus angulatis, ultimo magno ; labio ex- 
terno crasso. 

This very thick, roughly tuberculated, bluish species is spotted 
with black. It is from the Red Sea, and quite distinct from C. 
tuberculatum of Linneeus. 


73. Ceriraium Guinatcum (pl. clxxxi. f. 126, 127), Phil. 
Abbild. t. 1. £. 18. 


Cerith. test4 ventricosé, minuté striaté, alb’, epidermide fusca 
viridescente partim indutd; anfractibus ad suturam tumidis, plicis 
magnis undulatis, interstitiis fusco lineatis. 

Nearly all the colour is contained in the epidermis, which 
clothes the lower part of the whorls, leaving the upper part white, 
with very few brown spots or lines. The whorls are tumid near 
the sutures, and undulated with large tubercles. Had. Coast of 
Guinea, L’ Argilhere ; Lord Hood’s Island, H. Cuming. 


74. CeriraHium LiTreratum (pl. clxxxi. f. 128, 129), Born, 
Ind. Mus. Ces. p. 328. t. 11. f. 14, 15. 


Cerith. testé ventricos’, conicd, granoso-striata, alba, griseo vel 
rubro punctis quadratis tessellati; anfractibus prope umbones 
angulati et tuberculis armaté, ultimo magno; apertura magna, 
subpyriformi, posticé angulata, anticé rotundata ; labio interno uni- 
plicato, labio externo subexpanso ; canali brevi. 

The well-known West Indian shell, tessellated with square 


867 


reddish or brown spots, and having a row of pointed tubercles on 
the upper part of the whorls, close to the suture. 


75. CERITHIUM SEMIFERRUGINEUM (pl. clxxix. f. 75, 76), 
Lamarck. C. tuberculatum, Sows. Gen. 


Cerith. test C. Zitterato simili, sed levigati, magis tuberculata, 
colore variegata. 

Although this species is also West Indian, and its form gene- 
rally resembling that of C. tteratum, it differs in being smooth 
between the tubercles, which are more numerous and prominent ; 
it is not tessellated, but the colours are laid on in irregular 
patches. 


76. Ceriraium Prperitum (pl. clxxxi. f. 136, 137), Nodis. 
C. punctatum, Brug. HK. Met. no. 40; Lamk. no. 34; Kien. Sp. 
de Coq. p. 48. no. 35. pl. 16. f. 14. 


Cerith. testa turrita, varicosd, transversim striata, alba, rubro 
aut fusco punctata; anfractibus medio stria obsoleté tuberculata 
instructis, ultimo basi lined alba cincto. 

A pretty little species, with black or dark brown spots on 
slightly raised rounded strie. Hab. Senegal, Zam. Smooth 
variety. Philippines, Cuming. The name punctatum was pre- 
occupied by a Linnean species. 


77. CERITHIUM TESSELLATUM (pl. clxxxi. f. 133, 134), Nodzs. 


Cerith. test ventricosd, brevi, alba, punctis quadratis fasciatim 
tessellaté, mmuté granulata ; varicibus albis ; anfractibus subventri- 
cosis, ultimo magno; apertura ovali; labio interno violascente, 
labio externo crenulato incrassato. 

A beautiful, small, ventricose, minutely granulated white shell, 
tessellated with rows of square reddish-brown spots. Mr. Cum- 
ing’s collection from Darnley’s Island, Australia, Jukes. 


78. Ceriraium porsvosum (pl. clxxxi. f. 138, 139, 140), 
A. Adams, med. 


Cerith. testa crassa, dorso elevaté, subventricosé, subconica, 
leviter striata, nigro vel griseo maculaté; anfractibus planulatis ; 
apertura bicanaliculata, ad spiram elevata, subtrigond; labio in- 
terno posticé calloso ; canali brevissimo. 

Thick, conical, ventricose, and remarkable for the elevation of 
the dorsal part of the whorls. The aperture is rather trigonal, 
and elevated towards the spire. Misamis, Island of Mindanao, 
Philippines, HZ. Cuming. 


868 


79. CerITHIUM OBEsUM (pl. clxxxi. f. 141, 142), Nodvs. 


Cerith. test’ crassa, ventricosi, striaté, nigro vel griseo macu- 
lata, ad suturas undulata; apertura magna, subtrigona ; labio in- 
terno anticé brevissimo, posticé calloso ; canali brevissimo. 

Much more ventricose than C. dorswosum, the whorls undulated 
near the suture, and the back not so remarkably raised. Had. 
Island of Bohol, Philippines, Cuming. 


80. Cerrrarum scuptum (pl. clxxxu. f. 144, 145), Nobis. 


Cerith. testa parva, solida, ventricos4, fusco-nigrescente varie- 
gata, spiraliter costellis planulatis, crenulatis, et interstitiis linea- 
ribus cincté ; anfractibus rotundatis, ultimo magno; apertura ro- 
tundata ; canali breve; labio externo crenulato fimbriato. 

A small, solid, darkly variegated, grooved shell, of a rather 
conical form, with rounded whorls. Locality unknown. 


81. Ceriraium Lutvosum (pl. clxxxi. f. 146, 147, 148), 
Menke. C. mutabile, C. B. Adams, incluso. 


Cerith. test&é parva, brevi, grised, nigro variegatd, ventricosi, 
longitudinaliter et spiraliter granosi; aperturad subrotunda; canali 
brevissimo. 

A very little, black, mottled, short, ventricose shell, granulated 
by the crossing of sulci in each direction. Jamaica. Fig. 147 is 
from a small shell in Mr. Hanley’s collection, which may possibly 
be distinct. Fig. 148 represents C. mutabile. 


82. CreritHtum Savi (pl. clxxxii. f. 149, 150, 151), Menke. 
CO. nigra, Zotten, Silliman’s Journ. xviii. 352. f. 8. C. reticulatum, 
Totten, Siliman’s Journ. xxvi. 369. pl. 1. f. 7. C. Lota, Gould ? 


Cerith. testé, parva, subconici, brevi, nigra, cancellati, costis 
longitudinalibus et striis elevatis cancellaté, suturd excavata. 

Very small, black, conical, cancellated by longitudinal ribs and 
spiral raised lines. Continent of North America. C. Jota, Gould, 
is represented by figure 151. 


83. CErRITHIUM INCcISuM (pl. clxxxu. f. 152), Nobis. 


Cerith. testa elongata, spiraliter inciso-sulcata, fusco-viridescente, 
nigro maculata ; anfractibus subventricosis, gradatim crescentibus, 
propé suturam angulatim subelevatis; apertura magni; labio in- 
terno posticé uniplicato, anticé in canalem distinctum terminato ; 
labio externo laqueato. 

Mr. Cuming’s collection contains several specimens from Aus- 
tralia, and one collected by himself in the Philippines. It is a 


869 


shell with rounded whorls, crossed by deeply cut grooves. The 
aperture is very remarkable in form; it has a posterior canal, 
formed by a prominent fold, and a very distinct anterior canal, the 
columella terminating abruptly. The aperture is expanded and 
fringed ; colour greenish, with black spots. 


84. Creritutum curtum (pl. clxxxii. f. 153, 154), Nodvs. 
Cerith. testa C. czeiso simili, sed spird longé breviore ; anfrac- 
tibus paucis. 
The specimen is in Mr. Metcalfe’s collection, and may possibly 
be a variety of C. cnciswm ; but the spire is so much shorter m 
proportion, that we are compelled to give it a separate name. 


85. Certraium Gatiapaeinis (pl. elxxxu. f. 155, 156), A. 
Adams (Tympanotus). 


Cerith. testa subovali, fusco-nigrescente, sulcis spiralibus et costis 
longitudinalibus moniliferis minute granulaté; anfractibus octo 
gradatim crescentibus subangulatis ; apertura subovali; canali bre- 
vissimo. 

A small, darkly coloured species, brought from the Gallapagos 
by Mr. Cuming. It is granulated by ribs and grooves in both 
directions ; the middle whorls are rather angulated. 


86. CERITHIUM BREVICULUM (pl. clxxxi. f. 143), Sowerby, 
Genera of Shells, Cerith. f. 1. 


Cerith. testa brevissima, ventricosa, spiraliter striata, seriatim 
tuberculata, nigra vel grisea, nigro maculata; spira brevi; apertura 
: g : : , 
magna; labio externo acuté denticulato, ultimo anfractu inferné 
varicoso. 
A very short, ventricose, tuberculated shell, brought by Mr. 
Cuming from the Philippimes, and occurring in other collections. 


_ 87. Crriturum Mercatret (pl. clxxxu. f. 157, 158), Nodis. 


Cerith. testa ventricosi, brevi, spiraliter striata, seriatim tuber- 
culata, grised, ad apicem flavidd, tuberculis nigrescentibus, ad 
dorsum elevatéi; apertura magna; labio externo crasso, albo, cre- 
nulato. 

Resembling C. dreviculum, but of a rather different shape. The 
back is raised, and the aperture is thickened within. The only 


specimen we have seen is the one figured from Mr. Metcalfe’s 
collection. 


88. Crerrrutum Bornir (pl. clxxxi. f. 175), Nodcs. Cerith. 
tuberculatum, Born, Ind. Mus. Cees. non Linn. 


870 


Cerith. testa nigrA vel griseo-nigrescente, crassa, brevi, ventri- 
cosa, striata’; anfractibus tuberculorum magnorum seriebus duabus 
armatis ; apertura magna ; labio interno brevissimo ; canali brevis- 
simo. 

This is not the 8. ¢ubercudatus of Linneus. The upper whorls 
have two rows of large, distant tubercles. Island of Seychelles. 


89. Ceriraium morus (pl. clxxxi. f. 159, 160, 161), Lamh. 
Hist. Nat. An. s. vert. 


Cerith. test brevi, crassi, ventricosa, seriebus tribus tubercu- 
lata, nigra vel fusco-nigrescente, vel grisea nigro maculata; spird 
brevi ; anfractibus paucis ; apertura subovali ; labio externo crasso, 
crenulato; canali brevissimo. 

The light-coloured shell, fig. 159, is from Mr. Metcalfe’s col- 
lection, and slightly resembles the Strombus tuberculatus of Lin- 
neus. ‘The variety, fig. 161, is Mr. Hanley’s. The dark shell, 
fig. 160, may be considered typical; dark tubercles, corresponding 
in form and sculpture with C. morus of Bruguicre and Lamarck. 
Hab. Red Sea and Madagascar. 


90. Cerrruium tuBrrcuLatum (pl. clxxxu. f. 162, 164), 
Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. no. 544. C. carbonarum, Philippi. 


Cerith. test4 breviuscula, striata, nigra, vel grisea nigro macu- 
lata; tuberculis nigris seriatim ornata. 

The tubercles are distinct and nearly black, with sharp stric be- 
tween them. Tig. 162 is from the original specimen in Linnzeus’s 
collection. The better preserved specimen, with more irregularly 
coloured beading, was obtained by Mr. Cuming at the Island of 
Panay, Philippines. 

91. Ceriratum Monitirerum (pl. clxxxu. f. 163, 165), 
Kiener, Sp. Coq. pl. 16. f. 3. 

Cerith. testa ovali, subventricos’, solid’, ad apicem gradatim 
attenuata, tuberculis ovatis elevatis in seriebus tribus depositis, in- 
terstitiis striatis; apertura ovali; labio externo crenulato, labio 
interno utrinque plicato. 

