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o 


CATALOGUE 


OF  TEE 


BIRDS 


This  Volume  (XXVII.)  being  ready  first,  is  issued  in 
advance  of  Vols.  XXIV.,  XXV.,  and  XXVI.,  which 
will  be  published  in  the  course  of  next  year. 

W.  H.  FLOWER, 

Dtctmher  iiO,  IHVr,.  Director. 


VOLUME  XXVII. 


LONDON: 
PRINTED  BY  ORDER  OF  THE  TRUSTEES. 

1895. 


D 


CATALOGUE 


OF  THE 


BIRDS 


IS   THE 


BRITISH    MUSEUM. 


VOLUME  XXVII. 


LONDON: 
PRINTED  BY  OKDEK  OF  THE  TRUSTEES. 

1895. 


LIBRARY  OF  THE 
LELAND  STANFORD  JR.  UNIVERSITY. 

a2. '??•<?/ 


CATALOGUE 


OF  THE 


CHENOMORPH-aE 

(PALAMEDE^,  PHCEXICOPTERI,  ANSERES), 

CRYPTURI, 

AND 

RATIT  JE 

IN  THE 

COLLECTION 

OF  THE 

BRITISH    MUSEUM. 


BY 

T.  SALVADORL 


LONDON: 
PRINTED  BY  ORDER  OF  THE  TRUSTEES. 

80LD  BY 

LONO&fAXS  ft  Co.,  S9  PATERNOSTER  ROW ; 
B.  QCAKITCH.  16  PICCADILLY;   DULAU  ft  Co.,  37  80H0  SQUARE.  W.: 
ILEOAN  PAUL  ft  Co.,  PATERNOSTER  HOUSE,  CHARING-  CROSS  BOAD: 

A2fD  AT  TUX 

BS1TI8U    MUBBUM    (NATURAL   UISTOBY).   CBOMWELL  ROAD.    S.W 

1895. 


PREFACE. 


f 


tf^r^^v«^\/s 


The  numbers  of  the  species  of  Birds  treated  of  in  this  Volume,  and 
of  the  specimens  at  present  in  the  CoUection,  are  as  follows : — 

Species.    Types.    Spedznens. 
ChenomorphaB 205        31        5044 

Crypturi    65        29  363 

Ratitffi 26  7  134 

In  none  of  the  preceding  volumes  has  the  number  of  desiderata 
been  so  small  as  in  the  present ;  only  eight  species  of  the  Anseres, 
seven  of  the  Tinamous,  and  four  of  the  Eatitse  being  entirely 
unrepresented  by  specimens  in  the  Museum*  Beside  the  67  types 
of  recognized  species,  the  Collection  contains  25  other  typical 
specimens  which  are  now  regarded  as  referable  to  species  pre- 
viously named  and  described. 

The  unrivalled  collection  of  Tinamous  formed  by  Messrs.  Godman 
and  Salvin,  and  supplemented  by  the  loan  of  numerous  specimens 
from  Continental  Museums,  has  enabled  the  author  to  discriminate 
considerably  more  species  than  his  predecessors  were  inclined  to 
admit. 

The  Hon.  Walter  Eothschild,  whose  collection  of  Apteryx  far 
surpasses  that  in  the  British  Museum,  has  given  most  valuable 
assistance  in  the  preparation  of  this  Catalogue  by  lending  these  as 
well  as  other  specimens  to  the  author. 

The  present  volume  concludes  the  series  of  the  '  Catalogue  of 
Birds.'     Thanks  to   the  energy  with  which  Count  Salvadori  has 


applied  himaolf  to  the  work,  its  publicatioo  precedes  that  of 
Yolames  24,  25,  and  26.  However,  it  will  bo  followed  imme- 
diately by  701111116  25,  which  containa  the  GulU  and  Petreb,  while 
it  IB  a  matter  of  regret  that  no  Buoh  proxpect  can  be  held  out  aa 
regards  the  other  two  Tolnmos.  In  a  final  volume  it  is  intended 
to  give  a  EUpplcmcntary  list  of  the  species  described  eince  the 
publication  of  the  several  volumes,  and  an  Index  to  the  whole 
work. 

ALBERT  GtJNTHER, 
Keeptr  of  the  DejiaHiMnt  of  Zooloijii. 
Britiah  MiiKnin  (N.  II.]. 
September  6,  I8ay 


INTRODUCTION. 


The  present  volume  contains  the  account  of  the  Chenomorphss 
(Palamedefls,  Phoenicopteri,  and  Anseres),  Crypturi,  and  Batitse. 

As  to  the  Chenomorphce,  the  PalamedeoB  and  the  PJuxniccpieri 
contain  only  a  few  species,  the  great  bulk  consisting  of  the 
Afueres.  The  literature  relating  to  these  is  very  scattered,  and 
few  works  are  specially  devoted  to  thorn.  The  first  attempt  at  a 
complete  account  was  Eyton's  '  Monograph  of  the  AnatidsB,  or  Duck 
Tribe/  published  in  1838. 

Between  1845  and  I80O  Dr.  Reichenbach,  in  the  ^  Synopsis 
Avium,'  gave  rather  indifferent  figures,  mostly  copies,  of  the  '  Nata- 
tores '  known  in  his  time. 

Prince  Bonaparte,  in  1856,  published  the  "  Conspectus  Anserum 
Systematicus "  (Compt.  Bend,  xliii.  pp.  648-652),  with  a  nominal 
list  of  1 72  Bpecies  known  to  him. 

Schlegcl,  in  1866,  published  in  the  '  Museum  des  Pays-Bas '  an 
account  of  the  ^Anseres'  contained  in  the  Lcyden  Museum  (pp.  122); 
they  numbered  1199  specimens,  belonging  to  140  species. 

In  1869  Eyton  published  for  private  circulation  a  ^  Synopsis  of 
the  Anatidte,'  by  which  our  knowledge  was  not  advanced. 

G.  B.  Gray,  in  1871,  in  the  'Hand-list,'  gave  a  nominal  list  of 
all  the  species  then  known,  about  183,  of  which  some  cannot  be 
maintained. 

Although  not  of  a  general  character,  the  **Bevision  of  the 
Neotropical  Anatidae  "  (P.  Z.  S.  1876,  pp.  358-412),  published  by 
Sdater  and  Salvin,  may  be  considered  the  best  essay  hitherto 
written  on  this  suborder.  A  very  important  contribution  also  is 
ScJater^s  **  List  of  the  certainly  known  Species  of  Anatidse " 
(P.  Z.  S.  1880,  pp.  496-536) ;  the  species  included  in  this  paper 
amount  to  176. 

The  number  of  species  recognized  in  the  present  Catalogue  is  196, 


VUl  IVTBODUOTION. 

besides  a  few  of  a  more  doabtfnl  character ;  three  are  now  described 
for  the  first  time. 

In  the  ClasBification  of  the  Anseres,  I  have  oloaely  followed 
that  propOBed  by  Sclater  and  Salvin  in  1876  (I.  c),  and  by  Solater 
in  1880,  the  only  new  feature  in  my  arrangement  being  the  inititu- 
tion  of  a  new  subfamily,  Chenonettince,  the  membere  of  which  have 
the  external  appearance  of  Geese,  hat  the  males  have  a  larynx 
famished  with  a  bnlla  ossea,  as  in  Anatirux, 

Not  much  has  hitherto  been  done  in  the  systematic  and  doBcrip- 
tive  treatment  of  the  order  Cryptvri. 

Wagler  published  in  1827,  with  excellent  lalin  descriptions, 
Uouographs  of  the  genera  Crypturvt,  Notknra,  and  Shynehotu$, 
containing  all  the  species  then  known. 

Gray,  in  1867,  in  the  '  List  of  the  Gallins  in  the  British  Uusenm,' 
gave  an  aoconnt,  with  deacriptioDs  of  many  new  species,  of  the 
whole  group,  numbering  about  55  species.  A  nominal  list  of  the 
same  appears  in  the  '  Hand-list '  (1871). 

Finally  Schlegel,  in  the  ■  Museum  des  Pays-Bas,'  published  in  1880 
a  Monograph  of  the  '  Tinami,'  pp.  1-57 ;  the  species  mentioned  by 
him  number  33,  represented  by  134  specimens. 

The  species  recognized  in  the  present  volume  amount  to  65,  of 
which  14  are  described  as  new. 

In  working  out  the  Tinamous  I  have  received  much  Bf&istance 


INTRODUOIIOK.  IX 

Monograph  of  the  ^  Aves  Stmthiones/  represented  in  that  museum 
by  37  specimens,  belonging  to  14  species.  In  1877  J.  de  Mosenthal 
and  J.  E.  Harting  published  a  rolume  on  '  Ostriches  and  Ostrich 
Farming,*  which  contains  a  useful  rSsume  of  our  knowledge  of 
Struthioas  Birds« 

In  working  out  these  three  groups  of  birds  I  have  found  that  of 
the  Anseres  most  laborious,  on  account  of  the  exceedingly  great 
number  of  references  and  of  the  many  phases  of  plumage  through 
which  these  birds  pass,  and  which  are  not  always  easy  to  understand. 
The  study  of  the  Tinamous  is  very  difficult,  especially  as  the  limits 
of  variation  seem  wide  and  the  species  often  ill-defined ;  a  very 
extensive  series  of  specimens  is  necessary  in  order  to  arrive  at  any 
definite  conclusion.  Fortunately  I  have  been  helped  by  many 
friends,  either  with  suggestions  or  with  the  loan  of  rare  and  typical 
specimens;  and  I  desire  to  express  my  thanks  particularly  to 
Mr.  Salvin,  Mr.  Sclater,  Mr.  Seebohm,  the  Hon.  W.  Rothschild, 
Mr.  Hartert,  Prof.  A.  Newton,  Dr.  Oustalet,  Dr.  Dubois, 
Dr.  Reichenow,  Graf  von  Berlepsch,  Canon  Tristram,  Dr.  Forbes, 
Mr.  Ridgway,  Mr.  Allen,  Dr.  Hartlaub,  Prof.  Barboza  du  Bocage, 
Dr.  Schauinsland,  Dr.  Stolzmann,  and  Prof.  P.  Godot. 

T.  SALVADORI. 
Turin,  Zoological  Miueum, 

August,  1895. 


) 


SYSTEMATIC   INDEX. 


Order  XIX. 
CHENOMORPH^. 

Suborder  I.  PALAMEDE^. 

Fam.  P  A  L  A  M  E  D  E  I  D  £. 

Pafje 

1.  Palamedea,  Ltnn 2 

1.  comuta,  Linn 3 

2.  Chauna,  IlUff 4 

1.  chavaria  {Linn,) 4 

2.  cristata  (Sw.) 0 

Suborder  II.  PIICENICOPTERI. 

Fam.  Phcenicoptebid^. 

1.  PhoenicopteruSy  Linn 9 

1.  ruber,  Linn 9 

2.  roseus,  Pall,    12 

3.  chileusis,  Mol,    16 

2.  Phoeniconaias,  G.  R.  Or.  .  18 
1.  minor  {Geoffr,) 18 

3.  Phoenicoparrus,  Bp 21 

1.  andinus  (Philippi) 21 

2.  jamesi  (JRahmer)    ....     22 

Suborder  HI.  ANSERES. 

Fam.  An  ATI  D^. 
Subfam.  I.  Cygnin2B. 

1.  Cygnus,  Bechst 25 

davidi,  Smnh 25 

1.  musicus,  BechU 26 

2.  bewicki,  Yarr 29 

3.  columbianus  (Ord)     . .  32 

4.  buccinator,  Bich 33 

6.  olor  {Gm,) 35 

6.  melancorypbus  (Mol.) .  39 


2.  Chenopis,  Wa^l 41 

I.  atrata  (Lath.) 41 

3.  Coscoroba,  Rchnb 42 

1.  Candida  ( ru;»Y/.) 42 

Subfam.  II.   ANSEBAXATINiE. 

4.  Anseranas,  Leu 44 

1.  semipalmata  (Lath.) . .  44 

Subfam.  III.  Plectroptkrin-k. 

5.  Plectropterus,  I^each   ....  40 

1.  rUppelli,  8clat 47 

2.  gambensis  (Linn.)  ....  48 

3.  niger,  Sclat 50 

4.  scioanus,  Salvad 51 

C.  Cairina,  Flem 61 

1.  moschata  (Linn.)    ....  51 

7.  Sarcidiomis,  Ei/t 54 

1.  melanonota  (Benn.)  . .  54 

2.  caruncubita  (lUig.)    . .  59 

8.  Asarcorais,  Salvad 59 

1.  scutulata  (^.3fu//.)  ..  60 

9.  Rhodonessa,  Bchnb 61 

1.  caryophyllacea  (Lath.).  61 

10.  Pteronetta,  Salvad 63 

1.  hartlaubi(Ow«.) 63 

11.  Nettopufl,  Brandt    64 

1.  auritus  (Bodd.) 65 

2.  pulcbellus,  Gould  ....  67 

3.  coromandelianus  ( Gm.)  68 

4.  albipennis,  Gould   ....  72 

12.  Mjij  Boie 72 

1.  sponsa  (Linn.)    73 

2.  galericnlata  (Linn.)   . .  76 

Subfam.  IV.  Cebeopsdj-^. 

13.  Cere<»psis,  Lath 79 

1.  noTSB  bollandiffi,  Lath. .  79 

Cnemiomis,  OweJi 81 

1.  calcitrant,  Owen     81 


BTSTBH&TIC  IXDBX. 


Subfam.  V.  Asbxsisjb. 

7.  arborea  (Linn.) 

^ 

14 

Chen,  Boie   .      , 

164 

l.tUBrulescens  (ii'nn.)   . 

82 

9.  ejtooi  [GouJd]    

lea 

2.  byperboreua  (Poff.)    . 

84 

24.  Chenalopex,  Staph 

166 

1.  KtrvptiflcuB  (Linn.)    . 

4.  roasi  (Jao-d)   

•2.  iiibatU3  iSpiv)    

25.  TaJoma,  ZeacA    

1.  cornlita  {S.  G.  Ota.)  . 

2.  radjnb  {Oam.)    

15 

8H 

170 

2.  ruhrirostris.  £«/«.    . 

91 

176 

02 

90.  Casaica,  Bp 

4.  gambeli,  tfarll 

OS 

l.nitiia(Jhtf.)  

177 

5.  BlTthropua  [Linn.) . . . 
II.  &bftli8  {Lath.)     

97 
f<9 

2.cana(t^.) 

S.  Tariegata  (Cm.) 

189 
183 

7.  Reiriniiitrin,  Oouid  . . . 

lUl 

185 

102 

27.  Anas,  Li«« 

187 

8.  brachvrhvnchus,  Baill. 

KIR 

ouBtaleti,  Snirarf.    ... 

189 

S.  indicus  (ia(A.) 

pBTftndis(fitn.) 

nn- 

2.  wviUiaDB,  Sdat.   . . . 

196 

18 

OygnopBiri,  Brandt 

107 

199 

1.  cypooides  {Lirm.)  .  . . 

m 

17 

Pbilncte,  Bmiviiter 

KM 

6.  obscnra,  Gm 

200 

1.  c«u»gica  (Sevaitianoff 

KH) 

6.  fulviguU,  .R.-d^.  ... 

202 

l.can«dvni,ig(ir«n.)... 

112 

8.  diari,  Rid^o 

ft  aberti,  Rtdgw 

204 

2.  hiitohinai  (JTw-A.)    ... 

114 

204 

im 

10.  iHzonica,  FroKr 

205 

4.  minima,  Iii(ifW 

MB 

11.  Buperciliosa,  Qm.    .  , . 

206 

117 

12.  pajdlorhyncha,  Forstfr  209 

13.  zonorhyncha,  S^ninh. . 

7.  nigripaos(iaipr.)   ... 

IW 

14.  iindolota,  IhAoi*   . . . 

212 

8.  ruBcollifl  (PaU.) 

\U 

15.  sparsB,  Smith 

213 

Neeochen.  Salvad.    

\'.>.n 

1.  sandvicenais  (  J'ig.)    . 

m 

2P.  Eunntta,  Bp 

218 

jH 

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4-X 

STaTEMATIC  OIPEZ. 


61.  Mergnnetta,  GmM 457 

1 .  frionatji,  Salvad. 468 

2.  &rmHta,  Go«ld 458 

3.  turreri,  8d.  *  Saiv.  . .  460 

4.  ffarleppi,  Bertepath    . ,   480 

5.  leucogenjs  {T>ch.) 461 

6.  columbiBDS,  Dea  MuTt.  463 

SuMitin.  XI.  MsBonrx. 

62.  Mei^uB,  Lim. 463 

] .  FJbfltluB,  Liim 404 

63.  liophodytw,  Scknb 468 

l.cucullatiw(£»in.)....   468 

64.  Mermiiser,  5™« 471 

1.  cfwtor  (Lmn.) 473 

2.  comutua,  Saload 475 

3.  aroericHiius  (Com.)     ..  477 

4.  squ&niatmi  [Oould)    . .  478 
6.  eermlor  [Linn.) 479 

6.  aQst™li?l2rOTnft.*Jac7.)  4S4 

7.  braailianus  (nVi^.)    ..   485 

Order  XX.  CRYPTURI. 
Fam.  TiNAMiD.*. 
Subfam.  I.  Tinamins. 

1.  Tinamu.^,  Loth im 

l.tao,  Ttmm 497 

2.  robustua,  Sdat 600 

3.  fuscipenuis,  StUvad.  . .  600 

4.  Bolitariua  (  VieiU.) 501 

6.  major  {Gm.)   602 

6.  flubciiatfttuB  (CVii.)  '"'" 


12.  simplex,  Salvad.     531 

13.  bfllBtoni,  BarU 631 

14.  atrieapillua,  Tick 683 

15.  garleppi,  Berl     633 

10.  BtriguitMUfl  (remm.)  ..  533 

17.  erythropuB  {Natt.)     . .  634 

18.  variegftius  (iMh.) 535 

19.  salvini,  Salvad. 637 

20.  breTirostriB  {Natt.)    . .  538 

21.  bartletti,  Bel.  *  Sain.  .  538 

22.  noctivaeia  (  Wied)     . .  539 
SS.  disamihB,  SalBod. 541 

24.  cinnamomeua  {Left.) . .   641 

25.  boiicordi  {SaiU] 644 

26.  columbianus,  Salnad.. .   545 

27.  mcxicanus,  Salvad.    ,.646 

28.  occidental ia,  Salrad.  . .   546 

29.  tranaftLSciatu^,  Sd.  4* 

Sah 546 

4.  RbTnchiituK,  a»i  547 

1.  hifesceos  [Temm.)  ....   548 

2.  niBCulicollis,  G.  R.  Gr.  550 

5.  Nolhoprocta,  Sd.  Sf  Salt:  .  550 

1.  tacMHO'wskii.Sf/.i^-Sn/r.  661 

2.  cinnnace-aa  {Bvrm.)  . .   552 

3.  per4icftria  [KitU.) 553 

4.  coquiiabica,  Salia^.  . .   654 
6.  peutlandi  ((?.  R.  Or.) .  555 

6.  curriroJitriB,  Set.  *  Sate.  666 

7.  omatft  (G.  Jt  Gr.) 567 

8.  brsDickii,  Toes. 558 

6.  Nothum,  War/l.   658 

1.  macuioen  (T'emni.) 559 

~     '    ■ogiittaf*,  Sattad.  . .  6G0 


STSTEMATIC  IVDEX. 


XV 


2.  molTbdophanes,  Lmn, .  574 

3.  australis.  Gum, 575 

Order n.  RHE.E, 

Fam.  Rhxidjb. 

1.  Rhea,  Lath, 677 

nana,  Lydekk 578 

1.  americana  {Lmn,^  ....  578 

2.  macrorh jncha,  StiaL . .  581 

3.  darwini,  (i^oicitf  582 

Older  IIL  CASUARII. 

Fam.  L  DBOMJBiDiB. 

1.  Dromsus,  TieUL 585 

1.  noTS  hollandilb {Lath)  586 

2.  ater,  FfetW. 588 

3.  irroratus,  Barti, 589 

Fam.  n.  Casuabiidjb. 

1.  CasnariuB,  Bris^ 590 

1.  tricaruncnlatuB,  Becc  .  591 


2.  Inearunculatus,  Sdat,  .  591 

3.  galeatUJS  Btmn^ 592 

4.  au8trali9.  Wall 594 

5.  salvadorii,  Oh$U 595 

6.  bec«arii,  ^2af 506 

7.  uniappendiculatus, 

Blyth  597 

8.  occipitaliA,  SahatL 598 

9.  papuanus,  Bomnb 599 

10.  picticollis,  Seiat 600 

11.  bennetti,  GaM 601 

Older  IV.  APTERYGES. 

Fam.  Aptkryqidjb. 

1.  Apterjx,  Shaw    603 

1.  australia,  Shaw 604 

2.  lawryi.  BothschUd 606 

3.  mantelli,  BarU. (X)7 

4.  oweni,  Gould 609 

5.  ocddentaHs,  Bothiich,  .  610 

6.  haasti,  Potts  611 


I 


CATALOGUE 


OF 


BIRDS 


—  ♦ 


Order  XIX.  CHENOMORPH^. 

This  Order,  the  name  of  which  has  been  proposed  by  Haxley, 
comprises  all  those  Carinate  birds  which  combine  at  least  the 
following  two  characters : — 

Palate  desmognathoos ;  young  covered  with  down  and  able  to  run 
or  swim  in  a  few  hours  after  hatching. 

The  other  common  characters  of  the  group  are  :— 
^cck  long,  without  apteria;  oil-gland  tufted;  wings  aquinto- 
oubital ;  rhamphotheca  with  ceroma ;  nares  pervious ;  maxillo- 
palatines  coalesced  across  the  middle  line ;  mandible  much  produced 
and  curved  upwards  behind  its  articulation  with  the  quadrate; 
flexor  perforans  digitorum  leading  to  all  three  anterior  digits,  but 
not  to  the  hallux  ;  ambiens  muscle  present.  Eggs  white. — Range 
cosmopolitan.     Habits  aquatic. 

Synopsis  of  the  Suborderi, 

a.  No  uncinate  processes  on  the  ribs ; 

margins  of  the  bill  not  laminated.     1.  PALAMEDEJB,  p.  2. 

b.  Uncinate   processes  on    the   ribs ; 

margins  of  bill  laminated. 
a'.  Tarsus  three  times  the  length  of 

the  femur,  scutellated  in  front 

and  at  back ;  bill  abruptly  bent 

in  the  middle     2.  PHCENIOOFTERI,  p.  8. 

6'.  Tarsus  about  the  length  of  the 

femur,  reticulated  at  back  and 

generally  in  front ;  bill  straight, 

always  with  a  distinct  nail  at 

the  tip  of  the  upper  mandible.    3.  ANSEBES,  p.  23. 

VOL.  XXVII.  B 


FAL4VE|]BIL)£. 


Suborder  I.  PALAMEDE*. 

Boside  the  absence  of  uncinoto  proceBSps  to  the  ribs,  a  unique 
character  among  birda,  the  .Screamers  are  distinguished  from  the 
other  ChenomorphK  by  the  mediun  basiptery^oid  processes,  the 
absence  of  a  ventral  and  nlraoat  of  any  other  bare  traet,  the  tarsus 
being  less  than  one  and  a  half  times  thn  length  of  the  femur, 
reticulated  in  front  and  behiud,  the  anterior  toes  being  connected  bv 
rudimentary  webs,  and  by  non-laminated  margins  of  the  bill. 

In  external  appearance  the  Screamers  present  the  following 
features; — Head  amall,  neck  covered  with  small  soft  feathers. 
Bill  of  a  gallinaceous  shape,  much  shorter  than  the  head,  with  the 
haac  rather  thick,  and  covered  with  soft  shin ;  nostrils  oblong, 
broad,  situated  rather  lower  down  ;  dortrum  short,  convex,  with 
the  tip  obtuse,  bent  down. 

Wiiigs  large,  rounded,  broad,  with  the  secondaries  very  large  ■  ; 
carpal  portion  with  two  spurs,  the  anterior  one  much  the  largest. 

Tail  of  14  or  12  feathers,  broad,  nearly  half  the  length  of  the 
wing. 

Feet  thick,  moderately  hiph  ;  tibioi  naked  inferiorly  ;  toes  very 
long,  the  median  one  subcqnal  t«  the  tarsns,  united  at  the  base  by 
a  short  membrane  ;  feet  covered  with  small  hexagonal  scaler,  dis- 
posed transversely  on  the  toes ;  nails  rather  strong,  the  posterior 
ono  the  largest :  hallux  long  and  strong. 

The  Screamers  are  confined  to  the  Neotropical  Region, 


One  family  only. 


L   F 


Sf^BL    ^  liL-)      WlSiL   JV|.>JZR| 


■%iiiiiinfc. 

X  ITS:  C»:r.  i2£«H-  JhiL  :.  X  ««^  l^KT  .   PVil  JT  D.  x-i  x  21 

Jr^nr.  i   m  -12^.  -^CL   4W     iSm  . 

^  33b    '  •^^  .   W^suL  EmL  Math,  iL 

X   j\4iL  aL  IT.  1   I     L-isa  ;  Agnii  'S-nt    Z-iC  id.  L  x  2^ 

aL  45    I?i4:  .  F«Mt  ^^A.  •^  '^.  i.  X  Irj*.   31.  :?;£     LtS^* . 

5L  *.  X  f»L  •  i^  f  4  li2&  .  WvrL  %ml  -J-t, 
'  '^  '  ICoL  i'r^-*.  X  3.  i?5*l  l*2f^  . 
Car.  JS^L  .At  iai -at  L  X  ar  I'ii^*  .  Lam,  r-.V^jrm.  x 
aL  **  1  I  1*81  .  STi*:  "Aarr  .-x  x  *;  lS2f  3 
Zm.  Cmml  dr  3mf.  Cm.  tL  j.  mil  1S3K*.  .  a  m, 
X  S2:  l;'!^  -  ife  OfaK.  5  X  X  451  JsKT  .  3Pisadi 
X  IT*  l*4t»  I  Marsm.  F  Z  5.*  :."?«i-  x  IrT  jno^  ^  ^. 
Lit  J.  Jb-iL  JTm^x  11^  l^-U^  .  a£>^«L  J.  iL  x  3ML 
*  *    ..--.;     -.i«r      ^.^1^   «-.  ^fc^  ^pDM.  :l  2ftL  £  2;»^4r 

31.  X  .  ^i.  X  ^K3    j^4^  1  MamtL 

Uimn  Thgr^A-BL  iL  x  4b«l  u'^*  :!  Mm. 
dmmmi  Zbkl,  xHL  x  5i»?>.  x  ::*i4  l?5if".  .  ESaart,  I  '  Ol  itfiT. 
X  ^  -sr  Tw  Jf  n  .  C-^«l  ^.  Z  <  lt«»,  x  L4  '  &M3:  X* 
r«inK  ±£.-k.iSm  -J^HA.  1  M.  Mm.  ^-3  .  tuilr  x  *2  ^mun^ 
:^«4?  .  ^I«^':«L.i^  r«^  n^  T-mmL  x  «!^  ^^r^'  ^2  asn^nK?. 
^'    »  Z  *    L*«L  X  C  -  «MC  f  ilsir.   P  Z  £  J?*1C  x 

jc«: '  *^*-  Jit  JEflu:  :-ri-  x  ±i   i. 


4  FlLlllEOKIDS, 

Adult  mall.  Feathers  of  the  top  of  the  bead  black,  mixed  with 
white  ooee;  neck  and  upper  parts  glossy  black,  feathers  of  the 
lover  part  of  the  neck  in  front  and  on  the  aides  grey,  with  a  black 
band  at  the  tip;  breast  black  ;  abdomen  white;  under  tail  oorerts 
black;  wings  glossy  black,  but  the  smaller  wing-coverts  white, 
those  near  the  median  black  edged  with  white;  carpal  edge 
white ;  base  of  the  primaries,  including  the  base  of  the  shafts, 
white;  under  wing-coverte  whitish;  tail  Mack:  "iris  bright 
orange ;  upper  mandible  dark  brown-grey,  lower  mandible  paler ; 
frontal  horn  yellowish  white ;  legs  and  feet  ashy  grey  "  (Wud). 
Total  length  about  34  inches,  wing  22-5,  tail  11,  culmen  1'4, 
tarsDs  4-4. 

Female.  Similar  to  the  mate,  but,  according  to  Prince  Neu- 
wied,  the  grey  feathers  of  the  neck  are  shorter,  the  anterior  part 
of  the  head  and  the  upper  neck  more  brownish;  a  female  in  the 
British  Mnsenm  has  the  smaller  wing-coverts  buff. 

Hah.  Guiana,  Yenesuela,  and  Amazonia,  west  as  far  as  Ecuador 
and  Eastern  Peru. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  S.  America. 

b.  $  ad.  Hk.  Upper  Ucayali.  E.   Bnrtlett,   Esq. 

[C.J. 
e.  Ad.  sk.  Balzar  Mts.,  Ecuador  Salvin-Qodman  Coll. 


2.  CHAUJTA.  . 

Type. 

Chauna,  i%.  Prodr.  Mamm.  et  Av.  p.  253  (1611}  ....  C.  ciislata. 
Ghavaria,  Rafinaqie,  Analjfe,^.  TO  (1816). 

Opistholophos,  yteiU.  Aaainte,  pp.  60,  70  (ISld) C.  cristata. 

IschyromiB,  SchA.  Av.  Stftt.  Nat.  p.  «i  (1862)    C.  chavaiia. 

Ischyomis, il/>.  Onnpt.  JZMd.xliU.p.69e,gen.lOU(18fi6). 


CbKaia  it-ryKA.  G.  M^  G*  Gtm.  JSL  s.  ?.  4ftfL  a.  ±.iL  MI 

AbV.  *  !ywt  liur.  I^^i:.  p.  JQS    JVoai:  ;  Samtl  RZS,  Ir^. 


:k  377.  ^i^^  Tu  -  -a*  L*li5*  p.  'fr»5 ;  JEmtc.  P  ZLS.  I^:i5L  ^n,  :**, 

ji«.  jBwc:  iu  pa.  »&.  rv:.  X  4ir  ■  T-^>fatf  :  ^  >:  Z  ;». 


Ci 


:*?*  :  Saiii  J^  Sua.  XimtmeL  Jtx,  Xntmo.  p.  'jjS    1^72 

CmttrtibL  l*±  p.  Tl^;  iL  f^;  Zm£   <^B-t.  x  Ti    I*i'  . 
RT.  ^MT  ry.  ^t  'sta  -iL  p.  414  liW- :  El  iW.  1*1?.  p.  iTO 
V^n^nusui  ;  A,  J^rvr.  Imrt.ifR.  pc  m.  p.  ^^    I^sfrt*. 
LwiiTrrcifs  fiofiviiuk.  JbsMS.  .^2.  J^|H<i  A^  p.  zxi  I  I^sad'  .  G.  R, 

G^,  Rad-^me:^  p.  7L  a-  :»36«  I*n  j_^ 
Lic2TfrEaft^  -ief^'jaab.  Jb.  Omvr.  M^mi.  ilxix.  p.  -Sits,  il  t^  .  I^^iir!' . 
PikmiHin  tetany  Sdtte^  &  DHra^  p.  :^IM     liiU  ;  idL  JKhl 
P.-5..  g^rr    X  r:i    I=i'^>     Botpitt  ;  Gwk  TIbl  Oil  m.  x  Li 

Cbaanm  Tyinii.iiK  :Scfiie.  P.ZS,  Isf/iiL  p. .  -^  pL  xL  .  3S^v  Gzanaiift v 
I'?i?«*  X  fir*!.  I'^^WL  X  3l!^   =i&a%wiA>. 

=«:.  ia^^ana.  rtT  P  Z  A  I-slHL  x  417 . 

A3^roMT :  «w  FiESec  p.  Z  ^  L^tS%..  pe.  ^L  ^"^  i  iiL  JLaiL  ±  Xv. 
y.  EL  :]'  ET.  ^  14+-I50  L'i4l». ;  G«in^ P.  Z  S.  1^75. tj.  *li 
I?OS.9o.  IM>^^}  «.-Ticifdii«  jiciJLp.  I^u  pl&  xiL.  x^..  xi^^  XT. ; 
FiztK^'  R  Z  S.  I?77.  pp.  JOT.  J»L  £  I  <^aa. ;  ^  Eob.  I^I« 
m  IL  ±>;  Bttfafiust  P.  Z  S.  la^  pp.  17^  L«l ;  sdua.  Um. 


piLer:  iq^^  port;  of  tite&eadiKk  zreT-:  .yrfpfcil  ooc 
cvy  :  <^i>ek9«.  fii£»  of  ^&«  fr^if.  &ui  timac  wbOft,.  i&arply  »ftMfTTiwt 
nrrnn.  die  ilmik.  wixiclL  ijcm»  s  broad  otHot  vmad  tiie  misfnaiL  uarc 
It  die  neck :  jit^tien  ai  t^  Ljwar  pare  of  z&e  neck,  iit  die  Tuii&ar- 
parts,  md  iba  die  unairiT  wine-wrRrca.  mare  or  leai  widi  paler 
tdcwoi  tsK^^xrak  *i£  cbe  orriaL  etise  binaiiLy  eited  widi  wkcce: 
pnnaryHnvera  diiabtlT  ^sdeeii  wick  whioe  -hl  die  inner  web ;  inuier 
wimr-eoverts  whice;  prmntrnj*  ami  z^-Seaxsuea  4acj  biatck:  biH 
md  &ac  red (?\    Tocal  Loigck  a&mic  ±&  inehea^  wine  sbQUC  I^^  !2ul  ^. 


Afik  TiffwimriA  and  CaimnhiB. 

«.  JmLic                           '  Jumaii'a. ' 

9>  Ad,  ic                         *^Araw>»aJ  V-*nt*gneia. 

&   ,£^  Ad  ^                     Caztaizqna  ZmiLSicw 

d   cf  <>d  ikeiflCaiL            Camupma. 

«.  Bimaa  if  rhe  annk. 

ZmL  Sie. 
ZwL  Sk. 

SilTin-t^iiiiman  C«iQ. 
Sibni-4ji]ihxuixi  CfliL 

PILIHDEIDX. 

8.  Chaona  cristata. 

ChHJA,  D'Azara,  Apunt.  i.  p.  lOd,  n.  341  (1806) )  id.  Fuy.  [ed.  &«m.) 
iv.  p.  179(1809);  i>«m™(,  Wrt.Se.  AW.iiJi.  p.CO  {parL)(1816). 

Chauna  chavarU,  JUig.  Frodr.  M.  et  A.  p.  254  (part.)  (18U) ;  Cve. 
mgn.  An.  i.  p.  499  (1817)  ;  Steph.  Gen.  Zool.  aii.  1,  p.  272  (part.) 
(W2i) ; Lesi.  Man.  iTOm.  ii. p.  287  (1828) ;  Cko.  Rton.  An.  2nd ed. 
i.  p.  536(1829);  I.e»i.  Oimpl.  de  Buff.,  Om.  vii.p.603  (1830);  id. 
(W.  c>f.2oded.  p.  25311838)  ;fiii>ti.  Ven.  6a.  Miu.  v.  114  {1M4); 
O.lLOr.  lAitB.  Brit.  M>».  iii.  p.  114  (1844) ;  id.  Gen.  B. m.  p. 591, 
'  '        -  •  -      ■■  .i".".      ......  ^2ara't  Apunt.  ■p.  S3 

a.ff.ll34"-35(1848) 
CTMi,  ,^!i.p.88(1854) 
Bp.  Cb'mpt.  Rend,  iliii.  p.  598,  a.  285  (1866) ;  Biirm.  J.f.  0.  1858, 
p.  153  [  Cria>,  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  pp.  14-16  (anatom;) ;  sdat.  P.  Z.  S. 
1864,  p.  75, 180(1,  p.  370 ;  Sdat.  ^  Saiv.  V.  Z.  S.  1868,  p.  145  (Con- 
chitM) ;  Ftb..  On.  Bra*,  pp.  314,  458,  hiii  (1870)  (Cuyaba,  Villa 
Maria,  Kio  do  Cabafal,  Matogroseo,  Rio  Guapor^) ;  Q.  R.  Or. 
Hand-liit,  iii.  p.  71,  d.  10543  (1871);  Sundev.  Melh.  nut.  Av. 
ditp.  Tmt.  p.  133  (1872) ;  Selat.  P.  Z.  S.  1872,  p.  C03  (Zool. 
Giird.);  Sdk.  ^  Salv.  Nommct.  Av.  Neotrop.  p.  128  (1873); 
Hudson,  i".  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  108 ;  Garrod,  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  pp.  189, 
180;    Dumf.  Ibi»,   1876,  p.  162,   1877,  p.   190   (egg  and  nesti 

Buenos  Ajres),  1878,  p.  63  (Buenoa  Ayres);  GOiton,  Ibi», 

pp.  415,  417,  1880,  pp.  165-167  (habits :  Buenos  Ayres) ;  J 
JbU,  1880,  p.  425;  White,  P.Z.S.  1882,  p.  625;  -HcAbw 
CetdratU.  1882,  p.  30 ;  id.  Voff.  Zool.  GUii.  p.  71  (1882)  ;  ScM. 
Lilt  Vert..  An.  8th  ed.  p.  414  (1883) ;  Barrom,  Auk,  1884,  p.  272 
(Entrerioa) ;  Stign.  Stand.  Nat.  Httt.  it.  Btrdt,  p.  134  (1885) 
Qoodchad,ibid.  p.  196 ;  Newt. Enc.  Brit.mi  ed. xxi.  p.  562 (1886) 
Berl.J.f.0.  Iffi7,p.  124;  Sdat.  Argent.  Om.  ii.p.  119  (1889) 
id.  P.  Z.  5.1880,  p.i>86(egg8iniilarlo  Ihatof  the  (Jeese) ;  id.  Ibis, 
1800.  pp. 43-5.427  (chick);  Htin.u.Rchnv:.  Num. Mas.  Hfin.  OrH. 
p^322  (ParagiiBj)  (1890);  Frenzel,J.f.  O.  1891,  p.  13.1;  Hortert. 


2.    CHAUNA.  7 

Chauna  fidelis,  part,  Ranz.  Elem,  di  ZooL  iii.  8,  p.  33  (1826). 
Palatnedea  cristata,  Sw.  Class.  B.  ii.  p.  351  (1837)  {ex  PI.  Col.  219). 
Palamedea  lophyra,  Natt.  Cat  MS.,  teste  Pelz.  Onu  Bras.  p.  314 
(1870). 

Adult  male.  General  coloar  dark  grey  ;  upper  parts  glossy  slate- 
grey,  underparts  paler,  belly  whitish;  chin  and  cheeks  whitish 
grey ;  middle  part  of  the  neck  black,  with  a  naked  ring  all  round ; 
occipital  crest  dark  grey  ;  feathers  of  the  breast  slaty  grey,  paler  on 
the  edges ;  smaller  wing-coverts  along  the  cobit  with  pale  edges  ; 
primary-coverts  white  on  the  inner  edges,  the  innermost  also  on  the 
outer;  inner  primaries  white  at  the  base;  under  wing-coverts 
white ;  tail  slaty  black  :  bill  (?) ;  iiis  brown ;  feet  red.  Total 
length  about  36  inches,  wing  20*5,  tail  9,  culmen  1-5,  tarsus  4*5. 

Female.  Similar. 

Young  in  down.  Of  a  yellow-brown  colour ;  head  light  rust- 
colour,  neck  pale  grey,  back  pale  chocolate ;  wings  and  breast  grey : 
iris  wood-brown  ;  feet  brick-red  (Dumford). 

Hah.  Argentine  Bepublic,  Paraguay,  Uruguay,  and  Southern 
Brazil. 

a,  b.   2  ^'  ^'  [Cayenne.]  Purchased. 

e.   2  *d-  8^'  ^^^   Guapop6,  July   (Nat-        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

terer). 

d.  (S  juv.  St.  Paraguay.  J.  H.  Gurney,  Esq. 

[P.]. 

e.  2  ad.  sk.  La  Plata,  Nov.  {R  W.  White).     Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
/.  Juv.  St.  Buenos  Ayres.  Purchased. 

a.  Pull.  sk.  Buenos  Ayres,  Feb.  H.   Dumford,  Esq. 

[C.]. 
A.  Skeleton.  ZooL  Soc. 


PH(EH1C0PTBBIII2. 


Suborder  II.  PH(ENICOPrERI. 

Bib*  with  onoinate  procesBes  ;  basipteiygoid  procesaes  absent  or 
very  radimentary  ;  la-crymo-uasal  region  elongated ;  frontalia  narrow, 
not  oovering  ibo  orbits  above  ;  grooves  for  orbital  glanda  present ; 
cteOB  well  developed;  a  ventral  bare  tract;  wing  a^nintocnbital ; 
tarsne  three  timeB  the  length  of  the  femur,  acatellated  in  front  and 
behind  ;  anterior  toes  fully  webbed  ;  margin  of  bill  laminated. 

Besides,  the  Flamingoes  have  a  very  long  neck,  with  18  or  19 
eervioal  vertebra,  tbe  bill  abrnptly  bent  in  the  middle  and  more  or 
less  pointed,  the  tongne  lai^e  and  thick,  the  general  plumage  of  a 
rosy  colour,  whicli  on  the  wing-coverts  changes  into  bright  crimaon 
red.  They  build  a  nest  with  mnd,  and  lay  only  one  white  e^ ;  the 
young  are  covered  with  whitish  down,  and  nidifngous,  and  have  the 
bill  straight. 

Flamingoes  are  tropical  birds. 

On  the  anatomy  of  tbe  Flamtngoee,  see  Owen,  "  On  tbe  Anatomy 
of  the  Flamingo"  (P. Z.S.  1832,  pp.  141^144);  Milne-£dwaidB, 
**  Caract^ree  ost^logiques  de  la  Famille  des  Phcenicopteridea '' 
(Oss.  Foss.  ii.  pp.  ,^5^2,  ISee-Vl) ;  Garrod,  P.  Z.  S.  1873,  pp.  460, 
467  (both  carotids),  p.  638  (muscles);  Oadow,  "Anatomic  des 
PkcmieopteTVt  roteut  und  seine  Stellung  im  System  "  (J.  f.  0.  1877, 
pp.  382-398,  pL  6.  figs,  la,  lb);  Weldon,  W.  F.  R.,  "  On  some 
Points  in  tbe  Anatomy  of  Phceniroptervn  and  its  alliee  "  (F.  Z.  8. 
1883,  pp.  638-652,  pis.  lix.,  Ix.) ;  Parker,  W.  K., "  On  the  '  Manus ' 
(A Phanieopttrv*''  {-Itiifi:  1889,  pp.  18:V185);  Bbufeldt, » Note  on 
the  Anserine  Affinities  of  the  Flamingoes  "  ('  Science,'  1 889,  pp.  224, 


1.    PBCENICOPTEBUS.  9 

1.  PHCENICOPTERUS  ^ 

Type. 

Phoenicoptenis,  Linn,  S.  N.  i.  p.  230  (1766) P.  ruber. 

Phoenicorodias  (subgen),  G.  E,  Gr.  IbiSf  1869,  p.  441 P.  ruber. 

Range,  Pala&arctic,  Ethiopian,  Indian,  and  Neotropical  Begions. 

Key  to  the  Species, 

a.  General  plumage  vermilion-red    ruher^  p.  9. 

6.  General  plumage  rosy  white  ;  wings  rosy  red. 
a'.  Apical  black  part  of  the  bill  not  reaching  the 

bend rosetis,  p.  12. 

b'.  Apical  black  part  of  the  bill  extended  above  the 

bend MlensiSf  p.  16. 

1.  Phoenicopterns  ruber. 

Phoenicoptenis  americanus,  Seba,  Mus.  i.  p.  108,  tab.  Ixvii.  f.  I 
(1734). 

Phoenicopterus  phoeniceus,  Barr.  Hist  Fr,  E^.  p.  140  (1743). 

Phoenicoptenis  gujanensis,  Barr.  Om.  Class,  i.  p.  21,  gen.  viii.  sp.  3 
(1745). 

Phoenicopterus  bahamensis,  Catesb.  Carol,  i.  p.  73,  pi.  73  (good), 
p.  74,  pi.  74  (head)  (Bahamas,  Cuba)  (1764). 

Phoenicoptenis,  Broum,  Nat.  Hist,  of  Jam.  p.  480  (Cuba,  Jamaica) 
(1756). 

Phoenicopterus  ruber,  part.,  Linn.  S.  N.  ed.  10,  gen.  72,  sp.  1  (1758). 

Phoenicopterus,  part.,  Briss.  Orn.  vi.  p.  632,  pi.  xlvii.  f.  1  (1760) ; 
Gerim,  Star,  degli  Ucc,  v.  tav.  496  (1776). 

Phoenicopterus  ruber,  part.,  Linn,  8,  N.  i.  p.  230,  n.  1  (1764) ;  Scop, 
Ann,  1,  Hist.  Nat.  n.  114  (part.)  (1769) ;  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  2,  p.  612, 
n.  1  (part.)  (1788);  Lath,  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  788,  n.  1  (part.) 
(1790)  ;  Geofr.  Bull.  Sc.  Soc.  PkUom.  i.  2,  n.  13,  p.  98  (part) 
(1798)  ;  Blig.  Prodr.  p.  270  (part)  (1811) ;  Temm.  Man.  p.  378 
(part)  (1815) ;  VieiU.  N.  D.  xxv.  p.  517  (part.)  (1817) ;  Bum, 
Diet.  Sc.  Nat.  xvii.  p.  96  (part.)  (1820) ;  Steph.  Gen.  Zool.  xii.  1, 
p.  186  (part.)  (1824). 

Phoenicopterus  ruber,  Bonn.  Enc.  MHh.  i.  p.  162  (1790)  (Am^rique 
m6ridionale) ;  Wils.  Am.  Om.  viii.  p.  45,  pi.  66  (1814) ;  Temm. 
Man.  d'Om.  2nd  ed.  p.  587  (note)  (1820);  Brehm,  Lehrb.  d. 
Naturgesch.  alle  eur.  Vog.  ii.  p.  662  (1824)  ;  Bp.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y. 
ii.  p.  348,  n.  282  (1826);  id.  Speech.  Comp.  p.  67,  n.  218(1827) ; 
Temm.  PI.  Col.,  genre  Flammant,  esp.  2  (hvr.  71,  1827);  Bp. 
Syn.  n.  282  (1828);  Drapiez,  Diet.  Class,  xiii.  p.  362  (1828); 
Bp,  Isisy  1832,  p.  1177,  n.  282 ;  Nutt.  Man.  ii.  p.  70  (1834)  ;  Bp. 
Comp.  List  J  p.  64,  n.  863  (1888) ;  Aud.  Om.  Biogr.  v.  p.  256, 
pi.  431  (1839);  id.  Syn.  p.  269  (1839);  id.  B.  Am.  vi.  p.  169, 
pi.  375  (1843);  Hartl.  Verz.  Ges.  Mus.  p.  116  (1844);  G.  B.  Gr. 
List  B.  Brit.  Mus.  iii.  p.  126  (1844) ;  Behnb.  Syn,  Av.,  Natatores, 
t.  108.  f.  417  (1845);  G.  R  Gr.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  603,  n.  2  (1846) ; 
Denny,  P.  Z.  S.  1847,  p.  39  (Jamaica^ ;  Gosse,  B.  Jam,  p.  390 
(1847)  (Jamaica,  Cuba) ;  Hartl.  Isis,  1847,  p.  606  (W.  Indies); 
Cab.  in  Schomb.  Guiana,  iii.  p.  761  (1848)  (Coast  of  British  Guiana 
and  Bird  Island) ;  Licht.  Nom.  Av.  f.  90  (1854)  (Brazil !) ;  Bp. 
Consp.  Gen.  Av.  ii.  p.  145  (1856) ;  td.  Compt.  Rend.  xl.  p.  724 


rHtEMCOPTRBt  J>X . 

a.  140  (1866),  xliii.  p.  992  (1866) ;  BiMe,  J.  f.  0.  1866,  p.  166 
(Zool.  Gard.) ;  Coft.  ^  Gmidl.  J.f.  O.  1856,  p.  432  (CuU) ;  SaOS, 
P.  Z.  S.  1857,  p.  236  (San  Domingo);  TAimem.  J.  /.  0.  1857, 
p.  166  (eire) ;  Out-  <«  Baird't  B.  N.  Am.  p.  687  (1856)  (Florida 
fcevB)  ;  Baird,  Cat.  N.  Am,  B.  n.  502  (1869) ;  A.  ^  E  Neat. 
Iba,  1869,  p.  365  (St.  Croix  P)  ;  Bryant,  Pr.  Bost.  Soe.  N.  H.  rii. 
p.  121  (1859)  (BnhamM) ;  ffurdie.  Natural,  in  Bermuda,  p.  55 
(1859);  MaHm»,J.f.  O.  1869,  p.  219{Bermudft);  Wurdem.  Aim. 
Rep.  Smiths.  Imt.  1860,  pp. 426-430 (Gape  Sable  and  the  KejB)*; 
Brewer,  Pr. Bost.  Stoc.  JV.  H.  vii.  p.  308  (1860)  (Cuba);  Albrecht, 
J.f.  0.  1861,  p.  C6  (Bahamas),  1862,  p.  206  (Jamaica);  March, 
Pr.  Acad.  Fhilad.  1864,  p.  65  (Jamwca) ;  Schlt^.  Mat.  P.-B., 
Anserea,  p.  117  (1866) ;  Gtuidt.  RepeH.  Fiaco-Nat.  Oiba.  i.  p.  386 
(1866);  Sclut.  P.  Z.  S.  1866,  p.  418  (ZooLGaid.);  Bryant,  Pr. 
Bolt.  Soc.  N.  H.  xi.  p.  97  (1867)  (San  Domingo) ;  .Eyion,  OOeoL  Av. 
pi.  4K  pi.  28.  f.  2  (1869);  O.R.Gr.  Ibui,  18^,  p.  443,  pL  xv.  £  7 
(head) ;  Peh.  Om.  Bros.  pp.  318,  459,  Iriii  (1871i  (Praia  de  Caju- 
tuba,  near  ParS) ;  Coia»,  Key  N.  Am.  B.  p.  278  (1872) ;  id.  Oeck- 
Hit  N.  Am.  B.  a.  476  (1873);  Solat.  *  ^If.  Nomatel  Av. 
Neotrop.  p.  127,  n.  1  (1873)  (Mexico) ;  ffund/.  J.  f.  O.  1874, 
p.  314  (Porto  Kco),  1875,  p.  368  (Cuba) ;  Salv.  Tr.  Zool.  Six.  is. 
p.  4S8  (187S)  (QalapR|[08)  J  A.  Newt,  tbit,  1876,  p.  99;  Rchnw. 
J.f.  O.  1877,  p.  229;  Oieb.  Th«,.  Om.  iii.  p,  109  (1877) ;  Gundl. 
Anal.  Soe.  E»p.  Sitt.  Nat.  vii.  p.  398  (1878)  (Porto  Rico) :  td. 
J.f.  O.  1878,  p.  190;  RidffW.  iV.  U.S.  Nat.  Atui.  1880,  p.  231  ; 
Cory,  B.  Rahama  1.  p.  180  (1880) ;  A.  ^  E.  Newt.  Handh.  Jam. 
p.  112(1881);  Mayn-B.ofE.  itf.  ^m.  p.  436(1881) ;  Cory,  Bull. 
Nutt.  Om.  Club,  VI.  p.  165  (18811  (Haiti);  Ridgw.  Norn.  N.  Am. 
R.  n.  585  (1861);  Rchnic.  Vog.  Zoot.  Gart.  p.  134  (1882);  COuet, 

Chtek-liil,'2tiA  ed.  p.  110,  n.  687  (1882);  Sdat.  LUt  VeH.  An. 
8th  ed.  p.  413  (1883)  (Zool.  Oard.) ;  Roucard,  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  468 

(Vucntan);   T'md-.  JiiV  18?'4.  p,  168  (San  Domii'go) ;  B.,1I.,&R 

Wattr-B.  X.  Am.  \.  p.  41ii  1 18M)  ;  Vmif.  Key  N.  Am.  B.  Sad  ed. 

p^6r9,n   687(1884)  ;^n.Wfl,  ii/n    1865.  p.  186  (Cozumel  I.)  : 


1.    PUauriCOPTB.RUB.  11 

Phoenicopterufl  americanuB,  Wied,  Ertte  JReitf  navh  Xvrd-Amer.  p.  78 
(1835)  {cf.  GuHdL  J./,  O.  1871,  p.  2t57) ;  Sw.  Class,  B.  ii.  p.  364 


Phoenicopterus  erythneus,  J.^  E.  t  err.  Eev.  et  Mag.  de  ZooL  1855, 
p.  221  (t^-pe,  Gabon !) ;  G.  R.  Or.  Ibis,  1869,  p.  442,  pi.  xiv.  f.  6 
(head);  id.  Hand-list,  iii.  p.  72,  n.  10645  (1871). 

Phoenicopterus  gljnphorhynchus,  Q.  R,  Gr,  Ibis,  1869,  pp.  439,  443, 
pL  xiv.  f.  5  (head,  Galapagos) ;  id.  Hand-list,  iii.  p.  72,  n.  10546 
(1871) ;  Salv.  Tr.  Zool.  Soc.  ix.  p.  498  (1875)  (=  Ph.  ruber,  Z.) ; 
Gieb.  Thes.  Om.  iii.  p.  108  (1877) ;  A.  Newt.  Diet,  of  B.  pt.  L 
p.  257(1893). 

Phoenicopterus  (Phoenicorodias)  ruber,  G.  R.  Gr.  Hand-list,  iii. 
p.  72,  n.  10550  (1871). 

Flamiogo,  Darwin,  Natural.  Voy.  new  ed.  p.  60  (1882)  (Gala- 
pagos). 

P  Phoenicopterus  i^ipalliatus  s.  ruber  P,  Berl.  J.  f.  O.  1892,  p.  104 
(Curasao) ;  E.  Peters,  ibid.  p.  122. 

PlMBnicopterus  sp.,  Hartert,  Ibis,  1893,  p.  307  (Aruba),  p.  335 
(Bonaire). 

Adult.  General  plum&ge  light  vermilion,  lighter  on  the  scapulars, 
more  intense  on  the  wings ;  primaries,  secondaries,  and  primar}*- 
coverts  black ;  axillaries  bright  red :  bill  yellowish  with  the 
terminal  third  black  ;  irides  brown  ;  feet  and  legs  lake-red.  Total 
length  about  42-48  inches,  wing  15-16,  tail  6,  colmen  5*2,  tarsns 
12-14-5. 

Young.  Greyish  white,  with  mesial  dusky  Hnes  on  the  back  and 
wings ;  the  greater  coverts  broadly  tipped  with  brown-black. 

Downy  young.  "  Greyish  white,  becoming  nearly  pure  white  on 
forehead,  dieeks,  median  line  of  back,  whole  rump,  and  median 
onderparts:  bill  pale  brownish,  dusky  terminally,  naked  lores 
dusky ;  legs  and  feet  brownish  black  ;  bill  nearly  straight "  (Ridg- 
way). 

Bah.  Tropical  and  subtropical  sea-coasts,  from  Florida  Keys  and 
ooast  of  Gulf  States  to  Northern  South  America,  as  far  south  as 
Pan!  and  Galapagos  Islands. 

The  t}'pe  of  Ph.  erythrcnus  no  doubt  belongs  to  this  species ;  it 
has  evident  signs  of  having  been  kept  in  captivity,  and  one  of  the 
tarsi  was  amputated  while  the  bird  was  alive.  The  locality  Gaboon, 
attributed  to  this  bird,  is  evidently  wrong. 

a.  Ad.  st.  No  locality.  Purchased. 

h.  Ad.  sk.  Inagua,  Bahamas  {Maynard).  Salvin-G< 

e,  Juv.  sk.  Northern  Yucatan  {E.  C.  J.  Salvin-G 

Devis) 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Galapagos  {Kellett  ^  Wood).  Pandota 

(Type  of  Ph.  glwhorhifH 

e.  Ad.  sk.  [Gaboon.]  Fuichueb 

(Type  of  Ph.  erythrm 


I<H<SII  ICOPTERID£. 


.  Fhmnicoptenu  rosens. 


Phisuicopterue  roeeus,  Barr.  Om.  Clou.  i.  p.  SI,  imii.  Tiii.  gp.  2 
(1743) 

PhcBnicoptenu  plinii,  EUm,  Ad.  p.  128,  lit.  B. 

PluBnicoptenu,  Brut.  Om.  vi.  p.  S32  (port.),  pi.  xlvii.  t.  t  (1760). 

PhtenicoptaruB  raber,  part.,  lAnn.  8.  N.  i.  p.  230,  n.  1  (1766);  Qm. 
S.  Jf.  i.  2,  p.  612,  D.  1  (Mrt.)  (1788) ;  LaA.  ImL  Om.  ii.  p.  786, 
n.  1  (put)  (1790) ;  Oeoffr.  Bull  Sc.  Soc.  Philom.  i.  2,  n.  IS,  p.  98 
(part.),  pi.  — .  ff.  4,  6,  a  (be«d)  (1798) ;  J%.  Prodr.  p.  270  (partj 
(1811) ;  71mm.  Man.  tTOrH.p.  378  (part)  (1815) ;  VieiU.  if.  D. 
MtY.p.  517  (part.)  (1817);  Ihim.  Diet.  Sc.  ^af.  xvu.p.96  (port.) 
(1620) ;  Temm.  op.  cit.  2nd  ed.  ii.  p.  587  (pwt.)  (lK»)j  5&y*. 
Oat.  Zooi.  xii.  1,  p.  186  (port.),  pi.  24  (1824). 

Fenicottero,  Olti,  Uec.  Sard.  p.  294  (witbpUte)  (Sttrdinift)  (1776). 

Flsmmut  ou  Ph^Dicopt^,  part,  Bt^.  Sid.  Nat.  Oi*.  Ttii.  p.  476 
(1781). 

Red  Flamingo,  Lath.  Sun.  iiL  1,  p.  299,  n.  1  (1785) :  id.  8m.  Suppl. 
i.  p.  2630787). 

PhffiDicopterus  ruber,  var.  a,  Btmn.  Enc  M4Ui.  i.  p.  162,  pi.  42.  f.  3 
(1791)!^ 

Pbceoicoptoriu  roseus,  PaU.  Xoogr.  Bono-At.  ii.  p.  207  (1611)  (CfiB- 
man);  K.^  B.  WirbeUh.  Bur.  pp.  Ixiii,  221  (1840);  Bp.  Icon. 
Faun.  Ital.,  Ucc.  htrodr.  p.  15  (1841)  ;  id.  Cat.  Jtfd,  Dec.  £io-. 
p.  66  (1842) ;  O.  R.  Gr.  Lut  B.  Brii.  Mut.  iii.  p.  125  (1844) ; 
Riipp.  Syd.  Ufbei-i.  p.  137,  n.  488  (1845)  (Lower  Efn-pt) ;  Bfylh, 
Git.  B.  Mm.  A.  S.  B.  p.  299,  n,  1760  (1849)  (excL  var.  minor) ; 
Layard,  Ann.  ^  Mag.  N.  H.  liv.  p.  208  (Ceylon)  (1854);  BoUt, 
J.  f.  O.  1865,  p.  314  (Spain) ;  Bp.  CW,  Otn.  Av.  ii.  p.  145 
(l»i5) ;  id.  Compt.  Said.  xl.  p.  724,  n.  142  (1866),  xliii.  p.  992 
(1866) ;  Rrvgi  Suit.  Utberr.  no.  tl7S  (1866) ;  iocSc,  Cat.  M.  et  O. 
Atyir.  p.  103  (18-58);  Adami,  P.  Z.  S.  1858.  p.  50  (Punjab); 
Hirmey.  J.  f.  0.  1862,  n,  424  (Balearic  Isl.) ;  Radde.  Rett.  S.O.. 
""■  ■      i.  p.  347  (Lake  B«ik«l)  (186:1) ;    Hnghl,  Ibis,  1364,  p.  149 


1.  PH(BNIC0PTBRU8.  13 

Konkan)  (1880) ;  ButJer,  ibid.  p.  436  (Deocan)  (1880) ;  LeggCy  B, 
ofCeyl  p.  1092  (1880);  OigL  Ibis,  1881,  p.  212;  Bchmo.  Vog. 
Zool.  GdH,  p.  VM  (1882) ;  Nathunus,  J,f,  O.  1882,  p.  295  {^a^^) ; 
Seehh,  Ibis,  1882,  p.  227  (Kirghiz),    1883,  p.  33   (Caucasus); 
Badde,  Omis  Caucus,  p.  439  (1884) :  Tristr.  Faun,  ^  Flor,  of 
Palest,  p.  113  (1884);    Saund.  in  YarreWs  Hist.  Brit.  B.  iv. 
pp.  244-252,  ^idth  fig.  (1884-^) ;    Whitehead,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  44 
(Corsica) ;  Reid,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  260  (Morocco) ;  Seebh.  Hist.  Brit. 
B.  iii.  p.  660,  pi.  61  Cegg)  (1886) ;  Yerbury,  Ibis,  1886,  p.  22 
(Aden) ;   Parker,  ibid.  p.   188  (Ceylon) ;    Salvad.  El.  Ucc.  Ital. 
p.  249  (1886) ;  Trois,  AtU  1st.  Ven.  (6)  iv.  pp.  126-129  (Venetian) 
(1886);  Reid,  Str.  Feaih.  x.  p.  78  (Lucknow)  (1887);    Severtz. 
Zeitschr.  d.  ges.  Om.  1887,  p.  23  (Turkestan) ;  Davids.  Str.  Feath. 
X.  p.  325  (W.  Kandeish)  (1887);  Hume,  ibid.  p.  613  (1887)  (not 
breeding  in  India) ;  Tait,  Ibis,  1887,  p.  375  (Portugal) ;  Pleske, 
Rev.  Turkest.  Ornis,  p.  53  (1888) ;  Regalia,  Proc.-verb.  Soc.  Tosc. 
Sc.  Nat.  1888,  p.  86  (nail) ;  Salvad.  Ann.  Mus.  Civ.  Gen.  (2)  vi. 
p.  317  (Shoa)  (1888) ;  Koenig,  J.f.  O.  1888,  pp.  291-295  (Tunis) ; 
Lilf.  Ibis,  1889,  p.  344  (Cyprus) ;    Tristr.  Cat.  Coll.  B.  p.  62 
<1889) ;  [Fd.]  loot.  1889,  pp.  136-139 ;  Hartert,Kat.  Vogelsamml. 
p.  203  (1891) ;  Sharpe,  Cat.  Osteal.  Spec.  Coll.  Surg.  iii.  p.  288  (1891) ; 
Barnes,  Ibis,  1893,  p.  174  (Aden);    Meade-Waldo,  ibid.  p.  199 
(Canaries). 
Phoenicopterus  antiquonim,  Temm.  Man.  2nd  ed.  ii.  p.  687  (note) 
(1820) ;  Brehm,  Lehrb.  d.  Naturg.  oiler  eur.  Vbg.  ii.  p.  662  (1824) ; 
Bp.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  ii.  p.  348  (note)  (1826) ;  Temm.  PI.  Col., 
genre  Flammant,  esp.    1  (livr.  71,   1827) ;    Bp.  Speech.    Comp. 
p.  67,  n.  206  (1827);  id.  Syn.  n.  283  (1828);  Drap.  Diet.  Class. 
xiii.  p.  362  (1828) ;  Savi,  Om.  Tosc.  ii.  p.  363  (1829) ;  Brehm, 
Isis,  1830,  p.  989 ;  u;.  Vog.  Deutschl.  pp.  602,  603  (1831) ;  Bp. 
Isis,  1832,  p.  1177;  id.  C&mp.  List,  p.  64,  n.  391  (1838) ;  Nauni. 
Vog.  Deutschl.  ix.  p.  408,  Taf.  233.  f  1  cJ  ad.,  2  ^  jun.,  3  $  juv. 
(1838) ;  Bp.  Icon.  Faun.  Ital.,  Ucc.  Introd.  p.  16  (1841)  ;  Schleg. 
Rev.  Crit.  p.  ci(1844);  HarU.  Verz.  Ges.  Mus.  p.  116  (1844); 
Rchnb.  Syn.  Av.,  Natatores,  1. 108.  fp.  418,  419, 968  (1846) ;  G.  R. 
Gr.  Gen.  B.  iu.  p.  603,  n.   1   (1846) ;    P.  Z.  S.  1849,  p.  941 
(Zool.  Gard.) ;  Del^.  Voy.  Afr.  Austr.  ii.  p.  —  (1847) ;  Licht. 
Norn.  Av.jp.  60  (Arabia)  (1864);   Brehm,  J.f.  O.  1854,  p.  83 
(Egypt) ;  Bruck,  ibid.  p.  278  (Rhein) ;  Bolle,  J.f.  0. 1856,  p.  27 
(Cape  Verd  Isl.j,  p.  165  (Zool.  Gard.) ;  MUll.  ibid.  p.  231  (Ca- 
maigue);  Brehm,  ibid.  p.  334  (Upper  Egypt);  Buvry,  J.f.  O. 
1857,  p.  134  (Algeria) ;  Bolle,  ibid.  p.  339  (Canaries) ;  Salv.  Ibis, 
1859,  p.  361  (E.  Atlas);   Homey.  J.f.  O.  1859,  p.  370  (Zool. 
Gard.) ;  Tristr.  Ibis,  1860,  p.  78  (N.  Africa) ;  Powys,  ibid.  p.  348 
(Corfu?);    Des  Murs,    Traits,  pp.   126,   129,  436-444   (1860); 
Homey.  J.f.  O.  1863,  p.  263  (Algeria),  JSi-trah.  p.  21;  Parker, 
P.  Z.  S.  1863,   p.  617  (vertebriB);    Adams,  Ibis,  1864,  p.  33 
(Egypt) ;    Tristr.  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  463  (Palestine) ;    Gigl.  Ibis, 
1865,  p.  62  (Pisa) ;  Sc^.  Mus.  P.-B.,  Anseres,  p.  116  (1866) ; 
Tristr.  Ibis,  1868,  p.  327  (Palestine) ;  Saund.  P.  Z.  S.  1869,  p.  432 
(eggs,  Spain) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Ibis,  1869,  p.  441,  pi.  xiii.  ff.  1, 2  (head) ; 
Tacz.  J.f.  O.  1870,  p.  63  (Constantine);  Droste,  Ber.  xviii.  Vers. 
Om.  Ges.  1870,  p.  80 ;  Gum.  Ibis,  1871,  p.  297  (Algeria) ;  SheU. 
ibid.  p.  314  (Egypt) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Hand-list,  iii.  p.  72,  n.  10544 
(1871)  ;  Dohm,  J.f.  0. 1871,  p.  9  (Cape  Verd) ;  Holdsw.  P.  Z.  S. 
1872,  p.  479  (Ceylon) ;  Shett.  B.  of  Egypt,  p.  272  (1872) ;  Thien. 


PHOVICOPTBRIDA. 

Sier.  t.  lix.  f,  7  ;  ffeu?/,  Orn.  N.O.-AJr.  u.  2,  p.  126S  (1873)  : 
Garrod,  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  pp.  460,  467  (both  carotids),  p.  638 
(muncles) ;  Lioyd.  Ibit,  1873,  p.  419  (Kattiawar) ;  WaMe,  Beiu 
n.  d.  mdi.  Spanitn,  ii.  p.  9  ;  Irby,  Orn.  Sir.  GibraU.  p.  193 
(1876);  Kriiper,  J.f.  O.  1876,  p.  284  (Smjrnft)  ;  Blanf.  Eatt. 
Pen.  a.  p.  300  (Persian  Gulf)  {1876);  Rchnv?.  J.f.  O.  1877, 
p. 227;  Oia.TAa.Om.'m.f.l(}8{lS77);Mtvchimd,Set>.flMag. 
de  ZooC.  1877,  p,  367,  pi.  11  (pullua) ;  Hume,  Sir.  Rath.  vii.  p.  491 
(1879),  yiii.  pp.  114,  949  (1879);  LOford,  P.  7..  S.  1880,  p.  446 
(S.  Spain,  breeding) ;  /oA»m(.  iAji.  1881,  p.  173  (Tunis,  breeding); 
Ed.  Ibis.  1881,  p.  449 ;  Saurjd.  Ibu,  1883,  p.  397  (Spain,  breed- 
ing) ;  Weld.  P.  Z.  S.  1888,  pp.  638,  639,  0.51 ;  Se/at.  LUt  Vert. 
An.  8th  ed.  p.  413  (1883):  Stefn.  Stand.  Nat.  Sat.  iv.  Bird», 
pp.  164,  156,  f.  76  (1885) ;  Sau„d.  IbU,  1886,  p.  456 ;  Koenig,  J.f. 
O.  1891,  p.  291  (Tunis) ;  St.  John,  Ibi»,  1889,  p.  179  (S.  Afghan- 
iatao);  TrUtr.  Cat.  CoU.  It.  p.  62  (1889j  (distinct  from  Ph. 
roteuiV);  Sclat.  Ibis,  1890,  p.  81  (oqiiintocubital)  ;  Sasnd.  Ibi$, 
1891,  p.  184  (Neuchatel) ;  Finn,  Ibit,  1893,  p.  2.t8  (,Siiez) ;  A.  Newt. 
Diet,  of  B.  pt.  i.p.  267(1893)iXoenio,  J./  0. 1893,  p.  102  (Tunis). 

Phcenicopterus  major,  Dum.  Did.  Sc.  Nat.  xvii.  p.  96  (1820) ; 
Brehm,  Vhg.  Deuttchl  p.  603  (1831)  (larger  var.). 

PhoBnicopteruB  ruber,  Bne  (nft  latm.),  Iiis,  1822,  p.  660,  u.  273 ; 
LkU.  Verz.  Doubl.  p.  70  (OaU.  mend,.  Cap.  b.  s.,  Senegamb.) 
(1623);  LichLin Eoertm. Reitt, i. p.  70  (1823) ;  Mam. El. di Zool. iii. 
8. p.  812  (1828 );  Lest.  Man.  dOm.  ii.  p.  243 (1828) ;  id.  Tr.  d!Om. 
p.689,n.l(E.&S.  Europe)  (1831);  Owm,  P.  Z.  S.  1832,  pp.  141- 
\4A ;  Baket,  P.  Z.  S.  1832,  p.  159  (Dulihun) :  Minitr.  Cat.  BaU. 
p.  60  (Caspian)  (1832) ;  Smith,  Afrie.  Glen,  13th  ed.  p.  35,  a.  218 
(Cape)  (1836) ;  Gould,  B.  £ar.  It.  pi.  287  (1837)  ;  Hartl.  J.f.  O. 
1854,  p.  160  (Oylon) ;  Brehm.  Vbgelf.  p.  288  (1865). 

Phcenicopterus  europKUK,  Sw.  Claei.  B.  ii.  p.  364  (1837) ;  Jerd 
MadT.  Joum.  ixi.  p.  217,  n.  373  (1840). 

Phcenicopterus  ignipalliatus.  Or.  if  Mitch,  {nee  D'Orb.  ^  I.  Geoffr.), 
Gen.  B.  ill.  pi.  lt«  (1846) ;  Jichnb.  Sun.  Av.,  Natatores,  t.  107, 
"    "I)  (ex  Or.  *  Mitch.). 


I.   PfiiKyiciiprHRcs.  15 

y.O.-Afr.  d.  -J.  p.  L-Jhr  Af^T-i.;  H'nyht,  IbU,  1>74.  p.  227 
I  Sicily.  .Malta.  :  -  Rchnw.  J  *  O.  I.H74,  p.  ;{74  (Jabooo;  :  S^M^t/tf, 
J.f,  O.  lf*7fi,  D.  !>«>");  A  Artie,  y./.  O.  L-77.  p.  ±25  idub*»peci»?sj : 
Drffss.  3.  jf  Eur.  vi.  p.  .541)  l.**7.)l  .  sfts^usj ;  f^tj/,  Ihu,  l^V, 
p.  -*l;i  L'liL'iiiir  ' ;  B*H\  Ont,  A/ii/.  p.  -Wii  Aair«)ia,  •  l-V^l ; :  iAurp*\ 
Luym-fii  3.  .i*tnth  Afr.  p.  7-U  il>^.i:  .Si/tW.  £7.  Cw.  ItaL 
p.  ::;'/)  l.-jf^'rf ;  ATr^Mjy.  j:/  O.  IS'r^.  p.  JNl.  lsy:j,  p.  i>6  1  Tiuii*!  : 
A.  ytnct.  Diet,  'if  3.  pr.  i.  p.  -^'u  .  l>0;j). 
ETiCBnicoptenia  platrrhynchiis.  Bmhm,  I'^tyeif.  p.  -jys  1 1.<>1 1 ;  id. 
ytmmannin.  1'!Sj7».  p.  :i1M). 

*  PhcBnicoptenis  aiinor.  Br^/im    /lev  Geoffi:  -   Voy/f.  p.  l>9^  ,  IS55)  ; 

/rf.  Snumannia.  L^-l.").  p.  i*y<J. 
?  Phnftriicnpteriii*  pv2m;e»u.  Btffnm.  itif  3 p.  Ctmpt.  Rtmd.  \iiii.  p.  !)OQJ 

PhoBnicdDtems  row-iLs  1  -jrvtiiraeus,  5iiia.  Lint  3.   tf  Eur.  n.  3;iO  3 

■  iHtiilj; 
Flamintfo.  BamusH  Explor.  >u  SotaA-^vf^t  Afr.  tzijiitispiew  ■I'^dAj  ; 

r/tfri.    /^«.    L^70.  pp.   4;J'.4-44l»   'S.    jf   Fnuicw    ;    C/utpm.    Bm, 

IHS4,  pp.  71  -72.  ■j^-'ji).  pi.  iv.  iJximdalqiiiv'.rt. 
PluBnimptenu  :inriqiiurim.  rar.,  ^y.  3.  fJ-r.  Ibis,  Irj^SM  p.  442  <  India, 

'>yioni.  rar.  .  L'.ipH  >f  tioiHi  Qiipei. 
PhceniroptHnLs    •^ritimeud     tjrrnroi^,    3niuke,    [hig.    l.'*7?J,    p.  34ii 

!>iardinia). 
Phrt;mcj»nterTis   rin(i»»r?«ini.    Br'mk:*,   Pr.   A.  -i.  3.   l-iT'),    pp.   17-48 

!  FittHitrnrh.  X.W.  Prt>v.  jf  India    :   Ifunn,  STr  Fvat/i.  iii.  p.  414 

!iM7.'»i  ■  =:uiidr(iioruin.  juv.,. 
PhmnifoDt^nw  iii-seiis.  i  var.  aarva.   Sfct"**^.  ./.  r  O.   1S7-'*.  p.  1^*4 

Ad}dt  naaftt.  ireneni  T3luiii:iire  nsv  white ;  rail  mthtT  more  of  a 
PMy-rcd  Tinxre :  npper  ind  :mder  winir-^.'orerrs  and  -ixilLiries  brij^fat 
acariet :  luiils  black.  n«)rniiL)  rosy :  iris  palt'  Lfmun-yeilow :  bare 
akin  next  the  eye  and  boise  of  bill  desh-pink  :  :urminul  purtiun  ot 
the  bill  md  edtten  of  the  mandible  black  :  ivici  and  feot  pinkish  red. 
Total  ipHfifth  ahont  44  no  .5;]  inches,  winjr  17.  --ail  7.  <juimen  .5-*5. 
tamiM  I:S.  bare  oortion  of  the  ribia  -K 

FffTMlr.  Eeflembles  the  mule,  but  is  rather  smaller  in  size. 

Ymruj.  ffead.  neck,  an* I  inderparts  whitish,  siiirhtiy  cintced  with 
hntf.  esneoiailv  on  rhe  inner  nei*k ;  back  oshv  brown,  with  Jarx 
mmiai  lines  on  "^he  teathera  ;  winK-«iovert3  liku  rhe  back,  rhe  larsvr 
mverffl  almn^^r  .»nrirely  bmwn  :  axillaries  paie  pink :  base  jf  "he 
bill  dull  pinkirth :  Leq^  duU  piumbe<iiis. 

Y'lnnrj  in  inwn.  Whitish,  tinirefl  with  zrey  on  ^he  'inner  Tarr.s  ; 
Ae  bill :«  -inite  itraicht. 

ffnh.  From  '"he  basin  ot  rhe  Meflitemnean  "j-t  Lik.»  Riuk.ii ;  rhe 
whole  of  Artrrra.  India,  ind  Cevlon. 


*  Ad.  «r. 

Kiimnf. 

h.  All.  ^r.. 

Kiirnni- 

P  \i-r*.l\Hf*fr\. 

«.  4.  Ad.  »f  , 

1IV 

*T. 

I*  ir''iin>*fr| 

4    JllV    ^t 

/.in J.  "^.»ip 

/.  .U.  ^k. 

.Nfarnhpt 

W 

^t^v 

illp. 

1' 

f,  k.    Ad.  .4t. 

Ixuadalqiiivir 

rHtSNICOPTEBTD^. 


t.  $  ad.  ak. 

Coto  del  Key,  April  (S. 

Hume  Coll. 

k.  d  ad.  sk- 

Sardinia,   Feb.    (Count 
Salpadon). 

T. 

Shelley  Coll. 

/.  PuU.  sk. 

ABtmklian. 

Herr  Henke  [P.]. 

m.  Ad.  8k. 

Shelley  Coll. 
LordLilford[P.]. 

n,  0.  Ad.  etimm. 

sk. 
P-u.  Ad.  St. 

Fort  Said,  Aug.,  .\pril. 

LftkB  Menaakh, 

J.  W.  H.    Cuning- 

hame  [P.]. 
CaM.  R.  H.  Penton 

Sir  A,  Smith  [P.l 

V.  Juv.  sk. 

Nuar  Sutkim. 

JB.   Juv.  Bk. 

PafStine. 

;r.  Viz  ad.  sk. 

S.Baroody,Dlq.[fc.l. 

y.  6  ad.  Bk. 

River  Ki:*on.  Dec.  (ff  B.  T.). 

Canon  TrurtramrP.]. 

I.  Ad.  Bk. 

India  Mnaeum  [Pi 
Euphrates  Eip.  [0.]. 

a;  b'.  (J  «d.  et  5 

juv.  sk. 
c'.  Ad.  flk. 

MeaopotamiH. 

Sindh,  Feb. 

Hume  OolL 

(f .  J  sd.  sk. 

Larkana,  Jan. 

Hume  Coll. 

e'-f.  <J  2  wl-  «t 

Sambbur,  Sept.,  Jan.,  Feb. 

Hume  Coll. 

juv.sk. 
m'.  Ad.  8k. 

(R.  M.  Adam). 

Delhi. 

Hume  Coll. 

"■■ii„'r" 

Gurgaon,  March  (A.  O. 

H.). 

Hume  Coll. 

p'.  rf  ad.  Bk. 

Bisowa,  Jaipur,  March 
(A.  0.  ±). 

Hume  CoU. 

?■.  Ad.  Bk. 

SecuDderabad. 

r',  »:  Ad.  sk. 

Bheema,  Etawah,  Nov., 

,Dec. 

HumeOoU. 

t'.    Ad.  Bk. 

Mjnpoorie,  Feb. 

Hume  ColL 

«'.  Ad.  sk. 

Major  Yerburj  [PI. 
K.  Cole,  Eaq.  [P.]. 

v.   Ad.Bk. 

Madras. 

w".  Ad.8t, 

De«an  {Sake,). 
Afnam  (MeCieUand). 

:r'.  Jut.  b1(. 

India  MuBeum  [P.]! 

1.  PBxiricorTZRiia.  17 

Kat.  VooekamnA  p.  301  (1891) :   A.  SeKt.  Diet,  of  B.  p.  257 

(pt.  1,  1893), 
Chili  FUmineo,  LatA.  Si/n.  Snppt.  ii.  p.  330  (1801). 
FUmenco,  I/Axara,  ApiaU.  i.  p.  133,  d.  346  (1805) ;  id.  Toy.  {td, 

Sonn.)  iv.  p.  leS  (1809). 
PhcenicopteniH  ruber,  mtL,  VieOL  N.  D.  XXM.  p.  617  (La  Pluta) 

(1817)  ;  Temm.  PI.  CU.,  gatre  Fhcenicoptenia,  sp.  S  (put)   (Hyt. 

71, 1827). 
PhoBoieopWre  du  ChiU,  Turia.  N.  D.  ixv.  p.  620  (1817). 
PhoBnicopteniB  ignipalliatus,  D'Orh.  S[  I.  Oei^r.  St.-SH.  Am.  &. 

Xat.  ivii.  p.  4£4  (Aolt,  1629)  (Buanoa  Ajnw,  Corrientes) ;  BmU. 

Sc.  Nat.  xi%.  p.  Ill  (1829) ;  Lett.  Tr.  d'Onu  p.  689,  n.  3  (1831) ; 

H'Orb.  Mag.  de  Zoot.  183S,  prem.  Tasc.  pi.  2 ;  Iiit,  1834,  p.  1094 ; 

Ltu.  Compl.  de  Buff.,  Oit.  ix.  p.  483  (1837) ;  id.  op.  rit.   2nd  ed. 

p.  703  (1838);   Sartl.    Vert.    Ou.  Mm.  p.  117  (1844);  ?  TicA, 

Arch.f.  yaturg.  1844,  i.  p.  313,  n.  338  (ayn.  emend.) ;  ?  id.  Faun. 

Per.,  Auei,  pp.  63,  304  (1846)  •;  O.  R.  Or.  Oen.  B.  iii.  p.  603, 

n.  4  (nee  pi.  163)  (1846)  ;  Harti.  Ind.  Azar.  Apunt.  p.  22,  d.  346 

(1847) ;  Sibra,  Denktchr.  k.  Ak.  Wiat,  v.  p.  131  (1853)  (N.  ChUi) ; 

id.  J.f.  0.  1856,  p.  57  ;  Licht.  Nomencl.  Av.  p.  90  (1854)  (Chili, 

Colombiftl);   Burnt.   Syit.   Ueb.   Thiere  Brat.  iii.   pp.  430,431 

(1866)  (BmzU) ;  id.  J.  f.  O.  1860,  p.  S66;  tel.  Za  Ptata-Reite,  ii. 

p.  512(1861);  Pelz.  AeUe  Nomra,  Vag.  p.  186(1866)  (Chili); 

Sfiai.  P.  Z.  S.  18(17,  p.  334  (Chili) ;  Srlat.  |-  Sah.  P.  Z.  &  1868, 

L146(Conchita»);  iid.  Ibis,  1868,  p.  139(GregorTBBy);  PM.  ^ 
ndb.  Cat.  Av.  Chil.  p.  279,  n.  169  (1868) ;  G.  R.  Or.  Ibit,  1869, 
p.  442,  pi.  xiv.  f.  4  (head) ;  Pftt.  Om.  Brat.  p.  559  (1871 )  (Braiil !) ; 
Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1871,  p.  627  (ZooL  Card.)  j  G.  R.  Or.  Hand-litt, 
iii.  p.  72,  n.  10547  (1871) ;  Burvx.  P.  Z.  S.  1872,  p.  364 ;  Sdat. 
P.  Z.  S.  1872,  p.  649  (Rio  Negro) ;  &irf.  $  Sals.  Noviencl.  Ac. 
Neolrop.  p.  107,  n.  2  (1873)  ;  Tacx.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  662  (Junio, 
C.  Peru);  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  333  (Upper  AmazouB,  Zool. 
Gard.) ;  Gieb.  Thet.  Om.  iii.  p.  108  (1877) ;  humford,  Ibit,  1877, 
p.  41  (Ohuput,  PatftgoniB) ;  Taet.  P.  Z.  S.  1877,  p.  330  (Tiimbez) ; 
Dumf.  Ibu,  1878,  p.  400  (Centr.  Patac.) ;  Otbton,  Ibit,  1880, 
p.  166  (Cape  San  Antonio,  Buenos  Ayroa);  Salv.  Oit.  B.  Stridcl. 
Coll.  p.  627  (1882)  ;  Selat.  Litt  Vert.  An.  8th  ed.  p.  413  (1883) ; 
Barrows,  Attk,  1884,  p.  272  (Pampa*) ;  Taas.  Om.  Ptr.  iii.  p.  423 
(1886)  i  Berl.  J.f.O.  1887,  p.  133  (Paraguay  P) ;  Rahtaer,  J.f.  O. 
1887,  tab,  ii.  f.  2  (head) ;  PMipoi,  Omit,  ir.  p.  160  (Antofagaats) 
(1888)  i  Burta.  Anal.  Mm.  iiac.  Bueitot  Airm,  iii.  p.  247 
(1888) ;  Parkrr,  Ibit,  1889,  p.  183,  ff.  1,  2,  in  p.  184  (oateol.  of 
the  manus) ;  Selat.  Argent,  dm.  ii.  p.  117  (1889)  ;  Trittr.  Cot. 
Coll.  B.  p.  62  (1889) ;  Sclal.  Ibit,  1890,  p.  81  (aquintocubitAl), 
p.  i2.')  (Argentina);  Oust.  Mite.  Sc.  Cap  Horn.  Oi-i.  p..S08  (18H1I ; 
Frenz.J.f.  O.  1891,  p.  1^4  (Cnrdoba) ;  iW/anrf, /fiw,  I»93,p.aOe 
(Argenlina) ;  Btrk.  James,  New  List  Chil.  B.  p.  9,  d.  14  (1882) ; 
Apiin,  Ibii,  1894,  p.  109  (Uruguay). 

Similar  to  P.  roteus,  but  amallor,  tinged  with  ll 
the  lower  part  of  the  nock  and  breast ;  win^  E 
black  apical  portion  of  the  bill  is  more  ex 
the  bend :    "  the  base  of  the  bill   is  not  r 
lege  greenish   grey,  vitb  darker  reddish  urtlnti 


18  .PHCmOOFTEBIIIX. 

{Jiurmeisier).  Total  length  about  42  inches,  wing  16,  tail  6, 
culmen  5,  tarHOS  9*5,  bare  portion  ot  tibia  6. 

Ttmng.  Head  and  neck  dull  whitish,  greyish  ronnd  the  eyes  and 
•n  the  neck  ;  lover  parts  white;  feathers  ot  the  breast  with  mesial 
brown  streaks ;  back  and  scapnlara  pale  brown,  the  edges  of  the 
feetbers  whitish  ;  romp  and  upper  tail-coverts  white,  some  brown 
streaks  on  the  nimp  ;  upper  wing-coFerts  brown  with  paler  edges, 
the  smaller  ones  washed  with  rosy ;  primary-coverte  brown,  with 
the  base  rosy ;  quills  brown-black  ;  tail  white :  "  legs  yellowish, 
with  blnieh-red  articulations  "  {Barmei»ter). 

Hah.  Southern  part  of  South  America,  north  on  the  east  to 
Uruguay  and  Brazil  (?),  on  the  west  to  Chili  and  C.  Pern. 

a.  Ad.  si  Chili.  T.  0.  Bridge^  Esq.  [C.]. 

I.  Ad.  sk.  Chili.  Purchased. 

9.    ij  yis  ad.  ek.  Chili.  Purchased. 

d.  iw.  sk.  Chuput,  Patagonia.  H.  Durnford,  Esq.  [P.]. 


2.  FH(EmCOVAUS.  __ 

Type. 
Phceniconaias  (eubgen.),  G.  R.  Gr.  Ibii,  1869,  p.  442  F.  minor 

Range.  Southern  part  of  Africa,  north  as  far  as  Senegal  (?)  on  the 
West,  and  Abyssinia  on  the  east;  North-western  India  in  winter. 


1.  PhcEmiconAias  minor. 

?  Le  Flamant,  F.  CaueAe,  JCelat.  vtrit.  et  Cur.  de  /*/•&  de  MaAag. 

n.  130(1661)  (MiidnpnwarJ. 
f  Sambe,  f/iKwiH-i,  Ht»t.  de  Madag.  p.  1(«  (1601), 


2.  PHCBiricoirAiAS.  19 

p.  231  (Delhi) ;  Hutney  ibid.  p.  855 ;  O.JL  Gr.  Jhisy  1869,  pp.  440, 
442,  pi.  XV.  f.  8  (head) ;  Finsch  u.  HarU.  Vog,  Ost-Afr.  p.  798 
(1870) ;  Boc,  Jam,  Acad,  Sc,  Lisb.  1871,  p.  277  (Mossamedes) , 
Anderss.  B,  Damara  Land,  p.  333  (1872) ;  Hume,  Sir,  Feath.  i. 
p.  31  (1872)  (India)  ;  Adam,  ibid.  p.  400  (1873)  (Sambhur  Lake); 
HeuffL  Om,  N.O.-Afr.  ii.  2,  p.  1272  (1873);  Reynaud,  Tr.  R, 
Soc,  Maur.  viii.  p.  4  (1873) ;  Adam,  Str.  Feath,  ii.  p.  339  (1874) 
(Sambhur  Lake) ;  Hume,  Str.  Feath,  iv,  p.  26  (1876)  (N.  Guzerat, 
Sindh) ;  Bocage,  J./,  O.  1876,  p.  295;  Butl,  Str,  Feath.  v.  p.  234 
(1872)  (N.  Guzerat)  ;  Gieb,  Thee.  Om.  iii.  p.  109  (1877) ;  Rchnw. 
J.f,  O,  1877,  p.  228  (part);  Hume,  Str.  Feath.  viii.  p.  114, 
n.  944  bis  (1879) ;  Butl,  Str.  Feath.  ix.  p.  436  (1880)  (Deccan) ; 
Legge,  B,  Ceghn,ja,  1093  (1880)  (N.W.  India) ;  Bocage,  Om.  Aug, 
p.  490  (1881) ;  Milne-Edw.  ^  Grand.  Ois,  Madag,  p.  612,  pis.  262, 
263  (osteoloffj)  (1882);  Sharpe,  Lauard'i  B.  S.  Afr.  p.  746 
(1884) ;  Fischer,  Zeitschr.  gee,  Om,  1884,  p.  393  (Massailand) ; 
Salvad,  Ann.  Mus.  Civ.  Gen.  (2)  i.  p.  233  (1884)  (Shoa) ;  Fiecher, 
J,f,  O,  1886,  p.  118  (Lamu,  Nguruman) ;  Hume,  Str.  Feath,  x. 
p.  613  (1887)  (not  breeding  in  India);  Matechie,  J.f.  O,  1887, 
p.  146  (Morungu) ;  Salvad.  Ann.  Mus.  Civ.  Gen.  (2)  vi.  p.  318 
(Shoa)  (1888) ;  Tristr.  Cat.  Coll.  B.  p.  62  (1889)  (Cape,  Natal) ; 
Hartert,  Eat.   Vogelsammi,  p.  204  (1891)  (Gape  and  Ked  Sea) ; 

A.  Newt,  Diet  o/B.  p.  257  (pt  1, 1893). 

Phoenicopterus  parvus,  Vieill.  Analyse,  p.  69  (1816)  (Africa) ;  Steph, 
Gen,  Zool,  xii.  1,  p.  188  (1824)  ;  less,  Man,  ctOm,  ii.  p.  244 
(1828) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  List  B,  Brit,  Mus,  iii.  p.  125  (1844) ;  id.  Gen. 

B.  iii.  p.  603,  n.  5  (1846) ;  Hartl.  J.  f.  O.  1854,  p.  302  (Sene- 
gambia,  Guinea,  Damaraland) ;  Bp.  Compt.  Rena.  xL  p.  724, 
n.  145  (1855) ;  Kirk,  Ibis.  1864,  p.  335  (Zambesi) ;  Schleg.  Dierent. 
p.  280,  fig.  in  p.  279  (1864) ;  id.  Mus.  P.-B.  Anseres,  p.  116 
(1866) ;  Dub.  Bull.  Mus.  Roy.  WH.  N.  de  Belg.  iv.  p.  149,  n.  188 
(1886)  (Tanganyika). 

Phoenicopterus  capensis.  Smith,  Deser.  of  New  or  imperf.  known 
Objects  of  the  An.  Kingd.  found  in  the  South  of  Afr.  no.  4  (Ist 
Nov.  1828). 

Flamiiuro  (nov.  sp.),  Smith,  Afr,  Glen,  13th  ed.  p.  25,  no.  219  (Gape) 

flammant,  Sganzin,  Notes  sur  les  Mamm.  et  sur  TOm.  de  Madag, 
p.  47  (M^m.  Soe.  Hist,  Nat,  de  Strasb.  iii.  1840). 

Phoenicopterus  antiquorum,  Hartl,  (nee  Temm,),  Zeitschr.  f.  Zool. 
u,  Anat,  1848,  p.  159,  n.  106  (Madagascar) ;  id.  Ann,  ^  Mag. 
N  H.  ii.  p.  393  (1848)  (Madagascar). 

Smaller  Indian  Flamingo,  Blyth,  Oat.  B.  Mus,  A.  S,  B.  p.  299  (1849). 

Phoenicopterus  bljthi,  Bp.  Consp,  Gen,  Av,  iL  p.  146,  n.  4  (r) 
(1856)  {ex  Blyth) ;  t^.  Compt,  Rend.  xl.  p.  274,  n.  143  (1866), 
xliii.  p.  992  (=roseus,  PaU.  ?)  (1866) ;  Blyth,  Ibis,  1867,  p.  174. 

Phoenicopterus  erythrseus,  Hartl.  (nee  Verr.)  J.  f,  O.  1860,  p.  173 
(Madagascar) ;  id,  Om.  Beitr.  z.  Faun.  Madag,  p.  81  (1861) ;  ?  id. 
J,  f.  O.  1801,  p.  272  (Danakil  and  SomaU  Coast) ;  J.  Verr,  in 
MaiU.  Notes,  Annexe,  p.  3  (1863) ;  Pollen,  N.  T.  £>.  l  p.  326 
(1863);  Co^r.BulL  Soe.  Acd.  de  la  R^n,  ii.  p.  22  (1864); 
Kerr,  in  Vinson^ s  Toy,  d  Madag,,  Ann.  B,  p.  4  (1865) ;  Grand. 
Rev.  et  Mag,  de  Zool.  1868  j).  5  (Madagascar) ;  P  Sperl,  Ibis,  1868, 
p.  292  (Mosambic  flats) ;  Finsch  u,  Hartl.  Vog.  Ost-Afr.  p.  795 
(part.)  (1870) ;  Hartl.  Vog.  Madag.  p.  238  (1877) ;  Slbree,  Bis, 
1892,  p.  117  (Madagascar). 

o2 


20  SBtKnconxtaitM. 

FhcEniooptenu,  ip.,  B.  Xetet.  IbU,  1863,    p.  4S9  (Madagucar); 

SchUg.  4-  PM.  Bieh.  Fmm.  Medaff.u.  p.  114  (imS). 
PhmnieopteruB  roseua,  part,  Jerd.  B.  iff  Ind.  iii.  p.  775,  n.  944 

(1864)  (iDdift). 
P}i(emcopleliU  nibiduB,  Fetid.  Ibit,  1866,  p.  496  {Secondenbad} ; 
Jerd.  Ibii,  16e9,p.  230(=miiior);  Hume,  ibid,  v- S66  {>=miDoi)i 
A.  Kent  ibid,  (note,  different  from  mmor) ;  Q.  S.  Gr.  Ibit,  186U, 
pp.  44U,  442,  pi.  xiii.  f .  3  (bead) ;  Blanf.  Ibit,  1873,  p.  220 ;  Gifb. 
Thei.  Om.  iii.  p.  109  (1877) ;  Triitr.  Cat.  CoU.  B.  p.  52  (1880)  i 
A.  Ntnet.  Bid.  of  B.  p.  257  (pt.  1, 1893). 
Phcemcopterua  (FhcenicoDsias)  minor,  O.  if.  Or,  Ibit,  1809,  p.  442 ; 

id.  Hand-ttrf,  uT  p.  72,  n.  10549  (1871). 

FhcenicopteruB  (PhceniconaiaB)  rubidue,  (?.  B.  Or.  Ibi$,  1860,  p.  442 ; 

id.  Strnd-Utt,  iii.  p.  72,  n.  10548  (1871). 

Adult  male,  Qeneral  plDmBRe  pick;  loond  the  base  of  the  bill 

the  feathers  are  tinged  vitb  crimBon  ;  in  very  old  birds  the  feathers 

of  the  back  and  breast  have  mesial  crimson  streaks  ;  also  some  of 

the    longer  scapulars   are  crimson ;    median   wing-coverts  bright 

crimson,  edged  with  pink-white ;  greater  wing-coverts,  primar)*- 

eoverts,  and  marginal  under  wing-coverts  rosy ;  axillaries  crimson ; 

quills   and  greater  under  wing-coverts  block ;    under  tail-corerte 

tinged  with  crimson  towards  the  tip  and  edged  with  rosy ;  tail 

rosy,  brighter  on  the  outer  web  of  tbe  feathers ;  "  iris  red  minium  ; 

bill   dark   lake-red    [with  the  tip   black] ;  feet  red "    (Antinon), 

Total  length  about  36   inches,  wing  13*25,   tail  6,  oulmen  4, 

tarsus  8'75-7*6. 

FemaU.  Similar  to  the  male,  but  less  bright,  and  without  the 
crimson  mesial  stripes  on  the  back,  breast,  and  scapulars. 

Young  inmotdtinff  dress.  Palor  than  tbe  odolte ;  general  plumage 
pale  rosy  white ;  wing-ooverts  pink  :  "  iria  red  or  yellow  ;  bill  lake- 
red  ;   feel  roay  or  corul-red  "  {Aiitinori). 