Of a regular, oval form, tapering at the end, and distinguished 
from C. tuberculatum by the depth of its tubercles, which are 
arranged in rows so as to form ribs in both directions, and by the 
striee between the ribs. Collected at Lo Ilo, Island of Panay, Phi- 
lippines, by Mr. Cuming. 


92. Crrirntum variecatum (pl. clxxxi. f. 166, 167, 168, 
169), Quoy, Voy. de V Astr. pl. 55. f. 17. 


871 


Cerith. testé pupeeformi, irregulari, breviuscula, irregulariter 
3 te) 3 ? g 

monilifera, varié picté ; anfractibus medio subventricosis ; apertura 
plerumque contracti, albi vel purpurea. 

Rather variously coloured, pupzform, irregularly beaded, with 

2 I ‘ S) 
the last whorl and aperture generally contracted, sometimes purple. 
a pe a het dia putt 

Mr. Cuming has many varieties from the Philippines. 


93. Certratum Traut (pl. clxxxu. f. 173, 174), Nodis. 


Cerith. testi C. variegato simili, sed solidiore, magis pyramidali, 
labio externo crasso. 

This is like some varieties of C. variegatum, but it is more re- 
gularly formed and pyramidal, and does not show the same ten- 
dency to contract in the lower whorls. Singapore, JZ. Traill. 


94, CerirHium peTrosum (pl. clxxxu. f. 171, 172), Wood, 
Supp. pl. 4. £ 9. 
Cerith. testa C. variegato simili, sed ventricos4, anfractibus 
tuberculatis. 
Much shorter and more ventricose than C. variegatum, with large 
tubercles on the upper part of the whorls. East Indian Archi- 


pelago. 
95. Ceriraium inrLatum (pl. clxxxu.f.170), Quoy et Gai- 


mard, Voy. de l’Astr. t. 3. p. 180, pl. 55. £10; Kien. pl. 7.f. 1; 
Cerith. Billeheusti ? Petit, Journ. de Conch. 


Cerith. test ovato-ventricosa, tuberculosd, subplicata, tenuis- 
Day : A : A A A a 
simé transversim striata, nigrd; apertura ampla, subrotunda, albo 
et fusco striata; canali brevi, truncato. 

The figure is copied from Kiener. Africa. 


96. CeritHium rerrucinevM (pl. clxxxui. f. 176, 177, 178), 
Say, Amer. Conch. pl. 49, f. 2; C. variabile e¢ C. versicolor, C. 
B. Adams, inclusis ? 
Cerith. test parva, fuscd, longitudinaliter plicata, spiraliter no- 
dulis nigrescentibus cincté ; apertura parva; labio externo crasso. 
A rather narrow, but solid shell, with darkly coloured tubercles 
in spiral rows on the longitudinal plicee. Hab. America. We can- 
not distinguish the species of the other American author, excepting 
as varieties. The specimens, fig. 176 and 178, are in Mr, Hanley’s 
collection. Fig. 177, from Mr. Cuming’s collection, represents 
C. versicolor, C. B. Adams. 


97. Curiruium patuLtum (pl. clxxix. f. 74), Nobis. 


Cerith. test’ irregulariter varicosi, dorso elevatd, brevi, fuscé ; 
By ox 


$72 


anfractibus seriebus duabus tuberculatis ; apertura alba, patula ; 
labio interno uniplicato. 

Resembling carbonarwm, but a more solid shell, with the aper- 
ture spread, and the canal longer. Ilo Tlo, Island of Panay, Phi- 
lippines, H. Cuming. 


98. Cerirnium aLrernatum (pl. clxxix. f. 70, 73, and pl. 
elxxxil. f. 179), Nodis. 

Cerith. testi subventricosi, albi seu alternatim albo et fusco 
fasciaté; anfractibus subangulatis, costis nodulosis et interstitiis 
striatis cinctis; apertura ovali; canali brevi; labio interno ple- 
rumque violaceo. 

This pretty species is either all white, or it has white beaded 
ribs, with brown bands in the interstices. //ad. Island of Ticao, 
Philippines, H. Cuming. 


99. CrrirHium PurRPURASCENS (pl. clxxxii. f. 182-186), 
Nobis. 

Cerith. test& ventricosd, nodulis acutis armati, maculis seriatim 
variegati; anfractibus angulatis, ad angulum tuberculis acutis 
magnis, ad suturam et in medio tuberculis parvis rotundatis cinc- 
tis, ultimo ventricoso ; aperturé magna; labio interno medio pur- 
pureo, posticé uniplicato, labio externo uncinato. 

The form is rather ventricose, with angulated whorls. The 
spiral ribs are armed with sharp nodules, behind each of which, in 
some varieties, there is a brown spot. The aperture is large, with 
a purple spot on the columellar lip. The brown and black-spotted, 
or lineated varieties, are Mr. Cuming’s, from the Philippines; the 
red-spotted and black varieties are Mr. Hanley’s. 


100. Cerrruium nitripum (pl. clxxxii. f. 180, 181), Nodis. 


Cerith. testé C. purpurascenti simili, sed crassiore, angustiore, 
nodulis depressis; colore fusco, rubescente nonnunquam lineato. 

Lip ventricose, more solid, and with the nodules more depressed 
and moniliform than C. purpurascens. Mr. Cuming collected the 
species at the Island of Bohol, Phihppines. Mr. Hanley and Mr. 


Metcalfe also have specimens. 


101. Cerrrnium spLenpDENs (pl. clxxxi. f. 191), Nodis. 


Cerith. testé pyramidali, acuta, grisescente ; anfractibus angu- 
latis, costis acute noduliferis et nigro-punctatis cinctis; canali 
mediocri. 

Of an acute pyramidal form, with sharply armed ribs, which are 
marked between the nodules with black or dark brown spots. The 


873 


specimen figured is Mr. Hanley’s. Mr. Cuming also has the spe- 
cies from St. Nicholas, Island of Zebu, Philippines. 


102. Cerrratum rusus (pl. elxxxii. f. 188, 189), Martyn 
(Clava), Univ. Conch. pl. 28. Murex serratus, Wood, Ind. test. 
pl. 28. f. 158. C. rubus, Desh. 


Cerith. testa fusiformi, fusco-grisescente interlineata, costis spi- 
ralibus nodulis elevatis acuté angulatis armata. 

The spiral and generally white ribs of this species are armed 
with produced points, almost amounting to spines. 


103. Crrtrutum Exmium (pl. clxxxvin. f. 192), Mobos. 


Cerith. testA quam C. rubus magis elevata, ultimo anfractu sub- 
contracta, colore pallidiore. 

More elevated than C.rwbus, with the last whorl more contracted ; 
the colour is paler, but the sculpture is similar. From Ceylon, 
Layard. Cuming’s collection. 


104, CerirHiumM MITRarorME (pl. clxxxin. f. 190), Nodes. 


Cerith. testa subfusiformi, fusco interlineata, costis minuté moni- 
liformibus albis cincté, ad suturam albo fasciatd ; apertura ovali ; 
canali lato, truncato. 

Shaped like C. rubus, but more finely and less acutely sculp- 
tured, having a white band close to the suture. The only speci- 
men is in Mr. Cuming’s collection. Locality unknown. 


105. Cerrruium Gemma (pl. elxxvi. f. 51), Nodis. 


Cerith. test& breviuscula, alba, nigro super costas maculata, ad 
apicem livida ; anfractibus spiraliter bicostatis ; costis nodulis acutis 
armatis, varicibus albis ; apertura parva, ovali, alb&; canali brevi. 

This beautiful little shell is in Mr. Cuming’s collection, from 
Puteao, Island of Luzon, Philippines. It has sharply beaded 
spiral ribs, some of which are defined in squares by black spots. 


106. Ceriruium Lemniscatum (pl. clxxxii. f. 187), Quoy, 
Voy. Astr. pl. 54. f. 16-18. 


Cerith. test’ breviuscula, alb4, castaneo fasciaté; anfractibus 
numerosis angulatis, acute tuberculatis, post angulum fasciatum ; 
labio externo crasso. 

This species, in form resembling C. ferragineum, has the tuber- 
cles sharp, and besides two brown bands on the lower part, has a 
broad band on the upper part, close to the suture. Mr. Cuming 
has the species from St. Nicholas, Island of Zebu, Philippines. 
Mr. Hanley also has a specimen. 


874 


107. Ceriratum rucosum (pl. clxxxin. f. 195, 196, 197), 
Wood, Suppl. pl. 4. f. 10. C. breve, Quoy, Voy. Ast. pl. 54. f. 
9-12. 

Cerith. testé breviusculd, crass’, irregulariter varicos4, costis 
tuberculatis obtusis et plicis longitudinalbus quasi cancellata, 
grisea vel alba, nigro vel rubro variegati. 

Short, coarsely tuberculated, and as it were cancellated, irre- 
gularly varicose, thick, variegated. Philippines. 


108. Crriratum virratum (pl. clxxxi. f. 194), Nodzs. 


Cerith. testé crassi, brevi, albo et rufo alternatim spiraliter 
fasciata, longitudinaliter plicata, spiraliter striaté; apertura parva ; 
labio externo crasso teeniato. , 

This species is spirally banded by ribbons of alternate white 
and brown ; it is short, thick, longitudinally ribbed and spirally 
striated. The aperture is small, with the outer lip thick and 
prettily banded. I have only seen specimens in Mr. Metcalfe’s 
and Mr. Hanley’s collection. 


109. Cerrratum Hanteyi (pl. clxxxii. f. 193), Wodzs. 


Cerith. test& conicd, parva, albi, castaneo bifasciaté, minuté 
seriatim moniliferi; apertura subtrigond; canali brevi. 

White and brown banded, conical, and minutely beaded. This 
pretty little shell belongs to Mr. Hanley. 


110. Cerrruium Brrascratum (pl. elxxxii. f. 198), Nodrs. 
Cerith. testé C. rugoso simili, sed regulari, acuté striati, alba, 
rufo bifasciata. 
Not so irregular nor so coarse as C. rugosa, the striz more 
sharply cut, and the whorls regularly banded with brown. St. 
Nicholas, Island of Zebu, Philippines, HZ. Cuming. Mr. Hanley 


has a specimen. 


111. Cerrritum RuBRo-LINEATUM (pl. clxxxii. f. 199), Nodzs. 

Cerith. testa ventricosi, C. monilifero simili, sed lineis rubris 
spiralibus continuis undulatis. 

In form like C. moniliferum, but instead of the coloured bead- 


ings there are continuous red-beaded lines. Mr. Metcalfe’s ca- 
binet. 


112. Cerrruium crassiLaBrum (pl. clxxxii. f. 202, 203), 
Krauss, Sud. Moll. t. 6. f. 10. 


Cerith. testa parva, conic’, minute striata, striis moniliformibus 


875 


punctatis; apertura magni; labio externo crasso, variat fusco 
fasciato. 

Like a Nassa in form, conical and pointed, with raised strie, 
which are beaded and spotted with dark brown. One variety has 
a broad brown band in the centre of the whorls. In Mr. Cuming’s 
collection from Port Natal. 


113. CerirHium RARIMACULATUM (pl. clxxxi. f. 204), Nodes. 


Cerith. testa parva, elongata, albA, maculis rubescentibus picta ; 
anfractibus angulatis tuberculiferis. 

A small white shell, with elevated spire, the whorls angulated 
with a row of tubercles on the angle. Reddish-brown spots mark 
the lower part of the whorls. Island of Zebu, Philippines. /. 
Cuming. 

114. Currrutum Nassorpe (pl. clxxxii. f. 200, 201), Nobis. 

Cerith. testi parva, ventricos4, minuté striati, alba, prope su- 
turam rubro maculaté; anfractibus prope suturam angulatis, ul- 
timo magno ; labio lineato. 

A neat little shell, shaped lke a Nassa, very prettily marked 


with red or black near the suture. It is in Mr. Cuming’s collec- 
tion, brought by Dr. Newcombe from the Sandwich Islands. 


115. Cerrrurum nivosum (pl. clxxxii. f. 205), Nodis. 


Cerith. testé parva, alba, subventricosa, seriatim acuté nodosum, 
ad suturam moniliformi. 

A very small white shell, shaped lke a Nassa ; it is delicately 
beaded in series on the whorls, with a more prominent beading at 
the suture. Mr. Hanley’s collection. Locality unknown. 


116. Ceriraium FLAMMIcULATUM (pl. clxxxii. f. 206), Vodis. 


Cerith. testa brevi, grised, rufo-nigrescente flammiculati, medio 
subventricosi, anfractibus seriebus tribus rotundatim granosi, 
ultimo ventricoso ; apertura subtrigona ; labio externo nigrescente ; 
canali brevissimo. 

A short species, prettily flawed with reddish-black between 
three spiral rows of roundish grains. ‘The figure is from a speci- 
men in Mr. Hanley’s collection. Mr. Metcalfe has two very small 
specimens resembling it. 


117. Ceriratum zesprum (pl. clxxxiu. f. 207, 208, 209), 
Kiener, Sp. Coq. pl. 25. f. 4. C. dilectum, C. B. Adams. 


Cerith. testa parva, elongata, minute longitudinaliter et spiral- 


876 


ter granulosa, alba, vel rosea, vel cinerea, vel fusco fasciata, varici- 
bus albis. 

This little species differs from C. gibderulwm in being so much 
more finely sculptured in proportion to its size. Hab. Gallapagos 
Islands. 


118. CERITHIUM GIBBERULUM (pl. clxxxiv. f. 210, 211), C. 
B. Adams. 


Cerith. testi pupzeformi, turrita, fusco-grisescente vel nigra, 
varicibus albis, longitudinaliter costat& et spiraliter sulcata ; aper- 
tura parva. 

Very small and rather long, white, or nearly black, with white 
varices, having longitudinal ribs crossed by raised lines. Coast 
of North America. 


119. Cerrraium TENvE (pl. clxxxiv. f. 212), Nodzs. 

Cerith. testi parva, elongata, alba, ad suturam et inferné fusca, 
longitudinaliter rugoso-costata, spiraliter undulatim costata; an- 
fractibus numerosis; spiré elongata; apertura parva. 

A very small, white, roughly ribbed shell, with a band of brown 
at the suture, and another at the lower part of each whorl. Port 
Lincoln. (Mus. Cuming and Hanley.) 


120. Crrirnium Lacteum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 213, 214), Kiener, 
Sp. Coq. pl. 7. f. 3. 
Cerith. testa pupzeformi, alba, spiraliter minuté granoso-striata ; 
apertura, parva. 
Pupzeform, white, tapering at the apex, minutely crossed with 
grained raised lines. Island of Ticao, Philippines, H. Cuming. 


121. Curiruium papitiosum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 215), Modis. 


Cerith. testi pallidi, minuté granulati, elongatd, medio sub- 
ventricos4; anfractibus numerosis, paululim inflatis, longitudina- 
liter crebre plicatis, spiraliter seriebus sex granulosis, granulis 
rubro punctatis ; apertura parva. 

Pale, small, pupeeform, with minute reddish dots at the back of 
each granule. Mr. Hanley’s collection. 


122. Cerrruium intersteiatum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 216), Nodis. 


Cerith. test& pyramidali, pallida, fusco pallidé variegata, alterna- 
tim costulis granosis et lineis elevatis levibus spiraliter cincta ; 
anfractibus subplanulatis ; apertura rotundai; labio externo ex- 
panso; canali brevi, valido. 


877 


Pyramidal, pale, variegated with pale brown, girt with alter- 
nately smooth and granulated spiral ridges ; aperture rather round, 
with the outer lip expanded. Mr. Hanley’s and Mr. Sowerby’s 
collections. Locality unknown. 


le. Last whorl but one large, last whorl contracted.—Genus 
Corina, A. Adams. 
123. Ceriraium pincuxr (pl. clxxxiv. f. 217), 4. Adams. 
Colina pinguis, zxed. 

Cerith. testé ventricosi, medio inflata, striaté, pallida, spird co- 
nici, gracili; anfractibus medianis tuberculatis inflatis, ultimo con- 
tracto, ad suturam crenulato, versus aperturam expanso ; apertura 
parva; labio interno simplici, labio externo expanso, lineato. 

With a tapering spire, this shell has the middle whorls inflated 
and tuberculated, and the last whorl contracted. Mr. Cuming’s 
collection, from Port Natal. 


124, Ceriratum contractum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 218), Modis. 


Cerith. testé C. pingui simili, sed longé angustiore. 
A much narrower shell than C. pinguis, with a similar contrac- 
tion of the last whorl. Mr. Hanley’s collection. Locality unknown. 


125. Cerrrutum macrostoma (pl. clxxxiv. f. 219), Hinds, 
Voy. Sulph. pl. 16. f. 12. 


Cerith. testi parva, tenui, elongata, costatd, spiraliter striata ; 
spira elongata ; anfractibus numerosis, ultimo uno latere contracto ; 
apertura parva ; labio externo expanso ; canali lato. 

A pretty little light elongated shell, with the back of the last 
whorl contracted and the outer lip of the aperture expanded. 
Borneo. 


126. CrritHium costatum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 220), 4. Adams, 
(Colina) costata, ined. 

Cerith. test& parva, pallid’, rubro maculata, solida, elongati,. 
costata, spiraliter inter costas striati, spiri elongata ; anfractibus 
angulatis, ultimo contracto; apertura parvd; labio externo expanso ; 
canali valido. 

Like C. maerostoma, but more solid, less slender, more strongly 
ribbed, with the outer lip less expanded. Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


127. Cerrruium PuPaFORME (pl. clxxxiv. f. 221), 4. Adams. 
Colina pupzeformis, ved. 


_ Cerith. testa C. costato simili, sed magis elongati; anfractibus 
inferioribus gradatim contractis. 


878 


More elongated and pupzform than C. costatum, with the three 
last whorls gradually contracted. Philippines, H. Cuming. 


1d. Numerous short whorls, short canal—Genus CEritHopPsIs, 
forbes and Hanley. 


128. Cerrrurum TUBERCULARE (pl. clxxxiv. f. 222), Mon- 
tagu, Test. But. p. 270. Cerithopsis, Lorbes and Hanley. 
Cerith. testi C. reticulato simili, sed anfractibus vix ventricosis, 
canali valido. 
It is not easy to find characters in this British shell to distin- 
guish it from C. reticulatum, even specifically, but the whorls are 
less ventricoss and the reticulation more fine. The canal is more 


decided. 


129. Cerrru1um Axcrrianum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 230, 231), 
Nobis. 
Cerith. testa pupzeformi, alba vel fulva, triseriatim tuberculata ; 
anfractibus distinctis ; apertura ovali. 
The whorls are straighter, and the tubercles less close than in 
C. tuberculare. Algiers, Mr. Hanley. 


130. CaritHium ReEticuLatum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 228, 229), 
Mont., Brit. Sp. p. 272. Terebra reticulata, H. M. p. 346. 


Cerith. test’ elongata, costis tribus spiralibus et plicis longitu- 
dinalis nodosis reticulata, fuscd vel albi; anfractibus ventricosis. 

Small, brown, reticulated with longitudinal plice, crossed by 
three spiral ribs. Great Britain and Mediterranean. 


131. Cerirutum tra (pl. clxxxiv. f. 232), Brug., Lan. 
An. s. vert. no. 35. . 


Cerith. testa elongata, ruff, varicosi; anfractibus numerosis, 
plicatis ad suturam elevatis, lineis acuté tuberculiferis cinctis ; 
apertura parva, simplici. 

Elongated, brown, red-lined, with plicee crossed by sharply tu- 
berculated spiral ribs. The whorls are shouldered at the suture. 
The aperture is small and simple. Mediterranean. 


132. Cerrruium eLoncatuo (pl. elxxxiv. f. 233, 234), Nobis. 


Cerith. testa attenuata, granulosi; anfractibus numerosis, ventri- 
cosis, obliquis; aperturé parva, simplici. 

Resembling C. dima, but more attenuated, with the grains 
coarser, and the whorls ventricose and more oblique. Mediterra- 
nean, Hanley. Australia, Strange. 


879 


133. CreriTH1uM GRaNaRium (pl. clxxxiv. f. 225, 226, 227), 
Kiener, pl. 19. f. 3. 


Cerith. testa C. Lime simili, sed granis obtusis ; anfractibus sub- 
planulatis. 

This Australian species differs from C. Zima in the tubercles 
not being sharp and the whorls not being shouldered. 


134. Ceriruium NneGcLectum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 235, 236), C. 
B. Adams. 


Cerith. testé minuta, migra vel fulva, pupzeformi, longitudina- 
liter plicata, spiraliter costis tuberculatis cinctd; apertura con- 
tracta. 

Minute, darkly coloured, and pupiform. ach of the upper 
whorls shows two or three spiral tuberculated ribs crossed by 
coarse longitudinal ones. Described as an American shell by 
Mr. Adams; brought from Algiers by Mr. Hanley. The light 


brown specimen is Mr. Metcalfe’s. 


1385. CeritHium RuGuULosuM (pl. clxxxiv. f. 237), C. B. 
Adams, Shells of Jamaica. C. vicinum, 77d. ? 


Cerith. testa turrita, parva, alba, cancellata ; anfractibus obliquis, 
ventricosis ; apertura ovali. 

Very minute, cancellated, with the whorls rather oblique and 
ventricose. The white specimen is in Mr. Cuming’s collection, 
from Jamaica. The brown specimen brought by Mr. Hanley 
from Algiers. 


186. Cerrruium GemMULosum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 238), C. B. 
Adams, Shells of Jamaica. 


Cerith. testé mimuta, nigrescente, subpyramidali ; anfractibus 
ventricosis, costis tribus angustatis rotundatim tuberculatis, inter- 
stitiis latis et lineis elevatis longitudinalibus cancellatis. 

Very like C. neglectum, but not so pupiform, and the inter- 
stices are wider than the tuberculated ridges, so that the tubercles 
form three lines of distinct round beads or gems on each whorl. 
Coast of North America. 


137. Cerrraium GRacite (pl. clxxxiv. f. 228, 229), Nodis. 


Cerith. testa alba vel fusca, tenui, parva, attenuata ; anfractibus 
numerosis, obliquis, costis spiralibus et lineis elevatis longitudi- 
nalibus reticulatis. 

Very slender, white or brown, reticulated by prominent. spiral 
ribs, crossed by longitudinal raised lines. The whorls are oblique, 

DY 


880 


numerous, and ventricose. Mr. Metcalfe’s collection. Locality 
unknown. 