Toung  in  first  pluinarft.  Whitish,  with  n  slight  rosy  tinge ;  Deck 


3.  PHOOaOOPAKBUB.  21 

3.  FH(EVICOPARBnS. 

Type. 
Phnmeopftrnis,  B/i.  Cbmpt.  Rend,  zliii.  p.  992  (ld56)  . .     P.  andinus. 
LtpooentniSy  Stmdeo.  Metk,  nat,  Av.  dUp.  Temt,  p.  145 

(1872) P.andinus. 

Phoenicopazra,  SUfm.  Stand,  Nat.  Sitt.  ir.  Birds,  p.  151 

(1885). 

Bmmge,  Andes  of  Pern  and  Cliili. 

Key  to  the  Specift, 

c  Ltr^r:  wiag  aboat  18  inckes,  culmen  4*6;  ander 
tail-coverts  much  longer  than  the  tail ;  tertials 
black    amdintu,  p.  21. 

A.  Smaller:  wing  about  1675  inches,  culmen  3*4;  tertials 

bright  I06J jamesif  p.  22. 

1.  PhoBnicopamifl  aadinns. 

Parrina  of  tke  Chilians,  PkHippi,  AnaL  Unh.  de  (Me,  Aug.  1854, 
p.  337;  tli^  Wiegm.  Arch,  1855,  L  p.  10. 

Phoenicopterus  andinus,  Pkiiippi,  Anal,  Univ,  de  Ckiie*  Aug.  1854, 
p.  337;  id,  Wtegm,  Arch,  1855,  L  p.  12;  Cass.  U.S.  Astnm. 
Exped,  ii.  p.  198  (1856);  Phaip,n,  Beise  d  die  Waste  Ataeama, 
p.  164,  ZooL  tt.  iv.,  v.  f.  a  (head)  (1860) ;  id.  Ibis,  1861,  p.  199; 
Selat,  P.  Z,  S.  1867,  pp.  334,  339  (part) ;  Phil.  ^  Landk,  Cat. 
Aves  CM.  n.  170  {An,  Univ.  Chile,  1868,  p.  279) ;  Burm.  P.  Z.  S. 
1872,  pu  364  (E.  valleys  of  Cordilleras) ;  Sclat.  ^  Salv,  NomencL 
Av,  Neotrop.  p.  127,  n.  4  (1873) ;  Leyb.  Ercurs.  Pamp.  Argent, 
(cf.  J.f.  0. 1875,  p.  444)  ;  Bchnw.  J.  f,  0. 1877,  p.  229  (part) ;  Oieb, 
thes.  Om,  iii.  p.  108  (part)  (1877) ;  PhilippC  Arch,  f,  Naturg, 
xlv.  1,  p.  160  (e^)  (1879) ;  Selat,  P.  Z.  S.  1886,  p.  399,  cut  of  the 
head,  p.  400,  f.2;  Bahtner,  J.f.  O.  1887,  p.  160,  tab.  ii.  f.  3 
(head) ;  PhUippi,  Omis,  iv.  p.  160  (Antofagasta)  (1888) ;  Cab. 
J.f.  0.  1889,  p.  76;  ScUit.  Argent.  Om.  ii.  p.  119  (1889);  id. 
P.  Z.  8.  1891,  p.  136  (Tarapaca) ;  Frem.  J.  f.  O.  1891,  p.  125 
(Cordoba) ;  Berk.  James,  New  List  Chil.  B.  ^9,  jl  141  (1892) ; 

A.  Newt.  Diet,  of  B.  p.  257  (pt  1, 1893). 

Phcenicoparrus  andinus,  Bp.  Compt.  Bend  xliii.  p.  992  (1850) ;  O. 

B.  Gr.  Band-list,  iii.  p.  73,  n.  10551  (1871) ;  Oigl.  Viagg.  Magenta, 
p.  903  (1876). 

Lipocentrus  andinus,  Sunden.  Meth.  not.  Av.  disp.  Tent.  p.  145  (1872). 
Phcenicoparra andinus, <S^^.iS{arui.  Nat.  Hist.  iv.  Birds,^.  154(1885). 

AduU  male.  Head  and  neck  pink,  whiter  in  front  of  tho  head ;  back 
white,  tinged  with  pink ;  lower  parts  pale  rosy,  tho  feathers  of  the 
breast  brighter,  with  the  edges  nearly  white ;  wing-coverts  bright 
pink,  with  the  edges  paler ;  quills,  including  tertials,  black  ;  axil- 
laries  bright  pink  ;  under  tail-coverts  bright  rose-colour,  much  longer 
tlian  the  tail :  "  iris  very  dark  brown  ;  feet  whitish  yellow  ;  beak, 
fore  part  black,  hind  part  whitish  yellow;  between  the  nostrils 
brick-red ;  lowest  hinder  part  of  lower  mandible  and  a  small  spot 
before  the  eyes  violet "  (Rahmer),  Total  length  about  48  inches, 
wing  about  18,  tail  7,  culmen  (in  a  straight  line)  4*6,  tarsuA  10*3. 

FemaU.  Similar,  but  somewhat  paler  and  smaller. 


ThiB  is  ihe  loi^est  of  all  the  FlaminKoeB,  uid  lias  the  largest  and 
stroDgeat  bill. 

H^.  Andes  of  Chili  and  easteni  valleys  of  the  CordiUerea. 
a.  Ad.  sk.                 Chili. 

A.  $  ad.  Hk.               Hwwco,  N.  Chili,  Feb.  H.  Berkdej  James,  Esq. 

(Rahmtr).  [T.]. 

(>-«.  cf  2  ad.  ak.        N.  Oancosa,  Chili  (Jan.,  H.  Berkelev  James,  Esq. 

April).  [P.]. 

2.  Pkenicopamu  JRmen. 

FlamingOM  with  red  bresat,  Bollaert,  Pr.  Rou.  Gtogr.  Soe.  of  London. 

xxi.(36  April,1851J,p.l20(LakeofParmas);  Pt(%7i',  WieifnC 

Arch.  185o,  i.  p.  13. 
Phcenicoptenis  sndiDus,  pert,  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  3S4  (Tarspacfi) ; 

O.  R.  Or.  {nee  PAH.)  Ibw,  1869,  pp.  441,  448,  pi.  iy.  ffi  9,  W 

(head  of  BoUaert's  epecimen*);  ifcAnto.  J.  /.  O.  1877,  p.  2S9 

(part)i  Gieb.  Thei.   Om.  iii.  p.  108  (part.)  (1877)  j  P  Tacx.  (nee 

PhiL)   Om.  Pir.  iii.  p.  423  (BoUaert's  specim.)  (Parinacocba, 

PeruTian  Andes)  (188f!). 
PbcBDicoptaruB  jomesi,  Bahmer,  m  IM.;   Sdat.  P.  Z.  8.  1886, 

p.  399,  pi.  xxivi.  and  cut  of  head,  f.  3  on  p.  400  (TarapacA) ; 

Jiahmtr,  J.f.  0.  1887,  p.  160t,  tab.  ii.  f.  1  (head);  Cab.  J.f.  0. 

1889,  p.  76  i  &W.  Arffe^.  Om.  ii.  p.  117  (1889) ;  id.  P.  Z.  S. 

1891,  p.  132  i  Berk.  Jama,  New  Lot  Chil.  B.  p.  9,  n.  142  (1892): 

Sdat.  Ihu,  1893,  p.  164. 
Adult  male.  "  White  ;  head,  upper  part  of  the  neck,  and  iringa 
tinged  with  rosy ;  tip  of  the  feathers  of  the  nape,  upper  part  of 
back,  and  of  the  breast,  scapnlars,  longer  inner  seoond&riea  or 
tertiaJs,  and  axillariee  of  a  rose-blood  colour ;  qnilla  black  ;  feet  red ; 
base  of  the  bill  yellow,  apical  portion  black ;  naked  lores  fleeh- 
colonr;  hind  toe  wanting.  Total  length  about  36  inohee,  wing  16, 
■   '■  -  ".,  tarsUB  6."  {SchiUr.)  t 


23 


Saborder  lU.  ANSERES. 


He  JLsiKm.  ake  ?&e  JLtaia^aes,  hxt^JsmdaaiUd  prweti  on  the 
zSa.  a  Tsn^nl  aue  saec  :2ie  ancmor  toes  faLj  weooe^  md  tne 
■wyTw  ^  tjb&  ad  Lrin-Har<»ii :  bos  ire  to  be  dacinyiiahoi  by  :ii« 
bMpCerjzcid  prciseaau  b«£Z2' pLiced  M  £tr  £>^^ 
tbe  dzsoB  VJTiT  ahi:v£  rbelecztic  of  tise  fienuir.  recienilated  yadad  vA 
LT  ia.  fnoc  :  zh^  ^Sfr^rsm  &ja  a  pair  of  arxeaes  •xi  die  pr.«t«r»r 
bm  in  Kcne  af  the  Fmiitfm&Me  and  is.  die  Mujimw  the  skicdies 
aze«aiLT«r^fidi2:«} 'voixixipiecefeiieicne.  Tbecouneia  large,  deshy, 
vidk  tile  wanr^.a  ^dooued.  Tbe  bCl  -sf  tbe  Aaaens  is  ^eaenHj 
bcqad  axid  moR  •»  Leae  iattwigd :  in  the  Mayimw  tnd  fame  of  toe 
^m^i&bF  aarra V  and  aiore  -ir  Leai  ^aper^  za  a  pcin; :  aH  bare  a 
£Kmet  aau  ac  die  da  ar  die  tipper  matunhlt^  Tbe  maks  are 
fmrwiKHi  vidi  a  larze  ioiral  ^enia.  Xber  ire  mnnngaiiuMiB.  Tbeir 
aeK  is  a  rqiign  ^onacncsioa.  varmiaLT  sisiafied;  die  «;gi  tre 
BSiDiarKx^  'jpamy  boill  or  zreeniaiL  wbxte.  or  pare  vbxfia.  Tbe 
yoons:  ars  in  a^  die  C^mammym^,  ire  <»>vend  wish  dfl^ra  wben 
harjiitfd.  ind  ihie  za  nn  or  svim  is  oace. 


<Jiie  IhrniT?  uiIt. 


FamilT  I.  AXATIDi 


Hisd  joe  ant  jolxd. 

k^Bcer  :ian  :iie  bodT  .' L  CT^TTSM,  p.  it 

y .  F«f  J  iiii[wiiiiiiiii :  bxzsd  ism  iw» 

L  'die  Ame  Jrrei  witk  di^  ji  44. 

ma i  ASSF.^A SA  TLWE, 


• 


Hlsd    toe    rarfirr    jmg -.    ^ail- 


3oi2zideii  s  die  :2p : 

T  zicaaf    '  . .     -i 


OFTZRI^'  E. 


21 


iB&nDA 


if".  Hind  toe  modentte  ;tail-fe&thera 
rather  abort;  uppei  ^arta  nut 
gloBsy ;  DO  metolbc  wia^-flpocu- 
fun  ;  bill  rather  thick  and  high 
itt  base, 
d*.    Cere  of  the  Inll  mneh  do- 

wJoped 4.  CSREOPSIN^,  p.  79. 

e*.  No  cere  on  the  hill 6.  ANS2UiI!fj£,f.81. 

6.  Hind  toe  Ter^  narruvlj  lobed ;  nnialljr 

with  metallic  colours  or  speculum  on 

the  wings;  the  htrynx  with  a  bulla 

OBMft  in  inaiei.  [p.  128. 

c".  BiU  rather  short  and  goose-lilra  ....     6.  CHESONETTINjE, 
iT.  BiU  rather  flat  and  broad 7.  ANATINjE,  p.  l^. 

e.  Hind  toe  hroadlv  lobed. 
t'.  BiU  more  or  InM  deprenaed. 
«  .  Tail-feathers  normal,  not  particn-  [p.  SSO. 

iarlystiff  a  FULIOVLINM, 

f'.  Tail-feathers    narrow    and    verr 

stiff 8.  ERISMATURIN^ 

f.  BiU  more  or  lasa  compressed,  never  [p.  420. 

decidedly  deoressed. 
g''.  Tail  rather  long  and  sUff;  no  tooth- 
like serrations  on  the  edges  of  the  [p.  454. 

mandibles 10.  MERaANETTliiM, 

h".  Tul  moderately  long,  not  particu- 
lariysiiiri  lowermnndible  without 
trace  of  lamellie  along  the  sides, 
but  with  a  series  of  distinct  tooth- 
like serrations  along  the  upper 
edge,  as  on  the  edges  of  the  upper 
mandible  11.  JtfiiiGJiV^,  p.  403. 


L  OT0VIII,  2S 


C^imna.  Adbt  Oni.  Tdadicfift.  iL  p.  404  (note) 

(IflOS^   Color. 

OIoz;  WagL  Imty  1832,  p.  1234 C.  muBunui. 

Cjami.   Temam.  Mem,  cTOm.  2iid  ecL  It.  a  520 

(IftIO). 
Stfaeneiiu,  'SfeTMy,  iV.  ^.^9.  Ta&  Jfiu.  ▼.  p.  Idff 

1 18^)    C.  mftkneoryphitt. 

gHMHiriidwi,  3Ujmg.  KmgwL  Stand.  Jftd.  3uL  w, 

pu  143  (ISBo)  ( sdtheneiiu). 

Bmmg9,  yoithflm  hemisphere  azid  7eatnipical  leipoiL. 

&  ZTo  knob  it  the  hHe  of  the  <!Tii2iiea :  di»  txaebem 
■gmmua  due^farma  ^tetm,  -whiek  U  hoilnw. 
1^.  Hani  TBTt  if  ±e  biE  and  lanm  iDon  or  li 

'<"    BliieiE  uaeai  pnrciaK  -yf  di»  >all 

raUr  torn  not  rtxXKod  AbnTR^  rhft  nnMnU. 

a>    "^s-  m»:    .Amr.    loiaMn    V:!<) 

InetuB    . ' .' mmmmm.  i.  2A. 

'iT.  3acK  .wxeai  icMtioiL  nf 'Si»'<sil -^ctPtuui 

*n  -hit-  2SQi*-r  tfuiUir.  ^oisaptt 

"S*^  incSM  -jiinpiiinK.  T.  ^- 

y    ^B■^7PtIow  vionr  ^f  -h*  -ail  ?nntbiMt  -« 

^rJ)  *Be!ua  vtmmimtmmm.   *,   fii. 

d^  Tae&ff*    Jilt   'VBATTZur    tu^   -attum.  4t*rRu 


>t.-URt{Ar    A«r- ^lLp.-«»*n«  .vwmU*     ^JJd:..    .1 


■  ■■M       ■■ll|f        «ta*       '       ..  .A?^  -fa  Zm**     .  '     .',      '        ^"     .,.?{. 

ir  iiiMwiiiHwt    i—rrr   ,«i^M;tf     /    i^A     ^«     ^'i'     ?:•     «/    ..    <*£ 


1.  Cy^u  miuUai. 

Wild  Swan,  Edw.  Bird*,  ii.  pi.  IfiO  (1743) ;  ElUt,  Pha.  Tram.  Ivi. 

p.  31S,  t.  X.  ff.  I,  2  (tiochM)  (1760) ;  Dmy,  P.  Z.  S.  1819,  p.  W 

(aorta). 
Qrgnus  fenifl,  Britt.  Om.  vj,  p.  2ft2,  pi.  xzriii.  (1760) ;  Salens,  Ortt. 

ou  Tr.  d.  Ou.  p.  405  (1767)  ;  FaU.  8v.  VtleTuk.-Akad.  Randi.  xl. 

p.  27  (note)  (1779)  •. 
Anu  ejpma,  part.,  Linn.  8.N.\.f.  194,  n.  1  (1766) ;   Om.  8.  N.  i 

2,  p.  601,  a.  1  (^1788) ;  Latk.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  893,  n.  1  (1790) ; 

id.  Tr.Lmn.&x.h.  p.  106,  tab.  xiii.  ff.l,S(tnchMandBteii)U)n) 

(1790) ;  Temm.  Man.  iOm.  ii.  p.  828  (1920). 
Aniw  cjwnufl  a,  linn.  I  e,  (1766), 

Cigno  Mdvatico,  (iermi,  Star.  degU  Ute.  v.  t.  654  (1776). 
Cjgne  eauvBge,  Buff.  Hist.  Sat.  Ou.  ii.  p.  20  (1783). 
Whistlicg  Swan,  Lath.  Oen.  &/n.  iii.  2,  p.  433  (1786) ;  Coolie,  Letter 

on  the  Wild  iSuwi,  pp.  1-11,  pU.  1,  2  (1823). 
Anas  cygnue  (ferua),  Lath.  Syn.  Sufpl.  i.  p.  297  (1787). 
Anaer  cygnua,  part.,  Bonn.  Eho.  MtUi.  i  p.  107,  n.  1  (1790). 
Cjcnus  canonis,  Humboldt,  See,  d'Obietv.  de  Zool.  et  £AnaL  Camp, 

p.  5  (1806J  (nomea  nudum). 
Gjgnua  muBicus,  Bedut.  Qemeam.  Natwg.  V6g.  DetOiehL  iiL  p.  830, 

t  86  (1809) ;  BreAm,  ItU,  1830,  p.  996 ;  td.  Bandb.  Vog.  DadtcU. 

p,  831  (1831) ;   Bp.  Comp.  Lilt,  p.  56,  n.  394  (1838) ;  Eiipp.  Slut. 

Senckenb.  iii.  p.  6  (1839) ;  K.  ^  B.  WiH>elth.  Eur.  pp.  Ixuu,  222 

(1840)  ;  Bp.  Cat.  Met.  Ucc.  Eur.  p.  69,  n.  413  (1842) ;  MacgiU. 

Man.  ii.  p.  168  [1842) ;  ScUeg.  Ret.  Crit.  p.  cxii  (1844) ;  Hartl. 

Suit.  Ver*.  Get.  Mtu.  p.  118  (1844) ;  Temm.  ^  Schiy.  Fatm.  J^., 

Aoe»,   p.   126   (1860)1    Midd.   Sihir.   Beit.  ii.   2,  p.  224    (1853) 

(Taimjr  R.,  Bogauida,  Scbantar  Isl.) ;  Waltengr.  Saumanaia,  1854, 

p.  266  (Scaudinitvia) ;  Licht.  Nnmencl.  Ab.  p.  101  (1854)  ;  Brthm, 

A'oumanma,  1855,  p.  296  (1865)  ;  Bet^l.  I&U.  (7e6.  p.  66  (185(1) ; 

Schrenck,  Vog.  d.  Amurl.  p.  456  (I860) ;  Fomy;  Ibit,  1860,  p.  351 

(Ionian  Isl.) ;  P  SimpKm,  Oit,  1861,  p.  366  (Dobrudscba) ;  Sainh. 


li  creNiTs*  27 

P.  Z.  8.  1871,  p.  416  (Shanghai)  ;  Sound.  Ihis,  ISH,  p.  896  (S. 
Spain)  ;  Nathus.  J.  f.  0. 1871,  p.  266  (egg) ;  Heugl  Ibis,  1872, 
p.  63  (Novaja  Semlia) ;  SheU.  B,  Effypt,  p.  279  (1872) ;  Brooke^ 
Ibis,  1878,  p.  842  (Sardinia)  ;  Severta,  Turk.  Jevotn.  p.  70  (1873) ; 
Dyb.  J.f.  0. 1878,  p.  108, 1874,  p.  336 ;  Danf.  ^  Harme-Broum^ 
Ibis,  1876,  p.  428  (Transylvania) ;  Swinh.  Ibis,  1876,  p.  466 
(Hakodadi) ;  Gigl.  Viayg.  Magenta,  p.  602  (Wusung)  (1876) ; 
Dress.  Ibis,  1876,  p.  416 ;  Seebh.  <J-  Harvie-Brovm,  ibid.  p.  437 
(Lower  Petchora) ;  Finsch,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  69 ;  Tacz.  Bull,  Soc. 
Zool.  Fr.  iL  p.  44  (1877) ;  id.  Om.  Faun.  Vost.  Sibir.  p.  68  (1877)  ; 
Prjeo.  Bowl.  Om.  Misc.  iii.  p.  98  (Mongolia)  (1878) ;  Blakist.  ^ 
Fryer,  Ibis,  1878,  p.  211 ;  Seebh.  Ibis,  1879,  p.  167  (Siberia) ; 
Finsch,   Verh.  z.-b.  Qes.   Wien,  1879,  p.  266 ;  Dress.  B.  Eur.  vi. 

5.  433,  pi.  419.  f.  4  (head)  (1880)  ;  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  606 ; 
lume  ^  Marsh.  Oame-B.  iii.  p.  4  (India  ?)  (1880) ;  Blak.  $  Fryer ^ 

Tr.  As.  Soe.  Jap.  viii.  p.  182  (1880),  x.  1,  p.  94  (1882);  Gigl. 

Ibis,  1881,  p.  218 ;   Seebh.  Ibis,  1882,  p.  227  (Astrakan)  p.  386 

(Archangel);  Bchnw.  Om.  Ceniralbl.  1882,  p.  89;   id.   Vog.  zool, 

Gdrt.  p.  70  (1882) ;  Coues,  Checklist,  2nd  ed. p.  Ill,  n.  690  (1882) ; 

Blakist.  Chrysanth.  1883,  p.  26;  Seebohm,  Ibis,  1888,  p.  33  (Cau- 
casus) ;   B.  O.  iJ.  List  Br.  B.  p.  120  (1883) ;  Sclat.  List  Vert.  An. 

8th  ed.  p.  423  (1883);    Tacz.  BuU.  Soc.  Zool.  Fr.  1888,  p.  343; 

Badde,  Om.  Caucas.^.  447  (1884) ;  Blakist.  Amend.  List  B.  Jap. 

pp.  8,  28  (1844) ;    Tristr.  Faun.  ^  Flor.  Palest,  p.  114  (1884) ; 

Sound.  YarrelCs  Hist.  Br.  B.  iv.  p.  308  (1884-86) ;  Seebh.  Hist.  Br. 

B.  iii.  p.  408,  pi.  67  (effg)  (1886) ;  Clarke  ^  Backh.  Ibis,  1886,  p.  371 

(Iceland)  ;    Stmdev.  Ibis,  1886,  p.  408  (osteol.) ;  Severtz.  Zextschr. 

ges.  Om.  1887,  p.  22 ;  Harting,  Zoolog.  1887,  p.  266  (Iceland) ; 

Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1888,  p.  460  (Corea) ;  Tristr.  Cat.  Coll.  B.  p.  61 

(1889) ;  Seebh,  B.  Jap.  Emp.  p.  234  (1890) ;  Bchnw,  J.f.  O.  1890, 

p.  80;  ?Lydekk.  Cat.  Foss.  B.  p.  107  (1891)  ;  Styan,  Ibis,  1891, 

pp.  828, 494;  Sharpe,  Cat.  Ost,  Spec.  CoU.  Surg,  iii.  p.  294  (1891) ; 

SeM.  Ibis,  1802,  p.  26  (Heligoland) ;    Campbell,  ibid.  p.  245 

(Corea). 
Cygnus  melanorhvnchus,  Meyer,  Taschenb.  deutsch.  Vogdk.  ii.  p.  498, 

with  pi.  (1810)";  Dum.  Diet.  Sc.  Nat.  xii.  p.  810  (1818) ;  Naum. 

Wiegm.  ArtA.  1837,  i.  p.  104  (Hungary). 
Cygnus  ferns.  Leach,  Syst.  Cat.  M.  ^  B.  Br.  Mus.  p.  37  (1816) 

(nee  Bartram,  1791) ;   Vieill.  N.  D.  ix.  p.  39  (1817) ;  Steph.  Gen. 

Zool.  xii.  2,  p.  10  (1824) ;  Flem.  Br.  Anim.  p.  126  (1828)  ;  Yarr. 

Tr.  lAwn.  Soc.  xvL  2,  p.  463  (1830) ;   Less.  Tr.  dOm.  p.  629 

(1881) ;   Benn.  Gard.  ^  Menag.  Zool.  Soc.,  Birds,  p.  171  (1831) ; 

MSnitr.  Cat.  Pais.  Cauc  p.  66,  n.  192(Bakou)  (1832) ;  Gould,  B. 

Eur.^l.  366  (1837) ;  Less.  ConuU.  de  Buf..  Ois.  ix.  p.  627  (1837) ; 

id.  op.  cit.  2nd  ed.  p.  718  ( 1838) ;  Bhmv.  Gmpt.  Bend.  vii.  p.  1024 

(1838);  Naum.  Wiegm.  Arch.  1838,  i.  pp.  861,  866^  Ttf.  vij«  f  \ 

{a,  b,c,d);  Eyton,  Mon.  Anat.  p.  lOl,  pL  6  (tkelf*^ 

(1838);   Less.  Bev.  Zool.  1839,  p.  88S|  A  '*" 

p.  610,  n.  4  (1844) :  Bchnb.  8yn.  Av.,  V$Mm 

(1846);  id.  Av.  Syst.  Nat.  p.  10  (1869)  |  M 

(Greenland) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1869,  p.  876  (Zoo 

Cdt.  Brit.  B.  p.  188  (1868);  Mor^,  iUi,  '. 

Britain) ;  Parker,  P.  Z.  S  1865,  p.  75Sf ;  Dig*,  r 

iL  p.  473  (1867) ;  Tristr.  Ibis.  1868,  p.  897  (H« 

^no^.  p.  50  (1860) ;  JBhom  ^  BuokL  WtflBi 


[.  1873) ;  Okb.  THa.  Om.  L 

._..,.         ,    ,  _.   ..  J.  240;  David  Sf  Outt.  Oit. 

Chine,  V.  483  (1877);  Hume,  8tr.  finU.  viL  pp.  106,  107,  464 

(1878-79),  Tiii.  p.  114,  n.  944  qunt.  (1879) ;  JMm,  P.  Z.  8. 1883, 

p.  362. 
Cj^OB  olor,  PaU.  (nee  Om.)  Zoogr.  Somo-Am.  u.  p.  211  (1811). 
CjgQUS  oloi  a.  Pail.  op.  cit.  p.  211, 
Crvnus  cjpiiia,  Let*.  Man.  fOm.  iL  p.  407  (1828) ;  Zocnrmi,  Ont. 

Jahrb.  ii.  pp.  231-233  (Tyrol)  (1881);  Sarltrt,  J.  f.  O.  1891, 

p.  806;  ti^  Xat.  VogfUammi.  p.  226  (1891). 
f  CrKDus  idBndiciu,  Brthm,  Iiu,  1830,  p.  000  (nw  112SP);  fid. 

Kandb.  Viig.  Deuttchl.  pp.  832,  1036,  pi.  xll  f.  1  (1831). 
Olor  muaiciw,   Wagl.  /««,1832,  p.  1334;  O.  X.  Or.  Lia  B.  Brit. 

Mui.  iii.  p.  130  (1844) ;    Smd.  Melh.  naL  Av.  disp.  Tent.  p.  146 

(1872). 
Cygnus  lanthorliinua,  Nmim.  Vog.  DeuiteM.  v.  p.  478, 1 296  (1843). 
Olor  cjgnus,  G.  B.  Or.  Lid  Oen.  j-  Subgea.  B.  p.  122  (1666) ;  Bp. 

Compt.  Bend,  iliii.  p.  648,  n.  S  (1866) ;  O.  R.  Or.  Sand-Utt,  iii. 

p.  78,  n.  10600  (1871) ;  Bidgie.  Pr.  U.8.  JVW.  Mut.  iU.  pp.  202, 

222  (1880) ;  id.  N<m.  N.  Am.  B.  n.  686  (1881) ;   Stan.  Pr.  U.S. 

Sat.  Mut.  T.  p.  198  (1882);  J?.,  B..  ^  B.   WaUr-B.   N.  Am.  i. 

p.  423  (1884) ;  P  Slejn.  BuU.  U.8.  Nat.  Mtu.  n.  39,  p.  149  (Com- 

maoder  Id.)  (1886) ;  id.  Pf.  U.S.  Xat.  Mut.  x.  p.  136  (Commandei 

M.)  (1887). 
CjffDUB  licnni,  Ma/m,  Gilteb.  och  Bohml.  Faun.  pp.  90,  343  (1877). 
Holor  nusiciu,  OkAe-OaU.  Contr.  Faun.  Om.  Bur.  Ooc.  fiuc.  t. 

p.  3  (1886). 

Hyhridt. 

eigne  chanteur  tf  X  Oie domeetiqne  5,F.Gn'.Ann.Xut.Biti.Nat. 

Iii.  p.  119(1808). 
GjgDiia  musiciu  iS  X  Aiuei  domestlcuB  ^,LeBerk.  J.f.  O.  1890, 
p-  217. 


1.  cresTTB,  20 

a.  Jurat  Enzope.  Purduaed. 

6t  e.  Ad.  8t  Haylmg  Island.  J.  R  Tjndale,  Eaq.  [P.]. 

li.  Ad.  St.  Wiltshue.  Montagu  ColL 

a^/.  Ad.  [heads].     Pagfaam   Harboor,   Sua-  J.  £.  Harting,  £aq.  [P.]» 

a6x. 

ff.  PnlL  St.  No  locality.  Gould  ColL 

A.  PulL  at.  No  locality. 

i  Ad.  ak.  Corea.  F.  Campbell,  Eaq.  [P.], 

iL  Jot.  ak.  Shanghai,  Not.  (JL  Swm^  Seebohm  ColL 

hoe). 

L  Ad.  [head  and    S.  Yexo,  Japan,  Feb.  Seebohm  ColL 

m,  JvLv.  [head].  Seebohm  ColL 

11.  PulL  ak.  Bred  in  confinement. 

o.  Skeleton. 
p-n.  Skulla. 
Ik -Sternum  with 

trachea. 
w,  x,  y.  Sterna.  Yarrell  ColL 

%,  Sternum. 
tf'.  Sternum, 

2.  Cygnns  bewickL 

Cygnua  olor  /3«  Poll  Zoogr.  Bosso-Aa,  ii.  p.  214  (1811). 

Cygnua  bewickii,  Yarr,    Tr.  Linn.  Soc.  xvi.  2,  p.   4^  (1830) ; 


ihdInoaU,  ZooL  Joum.  v.  p.  180  (1830) ;  [AnonyTnaus],  ibid. 
p.  191  (1830);  SeOw,  Tr.  Jy.  H.  Soc.  Northumb.  i.  pp.  17-26 
(1831);  Leu.  Tr.  (TOm,  p.  629  (1831);    Selby,  III.  of  Orn,  ii. 


p.  284,  pi.  xlvii.  bis  (1833) ;  Temm,  Man.  cTOm.  iv.  p.  o27  (1835) ; 
JBaie,  Isis,  1836,  p.  262  (Dunkeique) ;  JEut.  Mist.  R.  Brit.  B.  p.  86 
(1836);  Thomps.  Mag.  of  Zool.  ^  Bot.  i.  p.  462  (ia37)  ;  Gould, 
B.  £ur.  pL  356  (pt  ziz.  1^37) ;  Lest.  Compl.  de  Buff,,  Ois.  ix. 
p.  628  (1837) ;  id.  op.  cU.  2nd  ed.  p.  218  (1838) ;  BaUl.  CompU 
Bend.  vii.  p.  1021  (1838) ;  Blainv.  ibid.  p.  1025 ;  Bp.  Comp. 
Lift,  p.  65,  n.  396  (1838) ;  Eyt.  Man.  Anat.  p.  98,  pL  18  (trachea 
and  sternum)  (1838) ;  Wiegm.  Arch.  Naturg.  1838,  i.p.367,Taf.  ix. 
(1838) ;  Less.  Rev.  Zool.  1839,  p.  222 ;  Hard.  Syst.  Verz.  Ges.  Mm. 
jt  118  (1844);  Gerbe,  Bee.  Zool.  1845,  p.  244;  ?  Midd.  Sib. 
iUiee,  iL  2,  p.  224  (Taimyr)  (1853) ;  Altum,  NaumamUa,  1855, 
p.  101;  ?Sehrenck,  Fog.  Aniurl.  i.  2,  p.  456  (1860);  ?  Badde^ 
JUise  S.0.'8ibir.  u.  p.  349  (Dauria)  (1863) ;  ?  Parker,  P.  Z.  S.  1S65, 
p.  752  (Malta,  foaail)  ;  Murie,  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  13 ;  Siainh.  Ihis, 
1867,  p.  398;  Dyb.  ^  Parr.  J,f.  O.  1868,  p.  .338;  FritBch,  Viig. 
Ear.  p.  339,  Taf.  46.  f.  9  (1870) ;  Reugl.  Ibis,  1872,  p.  63  (Nwh- 
watowa) ;  Stoinh.  Ibis,  1873,  p.  368  (China)  ;  Seebh.  P.  Z.  S.  1875, 

f.  566  {egg) ;  Seebh.  ^  Harvie-Brown,  Ibis,  1876,  p.  438  (Lower 
tetchora ) ;  Seebh.  P.  Z.  S.  1877,  p.  866 ;  Prjev.  Bowl.  On.  Miw. 
iii.  p.  19  (Mongolia)  (1878);  Blakist.  ^  Pryer,  Ibis,  1878.  p.  212 
(Japan) ;  Finsch,  Verh.  z.-b.  Ges.  Wien,  187d,  p.  255  (W.  Siberia) ; 
Hume,  Sir.  Feath.  vii.  pp.  107,  464  (1878-79),  viii.  p.  114,  no.  f^ 
quint.  (1879) ;  Dress.  B.  Eur.  vi.  p.  441,  pi.  419.  f.  3  (head)  (188 
ScUa.  P.  Z.  8.  1880,  p.  607;  Hume  ^  Marsh.  Game-B.  iiL  f. 

*  Authors  generally  add  tumot,  but  in  FalUa's  work  the  word  minor  itf  tJ 
aominapcement  of  hit  description,  and  not  part  of  the  specific  name. 


pt.  e  (18S0) ;  Norderuk.  Voy.  of  the  Vega  {tf.  Ibii.  1883, «.  838> ; 

Cb««,  CJuxMiit,  2[id  ed.  p.  Ill,  n.  691  (1383) ;  Fhrbet,  P.  Z.  3. 

1883,  p.  362 ;  £.  0.  U.  tut  Br.  B.  p.  121  (1883) ;  SdiO.  Litt 
Vert.  An.  8th  ed.  p.  423  (1883) ;  B-mgt,  MiL  Biol.  1884,  p.  45 

(Lunft  Delta) ;  Blakist.  Amend.  Lift  B.  Jap.  p.  33  (1884) ;  Saimd. 

Jarrefl'iHwtJr.J.ii.p,  315  (1884-85);  Se^h.HUl.  Br.  B.m, 

p.  484,  pL  58  (etnr)  (1885) ;  Saioad.  El.  lice.  Ital.  p.  255,  do.  356 

(1836) ;  Oigt.  ^  Saioad.  P.  Z.  S.  1887,  pp.  589,  691,  pL  lu.  f.  3 

(head);  iid.  Mem.  R.  Ac.  Sa.    Tor.  (2)   zuix.  p.   140  (1888); 

Pleske,  Riv.   Turkett.  OmU,  v.  54(1888);    Trittr.  Qa.  Coll  B. 

p,  51  (1889) ;  Seebh.  B.  Jap.  Emp.p.  235  (1890) ;  Jtehnto.  J.f.  0. 

1890,  p.  80  i  P  Lydekk.  Cat.  Poet.  S.  p.  108  (1891)  ;  HarUH,  Eat. 
VogettanmL  p.  226  (1891)  (.-VbhevillB) ;  SAarpe,  .Oat.  Ott.  Spec. 

Colt.  Surg.  iii.  p.  296  (1891) ;  SaAh.  Ibit,  1892,  p.  26  (HeHgo- 

laud). 
Cjgnus  ieliiadicuB,  Brehm,  lint,  1830,  p.  1125  (aecp.  096  P)  (Miinch- 

ausen);  JVoum.  Wiegm.  Arch.  iv.  p.  364,  Tftf.  tiiL  f.  ie,f,g,  A 

(1838);  Brehm,  JVoumannui,  1855,p.  296;  C.  F.  Duboa,  PL  Col. 

Ou.  Btlg.  iii.  p.  A  pi.  208  (1860). 
Swan  (new  up.),  WingaU,  Tram.  N.  H.  Soe.  XorOumb.  i,  pp.  1,  2 

(ia31,re«dOct.20,  1829). 
Olor  bewickii,  Wagl.  leie,  1832,  p.  1234;  Stem.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mm. 

\.  p.  201  (1882)  r  B.,  B.,  *  .S.    WaUr-B.  N.  ^m.  L  p.  423 

(1884). 
Cjgnus  borwickii  («rr.),  ^lon,  Man.  Anat.  pL  16  (trftchea  and 


Oygn 


12) ;  e.B.  Or.  Got.  B.  iii. 
p.  610,  n.  6  (1844)  i  'Bchnb.  Sun.  Av.,  NatotorM,  t.  106.  ff.  963- 
64  (1845);  Schl^.  Namtanma,  1865,  p.  268,  Taf.  iv.  S.  i~i 
(heada) ;  Altum,  ibid.  (noU),  Taf.  iv.  fi!  6,  6  (beads) ;  Baedek. 
Eier  eur.  Vog.  t.  SI  (18S5);  Swinh.  Zaolog.  1860,  p,  6024;  id. 
Ibu,  1861,  p.  344  (China),  1862,  p.  2^4 :  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1W3,  p.  323 
(Canton) ;  P  A.  Heat,  this,  ISaii,  p. 615  (SpiwKTseu) :  ScUfg.  .V.«, 
"    ".  Anseres,  p.  82  (1866) ;  Degl.  If  Gerbe,  Om.  Eur.  il  p.  474, 


vn. 


Tl 


**T*|  I  1;^ 


i 

if"*        -M 


Lrfk  -         ■■  ^-  ^ 


«r 


i.      ur    i«     -,'■1. 


«.   Aa..  ^  ^     =. 


i::.*-.^ 


" "     i.l»-'L     L.      7*  *   **-• 


V'SS. 


tr.  J-- 


-  r"f- 


-l- 


j-       • 


•-     x-r-. 


^'.    A'-* 


•^b' 


_      »- 


CfclfciC^'tf".  «-(Jitt:.     j^r:..Mr. 


-  -;^.^^. 


«r .    'J 


._  f 


.u 


'JV 


ilK.         i/JL..    & 


/.  Skeleton. 
m.  SkuU    and 
feet. 


B.  H.  Hodgson,  Esq. 


.  Cygnu  colombiatiiu. 

M.)  Trap.  p.  294  (1791)  (ma;  be 


f  (>gnna  fems,  Bartr.  (nc 

v.  buccinator), 
WhisUing  Swan,  P.  A!im,  HitL  of  the  BxpeM.  wtdtr  ti 

of  Capt  Lewii  and  Clarice,  i.  p.  398,  ii.  p.  192  (1814)  •. 
Anaa  c^umbianus,  Ord,  Gutitie'i  Geogr.  3nd  Am.  ed.  p.  319(1615). 
Anas  cjgnuB,  Bp.  (nee  iinn.)  Obg.  Nomaul.  WiU.  p.  ~-  ( 18«) ;  id. 

Speech.  Comp.  p,  70,  n.  237  (1827). 
Cygnua  muricus,  Bp.  {nee  Bedat.)  I  c,\  id.  8m,  p.  379  (1828); 

LinA  Am.  Joum.  iliv.  p.  268  (1843). 
Cygnus  bewickii,  Su>.  4"  ^A-  («e  IWr.)  Faun.  .^.-..^ffl.  ii,  p.  465 

(1S31) ;  NuU.  Man.  ii.  p.  372  (1834). 
CvgnuB  feniB,   SAarp/eu  (nee  leach),  Dougkty't  Cab.  Nat.  Hitt.  i. 


Cjfraus  smencftnua,  Sharpl.  Am.  Joum.  Se.  Art,  xiii.  p.  83  (1882) 
Bp.  Sujwl.  &>eeeh.  Comp.  p.  11,  n.  237  (1832) ;  MaegUl.  Man.  Om'. 
ii.  p.  157  (1842)  (Scotland)  ;  Bp.  Comp.  Liit,  p.  56,  a.  364  (1638) ; 
JBrf.  Mon.  Anat.  p.  99  (1838)  ;  Aud.  Om.  Btoffr.  t.  p.  133, 
pL  411  (1839)  ;  if.  ^.  p.  274  (1839);  id.  S.  Am.  vi.  p.  228, 
pi.  384  (1843);  Oir.B.ZongIil.-p.2S8(lSii);G.Ji.Gr.(3en.B. 
ui.  p.  610,  n.  6  (1&44) ;  Schnb.  &)H.  Ae.,  Natahires,  Novitia, 
t.  164.  f.  2774  (1860)  (ex  Audubon) ;  Ifewh.  P.  B.  R.  Rep.  ri. 
p.  100  (1867) ;  Baird,  B.  N.  Am.  p.  768  (1868) ;  id.  Cat.  N.  Am, 
B.  n.  661  a  (1869) ;  F  Banuton,  Ibte,  1860,  p.  263  (Hudson's  Baj) : 
Chop.  *  8ucU.  N.  H.  Walk.  Terr.  p.  248  (1860) ;  Wheat.  Ohio 
DO.  223  (1860);  Cbua  ij  Prent.  Smitht.  Sep.  p.  477 
'■        ■     ■-  ■      -'    --    -     -'      '■--'-      ^   Siver) 


(18011  ;   Itosi,   Ciinail.   NaturaL 


,MncW 


1.   CTGITOS.  33 

Bp,  Compt  Bend,  xliii.  p.  648,  n.  6  (1856) ;  O.  jR.  Or,  Hand- 
list, iii.  p.  78,  n.  10602  (1871) ;  Hidgw.  Norn.  N.  Am.  B,  n.  688 
(1881)  ;  iV<?&.  CrvMe  *  Ci>nrtn/  p.  92  (1881) ;  Mwd,  Exp,  to  Point 
Barroto,^,  116  (1886). 

Cygnus  columbianus,  Coues,  Btdl,  17,3,  GeoL  8^  Geogr,  Surv.  Terr, 
2nd  8er.  n.  6^.  444  (1876) ;  id,  Chech-Ust,  2nd  ed.  p.  110,  n.  689 
(1882) ;  id,  JSiy  N,  Am,  A  p.  682,  n.  689  (1884). 

Olop  columbianus,  Stejn,  Pr,  U,S,  Nat,  Mus,  v.  p.  210  (1882) ;  B,, 
B,y  ^  R,  Water-Birds  N,  Am,  i.  p.  426  (1884) ;  SteJn,  Bull,  U,S, 
Nat,  Mus,  no.  29,  p.  160  (Bering  I.)  (1885) ;  A,  O,  U.  Code  of 
Norn,  and  Check-list,  p.  129,  n.  180  (1886)  ;  Turner ,  Cmtr,  N,  H, 
Alaska,  p.  144  (1886)  (Yukon) ;  Nels,  N,  H,  CoU,  in  Alaska, 
p.  91  (1887)  (Bering  Sea)j  Bidgw,  Man,  N,  Am,  B,  p.  120, 
pi.  xxix.  f.  1  (bead)  (1887) ;  ^S^Vi.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mus.  x.  p.  136 
(Bering  Is.)  (1887) ;  Macfarl  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mus,  xiv.  p.  426  (eggs) 
(1891) ;  Hatch,  B,  of  Minnes,  p.  82  (1892). 

Tail  usually  of  twenty  feathers  ;  bill  not  longer  than  the  head. 

Adult.  Entire  plumage  pure  white,  the  head,  sometimes  the  neok, 
or  even  entire  underparts,  tinged  with  rusty ;  bill,  tarsi,  and  feet 
deep  black,  the  bare  loral  skin  usually  marked  by  an  oblong  spot 
of  orange  or  yellow  (dull  pale  reddish,  yellowish,  or  whitish  in 
the  skin);  iris  brown.  Total  length  about  53-55  inches,  wing 
21-50-22,  tail  7-8,  culmen  3-82^-2,  tarsus  4-06-4-32. 

Female  similar. 

Toung.  Light  plumbeous,  paler  beneath,  the  fore  part  and  top  of 
the  head  tinged  with  reddish  brown  ;  bill  reddish  flesh-colour,  dusky 
at  the  tip ;  feet  dull  yellowish  flesh-colour  or  greyish. 

Hah,  The  whole  of  North  America,  breeding  far  north ;  accidental 
in  Scotland. 

a.  Ad.  St.        N.  America.  J.  Richardson,  Esq.  [P.]. 

h.  Ad.  st.        Northern  Exped.  The  Admiralty  [PJ. 

e,  cJ  ad.  sk.    Corpus  Christ!,  Texas,  Oct.  {F,  Salviu-Godman  Coll. 

B,  Armstrong), 


4.  Cygnus  buccinator. 

Cygnus  buccinator.  Rich,  Faun,  B,-A,  ii.  p.  464  (1831)  (Hudson's 
Bay) ;  YarreU,  Philos,  Mag,  1832,  p.  287 ;  id,  Tr.  Linn,  Soc.  xvii* 
pp.  1-4,  pi.  i.  (1834)  (sternum  and  trachea) ;  Nutt.  Man,  ii.  p.  370 
(1834) ;  Aud,  Om.  Biogr.  iv.  p.  636,  pi.  376  (1838) ;  Bp,  Comp.  List, 

5. 55,  n.  365  (1838) ;  Wiegm.  Arch.f.  Naturg,  1838,  i.  p.  371 ;  Eyt, 
fon,  Anat,  p.  100  (1838) ;  Blainv,  Compt,  Rend,  vii.  p.  1026  (1838) ; 
Less,  Rev,  Zool.  1839,  p.  323;  Aud,  Om,  Biogr.  v.  p.  114,  pi.  406 
(1839) ;    id,  Syn,  p.  274  (1839) ;  Riipp.  Mm,  Senckenb,  iii.  p.  6 
Q839) ;  Aud.  B,  Am,  vi.  p.  219,  pis.  382,  383  (1843) ;   Wyman^ 
Pr.  Bost,  Soc.  N.  H.  i.  p.  119  (sternum)  (1843) ;  Giraud,  B,  of 
Long  Isl.  p.  299  (1844) ;  O,  R,  Or,  Gen,  A  iii.  p.  610,  n.  7  (1844) ; 
HaHl,  Syst,   Verz.  Ges,  Mus,  p.  118  (1844) ;  Rchnb,  Syn,  Av., 
Natatores,  t.  104.  ff*.  2775-76  (1850)  {ex  Aud.) ;  Newb.  P.  R,  R. 
^tetf.  yi.  p.  104  (1857)  (California  and  Oregon) ;  Baird,  B.  N.  Am^ 
"^  (1858) ;  id.  Cat.  N,  Am,  B.  n.  562  (1859) ;   Wied,  J,  f,  O, 
162;  ?Bamst.  Ibis,  1860,  p.  253  (Hudson's  Bay) ;  Coop. 


^  Sudd  y.  S.  Wash.  Terr.  p.  248  (1860) ;  Wheat  Ohio  Amic. 
lUp.  no.  234  (leeO)  (Lake  Ene)  j  Ba/d.  Sep.  p.  176  (1862)  (Yel- 
lowstone) i  Blakitt.  Ibis,  1862,  p.  9 ;  Soil,  Canad.  Natural  Yii. 
p.  IGl(MackeiiiieRiver)  (1862);  id.  2fat.  Hitt.  Bev.  (2)  ii.  p.  286 
(1862) ;  Btakiil.  Ibit,  1863,  p.  136 ;  &lat.  P.  Z.  S.  1866,  p.  208 
(Zool.  Gord.)  i  SchUg.  Mw.  P.-B.,  Angeres.p.  83  (1866) ;  Murit, 
P.  Z.  S.  1867,  pp.  6, 11, 12, 13 ;  Smckt,  P.  Z.  S.  1868,  pp.  211- 
213 ;  Srwm,  Ati,  1868,  p.  426  (Vancouver  laL) ;  DaU  ^  Sana. 
TV.  Chic.  Acad.  i.  p.  294  (1869)  (Frazer  River  and  Yukon)  j  Turub. 
B.  S.  Pa.  p.  45  (1869)  (Chesapeake  Bav) ;  Eytmt,  &/n.  Anat. 
p.  49  (18691 ;  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  664  (Zool.  Gard.) ;  Tr^ipe, 
Pr.  Eu.  Itut.  vi.  p.  119  (1871)  (Minnesota);  Merr.  U.S.  Gtd. 
Sum.  Terr.  p.  703  (1872)  (Wyoming) ;  GteS.  Thei.  Om.  i.  p.  855 
(1872)  i  Couei,  Key,  p.  281  (1872)  ;  id.  OUcft-iwi,  n.  476  (1873) ; 
Snow,  B.  Kam.  p.  11  (1873)  (Iowa) ;  Garrod,  P.  Z.  S.  187;i,  p.  467 
(carotids),  p.  65©;  mdgvi.  Aim.  Lye.  N.  Y.  x.  p.  388  (1874)  (Illi- 
nois);  Couei,  Bird!  N.-W.  p.  641  (1874);  Adanu,  Ibis,  1878, 
p.  430  (Michalaaki) ;  Selat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  606 ;  Forbet,  P.  Z.  S. 
1882,  p.  352;  Coua,  Check-Utt,  2ad  ed.  p.  110,  n.  688  (1882); 
Schnw.  Om.  Centralbl.  1882,  p.  39 ;  ii  Vog.  Zool.  OUrt.  p.  70 
(1882) ;  Huet,  Sail.  Soc.  Zool.  A.  1882,  p,  353  (breeding  in  csp- 
livity);&;ii(.ii"»(Fn-t..4n.8thed.  p.  424,  n.  946(1883);B.  0.  F. 
Lut  Br.  B.  p.  121  (1883) ;  Cbw»,  Key  X.  Am.  B.  2nd  ed.  p.  682 
(1884) ;  Sound.  TaTTeWiBia.  Br.  B.  iv.  p.  322  (1884-85) ;  ?Babitigt. 
B.  of  Suff.  p.  243,  pla.  v.,  vi.  (1886) ;  Sharpe,  Cat.  Oiteol.  Spectm. 
Coll.  SuTff.  iii.  p.  2^  (1881). 

Olor  buccinator,  Waal.  Iiit,  1832,  p.  1234 ;  Bp.  Compt.  Bend,  iliii. 
p.  648,  n.  6  (1866);  Q.  S.  Gr.  Sand-lilt,  iii.  p.  78,  n.  10603 
(1871);  Sidffte.  Norn.  N.  Am.  B.  n.  689(1881);  ^n.  Pr.  U.&. 
Nat.  Mva.  v.  p.  216  (1882) ;  B.,  B.,  ^  S.  Water-Bird*  N.  Am.  i. 
p.  430  (1884) ;  A.  0.  U.  Code  of  Nam.  *  Chei^litt,  p.  130,  n.  181 
(1886) ;  Bidgv).  Man.  N.  Am.  B.  p.  120  (1887) ;  Macfarl.  Pr. 
U.S.  Nat  Mm.  zIt.  p.  426  (Deet  and  egee)  (1891) ;  MatiA,  B.  <f 
MinMi.  p.  a3  (1882). 

Cytniua   pasemori,    Hincki,    Joum.   Ltnn.    Soc.   viii.    p.    1    (1864) 


1.  creioTS.  35 

colour,  and  a  large  elongated  patch  of  a  light  dull  purple  on  each 
side ;  the  edge  of  the  lower  mandible  and  the  tongue  dull  yellowish 
flesh-colour.  The  eye  is  dark  brown.  The  feet  are  dull  yellowish 
brown,  tinged  with  olive;  the  daws  brownish  black,  the  webs 
blackish  brown.  The  upper  part  of  the  head  and  the  cheeks  are 
light  reddish  brown,  each  feather  having,  towards  its  extremity,  a 
small  oblong  whitish  spot,  narrowly  margined  with  dusky;  the 
throat  nearly  white,  as  well  as  the  edge  of  the  lower  eyelid.  The 
general  colour  of  the  other  parts  is  greyish  white,  slightly  tinged 
with  yellow ;  the  upper  part  of  the  neck  marked  with  spots  similar 
to  those  on  the  head."    (Audubon,) 

^^  Cygnets  are  of  a  uniform  ashy  grey  in  their  first  plumage,  darker 
than  in  the  corresponding  plumage  of  0.  olor"  When  moulting 
they  *'  seem  to  be  whiter  on  the  breast  and  darker  on  the  back  than 
the  Common  Swan  at  the  same  period."  (Sdater,) 

Eah.  Interior  of  North  America^  more  rare  or  less  generally 
distributed  towards  the  Pacific  coast,  rare  or  accidental  ^ong  the 
Atlantic  coast ;  breeding  from  Iowa  and  Dakota  northward. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Vaucouver   Is.    (/.   K,       Brit.  N.  Amer.  Boun- 

I/ird),  dary  Comm.  [P.]. 

b.  Ad.  sk.  Snake  R.,  Washington,       Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Sept  (CuHU). 

c.  Juv.  sk.  Califomia.  J.  Richards,  Esq.  [P.]. 

d.  Skeleton.  N.  America.  Zool.  Soc 

e.  Sternum  with  trachea. 


5.  QygnuB  olor. 

Tame  Swan,  Edw,  Birds,^\,  150  (head)  (1743). 

Cygnus,  Briss,  Om.  vi.  p.  288  (1700). 

Anas  cygnus  ft  Linn,  S.  N.  Lip.  194  (1766). 

Cy^us  mansuetus,  Saleme,  Om,  ou  Tr,  des  Ots,  p.  404  (1767)  ; 

Flem.  Br.  An,  p.  126  (1828) ;  G.  B,  Or,  List  B,  Brit,  Mus,  iii. 

p.  130  (1844);  Ikgl,  ^  Qerbe,  Om,  Eur,  ii.  p.  476  (1867);  Dub, 

Fam.  Bdg,,  Ois.  u,  p.  410,  pi.  240  (1892). 
eigne,  I/Aubent,  Pi,  ml,  913. 
Cygne,  Buff.  Hist,  Nat,  Ois,  ix.  p.  8,  pi.  1  (1783). 
Anas  cygnas  (errors?),  Bodd,  Tabl  It,  Eid.^,  64,  n.  913  (1783). 
Mute  Swan,  Lath,  8yn,  m.  2,  p.  436,  n.  2  (1786). 
Anas  cygnus  (mansuetus),  Lath.  Gen,  Syn,  Suppl,  i.  p.  297  (1787). 
Anas  olor,  Om,  8.  N.  i.  2,  p.  602,  n.  47  (1788) ;  Lath,  Ind,  Om,  ii. 

p.  834,  n.  2(1790). 
Anser  cygnus  a,  Bonn,  Ene,  MSth,  i.  p.  107,  pi.  28  (upper  figure) 

rgnus  gibbus,  Bechst,  Gemeinn,  Naturg,  Deutschl,  iv.  p.  816 
(1809);  Meyer,  Taschenb.  deutsch,  Vogelk,  ii.  p.  601  (1810); 
Brehm,  Isis.  1830,  p.  996 ;  Wagl.  Isis,  1832,  p.  1234 ;  Nordm, 
BuU.  Ae,  So.  8t,  Pitersb.  1834^  p.  460 ;  5^.  Pr,   U.S.  Nat. 


Cy^ni 


•  «L  189  (1882) ;  Sundev.  Ibis,  1886,  p.  408  (osteoL). 
^b(vr.  Bosso-As,  ii.  p.  216  (1811). 
I.  Cat.  Br,  B.  p.  64  (1817). 

d2 


Qvgnns  olor,  VieilL  N.  D.  ii.  p.  37  (1S17)  ;  Bum.  Dtct.  Se.  Nat.  xli, 
p.  308  fl818) ;  5(<pA.  Oen.  Zool.  xii.  2,  p.  16,  pi.  38  (1824)  ;  Brehm, 
i(M,  1830,p.  995;  Lea.  Tr.  eTOm.  p.  629  (1831)  j  Sennett,Oard. 
^Meiu^.Zoa.Soe.,Birdt,^.  165  (1831);  Temm.  Man.  d'Om.iv. 

SG20  (1835) ;  Gouid,  B.  Eur.  pi,  364  (1837) ;  Zai.  Campl.  de 
Bf ,  Oit.  ii.  p,  627  (1837)  ;  id.  op.  cit.  2ai  ed.  p.  718  (1838) ; 
Bp.  Omp.  List,  p.  66,  n.  392  (1838)  ;  Eyt.  Mon.  Anat.  p.  96, 
pf.  3.  f.  II  (Bternum)  (1838);  Biainv.  Compt.  Batd.  \u.  p.  1023 
(1836) ;  Lei».  Ben.  Zool.  1839,  p.  321 ;  Biipp.  Mu».  Senckenb.  iii. 
p.  5  (1839) ;  K.  ^  B.  WirbelOi.  Eur.  pp.  liixii,  232  (1840) ; 
Naum.  Vog.  Deulichl.  li.  p.  442,  Taf.  295  (1842) ;  ffarti.  Sgst. 

Ferz.  Ges.  Mv».  p.  118  (1844)  ;  Schteg.  Eev.  Oit.  p.  cii  (1844) ; 
O.  B.  Gr.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  610,  n.  1  (1844) ;  Bi^nh.  SJw.  Av.,  Nnta- 
tores,  t.  105.  ff.  252-64  (1845)  ;  WaUtngr.  Nauviatima,  1864, 
p.  266  (Scandinavia);  Ltcht.  Nomencl.  Av.  p.  101  (1864);  Bp. 

Compt.  Send,  iliii.  p.  648,  n.  1  (1856) ;  Heugi.  &/et.  Uei.  p.  66 
(1866)  ;  Parker,  P.  Z.  &  1863,  pp.  516.  617 ;  Badd^,  Beit.  S.  O.- 
Sibir.  ii.  p.  350  (Dfturia)  (1863);  ScAkg.  Mitt.  P.-B.,AagereB, 
p.  78  (1866) ;    Tritlr.  tbit,  1868,  p.  327 ;     Wr^ht,  Ait,  1869, 


68,  p.  ; 
p.  44(1 


p.  248  (Malta) ;  Ei/t.  Sgtt.  Anat.  p.  44  (1869) ;  Elwes  ^  Buekl.  Ibit, 
1870,  p.  338  (Turkey)  ;  HtOt.  ilnd.  p.  397  (Auckland,  introduced) ; 
ScM.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  664 ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Bar^litt,  m.  p.  78, 
n.  10957  (1871) ;  Natkut.  J.f.  O.  1871,  p.  265  (ej^) ;  SheU.  B.  of 
Empt,  p.  278  (1872) ;  Suttd.  Met.  nat.  Av.  di^.  Tent.  p.  146 
(1872) ;  Gould,  B.  Gr.  Bnt.  v.  pi  8  (part  iii.,  1872);  Oieb.  Thet. 
Om.  i.  p.  850  (1872);  Brooke.  Ibit,  1873,  p.  342  (Sardinia); 
Severtz.  Twkett.  Jevoln.  p.  70  (1873) ;  Dan/.  ^  Harvie  Brown, 
Ibit,  1875,  p.  426  (TraoBjlvania) ;  Oarrod,  P.  Z.  S.  1875.  p.  348 ; 
Ih-ett.  J4«,  1876,  p.  416;  Scullu,  Sir.  Feath.  iv.  p.  197  (E.  Tur- 
kestan) (1876) ;  Forbet,  P.  Z.  S.  1877,  p.  307,  312,  817  (borea 
Fabricii) ;  Taez.  BulL  Soe.  Zool.  JV.  ii.  p.  44  (1877) ;  Prjev.  Bowl. 
Om.  Mite.  iii.  p.  99  (1878) ;  Blanf.  S'r.  Feath.  tII.  p.  99  (Slndh) 
(1878);  Hume,  ibid.  pp.  101,  106  (India)  (1878);  id.  P.A.S. 
B.  1878.  p,  138  (Sindb);  Bogd.  [Ii.  Oiue.lp.  170  (Terek)  (1878); 
'-      «.  B.  E«r.  vi.p.419,  pis.  418,  419.   ff.  6,  6  (heads)   (1860); 


Cfgnns  libiluu,  Nilu.  Skatut.  Faun,,  Fojfl.  Sid  ed.  it.  p.  386  (186B). 
Vjenua  tuberauliroBtriB,  C  F.  Dub.  H.  Col.  Oi».  Btk     '"        — 


.  p.  300 


CjgDIU 


nutabilie, 


.  (™ 


r.)  Verk.  t.-b.  Get.   Wim,  r 


7^  (1863)  (Meozaleh,  En 
Cjr'RnuB  unwini,  Hume,  Ibt^  1^71,  p,  413;  Sain.  Had.   (note,  =C. 

glor);  £lanf.  Str.Feath.  vii.  p.  lOO  (1877):  Hume,  Otd.  p.  104 

(=olor  juv.j  (1878) ;  Steja.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mui.  t.  p.  105  (1882). 
Crmus,  tp.,  Stdkxka,  J.  A.  8.  B.  1872,  p.  29»  (Cutoh) ;  H^me,  Sr. 

Feath.  IT.  p.  33  (1876),  vii.  p.  104  (18,8). 
Ctgniw  pdidni,  S/g».  Pr.   U.S.  Nat.  Mitt,  v.  p.  197  (Lake  Man- 

-^)  {1882J  a«>n-  P)- 

V&r.  domesticB. 

fAnudiruea,  Hfrm.  Obt.  Zool.  p.  139(1809). 

Cyjrnus  immutabiUa,  Tarr.  P.  Z.  8. 1838,  p.  19  (Medway,  England) ; 
£p.  Con^.  Lul,  p.  55,  n.  383  (1838) ;  Eston,  sVon.  Anal.  p.  06 
(1S38) ;  BlaiHT.  Compl.  Bmd.  Tii.  p.  1024  (1638)  ( =?C. olorfenis)  i 
Wiegm.  Areh.f. Naturg.  1838. i.  p.  371 ;  Pelerm,Mag.  N.  JI.  1839, 
p.  172 (osteol. diff.);  Leu. Rtv. ZooL  1839, p. 3-22;K.^ S.  WirbeltA. 
Sir.  p.  UxiiT  (note)  (1840) ;  Tarr.  Br.  B.  iii.  p.  121  (witb  fig.) 
(IB4S);  uJLGen.fi. iii. p.510,n.^(1844);  j;eA>i6.%i.^D.,Nat&tores, 
t.  lOa  t  966  (184C);  BIom.  in  Naunu  Voq.  DeuOehi.  xiii.  2,  p.  237 
(1800);  Ptnoj/h Ibii,  1860, p. Sol  { Ionian M) ;  Dfgl. ^  Oa-be,  Orn. 
Eur,  ji.  p.  476  (1867) ;  Eyt.  Sua.  Anat.  p.  45  (1869) ;  fSla.  4"  Bhc/cI. 
tbk,  1870,  p.  338  (Epirus) ;  Fielil,  Jul?  1871 ;  O.  B.  Gr.  Haad-lut, 
iiL  p.  78,  n.  10598  (1871) ;  Briigg.  Zool.  Gdrf.  1875,  p.  321  ( =olor 
\U.);  Sditt.  P. Z.8. 18fi6. p.  4(56 (breeding) ;  Southw.  TV. Norf.  Nat. 
Soe.  ii.  pp.  258-260  (1876) ;  Drtu.  B.  Eur.  tI.  p.  429,  pL  419.  ff.  1, 
3  (beiuls)  (1880) :  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  606 ;  Foriw,  P.  Z.  8. 
1882,  p.  362;  SUrin.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mui.  v.  p.  192  (1882) ;  B.  O. 
U.  ZiH  Br.  B.  p.  120  (1883) ;  .Sound.  rarreWi  Hal.  Br.  B.  iv. 
p.  340  (1884-86):  *eft*.  .ffirf.Jr.  if.iii.  p.  478(1885);  S<mth«i.m 
Stonen*.  A  o/ JVor/ott.  iii. p.  Ill  (1890);  ifcAnw.  J./ 0. 1690,  p. 80. 

War  immuUbllia,  flp.  Cat.  MH.  t"rc.  Eur.  p.  68,  n.  412  (1842). 

•      ■      lutabUiB,  Schleg.  Bee.  Oil.  p.  ciii  (1844)  (England, 


C'vpiiu  cnor  1 
Holbind), 


Cygrtiu  olor  a.  iminutabilia,  Bp.  Compt.  Send,  sliii.  p.  648  (1856), 
<^niits  olor,  pnrt.,  Schleff.  Mia.  P.-B.,  An»eres,  p.  18,  spec  3  (Hur- 

Ihui)  (I806) ;  Oifb.   thm.  Orn.  i.  p.  856  (1872) ;  Selal.  Liet  VtrU 

An.  8Ui  t^d.  p.  423,  Hp«c.  e,  o,  r  (1883), 
Fblfah  Swnn,  Gu«i.  P.  Z  8.  1877.  p.  379. 
C;]|piiiB  mAnnietuB,  pan..  Dub.  Faun.  Belg.,  OU.  ii.  p.  416  (1892). 

Hyhridt. 
Oranu*  olor  X  Aiuer  fenis,  var.  dumMticiu 

p.  127. 
Cnrnus  oUirc 

J.f.  O.  lettO.  p.  217. 
Cjgna*  olor  iS  X  Aiuer  cinereiu  $ ,  Leeerk.  I.  e. 
<^gn«8  0lorrr  XAmerdoiuesdcui?,  Lemrk.  I.e. 
CjPgniu  inimutkbiliBX  (liemicla  leucopsia  X  B,  cauadensLe),  Xetienl:.  I.  o. 
t^gniuolurS  X.^ter  cineKuaij,  Levrrk.  I.  c.  p.  p.  218. 
Qi^iu  olot  5  X  C.  atratus  J ,  Zeverk.  I.  e. 


Crommelin,  Ibit,  1660, 


AduU.  Eotire  plumage  pore  white ;  lores,  frontal  tubercle,  base 
of  the  upper  mandible,  nOBtrils,  nail,  edges  of  the  upper  mandible, 
and  entire  under  mandible  blaok,  remainder  of  the  beak  reddish 
orsnge ;  legs  and  feet  dull  black ;  irides  hazel.  Total  length 
4  feet  8  inches  to  5  feet,  wing  27  inches,  tail  10,  culmen  4-2, 
tareus  4-5. 

Female.  Similar  to  the  male,  but  Boroewhat  smaller,  the  neck 
more  alender ;  the  tubercle  at  the  base  of  the  beak  amaller, 

Tounff.  Plumage  almost  a  sootj'  grey  ;  neck  and  under  surface  of 
the  body  lighter  in  colour ;  beak  lead-colour  ;  nostrils  and  the  basal 
maigmal  line  black. 

CifgTUti.  Covered  with  soft  brownish  or  dull  aahy-grey  down, 
whidi  on  the  lower  throat  and  breast  becomes  much  paler,  almost 
white  ;  bill  and  lega  lead-grey. 

In  this  bird  the  keel  of  the  sternum  is  simple,  unprovided  with 
any  cavity. 

I  quite  agree  with  Mr.  Seebohm  and  others,  who  believe  that  the 
so-called  Polish  Swan  can  only  be  regarded  as  a  quasi-albino  pro- 
duced by  domeetication.  None  of  the  characters  attributed  to 
C.  immuiabilis  are  constant. 

Sab.  Denmark  and  South  Sweden,  South  Bussia,  Valley  of  the 
Danube,  Transylvania  and  Greece,  and  passing  the  northern  shores 
of  the  Caspian,  to  Turkestan  and  Mongolia;  winters  in  the 
BOntiiem  portions  of  the  Caspian,  ocoaeionaUy  in  the  extreme  north- 
west of  India,  and  in  tbe  basin  of  the  Mediterranean. 


a.  Ad.  St. 

b.  Juv.  sk. 
e.  Ad.  St. 
<f.  Imm.  st. 


Nairn,  N.B.  (imrnutabSu). 
AcbiU  Is.,  Ireland. 
Ot.  Britaiu. 

Mushes    near    Homing, 
N'orfoik  {(mmUabHu). 


Duncan  Baillie,  Esq.  [F.], 
J.  K.  Sheridan,  Esq.  [P.J. 
Dr.  Dewier  [P,], 
M.  C.  Cooke,  Eeq.  [P.]. 


Nuffi,  N.B.  (immubibaii).      Duncan  Bnillie,  Esq.  [P.]- 
n  with  trscbea. 
Algeria. 

6.  CyguQS  melancorypbns. 

Anas  melimcorTphfi,  Mot.  Sa^g.  Sfor.  Nut.  Chili,  p.  207  (1783)  ;  id. 

up.  nf.  2iid  ed.  p.  199  (1810) ;  Brandit,   Utbers.  Melin.   Naturg. 

Chli,  p.  LW  (1(86). 
Black-necked  Swan,  Lath.  Sm.   iii.  2.  p.  438,  n.  3  (1785) ;  Griff. 

A».  Eingd.  iii.  p.  661,  pi.  —  (1839). 
ADM  nigricollis,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  3,  n.  502,  n.  48  (1788)  (.-.r  Bougaair- 

rilU):  Lath.  Ind.  On.  it.  p.  a-H,  n.  S  (1790). 
AnxB  melanowphalfl,  Gm.  S.  If.  i.  2,  p.  502,  u.  49  0'88)   (ei 

Anict  mel«ici)iypl""«,  Sonn.  £Vw.  Jititk.  i,  p.  108,  n.  3  (1790). 

Atuer  nigricullii,  jSonn.  /.  c  n.  3  (1790). 

Ci«ne  de  c»beia  negra.,  I/Aatra,  ApiuU.  iii.  p.  404,  n.  42C  (1805) ;  id. 

Toy.  (SbxR.  «f.),  iv.  p.  323  (ISOO). 
'   mus  melanocephalua,    rieill.   X.  D.  n.  p.  43  (1817);    Blatnv. 
-       ■     "     ■      ii.  p.   1026  (1838) ;  ZicM.  AbnimcA  Av.  p.  101 


Cysatii  : 


Cygam  niffricxillis,  ■'  Lath.,"  Dum.  Diet.  Sc.  Jfat.  iii,  p.  813  (1818) 
**     ■    "      "    ■       ■    -    ).  17  (1824);  Boie,  ira,!^"" 


•■t<jt/i,  Gm.  ZaU.  xu.  2,  p.  17  (1824) ;  £ok,  Iris,  1826,  p.  9 
£tf(.  MoH.  Atiat.  p.  98  (1838) ;  D'Orb.  Vay.  Am.  M(r.,  Itm 
p.  304  (note)  (16^) ;  id.  Wirgm.  Areh.  1839,  L  p.  67 ;  Leu.  Bte. 
TSeol.  1830,  p.  323 ;  JKwm.  Mus.  SfHck.  iU.  p.  8  0839) ;  IVpp.  ibid. 
p.  9  (note)  (1839) ;  l9a»tr,  P.  Z.  S.  1&13,  p.  118  (Chili) ;  G.  B. 
Or.  Lilt  B.  Brit.  Mm.  iii.  p.  130  (1844) ;  u/.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  610, 
n.  8  (1614) ;  HaHl.  Syd.  Fere.  Get.  Mia.  p.  US  (1844) :  Bdmb. 
&>[.  Ab.,  Natatores,  1. 106.  (.  967  (184J)) ;  Yarr.  P.  Z.  S.  1&17, 
p.&t(eKg):  UaHt.  Ind.  Axar.  Apiaa.  p.  27,  n.  426  (1847);  De» 
afurt,  m  Oav't  Hilt.  Chiie,  i.  p.  445,  pi.  14  (1848):  Bibra, 
Dmktekr.  k.  Ak.  Wit»en*ek.  t.  3,  p.  131  (1853)  (cf.  J.f.  O.  1865, 
n.  57) ;  Thien.  FoHpJlata»g.  i.  76.  f.  8  fegg)  (1864) ;  Bp.  Compl. 
Send,  xliii.  p.  648,  a.  2  (1856) ;  Burm.  Smt.  Ueb.  iii.  p.  432  (Sta. 
Calhariua L)  (1866);  Ow*.  f.S.  Adrtm.  Exp., Zool.  p.  300  (1856) ; 
OvJd.  P.ZS.  1859,  p.  98 ;  Sclat.  ibid.  p.  206  (Fdlilanil  Isl.)  ; 
Jfurm.  J./.  0.  1860,  p.  266;  Wolf^  Selat.  ZooL  Sketch.  I.  pi.  48 
ami) ;  Mbaft,  Ibis,  1861,  p.  159  (Falkliuids) ;  Burnt.  La-Plata 
Xtim,  ii.  p.  612  (1861) :  SeAltff.  DieraU.  p.  277,  witb  fig,  (1864) ; 
Afe,  Beiie  Nonara,  VTSg.  p.  137  (1865);  Sdikg.  Mue.  P.-B., 
Amctch,  p.  79  (1866) ;  Sclat.  P. Z. S.  1867,  u.3S4;  Ph.^  Landl,. 
Cat.  Ae.  CkiL  p.  60  (1868) ;  Cmningh.  Ibii.  1866,  p.  JS8 ;  &/.  j- 
Sale.  P.  Z.  S.  1866,  p.  145  (G.nchitM) ;  iid.  Ibis,  1869,  p.  284 
(EUxabetli  ble) ;  At.  Sun.  Anal.  p.  46  (1869) ;  Selat.  P.  Z  S. 
1868,  p.  629  (Zool.  G«d.),  1870,  p.  666  (Zool.  Gsrd.) ;  Pel:.  Om. 
JBMa.  p.  459  (1870) :  Sftal.^  Sidv.  IbU,  1870,  p.  504  (emrs,  Eliift- 
betli  Uand):  JB.  Zooi.  Oen.  Amit.  1871,  pp.  196-U)8;  G.  R. 
Or.  Hmd-Uit,  m.  p.  78,  d.  10690  (1871):  Gieb.  Tha.  Ont.  i. 
p.  856  (1872)  J  Burm.  P.  Z.  S.  1872,  p.  386  (ParanA)  j  Oarrod, 
r.  Z.  S.  1873,  pp.  467  (carotids),  639;  Selat.  ^  Salv.  Jfim.  An. 
>«(rop.  p.  150,  n.  1  (1878);  Garr.P.Z.S.  1876,  p.  348)  Gtdliv. 
aid.  p.  488 ;  Dum/.  IMi,  1876,  p.  163 ;  Seiat.  ^  Sale.  P.  Z.  S. 
1876,  p.  370;  £hirn/.  /&>,  1877,  pp.  41  (Chupnt),  191  (Buenos 
Ajms),   1876,  p.  «M  (Centr.   Patagonia);    ffAwH,  Ibu,  1880, 


p.  38;  Schm^,  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  317;  &Ial.  iSui  pp.  606,  636 ; 

Sharpe,  P.  Z.  S.  1861,  p.   14  (Hugh  Bay) ;    Jbr6«,  P.  Z.  S. 

1682,  p.  362;  SeAnw.   Om.   Centralbl.  1^,  p.  89;  id.  Vog. 

Zaol.  Girt.  p.  70  (1882) ;  A.  MUtie-JBdw.  Hum.  Rig.  Aiutr.  ch.  ix. 

p.  40  (1882) ;  Sdal.  LUt  Vert.  An.  8th  ed.  p.  424,  n.  &70  (1883) ; 

Sanoag,  Avk,  1884,  p,  273  (Entrerios) ;   Btrl.  J.  f.   O.  1887, 

p.  183  (Sta.  C&tharinK,  ParaD&,  and  B.  Ajiea) ;  Burm.  Anal.  Mm. 

Nac.  Bum.  Airai,iu.^.  2i7  (1888);  Sclat.  Argent.  Om.\i.-f.\U, 

pL  xriii.  (1889) ;  Triitr.  Cat.  CoU.  B.  p.  51  (1889) ;  Kerr,  Ibu,  1890, 

p.  368;  Er>an»,Ibi»,  1891,  p,  71  (incubation) ;  Frenstl,J.f.  O.  1891, 

p.  126  (Oordova) ;  (hut.  Miu.  &.  Cap  Horn,  iv.  Ou.  p.  186  (1891) ; 

Martert,  Kat.   VogeUammi.  p.  228  (1891) ;  Holland,  IbU,  1892, 

p.  206  (Argentina) ;  Berk.  Jatne»,  New  LUt  ChiL  B.  p.  9,  u.  147 

(1892) ;  Aplin,  Ibu,  1884,  p.  200  (Uruguay). 
Anas  malanocotyphua, "  Mol.,"  Lett.  Cbmpl.  de  B*^.,  Oit.  ix.  p.  628 

(1837) ;  id.  op.  cit.  2nd  ed  p.  718  (18S8> 
StheneluB   melancoiyphua,  SUin.  Pr.   U.S.   Nat.   Mat.  v.  p.  186 

(1882). 
Sthenelides  melancoirphe.,  iSan.  Kmgd.  Stand.  Nat.  EitL  it.  p.  143 

(1886). 

Advli  male.  Fore  white,  except  the  head  and  tlie  upper  two- 
thirds  of  the  neck,  which  ore  black,  with  a  velvet  gloss  ;  a  narrow 
white  atripe  surrounda  the  eye  and  extends  backward  towards  the 
nape ;  chin  white ;  "  iria  almost  black ;  bill  plnmbeoua,  with  the 
base  and  knob  red ;  feet  pale  flesh-colour  "  {Nattertr).  Total  length 
about  48  inches,  wing  17*5,  tail  6'5,  ciilmen  3'4,  tarsua  3*6, 

Female.  Similar  to  the  male,  only  smaller. 

Yoking.  No  frontal  knob  ;  head  and  neck  brown,  lighter  than  in 
the  adult ;  the  white  feathers  have  mety  edges,  more  conspicuous 
on  the  upper  parts  ;  tips  of  the  primaries  and  shafts  of  the  qaills 
chocolate-brown.     (Stejtuffer.') 

Young  in  down.     ^Vhlte,  the  upper  parts  with  a  faint  greyish 


2.  CHBK0PI8.  _,_ 

Typo. 

GheQOpiB,  Wa^.  Int.  1832,  p.  1234 C.  atrate. 

Cheoopsia,  ScAni.  Ao.  ^H.  Nat.  p.  x  (1862).] 

Sange.  Confined  to  AuBtralia. 

1.  Chenopu  atarata. 

Black  Swan,  IMl.  Sot.  Bay,  p.  98  (ITSfi)  ;  Labiil.  Vuy.  in  Search  of 

La  Piroute,  Engl.  ed.  i,  p.   184,   pi.  9  (ISOOj ;  Lath.  Gen.  &/n. 

iSvpfL  ii.  p.  343  (1801). 
Aubs  atrata,  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  iL  p.  834,  n.  4  (1790)  i   .Bonz.  m.  di 

Zool  iii.  pL  u:.  p.  97  (1826) ;    Yarr.  Tr.  Xm«.  Soc.  iv.  p.  382, 

pi.  xii.  (tracliea)  (1826). 
Anser  dots  hoUandiffi,  Bonn.  Eite.  Mith.  i.  p.  108,  n.  4  (1790)  lex 

Phuup*). 

Ados  plutouia,  Shato,  Nat.  Mac.  m.  pi.  108  (1791) ;  Ctn.  Biyn.  An. 

i.  p.  629  (1817). 
Cypie  noir,  LatOL  Voy.  ree.  La  Plr.  i.  p.  184,  pi.  9  (1800). 
Cygniis  atratiis,  VieUl.  N.  D.  ii.  p.  SO  (1817) ;   Dum.  Diet.  So.  Nat. 

m.  p.  314  (1818) ;   Steph.  Gat.  Zool.  xii.  2,  p.  18,  pi.  39  (1824) ; 

VieiU.  Gal.  Oia.  ii.  p.  215,  pi.  286  (1826) ;    Fair.  Zool.  Joun.  it. 

p.  321  (1828)  i  Zeis.  Man.  d'Om.  ii.  p.  407  (1828) ;  id.  Tr.  d'Om, 

p.  629,  pi.  48.  f.  1  (1831) ;   Bennett,  Gard.  ^  Menag.  Zool.  See., 

Birds,  p.  46,  with  figure  (1831)  j   Heron,  P.  Z.  S.  1835,  p.  107  ; 

Leu.  Compl.  de  Buff.,  Oie.  ix.  p.  620  (1837) ;   id.  op.  at.  2ud  ed. 

p.  718  (1838) ;  Blaitw.  Compt.  Bend.  yii.  p,  1026  (1838) ;  Leu.  Xev. 

Zool.  1839,  p.  323 ;   .Hupp.  Mut.  Senekenb.  iii.  p.  9  (1839) ;  O.  B. 

Gr.Gen.  3.  iii.  p.  610,  n.  9  (1844);  Sartl  Suit.  Verz.  Gee.  Mm. 

p.  118  (1844) ;   Gould,  B.  Atatr.  vii.  p.  0  (pt,  xx.,  1846) ;   Bchnb. 

Svn.  Av.,  NataWres,  t.  106.  ff.  251-62  (1846),  t.  107.  f.  2362 

(i860)   (srOouW);   Licht.   Nomencl.  Av.  p.   101  (1654);   Sclat. 

P.  Z.  S.  1869,  p.  206  (incubfttioD) ;    Criep,  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  238, 

1862,  p.  142;  Schl^.  Mtu.  P.-3.,  Anseres,  p.  80  {1806)[   MUU. 

P.  Z.  S.  1869,  p.  280;   Sdat.   ibid.  p.  620;   Gtei.  Thes.  Om.  i. 

p.  855  (1872) ;  Pek.  Ibis,  1873,  p.  46 ;  Garr.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p,  348 ; 

Sanu.  Pr.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.  W.  p.  200,  n.  646  (1878) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S. 

1880,  p,  607;  ^f*«,P.Z.S.  I882,p.S52;  Bchnio.Om.CfntraibL 

1882,  p.  39;  W.  Toy. Zoo/. Gflrt. p. 70  (1882);  Sclat.  Liit  FerL  An. 

8th  ed.  p.  424  (1883);   Leyge,  Pr.  Roy.  Soc.  Taem.  1886   p.  244 

{Taamama}  (1886) ;  Bamt.  Tab.  List  Auetr.  B.  p,  22,  n.  657  (1888) ; 

EaanM,  Ibis,  1891,  p.  71  (incubation) ;   Hartert,  Kat.  VogeUamwi. 

p.  226  (1891)  i   Sharpe,  Cat.  Otleol.  Spec.  CoU.  Surg.   iii.  p.  296 

(1891). 
Chenopis  atraln,  IVayl.  Isis,  1832,  p.  1234;  Bp.  Compt.  Bmd.  xliii. 

p.  648,  a.  7  (1S66) ;   Omld,  Uandi.  B.  Auetr.  ii.  p.  34G  (1865) ; 

Ramn.  Ibis,  1866,  p.  335  (Pott  Deniwni);   Hutton,  Ibis,  1870, 

p.  397  (AuckJaad,  intwduo^*^'-*^-"*  J7„-AiW  ;:i   ,.  7a 

n.  lOflOC  (1871) ;  Burnt.  F.  2 

Mue.  V.  p.  2in  (1883). 
Chenopais  atraU,  BehiA,  4 
I  plutuoiiu,  r"    ' 


Eybridi, 


Adult  male.  firowDisb  black,  the  under  surface  paler  than  the 
opper ;  the  feathers  of  the  back  tipped  with  greyish  brown ;  pri- 
mariee  and  secondaries  pnre  white ;  tertiaries  and  scapulars  crisp  : 
"  bill  pinky  scarlet,  crossed  near  the  tip  with  a  broad  band  of  white ; 
tlie  extremities  of  both  mandibles  are  also  white  ;  irides  scarlet ; 
eyelash  and  lores  pinky  scarlet ;  feet  black  "  (Qouid).  Total  length 
^)ont  40  inches,  wing  19,  tail  46,  oulmen  2-8,  tarsus  3'7. 

FemaU.  Similar,  but  somewhat  smaUer. 

Toung  in  dmm.  Upper  surfaoe  light  brownish  grey ;  nnder 
surface  whit«;  chin  and  throat  white,  changing  gradually  into  the 
greyish  tinge  of  the  cheeks ;  bill  and  lores  brownish  black  ;  nail  of 
the  bill  white  ;  feet  dull  greyish  browa  ;  later  on  the  Cygnets  get 
greyish  also  on  the  nnderparta, 

H(^.  Australia,  except  the  northern  part,  and  Tasmania. 


a.  Ad.  St. 

Australia. 

Purchased. 

6.  Ad.  St. 

Australia. 

LordFamborough[P.]. 

e.  Ad.  sk. 

AustMlia. 

d,e.  PulLsk. 

Gould  Coll. 

/  Juy.  ak. 

Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

g.  Ad.  8k. 

X  Ad.  sk.  [pale 

N.  S.  Wales. 

Hume  Coll. 

Adelaide. 

Adelaide  Museum  [P.]. 

Tariety]. 

I  Pnll.Bt 

Southport  R.,  Tasmania. 

Oould  CoIL 

k.  Pull.  at. 

Bonks  of  the  R.  Thames. 

i,m.PuU.Bt. 

J.  Baker,  Esq.  [P.]. 

Australia. 

I.  Sternum  with  trachea. 


3.  GoeooBOBA.  43 

Gkuiso  bianco,  U^Asara^  Apunt,  ill.  p.  406,  n.  426  (1805) ;  id,  Voy, 
(Sonnini's  ed.)  iv.  p.  325,  n.  426  (1809). 

Anser  Candidas,  Vietil,  N,  D.  xziii.  p.  331  (1816) ;  id,  JEnc.  MHh,  i. 
p.  351  (1823) ;  ^h,  Oen,  Zod,  zii.  1,  p.  38  (1824) ;  Dum,  Diet. 
So,  Nat,  XXXV.  p.  471  (1825). 

Cygnus  anatoides,  Kinfft  P*  Z*  S.  1830,  p.  15;  Eyt,  Man.  Anat. 
p.  101  (1838) ;  Less,  Compl,  de  Buff,,  Ois.  ix.  p.  528  (1837) ;  id. 
op.  cit,  2nd  ed.  p.  718  (1838) ;  Blainv,  Compt,  Bend,  vii.  p.  1026 
(1838);  Less.  Bev,  Zool,  1839,  p.  323;  GiUr,'M4n.  ibid.  p.  324; 
Cunmngh.  Bns,  1868,  p.  488 ;  Byt.  Syn.  Anat,  p.  49  (1869). 

Cygnus  hyperboreus,  jyOrb,  (nee  Pall,)  Vou.  Am.  M4r.^  Bin,  ii.  p.  304 
(note)  (1839) ;  id.  Wiegm.  Arch,  1839,  i.  p.  57. 

Olor  coscoroba,  G,  B,  Or.  List  B.  Brit.  Mus.  iii.  p.  131  (1844). 

Cygnus  coscoroba,  G,  B,  Gr,  4*  Mitch,  Gen,  B,  iii.  p.  610,  n.  8,  pi.  166 
(1844)  ;  Bchnb,  St/n,  Av.,  Natatores,  1. 106.  f.  966  (1845)  (ex  Mitch, 
^  Gr.)  ;  Hara,  Ind,  Az,  Apunt,  p.  27,  n.  426  (1847) ;  Bes  Murs 
in  Gay's  Hist,  Nat.  Chile,  i,  p.  446  (1848) ;  Sclat,  P.  Z.  S.  1860, 
p.  388 ;  Burm.  J,/.  0. 1800,  p.  266 ;  id.  La-Plata  Beise,  ii.  p.  512 
(1861)  (Parand) ;  Aibott,  Ibis,  1861,  p.  159  (Falklands) ;  Pelz. 
Beise  Novara,  Voy,  p.  137  (1865) ;  Scnley,  Mus.  P,-B,,  Aiiseres, 
p.  83  (1866) ;  Sclat,  P,  Z,  S,  1867,  pp.  334,  339  (Cbili) ;  PhU,  <$• 
Landb.  Cat.  Av,  ChU.  p.  41  (1868) ;  Sclat.  ^  Salv.  Ibis,  1869, 
p.  284  (Rio  Galegos) ;  Sclat,  P,  Z,  S,  1870,  p.  666,  1871,  p.  545 ; 
Gid>,  Thes,  Om,  i.  p.  855  (1872);  Bunn.  P.  Z.  8. 1872,  p.  365; 
Oarrod,  P,  Z,  S,  1873,  pp.  467  (carotids),  639;  Sclat,  §•  Salv, 
Nomend,  Av,  Neotrop,  p.  129,  n.  2  (1873) ;  Hd,  P,  Z,  S,  1876, 
p.  371 ;  Dumf.  Ibis,  1876,  p.  163,  1877,  p.  41  (Chuput),  p.  191, 
1878,  p.  400 ;  Gibson,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  36 ;  Dumf.  ibid.  p.  425 ;  Sclat, 
P,  Z,  S,  1880,  p.  507 ;  Forbes,  P,  Z,  S,  1882,  p.  352 ;  Sclat,  List 
VeH,  An.  8th  ed.  p.  425  (1883) ;  Berl.  J,  f,  O.  1887,  p.  124 ; 
Withinyt,  Ibis,  1888,  p.  471 ;  Burm,  Anal,  Mus,  Nac,  Buen.  Aires, 
iii  p.  247  (1888) ;  Frenz.  J.f,  0, 1891,  p.  125  (Cordova). 

Anas  chionis,  IUig.,Jide  G.  B.  Gr,  Gen,  B.  iii.  p.  610  (1844). 

Coscoroba  Candida,  Bchnb,  Av.  Syst,  Nat,  p.  x  (1852);  Stejn,  Pr. 
U,S,  Nat,  Mus,  V.  p.  179  (note)  (1882) ;  Sclat.  Argent,  Om,  ii. 
p.  126  (1889) ;  Kerr,  Ibis,  1890,  p.  358 ;  Berk,  James,  New 
List  ChU,  B,  p.  9,  n.  148  (ChiH)  (1892) ;  Holland,  Ibis,  1892, 
p.  206  (Argentina) ;  Aplin,  Ibis,  1894,  jp.  200  (Uruguay). 

Cygnus  chionis,  Licht,  Nomencl.  Av,  p.  101  (1854) ;  Pelz,  (J*  Lorenz, 
Ann.  k,  naturhist,  Hofmus,  iii.  p.  58  (1888). 

Coscoroba  chionis,  Bp.  Compt,  Bend,  xliii.  p.  648,  n.  8  (1856) ;  0.  B. 
Or,  Hand-list,  iii.  p.  79,  no.  10606  (1871). 

Pseudocycnus  coscoroba,  Sund,  Meth,  nat,  Av,  disp.  Tent.  p.  147 
(1872) ;  Hein.  4'  Bchnw.  Nom.  Mus,  Hein.  Om.  p.  340  (1890). 

Pseudolor  chionis,  Bchnw.  Om,  Centralbl,  1882,  p.  ^ ;  id,  Vbg,  Zool, 
GdH.  p.  69  (1882). 

Coecorobia  coscoroba,  Stejn,  Kingsl,  Stand.  Nat,  Hist.  iv.  p.  147  (1885). 

Pseudolor  coscoroba,  Martert,  Kat,  Vogelsamml,  p.  226,  n.  3350 
(1891). 

AdiAU  male.  White,  but  the  tips  of  the  primaries  black :  '^  irides 
light  speckled  red"  {Wiihington) ;  "bill  and  feet  flesh-colour" 
'^KoK,  MS.),     Total  length  40  inches,  wing  17-5,  taU  5-8, 
■^.  tanas  3-8. 

lar  to  the  male. 


HtA.  Paraguay,  Uruguay,  Argentina,  Chili,  Patagonia,  and  Falk- 
land Islands. 


c.  Ad.  St. 

d.  cf  ad.  ek. 

e.  Ad.  ek. 
/.  <J  ad.  Bk. 


8.  America. 

Southern     S.    America 

{Capt.  Emg). 
OhiU. 
Chili,  Feb. 
Chili  (  Weithat^t). 
BuenoB  AyreH,  A])ril  {F, 

WiUiington). 
Falkland  la. 


Di.  Robertaon,  R.N.  [P.]. 

Eyton    ColL      [Tjiw    of 

Cygmtt  anatoidtt,  King.) 

Furchaiad. 
Salvin-Godman  Ooll. 
SdaterColL 

'  Challenger '  Exp.* 


Subfamily  II.  ANSERA.NATIN^. 


4.  AHSEKAHAS. 
AaserBnaA  (Mus^imre),  Lett.  Man.  d'Om.  ii.  p.  41 

(1828) ;  id.  Tr.  tCOm.  p.  633  (1831)    

CboriatopuB,  Eyton,  Mtm.  Anat.  p.  8  (1838)   .... 

Range.  Con&ied  to  Australia  and  Tasmania, 


A.  Bemipalmata. 
A.  semipalmata. 


1.  Aiuflranas  sflinipalmat&. 
Anas  semipalmata,  Lath.  Tr.  Litm.  Son.  iv.  p.  103  (1798)  (ex 

LamhtthU  ie.  mtd.) ;   id.  Ind.  Om.,  Suppl.  p.  liix.  n.  2  (1801) ; 

rarr«ll,  Tr.  Lwi.  Soc.  xv.  2,  p.  363,  pk.  ziii.,  xiv.  (tiachea) 

(1827). 
Black  and  White  Goose,  Lath.  Qen.  Syn.  Si^pl.  ii.  p.  344  (1801). 
Semipabnated  Ooose,  Laih.  Oen.  Sun.  Smpl.  ii.  p.  347,  pi.  ISd 

(1801). 


3^C  ^Zl  Id^  Gdnt*  ;  AHiJr  .'  '  O  jiwL  x  t  TicuHr* 
Ojmi:':  JtsiowSL^Z  ft  l-<e-i^3«:  Arwc  >*  Z  i  l-ttJi^x  US 
IuhL  ^rtHt.  :  CrMbic..SiHidr.  j:  .ikH::-  i.x  iS  :i-i«;  -  hsm^. 
Mm.  l-'li^  Asma^  x  fe  ::?*fir.  :  Jfij:  >  Z  *  1-Hfc.  %  if**: 
^.  i  ^  ^0ii^-C  £.1.  Ti-  L  j;CEi  >n  :  O^gL  Taim,  'OnL.  L 
X  Sr«    l-Ti?  :  Jou.  >.  Z  «  1^^^L  i.  air.  :  .t.  >-.  2jk.  im^ 

^-Z  ft  Irr^'-.TH.  4/r.  im  :  -TiTTiB^.  2.  Z  ft  LrrcLi^  i;5I    'sas^MSL  ; 

C7Z311S  meJBD-.iWnnK.  6dM|:.  J«i!S*nc  x.  ^77   lM4^ 

Cjhemxdiidf  jBKixmk  neum^  &»£.  JKa.  aic.  ^i.  dm .  J«m:.  x-  14^ 
Tl-'r?':   j&snvc   ^»-:p.  Zi«l  (rirr    -u  *J^    Z.*f^  :   -£>».  Jr 
Jfinfc  JTw  jE«fc  Otl  V  *^'   -**^^  ■ 

Cic.  Oir:.  *5««r   Cm*:,  ftwy.  it.  i.  .5*   1**;  , 


-wm  1t"Z.  -aul  •.-  "nZ  b^*.  ibtbiif  -^>*^ 

/vmiicrT*  r«-dt  iieT>:  liic-  naici*:  of  laie  bKsk  sue  ncigimszf^  lUBck : 
de  Bfla  of  TJit  ftTT  bimoc  bidckiil.  vIlL  hd  ^ultj  prDBii!siaii&.  or 


c  '^  ■£.  K.  PoR  EBsnrtmL  J.  B.  Jiike&.  &q.  ~P/ 

it  AiL  HL.  X.  S.  Wutt.  Hmw  CnlL 

«.  Ad.  «-  Mnmrr  K.  Sr  G.  Garr  "P.". 

^  Ad.  t.  S.  AnstnJiiu  Sr  G.  Gt^t  y^.\ 

f.  SEtugtazL.  ^.  Awc^Tifc  Z:iqL  Soc:. 

i.  SkbtscoL.  Sii}TiiHij!rodinBn  GaL. 
i,  2l  ggyifttniK. 


SuTifMnflT  nL  PLECTBOPTEBIX-E. 

Krv  tv  ik[  Gfa&fra. 

m,  harm  imksA :  f  aB<bheftd  acod  htm  of  tbt*  boll 

fnrriwbed  'wii^  cinm!^IefeL.  j^  ^*^' 

it.  Jjtme  ■pm  on  iktb  ndnec ^».  PucTBOPiAjirs, 

i^.  HxBCF  "vxdioixt  onm    6.  Cazkzxju  il  SI. 

ft.  LmdkMlT'    -       ' 


16  AKATm^ 

c'.  A  luge  dsBlij  comh  on  the  base  of  th«  [p.  54. 

culmeu  of  the  male 7.  Sabcidiobhib, 

if.  No  comb  on  the  base  of  the  culmeu  of  the 

d".  Head  not  crested. 
e*.  Bill  loDger  or  equal  to  double  tbe 
depth  at  base, 
e*.  BiU  longer  or  about  the  length  of 
the  head, 
e".  Outline  of  the  loral  feotherinK 

at  the  baae  of  the  bill  with  [p.  59. 

the  convexiw  anteiioilj 8.  Asakcobiob, 

f.  Outline  of  the  loral  feathering 

at  the  baae  of  the  bill  straight  [p.  61. 

and  inclined  backwards 9.  Rhodonbssa, 

/'.  Bill  shorter  than  the  head,  with 
the  outline  of  the  loral  feathering 
at  the  base  of  the  bill  inclined 
anteriorly ;  frontal  feathers  at  the 
base  of  the  cuhnen  almost  in  a  [p.  63. 

straight  line 10,  Ptbbonbtta, 

/*,  Kll  not  ao  long  aa  double  the  depth 
at  base ;  size  verr  small ;  joung  in 
down  with  tail-feathers  very  long 

and  stiff 11.  Nmtopcb,  p.  61. 

«".  Head  creeted;  joung  in  down  with 

tail-faatheis  kmg  and  stiff 12.  ,<£x,  p.  72. 

5.  FLECTKOPTERVS. 

Plectroptema,  Zeach,  MSS. ;  SUph.  Gtn.  ZooL  3U.  2, 
p.6a824)    P. 

PlectrophniiPS,  '' TImiA "  {errnref).   Griff.,   Cur.   An. 
Kingd.  iu.  p.  600  (1829J  ;  Brandt,  Descr.  et  Ic     ' 


n.    rLECTR0PTERU8#  47 

3.  A  South-eastern  African  race  (P.  niger),  of  a  very  large  size ; 
the  adult  (?)  male  has  scarcely  any  frontal  knob,  the  throat  and 
tinder  tail-coverts  mostly  black,  the  sides  also  extensively  black,  and 
no  caruncles  on  the  naked  forehead. 

4.  A  Shoan  race  (P.  scioanus) ;  the  adult  male  (?)  is  similar  to 
that  of  P.  niger,  but  has  the  naked  skin  of  the  forehead  covered 
with  many  caruncles. 

Key  to  the  Species. 

a.  Throat  and  under  tail-coverts  white;   abdomen 

broadly  white;   adult  males  with   a  distinct 

firontal  knob,  and  bare  rhomboidal  spaces  on  the 

sides  of  the  neck. 
a'.  Frontal  knob  very  prominent  in  adult  males. .     riippeUi,  p.  47. 
h'.  Frontal  knob  smiuler  in  adult  males    ffambensis,  p.  48. 

b.  Throat  and  under  tail-coverts  mostly  black ;  the 

white  on  the  abdomen    much    reduced,    the 
black  on  the  sides  being  much  extended ;  size 
very  large. 
c\  Adult  males  with  a  small  frontal  knob ;  many 

caruncles  on  the  naked  skin  of  the  forehead. .    acioanus,  p.  51. 
d\  Adult  males  with  scarcely  any  firontal  knob, 
and  with  no  caruncles  on  the  naked  skin  of 
the  forehead nigery  p.  50. 


1.  FXectroptems  rfLppelli. 

Cygnus  gambensis,  Biipp,  (nee  Lmn.)  Mua,  Serukenb.  iii.  p.  12  t.  1 
(1889);  Sddeg.  DierentjD,,m  (1864). 

Plectropterus  gambensis,  Childr,  {nee  Linn.)  tn  Denh,  <$*  Clappert, 
Trav,  ii.  App.  p.  204  (1826) ;  Rupp.  Syst.  Uebers.  p.  187,  n.  485 
(1845)  (Abyssinia  and  Sennaar);  Itchnb,  S^.  Av,,  Natatores, 
t.  110.  f.  984  {ex  ItuppeU)  (1845) ;  Vierth.  Naumannia,  1852, 
pp.  40, 41,  42 ;  Brehm,  J,f.  O.  1854,  p.  84  (Sudan) ;  Harti,  ibid. 
p.  302  (part.);  Brehm,  Vogelf.  p.  865  (1855);  Heugl.  Uebers. 
n.  680  (1856) ;  HarU.  Syst  Om.  WeHafr.  p.  246,  n.  697  (part.) 
(1857) ;  Brehm,  J.f.  O.  1857,  p.  378  (N.E.  Afr.),  1858,  pp.  409, 
410,  471 ;  Heugl.  J.  f.  O.  1863,  pp.  4,  164 ;  Aniin.  Cat.  Descr. 

5.  112  (1864) ;  Schleg.  Mus.  F.-B.,  Anseres,  p.  93  (part)  (1866)  ; 
Teugl.  Beise  Ahess.  1861-62,  p.  288  (1868) ;  id.  Bets,  in  d.  Oeb. 
Weiss.  Nil,  1862-^,  pp.  133,  384  (1869);   id.  Feterm.   Geogr. 
Mitth.  1869,  p.  413. 
Anser  (Plectropterus)  gambensis,  Brehm,  J.  f.  O.  1853^  Extrah. 

p.  104  (N.E.  Afirica),  1855,  pp.  486,  488, 1856,  p.  468. 
P  Plectropterus  brevirostris,  Brehm,  Vogelf.  p.  365  (1855). 
Plectropterus  riippelli.  Sclat.  F.  Z.  S.  1859,  p.  182,  pi.  153.  f.  1, 

1860,  pp.  28-42  (with  cut  of  the  head  and  trachea) ;  MaHl.  J.f.  O. 

1861,  p.  272 ;  Eyt.  Syn.  Anat.  p.  24  (1869) ;  Finseh  ^  Hartl. 
Fog.  Ost-A/r.  p.  801  (part)  (1870) ;  O.  B.  Gr.  Hand-list,  iii. 
p.  73,  n.  10554  (1871) ;  Selat.  F.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  696  (ZooL  Gard.), 
1877,  p.  48,  1880,  p.  498 ;  Bchnw.  Vog.  d.  Zool.  Gdrt  p.  68 
(1882) ;  Sdat  List  VeH.  An.  8th  ed.  p.  415,  n.  942  (E.  Africa) 
(1883) ;  HarterU  Kat.  VogelsamnU.  p.  226,  n.  8352  (Abyssinia) 
(1891). 


AnM  riippellj,  part.,  QUb.  Tht*.  Om.  i.  p.  862  (1872). 
Flectropterus  gombienos,  pftrt.,  HeugL  Om.  N.O.-Afr.  iL  2,  p.  1275 
(187.4). 

Advlt  wiale.  Similar  to  that  of  P.  gamheiuie,  bnt  larger,  and  with 
a  very  high  frtintal  knob ;  tvo  rhomboidal  naked  spscee  on  the 
aideB  of  the  neck ;  cheeks  and  throat  white.  Total  length  about 
40  inches,  wing  21'6,  tail  10,  bill  from  the  gape  3'5,  tarsus  4'^. 

FtmaU,  Sinular  to  the  male,  but  smaller  and  without  the  frontal 
knob. 

Eab.  North-east  Africa,  westwards  as  far  as  the  Central  part. 

a.  [J  f]  ad.  at.  Central  Africa. 

i.  LSnBd.  Bt.  Africa. 

c.  Skelbton. 

d.  Skeleton  (head  agiired,  P.  Z.  S.  1860, 


2.  Plectroptenu  gsmbensu. 

&nser  gombensiB,  Briu.  Om.  vi.  p.  283  (1760) ;  ^utw,  Mia.  Lener. 
p.  229,  pi.  66  (1798) ;  ViaU.  N.  D.  xxiii.  p.  328,  pi.  M  2.  f.  1 
(1818);  Than.  Diet.  8c.  Nat.  mtt.  p.  464  (1835);  Bam.  Zod. 
Oard.  Menag.  ii.  p.  207  with  fi^.  (1831) ;  Le*».  Compl.  dt  Buff., 
Ou.  ix.  p.  526  (1837) ;  id.  op.  cit.  2nd  ed.  p.  717  (1838) ;  K.  ^  B. 
Wirbdth.  £ur.  pp.  IhiIt,  226  (1840) ;  Yarr.  P.  Z.  S.  1841, 
p.  71  (trachea) ;  Schleg.  Ben.  Crit.  p.  106  (Europe  ?)  (1844). 

Anas  gambensiB,  itnn.  S.  N.  i.  p.  I9fl,  d.  3  (1760) ;  Gm.  S.  JV.  L  2, 
p.  503,  n.  3  (1788) ;  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  839,  n.  19  (1790) ;  Oip. 
jRipn.  An.  i.  p.  680  (1817) ;  Lath.  Oen.  Hiit.  x.  p.  241  (1834) ; 
Cub.  B^.  An.  2nd  ed.  i.  p.  667  (1829);  Lt^.  Mag.  d*  ZooL 
1834,  p.  — .  pla.  Si),  30 ;  Qiet.  Tka.  On.  i.  p.  352  (part.)  (1872). 

Spur-wiugod  GToose,  Lath.  &/n.  iii.  2,  p.  462,  n.  15,  t.  cii.  (1785). 

Ajiser  spiQiaus,  Brnin.  Enc.  Mith.  \.  p.  118,  pi.  29.  f.  1  (1790)  (i 


I 


Se.  LUb.  1873,  p.  IBS,  ISie.  p.  289;  Sekt.  P.  Z.  S.  1877,  p.  48 
(eggj) ;  Bm.  Jom.  Ac.  Be.  Liib.  1879,  p.  1S3 ;  8<Jat.  F.  Z.  S.  1880, 
p.  48»  ( Weetem  and  8.  Africa  1) ;  Boc.  Om.  Ana.  p.  491  (1881) ; 
Rt/aiK.  I"^.  d.  Zonl.  GaH.  p.  67  (1682) ;  Sdhm,  J.  f.  O.  1882, 
p.  183  (Eabnnia,  E.  Afr.) :  TeU.  in  Holub,  Btatr.  Om.  Sudafr, 
pp.  310  &  foil,  (skeleton,  p.  311,  akuU,  pp.  3U,  317)  (18^): 
B.O.a.  LittBHt.B.  p.  114  {188S);  Sdia.  Liat  Tert.  ^n.  8th  ed. 
p.  41&  (We«t  Africa,  but  aUo  ShirS  Birer)  (18S3);  ^iarpe, 
Lm/<ird'i  B.  S.  Aft.  p.  748  (1884);  FiKher,  Ze'iUehr.  ge*.  Om. 
18!S4,  p.  303;  Siihm,  J./.  O.  1885.  p.  38;  /SrcArr,  iVrf.  p,  115; 
Satatd.  yarrtlTi  But  Br.  B.  \i.  p.  SM  (1885) ;  5rifl/.  IhU,  1886, 
p.  300.  t.  3  (roiinus)  ;  ffcAnw,  /.  /.  O.  1887,  p.  46 ;  MaUvh.  ihid. 
u.  144 ;  Shfil.  P.  Z.  &  188U,  p.  371  (Tareba,  MassaUand) ;  Sharw, 
Cal.  OtUol  Spa:.  CoU.  Sura.  iii.  p.  208  (1891) ;  Rdtnw.  V<ig.  BeuUck' 
Oa-Afr.  p.  3B,  n.  37  (1884). 

riri^tKipiiBiiea  gamben^is,  Brandt,  Dncr.  et  Icon.  An.  Sou.  Nov., 
.4r«i,bM:.i.  p.  8(1836), 

Cheoalopwi  ^mbenaa,  Tarr.  P.  Z.  S.  18il,  p.  70. 

niictn>pl«rus  8clateri,  Siuua,  Jom.  Ac.  Sc.  LUb.  ii.  p.  157  (Bistaa, 
(1609);  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1877,  p-  48;  Boe.  Om.  Ang.  pp.  403, 
498  (1881)  (  =  ganibi!nBu). 

HectKipteraii  gambotwis,  part.,  Hn^L  Om.  N.O.-Afr.  a.  p,  1375 
(1873). 

f  Plectropteras  riippellii,  Sarltrt,  J.  f.   O.   1886,  p.   Oil    (Nigei- 

malt.  Upper  porta  metallic  black,  with  green  and  purple 
neck  rather  browner;  breast  and  aides  black;  sides  of  the 
throat,  gmaller  upper  wing-coverts,  abdomen,  thighs,  and 
vnder  tail-eoTerta  whit«  ;  quiUa  and  tail-feathers  black,  with  green 
■ad  purple  lustre  :  Eronta]  knob,  bare  forehead,  and  bill  coral-red  ; 
luked  part  of  cheeks  grey :  nail  o[  the  bill  white ;  feet  flesh-colour; 
iridea  hazel  {tpecimen  livint/  in  the  Zool.  Oard.  in  London,  tixiee 
1890t.  Total  length  ttboat'38  laches,  wing  17-20,  toil  7-9,  bill  3- 
8'5,  tarsuB  3-4-4. 
The  forehead  is  more  or  lees  prominent,  and  in  very  old  birds 
ft  distinct,  frontal  knob ;  again  in  the  older  birds  the  cheeka 
more  and  more  nuked,  and  also  in  some  a  small  and  irregular 
•paoe  appears  on  Ibe  sides  of  the  neck  (Bocuffe) ;  according 
r.  Bohtn  (J.  f.  O.  1SS2,  p.  1S2),  there  is  much  indiTiduol 
mtetaon  as  regards  the  size  of  the  frontal  knob  and  the  naked 
■pMU  on  the  sides  of  the  neck. 

Ftmai*.  Similar  to  the  male,  but  Bmalicr,  and  the  naked  part  of 
ihe  ch«eks  less  extended  {Btxage), 

A  female  in  the  Zoological  Gardens  in  London,  acquired  in  IS90 
and  stilt  living,  is  smnller  than  the  male,  has  no  frontal  knob,  and 
the  forehead  feathered ;  tbo  feathers  of  the  cheeks  are  white,  as  in 
Uwmalo. 

nte  lOiing  l^rdt  hare  the  cheeks  and  the  forehead  entirely 
feathered. 

Toting  iu  rfoum.  Pnle  yellowish,  with  the  upper  parts  pale  brown, 
tvo  jedowish  spots  on  Uie  back  at  the  baae  of  the  wings,  and  two 
VOL.  xiTn.  B 


JK>  AtHTIDX. 

-others  on  tlie  ndee  of  the  ramp ;  eidea  of  the  bead  yellowish ;  thioBt 
white. 

Bab,  Western  Africa  and  aeross  to  the  East,  iW>m  Uasai-land  to 
the  Zambesi. 


a.  Ad.<t 
A.  Imra.  et 
«.  PuU.  at. 
4.  Imm.  sk. 
«,/.  Imm.  ak. 
g.  <}  ad.  ek. 

A._[(fP]ad.ak.« 

•'.  $  ad.  ak. 

k.  a  pnlL  ak. 

I  a  ad.  Bk.« 
«.r2F]ad.ek. 


Africa. 

W.  Africa. 

W.  Afiica. 

Accra  (/.  Shnith). 

R.  Niger. 

CuDeoe,  Angola,  April  (At*- 

chiela). 
Taraba,E.  Afi,  (Mawai-laiid). 

Lake  Scherwa,  Njaasa-land, 
May. 

Myaaaa-lapd,  Maj. 


Capt.  Sabine  [P.]. 
Purchased. 
Shellej  CoU. 
Dr.  Baikie  [C.]. 
Prof.    Barboia     du 

BoCKffB  fP.l. 

[P.].  ^ 

H.H.  Johnston,  Esq. 

[P.].  ^ 

H.H.JoIiiuton,EBq. 

[P.].  ^ 

Sir  J.  Kirk  [0.1 
Sir  J.  Kirk  [C.]. 

Salvin-Qodman  Coll. 


3.  Flectroptsnu  niger. 
Flectroptenu  gambensie,  part,  O.  R.  Or.  Litt  B.  Brit.  Miu.  iii. 

L126,  apecim.  d  (Cape')  {1844) ;  Layarti,  B.  S.  Afr.  p.  346  (deecr. 
mbedj  (1867);  P  Ckapm.  Trav.  tn  &  Afr.,  .■  — ' 

Sutl.,  Ff^.,  4-  Beid,  Zoolcff. " 

Om.  Sudafr.  p.  310  (1882). 
Aiuer  gariepensiB,  EMm,  MS.  m  Mut.  Vindob.,^ 


Afr.,  Adv.  p.  422(]868): 
126(Nabil)i  if. 


SUdafr.  p.  321  (1882). 
Plectropterua  uigur,  IHelat.  B.Z.H.  1877,1 


'lectropterua  mgur,  HeliA.  P.  Z.  .S'.  18j7,  p,  4i 
IhTiten.P.Z.  S.  1879,  p.  r>jSelat.  P.  Z.S.  1 


1860, p.  498  (ZnnMlar. 


6.   CAIBIKA.  51 

Hah.  Zanzibar^  according  to  Sclater,  but  probably  confined  to 
Transvaal,  Natal,  and  South  Africa. 

4L  c^  ad.  sk.  Potchefstroom,  July  (T.  J.  H.  Gumej,  Esq. 

^yres).  [P.]. 

b,  (S  inun.  sL  TransvaiBd.  J.  H.  Gumej,  Esq. 

e.  c^  ad.  sk.  [Zanzibar]  died  Aug.  Zool.  Sec    (Type  of 

species.) 

dL  $  ad.8L  In  captivity.  Hon.  Miss  Rose  Hub- 

bard [P.]. 

e.  Jnv.  st  Cape  of  Gk>od  Hope.  South       African 


Museum  [P.]. 


4.  FlectropteniB  sdoanns. 


Plectropterus  niger,  Sahad,  (nee  Sdat.  ?)  Ann.  Mus,  Oiv,  Gen.  (2)  i. 

p.  238  (Shos)  (1884),  vi.  p.  818  (Shoa}  (1888). 
Plectropterus  scioanus,  Salvad.  Ann.  Mus.  Civ.  Oen.  (2)  L  p.  239 

(Shoa)  (1884),  vi.  p.  319  (Shoa)  (1888). 

Similar  to  P.  niger^  having  black  throat  and  cheeks,  no  bare 
spaces  on  the  sides  of  the  neck,  or  seldom  a  very  small  one,  and  the 
under  tail-coverts  mostly  black,  but  has  a  small  frontal  knob, 
covered,  like  the  skin  of  the  forehead,  with  many  camndes ;  size 
large,  as  in  P.  tUger. 

Hab.  Shoa. 


6.  CAIMNA. 

Cairina,  Fleming,  PMl.  of  Zool  ii.  p.  260  (1822) C.  mo^sU. 

MoechAtus  (subgenus),  Less.  Man.  d^Om.  ii.  p.   416 

(1828) C.  moschata. 

Gvmnatbus  (subgenus),  NuttaUy  Man.  Om.  ii.  p.  403 

'(1834)     C.  moschata. 

Carina,  :Egton,  Mon.  Anal.  pp.  47, 142  (1838). 
Hvonetta,  $und.  Meth.  not.  Av.  di$p.    Tent.  p.   146 

'(1873)     C.  moschata. 

Moecha,  "  Leach;'  fide  G.  B.  Gr.  Hand-list,  iii.  p.  85 

(1871). 

Range.  Tropical  America. 

1.  Cairina  moschata. 

Anas  sylvestris,  Marcgr.  Hist.  Nat  Bras.vt.  213. 
Anas  cairina,  Aldrov.  Om.  iii.  p.  199,  t.  200,  201. 
Anas  moschata,  Linn.  S.  N.  i.  p.  199,  n.  16  (1766) ;  Gni.  S.  N.  i. 

2,  p.  615,  n.  16  (1788)  ;  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  u.  p.  846,  n.  37  (1790) ; 

Bonn.  Enc.  Mith.  i.  p.  124,  pi.  34.  f.  1  (1790) ;  Lath.  Tr.  Linn. 

Soc.  iv.  p.  113,  pi.  xiv.  ff.  1,  2,  xvii.  ff.  6,  6  (trachea)  (1798)  ;  PaU. 

Zoogr.  Bosso-As.  ii.  p.  258  (Caspian  Coasts)  (1811) ;   VieiU.  N.  D. 

V.  p.  129  (1816) ;   Dum.  Did.  Sc.  Nat.  vi.  p.  350  (1817) ;  Wied, 

Beise  Bras.  i.  pp.  61, 163,  206,  202,  326,  327"  (1820) ;  Licht.  Verz. 

s2 


Sam.  El.  di  Zool.  iij.  Q,  p.  lOS 
iQ);'Yarri:ll,  Tr.  linn.  'Soc.  xv.  p.  390,  pi.  it.  f.  a  (trachea) 

(io28)  ;  lot.  Man.  d'Orn.  ii.  p.  416  (1828) ;  id.  Tr.  if  OrB.j).639 

(1831);  ir»rf,£«(r.iT.p.01O  (Brazil)  (1832);  Sordm.inDfmid. 

Toy.  iii.  p.  290  (1840) ;  SchUg.  Rev.  Crit.  p.  107  (1844) ;  Ikgl. 

Om.  Ew.  ii.  p.  421  (1849);  Sehleg.  Mae.  P.-B.,  Anseres.p.  73 

(1806)  i  Gidt.  Thes.  Om.  i.  p.  357  (1872). 
Brentft  moschnte,  Scop.  Ann.  I.  But.  JVa(.  p,  68,  n.  85  (1709). 
Anns  indicB,  Ger.  Om.  v.  pis.  668,  600  (1776). 
Anaa  regia,  Mol.  Sagg.  Star.  Hat.  Chili,  p.  234  (1782) ;  Gm.  S.  X.  i. 

2,  p.  608, 11.  61  (1783);  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  847,  ii.39  (1790); 

Bonn.  i-nc.  Mm.  i.  p.  126  (1790) ;   Vital.  N.  D.  v.  p.  137  (1816) ; 

Dum.  Diet  Se.  Nat.  vlp.  362  (1817). 
Canaid  musqug,  UAvbent.  Fl.  EnL  989  (17—  F) ;  Buff.  Hilt.  Nat. 

Oil.  ii.  p.l02,pl.  0  (1783). 
Muscovy  Duck,  Lalh.  St/k.  iii.  2,  p.  476,  n.  31  (1786) ;  id.  SuppL  ii, 

p.  348  (1801). 
Anas  merianiB,  Shatc,  Nat.  Miie.  ii.  pi.  69  (1791). 
Pato  CTMide  d  real,  S'J^r.  Apunt.  m.  p.  410,  n.  427  (1805). 
Grand  Canard,  B'Asn-.  Voy.  iSonn.  ed)  ir.  p.  827  (1809). 
Cairina  mogchata,  Flem.  Phil,  of  Zool.  ii.  p.  260  (1822)  :  id.  Brit, 

Anim.  p.  122  (1828) ;  Jen.  Man.  p.  230  (1835)  ;  K.^  B.  WirbeUh. 

Eur.  pp.  Imsv,  227  (Caspian  Sea)  (1840);  Hartl.Verx.  Oe».  Mm. 

p.  120  (1844) ;   Tsch.  Wiegm.  Arch.  1844,  i.  p.  315  (Pem)  (1844)  ; 

G.  R.  Or.  Lia  B.  Brit.  Mut.  iii.  p.  140  (1844) ;  id.  Gen.  B.  iii. 

p,  618  (1846) ;  Rcknb.  Syn.  Av.,  Natatores,  t.  06.  ff.  196-187, 168, 

930  (domestica)  (1845) ;  Ttch.  Faun.  Per.,  Aoet,  p.  64  (1845-46) ; 

Ooste,  B.  Jam.  p.  408  (1847) ;  Sartl.  Ind.  Axar.  Apunt.  p.  27, 

n.  427  (1847) ;  Cab.  in  Sckomb.  Reite  Gatan.  iii.  p.  703  (1848) ; 

Kehnb.  Ac.  Sytt.  Nat.  p.  x   (1852) ;    Wied,  Naumannia,  1852,  2, 

p.  64  (Cuba);    Licht.  Nomend.  Av.  p.  101   (1864);  Bp.   Compt. 

Jtmd.  xliii.  p.  649,  n.  41  (1860)  :  Bumi.  Sijil.  Vd>.  Tkiere  Bras. 

iii.  sp.  440  (1866) ;  Moure,  P.  Z.  S.  1859,  p.  06  (Honduras) ;  Sclat. 

a-  .Salr.  IhU,  imK  p.  ^32  (C^ntr,  Am.) ;  Tayl.  Ibi».  1660,  p.  316 

(Hoadurnal;  llurm.  J.f.  O.  1860,  p.260  (Pamn&,.Tueuiiuui) ;   "' 


53 

€«cciA  fvlvHiRS.  St^pk,  Gtm,  Zr^  zn.  ^  PL  rd,  ?L  «( aSU). 
AaM  G^n^aMZtui^  a>=cA*;:a.  XwAt.  JUmm,  Orm.  '±^¥]S^  p1^M>. 

pL.^£^v4«,a=:^a     lid?  :  ii  Sf».  ^*«r/j.  I'JO  rlj*. 
Hvu3£Ca  safwrf^r*.  Sn£  Jitik,  mit,  A-^,  4i*p.  TtmL  p^  \4^  1^^; 
'Own.  B.y.'We*t^  p. -SSl*  ^^74-:   iS^iwr.  F^^.  dL  Ze^'J,  GmU 
y.  »  1^5  :  JT^jHAer,  J.  f.  O.  1^5.  pu  IIS    i:e=*wce,  E-  .Vfaem); 
JGEfBv  i- iSloicsar.  3r-^.  JfsjL  ITa^  1^>. 


ff^-rids. 


fedTT.  Z>9>ft:J2i«    *»  ri«2..,  Ur.  1?.  Ll  pL  il^  l^lsj  (= 

pL^.ti^r'  :  iLEmnp.F-an,^4i\  .l^j  :  ^S^iyt. /m«.  £ei^ 
p.  1*\  !i.  :*^  1^45  :  Sciif^  J&r.  OtdL  p,  lt>5    1^4*.. 

p.  51^    =  A-  V«ca*s  X  C.  3i:j5ci*2Ai. 
A3m  TiATnm    6^;iM»,  J5.  Jtm.  p.  3t^    1^7  •  =?A.  Vxc&aa  y  C. 

'Ii«3B^  p.  ^*?  Li:ii!r  liLiad     IrfuT  . 
Falirila  rail.  ^^  Amm,  X^  X  l".  t.  p.  :ili>  liS'.    =  JL  h^yaehm 

X  C,  -ni'iyhara  :  uL  J.f.  O.  I'^S^x  p.  -^. 
Aius  TtriiiHEnea,  -i'flf..^*4f  £a.  dmpt.  RfmL  xliiL  p.  '^-Id   \^jiI^. 
A2a«  ii:oaz»uu  Pitt.  ^Irct.  Xrfanry.  I'ifa:'.  L  a   i4:  ^St^iiEf.  P.  Z.  S. 

Ii*?7.  pp.  :!:Jrx  -J*?,  l-^lft.  p.  .i31  .  =  A.  b«j«c£ifc»  x  C.  aicacama  l 
Csir-isa  zJiflcisaCA  x   Amh*  ariachiW.  L/^^rri.  J.  <  O.  1^J»1  pp.  i2IX 

ill ;  iZjrtErt.  KxL  rwfimmL  p.  :i2>.  x  :5»1   li&l •. 
CixrJia  TTi-^raia  -'  x  iJilcKia  T-i.paii9i*r  i  .  L^^t^rk.  I.  i  p.  ±30. 
C«zzaui  Tifwrhna  2    x   Aoder  cssts^fiii   f .  Le-xrk,  J.  <  O.  Is90. 

Cairfna  oicachaSA  2    '<  Anna  djpcaa  -• ,  L^reri,  L  t 
Cairimi  -nt.iyh^ia  2   x  Tjikcxa  s^ypCiiea.  f .  Ler:erk.  L  c 

Jthui  maU,  Head,  crest,  neck,  ami  lo'vrer  porta  browTL-oLaek : 
Liw^r  liziiii  :ieck  uui  ':;uik  'iark  zreen  with,  i^  parole  ^ioas.  «sdlL 
f»* <*«**'  m.-irgaed  Ttm  bLu:k:  acapolora.  terrial-s.  Tipper  ZiH- 
co^erta.  iiui  tail  z!imj?t  iaric  zreen  :  iDT^^r  lad  ar.iier  vin;r-'-'orerta, 
£ke  uhfi  ixilloriea.  wiifte :  primariea  zioasr  black :  ^tKoodories 
Tn.»ranrtf»  zreeii.  wlch.  1  blx.s'fi  loatre:  sties  iLio^.  widi  i  zreen 
giofiB :  bill  Tiried  widi  hLtrgish  ind  pin  kinh  w!iite.  '?at  the  Tanncles 
OIL  tiie  forehead  ami  aroond  ihe  naked  peri'iCTiIar  ^k:'ii  bri:^r  pinkiflii 
Fed:  Dwc  biiick:  iria  br^wn-j-iiDow.  Ticai  latrrb.  iboai  rl>  inches, 
wis^  14'5.  tail  7-o*  colmea  ::*5.  tarsus  2*3. 

EsmaU*  Siznilar  ro  die  male,  but  ouieli  <«ina2er.  and  Tich  30 
CEnzncIes  on  die  head.  Toral  Length  iboor  :^  inohea,  win?  L2*5. 
tail  5--5,  «:iilmen  :hL  tarsna  1-5. 

ImmtEtwrt  bizda  are  Lea  ziofliy  and  ba^e  die  wing'-eirrata  brown- 
black. 


64 

Young,  Bimilar  to  the  immature  bird,  bat  eadi  featlier  of  tfae 
nnderparts  has  a  Babapical  brown  spot  and  the  maigina  wbltiah 
tinged  with  oohreons. 

Sab,  Tropical  America  from  Kexioo  to  Paraguay. 

Pieudio,  Mexico,  March  (A.    SalTin-Qodman  ColL 
CoininBl  I.,  Yocatan  (<7.  F.    SalviD-Godman  CoU. 


a.  6  ad.  flk. 

6.  Ad.  ■][. 

o,  d.  <;  $  ad.  al 

e.  iS  ad.  St. 

f.  6  ad.  at. 
ff.  Ad.  sk. 
A.  <;  ad.  at 

i.  Imm.ati 

k.  6  imni.ak. 


(O.  S.). 
S.  America. 
8.  America. 
S.  Ameiica. 


Britiah  QoiaiM. 


Furchaaed. 

Sir  E.  Belcher  [P.J. 

Purchased. 

Lord  Stuart  deRoth- 


Sii 


']Fi^ 


shombor^ 
Cell 


p.  S  tA.A. 
;.  cf  ad-ak. 


r.  6  ad.  ak. 


Boraima,  Brit.  Quiana,  Maj 
(Jf.  WhiUly). 

l-o.  S  ad.,  imm.,    Paataia,£cuador(C.AiaU!y).    Salvin-Godman ColL 
et  juv.  A. 
•-'-'-  TB'bae,E.Fera(J.Sattxv>elti.    Salnn-Godinan ColL 

Upper   Ucayali,    July    (E.       H.  J.  Elwe^  Esq. 

Bartlttt).  [PJ. 

lUo  Parang  Sept  H.   Dnmford,    Esq. 

[P.]. 
Zool.  Soc. 

Htbbids. 
Cairina  moK^tata  x  Atuu  boKtu, 

P.  H.  Clone,    Esq. 

Salviii-nodmai.  Coll. 


7.  BABOIDIORmS.  55 

Anser  melanonotus,  Perm,  in  Forst,  Ind,  Zool.  (2nd  ed.  P)  p.  21,  pi.  xi. 
(Ceylon  and  Madaffascar)  (1781). 

Oie  de  la  c6te  de  Coromandel,  D'Aubent,  PL  Enl,  987. 

Oie  broDz^e,  Buff,  Hist.  Nat.  Ois,  ix.  p.  77  (Coromandel  et  Mada- 
gascar) (1783). 

Anas  tricolor,  Bodd.  Tabl  PI  Enl,  p.  66,  n.  937  (1783). 

Anas  melanotos,  Om,  S,  N,  i.  2,  p.  o03,  n.  52  (Coromandel,  Ceylon^ 
Madagascar)  (1788) ;  Shaw,  Nat.  Misc.  xi.  pi.  421  (1800). 

Black-backed  Goose,  Lath.  JSvn.  iii.  2,  p.  449,  n.  13  (1785) ;  id.  Suppl. 
p.  272  (1787) ;  id.  Gen.  BKst.  x.  p.  240  (1824). 

Anas  melanonotos.  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  839,  n.  18  (1790). 

Anser  melanotos,  Bonn.  Enc.  MSth.  \.  p.  115,  pi.  29.  f.  4  (1790) ; 
Pewi.  Ind.  Zool.  (3rd  ed.  ?)  p.  50,  pi.  xiii.  (1790-91) ;  VieiU.  N  D. 
xxxiii.  p.  332  (1818);  id.  Gal.  d'Ois.  ii.  p.  213,  pi.  286  (1826) ; 
Dum.  Ditt.  8c.  Nat.  xxxv.  p.  466  (1825) ;  8ykes,  P.  Z.  8.  1831, 
p.  126. 

Plectropterus  melanotos,  Steph.  Gen.  Zool.  xii.  2,  p.  8  (1824); 
Sykes,  P.  Z.  8. 1882,  p.  167,  n.  213  (Dukhun) ;  Jerd.  Madr.  Joum. 
xii.  p.  219,  n.  379  (1840). 

Anas  melanotua,  part..  Less.  Tr.  d^Om.  p.  628  (Bengala)  (1831). 

Sarkidiomis  regius,  part,  Eyt.  Mon.  Anat.  p.  102  (1888) ;  id.  8yn. 
Anat.  p.  51  (1869). 

Sarkidiomis  regia,  Hartl.  (nee  Md.)  Verz,  Ges.  Mus.  p.  117  (Ost- 
Indien)  (1844) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  List  B.  Brit.  Mus.  iii.  p.  127  (India, 
Ceylon)  (1844) ;  id.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  605,  n.  1  (1846) ;  Bchnb.  8yn. 
Av.j  Natotores,  t.  97.  f.  227  (1845);  id.  Av.  8yst.  Nat.  p.  viii 
(1852) ;  Kelaart,  Prodr.  Cat.  p.  136  (1852) ;  HarU.  J.f.  0. 1864, 
p.  160  (Ceylon). 

Sarcidiomis  melanotus,  Blyth,  Cat.  B.  Mus.  A.  8.  B.  p.  302, 
n.  1763  (India  and  Burma)  (1849) ;  Irby^  Ibis,  1861,  p.  248 
(Oudh). 

P  Anas  melanotis,  Rchnb.  8yn.  Av.,  Natatores,  t.  107.  f.  2360  ( $ ) 
(1860). 

Sarkidiomis  melanonotus,  Layard,  Ann.  ^  Mag.  N.  H.  xiv.  p.  268 
(1854) ;  Jerd.  B.  of  Ind.  iii.  p.  785  (1864) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Hand-list, 
iii.  p.  73,  n.  10566  (part)  (1871) ;  Holdsw.  P.  Z.  8.  1872,  p.  479 
(Ceylon) ;  Uoud,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  419  (Kattiawar) ;  Anders.  Ibis, 
1874,  p.  220 ;  Hume,  Nests  and  Eggs,  p.  636  (1875) ;  Legge,  Ibis, 
1876,  p.  407  (Ceylon) ;  Hume,  Str.  Feath.  iv.  p.  192  (1876) ;  BuU. 
4-  Hume,  8tr.  Feath.  iv.  p.  27  (1876) ;  Hume  ^  Davis.  8tr.  Feath. 
V.  p.  486  (1878) ;  Hume,  8tr.  Feath.  vii.  p.  507  (1879). 

Sarcidiomis  melanota,  Bp.  Compt.  Rend,  xliii.  p.  649,  n.  38  (1856) ; 
Garrod,  P.  Z.  8.  1876,  p.  152,  ff.  1,  2  (trachea) ;  8clat.  P.  Z.  8. 
1880,  p.  534. 

Anas  melanota,  part,  8chUg.  Mus.  P.-B,,  Anseres,  p.  74  (India, 
Ceylon)  (1866). 

Sarcidiomis  melanonotus,  Blyth,  Ibis,  1867,  p.  175 ;  8und.  Meth.  not. 
Av.  disp.  Tent.  p.  146  (1873) ;  Blyth,  B.  of  Burma,  la.  165  (1875); 
Hume,  8tr.  Feath.  yii.  p.  491  (1879)  ;  id.  8tr.  Feath.  viii.  p.  WL 
n.  960  (1879) ;  Hume  |-  Marsh,  Game-B.  of  Ind.  iii.  p.  92.  pL  IF 
(1880) ;  Parker,  Str,  Feath.  ix.  p.  486  (1880) ;  Legge,  B.  CM 
p.  1063  (1880) ;  Oates,  Str.  Feath.  x.  p.  246  (Pegu)  (1888) 
Simson,  Ibis,  1882,  p.  92  (E.  Bengal) ;  Salv.  Cat.  B.  StrickL  OoiL 
p.  531  (1882);  H.  Parker,  Ibis,  1883,  pp.  194,  195  (Ceylan); 
Swinh.  ^  Bam.  Ibis,  1885,  p.  136 ;  Hume,  Nests  ^  Eggs  (OtAm 
ed.)  iii.  p.  282  (1890)  ;  HarteH,  Eat.  VogelsammL  p.  227,  n.  8871 
(pak)  (1891) ;  Mwm,  Ibis,  1894,  p.  72  (Calcatta). 


S«mclioTmBmeliinoQota,&Io(.P.Z.«.1876,p.6M,pl.lxTU.»(Iiidia) 
Wardi.  Harni.  Jbi*,  1877,  p.  472  (ToDghoo)  ;  Scht.  P.  Z.  S.  1860 
p.  610;  Bchmc.  Om.  Cmlraibl.  1882,  p.  36  ;  id.  Viig.  d.  ZoU.  Gdrt. 
p.  61  (1882) ;  Sciat.  Lid  Vert.  An.  8th  ed.  p.  427  (1883J ;  OaUi, 
B.  Brit.  Barm.  ii.  p.  275  (1883) ;  Tridr.  Cat.  CoU.  B.  p.  60 
(1889). 

Afnea. 
Asser  melaQonotiu,  part,  Anit.  m  Jbrri.  Ind.  Zool.  p,  SI  (Mada- 

gMcax)  (1781). 
Plectroptenia  melanonotiui,  Daih,   ^   Clt^jptrt.    Traveli,   App.  xzi. 


I,  part.  Legs.  Tr.  ^Orti.  p.  628  (SeaegfJ)  (1831) ; 

S.  1806,  p.  426  (MadBj ""      '  •"■    "    ' 

.Fbun.  Madag.,  Ou.  p.  142  (1868). 


Schl^.  P.  Z.  S.  1806,  p.  426  (Madsgucu) ;  iSeUeff.  ^  PbU.  Sedk. 


jjsikidiomie  africauus,  Eyt.  Man.  Anat.  p.  103  (1838)  ;  Ayra,  Ibit, 
1871,p.260(Transv8*l). 

Canard  a  basse,  Sffam.  Not.  tw  la  Mamm.  et  tttr  FOm.  de  Madoff. 
p.  40  (Mim.  Soe.  But.  Nat.  de  Strati,  iii.  1840). 

Saikidiomis  melaDonotua,  Sapp,  Syit.  Debert.  p.  173,  n.  480  (Shoa) 
(1845);  Srehm,J.f.  0.  18o5,p.486;  Hf«yt.  Sytt.  Defter.,  n.  661 
(1866) ;  Hartm.  J.  f.  0.  1863,  pp.  403,  470,  1864,  p.  167 ;  Sharpe, 
m  OaU»'  Matab.  Land,  p.  327  (1881). 

SarkidiomiB  afncana,  G.  R.  Gr.  Oen.  B.  iii.  p.  OOS,  n.  2  (1846) ; 
Strickl.  P.  Z.  S.  1850,  p.  221  (Kordofan);  Sartl.  J.  f.  0.  1855, 
p.  361  (Gold  Coast) ;  td.  Si/tf.  Om.  Watafr.  p.  240  (1857);  id. 
J./.  0.  1860,  p.  173.  1861,  p.  272  ;  id.  Om.  Beitr.  Fauna  Madag. 
p.  81  (1861);  Antin.  Cat.  Deter,  p.  112  (1664);  Vinton,  Vay. 
Madag.  p.  308  (1865);  Verr.  ibid.,  Arm.  p.  4  (1866);  Layard, 
Birdt  S.  Air.  p.  347  (ISST) ;  Poll.  Rev.  et  Mag.  Zoot.  1807,  p.  167 ; 
a>apm.  Travelt  in  S.  4/V.  li.,  App.p.  432(1666) ;  G.  R.  6V.  Hnnd- 
liit,  iii.  p.  73,11. 10566  (1871) ;  Barratt,  IbU,  1876.  p.  214  (Potcbef- 
Btroora);  Ayrtt,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  112  (RuBtenburgl ;  Holiib  ^  Pek. 
Beitr.  Om.  SOda/r.  p.  3ai  (188:;) ;  Dubois,  BnU.  .Vim.  Rog.  d'M. 


7.  SAxoiDioBinB.  67 

Jam.  Ac.  Se.  Zwft.  1876,  p.  266;  id.  J.  /.  0. 1876,  p.  205  (Huilla, 
Caneue,  Qambos):  Fitchtr,J.f.  O.  1879,  p.S96;  MUne-Edw.8[ 
Grand.  Ou.  Madag.  p.  719,  pis.  267  ( <;  &d.],  268  a,  263  6  (osteo- 
logy) 270.  f.  1  (head)  (1881J ;  Bi^im,  J.  f.  0. 1882,  p.  180  (Ka- 
komtt),1885,pp.60,54;  Pitcher,  J./.  O.  1885,  p.  116;  Sartert, 
J.f.  O.  1886,  pp.  575,  611  (Niger-Benufi)  ;  Matichie,  J./.  O.  1887, 
p.  137  (Bom-Katani),  p.  144  (Marmigti)  j  Jichnio.  J.  f.  0. 1892,  p.  6 
(Victoria  Njansa) ;  id.  Vog.  DeuUcA-Oat-Afr.  p.  27  (1894). 

Sareidiomia  reda,  Sclat.Jttec  Mai.),  Ibit,  1862,  p.  284  (Natal). 

Sarcidiomis  africanus.  Kirk,  Ibit,  1864,  p.  3^  (Zambesi);   SAdi. 
P.  Z  S.  1881,  p.  COl  (Melinda),  1889,  p.  371  (Kilimanjaro). 
.  Anas  melauota,  part.,  ScAltff.  Mvt.  P.-B.,  Ausures,  p.  24  (Mada- 
gascar, Africa)  (1866) ;  Gieb.  Tkei.  Om.  i.  p.  366  (part)  (1872). 

Sanridiomia  melanonotua,  Heugl.  Beit,  in  d.  Oeb.  d.  Weite.  Nil, 
p.  348  (1869);  id.  Peierm.  Gtogr.  Mittk.  1889,  p,  413;  ia. 
Om.  N.-O.  Afr.  ii,  2j.  1230  (1873) ;  Rcfmw.  J.f.  O.  1887,  p,  48 
(Ka^hi)  ;  Hartert,  Kat.  VogdMmml.  p.  237  (part.)  (1891). 

Sarkidiornis  melanotua,  Anderm.  B.  Samara  Land,  p.  336  (1872) ; 
iSheU.  Ibit,  1883,  p.  367  (Molopo  River). 

PSarcidiorais  ruber,  Reickmb.  (errote?),  Bi>km,J.f.  O.  1886,  p.  424. 

Sareidiomia  melauonota,  Emia,  J.f.  0. 1891,  p.  339. 

Adult  fhaU.  Head  and  neck  Thite,  intersporaed  with  metallio 
.  black  feathers ;  crown  and  a  band  along  the  hind  neck  almost  en- 
tiroly  hlack ;  baae  of  the  neck  and  lower  plumage,  including  the 
under  tail-coverte,  white ;  upper  back,  the  whole  of  the  wings, 
rump,  and  npper  tail-coTerta  black,  glossed  with  green  and  blue,  but 
the  secondarieB  glossed  with  bronze  and  the  scapulars  with  purple ; 
lower  back  grey ;  tail  umber-brown ;  sides  and  flanks  tinged  with 
grey ;  a  black  curved  line  on  the  sides  of  the  lower  neck ;  on  the 
lower  flanks  a  black  band  descending  iiojn  the  rump:  "  iris  dark 
brown;  bill  and  comb  black;  legs  and  Feet  dark  plumbeous"  (Oaf«), 
Total  length  about  'SO  inches,  wing  15,  tail  6,  bill  from  gape  2-6, 
tarsus  3.  The  fleshy  comb  ou  the  bill  of  the  male  is  about  2  inches 
high  in  the  breeding-season,  and  very  small  and  inconspicuous  at 
other  times. 

female.  Verj'  simOar  to  the  male,  but  much  amaller ;  bead  aud 
.neck  more  spotted  with  black;  metaUio  gloss  on  the  upper  plu- 
mage much  reduced  in  amount ;  whole  rump  and  upper  taU-coverts, 
as  well  as  the  lower  back,  grey ;  no  fleshy  comb  on  the  upper  man- 
dible.    Wing  11  to  11'5  inches. 

Toung.  Head  and  neck  more  spotted  than  in  the  adult  bird,  but 
the  dark  spots  and  the  cri>svn  brown-blnck ;  back  and  scapulars 
brown ;  rump  and  upper  tail-coverta  greyish  brown ;  tail  browu ; 
.underparte  white,  tinged  with  rusty. 

Tou,ng  in  dwvn.  Upper  parts  greyish  brown  ;  underparta  { 
.-white ;  upper  part  of  the  head  brown  ;  a  wbitisb  frontal  b 
on  each  side  of  the  bead  over  the  oycs ;  a  whitish  o 
bounds  behind  the  brown  colour  of  the  uppir  part  of  ^ 
naiTOW  brown  band  atarts  from  the  eor-covcrt^  aod  o     * 
band  on  the  bind  neck;  tvo  wbito  patches U 
.at  the  base  of  the  wings,  and  two  oth^s  m 
posterior  edge  of  the  wing  wliiLish. 


I  have  not  been  able  to  find  any  differenoe  between  the  Indian 
and  the  African  spetumens. 

3tA.  India,  Ceylon,  and  Barmah ;  AMoa  Bouth  of  tbe  Sahara, 
with  Uadagascar. 


a.  $  ad.  Bt.  Cejlon. 

b.  a  ad.  at. 
c  <f  ad.  sk. 
d.  <f  ad.  sk. 
«,/,y.  <J$ad. 

et  unm.  ak. 
A.  $  ad.  ok. 

»;[$]ad.i»k. 
Jt,  ;.  d  ad.  ak. 
m.  cf  ad.  sk. 
».  9  ad.  8k. 
o.  $  ad.  ek. 
p.  ij  ad.  Bk. 
g.  ^  ad.  sk. 
r,»,i.J  Pftd.8k. 

te,  x.  (J  ad.  Bk. 
y.  PuU.  ik. 
B-c'.(jead.,  juT., 

et  puU.  ak. 
if,  «■.{!$  ad.  ak. 
/.  S  puU.  ak. 

^,  A',  (f  aknlls. 


A.  Jtialie  fpea»i«ni. 
Uejlon. 

Madras. 
Madna. 
Deecaa  {S^Am). 

Ehandeish,  Feb.  (J.  Bnid- 

Attara,  Jan. 

Seoni,  Central  ProTiDces. 

BaipuT,  March. 

Calcutta,  Dec. 

Behar. 

Delhi. 

Roy  Baieillj,  Dec. 

Etawah,  Aug.,  Nor. 

Oudh. 

Oudh,  Jan.,  Feb. 
Sihkiin  Tend,  July. 
Tonghoo,  July,  8^,  Oct., 

itov.iR.  6.  W,  S.). 
Lower  Pf«fi,  March,  Sept. 
Attaran  R.,  Dec  {W.  Da- 


Poicliasod, 
Piuchaaed. 

M.  Cole,  Eeq.  [P.]. 

Eome  Coll. 

India  Muaenm  [P.]. 

HnmeColl. 

Colonel  Swinhoe  [P.]. 

Hume  ColL 

Emne  Coll. 

HumeCoU. 

B.  H.  Hodgaon,  Eaq. 

Home  Coll. 

Hume  Coll. 

Hume  CoU. 

Capt  Stackhonse  Yin- 

wiU  [P.l. 
Home  Coll. 
Hume  CoU. 
Tweeddale  CoQ. 


2.  Sarddiomis  oBmaoiilata. 

Ipecati-Bpos,  Marcgr.  Hitt.  Nat.  Brat.  Cap.  xr.  p.  217 ;  Licht.  Aik. 

Ak.  Bert.  1816-17,  p.  176. 
Pato  crestudo,  IfAtara,  Apunl.  iii.  p.  417,  n.  428  (1806) ;  id.  Voy. 

(Sonn.  ed.)  iv.  p.  331  (1809). 
Anas carunculatB,  lUig.  (nee  Vteitl.)  Mat.  Bercl.;  Licht.  Ahh.  Ak. 

Btrl  1816-17,  p.  176  (ex  D'Azara). 
CaiiiiuiF  re^a,  ^a>h.  Gen.  Zool.  zii.  2,  p.  82  (1624). 
Fato  de  crista,  Wud,  Seitr.  iii.  p.  942  (Brazil)  (1832). 
SarkidiomiB  re){iuH,  part.,  Eyt.  Man.  Anai.  p.  102  (Cajenue !) 

(1838)  ;  id.  St/n.  Anat.  p.  51  (1869). 
Sarlcidianiis  regia,  part.,  O.  B.  Or.  Utt  B.  Br.  Mui.  iii.  p.  126 

(1844)  i  id.  Qen.  B.  iii.  p.  602,  n.  1  (1846) ;  Harti.  Ind.  Aiara, 

Amtnt.  p.  27,  n.  428  (1847) ;  Pdz.  Om.  Brat.  pp.  319,  459,  Iviii 

(Mattogrosao  and  Borra  de  Rio  Negro)  (1370). 
Sarcidiomis  regia,  Bp.  Compt.   Rend,   xliii.  p.  049,  d.  89  (1860); 

Burnt.  J./.  O.   18®,  p.  UCO  (Tucuman);  li.  La-Plata  Reiie,  li. 


p.   613  (1861);  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.   1867,  p.  339;   Phitippi, 
1868,  p.  632  (not  Chilian) ;  Bum.  P.  Z.  S.  1872,  p.  365  tiucu 
in) ;  BodinuM,  J.f.  0. 1878,  p.  366  (Zool.  Gard.),  1882,  p.  21. 


Anser  melanotic,  Burm.  (nee  Perm.)  Syit.  Veb.  iii.  p.  434  (1856). 

Sarcidiomis  melanonota,  Sclai.  S[  Sail.  Nomend,  Ae.  Ifeolrop.  p.  12u 
(Paraguaf,  Quiaua)  (1873). 

SarcidionuB  conmculata,  Sdat.  &  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  377 ;  Sdat, 
aid.  p.  695,  pi.  liyiii  (Marfinham) ;  SclaL  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  611  j 
Torbei,  Ibit,  1881,  p.  366;  Bchnio.  Om.  Ontralbl.  1882,  p.  35; 
id.  Vog.  d.  Zool.  Qdrt.  p.  61  (1882) ;  ScUa.  Lilt  Vert.  An.  8th 
ed.  p.  427  (1883) ;  Berl.  J.f.  0.  1887,  p.  124 ;  Sclat.  Argent.  Om. 
iL  p.  128  (1889). 

Advlt.  Very  aimilai  to  S.  mtlanonota,  from  which  it  differs  princi- 
pally in  having  the  aidea  and  flanks  hroadly  brown-hlack,  and  the 
mmp  with  no  grey  colour,  but,  like  the  rest  of  the  back,  black, 
^oased  with  green.  The  gloesy-black  crescent-like  band  on  the 
aides  of  the  breast  is  not  conspicuous,  being  oonflnent  with  the 
blaok  of  tbe  sides;  the  under  tail-coverls  are  white,  and  not 
gamboge-yellow  as  in  Ui.  Solater's  plate !  Total  length  about  24 
inohee,  wing  I4'8,  tail  5,  culmen  2-3,  tarsus  2'6. 

Female.  "  Much  smaller  than  the  male,  and  has  no  wattle  (or 
comb)  at  all  on  the  head  "  {FotIm). 

Mr,  Sdater  was  mistaken  in  bdiering  the  female  to  be  similar 
to  the  male,  as  was  pointed  out  by  Ur.  Forbes,  who  adds  that  "  the 
female  has  little,  if  any,  more  black  on  the  flanks  than  a  female  of 
8,  mekmoMta'' 

Hob.  Brazil,  Paraguay,  and  Northeni  Argentina. 

0,  6.   cf  ad.  sk.  Maranbam  [Zool.  Soe.). 

8.  ASABCOSNIS. 

AaarconuB,  Salvad.  US. 

Allied  to  the  genua  Sarddiornit, 
'  shape,  in  tiu  iadoutations  of 


tail,  in  the  confonnation  of  the  feet,  bat  has  no  comb  ;  the  hill  is 
■omewhat  larger  and  flatter. 

Range.  From  Assam  and  Eastern  Bengal  to  Java. 

1.  Asarcontia  Bcntnlata. 
Anas  BcutuJata,  S.  Miill.  Vtrh.  Latid-  en   Valktnk.  p.  1S9  (Java) 

(1839-44) ;   Schkg.  Mm.  P.-B.,  Anaeres,  p.  W  (Java)  (1866) ; 

ScUa.  ^  Wolf,  Zool.  SkeUha,  ii.  pi.  ilii.  (1867) ;  Gteb.  That.  Om. 

i,  p.  361  (1872);  Hume,  Str.  Feath.  viii,  p.  168  (Kassoom)  (1879)  ; 

Vorderm.  iV.  T.  N.  I.  xlix.  p.  419  (1889),  li.  p.  246  (Sumatra) 

(1891). 
Sarcidiornia  leucoptenu,  Sluth,  J.  A.  S.  £.  xtiii.  p.  1^30  (Burma) 

(1849)  i  id.  Cat.  B.  Miu.  A.  S.  B.  p.  302,  n.  1764  (1840). 
Casaroa  leucoptera, "  Bfyt/t,"  Jard.  Conlr.  Om.  1850,  p.  141,  pi.  64 

(Meranii) ;  Sckid>.  Sjfn.  Av.,  Natatons,  t.  Ill  c.  t. 2947  (er  Jonfitu) 

(1850);  Bp.  Comp.  Bend,  xliii.  p.  649,  n.  60  (1856);  Gould, 

P.  Z.  S.  18159,  p.  150  (Tenajwerim) ;  Jerd.  B.  of  lad.  lii.  p.  793 

(1864) ;  Eyt.  Sa/n.  Anal.  p.  58  (1869) ;  Oodwm-Avst.  J.  A.  S.  B. 

xliu.  p.  176  (Dinapur,  Dunauri  R.)  (1874) ;  Blytk,  B.  of  Bwma, 

p.   106  (1875) ;  Hume  ^  Davis.   Str.   RM.  vi.  p.  489  (1878) ; 

^'      t,  Str.  Ftatk.  -riii.  p.  170  (Kusaoom)  (1879), 


p.  176;  ifwne.Sfr.JVu/A.viii.p.  115,  n.  965(1879). 

Casarka  ecutellata,  Eyt.  Sun.  Anat.  p.  57  (1868). 

Anas  acutellata,   G.  B.  Or.  Hand-list,  ill.  p.  89,  n.  10645  (1871) 

(Mergui,  Moluccas!). 
Anaa  leiicoptera,  Hume  ^  Marsh,  (nee  Otn.)  Gamt-B.  <tf  Ind.  m. 

pp,  147,  I7a,  pi.  20  (1880) ;  Sinaon,  Ibis,  1882,  p.  92 ;  Oafes,  B.  ^ 

Burmah,  ii.  p.  281  (1883) ;  Hume,  NesU  ^  Eggi  [Oates  ed.)  m. 

p.  287  (1890). 
Tadorna  scutulata.  SdtA.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  612;  Stdtad.  Om.  Pap. 
>.  aiKt  (If'Si'):   Tristr.   Cut.   Coll.   fl.  p. -M  (Smuatra) 


9.   BEODOKESSA.  61 

glossy  on  the  edges  of  the  feathers  of  the  back  and  romp,  and  of 
the  upper  tail-coverts.  Total  length  about  26  inches,  wing  12, 
tail  6,  culmen  2*4,  tarsus  2*1. 

It  seems  that  in  the  £a8t  this  bird  is  often  kept  in  confinement, 
and  then  becomes  partially  albino,  especially  on  the  neck,  breast, 
and  abdomen ;  two  of  the  specimens  mentioned  below  are  of  this 
deeoription. 

The  systematic  position  of  this  bird  has  always  been  a  great 
puzzle ;  but  I  have  no  doubt  that  its  nearest  allies  arc  the  species 
of  the  genus  Sarcidiomis^  although  it  is  devoid  of  a  comb  ;  and  on 
thid  account  I  think  that  it  ought  to  stand  as  the  type  of  a  dis- 
tinct genus  ;  Mr.  Hume  has  also  expressed  the  same  opinion. 

Hah,  Assam,  Eastern  Bengal,  Mergui,  Malay  Peninsula,  Suma^ 
tra  (?),  and  Java. 

0.  c^  ad.  St.         Mergai  {Blyth),  Zool.  Sec.    (Figured  bv 

Mr.  Wolf,  Zool.  Sketch,  pi.  49.) 
(.  $  ad.  sk.        DoUah,  Assam,  May.  Hume  Coll. 

0,  d.  Ad.  St.        [Moluccas],  probably  Java.  Purchased. 

(semialbiso 

var.). 

9.  RHODONESSA.  ,,,_ 

Type. 

Rhodonessa,  Bchnb.  Av,  Syst,  Nat,  p.  ix,  Taf.  85 
(1852) R.  caryophyllacea. 

Bange,  Confined  to  India,  Assam,  and  Independent  Burma. 

1.  Rhodonessa  caryophyllacea. 

Pink-headed  Duck,  Lath,  Syn.  Suppl,  i.  p.  270,  n.  99,  pi.  119  (India) 
(1787) ;  Tweedie,  Sir.  Feath.  vii.  p.  527  (1879) ;  Held,  Str.  Feath, 
viii.  p.  418  (1879). 


p.  277  (1838);  O.  R,  Or,  List  B,  Brit,  Mus,  p.  136  (1844) 
(Bootan,  Nepal)  :  O,  B,  Or,  ^  Mitch,  Gen,  B,  iii.  p.  016,  n.  10, 
pi.  167  (1845) ;  Bchnb.  Syti,  Av,,  Natatores,  t.  85.  f,  919  (1845) 
(ex  Gray  ^  Mitch,) ;  G,  B,  Gr,  Cat,  Hodys.  Coll,  B,  M,  p.  14(5 
(1846) ;  Jerd,  Bl,  Ind,  Om,  pi.  34  (1847) ;  Blyth,  Cat,  B,  Mus, 
A.  S,  B,  p.  304,  n.  1774  (1849) ;  Licht,  Nomencl,  Av,  p.  101 
(Assam)  (1854) ;  Jerd,  B.  of  Ltd,  iii.  p.  800  (1864) ;  Schley,  Mus, 
F,'B.,  Anseres,  p.  62  (1866) ;  Gieb,  Thes,  Oni,  i.  p.  346  (syn. 
emend.)  (1872) ;  Hun^e,  Nests  ^-  :^s  Ind.  B,  p.  644  (1873) ; 
Sdat,  P.  Z,  S,  1874,  p.  110  (Zool.  Gard.) ;  Blyth,  B,  of  Burma, 
p.  165  (Arakan,  Bhamo)  (1875) ;  Fairbank,  Str,  Feath,  iv.  p.  SO' 
(Khandala)  (1876)  ;  Davidson,  Str.  Feath,  vii.  p.  95  (1878) ;  Bml 
i,  c.  p.  232  (Rajmehal  Hills,  Hazaribagh)  (1878) ;  Hume,  Str.  Ibaii 
vii.  p.  492  (1879),  viii.  p.  501  (1879) ;  Ilume  ^  Marsh.  Game-B, 
Ind,  iii.  pp.  174,  435,  pi.  23  (1880) ;  Simson,  Ibis,  1884,  p.  271 
(Pumeah  and  Maldah  district) ;  C,  Sioinh,  ^  Bam.  Bm,  1885, 
p.  137  (Lake  Depalpore) ;  Tridr.  Cat.  Coll.  B.  p.  48  (1889) 
Hartert,  Eat.  Voyelsammk  p.  231  (1891). 


Adm  etythrocephalft,  Bonn,  (wee  8.  O.  Om.)  EtK.  Mith.  i.  p.  143, 

pi.  36.  f.  3  (1780). 
FuliguU  carjophyUftCea,  Sti^h.  Gen.  Zoot.  idi  2,  p.  207  (1824). 
Milouin  h  cou  rose,  Leu.  Tr.  if  Om.  p.  6S2,  □.  40  (Bengala)  (18S1) ; 

Pudwr.Rm.  etMag.de  Zool.  I860,  p.  636(=A.carTophjlUcea.); 

BartlJ.f.  O.  1855,  p.  420. 
Cftllichen  caryophyllaceum,  %(.  Mm.  Anat.  p.  162  (1838). 
Tadoma  P  caijophjllacea,  Jerd.  Madr.  Jotmt.  zii.  p.  2^1,  n.  368 

(1840). 
Bhodonena  canophylliicea,  Sthnb.  Av.  Sytt  Nat.  p.  ix  (1862) ; 

Bp.  Compt.  Send,  xliii.  p.  649,  n.  77  (1666) ;  0.  S.  Or.  Cat. 

Hodgt.  CoU.  B.  M.  2aA  ed.  p.  77  (1863) ;  id.  Baitd^id,  iii.  p.  82, 

a.  1065i  {1871) ;  SuTjdev.  Meth.  nat.  Av.  dup.  Tent.p.W  d872); 

BaU,  Str.  Feath.  ii.  p.   438  (Choto   Nagpur)    (1874)  ;    Oarrod, 

P.  Z.  8.  1875,  p.  153  (trachea),  f .  3  ?,  ff.  4,  5  J  ;  Humi,  Str. 

Feath.  viii.  p.  115,  n.  960  (1879);  Sdat.  P.  Z.  8.  1880,  p.  620; 

Sutler,  Str.  Feath.  ixji.  437  (1881) ;  Seid,  Sir.  Feath.  i.  p.  81 

(Lucknow)   (1881);    Hume   ^  Manh.   Game-Strds  of  Ind.  iii. 

pp.  173, 435  jil.  23  (18S0) ;  Salv.  Cat.  B.  Strickl.  CoU.  p.  636  (1882) ; 

Oatet,  B.  Era.  Bvrm.  ii.  p.  284  (1883) ;  &ii(.  LUt   Vert.  An. 

Sth  ed.  p.  432  (1883) ;  if.  Taylor,  Str.  Feaih.  i.  p.  531  (breeding 

iD  Ehorda,  Oriasa)  (1887) ;  Httme,  Str.  Featk.  xi.  p.  344  (Manipur, 

Sylbet,  Asaun)  (1888);  Huiae,  NeiU  $  Bggi  (Oatet  ed.),  iii. 
p.  290  (1890). 

Adult  mah.  Head,  sides  of  neck,  utid  hind  neck  beautiful  pale 
rosy  pink,  with,  in  the  bieeding-season,  a  small  tuft  of  still  brighter 
rosy  on  the  top  of  the  head ;  throat  dark  brown ;  rest  of  the 
plomagQ  fine  ^oesy  dark  chocolate-brovn,  paler  and  less  gloBsed 
beneath,  but  under  tail-coverts  very  dark  ;  mantle,  scapnlaiB,  breast, 
and  rides  with  very  fine  rosy-whitiah  Termiculationa  or  points; 
edge  of  the  wing  whitish,  speculum  reddish-fawn  or  dull  aalmon- 
colonr,  with  a  white  band  at  the  tip  of  the  secondaries ;  out«r  web 
:ind  tip  of  the  outer  primaries  hrowii,  the  inner  web  nnd  i 


10.  pnEBOXBRA.  68 

plumage  lighter  brown,  tiLe  mLderports  pale  dull  brown,  with  the 
edges  of  the  feathers  whitish. 

Hob,  Northern  India,  from  Punjab  to  Nepal,  and  Independent 
Bdrmali,  snnth  to  Hadraa,  but  Behar  and  the  rest  of  Bengal,  north 
of  the  Oangee  and  west  of  the  Brahmapntn,  are  its  headquarters 

a.  Ad.  St  N.  India.  Colonel  Cobb  [CJ. 

b.  Jut.  St  Nepal.  B.  H.  Hodgson,  "* - 


c.  Ad.  St. 

d.  Ad.  St. 
«.  Jut.  sk. 

/.  Ad.  Bk. 
g.  $  ad.  sk. 


Jli.  Imperfect  skele-  Nepal, 
ton  (with  portion 
of  the  trachea). 


Madras. 

No  locality  {Blgth). 


IndiaMuseum  fP.]. 
India  Museum  \Pa. 
H.   J.    Elwes,   Em. 

[P.].  ^ 

Home  Coll. 
H.    J.   Elwes,  Esq. 

[P.].  ^ 

Home  Coll. 
India  Museum  [PJ. 
B.  H.  Hodgson,  Esq. 

[P.]. 


10,  FTE&ONETTA.  „. 

Type, 
Pteronetta,  Saload.  MS.  P.  hnrtlaubi. 

Plumage  plain  with  no  mottlinga,  and  do  metallic  speculum  as  in 
Ajareomu,  but  the  frontal  feathers  in  a  strtught  line,  the  lateral 
frontal  ridgea  of  the  bill  not  extending  backwards  through  the 
feathers  of  the  forehead ;  tail  graduated,  but  somewhat  shorter. 
Stxet  rimilar. 

Bange.  Confined  to  Equatorial  Africa. 

1.  Pteronetta  hartlaabi. 
iptera,  Temrn.  {nee  Vieiil.)  in  Mut.  Lugd.  (Rio  Boutry, 

.93(1856); 
Viail.)  Om.  Weil-Afr.  p.  248 

Querquedula  hsrtlaubi,  Qm.  Pr.  Ac.  FKOad.  1869,  p.  175  (Camraa 
BDd  Ogobu) ;  Heine,  J.f.  0.  1860,  p.  S03 ;  Q.  R.  Or.  Sand-Utt, 
iii.  p.  83,  n.  10660  (1871) ;  Sharpe  $  Bo»v.  Suit.  So&  ZooL  JV-.  i. 
p.  3U(LouBmba,CWaiabo)(1876);  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  m  ~ 
Soc.  Om.  Anff.  p.  603  (lf*Sl) ;  SMI.  P.  Z.  S.  1888,  p. « 
Equal  Afr.)i  Tritlr.Qif.  C««.  5.  p.40(l"™  "-■■ ' 
aus  Ziber.  p.       ,  n.  230  (18SK1). 

Anas  cuprea,  Sehieg.  Mut.  P.-B.  Anaeres,  i 
Gaboon)  (1866)  ;  Oieb.  Thei.  Om.  i.  r   « 

Qnerquedula  (Pterocjanea)  hartlnubi,  ( 
ii.  p.  122,  pL  6  (Ogoflufi)  (1879). 


Pterocyaaea  cjanoptera,  Bp.  Compt.  Send,  xliii.  p. 

Est.  Sm.  AnaC.  p,  87  (1869). 
QuerquBduIa  cjanoptera,  Hartl.  (t 


(1867). 


AduU  malt.  Head  and  upper  part  of 
patch  on  the  frontal  edge;  rest 


64  uriTiss. 

ohangiDg  iotfl  chocolate  olive-brown  on  the  nunp ;  upper  wing- 
coverts  blue ;  primariee  brown ;  Becondariee  olive-brown,  with  a 
alight  bluish  dnge  near  the  edge  of  the  outei  web  ;  tertiariea  olive- 
brown,  edged  with  black  on  the  outer  web ;  under  wing-oorerta 
brown,  washed  with  dull  lead-blue ;  tail  brown :  "  iris  yellowish 
brown  ;  bill  black,  with  a  broad  8ubt«rminal  yellow  band ;  1^8 
brown"  (Emin.  Pajika),  Total  length  about  22  inches,  wing  11, 
tail  5,  culmen  1*85,  tarsus  1'8. 

I  have  seen  altogether  seven  specimens  of  this  scarce  spedes,  and 
there  appears  to  be  do  difference  between  the  sexes  ;  In  some  speci- 
mens the  white  frontal  patch  is  wanting. 

Hnh.  West  Africa  from  the  Gold  Coatt  to  Alima  on  the  Congo 
{Mut.  Pang),  eastwards  as  far  ss  Tingasi. 

a.  Ad.  Bt.  Gaboon.  P.  DuChaillu  [CI 

b.  Ad.  ak.  Gould  Coll. 

c.  d  ad.  ak.  Tingasi,  Eqoat  Aft.,  July.  Emin  Pasha  [C.]. 


11.  NETTOPUS. 


Type. 


Nettapus,  Brandt,  Utter,  et  Icon.  Anim.  Sou. 

A'tJi'.,  Aves,  fasc.  i.  p.  6  (183B)  N,  auritus, 

Anserells,  Sic.  Clam.  B.  ii.  p.  160  (1837)     N.  coromaiideliamis. 

CiitT^icm, Broke,  MS.  {nee  Mothr.);  ^/t.  Mon. 

Anat.  p.  15  (1638)  N.  coromandulianus. 

Microcvgna,  O.  S.  Gr.  Litt  Gen.  £.  p.  73 

(1840)    N.  coromandelianuB. 

Nettopus,   Agaa.   NotneneL   Zool.,  Ind.    Univ. 

p.  249  (1846). 
Cheaiekiis,  Agatt. 


Sanije.  From  Tropical  AMcaand  Madagascar,  through  India  and 


65 


I.  Hettopns  anritos, 

S  irc«ille  inAlo  Jb  Mwlii^-iiti-nr.  1/ Aulfnl .  I'i  EiU.  7i<i. 

S  ,TceU«  .1"  MHa«ir»3Pftr,  Ba^.  Hut.  N-tl.  Out.  U.  p.  274  (17*)), 

Anni  auritA,  Bo'lil.  Tabl.  PI.  Enl.  p.  Jd,  u.  770  (1781). 

MaiUkhv**'  Ti-ai.  Lath.  Sjfn.  iii.  2,  p.  rm,  n.  fl4  (I7S5) ;  I'J.  (?<•>■.  Bitt. 
»,  p,  3-.1(l«3^)- 

Aim*  miiila!n«^>:ii>4s,  G'm.  &  X.  i.  2,  p.  622,  a.  89  (176^):  ZtM. 
tml  Om.  ii.  p.  «7fi.  n.  ]Wi  (1780);  «o«n.  Ski.  Jttah.  i.  a.  15», 
n  rt7.  pi.  40.  fa  (171)11:  ('iWa.  A'.  Z).  v.  p.  173  (ISIB);  Dum. 
Wrf.  Se.  JVo(.  vi.  p.  897  (1817) ;  X«*.  Feni  &.««.  p.  85  (l(*23) ; 
Twon,  in  iji^irj,  Trou  moU  de  tfjofr  A  Madag.  p.  -im  (180.t), 

BemicU  lUMUf^arioa^^i',  Sttph.  Gen.  Xoot.  lil  1,  p.  64  (18:.'4), 

Chenalopex  mndagtiscnrieDaig.  £«m.  Tr.  d'Oni.  p.  6S7,  n.  ft  (18'tl ). 

NetUpiu  nudngOMtirii^nsii,  Brandt,  De»cr.  el  Icon.  An.  Butt.  Nov., 
Aeei.lti'c.i.v.r,  (ISiiU) :  ^uni.  Ou..V(k^.  p.  48  (184U) ;  LieU. 
Niimmci,  Ae.  p.  101  (1*)4)  ;  ZTirt/.  J./.  O.  1854,  p.  aO:(.  n.  562 
(GHTibia,  Nata],  Mndai^iiaou') :  B,>.  a>mpt.  R-ad.  xliiL  p.  &4I),  n.  63 
(ia.M)  i  llartl.  Ora.  Wr^nfr.  p.  ■J47,  n.  099  (1857) ;  Oui-n.  Ibu, 
I»a»,  p.  331  (SbUD  :  Cfa..,  /"r.  ^c.  .Sc.  PhOad.  1839,  p.  175,  n,  297 
(Owrnia)  ■,id.J.f.  O.  I8fiO.  p,  lW,  n.  837  (Camms),  l*il,  p,  272  ; 
Heugl.  J. J.  0.  1&63,  p,  UH  j  io.varrf,  B.  S.  vl/r.  p.  348  (1867) ; 
O^M.  TVap.  w  5.  .>4/r.  ii.  Apu.  p.  42J  (1R(»):  £|/t.  %<.  ..in(l^ 
p.  33  (1869):  iaMrABu,  18*l9.  p..t77  (8.  Africa);  U»^r,  IbU, 
1874, p.  74  (Gold Ciwrt) ;  ■: Si^kmn.  J.  f.  0.  1874.p.374(\ccM?); 
Atirrt,  This,  1877,  p.  354  (Tranavwil ) ;  Harlert,  J.f.  O.  1880,  p.  612 
(NigBT-B-ouS). 

Chuniieus  raailatfaKcariensis,  JCi/t.  Man.  .inat.  p.  88  '1838). 

Auaer  minute  Jhiboit,  Om.  Gnl.  p.  1 10.  pi,  70  (1830). 

Nettaptis  auritus,  G.  R.  Gr.  hUl  Gen.  B.  p.  7S  (1840):  id.  lint  B. 
Brit.  Mm.  iii.  p.  123(1844);  id.  GeK.  B.  in.  n.  OOii,  ii.  3(1844); 
&*wi.  Sy».-<f.,N«Uto(B^.  t.  fi«.  ft*.  Ml,  li:(2(l845);  Umtt.  Zctt. 
/.  Z«ol.  H.  Xoot.  ISiW.  p.  150;  id.  ,I»n.  ^  Mav.  X.  H.  ii.  p,  303 
(1848):  Hara.J.f.O.  18110.  p,  173;  id.Orn-  Beitr.  F.iin.  Maila-/. 
p.  83  1I8OI);  M.  A',  r.  i>.  i.  p.  .137  (1883);  R^h  Sf  E.  Neu-t. 
/6it,  1883,  p.  174  (UaHitfCKaCBr);  £,  AVicf.  I'Au/.  p.  45»  (trachea) ; 
&dat.  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  in«  :  Kirk.  IhU.  ISO],  p.  aSd  (Zambrai) ; 
rwww,  Vou.  Madag.  p  83  ( 18ffi) ;  Verr.  ibid.,  Ann.  B,  p.  4  (1865) ; 
acUv- Mut.  P.-B.,  Aimru,  p,  7o  ( 1866) :  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1800,  p. 420 ; 
SeUtg.  4-  PaU.  Jirek.  j-«m.  MaJaff.  p.  141  (1868) ;  Gra-.d.  Rev.  H 
Mag.  de  Zoal.  1868.  p.  S ;  Oib.iiiv. d.  Deek.  Bn*.  iii.  p.  51  (ISIUi) 
(K.  Aftic») ;  Fin*eh  ^  Harti.  Fog.  Otlafr.  p.  804  ( 1870) ;  G.  R.  Gr. 
Umid-Ha.  iii,  p.  77,  n.  10603  (1871 ) ;  Socage,  Jam.  Ac.  Linb.  do.  xii. 
p.  378  (1871);  Andera.B.bamaraLand.v.Sf3l6(Mi7i);  B<^<'/e, 
Jom.  Ac  Liib.  no.  ivii.  p  45  (1874) :  Gieb.  Thei.  Orn.  ii.  p,  701 
(1878);  Barlt.  P.  Z.  S.  1975,  p,  (t8  (Tamatavo);  flwoye,  /,/.  O, 
1876,  p,  204  (IIuillmCunHiie);  liartt.  VHt,.  Madag. -p. !i57  (Ig? 7); 
Fiiek.  *  Rrhntc.  J.f.  0.  1878,  p.  24H;  Fieeh.  iiul.  p.  296,  1879, 
p.  28Q:  Bofogr,  Orn.  Ang.  n.  498  ll^t)  (Angola);  SAarpe  in 
OaUJ  Matah.  Laid,  p.  Si"?  (1881) ;  MilHg-Edw.  St  Grand.  Fauiie 
Madag.,  Om,  p.  714,  pis.  2IH  ibirdj,  2t;j(,keleton),  2Wi(08t«(iloKv), 
•re.  f,  2  (liead),  307.  f.  1  (ega)  (1882) ;  Holub  ^  Pel:.  Beitr.  O'm. 
fi.-Afr.  p,  328  (1882) ;  BhM..  Feild.  &  Heid,  Zoal.  1882,  p.  427 ; 
Skarpt,  iJtyarSi  B.  S.  Afr.  p.  750  (1884) :  Bohn,  J.f.  O.  1685, 
pp.  88,64  (C,  AfriiM);  Fiielier.  ibid.  p.  115  (E.  Afrioa);  Ai/re; 
jhU,  1886,  p.  297  (Tranii'iift!):  Malsckie,  J.f-  O.  1887.  i  "■" 
SMIev.  /W«-  1888,  p,  307  (E.  Africa) :   Triirr.  Cat    "    ■    ' 


1887.  p.   137; 

(.•oil.  b.  p.  51 


(1889);  JIariert,Kal.  JV'<'^'«'- P-227,n.3fl73  (18fln  ;  Sftree, 

i6«,  1892,^.  270;  flcAnu.  Mig.  DniK-k.  OO-Afr.  p.  27  (181)4). 
Uicnicygnit  madagsacftrienwa,  HaHl.  Eret.  SacMr.  VopeUamnU.  p.  IB, 

n.  217  (1846)  (nee  Gm.)- 
FNottapuB   coromandeliaauH,  Anderu.   (interior  of  8.  AMc»,Jide 

Harti.Orn.  Westafr.-p.M?);   Gum.in  And^M.  S.  Damara  Land, 

■p.  Sai  (uote)  (1872). 
NottiipuB  ^lulAgaB:^a^iellHia,  Siaid.  Meth.  not.  Av.  ditp.  Tent.  p.  140 

(1872) ;  Rcknw.  I'og.  d.  Zool.  GSrt.  p.  m  (1883). 
Nettopua  tmritus,  Scht.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  605. 
Nettapiw  auwtua  (errorB),  SJuUtj/,  P.  Z.  S.  1881,  p.  001  (Lamu). 
Aiuerellti  Aurits,  Jtchntc.  Orn.  Centridbl.  1882,  p.  22. 

Adult  male.  Forehend,  sides  of  the  head,  and  a  collar  round  the 
neck  white  ;  top  of  the  head,  a  band  aloni;  the  hiud  neck,  back,  rump, 
upper  wiog-coverts,  scapnlara,  and  t«rtials  dark  glossy  green  ;  ear- 
coverts  and  sides  of  the  nape  pale  yellowish  white,  encircled  ante- 
riorly aud  below  by  a  cresceotic  black  band  ;  lower  part  of  the  ucck 
all  round.  Bides  and  flanks  bright  cinnamon ;  breast  and  abdomen 
white  ;  vent  and  under  t«il-covert8  blaok ;  on  the  lower  part  of  the 
hind  ueck  the  cinnamou  fealhera  with  green-black  undulated 
linea;  upper  tail-coverts  with  steel-blue  gloss;  quills  and  tail- 
feathers  black ;  the  tips  of  the  anterior  greater  wing-coverts  and 
some  of  the  median  secondaries  white,  forming  a  conspicnouB 
Bpeoulam  ;  under  wing-coverts  black  :  "  iris  dark  brown  ;  bill  bright 
yellow  [with  the  nail  blackish};  feet  black"  (E.Newton).  Total 
length  about  11*5  inches,  wing  61,  tail  3'4,  culmen  1,  tarsus  0-9. 

Female.  Rimilar  to  the  male,  but  duller ;  the  white  of  the  fore- 
head and  sides  of  the  head  dotted  with  black  ;  no  distinct  yellowish 
patches  on  the  sides  of  the  head  and  no  cresccntic  black  band  ;  the 
green  feathers  of  the  bock  and  upper  tail-coveria  freckled  with 
obsolete  rufous  lines  ;  lower  hind  neck  more  distinctly  banded  with 


<r.  T.  2  "A  't  (f 


Ceiitrnl  SIsilngnsCT. 


Twet-dJMe  Coll. 
Dr.  K.  Uiiwdlur 

Slimw  [P.\ 
Shelley  Coll.' 

G.  F.  Scott  Elliot, 
E«,.  [P.]. 

S^bolim  Coll. 


li.  NettopuB  pnlchellos. 

N'Mtopiio  puldwlluB,  Gvald,  P.  X.  S.  It^l,  p.  80  (N.  Auatralio) ; 
id.  B. -iiwfr.vii.pl.  4  (pt.  vi.,  I8J2);  G.  S.  Or.  Gen-  B.iiLu.&IS, 
a.  2  i\SU)  i  JteAnh.  -V-  Ae.  NftUtore*.  t.  ai.  ff.  938,  939  (l&M) 
Ifx  Gaald) ;  J}/yt4,  Cat.  B.  Mu».  A.  S.  B.  p.  .-iO-2,  n.  IffiS  (1S4U) ; 
Bp.  Convrf.  i>Brf.  xliii.  p.  (t49.  n.  tU  (185«) ;  EUty.  P.  Z.  S.  18S7. 
p.  28  i  O,  fi.  ffr.  /•.  Z.  &  1858.  p.  108 ;  id.  Cal.  B.  AW  OaiW.  p.  63 
llSfiO)  1  Finteh,  Kfu-Ouin.  p,  183  ( I8U5)  j  OoiM,  Himdh.  B.  A u*tr. 
U.p.  357  (IfSSa)  X  SMeff.  .V<u,  P.-B.,  Xaaena.  p.  07  (1806)  (Am- 
botu) ;  Jbmi.  P.  Z.  S.  \em,  p.  388  (Que^iuliiiKl) ;  £yt.  S»n.  A  not. 
p.  37  <I8<I0) ;  Gitb.  Tin  Orn.  ii.  p.  101  (1K75) :  Banu.  Pr.  Unu. 
JSw.  A',  a.  W.  i.  pp.  194,  38tJ  (187«) ;  DAIb.  5yrf«.  Mmt,  IST7, 
p.348;  M  .^HK.  ifut.  6Vr.  Gen.  i.  p.  30(1877):  lU  Aw,  li$77, 
p.  37a ;  Raw.  P.  Z.  S.  1877.  p.  34fl ;  id.  Ff.  Linn.  Soe.  It.  S.  W. 
li.  p.  200,  n.  050  (1877) :  Maa.  ibid.  p.  27f,  ((1877} ;  DAlb.  Se 
Sakad.  Ann.  Mm.  Civ.  Gi-u.  xiv.  p.  133  (18791  (Kutau  tind  Fly 
ttivere)!  D'Alb.  Nuai:  Gmn.  fp.  Sl»,  588(1880):  Z^jw.  /'-"/■' 
Cry/,  p.  1067  (1880);  SrJat.  P.  Z  A\  1.=1C«,  pp.  .53,  200<Lsr«t); 
.Wwni,  I  oy.  rf.  S«rfipp,  p.  a9  (1884)  j  ForA^jt,  >'.  Z  S.  1884,  p.  4.^1 ; 
Blu.  ZfilKhr.  <jf».  Ora.  18*0.  pp.  aO-i,  20B  (Olebea) ;  Banui.  T.tl,. 
IJd,  p.  22,  n,  061  (18881  j  Trirfr.  (Ji(.  Cotf.  fl.  p,  fil  (1880)  (Port 
Moresby) ;  •Sb/i'oif.  .^jiy.  Ora.  /V-  e.VuJ.  p.  21()  (1891). 

AmerElla  pnhhulk,  G.  B.  fSr.  flaHd-litt,  iii.  p.  77,  n.  lOoOo  (1871); 
Jtdmte.  Om.  Cenlralbl.  188^,  p.  3^. 

NettopiM  pulchelluB,  ScUa.  P.  '/..  S.  1880,  p.  505 ;  Sati'ad.  Amt.  Max. 
Cir.  Gen.  iviil  p.  400,  n.  I  (188^) ;  it  Orn.  Pap.  e  Mot.  iii.  p.  3W 
(1883). 

Adult  male.  Frontal  od^-.  sides  of  ttte  ben4,  throat,  breast,  and 
alidomBn  while  ;  Uip  of  tbo  head  brown,  banded  wilb  dark  grw-n 
And  pale  brown  :  in'ck  uU  round,  baok,  scapulars,  and  upp;r  wini;- 
comtA  darlc  gloasy  green  with  it  blniah  tinge ;  tower  pari,  of  tb>' 
';  and  Bides  with  crescentic  white  and  dark  green  bands,  pru- 
duung  »  aoale-like  appeariinee  ;  upper  tail-coverl*  dark  glosey  green, 
imgularly  banded,  especially  towarda  the  base,  with  white  :  ([iiills 
"  I  aecondanea  broadly  tipped  with  white,  forming  a  white  hand 
'  e  wiug ;  under  wing-coTerta  blaek  glossed  with  green  ;  tail 
f  black  ;  under  tail-eurerta  bkck  :  bill  black,  with  the  nail  (in 
ii>  pale :  feet  black  ;  "  irides  dark  brown  "  {Forba).  Total 
_  h  about  IH-S  inches,  wing  0-9,  tail  3,  culmen  0-98,  tarsus  09S. 
Female.  Similar  to  the  male,  but  has  the  top  of  the  head  uniform 
broWD-black;  aidca  of  the  head  and  throat  whit«.  speekled  with 
black :  a  black  band  along  the  middle  uf  the  hind  neck  ;  upper  part 
of  the  neck  whit^-.  with  black  bands,  whinh  lower  down  hate  a 
eT>t*ornt-lik<.-  "hnpo  :  otherwise  um  iu  the  ma!t\ 


C8  ANATID.C. 

Immature  mate.  Has  the  anterior  part  of  the  clieeks  and  the 
throat  tinged  with  blackiHh,  while  the  posterior  part  of  the  checks 
and  the  ear-covertB  are  covered  by  a  very  ooBBpiijuouB  whit«  patch. 

Uab.  Australia,  Southern  New  Guinea,  Tenimber  Islaodi,  Uo- 
luccas,  aud  Celebes. 


<.  [:;]Hd.8k. 

/.  a  ad.  9k. 
y,  A.  tj  2  ad.  sk. 
i.  cT  dd.  ak. 
k.  J  ad.  sk. 
/.  $  ad.  ak. 


Australia. 
Port  EHsington. 

Port  Essington. 

N.W.  Australia. 

Adelaide  River,  N.W.  Aus- 

Pt.  AllMiDT,  N.W.  Australia 

(Coxen). 
Pt.    Moresby,     S.E.    New 

Guinea. 
Larat,    Teui tuber    Island, 

Aug, 


SakiD-Oodman  Coll. 
The   Earl   of    Derby 

[P.]. 
J.    B.    Jukeo,    F.9q. 

[P.! 
Capt  Bowjer  Bower 

I?]- 
P.  W.  BaasettSniith, 

Esq.  fP.]. 
Tweeddale  Coll. 

J.  Goldie  [C.]. 

H.  O.  Forbes,  Esq. 

[CO- 


3.  NettopQB  coromandelianoa. 

Sarcelle  de  Coroniandel,  D'Auhent.  Pi.  Eal.  949   (<J),  950  (J)  ; 

Buf.  nut.  Nat.  Oit.  ix.  p.  274  (1783). 
Uoromandel  Teal,  Lath.  Syn.  iii.  2,  p.  656,  a.  B5  (178.')). 
Anas  coromandeliiina,  Gm.  S.  A',  i.  2,  p.  522,  n.  90  (1788);  LntA. 

Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  870,  n.  106  (1790) ;  Vtalt.  A'.  1).  v.  p.  171  (18HI) ; 

num.  Ditt.  Sc.  Nat.  vi.  p.  396  (1817). 
Anna  coromandelica,  Bom.  Enc.  Mftk.  i.  p.  159,  n.  86  (17ltl). 
Bemicla  coromandeliana,  Steph.  Om.  Zoot.  lii.  1,  p.  66  (1824). 
Cheualopex  coromandeliana.  Leu.  Tr.  ttOrn.  p,  627,  n.  C  (1831). 


p.  m  HmKt);  D.idd,  X.  Airh.  ,Ih  Mut,  li,dl.  vii.  CVif.  n.  44^ 
iCbiM)  (1871):  Lloyd.  Ibii,  1S73,  v  ^'0  (Rullol);  Waid.  IbU, 
187i  p.  149  {ADdauMins);  Andfra.  Ibin.  1B74,  p.  Sii  (ej^p.-s, 
breBdine);  fiV*-  B.  Buna.  o.  1B5  (1875);  »Wrf.  Tr.  Z.  H.  U. 
pp.  243,  259  (1875);  fiuK.  S(r.  K^.W.iv.p.  27  (Oiwerat)  (IS76); 
numr,  ibid.:  Dand  ^  Oiur.  Ois.  Vhine,  p.  501  (1877);  ifcABio. 
J.  /.  O.  1877,  p.  218  (Celebes) ;  Hume  Jf-  7>ap«.  We.  Ftalh.  vi. 
p.  4^  (TenMserim)  (1878) ;  OaU».  Sir.  Fcalk.  vit.  p.  52  (187(1) ; 
CWp*.  iWrf-  P-  311  (1878);  Tiraat,  SmU.  Com.  Affr.  ^  iHdmli: 
(Whinch.  i,  1  (1878),  p.  lUl  (187SJ) ;  Lrggr,  I!,  of  Ceyl  p.  lOCO 
(1S«»;  Diiiyh.  Str.  FealA.  \x.  p.  IB-!  (I88O1;  Twedd.  On. 
n-.-'  .  ^|.  L'-'V  ]04.  413  (1881);  Wardl.  Rams.  ibid.  p.  6S0 
11--'  ."■;.,   1882.  p.  80(E.  BtMiptl);    V'^nhna.  N.   T. 

.V  .1       ,,,L|  (1882):  ■*»/.■■  fVif./f.  »r»rt/.  a>W.  p.r,29 

I  1  -   _      ;,  ,  .  ...,  1882,  p.  198 (Pemk) ;  Oattt,  H.  Brit,  liurm. 

iL  1,  ,:.  vl  --;,.  Ulai.  y.f.  O.  1883.  pp.  121,  122  (Cuktbes) ; 
St,bh.  Ilu.  I^r4.  p.  1'7U  (EiuViHiig,  B.  Chba) ;  Blai.  J.f.  O.  IHM, 

tiaO  |W.E.  Bunieo) ;  »omA.  $  Bani.  Jbii,  1885,  p.  137 ;  Gi-a- 
Kwty,  O'RM,  188-),  p.  IttS;  SiUead,  Ann.  Mu*.  Ge.  Oen.  (:i)  v. 
p.ii2a(TenM»eriui)(188«);  EixrrU,  J.  Str.  Br.  At.  Sm.  1880, 
p.  102;  7'riitr.  Cat.  CoU.  B.  p.  fiJ  (1880);  Styan,  Ibi*.  188», 
p.  Jl«;  Hume,  XetU^Esyi  {OiUn'ed.).  iii.  p.  2tt0  (1800)  ;  Stynn, 
l*t..  1801,  pp.  ;il7,  328,  406  (YniigtsB);  HaHert,  J.f.  O.  1880, 
p.  436;  uf.  Kxil.  VogfUamml.  p.  227  (1801);  £k  La  ToueAf.  Ibit, 
1803,  p.  401  (Fooohow);  Styan,  IbU,  1893,  p.  485  (IlaiuBu) ; 
Mutm.  Ihii,  lam.  p.  71  (Calcutts). 

Micruevgntt  gitra,  J/n^fT'.  (VruyV  Zuo/.  .Vi'm'.  p.  68,  no.  70li(l'^). 

Xetlnp'iia  Rommnndeliciis,  Gould,  P.  Z.  S.  1850,  p.  150  (Trvov)  ; 
Irhy.  Ibii,  18B1,  p.  246  (Oudh):  A-iwnA.  Ibit.  Ifi7.%  p.  (Hi  (Chinn) ; 
(iieb.  The,.  On>.  ii.  p.  701  (purt.)  (1875):  Uumr,  Nest, Ht  Eyyt, 
p.  0;i8  (1876);  Jtume  ^  Manh.  Game-Birdi  vf  Ind.  HI  pi  14 
llw80);  r<»«-<fci-»i.  .V.  T.A:J.iM.  p.  240  (1886),  xlii.  p.  410 
(l«8(l). 

An*r<lln  coromfmdelicd.  O.  R.  Gr.  Cat.  Hodgt.  CM.  B.  M.  2nd  ed. 
p.  70  I  lHl);t) ;  id.  Uand-lid.  iii.  p.  77,  no  1U504  (part.  Y)  (1871) ; 
Hchnit:  Om.  CtntriM.  1882,  p.  22. 

AriMT  (N.-lUpiu)  comiuMitlelUnus,  u.  Mnrl.  J.f.  O.  1806,  p.  30. 

Cbetiiaciu  cutomuidelicitB,  Suad.  Melh.  nat.  Ar.  ditp.  Tent.  p.  148 
(1872). 

Aiu«i«Ua  crorODinndeliana,  Hutdaw.  P.  Z.  8.  1872,  p.  470 ;  Leogi; 
Ibit,  1875,  p.  407. 

NetUpu*  kopachii,  SmiiiA.  Ann.  &  Mag.  y.  If.  (4)  xi.  p.  16  (1873) ; 
GiA.  The.  Om.  Ji.  p.  501  (1875);  Sniik.  Ibit,  1b84,  p.  270 
l=car»niaiid«IianUB), 

Ni-Uapua  cmumuidus,  Ifume.  Sir.  Fnalli.  iii.  p.  Ift2  (187ri). 

NetUipiu  cnromftndeliaDUB,  Blyth,  B.  Burma,  p.  165  (1875) ;  Hiimr, 
Sir.  failh.  vii.  p.  4B1  (187H),  riii.  p.  lU,  n.  iTA  (1870) ;  Ilamr 
*  .VariA.  Oan^Bird.  of  Ind.  iii.  p.  101  (1880) ;  SfUU.  P.  Z.  S. 
I8WI,  V-  fit* ;  Oalt*,  Str.  Ftalh.  ».  p.  243  (Ptgu)  (lt'82j. 

Adull  mate  in  tummer.  Forehead,  crown,  and  nnpt?  Lair-brown, 

I  tli«  (oriDCir  darkeiit ;    remainder  of  bead,    the    whole    neck,    and 

ter  plumage  whit«  ;  a  broad  collar  round  Ihe  neck  black  in  front, 

I  lElumiy  ftn-cu  behind ;  the  white  of  the  braist  pruduced  round  the 

uirkiuid  fomuug  another  collar  below  the  black  one;  Lack,  ^cupulura. 


70  ANATin.E. 

rump,  tcrtiaries,  and  wing-coverts  dccii  glosay  green  ;  secondaries 
gl«iBygreen,broadly  tipped  with  white;  primariea  dark  brownonthe 
basal  halves,  then  while  with  the  tip  black ;  under  wiug-uoverts 
greenish  black ;  upper  tail-eoverte  white,  freckled  with  brown ; 
under  tail-coTerts  dark  brown,  mottled  with  white ;  sides  of  the 
body  vermiculated  with  brown  :  '*  bill  black  ;  iris  bright  red ;  legs, 
toes,  and  webs  black,  the  sides  of  the  tarsus  and  toes  dusky  yellow ; 
claws  horny  brown"  (Oalea).  Total  length  13  inches,  wing  <!'5, 
tail  3,  culmcR  0-92,  tarsus  1. 

FtinaU.  Forehead  and  a  KU['ercilium  dirty  white  ;  crown  and 
nape  dark  bronu ;  lores  and  a  line  through  the  eyes  blackish; 
leroainder  of  head,  the  whole  neck,  and  upper  breast  dull  while, 
mottled  with  brown,  the  marks  on  the  breast  aud  hind  neck 
becoming  well-defined  wavy  lines  ;  the  lower  plumage  dull  while, 
btreaked  and  indistinctly  barred  with  brown  ;  the  whole  upper 
surface,  wings,  and  tail  brown,  the  secondaries  tipjed  with  white, 
and  the  inner  primaries  also  more  narrowly  tipped  with  white ; 
upper  tail-coverts  white,  freckled  with  brown  ;  under  wing-covorts 
brown,  each  feather  margined  with  while :  "  hill  brown  above, 
yellowish  below  ;  iris  brown  ;  legs  and  toes  greenish  yellow  "  (Oale»). 
Size  a  trifie  lees  than  the  male. 

Idah  in  winter.  Similar  to  the  female,  but  always  retains  the 
conspicuous  white  patch  on  the  primaries. 

Yottng.  Similar  to  the  female  till  Ihe  first  spring  ^Oattt). 

Yming  t»  dmim.  Upper  parts,  flanks,  and  under  tftil-coverto 
blackish  brown ;  a  broad  sujwrciliary  stripe,  cheeks,  throat,  front 
neck,  and  breast  white ;  s  brown  line  through  the  eyes ;  two  broad 
white  spots  on  each  side  of  the  back,  one  near  the  ba:<e  of  the 
wings,  and  the  other,  much  longer,  on  the  sides  of  the  rump  ; 
fealhers  of  the  tail  blackish,  very  long  a    '     '" 


1  1.    XETTOPUS. 


71 


My  f.  6  i  ftd.  sk. 
w-y.    (S  9    imm. 

et  pull.  sk. 
*"*'•  S  j'iv.  8k. 
c'-f.  rf  $  ad.  et 

imm.  sk. 
A*,  r.  d  2  ad.  8k. 
m\  n'.  (S  imm.  8k. 
o',  p'.  (S  ad.  8k. 

q\  r*.  c^  5  ad.  8k. 
«'.  cT  ad.  sk. 
f .  (^  ad.  8k. 
»'.  (^  ad.  sk. 

v'.  (^  ad.  sk. 
ht'.  $  ad.  sk. 
y.  (^  imm.  sk. 
/,  «'.  d  $  ad.  sk. 

a"-€f '.  cJ  $  ad.  et 

cf  imm.  sk. 
«"  V-  d  $  ad,  sk. 

h"-r\  cJ  2  ad.  sk. 

et  2  juv.  sk. 
f"-r.  cJ2ad.sk. 

i»"-s".    2   ad.  et 

(J  2  imm*  sk. 
a',  A'.  (S  2  inani- 

sk. 
c*,  <f*.    (J  ad.  et 

imm.  sk. 
e*-f.  2  ad.  et  cJ 

imm.  sk. 
A'.  cT  ad.  sk. 
«*•  6  juv.  sk. 
ie.  2  ad.  sk. 

r,  m».  2  ad.  et  cJ 

juT.  sk 
«"-/>'.  d  2  ad.  sk. 

y*.  2  jUT.  sk. 

r*,  #*.  <J  ad.  sk. 

e,  tt».  d  2  ad.  sk. 
p*,  w*.  d  2  iinm. 

sk. 
x*-s'.  d  $  ad.  sk. 

««-<•♦.  2  ad.  et  <J 
juv.  sk. 