138. Cerrruium puLtcHettum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 239), C. B. 
Adams, Shells of Jamaica. 


Cerith. test& minuta, pupzeformi, alba ; anfractibus superné ele- 
vatis, costellatis, inferné prope suturam carind unici moniliferd, 
rubra; aperturd magna ; columella tortuosa. 

The whorls of this pretty little Jamaican shell are fluted above, 
elevated and rounded, and near the suture circled by a beaded 
red line. Mr. Cuming’s collection. 


139. Crrirnium puncratum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 240), Linn. 
(Murex). M. subulatus, Montagu, Supp. p. 115, t. 80, f. 20; 
non ©. subulatum, Lam. C.? Emersom, C. B. Adams, Shells of 
Jamaica. 


Cerith. test4 pyramidali, basi truncata, fulva vel fusco fasciata ; 
anfractibus rectis, costis distanter tuberculatis, duabus magnis, 
und parva’ intermedia cinctis; apertura subtrigond; columella 
tortuosa. 

A pyramidal brown or brown-banded Jamaican shell, showing 
on each whorl two large spiral ribs, with rounded ribs at regular 
distances, and one small intermediate rib. The base is truncated, 
and the aperture trigonal. 


140. CurirHium TEREBELLUM (pl. clxxxiv. f. 241), C. B. 
Adams, Shells of Jamaica. 

Cerith. test& elongata, pyramidali, fulva; anfractibus spiraliter 
tricostatis, interstitiis latis crenulatis, ultimo truncato; apertura 
subtrigona. 

This Jamaican species is pyramidal, brown, with three smooth 
spiral ribs seen in each whorl, with wider crenulated interstices. 


141. Ceriratum trivinzatum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 242, 243), 
Phil. Enum. Sic. v. 1. p. 168. 


Cerith. testa C. ¢erebello simili, sed medio subinflato, interstitiis 
rubro lineatis. : 

This Mediterranean species differs from C. terededlwm in being 
less pyramidal, the central part being slightly swelled; the inter- 
stices constitute reddish dark lines. 


142. Cerrrutum cereum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 244, 245), Nodzs. 


Cerith. testa alba, C. terebello simili, sed basi rotunda, costis 
spiralibus latioribus, interstitiis angustis, incisis. 


881 


White, rather more straightly pyramidal than C. ¢ridineatum, 
less so than C. ¢erebellum. In both these the ribs are narrower 
than the interstices, but in @. cerewm the reverse is the case. 
Mr. Hanley’s collection, from Australia. 


143. Cerrratum assimitatum (pl. clxxxiv. f. 246), C. B. 
Adams, Shells of Jamaica. 
Cerith. testa nigrescente, C. terebello simili, sed costis sub- 
tuberculatis ; anfractibus medianis subinflatis, basi subrotundatis. 
A darkly coloured Jamaican shell, like C. ¢ridineatum in form, 
and showing three ribs on each of the upper whorls, but these are 


slightly tuberculated. 


le. Rather rounded aperture, granulated whorls, short, groove- 
hike canal.—Genus PIRENELLA, Gray. 


144, CeRITHIUM ATTRAMENTARIUM (pl. clxxxv. f. 249, 250), 
A, Adams. Lampania attramentarium, 4. Ad. ined. 

Cerith. test’ subpyramidali, nigrescente seu nigro punctata, spi- 
raliter crebré sulcata; anfractibus prope suturam albis, apicali- 
bus subplanulatis, medianis gradatim paululim inflatis ; apertura 
simplici, subovali; labio interno paulultim calloso ; columella tor- 
tuosd ; canali vix distincto ; labio externo undato. 

In several specimens we have seen, the top whorls are straight, 
while the lower ones are bulged out a little below, towards the 
suture; this may be characteristic, or merely accidental. The 
shell is pyramidal, typically of a dark colour, although in a variety 
light and dark spotted. It is spirally grooved, and the outer lip 
is thin. Mr. Cuming’s cabinet. Locality unknown. 


145, CerirHiuM suBVIRIDE (pl. clxxxv. f. 247), Nobis. 

Cerith. test C. attramentario simili, sed pyramidali, breviuscula, 
sulcis creberrimis, anfractibus haud inflatis, ad suturam nigro 
fasciatis. 

A single specimen of this species is in Mr. Hanley’s collection. 
It resembles C. attramentaria, but the whorls are more straight, 
and the upper part of the whorls is marked by a variegated band 
of dark colour, instead of being white. The specimen figured is 
Mr. Hanley’s. 


146. Ceriraiom unpuLatum (pl. clxxxv. f. 248), Nobis. 


Cerith. testa. C. atéramentario simili, sed anfractibus ad su- 
turam nigris, elevatis, undulatim crenulatis. 
It is darkly coloured, elevated, and undulated on the upper 


882 


part of the whorls at the suture. In other respects it resembles 
C. attramentaria as much as C. subviride does. 


147. Cerrratum Turrire ta (pl. clxxxv. f. 255, 256), Quoy, 
Voy. Astr. t. 8. p. 182. pl. 55. f. 8. 


Cerith. testa fusci vel cinerascente, elongato-conici, costellis 
longitudinalibus et spiralibus tuberculatis leviter cancellata; an- 
fractibus ventricosis ; apertura subpyriformi ; canali aperto. 

Shaped like a Zwrridedla, with ventricose, sloping whorls, which 
are crossed by tuberculated ribs in both directions. Had. Port 
Lincoln, Australia. 


148. Crrrruitum MamMiLuatum (pl. clxxxv. f. 253), 2esso, 
Phil. Enum. Moll. Sic. t. 1. p. 194. pl. 11.£13. C. granulatum, 
Costa. C. costulatum, Costa? C. “Sardoum,” Aiener, Sp. de 
Coq. pl. 22. f. 2. C. baccatum, Kiener, pl. 22. f. 4. 


Cerith. testa C. Turritelle simili, sed anfractibus breviusculis, 
superné prope suturam angulatis, suturd excavata. 

The whorls are shorter than in C. Zwrritedla, and angulated 
near the suture, which is deep. Mediterranean. 


149. CerirHium conicum (pl. clxxxv. f. 251, 252), Blain- 
ville, Faune Frangaise, Moll. p. 158 ; Avexer, Sp. de Coq. pl. 28. 
f.-3. 

Cerith. testa C. Turritelle simili, sed anfractibus brevioribus, 
tuberculis majoribus, paucis. 

The whorls in this Mediterranean species present two rows of 
large tubercles. It belongs to the same group as C. Turritella, 
but like C. mammillatum the whorls are angulated ; unlike that 
species, they are large, and disposed in two rows on each whorl. 


150. CerITHiuM CINERASCENTE (pl. clxxxv. f. 254), Pallas ? 


Cerith. testa C. conico simili, sed cinerascente, tuberculis acutis. 

The texture of this shell is peculiar, and presents a bluish 
porcelain-like appearance. The tubercles are pointed. Mr. 
Hanley’s collection, from Karak, mm Egypt. 


151. Cerrruium Layarpri (pl. clxxxv. f. 257), 4. Adams. 


Cerith. testa turrita, mammillata; anfractibus gradatis, sub- 
quadratis, superné elevatis, albo cinctis ; tuberculis rotundatis ; 
ultimo anfractu subrotundato ; apertura subtrigona. 

Resembling C. conica and C. mammitlata, but with square 
whorls, shouldered and white-banded above. The tubercles are 


883 


in four rows, and rounded. Brought by A. L. Layard, Hsq., 


from Ceylon. 


152. Cerirarum cLaTHRATUM (pl. clxxxv. f. 258), 4. Adams 
(Cerithopsis). 

Cerith. testa alba, ventricosd, subconica ; anfractibus biangulatis, 
angulis tuberculatis, ultimo anfractu carinato; apertura rotun- 
data. 

A beautiful white species, brought by Mr. Cuming from 
Baclayon, Island of Bohol, Philippines. It is conical, and has 
the whorls ventricose, with two tuberculated angles. The last 
whorl has a keel. 


Division 2.—Lrequenting marshes or rivers; canal not pro- 
duced ; operculum round, with many whorls.—PoraMipEs, 
Brongniart. 


2a. Aperture sinuous, emarginated at the base, columella cal- 
Jous.—Genus Pyrazus, Monty. 


153. Ceriratum patusrre (pl. clxxxv. f. 261), Linneus 
(Strombus), Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. p. 1213; Brug. Dict. C. 


crassum, Lams. no. 15. 


Cerith. testd magna, crass’, pyramidali, fuscd-nigrescente arcua- 
tim costata, spiraliter inciso-sulcata, inter sulcos planulata ; anfrac- 
tibus subplanulatis, ultimo anfractu univaricoso; apertura sub- 
ovali ; Jabio interno brevi subcalloso, labio externo expanso sub- 
denticulato, superne sinuato ; canali circulari, brevissimo. 

The very large, darkly coloured, suleated species, with rather 
expanded and curved outer lip. Has. Marshes and mouths of 
rivers in the Red Sea and Hast Indies. There is a variety found 
at the mouths of Australian rivers, with short white whorls and 
fewer sulci. 


154. Crriratum sutcatum (pl. clxxxv. f. 262), Born (Mu- 
rex sulcatus), Mus. p. 320. Murex Molluccanus, Gme/., p. 3593. 
C. sulcatum, Brug. Strombus mangiorum, Schret., Phys. Conch. 
p. 383. N. fuscus, Gmel. 


Cerith. testa ventricosi, brevi, pupzeformi, longitudinaliter pli- 
cata, spiraliter sulcata, fusci; apertura auriformi; labio externo 
erasso, ad; columellam trans canalem incurvo; canali separato, 
rotundo. 


A thick, pupiform, sulcated species, in which the outer lip is 


884 


coiled round over the upper part of the canal, so as to leave it a 
separate opening. Hab. China and Philippines. 


155. CERITHIUM SEMITRISULCATUM (pl. clxxxv. f. 263), Bod- 
ton, Cat. Conch. Coll. Yoldi, p. 57, id. Morch. C. sulcatum, var. 
Kiener, pl. 27. f. 1. C. Martinianum P 


Cerith. testé C. sulcato simili, sed laevigata; costis longitudi- 
nalibus planulatis. 

Of a less abbreviated form and smooth texture than C. sulea- 
tum, the ribs being flattened and the sulci less deep. Port Hs- 
sington. 


156. Cerrruium Austra x (pl. clxxxv. f. 266), Quoy, Voy. 
de l’Astr. pl. 55. f. 7; Kien. Mon. Cerith. pl. 8. f. 2. 


Cerith. test& rugosa, longitudinaliter costis undulata, spiraliter 
ineequaliter sulcati, nigra, prope suturam albi; anfractibus ventri- 
cosis; apertura nigro lineata; labio interno posticé calloso ; colu- 
mella brevi; labio externo sinuato. 

Rather short, rugged, roughly and unequally ribbed, crossed 
by sulci in threes; aperture with a white callosity on the inner 
lip, and the short columella white, the outer lip sinuous and not 
thickened. Had. Near Port Jackson. 


157. Cerrruium zonare (pl. clxxxv. f. 264, 265), Brug. 
Dict. no. 39. ‘Tro. striatellus, Did/w. Cat. t. 2. p. 813. Lam- 
pania zonalis, Gray. C. pirenale, Quoy. 


Cerith. testa C. Australi simili, sed pyramidali ; anfractibus haud 
ventricosis, albo, nigro et fusco varié fasciato; labio externe 
tenue, profundé sinuato. 