Ankin,  Aug.  (-4.  Anderson). 
Etawab,  Sept. 

Oudh,  Dec.,  Jan.,  Feb. 
Oudh. 

Gondah  (S.  Pinwill), 
Rahimabad,  Sept. 
Nepal. 

Nepal  (Hodyson), 
Darjeeling. 
Buotan. 
Nusserabad. 

Dacca. 

Svlhet. 

Kbasia  Hills  (Griffiths). 

Manipur,    Marcb,    May    (A, 

O.  H.). 
Tongbooy    Feb.,    June,   July 

(A  G,  W.  R). 
Yavtho,    Rrit.    Burma,  June 

(R.  G,  W.  R). 
Near  Rangoon. 
L#ower  Pegu,  May,  June,  and 

Sept. 
Tbatone,     Aug.,     Nov.     ( W. 

Daoison), 
Thamban,  Nov.,  Jan.  (  W.  D.), 

Kaukarvit,    Jan.,     July     {J. 

Darling  «J-  W,  D.), 
Assoon,  March. 

Amherst,  Dec.  ( W.  /).). 

Phalandoung,  Dec.  (  W.  D.), 
Near  Yeaboo,  Dec.  {J.  D.). 
Yea,     Tenasserim,     March 

( W.  D.). 
Tavoy,  April  ( fV,  D.). 


Hume  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 

Hume  Coll. 
Capt.    Stack  house 

PinwiU  [P.l. 
Tweeddale  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 
B.  H.  Hodgson,  Esq. 

fp.]. 

India  Museum  [P.]. 
India  Museum  [P.J. 
India  Museum  [P.]- 
H.  T.  Bellamy,  Esq. 

[P.]. 
Hume  Coll. 
Tweeddale  Coll. 
India  Museum  [P.]. 
Hume  Coll. 

Tweeddale  Coll. 

Tweeddale  Coll. 

Hume  Coll. 

E.    W.  Gates,    Esq. 

[C.]. 
Hume  Coll. 

Hume  Coll. 

Hume  Coll. 

Tweeddalj  Coll. 

Hume  Coll. 

Hume  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 

Hume  Coll. 


Andamans,  July,  Aug.  (22.  J.     Hume  Coll. 

Wimberley). 
S.    Andamans,    Feb.    (R.   G, 

W.  R.). 
Port  Blair,  S.  .Andamans,  May 

{R.  J,  jr.). 

Port  Blair,  July  (R.  J.  H'.). 
Cochin  China,  Nov. 


Tweeddale  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 


Tweeddale  Coll. 
M.  St.  Pierre  [P.]. 


Kiukiang,   China,  Sept    (R. 

Stein  hoe).  (Types 

Kiukiang,     Feb.,    Sept.   \R. 

Swinhoe), 


Seebohm  Coll. 
of  y.  koj)schi,  Swinh.) 
Seebohm  Coll. 


d',e^.^  Q  fid.sk.  Kiiikiaog,  June,  Julr.  F,    W.   Stjan,    Eeq. 

/>.  $  nd.  sk.  Malacca  [C'finlor}.  India  Mtuwiim  [I'.]. 

ff\  a  nr.  ad.  sk.  Suantik.  A.  K.  Wallace,  Esq. 

rc,]. 

A',  1^.  (J  ad.  ak.  Javn  (Diard).  Salvin-GodmAn  ColL 

k'.  <;  nr.  ad.  sk.  Manilla  {Mmtland  Hii-ivt).  Tweeddale  Coll. 

J*.  $  imm,  sk.  Philippine  Island*. 

m*.  S  imm.  »k.  Menndu,  N.  Celfbes.  Tneeddele  Coll. 

n*.  Sternum.  P^u.  W.  E.  Ofttea,    Esq. 


[P.]. 


4.  Hettopas  albipennia. 


Nettapus  coram  an  del  ianuK,  Gould  (nre  Gm.\  B.  Auttr.  Tii.  pt.  5 

(pt.  vi.,  1842) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Gtn.  B.  iii.  p.  608,  n.  1  (part.)  {1844). 
Nuttapus  albipennia,   Gould,  B.  AuUr.  m  text  to  pi.  6  (1842);  id. 

B.   Auttr.   I.  IntTod.  p.  ici  (1848);  .BcAn*.  ^.  ./<r.,  Katatoref, 

t.  96.  If.  036-:f7  (184fif)   (tx   Gould);   Bp.   Vumpt.   Rntd.   xliii. 

p.  049,  n.  01  (1866) ;  Gould,  Handb.  B.  Aiatr.  ii.  p.  359  (1866) ; 

ScMf!,.  Mut.  P.-B.  Anwres,  p,   77    (1866)  ;   Blyth,  Ihit,  1866, 

p.  350  (note);  Finsch,  Verh.  z.-h.  Gis.  Wiea,  1872,  p.  .339;  iW=. 

Ibit,  1873,  p.  122i  Bain*.  P.  Z.  S.  1877,  p.  346;  td.  Pr.  Linn. 

Soe.  A".  8.  W.  ii.  p.  SCO,  n.  651  (1878) ;  Salt.  Cat.  B.  StriM.  CM. 

p.  530,  n.  2678  (1882) ;  B«m$.  Tab.  Lut,  p.  22,  n.  662  (1888). 
Nettapiis  bicolor,   Lem.  Echo  du  Monde  Satant,  1844,  p.  127  (New 

Holland). 
Aneerella  albipennia,  G.  fi.  (7r.  jf(in(/-/t'(t,  iii.  p.77,n.  1069(!  (1871); 

Bcinw.  On.  Centralbl.  1882,  p.  22. 
NettapuB  coromandelicufl,  part.,  Gieb.  Thet.  Ot-n.  ii.  p,  701  (JP7^). 
NettopuB  albipennia,  Sclot.  P.  Z.  S.  18^0,  p.  505. 
NettApus  curumAndelinnuB  albipennia,  Hartert,   Kal.    Vogrltamml. 

p.228,n.S375(l«91). 


ajidelianvt,  froio  which  it  ia  doubtfull}- 


rKtij  lo  the  Ifj/fcUt. 
Daul  portinn  of  tlie  oppRr  mandible  formit  a  teiy 
rfi^p  btikI"  bptown  llio  teathering  of  the  fore- 
hiroilRnd  tliAtofthelnreBi  feiltherBOD  the  Miles  nf 
tli«  neck  of  tbe  mole  nornuil ;  inner  terlials  somn- 
wfaHt  bnuul,  but  with  the  shnft  cUnigbt;  undt^r 
winfT^verts  And  HxilliuieB  white  spilled  with 

bUckiih  both  in  taaXn  and  female   tponta,  p.  73, 

A.  Ruse  of  the  upper  nuuidibie  forma  almriet  n  straight 
)in«finm  the  forehead  to  the  comT  of  the  tuoutli; 
foatbers  on  the  aides  of  the  neck  of  the  male 
tiiuch  eloogBted,  forming  a  conspicuous  rufT  of 
namiir  ch^tnut  feathers  striped  with  whitish ; 
innermost  t«rtinl  tery  broad  and  with  the  shaft 
miicb  bi-nt  downwaids ;  under  wiiij;-or)verta  aud 
axillaiies  uniform  bruwmsh  grey  both  in  mule 
and  female jfoleriiiliita,  \<. 


1 .  Ml  sposea. 

Summer  Duck,  Cattfl.  Carol,  i.  p.  07,  pi.  97 :  Edte.  Birtli,  pi.  lUl  ; 

LalA.  .'*tn.  iii.  2,  p.  5J«.  n.  8*5  (17*)). 
Adm  MtivB,  Briu.  Om.  vi.  p.  3!i3.  pi.  xsxii.  f.  2  (17llO). 
Anas  tpoiua,  Lmu.  S.  A',  i.  p.  207.  n.  43  (176il);  Gm.  8.  N.  i. 

•_',  p.  BSD,  n.  Vi  (1788) :  Lati.  Jml  Om.  a.  p.  871,  n.  »7  {17»0) ; 

Abw.  Ent.  Mfth.  i.  p.  130.  pi.  35.  f.  1  (1790) ;   WU».  Am.   Orn. 

till.  p.  07,  pi.  70.  f.  a  (1814);    VirilL  If.  D.  t.  p.  10«  (18111)! 

Ami.  Diet.  Sc.  Nat.  vi,  p.  a82  (1817) ;  Licht.  Ven.  DouM.  p.  85 

(IB23)i  Sl^.  Gen.  Zooi.  xii.  2.  p.  SC  (1B24):  Bp.  OU.   WOt. 

a.  201  (1825);   Yarrra,  P.  Z.  S.  I8W,  p.  35  (Dorking);   Benn. 

Oard.  d-  Mnuig.  Zool.  Soe.,  Birdi.  p.  281,  with  %ure  {18:)l)i 

Zm*.   Tr.  d'Ont.  p.  634  (1831);  Null.  Man.  ii.  p.  304  (1834); 

And.   On.   Biogr.  ill.  p.   fi2  (1835),  ».  p.  618  (163a);  id.  Syn. 

p.  280(1830);    Viffor;  Zool.  Btrckey't  Tov.  p.  30  (ISiifl);  IfOrh. 

m  La  Sagrt/t  Htit.  Nat.  Cuba,  Oit.  p,  288  (1840) ;  Ktys.  ^  Bin*. 

HWWA.  £i«-,  p.  Uxriv  (1840);  Aud.  B.  vim.  vi.  p,  27!,  pi,  391 

(ltt43);(?ira«d,B.Zoiifr/«/.  p.312(]844|;  DeKay,N.  Y.Zoid.W. 

p.  .138  (1844) ;   Degl.  Om.  Ear.  ii.  p.  440  (1849)  i    WM,  J./.  0. 

It4fie,  p.  170,  pi.  2.  ff.  1,  2;  Srkby.  Miu.  P.-B.,  Anaeres,  p.  71 

(196(1);  fJw*.  Thr4.  Om.  L  p.  362  (1872). 


.\ix  ipoiiKa,  Bow,  /<M.  1828,  p,  839.  □.  8 ;  Bp.  Comp.  Litf,  p.  67. 
n.  31*)  (1^38)  i  O.  R.  Or.  lid  B.  Brit.  Mu*.  iii.  p.  133  (1844) ; 
id.  &»>.£.  iii.  p.  614,  D.  1  (tA45);  Goue.  B.  Jam.  v.  408(1647); 
BMk,  Cat.  B.  Mum.  A.  S.  B.  p.  30fl,  n.  1783  (1&49);  WoodA. 
t»sr.  Rip.  p.  102  (1853);  Licit.  Nomfncl.  Av.  p.  102  (1854); 
Jlp.  Oimpt.  Bfnd.  xl.  p.  OtU  (18641,  xliii.  p.  6«),  n.  121  (IBfiC) ; 
L.  Brfhm,  Kawaanuia,  \».Vi,  p.  208 ;  Vol-,  j-  Gundl.  J.f.  O.  1857, 
p.  220(Cub»);  Keah.  P.  n.  R.  Rtp.Mvp.Vmmh-);  Biiird,  B.  N. 
Mw.  n.  786  (18.-j81 1  id.  Vat.  N.  Am.  B.  n.  587  (1850) ;  A.  Ai-irf. 
/fti'ir,  1850.  p.  lOtii  Srlat.  P.  7..  8.  1859,  p.  20ft  (iDCubation); 
Umiav.  J.  t.  O.  18,50,  p.  372  (Zool.  Oart.) ;  ffwrai.  P.  R.  R. 
Ktp.  X  uU  6,  p,  («  (1850);  Coop.  *  Suckl.  A'.  //.  »'<uA.  J'urr. 
p.  250  (1800);  GundL  J.f.  O.  1801,  p.  ;U4  :  Albr.  J.f.  O.  1862, 


p.  i07  (Jftniaira) ;  Hayd.  Rrp.  180^,  p.  176 ;   I>/-r.  Pr.  Em.  Itut. 

lii.  p.  163  (1862)  i  Ulakiil.  Ibu,  1863,  p.  147 ;  G.  R.  Gr.  tW.  £r. 

B.  p.  106  (1863) ;  March,  Pr.  Ac.  Pkilad.   1864,  p.  71  (Junaici) ; 

<imdl.    Btpirt.   Fu.-Kat.  i.  p.  389  (1866);    J)re«i.  Ibit,  1866, 

p.  43  (Texas) ;  Brovm,  Ibu,  1868,  p.  428 ;  Homry.  J.  f.  O.  1868, 

p.  350;  Coiie»,  Pr.  Em.  Itut.  iii.  p.  299  (1868) ;  Eyt.  Syn.  Anot. 

p.  72  (1868) ;  St^at.  P.  Z.  S.   \&Si,  p.  629  (breeding) ;  Draehenf. 

J.J.  0.   1870,  p.  160;  G.Ji.  Gr.  Hmd-tut,  iii.  p.  80,  n.  106:i6 

(1871);    Vouet,  Kfu,  p.  288  (1872);   Selat  *  Hah:   Norn.  Av. 

Atofrop.  p.  180(18/3);  Onw*,  CAcdb-M  n.  49B  (1873) ;  id.  Bird* 

N.-  We»t,  p.  571   (1874) ;  Imcr.  Man.  Bo*t.  Soc.  N.  H.  ij.  p.  315 

(Mexico)  {\874);  (?ii»*V./.  0.1876, p. 381(Cubft);  Schal.J./.O. 

1876,  p.  11   (Brandenburg);  Stlal.  ^  Salv.  P.  '/..  S.  1876,  p.  397; 

Scimidt,  P.  X.  S.  1880,  p.  318;  Sclat.   P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  613; 

A.  8f  E.  Sort.  Handb.Jam.  p.  113  (1881);  Ridgv.  Horn.  Jf.Am. 

i(.  n.  613  (1881);  &fc.  Cat.  B.  Strtckl.  Oitf.  p.632  (1882);  Qmet, 

theck'tiit,  2nd  ed.  p.  114,  n.  719  (1882);  TwAiHri  en  Sckmidh. 

MT.ora.  Vrr.  B'^tn,  1884,  p.  30  (Styrin);  Cmut,  Sty  N.  Am.  B. 

2nd  ed.  p.  608,  n.  719  (1884)  ;  B.,  B.,  ^  li.  Water-Birdi  ff.  Amer. 

ii.  p.  11,  tig.  p.  10  (188i)i  Con/,  Lid  Birdi   W.  I.  p.  31  (1885); 

Sehrl.  J.f.   0.  1885,  p.  147  (UlinoiB);  A.  0.  U.   Chrck-iix  If. 

Am.  B.  p.   118,  n.  114  (1886)  ;  Bidffio.  Man.  N.  Am.  B.  p.  09 

(1887);    Cory,  Auk,  1888,  p.   66;    Tritlr.   Ott   CoU.  B.   p.   60 

(1889);    Evani,   Ibit,   1891,    p.   73;  HarteH,  Kat.    VogtUamml. 

p.  229  (1891) ;  Sharpe,  Cat.  OtUol.  Specim.  CiJl.  Surg.  iii.  p.  304 

(1801)  ;  HaUh,  B.  ofMinne».  p.  51  (1803)  ;  Cory,  B.  Weri  Ind. 

p.  86  (1892). 
DendronesM  Hpnnsa,  Stc.  ^  Bieh.  Faun.  Bor.-Am.  ii.  p.  446  (1831); 
rarrdt,  P.  Z.  S.  1833,  p.   10  (moult) ;  Sir.   Clan.  B.  ii.  p.  366 

(1837)  ;    &y$.  ^  Blot.  WirbtUh.  Eur.  p.   326   (1840)  ;    HaHl. 

Syit.  Verz.Gr».  Mu».D.U%{\BU);  Bcknb.  Syn.  AB.,^a.tMonm, 

t.  96.  ff.  190-198  (1846);  Dtimu,  P.  '£.  S.  1847,  p.  40;  GuUiv. 

P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  488. 
]^nipron(«iH  sponSB,  Wayl.  Ui»,  1832,  p,  2^1? ;  Suridn:  Meth.  nat. 


U.  .ST.  73 

A'Mt  mail.  Hcid  (lurk  gloHsy  gri^cn,  checks  [iiir|ili.-  ;  lung 
prndeot  oecipitul  crest  glossy  green,  purple  behind,  and  bounded 
above  aud  below  by  two  wbite  liues,  the  upper  one  starting  from 
the  forehead  and  passiug  over  the  630,  the  lower  one  starting 
behind  the  eye  ;  a  broad  velvety  blaek  paWh  oa  the  upper  part 
of  thu  siden  of  the  neck  ;  chiD,  throat,  and  ujtper  fore  neck  white. 
Bonding  ott'  a  branch  between  the  cheeks  aud  the  black  velvety 
]jHtch,  and  another  below  this  on  the  sidea  of  the  neck ;  hind  neck 
and  mantle  dark  brooiie-grcen  ;  back,  rump,  and  upper  tail-coverts 
dark  bronzy  green ;  scapulars  dark  velvety  green,  the  inner  oneB  more 
)(rcen  on  the  inner  web ;  lower  fore  nock  and  breast  glnsar  eheatnut, 
with  triangular  white  sputa  at  the  tips  of  the  feathers  of  the  breast : 
on  the  sides  of  tho  breast  a  while  band,  edged  below  with  a  liruador 
black  una  ;  lower  breast  and  abdomen  while ;  aides  and  Hunks  pale 
brown,  vermieulated  with  Hack,  the  longer  feathers  beautifully 
marked  at  the  tips  with  black  and  silky-white  bands  ;  lower  flanks 
glossy  chestnut;  nnder  tail-coverts  brown;  lesaer  wing-coverts 
brou lie- green,  tho  middle  and  greater  ones  silky  blue,  edged  with 
velvety  black ;  primaries  silky  groy  on  tho  outer  web,  glossy  bluish- 
green  at  the  tip;  secondaries  glossy  bluish-green,  with  a  wbite 
band  at  the  lip;  inner  secondaries  or  tertials  very  broad  velvety 
bluiah-bluck,  but  the  one  next  to  the  secondaries  glossed  with 
coppery  rod  on  the  outer  web ;  axillaries  and  under  wing-coverts 
white,  spotted  with  blackisli,  the  greater  ones  more  grey ;  tail  above 
dark  velvety  green,  helow  dusky  ;  "  a  InngitudimJ  space  on  tho 
culmen,  and  tip  of  the  bill  with  the  nail,  black ;  an  oblong  space  of 
milk-wbite  from  nostrils  to  the  nail ;  a  border  of  gamboge-yollow 
following  the  basal  outline  of  the  bill;  rest  of  the  bill  dark  purplish 
red,  deopoDing  into  scarlet  just  behind  the  nostrils ;  iris  bright 
orange-red ;  eyelids  deep  vermilion ;  legs  and  feet  dull  chrome- 
yellow,  the  webs  and  joints  dusky  "{Jfirfou'a.i/).  Total  length  about 
19  inches,  wing  9-9-50,  tul  5,  oolmen  1-40',  tarsus  1-4(J. 

lah.  Head  and  neck  grey,  glossed  with  green  on  the  upper 
part  of  the  head  and  crest ;  a  space  surrounding  the  eyes,  chin  aud 
throat  white ;  back,  rump,  and  upper  tail-coverts  bronze-grey ; 
scapulars  and  tertials  also  bronze-grey,  but  gloaaed  with  purple ; 
brt-asl,  sides,  and  flanks  brown-grey,  with  whitish  tpois  along  tlie 
ilc  of  tho  feathers,  broader  on  ^e  aides  and  HankK  ;  wings  a^  in 
mole,  but  the  inner  grentor  wing-coverts  glossod  with  copperj' 
;  tail  above  greyish  bron/.y  green,  below  duskv  :  lower  lirciwt. 
>men,  aud  un(iBr  tail-coverls  whit«,  the  liHi  ■  1.  ■■■■n.  1  n  iih 

hrown-groy  :  "bill  dark  plurol>eous,  the  miil  >  .•-•<'•! 

n  the  culmen  black  :  eyelids  chromp-yeIh»v  ,  j^ 

and  feet  yellowish  brown  "  (Ridt/'t-mn      ''.'■••■ 
inches,  wing  8-50,  tail  4-5,  ruimen  1 
Young  ill  douit,  "  Alwvo  deep  li  1 : 
on  the  piJGum  and  toil :  a  ilin^ 

border  of  tho  arm-wing,  and  ai 

Fide  of  the  rump;  lores,  saIlercili■]r^ 


North  America. 


t«  the  occiput,  vith  lateral  aii<l  uuder  parte  of  the  hsad,  generally 
bright  Bulphurj'  buff,  crossed  by  a  vide  stripe  of  blackish  brona 
extending  from  the  occiput  forward  to  the  eye ;  remiiining  lower 
parts  dinf;y  whit«,  the  sides  brownish,  this  crossed  on  the  flanks  by 
an  indistinct  whitish  bar"  {Hidffway). 

Hah.  Nearctio  r^on  from  the  50th  pnrallel  to  the  Gulf  of  Uexico; 
resident  in  Cuba  (Gundla^) ;  accidental  in  Jamaica  and  Bermudas. 

h.  Foil.  sk. 
c,  d,  e.  tS  ad. 

et  juT,  sk. 
/  (J  ad.  sk. 
ff.  (J  ad.  sk. 
A.  tS  ad.  sk. 
i.  Pull.  sk. 

k.  cTjuv.sk. 

/.  d  ad.  sk. 

m.   (f  juv.  sk. 

n.  S  ad.  sk. 

0.  d  ad.  sk. 

p.  (J  ad.  at 

J.  (J  jUT.  sk. 


Fraser  B.  (Itr.  I^aS). 
AahUnd,  Oregon,  Feb. 
iia,a  FraociKO,  California. 
Moody  Co.,  Dakota,  May  (F.  T. 

Jencki). 
Fore  DuSerin,  June. 

Baffle    Lake,  New    Brunswick, 

May  (H.  E.  DreMtr). 
Lyon's   Falls,  New   York,  Aug. 

(A.J.  Dayan). 
New  Haven,   Connecticut,  Uct. 

(A.  J.  J).). 
Eliiabeth,    New    Jersey,  April 

(Merriam'}. 
Princeton,  lUinoie,  Oct. 


E.   Doubleday,   Esq. 

Gould'Coll. 

J.  K.  Lord,  Esq.  [P.]. 

LordOdoKusselirP.]. 
Salviu-Oodman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
SalTin-Godman  Coll. 

N.  America  Boundary 

Comm.  fP.]. 
Salvin^odman  Coll. 

Salvin-Qodman  Coll. 

SalTin-Godnuui  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


Faimn  Jnp,,  Aeri.'a.  137(11*50):  .VcWto.  Ma-.  P-Zf.,  Anserea.p.  70 

(I«tWj;   David,  N.  Arch.  Mut..  Bttll.  di.  ('a(.  n.4fi2(l»ri);  fl«*. 

71tf<.  On.  i.  p.  35^>  (187^) ;  Sen&h.  B.  Japan.  Emp.  p.  246  (1^90). 
Swfsllo  de  U  Cbine,  DAubaU.  PI.  KhI.  80r>,  806  (d  2) ;  Bwp 

ffi«(.  .V«f,  Oil,  ii.  p.  270,  pi,  19  (1783). 
Ctiiiiese  Duck,  LUk.  ^p,.  iii.  2,  p.  548,  n.  86  (178.')}. 
Aix  •nlericulata,   BoU,  Itii,   IHiSS,  p.   390,  o.   1  ;  Stnekt.  P.  Z.  S. 

1842.  p.  ltf«:  a.  a.  Gr.  Liel  B.  Brit.  Mm.  iii.  p.  133  (1844); 

«tO«..  B.  iii.  p.  «14.  n.  2(1S46):  GouJd,  B.  i/ Aiia,  \ii.  pi.  m 

(pt.  iv.,  lSr,'i)i  Lirht.  Sommcl.  Av.  p.  102  (1854);  Bp.  Compl. 

And.  iliii.  p.   4oO,  a.  122  (ISSfl);  .S<Jfl^  P.  Z.  S.   im\  p,  200 

(iocnbatioii) :  Honu-v.  J.f.  O.  I8jil),  p.  372  (Zool.  Oart.) ;  Swink. 

P.  Z.  S.  180!.  p.  324  (CentMl  Chnw);  id.  IhU.  I8IJ0.  p.  295 

(FonnoBa!);  iVw».    Coy.   n,   IIW   (I8tlT) ;    WhiUfy,   Ibli.  1807. 

p.  207  (ilslioiUdi) ;  £yl.  Si,n.  Anal,  p.  71  (ISOtt) ;  &-/at.  P.  Z.  X. 

IWW.  p.  620  (bjwdingl ;  (/.  R.  (It.  Hmtd-M,  iii.  p,  80.  ii.  10027 

(ICTl):  Svmh.  P.  Z.  S.  1871,  p.  418;  I'rk.  IbU,   1873,  p.  123; 

Garr.  P.  Z.  S.  \%1A,  v.  467  (cBrotidB),  p.  ffiW  (rauacW) ;  Sainh. 

lhi»,  1875,  pp.  137.  457  (llakodadi) ;  Ityb.  It  Tarx.  J.  f.  O.  187^ 

5,  266  (llwuri) ;  Tats.  J.  f.  0.  1876,  p.  203;  irf.  Bull  Soe.  Zwti. 
V.  ii.  n.  45  (1877);  Daeid  ^  Owl.  OU.  rfttn/-.  p.  Wl  (1877) ; 
Btak.  i  Prytr,  IhU.  1878,  p,  213  (Jup^n);  SW«(.  P.  Z.  S.  I8»0, 
p-.-ilS:  h«iaH,J.f.  0.  IMSI.p.  03,  1882,  p.  340;  Blali.  Sf  Pi-yer, 
TV,  A»,  Sor.  Japan,  \.  p.  07  (1882) ;  Jmv,  Pr.  U.  S.  Xal.  Mw. 
\i.  p.  318  (18831;  B..  B.,  *  B.  Wabr-hird*  A".  Am.  ii  p.  ft 
(oot«)  (1884) :  BidpB.  Man.  N.  Am.  B.  p.  90  (1887) ;  Gigl  ^ 
Saleod,  P.  Z.  S.  1887.  p,  591  (Olgft  Bav) :  Salmd.  (^  Gigl.  M^. 
A.  Ae.  Sc.  Tor.  (2)  xxxix.  pp.  118,  l31  (1886) ;  Tacz.  P.  Z  S. 
188P,  p.  460  (CoreaJ :  Dorriet,  J.f.  O.  1886,  p.  02  (B.  Siberia)  ; 
Trutr.  Cat.  CoU.  B.  p.  fiO  (1889);  Eean»,  lbi»,  1891,  p.  73; 
Sfyan,  IW«.  1891,pp.  328,  490;  Hartal.  Kat.  yofftiiamml.ip.229 
0891):  Skarvf,  Cat.  OiUol.  Spedm.  CoU.  Surg.  iii.  p.  304  (1801) ; 
J)»  La  Toiioht.  Iln»,  1802,  p.  492  (China). 

Coataoncsm  galmcisiM^  Eaup,  Itii,  1820  (/d«  Qould,  B.  of  Ana, 
vu.  test  of  pi.  60). 

Umpionesu  galericuUta.  Waffl.  UU,  1832,  p.  282;  Smd.  Mtlh. 
nil.  Ap.  dup.  Tml.  p.  146  (1872). 

Deiidn)ne«sa  gateric^nta,  Sw.  Anim.  in  Meniiff.  p.  233  (1837);  id. 
Clou.  B.  ii.  p.  3as  (1837):  Uartl.  Sp>t.  fert.  Gel.  .Vui.  p.  118 
(1844) ;  JfcAnA.  Sjpi.  Av.,  NaUtorw,  t.  95.  ff.  194-195  (1845). 

Ai«  g«lericuUt«,  Eyl.  Man.  Anal.  p.  110  (1838). 

Ame  uitori,  Temm.  [M  I'i.fiU  G.  B.  Gr.  Lttt  B.  Brit.  Mua.  iii. 
p,  I3il  (in  oyn.  A.  galerlculatre }. 

Ana*  (Aix)  pnlericulBta,  Sckrenck,  JUff.  Amur-L<md,  p.  460  {1600) ; 
Badde.  Brit.  »■  S.O.  S,&!r.  ii.  p.  302  (1863). 

Mx  tpdcriculata,  Seht.  Litt  rert.  An.  8tli  ed.  p.  438  (1880), 

HifhruU. 


AJitt  maU.  FoTeLcad  jcloiey  green,  changing  into  purple  on  the 
croirn;  Iod^  oocipital  crest  coppery  red.  changing  irto  dark  purple 
and  iirecii  below  ;  niilrs  of  ihe  head  anteriorly  bufi,  changing  into 
while  round  the  even,  from  whtrc  the  white  extends  on  the  eidcs  of 


the  head  and  of  the  crest ;  lower  part  of  the  crest  dark  metallic 
green ;  chin  and  throat  cinnamon  ;  sides  of  the  neck  with  Ion); 
pointed  feathers,  of  a  chestnut  colour,  striped  with  whitish  along 
the  middle  ;  back,  rump,  upper  taU'COverta,  and  lesser  wing-coverts 
hoarj'  brown  with  a  dull  bronzy  gloss ;  lower  neck  iu  front  and  on 
the  sides  gloesy  chestnut,  bounded  on  the  sides  with  five  oreeceutic 
bands,  throe  bkck  snd  two  white;  sides,  breast,  abdomen,  and  under 
tail-coverts  white ;  sides  and  flankfl  pale  brown,  vermioulated  with 
black,  the  longer  feathers  with  white  and  black  crescentic  bands 
at  the  tip ;  lover  flanks  tinged  with  glossy  chestnot ;  scapulars 
hroniy  greyish  green,  glossed  with  blue,  the  outer  ones  white, 
hroadly  edged  with  velvety  black  on  the  outer  weh ;  primaries  grey 
on  the  outer  web,  tipped  with  green  on  the  inner  weh ;  secondaries 
glossy  hlubh  green,  tipped  with  a  white  band  ;  inner  tertial  with 
the  shaft  much  bent  downward,  giving  to  the  outer  web  a  falcate 
form,  the  inner  web  eiceaaivcly  widened  into  a  very  broad  chest-- 
nut  fan,  edged  on  the  upper  part  with  whitish  and  on  the  lower 
with  velvety  steel-black,  the  outer  web  of  the  same  feather 
velvety  steel-hlack ;  under  wing-coverts  brown-grey ;  tail  brown 
olive-grey:  "iris  dark  brown,  with  a  yellowish- white  outer  ring: 
bill  reddish  hrown,  with  the  nail  bluish  flesh-colour;  tarsus  aud 
toes  reddbh  yellow  ;  membranes  blackish  "  {Srhrentk).  Total  length 
■bout  IT  inches,  wing  94,  tail  4-5,  culmen  1-25,  tarsus  I*35. 

Female.  Head,  neck,  and  crest  grey ;  a  band  at  the  base  of  the 
Irill,  round  the  eyes,  a  bond  starting  Srom  the  eyes  towards  the 
nape,  chin,  throat,  lower  breast,  abdomen,  and  under  tail-coverts 
white ;  lower  fore  neck,  breast,  sides,  and  flanks  brownish  grey, 
each  feather  with  a  whitish  oblong  spot  near  the  tip  ;  upper  partn 
and  upper  wiug-covfrts  brown  olivc-fsrcy;  primaries  brown,  with 
the  edge  of  the   outer  web  grey  ;  secondaries  bi-own-olive,  with  a 


13.   CEBEOFSIB. 

71 

M.    $    Id.  Sk. 

Hakndndi,  Japan,  Sept.  (Bl^ 

uton). 
Yokohama,  Japan  (ff.  Prytr). 

Seebahm  Colt. 

sk. 
q.  5»d..k. 

Seebolim  Coll. 

KamozB-  Village,   Tsu-ahima, 

Seebohm  Coll. 

April  (P.  A.  HoUi). 

r.  6  Kd.  Bk. 

Nil  VillaiK,  Tsu-Ahitna,  Oct. 
(P.  A.  Haiti). 

Soebohm  Coll. 

f-f.  Pull.  St. 

K.  Pull.  »k. 

H.  J.  Elwes,  Esq!  [P. 

•T.    Pull.  8k. 

Oould  Coll. 

y.  Skeleton. 

Subfamily  IV.  CEREOPSIN^. 

VA.  CEKEOPSIS. 
CsTPopsis,  Lath.  Iitd.  Om.  Suppl.  p.  Uvii  (1801). .  C.n. 
Range.  Confined  to  S.E.  Australia  and  Tasmania. 


1.  Cereopais  noTS  hollaodis. 

Cygne  cendrt.  LabUIard.  Voy.  Jlrek.  La  Pir.  i.  p.  130,  pi.  9  (1801). 

New  Holland  Cereopsis,  Lath.   Oen.  S^.  Suppl.  ii.  p.  32.",  pi.  l.** 
(1801). 

Cereopsis  nov»  holUodite,  Lath,  Ind.  Om.  St^ml.  p.  Ixvii  (1801) ; 
/%.?«>*.  p.  2f)3(1811);  Fifill.  Ana/y»e,f.  00,  gt-n.  2U  (IBIO) ; 
Temm.  Man.  dOnt.  2nd  ed.  Analyte,  p.  cvii  (1820) ;  id.  PL  CW. 
206  (livr,  85,  1823) ;  SCeph.  Gm.  Zooi.  lii.  3,  p.  67  (1824) ;  Boie, 
Im,  1820,  p.  081  i  Ran:.  El.  Zool.  ix.  p.  292  (1826) ;  Lett.  Man. 
iTOm.  ii.  p.  412  (1828) ;  id.  Tr.  aOm.  p.  627  (18.tl>;  YarrfU, 
P.  ■£.  S.  I8a0,  pp.  26,  26  (anaUiniy)  ;  i(*nne«,  P.  Z.  S.  1830, 
pp.  S6.  27  ;  id.  Gard.  and  Menag.  Z/mI.  Sac.,  Birdt,  pp.  315- 
324  (1831);  Bep.  Couneil  Z.  S.  1831,  p.  14,  18.32,  p.  13;  Lett. 
Cooipl.  de  Bujf.,  Oit.  ii.  p.  523  (1837) ;  id.  op.  cit.  2itA  ed. 
p.  716  (1838)  ;  Eut.  Mon.  Anat.  p.  80  (1838) ;  Temm.  PI.  Col.  i. 
TaW.  Mm.  p.  100  (1838):  Jard.  4-  Selbu,  lU.  0,-n.  (a.  ter.)  pi.  S3 
(1839) ;  Rapp.  Mm.  Smc/Unb.  iii.  p.  11  (1830) ;  G.  R.  Or.  Litt 
Gen.  B.-p.  73(1840);  id.  Litt  B.  Brit.  Miu.  iii.  p.  126  (1844); 
id.  Om.  B.  iii.  p.  f06  (18J4);  Hartl.  Syit.  fVra.  Oi'.  M<u. 
p.  117  (1844)  ;  RchA.  S^.  An.,  Natatores,  t.  1)6.  ff.  940-tMl 
(1S46);  Gould,  B.  Auttr.  vii.  pi.  1  (pt.  Mviii.,  1847)!  Bcknh. 
Av.  Sk/tt.  yat.  p.ix,  tab.!.  (1863);  td.  J./.  O.  IBf" 
Licht.  Nomencl.  Ar.  u.  101  (18-54)  ;  Bp.  Gimpl.  Rend,  xi 
n.  36  (1866);  Crltp.  P.  Z.  S.  1857,  p.  215;  SclaL  P.  i 
p.  206  (incubnlioii):  Schltg.  Dierent.  u.  """"  ''*""  "' 
Oould,  HohA-  B.  Autlr.  li.p.  3S0(]Sf 
Anseres,  p.  115  (1866);  Ei,t.  SMpL 
(18flB);  id.  Syii.  Aimt.  p.  15  fISffljj 
p.  280;  Sdat.  t.  c.  p.  ^0  (breodinir)  |  f 
G.  R.  Or.  Hand-lia,  iii.  p.  74,  - 
/./.  0. 1871,  p.  255  (e«);  (iith^ 
8»)td.Metk.tui.A<.:-"-    ■" 


1873,  p.  769 ;  GiiIUd.   P.  Z.  S.  ISTH,  p.  4S8  ;   Garrod,   P.  Z  S. 

1876, p.  197  (Uclirvmal  region);   Itanu.  Pr.  Linn.  Soc.  K.S.  It'. 

i.  p.  194  (187B),  ii-p.  aOO,  n.  647  (1878);   Oudow,J.f.  O.  1877, 

p.  389  (iatostin.) ;  Diggt.  B.  Auttr.n.^\.  108   (1877?);  Schmidt, 

P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  317  ;   Selat.  t.  c.  pp.   497,  535  ;  Bchnw.  I'dg. 

Zool.  Gdrt.  p.  08  (1882);  Sclat.  Litl  Vert.  An.  8th  ed.  p.  417 

( 1883) ;  Helm,  J.  /.  O.   1884,  p.  334  (muscles)  ;  Legge,  Pr.  Rog. 

Soc.   Tasm.  1886,  p.  244  (1887);  Hanu.  Tab.  List,  p.  22,  n.  6-58 

(1888);    Eiiani,   UU,    1891,   p.   Tl    (iacubHiion)  ;    SAarpe,    Cat. 

Otteol.  Spedm.  CoU.  Surg.  iii.  p.  291  (1891) ;  Marltrt,  Kat.  r<jgel- 

mmml.  p,  226  (1891);  Forbei,   Tr.  N.  Zeal.   Intl.   xxi».  p.   185 

(1892). 
Cereopsis  dnereus,  Vieill.  N.  J),  v.  p.  516  (1810) ;  id.  Gal.  de»  Ois. 

\\.  p.  211,  pi.  284  (1825);  Cuo.  Jt^.  An.  2nd  ed.  i.  p.  609 

(1829). 
Anser  grieeus,  rieill.  N.  D.  xxiii.  p.  336  (1818) ;  id.  Ene.  Mtth.  i. 

p.  351,  pi.  236.  f.  1  (1823) ;  Bennett,  P.  Z.  S.  1830,  p.  27. 
Anas  temo  lueuwin,  Siphe,  MS.,  D'Bntrcfa»t.Xarrat.,/kle  Oennetl, 

P.  Z.  S.  1830,  p.  26. 
C«reopsis  cinerea,  Brandt,  Descr.  tt  Ic.  An.  Rose.  Nor.,  A  cee,  fwc.  i, 

p.  6  (1836). 
Cereopaifl  nmtnilis,  Sw.  An.  in  Menag.  p.  219,  f.  32(1837);  id. 

Clou.  B.  ii.  p.  306  (1837). 

Adult.  Crown  of  the  head  whitish,  the  remaicdcr  of  the  plumage 
brownish  grey;  some  of  the  wing-cOTerta  and  Bcapularg  with  a 
spot  of  brownish  black  near  the  tip;  the  feathers  of  the  back 
margined  with  pale  brownish  grey  ;  the  apical  half  of  the  primaries, 
the  tips  of  the  secondaries,  the  tail,  and  the  under  tail-coverts 
blackish  brown  :  "  bill  black,  cere  lemon-yellow ;  irides  vermilion  ; 
eyelash  dark  brown  ;  legs  reddish  orange  ;  toes,  webs,  claws,  and  a 
streak  up  the  front  of  the  legs  black"  (Oould).  Total  lengtJi 
34  inches,  wing  20,  tail  8,  bill  2,  tarsus  3-6. 

FemaU.  Ijke  the  male. 


Ajvsranrjt.  81 

Apparently  allied  to  Cereoptit  novce  hoUandim  is  the  extinct 
Cnemiornii  ealdtrans,  known  only  from  its  bones,  which  are  found 
together  with  remains  of  Dinomithidce. 

CNEMI0RNI8.  ^ 

Type. 

Cnemiornia,  Owen,  Trans.  Zool.  Soc.  v.  p.  396  (1865). . .     C.  calcitrans. 

1.  CnemionuB  calcitrans. 

Cnemiomis  calcitrans,  Otren,  Trans.  Zool.  Soc.  ▼.  pp.  396-402, 
pis.  Ixiii.-lxvii.  (1805) ;  Hector^  Trans.  N.  Zeal,  Ink.  vi.  pp.  26- 
o4,  pis.  x.-xiv.a  (1874) ;  Owen,Trans.  Zool.  Soc,  ix.  pp.  25S-272, 
pk.  xxxv.-xxxix.  (1876)  ;  id.  Extinct  B.  of  New  Zeal,  pis.  ci.-civ. 
(1879) ;  Lydekker,  Cat,  Foss.  B.  p.  99  (1891). 

^  Sknll  short  and  massive,  with  beak  rounded  and  stout.  Carina 
of  Mternnm  aborted.  Limb-bones  short  and  very  stout,  the  ulna 
being  shorter  than  the  humerus  and  having  very  prominent  tubercles 
for  the  secondaries  ;  cnemial  crest  of  tibia  greatly  developed.  No 
foramen  between  third  and  fourth  trochlese  of  tarso-metatarsus. 
Spines  of  dorsal  vertebrae  tall.  Very  considerably  larger  than  the 
existing  Cereojms  novcB  hoUandioi^  with  the  limbs  relatively  much 
stouter  and  shorter."     {Lydelcker,) 

Hah,  New  Zealand. 

a.  Skeleton  (in-      Earns  Clough  Cave,  Otago.       Capt.  Fraser  [P.]. 
complete). 

b.  Several  bones.     Oamaru.  Dr.  H.  0.  Forbei  [E.] 

Subfamily  V.  ANSERIN.E. 

Key  to  the  Genera, 

«.  Serrations  on  cutting-edge  of  upper  mandible 

visible  from  outside  for  greater  portion  of 

the  tnmium  ;  the  latter  £cidedly  sinuated 

or  concave. 

a'.  Bill  very  stout,  ita  depth  through  base 

equal  to  much  more  than  half  the  length 

of  the  culmen ;  colour  of  adults  white  or 

bluish,  with  primaries  blackish 14.  Chbn,  p.  82. 

b'.  Bill  weaker  and  more  depressed,  its  depth 
through  base  less  than  naif  the  length  of 
the  culmen ;  colour  of  the  adult  never 
entirely  white. 

a".  Bill  not  longer  than  the  head 15.  Ansbr,  p.  88. 

b".  Bill  longer  than  the  head  and  flattened 

towards  the  tip    16.  Ctgnopsis,  p.  107. 

b.  Serrations  on  edge  of  upper  mandible  visible 
only  near  angle  of  mouth  ;  the  tomium 

very  slightly  or  not  at  all  sinuated 17.  Phtlactb,  p.  109. 

e.  Serrations  of  upper  mandiUe  not  visible  from 
outside;  the  tomium  almost  straight ;  bill 
moderate,  but  strong. 

d.  Webs  of  the  feet  not  deeply  excised    18.  Bkar^  ^ 

d.  Weba  of  the  feet  deeply  exdaed 19.  Nmoos 

TOL.  XXTIl. 


Chen,  Bote,  hit,  18-2-J,  p.  563 C.  hypetboMi 

Chionocheo,  Bchnb.  Av.  S^it.  Nat.  p.  ix  (1802) C.  hjrperborei 

Exauthemops,  Effiot,  B.  A.  Am.  ii.  pi.  xlir.  (pt.  ix., 

1868) C.  roafli. 

Range.  Arctic  lUgioDB  of  Korthem  Hemisphere. 

Ke\/  to  the  Sptcia. 

a.  Bill   veiy    rubiiet.    the  cammiasuie   TCidelj 

gajoog'  and  cr.clnBJng  a  broad  blockijih 
(pace,  extending  from  the  comer  of  the 
mouth  Dearly  to  the  tip  of  the  bill ; 
featberinf^  at  tie  be?e  of  the  upper  man- 
dible, aluD^  eni.'h  side,  having  a  verf 
convex  outline;  culnien  r96  mchea,  or 
more  [Chen). 
a'.  Plumage  chiefly  gtcjisb  brown ;  tbe 
rump  (uBuallj,)  and wing-coverta bluish 

grey  caiiileteent,  p.  83. 

6'.  Flunisjre  of  adult  entirely  -white,  except 

primaries  and  their  coverts,  nhicb  are 

grey  ;  voung  greyish  white,  the  upper 

parts  tipped  with  dusky  greyish. 

«".    Lengtn   abiiut    23-^8    inched,    wing 

14'50-50,  culmen     l'95-2-30,    tarsus 

3eO-360 kt/perborm;  p.  U. 

y.  Length  about  30-S8inches,  wing  ir'35- 
17-60,  cuInien  2-65-2-rO,  tarsus  815- 
8-60   nieaUt,  p.  86. 

b.  Biltcomparatively  weak  I  thecommisaurenot 

gaping  and  Dot  enclosing  a  distinct  blackish 


14.   CHEST.  83 

(1863) ;  Schleg,  Mus.  P.-B.,  Anseres,  p.  108  (1806) ;  Bryant,  Pr. 
Boat  Soc,  N.  H.  xi.  p.  70  (Inagua)  (1866) ;  Lawr,  Ann,  Lye, 
N,  F.  viii.  p.  i>95  (1866);  C<me8,  Key,  p.  282  (1872);  id.  Check- 
list, n.  479  (1873) ;  Mat,  8f  Salv,  N<ymencL  Av,  Neotrop,  p.  128, 
n.  2  (1883) ;  JRidgw,  Ann,  Lye.  N,  V.  x.  p.  388  (Illinois)  (1874) ; 
Couesy  B.  N.'West,  p.  553  (1874);  Nelson,  Nutt  Om.  Club, 
1876,  p.  137  ;  Sclat,  ^  Salv,  P.  Z,  S,  1876,  p.  361  ;  Sclat. 
P.  Z.  S,  1880,  p.  601 ;  Salv,  Cat,  B.  Strickl.  CoU,  p.  259,  n.  2672 
(1882). 

Anser  hyperboreu8,  juv.,  WUs.  Am,  Om.  viii.  p.  89,  pi.  469.  f.  5 
(1814) ;  Steph.  Gtm,  Zool.  xii.  2,  p.  33  (1824) ;  Less.  Tr.  (TOm. 
p.  628  (part.)  (1831) ;  G.  It.  Gr.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  607,  n.  7  (part.) 
(1844) ;  Bjchnh.  Syti.  Ar.,  Natatores,  t.  97.  f.  226  (media)  (1846) ; 
Baird,  B.  N.  Am.  p.  760  (part.)  (18^>8) ;  Eyt.  St/n.  Anat.  p.  40 
(part.)  (1869) ;  Gieb.  Thes.  Om.  i.  p.  371  (part.)  (1872). 

Anas  hvperborea,  part.,  Temm.  Man.  d^Om.  p.  526  (1816) ;  id.  op. 
cit.  2nd  ed.  ii.  p.  816  (part.)  (1820). 

Anser  hyperboreas,  part.,  JEyt.  M(m.  Anai.^.  92  (1838). 

Chen  hyperborea,  part.,  G.  R.  Gr.  List  B.  Brit.  Mus.  iii.  p.  129, 
specim.  b  (1844) ;  Bp.  Cmipt.  Bend,  xliii.  p.  648,  n.  10  (1856). 

Chen  cflerulescenp,  Gimdl.  Repert.  Fis.-Nat.  i.p.  387  (W^) ;  Elliot, 
B.  N.  Am.  pi.  43  (1869) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Hand-list,  iii.  p.  76,  n.  10671 
(1871) ;  Gundl.  J.  f.  O.  1871,  pp.  292,  294,  1875,  p.  374  (Cuba) ; 
Ridyic.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mus.  iii.  p.  202  (1880) ;  id.  Norn.  N.  Am. 
B.  n.  590  (1881) ;  Coues,  CheckMst,  2nd  rd.  p.  Ill,  n.  694  (1882)  ; 
B.,  B.,  Sr  R.  WaUr-B.  N.  Am.  i.  p.  436  (1884)  ;  Ridgw.  Auk,  i. 
p.  240  (1884);  Coues,  Key  N.  Am.  B.  p.  685  (1884);  Sclat. 
P.  Z.  S.  1884,  p.  476  (Zool.  Gard.,  Alaska) ;  Nehrl.  J.f.  O.  1886, 
p.  146  (Illinois) ;  A.  O.  U.  Code  of  Nomencl.  Sf  Check-list  N. 
Am.  B.  p.  361  (1886) ;  Ridg^c.  Man.  N.  Am.  B.^.Uo  (1887)  ; 
A.  O.  U.  Suppl.  to  Code  of  Norn.  ^  Check-list,  p.  18,  n.  169 
(1889) ;  Hartert,  Kat.  VogeUamml.  p.  226,  n.  3354  (1891). 

Adult.  Head  and  upper  half  of  the  neck  white,  or  mostly  white ; 
lower  neck  and  body  greyish  brown,  the  feathers  bordered  termi- 
nally with  paler  ;  these  pale  edgings,  however,  nearly  obsolete  on 
the  neck,  where  the  tint  is  darker,  inclining  to  plumbeo as-umber, 
which  joins  irregularly  against  the  white  above  it ;  rump  and  wings 
plain  pearl-grey  or  bluish  cinereous  (the  former  sometimes  white), 
in  striking  contrast  to  the  deep  greyish  brown  of  the  scapulars,  sides, 
&c.,  that  of  the  rump  fading  into  white  on  the  upper  tail-coverts, 
and  that  of  the  greater  coverts  edged  externally  with  the  same ; 
primaries  black,  fading  basally  into  hoary  grey ;  secondaries  deep 
black,  narrowly  skirted  with  white ;  tail  deep  cinereous,  the  feathers 
distinctly  bordered  with  white:  bill  reddish,  the  commissural 
space  black ;  feet  reddish.  Total  length  about  30  inches,  wing 
15-17,  culmen  2- 10-2-30,  tarsus  3-3-30. 

Toung.  Nqitj  similar  to  the  adult,  but  the  chin  only  white,  the 
colour  of  the  head  and  neck  being  uniform  plumbeous-umber,  or 
brownish  plumbeous,  like  the'  breast,  only  darker  in  shade ;  body 
more  cinereous  than  in  the  adult,  the  pale  tips  to  the  nearly  trun- 
cated contour-feathers  being  obsolete ;  rump,  wings,  and  tail  as  in 
the  adult :  bill  and  feet  blackish. 

Hah.  Interior  of  North  America  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains, 

o2 


84  iiriTiDjt. 

breeding  on  the  eastern  ehoree  of  Hudson's  Bay ;  migrating  south 
in  winter,  through  the  Missiseippi  Valley  to  the  Gulf  Oosst;  occa- 
sional on  Atlantic  coast  {Ridgway),  in  Bahama  (Bryant),  and  Cuba 
(Oandla^). 

a.  Ad.  St.  N.  America. 

b.  Ad.  ek.  N.  America.  H.  J.  Elwee,  £m. 

[P.]. 
e.  Jnv.  St.  Repulse    Bay,    N.    Hudson's      Dr.  Rae  [P.]. 

d.  S  ad.  sk.  Corpus    Chriati,  Texso,  Oct.      SalTin-Qodmui  Coll. 

(F.  B.  Armitrimg). 

2.  Chen  hyperborens. 
F  Anset  grandinis,  Schwem-k,  An.  Sit.  p.  213  (Sileua). 
t  ADser  niveuB,  Jiriu.  Om.  ri.  p.  288  (1760)  (m  SeAwtnck). 
Anser  hyperboreus.  Pall.  Spie.  Zoo!,  vi.  p.  25  (17U7);ii'.  Zoogr. 
IUm>-A.  ii.  p.  227,  t.  66  (1811)  (pyn.  emend.);  VieiU.  .V.  D. 


niii.  p.  3U8  (part.)  (IStS)  \  SUph.  Gen.  Zool.  xii.  2,  p.  33  (part.) 

""""      "^m.  Diet.  Sc.  yat.  isit.  p.  467  (part.)  (1825) ;   Trmm. 

p.   516   (Japan)   {1(M0}  ,    K.   ^   B.    Wirbelli.    Eur. 


pp.  Lcixiii,  223  (part.)  1 1840)  ;  P  Aaitm.  Vog.  Deuttchl.  xi.  p  213 
(part.),  pi.  381  (1842);  Schleg.  Sen.  Crit.  p.  cis  (1844):  G.  H. 
Gr.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  607,  d.  7  (part.)  (1844)  ;  P  o.  rf.  jtfuAi,  BnVr. 
Om.  GrieehenL  p.  119  (Greece!)  (18«) ;  JicAnb.  Syn.  Av..  Nata- 
tcres,  t.  97.  ff.  224-25  (1845);  Harll.  Wifgrn.  AtiA.  1852,  i. 
p.  122  (1852) ;  Wallenqr.  A'aumannia,  1857,  p.  268 ;  P  Cab.  J./.  O. 
1867.  p.  226  (Cuba) ;  Newb.  P.  S.  R.  Srp.  tI.  p.  101  (California) ; 
(1867);  Jai.'d,  £.  JV.  ^n».  p.  7eO(part.)(1858);  id.  Cat.  N.Am. 
B.  n.  663  (part.)  (1869) ;  Htfrm.  P.  X.  R.  Bep.  x.  p.  69  (1859) ; 
Coop.  ^  Suckl.  If.  H.  Wa»h.  Terr.  p.  240  (1800) ;  Bow,  Canad. 
Naiur.  vii.  p,  IM  {Macktii/i"  U.)  (^m■2^;  Ul  y»i.  HUl.  Hf,-.  (-2) 
ii.  p,  aiQ  (1802);  Blakifl.   Ihir.   1803,  p.   130;  !i>riah.   P.  Z.   : 


Anu  hvperboren,  (rm.  ti.  A',  i,   2,   p.  601,  a.  54   (part?)  (.17''8) ; 

!■  LaiA.  Jnd.  On.  ii.  p.  837,  n.  U  (part.)  (J790) ;  tWOi.  Am.  On>. 

viii.  p.  70, pL  t».  r.6  (1814);  Temm.  Man.  p.  /.25  (1815);   Temnt. 

.Vn.  2nd  M.  IJ.   p.  810  (1820) ;  Bp.  Sprfeh.   Comp.  p.  70,  n.  2(3 

(IBJB);  Rick.  Ap,..  Parrv''  "i^l  Tay.  p.»05. 
Ckw  hTpwhoTM.  //oie,  iiw,  1822,  p.  StW,  18*1,  p,  081  ;  (?.  Jt  f.V. 

tof  &«i.  tf.  p.  73  (1840) :  ftp.  Cat.  Met.  Uet.  Eur.  p.  CO,  a.  417 

(lM2)j  O.n.Qr.LutB.  Brit.  Miu.\n.v.  12B,  Bp«im.a  (1814) ; 

At.  Coa^.  Henrf.  xKjvii.  p.  6iH   (CiJifornU)   (18.53)  i  trf.   CnW. 

JMaltr<,v.  93  (1854) ;  i>f.  r>>Mi.(.  Send,  iliii,  p.  648,  n.  10  Own.) 

(leMf;   TurHrr.   C'mtr.  N.  H.  a/ Aliuka,  p.  i:»(188fl);  Town,. 

Pr.    tr.S.  AV.   Miu.   X.  p.   1»6  (Sei-nuni-nlo  Vslley.  CBlifornia} 

(18871 ;  Xeb.  N.  Jl.  Cull,  in  Alafka,  p.  82  (1887)  [  f  Macfarl.  Pr. 

U.S.  A*.  Mtu.  liv.  p.  42:)  (1801) ;  Hatch,  B.  o/  Mutnei.  p.  73 

,i«oa). 

Chen  Ijypt-rlioreus  Bp.  Cimp.  lit/,  p.  5Ji  (1838);  Oour,  B.Jani. 
u.  40n  (1847)  ;  OnniU.  J./.  0.  1867,  p.  226,  1801.  p.  344,  lfl02, 
11.01;  AlbrrcAl.  J./.  0.  18fi3,  p.  206  (Jwnaiwi) :  Blat.  List  B. 
Bw.  p.  20  (1862)  :  Guiidl  Itep.  Fi:-Nat.  i.  p.  367  (186ii)  ;  Drffl. 
4-  Ofrbr.  Orn.  Eur.  H.  p.  4*3  (18«7) :  Tacz.  J./.  O.  1873.  p.  108 
(R.  Siberia)  ;  Cown,  B.  A'.-  Weiif.  p.  ^48  (pitrt.)  ( 1874) ;  P  Giu'dL 
J./.  O.  1874,  p.  SU  (I'ono  Uico  h  :  fiandt.  J.  f.  0.  187fi.  p.  371 
(Cab«>;  tf.J./ 0.1878,  pp.  162,  190  (Portii  RicoP);  B.,B.,^R. 
Waltr^B.  y.  Am.  I  p.  4^  (pwt.)  (1864);  SamtJ.  Tarrrlfi  Br. 
B.  iT.  p.  275  (part)  (1884-86)  \  Ji^hrl.  J.  f.  0.  188S.  p.  146 
(niinois);  MaluAit  ^  ^m.  J.f.  0.  1886,  p.  103;  St^n.  Bull 
P.S.  Xat.  Mum.  ».  n.  29,  p.  S17((8*il  ;  id.  Pr.  U.S.  yat.  Mnt.  x. 
|i.136(KeringI.)  (1887);  ColUtt,  Orn.  Jahrh.  \.  v.  137  (Iforwav) 
(1800). 


Aiii*er  hypfrbi>n-u,  part.,  Evt.  Man.  Anal.  p.  02  (1838). 
Chmmtclim  hnierboreiis,  Seknh.  Ao.  Syii.  Nat.  p.  ix  (IS 

Mtth.  rnit.  Ao.  iltup.  Tent.  ^.  146  (1873). 
(,'hiu)alr>pcx  hvperhi '■-**     *^ 


>2);  Sund. 


, r  --       -  •   "'■*'■   iVonwror/.   Ao.   p.    101    (Meiicol 

(18A4|;   C.  7..  Biehm.Naunumnia.  1865,  n.  207,  1867.  p.  367. 

AoMr  alWuH,  Ou>.  I'r.  Ac.  PhUad.  I860. p.  41  (W. and  N,  America) ; 
Bp.  CoHtpt.  Smd.  xliii.  p.  1024  (1860)  ;  Ca»».  U.S.  Erpl.  Erped., 
Mamm.1^  Ont.  p.  33^  (1868);  Butt,  Canad.  A'atur.  (2)  ii.  p.  S86 
iMackt^nwf  It.)  (1802);  id.  Nat.  Bitl.  Bub.  vH.  p.  286  {1802); 
Bbilatl.  Ibi>.  1863,  p.  130 ;  Tumb.  B.  K  Pa.  1809.  p.  45 ;  A.  Nrat. 
P.  X.  S.  1871,  p.  fi8  (em)  ;  Sawtd.  P.  Z.  S.  1872,  p.  6I0(lrvUDd) ; 
llartiag.  Brit.  B.  p.  156  (1872)  ;  Blakitt.  ^  Prvfrr,  Ihit,  1878, 
p.  21.H  (Tnkio  Bav):  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  501  ;  BidffW.  Pr. 
BivJ.fl'^.  '(',kA,  1884.  p.  107(  =  bvp«rbon»uB, /W/.). 

Clwn  h1Wu«.  Eili.'t,  .Vne^-  Pb/^.'A  A',  ^m.  ii.  pL  42  (1807) :  O. 
R.  Gr.  llu,id-tft.  iii.  p.  75,  n.  10572  (1871);  Dreu.  B.  Eur.  vi. 
p.  409.  pi.  417.  f.  2  (pt.  x\x.,  18731 ;  Roiet.  Orn.  Misc.  ii.  p.  03 
pi.  xKii,  (1878);  fl.  0.  tT.  Zwi  Br. /f.p.  117  (1883)  ;  fient.  Diet. 
<,/  B.  p.  .'574  (pi,  ii..  18931. 

Anivr  lijtiArbi)raiu>,  var.  albalua,  Coagi,  Ka/  A'.  Ant.  B.  p.  282, 
n.  480o  (1872) ;  id.  Chfck-fiAt.  n.  480a  (1873). 

Aiuer  hvperborrun  A.  olbatiu.  C-met,  B.  N.-Weit.  p.  MS  (1874). 

Chen  hjperboreua  albalua,  Bidgw.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mug.  1880,  p.  202, 
B.  SO]  <i ;  id.  A'oifl.  A*.  Ato.  B.  a.  591  a  (1681) ;  Couet,  Ckeck-iiMl 
ff.  Am.  S.  2Ttd  ed.  p.  Ill,  n.  608  a*?2) ;  frf.  Kfv  A'.  Am.  B. 
lltd  vd.   p.  (18(1    (18841  ;  Murd.   Ezped.   Ui    Pvint    Barrow,  p.  116 

(AlaiVai  (1886) 


Adm  hyperboreiu.  "  PalL,"  Ridgw.  Pr.  Biol.  Soe.  Wash.  ii.  p.  107 
(1884). 

Adah.  Unifonn  pure  white,  the  head  often  etained  with  nutj ; 
primaries  black,  becoming  grejish  basaUf,  their  covejta  and  the 
alula  ash-grey  :  bill  purplish  red,  the  nail  whitish,  aad  the  inter- 
tomiel  space  black ;  iris  dark  brown  ;  eyelids  whitish  ;  feet  purple- 
or  orange-red,  the  soles  dingy  yellow.  Total  length  about  23-28 
inches,  wing  14  5-17,  tail  6-30,  culmen  1-95-2-3,  tarsus  2'8-3-25. 

Young.  Head,  neck,  and  upper  parts  pale  greyish ;  the  head 
more  or  less  tinged  with  rusty,  this  deepest  anteriorly  ;  the  feathers 
of  the  upper  parts  with  whitish  edges,  and  (especially  wing-coverts 
and  tertials)  striped  medially  with  darker ;  rump,  upper  tail-ooTOrts, 
tail,  and  lower  parts  plain  white :  bill  blackish ;  feet  plumbeous ; 
irides  brown. 

Sab.  North-eastern  Asia  and  Western  North  America ;  breeding 
in  Alaska,  migrating  south  in  winter  to  Japan  in  Asia,  and  in  Ame- 
rica to  Southern  California  and  the  Mississippi  Valley ;  accidental 
in  Northern  Europe. 

«,  6.  Ad.  et  jiiT.    Yokofanma,  Oct.  (H*.  Ptyer).     Seebofam  ColL 

sk. 
e.  Ad.  sk.  Tokio  Bay, Yokohama,  Japan,     Capt  Blakiaten  [P.]. 

d.  Ad.  ak.  W.  side  Rocky  Mts.  J.  K.  Lord,  Esq.rP.J. 

^.   ^2  '^-  et    Corpus  Christi,  Texas,  Oct.,    Salviu-Godman  Collt 
5  juT.  sk.  Not.,  Dec.  (F.  B.  Arm^ 

ttrong). 
m.  Jnv.  ak.  Chicajfo,    Illinois,   Oct.  {E.    SalTiu-Godmiui  Coll. 

W.  KtUon). 


87 


»'*«»(.    Ohiu  Agr.   Rep.   o.  236   (ISdO);  Com.   Pr-  Ac.  Philad. 

18C1,  p.  72  J  Stinh.  Ibti,  1861,  n.  12  iGreenland) ;  Boardm.  Pr. 

BaU.  Sac.  ix.  p.  130  (Miuae)  (1H621  ;  fJioa,  Canad.  A'ataral.  (2) 

iLp.  151(lSe2);  fid.  Nid.  Hint.  Sen.  vii.  p.  3«  {18«2)  ;   ferr. 

iV.  £t!.  /n«f.  iii.  p.  159  (Mftine)  (1663);   BlakiU.  IbU.  1863, 

p.  139  (Brit.  N.  Ani.) ;  Brer.  B.  Eur.  iv.  p.  126, jil.  —  (1803) ; 

AUen,Pr.  Ea.  in«(.iv.  p.87(l8^)  :  Sehleg.  .Uiu.  P.-B..  Anserea. 

p.  107  (p«rt.,  Labrador)  (lasfl)  j  AfciZim-.  JV.  Ji».  Intt.  v.  p.  M 

(CklMdA,  West)  1.1866)1  PC'owm.  iW.  p.  S97  (1^06) ;  £<iu>r,  ..Jnn. 

Iak.  y.  Y.  »iii.  p.  295  11867);  P  Brow».  iiw,  1868,  p.  426 

[VMcouver  I.);  Eyl.  Syn.  Anal.  p.  40  (1869) ;  Gieb.  THvi.  Orit. 

i  p.  871   (part.)  (1872);  Santtd.  P.  Z-  S.  1873,  p.  630;  Sdat. 

P.  Z.  If.  \m,  p.  601   (part,) ;   Triitr.  Cat.  OaU.  B.  p.  51  (Hudaon 

BajHISSlH;  Sie6k.  B.Jap.  Ev%p.p.riS(mn.)[U9t);  ?  .Vat^arl. 

Pr.  UJi.  Xal.  Miu.xiv.ji.  ASS  limi). 
?  Tadonii  nivM,  )iart.,  BreAm,  I»U,  1830,  p.  tlW ;  id.  Handb.  Viig. 

DkuIk-U.  o.  8C4  (put.)  (Ii^*ll). 
Auger  hvpirWeu,  parL,  Ei/t.  Mim.  Anaf.  p.  01  (IHSS). 
Chen  bj-perborous,  G.  R.  Gr.  Hand-liU.  iii.  p.  7o.  n.  10570  (mcI. 

•vn.)  (^1871);  C<mfi.B.  .V.-(r«i,p.  549  (pwl.)  (IS74) ;  B.,B.,^ 

R.    H'atfT-B.  N.  Am.  i.  p.  439  (pitrl.)  (|M84ii  Smt.  Diet,  of  B. 

p.  374  (pt.  ii.,  1893). 
Chtn  byperboreUB  nirdis,  Ridgic.  Pr.  Biol.   Soc.    (ToiA.  li,  p.  107 

(I8&i):  B.,B..JtR.  IVater-B.  A.  Am.]i.^.440  (lS8i) :  A.O.U. 

Code  of  Xomenel.  ^  C/uck-ikl,  f.  123,  n.  169o{1886);  ?  Mae/arl. 

Pr.  U.S.  Xal.  Mui.  xW.  p,  4i3  (1801) ;  HarUrt,  Kat.  VogettamnU. 

p.  236,  D.  335.^  (1891). 
Atuer  bjrperhonus  nivnlis,  Seebk.  Hitl.  Br.  B.  iii.  p.  400  (188.5). 
Chen  bvporborwi  nivalis,  Bakie.  Man.  .V.  Am.   b.  p.  115  (1887) ; 

HatA,  B.  o/Minnti.  p.  75  (1892), 

Similar  to  C.  hijiierhorrtu.  but  larger.  Total  lenglli  about  30-38 
inchM,  wing  17'S5-17'50,  tail  650.  culmeii  2-55-2-70.  taraua  315- 
3oO, 

Ur.  Bidgway  gives  as  a  distinctive  cbaract«r  for  this  speti>»  tlie 
DBlmea  2'S3-2-70  ugainat  l'95-2'30  for  C.  hyperboreut ;  the  foui' 
ap«cdiiieD8  mentioned  below  bave  the  culmen  2'30  inches  long,  bo 
that  they  would  come  nnder  0.  ki/perhoreiis,  but  as  they  have  the 
bill  decidedly  larger  than  anj-of  the  birds  mctitioaed  in  the  previona 
liat,  which  certainly  belong  to  C.  hi/perhorruA,  and  as  at  least  the  first 
two,  trom  the  Arctic  Overland  Exptditinn  and  llepulae  Bay,  from 
th*ir  locality  ought  to  belong  to  C.  nivalU,  I  have  kept  all  the  four 
under  this  species.  Bat  I  must  confess  that  it  appears  to  me  that 
Uie  distinction  of  an  Eastern  form  from  a  VTestcru  one  is  not  yet 
Mtubetorily  established. 

Hah.  Eastern  North  America;  breeding-ground  unknown,  but 
psobably  arctic  regions  east  of  Alackeozie  River  ;  United  States 
(Mtiaiaaippi  Valley  to  Atlantic  coast)  only  during  migrations  and  iii 
winter. 


«.  Ail.iL  Arctir  Land  Exp. 

h.  Ad.  rt.  RrpuUci  JtsT,  N.  Hudan 

t.  Ad.ak.  Vancouver  Is. 

d.  Ad.«k.  St.  Juan  de  Fues,  Vanci 


Bay. 


Capt.  Itack  [P.]. 
Dr.  ilae  [P.j. 
Salrin-Q  adman  CoU, 


4.  Chen  Toui. 
UOToed  Wawey  of  Utunte,  Juurn.   io    the   Sorth    Ocean,  p.   -142 

(1796). 
Ansar  roasi,   Baird,  MS. ;   Com.  iV.  ,4r.  PAtfad.  1801,  p.  73;  Rov, 

Canad.  Nat.  rii.  p.  151  {186i) ;  id.  Nat.  Bid.  lite.  (-1)  ii.  p.  266 

(Mackeoaie  Rirer)  (1862);    BMeitt.   Ibi$,  1863,  p.   I3U;  Schttg. 

Mia.  P.-S.,  AnsereB,  p.  108  (1806) ;  Eyt.  Syn.  Aaat.  p.  40  (18(19) ; 

Gieb.   Thtt.   Om.  i,  p.  373  (18721;   Cokm,  Jfey,  1872,  p.  2Ba;  <"rf. 

CA«cA-^(,n.481  (1873);  uf. B.A^.-»'M(,n. 553(1874); -4 W™,fiKtf. 

Nutt.  Om.  Club.  i.  p.  52  (1878) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  601. 
Exanthemops  rossii,  Miot,  lU.  Am.  B.  i».  pi.  44  (1869) ;  G.  JR.  Gr. 

Hmid-li»l,m.  p.  76,  a.  10573  (1871);  Heinf  ^  RchnK.Kem.  Mur. 

Jfein.  Om.  p,  341  (1890). 

,  J^lVyu^  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Miu.  1880,  p.  203 ;  id.   Norn.  N. 


Key  lo  X.  Am.  B.  p.  686,  n.  697  (1884);  A.  O.  U.  Code  of 
Xomencl.  4-  Cheek-liit,  p.  126,  d.  170  (1886);  Hidgic.  Mm.  N. 
Am.  B.  p.  115  (1887)  j  Mai^url.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat-  Mui.  xiv.  p.  423 
(1891). 

Adalt.  Colonra  ezBCtly  us  in  C.  kyperboreus.  Entirely  snowy 
whit«,  the  jirimariM  black,  fading  into  hoary  nah  basally  ;  bastard- 
wing  BDd  primarj-coverta  hoarj-  aah  :  bill  with  the  basal  portion  of 
upper  mandible  often  wrinkled  and  warty  ;  colour  of  the  bill  dull 
reddiah,  the  tip  white  ;  feet  dull  reddish.  Total  length  20-26  inches, 
wing  13-75-15-5U,  tail  5,  culmea  l-50-l'70,  tareus  i-30-3. 

To»ag.  'Wliit«,  tinged  with  greyish,  the  centree  of  tho  feathers 

of  the  upper  parts  deeper  greyish  ;  bill  and  feet  dusky. 

-  HtA.  Interior  of  Arctic  America  in  snmmer,  migrating  south  in 
winter  to  Southern  California,  and  eastward  to  Uontana. 


.  Ad.  St. 


Oalifomia. 


Purchased. 


15.    .SSKB. 

*■.  Kuinp  dart  {nvrub  brown. 

A"*.  WhJU^  111]  thi*  tbrsheiui  mil  rune liiii|r 
A  Uiw  Wtwepii  tile  H_>BS. 
ft*.  Snuller  :    total    l?n^b   kboul   27 

inches,  culmen  \-9 atbtfrons,  p.  03. 

e*.  Uuver:     total   leagtb     ubout    30 

incliM,  ciilmet)  2'8 gambtli,  p.  DC 

e".  White  on  tbe  furehead  reaching  a 
tine  bi<tveeti  the  eves  on  tbe  top  uf 
th«   hvad :    lotnl   Ictigth   about   21 

inchiM,  culinen  1-27      ....    ...     frj/lArapim,  p.  97. 

k  Nail  of  Ihi-  bill  Jn-hr  or  bl*;k  ;  iio  dark 
browiT   bknd  well-dt-tiiteil    i>Q   the   hind 

!■'.  Ad  onuige  band  round  the  median  pnrt 
of  tbe  beak :  feet  orau^'e. 
r".  Smaller :  culmen  3'0  inchea  /ahalit,  p.  90. 

tt".  I.iarsBT :  culmen  ^-4-S'4  inches  ....     terriro$tri$,  p.  101. 
>f.  \  pint  band  round  the  median  part 

i-f  the  beak  ;  feet  pink  fleeh-coloui  . .  liraeiyrMjfarhu,  p.  1< 
B.  Tomia  not  Terr  arched,  almost  straight ; 
indentations  of  upper  mandible  scarci^lv 
ttpoueMlEuiabria);  durkbronm  b«nd  welf- 
delined  aloo^  tha  bind  neck  ;  head  whiUi, 
with  two  black  cresueDtic  bands  on  the  ■ic- 
Hpnland  DA)>e iiiJinw,  p.  106. 

I .  Anser  feroa. 
nrev  iaq  Ouow. 

.\nj»r  dome«ticu»,  BHm.  Orn.  \'\.p.  262  (1780)  (ar  Getter). 
Anas  atuvr  (ferae),  SHinn.  Orn.  Bor.  p.  13,  n.  M  (1T64). 
.\imB  awer,  Linn.  S.  Jf.  i.  p,  107,  n.  B  (a  It  fl)  (17eB)  ;(?«.&  JV. 

i.  3,  p.  SIO.  n.  0  (1788);  Lath.  ImL  Om.  ii.  p.  Ml,  d.  26  (1790) ; 

B^  SfKrhio  Comp.  p.  70,  a.  216  (1837). 
Oct  WMtlietana,  Oertni,  Stor.  degli  Pre.  v.  tav.  55»  (1776). 
Ifm,  Buf.  nut.  Sal.  Ois.  ix.  p.  30,  pi.  2  (1783). 
Orcy  Um-goow,  P^n».  Arrt.  Zool.  li.  p.  54(J,  n.  473(1785);  Lath. 

^.  iii.  2,  p.  45(1.  n.  21  (I7S5). 
Aiuer  ferii*,  *Anejf  Mut.  Om.p.  67,  n,  214  (178fi). 
Anas  ansei  fenu,   BeeJkii.  On.  Ta»clien6.  ii.  p.  416,  with  pi.  (1803) ; 

Trmm.  Man.  d'Om.  p.  526  (I»16) ;  id.  op.  at.  2nd  ed.  ii.  p.  618 

(IffflO);    Wemrr,  Aliit.  PalmipMM,  pL  29  (IS—?);  Lea.   Tr. 

JfOm.  p.  628(1831). 
AufW  doereus,  JUewr  (nef  Bonn.),    TaxAenb.  ii.   p.   652   (ISIO); 

VitiU.   JV.   D.  xxiii,   p.  313  (1818);  Jjim.   Diet.  Se.  ifat.  ixxv. 

p.  458  (1825) ;  Jtaux.  Orn.  IVov.  pis.  368. 369  (1826) ;   Cuv.  Jtiyn. 

An.  2Dd  ed,  i.  p.  608  (1820) ;  Siin.  Orn.  Tote.  iii.  p.  178  (1831) ; 

Brthm,   Vfig.  Detatekl  p.  8:16  (18-11);  Bp.  Come.  Lid.  p.  36, 

D.  39S  (Ifi38)f   liartl.   P.  Z.  S.   Ift39,  p,   2  ;  ff.  ^  B,  JT.rWtt. 

J5w.  pp.  Ixxsiii,   224  (1840);  Sp.   Cat.   Mel.    Uee-  Eur.  p.  70, 

m.  423  (11^2) ;  Ifmm.  Veg.  DeuUcU.  xi.  ji.  329,  Taf.  286  (1843) ; 

SMeg.   Set.   Crit.    p.   cii  (1844);  Behnb.   Syn.  An.,  Natatores, 

L  108.  a:  956-57  (1845) ;  Kjarb.   Danm.  Fugte,  p.  367,  Taf.  44 

(1862) ;  &An£.  Av.  &/it.  IVat.  p.  ii  (1862) ;  Lietit-  Nomenel.  Av. 

p.  100(1854);   n'ailrnffr.  A'amnanNtn,  18-SJ,  p.  367  (Scandinavia) ; 

Sf/yi,  S'aumaimia,  1866.  p.  202;  Sp.  Compt.  Rend,  uliii.  p.  648, 

a  16  (1856)  ;  SeAlfg.  I'og.  Nedrrl.  pi.  376  (1861) ;  Kordm.  J  f.  O. 


1 W4,  p.  »:» (^i'  inlfind )  i  SeMeff.  Mut.  F.-B.,  Ansereii,  p.  I W  (1800) ; 

FriuA,  Vdg.  Eur.  p.  40t!,  Taf.  4.  ff.  3,  7  (1870) ;  Malmgr.  J.f.  O. 

1870,  pp.  287,  288  {f^nkndl  ;    G.  R.   Or.  Hand-liH,  iiL   p.  74, 

n.  lOMl    (1871)!  Oieb.    Thes.  Om.  i.  p.   370  (1872)  ;  Sund.  8ti. 

Fogl.  pi.  60.  f.  2  (1872)  1  id.  Meth.  not.  Av.  ditp.   Tent.  p.  145 

(1872);  AlU.^  Brawn,  Ibit,   1873,  p.   70  (Archangel);  Fm$A, 

Ibis,   1877.  p.  m  (Obdorek)  ;  Dreu.  B.  of  Eur.  vi.  p.  356,  pi,  41 

(pts.   71,   72,1878);  FinA,  Verk.  z.-b.   Get.  Wien,  1879,  p.  268 

(W.  Silwria)  ;  Hume  4"  Marth.  Gavu  Birds,  iii.  pi.  7  (1880) ; 

Sciat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  499 ;  B.  0.  U.  Li»t  Brit.  B.  p.  115  (1883) ; 

SrM.   Li»t    Vert.  An.  8tli   ed.   p.  417,  n.  947  (1883);    GaeOtr, 

J.f.  O.   1883,  p.  81   (Ileliiruland);  Sadde,  Omit  Caucat.  p.  44o 

(1884):  Sound.    YarrelCt  Br.   B.  iv.  p.   253  (1884-85);  Seebh. 

Hist.  Bril.  B.  iii.  p.  600  (1885)  ;   Tristr.   Cat.   CoU.  B.  p.  291 

(1889);  Mfver,  Abbild.  roye/-Sb>/.  pl.cxvii  (1889) ;  SharjM<,Cal. 

Oifeol.  Spec.  Colt.  Surg.  iii.  pp.  291,  29:i  (1891) ;  Kolamb.  Olasnik. 

yaravoJ.  Dria.  vi.  p.  1G8  fl^l). 
Aneer  vulgaria,  PaU.  Zoogr.  Romo-A».  n.  p.  222  (psrt.)  (1811). 
F.^n.^ei-madius,  '' Temm."   Meyer,   Tatchenb.  Zut.  u.   Ber.  p.  S31 

(1822). 
Anser  feruB,  Stiyh.  Gen.  Zool.  iii.  2,  p.  28,  pi.  41  (1824) ;  Gouid,  B. 

Eur.  pi.  347   (18.17)  ;  Ei/t.  Man.  Anat  p.  93  (1&'18)  ;  G.  R.  Or. 

IM  Gen.  B.  p.   73   (1840) ;    id.  Lid   B.   Brit.  Mut.  iii.  p.  128 

(1844);  id.   Oen.  B.  iii.  p.  607,  n.   1   (1844)  ;  Hartl.  Sust.  Venc. 

Get.  Mui.   p.   117   (1844);  Strickl.  An«.   ^  Mag.  N.  B.  (3)  iii. 

pp.   122.   124   (1859);  G.   R.   Or.   Cat.  Bril.  B.  p.  186(1863); 

?Boie,J.f.O.  186.S,  p.  61;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S  1869,  p.  629;  ^jrf.SJm. 

Anat.  p.  42  (1660)  ;  Elv>.  ^  Suckl.  Ibis,  1670,  p.  339  (MBcedonk)  ; 

A.  Newt  Pr.  Ac.  Philad.  1871,  p.  96 ;  Gould,  B.  Great  BrU.  v. 

pi.   1   (pt.   iiiv.,  1873) ;  Rc/mm.    Vdg.  Zool.  Gdrt.  p.  67  (1882) ; 

Relinw.  J.  f.   0.   1890,  p.   81     Dub.  Faun.   Vert.   Belg.,  Ois.  ii. 

p,  393  (1891) ;  Peart.  ^  Bidw.  Ibit,  1894,  p.  232  (N.  Norw«y). 
Adm  cinerea,  Ranx.  El.  di  Zool.  iii.  9,  p.  87  (1626). 
Anser  pnlustria,  Firm.  Brit.  An.  p.  126  (lfi:;8). 
Anaer  iiTlveatri».  Brehm  (nee  Briit.),  Iiit.  1830.  p.  996  (descr.  pulla) ; 


15.  »ssKa.  91 

I  white  :  l)ill  piuk  fiesli-culuur,  wilL  the  horny 
]rowQ  ;  leg*.  U>es,  imd  membraneB  tluU  deah- 
rolour  ;  cLiwB  black.  Total  length  32  inchea,  wing  17'5,  tuil  5'5, 
bill  2-fi5,  tarsua  2-8. 

Femalt.  Similar  to  the  male,  hot  smaller.  Total  leogth  30  inches, 
wing  ifl. 

Votiay.  Darker  thftn  the  adult  and  with  no  black  spots  on  the 
breaxt  and  abdomen  ;  they  are  easily  distinguished  by  the  grey 
colour  of  the  shoulders  and  ninip.  and  Heiih -colour  of  the  bill  and  legs. 

Ualt.  Western  Paltearctic  region. 


n.  Ad.  ak. 

Gr^at  Hritaiu. 

A.  Ad.  at. 

finat  Britain. 

Purchased. 

f.  Ad.  «. 

Itlaekwsl«r  It,,  Etaex. 

F.  Bond,  E«.  [P.]. 
Seebohm  C<Jl. 

y.  Kll.  sk. 

Ttomm,  Norway,  June. 

Bud6,  Norway. 

SalviQ-Gwiman  Coll 

,  p.  222  (1811)! 


A-  Skeleton. 

I.  Skalclon  (Douiwlie  variety). 

i-y.  Skulb  (l>ome«tie  variety). 

r,  Slrmuni  with  ibQulder^inlle  (Doinesdc  variety) 

2.  Amer  rnbrirostru. 

.».\ii*er  mltrarii,   part..   l^U.  Zooyr.  Rotto-Ai.   i 

iiroHdt,  J./,  o.  \mi.  p.  -jm. 

AiM«  aryUiropua,  part,,  (i.  H.  Cir.  Luf  It.  Bril,  .tf«».  iii.  p.  130, 

■ppcim.  e./  (India  I  ( 1S14). 
Anaer  rabrirostris,  Uudg:   lean.   Innt,  in   Mm.   Brit.   pi.  S79;  id. 

Oria't  Zoot,  M<K.  p,  m.  no,  57y  (!l<14l :  O.  Jt.  Gr.  Cat.  Hodgi. 

Coli.   B.  M.  p.   144  (IWn);  Tar:.   Bull   Soc.   Zaol.Fr.ii.  p,  41 

(18771. 
Anwr   ferus,  Adamt  {»«  nuel.),   P.  X.  S.    ler.g,  p.   189  (Udakh, 

bMediug)  :  tivM.   Iliii.   \m\.  p.  »t4,   lm2.  p  :>r>4  ;  ■'(/.  P.  Z.  H. 

18«a,p.  323,  1870,  p.  4^. 
Aaaer  cinereui,  lil^lh  {nee  Mry*r).  Cat.  S.  Mut.  A.  S.  B.  p.  300, 

1. 1776  tlndii^) (^ismy;  Sehrenck.Vdv.  AmurLT..mnl6aO};  kndde. 

«eM.  Sibir.   p.  358  (Monsolia)  <18US);  G.  Jt.  Gr.   Cat.  Uod^t. 


CoO.  B.  .V.  and  ed.  p.  "tt,  no.  027  (1*83) ;  Jeni.  B.  of  Ind.  u 
p.  778  (16<U) ;  Blytk,  /W>,  \mi.  p.  174  j  fiy*.  *  Parrar.  /./  O. 
Isae,  p.  ass  (Dnuria):  &wr(i.  Turketl.  JevUn.  p.  70  (1873); 
H%mf,  Sir.  Feall..  \.  p.  258  (Piuijab  and  «n(lh)  (1873) ;  id.  KtaU 
Sf  EgsK  p  tVi  (l«7.')l  ;  /Cu«.  Str.  F,alh.  iv.  p.  26  (ie7«) ;  SaMy. 
aid.  p,  1R7  (Tiirkesinn)  llS7(t) ;  lirru.  Ibit,  1876,  n.  418 :  Damd 
Sf  OuMt.  UU.  CAioe,  p.  491  (1877) ;  Frjeo.  in  Bowl.  Om.  Mite.  iii. 
p.  »  lMo!i|(oli»)  (ISTS);  Uume,  Sir.  FtatA.  yii.  p.  491  (1879), 
viiL  p.  \H.  n.  SMJ^  (I87S)  ;  Stime  j-  Mnr»h.  Oamt-Btrdt,  Hi. 
a.  a6{jwr  pi.  7)  (1880) ;  P Zaroudn.  Oil.  Tran»ea>p.  p.  72  (1885) ; 
Smrtt.  ZnUckr.  f/es.  Om.  1887,  p.  22 ;  PUike.  Btii.  Turkttt.  Om. 
p.  61.  n.  369  (1B8W) ;  lltiine.  Xttli  *  Eggs  \.Oales'  ed.),  iii.  p.  27» 
(l80D)i  S^arpt.  &r.  Fark.  Miu..  Arrt,  p.  I2H  (I8»l);  Pletke, 
Ha.  Bid.  liil.  p.  208,  n.  IBS  (1S92)(  OumI.  A'oub.  AtcA.  Mut. 
(4)  ri.  ^96{18W). 
Anarr  oinxteui,  Tar.  nibriroitris.  SwirJi.  P.  Z.  S.  1871,  p.  416 
(Shanghai) ;    Dyb.  J.  f.  0.  1673,  p.  108.  1674,  p,  336 ;  Pww, 


Mongolie,  ii.  pi).   149,  170,  n.  -im  (1876);  Prjeo.  in  Rncl.   Orn. 

Mill',  iii.  p.  06(1878). 

Anser  cinereun  $.  subdbif rons,  Sevrrtx.  J.f.  0. 1876,  p.  1 84  (Turkestan). 

Anaer  dnereus  rubrirostris,  Seebh.  Hi$t.  Brit.  B.  iii.  p.  001  (1886). 

Similar  to  A.fertu,  but  somowhnt  larger,  especially  the  bill  and 

feet,  and  more  marked  with  black  on  the  underparta ;  bill  of  a 

fleah-colouT,  with  the  base  of  the  upper  mandiblo  bright  red  (Ait^). 

Total    length    about  33   inches,   wing   18,   tail    6--5,  culmen  2-7, 

tarsus  3-2. 

Young  birds  have  the  uoderparta  greyish  white,  with  no  black 
markings. 

Hah.  Siberia,  in  winter  Northern  India  and  S.  China. 


r.  a  ad.  sk. 


t.  Ad.  sk. 

'..  Ad.  sk. 


Sassvk-Alft    Kul,    Turkestan, 

ftfsy. 
KftAffar,  Feb.  (Fortytk). 

India! 

India  (BliftK). 

R,  Jheeliim  below  Sbahpoor, 

Nov.  (A.  O.  H.). 
R.  luduB,  Dec.  {A.  O.  H.). 
Delhi. 

Ourfraon,  Feb.  {W.  H.  Chill). 
Etawab,  Nov.,  Dec.,  Feb. 


Dr.  Ott.)  Fin-wli  [C.]. 

India  Museum  [P.]. 
Purchasod. 
Colonel  Cobb  [C], 


Hume  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 
Hume  Cull. 


Futtehguhr,  Nov.  (A.  Ander-     Seebohm  Coll. 


Kumal,  Feb.  Hume  Coll. 

Dollab.Aasani,  April(J.  Cnct-     Hume  Coll. 


93 

Adm  emhroniie  IToAtt.  (nw  Limt.)  Schrift.  d.  Berl.  Gn.  naCtaf. 

Fr.  Tiii.  pp.  75-01  (1T88). 
Aaaor  tiUttom,  Bonn.  Ene.  Milk.  i.  p.  114  (pftrt.)  (1790) ;  BeOiU. 

Oemem.  Naturg.  Deutifhl.  2iid  ed.  iv.  p.  WSS  (1800) ;  Sleph.  Gen. 

ZooL  xii.  2,  p.  26  (1824);  Dum.   Diet.   Sc.  Nat.  isit.  p.  461 

(lB35);5p.i^)«wAiV.  Cotb/..  p.  70,  11.218  (1827);  Leu.  Tr.d'Om. 

p.  628  (1831)  ;  Savi,  Om.  Tone.  lii.  p,   179  (1831) ;  Minitr.  Cat. 

lUi*.  p.  66  (1832) ;  Gould,  B.  Eur.  pi,  28S  (pt  xii.,  1837) ;  Bp. 

Omp.   List.  p.  6f>.  n.   397  (1838);    Bartt.   /'.  Z.  8.  1639,  p.  3; 

Saum.   Vog.  DevUchl.  jri.  p.  851.  Taf,  28»  (1842) ;  Strkkl.  P.  Z.  S. 

1842,  p.   107  (China);  SiAiy.  Ben.   (frit.  p.  ci  (1844);   Hart!. 

Att  Vtrt.  Get.  Mat.  a.  117  {ISU) ;  Kiarb.  Danm.  Fugle,  pi.  45, 

Smtpt.  pi.  24  (18521 ;  Midd.  Beit.  O.-Sibu:  H  p.  227  (Taimvriand) 

{im):  Sehla,.  r««F.  .V«i<Tr/,  pl8. 280.  281,  282  (1664) :    H-'nlitngr. 

Namminma.  18M.  p.  268  (1854):   Lidtt.   Nummel.  At.  p.    100 

(1854);  Sefyt-L.  Aamnnunia,  1855,  p.  263;  Bp.   Qimpt.  Bend. 

x\ui.  p.  m><.  n.  18  {ISM) -.Adnmt, P.  k.S.  I858,p.60»(Puni«b) ; 

Tay}or,H.iM.  1850. p.  54  (ttopl) :  A.  Nevl.  P. Z.S.  1860, p.  340 j 

FWy*,  thit.  \m\  p.  351 ;   Setn\.  Uin,  18U1,  p,  12  (GrwnlBnd)  ; 

""'■'''  "■     """  ""  ■"   '   ■      "leini.J"-     ■"■■ 


r.  *  p.   Ondman.  Ibii,   16«1, 


)   (fiodn); 


i.Ibit,  18»1, 


p.  344  (N.  China) :  id.  P.  Z.  S.  \mS,  p.  323 ;  lioddt.  Brig.  S.  O.- 
Sihir.  ii.  p.  SG8  (Irtutok)  (l8t«);  Kordm.  J.f.  O.  1864,  p.  87« 
(Finland);  Jerd.  B.  of  Ind.  iii.  p.  780  (Punjab)  (1864)  ;  Degt. 
♦  Gffhe.  Om.  £«.:  ii.  \>.  483  (18(!7)  ;  EIk.  ^  BuekL  Ibtt,  1870, 
p.  339  {Mjicedonin);  Maimer.  J.  f.  O.  1870,  p.  2H2;  David,  K. 
Arch.  Mum.  Bull.  vii.  Cat.  a.  441  (1871);  A.  Neat.  Pr.  Ac. 
Philad.  1S7I.  p.  09;  Smith.  P.  Z.  S.  1871,  p.  416;  SheU.  Ibit. 
I>i;i,  p.  315  (Eirypt) ;  G.  R.  Or.  Uand-li-t,  lii,  p.  74.  n.  10665 
(1871);  Gould,  B.  Great  Brit.  v.  pi.  4  (pt.  lii.,  1871);  Sand. 
Stm^.  fbjrf.  pi.  57,  f.  1  (1672);  SAell.  B.  Egypt,  p.  280  (1872); 
Srrerli.  Turked.  JerolH.  p,  70  (1878) ;  Dyb.  J.f.  O.  1873,  p.  108; 
Palmfn,  AW.  /Von.  (D.  s.)  xi.  pp.  358,  855  (FiuUnd)  <  1876) ;  A. 
ArtPt.  Man.  Nat.  Hint.  Gteenl.  p.  1 13  (1875) ;  Dm».  lUt,  1876, 
p.  418  (Turkestanl ;  Blanf.  EatU  Pert.  ii.  p.  303  (1876) ;  Tara. 
livil.  Soc.  Zool.  Fr.  ii.  p.  42  (1877);  Davids'  Outt.  Oit.  CAine, 
p.  40a  (1877);  DrM.  B.  Eur.  vi.  p.  875,  pi.  414  [pM,  66,  06, 
1878) ;  FintrJi,  Verk.  t-A.  Get.  Wien,  1879.  p.  260  <  W,  Siberia) ; 
Huw,  Str.  ft<rtA.»iii.p.  114,  n.047(187»>;  Hvme  ^  MartA. 
Cow  B.'/hd.  m.  p.  73,  pL  10  (1880);  Sda'.  P.  Z.  S.  1880, 
p.  600:  Frekt,  Zoohgid,  Sept.  IS81,  p.  306:  Ridgw.  Nommd.  N. 
Am.  B.  -a.  693  (1881);  Cow$,Check-liH.  2t)d  ed.  p.  lll.n.  893 
(1882);  Bfknv).  VUg.  loU.  Garl.  p.  66  (1882);  Salv.  Cat.  B. 
Strickl.  Coll.  p.  628,  a.  2570  ( 1 882) ;  B.  O.  U.  List  Br.  fl.  p.  1 1 6 
( 18i«!) ;  SeM.  Lift  Viri.  A  n.  8i;li  ed.  p.  41 8  ( 1883) ;  Seebh.  Ibii, 
1884,  p.  SOU  (C.  Chiim);  G>ue>,  Key  N.  Am.  B.  p.  684.  n.  692 
(On*iil«nil)  (1884) ;  Eadde,  Unii,  Cauea*.  p.  444  (1884) ;  Trittr. 
fjMM.  4-  F/<^.  Paint,  p.  114  (1884) ;  Saund.  Tarreit,  hU.  Br.  B. 
i*.p.2al  (1884-86);  Sethh.  IfHi.  Br.  B.  iii.p.  B06,pl.60  (18BB); 
S^vad.  EL  r/n!./f<>f.p.  262,11.  840(1866):  ■Wr/z.  Zeitaehr. grs. 
Om.  1887.  p.  22 ;  Bid^pe.  Man.  N.  Am.  B.  p.  116  {18871 :  P  6^ 
k  Sahad.  P.  ■£.  8.  1887,  p.  589  (Coma)  ;  P  iid.  Mem.  R.  Ac.  8c. 
Tor.  (S)  iiKix.  p.  140  (1888) ;  LUf.  C«l.  Fig.  Br.  Bird*,  pt.  s. 
pi.  —  (1880) ;  Behme.  J.  f.  0.  1890,  p.  81  ;  DtJi.  Faun.  Vert. 
Bdo.,  Oi*.  ii.  p.  406  (1891)  ;  Kalamh.  GlailiH.  Kararua.  Dria. 
Ti.  p.  IlW  (Ddmntia)  0891).  Sharpe,  See.  Turk.  Miu.,  Ave*. 
p.  128(1891). 

Anw  ..rvthtnpu,,  Firm,   (wr  tmn.l    fin/.  An.  p.  121  (1828) ;    %(. 


Afon.  Aiuit.  p.  00  (part.)  (1838) ;  Bp.  Cat.  Met.  Vie.  -Eur.  p.  60. 
n.  418  (1842J ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Gm.  B.  iii.  p.  607,  n.  3  (part.)  (1844) : 
Bchnb.  Syn.  Av.,  Nstatores,  t.  102.  S.  238~3U  (I84o} ;  G.  Jt.  Gr. 
Cat.  Brit.  B.  p.  187  {1»«3);  ScUtg.  Mtu.  P.-S.,  Aoserei,  p.  110 
(part.)  (1866);  Eyt.  Syn.  Amtt.  p.  38  (part,)  (1869);  F^itidt, 
Vog.  Eur.  p.  404,  t.  46.  f,  0  (1870) ;  Qieb.  Tha.  Om.  i.  p.  S70 
(part.)  (1872);  Hume,  Sir.  FralA.  i.  p.  269  (Jhelum)  (1873); 
SeebA.  IbU,  1884,  p.  269  (juv.)  (Yang-i^e-Kiang). 

Aiuer  medius,  Brulh  {nee  Ma/er),  Im,  1828,  p.  732 ;  fUrrp,  Itit, 
1820,  p.  lOM;  Tfinm.  Mart.  tfOrn.  2iid  od.  i*.  p.  5la(I840); 
Licit.  Xomencl.  Av.  p.  100  (18-t4)  ;  Brehm,  Naumatmia,  1866, 
p.  297  (x=interill<>diun,  yanm.). 

Auser  bruchii,  C.  L.  Brehm,  Itii,  1830,  p.  006  (de?cr.  nulla)  ;  id. 
Vog.  DeutKhl.  p.  841  (18311;  Bp.  Cat.  Met.  Uc<^.Eur.-p.  69, 
o.  419  (1842);  G.  B.  Gr.  Gat.  B.  iii.  p.  607,  n.  4  (1844); 
Rekttb.  Syn.  Ac,  Natatorea,  t.  103.  f .  9i>8  tl84i>j;  C.  L.  Brdm, 
Naumannia,  1865,  p.  2tl7  ;  Bp.  Corr.pt.  Bend,  xliii.  p.  648,  n.  10, 
p.  1025  (1S56) ;  FriticA,  Vog.  Eur.  p.  405,  t,  45,  f,  6  (1870). 

Anser  intemiedtii?,  Naum.  VOg.  Deuttchl.  li,  p.  340,  t.  288  (1842)  ; 


Selgt,  Naumannia,  1855,  p,  263;  Blot,  irt  Naum.  VOg.  Deulschi. 

liii.  p,  293  (1860) ;  Mchnic.  J.  f.  0.  1890,  p.  81  ;  Hrin.  ^  Schnv. 

A"«B.  Mu».  Heitt.  Om.  p.  341  (■Egypt)  (18H)), 
f  Anser  albifrons  roBeipea,  SchUg.  Aaumannia,  IS&'i,  pp,  264,  256, 

267. 
F  Anser  pallipeH,   Sely»,  yaumanuia,  1866,  p.  SM  (domestic  rare) ; 

DeffL  ^   Gerb.   Om.   Eur.   ij.  p,  486  (18W);  Frits'^,  Viig.  Eur. 

p,  406  (1870). 
FAnMtalbifrousa.  pallipes,  Bp.  Com»(.  ,Bmd.  xliii.  p.  648(18561. 
P  Anser  pallidipes,  A.  Neat.  Pr.  Ac.  Philad.  1871,  p.  99  •. 

Adtdt  male.  Forehead  and  feathers  at  the  base  of  the  upper 
mandible  white ;  head,  neck,  back,  rump,  and  wings  brownish  ash- 
colour ;  tipper  tail-coverts  white ;  breast  and  belly  pale  brownish 
white,  wiUi  patches  and  broad  bars  of  black ;  sides  and  flanks  ash- 


a.  Ad.  tk. 
A.  $  mL  >k. 
c;  S  ad.  at. 

d:  S  aiLBk. 

*.  Ad.  Bk.  [atpj 

/.  ,1  .d.  i. 
>-.-.   d?  »d.   « 

fc.  Intm.  tk. 


Dungltie,  Co.  Dooegal.  J«r 
Fetlisrd,  Clonmel.  .\nril. 
Island  of  Tire«. 


>.  (f  ad.  Bk. 
•-r.  (f  9  sd.  ik. 
.  5  ••!-  ■>>- 


I   «;.  Jar  ftk. 

J  if,  /.  Sktleton*. 
U/.  ^.ikelpIoQ. 


Wales. 

Cauibrid^  Dec. 
Cnmbridge  [Balrfr). 
WilMhire. 
Brighton,  Feb. 
IIolliuid>  Jan. 
AlexBndria,  K|rvpl,  Feb. 

Alexandria.  Egyiit,  Feb. 
Fdyoooj,   Egypt,    Feb.,    Mar. 

(G.  £.  S.). 
Liioknow. 
R.  Jh^eliim   below  Shahpoor, 

Nov.  (A.  0.  II.). 
KiukitiDg,  Oct. 

Ywigtxe.  Oct.  (F.  tf.  Slyoii). 
Shtm^hai,   Mnrch   {It.   Stcin- 
hue). 


Colonwl  Irbj  [P.]. 
(■apt.  VVaJdroQ  (p.\ 
Col.    Irby   &.    Cant. 

Reid  [P.]. 
Tweeddale  Coll. 
C.  H.  WatsoD,  E>«. 

CA.  Feild^n  \i:]. 
Hon,   ^\'.   EJlwanies 

[1'.]. 
Mi>nta^  Coll. 
t^a]\ii]-Godinan  Coll. 
Could  Coll. 
Montagu  Coll. 
Seebohm  CoU. 
H.J.  Pike.  Em.  [PI 
H.    J.    Elwe«,  V^|. 

[P.]. 
Shelley  ColL 
Shelley  Coll. 


P.    W.   Stvwj, 

[P.l       ■ 
Seebobm  CoU. 
Seebohm  CoU. 


i.  Anser  gambeli. 


.  Sirdt,  pi.  153  (HudsonV 
i.  p.  197,  n.  11    (America 


Amer  canadensis  fiucu^  maculalu 
Bay)  (1760). 

Ana«   erylhmpua,    pnrt..    Xi'iiii. 
WPI.MI700). 

Atuv  albifrona.  part.,  Om.  S.  K.  i.  2,  p.  609,  n.  6i  (Anjarica)  (1788)  ; 
LatA.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  S»2.  no.  27  (1  <  00)  ;  Ftntt.  JV.  ZJ.  xsm.  p.  344 
<part.)  ll«ln);  Slepi.  Om.  Znnl.  xii.  2,p.25(]824) ;  Bp.Sjiecdtio 
Vamp.  p.  70,  no.  235  (part.)  (1827). 

Xxmt  albifwna.  Bp.  [nee  Srop.)  ^.  p^  376(1828);  Waal.  Iiit, 
I831,p.  Ji3I  (MhxIpo):  Str.  *  Bieh.  Fatm.  Bar.-Am.  ii.  p.  466 
(M«d(onii«Biver,norlhofe7°,and  Arctjc  c:>a«t,  breeding)  (1831) ; 
Vatt.  Mm.  ii.  p.  846  (lA-M) ;  Au-I.  Orn.  Bvigr.  iii.  p.  5«8.  pi.  286 
(1836)  !  Bp.  Cxmp.  Lift,  p.  S6,  no.  3(!7  (IS.-^) ;  And-  AV"  p.  272 
(1838);  id.  B.  Aih.  vi.  p.  200,  pi.  S80  (1848);  fliraud,  B.  Lung 
Id.  p.  2»6  (1844);  Temm.  Se  Sfhirg.  Fnun.  Jf,p.,  Aret,  p.  125 
rl860) ;  fto/f,  P.S.  Erpi.  Exped.  riii.  no.  I.W  {Oregon  and  Call- 
fomia)  (1848)  ;  H<irfl.  Witgm.  Arch.  1852.  i.  p.  122;  Bfury.Pr. 
Pkilad.  Ae.  1856,  p.  316;  Wied,  J.  f.  O.  18fi9,  p.  166;  llemn. 
P.  R-  R.  Rfp.  X.  pt.  ri.  p.  68  (California)  (I85») :  Hoy.  Smitlu. 
Sep.  p.  430  (Mi«wuri)  |18i>4)  ;  Trippt,  A-.  Ett.  Ini/.  vi.  p.  110 
lMiDaeM)ta)(1871):  '^icinA.  IhU,  187<^,  p.  4.%  (Hahndadj),  1877, 
p.  146;  Blakitl.  *  iVy^r.  Ibu,  1878,  p.  212;  iid.  Tr.  A».  Soe. 
Jap.  Till  p   IB2  (IRSO.,  I.  p.  115  (1883) ;  Blakift.  Amend.  Lxtt  B. 


Jap.  p.  8   (1884)  ;  Setbh.  B.  Jap.  Enm.  p.  237(1880} ;  Bramdt, 

J/.  0. 1891,  p.  266. 
f  AoBersegetum,  Nutt.  (nee  Om.),  Man.  Ji.  p.  348  (J834)  (N.E. 

America)  {fide  Brandt,  J.f.  0.  1881,  p.  266). 
Aiuer  gsmbeli,  Sartl.   Rev.  et  Mag.  Zool.   1852,  p.  7  ;     id.  Nau- 

wonnw,  1862,  p.  2 ;  Bp.  Con^.  Rend,  iliii.  p.  648,  n.  17  (18S6) ; 

Cab.  J.f.  0.  1867,  p.  226  (Cuba) ;   Out.  US.  Expl.  Exp.,  Mamm. 

and  Om.  p.  334  (iSiS) ;  Baird,  B.  N.  Am.  p.  761  (1868)  ;  Coop. 

^  Suckl.  if.  H.  Wash.   Terr.  p.  249   (1860) ;    Wheat.   Ohio  Agr. 

iJe/-.  no.  236(1860);  BlakUt.  Ibis,  186;),  p.  140;  Allen,  Pr.  Ets. 

Intt.  IT.  p.  87  (MassachtLsetts)  (1864) ;  Oundt.  Sepert.  Fis.-Nat. 

i.  p.  387  (1666)  ;  Coues,  Pr.  Esi.  Intt.  v.  p.  298  (New  EngUad) 

(1868) :  id.  Pr.  PAilad.  Ac.  1866,  p.  08  (Anzona) ;  Sing,  Sportem. 

and  Natur.  in  Ginada,  p.  190  (1866)   (=  albi&ons) ;  Dreu.   Ibit, 

1866,  p.  43  (Texas);  Couet,  Ihit,    1866,   p.   269;  id.   Pr.   Boit. 

Soc.   iii.  p.   124   (South  Carolina)   (1866);    Broom,   Ibit,   1868, 

p.  425  (Vancouver  Isl.) ;    Datl  ^  Bonn.  Tr.  Chic.  Ac.  i.  p.  294 

(Yukon, breeding)  (1869) ;  TundmU,  B.  E.  Pa.  p.  36  (1869) ;  Bann. 

"  ■         " '  -  B.    ffilJM.   p.  11 

i  (1871);  ScM. 
.  Neotrop.  p.  128,  n.  3  (1873);  Dall.Avif. 
Aieui.  tet.  unai.  taiiw.  p.  6  (1873);  id.  Aeif.  Aleut.  Isl.  loest 
Unal.  p.  6  (1874);  Lanrr.  Mem.  BosL  Sob.  N.  H.  ii.  p.  313 
(Mazatlan)  (1874)  ;  Gundl.  J.f.  0.  1876,  p.  376  (Cuba)  ;  Sclat.^ 
Sale.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  ,161 ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  18B0,  p  500 ;  Satmd. 
Yarreiri  Hist.  Brit.  B.  iv.  p.  264  (1884-85) ;  Secth.  B.  Japan. 
Emp.  p.  237  (1890). 

Anser  albifrooB,  Tar.  gaiubeii.Coues,  Key,  p.  282  (1872) ;  Ridgw.  Ann. 
Lt/c.  y.  r.  I.  p.  388  (niiDOTs)  (1874);  (hues,  B.  K.-West,a.6m 
(18r4j  ;  JfeU.  Chii»e '  OwTPtn,'  p.  93  (1883)  (Sib.  coaat  o(  Bering 
Sea);  B.,B.,^R.  Water-B.  N.  Am.  i.  p.  448  (1884);  Turner, 
Auk.  1885.  p.  168. 

Anst-r  ervtliro|iiis,  i:»l.  Mon.  Am:l.  p.  fK)  (purt.)  (IKi8);  Biiird 
{nee  Linn.).  !il<iu/ii.  Hep.  u.  321  (IM2):  II"or«/A.  Silgr.Bep.  p.  102 
(lft>3);   Xeirh.    Pr.    Ji.    R.    Rep.    TJ.  p.    101  (1857)';  fJrhU!,.  " 


lb.   AKSKB.  f? 

Sc&roiily  diSerBDt  from  A.  alhifnrm ;  on  the  average  it  is  laj^r 
uitl  haa  a  biKger  bill.  •'  Iris  very  dark  brown  ;  biL  milky  wbito 
(bfcumiiig  licsh-colour  some  time  after  death),  the  anterior  part 
mod  toniitt  with  n  very  faint  rosy  tinge,  the  posterior  part  with  a 
hardly  jiercuptiblc  wash  of  bluish  ;  a  square  liguro  on  culmen,  edges 
of  uostrils,  a  Bmim  spot  beneath  them,  and  the  basal  two-thirds  of 
iha  lower  half  of  tlie  under  mandible  cadmium-yellow ;  naked  ekin 

I   on  Dieutol  angle  and  corner  of  mouth  of  the  same  colour,  but  paler ; 

I  3  siHpo  niong  the  forehead  pale  brownish  yellow ;  tail  cream- 
oolonred  4  naktid  eye-ring  dark  brownish  grey ;  foot  vivid  cadmium- 
yellow  ;  webs  somewhat  paler  and  purer  yellow  ;  nails  Uorny 
white  "  [StfjnrgfT).     Total  leugth  29  inches,  culmen  2-3, 

i/oi.  Northern  Amtirica  (except  Greenland),  migrating  south  as 
Ear  «s  ifexico  and  Cuba,  and  aloog  the  E.  Asiatic  coast  to  Japan. 

a.  $  ad.  (li.  N.  America.  Salvin-Godmnn  Coll. 

t.  Ad.  at  Arctic  America.  Capt.  BuJc  [F.]. 

«.  Head.  Arctic  coiut,  E.  of  Ft.  Ander-     Safvin-Oodman  Coll, 
Bon,  July  {McFarlane) . 

I  d:  Ad.»L  RejiuLte  Bsv.  Dr.  Raa  ■V.]. 

<L  <;  ad.  tk.  Bniwiisville,   Tcjas,  Feb.  (F.     SiilTin-Oi>dmiui  Cull. 
I  B.  ArHutroofj). 

/.  Ad-  sk.  British  aolumbin. 

«.  Ad.ak.  N.W.  Ammca. 

jl  M-Simm-iJuT,,  Ht.  Michael's,  Alwka,  June, 
M  pull.  sk.  Aug.  (£  W.  Seltrm). 

.  Ad.  St.  Japan.  Purchaa^d. 

a.  Ad.sk.  yokohama  (ff.  iVyer).  Soebohm  ColL 

I   r>f-  <^  ••l.»tjuT.  Ilakodudi,  April, Oct. (i^nftu-     ijeebohm  Coll. 
-m). 


5.  Anser  erythropns. 

AaM  emhtonuB,  Linn.  S.  .V.  i.  p.  197,  n.  1 1  (part,  et  byn.  emend.) 

0766). 
Anier  (inmarahicua,  Oumifr,  in  Lrfmii  dr  Lapjivn.    Cvmm.   nvti», 

p.  aw   (1767):    Rehnw.  J.f.O.   1890,  p.  8J  ;    Han.  u.  Rdaae. 

Vom.  hlv».  Bein.  Om.  p.  341  (1890). 
Anns  albifrons,  part.,  Gm.  S.  A",  i.  '2,  p.  W9.  n.  64  ( 1788)  ;  Lath.  Ind. 

Om.  ii.  p.  842,  n.  27  (1790) ;  Fwifl.  N.  D.  uiii.  p.  344  (181fl). 
ABMr  albifnmv,  part.,  Bonn.  Sue.  MilJt.i.  p.  lU  (1790);  SUpK. 

Otn.  Zool.  «i.  3,  p.  2S  (1824);  Dum.  Diet.  8e.  Nat.  xmv.  p.  4«1 

(ISiM);   Wright  (iwc  Scop.),  Fink   Fufil.   p.  43  (l»fi9)  (r/.  lUt, 

ISel.p.  111). 
■Aiu<irerythnipu»,  i^'f;.  Zoogr.  B«uo-A%.\\.  p.  S2;>  (1811).* 
AMertemminckii,  Bui./ni,  1822,  p. 883  (Hamburg);  Schleg.  Rr<, 

Crit.   p.  fx  (18441;  Midd.   Beta.  O-Sibir.  ii.   p.  2-28,  t.  xs.   f.  2 

Ipallns)  (1861 1  (Tnioivr  It., Boganid*) ;  Prix.  k. Lor.  Ann. k.  naturh. 

m/mtu.  lit  p.  W*  (lri*?|. 
Aukt  ciOFmcHUB,  C  L.  Brehm.  Lekrb.  Nalurg.  eur.  Vog.  ii.  p.  772 


(1SS4) ;  id.  hU,  16W,  p.  »U0 1  id.  Uandb.  Nalurg.  Vog.  DeuUM. 

p.  845  <1831);  ia.  Naumanai..,   1856,  p.  297  ;  «/.  Vog^.  p.  367 

(1855) 
Auserbreiii'ostris,  IleckeHwU?)' ;  Brfhm,  Itii,  1830,  p.996(deacr. 

nulla)  ;  id.  Naturgetch.   Vog.  DeuUcht.  p.  844  (1831) ;  G.  Jt.  Gt. 

Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  607,  n.  6  (1844)  ;  Behnb.  Sgn.  Av.,  Nfttatoree,  1. 103. 

tf.  398,  399,  361  (1S45) ;  C.  L.  Brekm,  yauvumnia,   1865,  p  297 

(=  roinDtuB,  JVouin.) ;  id.  Fogelf.  p.  367  (1856). 
Anser  brevirostris,  Koek  (ubi  ?),  ^de  Frittch,    Vog.   Eur.   p.  406, 

Taf.  46.  r.  3  iyauag),  f.  7  (»d.)  (1870). 
Anser  minutuB,  Naum.  Vog.   Deultchl  xi.  p.  864.  Taf.  290  (1842) ; 

NiUs.  Skand.  Fauna,  Fogl.  ii.  p.  404  (1844) ;  AjWA.  Dimm.  FugU, 

p.  356,  Suppl.  pi.  24  (1*52) ;  Schkg.  Vog.  Nfdert.  pi.  283  (1864) ; 

LicM.  Nomead.  An.  p.  101  (1854) ;  Selg»,  Kaumaanta,  1855,  p.  264 ; 

Bp.  Compt.  RfTiil.  iliii.  p.  648,  n.  19  (1856) ;  P  Antin.  J./.  0. 1858, 

p.  484  (note,  Smjrna) ;  ScUeg.  Vog.  Nederl.  p.  519,  pi.  283  f  1858) ; 

Bias,  itt  Xaum.  Vog.  DeutiM.  xiii.  2,  p.  293  (1860) :  P  Irby,  Ibis, 

1861,  p.  247  (Ouith);  Nordm.  J./.  O.   18«4,  p.  376  (Finland); 

Sc/Ueg.  Mtit.  P.-B.,  Aneeres.  p.  Ill   (1866) ;  Bree,  B.  Eur.   iv. 

p.  137,  pi.  — (1867);   Sundtr.  Svemka  Fogl.  pl.67.  1".3(1872); 

/iniwA,  hit,  1877,  p.  62 ;  id.  Vfrh.  z.-b.  Get.   Wiea,  1879,  p.  200 ; 

Hume,  Sir.  FealA.  v'm.  p.  114,  no.  948  (1879) ;  Seeb/i.  B.  Japan. 

Emp.  p.  238  (1890). 
Marilockea    brevirostris,   "  Heekel,"   Reknb.   Av.   Syst.    NaL   p.   ix 

(1862). 
Anser  enrthiopus,   A'nttf.  P.  Z.  S.    1860,  p.  341  ;    id.  Ibit,  1860, 

p.   406  ;    id.  Ann.  *  Mag.  N.  B.   (aer.   2)   ii.   p.  462  (1860)  ; 

Sumh.  P.  Z.  8.  1863,  p.  S23  (China)  ;  Jerd.  B.  of  Ind.  iii.  p.  781 

(Oudh)    (1864);    Degl.   ^  Gerbe,  Om.   Eur.  ii.  p.  486   (18«7)  i 


and  N.  Rusiift) ;  Gieb.  The*.  On.  i.  p.  370  (1872);  Bhk.  ^  Prger, 

ll.U.  1H7>-,  ^.-112  iTokiu  and  Yf/o) ;  AVM.  Ibi^,  1S7!»,  p.  2^ 
(Toliio)  ;  Dress.  B.  of  Eiir.  vi.  p.  'iSi  (pts.  7.i,  76,  1879) ;  Hume 
&  Marth.  Oame  B.  of  Iiid.  iii.  T).  78,  pi.  11  [1680| ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S. 


15.  is^KK.  99 

eft*  (III  tlii>  top  uf  the  bewi  Total  length  altuut  21  inchea,  wiDg  15, 
UU  4-5.  culroen  1-27,  tnreus  :;-4. 

FrmaU  Bmitller  than  the  male,  wing  about  13-3  Juches. 

yi/ttng  hirdt  have  no  white  on  the  toreheBiI  and  no  block  marks 
un  th«  lowM"  [Hirta. 

Hall.  Lajibinil  and  ea^tvrardii,  aUo  Siberia :  it  migrates  south' 
«nrd«,  and  lta«  beoo  fnaiid  in  wint«r  from  W.  Europe  to  Japau;  also 
>n  Sortliem  India. 


a.  I,»iu.  A 
k.  Jut.  a. 
t.  9  ad.  sk. 
A.  Imin.  tk. 
a.  Jar.  tt. 
f-  Ad.  ik. 
I   #.*,£.«;$  ad.  aL 

*.  ?ad.ak. 

f   L  a  »^ik. 

■L  Ad.-h. 

n.  Skr^lob.!]. 


N.  of  Europe. 

Ob  R.  IHstrict,  Auft. 

Yenisei,  June  (H.S.). 

l).tuietta  [Filiiijiimi). 

Ca»ni«n  Si«. 

Omlh. 

Suliiinpur,    Ourgiton.    March 

( H'.  JV.  CAiU). 
Shanghiti,  Nov.  {Jl  Sn>in/u.e). 
Tokio,  Jan.  (Slaki»/oa). 
Yokohttmn  (//.  J^ytr}. 


I'lircliased, 
llr.Oft.fiuaubrC.l. 
Se«bohm  Coll. 
Shelley  CiU. 
Purchased. 
Hume  ColL 
Hume  Coll. 

Seebobia  CoU. 
ISeeboboi  Coll. 
Seebohm  ColL 


(I.  Anser  fabalia. 
IVan  Ooosp. 
Aiucr  sTlveHtris,  J-'ruch,  Vog.  DeuUcht.   tab,   15J$;    Briu.  Om.  vi. 

p.  ^0760):  Dtgl.  On.  Ear.  u.  y.  29-1  (184B);  Depl.  Jf  Oerbe. 

Om.  Eur.  ii.  p.  481  (I8«r) :  I)uh.  Faun.  Vert.  Btlg.,  Oit.  ii,  p.  398 

llM»l)- 
Un  nkatiu,  Grrini,  Star,  drgh  Vce.  v.  Ut.  WI  (1776), 
Oie  wuvage,  D'Auhrnt.  PI.  Enl.  085. 
Arm  anwr,  Bo^d.  (nee  Linn.)  TaU.  Pi.  Enl.  p.  S7.  n.  986  (1783)  (er 

H.  Eml.  (IS5). 
Baan  <ioose,  LatA.  flffli.  m.  %  p.  404,  a.  -23  (178-^). 
Aduu  [abalia,  Lath.  dm.  Sun.  Sup/>t.  l  p.  3»7  (1787). 
Anas  BFgcIum,  Gm.  S.  X.  t.  2.  p.  513,  n.  68  (1786) ;  LmK.  lad.  On, 

ii.p.  84S,n.  28  (1700):   Temm.  Man.  ^Om.  p.  697  (1816))  id. 

t^.  fit.  2nil  ed.  ii.  p.  820  (1820);  Ranz.  El.  d!  2W.  iii.  pt.  », 

p.  80  (I8:>a);    Wfntr,  Atbu,   riUuilpedea,  pi.  30  (18— P):  Bp. 

l^ecrhio  Comp.  p.  70,  D.  311  (1827 1. 
Aiuet  leriis.  Bonn,  (nfe  auct.)  Ene.  Mefh.  I.  p.  110,  a.  7  (excl.  a,  b) 

(17l>0) ;  Firm.  Brit.  Anim.  p.  I2«  (WiH). 
AnfmMfFGluin,  Bmm.  Eur.  Mfth.  i.p.ll6{l>90)i  .V«$«r,  Taivkenh.  ii. 

p.  fi<H(1810);  IT*;//,  S.l).  xsili,  p.  342(1818);  Stfpk.  Ge,,.  la.  Ii, 

p.  20(1824);  Dum.Dut.  .Sr.AW.  xixv.  p.  460(182.5) :  iftmr.  Om. 

Pnr.  pi,  300  ( 18J."i) ; Bni^h. lot,  1828,  p,  734, TaC  ix.  f. 4  ( =ttnen- 

»\»,Jfaum.)i  Brehm,  Ist*.  I8a0,p.99n;  Znu.  TV.  ifOrn.  p.  «38(I8»1),- 

Savi,  Om.  Tote.  iii.  p.  177  (1831 ) ;  GomW.  B.  Eur.  pi,  348  (18^7) ; 

^.Mm.A»at.n  91  (18S8);  Sp.  CWw.iJW, p. &5,  n.  399(1838); 

&rf/.  P.Z.S.  lim.p.2iBp.Cat.Mel.Uec.Eur.B.70,a.4-rHlU2); 

Kum.  Vgff.  DnaiM.  li.  p.  .%0,  Taf.  287  (1843) :  Sehlfg.  Rrr.  Crit. 

p.  ds  (1S44I ;  G,  It  Gr.  Gat.  B.  iii.  p   607.  n.  2  1 1844) :  Sehnb. 

Sun.  .^ti,,An9ercs,  lab,  102.  H'.  240,^41  11810):  llarmnrt.  P. '/..a. 

lasl.  p.  146  (Madeira) :  MiM.  Rru.  AVW,  ii.  2,  n,  325  (BofcHnida 

indtaTmir  Land)  )■«■  p,  227.  S.E.  Siberia)  n^^li  Kjrrb.  Om. 

/)«(.t.4-^{1S52l:  Situm.  Naumanma.  1863,  pp,  &-«,'t.  1.  17.  D. 

K.  F;  SrkUy.   V<y.  Xedrrl.  pig.  276,  277  (1854) :  LifM.  Nrmmd. 


Ab.  p.  100  (1664)  {  Wallettffr.  Xaumannia,  1854,  p.  267  (Scan- 
dinavia) :  Schleg.  Naumannia,  1855,  p.  262,  o.  S;  Bp.  Compt.  Bend. 
iliii.  p.  648,  n.  13  (1866) ;  Gri»p,  P.  Z.  S.  1857,  p.  215 ;  G.  R.  Gr. 
Cat.  Brit.  B.  p.  180  (1863) ;  fristr.  P.  Z.  S.  1S64,  p.  453  (Pale»- 
tine);  ?  Xordm.  J.  f.  0.  1864,  p.  376  (Finkod) ;  Sckteg.  Miu. 
P.-fl.,  Anserea,  p.  112  (part.)  (1806);  Ei/t.  Syn.  Anat.  p.  39 
(1869) ;  FHttch,  Vog.  Ear.o.  406,  t.  46.  f.  6  (1870) ;  GlUdt,  Ibu, 
1870,  p.  308  (Nova  Zembia)  ;  Btwfs  ^  Buckl.  Ibu,  1870,  p.  338 ; 
Malmgr.  J./.  O.  1870,  pp.  281,  280  (Finland   and   Lapland); 

A.  Newt.  iV.  Ac.  Phiiad.  187],  pp.  98,  99  (Lapland)  j  G.  R.  Gr. 
Sand-lilt,  iii.  p.  74,  n.  10563  (1871 ) ;  Hevgi.  J./.  O.  1872,  p.  121 
(Kova  Zembla)  j  6ieb.  Thea.  Oru.  i.  p.  373  (pBrt.)(1872) ;  Sundev. 
Smntka  Ihgl.  pi.  56.  t.  4  (187^)  ;  Gouid,  B.  Great  Brit.  v.  pi.  2 
(1873)  ;  Severtz.  Turkat.  Jevotn.  p.  70  (1873)  (Turkeetan, 
migrating  through,  and  winteriiip) ;  Breu.  Ib%i>,  1876,  p.  418 ; 
Dren.  B.  Eur.  vi.  p.  363,  pi.  412  (187il) ;  Hume  S[  Marth.  Game 

B.  of  Ind.  iii.  p.  m,  pi.  8  (1880) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  500  ; 
Bchnie.  Vog.  sool.  Gart.  p.  66  (1882);  Salv.  Cat.  B.  Strickl.  Colt. 
p.  528,  D.  2669  (I882i  ;  B.  O.  U.  List  Brit.  B.  p.  115  (1883) ; 
Sclat.  Lilt  Vert.  An.  Sth  ed.  p.  418  (1883) ;  Radde,  Ormi  Cavcai. 

Las   (1884)  ;    Triilr.  Faun.   ^  Flor.  Paleit.   p.    113   (1884); 
md.  Yarreiri  Htit.  Bi-it.  B.  iv.  p.  205  (1884-86) ;  Seebh.  Hist. 

Brit.  B.  iii.  p.  493,  pi.  68  (1885) ;  Fkike,  Bev.   Turkeit.  Omu, 

p.  64  (1888) ;   Triitr.  Qii.  CoU.  B.  p.  61  (1889) ;  Bchnjc  J.  f.  O. 

1890,  p.  81 ;  Kolamb.  Glainik.  2Var<mw(.  Dna.  vi.  p.  168  (1891) ; 

Sharpe,  Cat.  Ogteol.  Spec.  CoU.  Surg.  iii.  p.  291  (1891). 
Anaa  (errore  pro  Anser)  segetura,  Bedut.  Naturg.  Dtutirhl.  2nd  ed. 

iy.  p.  883,  n.  2(1801). 
Anaer  rufescens,  C.  L.  Brehm,  Beitr.  Vogelk.  iii.  p.  871  (1822) ;  id. 

Jtii,   1830,  p.  996;  ia.   Viig.  DeuUvhl.  p.  838,  n.  3  (1811);   id. 

Naumaimia,  1866,  p.  297  ( =8egBtiim,  Naum.) ;  id.  Vogdf.  p.  366 

n.  3  (1855). 
Anser  platjuros,  C.  L.  Brehm,  Itii,  1830.  p.  996  (descr.  nulla) ;  id. 

Voq.    BeuUch!.   p.    837   (1«3]);    id.    Naumannla.    \8^').    p.    2fr, 

id.'VoQ.  ■'       --^       '   ""-' 


» 


Om.i.  p.  374(18721. 

Adtih  mtiU.  Head  and  neek  greyish  brown ;  a  few  whitiah 
baliicn  on  the  buse  of  the  bill ;  back  and  scapulars  dark  brown, 
•lightly  tiugttd  with  grey,  each  fealher  margined  with  greyish 
white;  rump  blnckish  brown;  upper  tuil-eoverta  white;  breast 
|wlt  greyish  brown,  elianging  into  white  on  the  abdomen,  vent,  and 
under  tail-covi-rts  ;  flanks  brown,  with  pale  edgings  to  the  feathers ; 
wings  brown,  more  greyish  on  the  bend  of  the  wing,  bastard-wing, 
prinary-coreris,  and  base  oF  the  primaries  ;  wing-coverto,  seeand- 
ttries,  and  tertinls  edged  with  white;  under  wing-coverts  ash- 
browD  :  bill  with  the  nail,  edges,  and  baee  black,  the  middle  portion 
deep  orange  ;  irides  dark  brown  ;  feet  orange,  claws  black.  Total 
length  34  inches,  wing  19,  tail  6-5,  bill  2-4,  tarsus  2-6. 

FrmaU  similar  to  the  male,  but  somewhat  smaller. 

Toung  birfit  of  the  year  are  rather  darker  in  the  general  colour 
<if  their  plnmage,  the  markings  are  less  distinct,  and  there  is  a  tinge 
«f  tawny  colour  about  the  neck. 

I/ah.  Western  Pala'srctic  Region,  breeding  in  Northern  Uussia 
uid  Lapland,  migrating  to  the  basin  of  the  Caspian,  wintering 
in  all  Europe  and  Northern  Africa ;  has  occurred  us  far  south  as 
Madeira. 


Gt.  Britain 


I'urchalM'd, 


ZoolopCttl  Gardens  [BartlHt).      Purchased. 
I'Minburgb,  Jan.  Hiuae  CqII. 

6a1vin-Gu(Iman  Coll. 
EngUnd  (?l,  X^sdeohall  Market.  Hiinie  tVill. 


-Godninn  Coll. 
Feilden  and  Uarvie- 

Brown  Cnll. 
Seebohm  CoU. 


Norfolk.  J  a 

KovB     ZuiLibIa,     .luty     ( Copt. 

MarkhamS. 
Vetehata  (H.  S.). 

Yf^n-e-sav,  Siberia,  lat.  60}°, 
May  (H.  S.). 


Anter  fahalit  X  A.  frrut. 
Northrepps.  Norwich,  April.         J.  I!.  Oumej.   Esq. 


Aturr  fabalit  X  A.  rdhifruni 
d  i'}tiv.»k.    Lilford  Amries,  Ai^. 

7.  Aiuer  sernroBtris. 


r  spgetuin.  Mi-id.  |n/f  Gm.)  Sibir.  Jtfier.  li.  2,  p.  227  (vai 
S.F.  SiVria)  (1S61);  ScAr™cA,  S^i-  Atitur-L.  p.  463  (1860) 
»einl>.  nit,  I860,  p,  67.  1861.  p.  344,  186^,  p,  253;  irf.  P.  Z.  I 


1863,  p.3Q3iSadde,Meu.8.  O.-SMr.  ii.  p. 356(1863);  SwmA.  Hit. 
1667,  p.  392;  Dyb.  If  Forrtj^,  J.  /.  O.  1668,  p.  338  (Dauria) ; 
Swinh.  Ibit,  ISia,  p.  456  (part) ;  Prjet,.  in  Bmtd.  Om.  Mite  li. 
p.  96  (1878)  ;  Blak.  *  Fryer,  IbU,  1878,  p.  212  (part.);  «W.  Tr. 
Ai.  Soc.  Jap.  Tiii.  p.  182  (part.)  (1880),  x.  p.  W  (part.)  (188a); 


\   1888,  p.  460  (Cores) ;   Sfebk.  B.  Jap.   Emp.  ii.  p.  236 

(1890). 
Aiuer  MirrirOHtm,  GoaJd,  M.S. ;    SctbA.  IbU,  1884,  p.  269  (Ceotral 

Chioa). 
Ansersegetuni,  var.  serrirostriB,  Swmh.  P.  Z.  S.  I87I,p.  417  (China) ; 

Diib.  J.  f.  O.  1873,  p.   108;  Tacx.  Om.  Faua.  lo4t.  SiVr.  p.  V7 

(J872) ;  id.  Bull.  Soa.  Zool.  fV.  ii.  p.  42,  n.  373  (1877). 
AnBersegetuitiBerriroslris,  Sttjn.  Sta.  U.S.  Nat.  Mut.  no.  29,  p.  144 

(Date)  (1685) ;  Sn^h.  Hut.  Br.  B.  iii.  p.  404  (East,  form)  (1885)  ; 

id.  B.  Jop.  Bmp.  ii.  p.  236  (part.)  (1890). 

h.  mid<iendorfii. 

Atiser  frrandis,  Midd.  (nte   Gm.)  BvU.  phfi.-math.  Ac.  Fflenb.  iii. 

no.  19,  p.  298  (1844) ;  id.  Reiie  SUnr.  ii.  2,  p.  225,  n.  1S2,  TaT.  xi. 

f.  1  (head)  (Boganida)  (1851) ;  Schrewk,  Seii.  Anmr-L.  i.  p.  462 

(1860);    Raddf,    Rfii.    S.O.-Sibir.   ii.    p.    354   (1860);    *"■ 


p.  338;   Gieh.   Tha.  Om.  i.  p.  371  (part.)  (1872) ;  Elwet,  P.  Z.  8. 
1873,  p.  640 ;   Taet.  J  f.  O.  1873,  p.  108,  1874,  p.  336,  1876, 


P.-£.,  Anserea,  p.   lU  (1866);    Dyb.  *  Farra,  J./.   O.   '. 

—    "■  ■   tAm.  r     ■     — —    "■ 

/.  /.  ti.  1873,  p.  . 
}.  256 :  P  FnxK.  Mong.  et  Pay»  da  Taig.  ii.  p.  160  (Lac  Chanlul 
(1876) ;  Tacz.  Om.  Faun.  Voit.  Sibir.  p.  67  {1877) ;  id.  Ball.  Soc. 
Zool.  Fr.  ii.  p.  42,  n.  42  (1877) ;  Prjn.  m  Bowl.  Om.  Miie.  ii. 
p.  96  (Lalie  Ilanka)  (1878);  Jan.  Bull.  Soc.  Zool.  JV.  vUi. 
p.  343  (1883) ;  iSnbh.  Ibia,  1884,  p.  209 ;  Htin.  u.  Jtchnw.  Norn. 
Mtu.  Hem.  Om.  p.  341  (E.  Siberia)  (1890). 
'Aiiscr.  sp.,  C/>.  J:'jtr.  Vumpt.  Raid.  t.  xliii.  p.  4-'i  (uote)  (Lake 
BniliuJ)  (TH-Ml). 


15.   AicsBft. 


loa 


n  i«  quite  possible  that  two  dJatinet  forms  are  tncluilt^  under 
A.  »rrrir«ttri» — one  larser.  with  the  culmun  3-15  inehes  long,  and 
wilhtha  hetid  nnd  neck  buffiaUbrown  (/J.  muliUrulorffi),  anA  the  other 
•matter,  much  more  like  A.faMit.  but  liirger  and  with  the  bill 
mneh  thicker  {A.  tm-irotlrit).  I  have  not  Been  a  sufRcicnt  number 
of  ^tccimens  to  make  up  my  mind  on  the  subject. 

11^.  Bosteru  Siberia,  trum  HoKuuidR  iiutwnrdB  ;  in  wintarChiiia 
nud  Japan. 

«,  if  ad.  »1(.      Tunkn,  .\inc>or-ljuiiI,  Mhv  (G.  KnMe).     Swbnhm  CoU. 
4.  Ad.  M.         K.  Siberiu.  J.  F,  Bnwdt  [P.]. 

c.  Ad.  sk.        Chinkiauif.  ("hiim.  Feb.  F.  W.  Sivan.  l->q. 

[P,].     ■ 
J.  t!  ad-  ak.     S'mgpo,  IW.  {It.  SitnnMor).  Seebobm  Coll. 

*.  rf  ad.  sk.     lUkodiuli.  Oct.  (Blakitton)-  Seebohm  Coll. 

/.  A<L»k.        Vokohnina  Iff.  Pi-y^r).  Seubohiu  Coll. 

8.  Aaaer  brachyThynclitis. 

I^Bk-fuotcd  Gnoar. 

Anxiir  hrachyrbvnehuB,  Haill.  Mim.  Soc.  Jl.  iTAhbev.  \»RR.  p.  74 :  id. 
Cat.  p.  2B.  n,'i48  (tSI-P) ;  id.  I'.  Z.  S.  1839.  p.  134 :  Tr-nm.  Man. 
tfOrx.  3nded.  iv.  p.  fiSO  (1840);  Siji.  Coanc.  Z.  S.  1841.  p.  14: 
■■  "  ■  JIfrf.  Pec.  £*!»•.  n,  70.  n.  421  (l'*^3)!  Jardvir,  Natur. 
rii.  p.  70  (184.'i) :  Yarr.  Hiil.  Brit.  U.  Sod  ed.  iii.  p.  IM 
(18*6):  ScMeg.  lUe.   Oil.  p.  ex  (ISMf;   G.  R.  Or.  Ur,i. 


Libr.i. 


V.  OOT.  n.  0  1 1^44)  i  BIytA.  tW.  B.  Mnt.  A.  S.  B.  v.  301,  >i.  L7-5tf 
IPuDJab :)( 1841)) ;  Midi/end.  Sibir.  Jtrii. a.  2.  p.  -l-n (St.  r<:aer>4buiv> 
(1^1);  Sdtlfg.  I'oj,.  Nedrrl  pb.  378,  ITI)  (1854) ;  i^.  y»uman>ua. 
1855,  pp.  Iifi4.  3.^7 :  S<-Iy;  Naumannia.  18r<5,  p.  263,  ii.  4  ;  Yarr. 
Bid.  Brit.  B.  .-(rd  cd.  iii.  p.  158  (1856) ;  ?  irfty,  Ibii,  1S«1.  p.  347 
lAkmbac.Oudh):  G.  R.  Or.  fat.  Jfrit.  B.  p.  l'«7(lM:t);  Jerd 
B.  uf  ind.  iii.  p.  780  (1804) ;  A.  Anet.  P.  Z.  S.  I»fl4,  p.  4IW 
(3pit«b«rgua| ;  ■'/.  Ibit,  1864,  p.  133  (Irdnnd),  186^,  pp.  31)9,  51.1 
iSpilebewn) :  .More.  Ihit.  1605.  p.  441  ;  T)«il.  S[  Grrbr.  Om.  Bur. 
ii.  p.  4Kf  (1801):  rjiUelt,  Saer»h.  afl.  «f  Vid.  StUk.  Fork.  p.  175 
(N(.rw«vl  (ISOt*);  A.  Sih-I.  Ibis.  IBtflt.  p.  230!  £y(.  *>».  Anat. 
p.  .■«  (l»»);  .Wa/wyr.  /  /*.  O.  I87U,  p.  iiflOi  ^«i.ff/.  J./.  O.  1871, 
p.  101  (Spinbe^en) ;  /I.  .Vf  k<.  iV.  ^r.  fAliAxJ.  1871,  pp.  «»,  MP: 
&.  fl.  Or.  ffand-U.t.  tu-  p.  74,  n.  10564  (1871):  G-mld.  B.  Or. 
Brit.  V.  pL  31  (pt.  lix.,  1871);  Sumttv.  Stnuk.  Fogl.  pi.  H3.  f.  I 
(1872)1  i>«M,  S.  £Hr.  Ti.  p,  3119,  pi,  413(pt8.  71,  73,  1878); 
ZTuov,  Mr.  /VnrA.  liii.  p.  114,  n.  94l->  (1870)  ;  ffumr  »  .Maroh. 
Gam*  a.  iii.  p.  71.  pi.  9  (1880)  -.  Sclat.  P.  Z.  &  iVSO.  p.  »)0 ; 
Xlax;  llii',  I8KI.  V-  314  (Jutland) ;  Ri:hnv.  Fag.  aw/.  Oai-t.  p.  IM5 
(1882):  jWrf«Mt.  Dir  UnfUi/f/ung  Ai.  u.  Eur.  i.  p.l01i(l8»3U 
A  O.  U.  iMt  Br.  B.p.  Illl(li«3)l  aolau,J.f.  O.  188.1.  p,  78, 
ft  loll.  (UernunT) ;  OifUtt.  ibid.  p.  80  (Heligoland) ;  SHat.  Liif 
V»H.  An.  Sill  eJ.  p.  417  (1883) ;  Tiattm.  P.  Z.  S.  1884.  p.  176  ; 
Sntmd.  Yarf^i-  Br.  B.  iv-  p.  270(1884-85);  Stfbh.  ffiil.  Br. 
B.  iii.p.498,pl.«0(l8«i):  ballot.  Suppl.  Iii  y^rt/f  Fufilt,^.!  : 
TMclrmi,  Str.  FftilA.  x.  p.  168  (Punjab)  (IShtI:  Tritlr.  Cal. 
CoU.  B.  p.  r,-  (ItwlH  ;  Sturh.  (BfT.  .1*  y-irh.  18-11,  pp.  300-21 1 
(Swedpnli  .S«ft*,  tLJ«p.  Emp.  li  p.  2rUl(iinU-l  (IHllOj;  lieAntK. 
J./.  O.  If-W),  p.  «l:  -Duh.  Faun.  ftrt.  Brl-i..OU.  li  p.40l(l*-9h. 
i  KtHmt  brnTiroftris.  Thira.  [are  Ueckrlt.  Forlpfl.  Viig.  Evf-  pi.  v- 
p.  28  ( IH-WjIopp  •) :  K.  .\  B.  Wirhrllh.  F"r.  p.  liTxiii  (nolf  I  (1«40|, 


Anoer  phmnicapuB,  BarU.  P.  Z.  S.  1639,  p.  3 ;  Farr.  HiH.  Br.  B. 
iu.  p.  64,  with  <at.  (1843),  i.  Introd.  p.  xi  (1843) ;  BarU.  P.  Z.  i). 
1861,  p.  19. 

Anser  wgetum,  A'oum.  (n*?  Gm.)  Viig.  UeuUcfil.  li,  p^  287,  t  287  * 
(1842)  ;  fid.  Naumatmia,  1863,  pp,  5-8,  t.  i.  fi.  D,E,  F;  Stridcl. 
Ann.  *  Mag.  N.  H.  (3)  iii.  pp.  ll>2,  124,  pi.  It.  ff.  2,  3  (1859)  ; 
Malmqr.  (Efv.  K.  Vet.-AJc.  Tdrh.  1863,  p,  189  (Spitsbergen); 
id.  J.f.  0. 1863, p.378  (Sinteber^a) ;  SchUg.  Mtu.  P.-B.,  Ansenis, 
pp.  112,  113  (part.)  (1860);  Oiet.  Tha.  Om.  i.  p.  373  (part.) 
11872). 

Anser  Regetiim  a.  bracliTrliTiicbua,  Bp.  Comjit.  Rend.  lUii.  p.  648, 
n.  13  a  (1880). 

Anaer  ferus,  Evans  8(  Sturge  (nee  auct.),  Bit,  1850,  p.  172  (Spits- 
bergen). 

Aneer  ciopreuB,  TAoreil  (ner  Meuer),  Biitoi.  Mag.  Med.  Kandid. 
p.  61  (1860) ;  Malmgr.  (Efc.  K.  Vet.-Ak.  Fork.  1803,  p.  116 
(Spitsbei^n). 

Anaer  eej^etiim  v.  bracbjrhjncbus,  Malmgr.  I.  c.  pp.  396,  413 ;  id. 
J.f.  0.  1866, p.  210. 

Anser  rufeBcens,  Palm,  (nrc  Brehm),  Fittl  Fogl  ii.  p.  339  (1872). 

Very  similar  to  A.  fahalit  (=ugetum),  from  which  it  differ*  in 
being  Bmalliir  and  in  having  the  bill  shorter,  the  legs  and  feet 
and  middle  portion  of  the  bill  piuk,  iiist«ad  of  orange.  Wing  abont 
16  inches,  culmeu  1-7,  tarana  2-2. 

ffai.  Spitsbergen,  where  it  nests,  and  probablj'  also  Pranz  Joseph 
Land ;  during  the  migration  and  in  winter  in  N.W.  Europe ;  oc- 
caaionalJy  it  strays  to  Germany,  Sclgiam,  and  France ;  itA  alleged 
occurrence  in  India  requires  further  evidence. 


15.    ANSBR.  106 


9.  Anser  indicus. 

Barred-headed  Goose,  Lath.  Syn,  Suppl.  i.  p.  277  (1787). 

Anas  indica,  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  839,  n.  20  (1790). 

Anser  undulata,  Bonn.  Enc.  Mah.  i.  p.  114  (1790)  (ex  Latham). 

Anser  melanocephalus,    Vieill.  N.  D.  xxiii.  p.  3»'i2  (1818) ;  Dum. 
Diet.  Sc.  Nat.  xxv.  p.  460  (1826). 

Anser  indica,  St^ph.  Gen.  Zoof.  xii.  2,  p.  36  (1824) ;  Oould,  Cent, 
mm.  B.  pi.  80  (1831). 

Anser  indicus,  Sykes,  P.  Z.  S.  1831,  p.  126 ;  Eyt.  Mon.  Anat.  p.  90 
(1838) ;  Vig.  P.  Z.  8.  1831,  p.  173 ;  Jerd.  Madr.  Joum.  xii.  p.  217, 
n.  376  (1840);  Hodgs.  in  Gray's  Zooi.  Misc.  p.  86,  n.  693 
(1844) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  List  B.  Brit.  Mus.  iii.  p.  130  (1844);  id.  Cat. 
Hodgs.  Coll.  B.M.  p.  144  (1846) ;  Licht.  Norn.  Av.j^.  101  (1854) ; 
Jerd.  B.  of  Ind.  iii.  p.  782  (1864) ;  Schleg.  Mus.  P.-B.y  Anseres, 
p.  114  (1866) ;  Blyth,  Ibis,  1867,  p.  175;  Beav.  Ibis,  1868,  p.  401 
(Umballnh);  Eyt.  Syn.  Anat.  p.  37  (1860);  Gieb.  Thes.  Om.  i. 
p.  371  (1872)  ;  Hume,  Str.  Feath.  1878,  p.  260 ;  Adam,  t.  c. 
p.  401  ;  Ilume,  Nests  (jr  Eggs,  p.  636  (1873)  ;  Butl.  Sir.  Feath.  iv. 
pp.  27,  40  (Sindh),  p.  499  (1876) ;  Dress.  Ibis,  1876,  p.  419 
(=ekomiakovi) ;  Hume,  Sir.  Feath.  iv.  p.  499  (juv.)  (1876); 
Przew.  Mongolie,  ii.  pp.  161,  170,  n.  256  (1876) ;  Prjev.  in  Hotel. 
Om.  Misc.  iii.  p.  97  (Lake  Koko-nor)  (1878) ;  Anders.  West 
Yunn.  ii.  p.  698  (1878) ;  Hume,  Str.  Feath.  vii.  p.  491  (Calcutta) 
(1879),  Tiii.  p.  114,  n.  949  (1879) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  500; 
Hume  8f  Marsh.  Game  B.  of  Ind.  iii.  p.  81,  pi.  12  (1880) ;  Bidd. 
Ibis,  1881,  i^.m',Itehnw.  Vbg.  d.  Zool.  Gdrt.  p.  66  (1882);  Salv. 
Cat.  B.  Strickl.  Coll.  p.  528  (1882) ;  Sclat.  List  Vert.  An.  8th 
ed.  p.  418  (1883) ;  Severtz.  Ibis,  1883,  p.  76  (Pamir  ranpre) ; 
B.  O.  U.  List  Br.  B.  p.  116  (1883)  ;  Przew.  Beis.  in  Thibet, 
pp.  64,  226  (1884) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1886,  p.  320  (breeding,  Zool. 
Gard.  Rotterd.) ;  Kimherg,  Zool.  Gart.  1886,  p.  324  (Shamin) ; 
Pleske,  Bev.  Turkest.  Omis,  p.  54  (1888) ;  Tristr.  Cat  B.  p.  61 
(1889);  Hum>e,  Nests  ^  Eggs  (Gates'  ed.),  iii.  p.  279  (1890); 
HarUrt,  Kat.  Vogelsamml.  p.  227,  no.  3369  (1891);  Sharpe,  Sec. 
Yark.  Miss.,  Aves,  p.  128  (1891);  Pleske,  Mil.  Bid.  xiii.  p.  298, 
n.  167  (1892) ;  Newt.  Diet,  of  B.  p.  373  (pt.  2,  1893) ;  Oust.  Nouv. 
Arch.  Mus.  (3)  vi.  p.  97  (1894). 

Bemicla  indica,  G.  R.  Gr.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  608,  n.  15  (1844) ;  Rchnb. 
Syn.  Av.y  Natatores,  t.  101.  ff.  961-52  (1845)  ;  Blyth,  Cat.  B.  Mus. 
A.  S.  B.  n.  301,  n.  1767  (1849) ;  Adams,  P.  Z.  S.  1858,  p.  509 
(Indus  &  Punjab). 

Eulabeia  indica,  Rchfib.  Av.  Syst.  Nat.  p.  ix  (1852) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Cat. 
Hodgs.  Coll.  B.  M.  2nd  ed.  p.  76  (1863) ;  id.  Hand-list,  iii. 
p.  76,  n.  10669  (1871) ;  Tacz.  Bull.  Soc.  Zool.  de  IV.  ii.  p.  43 
(Lake  Baikal)  (1877) ;  Hein.  u.  Rchnw.  Nom.  Mus.  Hein.  Om. 
p.  341  (1890). 

Eulabsea  indica,  Bp.  Compt.  Rend,  xliii.  p.  648,  n.  11  (1850). 

Anaer  skomiakovi,  Severtz.  Turkest.  Jevotn.  pp.  70,  149,  pi.  x.  ff.  3, 
(ad.)  4  (pull.)  (Turkestan)  (1873) ;  id.  J.f.  O.  1873,  pp.  346,  377, 
886,  1875,  pp.  80, 100, 184 ;  id.  Zeitschr.  ges.  Om.  1887,  p.  137. 
-*-"-  "-^-^oa,  BaU,  Str.  Feath.  1874,  p.  436. 

'^iro  horse-sboe  blackish  bars  on  the 

•black ;  a  longitudinal  white  band 

i<e  verj'  pale  ashy,  the  feathers 


106  urnivM. 

edged  with  whitish  and  tinged  with  brown  on  the  mantle  and 
scapulars ;  sides  of  the  rump  and  upper  tail-coverts  whitish ; 
throat  white,  fore-neck  brownish  ashy,  passing  gradually  into 
cinereous  on  the  breast,  whitish  on  the  abdumen ;  vent  and  under 
tsil-coverts  white ;  feathers  of  the  flanks  brown,  rufous  towards  the 
tips  with  pale  edgings ;  quills  grey,  dusky  towards  the  tips,  and 
gradually  becoming  darker  towards  the  secondaries  i  tertials  brownish 
grey  ;  tail  grey,  white-tipped :  "  bill  yellov  ;  irides  brown ;  legs 
orange"  (Jerdoit).  Total  length  27  inches,  wing  17,  tail  6,  bill  2, 
tarsus  2-75. 

Vottiuj.  Forehead  brownish  white,  a  little  tinged  with  maty  ;  a 
dusky  lino  through  the  lores  to  the  eye  ;  whole  crown,  occiput,  and 
nape  sooty  or  dusky  black ;  no  trace  of  either  the  two  distinct 
black  head-bars  or  tho  conspicuous  white  neck-streaks ;  back  of 
neck  wood-brown,  sides  and  fronl<  of  the  lower  part  of  the  neck  pale 
dnsky  greyish,  mottled  with  whitish  ;  most  of  the  feathers  of  the 
hreaat  and  abdomen  have  a  pale  rusty  tinge  towards  the  tips  ;  the 
conspicuous  dark  banding  of  the  flanks  of  the  adults  is  almost 
entirely  wanting  ;  tail  somewhat  browner  than  in  the  adult. 

young  in  doivn.  Palo  yellowish,  top  of  the  head  and  upper  parts 
pale  brown, 

tiab.  Central  Asia  and  Northern  India ;  rarely  in  Southern 
India  {Jerdoti). 


0,4.  ?ad.»k. 

Koko-Dor,    March     (Pjjeval- 

N.India. 
India. 
N.W.  India. 

Kumaon  (SiraAeyl. 

H.   Seebohm,   Esq. 

Col.  Cobb's  Coll. 
Hardwicke  Beq. 

Capt.  S.  Pin«dn  [P.], 
India  Museum  TP.]. 
India  Museum  [P.]. 

c.  Ad.  at 

d.  Ad.  St. 
t,f.  Ad.  sk. 
g.  Ad.  flk. 
h.  Ad.  sk. 

in.  CYGNOPSIS. 
Cytmopsis,  Brandt,  BuH.  Ac.  PeUrA.  IHaii,  i.  p.  W. 

Dear-  ft  Irtm.  Anita.  Rms».  Nov.  p.  5  (1(?3«)  . 
Ocnnptris,   Iffia.   u.   Rcknvr.  Nam.   Mvf.  Htin. 

p,  &ii  i\me»  (nom.  rmend.). 

R<>nge,   KaXeru  Asia. 

I.  CygiaopaiB  cygnoides  *. 


C.  cygnoideB 


Asm  cymirades  orieiilnlid,   Zcnn. 

ticntMl). 

AuM-r  mo9coviticu!i,  Bri$t.  Orn.  iv.  p.  SiS  11760). 
Auter  Kuineeiisiii,  Srui.  I.  c.  p.  2bO  (1760) ;  Eyt.  Mini.  Aiiat.  p.  04 

(18.18) ;  id.  Syn.  Anat.  p.  42  (18fi9). 
Adm  i!jgtto\Aiaa.  BTietnli«,  Xtnn.  5:  N.  i.  p.  104  (176^). 
Aau  cvgnoidiv  ff.  oriiMitnliii,  £ii>n.  I'Mil. 
Anwr  Vjpioidw,  Pall.  Stue,  iji,  p.  700,  n.  32  (I77«) ;  Btmn.  Une. 

Mtth.  i.  p.  101.  n.  6  (1700) ;  Pall.  Zoogr.  Somo-At.  ii.  p.  -21%,  Ub. 

Iiiv.  (1811):  Vieat.N.D.j^v.f.SSnOV'\i5):Dvmiml,  Did.  fk: 

Kat.  XXXV.  p.  466  (1^35) ;  Boie,  hit,  1S26. p.  081 ; Byt.  Mon.  Anat. 

pi,  6  (ikelutOB),  App.  1,  S  (1H3H) ;  G.  R.  GV.  Gen.   B.  ui.  p.  607, 

n.  » ylMi)  I  Bfyth,  ViU.  B.  Mia.  A. H.  B.  p. SOU,  u.  1764  (1840) ; 

Tanm.  $[  SrhUg.  Faun.  Japan.,  Amt.p.  VJo  (1860) ;  i^orfrfe,  Britr. 

A  Kmnt.   Sum.   Seiih.  xxziii.  p.  216  (18(lJ) ;  Sirinh.  Un»,\^\, 

p.  314 ;  iit.  P.  ■/,.  S.  Id63,  p.  32^  (Fl.  Chioa)  j  StkUe.  Mut.  P.-S., 

Ans-rw.  p.  100  ( ie60( ;  Selat.  P.  Z.  S.   1669,  p.  620  (brwdin(t) ; 

Cab.  n.  4.  Dtck.  Rrit.  iii.  p.  61  (1860)  ;  BMh,  tbin,  1870.  p.  176 ; 

Ratid.   AouB.   Arch.  3iu».,  SuU.  tH,   Vat.  n.  430  (1871) :  Swinh. 

P.X.  S.  lS7l,p.416:  GieL.  Thtr.   Ors.  i.  p.  370  (1873);  ftwrfct. 

JWkat.  Jrrotn.  p.  70  (1873);    Elwr>,  P.  Z.   S.   1873,  p.   649; 


Onat  aunw.  /Van.  Ant.  ZoU.  ii.  p.  MO  (I76fi);  LaiK  Am.  iii.  2.  p-  446, 
n.  II  {1785). 

Anu  nwwii*.  Cm.  5.  i^.  \.  2.  p.  .504,  n.  53  (1768) .  i;«/i.  Jnd.  On.  ii. 
p.  837.D.  lfi(1790>. 

AnMrgraodit.  Boon.  Ak.  .W«A.  i.  p.  110  (17flO):  PaJl.Zoogr.  H«m-A*. 
ii.  B.2::l  (1811:  Una.  CikmohaU*.  Ansdrr  RiTer)  (tf  (Vmrfin,  fin.)  1 
ViiUt.  S.  II  uni.  p.  34f>  (1818);  Sfrph.  fir*.  Zoot.  iii.  2.  p.  3& 
(18£4>;  B*m.  Difl.hr.  jVut.  »rr.  p.  473  (ltl25);  Sp.  C-mpl.  Rtnd. 
jliii.  p.  648,  n.  14  (1SW) ;  G.  H.  Gr.  Hand-tiif.  iii.  p.  74,  n.  113562 
(IBTli;  Gw4.  71**.  Om.  i.  p.  31  (pnrt.Kl«72):  Sftrlt.  Ibh,  1876 
p.  417  (=:cygiioidM), 

Btrnlck ?  ^nndi*.  G.  H.  Gr.  Gem.  B.  Hi.  p.lUIR.  n.  Ifi(lB4-l) 


"O*  ■ 


tiij ,    bodr  diielj,    iindorpurli 


FerA.  ft.  j.-6.  Ge».  Wien,  1879,  p.  2.58  (\V.  Siberia) ;  Sclat.  P.  2. 
1880,  p.  601,  a.   14;  id.  LUt    Vert.  An.  8lh   ed.  p.  418^  n. ! 


Cnt.  OOeot.  Specim.  CoU.  Surg,  i 

1891,  p.  267. 
CKe  de  Uuinte,  D'AtAent.  Fi.  Ent.  347  j  Buff.   Hut.  Nat.   Oit.  iz. 

p.  72,  pi.  3  (1783). 
Cbineae  Goose,  Lath.  &p>.  Hi.  2,  p.  447,  n.  12  (1786). 
Anaa  orientalia,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  2,  p.  603,  n.  2^  (1788). 
CfgDua  sinenua,  Steph.  Gen.  Zooi.  lii.  2,  p.  22,  pi.  40  (1824). 
C^ftDopsia  cv^Qoides,  Brandt,  BuU.  Ac.   Pittr^.  1836,  i.  p.  37  ;  id. 

Descr.  ^  Ic.  An.  Eua.  Nov.,  Aves,  fasc.  i.  p.  5  (1836J  ;  G.  S.  Gr. 

List  Gen.  B.  p.  73   (1840)  ;  Bp.  (M.  Met.  Ucc.  £ur.  p.  69,  n.  415 

(1842);  SlriAl.  P.  Z.  S.   1843,  p.  166  (Chinese);   Marll.  %s(. 

Verx.  Gee.  Mtu-  p.  117  (1844) ;  Jichr^.  St/n.  Av.,  Anaerea,  t.  106. 

ff.  249-SO  (184fi) ;  Licht.  Nomencl.  Av.  p.  101  (_1864) ;  Bp.  Compt. 

Send,  xliii.p.648,  n.  9  (1860);   G.  S.  Gr.   Sanrf-iu(,  iii.  p.  75, 

n.  10674  (lS71)i  Sund.  Mel.  nat.  Av.  ditp.  Tent.  p.   14-')  (1872) ; 

Ihib.  J.f.  0.  1873,  p.  108  (E.  Siberia),  1874,  p.  336 ;   Taat.  BtdL 

Soc.  Zool.  JV.  ii.  p.  43  (1877) ;  Stfjn.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mia.  x.  p.  136 

(Bering  I.)  (1887) ;   Tacs.  P.  Z.  S.  1888,  p.  460  (Coren). 
Anaer  cygnoides  fenis,  Temtn,  S(  Schieg.  Faun.  Japan.,  Aves,  tab.  81 

(1850). 
CvgnopBiB  ferus,  Ecknb.  Syn.  Av.  n.  v/.  Novit.  Natatoraa,  t.  cccliii. 

f  2773  (ex  Faun.  Jap.)  (1860). 
Cjgnopsia  guineeoBis,  Hchnb.  Av.  Si/st.  Nat.  p.  x  (1862). 
Cvgnopsia  cvgnoidee  a.  australia,   Bp.   Onmpt.   Rend,  xliii.  p.  648 

■(1856). 
Anaer  (Cygnopeis)  cvgnoides,  Schrenck,  Viig.  d.  Am.-L.  pp.  457-461 , 

Taf  XT.  (1800)  i  Aadde,  Rei»e  S.  O.-Sibir.  ii.  p.  350  (1863). 
Anser  sineii^ic,  Stlat.   P.  7..  S.   1863,  p.  2:J4  ;  Ibiinu-.   Ilk,,  d.  Zool. 


17.  rni[,*c 


109 


nddish  brown.  Total  lengtb  about  36  inohea,  wiug  17-5,  tail  7, 
bill  »'3,  tarsDS  29. 

FfinaU.  Similar  to  the  male. 

la  tho  domesticated  state  this  Qiwse  has  tbe  bill  red,  much  shorter, 
kod  with  a  largo  frontal  knob. 

Sah,  fireeds  in  Eastern  Siberia  and  winters  in  China  ;  apparently 
rwident  in  Japan  :  baa  been  recorded  from  the  Eurile  Islands. 


Ajnoorlaad,  April  (Bruldr). 
Shanahfti.    March,   Not.  {Jl. 

SiciiiAiif) . 
Shanghai,  Nov.  (£.  SaiinAoe}. 

Yokuhams,  Japan  {Oicttoa). 
Liph"oli,  Haiit«  (dom.  vox.}. 


H.  J.   Elwefi,   Era. 

[P-I 
Capt,  Blatdston  [P.]. 
Ziwl.  Garden. 


T.  Butler,  Esq.  [P.]. 
Eytoo  CoU. 


Hybrid  (J.  cjgnoiilea  idoinesliea)  X  Bernioln  eaundensia. 

iak.  Domestic  H.  J.  Elwes,  Esq. 

[P.], 


17.  FHHiACIE. 
Pliilacte,   Baanulrr,  Pr.   Ac.    Nat.   Sc.   Phiiad.   1870, 
p.  131 

Sanyf.  .Vorlh-east  Asia  and  Norlb-west  .America. 


1.  Philact«  cani^ca. 

I*  cunii^icu,  Sevtutianoff,  Nona  Acta  Ac.  St.  PeUrib.  liii.  p.  AJ6, 
L  %  (1800). 

ler  pktus,  Piill.  [nee  Bomtaterrt)  Zoogr.  Sou.-Aa.  ii.  p.  233 
'1T1  .■Tn-n.t.l,  uA.tV  (Itlll);  fkhUo.  HotuII.  Dierk.  i.  p.  438 
Is.-;  I;  SanUmk.  Vou.  of  the  K(ya.  ii.  p.  42  (Chuck  PeaiuBula) 
1--I  1 .   I-almht,  ai.  Intern.  Fuh.  Exh.  Land.,  Stcedcii,  Spre.  Cat. 

■r  oiuafflcus,  Brandt,  BuU.  Ac.  Sf.  Pft^tb.  i.  p.  37  (1830)  [  id. 
ttr.  et  Ifoa.  Anim.  Rm».  L  p.  7.  Ub.  1  ( ISaO) ;  SchUp.  Diercnl. 
t7Bwitbfia.  (1864);  id.  Mia.  P.-^.,  Anserex,  p.  116  (18U«); 
-  ",  .^6*.  Brfvt.  Fw.  iii.  p,  86  (IseO);  Oith.  Thet.  Om.i. 
78);  A!rto(.  P.  Z.  S.  im),  p.  601  ;  Braadl,  J.f.  0. 1891, 


;  Muntlux.  Bull.  Sof.  Acclim.  1SR6,  p.  ]6«. 
i.ra.  Bii.  Comiil.  Bend.  xUii.  p.  648,  n.  SO  (1850) ; 
.  N.'Am.   p.  788   fl8fi8);    id.   Cat.   N.  Am.   S.  n.  673 


(1659) ;  Miot,  lOuMtr.  Am.   B.  pi.  46  (1606} ;   Egt.  Syn.  Anal. 

p.  35(1869);   DaU  1^  Banmit.   Tr.   Chic.   Ac.  i.  p.  296  (1869); 

G.  S.  Gr.  ffand-litt,  iii.  u.  77,  n.  18692  (1871) ;  Omes,  Chedc-lUt, 

2nded.  p.  112,  n.  698  (1682)  ;  DaU,  NuUii  Amf.  Aleut.  Ul.  Un/O. 

Eastw.  p.  5  (1873);  Adamt,  Ibit,  1878,  p.  429  (Michftlasld) ; 

Hein.  Ik  Rchnw.  Norn.  Mia.  Iltat.  Om.  o.  343  (1890). 
PhilactecAuaRica,  Bannitt.  Pr.  Aead.FAilad.  1870,  p.  131 ;  Couet,  Key, 

p.  283,  f.  183(1872);  id.  Clitck-liU,  n.  ^•2{1873):  id. B.N.-Weit, 

p.  668  (1874) ;  Datl,  NoUt  Avif.  Aiail.  Id.  Wetf.  Unal.  p.  6  (1674) ; 

Couft,El!ioiesAff.Alai-ka,p.lS»{mr>);  Bidgic.   A'"m.  N.Am. 

B.  u.  698  (1882) ;  Eltha,  Man.   Seal  III.  p.  130  (1882);  Nelton, 

CniM  •  ConeiTi;  1881,  p.  M'>  (1883) ;  B.,  B.,  ^  R.  WaUr-BirOs  N. 

Am.  ii.  p.  477  with  fip'.  (1884) ;  Couet,  Key  S.  Am.  R.  2nd  ed. 

p.  680,  with  fig.  p.  088(1884);  Murdoch,  Exp.  to  Poiut  Barrow, 
,  117  (1885);  THmer,  Auk,  1885,  p.  158;  A.  0.  U.  Code  'if 
Tommd.  1^   Check-Iitt,  ?■  128,  n.  170  (1886);  RidffW.   .Ww.  JV^. 


p.  117   (1885);    Turner,  Auk.  1885,  p.   158;   A.  0.  U.  Code 
Nomend.  1^   Check-Iitt,  v.  128,  n.  170  (1886);  RidffW.   .Ww 

,  p.  118  (1887) ;   Turaer,  Ctmtr.  Nat.  Hitt.  Atadca,  p. 

;  Sl^n.  Fr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mia.  x.  p.  136  (Behring  I.)  (1887) 


Tumneend,   ibid.    p.   10«    (Humboldt  Bay,     California)    (1887); 

Ne/mn,  Nat.  Hist.  Coll.  in  Akaka,  p.  89,  pi.  W.  (1887) ;  Fannin, 

Auk,  \m%  p.  76  (Vancouver  I.). 
Chen  canagica,  A'etrf.  Enc.  Brit.  9th  ed.  i.  p.  778  (1871>) ;  id.   Diet. 

0/ .B.  p.  374  (pi.  2,  1H1I3). 
Adtdt.  Head  and  napo  white,  the  former  frequeatlj  staiued, 
espeoiallj-  anteriorly,  with  rusty  ororaugc  rufous  ;  throat  aud  neok, 
frontally  aud  laterally,  brownish  black  or  duaky  greyish  brown  ; 
tail  alaty  black,  and  while  on  l«rminal  half;  prevailing  coloor  of 
reet  of  plumage  bluish  ash,  each  feather  variegated  by  a  narrow 
tarmiual  bar  of  whit«  and  a  broader  subtermiaal  crescoDt--shaped 
one  of  black,  these  markings  nearly  obsolete  on  abdomen  and 
oriaanm ;  greater  coverts  and  secondaries  slate-black,  conspicnoaelj 
margined  with  white ;  anterior  lesser  covert*,  iirimaries  and 
■   manJiblo  durk   I 


18.    BRANTA.  Ill 

c-f.  <5  ?  ad.  et  (5     Yukon   Delta^   Alaska^  May,    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

imm.  ak.  June  {E,  W.  Nelson). 

Pfkfi,  2  ad.  etc^     St.  Michael's,  Alaska,   June,    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

juv.  ak.  Sept.  (K  W.  N,). 

k,  Imm.  ak.  Ugasnik,      Alaska    (C    L,      Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

McKay). 


18.  BEANTA. 

Type. 

Branta,  Scop.  Ann.  I.  Hist  ^at.  p.  67  (1/60) B.  bernicla. 

Bemicla,  Boicy  Isis,   1822,  pp.  563,  883;  Steph.  Gen. 

Zool.  xii.  2,  p.  4o  (1824)  {ex  Brisson,  Orn.  vi.  p.  3(X), 

1760). B.  bemicla. 

Leucopareia,  Bchnh.  Av.  Si/ttt.  Nat.  p.  ix  (1852) B.  leucopsis. 

Rufibrenta,  Bp.  Compt.  Rend,  xliii.  p.  648   (subgen.) 

(ia'>6) B.  ruficollis. 

Leucoblepharon,  Bairdj Birds ofN.  Am.  p.  763 (subgen.) 

(1858)  (nee  Leucoblepliara,  Lafr.  1840)   B.  canadensis. 

Brenthus,  iSundev.  Meth.  nat.  Av.  disp.  Tent.  p.  145 

(1873)  (nom.  emend,  ex  Aristot.)  (nee  Schonh.  1826). 
Ptocas,  Heine,  Nam.  Mus.  Hein,  Orn.  p.  342  (1890) 

(=  Rufibrenta). 

Range.  Palaearctic  and  Ncarctic  regions. 

Key  to  the  Species, 

No  chestnut  colour  on  the  breast. 
a'.  Upper  tail-coverts  normal,  confined  to  the 
Iwie  of  tlie  tail ;  head  partly  white, 
a".  Head  black,  with  a  somewhat  triangular 
white    patch    on    each     cheek,    usually 
confluent  on  throat ;  chest  brownish  like 
brea^t  and  belly. 
a".  Wing  more  than  14'50  inches. 

a*.  Lower    parts    fading    gradually    into    1  canflrfpy/5w,  p.  1 1 2. 

white  on  anal  region |  AMfcAi?wi(?),p.  114. 

A*.  Lower  parts  greyish  brown,  abruptly  [p.  115. 

defined  against  white  of  anal  region. .     occidentalis  (r), 
A"'.  Wing  not  more  than  14*50  inches,  usually 

less    minima,  p.  116. 

b".  Head   mostly   white ;     the   lores,   occiput, 

neck,  and  chest  black leucopsis,  p.  117. 

A*.  Upper  tail-covert8  very  long,  reachinjr  the  tip 
of  the  tail-feathers;  head  entirelv  black, 
c".  Sides  of  the  neck  with  two  patches  of  white 
streaks  on  each  side,  usually  not  meeting 
in  front;  lower  parts  greyish,  in  con- 
spicuous and  abrupt  contrast  with  black 
of  che.«»t ;  or  dark  brown,  but  sufiiciently 
defined  from  the  black  of  the  chest. . .  .      bemicla,  p.  110. 
d'.  The  white  patches  on  the  sides  of  the  neck 
constantly  meeting  in  front,  so  as  to  form 


a   broad   white  collar,   interrupted   only 
behiDd ;  breoat  aod  abdomen  dork  sootj 

brown  H^p'icatu,  p.  128. 

b.  Chest  and  a  patch  on  the  posterior  part  of  the 

sides  of  the  head  chestnut ruficoUi*,  p.  124. 

1 .  Branta  canadenaiB.* 

Canada  Gooae,  Bdw.  Birdt,  pi.  161 ;  LalA.  ^n.  iii.  S,  p.  400,  n.  14 

(1785). 
Aoser  ferus  canadenns,  Sdw.  op,  eit.  iii.  p.  246  (1750). 
Anser  canadensis  BvlveBtris,  Brits,  Orn.  vi.  p.  272,  pi.  xxvi.  (1760). 
Anas  canadensis,  Linn.  S.  N.   i.   p.  198,  d.  14  (1768) ;  Font.  PkU. 

Tratu.  btii.  p.  414  (1772) ;    Gm.   S.  N.  i.  p.  514,  n.  14  (1788) ; 

Lath.   l«d.   Om.  ii.  p.  838,  n.  17   (1790);    Witt.   Am.  Orn.  viii. 

p.  62,  pLG7.  f.  4(1814). 
tte  sauvage  du  Canada,  DAiAgjd.  PI.  Enl.  346. 
Oie  icravate,  Buff.  Hitt.  Nat.  OU.  ii.  p.  82  (1783), 
Anser  canadensis,  Bonn.  Enc.   Mith.  i.   p.  114,  pi.  32.  f.  2  (1790) ; 

VkUL  N.  D.  xxiii,  p.  335  (1818);  Bum.  Diet.   Sc.   Nat.  ixiv. 

p.  468   (1828) ;  Flem.  Br.  An   p.  128  (1828) :  Bp.   %n.   p.  377 

( 1828 ) ;  «W,  *  Rich.  F.  B.-Am.  li.  p.  468  (1831)  ;  Lfm.  Tr  d'Om. 
•6  (1831) ;  Beim.  Gard.  ^ Menag.  Zool.  Sue.  del.,  Bird*, 


p.  201  (1831);  A'w(.jtf<i«.u.p.349{1834);  Aud.  Orn.  Bi 
p.  1(1836),  T.  p.  607,  pi.  201  (1839);  Bp.  O^p.List,  p.6o  { 
Eyt.  Man.  Anal.  p.  »5  (1838) ;  Aud.  J^^n.  p.  270  (1S39) ;  K.  ^ 


1  (1836),  T.  p.  607, pi.  201  (1839) ;  Bp.  Gmip.Liit,  p. 65  (1838); 
_j(.  Mtm.  Anat.  p.  »5  (1838) ;  Avd.  J^.  p.  270  (1S39) ;  K.  ^  B. 
mrbeltJi.  Bur.  pp.  luxii,  223  (1840) ;  Aud.  B.  Am.  vi.  p.  178, 
•  "• LfF      "  " *■  ' 


pL  370(1843)  :  hcfi'ay,  A^.  Y.  ifco/.  ii.  p.  348(1844);  Gir.B.Txmg 
IiLp.  289(1844);  Gmse,  B.  Jam.  p.  408  (1847) ;  Baird,  StamburyU 
SUp.  p.  321  (1852)  :  Wied,  J.f.  O.  18-JO,  p.  184  ;  Schleg.  Mu». 
P.-B.,AneereB,p.l06(1866);  ^(.  ^,  .4naf.  p, 44 (1869) ;  Gieb. 
The*.  Orn.  i.  p.  369  (1872). 
Cygnua  canadensis,  St^h.  Gen.  Zool.  xii.  2,  p.  19  (1824) ;  Jen.  l^aa. 
p.  227  ( iKii'i) ;  Ei)t.  Cm.  Br.  Bird;  p.  ti.j  (18.'5ti|. 


IS.  BuuriA. 


113 


Ae.  Philad.  1861,  p.  238 ;  Smb.  Cunad.  h'at.  \m-2,  p.  162 ;  Himd 
Sff,.  p.  175  (1862) ;  I  err.  Pr.  JBsa.  Intl.  iii.  p.  153  (1862) ;  Boardm. 
Pr.  Bout.  Soe.  iv.  p.  139  (1862)  ;  BlakM.  IbU,  1862,  p.  9,  1863. 
p.  Ul ;  ReiaA.  Fid.  Med.  t.  1864  (1805)  p.  240  (Diaco) ;  JtfarcA, 
TV.  .4c.  PAilad.  1864,  p.  70  (Jamaica) ;  J3oj/.  WntfAi.  Bep.  1864, 
p.  438  (MiMonri):  I)rai.  Ibi»,  1806,  p.  43;  Omei,  Pr.  A^ 
nUad.  186B,  p.  flS;  iowr.  Arm.  Lye.  N.  T.  viii.  p.  296  (1866)  ; 
Omra,  Pr.  E-.  Iiut.  vi.  p.  208  (1868) :  Hiiiekt,  P.  Z.  S,  1808. 
p.  21 1 ;  Broien,  Ibit,  1868,  p.  425  (A'ancouver  I»l.) ;  Dull  4>  Batm. 
Tr.  Otic.  Ac.  i.  p.  296  (Alaaku)  (1869);  Steti.  U.S.  Ofol.  Suit. 
Terr.  1870,  p.  4fi6  (Wyoming);  Coma,  Pr.  Ae.  Philad.  1871, 
p.  33  (N.  Oarolinn) ;  Garrod,  P.  Z.  S.  1873,  p.  467  (two  CMOtids), 
p.  639  (muscles):  *tDW,  A  A'a»*M,p.  11  (1873);  Sctoi,  .J-  Sato. 
Xmi^cL  Ac.  Xeotrop.  p.  128,  n.  1  (1873) ;  iVd.  P.  Z.  S.  1876, 
p.  .■)62  (pMt  ?}  i  Sclmadt,  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  317  ;  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S. 
18S0,  p.  602;  Ridgw.  Nom.  N.  Arn.  S.  11.694  (1881);  Giuei, 
CAirk^ttl,  2nd  ed.  p.  113,  n.  703  (1882)  i  Sdar.  Liit  Vrrt.  An. 
8th  ed.  p.  410  (J883);  B.  O.  U.  Liif  Br.  B.  p.  118  (1683); 
Bta^,  Auk,  i.  pp.  300-313  (SewfoundUnd)  (1884) ;  B.,  B.,  ^  R. 
Water-B.  N.  Am.  i  pp.  455,  456,  467,  460  (1884) ;  Couet,  Kiy 
y.  Am.  B.  2nd  ed.  p.  B88,  n.  702  (18»4) ;  Smmd.  htrrflii  Hitl. 
Br.  B.  iv.  p.  205  (1884-86) ;  Monti.  Buli.  Soc.  Aecl  1886,  p.  140, 
%  p.  141 ;  Next.  Diet.  t^B.p.  376  (pi.  2,  1893). 

pniiopaie  cansdensis,  Brmdt,  Iktcr.  rt  Ic.  An.  Bott.  Nob.,  Ave»,  \. 
1.5  (1836) ;  Bp.  Cat  «rf.  Vec.  Rir.  p.  69.  u,  416  (1842) ;  G.  R. 
**r.  LiU  B.  Brit.  Mu*.  iii.  p.  130  (1844). 

t  pMvipM.  Com.  Pr.Ae.  Philad.  1852,  p.  187  (Vera  Crui); 
(  V.S.  Erpl.  Erped.,  Mamm.  j-  Om.  p.  83«  (1868). 

niela  (LeucoblepLamii)  canadeusia,  Baird,  B.  Ji.  Am.  p.  xlix 

(1858). 

f  Upmicla  leueoleeraa.  Murr.  Edinb.  New  PhU.  Joum.  ix.  p,  228 
(»»r.)(1850). 

t  Boniela  bamstoni.  Sou,  Caitad.  Nat.  vii.  p.  152  (var.)  (April  1862)  i 
U.  Nat.  Ui*t.  Rer.  (2)  ii.  p.  28  (1862) ;  Bloki»t.  ««,  1863, 
§143 ;  B.,  B.,  ^  R.  Waler-B.  N.  Am.  i.  p.  460  (1884). 
Jb  cuadensiA,  Bcmn.  Pr.  Ae.  Philad.  1870,  p.  131 :  Couet,  K^, 
FS83,  e  186a  (1872);  id.  Chfck^tia,  a.  485  (1873);  id.  B. 
W.-  Wnt,  p.  564  (1874)  ;  AUm.  Bull.  Nutt.  Om.  Club,  i.  p,  H> 
flSTfl);  ff.  n'-.  EUioU,  Mon.  &al  Id.  p.  130  (1881);  A.  O.  U. 
Cade  of  Nomenel.  ^  Ch^k-Utl,  p.  126,  n.  172  (1880) ;  Rid^. 
Mm.  N.Afn.B.  p.  117,  D-172  (1887);  Macfarl.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat. 
Mtu.  at.  p  424  (Mdckeime  Basin)  (1801);  SaHert,  Eat. 
foffrUamnl.  ■0.2-27,  a.Smi  (1801);  Hatch,  B.  of  Mmna.  p.  77 
(1893) ;  MacKay.  Aidi,  1894,  p.  226,  1806,  p.  77  l^UaJwacbiu^tU). 

LaDGoblepkaron  c&iiadunee,  O.  S.  Gr.  Sartd4igt,  iii.  p.  76,  n.  10578 
(1871)  J  Sund.  MetK.  nat.  Av.  di^.  Tent.  p.  145  (1872) ;  H^>.  .J- 
Scinw.  Norn.  Mut.  Han.  Om.  p.  342  (1890). 

Anasi  (Breniliua)  cooadenmB,  B^nw.  Om.  Osntralbl.  1682,  p.  37 ; 
»i  n^.  tool.  QUrt.-p.  m  (1882). 

Adtdt.    Uend  and  ncnrl}'  oil  ttie  neck  black ;  chin  and  throat 

,  cxtAndiog  upwards  on  tho  cheeks  and  endiag  in  a  point 

bind  the  oar-coveitB  :  back,  wing-coverts,  aecondories,  and  terliab 

I,  tlie  feathers,  except  those  of  the  back,  with  lighter-ootoured 

ytWrnp  bl&ck;  upper  tail-corerts  white;  lower  part  of  the 

t  white,  bat  rarely   dtatinct;    breaat  and  belly  pale 


^24  iSAmSi 

brawn,  graAntHj  fading  into  the  vHte  of  the  vent  and  under  tail- 
«OTertB ;  primariea  and  tail-feathers  black :  bill  black  ;  irides  daric 
brown ;  l^p,  toM,  and  membranes  dark  lead-oolonr,  almoat  black. 
Total  length  41-42  inches,  wing  15-60-21,  oolmen  1-55-2-70, 
taiBia  2-45-3-70.    (Sidffway.) 

Female.  Similar  to  the  male,  but  smaller. 

TouHff  are  mnch  smaller,  and  have  the  white  feathers  of  the 
cheeks  edged  with  black, 

Bab.  Temperate  North  America,  breeding  In  the  Northern 
United  States  and  BritJeh  territory,  migmtiDg  in  winter  southwards 
toUexico. 

2.  Broata  hutchinai. 

Aneer  csnadensii,  FbU.  Inee  Zmn.)  Zoogr.  SatK-Ai.  ii.  p.  330 
(AleDtiBH  laUnds]  (l^^l)- 

AnM  beraicla,  var.  ^j  RieA.  App.  Parry't  2nd  Voy.  p.  368  ^182S). 

Anser  hutchinsii,  Bteh.  in  Sid.  S(  iUcA.  jFimn.  Bor.-Am.  ii.  p.  470 
(1831)  1  Xua.  Man.  ii.  p.  363  (1834) ;  Aud.  Om.  Biogr.  iil.  p.  236, 
pi.  277  (1836) i  Bp.Omp. Lot, p. &G  (18S8) ;  £W.  Man.  Anat.  p.  9S 
(1836) ;  Aud.  Syn.  p.  271  (1638)  ;  id.  B.  Am.  vi.  p.  198,  pi.  377 
(1843) ;  Liad.  Am.  Joam.  xHv.  p.  S49  (Connecticut)  (l84S) ; 
Oiraud,  B.  Lang  I.  p.  393  (1844) ;  Ftaie,  V£.  Expl  Expied.  viii. 
sp.  IfiS  (1848) ;  Schdt.  Ac.  Si/a.  Nat.,  NatatoieB,  Novitia,  t.  104. 
f.  3773  (ex  Audubonf)  (1850):  HarU.  Wiegm.  Ardk.  1852,  i. 
p.  132;  Bp.  Cofitpl.  Bend,  iixviii.  p.  664  (Califomia)  (1863) ;  id. 
Not.  Call  Deiattre,  p.  flS  (1864) ;  Putn.  Fr.  Eu.  Itut.  i.  p.  310 
(Massachusetts)  (1866) ;  Srhleg.  M«4.  P.-B.,  Anseres,  p.  105 
(Bleucopareins,  Brandt)  (Mexico)  (1866);  ^.  Syn.  Anat.  p.  43 
(1869) ;  Gi«b.  7%m.  Om.  i.  p.  371  (1673) ;  Sabh.  B.  Jigi.  Emp. 
p.  239  (1890). 

Anser  leucopareius,  Brandt,  Butt.  Se.  Ac.  Pittnb.  i.  p.  37  (Aleutians) 
{1886). 

If  (liomicla)  leucopareius,  Brandt,  HeKr.  et  Icon.  Anim.  Sots. 


18. 


116 


Jm.  pp.  B,  ai  (1884) :  Sound.  YarrtWs  Hi»t.  Brit.  B.  iv.  p.  908 

(1884^);  Montlfz.  Bull.  Sor.  Anl.\mb,-a.m,  Stwt.  Diet,  or 

B.  p.  37«  (pt.  3,  1883). 
Bemiclk  (Leucoblephamn)  hntchinaii,  Bnird,  B.   A'.   Am.  p,   xlix 

{1*581.  ^  '^ 

BruiU  hutchiniii,  £<inn.  iV.  At.  PhUad.  1870,  p.  131. 
I«umb1epharon  huUhiDsii,  G.  R.  Gr.  Hand-tat,  iij.  p.  76,  n.  1067S 

OK-l). 
Lt-ucoUephftron  leucoparwa,  (?.  Ji.  Gr.  Hand-litt,  lii.  p.  76,  n.  10580 

(1871). 
Bnata  canftdends,  var.  hutfihinsii,  Coiut,  Key  iV,  Am.  B.  p.  284, 

n.  4856  (1872) ;   Tunitr.  Auk,  1885,  p.  158. 
Anaei  (Bmntii)  cnnftdenMs,  var.  hutchindi,  Sidgvi.  Ann.  Lye.  N.Y. 

r.  p.388(niinoi8i  (1S74). 
Bnnta  canftdeneia.  c.  huicbinsii,  Com;  B.  N.-Wal.  p.  554  (1874). 
BernieU  leucopariA,  Blak.  ^  Fryer,  Ibu,  1878,  p.  213  (Japan) :  iid. 

Tr.  Ai.  Soe.  Jap.  viii.  p.  1S3  (1880). 
B^tiucIa  Mnftden«e  butcnin»ii,  Bitfym.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Miu.  JiL  p.  203 

<1880);  id.  Xom.  N.  Am.  B.  n.  594«  (1882);   CWa.  CTteck-litt, 

3aded.p.  172,a.  704(]«82). 
Aiuer  (Brenthu*)  hutchinai,  BeJinit.  Om.  Centraibl.  1882,  n.  37; 

id.  Vhg.  xool.  Gart.  p.  05  (1882). 
Braubi  leucoparets,  Stcjn.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Miu.  tiji.  70  (1883). 
Bemicla  canndenau,  y.  hulchinrai,  B.,  B.,  ^  B.  Water-B.  N.  Am.  i. 

pp.  455,  467,  468,  464  (1884). 
Beauts  eansdensU  hutchinai,  Sifjn.   Bull.  U.S.  Nat.  Mu».  no.  20, 

p.  147  (1885) ;  A.  O.  U.  CWfc  ufNimmei.  ^  OieBk-Iitt  N.  Am.  B. 

p,   127,  n.  172  a  (1386) :  Tamer,  0»Ur.   N.   H.  Alaska,  p.  13fl 

(1886) ;  Nehm,  Nat.  Sitt.  Coll  m  Alatika,  p.  84  (1887) ;  BidffK. 

Man.  JV.  Am.  S.  p.  117,  n.  172  a  (1887) ;  Swn.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat. 

Miu.  X.  p.  135  (Bering  I.)  (1887) ;  Shu/eldt,  A.  U.S.  Nat.  Mm. 

xi.  pp.  348-261,  ff.  27,  28,  29,  30  {osteoiogj)  (1988);  ?  Matfarl. 

Pr.   U.S.  Nat.  Mia.  xiv.  p.  434   (1891);  HaleA,  B.ef  Mima. 

p.  80  (1893). 

"  Sinilftr  to  B.  eanadftisit,  but  amaller  (wing  lumilly  lesa  than 
16'00  inchea;  culmcn  naadly  less  than  1-75).  Length  about 
25-<»-34-(iO,  wing  14-75-17'75,  culmen  1-20-1-90,  tarsas  2-25- 
8-20  "  (Ridffu>ay}. 

Hall.  "  Arctic  and  Subarctic  America ;  south  in  winter,  through 
United  Btat«ii,  chicflj'  vest  of  the  Alleghanies  ;  Norlli-eBStern  Asia 
(Jftpuu  to  East«m  Siberia)  "  (Suli/taai/). 


K  pp.  xlii,  76S 


3.  Branta  occidentalis. 
f  Iknicla  canadenBis,  Cati.  (»ee  Linn.)  U.S.  Expl.  Exptd.,  Mamm. 

^  Om.  p.  336  (1&58) ;  Sartt.  J./.  O.  1883,  p.  282  (Alaska). 
BtrnicU  leucopareia.  Baird  (nix  Brandt),  B.  N.  Am.  ] 

( 1858) ;  P  Nnt*.  Did.  of  B.  p.  376  (pt  2, 1893). 
Bmiicls  occideDlftlis,  Ba'trd,  oju  dt.  p.  706  (1858) ;  id.  Cat.  N.  Am. 

B.  n.  567  a   (18C9) ;  Smnd.    TarreO'f  Hitt.  Br.   B.  iv.  p.   298 

(1884-86):  EidffV!.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Max.  viii.  p.  22  fl885). 
Bfnucla  canBdeouB,  var.  occid^Dtalis,  Ho//  4"  Bonn.  Tr.  Chit.  Ae.  i. 

p.  206  (1800)  1  iaitr.  Mtm.  Bait.  Soc.  N.  H.  li.  p.  363  (Durango) 

tl874). 
BendcU  canadeoBis,  var.  lencopareia,  Coaet,  Xey,  p.  284  (1872). 
i2 


finnU  Cfmadeiuis,  6.  lencopsrdB,  p&rt^  Catui,  B.  K.-Wat,  p.  664 

(1874). 
BernicU  canadeiuia,  put.,  Selat.   8r  8alr.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  362 

(Dumogo,  Hezico). 
BenuclA  canadensis  occidentals,  Ridgie.  iV.  71.8.  Nat.  Mm.  iiL 
p.  208  (1880) ;  id.  Nom.  N.  Am.  £.  n.  fi94  c  (1881) ;   Oauet,  Eg^ 
N.  Am.  5.  2nd  ed.  p.  688,  n.  702a  (1884). 
BemicUcftnodensiBi^.ocddeDtalis,  £.,£.,  j- Ji.  Water-B.  N.  Am.\. 

p.  466  (1884). 
Bnmta  canadensis  occidentaliB,  Ridatii.  Pr.   U.S.  Nat,  Jlttu.  viu. 
p.  866  (1886)  i  A.  O.  U.  Codt  of  Nomen^  ^  Checkout  N.  Am.  B. 
p.  127,  a  172  b  (1886) ;  NeUon,  Nat.  Hilt.  CoU.  n  Alatka,  p.  66 
(1887) ;  Eidgw.  Man.  N.  Am.  B.  p.  117,  n.  172  6  (1887) ;  Maqfarl. 
Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mm.  liv.  p.  424  (1881). 
AduU.   "  Lower  parts  deep  greyisli  brown  or  browniali  f^y 
(often  not  conspicnoosly  paler  than  upper  parts),  abruptly  defined 
against  white  of  anal  region  ;  white  cheek-patches  nanally  separated 
hj  &  black  throat^tripe,  or  black  mottling  on  throat ;  white  collar 
Tonnd  lower  neck  asnallf  very  distinct  in  winter  plumage ;  tail- 
fetthers  usoally  18*00-20-00.     Total  length  about  35  inches,  wing 
16-25-18-00,  eulmen  1-40-1-65,  tarBOs  3-05-3-25.''     (Bidgway.) 
.   Bab.  "  North-west  coast  of  America;  north  to  Ktka;  aouUi  in 
winter  to  California"  (Sidgwa]/). 

(Branta  tanadentii ;  S.  hatehiiui;  B.  oeeiAntalit.) 
o,  (.  Ad.  St.        N.  America.  Purehaaed. 

0,  d.  Ad.  ak.        Brit.  Columbia  {J.  K.  Lord).         N.  America  Bonndary 
Oonus.  [P.]. 

e,  Ad.  sk.  IVaser  River,   Brit    Oolnmbia    N.  America  Boundary 

{J.  K.  L.).  Comm.  [P.l. 

f.  Ad.ak.  4eth  Parallel  (J.  J:  Z.). 


18.   BBAKU. 


117 


BracU  canadends,  rar.  leueopBTMS,  Qiut*  in  EUiot't  Affair*  to 
Almka,  p.  190  (1875)  {nee  Sfy,  1B72,  p,  2&1,  which^B.  occiden- 
lalis,  Baird) ;  Coua,  Cheek-Utt,  n.  48ofl  (1873). 
fienticln  canadenBis  leucopareis,  Bidgtc.  Norn.  y.  Am.  S.  n.  694  b 
(1881)  i  Coaet,  Checkrltit,  2nd  ed.  p.  112,  n.  703  (part.)  (1882)  : 
id.  Kfif  N.  Am.  B.  2nd  ed.  p.  689  (1884). 
Bermcbi  canHdensis,  A.  leucoporeia,  B.,B.,  Sf  R.  Water-B.  N.Am,  i, 

pp.-lot!,4-'>7,4Ji9(ld84). 
Branla  miaiiua,  Ridgw.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mia.  viji.  p.  23  (1886J. 
Bnmta  cHDideiiBis  niiniroa,  Kidgv:.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mus.  vili.  p.  S6S 
11885):    A.   0.   U.   Code  of  Nomenet.   J^  Check-list   N.  Am.  B. 
p.  127.  n.  172  c  (1886);  Totomatd,  Auk,   1887,  p.  12  (breeding; 
Kowak  R.,  N.  Alaaka) ;    Tuiwr,  Contr.  N.  H.  of  Alaika,  p.  138 
(1866) ;  Ndtm,  Nat.  Hitt.  Call,  in  Atatht,  p.  86  (1887) ;  Si^ 
Man.  N.  Am.  B.  p.  117  (1887). 
Beniicla  munrou,  Rothsch.  Ana.  S(  Mag.  N.  H.  (6)  I.  p.  108  (1892) 
{Kauai,  Swidwich  Islands)  {fype  exatttined=taaujan). 
Bimil'U'  to  B.  canaden^,  but  very  much  emaUer.     Lower  parta 
deep  greyish  brown  or  brownish  grey  (often  not  oonspicuoualy  paler 
tliAo  the  upper  parts),  abruptly  defined  against  white  of  anal  region ; 
the  feathers  of  the  nuderparts   have   paler  edges;    white  cheek- 
patches  nsnally  separated  by  a  black  stripe  of  spotting  on  the  throat, 
ftod  lower  part  of  neck  encircled  by  a  more  or  less  distinot  white 
cdlar;  tail-feathera  usually   14r-16.      Total   length  about  23-25 
inche*,  wing  13-60-14-50,  culmen  0-95-1 -15,  tarsuB  ii-40-2-75. 

Ball.  Pacific  coast  of  North  America,  breeding  chlefiy  about  the 
ahorea  of  Norton  Sound  and  the  Lower  Yukon,  but  extending  to 
Kut<ebue  Sound  and  along  the  Arctic  coast  to  the  vicinity  of  Point 
BttRow  ;  south  in  winter  to  California,  and  more  rarely  to  Upper 
HiwiMippi  Valley  (Wisconsin,  Sc);  it  strays  to  tho  Sandwioh 
Iilsads. 


m,k,e.  (J?  ad. 
•tpulLsk. 


St.  KGchaers,  Alaaks,  June,  Oct.    Salvin-Godnian  CoU. 

(£:   m  Nfhon). 
Eotttk,   mouth   of    Yukon   K.,     Salviu-OodmBn  Coll. 

Alnuka.  May  {E.  H'.  Nelton). 
5  ad-sk.        Grey's    Harbour,     Washington    Salrin-Godmsn  Coll. 

Teraiory,  Dec.  {Iknihawj. 