An Australian shell, very much like the one previously de- 
scribed (C. Australe), but more acutely pyramidal, varied by co- 
loured bands, and with a deep sinus and prominent lower edge to 
the outer lip. 


158. CeriTHIUM SEPTEMSTRIATUM (pl. clxxxv. f. 259, 260), 
Say, Amer. Conch. pl. 49. f. 2. C. peloritanum, Cuntraine, fid. 
Kener, pl. 25. f. 2. C. nigrescens, Menke ? C. nigrinum, PA. 7 
C. albovittatum, C. B. Adams. 


Cerith. testa parva, obtusa, nigr’, nonnumquam albo fasciata, 
spiraliter sulcatéi; anfractibus ad suturam crenulatis; apertura 
subpyriformi ; canali rotundo, emarginato. 

A very small and rather variable North American shell, which 


885 


has only a cut out hollow for a canal, and has the whorls always 
crenulated at the suture. 


159. Ceriratum Epeninvm (pl. clxxxv. f. 267), Bruguiére, 
Dict. no.26. Strombus aculeatus, var., et Murex Aluco, var., Gmel. 


Cerith. testd pyramidali, turrita, fusco-nigrescente, angulatim 
nodosa, spiraliter sulcata ; anfractibus angulatis, noduliferis, ultimo 
latere varicoso ; aperturé alba, fusco tincté, magna, ad spiram 
elevatd ; labiis expansis exfoliatis ; labio interno calloso, expanso ; 
canali lato. 

A large, darkly coloured, well-known Australian shell, with 
spirally grooved, angular nodose whorls, and an expanded, irregu- 
larly undulated aperture. 


160. Crriraium pactricum (pl. clxxxv. f. 268), Sowerby, 
Gen. of Shells, no. 42. f. 9. C. Humboldti, Valenc., Rec. d’Obs. 
Zool. 2. 280 (18383). 


Cerith. test& pyramidali, fusco-nigrescente; anfractibus acuté 
angulatis levibus, ad angulum nodulosis, ultimo latere subcari- 
nato ; apertura subquadrilatera ; labio interno calloso ; columella 
tortud; labio externo angulato, prominenté undato ; canali lato. 

Although very different from C. Hbeninus, this smaller species 
‘has some evident affinities with it. The whorls are nearly smooth, 
very sharply angulated and sharply tuberculated at the angles. 
The aperture is spreading and angular. Had. Tombey, Peru, on 
mud banks, H. C. 


2 b. Aperture sinuous and only slightly emarginated at the lower 
part; spire often decollated.—Genus CurirHipEa, Swains. 


161. Crerrrarum optusum (pl. clxxxvi. f. 271), Lamé., An. 
s. vert. no. 17. Strombus obtusus, Wood, Supp. pl. 4. f.8. C. 
decollatum, Sowerby, Gen. 


Cerith. testa ventricosa, fusca, decollata, costulis longitudinali- 
bus undulatis et sulcis planulatis spiralibus reticulata; anfractibus 
sex, rotundatis, ultimo inferné spiraliter striato; apertura rotun- 
data; labio interno tenui, brevi; columella brevi, tortud; labio 
externo laté reflexo ; operculo rotundo, multispirali. 

A moderately solid, ventricose, pyramidal, decollated shell, or- 
namented by a sort of network formed by the crossing of undu- 
lating, roughened longitudinal ribs, and rather flattened spiral 
tidges and grooves. ‘The Cerithia obtusa live in brackish water 


886 


im mangrove swamps and the mouths of rivers in Singapore and 
Borneo.” —A. Adams. 


162. Cerrruium Krinwnert (pl. elxxxvi. f. 272), Homb. et 
Jay? C. obtusum, var., Kiener. 


Cerith. testa C. odtuso simili, sed graciliore, tenuiore ; anfractibus 
octo. 

Usually considered a variety of C. ob¢usum, but much narrower, 
and with eight whorls instead of six. Philippines and Borneo. 


163. Crerrraium RrHIzoporaruM (pl. eclxxxvi. f. 273), A. 
Adams (Cerithidea). 


Cerith. test& C. ob¢uso simili, sed angustiore; anfractibus pla- 
nulatis, ad suturam moniliferis. 

This species differs from C. ob¢usum and C. Kieneri in having 
the whorls flat or straight. It inhabits estuaries near the sea, 
where it is found among the roots of the Rdczophora or man- 
grove. Mr. Cuming has taken it at Cagayan, Province of Mi- 
samis, Island of Mindanao, Philippines. 


164. Carrraium DEcoLLaTUM (pl. elxxxvi. f. 276), Linneus 
(Murex), Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. p. 1226. Turbo pulcher, 
Dillw., Cat. no. 91. 


Cerith. testa decollata, spiraliter tenuistriaté, longitudinaliter 
plicata; anfractibus octo vix ventricosis; apertura subquadrata ; 
columella tortua, brevi; labio externo subexpanso. 

A smoother shell than the preceding, but having longitudinal 
curved ribs and fine spiral strie, which are strongest in the inter- 
stices. The whorls are generally light-coloured on the upper part 
near the suture. Cuba. 


165. Cerrraitum Srtnunse (pl. clxxxvi. f. 274), Philippi, Ab- 
bild. t. 1. f. 15. 


Cerith. testa levigaté, subcorned, pyramidali, longitudinaliter 
plicaté ; anfractibus octo ad undecim, paululum ventricosis ; aper- 
turd subquadrata ; columella tortua; labio externo paululim ex- 
panso. 

C. decollatum is a western species, while this is from China and 
other parts of the Hast; it is narrower, is never decollated so far 
down, and never has spiral striz. 


166. Ceriratum Cuarponnigret (pl. clxxxvi. f. 279), Petit, 


887 


Journ. de Conch., Nov. 15, 1851. Cerithium unicarinatum, J/et- 
calfe, Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist. 


Cerith. test’ pyramidali, corned, C. Simensi simili, sed magis 
conic’ ; anfractu ultimo univaricoso, inferné unicarinato ; apertura 
subtrigond. 

If really distinct from C. Sinense, it differs from that species in 
being a more pyramidal shell, with the whorls more straight- 
sided, and the aperture triangular. Borneo. Mr. Cuming’s col- 
lection. 


167. Crrirutum ornatum (pl. clxxxvi. f. 277, 278), A 
Adams (Cerithidea). 


Cerith. testa laevigata, tenui, plerumque fasciis fuscis et albis 
picta; anfractibus ventricosis, plus minusve distanter costatis ; 
apertura expansa. 

This species is ornamented by bands of brown and white ; it is 
rather horny, smooth, and also differs from C. decollatum in having 
the whorls ventricose. Philippines, Cuming. 


168. Crrirnium corneum (pl. clxxxvi. f. 275), 4. Adams 
(Cerithidea) . 


Cerith. testa turrito-conici, apice truncata, tenui, cornea, fusca ; 
anfractibus planiusculis, varicibus nullis, costis arcuatis longi- 
tudinalibus equalibus sculptis, anfractu ultimo ad peripheriam 
angulato, basi subplano sulcato; aperturd subquadrata, anticé 
subcanaliculato ; labro expanso, margine acuto reflexo. 

This species is more fluviatile than many of the others, and the 
texture of the shell is thin and horny; in general appearance it 
most resembles C. Charbonnieri of Petit, but the last whorl is not 
acutely carmated. ‘The ribs are more straight and the whorls less 
ventricose than in C. ornatum. Borneo, mouths of rivers. 


169. Crriraium varicosum (pl. clxxxvi. f. 280, 281, 282), 
Sowerby, Gen. of Sh. C. Hegewisch, P2., Sp. Gen. Cog. t. 1. 
f. 6. Var. C. Iostoma, Pfr. C. Helicoide, C. B. Adams. C. 
validum, C. B. Adams, Sh. of Jamaica. 


Cerith. test acute pyramidali, solida, costis longitudinalibus et 
spiralibus undulatis et nodiferis cancellaté; fuscd, in medio an- 
fractuum albo fasciaté ; plerumque varicosa, varicibus crassis ; an- 
fractibus decem, ultimis subito crescentibus ; apertura albida, seu 
fasciata, subquadrata ; columellé tortué ; canali vix excavato ; labio 
externo utrinque incrassato, ad canalem angulato. 

Dez: 


888 


Rather thick, cancellated with knotted cross-ribs, generally 
having thickened, sometimes white, varices. ‘The shell is of a 
brown-colour, with a white band in the middle of the whorls. 
Real Llejos, Central America, at the roots of mangroves, H. 


Cuming. The narrower variety, without varices, we believe to be 
C. Helicoide of C. B. Adams. 


170. Cerrratum Morcnit (pl. clxxxvi. f. 283), 4. Adams 
(Cerithidea). 

Cerith. testa subcylindricd, decollaté, albo-caerulescente, longi- 
tudinaliter costati, spiraliter sulcati; anfractibus subventricosis, 
eradatim crescentibus ; aperturi undatim subquadrata ; labio ex- 
terno paululiim incrassati. Variat sulcis rubro-lineatis. 

A northern species, in some degree resembling C. varicosa, but 
not reticulated, having rounded ribs crossed by spiral sulci, which 
im one variety are marked by a red line. The general tint is 
bluish-white. The shell is ratier cylindrical, and in Mr. Cuming’s 
two specimens, decollated. 


171. Ceriraium Montaenet (pl. clxxxvi. f. 284, 285, 286), 
PP Orbigny, Voy. dans PAm. Mér. Moll. C. Reevianum e¢ C. 
pulchrum, C. B. Adams. C. Largilliertii, Phidippi, Abbild. t. 1. 
f. 7. C. Fortune, Adams. 


Cerith. testa ventricosi, conicd, levigata, longitudinaliter cos- 
tellata, fusco et fulvo pallido spiraliter fasciaté ; anfractibus decem, 
ventricosis, subito crescentibus, ultimo magno, subtts carinato, 
inde striato; suturi profundi; aperturd magni; labio externo 
late expanso et reflexo; columelli tortud, crassa. 

C. varicosum is reticulated, this is smooth, ribbed above, and 
has a keel and strize under the whorls. In some specimens how- 
ever there are faint traces of cross-bars above. The form is 
conical, the whorls rapidly enlarging. C. Largilliertii is the 
rather plain shell we have figured, with a scarcely expanded, pro- 
bably unformed, outer lip. 


172. Crrirnium picartnatum (pl. clxxxvi. f. 288), Gray, 
Fauna of New Zealand. C. lutulentum, Avener, Sp. Gen. Coq. 
pl. 22. f. 3. 


Cerith. testi pyramidali, fusco-nigricante, ad suturam albo 
lineatd, longitudinaliter costata, subtis spiraliter acuté bicarinata ; 
apertura subquadrata ; canali subproducto. 

We have not seen any fully formed specimens of this New 
Zealand shell, which is remarkable for the two sharp keels bor- 
dering the lower part of the last whorl. 


889 


173. CERITHIUM SUBCARINATUM (pl. clxxxvi. f. 287), Nodis. 


Cerith. testé parva, levi, fusco-nigricante, longitudinaliter cos- 
taté, subtis spiraliter bicarinaté; apertura bicanaliculata; labio 
externo paululim producto; canali brevissimo, profundo. 

A small, dark brown shell, which is smoothly ribbed at the 
upper part and shows two obtuse keels at the lower part of the 
whorls. New Zealand, 7. Hart, R.N. 


174, CeritHIuM SCALARIFORME (pl. clxxxvi. f. 290), Say ? 