5.  Branta  leucopsifl. 
The  Bamaclo  or  Bemacle  Goose. 
BCTnicls.  Briu.  Or...  TJ.  p.  300  (1760). 
Bemicla  minor,  Britt.  ™.  eil.  a.  302  (1760)  (juv.). 
jXnna  bsmkU,  part.,  Unn.  S.  N.  i.  p.  108,  n.  13  (1760). 
*■  Auaa  hrota,  O.  F.  Mall.  Zool.  Dan.  P.odr.  p.  H  (1770). 
Ueruache,  IfAubent.  Pt.  Bal.  855;  Buff.  Hitt.  Nat.  Ou,  ix.  p.  S3 

(1783). 
Anu  BtTthropui,  Gm.  (nee  Linn.)  S.  N.  i.  2,  p.  fll2,  n.  11  (1788) ; 

tath.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  848,  n.  31  (1790). 
Abm  ervthropHS,  3,  Lath.  Ind.  Orn.  ii.  p.  844  (1790). 
Anseremhropua,  Bonn.  (nrcLimi.)  Ene.  Milk.  i.p.  120, n.  28  (1790) ; 

Zf».  Alan.  d'On.  u.  p.  406  (1828) ;  Deal.  On.  Eur.  ii.  p.  402;(1B49). 
Anu  leucopns,  Bedul.    Om.   Tatcheni.  ii.  p.  424  (1803);  Ttmm. 

Man.  p.  631  (1815) ;  td.  op.  at.  2Dd  ed.  ii.  p.  B23  (1820). 


AiiMr  leucOTWe,  SackU.  Oem.  Nattm.  DtuUdd.  3nd  ed.  it.  p.  931 
(1809) ;  rteOl.  N.  D.  xxiii.  p.  329  {1818} ;  Dtmoid,  Diet.  8c.  Nat, 
—  „™-,     „      „  y^j  (1828);  Zeit.  Tr.  fOm. 

..  p.  356  (1834) ;  Jm.  Mm, 
.  p.  609,  pi.  296  (1835) ;  id. 
Afo.  p.  271  (1639) ;  Bp.  Camp.  Lut,  p.  50  (1838) ;  Eyt.  Mm, 
Anat.  p.  86  (1838) ;  Xa/i.  ^  Blai.  WirMlA.  Eur.  pp.  Ixaxiii,  224 
(1840) ;  JVoum.  rdg.  BeutMchl.  a.  p.  378,  Taf.  291  (1842)  ;  Aud. 
B.  Am.  Ti.  p.  200,  pi.  378  (184S) ;  SehUg.  Bev.  Cril.  p.  11  (1844) ; 
Middaid.  Reu.  Sanr.  a.  2,  ■p.  228  [Sihetia?)  (1861);  WaOtiiffr, 
Kaummmia,  1864,  p.  268  (Scandinavia) ;  nortU,  Bidr.  Spitib. 
Moliuskf.  p.  60  (1869) ;  Blae.  tn  Nmm.  Vog.  DeuttcAl.  niL  2, 
p.  296  (1863);  Maimm:  <E/v.  K.  Va.-Ak.  Fork.  1863,  p.  106; 
hmnh.  P.  Z.  S.  1863,  p.  323  (ex  Midd.) ;  Schkg.  Mtu.  P.-B., 
Anwrea,  p.  104  (1666) ;  Lttwr.  Am.  Nat.  t.  p.  10  (1871) ;  OiA. 
The*.  Om.  i.  p.  372  (1872) ;  Nordenik.  Voy.  V^a,  i.  p.  126  (1881) 
(Spitabergen  &  NoTua  Zemlia) ;  Seebh.  Eiit.  Br.  S.  iii.  p.  C12, 
pi.  60  (egg)  (1885). 

Aaser  bemicU,  PaU.  {nee  Lirm.)  Zoogr.  Ro»to-A».  it.  p.  230  (1811) ; 
ieoeA,  Cat.  p.  37  (1816) ;  FUm.  Bnt.  An.  p.  127  (1828). 

Bernicla  leucopus,  Bote,  Itit,  1822,  p.  S63;  JSinip,  Sac  Ent.  aa: 
Thierw.  p.  25  (1829) ;  Brehm,  Handb.  Vog.  DeutmU.  p.  847  (1831) ; 
Eyt.  Cat.  Br.  Bj.  62  (1636) ;  MacgiJln.  Man.  ii.  p.  160  (1842); 
Bp.  Cat.  Met.  Uee.  Eur.  p.  70,  n,  424  (1842) ;  HarU.  Suit.  Ven. 
Get.  MtiM.  p.  117  (1844)  ;  O.  R.  Gr.  lAtt  B.  Brit.  Mtu.  ui.  p.  128 
(1844) ;  id.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  607,  n.  2  (1844) ;  Bchnb.  Sjf«.  Av., 
Natetorea,  t.  97.  S.  230-231  (1846);  Bp.  Compt.  Said.  iliu. 
p.  648,  n.  31  (1866) ;  Baird,  B.  N.  Am.  p.  768  (1868) ;  id  Cat. 
N.  Am.  B.  n.  572  (1859) ;  id.  Am.  Nat.  ii.  p.  49  (Hudson  Bay) ; 
Beinh.  Jhit,  1861,  p.  12  (Oreenland) ;  G.  B.  Or.  Litt  Br.  B. 
p.  184  (1863);  Mahngr.  <^.  K.  Vet.-Ak.  Fork.  1864,  p.  89S; 
JievH.  lbi»,  1865,  p.  513;  Degl.  ^  Gerbe.  Om.  Eur.  ii.  p.  488 
■""57);  -Ey/.  V-  -^no'-p-  33  (1869);  Mnlmgr.  IbU,  1SC9,  p.  230 
itsberBen)  ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1869,  p.  629  (breediDg);  Malmgr. 
f.    O.    1670,   p.   303;   FriUck,   Vog.   Eur.  p.   401,   Taf.  145. 


IS.   BUItlA. 


u» 


Branta  leocopua,  Bann.  Pr.  Ae.  PhUad.  1671,  p.  131 ;  Q»it»,  Key, 

p.  283  (KffS)!  id.  Oieek-Iui,  n.  483  (1873)!   id.  B.  N.-We»t, 

p,  568  (1ST4)  i  B.,  B.,  ^  R.    Water-B.  N.  Am.  i.  p.  474  (1884) ; 

SalBod.  El.  Uee.  Ital.  p.  363,  n.  351  (lUlrt  (1886) ;  Sidgw.  Man. 

JV.  Avt.  B.  p.  117,  n.  175  (1887) ;  Schnw.  J./.  0. 1890.  p.  81 ;  iJu*. 

Fawi.    Verl.   Bdg.,  Oil.  a.  p.  385,  pi.  242  (1891);  HarUrt,  Sal. 

VogrUamml.  p.  227,  u.  3367  (1881). 
.\Dser  (BreaLhue)  leucopsis,  Bdinw.   Om.   CfntraOtl.   1882,  p.  37; 

id.  I'dg.  toU.  Gdrt.  p.  66  (1832). 

Adtdt  male.  Forehead,  cheeks,  and  ctiia  white ;  a  streak  from  the 
b««k  to  the  eye,  top  of  the  head,  nape,  all  the  neck,  and  iater- 
acftpulais  bUok ;  rump  bluish  black ;  upper  tail-coverts  white ; 
bnttst  and  belly  grayish  white :  venl  and  under  tail-coverts  pure 
white ;  flanks  and  thighs  tinged  with  grey  in  bars ;  scapulars, 
wing-coverts,  and  tertiale  lavender-grey,  tipped  with  a  crescent  of 
blnieh  black,  and  an  extreme  edge  of  white ;  pritQBries  and  tail- 
feathers  almost  block  :  bill,  legs,  toes,  membranes,  and  claws  black ; 
iridea  dark  brown.  Total  length  25'5-28  inches,  wing  16,  tail  5'5, 
cnlmen  1-37,  tarsus  2-'A. 

FemaU.  A  little  smaller  than  the  mole. 

Yotaig.  The  whit«  of  the  cheeks  varied  with  black  feathera  ;  the 
ends  of  the  feathers  on  the  back  and  of  the  wing-covert«  tinged 
with  rufous  ;  the  flanks  barred  with  darker  grey,  and  the  legs  less 
black  than  in  the  adults. 

I  have  seen  on  the  waters  of  Battersea  Park,  in  London,  a 
liring  hybrid  between  this  speeice  and  some  kind  of  Goose  (?);  it 
has  the  K'hite  on  the  heail  much  more  extended,  the  legs  yellow, 
and  the  general  colouring  paler  brown  than  in  B.  leueopng. 

Ball.  Greenland,  Iceluud,  Spitsbergen,  and  Navaia  Zemlia,  where 
}trobal>ly  it  breeds ;  passes  on  migration  iilong  the  shores  of  Scan- 
dinavia to  winter  in  the  Baltic,  and  on  the  coasts  of  Denmark, 
Holland.  England,  and  Northern  France ;  seldom  straggling  to 
Ci'Dtral  and  Southern  Europe ;  casually 
Koftfa  America. 


Ad.  St. 

..   Plili  St 
/k.  <J  2  ad.  sk. 

k  S  ad.  skeleton. 
*,  Z  Skeletons. 


6.  Branta  hernicla. 
Bmt-Oouse. 

Aiwer  tonuatus,  Friich,  fiiff.  DeuUdd.  ii.  Taf.  1<J0. 
BreoU,  BriM.  Ont.  vi.  p.  304,  pi.  xxu,  CI760), 
Abu  beniicU,  Linn.  S.  iV.  i,  p.  108,  n.  13  (p8rt.)(]7efl) ;  Om.  S.  N. 

L  2,  p.  613,  n.  13  (1788) ;  ZalJi.  Ind.  Ont.  a.  p.  844,  n.  32  (1790) ; 

Brcht.  Om.  T(ucht«h.  ii.  p.  424,  n.  11  (1803) ;    WO*.  Am.   Om. 

viii.  pi.  72.  f.  1  (1^14)  i  Temm.  Man.  d'Om.  p.  631  (1815) ;  id. 

«.  nf.  3nd  ed.  ii.  p.  824  (1820);  iScoreibi/,  Ace.  Arct.  Brg.  i. 

p.  637  (1S20) ;  Rant.  EU  di  Zool.  iii.  9,  p.  01  ()63Q) ;   Wtmtr, 


1  the  Atlantic  ooast  of 


Great  Britain. 
Cumbertoad. 
Devonshire. 

Holland. 
Holland. 

!»urchased. 

Col.  Montagu  GoU. 

Purchased. 

H.  J,  ISke,  Esq.  [P.l 

H.  J.  HkB,  Esq.  [P.J- 

England. 

J.  Hay,  Esq.  [P.]. 

Atlas,  PalmipMes,  pi.  33  (1628) ;  Sou,  in  Parry'*  Narr.,  App. 

p.  196  (1628) ;  XeM.  jlf<iii.  d^Om.  ii.  p.  40S  (1838) ;  id.  Tr.  d'Om. 

p.  627,  n.  8  (1881). 
Kranta  beniicU,  Soim.  Arm.  I.  H.  N.   p.  67,  n.  84  (1760) ;  Bonn. 

Pf.  Ae.  Pkiiad.  1870,  p.  131  ;  O.  R   Gr.  Hand4iU,  m.  p.  7«. 

n.   10676   (1871)  ;    Couet,   Key,  p.   284   (1872) ;   id.    Chedi-Utt, 

n.  484  (1873) ;  id.  B.  S.-  Wat,  p.  666  (1874) ;  A.  O.  U.  Code  <•/ 

Jfommel.    ^    Cheeh-liit   N.    Am.   B.    p.   127,    it.    173    (1886)  ; 

Salvad.  El.   Uce.  Ilal.  p.  263,  n.  362  (1886) ;  JfUhnw.  J.f.  0. 1890, 

p.  61 ;  Harftrt,  KaL    VogrUamml.  p.  227  (1891) ;  Hateh,  B.  of 

Minuet,  p.  61  (1892)  ;  MaeKmf,  AtJc,  1894,  p.  224  (Musk^st  I.). 
AnM  brenU,  Tumi.  Om,  Brit.  p.  4  (1771). 
Oca  eolombaccio,  Gerini,  Star,  degli  Ucc.  v.  TaS.  682  (1776). 
CraTant,  D'Aubent.  PI.  EaL  342;  Buf.  Bi»t.  Kat.  Oit.  ix.  p.  87 

(1783). 
Brent  Ooo«e,  Laa.  S^/n.  iii.  2,  p.  467,  n.  27  (1786). 
Aiuer  beniicla,  Bonn.  Ene.  Mith.  i.  p.  121,  pi.  32.  f.  4  (1790) ;  Ilt^. 

Prodr.  p,  277  (J811);  Bp.  Aim.  iyc  JV.  F.  p.  378  (1826);  id. 

Syn.  p.  378  (1828) ;  Sw.  |  JHch.  Faun.  B.-A.  u.  p.  469  (1631)  ; 

Savi,  Om.  Tote.  iii.  p.  180  (1831) ;  Ntdi.  Man.  ii.  p.  369  (1834) ; 

Sw.  Clou.  B.  ii.  p.  366(1837);  And.  Om.  Biogr.  v.  p.  610,  pi.  391 

(1839);  id.  Syn.  p.  272  (1839);  Seiyi-L.  Faun.  Belp.  i.  p.  139 

(1642) ;  Aud.  B.  Am.  vi.  p.  203,  pi.  370  (1843) ;  SdiUg.  Btv. 

OA.  p. ex  (1844);  G^uJ,B.i;<»t^J.p.293(1844);  DfKay,  S.r. 

ZooL  p.  351  (1644) ;  Dtgl.   Om.  £ur.  ii.  p.  404  (]849) ;  f  MOd. 

Beit.  O.-mir.  p.  228,  Taf.  ui.  f.  1  (pullua)  (1851)  (Taimjr  River. 

Boganida,  breeding) ;  Wallenffr.  Naumannia,  1854,  p.  209  (Scandi- 

navia) ;  MOIL  J.f.  O.  1866,  p.  231  (PrOTanco)  ;  Putn.  Pr.  Em. 

Ittit.  1.  p.  219  (1866) ;  &hUg.  Vog.  Nederl.  pi.  286  (1858) ;  Thordl, 

Bidr.  Spittb.  Mottuikf.  p.  60  (1859) ;  Maimffr.  (Fft.  K.  Vet.-Ak. 

Fork.  1863,   p.  106;    id.  J.  f.   0.  1863,   p.   377   (Spitsbergen); 

ScAUg.  Mui.  P.-B.,  Anseres,  p.  105  (part.)  (1866) ;  DrosU,  Voffelw. 

Nwdteeint.  Borkum,  p.  287  (1869) ;  Qieb.   TAa.   Om.  i,  p.  368 

(part.)  (1872). 
'     18  monachua,  Beieke  {«te  Scop.),  Vbg.  Eurl.  \ 


15.  BSAirri, 


121 


Or.  Zitt  Oen.  B.  p.  73  (1 840) :  Bp.  Qit.  Met.  U<x.  Eur.  p.  70,  n.  425 
{18*2);  G.R.Gr.LittB.  Brit.  Mv».ai.p.l2».»i<f€im.'i,b(l»U); 
iii.  6<m.  B.  iii.  p.  607,  n.  1  (1844) :  HaHl.  Suit.  Ven.  Gei.  Mvs.  p.  117 
(1»U);  Bduib.  S(m.^r.,  Nitlatoies,  t.  ($7.  ff.  S28~S0  (1845):  id. 
Ae.&iiit.SaU^.ix(\^2)%  W'worfA.  Si^.&j..  p.  103  (1h53);  J5p. 
L\mpt.  Rmd.  xliii.  p.  648,  n.  33  (1856) ;  Baird,  B.  N.  Am,  p.  767 
(1«8)  ;  id.  Cat.  N.  Am.  B.  a.  570  (1859J ;  Moan*  &  Sturge,  Ibis, 
1*59,  p.  167  (W.  SpEtsberfTBO) ;  Homeytr,  J.  f.  O.  1650,  p.  370; 
BantH.  I/>U,  1860,  p.  S65  (Hudson'*  Bfty) :  Walka-,  ibid.  pp.  166, 
167  (Omtiluid):  Sclat.  ibid.  p.  303  (ege)  ;  Bank.  Jbi»,  1H61, 
p.  1-J  (OreenUnd);  Som,  Omad.  Nat.  vii.  p.  162  (18Ci2):  id, 
Jfat.  Hilt.  Bev.  (3)  ii.  p.  287  (1862) ;  VrrriU,  Pr.  Em.  Intt. 
1882.  p.  163;  Blnkitt.  Ibit,  1803,  p.  145  ;  Attttm.  J.  f.  O.  1«03, 
p.  120;  DroiU,  J./.  O.  1864, p.  428(BorInim);  Mal»iffr.  (Eft.  K. 
»V^-vlA.KrA.1864,p.3M;iVp«rt.i/.«,1865,p.512{Spit»betwen); 
yialmgr.  J.f.  0.  Mm,  p.  209  (SpitebergeD);  DroiU,  aW.  p.»42; 
DrtM.  Ibi»,  1866,  p.  43  (Teiwi) ;  Lawr.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  t.  viU. 
p.  396  (1806) ;  Degl.  ^  Oerbe.  Om.  Eur.  U.  p.  48»  f  1867) ;  Dro^, 
J.  /.  O.  1967,  pp.  65,  8fl;  TVwfr.  Ibii,  1888,  p.  328  (PaleBtine) ; 
ft««,  iV,  Ea.  JmU  vl  p.  298  (1868) ;  GilUtt,  Ibii,  1870,  p.  308 
(SovBva  Zeiulva) ;  FrUi^,  Nt^un/.  Fog.  Eur.  p.  402,  Taf.  45. 
t  2  (1870);   Malmj/r.  J.  f  "    "'^"'  ""' 


.  /  O.   1870,  pp,  287,  304 ;  Couet,  Fr. 

North  Carolina);  Hmgl.  J.f.  O.  1871, 

1S72,  p.  63  (NovajaZetnlin)  ;  SluH. 

.„    ,  .  '"gl.  J.f.  O.  1872,  p.  120  (Noyaja 

,);  Garrad,  P.  Z.  S.  1878.  p.  638,  f.  5!(mQ8cle») ;  Gmdd, 


Ae.  Fhilad.  1871,  p.  36  (North  Carolina);  ffeugl.  J.f.  O.  1871, 

S104  tSpitubergen) :  W.  Ibii,  1872,  p.  63  (NovajaZetnlio)  ; 
.  ofEmpt.  p.  281  (1872) ;  ffeugl.  J.f  O.  1872,  p.  120  (K 
Zeiidia)-.  r        ■    -  "  "  ■— ~        - " 


.  1290 


H  B.   Or.  Brit.  v.  pL  7  (1673) ;  Jteiigl.  Om.  If.'O.-Afr.  ii. 

■  (1873) :  Bfstli,  Bull.  Soe.  Oeogr.  March  1875 ;  i)reu.  o.  aur. 
H  Ti.  p.  38B,  pi.  415.  {.  2  (pto.  83,  04.  1877) ;  Frtld.  P.  Z.  S.  1877, 
^m  p.  32  (brr«diiiff,  Polu  IBaain);  id.  B>is,  1877.  p.  412;  Sekmiilt, 

■  >.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  317;  Sciat.  P.  Z  S.  1880,  p.  502;  Ridgw.  Norn. 

■  A'.  Am.  B.  n.  5B5  (1881):  Amte.  P.  Z.  S.  1882.  p.  65-2  (Fmnx- 
H  Jowf  Land):  Court.  CAeck-liH,  2nd  ed.  p.  112,  n.  700  (1882); 

I  "^ 

■  iv' 

■  w 
■ 

■  Bei 

I  "^ 

L 


Br.  B.  p.  117  (1883);  St^at.  Lxtt  Vrrt.  An.  8th  ed.  p.  419  (1883) ; 

Comet,  Kiy  N.  Am.  B.  2nd  ed.  p.  687,  %.  p.  666,  n.  7()0  (1684) ;  B., 

S.,ifB.  Watfr-B.  N.  Am.lv- 467  (imj:  Sound.  rarrelCi  Hid. 

Br.B.iv.v.2'Mlli<>ii~S6)iBrdd.P.Z.S.  1885,  p.  843  (anatomy); 

.Vontlm.  Bull.   S-x-Atel.  1886,  p.  134  (fig.  p.  135);  Trittr.  <M. 

Catf.^.  p.  54(1889);  Saiadtri,  Man.  Brit.  fiiriAi,  p.  339  (1890); 

RutfU,   Zool.  (2)  xiv.  pp.  63-69  (Ebscs)  (1890) ;  Payton,  /Mt, 

18»l,p.  21MJ(Miirocco). 
Bwniclii  n:l«uco|iaeler,  C.  L,  Brekm,  lint,  1830,  p.  BS>6(deacr.  nulla); 

id.  Jlandh.   Vog.  DndtcU.  p.  840  (1831);  id.   Naumannia,  1S5S, 

p.  297. 
Demicla  micropus,  C.L.  Brrfim.  Itit,  1830,0.096;  id.  fog.  Dnitmhl. 

p.  8.1»(|8.11);  id.  h'autnanftia,  1865,  p.  297  (  =  vap.plBucofra*tet). 

cmiclA  I'lalvuros,  C.  L.Brehm,  Itit,  1830.  v.99Q:  id.  T'ag.  IkulteM. 

V.  S.V1  t  iml) ;  id.  Naumannia,  1856,  p.  297. 
IkrnicU  c'lltiriB,  C.  Z.  Brrkm,  Itit,  1830.  p,  096 ;  «l,  Vog.  DeutockL 
--    -     '      ■     --.56,p.  ^-(=v,       • 


p.  861  (1831);  id.  Naumannia.  18.56,  p.  207(=vnr.glaucoeBater). 
p«ips  MnegiU.  Man.  Br.  Om.  ii.  p   151  (1842) 
C.  L.  BrtAm,  rogrifang,  p.  368  (1655) ;  ii  Nauinan- 
97. 

glaucogaster,  Bp.  Cumpl.  Rend,  xliii,  p.  648, 

p.  145  (1872) 


a  pallida, 

,  18.M,  p.  2 

Bemicla  bivnta, 

n.  33  a  (1856). 

Btentbu*  b«nurta.  Sunrf. -VpM.   not.  Av,  dltp.   Tn 

Jlein.  Sf.  BeJinto.  Nam.  Miu.  Hein,  Om.  p.  342  ( 


Brauta  bemicU,  Bmgl.  Btit.  Nor^xtlarmeer,  iii.  p.  133  (1874). 

Anser  (Brenthus)  torqustus,  ScAnto.  Om.  CmttraOl.  1882,  p.  S7 ; 
id.  rag.  coot.  GSH.  p.  66  (1882). 

Anser  brenta  gUncoga^r,  Stebh.  Hid.  Br.  Bird*,  iii.  p.  606  (1886). 

BnuU  brenta,  IhOoit,  Faun.  Beig.,  Oim.  ii.  p.  3SS,  pi.  243  (Lin. 
143-162, 1862). 
Advlt  mdU.  He&d,  neck,  and  breast  sooty-blaok,  ahatply  defined 
from  the  brown-grey  ooloor  of  the  upper  and  onder  puts ;  two 
white  patches,  with  some  admixtnre  of  black,  on  the  sidea  of  the 
neck ;  romp  brown-black ;  upper  tail-coverts,  vent,  and  under  tail- 
corerta  white;  the  featheia  of  the  npper  and  under  parts  with 
somewhat  light«r  edgings,  quite  distinct  and  whitish  on  the  flanks ; 
quills  and  tail-feathers  browni^  black ;  under  wing-ooverts  brown- 
grey  :  bill  black ;  iiides  dark  brown ;  tarsus,  toes,  and  webs  black, 
with  an  olire-green  tinge  upon  the  tarsal  joint  and  the  upper 
surface  of  the  toes.  Total  lengUi  about  21  in<die8,  wing  13,  tail  S'6, 
onlmen  1-5,  taraus  2*1. 

FeniaU.  Similar  Xo  the  male,  but  a  little  smaller. 
Toang.  Paler  than  the  adults ;  no  white  patches  on  the  aides  of 
the  neck ;  the  dark  colour  of  the  upper  breast  scarcely  darker  than 
the  underparta ;  no  white  edgings  to  the  feathers  of  the  flanks ; 
wing-coverts  with  oonspicaoos  pale  edges,  almost  white  on  the 
median  and  greater  ones ;  seoondaries  with  white  tips. 

In  this  species  there  seem  to  be  two  forms — a  dark-bellied  one 
{B.  hemida),  which,  according  to  Mr.  Seebohm,  breeds  in  tbe 
Taimyr  peninsula,  Noraia  Zemlia,  Franz-Josef  Land,  and  8ints- 
beigen ;  and  a  light-bellied  one  (B.  glaueogatter),  which  lives  in 
Arctic  America,  from  the  west  coast  of  Greenland  as  far  west  as 
the  Parry  Islands.  I  would  have  kept  the  two  forms  separate  if 
it  were  not  liat  a  specimen  from  Noraia  Zemlia,  mentioned  below, 
belongs  to  the  light-bellied  form,  aad,  moreover,  this  bird  haa  the 


J.  Ad.  ct. 
.  $  aO-tk, 


'  DiscoTMT.' 
Dr.  lUe  fP.f. 
St.Patrick'aBay,Jaii.(C.flart).   Voy.    of    H.M.S. 

'  Disco ve^.' 
CromArtr  Bay,  Feb.  ( If.  E.  0.     O.  H.  Qnintin,  Esq. 

Oranl).  [P.J. 

Devonshire.  Col.  MonUgu  [P.l 

Seebohm  ColL 

._.__..  .  ,        .  ,      ......  Seebohm  Coll. 

.  Ad.  ale,  TU.*    Novaia  Zemlia,  June.  H.   W.  Feilden  fud 

n.  Brown  [C.]. 
«,p,f.  Stenu. 

h,  UDderparta  dark  grey  or  brown, 
r.  (f«d.ak.,TaT.«   Cookham,  Nov,  { IT.  £r^y«>       Tweeddale  GoU. 
s.  Ad.  sk.,  Tar.»    DeTonahire.  Col.  Montagu  [P.]. 

t,it.  Imm.ctjuv.    Maldou,  Essex  {Major  RusscU).    Seebohm.  CmU. 

7.  Bnmta  nigricanB. 
Anu  bernicla.  Prim.  i»tc  Linn,)  in  Cuok's   I'oj/.  Padf.  ii.  p.  368 

(KaiutKhatka)  [1TS4). 
Aiwer  brenla,  part.,  Pall.  Zortffr.  Eoito-At.  ii.  p.  229  {ex  Amenu) 

(1811)  i  ?  SmnA.  P.  Z.  S.  1803,  p,  323  (China). 
Anwr nigricBiiB,  Lawr.  Ann.  I^.  N.T.vr.  p.  171, pi.  lii.  (1846); 

Barti,  Naumaimia,  1662,  p.  2 ;    Stthh.  Hut.  Br.  B.  iii.  p.  508 

(]e«5)  ;  (A  B.  Jap.  £mp.j.  240  (1890). 
Bnvicla  usricaiia,  G.  E.  Gr.  Gen.  B.,  App.  p.  27  (1849) ;    C^. 

/tfwfr.  ^.  CW)/.  p.  52,  pi.  X.  (1863);   Bp.   Compl.  Bend,  xliii. 

p.  61S,  n,  34  (1866) ;  Baird,  B.  N.  Am.  p.  767  (1858) ;  id.  Cot. 

y.  Am.  B.  n.  671  (1859);  (hop.  Jj-  Suckl.  N.  H.   Waih.   Terr. 

p.  252  (1860) ;  Blakiit.  IbU,  1863,  p.  145 ;  Zairr.  Ann.  Luc.  iV.  Y. 

«ii.  p.  '29Q  (Long  Isl.)  (1867) ;  Brmat,  Ibu.  1868.  p.  435  (Vaii- 

eouver  1.) ;  Datl  ^  Banti.  Tr.  Chic.  Ae.  i.  p.  29-5  (.\laaka)  (1869)  j 

liaU.  Avif.  Aleut.  III.  Wat.  Unal.  p.  C  (1874) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880, 

p.  602;  Xehon,  BuIL   NuU.  On.  Club,  ri.  pp.  131-138   (1881); 

Xidgw.  Norn.  N.  Am.  B.  n.  596  (I&32) ;  Bean,  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mui. 

1882,  p.  166;  A'ei.  OwVe  '  Corvnti,'  p.  94  (1883);  SmM.  Urn, 

1884,  p.  ITo  (Japan) ;  3lttki»t.  Amend.  Liit  B.  Jap.  p.  3S  (1884) ; 

B..  B.,  4-  E.  Water-B.  JVi  Am.  i.  p.  471,  L  p.  472  (1884) ;  Sound. 

TarreWt  Jlitt.  Brit.  B.  iv.  p.  203  (1884-86)  ;  Murd.  Exped.   to 

iWnfBarroiD,  p.  117(1886);  MontL  Bull.  Soc.  Aixi.l%m,-D.\S7 ; 

Nrwt.  Diet.  ofB.  p.  375  (pt.  2,  1803). 
Anae  bsmida,  KitU.  (nee  Lmn.)  Denkw.  il.  p.  381  (1868). 
Ajwer  beraida,  part.,  SchUg.  Mu».  P.-B.,  Aneerea,  p.  103  (1866) ; 

Gift.  Thes.  Om.  i.  p.  360  (part.)  (1872). 
Brsnta  nigricans,  Bonn.  Pr.  Ae.  PkUad.  1870,  p.  131  ;  O.  R.  Gr. 

Bimd-lut,  iii.  p.  76,  n.  10570  (1871) ;  «^.  Bull.  U.S.  Nat.  Mut. 

no.  28,  p.  149  (1885)  ;  Turwr,  Contr.  N.  S.  Alaska,  p.  141  (1886) ; 

A.O.  U.  Codeo/Noau^  Cheek4itt,p.  128,  n.  174  (1886) ;  Eidgw. 

Man.  N.Am.  B.\>.  118,0.174(1887);  NtU.  Bep.  N.  U.  Coll.  in 

Alaika,  p.  87  (1887)  ;  Stejn.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mus.  x.  p.  135  (Bering  1.) 

(1887);  Maefitrl.  I'r.  U.S.  Nat.  Mu».  liv.  p,  424  (Liverpool  Bay 

and  Fmnkliu  Bay)  (1891);  Hatdt,  B.  of  Min>te>.  p.  Si  (\tm). 

*  Wbila  palohat  of  ths  nack  nearly  meeting  in  front. 


SnnU  bemicls,  var.  ninicaiu,  Oouea,  Keg,  p.  284,  £  184  A  (1873). 
Bntnta  bernick,  b.  nirncftiui,  Caaa,  B.  N.-  Wttt,  p.  567  (1874). 
BmucU  torauBta,  BkMil.  k  Pn/^  (f^  BeiAtt.),  Ibit,  1878,  «■  212 
-      (Japan)  ;  ad.  TV.  Ai.  Soc.  Jap.  viiL  p.  163  (1880),  x.  p.  06  (1683^. 
B«niicU  brebta  nigricuis,  Couf»,  CheckrKri:,  2dA  ed.  p.  112,  n.  701 

(1882)  i  id.  Kty  N.  Am.  B.  2Dd  ed.  p.  688,  n.  70,  f.  p..0d7  (1884)  ( 

Cory,  Auk,  i.  p.  96  (MaaeachuMtU)  (1384). 
'      Anser  (Brenthus)  mgricanH,  BchntD.  Om.  anlraibL  1882,  p.  37. 
BemicU  breuta,  nt.  uigricaiu,  Seebh.  Ibii,  1864,  p.  32  (Yokohama). 
Anger  torquatiw,  Brandt  {nee  Fritek),  J.f.  0. 1891,  p.  267. 

Similar  to  B.  bernicla,  but  with  a  conspicuoue  collar  of  white 
interrupted  only  on  the  nape,  the  white  marks  on  each  side  of.  ti» 
neck  meeting  together  in  firont ;  belly  ahnoat  bs  blai^  as  the  . 
breast ;  bill  and  feet  deep  bkck ;  tarsi  black  (?).  Total  length 
22-29  inches,  wing  13-70^  13-40,  culmen  1-20-1-35,  tarsus  2-20- 
2-W. 

Ttning,  Similar  to  adnlt,  but  collar  indistinct  or  obsolete,  the 
larger  wing-ooverta  and  secondaries  broadly  tipped  with  whit«,  and 
heathen  of  sides  and  flanks  snifonn  brownish  grey,  withont  white 


ffab.  Western  Arctic  America,  and  across  Bering  Stndts  as  far 
88  the  valley  of  the  Lena  {Seebdkm),  migrating  eonth  in  winter  along 
rtiia  Pacific  coast  to  Lower  California,  and  very  rarely  straying  to 
the  Atlantic  coaxt  (Long  Island);  along  the  Eastern  Asiatic  coast 
it  extends  to  Japan, 

a.  Ad.  sk,  NagBsaJfi,  Jamn, 

')),  c,  d.   Ad.   et     Yokohama  {E.  Pryer). 

jOT.  sk. 

.fc  Ad.  bL  Yokoharaa  (ff.  Pryer\.  CapL  Blakiston  [P.]. 

/.  Ad.  at  St.  Juan  de  Fuca,  Vancouver    Capt    Eellett   and 

"  Lieu'  '■'--'  ''•■' 


IS.   DBAKTl. 


125 


(1832);  AT.  4-  £.  WirbeUA.  Eur.  pp,  li«iii,  234,  n.  300  (1840) ; 
2iaum.  Viig.  DnUschl.  xl.  p.  408,  t.  203  (J)  (1S42):  S<My.  Rev. 
CHt.  p.  cxi  (1644);  Midd.  Jteit.  SAir.  ii.  2,  p.  229,  pi.  xi.  f.  3 
(tgg)  (leCl);  Kjm-b.  Om.  Dan.  U  45  (18o2);  WaUengr.  Nau- 
mamiia,  1B54,  p.  '269  (Scandinaiia) ;  .Viirtiii,  J./.  0.  1856,  p.  94 
(captiTe) ;  Slat,  in  Xaum.  Tog.  Deutschl.  liii.  2,  p.  297  (1^) ; 
ArmA.  P.  Z.  S.  1863.  p.  323 ;  Schim.  Mas.  P.-B.,  Anseree,  p.  102 
(1806);  SHnd.  SvaukaFogl.  pi.  82.  f.  2  (1872) ;  Seeih.  R  Z.  S. 
1877,  p.  806  (egg) ;  id.  Hut.  Br.  B.  ni.  p.  615,  pi.  61  (egg)  (1885) ; 
Sttxrb.  ZeittAr.  ga.  Om.  1887,  p.  22. 

Aims  torqiuia,  S.  G.  Gm.  Btite  RhuI.  u.  p.  179,  t.  14  (1774) ;  Om. 
&  y.  i.  2.  p.  514,  n.  70  (1788). 

Anae  pulchricoUiB  (errore),  Georgi,  Reue  Ruts.  Reich,  p.  ](t7  (1776). 

Klnne  Ktuzarka,  Ltpech.  Seit.  Sum.  Reichet,  ii.  Aaliaiig,  p.  183 
(1775). 

CtMrkn  minor.  I>peeh.  ffnii.  p,  296,  t.  5  (1775). 

Bed'hreasted  Goose,  iHn.  Aret.  Zool.  ii.  p.  571  { 178o) ;  Zati.  Apt. 
iU.  2,  p.  456,  II.  17  (1786). 

Amu  Tuficollia,  Lath.  Gen.  S^h.  Suppl.  i.  p.  297  (1787) ;  Gm.  S.  N. 
i.  2,  p.  6U,  n.  67  (17M) ;  LtOA.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  841.  ii.23  (1790)  j 
Lnom,  B.  Gr.  Brit.  nii.  p.  6  (rue  pi.  241)  (1794) ;  Ber&if.  Om. 
Tasc\a,b.  ii-  p.  425  (1803);  Seicicfc,  Br.  Ii.  ii.  p.  289  (1805); 
T«iRni.  Man.  iTOra.  p.  533  (1816) ;  id.  Man.  Sod  ed.  ii,  p.  826 
(1830);  ti'entr,  Athu,  PftlmipWes,  pi.  34  (1826);  Leis.  Tr. 
(fOrn.  p.  628(1881). 

Aiwer  torquatua,  Bonn,  (nee  Friirh),  Snc.  Mtth.  i.  p.  122,  n.  31 
(1790). 

fienuclft  ruficoUis,  Boie,  Ita,  1822,  p.  563;  SUpk.  Gm.  Zool.  xti.  2, 
p.  C3,  pL  43  (1824) ;  Brtbn,,  /jru,  1830,  p.  993  :  Gvuld,  S.  Ear.  t. 
pL  351  (1837)  i  Eyt.  Man.  Atiat.  p.  66  (1838) ;  Bp.  Gmp.  Lttt, 
p.  66,  n.  402  (1638);  id.  Qd.  Met.  Ucc.  Eur.  p.  70,  n.  429 
(1842)  i  G.  R.  Gr.  Litl  B.  Brit.  Mm.  ui.  p.  128  (Berwick)  (1844) ; 
id.  Gen.  B.  m.  p.  007,  n.  8  (1844);  Rchib.  Sgn.  Ai:.  Nalatorea, 
t.  97.  S.  233,  234  (1845);  LiekC.  yomencl.  Av.  p.  100  (18641; 
J)mJ.  ^  Qer6e,  Oit.  Eur.  ii.  n.  490  (1867) ;  Ei/t.  %n.  Anal.  p.  32 
(18BB)i  GiffL  Ibi;  1869.  p.  242  (Itolj);  V  Bliflh.  Ibi;  1870, 
p.  176  (Kagpore) ;  Gould,  B.  Gr.  Brit.  v.  pL  6  (pi.  uriiL,  1870) ; 
Elteet  ^  BucU.  lbi>,  1870,  p.  339  (Macedonia);  Maimer.  J./.  0. 
1870,  p.  305;  Dyb.  J.f.  O.  1873,  p.  108  (Irkulacli) ;  lirag.  B.  of 
Bur.  vi.  p.  403,  pi.  416  (pu.  61,  52, 1876) ;  Taa.  Bull.  Soc.  Zo^. 
Fr.  ii.  p.  48  (1877)  ;  JVwcA,  Ibit,  1877,  p,  62 ;  id.  FerA.  i.-b. 
Get.  mea,  1879,  p.  2G0  (W.  Siberia)  ;  Sdat.  P.  Z.  H.  1880, 
p.  G03;  Paimia,  Med.  Sae.  Fean.  Tii.  p.  144  (E^imlniid)  (1881) ; 
Own.  /6u,  1881,  p.  495  (HoUaod) ;  B.  O.  U.  Li*t  Brit.  B.p.  119 
(1883);  Sdat.  Lut  Vert.  An.  8th  ed.  p,  419  (1883);  Radde, 
OnmOaucei.v- 141  (1884) ;  Sound,  i'arrelh  Uiat.  Br.  B.  iv.  p.  281 
with  fig.  (1884-85) ;  Badee,  Zeitechr.  ge*.  Om.  ISai,  p.  48,  p!.  iv. 
(rar.l;  Moatlta.  Bull.  Soc.  AecUm.  1886,  p.  140,  gg.  p.  150; 
7>»fr.  Cat.  Coll.  B.  p.  51  (Lenkoran)  (1889);  Saumiert,  Man. 
Brit.  Birdi,  p.  396  (1889) ;  Liiford,  Cot.  Figt.  Br.  B.  pt.  uti.  pL  — 
(1892) ;  Neuit.  Did.  of  B.  p.  376  (pt.  2, 1893). 

L«ucopM«iA  niiicollis.  SchrA.  Av.  Soil.  A'a/.  p.  ix  (1862). 

Bermrla  (Rirtibreata)  ruUcoUis,  Bp.  Cotnpt.  Rmd.  xliti.  p.  046, 
B.  36  (18S6). 

KnfibrenW  nificollis.  G.  R.  Or.  Hand-Utt.  iii.  p.  7t<,  n.  10583  (1871 ). 

AiiMi  (Beniicla)  rulicoliid,  Lemetteil,  Bull.  Soe.  Zuol.  Fr.  v.  p,  75 
(Lower  Seine)  (1880). 


Aluer  (BreDthnt)  rnflcollis,  ilcAme.  Om.  OaOralU.  1882,  p.  37 ;  lU. 

VSg.  tod.  Odri.  p.  66  (188S). 
Bnnta  nificoUii,  Salvad.  EL   Uet.  Hal.  p.  364,  n.  363  (1886); 

S>A»«i.  J.  /.  0.  1890,  p.  81 ;  BmrUrt,  Sat.  Voaebamml.  p.  237 

(1891). 
Ptocai  ruficollis,  Mane  ^  Sehnw.  Sommel.  Mut.  Sem.  p.  342 

(1890). 

Adtdt  maU.  Entire  crown  and  hind  neck  black ;  the  black  of  the 
crovn  extends  through  the  eye  to  the  chin  and  throat,  leaving  a 
large  round  white  patch  between  the  eye  and  the  bill ;  on  the  ear- 
oorerts  a  chestnut  angular  patch,  surrounded  with  white,  ending  in 
a  white  band  down  the  sides  of  the  neck;  nedc  and  npper  breast 
rich  chestnut,  surrounded  below  by  a  white  narrow  buid ;  back, 
rump,  lower  breast,  and  upper  alnomeu  black ;  upper  toil-eOTerta, 
lower  abdomen,  and  nuder  tail-ooverts  white ;  fluike  white,  with 
black  bands  at  the  tip  of  the  feathers ;  wings  brown-black,  the 
upper  coverts  with  pale  edgings,  which  on  the  middle  and  greater 
wing-coverts  form  two  greyish  bands ;  tail  black :  "  bill  almost 
black ;  irides  haxel ;  legs  and  feet  dark  brown,  almost  black " 
ls<mnder»).  Total  lengUi  about  22  inohee,  wing  14,  tail  6,  bill  1, 
tarsus  2-1. 

Adult  ftmaU.  Similar  to  the  male,  only  somewhat  amaller, 

Immatart  bird.  The  black  replaced  by  dark  brown,  the  auricular 
patch  brown,  with  some  mfons  tinge,  the  nook  and  breast  reddish 
buff ;  tips  of  the  reotricee  white. 

Bail.  Ob  and  Yenesei  valleys,  where  it  breeds ;  ^eetem  Siberia, 
Northern  Turkestan,  and  Caspian  Sea,  where  it  winters  ;  aoddentol 
in  Europe  and  also  in  Egypt. 


Ifl,    SEBOCHKS,  127 

Earll.  AirA.  /.  A'afurp.  18S2,  i.  p.  137 ;  Lichl.  Nomenet.    Ae. 

D.  100  (1854)  i  ScUU.  P.  Z.  S.   1859,  p.  206  (incubatinn) ;  DoU, 

Pr.  Boil.  Soc.  N.  H.  lii.  p.   305  (18(fe) ;   ftfe.  Verk-  i.-6.  Gta. 

Win,  1873,  p.  159 ;   GuUh.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  488 ;  Doit,  Savau 

Aim.  1879,  p.  54  ;  Frnxk,  Kaa,  1880,  p.  81  ;  Sdat  P.  Z.  8.  1880, 

p.  604;  Sab>.  Cat.  S.  Striekl.  OaU.  p.  629,  n.  2577  (1882);  fifcitf. 

lAtt  Vert,  An.  8th  ed.  p.  433,  n.  m5  (1883) :  Montluz.  Bait.  Soe. 

Acelim.  ie«C,p.l46,  fig.  p.  147;  Triilr.  Cat.  OIL  S.  ^.  61  (1889) 

(type!) ;  Snit  ntU.  Ava  Bawai.  pt.  jv.  pi.  —  (1803). 
B«niid»  sandwiceneu,  Lai.  Cbmpl.  dr  Biif.,  Ou.  ix.  p.  636  (1837) ; 

id,  op.  at.  2nd  ed.  p.  717  (IS-'iS) :  Sp.  Cempt.  Semi,  iliii.  p.  6*8, 

n.  32  (1866)  ;   Cau.    U.S.  Erpl.  Erpcd.,   Mamrn.  *  Orn.  p.  338 

(1858) ;  O.JLGr.  Cat.  B.  Trop.  M.  p.  54  (18.50) ;  Rarlrrt,  Kat. 

rWMmm;.  p.  327,  d.  3366  (1891) ;  Hharpe,  Cat.  Oiteal.  ^ee. 

Ctoff.5uty.iii.  p.  203(1891). 
ChloephagA  aandvicenwi,  Eyt.  Mm.  Anat.  p.  81  (1638) ;  id.  Sj/H. 

Anal.  p.  26  (180B) ;  Selat.  P.  Z.  8.  1869,  p.  620. 
Auser  bawatieusis,  Eyd.  4*  Soni.  Foy.  BoniU,  ZooL  i.  ■a.  104,  pi.  10 

(1»11). 
Aneer  hsuaiensiB,  PcaU,  U.S.  Erjil.  Exped.,  Birdt,  p.  249,  pL  lix. 

(1848). 
Anaer  hawaientis,  Hartl.  Arch./.  Kaiuiy.  1863,  i.  p.  132. 
Tmidiestea  eacdviceiMB,  lUhnli.  At,  8ytt.  Nat.  p,  u  (1862). 
Anwt  Mndwicensis,  Sdittg.  Dierent.  p.  278  (1864) ;  id.  Mut.  P.-S., 

Auwres,  p.  106(1866). 
Lcucopareia  BBudwira^Dsis,  O.  B.  Gr.  Sand-li>t,  iii.  p.  78,  n.  10563 

(18(1) ;  fl^m.  if  BrhHw.  Norn.  Mm.  Ilein.  Ont.  p.  342  (1890). 
Aiuer  (Breotliusl  RandTichenn*,  Bchttw.  Orn.  Ocitlralbl.  1882,  p.  36 ; 

id.  t'os-  zool.  Giirt.  p.  64  (1882). 

Adtdt  maJe.  Htad  and  throat  black,  which  colour  eTtends  a  little 
Mow  Ihe  oyo  and  down  the  back  of  the  Deck  ;  sides  of  the  neck 
tawny  bnff,  becoming  lighter  tAwards  the  lower  part,  the  feathers 
blarlosli  at  their  bases,  giving  the  neck  a  mottled  or  striped  appetkr* 
uie« ;  upper  surfikoe  dark  umber,  the  feathers  barred  with  dnll 
wbitieh ;  rump  dusky  black  ;  nppcr  tnil-coverts  whitish ;  breast 
and  bdly  pate  pTeyish  brown,  feathers  darker  on  flanks,  barred 
with  mnber  and  whitish  at  the  tips;  abdomen  and  under  tail- 
coTcrta  pure  white ;  quills  and  tail  dusky  black :  "  indes  dark 
hazel;  bill  and  feet  black"  {,Sroil  WiUon).  Total  length  22-5 
inchea,  wing  1-1-3,  tail  (!,  eiilmea  16.  tarsus  28. 

Female.  Tlie  black  exteiidint;  further  down  the  throat,  and 
oocnpying  a  greater  space  below  the  eye ;  feathers  on  flanks  paler 
than  in  the  adult  male  i  lower  breast  not  so  pale,  but  uniform  ia 
ookmr  with  the  flanks  (Seott  Wilton). 

Tomuf.  Similar  to  the  female. 

Younif  in  down.  Upper  parts  greyish  brown ;  forehead,  sides  of 
the  bead,  throat,  and  middle  of  the  underparts  whitish ;  a  wfait« 
(pot  an  each  side  of  the  back  at  the  base  of  the  wing. 

Haft.  Sandwich  Islands. 

I  »-€.  Ad,  et  pulL  St  Sandwich  Islands.  Zwlogical  Society. 

»  a,..t Zoological  Sodaty. 


SnbfamUy  VI.  OHENONETTIN^. 

Key  to  Ou  Qaura. 

a,  Tailnearlf  even;  upperwing-coTerts  white; 

Bize  laige    20.  CbloIphaoa,  p.  128. 

b,  Tiul  not  eveu,  but  distinctly  graduated. 

A'.  Tertdftls  rather  bioad;  upper  wiDg-coTBrts 

blue ;  nie  large 21.  Cyanockbn,  p.  139. 

d.  Tertiala  long  and  narrow ;  upper  wing- 

coverto  grey ;  uze  small 22.  ChbnOnztta,  p.  140. 

.     20.  CHLOKPHAOA. 

Chloephagft,  Eyt.  Mm.  Aitat.  p.  13  (1838) 0.  ma^oWica. 

TenifieateB,  EcAnb.  Av.  ^it.  Sat  p.  ix.  (I852J C.  antarctica. 

OressoclieTi,  Barm.  Pr.  Ac.  Se.  Phitad.  1870,  p.  131 .  .  C.  meUnoptora. 
ChloetrophuB,    Bann.    Pr.  Ac.    Se.    Ftiiiad.    1870, 

5. 131 C.  poHocephaU. 
oophaga,  Sund.  Meth.  not.  Ad.  di^.  TaU.  p.  US 
(1872). 
Tnaidisathes,  Heme,  Ifomencl.  Mui.  Hein,  Orn.  p.  342 
(1890). 

Range.  Confined  to  South  America. 

Key  to  the  Speeia. 

a.  Uuder  tail-coverts  wbite. 

a'.  Qeneral  plumage  white,  with  no  barrings. 
"   "  scftpulers  white,  each  witli  i 


1.  CMoepbaga  melanoptera. 
FOtis  chilenns,  Mol,  Sagg.  .Slir.  yal.  t'hiti,  p, 
Anser  ntRknopteru^  EyI.  Man.  Anal.  p.  93  (11 

Oatdd  in  DaninH,   Vm.  'Sraalt,'  p.  134,  ul.  50  (1S41);  lYiuer, 

P.  Z.  S.  1848,  p.  lis  (Chili) ;  Bard.   Ify»t.   Vorz.  Ot».  Mm.  p.  117 

(1344):  ScAAy. Mta. P.-B.,  AnsereB,p.  100fl866):  Syt.Syn.Anat. 

p.  41  (1869)  i  Gieb.  Tha.  Or».  i.  p.  513  (1872). 
Aiwet  moutwia,  TicA.  {mc  Gm.)  »"hsot. -ircA.  1843,i.  p.  390,  n.Sl. 
Alwer  outicolft.  Tech.  op.  at.  1»«4,  i.p.  815,  n.  342. 
Oemicla  meknopteia,  O.  It.  Or.  Lut  II.  Brit.   Afiu.  lij.  p.   t2S 

i}m4);id.f/en.Ji.m.p.(HIIT,n.S{le44y.JiiAnb.S!fH.Av.,liaUKot^, 

tlOI.   f.  953   (184-5)  (cj:Bfasilc);  Bm  Mar*  in  Ooy,  HM.  de 

CMe,  i.  p.  443  (ItMS) :  Hartl.  Smimatmia,  18.53,  p.  -il-I,  bd.  H»; 

Bibra.  IMnkteAr.  k.  Ak.  Wiurtitek.  v.  2,  p.  131  (I80.I) ;  id.  J.f.  O. 

IWiS,  p.  57  i  Com.  in  U.S.  Antrtm.  Exp.  H.  p.  101  (185«)  (Cbili) ; 

Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1«67,  p.  las ;  Phil.  Jf  Lindb.  Wiespn.  Ar«h.  1863. 

i.  p.   IHS;    StJat.  IIm.   ltM>4,  p.   121;   Pels.  Beit.   Novara,    Ct^. 

p.  137  (1986) !  Seiat.  P.  X.  S.  1867,  pp.  320,  334,  339;  i»Afl.  ^ 

Lama.  Cat.  Av.  ChiL  p.  40  (1B6S)  (Chili) ;  Sclat.  If  Sale.  P.  X.  S. 

1S69,  p.  im  (Htimuum) ;  Selat.  P.  Z.  S.  1671.  pp.  645,  7O0  (Zool. 

aardjj  Barm.  P.  Z.  S.  1872,  p.  305 ;  Sdat.  *  Side.  Nomtwi.  Av. 

Ktetr<^.  p.  128,  n.  2  (1873) ;  lid.   P.  Z   S.   187fl,  p.  362 ;  Sctat. 

P.  Z.  S.  1B80,  ^.^Oi;  id.  Liu  Vert.  Ah.  8th  ed.  p.  420  (1863) ; 

Borek,  MT.  om.  Vrr.  Wim.  1884,  p.  167  (Extract,  p.  24)  (I'una, 

BoIirU) ;  Selot.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  401  (Sacaja) ;  Montlia.  Bait. 

Soe.  AtxUm.  1886,  p,  IIU;  Tacz.  Ont.  P£r.  iu.  p.  467  (1886); 

jmKppi,  Omit,  1888,  p.  160  (llren)  1  Sdat.  Argent.  Om.  a.  p.  122 

(1880);   id.  P.  Z.  S.  l)*Ol,  p.  136  (Tnrupaci) :   B.  Jamct,  Ntw 

Lift  Chit.  B.  p.  B,  u.  14:1  (18031. 
BenucU  nnOw.la,  O.  R.  Gr.  Oen.  B.  iii,  p.  607,  n.  11  (1844). 
Anaer  (ChloephaM)  raelnnoptems.    Timh.  Parni.  P^.,  Ate»,  pp.  .54, 

SO^il'uDft)  (11^). 
Cbloirpnan  melonopten,  £tcAf.  3'oinane^  Ar.  p.  100  (1854);  Bp. 

Gtmpt.  Bmd.  iliil  p.  648.  n.  ^5  (1850) ;  Bum.  La  Ptata-Itrite, 

a.  p.  513  (1801)  i  Sciat.  Ibti,  1864,  p.  122;  G.  R.  Or.  Hand-litt, 

iii.  p.  77,  n.  10501  (1871);  Burm.  P.  Z  8.   1872,  p.  3({6;   rots. 

P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  664 ;  O^l.  Viagg.  Mag.  pp.  946,  067  (1876). 
Orewoehim  meluiopUinu,  Bonn.  Pr.  Ac.  Phttixd.  18T0,  p.  131. 
Axuer  (IlrrulhuH)  iiiHlunopteriia,  Bekme.  Om.  Cnttralu,  1682,  p.  37  ; 

irf.  Vog.  vxd.  Oart.  p.  66  (1882). 
Bnnta   meloiioptero,  Harttrt,  Kat.    VogeUamml.  p.  327,  u.  3363 
(1801). 

Aimit  nudt.  Wtiite  ;  anterior  tcapulara  with  a  browu  spot  along 
tbe  Budlle;  piwterioT  scapulara  brown  with  a  greeniah  tinge; 
WiHiii'^  gruat^r  wing-coverte  dark  green  with  a  purpio  gloss,  form- 
tnjE  A  apeculum,  thu  ioiiennost  ones  and  tertiaU  dark  glossy  groen  ; 
pnuuuim  aud  toil-featliors  black  with  a  greon  gloss  :  *'  bill  cinnabar- 
rad,  wilb  the  anil  black :  tarsus.  Feet,  and  membranes  cinnabaT' 
red,  wilh  Uie  nail*  black;  iris  grey-brown"  {PhU.  ^  Landb.). 
Total   Irnglh  about  28  InchtM.  wing    ICo,  tail  6'2,  cnlmen  1-7, 

t'rmaU.  8imilar  to  the  male  but  smaller. 

Tmtnij  partly  in  down.  White ;  two  brown-grey  bands  on  the 
mim  of  the  upper  part  of  the  bead,  meeting  on  and  extending 

VOL  XJCVU.  E 


down  the  nape ;  back  browD-grey ;  on  th«  sidee  of  the  ramp 
two  white  longitudinal  bands;  Bcapnlan  grey  with  dark  spots; 
toitials  and  tail-feathers  dark  glossy  green ;  iris  dark  brown ;  feet 
dark  brown ;  "  beak  blaok  "  {Bahmer). 

Bab.  Western  South  America,  &om  Pera  and  Bolivia  to  Magellan 
^teait ;  aeen  also  at  Punta  Arenas  (Qi^iali). 


c.  Ad.sk. 

d.  Ad.  sk. 


8.  America. 

Fern,  June  (Mtki), 

Htuniatca,  Pern,  Aug.  (S. 

WMUiy)- 
Chili. 


j.  Ad.et 

y.  Ad.  St. 

h.  Ad.  St. 

>,  A.  <;  ad.  et  $ 

juv.sk 
L  i  ad.Bk. 

«,  n,  0.  tJ  5  ad. 

et  JQT.  sk. 
p,  o.  Ad.  et  imm. 

r.  Ad.  sk. 
*.  PuU.  sk. 
t.  Skeleton. 


Putehased. 
Wamw   : 

Sal  vin-Oodman  Coll. 

Eyton's  ColL  [One  ot 
the  tjmn   of  the 

T.  C.  Bndgee,  Esq. 

Pun^based. 

U.    Peutland,    Esq. 

Valparaiso.  Sir    W.  Burnett   & 

Capt  Fitiroy  [P.]. 
Cneva  Nina,  ProT.  of  Tata-    H.  B.  Jamas,  Esq. 


Chili. 

Lake  llticaca,  ChilL 


pBc£,Feb. 
L.  Huaeco,  I^t,  of  Taiapatiit 

Jan. 
Sacaya,  March,  May. 


.  James,  Esq. 

.  James,  Esq. 

Central  ChilL  H.  B.  Jamas,  Esq. 

ProT.Cohjhagua,  Chili  (£#ed).  SalTin-Godman  ColL 
Pampas  Argentiuas  (LtybM).  SalviU'Qodman  CoIL 
ChilL        ,  Punihased. 


so.  celoBfiuga. 


131 


BemcU  antarctica,  Steph.  I7en.  ZooL  lii.  1,  p.  69  (ldS4) ;  £;/[.  Man. 
Anat.  p.  84  (sm.  emend.).  pL  ii.  f.  6  (trachea)  (1838) ;  Darwin, 
Voy.  Broj/le,  iii.  p.  134  (1841)  (Tierra  del  Fuego,  FaUdand 
Islands)  [  G.  R.  Gr.  Litt  B.  Brit.  Mw.  iii.  p.  127  (lft44)  j  id. 
Otn.  B.  Ui.  p.  607,  n.  4  (1844);  Barll.  Suit.  Vtrx.  Ges.  Mil. 
p.  117  (1S44J;  RcAnb.  Syn.  An.,  Natatores,  t.  98.  ff.  397,  94S 
(1845);  LnMurt  in  Oay,  Bwl.  de  CAiVe.i.  p.  443(1348);  Btfew, 
I)nk»i-Jtr.  k.  Ak.  WiuaitcA.  v.  2,  p.  131  (1863) ;  id.  J.f.  0. 1S56, 
p.  67;  Cau.  U.S.  ^rfron.  ^.  ii.  p.  200,  pi,  xniL  (J  2)  0856) 
fCo«*t  of  Chili) :  Goidd.  P.  Z.  8. 1859,  p.  06  (ere) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S. 
1800,p.38t(;  Abbolf,  Ibit.   1861,  p.  l£9;  I9i.  ^  Lamib.    Wiegm. 

Arei.lSe3,LpAm;iid.au.Av.Ckil.t     " "' 

J8G4,  pp.  131,122;  Pdi.  SaM  Novara,  V 


40(1668);  ScU.Ibii, 
1. 136  (1866) ;  Solat. 


P.  Z.  a.  1867,  pp.  320,  334,  339 ;  CunniagAam,  Ibit,  1868,  p.  127 
Eft.  Sjfn.  Anat.  p.  30  (1869) ;  Bvrm.  P.  Z.  S.  1872,  p.  366 ;  Sel«t. 
^  Salt,  yommct.  Av.  Neolrop.  p.  128  (1873) ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1876, 
p,  367,  1878,  p.  436  ;  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  310  (ok),  1880, 

SG04;  8/iarjx,  P.  Z  S.  1881,  p.  13;  SeM.  ^  Saiv.  Vim.  Chalt., 
nfa,  p.  106  (1881);  Selal.  Li»t  Vrrt.  An.  8th  ed.  p.  423i 
2883);  MmtUa.  BuU.  Soc.  AccUm.  1886,  p.  153.  tif;.  p.  164; 
urm.  Anal.  Mtu.  Nae.  Buen.  .dirw,  iii.  p.  247(1888);  Tristr. 

Cat.  Coll  B.  p.  61  (1889);  ShaTpe,  Cat.  Otteol.  &>ee.  Coll.  Surg.   ' 

iii.  p.  203  (1891) ;  B.Janui,  New  Litt  ChU.  B.  p.  9,ii.  146  (1882J. 
CSienelopex  leucoptera,  part.,  Lett.  Tr.  d'Om.  p.  027  (  cf )  (1831), 
Chenelopei  antarctiea,  Im».  op.  cii,  p.  628  (  5 )  (1831) ;  id,    Compl. 

dt  Buff.,  Oil.  2nd  ed.  p.  717  a838^. 
.Vnas  f  anta,  Fursl.  Icon.  ined.  t.  —  iid.  Deter.  An,  (ed.  Lichl.)  p,  336 

(1844). 
Ta^nidieetes antarctics,  iffAni.  Av.  Suit.  SiU.  v.  ix  {1852} ;  Bonn. 

Pr.Ar.  Philad.  1870,  p.  132;  ff.  S.  Gr.   Hand-liiC,  ui.  p.  76, 

0.10585(1871). 
Chlocphaija   aotarrtica,   ZichC.   Nomend.  Av.  p.  100  (18.54) ;    Bp. 

Compl.  Rend,  iliii,  p.  (148,  ii.  23  (1856) ;  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1868,  pp.  527, 

62P  (Fftlkknds) ;  Sdat.  ^  Salv.  Hm,  1869,  p.  284  (Port  Otway), 

IHTO,  p.  4flS(OiM>d8Biiv);  Gigl.   Viagg.  Magenta,  pp.  027,  ^ 

M2,  »M,947  (1876);  Vnc(.  i>K*.  o/ S.  p.  376  (pt  2,  1893). 
Barnitla   h^brida,    PA.  «■  Lmdb.   Wuym.  Ard>.  1863,  i.  p.  199 

(Qote). 
Atwz  (Brentbiu)  antarctic  us,  A^nw.  Om.  CmTroIU.  1882,  p.  36; 

id.  Voff.Bxtl.  OUrt.  p.  64  (1882). 
TanddiMthea   antarctiea,  IlfUi.  ».  ReAnuj,  Norn.  JUta.  Hein.  Om. 

p.  Si2  (1890). 
Bendcla  (Chloephaga)  antarctiea,  Outt.   Mitt.  8c.  Cop  Horn,  OU, 

p.  196  (1891). 
Braota    antarctiea,   Hartert,   Kal.    Vojui*aimd.  p.  227,    n.    3364 

(1891). 

AdtiU  male.  Entirely  white  :  "  bill  black,  with  a  yellow  spot  at  the 
baae;  tamus  and  feet  yiJlow;  iridesgreyiah  brown"  (Gi;/iioK,  J/,S',). 
Len^  about  2A  inches,  wing  15,  tail  it,  culmen  1-5,  tarsus  2'T5, 
.  FttnaU.  Brown-black  ;  upper  part  of  the  hojid  and  anpe  brown  ; 
forehead,  aidca  of  tho  head,  and  neck  block  with  narrow  white 
banda;  appor  back,  BCapulars,  and  tertiala  brown-black  ;  lower  back, 
ramp,  upper  tail-cororts,  lower  abdomen,  Tent,  under  tail-coverta, 
and  tail  pure  whito  ;  breast,  abdomen,  sides,  and  flanks  deep  black, 
luDdaOmely  haired  with  white ;  tower  and  median  wing-coverta. 


182  AMnnsji. 

Kcondaries,  and  under  wing-oorertB  irhito ;  greater  wing-ooverto 
metallic  green,  fbnning  a  speculum,  tipped  widi  'wlute,  and  with  a 
black  band  before  the  tip  ;  primaries  and  their  coverts  black :  "  bill 
fleeh-colonr ;  tarsua  and  feet  yellow ;  irides  grejiah  brown  "  (  Giglioli, 
JUS.).  Total  length  23  inches,  wing  14,  tail  5,  culmen  1-4, 
tarsus  2-2. 

H<U>.  Patagonia,  Struts  of  Magellan  to  Chiloe,  Tierra  del  Fu^o, 
and  Falkland  Islands, 

a.  (fad.  Bt.  Antarctic  Exp.  Capt.  King  [C.]. 

b.  Imm.  St  Stiaita  of  Magellan.  Zool.  Soc. 

c,d.  cf  $  ad.  sk.     Struts  of  Magellan.  Sir    R.     Murchison 

«,  /.  J  $  ad.  ak.     Port  Henry,  Str.  of  Magellan, 


Dr.  Copp 


8tT.  of  Magellan,  Not. 
Hermite  la,,  Oct.,  Nor. 
Hermite  Is.,  Sept. 

Cape  Horn. 


g.  PuU.  sk. 

A,  t.  cf  £  ad.  sk. 

i,  /.  (f  ad.  St.,  5 

ad.Bk. 
w.   cJ  ad,  sk. 
n-g.   (J  2  ad.  et 

r.  $  ad.  sk. 

I.  (f  $  ad.  sk.  Falkland  Is.  {LewnU). 

t.  ^  td.  sk.  Falkland  Is. 

u.  $  ad.  at.  E.  Falkland. 

V.  S  nearly  ad.  st.  St.  Salvador  Bay,  Falklauds. 

to.  cf  ad.  ak.  Berkeley  Sound,  Falkland, 

Aug. 
X,  Skeleton. 


Falkland  Is. 


Antarctic  Exp.  [C.J. 

Antarctic  Exp.  [C.l 
Challenger  Exp.  [CTj. 

Sir   W.    Bomett  & 


Challenger  Exp.  [C.l. 
Antarctic  Exp.  tcX 
Antarctic  Exp.[C.]. 
McConniok  Bequest. 


Chlofiphi^;a  nu^eUanica. 


Beraitl*  maffeUanico,  Steph.  Gen.  Zool.  sii,  2,  p.  67  (1834) ;  O.  S. 
Gr,  Oen.  B.  iiL  p.  «07,  n.  0  (1844) ;  Ri^hvb.  Syn.  A  v.,  Nntatows, 
t  08.  f.  wa  (1S45) :  Dea  Muri  in  Oaj/,  Sul.  de  Chile,  i.  p.  443 
(1848) ;  */<tf.  /6m,  18S4,  p.  l:>-2:  PeU.  Jtei»e  Niinara,  I'm.  v.  136 
(1806) ;  OainrnjiA.  Ibu,  1868,  p.  127 ;  Sdat.  ^  Sale.  P.  Z.  S.  1876, 
p.  863 ;  Dam/.  Ibu,  1878,  p.  400  (Ohuput) :  Sclitt.  P.  Z.  S.  1880, 
p.  aKj  id.  Zut  VeH.  An.  8tL  ed.  p.  420  (1883) ;  Montiia.  SuU. 
Sac  Acdim.  1886,  p.  165,  Ss.  p.  167;  Tridr.  Cat.  Coll.  S.  p.  61 
(1888). 

BemicU  bucopiera,  Steph.  Gen.  Zoot.  xii.  2,  p.  68  (1824) ;  Ph.  ^ 
lMidli.An.Un.Ch^,%a.v.i2-(\i!m);  Od.  Wiegm.Arch.lH^, 
i.  P.1&4. 

Chenelopax  leucoptei*,  part..  Lets.  Tr.  dOm.  p.  027  (1831). 

CUoi^tiafn  iiuic!<^l]&nic«,  Eijt.  Mon.  Anal.  p.  82,  p).  1.  S.  I,  2 
(tncbu)  (1^1:  G.  R.  Gr.  List  Gen.  S.  p.  7a  (1840)  i  Jjarw. 
Yog.  ' BeagU;  ill.  p.  134  (1841)  (Tierro  delFuego  and  Falkland 
lal.);  Sartl.  8ytt.  Ven.  Get.  Mot.  p.  117  (1844);  G.  Jt.  Gr. 
LUt  B.  Brit.  Mas.  p.  126  (1844);  Sartl.  Ifaunumnia,  1853, 
p.  292 ;  LirAt.  Norn.  Av.  p,  100  (1864) ;  Sp.  Compt.  Bend,  xliji, 
p.  648,  a.  22(1866);  SdiU.  P.  Z.  S.  1&57,  p.  128,  1858,  p.  289; 
Gould,  P.  Z.  S.  1859,  p.  96  (egg) ;  Sefa(.  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  387 
(Bjn.  erarnd.  P) :  Abbott,  Ibii,  1861,  p.  167  (FoUtland  IbIJ  ;  Sdat. 
IbU,  18tM,  p,  122;  Sclat.^  Saiv.  I6i»,  1868,  p,  189  (StTidtti  of 
MaftpUnri) ;  &dat.  P.  Z.  S.  1808,  pp.  527, 629  (FiJkUnds)  j  W.  * 
Landb.  Cat.  Av.  (M.  p.  40  (ISBB) ;  ScM.  P.  Z.  S.  1869,  p.  620 
(bftwding) ;  mt.  Sm.  Anat.  p.  27  (I860] ;  Seial.  ^  Salf.  Ibit,  1870, 
pp.  409.  600  (EUialieth  Isla) ;  Bonn.  Pr.  Ac.  Phiiad.  1870,  p.  131 ; 
G.  S.  Gr.  Btmd-litt,  iii.  p.  77,  n.  10586  (syn.  emend,  F)  (1871) ; 
Selat  4-  Sale,  ^^l>m.  Av.  Neotrop.  p.  128,  n.  1  (pwt.)  (1873) ;  Oigl 
ViasS-  Magenta,  p.  »61  (187R) ;  Oarrod,  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  198,  f.  2 
(»kaU);  Sdat.  P.  X  S.  1870,  p.  310  (ngifs) ;  Burm.  Anal.  Mm. 
Sac.  Buen.  Airee,  iii.  p.  247  (I8ce) ;  Rogtron,  Bidl.  Hoc.  Aod.  1888, 

SI.  12-21 ;  Sbirpe,  (Mt.  Otteol.  Spec  Coll.  Surg.  iii.  p.  293  (1881)  j 
fwl.  £)ut.  of  B.  p.  375  (pt.  2, 1893). 
Anwi'(nrentbus)  mageUBii'— ■"    "-' — 

id.  Vog.  sool.  GSrt.  v.  64 
BemicU  (Cliloephagft)  n 

p.  187  (18yl). 
OrmntA   nia^tlnnicn,  Uarteil, 

ami). 


i.  Jtchnto.  Om.  Centralbl.  1882,  p.  37  j 
182), 
aiH^Ilaoiai,  Oust.  Mtta.  So.  Cap  Bnrn,  Oil. 

Vugelgamml.  p,  227,   n.  8363 


H^hruU. 
Btnucln  dispar  cf  K  B.  magelifmica  £ ,  Sdat.  ^  Sato.  P.  Z.  S.  1876, 

f36G,  f.  a  (mule),  b  (female) ;  Seiat.  LiU  Vfrt.  An.  8tb  ed.  p.  421, 
o(iniae),  6  (female)  (1883). 

Adiult  male.  Wliite;  head  aad  neck  nnifoim;  eiden  and  upper 
part  of  the  back  witli  the  lower  part  of  the  hind  neck  barred  with 
Uack ;  lower  back  and  rump  greyish  black  ;  npper  tail-coverts 
white;  Tent  and  under  tail-coverts  white,  the  latter  odged  with 
bUekub  an  the  outer  web  ;  Beapulars,  tertiaU,  and  primaries  dark 
pry ;  smaller  and  median  upper  wing-coverts  white,  the  greater 
one*  ^ey,  od  the  outer  web  metallic  green  with  a  purple  glosa, 
foraing  a  wing-speculaDi,  and  tipped  with  white;  secondaries  and 
sndor  wing-coverta  white ;  lateral  tail-foathera  white,  the  four 
*  grej-iflh  black :    bill  black ;  irides  brown-blaok ;  feet 


18< 


AKAIIDX. 


dftrk  lead-colour.  Total  length  about  26  inches,  ving  16-3,  tail 
6*6,  cnlmen  1*5,  taniu  3*8. 

Female.  DiiFerent  from  the  male.  Head  and  neck  greyiah  lufous  ; 
apper  back  and  breast  pale  rufoae,  with  black  bars;  abdomen  and 
flanks  almoet  black,  with  whitish  Ws ;  lower  back  greyish  brown, 
rump  and  upper  tjul-oorerts  almost  black;  vent  ^d  under  tail- 
oorerts  whitish,  the  latter  stained  with  brown-black;  wing  as  in 
the  male ;  tail  black :  bill  black ;  irides  dark  brown ;  feet  yellow. 
Size  a  htUe  smaller  than  the  male. 

Sab,  Falkland  Islands,  IWra  del  Fu^o,  Uagellan  Straits,  and 
Patagonia. 


No  locality 


of  CM 


e.  e  ad.  sk. 

etst. 
t.  a  ad.  St. 

k,l.  9ad.etcf 

juv.  sk, 
m.  $  ad.  sk. 

N.  <f  ad.  sk. 

0.  c^  ad.  St. 

p-i.  (J  $  ad.  dr. 


ai  Is.,  April  (£.  /. 
Smith). 
Falkland  Is. 

Falkland  Is.  (LeeonU). 

East  Falkland  Is.,  Jvij. 

SL  Salvador  Bay,  Falk< 

land  Is.,  June. 
Berkeley  Sound,  Falk- 


Sb  W.  Bmnett  &  Cast 

Fitarov[P.]. 
H.Dumford,E8q.  [P.]. 
Antarctic  Expedition. 

Sir  W.  Bnmett  &  Cast. 

FitMOT  [P.]. 

SalviiHiodman  Coll. 

Voyage     of     H.M.S. 

'  Rattlesnake.' 
McCormick  Bequest. 

Antarctic  Expedition. 

HcCormick  Beqneat. 

Maidstone  Hoseum  [P.], 
K  Cross,  Esq.  [P.]. 


20.    CHUeFBAaA, 


1S& 


Ae.  yfotrtm.  p.  128  (part.)  (1873)  j  Barroat,  Auk,  1884,  p.  273 

(CMbud). 
Bemicla  niagellaoica,  Dei  Mart  (ttec  Gm.)  in  Golf,  Hid.  ChiU,  i. 

p.<43(tt*4r)(ChUoe)i  CtoM.  C.&  ^5(mi.  J5jy.  ii.  p.201,pl.  xxiv. 

(li««!)  (ChiliJ:  &Ai(.  P.Z.*.  1872.  p.  549  (Rio  Negro),  1877, 

pp.  SJa,  8W  (PutBgonia),  1879,  p.  818, 1880,  p.  704 ;  id.  Litt  Vert. 

An.  8th  ed.  p.  420  (part)  (1883). 
BeniiclB  inorrmtii,  t>ti  .\tur«  in  Gay,  Hitt.  Chile,  i.  p.  444  (1847)  j 

Ph.  ^  Lnwlb.  An.   Un.  Chile,  ui.   p.  486  {18S2)  ;   iid.    ifieffm. 

Ar^.  imil.i.  p.  199;  Sdat.^  Sah.  P.  Z.S.  1876,  p.  367  (note); 

Mmllux.  BuU.  Soc.  Acclim.  1866,  p.  160. 
ChloephagB  picta,  Bp.   Compl.  Rend,  xliii.  p.  &48,  n.  21  (1850) ; 

Bonn.  Pf.  Ac.  PhUad.  I87(>,  p.  lUl ;  Gigl.  Viagg.  Magenta,  p.  904 

11876). 
t:Uoephaga  inornata,  Bp.  Con^t.  Ratd.  xliii  p.  648,  n.  24  (1S66) ; 

R/l.  Svn.  Anat.  p.  23  (1866);  G.  S.  Or.  H<md-(iU,  iiL  p.  77, 

n.   10588  (1871) :    Sdat.  ^  Salv.  Nonxead.  Av.  Neotrop.  p.   128, 

n.  2  (part.)   (1873) ;  Sharpe,  Zool.  Ereb.  ^  Terr.,  Birdi,  p.  37, 

pi.  30  (type;  (1875). 
Anu  inaniaU,  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  290  (P=maKellMiica). 
Btunicla  A\smx,  Ph.  ^  Laa^.  An.  Unie.  Chile,xii.  p.  437(1862); 

iid.  ITiym.  ArcA.  1663.  i.  p.  190 ;  SeJat.  lUt,  IBOi,  p.  122  j  Peb. 

Rtite  Navar.,  FUg.  p.  137  (1865) ;  HiU.  ^  Landb.  Cat.  An.  CkiL 


*«"S: 


aalv.  p.  Z  S.  1876,  p.  384 ;  Scint.  P.  Z.  H.  1880,  p.  503 ;  MonOvx. 

BuU.  Soc.  Aeelim.  1886,  p.  159;  Burm.  Anal.  Mm.  Nae.  Butn. 

Aim,  iii.  p.  247  (1868) ;  Sdat.  Arffml.   Om.  u.  p.  123  (pact.) 

(1881t) ;  B.  Jamei,  Amd  Lttt  ChU.  B.  p.  9,  d.  144  (1^2) ;  Lataste, 

Act.  Soc.  Sc.  Oiiti,  iii.  p.  cuii  (1894). 
Beniicia  antaictica  [em>re).  Burnt.  La  Plata-Reim,  ii.  d. 
Ckloephnro   diapar,  Selat.  Ibis,  1864,   p.   122 ;   id.  P. 

pp.  320,  3*4  (Chili);  Eyt.  Sifn.  Anat.  p.  29  (1869);  G.  R.  Gr. 

Sand^itt,  iu.  p.  77,  n.  10687  (1871). 
Anaer  ma^llauicui,  j«rt.,  ScAleff.  Mta.  P.-B.,  Aiueree,  p.  90  (1800) ; 

GM.  The$.  Om.  i.  p.  872  (part.)  (1872). 
Admt  (Brentbiu)  diapBr,  Jtchnio.  Om.  CmtroBil   1882,  p.  37;  id. 

Vog.  zool.  Odrt.  p.  6o  (1882). 
Bernii^Ia  (Chloephaim)  dispar,  Oiat.  Mist.  Sc.  Cob  Horn,  Oia.  p.  311 

(1801). 
Berniclti  (Cliloepho^)  inornata,  Ount.  op.  cil.  p.  31S  (1891). 

Hffbrida. 

Benuclft  dispar  cf  X  B.  maKellanica  ^,  Selai.  ^  Salv.  P.  Z.  S. 
1876.  p,  365,  ff.  n  ,J,  6  $;  Sdal.  Lid  Vtrt.  Ah.  Slh  ed.  p.  421, 
K.a  ,S,h  2  (1883). 

Rimilnr  to  C.  mageUanica,  bnt  tbe  male  has  the  breast  and 
sbdumen  much  more  banded  with  black. 

The  ftmaU  has  the  head  and  up{ier  pBrt^  of  the  neck  of  a  dull 
gicy,  almost  without  any  of  the  reddish  tinge  so  conepioaotiB  in  the 
&BUtl«  of  C.  mageUaniea.  Dr.  Scliiter,  in  Uie  '  A^^entine  Ornttho- 
lo^y,'  describes  the  male  with  the  rump  (or  upper  tail-ooverts  ?)  and 
tail^eatbcre  aahy  black.     I  suppose  that  Uie  descriptioD  applies 


136  isiTms. 

only  to  iramatuie  birds,  as  in  the  original  deacription  of  FhOli^i 
and  Landbeck  the  upper  tail-coverts  and  lateral  rectriees  are  said 
to  be  whit«.  A  specimen  in  the  Torin  Unseum,  evidently  moult- 
ing, received  from  Heosrs.  Fhilippi  and  Loodbeck,  has  the  upper 
tail-eoverte  partly  black  and  partly  white. 

Foung  ntaU.  The  black  tmnds  are  more  nnmerouB,  boQi  on  the 
back  and  lower  parts,  bnt  not  so  well-defined  as  in  the  adult  bird ; 
the  speculum  is  blacldah,  with  no  green  lustre  (ifiw.  Taurin.). 

Bab.  Central  and  Southern  Chili,  and  also  Magellan  Straits; 
fionthem  Argentine  Kepnblio ;  breeds  on  the  Lakes  of  the  Chilian 
Cordilleras. 


1. 13  sd.  St. 
i.g  ad.di. 

imm.sk. 
«.  $  ad.  ak. 
/  S  f^-  ak. 
ff.  is  imm.  et. 


Chili. 

Chili  [LeybolO). 

Chili  (SMd). 

Chili  (iirarf). 

Santiiigo,  Cidli  (Weitihaupt). 

Straits  of  Uagellan. 


Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 

Zool.  Soc.    (T™.  of 

Aruer  momatus,  mng.) 


5.  Chlofiphaga  rDbidicqw. 

Chloephaga  poliooephala,  part.,  G.  S.  Gr.  Lut  B.  Brit.  Mm.  iiL 

p.  127,  spedm.  c,  rf,  ,r  (1844). 
BOTnicla  inomata,  G.  R.  Or.  {nrc  King)  Zool.  Voy.  Ereb.  ^  Terror, 

Birdt,  pi.  24  {twe  Gen.  of  B.,  neque  King)  (1846) ;  Rchnb.  Syn.  Av., 

Katatoi^,  t.  98.  f.  947  {ex   Voy.  Ertb.  *  Terr.)  (18— P);  Sel. 

Guide  to  Gard.  Z.  S.  ed.  5  &  6,  p.  16. 
Chloephaga  rubidiceps,  Sd.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  pp.  387,  415,  pi.  cbcxiiL 

(Falkland  Islauda).  1661.  p.  46;  Abbott.  Ibit,  1861,  p.  158  (Falk- 

kud  IsUmda)  ;  iUr;(.  Jiu,  ISG'I,  p.  1:^^  ;  id.  i\  Z.  ti.  l.SWt,  p.  629; 

G.  It.  Gr.  Hand-lilt,  iii.  p.  77,  n.  1051t0  (1871) ;  Sctat.  Liit  Vet 


20.   CHLOfiPHAOA.  137 

upper  wing-ooTerts  metallic  green,  tipped  with  white;  bastard- 
wing,  primaries,  and  primary-coverts  black;  secondaries  white; 
tertials  and  scapnlars  brown-grey ;  tail  black :  bill  black ;  irides 
almost  black  ;  feet  yellow,  tinged  with  blackish  exteriorly.  Total 
length  about  23  inches,  wing  13*5,  tail  4-5,  culmen  1*5,  bill  from 
the  commissure  1*5,  tarsas  2*5. 

Female.  Similar,  but  somewhat  smaller. 

Young  birds  of  the  first  year  assimilate  in  plumage  to  the  adults, 
except  that  the  speculum  of  the  wing  is  of  dull  black  instead  of 
glossy  green  (Abbott), 

Hob,  Falkland  Islands. 

0.  Ad.  sk.  Falkland  Islands  (Leconte).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

5,  e.  Ad.  sk.  Falkland  Islands.  Tweeddale  Coll.    ' 

d,  S  ad.  sk.  Falkland  Inlands,  July.  McCormick  Beouest. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Falkland  Islands.  Antarctic  Expea. 

(Type  of  the  species.) 
/.  Imm.  sk.  Falkland  Islands.  Antarctic  Exped. 

y,  A.  d  ad.  sk.       St.  Salvador  Bay^  Falkland       Antarctic  Exped. 

et  ad.  St.  Is. 

i,  Skeleton.  Falklands.  Zool.  Soc 

G.  Chlo^phaga  poliocephala. 

Bemicla  inomata,  G.  R.  Gr,  {nee  King)  Gen,  B.  iii.  p.  607,  n.  6 
(svn.  emend. )y  pi.  166  (1844) ;  Bchnb,  Sgn.  Av,,  Natatores,  t  98. 
f."946  {nee  947)  (ex  Gray)  (1845) ;  Hartl  Erst,  Naehtr,  Voget- 
samml.  p.  19,  n.  216  (1846);  Ca»s,  Vn,  St,  ExpL  Exp.,  Mamm, 
4-  Dm,  p.  337  (1858;  (Tierra  del  Fuego  &  Falkland  Isl.) ;  Sclai, 
Ibis,  18o9,  p.  327. 

Chloephaga  poliocephala,  G,  R,  Gr.  List  B.  Brit,  Mus.  iii.  p.  127 
(part.,  specmi.  a,  b)  (1844)  (descr.  nulla):  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1857, 
p.  128, 1868,  p.  290 ;  Gould,  P.  Z.  S.  18591  p.  96 ;  Sciat.  P,  Z.  S, 
1859,  p.  206  (incubation),  1801.  p.  46  (Falkland  Isl.) ;  Abbntt, 
Ibis,  1861,  p.  159 ;  Sciat.  Ibis,  18lU,  n,  122 ;  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1867, 
p.  335 ;  Sclaf..  ^  Salv.  Ibis,  1868,  p.  180  (Oazy  Harbour) ;  Cunningh, 
Ibis,  1869,  p.  233 ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1869,  p.  629  (breeding) ;  Eyt, 
Sun 
Cfra 
list 

p.  128,  n.  2  (part.)  (1873) ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  436  (Gray  Harbour, 
Tom  Harbour) ;  Gigl,  Viagq.  Magent.  pp.  9^3,  937,  943,  946 
(1876);  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  188*1,  p.  813;  Shufeldt,  Pr.  U.S.  Kat, 
Mus,  X.  pp.  383-384  (skull)  (188/ ). 

?  Anser  leucopterus,  Licht.  (nee  Gm.)  in  Forst.  Descr.  An.  p.  834 
(1844). 

?  Chloephaga  leucoptera,  Licht.  (nee  Gm.)  Xoni.  Av.  p.  100  (1854). 

Chloephaga  inomata,  Bp.  Compt.  Rend,  xliii.  p.  648,  n.  24  (1866). 

Bemicla  poliocephala,  Sclat.  Ibis,  1859,  p.  328 ;  Pflz.  Reise  Novara, 
Vog,  p.  136  (1865) ;  Burm.  P.  Z.  S.  1872,  p.  360  (Bahia  Blanca) ; 
Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1872,  p.  549  (Rio  Negro) ;  Sciat.  ^'  Salv.  P.  Z,  S. 
1876,  p.  366;  Durnford,  Ibis,  1878,  p.  400  (Centr.  Patagonia) ; 
S4at.  P.  Z,S,  1880,  p.  503;  Scl.  ^  Salv.  Vog.  Chall.,  Birds,  ^.  107 
(1881) ;  Sclat.  List  Vert,  An,  8th  ed.  p.  422,  n.  962  (1883) ; 


Montba.  BuU.  Soc.  Atxlim.  1886,  p.  160;  Bwm.  Anal.  Mtu. 

Nac.  Even.  Airet,  iii.  p.  247  (1888) ;  Sdal.  Argttit.  Onu  iL  p.  134 

(1889) ;    Triitr.   Cat.   Coil.  B.  p.  61   (1889)   (Puerto  Buwio) ; 

B.  James,  Nev,  List  ChO.  B.  p.  9,  n.  146  (1892) ;  Solat.  P.  Z.  8. 

1893,  p.  472  (breeding). 
BerniclB  chOoenais,  Phil.  ^  Landb.  An.   Umn.   ChSe,  xxi,  p.  427 

(1862) ;  iid.  Wkgnt.  Arck.  1863,  i.  p.  149  (Chiloe);  Sdat.  Ibu, 

1864,  pp.  121, 122  ( =poli(M»phAk,  Gr.) ;  Phil.  ^  Lamdb.  Oat.  Av. 

aUL  p.  40  (1668). 
Aaser  polioceplislus,  Schieg.  Mu*.   P.-B.,  Ajueiea,  p.  101  (1866)  ( 

GiA.  Tha.  On,,  i.  p.  378  (1873). 
Chi«tuut>breaBted  Gd<we,  Cunmngh.  Ibi»,  1868,  p.  127. 
Ohloetropliiw  poIiocephaluB,  Barm.  Pr.  Ac.  Philad.  1870,  p.  181. 
ADMT^^DthuB)  poUocephaluB,  BckniB.  Om.  Centralil.  1882,  p.  86 ; 

id.  fog.  zool.  Gart.  p.  M  (1882). 
BrauU  poliocephola,  Hartert,  Eat.   VogeUatmrU,  p.   227,  n.  3S69 

(1891). 
Bernicla  (Chloephaga)  poliocsplifilB,  Ouet.  Mitt.  Sc  Cap  Horn,  Oit. 

p.  192  (1891). 

Adult,  Head  and  neck  greyisb  plnmbeoos,  paler  on  the  upper 
part  of  the  head  ;  forehead  and  periophthalmio  feathers  vhiti^ ; 
long  feathers  of  the  nape  tinged  with  mfons,  espedally  the  lotrer 
onee ;  breast  and  npper  back  mf  oua  chestnut,  the  base  of  the  feathers 
white,  banded  with  black ;  these  banda  more  or  less  showing 
through ;  lower  back  greyish ;  ramp  and  upper  tail-coverts  black ; 
abdomen  white ;  sides  white,  regularly  banded  with  black ;  lower 
flanks  blacik ;  nnder  tail-corerts  white,  but  the  onter  feathers  rufous, 
with  the  outer  web  black;  scapulars  mfous  grey,  with  narrow 
transveiee  black  bands ;  lesser  and  median  wing-ooverts  white ; 
greater  wing-coverts  glossy  green,  with  coppery  reflections  on  the 
outer  web,  forming  a  distinct  speculum,  bordered  with  white 
posteriorly;  tertials  grojisb  broivii  with  an  olirecist;  primarieB 


y.  $  ad.  ik. 
A.  $  poU.  Bk. 

k.  6  ad-sk. 

f-».  ,{  ad.et 

mtlUak. 
^  Ad.ik. 
j,r.l^.Bk.elBU 
*.  Skelelon. 


21.  ciAifociun.  139 

Alert  Bav,  W.  Const  of  Pftta-  Voyage  of  H.M.S. 

gonia,  Dec.  ( J>r.  Coppinger).  '  Aiert.' 

Port  litairj,  Dec.   (Zfr.   Cop-  Voyace   of  IT.M.S. 

pinker),  '^ert.' 

NeeehamCove.Str.ofMagellan,  Vojage  of   H.M.S. 


Ora' 


Feb.  {pr.  C'oppini/er). 
rav      Harbour,      Mesaiei 

Cnannel. 

am  Harbour,  Jaa. 


Falkland  Is.  (Lecontt). 


21.  CYANOCHEN. 


'  Cbalienger '  Exped. 


CyMOchen,  HartLfde  Bp.  Campt.  Bend,  iliii.  p.  648 

u  10  (1858)    C.  cjanopteru*. 

uAodwn,  &<U9.  18137  (^fiiU  G.  R.  Gr.  Hand-lift. 
Hi,  p.  76, 1871). 

Jtange.  Confined  to  Abjssima  and  .Shoa. 

1.  Cranocheii  cyasopterns. 

Berairla  cyanoptern,  Hupp.  &/*(.  Utters,  pp.  129, 137,  a.  488,  t.  49 

iShoa)  <1845) ;  G.  S.  Or.  Gen.  S.,  App.  p.  27  (1849) ;  J3«  Jtf«r» 

m  Ltfrhvre,    Viy.  Abye».  vL  p.  16;),  pi.  iIt.  (1943-50) ;  ifcAdfi. 

&M.  Av.  Xomt.  a.  W.  Natatores,  t.  90.  f.  2351  (1850) ;  Heugl. 

&w(.  C^cieri.  n.  785   (1856) ;  id.  J.  f.  0.  1662,  pp.  2D3,  306;  id. 

iWni.   0«sff-.  3fd(A.   1669,  p,  416;  UeugL  B^tc  nncA  Abyu. 

ia61-«^,  pp.  309,  317   (1808) ;  Eyt.  Sifn.   Aaat.  p,  3a  (Hm) ; 

Blanf.  Qtvl.  Si  Zool.  Abj/u.  p.  430  (1870);  Fijuch,  Tr.  Zool.  Soe. 

TU.  p.  329  (1670) ;  Sclal.  P.Z.S.  \B80,  v- SOi i  Selvad.  Ann.  Mut. 

OV.  Gm.  (2)  i.  p.  241  (Shoa)  (1884);  Mmtlut.  Bull.  Soe.  Avlim. 
^,  p.  151,  %  p.  152. 
Orsnocheii  cyuiopteros,  Sartl.  JSdt  Sp.  Compt.  Bend,  xliii.  p.  648, 

n.  36  (1866) ;  G.  S.   Gr.  Hand-iiit,  iii.  p.  78,  n.  105B4  (1871) ; 

~tin.  4-  Sehtw.  Norn.  Mus.  Hein.  Om.  p.  342  (Woggera)  (1890). 
_    JT  cyaooptenw.  SehUg.  Mui.  P.-fi,,  Aaaeres,  p.  06  (1866) ;  G«A. 

The*.  Om.\.  p.  370  (IHT^). 
Bnnta  cyaaoptera,  Heiigl.   Om.  N.O.-Afr.    ii.    p.  1262  (1873); 

Bartert,  Kat.  VogeUamml.  p.  237  (1691). 
ir  (Bi«ntbiie)  cyanoptera,  ifcAnic.  Om.  Centralbl.  1862,  p.  37. 

Adult.  Head  and  neck  aahy,  somewhat  darker  on  the  hind  part : 
b*ck,  flcapulars,  and  undorparta  browD,  the  feathora,  especially  on 
tlie  latter,  with  pale  grey  edges,  producing  a  mottled  appearance  ; 
rnnip  and  apper  tail-coverts  grey,  with  a  bluish  tinge  ;  under  t^- 
OOTcrtB  whitish ;  upper  wing-ooverts  load-blue ;  primaries  and 
twtuuiee  gloBay  black ;  secondaries  glossy  green,  with  a  nsjrow 
white  •dge  at  the  tip;  under  wing-coverts  greyish  hrown,  the 
whitish:  "bill  and  feet  blackish ;  iridcs  hazel-brown  " 
{AMtinori).  Total  length  about  20  inches,  wing  15,  tail  6,  culmei 
1-4,  Uitm  2-5&. 


140 

Female.  Similar  to  the  male. 

Tw-ng  t»  dovm.  Upper  parta  bUckiah  brown,  nDderparts  yeUowish 
vhite ;  a  broad  auporciliar}'  band,  a  patch  on  the  scapular  r^on, 
a  baad  acroas  the  wings  and  two  on  the  sides  and  flaDka  yeUowiah 
whit*  {Mut.  Taurin.), 

Bah,  Ahyaainia  and  Shoa. 

a,b.  $  ad.  at        Sboa,  May,  June  (Sarru).         India  Muaeum  [F.]. 

etak. 
c.  Ad.  bL  Shea  {Harrit).  India  MuaeUm  [P.]. 

22.  CEENONETTA.  _^ 

Chenonetta,  Brandt,  Deter,  et  le.  An.  Batt.  Nov.  i.  p.  6 

(1836)  C.  jobata. 

ChlamTdocheD,  Bp.  Compt.  Bend.  zliiL  p.  648,  gen.  II 

(1856)  C.  jubata. 


Range.  Onfined  to  Anstralia. 

I.  (Aenonetta  jabata. 
Ilawkeabuiy  Duck,  I^UA.  Sun.  Suppl.  iL  p.  868,  %.  in  frontisraeca 

(1801). 
Anas  jubata,  iaM,  Ind.  Or».  App.  p.  kii,  n.  3  (1801)  i  VttULN.D. 

V.  p.  110  (1810)  i  Ihim.  Did.  Sc.  Nat.  vi.  p.  388  (1817) ;  Brandt, 

Ic.  An.  Boai.  Nov.  i.  p.  6  (1836). 
Ansar  aubata  (arore),  VieiH.  Ene.  Mfth.  i.  p.  368  (1823). 
Bernicla  jubata,  ^epi,  Oen,  Zool.  zii,  S,  p.  63  (1834) ;  Eyt.  Mm. 

Anat.  p.  80  (1938) ;  0.  B.  Gr.  Om.  B.  Sii.  p.  607,  n.  3  (1844) ;  id. 

LillB.Brit.Mu/i.iii.p.  138(1844);  Gould,  B.  Atutr.  vil -pi  IS 

(pt  ixi.,  1846);  Bcknb.  Si/n.  Av., Natatores,  t. 98. ff.  944-45  (1846), 

t  09.  ff.  l'362-53  (1850)   (r.r  Goidd) ;  Hartl.  Brit.  Nachtr.  Vogel- 
215  (1846) ;  Lkht.  NomeTicl.  Af.  p.  100  (1854) ; 


22.   CHXNONETTA.  141 

Branta  (Chlamydochen)  jubata,  Rams.  Pr,  Linn.  Soc.  N,  S.  W. 

ii.  p.  200,  n.  649  (1878)  ;  id.   Tab,  List  Austr.  B,  p.  22,  n.  660 

(1888). 
Anaer  (Brenthos)  jubatus,  Rchnw,  Om.   Centralbl.  1882,  p.  37 ;  id. 

Vog.  zool.  Gdrt.  p.  65  (1882). 
Chloephaga  jubata,  RogeroUf  Bull,  Soc.  Acclim.  1880,  pp.  478-486, 

560-676,  with  two  cuts. 
ChlamTdochen  jubatus,  Hein.  Sf  Rchnw,  Nom,  Mm,  Ilein.    Om. 

p.  Si2  (1800). 
Branta  jubata,  Hartert,  KaJt,  Vogtilsamml.  p.  227  (1801). 

AduU  male.  Head  and  neck  rich  brown  ;  the  lengthened  plumes 
down  the  back  of  the  neck  brown-black ;  back,  lesser  wing-coverts, 
and  tertiaries  grey  ;  lower  part  of  the  back,  rump,  and  upper  tail- 
coTcrts  black  ;  breast  grey,  each  feather  broadly  tipped  with  greyish 
white,  and  spotted  with  black  on  each  side,  giving  the  whole  a 
mottled  appearance;  sides  and  flanks  grey,  delicately  pencilled 
with  wavy  lines  of  black ;  abdomen,  vent,  and  under  tail-coverts 
deep  glossy  black  ;  scapulars  grey,  broadly  edged  on  the  outer 
web,  and  narrowly  on  the  inner,  with  black;  a  glossy  green 
speculum  across  the  secondaries,  which  are  broadly  tipped  with 
white ;  also  the  greater  wing-coverts  tipped  with  white,  the  white 
tips  forming  two  bands  above  and  below  the  speculum,  which  is 
black  anteriorly ;  bastard-wing,  primary-coverts,  and  primaries 
gloesy  brown-black ;  under  wing-coverts  and  under  surface  of  the 
quills  towards  the  base  white ;  tail  glossy  black :  *'  bill  olive-brown, 
irides  very  dark  brown ;  legs  and  feet  dark  brown "  (Gould). 
Total  length  20  inches,  wing  11,  tail  4,  culmen  1'15,  tarsus  1'42. 