Cerith. test’ pyramidali, acuta, fusco-nigricante, in medio an- 
fractuum albo-fasciaté, longitudinaliter distanter costatd, subtiis 
unicarinata ; anfractibus duodecim, ventricosis; apertura subex- 
pansd; labio externo anticé producto. 

A pretty little species, with distant ribs and distinct rounded 
whorls. It has a keel at the lower part. Florida. 


175. Ceriratum costatum (pl. clxxxvi. f. 291, 292), Wood, 
(Strombus), 43. C. Lafondu, Michaud, Kiener, Sp. Gen. Coq. 
pl. 24. £38. C. ambiguum é¢ servilis, C. B. Adams. 


Cerith. test’ parva, acuta, fuscd, spiraliter striata, longitudina- 
liter crebrisulcata ; anfractibus numerosis, ventricosis, ultimo sub- 
tus unicarinato ; apertura expansa. 

Resembling C. scalariforme, but smaller, with the ribs more 
numerous and crossed by spiral striae. Jamaica. 


176. Crriruium Rissorpevum (pl. clxxxvi. f. 289), Nodis. 


Cerith. testa fusco-cerulescente, pyramidali; anfractibus ro- 
tundatis, oblique albo-costatis, infra spiraliter carinatis ; labio ex- 
terno, crasso, expanso, sinuato. 

Narrower than C. Montagne, with less expanded aperture, and 
the whorls prettily ornamented by regular bluish-white ribs. Mr. 
Cuming’s collection. Locality unknown. 


177. Crrirnium pLumBeum (pl. clxxxvi. f. 293), Nobis. 


Cerith. test& parva, elongata, plumbed, spiraliter striata, longi- 
tudinaliter vix costati ; anfractibus decem, subrotundatis, gradatim 
crescentibus ; apertura ovali. 

A pretty little Australian species, of which several specimens 
are in Mr. Hanley’s collection; over a brown ground-colour there 
is a pretty plum-like bloom. It is spirally striated. 


178. CerirHIuM PAUXILLUM (pl. clxxxvi. f. 294), 4, Adams. 


890 


Cerith. test& pyramidali, parva, pallide fulva, acuta, longitudina- 
liter plicati; anfractibus distinctis, spiraliter costatis, costé infe- 
riore maxima; aperturd expansi ; canali subproducto, tortuoso. 

Small, pale fawn, sharp, longitudinally ribbed, crossed by nar- 
row ribs, the lowest of which on each whorl is large. The aper- 
ture is expanded, and terminates in a slightly produced, tortuous 
canal. Island of Bureas, Philippines, H. Cuming. 


2¢. Shaped lke a Trochus, many-whorled ; columella twisted. 
—Genus TreLEscorrum, Schumacher. 


179. Cerrraium TeLescopium (pl. clxxxv. f. 269), Linnaeus 
(Trochus), 'T. Linn. Syst. Nat. Trochus, no. 600. Telescopium 
fusca, Schum. 


Cerith. testé conicd, fusco-nigricante, spiraliter planulatim sul- 
catéi; anfractibus angustatis, numerosis, ultimo basi planulato, 
spiraliter costellato; apertura quadrilabré; columella alba, tor- 
tuosi; labio externo anticé producto, denticulato, posticé emar- 
ginato; operculo corneo, rotundato, multispirali. 

This well-known conical species is believed by anatomists to 
have affinities with the Zrochida, rather than with the genus now 
before us. With these questions we have little to do at present, 
but conchologically the shell appears very suitably placed near the 
group to which C. fuscatwm and C. radula belong. Philippines, 
H.C. Singapore, Malabar, etc., Auct. 


2d. Muviatile, many whorls; columella tortuous ; outer lip 
produced in front; shell generally covered by an epider- 
mis.—Genus Tympanotomus, Klezn. 


180. Cerrrarum ruscatum (pl. clxxxvi. f. 300, 301), Lin- 
neus (Murex fuscatus), Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. p. 755.  Cerl- 
thium muricatum, Brug., Dict. no. 27. Strombus tympanorum 
aculeatus, Chemu., Conch. v. 9. t. 186. f. 1267, 1268. C. mu- 
ricatum, Sowerby. 


Cerith. testé elongaté, epidermide fusci induta, tuberculis acu- 
leatis magnis paulultim adscendentibus cincté; anfractibus und 
serie tuberculatis, ad suturam graniferis, ultimo subtts biseriatim 
moniliferis ; apertura curté, subquadrati, superné angulatd; labio 
externo anticé producto; columelld breviusculo; canali emargi- 
nato. 

This well-known aculeated shell, with a brown epidermis, fre- 
quents the mouths of rivers in West Africa. 


891 


181. Ceriratum raputa (pl. clxxxvi. f. 303), Linnaeus, 
Syst. Nat. no. 575. Non C. radula, Born. O. Owen, Lerr., 
Martini Conch. t. 155. f. 1459. Murex granulatus, Wood, Ind. 
pl. 28. f. 160. Murex terebella, Gme/., no. 144. 


Cerith. testa elongato-turrité, epidermide fusco-viridescente in- 
duta, granoso-noduliferd ; anfractibus numerosis, superné angu- 
liferis, ad suturam granulatis, ad angulum angulatim pliciferis, 
sub angulo duplicatim moniliferis; apertura subquadrata ; labio 
externo anticé producto. 

We have some doubt in separating this from the preceding ; 
some specimens occur which seem to indicate a tendency to as- 
sume the same characters. In its normal form however this 
species does not present the prominent aculeations of C. fuscatum. 


West Africa. 


182. Cerrruium muutieRaNum (pl. clxxxvi. f. 302), Nodzs. 
C. radula, Born, non Linn. 

Cerith. testi elongata, fuscd vel grised, costellis spiralibus re- 
gulariter rotundatim granosis cincti; anfractibus superné angu- 
latis, ad angulum et ad suturam moniliferis; apertura oblonga ; 
labio externo anticé producto; columellé subtortud; canali si- 
nuato. 

Resembling C. radula, but with the rows of granules rounded, 
regular, and nearly equal. West Africa. 


183. CeRITHIUM FLUVIATILE (pl. clxxxvi. f. 296 to 299), 
Potiez et Michaud, Cat. des Moll. de Douai, p. 363. pl. 31. f. 19, 
20; Kiener, pl. 19. f. 3. Strombus pictus, Bolten, fid. Morch. 
Var. Cerithium alatum, Philippi, t. 1. f. 11. Var. C. microp- 
terum, Kiener, Sp. Gen. Coq. pl. 30. f. 8. C. radix, Dufo. 

Cerith. test’ pyramidali, solida, fasciaté, pleramque epidermide 
induta, longitudinaliter plicaté; anfractibus numerosis, distinctis, 
rectiusculis, medio bisulcatis; suturd excavati; ultimo anfractu 
latere univaricoso; apertura subangulaté; labio externo plus mi- 
nusve expanso, etate angulatim elevato; columella tortua. 

Through all the varieties of this shell it preserves the same 
general characters ; the incised grooves, the straight ribs, the deep 
suture, and the expanded outer lip; and although the latter character 
varies so much in degree as to have caused some authors to sepa- 
rate the broadly expanded variety from that which is but slightly 
so, we consider these variations such as are frequently found in 
different ages and conditions among fluviatile shells. Indian 
Seas. 


892 


184. Certraium retirerum (pl. clxxxvi. f. 295), Nobis. 


Cerith. testi C. fluwviatil simili, sed costarum interstitiis quam 
coste latioribus, costis longitudinalibus et spiralibus albis, no- 
dosis ; suturd haud canaliculata. 

This differs from C. fluviatilis in the absence of a hollow suture, 
and in the sculpture, which resembles white knotted network. A 
white band on the upper part of the whorls. //ab. In salt marshes 
at the Island of Siquijor, Philippines, HZ. Cuming. 


POO? 


LIST OF FIGURES IN PLATES CLXXVI. TO CLXXXVI. 
(The Figure after each Name refers to the number of the Species.) 


(The specimens, generally, unless otherwise designated in the text, are in the collection 
of H. Cuming, Esq.) 


Prats CLXXVI. Fig. 
(niet veumicces rach 30-82. C. obeliscus, Brag. 12. 
Vig. 33. — Sowerbii, Kiener, 8. 
1. C. teeniatum, Quoy, 2. 34, 35. — aluco, Linn. 7. 

2,3. — Vertagus, Lim. 1. 36, 37. — semigranosum, Lam. 13. 
4,5. — lineatum, Brug. 6. 38-40. — cedo-nulli, Sows. 14. 
6-10. — fasciatum, Brug. 3. 41. — gemmatum, Hinds, 17. 

11, 12. — asperum, Linn. 5. 
13-15. — Kochii, Phil. 19. Puate CLXXVITI. 
16-18. — recurvum, Sowd. 20. (CeRITHIUM proper.) 

19. — Cumingil, 4. dd. 9. 42. — nodulosum, Brug. 21. 
20-22. — Pharos, Hinds, 4. 43. — vulgatum, Brug. 64. 


44. — echinatum, Zam. 36. 


Prats CLXXVIL. 45. — Adansonu, Brug. 37. 


23, 24. — attenuatum, Pil. 18. 46. — polygonum, Sowd. 22. 
25. — pulchrum, 4. dd. 15. 47. — subnodosum, 4. Ad. 65. 
26, 27. — articulatum, 4. dd. 16. 48. — adustum, Aven. 70. 
28. — nobile, Reeve, 11. 49. — tuberosum, 20d. 49. 


29, — maculosum, Alartyn, 10. 50. — Mediterraneum, Desh. 67. 


893 


Fig. Fig. 

51. C. gemma, Sow). 105. 98, 99. C. dialeucum, Phil. 45. 
52,53. — suturale, Phil. 44. 100. — fenestratum, Sowd. 46. 
54. — Novee-Hollandie, A. Ad. 101. — turritum, Sowd. 47. 

63. 102. — serotina, 4. Ad. 48. 
55-58. — columna, Sowd. 25. 103. — rhodostoma, 4. Ad. 49. 


104. — rostratum, Sowd. 50. 


Prats CLXXIX. TGs = eravidams Pag bie 


59. — ocellatum, Gould, 69. 106, 107. — fusiforme, Sowd. 52. 
60. — nebulosum, Sow). 71. 108-110. — muscarum, Say, 53. 
61, 62. — ceruleum, Sowd. 72. 
63. — corallinum, Kien. 59. Prate CLXXXI. 
64. — torulosum, Linn. 35. 111-113. — planum, Anton, 54. 
65. — Rupellii, Pril. 42. 114, 115. — salebrosum, Sowé. 55. 
66. — citrinum, Sowd. 26. 116, 117. — balteatum, Ph. 57. 
67. — vulgatum, var. Brug. 64. 118. — coronatum, Sowd. 57. 
68. — armatum, Phil. 41. 119. — eriense, Valen. 58. 
69. — atratum, Born, 28. 120. — dubium, Sowé. 62. 
70. — alternatum, Sowd. 98. 121. — pictum, Wood, 61. 
71, 72. — caudatum, Sowd. 29. 122, — minutum, Phil. 66. 
73. — alternatum, Sowd. 98. 123, 124. — granosum, Kien. 60. 
74. — patulum, Sowd. 97. 125. — Mediterraneum, Desh. 67. 
75, 76. — semiferrugineum, Lam. 75. | 126,127. — Guinaicum, PAil. 73. 
77. — ocellatum, Gould, 69. 128, 129. — litteratum, Born, 74. 


130. — musicum, Sowd. 68. 


Prats CLXXX, 131-133. — Mediterraneum, Desh. 67. 


78, 79. — uncinatum, Gel. 27. 134, 135. — tessellatum, Soawd. 77. 
80-83. — eburneum, Brug. 31. 136, 137. — piperitum, Sowd. 76. 
84, 85. — Nove-Hibernie, A. dd. | 138-140. — dorsuosum, 4. Ad. 78. 
33. 141, 142. — obesum, Sowd. 79. 
86, 87. — striatissimum, Sowd. 30. 143. — breviculum, Sowé. 86. 
88-90. — tenellum, Sow. 34. 
91. — planispiratum, Sowd. 32. Prare CLXXXI. 
92. — torulosum, Linn. 35. 144, 145. — sculptum, Sod. 80. 
93. — munitum, Sowd. 38. 146-148. — lutuosum, Menke, 81. 
94. — spathuliferum, Sowd. 39. 149-151. — Sayi, Menke, 82, mag- 
95. — umbonatum, Sovwd. 40. nified. 
96. — armatum, Phil. 41. 152. — incisum, Sowd. 83. 


97. — nigro-punctatum, Sowd. 43. | 153, 154. — curtum, Sod. 84. 


Fig. 


155, 156. C. Gallapaginis, 4. Ad. 85. 


157, 158. — Metcalfei, Sows. 87. 
159-161. — morus, Lamh. 89. 
162, 164. — tuberculatum, Zinn. 90. 
163, 165. — moniliferum, Kien. 91. 
166-169. — variegatum, Quoy, 92. 
170. — inflatum, Quoy, 95. 
171, 172. — petrosum, Wood, 94. 
173, 174. — Traillii, Sowd. 93. 
175. — Bornii, Sowd. 88. 


Prate CLXXXIII. 
176-178. — ferrugineum, Say, 96. 
179. — alternatum, Sows. 98. 


180, 181. — nitidum, Sowd. 100. 
182-186. — purpurascens, Sowd. 99. 


187. — lemniscatum, Quoy, 106. 


188, 189. — rubus, Martyn, 102. 
190. — mitreeforme, Sowd. 104. 
191. — splendens, Sowd. 101. 
192. — eximium, Sowd. 103. 
193. — Hanleyi, Sowd. 109. 
194. — vittatum, Sowd. 108. 

195-197. — rugosum, Wood, 107. 
198. — bifasciatum, Sowd. 110. 


199. — rubro-lineatum, Sé. 111. 


200, 201. — Nassoide, Sowbd. 114. 


202, 203. — crassilabrum, Avauss,112. 
204. — rarimaculatum, Sow. 113. 
205. — nivosum, Sowd. 115. 


206. — flammiculatum, Sow. 116. 


207-209. — zebrum, Aven. 117. 


Puats CLXXXIV. 


210, 211. — gibberulum, C. B. Ad. 
118. 
212. — tenue, Sowd. 119. 
213, 214. — lacteum, Aven. 120. 


894: 


Nig. 
215. C. papillosum, Sowd. 121. 
216. — interstriatum, Sowd. 122. 


(The “‘ CoLina” group.) 


217. — pingue, 4. Ad. 123. 
218. — contractum, Sows. 124. 
219. — macrostoma, Hinds, 125. 
220. — costiferum, 4. Ad. 126. 
(By error, costatum in text.) 
221. — pupeforme, 4. dd. 127. 


(The “ CerirHIopsts” group.) 


222. — tuberculare, Mont. 128. 
223, 224. — gracile, Sowd. 137. 
225-227. — granarium, Kien. 1338. 
228, 229. — reticulatum, Mont. 130. 
230, 231. — Algierianum, Sows. 129. 

232. — lima, Brug. 131. 

233, 234. — elongatum, Sowd. 132. 
235, 236. — neglectum, C. B. 4d.134. 
237,237*.— rugulosum, OC. B..4d.135. 
238. — gemmulosum, C. B. Ad. 
136, magnified. 

239. — pulchellum,C. B. 4d.138. 

240. — punctatum, Linn. 139. 

241. — terebellum, C.B. Ad. 140. 
24.2, 243. — trilineatum, Phil. 141. 
94.4, 245. — cereum, Sowd. 141. 

24.6. — assimilatum, C. B. Ad. 

143. 


Piate CLXXXV. 
(The “ PrRENELLA ” group.) 
24.7. — subviride, Sowd., 145. 
248. — undulatum, Sowd. 146. 
34.9, 250. — attramentarium, 4. dd. 
144. 
251, 252. — conicum, Blainv. 149. 


89 


Vig. 
253. C. mamillatum, Risso, 148. 


254. — cinerascente, Pallas, 150. | 


255, 256. — turritella, Quoy, 147. 
257. — Layardi, 4. Ad. 151. 
258. — clathratum, 4. 4d. 152. 

259, 260. — septemstriatum, Say, 158. 


(The “ Pyrazus” group.) 
261. — palustre, Linn. 153. 
262. — sulcatum, Born, 154. 
263. — semitrisulcatum, Bolton, 
155. 
264, 265. — zonale, Brug. 157. 
266. — Australe, Quoy, 156. 
267. — Ebeninum, Brag. 159. 
268. — pacificum, Sowd. 160. 


(Genus “ TELESCOPIUM.”) 


269, — telescopium, Linn. 179. 
(270. — leve), Quoy, 23. Belongs 
to another group. 


Pirate CLXXXVI. 
(Group ‘‘ Pyrazus,”’—continued.) 


271. — obtusum, Lam. 161. 


ra 


oO 


Vig. 
272. C. Kieneri, Homd. 162. 
273. — rhizoporarum, 4. dd. 163. 
274. — Sinense, Phil. 165. 
275. — corneum, 4. Ad. 168. 
276. — decollatum, Zinn. 164. 
277, 278. — omatum, 4. dd. 167. 
279. — Charbonnieri, Petit, 166 
280-282. — varicosum, Sows. 169. 
283. — Morchii, 4. Ad. 170. 
284-286. — Montagnei, D’Ord. 171. 
287. — subcarinatum, Sow). 173. 
288. — bicarinatum, Gray, 172. 
289. — rissoideum, Sow). 176. 
290. — scalariforme, Say, 174. 
291, 292. — costatum, Wood, 175. 
293. — plumbeum, Sowd. 177. 
294. — pauxillum, 4. 4d. 178. 


(The “‘TyMPANOTOMUS ” group.) 


295. — retiferum, Sows. 184. 
296-299. — fluviatile, Potiez, 183. 
300, 301. — fuscatum, Linn. 180. 

302. — multigranum, Sow). 182. 

303. — radula, Zinn. 181. 


ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SPECIES. 


aculeatus, Gim., v. Kbeninum, 159. 

Adansoni, Brug., 37, f. 45. 

adustum, Kien., 70, f. 48. 

alatum, Phil., v. fluviatile, 183. 

albo-vittatum, CO. B. Ad., v. septem- 
striatum, 158. 


alternatum, Sowd., 98, f. 70, 73, 179. 


algiecola, C. B. Ad., v. Eburneum, 31. 
Algierianum, Sowd., 129, f. 230, 231. 
aluco, Linn., 7, f. 34, 35. 

ambiquum, C’. B. Ad.,v. costatum, 175 
annulatus, Mart., v. torulosum, 35. 
annularis, Giv., v. torulosum, 35. 


| armatum, Phil., 41, f. 68, 96 


OA 


896 


articulatum, 4. Ad., 16, f. 26, 27. 
asperum, Linn., 5, f. 11, 12. 
assimilatum, C. B. dd., 143, f. 246. 
attenuatum, Phil., 18, f. 23, 24. 
atratum, Born, 28, f. 69. 
attramentarium, 4. dd., 144, f. 249, 
250. 
Australe, Quoy, 156, f. 266. 
baccatum, Kien., v. mammillatum, 148. 
balteatum, P#., 56, f. 116, 117. 
bicarinatum, Gray, 172, f. 288. 
bifasciatum, Sowd., 110, f. 198. 
Billehausti, Pet., not identified. 
Bornii, Sowd., 88, f. 175. 
breve, Quoy, v. ragosum, 107. 
breviculum, Sowd., 86, f. 14:3. 
cerulescens, Mel., not identified. 
ceruleum, Sowd., 72, f. 61, 62. 
calabrum, C. B. 4d., not identified. 
carbonarum, Pdil., v. tuberculatum, 90. 
caudatum, Sowd., 29, f. 71, 72. 
Cecilii, P%., not identified. 
cedo-nulli, Sowd., 14, f. 38, 39, 40. 
cereum, Sowd., 142, f. 244, 245. 
Charbonnieri, Pet., 166, f. 279. 
cinerascente, Pallas, 150, f. 254. 
citrinum, Sowd., 26, f. 66. 
clathratum, 4. Ad., 152, f. 258. 
clava, v. maculosum, 10. 
columna, Sowd., 25, f. 55-58. 
conicum, Blainv., 149, f. 251, 252. 
contractum, Sowdb., 124, f. 218. 
corallinum, A7zen., 59, f. 63. 
corneum, 4. dd., 168, f. 275. 
coronatum, Sowd., 57, f. 118. 
costatum, Wood, 175, f. 291, 292. 
costatum, 4. Ad., 126, f. 220. Ad- 
mitted by error; it must be changed 
to costiferum. 


costiferum, by error costatum, 4. Ad., 
126, f. 220. 
costulatum, Costa, v. mammillatum, 
148. 
crassilabrum, Avauss, 112, f. 202, 203. 
crassum, Lamk., v. palustre, 1538. 
Cumingii, 4. Ad., 9, f. 19. 
curtum, Sowéd., 84, f. 153, 154. 
dealbatum, C. B. Ad., a Triphoris. 
decollatum, Linn., 164, f. 276. 
decoratum, C. B. Ad., a Triphoris. 
dialeucum, Phil., 45, f. 98, 99. 
Diemenense, Quoy, not identified. 
dilectum, C. B. Ad., v. zebrum, 117. 
diminutivum, Pfil., not identified. 
dislocatum, Say, not identified. 
dorsuosum, 4. dd., 78, f. 188, 139, 
140. 
dubium, Sowd., 62, f. 120. 
Ebeninum, Brug., 159, f. 267. 
eburneum, Brug., 31, f. 80-83. 
echinatum, Lamk., 36, f. 44. 
elegans, B/., not identified. 
elongatum, Sowd., 132, f. 233, 234. 
Emersont, C. B. Ad., v. punctatum, 139. 
eriense, Valen., 58, f. 119. 
erythranense, Lamk., v. tuberosum, 24. 
exiguum, C. B. dd., not identified. 
exile, C. B. Ad., not identified. 
eximium, Sowd., 1038, f. 192. 
famelicum, C. B. Ad.,v. uncinatum, 27. 
fasciatum, Brug., 3, f. 6-10. 
flammiculatum, Sowd., 116, f. 206. 
flavum, C. B. Ad., not identified. 
fluviatile, Potiez, 1838, f. 296-299. 
fenestratum, Sowd., 46, f. 100. 
ferrugineum, Say, 96, f.176, 177, 178. 
Fortunei, 4. Ad., v. Montagnei, 171. 
fragilis, Gray, not identified. 