FemdU,  Similar  to  the  male,  but  the  head  and  neck  paler  brown, 
the  former  speckled  with  white  on  the  sides  of  the  face ;  upper 
parts  greyish  brown,  scapulars  and  tcrtials  blackish  on  the  outer 
webs ;  green  speculum  less  conspicuous ;  breast,  sides,  and  flanks 
brown,  each  feather  broadly  barred  and  tipped  with  white ;  abdomen, 
vent,  and  under  tail-coverts  white. 

Hah.  Australia. 

a.  fS  ftd.  8t.  Australia. 

b.  S  *d.  sk.  Australia.  H.  J.  Elwes,  Esq.  [P.], 

c.  d!.  cJ  ?  ad.  sk.  Australia.  Salvin-Godman  ColJ.  ^ 
e.  J  ad.  sk.  Australia.  Lady  Carrington  [P.]. 
f-L  <J  5  ad.  sk.  N.W.  Australia.  Capt.  Bowser  Bower 

A:.  (^  ad.  sk.  ^^  .  Australia.  Capt.  Sir  G.  Grey  [P.]. 

/.  (^  imm.  sk.  W.  Australia,  April.  Hume  Coll. 

m.  cf  ad.  sk.  Queensland.  Mrs.  Simpson  [P.]. 

II,  o.  <J  $  ad.  St.  Murray  lliver.  Capt.  Sir  G.  Grey  [P.]. 


Subfamily  VU.  ANATIN^. 
Key  to  iJu  Qtnera. 

a.  Lower  portion  of  taiaua  in  front  mtlkout 

transverse    BcuteUie,    but    covered    witli 

amall  reticulate  scales 23.  Dxmdboctciia, 

b.  Lower  portion  of  tarsus  in  front  witt  a  row  [p.  144. 

of  transvene  scut cUb. 
V,  Wing-gpeeulum  more  or  lees  coub^ocuoiu, 
but  alwaje  present 
b".  Outer  web  of  tertiola  chestnut;  upper 
wing-coverts  white,  except  in  Chenalo- 
pex  jubalta,  which  has  them  black; 
sixe  rather  large. 
fi'.  Edges  of  the  bill  with  no  prominent 

lamellffi 24.  Chxnalopex, 

c".  Edges  of  the  bill  with  more  or  less  [p.  166. 

prominent  Umellie. 
c*.  Bill  broader  towards  the  tip  than 
at  the  buo ;  culmen  rather  con- 
cave ;  l&mellie  more  developed 
towards  the  tip  of  the  upper  man- 
dible ;  lower  mandible  with  the 
lamellm  not  projecting  outwardly ; 

feet  flesh-colour :  sexes  aimilar  . .  26.  Tadosna,  p.  170. 
ij*.  Bill  not  broader  towards  the  tip 
than  at  the  base ;  culmen  almost 
straight ;  lamella  eqoallj  deve- 
loped along  the  inner  edge  of  the 
Upper  mimdi'bK^ ;  kmellte  on  the 
edge  of  the  lower  maiidJble  pro- 


JLJXATIVM.  143 

/•.  Tertials  or  inner  second- 
aries sickle-shaped;  up- 
per and  under  tau- 
coverts  reaching  beyond 
the  tail;  centod  tail- 
feathers  not  lengthened 
beyond  the  tip  of  the 

lateral  ones 28.  Eunbtta,  p.  218. 

^.  Tertials  or  inner  second- 
aries  not  sickl^shapedy 
but  straight. 
^.  Bill  not  fringed  with  a 
soft   membrane    near 
the  tip  of  the  apical 
portion. 
g^\  Lamellae  of  the  upper 
mandible  quite  pro- 
minent; central  tail- 
feathers  scarcely  ex- 
tending beyond  the 
lateral  ones ;  specu- 
lum     black      out- 
wardly,  white    in- 
wardly       29.  Chaulelasmus, 

A^°.  Lamellffiof  the  upper  [p.  221. 

mandible     scarcely 
prominent;  central 
tail-feathers  more  or 
less  acuminate  and 
extending       some- 
what   beyond    the 
lateral  ones. 
h'K   Bill    smaU,    and 
gradually     taper- 
ing   towards  the 

tip  30.  Mabeca,  p.  227. 

t^K  Bill  moderate,  not 
gradually  tapering 
towards  the  tip, 
where  it  is  more 
rounded  and  com- 
paratively broader 
than  in  Mareca ; 
scapulars  and  ter- 
tials   longer    and 

narrower     31.  Nbttion,  p.  238. 

A".  Bill  fringed  on  the 
edges  of  the  apical 
portion  of  the  upper 
mandible  witli  a  nar- 
row soft  membrane. 
t^°.  Lamellae    extremely 

developed ;     wings  [p.  287. 

apt  for  flight 34.  Elasmonetta, 

p^.  Lamellae  moderate ; 

wings   very    small,  [p.  289. 

useless  for  flight  . .     :}o.  Nbsonbtta, 


f.   Tail    long,    with    the    central 
feathers  Teiy  long  and  acumi- 

/'.  Culmen  of  the  bill  iihnost 
straight ;  speculum  broader 
than  the  light  band  at  the  tip 

of  the  BecoDdaries   32.  Dafila,  p.  270. 

^.  Culmeu  not  quite  straight,  but 
somewhat  concave i  Bpeculum 
very  narrow,  much  narrower 
than  the  rufeacant  band  at 
the  tip  of  the  secondaries  . .  83.  P<scilon'btta, 
/*.  Upper  wing-coverts  blue  or  bluish  [p.  281. 

grey 3C.  Quebquxdula, 

e".  Bill  spatukte.  [p.  '.>90. 

g'.  No  soft  membrane  on  the  sides  of 
the  bill,  towards  its  tip;   upper 

wing-coverta  Mue    37.  Spatcla,  p.  306. 

A*.  BUI  with  B  soft  membrane  on  the 

sides,  towards  the  tip 38.  MALAGOBHYKCHrs, 

<i.  Speculum  wanting',  combined  with  general  [p.  319. 

colouring  greT  or  greyish  brown. 
i'.  Tail  normal,  of  mmlerate  length  ;  bill 
rather  lung,  equal  in  length  to  the 
head,  not  broader  at  the  tip  than  at 
the  Inse ;  culmen  distinctly  concave. .     39.  Mabmabonbtta, 
e".  Tail  very  short,  bill  broader  towards  [p.  320. 

the  tip  than  at  the  base. 
f.  Bill  longer  than  the  head,  at  the 
base  much  higher  than  broad,  with 
the  culmen  much  concave  and  with 
the  nwl  bent  backwards  as  in  Eri»- 

matura 40.  StKToxktta, 

^^  Bill  about   the  length   of  the  head,  [p.  324. 

neatly  as  high  as  broad  at  the  base. 


^^m                                           23.   DEISDHOCTCNA. 

145          ^H 

Keif  to  the  Sjxeit*. 

H 

a.  FeatLera  of  ihe  fltmkg  nonnul,  vii,  not  xary  long ; 

^^1 

a'.  Smaller  upper  wing-coverU  deep  chestnut. 
s".  Anierior  part  of  the  bead  and  throat  white. 

»idaata,  p.  U'i.                ^^1 

*■•.  Anterior  part  of  head  not  whit*. 

i*.  Upptjr  tail-coverU  whitish  buff,  uniromi 

or  Fpotied  with  bkck, 

black  walkings     

fiaw,  p.  i'^.              ^H 

c'.  Breast    mfous-chustDUt,   more  or  lets 

with  black  markiiiga 

amttata,  p.  1S8.                ^^M 

javanioa,  p.  150.                ^^1 

C  Smaller  upper  win^-coTerte  not  deep  chestnut. 

<■",  Abdomen  and  sides  uniform  black,  sbarpiv 
defin-d  from  the  breast,  or  whitish  with 

nazTOw  imyith  bftTB  j  quills  basally  white. 

^^1 

iP.     Mantla    cbeatnut,     uniform    with    the 

back 

aut»mtalii,^.lSO.             ^H 

1^-  Mantle   (^rinb    brown,   ahaxply   detiaed 

from  the  chestnut  back  

diMobr.  p.                          ^H 

a'.  Abdomen  and  sides  not  uniform  black,  but, 

like  th^  breast,  varied  with  white  or  black 

spots ;  quills  not  white  basdly. 

f.  Upper  tail-coverta  uniform  black ;  larger, 

wing  10-5  inches 

arbor«a,  p.  102.                     ^H 

f*.  Upper    tail-coverta    black,    with  white 

spots  or  bare ;  smaller,  wine  6*5  inchea. . 
t.  Feathers  of  the  Hanks  vorr  lung  and  acuminate  ; 

guttata,  p.  104.                   ^H 

under    wing-cotetts   banded;    wing   with    no 

chestnut  mloui;  sides  of  the   breast   reddish. 

barred  with  bkck     

^«„-.p.i,r..         ^m 

i .  Dendrocycna  vidnata. 

H 

Anas  vidual*.  Linn.  S.  N.  i.  p.  205,  n.  38 

(1766)   (Cartageoa,                H 

Jaemiin) ;  Jnegmn,  Beytr.  i.  p.  3,  n.  2,  t.  1 

(1784);  Gm.S.  N.                 ^M 

i.  a.  p.  6S8,  n.  38  (1788) ;  Lati.  Ind.  Om.  a.  p.  8S8,  n.  65  0700) ;                 ^H 

Bono.  Ef>f.M4fh.\.o.\SQ  [I'm;    Hm^.  JV.  D.t.  p.  164(1^16);                 ^| 

iJm.  Did.  tk.  Xat.  vi.  p.  383  (1817) ;    Wied,  Stue  nach  Una.                 ^| 

pp.  I«3. 168,  S07  ( IfcBO),  n.  p.  109  (1821) ;  Lidtt.  Fmr.  Z»ouW.  p.  84               ^1 

(1828) !  SUph.  Om.  Zool.  wi.  1,  p.  102  (1824 
p.6»4(1830i  Wied,  neitr.\y.D.&n  (Braxil) 
Tp.  448  (1830) ;  TWAad.',  Cbtw.  Av.  iVr.  n. 

-,  Leu.  Tr.  eTOm.               ^M 

\^2):  ^Orb.Voy.                 ^| 

S^  (Wiegm.  Areh.                 ^H 

1844, 1  p.  315) ;  Burm.  Tkiire  Brw>.  iii.  p.  434  0856).                                    ^H 

Cward  du  Maragnon,  D'Atibmt.  PI.  Bnl.  n.  80a 

^m 

Canard  k  face   blnnebe,  Suf.  Hitt.  y<a.    Oil. 

U.  p.  355  (1783) :               ^M 

ITAtara,  t'oy.  (fd.  Sonn.]iv.  p.  343  (1800). 

^ 

Kp.n»b  Duck,  part.,  Lalh.  Syn.  ui.  2,  p.  5S€,  n.  69  (1785).                                   ^H 
Au.  *4duata  fi,  Lalk.  hd.  Om.  ij.  p.  §68,  n.  663  (1790).                                    ^1 

I'aM>  .ara  blauca,  D'Azara,  Apunt.  ui.  p.  440,  n 

gUftV). 

An»*  Wropsia,  rieill.  (nee  Brrhal.)  ft".  D.  v.  p. 
Ueodroc-jKna  liduat*,  Eyt.  Mm.  Anal.  p.  flO 

43.5  (1805)  (Para-                  ^H 

16  (1816).                                 ^1 

(1838);  ».  if.  6V.                  ^1 

TOt.  XJTU. 

J 

Z*rt  B.  Br.  JftM.  iii.  p.  132  (Brazil)  (1844) ;  BarU.  Vtrz.  Oet. 
Mut.  p.  118  (1844) ;  0.  R.  Or.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  612,  n.  6  (1846) ; 
Bchnb.  Syn.  Av.,  Natatorea,  t  89.  ff.  173-74  (1846) ;  Tich.  Fatm. 
Per.,A:<ieA,'a.M{\»m-AQ);HarU.Ind.Aiar.Aptmt.-a.^,ii.4S!i 
(1847) ;  GA.  m  Sckonib.  Oiaana,  iii.  p.  762  (1848) ;  Bhth,  Cat  3, 
Mu».  A.  8.  B.  p.  301  (1849) ;  LuM.  Tfonuncl.  Av.  p.  103  (South 
Amer.)  (1864);  Bp.  Compt.  Satd.  xHii.  p.  649,  n.  55  (1866); 
Later.  Ann.  life.  A  ¥.  vil.  p.  274  (Cuba)  (1860) ;  flurm.  J.f.  O. 
1860,  p.  266  (Tucuman) ;  id.Za  Ptatn-Beitt,  ii.  p.  615  (Tucuman) 
(1861);  Alhrteht,  J.f.  O.  1861,  p.  214;  Oandi.  J.f.  O.  1861, 
p.  344,  1862,  p.  179  (Cuba) ;  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  209  (Guiana, 
Brazil,  Parapiay,  etc.) ;  Oiauil.  Sepert.  Fimeo-Nat.  Cuba,  i.  p.  388 
(1866) ;  L4at.  Oil.  Trm.  p.  609  (Tnnidad)  (1860)  ;  Scht.  4-  Salv. 
P.  Z.  S.  1866,  p.  200  (Ucayali) ;  Sehkff.  Mm.  P.-B.,  Aaserea,  p.  90 
<1866) ;  Sdat.  ^  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1869,  p.  160  (Rep.  Arg.) ;  Bs/t. 
Son.  Anat.  p.  61  (1869)  ;  Peh.  On.  Bra*,  pp.  318,  469,  Iviii 
(1870);  Seinh.  Meddd.  Fork.  1870,  p.  21  (Brazil);  O.  B.  Or.  • 
Hand-lut,  iii.  p.  79,  n.  10613  (1871);  Burm.  P.  Z.  S.  1872, 
p.  367 ;  Sdat.  ^  Sah.  P.  Z.  &  1873,  p.  304  (Ucayali) ;  iid. 
Ifomenel.  p.  129,  n.  5  (1873) ;  Cout*,  B.  If.-  Wat,  p.  669  (1874) ; 
Chatdl.J.f.  O.  1875,  p.  377  (Cuba);  Gieb.  Thet.  Orn.  ii.  p.  31 
(1875)  ;  Sdat.  i^  Sale.  P.  Z.  8.  1876,  p.  376 ;  Durvfird,  Ibis,  1878, 
p.  64  (BuenoB  Ayrea) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  6(W ;  Rcknv>.  Om. 
Centram.  1882,  p.  22  ;  Sdid.  Lut  Vert.  An.  8th  ed.  p.  426  (1883) ; 
B.,  B.,  Ii-  R.  Water-Birdi  2f.  Am.  i.  p.  481  (1884) ;  Gary,  LUt  B. 
W.  Ind.  i.  p.  30  (1886) ;  Salv.  Ibis,  1886,  p.  172 ;  Tacz.  Om.  Pir. 
iii  p.  471  (Paru)  (1886);  Bmtt,  Sev.  Cienl.  Univ.  ftnir.  Venez. 
i.  p.  43  (Veneauela)  (1887)  ;  Berl.  J.  f.  O.  1887,  pp.  33,  124 
(Paraguay) ;  Ridow.  Han.  N.  Am.  B.  p.  110  (1887) ;  Cory,  Auk, 
1888,  f.  60;  id.  S.W. Ind.  p. 261  (1889) ;  Fetid.  Ibii,  1889, p. 600 
(Barbados) ;  Selat.  Argmt.  Om.  ii.  p.  128  (1889) ;  Bartert,  Eat. 
VogebammJ.  p.  228,  n.  3384(1891) ;  Kerr, Ibit,  1892,  p.  146  (Lower 
Pilcomayo)  ;  Berl.  ^  Stolxm.  P.  Z.  S.  1892,  pp.  399,  408  (Peru)  ; 
CAapm.  Bull.  Am.  Mvt.  Hat.  Hitt.  1894,  p.  82  CTruudiKl.) 


23.  DEirrBOCTCKA. 


147 


Bfugl.J.f.  0.1863,  p.  164:  i7artm.  iWrf.  p.  463 ;  HarllP.Z.S. 
1S63,  p.  lot)  (Kaieh,  E.  Africa) ;  Rock  ^  E.  Neict.  Jbit,   1863, 

£174   (Madnmcar)  ;    E.   j\'e»(.   ibid.    p.   452    (inttoduced   in 
auritiuB) ;  &£if.  P.Z.S.  1864,  p.  114  (Menin^E.  Afr.),p.299; 
Antin.  Cat.  Deter,  f.  113(1864);  Sarin.  J./.  O.  ISM,  p.  160; 

A.  Ntwt.  P.  Z.  8.  Ifm,  p.  837  (Madagascar);  Tini.  Tw.  d 
Madm/.  p.  4  (1866) ;  Sehlis-  P.  Z.  S.  1866,  p.  426  (Mad^ascar, 
Reunion,  Mavotte) ;  id.  Mat.  P.-S.,  Anseree,  p.OO  (1866) ;  £iyard, 
Birds  S.  Afr.  p.  349  (1867) ;  Grand.  Rev.  ft  Mag.  Zool  1868, 
p.  6;  ScAlrff.  ^  Poll.  SecA.  faun,  de  Madag.  p.  143  (1608); 
Oiapm.  Trav.  &  Afr.  ii.  App.  p.  423  (1868) ;  -Hwiffi.  ftrmn.  Geogr. 
Mitth.  18(10,  p.  413 ;  id.  Jteue  m  d.  Geb.  d.  WeUs.  NU,  1863-64, 
pp.  6],  384  (1880) ;  Finich  ^  Hartl.  rUg.  Ost-Afr.  p.  800  (1870) ; 
O.  S.  Or.  Band-lilt,  iii.  p.  79,  n.  10613  (part)  (1871);   Andern. 

B.  Damara  Land.  p.  338  (1872) ;  Savl-  Om.  N.O.-Afr.  iL  2, 
p.  1298  (1S73) ;  RchnD.  ^  Lahder,  J.f.  0.  1873,  p.  211  ;  Edmui. 
J./.  O.  1874.  p.  374  (Gold  Coast) ;  Bartl.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  68 
{Hftdagucu) ;  Bocagt,  J.  f.  O.  1876,  p.  394  (HoMoniedes),  p.  434 
(Biasao);  ficAnw.  J.f.  O.  1877,  p.  11  (Loango) ;  JlarU.  Vog. 
Madag.  p.  358  (1877);  Fitch.  ^  Rc^w.  J.f.  6.  1878,  p.  318 
(Ori-Tana);  Fiteher,  ibid.  p.  2IW,  1879,  pp.  295,  296;  ScUU. 
P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  E09 ;  SMI.  P.  Z.  S.  1881,  p.  601  (Vgogo) ;  Sah. 
Cbt.  B.  Strickl.  CoB.  p.  580  (Kordofan)  {1882) ;  BWiS  *  JW». 
BtUr.  Om.  8.-Afr.  p.  328  (1882);  MUne-Edto.  ^  Grand.  Oil. 
Madag.  p.  729,  pi.  cctotv.  f.  6  (head)  (1882) ;  Sharpe,  Layard^t 
B.  S.  Afr.  p.  751  {1&84) ;  id.  Joum.  Linn,  Soc.,  Zeof.  xrii.  p.  441 
(Njam-Nyam)  (1884)  ;  Salrad.  Am.  Mm.  Cic.  Gm.  (2)  i.  pp.  242 
(8ho«),  270  (Lake  Oto)  (18*4) ;  Bohm,  J.f.  O.  1885,  pp.  38,  62, 
66,  67,113;  FitcA.  ibid.  f.U5;  fiH^if. /i«,  1885,  p.  414  (Sgwali) ; 
BarteH,  J.f.  0. 1886,  p.  612  (Niger-Ben  ue ) ;  Duboi*,  BvU.  Mut. 
Sev-  fB.  y.  Selg.  iv.  p.  U9.  n.  192  (1886)  (Tanganyika); 
Ayrtt.  Ou,  1867.  p.  64 ;  Itchnw.  J.  f.  0. 1887,  p.  46  (Kageh!) ; 
Mafiekit.  J.f.  O.  1887,  pp.  137,  144:  Skell.  Ibu,  1838,  p.  307 

Suignni):  Sahad.  Aw.  Mia.  Cit.  Gen.  (2)  vi.  p.  320(1886); 
utr.  Oif.  CU/.  £.  p.  51  ( 1S8S) ;  £enJ. /Au,  1892,  p.  2-27  (Gambia) ; 

SOrte,  Ibi*.  1802,  pp.  262,  268,  ^70  (MndBgwcar) ;  Saivad.  Mem. 

B.  Ac.  Se.   Tar.  (2|  ilJv.  p.  561  (Somali)  (1894) ;   Sehnw.  VSg. 

Di-uttch-Oa-Afr.  p.  27,  fig,  p.  28  (1894). 
Dcodtocvgna  peraotiata,  Wiirtlemb.  in  Utt.,fidt  Bartl,  Jardtn^n  Qmtr. 

Om.  1850.  p.  140;  id.  J.f.  O.  1654.  p.  304;  Bp.  Compt.  Bend. 

xial.  p.  649,  D.  64  (1856) ;  Kirk,  Jbit,  1861,  p.  338  (Zambesi) ; 

a-Aw.  J.f.  O.  1830.  p.  107  (Kamernn), 
Ucndrocygnua  viduatus,  Brehm,  J.f.  O.  1855,  p.  488. 
Dcndrocygua   viduato    personata,   Rehnw.   J.  f.    O.   1689,   p.   281} 

(Quilimane)   ;  BarUrf,  Eat.  VogeUomnd.  p.  228.  n.  3386  (1801) ; 

Bikntc   MiOh.   Naturh.    Mut.   at   Hamb.   x.   p.   6   (Qiuliaiane) 

(1883).* 

*  I  ban  verj  little  doubt  that  the  rolluwing  refsrencea  belong  lo  Ibe  pteseat 
nMiW;  SonDarat'a  bird,  (rhiob  luu  never  been  properl;  ideDtified,  va<  probnblf 
»«D  lb  Cap*  of  Good  Hope:— 

Im  pMite  Saroolk  it  I'iale  de  LufOn.  Sonn.  t'oy,  Sbuv.  Gvin.  p.  91,  pi.  55 

(1776). 
ItaniUa  Teal,  Uti.  Sgn.  iii.  2,  p.  557.  n.  OS  (17S5). 

tuDltioolor.  Sl-op.  Del.  Fler.  el  Faun.  IttMbr.  ii.  p.  92,  n.  74  (1786) 
'         of). 

enns,  Cm.  8.  S.  i.  p.  523,  n.  91  (1788) ;  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  ii. 


148  AirATn>.s. 

Adtdt,  Fore  part  of  t^  head,  chin,  and  spot  on  the  middle  of  the 
tliToat  white ;  bock  of  the  head  and  npper  port  of  the  neck  black, 
lower  neok  cheetnnt ;  book  and  ecapulars  brown,  the  feathers  of  the 
npper  part  of  the  bock  with  narrow  fulvooB  bars,  the  feathers  of  the 
middle  part  of  the  back  and  the  scapolan  mai^ined  with  fnlTons ; 
in  the  oentre  of  the  back  a  ehestnat  patch  ;  lower  back,  rump,  and 
upper  tiul-ooTerts  black ;  centre  of  the  nnderparts,  Tent,  and  under 
tsu-ooTerts  black ;  sides  and  flanks  whitiah  buff,  barred  with  black ; 
lefMT  wing-ooverta  chestnut,  remainder  of  the  wing-ooTerts  slaty 
blac^  the  median  ones  and  the  tertials  with  on  olive  tinge ;  quills 
brown-black;  tail  black;  iris  dark  brown:  "  bill  with  nail  black, 
with  a  grey  cresoent-like  band  behind  the  nail ;  tarsi  and  fert  with 
membranes  lead-oolonr"  {Wud),  Total  length  about  I7'5  inches, 
wing  9,  tail  2-5,   culmen  2,  tarsns  Id. 

Femalt.  Similar. 

IvoMivirt  birdt  have  the  middle  of  the  abdomen  whitjsh  mixed 
witbblaok. 

Tmmg  in  down.  Pale  greyish  brown  above,  whiHah  below  and  on 
the  sides  of  the  head ;  a  dark  band  through  the  eyes  from  the 
fbrehead  backwards  ;  a  white  band  across  tiie  occipnt ;  four  whitish 
spots  on  the  sidee  of  tlie  back  and  two  lower  down  on  the  sides  of 
tSe  ramp. 

There  is  no  tangible  difference  between  the  American  and 
African  birds ;  oocaaionally  specimens  from  both  localities  have  the 
white  of  the  head  slightly  tinged  with  fulTous,  and  the  white  spot 
on  tiie  middle  of  the  throat  not  separated  by  a  black  band  from  the 
iriiite  of  the  chin. 

Bah,  Woflt  Indies,  Sonth  America  as  far  sonth  as  Argentine 
Repnblio,  Africa  south  of  the  Sahara,  and  Madagascar. 


w 

"^!^ 

14»        ^1 

^M  s- 

Brazil. 

Lord  Stuart  de  Roth*           ^^H 

.say  [P.],                                ^M 

Solvin-GodmauOolL           ^H 

^B      A.  c^  ML  ak. 

Cuvaba,       Braii!,      March 
Bahia,  firniil  ( Wwihtra-). 

^B 

SalTin-OodmanColl.           ^^| 

^H      /.  cj'  Bd.  ak. 

Buenos  Ayres,  Sept. 

U.    Uuniford,    B»q.            ^H 

^" 

.4/Vicaii  tpecimena. 

«.  PuU-rt. 

?  W.  Africa. 

Purchased.                           ^H 

«.  Ad-dt. 

Gamtna. 

H.  J.    Etwee,    Eeq.           ^H 

«.  Ad.«k. 

Fantee. 

IL  V.  Bliasett,  Esq.            ^H 
Shelley  ColL                           ^| 

».  Ad.  8k. 

Fmtee  (Utiher). 

f-J.  d  2  •d.  ak. 

Aam,  }iayt  J.  SmxM. 

ShelleT  UoU.                           ^H 

«.  .\d.»k. 

Benue  B. 

Capt.  Mochler  Peny-             ^H 

f^  V.  Ad.  It.  ot 
•k. 
^^        *.  Ad.  «k. 

Lake  Tchad. 

M^Denham  [P.].               ^H 

Njam-Djam. 

F.    Bohndorff,  Esq.            ^H 
F.  J    JackH.li,  Eeq.            ^| 
Bhellev  CoU.                           ^H 

^H      y.$  ad.sk. 

Lamu,  Aug, 

^1      ^ 

HAmboio  [Kirk). 

^B         d'.    Ad.Bk. 

^H     »\«',<f.  d  Sad. 

LAe     Shirwa,    NyasM-land, 

Shelley  Coll.                        ^H 
H.  H.  JohuBton,  Esq.              ^H 

H 

Feb,  ( »-%<«). 

■ 

^H     •-.  Ad. 

Lake  NyaiM  (f  ■>■«). 

Livinirstone  Esped,                ^^H 

^H    /<-5'.  Ad.sk. 

Zarabeai  [BrwUhaw). 

Shelley  Coll.                         ^H 

^1     A.  Ad.  .k. 

Zambe»i  {Kirk). 

Liviti)r»tone  Exp.                    ^^| 

^H     )*.  $  Bd.  sk. 

Potchefstroom,      Nov.      (J. 
T<,yhr). 

SHli-iu-Godman  Ooll.             ^H 

^»      »'.  Jut.  8k. 

No  localiw. 

1              r.  Ad.  ak. 

Madagascar. 

Purchased.                             ^H 

wt.  Ad.  ak. 

We«t  of  .A-ntananarivo,  Uada- 
gnectr,  July  {Dta-u  Coiom). 

TweeddaleCoU.                    ^H 

I .-.  Ad.ak. 

Seebohm  ColL                    ^^| 

^H      a*.  Skeleton. 

2.  Deiidroc7cna  fnlva. 

■ 

^1             MHlouin  du  Kleiique.  JJru'o.  0/-».  d.  p.  390  (Mexico)  (1700),                         ^H 

^H              Feofitoped)' 

DBTicana,  £rua.  ibid. 

^H            MeJiimi  Pocfaud,  XoM.  Syfl.  ui.  S,  p.  634  (17Bfi].                                         ^H 

^H              AuM  Mva,  f?rR.  5.  N.  i.  p.  530,  n.  100  (1788)  \ex  Brluon) ;  LaA.              ^H 

^H                  /n/j,  Om. 

u.  p.  863,  n.  79  (171)0)  ;  Bonn. 

Enc.  Mali.  i.  p.  137              ^^ 

^M                (1700) :  r>rtU:  iV.  X>.  V.  p.  127  (ISIB) ;  IHm.  Dkt.  &.  ifat.  -n.            ^H 

^M                   p.  SSJ  (1817)  1  Wasl.  Im,  1831,  p.  532  (Mexico) ;  Wud.  BeUr.iv.              ^H 

H              r«t«  TOXO  r 

13)  (Brazil) ;  Bwm.  ^nt.  Uth.  Thifr.  Bra*,  iii.  p.  436              ^H 

negro,  Axara,  Apmt.  iii.  p.  443,  n.  436  (Pangoay)             ^H 

^B                  (1805}  1  ti, 
^H                Anu  bicolor 

rov.,  &nn.  erf.  iv.p,  344(18091 

,  rieiU.  fi.  D.  V.  p.   136  (1810)  (,j-  .^a<ra) ;  id.   Enc.               ^H 

^1                    .V«(A.  i.  p. 

355(ie33>;  fi.  ^.  Gr.  ««i.  i(.  i 

ii.  p.  610,  a.  17  (1846),             ^H 

^H                  App.  p.  28  (1^9);    Hartl.  Ind.  Atara.  p.  ^,  n.  43(1  (1647);             ^H 

■             i:^.  bu. 

rrin.  p.  5U  (Trinidad)  (ISIW) ; 

£»rm,  P.  Z.  8.  1672,              ^H 

^H                 p.  870  (Pa»D&). 

J 

Asu  TirgatA,  Wied,  Bate  Bnu.  i.  p.  323  (1820). 

Fnligtda  Mva,  Steph.  Gen.  Zool.  xii.  1,  p.  204  (1824). 

Fuluula  biniloT,  Steph.  I.  c.  p.  208  (1824). 

DendroDessa  fulva,  Wt^l.  Int,  1832,  p.  282. 

Nytoca  fulTa,  O.  S.  Or.  Qen.  S.  iU.  p.  621,  n.  7  (1844). 

Anas  sinuata,  Licht.  in  Mut.  Berol.  (jMe  Bp.). 

Anas  collvis,  Merrem  {ntc  Donov.)  in  Eiich  u.  Qru6.  Enc.  sect,  i. 

ToL  zxzT.  p.  81  (1841)  (iM-  Axara). 
Dendrocjgna  fulya,  Btirtl.  Sutt.  Vers.  Get.  Mia.  p.  118,  n.  8  (Brazil) 

(1844);   LicM.  Xomend.  Av.  p.  102  (1864);  Bp.  Compt.  Send. 

xliii.  p.  640,  n.  68  (1856) ;  Baird,  B.  JV.  Am.  p.  770  (Oalilbniia) 

(1858)  ;  id.  op.  cit.  ed.  1860,  pi.  83.  f.  1 ;   iiL   Cat.  iV.  Am.  B. 

n.  576  (1859) ;  Xanttu,  JV.  Ae.  Pkilad.  1869,  p.  192  (Fort  Tejon) ; 

Bnrm.  J.f.  O.  1860,  p.   266  (Tucuman) ;  id.  La  Ftata-Seae.  ii. 

p.  614  (1861);  Sclat.  P.  Z.  8.  1864,  p.  301,  1866,  p.  149;  Dreu. 

aU,  1866,  p.  42  (Texag) ;    Covet,  Pr.   Ac.  Philad.  1866,  p.  98 

(Amona) }  Sehl^.  Mut.  P.-B.,  Ansores,  p.  87  (1866) ;  Moore,  Am. 

Sat.  iv.  p.  126  (1871)  (New  Orleans,  iKiuisiana) ;  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S. 

1867,  p.  687  (Zool.  Gard.) ;  Sdal.  *  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1869,  p.  635 

(Argentina) ;  Bluth,  Ibit,  1870,  p.  176  (=inaior)  ;  Pels.  Om.  Brat. 

pp.  819,  459  (1870) ;  Q.  R.  Gr,  Sand-litl,  iii.  p.  79,  n.   10616 

(Wl);^!.^.^.  Z.S.  ]872,p.S67;  Ow»,iiy,  p.  284(1872) ;  »rf. 

Otedt-litt,  a.  466  (1873) ;  Sdat.  ^  Salv.  Nomenel.  p.  129  (187S); 

Coaet,  B.  N.'  Wett,  p.  668  (1874) ;  Later.  Mem.  Boet.  Soc.  N.  B.  li. 

p.  818  (1874);  Oieb.  Thet.  Om.  ii.  p.  31  (1876):  Sdat.  ^  Salv. 

P.  Z.  8.  1876,  p.  372 ;  Dumf.  Hit,  1878,  p.  63 ;  MerriU,  Pr.  U.S. 

Nat.  Mut.  i.  p.  170  (1878)  ;  JfcAnic.  Om.  Centraibl.  1882,  p.  22 ; 
White,  P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  625;  Gmet,  Check-litt,  2nd  ed.  p.  112, 

n.  705  (1882) ;    Sdat.  Litt  Vert.  An.  8th  ed.  p.  427  (1883) ; 

Oauet,  Kes,  2nd  ed.  p.  689,  n.  705  (1884) ;  Taez.  Om.  Pir.  iii. 

p.  470  (Moyobamba)  (1886)  \  A.O.U.  Code  of  Horn,  and  C%<cfc- 

lift,  p.  129,  n.  178  (1886) ;  Bidgw.  Mm.  N.  Am.  B.  p.  119  (1887) ; 

Bert.  J.  f.   0.  1887,  p.  124;  Sdal.  Arg.  Om.  n.  p.  126  (1S89); 

Triitr.  Cat.  Colt.  B.  p.  51  (W.  Mexico)  (1889);  AUen,  Bull.  Am. 

Mut.  N.  H.  ii.  p.  2I!9  (1689) :    S/iarpe,  Cat.  Osteol.  " 


23.   DEHDBOCTCRA. 


151 


P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  1046  (MadagaecM,  Zool.  Garf.) ;  SehUg.  ^  FoU. 

SkL  Fam.  Madag.  p.  161   (1866);  \Blyth,  IbU,  1870,  p.   176 

(=fiilTa) ;  Bimgl.  Om.  N.O.-Afr.  u.  p.  1303  (1873) ;  Gieb.  Thtt. 

Ora.  ii.  p.  31  (MadairasCM)  (1875) ;  Marti.  Vog.  Madag.  p.  350 

(1877)  i  Sibrte,  Ibis,  1893,  p.  270  (Madaf[as»»r). 
DendrocTgna  afiicana,  G.  S.  Gr.  Hand-iUt,  iiL  p.  79,  n,  10(309  (1871) 

lUugl.  Om.  N.O.-Afr.  ii.  p.  1304  (1873);   id.  ly.   cit.  ISacAHx. 

p.(acii(l87l). 
Dendrocygafi  lulva,  Fmtch  ^  Bartt.  Fog.  Oti-Afr.  p.  808  (Sen 

Kordofan)  (1870) ;  Jlewfl.  On,.  S.O.-A/r.  ii.  p.  1301  (1873) 

op.  cit.  Nachtr.  p.  cicix  (1871 1) ;  &lat.  ^  Saie.  P.  Z.  S.  1876, 

^  372  (part.)   {MadagaMar);    Hartl.  Abh.  Brtm.  1882,  p.   216 

(Lado) ;  Bolub  ^  Pels.  BrUr.  Om.  S.-AJr.  p.  328  (1882) ;  Sahad. 

Ann.  Mut.   Cic.  Gen.  (2)  i.  p.  243  (Sboa)  (1884);  Duboix,  BvU. 

Mm*,  fty.  d-Jl.  y.  de  Beig.  iv.  p,  149,  d.  191  (188(1)  (Tanganyika) 

Ke/Utte.  J./.  O.  1887,  p.  46  (Kagehi)  j  Salvad.  Atiu.  Mw>.  Civ 

Gen.  (2)  vi.  p.  320  (Slioa)  (1888) ;  BcAiiw.  Fog.  Dailieh-Ost-Afr 

p.  27  (1^94). 
Dendrocycna  major,  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  510  (Ewt  -Ifiiea,  Mada- 

gaecar). 
Ilemlrocygna  arcuat8,VRr.  major,  Milne-Edw.  S(  Orand.  Oit.  Madag. 

p.  731,  pi.  cckiii,  (bird),  udxiiii.,  cclxiiy.  (osteoIoRT),  celxxr.  a. 

f.S  (head)  (1882). 

DtJDdrocvima  mojor,  Jvrd.  Madr.  Joum,  xil  p,  218,  n.  377  (1840); 
id.  lU.  hd.  Om.  pi.  23  (1843)  i  G.  H.  Or.  LiU  ^.  B.  Br.  Mue. 


i.  p,  612,  n.  2  (1845) ;  Bartl.  Erit. 
218  (1846);  BIgth,  Orl.  B.  Miu. 


iiL  p.  131(1844);  id.  Gen.  i 

yaeAtr.   Fogrltamml.  p.  19. 

A.  S.  B.  p.  301,  n.  1761  (1849)  [Lower  Bengal)  ;  Meknb.  Sgn.  Ao., 

Natatores,  t.  100.  t  2768  (ez  Jerdon)  (I860) ;  Jerd.  B.  o/lnd.  iii. 

p.  700  (sjn.  emend.)  (1864) ;  Selat.  P.  Z.  S.  1861,  p.  300  (India) ; 

Bfytii,  Ibit,  18&5,  p.  39 (India),  16W;,  p.  149  (India)  :  SchUg.  Mu$. 

P.-B.,  Anseres,  p.  90  (1866) ;  Blyth,  Ibi$,  1867 ji,  175;  Eyt.  Sm, 

Ama.  D.  59  (evn.  emend.)  (1869) ;  G.  B.  Or.  Sand-Ua,  in.  p/ig, 

n.  10611(1871);  .ffuDi«,A>«te(in(f^(,  p.  640(1873);  Qieb.Thei. 

Orn.  ii.p.  31  (India)  (1875);  H«me,  Str.  Feath.  id.  D.im  (Cpf^i 

Pegu)  (1875) ;  Sflai.  If-  Salv.  P.  Z  S.  1870,  p.  373 ;  Wardl.  Bona. 

Ibu,  1877,  p.  472  ;  Br/mw.  Om.  Centraldl.  1882,  p.  22 ;  Sclot.  Lilt 

Frrt.  An.  ISlli  ed.  p.  427  (1883). 
DendrocTgna  arcuata,  tu.  major,  Bp.   Compt.  Band,  xliii.  p.  640, 

11.53  d  (1866). 
Dcndrocygiui  fulva,  Sdat.  *  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  372  (India) ; 

Sume  4-  Davit.  Str.  Feath.  vi.  p.  488  (1878) ;  Hume,  Str.  Featk. 

rii-p.  463(1879),viii.  p.  115,n.953  (1879);  Legge,  B- qf  Qyl. 

p.  1069,  06*.   (1880) ;  Stone  ^  Marth.  Game  Birdi,  iu.  p.  119, 

pi.  Ifi  (1880) :  Parker,  Str.  Feath.  is.  p.  487  (1881) ;   Oatei,  Sir. 

Jiath.  X.  p.  245  (1882)  i  id.  B.  Br.  Burmah,  ii.  p.  274  (1883) ; 

Jittmr.yiit4^lMg,(0ate»'ed.),m.^.  2m  11890)  i  Sartert,  Kat. 

VogeUammi.  p.  2K.  n.  3386  (Calcutta)  (1891). 
DendrocTcna  major,  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.   510  (Indial ;    BcHnw. 
Vog.  'd.   coot.   GhH.  p.  60  (1882) ;    Tridr.   Cat.   C-U.   B.  p.  51 

(Kumcbee)  (l!<89). 

Adnlt.   Head,  neck,  and  lower  parte  deep  reddish  ochraceous, 
into  cinnamon  oq  the  flanks,  where  the  longer  featbors  havo 


152  urnxDM, 

a  broad  meual  stripe  of  pale  ochraoeooB,  boidered  by  dusky  ;  crown 
ferruginonB,  nape  with  a  distiQct  brown-blaok  stripe,  commencing 
at  the  ocoipat;  middle  of  the  neck  whitiab,  ntiiiately  streaked 
with  dusky  od  the  edges  of  the  feathers ;  prerailing  colour  above 
brownish  black,  the  dorsal  and  scapular  feathers  broadly  edged  with 
cinnamon  colour,  giving  a  barred  appearance ;  lesser  wing-coverts 
chestnut;  npper  and  under  t^-corerte  huSy  whit«  ;  quills  and  tail 
dark  brown ;  "  bill  bluish  black,  legs  bright  slaty  blue  "  (Merrill)  ; 
"irides  hiown"  (Whiu).  Total  length  18-20  inches,  wing  8*10- 
8-90,  toil  2-2,  culmen  1-66-1-95,  tarsus  2-10-2-4,  middle  toe  2-30- 
2*8. 

Female  asaia. 

Yoong  bird*  bsve  reiy  little  cbeetnnt  colour  on  the  smaller  upper 
-wing-coTerta :  the  nnderparts  paler ;  the  upper  tail-coverts  narrowly 
margined  with  brown. 

Young  in  dwnn.  Upper  parts  greyish  brown  ;  lower  parts  whitish  ; 
a  white  band  across  the  ocdpnt,  isteiTupted  by  the  brown  band 
-which  runs  along  the  hind-neck  ;  a  brown  band  from  the  ean  to  the 
hind-neck ;  no  white  patches  on  the  sides  of  the  back ;  a  whitish 
band  across  the  wing. 

Sab.  America  (&om  Sontham  border  of  the  United  States  to 
Uezico),  and  then  from  TenezQela  and  Fem  to  Argentine  Republic ; 
Africa  south  of  the  Sahara,  and  Madagascar ;  Asia,  the  greater 
part  of  India  and  Rnrmah. 

«.  Ad.  bL  No  locality  (Sfatutia  CoU.).         E.  Wilson,  Esq.  [P.]. 

Amtriean  tptnment. 

I.  (J  od.  sk.            Galveston,  Texas,  June  (7/. -E.  Sal rin-Godman  Coll, 

Dretser). 

e-h.  {?  g  lul.  all.     Corpus    Cbrieti,  _TeMj,  May,  Salvin-Godiuan  Coll. 


23.    DENDBOCTC.VA.  153 

\a  PUt«,  Bueoos  Avrea,  Nov.     Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
(B.  H".  WhiU).    ' 

Afriean  ipedimm. 
Lasdona,  Conga  (I.  Pelii).  Shelley  Coll. 

Pslomtd    R..    Shirwa    Plains,    H.  H.  Jobnston,  Esq. 


Aug,  (A.  rrhyte). 
/-*'.  cf  5  id.  dt.    Lake  Shirwa,  Feb.  {A.  WAjfte). 


I 


r  Ad.  d. 

m'.  Ad.ak. 

r*.  JTuv.  ak. 
«'.  <f  ftd.  »k. 

«t  imm.  «k. 
(f  ad.  sk 


Indian  apeeirMni. 


Sindh,  Dec.,  Jan. 
nylnibftd. 
Bhawulpoi 
Nepal  (Hodgi 
CalculU,  Not. 


Dec. 


CalcutlA,     Nor.,     Dec.,     Jan. 

Feb.,  March  (.4.  O.  H.). 
Tonghoo,  July  {R.  G.  W.  R.). 


ft",  f".  <;  2  ad.     LowM  Pegu,  July. 


[P.]. 
H.  H.  JoUnaton,  E«q. 

[P.]. 

FuKhased. 

India  Museum  [P.]. 

Hume  Coll. 

India  MuBeum. 

Hume  Coll. 

India  Museum  [P.I. 

Col.    J.  Biddulph 

[C.]. 
Hume  Coll. 

Tweeddale  Coll. 
E.   W.  Gates,  Esq. 
[C.]. 
.  oaeietoD. 

3.  DeodTOc^cna  arcuata. 

Anfu  javBnicH,  var.  8,  Uor>f.  Tram.  Linn.  Soe.  »iii.  p.  200  (1891) 
(Java). 

Abm  aicuaU,  Cue.  in  Mii*.  Paru  •  ;  Jlonf.  Zool.  Ret.  in  JaM, 
pi.  65  (1333)  (JftTa);  Lea.  Tr.  d'Orn.  p.  634  (1831)  (Java); 
yin»ch,  Nfu-fSuin.  p.  183  (1865)  (Port  Eednirton,  Amboina, 
Celebes,  Jnva)  :  Rouab.  Bfitt.  naar  Gretmnkb.  p.  118  (ISTo). 

DeDdroDeiifia  arcuata,  Wagl.  Ini,  1832,  p.  382. 

DeudMCTSna  aj-cuata,  Sw.  Ciaiti.  B.  li.  n.  365  0887):  ?  Hartl. 
Vm.  'Qu.  Mui.  p.  118  (IHU) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  612,  n.  1 
fl845)  (excl.  iyn);  OoaM,  B.  Auitr.  vii.  pL  14  (1840)  j  RchtA. 
Vos.  XeuAoa.  p.  521  (1851) ;  ?  Roienb.  N.  T.  S.  L  ixv.  p.  256, 
n.  301  (1863)  1  id.  J.f.  O.  1864,  p.  138,  n.  301 ;  Rana.  Ibi»,  1665, 
p.  87;  Digsl  Om.  Atutr.  pi.  114.  f.  2  (pt.  xxi,  1870) ;  Li^«,  B. 
^  Ccy/.  p.  10*10  (1830) :  SalsaA.  Am.  Mv».  Civ.  Gen.  nviu.  p.  400, 
11.2(18®);  Bitu.J.f.  O.  1884,  p.  919  (S.E.  Bijmeo) ;  9  Harlfrt, 
Kat.  Vogflmmml.  p.  229(1891);  Wigtrne.  Aeet  Pi-li/nrs.  p.  69, 
n.  346  (1891). 

Aw  badis,  S.  Mm.  Verh.  Land-  en  VaOtenk.  p.  159  (1839-44) 
(Moluccas,  descr.  nulla). 

Deodiocygna  Titans,  ^fl.  MS. ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Lift  Spec.  B.  Brit.  Mu*. 
iii.  p.  131  (1&)4,  Mnnitln,  deecr.  nulla) ;  t'liuer,  Zuol.  Tap.  pi.  U6 
(1649)  (Manilla) :  RcAiit/.  ^.  Av.,  Natatorea,  t.  eclxxxvii.  f.  2301 
iti  Fnter)  (1850) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  P.  Z.  S.  1858,  p.  198;  i<l.  Cat.  B. 
Vtv  Oum,  p.  63  (1850) ;  id.  Cat.  B.  Trap.  hi.  p.  &1  (Fiji)  (I8-S9} ; 
Waa.P.  Z.S.  1803.p.  487  (Timor)  1  Selat.  P.Z.  «.  1864.  p.  300; 
Bfyth,  Ibit,  1865,  pp.  38,  39;  Pelt.  Nooara  Reiie,  Vhgel,  p.   137 

•  Uad«r  tbp  name  at  Anasati.-uata.  Cur.,  lliere  are  six  apeeinien»  in  the  Pari* 

II  ■III,  two  belonginn  l<i  (bif  itpeoiia  and  four  to  D.  jaitaniea,  nil  ooUected 

t^  UidMDKilt;  eridently  Cmiar,  like  Uorifield,  did  not  diiiinguiih  the  two 


(1866)  (Manilla) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1866,  p.  149 ;  SMtff.  Uut.  P^B., 
AnsereB,  p.  88(1866);  f^£&,/6u,1887,p.  17S;  Harti.  ^  Fintek, 
Fama  Centraipoiyn.,  Om.  p.  211  (1867);  Bam*.  P.  Z.  S.  1888, 
p.  388;  Bh/th,  IbU,  1870,  p.  176 ;  O.  R.  Or.  Hand-HO,  iii.  p.  7B, 
n.  1061U  (1871) ;  La«ard,  Ibu,  1872,  p.  90 ;  WaU.  Traiu.  Zool. 
Soc.  viii.  p.  102  (1879) ;  Tatedd.  Tratu.  Zool  Sac.  iz.  pp.  242, 
262  (1876) ;  Layard,  P.  Z.  S.  1875,  pp.  30,  440  (Viti-Ievu)  j 
Girb.  Thea.  Om.  ii.  p.  31  (1876) ;  Salvad.  Ann.  Mm.  Civ.  Qen. 
'   (1876)  (Bioto)  ;  Layard,  IbU,  ?'"" 


iz.  p.  4»  (1876)  (U[oto)  ;  Layard,  IbU,  1876,  p.  303;  Briiggem. 
AM.  natural.  Ver.  Brent,  t.  p.  98  (1876) ;  Bam».  Pr.  Lim.  Soc. 
N.  S.  W.  i.  pp.  77, 196,  217,  386  (1876),  ii.  p.  200,  n.  664  (1877) ; 
D'ASi.  Sydn.  Mail,  1877,  p.  248 ;  id.  Arm.  Mm.  Civ.  Oen.  i. 
pp.  19,  20  (1877) ;  id.  Ibit,  1877,  p.  372 ;  Sharpe,  Jaum.  Linn.  Soc 
iiii.  p.  606  (1877) ;  Tweedd.  P.  Z.  S.  1877,  pp.  769,  834,  1878, 
pp.  602,  712,  954 ;  Hume,  Str.  Peath.  vi.  p.  488  (note)  (1878) ; 
Bamt.  Pr.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.  iii.  p.  301  (1878),  iv.  p.  102,  n.  211 
(1879);  Ro»enb.  Malay.  ArcAip.vv.  279  (Gorsm),  373  (Aru,  K6), 
664  (New  Guinea)  (1878-70) ;  ITAlb.  ^  Salvad.  Ann.  Mui.  Civ. 
Gen.  xiv.  p.  134  (1879)  (Fly  River)  ;  Meyer,  Ibit,  1879,  p.  144 
(Celebes);  ITA^.  Nuova  Guin.  pp.  686,  688(1880);  La/ge,  B. 
Gyl.  p.  1069  (observ.)  (1880) ;  Tmedd.  Om.  Workt,  pp.  201,  404, 
643,661,602,626,6^(1881);  Wardl.  Bam*,  ibid.  p.  UQO  (18B1) ; 
Be/mte.  Om.  CentrcMt.  1882,  p.  23;  Salv.  Cat.  B.  Strichi.  CoO. 
p.  631,  n.  2586  (1882) ;  Bla*.  J.  /  O.  1883,  p.  133  (Celebes) ; 
Vorderm.  N.  T.  N.  L  xliii.  p.  133  (JaTH)  (1883),  ilvi.  pp.  222, 
240,  n.  462  (Bandjermasain)  (1887),  ihi.  p.  419  (Sumatra?) 
(1869);  BoBi*.  Tab.  Li*t,v.22,  n.  666(1888);  fBvereU,  Joura. 
Str.  Br.  B  At.  Soc.  1889,  p.  192  (1880) :  North,  Cat.  Neati  ^  Eggt 
^urtr.p,  339(1889);  Wigkw.  Ace*  Polyn.-^.m  {\^l). 

Dendrocygna  arcuata  (austnlis),  BrJmb.  ^/n.  Av.,  Natatorea,  t.  91. 
ff.  2660-61  (1850)  {ex  Gould). 

Uendrocygna  arcuata,  tax.  gouldi,  Bp.  Compt,  Bend,  xliii.  p.  649, 
D.  63e(1856). 

Dendrocfg-nn  arcuala,  var.  vagans,  Bp.  Aid.  n.  68 <j  (1856). 

Dendrocygna  badia,  G.  it  Gr.  P.  Z.  8. 1800,  p.  366  (Moliiccaa). 


155 

alinoBt  white ;  back  and  scapulars  blact,  witli  the  edges  bright 
rnfons-cbestnut,  on  the  npper  back  the  block  part  of  the  feathers 
with  rufouH  spots  or  bars  ;  rump  black  ;  median  upper  tail-coverts 
black,  the  lateral  ones  bufly  wliite,  more  or  lees  spotted  with  black  ; 
brast  pale  rufoun,  each  feather  with  black  dots  or  crescent-like 
spots  in  the  middle,  and  shading  into  the  bright  rufous -cbestnut 
of  the  abdomen  ;  lower  abdomen  and  the  under  tail-coveits  whitish 
buff,  the  latter  uniform,  but  the  abdomen  with  brown  spots  ;  the 
fe«thera  of  the  flanks  with  broad  mesial  bufiy  uhite  streaks,  edged 
with  black :  lesser  and  median  wing-coverts  bright  chestnut,  the 
gr««t«r  ones,  t^uills,  and  tail  black :  irides  brown  ;  bill  blackish  or 
daik  ash}: ;  tarsi  and  feet  dark  ashy.  Total  length  about  17>ncheB, 
wing  8-5,  tail  2'8,  culmen  1-7,  tarsus  1-85. 

Frmatt  similar. 

Uaf,.  Philippines,  Celebes,  Borneo.  Java,  Timor,  Sumba,  Molucoaa, 
New  Gninea,  Australia,  New  Caledonia,  and  Fiji  Islands. 

m,  i.  Ad.  St,  Manilla,  Philippine  Is.  CumingColl.    (Type 

of  Deudrocyana  vagatu,  Eyton.) 

e.  S  jnv.  ak.  Cntbalugan,  Samar,  April.  L.  L.  Moselev,  Esq. 

[0.]. 
4  «.    cf   mL  et    Cebu,    March,  April    (A.   E.    Tweeddale  CoU. 

jii».  ak.  Everett). 

/.  iS  ad.ak.  S-  Lejte,  Sept.  (A.  E.  E.).  Twceddale  Col], 

y.  A.  rf  J  ad.  sk.    Arnparo,  July  {A.  E.  B.).  TVeeddole  Coll. 

.;  *,  t  2   ad.  et    N.  Bohol,Oct.,NoT.  (A.E.  E.).   Tweeddale  CoU. 

(J  2  jUT.  Sk. 

at,  ■•■  ij  *d.  et    SiquijoT,  Feb. 

St  $  ad.  sk.  Zamboanga,  April  [A.  E.  E.). 

p.  Ad.  A.  N.  Mindanao  [A.  E.  £.). 

f.  ^  ftd.  ak.  Maliniaui,  Nor. 


y 


MskaMor  (A,  R.  Wallace). 


£.  L.  Moseley,  E«q- 

Tweeddale  Coll. 
Tweeddale  Coll. 
E.  L.  Moselev,  Esq. 

[CO. 
Tweeddale  Coll. 
A.  R.  Wallace,  Esq. 

[P.]- 
H.  J.    Hives,    Esq. 


Indi 


Museum  ri'.]. 


m.  Aa.  ak. 

lSad.ak. 

^,  V,  tf.  Ad.  et 

inr.  ak. 
if, %'.  Ad.  ek. 
/,  /.  S  ad.  rii. 

«tad.  St. 
A-.  Ad.s]i. 

e,  k:  Ad.  sk. 

r.  AA-tk. 


(Type  of  Horsfield's  plat*),  Zool.  Rts.  pf.  65.) 

Java  (Horrid).  India  Museum  [P.]. 

(One  of  the  types  of  Anatjaeankv,  sar.  j3,  Horsf.) 

E.  Timor  {A.  R.  W.).  Tweeddale  Coll. 

E.  Timor.  A.  R.  Wallace,  Esq. 

[P.]. 

I.  Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 


lAwr«iiceR.,AustmiiR(/n^ 
Port  Esaington. 


Salvin-fioduiBQ  Coll. 
J.    B.    Jukee,    Esq. 


^L    r.  Ad.  tj 


Now  Caledonia.  Tweeddale  Coll. 

Viti  Levu,  Fiji   Is,,  Sept.    (/.  Vovage    of    II.M.8. 

X*.  Mac<lof,ald).  •  Alert.' 

Kandi,  Rji  Is.  {E.  L.  Layard).  Seebohm  Coll. 


4.  DendrocTcna  JftTiuoa. 

Anas  jayuiica,  Hor^.  Tr.  Zarm.  Sac.  xiiL  p.  199  (Java)  (1821). 

Adbb  Mcuata,  part.  Sorif.  Zoot.  Rt».  in  Jaca,  text  of  pi.  66 
{1822J;  Syka  (nee  Cuv.),  P.  Z.  8.  1831,  p.  125. 

Anns  Bp.,  Saffi.  Tr.  Linn.  Soe.  xiii.  p.  3al  (SunaBtre)  (1822). 

Mareca  swsuree,  Sykes,  P.  Z.  S.  1832,  p.  166  (Dukhun) ;  Leu.  Ooa^L 
de  B^.,  Oit.  ii.  p.  634  (1837);  id.  ap.  dt.  2Qd  ed.  p.  721  (1838). 

Dendrocjgna  arcuata,  Sjb.  [nee  Cw>.)  Clatt.  S.  ii.  p.  86J)  (Java) 
(1837) ;  Eut.  Moti.  Anat.  p.  108  (1838; ;  Sodgt.  m  Oray'a  ZaoL 
Mite.  p.  86,  n.  581  (ISM)  ;  O.  R.  Or.  Litt  »*m.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.  ill.  p.  131  (1844):  id.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  612,  n.  1  (Bvn. 
emend.)  (1845);  id.  Cat  ^c.  Bodgi.  QiU.  B.  M.  p.  144 
(1846)  ;  Blyth,  Cat.  B.  Mta.  A.  S.  B.  p.  301,  n.  1762  (1849); 
Selaart,  Frodr.  Cat.  ■p.  136  (1862)  (Ceylon);  ?Licit.  NomeneL 
Ac.  p.  102  (Bengala,  Java)  (1654) ;  Ij^ard,  A-an.  ^  Mag.  N.  H. 
liv.  p.  269  (1854) ;  G.  R.  Or.  Cat.  Spec.  Hodgi.  CoU.  B.  M. 
2Dd  ed.  p.  76  (1863)  ;  Sciat.  P.  Z.  S.  1863,  p.  224  (Baajei^ 
miuuiiiiK),1864,  p.  300  (port.);  BIgth,  Ibit,  1865,  p.  89;  Atf. 
BeiaeNaoara,  Voget,-p.iSJ  (Java)  (1865);  SchUg.  Mm.  F.-B., 
AnMrea,  p.  89(1866);  Blfth,  Ibit,  1867,  p.  175;  Egt.  StgmL 
Oiteol.  Av.  pi.  —  (1862) ;  id.  Sgn.  Anat.  tv  60  (1869) ;  G.  R. 
Or.  Sand-lilt,  iii.  p.  79,  n.  10608  (1871) ;  Hume,  Str.  JVatt.  L 
p.  260  (Sindh)  (1872-73)  ;  Anderi.  Ibit,  1874,  p.  222;  Hume, 
/fettt  and  Eggs,  p.  639  (1873-74) ;  Salead.  Ucc.  Bom.  p.  362  (part) 
(1874);  Hume,  Str.  Feath.  ii.  p.  316  (Nicobars)  (1874);  BaU, 
ibid.  p.  437  (1874) ;  Hume,  ibid.  p.  483  (TenuMrim)  (1874) ;  Bli/th, 
B.  Bum.  p.  166  (1876) ;  Oieb.  Thet.  Dm.  ii.  p.  30  (part.)  (1876) ; 
JTonH.  Jtow, /iw,  1877,  p.  472;  Oatei,  Str.  Ftath.  v.  p.  169 
(1872) ;  Rdtnw.  Om.  Omtralbl.  1882,  p.  22 ;  Salv.  Ott.  B.  Striekl. 
CoU.  p.  B31 ,  n.  2685  (1682) ;  Forrf^rm.  K  T.  K  I.  sliii.  p.  liH 
(Java)  (1883);  ?  B/a-.  J. /.  O.  1884,  p.  219  (BanBkavi  Lake); 
Graboioky,  Omit,  1885,  p.  163  (Bangkau,  S.E.  Botn«o);  A. 
Mutt.  J.  f.  O.  188.-),  p.   162  (Salnnjra):    Vordfrm.   N.   T.  If.   I. 


23.  DESDRocrcNi, 


157 


I 


p.  1S8  (Ceylon)  ;  Srebk.  IbU.  1887.  p.  181  (Loo-choo  Id.) ;  »vn. 

Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mug.  x.  ji.  3ilT  (Loo-cLoo  I.)  (1887) ;  id.  ZeiUckr. 

gc».   On.   1S87,  p.  im ;  Slpait,  Ibis,   1869,  p.  44^  (Sliaogbu) ; 

Bluett,  Jmtm.  fitr.  Dr.  R.  At.  Sae.  1889,  p.  102 ;  Hume,  NeHi 

j-  Efp*  lOata'  ed.),  iii.  p.  381  (1800) ;  Seebh.  Birds  Jap.  En^. 

p.  2W  (1890) ;  HarUrt,  Kal.  FcmUammi.  p.  229  il8»l) ;  SAarpe 

Cat.  Otlrol.  Spedm.  Coll.  Surg.  id.  p.  'M  (1891) ;  SickeK.  I6ii, 

1804,  p.  225  (Cliina). 
i)eDdro(-vgDa  arcuatA,  vni.  minor,  Bp.   Compt.  Itfod.  xliii.  p.  649, 

li.fi3A(l&jei). 
Dendrocvwui  wcuaU,  part.,   Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  610  (India) ; 

Sehni:  V6g.  der  tool.  Giirt.  p.  69  (1882). 
t)a)<Iroe;ciUi  JAVauica,  Sah-ad.  Om.  Pap.  e  Mol.  iii.  p.  388  (1882) ; 

Oigl.  Atif.  Ital.  p.  301   (1880)  ;    Salvad.  £1.    t'er.  Ital.  p.  256 

(1887) :  Si.  Ann.  Mh..  CSi:  Gfn.  (2)  ir.  p.  616  (Burmah)  (1967) ; 

Gigl.  loin.  Avif.  Ital.  pt-iixiv.  pi.  416  (1867) ;  G^l,  Prima  tUtar. 

Avif.  Ital.  pi.  1,  p.  40.5  (1889),  pt,  2,  p.  36  (1800). 

Adah.  Fnrchcad,  oroim,  and  occiput  brown,  more  nifotu  on  the 
loreheail :  sides  of  tho  heail  and  nock  palu  greyish  fulvotts,  darker 
oa  the  hind-neck  ;  chin  and  throat  whitish ;  back  and  scapulars 
dvk  brown,  each  feather  broadly  edged  with  rufoiu ;  rump  black  ; 
upper  taU-coverts  chestnat ;  breast  yellowish  ochreoua,  shading 
gradually  into  the  light  chestnut  of  tho  lower  plumage  ;  feathers  of 
the  fiankH  fulvous-brown,  with  white-fulvous  streaks  along  the 
middle  ;  axillarief  brown-black ;  under  tail-coverts  whitish  fulvous ; 
le&ser  and  median  upper  wing-coverts  chestnut,  greater  coverts  und 
ijuills  ashy  black,  the  quills  darker  ;  tail  brown  :  "  bill,  legs,  and 
fe«t  brownish  blue,  the  nail  of  the  bill  nearly  black:  iris  brown  ; 
evelids  bright  yellow  ;  claws  bluish  hom-colour"  {Oatet).  Total 
length  about  16  inches,  wing  7'0,  tail  2-3,  cuLmen  1'9,  tarsus  1". 

Pemalt.  Similar. 

Bab.  India,  Ceylon,  Indo-Burmeae  countries,  Siam,  Cochiflchiaa, 
Cldiia,  Loo-choo  Islands,  Ualay  Fouinsula,  ijnmatra,  Borneo,  and 
Jan  •. 


a,  Juv.  St. 

A.  Ad.«k. 
«,  2  wLak. 

rf.  Ad-ik. 

«.  9»d.*k. 
f,0,K  AA.» 

•it. 

I.  Ad.etjui 


India  {Btyth). 

E,  Narra,  SindU,  July  (£ 

A.  ButlfT). 
Oodrn,  Pniieh  AlehoU,  Sept. 
Jhaneee,  >^pt, 
av.     Etawnb,  Au^. 

sk.     OuJh. 

Oudh,  Dec. 
ad.    Snugor,  Central  Provinces, 
Aug.  to  Dec. 


Hump  Coll. 
nuwe  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 

Capl.      SWckl 
Pinwilt  ri'.i 
Hum^  Coif. 
Hume  (.'ull. 


■  Ue  iMt  tpccitDBU   ia  tb»  lilt  belo*.  b;  mistalre  nod  irith  a  quer;,  u 
''   *  u  frMn  the  ititcriur  of  Afrios  {Major  Denhamj.      It  is  importAQt  to 

at  111*  only  tpwia  of  Vtndnevavt  reoordetl  m  ojBt  with  during  the 

I    Jonnxy  of  Dnttiaw  aud  CUppertun  i>  D.  viduata. 


»,t,u.  Ad.  »k. 

et 

Nepal. 

B.  H.  Hodgson,  Esq. 

DiuaMuseum  [P.l 
ndia  Museum  [P.l 
HumeColL 

ir-y.  Ad.  flk. 
c  Ad.Bk. 
«'.  Imm.  ak. 

N«i*l(if.H..Hbiy»«). 

Darjeelinff. 

Bbotan    Terai,    Jan.     {£. 

Jtfmafcfli). 
fibotan  Doan,  Jan.  (X.  Jf.). 
Aseam. 
Dollab,    Aaaam,    May   {/. 

Dipur  Bbeel,  Assam,  Nor. 

(A.  W.  OumneU.). 
Suddya,     Aaaam,      March, 

April  {J.  C). 
Klkouahah,      Cwhar      {J. 

Sa^pur,  April. 
Maunbhoom,  Feb.   {R.    C. 
Beavan). 

Calcutta,  Feb. 

b:  Jut.  ik. 
e.  Ad.8k. 
<r,  e".  {J  2  mL  ak. 

Hume  Coll. 
Tweeddale  CoIL 
Hume  Coll. 

/,/.  rfSjav.Bk. 

A'-f .  (J  ad.  et  ad. 

ak. 
»'.  Ad.  ak. 

Tweeddale  ColL 
Hume  Coll. 
Hume  ColL 

n'.  Ad.  ak. 
n\  S  ad.  8k. 
p-.  ?ad.ak. 

?■.  rf  ad.  ak. 

India  Muaeum  [P.]. 

IlumeCoU. 

H.   J.    Hires,  Esq. 

Col'j.  Kddulph, 

H.   J.   Eiwea,    Esq. 

r'.  <J  ad.  ak. 

Calcutta,  Jan.  [J.  Andtrton). 

V.  cJ  ad.  ak. 

*'.  Ad.  8k. 

tt'.  Ad.  ak. 
i/.  Ad.  ak. 

w'-i'.   Ad.   ak. 

et 

CAlewtU.,Feh.  (J.  Biddulph).    ri^dale  ColL 

dency  {Major  WymA). 
Dacca.                                       Hume  Coll. 
Deccan  (^ke>).                        India  Museum  [P.], 

(Type  of  ATareca  awturee,  Sykea.) 
Deccan  (S^lx,).                        India  Muaeum  [P.]. 

a".  Ad.  ak. 
6".  2  ad.  Bk. 

Ceylon. 

Gianfa  Tank,  Ceylon,  Feb. 

Dr.J.KBl«art[C.]. 
Hume  Coll. 

«»,  a>,  e*.  Ad.  et 

iu*.  ^ 
rf'.f'.A  <JS  ad. 

•k. 

J»,  *».   rf  2   Bd.  Bk. 

I'-w".  (f  ?  Ml.  ak. 
«*,«*.    <J   ad.  et 

jUT.  d(. 

jH.  Ad.  i. 


2 J.    SBKDUOCTCKA. 

Loo-choo     Is.,    Aug.     (JT. 

iVjw). 
Kossoom,  Apiil,   May   {J. 

Darling). 
Port  Blair,  S.  Andaniftns, 

Mny  (ii.  J.  Wimberlen). 
Triokiit  Is.,  Nicobare,  teb., 

March  { W.  D.). 
Trinkut  Is..  Jan.  (fl.  j:  »'.). 


ProT.     Welleeley 
Hnimg  {Dr.  Cantor). 


{Dr. 


T*.  Ad.  sk. 
/■.  Ad.ak. 

I*.  Ad.at. 
a*.  S  mL  ek. 
«*.  Ad.  ct. 


Suwatra  ( Carl  Hock). 
Java  {HortfieUl). 

Jnvn  {?  Jlortfield). 
Java  ifliorf/). 
[Interior  of  Africa.] 


Seebohm  CoU. 

Hume  CoU. 

Hume  CoU. 

Hume  Coll. 

Tweeddfde  Coll. 

India  Maseum  [P.], 

India  Museum 
Capt.  U.   J. 

Tweeddale  GoU. 

A.  R.  Wallace,  Esq. 

[C.].  ^ 

Tweeddftle  Coll. 
India  Museum  [P.]. 
(Type  of  the  species.) 
India  .Museum  \V.]. 
Salvin-liodman  Call, 
[Major  Deiiham[P,].] 


.  Dendrocjcna  antnmnaUs. 


Bed-bUlod  Whistling  Huck,  Edw.  Birds,  i\.  pi.  194  (West  Indies) 
(ITW)  i  Latfi.  S./n.  iii.  2,  p.  4118,  u.  47  (1785) ;  id.  Sujipi.  i.  p.  274 
(1787). 

Anas  listalaris  americnna,  Britt.  Ortu  vi.  p,  400,  pi.  38  (1760) 
(Am^rique  septentrionnle). 

\jiaa  aiitumnalis,  Linn.  S.  X.  i.  p.  205,  n.  3»  (1766) ;  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  2, 
p.  537,  n.  39  (part.)  (1788);  LntA.  Ind.  Orn.  u.  p.  852,  n.  63 
(pari.)  (1790) ;  ifwn,  Enc.  Mitk.  i.  p.  140  (part.)  (1790) ;  rifiU. 
k.  D.  V.  p.  153  (part.)  (1810)  (Cayenne) ;  Dum.  Diet.  He.  Nat.  Ti. 

^369  (part.)  (1917) ;  Stei>A.  Gen.  Zool.  xii.  2,  p.  09  (frart.)  (1834). 
or  a  bee  rouice  et  narines  jauiieg,  part.,  Buff.  Hitt.  .Vat.  Oi». 
U.  p.  183  (1783). 
DeodroDeesa  aatumnnlis,  W'ny/.  lit*,  1832,  p.  283. 
BeDdrocvgna  aiitumnalis,  Et/t.  Mon.  Anat.  p.  109  (1838) ;  G.  R.  Gr. 
Gtn.  B.  iu.  p.  til2,  n,  ;i  (part.)  (1845);  BeAnb.  Syn.  Av., 
Natotore»,t  ^.  f.  175  (18*5)  j  Gvue.  B.  Jam.  p.  398  (1847); 
Lbwt.  Ann.  It/c.  N.  Y.  lail,  p.  117 ;  Stanib.  Bep,  p.  334  (1862) ; 
'fy.  Qmpt.  Bmtd.  xliii.  p.  64»,  n.  67  (1856) ;  Sctat.  7.  Z.  8.  1856, 
tSaOfUonduTM);  Jairri,  B.  jV.  An.  p.  770,  pi.  63.  f.  2  (Teias) 


P-S      .  ... 

(1866) ;  id.  Cat.  X.  Am.  B.  n.  574  (1869);  id.  MtJr.  u.  ««,„.  u. 

i,  p.  aJ,  pL  26  (Texas)  (1869) ;  Sclat.  ^  8aln.  Ibit,  1859.  p.  231 ; 

Timl.  IbU,  1860,  p.  315 ;  Cau.  iV.  Ac.  Philad.  1860,  p.  197  (R. 

Truandol ;  Aibreeht,  J.f.  O.  1803.  p.  366  (Jamnica) :  March,  Pr, 

Ae.  PMiad.  1864,  p.  70;   Tayl.  IbU,  1864.  p.  172  (Porlo  Rico); 

Selat.  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  399  (part) ;   tklat.  ^  Sale.  ibid.  p.  872 

(Paaanja);  Sale.  Ibl>,  I8((5,p.  193  (Guntemala) ;  Zditr.  Ara.iyo. 

jr.  y.Tii.  p.  13(Panam8)(IH65);Z(i-rM./6w,1866,p.  42(Teia»); 

iaw.  Amu.  Zj/e.  If.  Y.  riii.  p.  63  (Panama)  (1866),  ix.  p.  143 
^.H}iMta  Kott)  (1863) ;  Ik,t.  &m.  Anat.  p.  01  (part)  (1869) ;  Frantt. 
I  J./.  0.  1869,  p.  370  (Coata  Rica) ;  Peb.  Om.  Brat.  p.  469  (1870) ; 


G.  S.  Or.  Hand-lift,  iii.  p.  79,  a.  106J6  (p«rt.)  (1871) ;  Oitb.  Thet. 
Om.  ii.  p.  31  (1876) ;  0>ue»,  Key,  p.  28f  (1872);  id.  Cheek~lut, 
1.  487  (1873)  J  Sclat.  ^  Salv.  NomrneL  Ae.  Neotrop.  p.  129,  n.  2 


A.  4-  E.  Newt,  aandb.  Jam.  p.  112  (1681) ;  Sah.  Cat.  B.  Stric/tl. 
CoU.  p.  530  (1882) ;  Coufi,  Oi«;*-/i»(,2Dded.  p.  112, n.  706  (18821 ; 
Sekna.  Om.  Centralbl  1882,  p.  62;  Sciat.  Lut  VeH.  An.  8th  ed. 
p.  42fl(pMt.)  (1883);  Cou**,  i:«y  JV:  ,4m.  *.2Dded.p.688,ii.706 
(1884);  Cory,  Lilt  B.  W.Ind.^.SO  (1865);  A.  O.  U.  Oodt  of 
Horn,  and  auKk-ti*t,  p.  120,  n.  177  (1886);  Lloyd,  Auk,  1887, 
p.  185  (W.  Tbim)  ;  iSdyic.  Man.  N.  Am.  B.  p.  119,  n.  177  (1887) ; 
Cory,  AtA,  1888,  p.  60  (Jamaica) ;  id.  B.  W.  Ini.  p.  261  (1888) ; 
Sah.  Ibit,  1889,  p.  377,  1890,  p.  89  (Cozumel  I.) ;  ISchm.  Pr.  U.S. 
Nat.  Mm.  jti.  p.  531  (Rio  Fno)  (1893). 
DbodrocjcQa  autumnaliB,  Sclat.  P.  Z.  8.  1880,  p.  609;  Pidffio.  A'om. 


Adalt.  Fileom  dnnamon-brown,  pale  in  front,  on  the  occiput 
pasiiDg  into  black,  which  ia  continaed  in  a  narrow  stripe  dovn  the 
nape ;  sides  of  the  head  and  upper  part  of  the  neck  pole  Dchreona 
ashy  ;  remainder  of  the  neck,  back,  acApulars,  jagulum,  and  breast 
oinnamoa-brown,  tlie  dorsal  region  more  rusty  ;  rump,  upper  tail- 
oovertA,  abdomen,  flanks,  and  under  wing-coTorts  deep  black, 
abruptly  defined  against  the  cinnamon  of  the  breast ;  oriBSum 
irbite,  spotted  with  black ;  lesser  wing-coverts  oohreoiu  olive, 
middle  coverts  osh-colour,  the  greater  and  primary -coverts  greyish 
wUte,  the  lower  feathers  of  the  latter  dusky ;  qniUs  and  tul  deep 
black,  but  the  quills  pare  white  baaoUy  :  "  iris  browo;  biQ  coral- 
red,  orange  above,  nail  of  bill  bluish  ;  1^  and  feet  pinkish  white  " 
(MerriU).      Total  length  about  li>  inches,  wing  8'2a-9'70,  tail  3, 


a.  9  fi^Bk. 
».  S  vLsk. 
I.  <J  id.  A. 

r,  ».  rf  J  JUV.  b1 

^  Ad.sk. 

1,  r.  (f  Bd.  et  S 

tmm.ak. 
p.  $  uL  sk. 

M'.  Ad.  9k. 

f.  Ad.  8k. 

r.  (f  Rd.  sk. 


23.    DENIIBOCVCSA. 

AlUmiro,  Tamaulipas,  May 

( W.  B.  R.). 
Tunpico,  Mexico,  June  (  W. 


R.). 


Not. 


XftlniB,       Mexico, 

[^Ferrari-Ptra). 
Vega  del    Casndero,   Vem 

Craz,  Dec.  (M.  Trujilio). 
Mozatkn,  W.  Mexico  {A. 

J.  Grai/tem). 
Presidio,  W.  Mexico,  Jan., 

Feb.  {A.  Forrrr). 
lluamuchal,        G  uatemala , 

Feb.  (O.  S.)- 
Corumel  I.,  Yucotan  (G.  F. 

Gaumrr). 
Nicora,  Costa  RicEi,  March 

(£.  Afce). 
Uon    Hill,   FaaBma    {Mc- 

Leannan). 
Aqua  dulce,  Panama. 


161 

Salrin-Godoifta  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  ColL 
SalTJii-OodmacL  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-O  adman  Coll. 
Salvin-Qodman  Coll. 
SalvJQ-Godman  Coll. 
Salvitt-Godman  Coll. 
SalTiu-Godman  Coll. 
SalTin-Godmon  Coll. 
SaJvin-Godmaii  Coll. 


6.  Dendrocfcna,  discolor. 

C*Dard  siffleiir  de  Caj-enne,  D'Aubtn(.  PI.  Bnl.  82fi. 

Sffleur  k  bee  mage  et  narines  iaunea,  part-,  Bi^.  Hut.  Nat.  Oit,  is. 
p.  183  (1783). 

Anas  autumnalis,  Jaequin  [ncc  Linn.),  Beytr.  i.  u.  6,  n.  4  (New 
Cirenada)  (1784);  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  2,  p.  537,  n.  SB  tpart.)  (.1788); 
Lath.  Ind.  Oth.  li.  p,  852,  n,  53  (part.)  (1790J ;  Borni.  Sac.  Mitk. 
i.  p.  140  (part)  (1790);  VitiU.  N.  D.  v.  p.  153  (Cayeime, 
Nouvello  Grenade)  (1816) ;  ftim.  Diet.  Se.  Nat.  yi.  p.  869 
(part.)  (1817);  LitKt.  Vers.  Ihudl.  p.  84  (Brazil)  (1823);  Slt^h. 
Om.  Zool.  xii.  2,  p.  00  (part.)  (1824) ;  Zeu.  (nee  Zrnn.)  TV.  d'Om. 
p.  634,  n.  68  (CaVenoe)  (1831);  Bvrm.  St/ti.  VA.  Thitre  Brat, 
Fog.  li.  p.  436  (part.)  (185«);  Enut,  Ree.  dent.  Univ.  Omtr. 
Vena.  i.  p.  43  C\enezuela)  (1887). 

DendiocTgna  autumnalis,  G.  R.  Gr.  (nee  lAmn.)  List  Spec.  B.  Br, 
Mu».  lii.  p.  131  (S.  Amer.,  Guiana)  (1844) ;  Cab.  in  Sdtomb.  Oman. 
Reit.  iii.  p.  761*  (1848);  ?  ImAI.  Non»fnel.  Av.  p.  103  {1864); 
Selal.  P.  2.  S.  1864,  p.  !299  (part.) ;  Sdat.  ^  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1866, 
p.  300  (Ucayali) ;  Liutaad,  Oi*.  Trin.  p.  607  (Trinidad)  (1866) : 
StAieg.  Mm.  P.-£.,  Angurea,  p.  2*  (1866);  Eyt.  ^n.  vlitat.  p.  61 
(part.)  (1869) ;  Pelz.  Om.  firfw.  pp.  320,  469,  lriii(1870):  .FVfwcA 
jP.  Z.  8.  1870.  p.  580  (Trinidad) ;  O.  S.  Gr.  Hand-lilt,  iii.  p,  79, 
n.  1061S  (part.)  (1B71) ;  6^.  TIteit.  Om.  ii.  p.  31  (part.)  (1876) ; 
Selat.  Lia  Vert.  Ah.  8lh  ed.  p.  426  (part.)  (1883) ;  Tnttr.  [nee 
XuM.)  Cat.  Cbll.  B.  p.  60  (Para)  (imi) ;  Hartert,  Kat.  Foffet- 
sammi,  p.  228,  n.  3383  (8.  America)  (1891). 

Dendrocjgrjk  discolor,  Sclat.  j-  8alv.  Ifomenel.  Ae.  Neotrop.  pp.  129, 
161  (1873):  iid.P.Z.  S.  1876,  p.375;&/a(.  P.ZA'.lSeO,  p.606: 
B^hnw.  Om.  Centralbl.  1882,  p.  23 ;  Salv.  Cat.  B.  Striekl.  CoU. 
p.  630  (1883) ;  £.,  S.,  ^  R.  Watfr-Btrdf  N.  A.  i.  p.  482  (1884) ; 


Salv.  MU,  1886,  p.  172 ;  Ilict.  Om.  Pir.  ui.  p.  469  (1886) ;  Ri^w. 
Man.  N.  Am.  B.  p.  119  (1887) ;  Otapm.  Bull.  Mut.  N.  H.  1894, 
p.  82  (Trinidiid). 
DendrocvniB  autumnalia  discolor,  B.,  B.,  S(  R.  Water-Btrdt  N.  A. 

L  p.  480  (1884). 

Similar  to  D.  autvmnalit,  bnt  differs  in  the  lower  hind-neck  being 
MTOus-grey,  strongly  and  abraptly  contrasted  against  the  dark 
chestnut-brown  of  the  back ;  also  the  breast  is  gjej'ishv  instead  of 
chestnut  as  in  D.  auiwnnalit.  Wing  9-10-9-30  inches,  cnlmen 
1-80-1-90,  tarsus  2-20-2-25. 

Hab.  Colombia,  Guiana,  with  Trinidad  Island,  Dcaador,  Eastern 
Peru,  and  Brazil. 

a.  Ad.  at.  S.  America. 

b,  c.  Ad.  et  juT.      Bnlzar  Mts.,  Ecuador  (iU'n^    SalTin-Oodinan  CoU. 
sk.  worth). 

d,  e.  Ad.  st  British  Guiana.  Sir  R.   Schombuigk 

ft  9-  d  ?  od.  ak.       R.RupuruiQi,  British  Guiana,    Sslvin-Godman  CoU. 

May  {H.   Wkitely). 
h.  Ad.  sk.  Maroni      lUver,      Surinam      Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

I.  $  ad.  sk. 


(Kappltr).  (Tjpe  of  the  specieB.) 

dj^r    Ucayali,    May    (£.    El.   J.   Elwes,   Esq. 


SartleU). 

.  S  ad.  ak.  Rio    PaTfin&,    Brazil,    April 

(Natterer). 


7.  Dendrocycna  arborea. 

Whistling  Duck,  Shane,  Jam.  ii.  p.  324,  t.  273  11738). 
Black-billed  Whistling  Duck,  Edir.  Glenn,  pi.   I'ja   (1743)   (West 
Indies);  XaM.  gyn.  iii.  3,j>.  jSQ,  u.  4S  (ITM). 


23,    DENDBOCICK^ 


1C3 


5: 


(1847) ;  Jletmb.  Syn.  At:,  miiOia,  Natatores,  t  107.  f.  2359  {ex 
SAB.t  (ItWO) ;  id.  Ai<.  Syil.  Nat.  p.  x  (1853) ;  Baird,  Slmub.  JUp. 
3»i(I852);  Bp.  0,mpl.&nd.xlm.v.fi49,a.  56  (ISM)!  Cab. 
'./.  O.  iefl7,  p,  -227 1  A.  ^  E.  A'nct.  Ibti,  1859,  p.  366  (St.  Croix, 
with  fig.  of  the  trachea) ;  Biyant,  Pr.  So$t.  Soc.  N.  B.  rii.  p.  122 
(Bdiamiui)  (18.50);  Albr.  J.f.  O.  1862,  p.  a)6;  Selat.  P.  Z.  8. 
1«H, p. 300 (Jamaica) :  Mareh.Pr.  Ac. PhOnd.  1864, p. 70 :  Bruait, 
Pr.  Boa.  Sor.  N.  H.  xi.  p.  73  (Ina^a)  {18a6)  ;  Sehk;/.  Mum.  P.-B., 
Anseres,  p.  84  (1866) ;  Gundl.  Bep.  Fu.-Nal.  CuLa,  i.  p.  387 
(imB) ;  Egt.Sffn.Anat.f.  m  {IS&d);  Pe/i.  Om.  ^r«»,  p.  459 
(1870) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Band-li$f,  iii.  p.  79,  n.  10614  (1871) ;  Ovndl. 
J.f.  O.  1871,  p,  273  (?);  Badin.  J.f.  0.  187a,  p.  72  (breeding) ; 
Setat  $  Sab:  Nomaicl.  Ar.  Anrfnw.  p,  129  (1873) ;  Coue;  Bird* 
N.-Weit,  p.  5.18  (1874) ;  Gundl.J.f.  0. 1874,  p.  314  (Pono  Rico), 
1875.  p.  375  (Cuba) ;  ft>6.  Thf4.  Om.  ii.  p.  30  (1875)  j  Sdot.  * 
Sab-.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  375:  GmuH  An.  Soc.  Em.  Hid.  Nat.  vit. 
p.  400  (1878) :  id.  J.f.  0.  1878,  pp.  162, 190  (Porto  Rico)  ;  Q>ry. 
B.  Bahama  1.  p.  183  (1880) ;  A.  S(  E.  Newt.  Itandb.  Jam.  p.  112 
(1881) :  SeJimo.  On.  CVntralbL  1882.  p.  32 :  .Sale.  Cat.  B.  Striekt. 
Coll.  p.  6:ttr(1883);  ffclat.  Liil  Vrrt.  An.  Kth  ed.  p.  426  (1883); 
Oo,i/,  B.  Haiti  and  San  Donu'",::  ]■  hi.  ■  i"..  I!:'h,„:  Man.  K. 
^n.  A.  p.  119(1887);  Cfl-y,.i",     --•  ,'     ./,-   Cat.  Coll. 

ft  P..jO(Jm«uu(m),  p.  270(Dimii:i,-.  -■■,  '  .,.  fl.  W.  Tnd. 
p.a«0(l889);S*(n7w.Oi(.O(rf..s):..     r//  \...,,/.i:i  p,  398  (1891), 

Ifcn<irocjgnii»ftrborw>,  Brrtc.  Pr.  K'-rt.  .V'-v  A".  J/,  vii.  p. 308(1860). 

f  Dendmcjgnaatitumiialis,  7(>y/oi-, /£u,  1864,  p.  172  (Porto  Rico). 

Dendrocycim  nrborea,  Sflat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  509 ;  Rchntr.  fiig.  d. 
tooL.  GHrt.  p.  59  (I8S2) ;  fl,,  fl.,  *  R.  Wattr-Birds  N.  Am.  i.  p.  480 
(doI«)  (1884). 

Adult.  Anterior  half  of  the  crowii  reddish  brown,  sbadin^  into 

bLuk  on  the  occiput,  whence  a  black  band  runs  down  along  the 

I  napo  :  sides  of  the  bead  and  of  the  neck  dull  greyish,  indistinctly 

inottlcd  with  white;  throat  white;  round  the  tower  neck  a  kind  of 

I  collnr,  interrupted  behind,  formed  by  white  foathora,  edged  with 

bbuk  ;  upper  back,  scapulars,  aud  tcrtiols  brown,  with  tawny  edges 

to  th»  feethen  ;  rump  and  upper  tiiil-eoverts  black ;  breast  reddish 

Inwwn,  witli  indistinct  whitish  spots ;    lower  do^vTi  the  breast  has 

tha  feathers  while  along  the  middle,  blackish  on  the  edges ;  abdomen 

and   under  tail-coTerta   white,  thickly  covered  with  round  black 

l« :  feathen  of  the  sides  white  in  the  middle  and  broadly  edged 

I  and  c»cn  banded  with  black  ;  wing-coTcrts  pale  brown,  with  paler 

ledpw,  the  outermost  and  also  the  greater  ones  greyish,  each  with  h 

KUack  nibapicul  spot;   quills  grey,  blackish  towards  tlie  tip.  the 

I  under  nurface  uniform  blackish  brown  ;    under  wing-coverts  black, 

|tlu)  mniOleT  ones  with  narrow  white  stripes  ;  toil  dark  brown ;  lege 

1  bill  black.     Total  length  about  22  inches,  wing  10-5.  tdl  aS, 

n  2-1,  tATsosSi. 
yanalt  toniowhat  smaller, 

Keun^  in  down.  Ujiper  part*  brown,  lower  parts  whit«  ;  a  white 
d  round  the  occiput ;  ear-corerta  brown  ;  four  white  spots,  two 
f,.tn  the  lides  of  the  back  and  two  on  the  sides  of  the  rump. 
/fa£.  Bahamas  and  Antilles. 


a.  Ad.  at  Jamaica.  Purchased. 

b.  cf  fkd.  ak.  Cuba.  SalTin-Godman  ColL 

c.  PulL  sk.  Virgin  Gorda,  W.  I.,  Dec.  SslTin-Godman  Coa 

(C  /.  Winnh). 
i.  Skeleton. 

e.  Stemum.  Jiunaica.  P.    H.   Qoase,   Esq. 

CPJ. 

8.  Dendrocycna  guttata.    (Plato  I.) 

Anas  guttata,  For»l.  MS.  et  Miu.  Lugd.  CM  Sehltgel). 

Anas  guttulata,  Temm.  (Jide  Wallace). 

Deairoojgaa  guttulata,  S.  MuU.  MS.  {fide  Sdater). 

Deadiocvgna  guttulata,  WiM.  P.  Z.  S.  1863,  p.  36  (Bouni,  Ceram, 
Celebes);  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  300;  Eyt.  »/ii.  Anat.  p.  66 
(1868) ;  I/Ald.  ^  Sali-ad.  Ann.  Mui.  tVu.  Gcti.  vji.  p.  839  (Ilall 
Bay)  (187S) ;  Sal»ad.  ibid.  viii.  p.  386  (Bouru)  (1876) ;  Eatm.  Pr. 
Urtn.  Soe.  N.  S.  W.  i.  p.  395  (1870) ;  Itcknie.  Om.  CetUralbl. 
1882,  p.  23. 

Ana*  punctata,  "  Temm.,"  Fituch,  A'ei-Guin.  p.  18»  (1865)  (Halma- 
hera,  Batchian). 

Dendrocygna  guttata,  Schtfg.  Mut.  P.-B.,  Anaerw,  p.  85  (1866) 
(descr.  princepB) ;  Btyth,  lint,  1870,  p.  176 ;  G.  H.  Or.  Hand-ii»t, 
ai.  p.  79,  n.  10612  (1871);  Waid.  fr.  Z.  S.  viii.  p.  102  (1872) ; 
Gitb.  Thee.  Om.  u.  p.  31  (1876) ;  Jtoeenb.  Eeiit.  naar  Geehnnkb. 
p.  3  (1875)  (Teniate) ;  Salvad.  Ana.  Mai.  Civ.  Gen.  ii.  p.  49 
(1876);  IfAa.  Sifdn.  MaU,  1877,  p.  248 ;  id.  Atm.  Mui.  Cie.  Gen. 
i.m.l9,20(1877) i  id.Ibii,l877,v.S7'2;  SAarpe,Joum. Lam. Soc., 
2«>/.  viii. p.  505  (1877);  Soienb.  Malay.  Arcktp.  p.  279  (Celebes), 
p.  324  (Oonm),  p.  407  (Temat«)  (187»-79) ;  Eamt.  Pr.  Linn.  Soc. 
N.  S.  TF.  iii.  p.  301  (1878),  iv.  p.  102,  n.  210  (1879) ;  If  Alb.  i- 
Saltad.  Aim.  Ma*.  CVo.  Gen.  xiv.  p.  134  (Yarru  1.)  (1879) ;  D'Aih. 
Nuoim  Guin.  pp.  193,  451,  519,  585,  688  (1880) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S. 
1683,  pp.  52,  2O0  (Larat,  Timorlant) ;  Blai.  J.f.  O.  1883,_p.  140 
(Celebefl) ;  Firucf;  I'tiff.  d.  SSdtee,  p.  29  (1864)  ;  Forbes,  P.  Z.  S. 


23.    BESDEOCTCSA.  185 


feather  viiii  a.  white  spot  at  the  tip ;  lower  breast  and  abdomen 
whitish,  with  faint  dusky  lin^  across :  feathers  of  the  fiantu 
■with  lai^  white  round  spots,  the  longer  feathers  are  almost  barred 
with  black:  under  tail-covert«  whitish,  with  black  bars;  quilla 
brown  ;  tail  almost  black  :  "  bill  black  ;  tarat  and  feet  ashy,  more 
or  lees  tinged  with  reddish  ;  irides  brown  or  chestnut"  (I/Albertit). 
ToUa  length  about  17  inches,  wing  6-5,  tail  29,  cuUnen  1-63, 
tanuB  1-62. 

Female.  Similar. 

Foung.  Feathers  of  the  flanks  paler  and  with  the  white  spots 
elongated  and  lanceolated  (Sfhlfgd). 

Bab.  Mindanao,  Celebes,  Moluccas,  and  New  (juinea. 

ti.  Ad.  at,  [Sumatra.]  PurcliBBed. 

*.  5  »d.  at  (.Celebes.  "WaUace  ColL  I 

ft  ij  ftd.  ak.        Bouru.  Wallace  CoU.  { 

(Types  of  "Wallace's  description.) 
J.  J  ad-ak.        Larat.  Tenimber  Islands,  Aug.     11.  O.  Forbes,  Esq.  [CJ. 


9.  Dendrocycna  eTtoni. 

Leptotusis  eTtoni,  Oauld,  MSS.;  Eyt.  .Won.  Anal.  p.  Ill  (1638); 
GquM,  B.  Atutr.  Tii.  pL  15  (pt.  xi.,  ISIT,) ;  Bp.  Compf.  Bfrnd.  iliu. 
p.  6*9,  a.  59(1856);  Frh.  Xomra  Sfix,  Viiifft,  p,  137  (1865); 
^.  Syn.  Anal.  p.  63  (1869);  G.  R.  Gr.  HaniLUtt,  iii.  p.  80, 
n.  10617(1871). 

Dendrocygna  eytoni.  Q.  S.  Or.  LiU  B.  Br.  Mm.  iii.  p.  132 
(1644);  id.  OrfTi.  S.  iii.  p.  612,  n.  7  (1645);  BcAab.  Byn.  Av., 
Natalorea,  t  99.  ff.  23.57-68  {ex  Gould)  (18.50);  Stanl.  SaU-Utt 
Knoauley  Men.  p.  45  (1851) ;  Sola/.  P.  Z.  S.  I8fi4,  p.  301 ;  Gould, 
Sandi.  B.  Aiatr.  ii.  p.  375  (1803) ;  ScJileg.  Mum.  P.-B.,  Anseres, 
p.  87  { 1866) ;  Sriat.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  B86  (Zool.  Oard.) ;  D^L  B. 
Amtr.  ii.  pL  144.  £  1  (1870) ;  Hurt.  Cat.  B.  Neuj  Zeal.  pp.  86,  77 
(1871):  Piruch.  J.  f.  O.  1872.  p.  184;  Purdie,  Tr.  Jf.  Z.  Iiut. 
1872,  p.  213  (New  Zealand) ;  Sector,  Sml.,  note ;  Balkr.  Hut.  S. 
J/ew  Zca/.pp.  xxi,  a«5  (1873) ;  Fltueh,  J.f.  O.  1874.  p.  201 ;  Gitb. 
The*.  Om.  u.  p.  31  (1875) ;  Sharpe,  Zool.  Ereb.  *  Terr.,  Bird*, 
App.  p.  31  (197.5)  ;  Cailebt.  ^  Ratiu.  Pr.  Idim.  Soe.  N.  S.  W.  i. 
p.  396  (Norman  River,  Gulf  of  CnrpeaUria)  (1877);  Beknw.  Om. 
Ventraibl.  lr«2.p.  23;  BuUer,  Man.  B.  New  Zeal  p.  67(1882); 


Selat.  Li*t  Vert.  An.  8th  ed. 


7\t#»i.  1886,  p.  244  (Tas ,  .  __  .     _.      .. 

Ztai.  3nd  ed.  ii.  p^  268  (1888) ;  North,  Cat.  Ne»t>  ^  Egff$  Aiulr. 

J,  p.a40(]B89);H«rter(,iat.  r.weitamm;.  p.  229(1691) ;  SAarpe, 

Cat.  Oilevl.  Speeim.  Coll.  Sarp.  iii.  p.  207  (1891). 
Jlendroeygnn  versicolor,  Hartl.  Ertl.  Nadir.    Voijeliamml.   p.  19, 

n.  'J-X3  (184(!)  (deser.  nulla). 
Uondrocyatia  arcuala,  Bennett  (nee  Cuv.),  in  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1866, 

p.  149  (Sydney). 
Dandnxyena  (Leptotanis)  eyioid,  Bennett,  P.  Z.  S.  1806,  p.  41S; 

Rami.  Pr.  Linn.  Soe.  N.  S.  W.  i.  p.  195  (187C).  W.  i«i.  a  p.  200, 

n.  ftM  (1877) ;  id.  Tab.  UU,  p.  22,  0.  666  (1888). 
KlrooYciul  eytoni,  Sriat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  510;   Srhnte.  Veg.  d, 
kL  OUH.  p.  59  (1882) ;  Tri^.  Cat.  Colt.  B.  p.  CO  (1889). 