897 


fusca, Schum., v. telescopium, 179. 
fuscatum, Linn., 180, f. 300, 301. 
fuscatum, Costa, v. Mediterraneum, 67. 
fuscus, Gmel., v. suleatum, 154. 
fusiforme, Sowd., 52, f. 106, 107. 
Gallapaginis, 4. dd., 85, f. 155, 156. 
gemma, Sowd., 105, f. 51. 
gemmatum, Hinds, 17, f. 41. 
gemmulosum, C. B. Ad., 136, f. 238. 
gibberulum, C. B. Ad., 118, f. 210, 
211. 
gracile, Sowd., 137, f. 223, 224. By 
error in text 228, 229. 
granarium, Kien., 133, f. 225, 226, 227. 
granosum, Kien., 60, f. 123, 124. 
granulatum, v. asperum, 5. 
granulatum, Costa, v. mammillatum, 
148. 
granulatus, Wood, v. radula, 181. 
Guaranianum, D’Ord., not identified. 
Guinaicum, Pil., 73, f. 126, 127. 
Hanleyi, Sowd., 109, f. 193. 
Hegewischii, Phil., v. varicosum, 169. 
helicoide, C. B. Ad., v. varicosum, 159. 
Humboldti, Valenc., v. pacificum, 160. 
incisum, Sowd., 83, f. 152. 
inflatum, Quoy, 95, f. 170. 
intermedium, C. B. Ad., a Triphoris. 
interruptum, Gould, v. ocellatum, 69. 
interstriatum, Sowd., 122, f. 216. 
iostoma, Pifr., v. varicosum, 169. 
iota, Gould, v. Sayi, 82. 
ivroratum, Gould, v. ocellatum, 69. 
Kieneri, Homé., 162, f. 272. 
Kochii, Phil., 19, f. 18, 14, 15. 
lacteum, Kien., 120, f. 218, 214. 
leeve, Quoy, 23, f. 270. 
Lafondii, Mich., v. costatum, 175. 
Lamarckii, Azer., not identified. 


Largilliertii, Phil., v. Montagnei, 171. 
Layardii, 4. Ad., 151, f. 257. 
lemniscatum, Quoy, 106, f. 187. 
lima, Brug., 131, f. 232. 
lineatum, Brag., 6, f. 4, 5. 
litteratum, Born, 74, f. 128, 129. 
longicaudatum, v. attenuatum, 18. 
lutulentum, Kien., v. bicarinatum, 172. 
lutuosum, Menke, 81, f. 146, 147, 148. 
macrostoma, Hinds, 125, f. 219. 
maculosum, Martyn, 10, f. 29. 
maculosum, Kien., v. nebulosum, 71. 
mammillatum, Risso, 148, f. 253. 
mangiorum, Schret., v. sulcatum, 15+. 
marginatus, Wood, not identified. 
marmoreum, v. maculosum, 10. 
Martinianum, v. fasciatum, 3. 
Martinianum, v. semitrisuleatum, 155. 
Mediterraneum, Desh., 67, f. 50, 125, 
Bile WByA, Wei 
Melanura, C. B. Ad., not identified. 
Metcalfei, Sowd., 87, f. 157, 158. 
micropterum, Kien., v. fluviatile, 183. 
minutum, Phil., 66, f. 122. 
mirabile, C. B. Ad., a Triphoris. 
mitreeforme, Sowd., 104, f. 190. 
modestum, C. B. Ad., a Triphoris. 
Molluccanus, Gmel., v. sulcatum, 154. 
moniliferum, Aiex., 91, f. 163-165. 
Montagnei, D’Ord., 171, f. 284-286. 
Morchii, A. Ad., 170, f. 283. 
morus, Lamhk., 89, f. 159, 160, 161. 
multigranum, Sowd., 182, f. 302. 
munitum, Sowd., 38, f. 93. | 
muricatum, Brug., v. fuscatum, 180. 
muscarum, Say, 53, f. 108, 109, 110. 
musicum, Sowd., 68, f. 130. 
mutatum, Sowd., v. echinatum, 36. 
nanum, C. B. Ad., a Triphoris. 


2 


+ 
- 


898 


Nassoide, Sowd., 114, f. 200, 201. 
nebulosum, Sowd., 71, f. 60. 
neglectum, C. B. Ad., 134, f. 235, 236. 
nigra, Totten, v. Sayi, 82. 
nigrescens, Menke, v. septemstriatum, 
158. 
nigrinum, Ph., v. septemstriatum, 158. 
nigro-cinetum, C. B. Ad., a Triphoris. 
nigro-punctatum, Sowd., 43, f. 97. 
nitidum, Sowd., 100, f. 180, 181. 
nivosum, Sowd., 115, f. 205. 
nobile, Reeve, 11, f. 28. 
nodulosum, Brag., 21, f. 42. 
Novee-Hiberni, 4. Ad., 33, f. 84, 85. 
Novee-Hollandie, A. Ad., 63, f. 54. 
obeliscus, Braug., 12, f. 30, 31, 32. 
obesum, Sowd., 79, f. 141, 142. 
obtusum, Lamk., 161, f. 271. 
ocellatum, Brug., 69, f. 59, 77. 
ornatum, A. Ad., 167, f. 277, 278. 
Owenti, Ferr., v. vadula, 181. 
pacificum, Sowd., 160, f. 268. 
palustre, Linz., 153, f. 261. 
papillosum, Sowd., 121, f. 215. 
patulum, Sowd., 97, f. 74. 
pauxillum, A. Ad., 178, f. 294. 
peloritanum, Cantr., v. septemstriatum, 
158. 

Peruvianum, D’ Oré., not identified. 
perversum, a British Zrzphoris. 
petrosum, Wood, 94, f. 171, 172. 
Pharos, Hinds, 4, f. 20, 21, 22. 
pictum, Wood, 61, f. 121. 
pictus, Bolt., v. fluviatile, 183. 
pingue, A. Ad., 123, f. 217. 
piperitum, Sowd., 76, f. 136, 137. 
pirenale, Quoy, v. zonale, 157. 
planispiratum, Sowd., 32, f. 91. 
planum, Axton, 54, f. 111-113, 

* 


plumbeum, Sow)., 177, f. 293. 
polygonum, Sowb., 22, f. 46. 
procerum, v. fasciatum, 3. 
pulchellum, C. B. Ad., 138, f. 239. 
pulcher, Dillw., v. decollatum, 164. 
pulchrum, A. Ad., 15, f. 25. 
pulchrum, C. B.Ad., v. Montagnei, 171. 
punctatum, Linn., 139, f. 240. 
punctatum, Brug., v. piperitum, 76. 
pupeforme, 4. 4d., 127, f. 221. 
purpurascens, Sowd., 99, f. 182-186. 
pusillum, Nuttal, not identified. 
radix, Dufo., v. fluviatile, 183. 
radula, Linn., 181, f. 303. 
vadula, Born, v. multigranum, 182. 
rarimaculatum, Sowd., 113, f. 204. 
ravidum, Phil., 51, f. 105. 
recurvum, Sowd., 20, f. 16, 17, 18. 
Reevianum, C. B. Ad., v. Montagnei, 
171. 
reticulatum, Mont., 130, f. 228, 229. 
reticulatum, Toll., v. Sayi, 82. 
retiferum, Sowd., 184, f. 295. 
rhodostoma, 4. Ad., 49, f. 103. 
rhizoporarum, 4. Ad., 163, f. 273. 
Rissoideum, Sowd., 176, f. 289. 
rostratum, Sowd., 50, f. 104. 
rubrolineatum, Sovwd., 111, f. 199. 
rubus, Martyn, 102, f. 188, 189. 
rugata, v. asperum, 5. 
rugosum, Wood, 107, f. 195, 196, 197. 
rugulosum, C.B. Ad.,135, f. 237, 237*. 
Rupellii, Phil., 42, f. 65. 
salebrosum, Sowd., 55, f. 114, 115. 
Sayi, Menke, 82, f. 149, 150, 151. 
scabridum, Pil., not identified. 
scalariforme, Say, 174, f. 290. 
sculptum, Sowd., 80, f. 144, 145. 
semiferrugineum, Lamh., 75, f. 75, 76. 


899 


semigranosum, Lam., 13, f. 36, 37. 
semistriatus, Bolton, not identified. 
semitrisulcatum, Bolton, 155, f. 2638. 
septemstriatum, Say, 158, f. 259, 260. 
serotina, 4. Ad., 48, f. 102. 
serratus, Wood, v. rubus, 102. 
servilis, C. B. Ad., v. costatum, 175. 
Sinense, Phil., 165, f. 274. 
Sinensis, v. obeliscus, 12. 
Sowerbii, Kiener, 8, f. 33. 
spathuliferum, Sowd., 39, f. 94. 
splendens, Sowd., 101, f. 191. 
striatellus, Dillw., v. zonale, 157. 
striatissimum, Sowwd., 30, f. 86, 87. 
striatus, Schret., v. tuberosum, 24. 
subcarinatum, Sowéd., 173, f. 287. 
subnodosum, 4. Ad., 65, f. 47. 
subviride, Sowd., 145, f. 247. 
subulatum, Mont., v. punctatum, 139. 
subulatum, v. Pharos, 4. 
suleatum, Born, 154, f. 262. 
suturale, Phil., 44, f. 52, 53. 
teeniatum, Quoy, 2, f. 1. 
telescopium, Linn., 179, f. 269. 
tenellum, Sowd., 34, f. 88, 89, 90. 
tenue, Sowd., 119, f. 210. 
terebellum, C. B. Ad., 140, f. 241. 
tessellatum, Sowd., 77, f.184,135. By 
error in text 133, 134. 
torulosum, Linn., 35, f. 64, 92. 
Traillii, Sowd., 98, f. 173, 174. 


trilineatum, Phil., 141, f. 242, 243. 
tristoma, Bl., a Triphoris. 

tuberculare, Mont., 128, f. 222. 
tuberculatum, Zinn., 90, f. 162, 164. 
tuberculatum, Born, v. Bornii. 
tuberculatum, Lamk., v. ceruleum, 72. 
tuberosum, Fadr., 24, f. 49. 

tuberosus, Dillw., v. nodulosum, 21. 
Turritella, Quoy, 147, f. 255, 256. 
turritum, Sowd., 47, f. 101. 
tympanorum, Chem., v. fuscatum, 180. 
umbonatum, Sowd., 40, f. 95. 
uncinatum, Gmel., 27, f. 78, 79. 
undulatum, Sowd., 146, f. 248. 
undulatus, Gmel., a Triphoris. 
validum, C. B. Ad., v. varicosum, 169. 
variabile, C. B. Ad., v. ferrugineum, 96. 
variabile, C. B. Ad., not identified. 
varicosum, Sowd., 169, f. 280, 281, 282. 
variegatum, Quoy, 92, f. 166-169. 
ventricosus, Gmel., a Triphoris. 
versicolor, C. B. Ad., v. ferrugineum, 96. 
vertagus, Linn., 1, f. 2, 3. 

vibex, v. asperum, 5. 

vicinum, C. .B. Ad., v. rugulosum, 135, 
violaceum, Quoy, not identified. 
vittatum, Sowd., 108, f. 194. 

vulgaris, v. vertagus, 1. 

vulgatum, Brag., 64, f. 43, 67. 
zebrum, Kien., 117, f. 207, 208, 209. 
zonale, Brug., 157, f. 264, 265. 


END OF VOLUME TI. Rs 


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