Adult.  Upper  part  of  the  head,  hind-neck,  and  breast  pale 
oohTMOB  brown  ;  aides  of  the  head  and  neok  didl  pale  gre}',  fading 
into  white  on  the  throat ;  back  and  wings  greyish  brown  ;  the 
feathers  of  the  back  and  scapulars  with  paler  edges ;  upper  tail- 
coTeits  whitish  hufi,  broaiily  edged  with  greyish  brown  ;  sides  and 
lower  part  of  the  breast  reddi^,  regularly  barred  with  black,  the 
black  bars  broader  on  the  sidee ;  feathers  of  the  flanks  very  long, 
of  a  bnff  colour,  and  mai^ined  with  black ;  abdomen  and  under 
tail-coverts  bufiy  white  ;  qniUs  and  tail  brown  ;  under  wing-coTerts 
with  reddish  and  brown-grey  bands  ;  axillaries  pale  reddish  along 
the  middle,  brown-grey  on  the  edges:  "  i rides  dark  brown;  bill 
yellowish  browu,  largely  blotched  with  black;  the  nail  darker 
brown;  legs  and  feet  pale  flesh-brown"  (Bulhr);  "feet  bright 
rose-colour ;  bill  reddish  flesh-colour,  with  n  laige  mottled  patch  in 
the  centre;  irides  orange"  {DiggUa).  Total  length  16  inches, 
wing  9-5,  tail  3,  colmen  1-6,  tarsus  2. 

Female.  Similar. 

Saib.  Australia;  it  stra^les  to  New  Zealand. 

0.  Ad.  sk.  Australia. 

b-g.  Ad.  sL  Australia      ( Coekerell 

Thorpe). 
A,  "i  *.  (J  2  ad.  et     N.W.  Australia.  Capt.  Bowjer  Bower 

juT.  sk.  fP.]. 

^,  m.  [J  $  ad.  sk.       N.W.  Australia,  March,  May.    J.    R-    Elsey,    Esq. 

n.  d  ad.  sk.  Pott  Essuurtou.  J.    B.    Jukes,    Esq. 

^  [I'.l. 

0.  Ad.  St.  Pott  Ea^ugtoD.  Dr.  Sibbald  jT.]. 

p.  Ad.  St.  New  South  Wales.  Australian    Museum 

[P.]. 


'24.  caasALOPKL,  167 

1.  Cbenalopex  sgyptucna. 

Aiwer  (BBTpliaeuB,  Jliitt.  Orii.  yi.  p.  -284,  pi.  27  (ITiiO) ;  Bmrn.  Enc, 
Miih.i.  p.  118,  pi.  29.  r.  3  (1790) ;  Temm.  Man.  iTOm.  iv.  p.  523 
(lear,) :  WoHm.  Ftk/.  DiMieM.  ri,  p.  418,  Taf.  294  (1843) ;  Math. 
Faun.  SieiL  p.  Sin  (1843);  iSeA/t^,  ifn>,  Orit.  p.  cxi  (1844); 
B™**,  J./.  O.  18S4.  p,  277  ;  Brekm,  J./.  0.  lft5S,  p.  484 ;  Tayl. 
Ihit,   }fm,  p.  54;  Schleg.  Mut.  P.-B.,  Aasexm.  p.   84   (1866); 

«w;.  iJ«.  isn.p.air,. 

Anu  WBjpliao*,  Z.wi.  S.  A",  i,  p.  197,  n.  10  (17fl«)  ;  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  9, 
p.  512,  n.  10  (I78S)  (eicL  Tar.  3) ;  Lath.  Itid.  On.  ii.  p.  S40,  n.  21 


17i)0j  (exc\.  var.  (3) ;  Om/Ti-.  Minag.  d»  ^lu.  </£uf.  JViif.,  art 
'^■-  ■'E^UpU,  pp.  1-4.  pi.  —  (1801) ;  S4.IW,  JVo(.  jVue.  pi.  606 

:  Cut.  Sign.  An.  L  p.  531   (1817) ;  Lath.  Gen.  Hut.  x. 

(1834) ;  Civ.  Sign.  An.  Sod  ed.  i.  p.  669  (1829) ;  LeM.  Tr. 


OuJTEgypU,  pp.  1-4,  pi.  —  (1801) ;  Shaw,  Jfat.  Mite,  j 

(1834'     '■ 
Sehlrg.  Ib-b.  Crit.  p.  ad  (\U^)~  Chapm.  Trm.  S.  ^^.u.  App.  p.  421 


.  p.  531  (1817) ;  Xa(A.  Gen.  Hut.  i. 
V.  344  (1834) ;  Cue.  Jltgn.  An.  Sod  ed.  i.  p.  669  (1829) ;  I«m.  Tr. 
iOm.  p.  6S8  (leai) ;  Trmm.  PI.  Cot.  i.  TW.  Mm.  p.  103  (1838)  i 


tie«8). 

"ye  d'Egyple,  D'AtAeul.  PI.  Enl.  379  (1770) ;  £«*:  Hiel.  Nat.  Oil. 

ix.  p.  7H,  pi.  4(1783). 
(hro  du  Cap  dp  Bonne-Esp^rMCO,  D'Aubenl.  PI.  Enl.  382, 983. 
Ova  wuvapr  du  Cap  de  bonae  espirancB,  Sonrter.  Voy.  Jnd.  Or,  ii. 
p.  230  11782). 
I  Oio   am^   (error*),  Buff.  Hitt.   Sat.   Oii.  ii.   p.   76  (esd.  syn.) 

I'  (1783). 

Egrptjan  Qoose.  LalA.  Sm.  iii.  2,  p.  453,  n.  16  (1785) ;   YarreU, 
P.  Z.  S.  183:5,  p.  4  itwchwi). 
Anser  africaniis,  B'mn.  Ene.  Mfth.  i.  p.  lit)  (1790). 
Anaa  met^oiier,  Naum,  A'aturg.  Land-  u.  Waster-Viig.  m.  pp.  329, 
478,t.  53.  f.  78(17l«l). 
Amu  Tfuia,  Ber:k't.  Om.  Tatchenh.  ii.  p.  'l->4,  n.  39  (1803)  {ex  Nattm. 
l.e.t.m.  t  78),  iii.  p.  090  (1812) ;  td.  Naturg.  DeutKhl.  (2nd  ed.| 
IT.  p  1043,  □.  IS. 
Aii»er  TBriuB,  Meyer  *  WoW',  Taiehenh.  ii.  p.  .'m  {18101,  iii.  p.  232 
(1822) ;   Vieill.  N.  D.  xuii.  p.  33.5  (1818) ;  Dnm.  Diet.  Be.  SaL 
xxzT.  p.  464  (1626). 
Chenalopox  Myptinca,  SUfA.  flen.  Zoal.  xii.  p.  43,  pi.  42  (1824)  ; 
Oould,   B.  Eur.  pi.  i'lS   (1837);  Egt.  Man.  Anat.  pp.  22,  103, 
pi.  7  (skeli^toii  and  trtuhea)  (1838) ;  Bp.  Comp.  IM,  p,  56,  d,  403 
(1838);  O.  R.  Gr.  Utf  Gen.  B.  v-  72(1840);  K.^  B.  Wirbetth. 
Bitr.  pp.  lixiiT,  22-5  (1R40);  So.   Cat.  Met.    Uoc.  Eur.  p.  70, 
n.  428  (1S42) ;  Harni,  Higkl.  o/jEtAiop.  p.  417  (1844) ;  G.  k  Or. 
Litt  B.  Brit.  Mui.  iii.  p.  126  (1844) ;  ffiW-  Sf/a.  Uehert.  p.  137, 
n.  487  (1845) ;  Det  Muri,  m  Zefebvre,  Voy.  Abytt.,  Git.  p.  170 
(I84S)  ;    ViertA.  Ntmrnminia,   18.52,  pp  29,  55;  StriekL  Am.  ^ 
Mag.  JV.  JT.  1852,  p.  349 ;  Bp.  Compt.  Rend,  xliii. 
(18M);  U<^l.  .SyU.  Ueheri 


.  228;  Antm.  Cat.  p  112  (1864) 
:  /Jodrr/.  Avif.  Sieil.  p.  2.56  (1869) ; 
Hitigt.  Peterm.  Urogr.  Mtfth.  1889.  p.  411;  Tarx.  J.f.O.  1870, 
p,  G5(Coii«tat)tii>n);  BUmf.Qeol.  fy  &<>/.»^^  V-P- 438  (1870) ; 
JWA,  Tr.  Z>H.l.  &K.  Til.  p.  800  (1870);  Tact.  J./.  O.  1870. 
>.  55  (Constantina);  fi.  B.  Gr.  Hand-liM.  iii.  p.  74,  q.  105-57 
.1B71) ;  SheU.  B.  i{f  £giipt,  p  270  (1872) :  Sund.  Meth.  not.  Ae. 
dim.  Tent.  p.  140  (ft72) ;  Harti.  Orieck.  Jakrr*t.  iii.  p.  28K 
(1875);  AltHtn,J./.  O.  1877,  p  107  (Europe);  BoUe,  ibid.  p.  200 ; 


Fitek.  ^  Eehnw.  J.  f.  O.  1878,  p.  248 ;  Fueh.  ibid.  p.  296 
(Kau),  J879,  pp.  296,  2m,  301  ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  498;  id. 
Lid  VeH.  An.  8th  ed.  p.  416  (1883);  Salvad.  Ann.  Mut.   Civ. 


Gen.  (2)  i.  pp.  241,  276  (Shot.)  (1884) ;  Triilr.  Faun.  ^  Flora  of 
Paled,  p.  114  (Dead  Sea)  (1884) ;  Sharpe,  Layard'e  B.  S.  Afr. 
p,  747  (1884) ;  Saund.  YarrelCi  SiiL  Br.  B.  iv.  p.  300  (1884-85) ; 


ibii,  1888,  p.  306;  Salvad.  Ann.  Mm.  Cio.  Gen.  (2)  \ 
p.  319  (Shoa)  (1888) ;  J}uboi»,  Bull.  Mut.  Roy.  ^H.  N.  dt  Be^. 
IV.  p.  149,  n.  190  (1886)  (TangaiiYika) ;  Koenig,  J.  f.  0.  1888, 
p.  285;  Trittr.  Cat.  CoU.  B.  pp.  61,  270  (1889);  Sharpe,  Cat. 
OtUot.  8pee.  CoU.  Surg.  iii.  p.  294  (1891) ;  id.  Ibit,  1892,  p.  641-: 
Koen^,  J.  f.  0.  1893,  p.  96. 

Tadoms  sgyptiaca,  B^,  Int,  1826,  p.  981, 1830,  p.  996. 

Olieiulopez  ffigrptiacuB,  Wa^l.  I*U,  1832,  p.  1235 ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Gen. 
B.  iii.  p.  eij6,  n.  1  (1845)  ;  Echnb.  Syn.  Ae.,  Anseres,  t.  102. 
ff.  236^  (1846);  id.  Av.  Sgd.  Nat.  p.  ix  (1852);  Brehm, 
J.f.  0.  1863,  Extiaheft,  p.  103,  1864,  p.  84;  Lichl.  A'om«ncl.  At. 
p.  101  (1854)  i  Bli/th,  J.  A.  S.  B.  iiiv.  p.  305  (Somftli)  (1855) ; 
Brehm,  Vogelf.  p.  369  (1866) ;  id.  J.f.  0. 1856,  pp.  329, 336, 398, 
477,  1857,  p.  357;  Homo/.  J.  f.  O.  1869,  p.  370;  i^ke,  Urn, 
I860,  p.  248;  Blt/th  ^  Speke,  Sep.  Coll.  Somali  Country,  p.  16 
<1860) ;  Licht.  Reiten,  Si.  -a.  569 ;  HaHl.  J.  /.  O.  1861,  p.  272 
(Biseao) ;  Livingil.  Mint.  Trav.  p.  204 ;  Kirk,  Bnt,  1864,  p.  336 ; 
Taylor,  Ibii,  1867,  p.  71 ;  Layard,  B.  S.  Afr.  p.  347  (1867) :  Boe. 
Jom.  Ae.  8c.  Li»b.  1867,  p.  329 ;  Gum.  Ibti,  1868,  p.  49  (Natol) ; 
Trittr.  Ibis,  1868,  p.  328  (Dead  Sra) ;  Layard,  Ibis,  1869,  p.  377 ; 
Cab.  in  V.  d.  Deck.  lieii.  iii.  p.  51  (1869) ;  FintcA  ^  HaHl.  Vog. 
Ott'Afr.  p.  803  (1870) ;  Ltmdoii,  ZooL  Gart.  1871,  p.  251  (West- 
pbiilia):  SMI.B.  of  Eyvpt,  p.  279  (1872);  GUh.  The).  Orn.'i. 
p.  368  (1872) ;  Andera.  B.  Damara  Land,  p.  335  (1872) ;  Srugl. 
Om.  N.O.-Afr.  ii.  2,  p.  1286  (1873);  Boc.  Jam.  Ac.  tic.  Liib. 
1873,  pp.  198,  289,  294,  1874,  p.  45 ;  id.  J.  f.  O.  1876,  p.  296 
(Mofi^raedes,  Humbe,  Cunene,  Bio  Coroca) ;  ifcAnu-.  Jlig.  zooL 


Reid,  Zoolag.  1882,  p.  427  (Natal) ;  Nathut.  J.  f.  O. 


24.   CHRSALOPEt. 


189 


Hyliridt, 
Tadoma  Kg}-ptinFaX  Anns  boschan,  Leverk.  J.f.  O.  1890,  p.  221. 

Adult  mole.  Feathers  roand  tlic  base  of  ibc  bill,  a  patch  ronnd 
the  eyes,  back  of  the  neck,  and  ring  round  lower  part  of  the  latt«r 
mdd; ;  rest  of  the  heiid  and  upper  part  of  the  neck  greyish  brown ; 
mnntle  mddy  S''^7>  finely  lineated  with  dark  (p'ey ;  lower  back, 
nimp,  and  upper  tail-coverts  black  ;  lower  neck,  breast,  and  flanks 
buff,  finely  lineated  with  grey ;  on  the  middle  of  the  breast  a  maroon 
p.-itch;  abdomen  white;  under  tail-coverts  ruddy;  Bcapulars  and 
tertiaries  ruddy  ;  upper  wingnjoverts  white,  with  a  narrow  black 
bdud  near  the  tip  of  the  greater  ones  ;  secondaries  shining  green  ; 
primaries,  their  coverts,  bastard-wing,  aod  tail  black  ;  inner  under 
wing-coTerts  and  axillarieH  white ;  "  iris  dark  yellow ;  bill  pink, 
with  tip,  margins,  and  base  black ;  tarsi  and  feet  pink "  (Ai/ra). 
Total  length  28  inches,  wing  16,  tail  SI,  bill  1-78,  tarsus  3. 

FtmoU.  Similar  to  the  male,  but  smaller,  and,  according  to 
Dr.  Finsch,  paler,  and  with  the  pect«ral  maroon  patch  smaller. 

Bab.  Africa  and  Palestine. 


a.  PoUit. 
&.  Ad.  at. 

A$«d.St. 

c  Ad.sk. 
/  Ad.  *L 


^ 


■,9.  (f  ad.  sk. 

p.  Ad.ik. 

•y.  Ad  Bk. 
r.  Jur.  at 
J,  f.  tf  2  ad.  sk. 

L.  Ad.«t  jar.  sk. 
a".  Skelelou. 
b\  Skeleton. 
«*,  d^.  Sterna  and  a 


Kred  in  captivity.] 
hlertire.  SttrUng:shire. 
Kiver  Tweed,  April  4. 
Kiver  Tweed. 

Egypt. 

Egypt. 


Waliko,  Jnly  K  ( W.  Jeue). 
Mnragaz,  July  28  |  W.  Jaue). 

ECii,  Slioa,  -Vpril  (Sir  W.  C. 

Lake  Xaiwascho. 

Zambesi  {Dr.  Bradthaw), 

South  .\friea. 

Uumbe,    fi.    Cuoene,    Jan. 

(Anchieta). 
Itiver  Niger,  Dec. 


A.  D.  Bortlett,  Esq. 
Sir  D.  Dunda*  [P.J 

Purehased. 

W.  B.  T.  TumbalL 

Esq.  [P.]. 
Victor    Amus,    Esq. 

[P.], 
Hume  Coll. 
W.  T.  Illanford,  Esq. 

[C.]. 
TweeSdnle  ColL 
IL  E.  Dresser,  Esq. 


India  M  us 


A.  G.  Baxter,  Esq. 

[C.]. 
Shelley  CoU. 
Old  Coll. 
Shelley  CoU. 

Dr.  Baikie  rO.]. 

Zuolojpcal  Society. 


ipulor  girdles, 
Ifi/hrid  btUveen  "  Penguin  Duck  " 
cT  «d.  et.  Divd  in  captivity. 


C.  iegjiiliacus. 

Zoological  Society, 


2.  Chenalopex  jabatns. 

AiiBOr  jnbotus,  Sph,  Ar.  Jira..   ii.  p.  84.  t.   108  (1S26)  {nae 

juhats,  lath.  ISOl) ;  Jfwm.  Sffii.  UfUra.  iii.  p.  433  (18fi6). 


Anser  polycomos,   Cuv.  Mti».  Farit ;   Lea.  Tr.  itOm.  p.  637,  n.  4 

(1831);  Pucher.  See.  et  Mag.  de  Zool.   1850,  p.  546  (  =  iubfttus, 

Spiv) ;  Hartl.  J.f.  0.  1866,  p.  419 ;  Sehleg.  Mua.  P.-B.,  Aoseres, 

p.  96  (1866). 
Cheiulopei  iubatiu,   WagL  Iiu,  1832,  p.   1235,  n.  2;  O.  R.   Gr. 

Gm.  B.  iii.   p.  605,  n.  4,  pi.  164  (1946) ;  Bthjji.  Syn.  Av.,  Naia- 

toree,  t.   lOa.  H.  234-236  (1845) ;  J.  E.  Gr.  Glean,  from  Knowgl. 

Mettag.  pi.  xr.  {1846} ;  ScAon^.  Guian.  Seie.  iiL  p.  762  (1848) ; 

Taohr,  Ibit,  1864,  p.  96  {Orinoco) ;  Sdat.  ^  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1866, 

p.  200  (Lower  Ucayali) ;  Ei/t.  Sifn.  Anat.  p.  53  (Id69) ;  Pels.  Om. 

Brat.  pp.  319,  459,  Iviii  (1870);  Sdnt.  ^  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1873, 

p.  304 ;  Scknm.  T'dg.  toot.  Giirt.  p.  63  (1882) ;  Salv.   Ibit,  1886, 

p.  172. 
Chenalopex  jubata,  G.  S.  Gr.  Litt  B.  Brit.  Mu».  iii.  p.  126  (1844)  ; 

Bp.   Compl.  Bend,  iliii.  p.   649,  n.  44  (1866) ;    Sclat.  k   Salv. 

yomenel.  Av.  A'^trop.  ■p.  128(1873);  iid.P.Z.S.  1876,  p.  369; 

Sclat.  P.ZS.   1880,  p.  499;  ia,  List  Vert.  An.  8th  ©d.  p.  416 

(1883) ;  Tact.  Om.  Pir.  iii.  p.  468  (1886) ;   Trittr.  Cat.  CoU.  B. 

p.  5  (1889). 
Adiw  pollicBrifi,  lilig.,  und£ 
Anser  pollicarie,  Ltdit.  in  Mat.  Berol. ;  Gieb.  Thei.  Om.  i.  p.  873 

a872). 
Clieu&lopex  pollicaris,  Licht.  Nomeacl.  Av.  p.  101  (1854). 
Chenonena  lubsta,  G.  H  Gr.  (nee  Brandt)  Hand-lUt.  iii.  p.  74, 

n.  10568  (1871)  ;  Sand.  Metk.  tiat  Av.  dap.  Tent.  p.  146  (1872) ; 

Heine  ^  Mchme.  Norn.  Mta.  Sein.  Om.  p.  341  (1890). 

Advil.  Head,  neck,  and  breast  dull  whitish  ^rey,  darker  on  the 
hind-neck  ;  upper  muntle  and  acapnlars  ruddy  ;  lower  mantle  and 
inner  scapulars  brown  ;  back,  rump,  upper  tail-coverts,  tul,  and 
wings  black  with  a  green  gloss  ;  abdomen  ruddy,  whitish  along  che 
middle,  changing  into  blackish  brown  on  the  lower  part ;  under 
tail-coverta  white ;  greater  wing-coverta  metalLc  green  with  a 
purple  glosH  :  biise  of  iho  aecondiirii's  white,  t'omiiug  a  white  ajjecu- 


A'ey  to  the  SjiecUs. 

a.  A  promiDETUt  red  koub  at  the  base  of  die  bill ;  heed 

and  upper  part  of  the  ueck  blnck,  gloaaed  willi 

green;  Uui  wliite,  tipped  with  black cornnta,  p.  171. 

b.  So  knob  at  the  boae  uf  the  hill ;   head  and  neck 

entirely  whit« ;  tail  black    rad/ah,  p.  176. 

1.  ladoma  cornuta. 
The  Common  Sheld-duck;  Sbieldrake. 
Anse  niaritima,  Gtsn.  Aties.  p.  «03  (1655). 
Tadoma  belunii,  Jta^,  titfu.  Av.  p.  140  (1713). 
Tudoma,  Briti.  Om.  \i.  p.  344,  pi.  miii.  f.  2  (1700). 
Anas  tadomo,  Linn.  S.  N.   i.   p.  193,  u.  4   (17B6)  ;  Gn.  S.  N.  i.  2, 

p.  500,   a.  1  (1788);  Lath.  Ind.  On,,   ii.  p,  854,  n.  66   (1790); 

£oim.  Enc.  Milk.  i.  p.   123.  pi.  37.  f.  3  (1790) ;  Lnth.  Tr.  Limt. 

Soe.  iv.  p.  117,  t.  IT.  £  8,  9  (trachea)  (17»8) ;  Pall.  Zoogr.  Somo- 

A».  ii.  p.  238  (1811)  ;   Temm.  Man.  dOrn.  p.  639  (1815) ;   rieill. 

y,  D.  T.  p.  158  (1810) ;  Dum.  Diet.  Sc.  Nat.  -n.  p.  363  (1817) ; 

remm.  Man.  eCOm.  •inA  ad.  ii.  p.  83.f  (It^l) ;  Lkht.  Verz.  DoubL 

p.  84  (1823):  Hata.  EUrm.  di  Ziut.  m.  0,  p.  97,  t  30.  f.  I  (182«); 

WerH.AtUu,  PalmipMea,  pi.  38  (182»);  Leu.  Man.d'Om.  a. 

p.  416  (1828) ;  H.  Tr.  d'Orn.  p.  633  (1831) ;  &ie>i,  Om.  Tomc.  iii. 

p.   166  (1831);  Tetmn.  Man.  d'Om.  it.  p.  631   (1840);  Naum. 

Yog.  DeuUchl.  ».  p.  634,  t.  298  (1842) ;  SckUg.  £ev.  Crit.  -p.  av 

(1844)  ;  Tanm.  <$-  Schltg.  Fatm.  Jap.,  Avti,  p.  128  (1S60) ;  Kjarb. 

Om.  Dan.  p.  363,  Taf.  4U,  et  Sui^H.  Tsf.  26  (1862)  ;  Paul.  J.f.  O. 

1863,  p.  243  (E.  Finmark] ;  A.  Bnhm,  J.  f.   O.  1854,  p.  84; 

VanffenoB,  J.f.  O.   1866,  p.  345  (Neumark) ;  MkU.  J.f.  O.  1856, 

p.S32(Caitiatsue):  Aucry,  J./.  0. 1857,  p.  123  {Algeria);  S<Aleg. 

Veff.  NfdfTl.  p.  643,  pU.  303,  304  (1858) ;  Antin.  J.f.  O.  1868, 

p.  4»4  (Smjma) ;  SotU,  Aid.  p.  489 ;   Quutorp,  J.  f.   O.   1860, 

p.  78 ;  BoUand,  ibid.  p.  305  (Ostaoestrand) ;  Altwn,  J./.  C 


J.f.  0.  ISOa.  p.  »7 ;  Somty.  J.  f.  0. 1870,  p.  43  (E.  Siberia) ; 

mmgl.  J.f.  0.  1871,  pp.  10,  82  (Skoro,  N.  Europe);  Gieb.   Tket 

Om.   i.  p.  363  (1872);   Sevtrts.  Turktst.  Jemtn.  p.  70  (1878); 

£tnA.  in  Sutid.  Soeittk.  FogL  p.  1311,  ^.  IviiL  f.  1  (1886). 
t  Anaa  subturranea,  Scop.  Ann.  I.  Jtiit.  Nat.  p.  67,  n.  83  (1769). 
Anaa  corouta,  J.'.  G.  GimI.  &it.  Jtuist.  ii.  p.  186,  t.  19  (1774); 

CaUtU,  Nut  Mmj.f.  Nat.  1877,  p.  198. 
Volpoca  o  Tadonia,  Ger.  A/or,  dtyli  Ucr.  r.  I,  576  (1770). 
Tadomv,  jyAubmt.  PI.  Eni  53 ;  Buff.  Hitt.  Nat.  Oi».  ix.  p,  205, 

J  J.  liv.  (17831. 
Uck-hended  Dudt,  Sliaw,  Trav.  p.  254. 
Uamietln  Uuck,  Lath.  Hi/n.  iii.  2,  p.  487,  n.  41  (1785). 
Shieldnke,  Lath.  op.  eit.  p.  504,  n.  61  (1786). 
Anas  damiatica,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  2,  p.  535,  n.   10(t  (1786)  {e-c  Haiielq. 

Jt.  p.  an,  n.  :(6, 1767) ;  Lalk.  bid.  Orn.  ii.  u.  650,  n.  48  (1790) ; 

Bomt.Enc.  Mith.i.f.  131(1790);   Vieill.  iV.  B.  v.  p.  119  (1810) ; 

Dvm.  Diet.  Sc.  Nat.  vi.  p.  379  (1817) :  Stfph.  Om.  Zeol  iii.  2, 

p.  108  (1824). 
Tadomit  ladoma,  Ftfia.   Phil,  of  Zaol.  ii.   p.   260  (1822);    LitAt. 

NomeTii-l.  Av.  p.  101  (1854|;  UarUrt,  Kat.  VogeUmnml.  p.  228 

(1«01) ;  id.  Ibis,  lci92,  p.  618  (E.  Pruawu). 


Todonu  fomiliiirifl,  Boie,  hi*,  1822,  p.  564. 

Ttkdoma  beUonii,  Steph.  Gen.  Zool.  lii.  2,  p.  72,  pi.  4G  (1824) ;  Sw. 
Clau.  B.  ii.  p.  368  (1836) ;  E^.  Man.  Anat.  p.  105,  pi.  1.  ff.  8, 4 
(trachea),  pi.  3  {stemimi),  pi.  8.  f.  3  (csca),  pi.  9  (skeleton)  (1838) ; 
SeAnb.  Ad.  Suit.  Nat.  p.  i  (1852) ;  Bp.  Compt.  Bmd.  xliii.  p.  649, 
n.  52  (1856) ;  Hartm.  J.  f.  0.  18B4,  p.  235 ;  Coflett,  Norg.  Fia/l. 
p.  63  (1868) ;  Egt.  ^.  Anat.  p.  55  (1869) ;  (Mett,  Om.  Bemiirk. 
1671,  p.  63. 

Tadoma  Tvlpnuser,  I7em.  Sut.  Br.  Anim.  p.  122  (1828) ;  Gould, 
P.Z.S.  1834,  p.  51  (Trabizond);  Strickl.  P.Z.S.  1836,  p.  102 
(Smyrna) ;  Gould,  B.  Eur.  pi.  367  (1837) ;  Bp.  Camp.  Lilt,  p.  66, 
n.  404  (1836) ;  id.  Cat.  Met.  Ucc.  Eur.  p.  70,  n.  429  (1842) ;  HarlL 
Vers.  Ges.  Jtfa*.  p.  118  (1844) ;  G.  B.  Gr.  Liit  S.  Brit.  Mta.  iii. 
p.  132  (1844) ;  id.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  613,  n.  1  (1846) ;  id.  Cat.  Hodga. 
Coll.  B.  M.  p.  144  (1846) ;  RchtA.  Sun.  Av.,  Natatores,  L  93.  ff.  432- 
34(1846);  Blytk,  Cat. B.  Mw,.  A.  S.  B.f. 933, 0.1769  {\8^);  A. 
Brehm,  J.f.  6.  1855,  p.  367 ;  Cau.  Exp.  Am.  Squadr.  Oina  Seat 
1^ Japan,  ii.  p.  248  (Macao)  (1856)  f cf.  J.f.  0. 1868,  p.  460) ;  Jffoiwy. 
J.f.  0. 1859,  p.  371 ;  SimnA.  IbU,  1860,  p.  67  (Amoy) ;  Trittr.  ibid. 
p.  81  (Tuggurt)  :  Pouyji,  ibid.  p.  354  (Ionian  lal.) ;  Sicink.  Ibis, 
1861,  p.  344  (N.  China),  1883,  p.  434  (FordoBa) ;  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1863, 
p.  324 ;  O.  R.  Gr.  Cat.  Hodgt.  Coll.  B.  M.  2nd  ed.  p.  76  (1863) ; 
Jerrf-^.^Jnd-iii.  p.794(lefti)i  ^/fen, /6u,1864,  p.l89;  More, 
Bnt,  1866,  p.  442  (England) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1869,  p.  629  (breeding) ; 
Oouid,  B.  Gr.  Brit.  v.  pi.  11  (1869) ;  Frittch,  Viy.  Eur.  Taf.  60. 
f.  6  (1870) ;  Eltoet  *  Bucld.  IbU,  1870,  p.  339  (Turkey) ;  Shell 
iiis.  1871,  p.  315;  &Knd.  *iii.p.376  (Spain);  SheU.  B. of  Egifpt, 
p.  281  (1872);  Ihtrnf.  Ibis,  1874,  p.  403  (N.  Frisia)  ;  GulUv. 
P.Z.S.  1876,  p.  468;  Schmidt,  P.Z.S.  1880,  p.  317;  Simmn, 
Oit,  1882,  p.  «i  (E.  Bengal) ;  »:ht.  Litt  Vert.  An.  8th  ed.  p.  428 
(1883);  T^tvrk.  J.f.  0.  1887,  p.  2)2;  %««,  IbU,  1891,  p.  4M 
(Yangtse). 

Tadonia  ^bhera,  BreAm,  leie,  1830,  p.  997,  n.  1 ;  id.  Viig.  BeuUckl. 
p.  856  (1831) ;  id.  Vogelf.  p.  370  (18.56), 


25,  tambhji.  173 

p.  370  (1856)  ;  L.  Srehm,  Sauuiannia,  1855,  p.  291 ;  A.  Orehm, 

J.f.  O.  1855,  p.  307. 
Anu  (Vulponser)  taduma,  Radde,  RrU.  S.  O.Sibir.  U.  p,  300  (I803J. 
Chenalopex  tadorna,  u.  Vroite.  J.f.  O.  1805,  p.  353. 
AuAS  rutpaueer,  David,  N.  Arch,  ilu  Mm.,  Bull,  tu.  Cat.  a.  444 


nsri). 

Tuorna  co 


I,  6.  R.  Gr.  Sand-lut,  iii.  p.  80,  n.  10618  (1871) ; 
SiwitA.  P.  Z.  S.  1871.  p.  418  (Chios) ;  -ffa.w,  Sr.  Featk.  i.  p.  260 
(1873):  Se^.  Om.  N.O.-AJr.  u.  2.  p.  130t  (1873);  JAmf.  ^ 
M.  Brown,  iSu,  1875,  p,  427  tTranBjlvfuuft) ;  B.,  B.,  R.  «.  S.  J.f. 
O.  1877,  p.  336;  Dreu.  Ibi»,  1876,  p.  419;  Blak.  ^  Pruer,  Ibu, 
1878,  p.  :il3;  Piyer.  Roal.  On.  Mite.  iii.  p.  100  (Mongolia) 
(1878)  i  Dreu.  B.  Ear.  v\.  p.  461,  pL  420  (pt».  67,  68,  I«78) ; 
Gigl  Icon.  Avif.  Jiat.  fa«c.  ii.  Uv.  ;148  (1870) ;  Hwm,  Sir.  Fealh. 
TiL  p.  492,  Tiii.  p.  115,  n.  056  (1879) ;  Hume  *  MarA.  Game  B. 
iU.p.l63,pL  la  (1880);  JWoI.  P.  Z.  S.  18e0,p.  511 ;  Gigl.  Iln*, 
1881,  p.  214;  SrtlA.  iiii,  1882,  p.  SiJS  (Aslnikhiui);  Sah.  Vat.  B. 
StHekt.  a>U.  p,  631  (1882) ;  B.  O.  U.  Liit  Brit.  B.  p.  122  (1883) ; 
Sfi^h.  Ibi»,  1884,  p.  175  (NaKftski) ;  Saimd.  YarrtlCt  Hiet.  Br.  B. 
i*.  p,  »5S  (1084);  Seebk.  Hiit.  Br.  B.  iii.  p.  520,  pi.  6U  (egg) 
(1885) ;  Sativd.  El.  Uec.  Ital.  p.  266  (1880) ;  Tait,  ibit,  im, 
p.  375  (Portugal);  Waih.  Mitth.  ont.  Ver.  iS'ien,  1887,  p.  18a 
(Styria)  i  Koen^.  J.f.  O.  1888,  p.  306  (Tuiub)  ;  Samders,  Man. 
Br.  B.  p.  407  (1689) ;  Lilf.  iSu,  1889,  p.  345  (Cyprus) ;  Trnfr. 
Cat.  CoU.  B.  p.  50  (188a);  &cM.  B.  Jap.  £mp.  p.  241  (1800) ; 
£miu,  Ibii,  1881,  p.  73  (breeding) ;  SAarpe,  Cat.  0$Uol.  Spec.  Coll. 
Smrff.  iii.  p.  209  (1891)  ;  SeebA.  Ibis.  1892,  p.  37  (Hdigoland) ; 
J)e  ta  Touche,  Ibis,  IS()2,  p.  461  (Foocliuw  aad  Swatow) ;  Dvbui», 
Famt.  Vert.  Belg.,  Oit.  ii.  p.  423,  pi.  261  (1892) ;  Peart.  ^  Bidic. 
IbU,  1894.  p.  232  (N.  Norway). 

Vulpanser  (Anas)  tadoma,  Barth.  Norg.  FtigUv.  p.  40  (1881). 

Tadonta  damiatica,  Stejn.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mtu.  1882,  p.  88;  ScAal, 
J.f.  0. 1890,  pp.  5, 10, 39;  Rehnw.  J.f.  O.  1890,  p.  fe;  Floeriekr. 
J.f.  O.  1891,  pp.  171,  198,  291.  1892,  p.  251. 

Tadonia  vulgHns,  Serb/i.  Iln$,  1883,  p.  33. 

Miibridt. 
Tadoma  vulpanser  J    X  Casarca    caua  2,  &fa(.  P.  Z.  S.  18.')9, 
p.  412.  pi.  driii*;  id.   Ibii,  1859.  p.  474;  id.  Lint  Vert.  *in.  8tb 
ed.  p.  4^8(1883). 
Anas  tadoma  x  Anna  boschas,  Miin'er,  J.f.  0. 1863,  p.  303. 
Advit  male.  Head  and  Upper  part  of  the  neck  dark  glossy  green  : 
rouad  the  lower  neck  a  broad  white  coUar ;  a  band  of  rich  uhestuiit 
coTen  tho  upper  part  of  the  back,  the  apace  before  the  bend  of  the 
wiiig,  and  Uie  upper  part  of  the  breast ;  remainder  of  the  back,  rump, 
■ad  upper  tail-coverta  whit«.  acapularB  black,  except  the  inner  ones, 
which  are  white ;  a  band  along  the  middle  of  the  breast  aad  belly 
dark  brown ;  sides  and  dauks  ^^'hite ;  under  tail-coverts  rufous ; 
wing-coverts  white ;  primaries  very  dark  brown ;  speculum  on  the 
Mconduies  green  ;  long  iuiicr  secondaries  with  rich  olieetnut  outer 
wtbs ;  inil-feulhers  white,  tipped  with  black :  bill  and  knob  at  the 
base  bright  red  ;  iridcs  brown ;  legs,  toes,  and  tlieir  membrariet 
Stab-pink.     Total  length  24-26  inches,  wing  13,  tail  o-2,  culmcii 
^4,  taraui  2. 


174  auatidj:.  ' 

Female.  Rather  smaller  than  the  male ;  less  bright  in  colours, 
and  has  no  knob  at  the  base  of  the  bill. 

Toung  birds  "  of  the  year  in  August  have  the  beak  flesh-colour, 
the  head  and  neck  brown,  chin  and  &ODt  of  the  neck  white ;  inter- 
scapulars brown;  wing-coverta  white;  inner  eecondariee  white, 
edged  with  chestnut ;  primaries  black  ;  speculum  becoming  green ; 
all  the  under  surface  white ;  legs  flesh-colour"  (TarreU). 

Netiliiiffs  in  down  are  dark  brown  above  and  white  below  ;  the 
white  on  the  underpnrts  extending  to  the  forehead,  sides  of  the 
head  and  neck,  wings,  ecapulary  region,  and  sides  of  the  rump 
{Seehohm). 

.  Hab.  British  Islands,  across  Europe  and  South  Siberia  to  Japan, 
during  the  breeding-season ;  Southern  Europe,  Northern  Africa, 
Western  Asia,  Northern  India,  Southern  China,  Tonnosa,  and 
Japan  in  winter. 


a.  Ad.  sk. 

b.  Ad.  sk. 
e.  Pull.  sk. 

d.  PuU.  sk. 

e.  Ad.  St, 
/.  d  ad.  8k. 

ff,h.6  9-  ju'-  8k. 

i,  k.  Pull.  St. 
I.  Poll.  sk. 
tn,  n.  cf  $  ad.  sk. 
o.  £  imm.  di. 


No  locality. 
No  locality . 
No  locality. 
No  loi-ftltty. 
Gt.  Brilain. 
North  Uist,  Hebrides, 

July  (H.  J.  E.). 
St  Andrew's,  N.  Scotr 

land,  Dec. 
Kirkwall. 

Knox  I.,  Fame  Is.,  June. 
Norfolk,  Jan. 
Aldebargb,  Sufiblk, 

July. 

Brighton,  Feb.  {E.  K 

&fbohm). 
llaUiiig  1. 


Mrs.  Wakeltng  [P.]. 

W.  T.  RIanford,  Esq.  [P.]. 

Sal vin-G adman  Coll. 

Gould  ColL 

Gould  Coll. 

H.  J.  Elwes,  Esq.  [P.]. 

J.  A.  W.  Cook,  Esq.  [P.]. 

Purchased. 
Salviu-Oodman  Coll. 
J.  H.  Guniey,  Esq.  [P.]. 
Colonel  Irby  [P.]. 


J.  W.  Tvudale,  Esq.  [V.]. 


Shfingliai,      Chum 

(Mickie). 
Xmoy.     Chinn      (A. 

AVi'nAor), 
Yolcohama,  Japan  {J. 

NafTtuaki,  Japan,  Jan., 


TwMddB]e  Coll. 
F.  Webb,  Esq.  [P.], 


F,  Ringer,  Esq.  [P.]. 


I  IT.  SkeleloD. 
iT-/".  Sterna. 


■2.  Tadoma  la^jalL 

Sarcelle  im  Malius,  Garn.   Vmj.  Cuq.,  ZooL  Aflai,  pi.  49  (l!S20). 

Anas  ndjah.  Gam.  Fo^-  Coq.,  Zuol  i,  3,  n.  30^  (1828)  ;  Lft».  Man. 
d^Om.  ii.  p.  417  (ifeSS)  (Bouru) ;  id.  Tr.  ^Om.  p.  634  (1831) ; 
id.  Compl.  de  Suf.  Oil  ix.  p.  fiSO  (1837) ;  id.  <m.  Ht.  2iid  ©d. 
p.  719  (183«) :  MiiU.  Verh.  land-  ai  VoOanik.  p,  Iffll  {183a-44) ; 
Waa.  Atiiu  4-  Mag.  N.  H.  (2)  xx.  p.  478  (Am)  118.57) ;  Fiiueh, 
NtiUrOuin.  p.  1S3  (186r>);  SdtUg.  Mm.  P.-B.,  hnmiea,  p.  69 
(1860) :  Oifh.  Thfi.  On.  i.  y.  300  (1872) ;  SoKnb.  JCnit.  naar 
Getiv%nkb.  pp.  9  (Tenwie),  HI  t'^^)>  118  (1^75)  ;  u2.  ilfa^ay. 
M«A^.pp.  324(CBmm).  407,*""  '"'""  —  "  ■'  ■"  "  '  ' 
Mu».  rill.  p.  68  (1888). 


I  (1878-79);  Biittik.  Ku.  Ltyd. 


Tsdonm  radjiib,  Evt.  Mm.  Anal.  u.  106  (1838) :  Gould,  B.  Amtr. 
"     •    "  ■         ■   .,  lB44)i  G.n.G,     "■  "    ■■  -    "      


».pl.8(pt.i     , 

8«)i  id.  Gm.  B.  iii.  p.  613.  i 
435-30(1846); 


^1  SI" 

K        (If 

L 


1>  (1846):  Jlchnb.  %i.  As., 
liii.  ff.306,  435-3)1  (1845) ;  MaafilL  Narr.  Toy.  Sattkm. 
ii.  p.  3S8  (1SJS2) ;  Lirht.  Nomencl.  Av.  p.  101  (1804) ;  G.  S.  Gr. 
P.  Z.  e.  JM8.  p.  198;  id.  Cat.  B.  A'«c  Giin.  p.  63  (1869) ;  id. 
P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p,  365  (IkU'bian,  Oilolo).  1861,  p.  438;  H'ali. 
P.Z.&1863,  p.  30  (Bourn,  Moluccas,  New  niiinea);  Uotenh.  N. 
T.  N.  I.  xsv.  p.  256,  n.  ^^  (1863) ;  id.  J.f.  O.  1S64,  p.  138, 
n.  802;  Selat.  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  pp.  180,  190;  Goald,  Handb.  B. 
A*utr.  ii.  p.  .360  (18U5) ;  Roa^.  Srit  naar  Zmdinttfreit.  p.  64 
(Am)  (1867);  Ei/t.  Syn.  Anaf.  p.  56  (1860);  Saau.  Pr.  Litm. 
Soe.  y.  8.  W.  i.  pp.  194,  217,  386, 395  (Port  Moresby)  (1876),  iL 
p.  SOO,  n.  (1C2  (1877) ;  .tfart.  ibid.  p.  276  (1877) ;  Sana.  P.  Z.  & 
1877,  p.  346 ;  SAarpe,  Joam.  lArm.  S»c.  xiii.  pp.  321,  506  (1877) ; 
Salvad.  Ann.  Mut.  Civ.  Gm.  x.  p.  166  (l»f7) :  Lfnx,  J.J.  O. 
1877,  p.  381  (Cenwn) ;  Diggl.  B.  Atutr.  ii.  pi.  Ill  (1877) ;  Sam. 
Pr.  Lvm.  Sbc.  2f.  S.  W.  iii.  p.  300  (1878),  iv.  p.  102,  n.  209  (1879) ; 
SoMnh.  Malay.  Arckip.  i>p.  373  (Am),  306  (Salnwattv)  (ie7t^79) ; 
iStoye,  Jtum.  Lim.  Soc  liv.  p.  688  (1870) ;  Selat.'P.  Z.  S.  1880, 
pp.  611,  5.16 :  D'Alh.  iVutw.  Ovin.  pp,  34,  50, 682  (I860)  ;  Salvad. 
Ann.  Mua.  Civ.  Om.  xviii.  p.  401,  n.  4  (1882) :  id.  Orn.  Pap.  t 
Mot.  iii.  p.  891  (1882) ;  Salv.  Cat.  B.  Strickl.  Qtlt.  p,  fi32  {188d)  .- 
Selat.  P.  Z.  8.  1883,  pp.  52, 196.  200  (Larat,  Timorlnut) ;  .KnxJl, 
.  d.  SOdiUT,  p.  29  (1884)  i  Meya;  SitsA.  u.  Ahh.  GeieUich.  I»it, 
\.  /Mi.  L  p.  67  i  Forhf,,  P.  Z.  S.  1884,  p.  434 ;  Meyirr,  Zeiliehr. 
On.  i.  p.  206  ( 1884) ;  Plakt,  Butt.  Ac.  Ptter-sh.  xxix.  p,  638 
4) :  Gu'iltm.  P.  Z.  8. 1IW>,  p.  1165  (Watriou,  Johi) ;  Xorth, Pr. 
Linn.  Sne.  y.  S.  W.  (2)  ii.  p.  448  (1887) :  Ramn.  Tah.  Lint,  p.  23, 
a.  668  (iSSi) ;  Trittr.  Ctit.  Coll.  3.  p.  50  {lrt8»)  ;  id  Ibi.,  1889, 
^Sriii{la».VaT^»toii):Satvad.Antt.Miu.Cic.Oen.  (2)  x.  p. 828 
(1891)  I  id.  Agg.  Om.  Pap.  e  Mot.  p,  210  (1801) ;  Rarttrt,  KaU 


Vogtitamml.  p.  228  (1891) ;  Meyer,  J.f.  0.  1892,  p.  265;  North, 

Cat.  NaU  ^  Eggi  Aiulr.  B.  p.  338  (1889). 
RBdjob   eytoni,  &Jinb.  Av.   Syit.  Nat.  p.  x  (1852) ;   Bp.   Comnl. 

Bend,  sliii.  p.  649,  u.  61  (1856). 
Anas  leucomelaB,  0am.,  ^fide  Bp.  CompL  Said,  xliit.  p.  649,  in  sju. 

Badjfih  eytoni  (1856) ;  O.  A.  Gr.  P.  Z.  S.  1800,  p.  385,  in  ijn. 

Tadonue  ladjali. 
Rsdjah  radjfth,  G. . 

Sund.  Meth.Ttat ^ . / 

Vulpanser  radjah,  Bchnu).  Dm.  Cmtra&l  1882,  j 

GeonFeochen  radjah,  Heine,  NomencL  Mat.  Htin.  Om.  p.  343  (1890). 

Adult  male.  Bead,  neck,  breast,  and  abdomen  wliite ;  back, 
scapulars,  rump,  and  upper  tail-coverta  black  ;  the  mantle  vormi- 
oulatcd  with  narrow  cheBtnnt  lines  ;  a  cheatnut  pectoral  band,  with 
narrow  black  lines ;  under  tail-coverts  and  lower  flanks  brown- 
black,  vermiculatod  with  narrow  white  linos ;  upper  wing-coverts 
white,  with  a  black  band  near  the  tip  of  the  greater  ones ;  hastard- 
wing,  primary-coverts,  and  primaries  black ;  a  glossy  green  specnlum 
on  the  secondaries,  edged  with  blaok  posteriorly;  tips  of  the 
secondaries  broadly  white  ;  inner  secondaries  or  tertiids  brown- 
black,  rich  chestnut  on  the  outer  web;  enter  under  wing-coverts 
black,  the  inner  ones  white  ;  tail  black:  "  eyelids  yellow  ;  iris  milk- 
white  ;  bill  and  feet  white ;  claws  dusky  white ;  nostrils  blackish '' 
{WaUaee).  Total  lesgtii  about  \Q  inches,  wing  11,  tail  b,  culmen 
1-76,  tarsus  2-12. 

FemdU.  Similar  to  the  male. 

Young  birds  have  the  upper  part  of  the  head  and  the  nape  dark 
reddish,  the  upper  wing-coverts  edged  with  blackiah,  the  black  band 
near  the  tips  of  the  greater  wing-coverts  broader,  and  the  green 
Bpecolam  duller. 

Australian   specimens   arti   larger,  and  have  the  hack  much  n 


t,  t.  Ad.  rt.  Port  Esfflnrton.  Cftpt.  W.  Cbambera  [P.]. 

w,  If.  Ad.  flk.  Que^Dsiuid.  Hume  Coll. 

V.  d  ftd.  sk.  Moretoa  Ba.v.  E.  Ilargjtt,  Esq.  [P.], 

26.  CASABCA.  ^^ 

CMnrcs,  fiji.  CSxn;..  iiit,  p.  66  (1838) C.  tutiu. 

Netulopei,  ifrtn«,  A'omene/.  Jlfw.  Sem.  On.  p.  343  (1690) 

(  =  Caiiarci>,  Bp.). 

Rang*.  Cou&uod  to  the  Old  World  and  AustraUaii  Region. 
Key  Ui  tht  Sptdea. 

a,  Uodei  tail-coTertfi  futvoiu  orcbestnut. 

a'.  Fodertail-eoveKsfulTous;  back  and  scapu- 
lars unifarut  rufous;  breast  and  Hbdoiuen 
uniform  dniiBmoQ  or  rufous. 
a".  Head  buff,  deepening'  into  cinnamon  on 
the    neck;    mslH   with   a   block   collar, 

female  without     rutila,  p.  177. 

b".  ilcad  and  neck  aah-eoloured,  the  anterior 

part  of  the  head  white  in  the  fumale ....  caaa,  p.  1^. 
b'.  Under  toil-cov^rls  cbeitniit  ;  back  and 
ccapulars  block,  waved  with  grey  lines  ; 
male  with  th<^  head  and  neck  ^loasj  hlack  ; 
female  nith  the  head  and  upper  part  of 
tbe  ueck  pure  trUite     variegata,  p.  163. 

b.  Under  tail-corerti  hlack  ;   brenat  rufous :  mnle 

with  the  head  and  upper  part  of  the  neck 
black,  witli  a  green  ^loM ;  female  with  the 
head  brown,  and  a  white  baud  of  feathers 
round  the  base  of  the  bill tadomoidti,  p,  166. 

1.  Casarca  mtila. 
Buddy  Sheldrake. 

Ansa  auranlia,  Martill.  Danub.  \.  tab.  54  (1744). 
Anas  persicft,  FrUch.  Av.  t.  167  ( $ )  (1763). 
Adu  ferruginea.  Cat.  f'meo.  AdmiJir.  p.  358. 
Anas  CBsarca,  Zim.  S.  N.  iii.  App.  p.  224  ( 176S) ;  8.  G.  Om.  Rtiie, 

ii.  p.  182,  t.  16  (1774) ;  Gm.  8.  N.  i.  2,  p.  611,  n.  46  (1788) ; 

£0(A.  ind.  Om.  li.  p.  S41,  d.  24  (1790)  ;  £mn.  Em.  Milh.  i. 

fl36,  pi.  31.  f.  2  (1780)  i  Savigny,  Dem.  de  FEgypt,  OU.  pi.  10. 
1  (1809);  Beelut.  Om.  Taichmb.  iii.  p.  589  (1812);  Temm. 
Man.  d-Om.  p.  635  (1816);  iw.  Tr.  d'Om.  p.  633  (1831); 
Tenm.  4-  SeMra.  Fam.  Jap.,Avn,  p.  128  (1850) ;  Tobiat,  J.f.  0. 
1863,  p.  217  (Oberlanaitz) ;  PduUr,  J.f.  0. 1854,  p.  380  (Tauris) ; 
MiilL  J.  f.  O.  1856,  p.  232  (Camargue) ;  finiro,  J.f.  O.  1867, 
p.  133  (Akeria) ;  /&ucA,  J.  f.  O.  1859,  p.  386  (Bulgaria) ; 
LMfrm.  I'off.  OtiecheiU.  p.  159  (1860) ;  Baddf,  Seilr.  u.  Kermt. 
Aim.  Btickfi,  »xiiii.  p.  SfS  (1861) ;  Sriiprr,  J.f.  O.  1862,  p.  317 
(Uneueo) ;  Wright,  Ibu,  1864,  p.  156  (HaitA) ;  Schleg.  Mtu.  P.-S., 
Ahmtm,  p.  66  (1866);  Wright,  Ibin,  1870,  p.  492  (Malta); 
HamfV.  J.  f.O.  1870,  p.  431 ;  Gieh.  Tket.  Om.  i.  p.  347  (1872) ; 
Sarll  OrietA.  Jahrev.  iii.  p,  289  (1875). 
Anu  ruula,  PaU.  A'ov.  Otmtn.  Betrop.  xir.  1,  p.  579,  Ub.  22.  f.  1 

TOL.  XXVU.  B 


(1770)  ;    id.   Zoogr.  Bouo-At.  u.  p.  242  (1811) ;    Tentm.  Man. 

Snd   ed.  ii.  p.  63S  (1820) ;   Licht.    Verz.  Doubt,  p.   84   (1828)  ; 

Wemer,  Atiat,  Palmg>idei,  pi.  SO  (1827) ;   San',  Om.  Tote.  iii. 

p.  168  (1831) :  Mtnitr.  Cat.  SaU.  p.  fi7,  a.  196  (Bftkou  r  1832) ; 

TeiTim.Jiran.iT.p.  531  (1840);  Nordm.  in  Dimid.  Toy.  iii.  p.  286 

(1840) ;  Naxim.  V6g.  DeuttcM.  si.  p.  564,  Taf.  299  (1842) ;   Yarr. 

Brit.  B.  iii.  p.   137  (1843);   Schleg.  Bev.   Oit.  p.  civi   (1844); 

Xjarrb.   Om.   Dan.   pi.  48  (1864)  ;    Statd.  8b.  Fogt.  pi.  88.  f.  1 

(1856)  ;    Coita,  Fauna  Rrgno  di  Nap.,  Uec.  pt.  2,  p.  28,  t  viii. 

(1867) ;  Severts.  Turkett.  Jevotn.  p.  70  (1873) ;  PoteUn,  J.  f.  O. 

1876,  p.  66. 
Germano  foreatiero,  Qer.  Star,  degli  Ucc.  v.  tav.  571  (1776). 
CoUared  Duck,  Oentlem.  Mag.  xlii.  t.  p.  161  (        )  (fide  Latham). 
Ruddj  Goose,  Lath.  Sgn.  iiL  2,  p.  456,  n.  18  (1786)  -,  ul.  Suppl.  i. 

p.  273  (1787). 
Anas  coMTca,  Dum.  Diet.  Sc.  Nat,  vi.  p.  377  (1817). 
Anser  casarca,  VieiU.  N.  D.  ijiii.  p.  341  <1818) ;  Dum.  Diet.  Se. 

Nat.  iii-y.-p.  4S2  [1825). 
Tadoraa  rutila,  Boie,  leit,  1822,  p.  364 ;  Stepk.  Oen.  Zool.  xii.  2, 

p.  71   (1824);   Brehm,  Handb.  Natvrg.   Vog.  Deulichl.  p.  859 

(1831) ;  Sgket,  P.  Z.  S.  1832,  p.  167,  n.  215  (Dukhun,  Quzerat)  ; 

Sfriekl.  P.  Z.  S.  1838,  p.  102  (Smyrna) ;  Gould,  B.  Eur.  pi.  358 

SW7)  ;  Frater,  P.  Z.  S.  1839,  p.  122  (Erzerottm)  ;  Jerd. 
adr.  Joum.  sii.  p.  220,  n.  286  (1840) ;  Blyth,  P.  Z.  S.  1842, 
p.  94 ;  Ti^fl.  Ibit,  1869,  p.  54 ;  Powys,  Ibit,  1860,  p.  364  (Ionian 
la.) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1884,  p.  190,  1866,  p.  150 ;  Taylor,  iiw, 
1867,  p.  71  (E^JVt) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1869,  p.  629  (breeding) ; 
Etw.  ^  Buckl.  Ibii,  1870,  p.  339  (DobrudBcha)  ;  Shell.  Ihii,  1871, 
p.  316  ;  Sound.  Ibit,  1871,  p.  396  (S.  Spain,  breeding) ;  Garrod, 
P.  Z.  S.  1873,  p.  467  (carotide),  p.  639  (musclefl) ;  Irbi/,  Om.  Sir. 
Gibr.  p.  197  (1W6) ;  -Don/.  4"  B.  Brown,  Ibit,  1876,  p,  426  (Transvl- 
Tania) ;  Dreu.  Ibit,  1876,  p.  410  ;  Forbet,  P.  Z.  8.  1877,  pp.  307, 
812  (bursa  Fabridi) ;  Dumf.  Ibit,  1878.  p.  36  (Asia  Minor) ; 
Schmidt,  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  317;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  fill; 
Scfbh.  Hist.  Brit.  B.  iii.  p.  524,  pi.  66  (egg)  (1885)  ;  Trintr. 


26.   CASABCt, 


179 


(1863)  i  Sartm.  J./.  0. 1863,  pp.  234,  236 ;  Trittr.  P.  Z.  S.  1864, 
p,  463  (PiUestine) ;  Anlin.  Oat.  Deter.  Uec.  p.  113  (1864)  (Egypt, 
Asia  Minor) ;  Jerd.  B.  of  lad.  Ui.  p.  791  (1864) :  Adami,  liu, 
18tM,  p.  34 !  Id,  J.  f.  O.  1864.  p.  46? ;  D«  FU.  Viagg.  in  Pertki, 
p,  31:i  (186.)) ;  L«fAe,  Ejpl.  Sc.  Atgir.  ii.  p.  366  (1S67)  ;  PeU. 
Jbu,  1868,  p.  321  (l'ugiK,Tliibet);  id.J.f.  O.  1S68,  p.  37  (Pug») ; 
7H«(r.  nil.  1868,  p.  328  (PalBStine) ;  Btavan,  Tiii,  1868,  p.  401 
(India) ;  Dgb.  4"  Parrtx.  J.  f.  O.  1868,  p.  339  (Dauria) ;  Gould, 
B.  Gr.  Brit,  T-  pL  13  (1869);  Eyt.  Syn.  Anat.  p.  66  (1869); 
Haigl.  Pctrrm.  Geogr.  Mitlh.  1869,  p.  408;  Tacz.  J.f.  0.  1870, 
p.  M  (Constwitine) ;  Fritsch,  Viig.  Eur.  pL  47.  f.  9  (1870) ;  O.  &. 
Gr.  Band-lilt,  iu.  p.  80,  n.  10621  (1871);  Smnh.  P.  Z.  S.  1871, 
p.  418  (China) ;  FritKA,  /./.  O,  1872,  p.  369  (Bohemia)  ;  Sand. 
Met  nat.  An.  dUp.  Tent.  p.  146  (IS72) ;  Salaad.  Faun.  Ital., 
t'lv.  p.2.'i6(l8"2);  Sayl.  On.  N.0.-Ajr.ii.2,v.  1306  (1873); 
Jlasu,  Str.  Ftali.  i.  p,  260  (1873) ;  Adam,  ibid.  v.  401  (1873) ; 
Burnt  ^  Aitdir*.  Lahore  to  York.  p.  296  (1873)  j  Hume,  NesU  ^ 
Sgg*,f.tH\  (1873);  Taa.  ^  Di/b.  J.  f.  0.1873,  p.  108  (Daurk) ; 
Ball,  Str.  Fealh.  ii.  p.  437  (1874) ;  Hume,  op.  eit.  Hi.  p.  193 
(Upper  Pwi)  (1875) ;  Bk/th,  B.  Burm.  v.  165  (Amkan,  Bhaino) 
(1876);  BulL  Str.  Feati.  it.  p.  28  (1S76) ;  Seullif,  ibH.  p.  198 
(B.  TuTkaitaD)  (1S76);  Fairb.  ibid.  p.  264  (Khandala) ;  Blatif. 
Eaa.  Peri.  ii.  p.  303  (1876) ;  Schal.  J.f.  O.  1876,  p.  189  (Persia) ; 
Taa.  BuU.  &,c.  Zool.  Fr.  ii.  p.  44  (1877)  ;  Butt.  Str.  FeatA.  v. 
n.  234  (1877) ;  David  ^  Oust.  Oit.  CHuw,  p.  497  (1877) ;  Shk.  ^ 
Fryer,  Ibit,  1878.  p.  213;  Schal.  Om.  CentroM.  1678,  pp.  12-1* 
76 ;  Brehm.  J.  f.  O.  1878,  p.  363 ;  Prjeti.  Bowl.  Om.  Mim.  iii. 
p.  100  (M<aigoliaJ  (1878) ;  Siane  S[  Davis.  Str.  FaUh.  vi.  p.  489 
(Tanatserim,  Kolan  Island,  Mera^ii  Archip.)  (1878) ;  Hume,  Str. 
Feath.  Tiii.  p,  116,  n.  654  (1379) ;  Seully,  ibid.  p.  362  (Nepal) ; 
Fiimk,  Verh.  z.-b.  Get.  Wiai,  1879,  p.  261  [W.  Siberia) ;    Hume 

?■  UoTMh.  Oaaie  B.  of  Ind.  iii.  p.  123.  pi.  17  (1880) :  Bidd.  Ibis, 
881,  p.  99  (Oilgit) :  OigL  ibid.  p.  2U  (Italy) ;  Schal.  J.  f.  O. 
I8S),  p.  SAO  ;  C.  Sicinh.  lOi,  1882,  p.  124  ^ndabar) ;  Oater, 
8tr.  F.  X.  p.  24Ji  (Vega)  (1882);  Bc/imn.  J.f.  0.  1883,  p.  122 
(HamhuTg)  ;  Salead.  £1.  Vce.  Ital.  p.  267  (1886) ;  Scully,  J.  A. 
S.  B.  M.  p.  89  (1877) ;  Saltiad.  Ann.  Mui.  Civ.  Gen.  (2)  n.  p.  644 
(Shoa)  (1888) ;  Koen^,  J.f.  O.  1888,  p.  286  (Tunis) ;  Sharpt,  Tr. 
tiun.  Soc.  (2)  Zoel.\.  p.  191  (1889)  ;  Suet,  Le  Na/ur.  xii,  pp.  107, 
108  (1890) :  De  la  ToacAf.  IbU,  1892,  p.  491  (Chin«). 

Votpawi  rutilft,  E.  ^  B.  Wirbelth.  Eur.  pp.  Ixixiv,  225  (1844) ; 
p.  d.  MuhU,  Beitr.  Om.  GritchetO.  p.  123  (1844);  Behnw.  Om. 
OntntA/.  18S2.  p.  36  (1882) ;  id.  Viig.  tool.  OUrt.  p.  62  (1882). 

TMlorna  CMWOk,  Ma<yill.  Man.  Brit.  Om.  ii.  p.  103(1843);  Drake, 
JWi,  1807,  p.  430  (Morocco) ;  Dtyl.  *  Gerbe,  Om.  Eur.  3Dd  ed. 
ii.  p.  601  (1807);  DoderL  Avif.  SicH.  p.  267  (1869);  Dreu.  B. 
E»r.  y\,  p,  461, jiL  421  (1876);  Andivt.  Ym«.  B^xd.  p.  699 
(1879) :  ttggf,  B.  Oyl.V.  1070  (note,  Cevlon  F)  (1881) ;  SetbA. 
nil,  1882.  p.  228  (AsUakban) ;  Satv.  Cat.  B.  Striekl  Colt.  p.  532 
(Iffiaj ;  S.  O.  U.  Lilt  Bril.  B.  p.  122  (1883) ;  Set.  Litt  Vert.  An. 
8th  ed.  p.  428  (1B83)  j  Oalei,  B.  Brit.  Burm.  ii.  p.  277  (1883) ; 
»(£A.  Ibii,  1BS4,  p.  370  (Kiukion^) ;  Sound.  Tarrelti  SiH.  Br.  B. 
JT.p.  347  (18ft4-86) ;  SwimA.  *  Barrtet,  Ibi*,  1885,  p.  137  ;  LiVord, 
Ihu,  1889.  p.  345  (Cyprus)  ;  Hume,  yeOs  ^  Eggs  (Ontti  ed.),  iii. 
p.  286  (1890);  Rehmv.  J.f.  O.  1890,  p.  83;  Eaani.  Ibis,  1891, 
p.  72  (brecdinK) ;  Dreu.  ibid.  a.  369  (Erteroum) ;  Collell,  Forh. 
%Ul  CAr.  1890  (1891),  no.  4,  pp.  17-19  (Norway) ;  SAwve,  Sec. 


I 


Tark.  Miu.,Avet,  p.  128  fl881)  ;  Lilfbrd,  Col  Ftp.  Br.  B.  pt.  ix. 
(1891)  i  Hartert,  Eat.  VogeUamtni.  p.  228  [I891J  ;  Offilvie,  Zool. 
1892,  pp.  392-398  (Brit  Id.) ;  UtiArr,  t.  e.  pp.  334, 336  (IreUnd) ; 
FtmA.  r»rh.  Oe».  Erdk.  Berl.  u.  p.     (OrMolud)  (1893). 
Adm  (Cawrcci)  rutila,  Brekm,  J.f.  O.  1864,  p.  84  {Sudim). 
Anas  (Vulpanser)  nitils,  Stulde,  Seu.  8.  O.-Sibr.  ii.  p.  S61,  Tof. 

jdT.  f.  1  (puUua)  (1863). 
VnlpuiaeT  nitilus,  Badde,  Omit  Caueat.  p,  361  (1884). 
Cainna  rutilft,  Toes.  P.  Z.  8.  18B7,  p.  611  (Cores);  1888,  p. 

(Cor»). 
Nett&lopez  Tutila,  Hant  u.  Behnto.  Nomend.  Mtu.  Hem.  Om.  p. 
{1890). 

Hybridi. 
Oasanm  rntiU  tf  XC.  cona  $,  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1869,  p.  442;  a. 

Ibit,  1869,  p.  474. 
TBdom&TutJlaxChen&lopeK  ngjptisca,  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1886,  p.  2. 
Tadornft  casarcaXQuetouedula  ialcataP,  &&(.  P.  Z.  S.  1890,  p.  1, 

pi.  1  (Vladivostok,  N.B.  Asia). 
TadomamtilaXT.  (Bg7ptiw»,XewA.  J./  0.  1890,  p.  221. 
Adxdt  male.  Head,  cheeka,  and  chin  bnff-colour,  darkening  to  an 
orange-brown  at  the  lower  part  of  the  nock,  which  is  snrrounded 
by  a  black  ring;  back,  acBpolarB,  breast,  and  all  the  underparta 
orange-brown  or  foiy-red ;  rump  fulvous,  Termioulated  with  black  ; 
upper  tail-coverts,  tail,  and  qoilk  black  ;  wing-coverts  white ; 
■econdaries  glossed  with  green  and  purple  on  the  outer  web,  fonning 
a  speculuu) ;  tertials  yellowish,  tinged  with  foxy-red  od  (be  out«r 
web,  and  on  the  inner  with  grey :  bill,  legs,  and  feet  blackish  ;  ins 
brown-hazel.  Total  length  about  24  inches,  wing  14-6,  tail  5-5, 
oolmen  1*75 ;  tarsne  2*25. 

J^maU.  Similar  to  the  male,  but  the  head  is  whiter,  the  black 
oollai  round  the  neck  is  wanting,  and  the  coloration  lighter. 

According  to  Hume  and  others.  Iho  adult  males  also  arc  without 


^^ 

26.  CIBABCA. 

in   ^H 

^m          g.  Imm.  sk. 

Aden. 

C.  Chevalier,  Esq.  [P.l  ^H 
India  Museum  [P.t               ^H 

^m           h.  Ad.  ak. 

Babylon  (Jonu). 

^H           1.  A.  (f  Bd.  ak. 

Bagdad. 

Kenneth  Loftus,  £aq.  ^^H 
W:  D.  Camming,  Esq.        ^H 

^1           /.  ,;  ad  ek. 

Bushire,      Pereian       Qalf, 

Mareh. 

^H 

^H           m,  n.  (f  $  ad.  ak. 

Kandahar,  March. 

Colonel  Swiohoe  [P.].          ^H 

H           ».  Sjuv.ak. 

Ynrkand.June  {J.  Senlly). 

HumeCoU.                          ^H 

H          f>.  d  ad.  ^. 

Turkeatan,      May      {Graf 

Wamaiy). 
SaiacMts. 

Dr.  0.  Fio^h  [P,].               ^H 

^1            0,  r.   g  ad.  at  bA. 

St  0.  LitUedale,  Esq.        ^B 

■                ak. 

^H          4.  f.  <;  Kd.  ak. 

Lob-nor{/V;>wii«A:y). 

Seobdhm  CuU.                      ^H 

^H            a.  $  ad.  ak. 

Chuan-che  aupr.  iPn'nat- 
India. 

Seebohm  ColL                         ^H 

^H           r.  -Vd.  St. 

Major-Uen.  Hardwicke        ^H 

^H 

^M           «.  <1  ad.  sk. 

India. 

PuTcl?^,                                         ^H 

^H           J-.  y.  Ad.  at. 

N.  India. 

Col,  Cobb  [0,].               ^H 

^M           t-e.   (f»Letjuv. 

Ud»k(«racAfy). 

India  Museum  [p.].               ^H 

^1            <;'.  Ad.  sk. 

Sdkkur,  Sindli. 

India  Museum  [P. J.               ^H 

^1             f '.  S  <ld.  Rk. 

Jhedura.  Nov. 

Hume  Col!.                             ^^M 

H           /.  2  ad.  8k. 

(!^heiifib  below  .Mooltan.Dec. 

Hume  CotL                          ^H 

■          y.  Ad.ak. 
H           \-n\   ^  $  «L  et 

.Murdan.  March. 

Hume  ColL                             ^H 

CJurKaon,  Dalhi,  Jan.,  Feb. 

Hume  ColL                         ^H 

^H               cT  imm.  ak. 

( IV.  y.  CAM). 

^H            '>',jf>i-   (f  ad.et 

Etawali. 

Hume  CoU.                           ^^M 

■              jgv.^k. 

H           r-V.<f$ad.ak. 

AUohabad,    Feb.,    March, 
Nov.  (A.  0.  a.}. 

Hume  Coll.                         ^H 

^1          »",  o",  4".  Ad.  ak. 

Oudh. 

Capt.  Staokhouse  Hn-        ^^| 

^H          /'.  i  ad.  sk. 

Oudh,  Jan. 

Hume  CoQ.                          ^H 

H            /".   <;ad.ak. 

Uoao,3»n.  [0.  Reid). 

Hume  ColL                             ^H 

■           ;".   J.d.sk. 

Hume  Coll                              ^H 

■           k:  f.    Ad.    et 
^M                imm.  sk. 

^H           A",  /".  .U.  sk.  et 

Nepal. 

Tweeddale  CoU.                     ^H 

fTepaL 

fi,   li.  Hodgson,   Esq.        ^^| 

^^1                imm.  St. 

^H 

^H            m".  Ad.  sk. 
^H           n".  Ad.  ak. 

Nepal  (Hodgmm). 

India  Mu^um  [P.].  ^H 
B,    El.  Hod^D,  W        ^H 

Hume  CoU.                           ^^M 

^H          o".  $  ad,  sk. 

Interior  of  Nat.  Sikhim, 

H            ,; 

May  (£.  .Va«dtUi). 

^^^M 

Native     Sikhim,      May 

name  CoU.                           ^^H 

^1           f".  9  ad.  sk. 
^H           /'.  /.  Ad.  sk. 

Sikhim,  Oct.  (i.  M.). 

Hume  CoU.                            ^H 

Calcutta,  March, 

Hume  CoU.                             ^H 

^H           t".  $  ad.  -k. 

Rnipur,  Feb, 

Hume  CoU.                             ^H 

^H            w".  (f  >d.  sk. 

Deccan  (Syka). 

Boulay,  Upper  Peiru.Nov. 

Kiukiang,  China,  Nov. 

India  MueeumfP.].               ^H 

E.  W.  Dates,  Eb^.  \C.\         ^H 

F.  W.  Styau,  Esq.  [P.l.        ^H 

^M            p".  ^  nd.  sk. 

^M            W,  X".  Ad.  sk. 

^H          y".  Ad.  sk. 

Kiukianjf,     China,    Nov. 
(F.  W.  Sh/an). 

ijeebohm  CoU.                      ^H 

^1            S",  »'.    (f  ad.  et 
^H           ^.  d  *d.  sk. 

Hankow,  China. 

C.  Maries,  En.  [C.].            H 

Shsnghai,  China,  Jan.  (.4. 

Secbobm  Coll.                      ^H 

L 

MiAit). 

J 

182  AVATQA 

e*.  $  kd.  sk.  CotM.  C.  W.  CunpbeU,  £m. 

[PA 
d*.  Skeleton.  Zool  Soe. 

e*.  Skeleton.  Volga.  Brenat  Coll. 

/*.  Imperfect  tkeL  Nep&l.  B.  H.  Hodgson,  Eaq. 


HTSBise. 
Oaiarea  rutilaX  C.  c 


[P.]. 


2.  Casarca  cana. 
OreT-beaded  Dock,  Brown,  Itt.  pp.  102, 104,  pla.  41,  42  (Cape  of 

Good  Hope)  (1776) ;  Lath.  Sk/n.  Sapiil.  i.  p.  373  (^1787). 
Oie  StiUTage  k  tSte  ^ise  de  la  Cote  de  Coromandel  (f),  Sonm.  Voy.  aur 


Graj-beaded  Qoofie,  Lath.  Syn.  ill.  2,  p.  4fi8,  n.  19  (1786). 

Anai  cana,  Cm.  &  N.  i.  2,  p.  510,  n.  66  (1788)  j  Lath.  Ind.  Ont.  ii. 
p.  840, 11.22  (1790);ifi«.  TV.  (TOrti.  p.  6S3  (var.)  (1831) ;  Z*cW, 
ForHer'i  Doer.  An.  p.  44  (note)  (1844) ;  &JIfsr.  Afiu.  P.-A., 
AnaeTss,  p.  67  (1866) ;  (Tt'eA.  2^m.  Orn.  i.  p.  346  (syn.  emend.) 
(1872) ;  Banf.  Sf  HarvU-Brown,  Ibu,  1875,  p.  430. 

Anas  eegTptiaca  fi,  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  840  (part.)  (1790). 

Anaer  ferrngineus,  Bomu  Etie.  MHK  i.  p.  116,  pi.  30.  f.  2  (1790)  (« 
Brown). 

Anaer  canus,  Fi«iU.  N.  D.  xxiii.  p.  846  (1818). 

Beruicla  cana.  Steph.  Gtn.  Zool  zii.  2,  p.  61  (1824). 

Eauika  du  Cap  de  Bcnme  Espfrance,  Lafr.  Mag,  de  Zool.,Oit.  1834, 
in  the  text  of  pi.  36. 

Chenalopez  cana,  BuL  Mon.  Anat.  p.  104  (1838) ;  id.  &m.  Anat. 
p.  64  (1868). 

ADSflteontuia,  Font,  (nsc  Om.  P)  Icon.  intd.  69,  70;  id.  Deter.  An. 
(ed.  lAckt),  p.  44  (1844)  (Cape  of  Good  Hope). 

Casarca  nitila,  part.,  0.  B.  Or.  i«(  S.  Brit.  ilui.tVi.'p.  132(1844); 


Tsdornavulpansertf  xCwaM»e«iia$,Scii(.  F.  Z.  S.  1659,  p.  442, 


I.  414:  id.  Lilt  Vert.  An.  8lh  ed.  p.  438 


p.  326 


TDlpaiuer  rf  x  Tudonia  ( 


a  ?,  ^.  Newt.  Ibi>, 


Adult  male.  Head  and  neck  ash-coloured ;  a  dark  rufous  collar 
round  the  neck  ;  lower  part  of  the  nock  and  breast  fnlTOOB,  changing 
into  cinnamon-colour  on  tbo  upper  back,  eoapular!!,  aud  nnderparts ; 
the  lower  abdomen  almost  cbestnut ;  under  tail-coverts  bright 
fnlToos ;  bock  and  scapulars  Tonniculated  vith  black ;  lower  back 
blachish,  with  pale  vermicnlations ;  upper  tail-ooverts  and  tail 
black ;  tower  flanks  blackish,  with  fulvous  vermiculations ;  upper 
and  under  wing-coverts  white ;  primaries,  bastard-wing,  and 
primary- cove rta  black,  secondaries  glossy  green  on  the  outer  web, 
forming  a  speculum  ;  inner  secondaries  cinnamon  on  the  outer  web, 
dark  grey  on  the  inner  one ;  greater  under  wing-covert«  blackisfa ; 
beak  and  feet  black.  Total  length  about  22  inches,  wing  14,  tail 
5*5,  culmen  I'S,  torsns  2. 

Ffnale.  Similar  to  the  male,  from  which  it  difiers  in  having  the 
anterior  pnrt  of  the  head,  the  sides  of  the  head  above  the  ear-oDTcrts, 
and  the  throat  white  ;  size  somewhat  smaUer. 

Youit^  tnale.  Paler  and  duller  than  the  adult  bird ;  the  head 
and  upper  part  of  the  neck  dull  greyish  brown. 

Bab.  South  Africa,  as  far  north  as  Transvaal  and  Orange  Free 
State. 


s,  i.  $  ad.  et  juT.  South  Africa. 


«.  ,f  ad.ek. 


Transvaal  ( T.  Ayrei). 
Potachefatroom,   July 

{T.Ayre,). 
Kroonatad,      March 

[F.  Sj/mortdt). 


Sir  A.  Smith  [0.]. 

Shelley  CoU. 

J.  H.  Gumey,  Esq, 

[P-l 
J.  U.  Gumej,  Esq. 

[P.J  ^ 


niBRiDB, 

Tadoma  comuta  cf  X  Canarca  cana  2 , 

Zoological  Socie^. 
Catarca  cana  J  XC  rutila  J . 

Zoological  Society. 


3.  Casarca  rariegata. 

Varitsftted   Oooae,   Lath.  Syn.  iii.   2,  p.   441,   n.  6  (1785)  (New 

Zedand). 
Anas  Twiegata,  Gm.  S.  Jf.  i.  2,  p.  505,  n.  58  (1788) :  lath.  Ind.Om. 

i).  p.  Sae.  n.  10  (17C0I ;  Schlfff.  Mut.  P.-B.,  Anseres,  p.  66  (1806) ; 

GM.  Tht*.  Om.  i.  p.  364  (1872). 
haMft  variegatns,  Som.  Ene.  Milh.  i.  p.  113  (1700) ;  VieiU.  N.  D. 

nm.p.84S(iei8);  Dum.  i>ice.  SC.Vat.  xxxr.  p.  472(1825). 


Ansa  pcta,  FinU.  (wk  Ovi.)  N.  D.  t.  p.  132  (New  Zealand)  (1616) 
{exCooht). 

Bemiela  Tuieg«ta,  A«pA.  Gen.  Zool.  zii.  2,  p.  59  (1834). 

Caurka  castanea,  %e.  Mon.  ..liuit.  p.  108,  pi.  19  ( $ )  (1888) ;  til. 
■V-  ^n«(-  P-  69  (1869). 

Ansa  chenetos,  Fortt.  Icon.  trad.  t.  67 ;  id.  Deter.  An.  (ed,  ZwM.) 
p.  92  (1844)  i  LicAt.  ibid,  (note)  (=A.  lariegiita,  Om.). 

OdMLTca  rariegata,  O.ILGr.in  Dieff.  Trav.  ii.  App.  p.  198  (1643)  ; 
id.  Lift  B.  Brit.  Mv*.  iii.  p.  133  (f844) ;  id.  Om.  B.  lii.  p.  613,  n.  8 
(1846)  i  G.R.aT.  Zool.  Ereb.  ^  Terror,  Birds,  p.  15,  pi.  16  (<J) 
(1846) ;  Sehnb.  Sgn.  Av.,  NaUtores,  p.  94.  f.  ^361  (e2-  freft.  ^ 
Terror)  (1860);  Lieht.  Homencl.  Av.  p.  101  (1854);  'Eaatt, 
-Hmort,  p.  136  (1861) ;  id.  Jfiw,  1862,  p.lOl ;  G.  £.  ffr.  JW»,18e2, 
p.  240;  Lauard,  Ibit,  1863,  p.  245;  Sailer,  Esiay  Om.  N.  Zeal. 
p.  18  (16%) ;  Hector,  Nea  Zeal.  Eah.  p.  S77  (1866) ;  Finteh, 
J.f.  O.  1867,  p.  336,  1870,  p.  356;  FotU,  Tr.  ^  Pr.  N.  Z.  Intt. 
ii.  (1869)  p.  n  (1871) ;  Mitton,  Ibit,  1870,  p.  398  (Auckland) ; 
id.  Git.  B.  New  Zeal  p.  86  (1871) ;  O.  S.  Gr.  Tland-liit,  iii.  p.  80, 
n.  10623  (1871) ;  Travert,  Tr.  ^  Pr.  N.  Z.  Intt.  iv.  (1871)  pp.  206, 
207  (1872) ;  Finich,  J.  /.  O.  1872,  p.  184 ;  BotU,  Tr.  ^  Pr.  N.  Z. 
Itut.  V.  p.  190  (1878) ;  SuUer,  Hut.  B.  Sen  ZeaL  p.  241,  pL  26 
(d  2 )  (187S)  i  Harme  Brown,  Ibit,  1874,  p.  96  (egp) ;  jUicA, 
J.  /.  0.  1874,  p.  202;  Sharpe,  ZooL  Ereb.  $  Terr.,  Birds,  App. 
p.  31  (1876)  J  Suller,  Man.  B.  New  Zeal.  p.  67,  pi.  xxii.  (1882) ; 
Touch,  Ibit,  1682,  pp.  400,  401;  tZauard,  iMd.  p.  542  (New 


(1888) ;  Tri»tr.  Cat.  OoU.  B.  p.  60  (1880)  j  Smith,  Trant.  ^  Pr. 
N.  Z.  Intt.  ni.  1888,  p.  222  (188'"      "  "       •"  '    -      •'  " 

Intt.  zxT.  1892,  p.  63  (180: 


2  (1880)  i  Bailer,  Trmt.  *  Pr.  N.  Z. 


Casarca  caatonea,  Bp.  Compt.  Rend,  zliii.  p.  649,  n.  48  (1866). 

Anaer  vahegBta,  EUman,  Zool.  1861,  p.  7471. 

Tadonia  vftri^iata,  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  191,  pi.  lix,  1866, pp.78, 
\i<.\,  1809,  p.  023,  18(iO,  p.  512;  id.  Lul  IWt.  An.  6lt  ed.  p.  429 
(1883) ;  Rogeron,  BaU.  Soe.   Aedim.  1885,  pp.  161-173;    ."  '  " 


23.   CABABCA. 


185 


not,  more  or  leas  waved  and  freckled  with  blaok  and  white  lines ; 
remainder  as  in  the  mole.     Size  somewbat  leas. 

Tottng.  "  In  the  yeuag  etage  the  sexes  are  alike,  the  plumage 
resembling  more  nearly  that  of  the  adult  male.  Head  and  upper 
portion  of  neck  sooty  black,  varied  with  light  broirn ;  lower  portion 
of  neck  dark  brown,  with  narrow  transverse  lines  of  rufous  ;  the 
whole  of  the  under  surface  blackish  browu,  mottled  and  barred 
with  rufous,  each  feather  narrowly  margined  with  white  ;  ahoulden, 
back,  and  lower  aides  of  the  body  black,  with  vrhito  freckles  and 
vermiculations  ;  wings  as  in  the  adult ;  rump  and  toil  black ;  under 
tiul-oorerts  pale  ferruginous"  {BuSer), 

Young  mala  have  a  tinge  of  brown  about  the  head,  and  the 
feathers  of  the  shoulders  more  or  less  margined  with  dull  fulvous 
brown,  presenting  on  the  surface  wavy  lines  (BuUtr). 

Toting  female*  show  irregular  white  feathers  on  the  head  and 
neck,  which  rapidly  increase  in  number,  till  the  plumage  of  those 
parts  becomes  entirely  white  (Buller). 

Toung  in  doom.  Dpper  half  of  the  head,  a  band  along  the  nape, 
mantle,  and  anterior  part  of  the  wings,  a  band  along  the  back,  and 
two  patches  on  the  flanks  brown ;  lower  half  of  the  head,  lower 
parts,  posterior  half  of  the  wings  (except  at  the  tip),  and  a  band  on 
each  side  of  the  back  and  rump  white. 

ffi^.  New  Zealand  (it  has  straggled  to  Brisbane?). 


A,&cf$ad.  St        New  Zealand. 


c,  li  d  S  ad.  at 
r,/  ^  S  ad.  St. 
•,  A.  <;  $  ad.  tk. 
L  <f  ad.  sk. 


New  ZealftDd. 
New  Zealand. 
Otago.  July. 

[Brisbane.  July]  {CockereU 
if  TAorpe). 


New  Zealand  Coll. 

[P.]. 
P.  Earl.  Esq.  [CJ. 
Capt.  Stokes  [P.  J 
Hume  Coll. 
Salvin-Qodmnn  Coll 

Zool.  Soc. 


4.  Csiarca  tadomoides. 


la  tadoraoides,  Jnrd.  ijf  .SWfty,  III.  Oni.  ii.   pi.  Iiii.  (1828) ;  Lt^fr. 

Mag.  ZmI.,  Ois.  1834.  lext  to  pl.  23;  Le»».   Compt.  ile  Buff.,  Oim. 

U.  p.  &34  (1837)  ;  id.  op.  eit.  2nd  bA  p.  721  (1838) ;  SeUtg.  Mm. 

P.'B..  AnsereM,  p.  66  (1866) ;  Gieb.  The>.  On.  i.  p.  364  (1872). 
Anas  kasarkoidra,  Lafr.  Mag.  At  Zool.  18.^  text  to  pl.  3C. 
Caurka  todomoides,  Eyt.  Man.  Anat.  p.  107  (1838) ;  id.  &;«.  Anat. 

p.  68  (1869). 
Casarca  ladomoidea,  Oiuld,  B.  Auttr.  v.  pl.  7  (pL  xir.,  1844) ;  6.  R. 

Or.  Lid  B.  Brit.  Mm.  iiL  p.  133  (1844) ;  H.  Gen.  B.  m.  p.  613. 

c.  S(IS45);  A'AnA.«i/n.^B.,Natatore),t.  93.9'.  428-430(1846); 

ImM.  A'omeucl.  Av.  p.  101  (1861) ;  Bp.  Campt.  Rend,  iliii.  p.  6*9, 

tt.  47  (1866);    Selat.  P.  Z.  8.  18^,  p.  185:  fSaiUd,  Handb.  B. 

Anttr.  ii.  p.  361  (1866) ;  G.  S.  Or.  Sand-lut,  iii.  p.  80,  n.  10623 

(1871) ;  ainM.  Pr.  itro.  Soe.  If.  S.   W.  i.  pp.  Ift5,  219  (1876),  ii. 

p.  200.  n.  653  (]«7a) ;  id.  Tab.  LUt,  p.  22,  n.  GG4  (1888)  ;  Blaauie, 

Ibit,  1894,  p.  317  (duuble  moult). 
Tadonu  Udornoidea,  i/arf/.  Vert.  Get.  .Vim.  p.  US  (1844);  Sdat 


p.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  191,  pi.  XTiii.,  1880,  p.  612 ;  kI.  Ztrf  Vat.  Am, 
6th  ed.  p.  429  (1883) ;  Leffpe,  Pr.  S.  Soc.  Tatm.  1886,  p.  244 
(TtunDBUitt)  (1887) ;  Tri»tr.  Cat.  CoU.  B.  _p.  69  (1889) ;  UarUrt, 
Kat.  VogeUammt.  p.  228  (1891) ;  Sharpe,  Qit.  OtUol  Spedm.  Coil. 
Surg.  iii.  p.  298  (1891). 

Vulpenaer  tadornoides,  Sehiw.  Orn.  CentraOl.  1882,  p.  36 ;  ul.  VSg, 
tool  GdTt.  p.  62  (1882). 

Nettalopex  tctdoroiiia,  Htmit  $  Eekme.  Norn.  Mua.  Hem.  Orn.  p.  S43 
(1890). 

Adtdt  maU.  Head  and  npper  part  of  the  neek  ^ossy  dark  grem ; 
a  white  ring  separates  the  npper  part  of  the  neck  from  thelowerpart, 
which,  together  with  the  apper  part  of  the  hack  and  breast,  are  of 
a  bright  foxy-red  ;  back,  acapulars,  and  lower  parts  black,  finely 
freckled  and  waved  with  falvoos ;  npper  and  under  tajl-coverts  and 
tail  black,  glossed  with  green ;  wing-coverts  pure  white ;  primaries 
and  primary-coTerts  black;  seooudaries  with  a  glossy  green 
Bpecnlam ;  tertiaries  rich  chestnnt  on  their  onter  wob  and  dark 
grey  on  their  inner  webs ;  "  irides  dark  brown  j  bill  black ;  legs 
greyish  black  "(G'ouU).  Total  length  abont  24  inches,  wing  14, 
tul  6,  onlmen  1*8,  tarsos  2-25. 

fimaU.  Smaller  and  duller  than  the  male ;  head  and  upper  part 
of  the  neck  brown-black ;  a  ring  of  white  or  mottled  feathers 
Borronnds  the  base  of  the  biU. 

According  to  F.  E.  Blaanw,  this  bird  is  sabject  to  a  doable  moult 
"  In  May  the  first  moult  takes  place  of  all  tlie  feathers,  primaries 
and  tail-feathera  included.  The  rich  shining  chestnut  feathers  of  the 
breast  are  then  replaced  by  dull  yellowish-brown  feathers,  and  tbe 
white  neck-collar  is  replaced  by  another  collar,  also  white,  but  not 
so  clearly  defined,  and  not  nearly  so  pure  in  colour."  Kr.  Blaanw 
calls  this  the  winter  dress. 

"At  the  end  of  August  generally,    the  second  moult  (of  the 


27.   AKAS. 


187 


27.  AHAS. 


Alias,  Lmn.  S,  N.  i.  p.  134  a766)    

AnaasuSy  Hqfin.  AnatyK^  p.  72  (1815). 

Boschas,  Sw.  Favna  Bor.-Amer.j  Birds,  p.  442  (1881) 

Mange.  Cosmopolitan. 


A.  boscas. 
A.  boscas. 


ji' 


Key  to  the  Species. 

41%  Central  tail-feathers  curled  up. 
a'.  No  white  ring  round  the  eyes. 
a".  Speculum    purple-blue;    under    tail- 
coyerts  in  fml-plumaged  males  velvety 

black 

b".  Speculum  greenish  blue;  under  tail- 
coverts  (in  full-plumaged  males?) 
black,  more  or  less  mixed  with  chest- 
nut     

V.  A  ring  of  white  feathers  round  the  eyes. . 
b.  Central  tail-feathers  not  curled  up. 
cf'.  Wing-speculum  puiple,  green,  or  blue, 
e".  No  transverse  wnite  oands  across  the 
tail. 
Bill  greenish  olive  or  yellowish,  but 
not  yellow  with  a  distinct  longi- 
tudinal black  patch  on  the  culmen. 
c*.  Outer  web  of  tertials  not  white. 
c^.  No    very    distinct    black   band 
through  the  eyes,  but  sometimes 
only  an  obsolete  one. 
c*.  Throat    and    cheeks    thickly 
streaked    with    brown;    no 
white  band  anteriorly  to  the 
speculum. 
c'.  gpeculum  metallic  green  . . 
(P.  Speculum      dark      violet ; 
general  colour  very  dark . . 
(P,  Throat  usually  not  streaked 
with  brown;  the  light  part 
of  the  plumage  more  or  less 
rufescent. 
e'.  No  white  subapical  band  on 
the  last  row  of  the  upper 
wing-coverts ;      specmum 
bluish  green   or  greenish 
blue. 
«".  Secondaries  with  no  white 
band  at  the  tip,  or  with 
a  very  narrow  one  .... 
/*.  Secondaries  with  a  very 
distinct     white     band, 
about  0'35  inch  broad, 

at  the  tin 

/^.  A  white  suoapical  band  on 
the  last  row  of  the  upper 


boicas,  p.  189. 


wyinllianaj  p.  196. 
laysanensiSf  p.  199. 


melierif  p.  199. 
obscura,  p.  200. 


\fulviyula,  p.  202. 
( maculosa,  p.  203. 


aberti,  p.  204. 


wing-coverte,    quite    dia- 

f'.  Speculum  puipla-blue  or 

violet... JofOM  ?,p.  189. 

V.  Speculum  greenish  blue 

or  bluish  green ws/iiilliana  $,p.  196. 

I*.  Speculum  green dum,  p.  S04. . 

d',  A   verr    distinct    black    band 
through  the  ejea. 
**.  Sides  of  the  head  ud  ni»ck 
rufous ;  plumage  sJmost  uni- 
form brown-crej luxcnioa,  p.  SOS.  • 

/•.  Sides  of  the  head  and  neck 
not  ruf  oua ;  general  plumage 
distinctly  mottled  ;  speculum 
metallic  green;  no  white 
band  anteriorly  to  the  specu- 
lum         si^rcilio»a,  p.  206. 

if*.  Outer  web  of  tertials  more  or  less 
broadlj  white ;   terminal  portion 
of  the  upper  mandible  yellow. 
e".  Speculum     metallic    green ;    a 
broad  white  Bubapical  band  on 
the  last  row  of  the  upper  wing- 
coverts,  anteriorly  to  the  spe- 
culum ;  mandible  at  the  fore- 
head red  ;  breast  white,  with 
conspicuous  black  round  spots; 
the  whole  of  the  outer  web  of 

tertials  white padhrhgncha,  p,  209. 

J*.  Speculum  metallic  blue,  more 
or  leaa  with  a  Kreenisb  lustre ; 
no  white  band  anteriorly  to 
tlie  speculum  ;  no  red  apotB  at 


1.  Anas  boscas. 


i,  p.  318  (i:«0) ;  Ltneh,  Cat.  Af.  ^  B,  Br. 


oDuck. 
Adu  ten,  Brill.  Om.  i 

Jtf<».p.3S(181C). 
Ansa  domestica,  Briia.   Om.  <ri.  p.  308  (1760)  ;  (ha.  8.  If.  i.  2, 

S638,  n.  113  (1788) ;  Dmi,.  Dkt.  Sc.  Nal.  vi.  p.  S64  (1817) ; 
reKm,  Vog.  DevlieM.  p.  8ti6  (1831). 
Aiuw  rostro  iQCuiTO,  BriM.  Om.  vi.  p.  311  (1760). 
An»a  boschw,  Linn.   S.   N.   i.  p.  305,  n.  40  (1708);  Seop.  Ann.  I. 

Silt.  Nat.  p.  63,  n.  77  (1769) ;  Font.  Philo*.  Tram.  liii.  p.  383 

(1772) ;  Qm.  S.  N.  l  2,  p.  fl38,  n.  40  (17881 ;  lalH.  Tnd.  Ont.  ij. 

p.  850,  n.  49  (1790) ;  Bonn.  Enc.  MM.  i.  p.  142  (1790) ;  Zfl(A. 

Tram.   Lim.  Soc.   iv.  p.  112,  pi.  Kiii.   C   10  (trachea)  (1798); 

FtiUai,  Zoogr.  RoiMO-At.  ii.  p.  25S  (1811) ;    WiU.  Am.  Om.  viii. 

p.  112,  pi.  70.  f.7  (1814);  Ti!mm.Man.  p.  537  (1815);   Vititt. 

S.  D.  r.  p.  138  (1816)  i  Dum.  Did.   Sc.  Nat.  vi.  p.  366  (1817)  ; 

Ttmm.  Man.  2nd  ed.  ii.  p.  835  (1820) ;   Boie,  Itii,  1822,  p.  564  ; 

Lieht.   rert.  Doubl.  p.  84  (1823) ;  StepA.  Gen.  Zool.  xii.  2,  p.  84 

(1824) ;  Bp.   Ob*.  Nomaui.   IViU.  a.  256  (1835) ;    Sam,  EUm. 

#  Zaol.    iu.   pt.   iz.  p.    100   (1826) ;    Bp.  ^.   p.  383  (1828)  ; 

it'cAf.  Prai-Ven.  p.  iii,  n,  157  (Mexico)  (1830)!  Brehm,  Itii, 

1830,  p.  992  ;  Let,.  Tr.  rfOm.  p.  634  (1831) ;  Sari,  ft-n.  Tote.  Ui. 

p.  161  (1831);   Wagl.  /.«,  1881,  p.  532  (Mexico);  MtnHr.  Cat. 

Sat*,  p.  57   (Bakou)  (1832) ;  And.  Om.  Biogr.  iii.  p.  164.  pL  221 

(1836) ;  StriekL  P.  Z.  S.  1836.  p.  102  (Srayroa) ;  Gould,  B.  Eur. 

pL  361  (1837) ;  Bp.  Comp.  LUt.  p.  56  (1836) ;  Eat.  Mm.  Anot. 

p.  140,  pi.  11  (ekeletoQ  &.  trachea)  (1838);  Frai.  P.  Z.  S.  1B39, 

p.  1S4  (EriCToum) ;  Aud.  Hyn.  p.  276  (1830) ;   Vig.  ZooL  Beeeh. 

Vm.   p.   30   (1839)  ;  Ttmm.    Man.   it.  p.  531    (1840) ;  K.  ^  B. 

Wtrheltk.  Ear.  pp.  ixxxv,  227  (1840) ;  MaogilL  Man.  ii.  p.   165 

(1612) ;  Sely-Lmg.  Faun.  Beige,  i.  p.   140  (1842) ;  Naum.    Viig. 

JDeutichl.  n,  p.  675,  Tal  300  (1842) ;  Aud.   B.  Am.  vi.  p.  236, 

SL  .385  (1843);  DeKay,  N.  T.  Zoot.  ii.  p.  347  (1844);  Qinaa, 
I.  Imtg  hi  p.  29fl  (1844) ;  Hchleg.  Set.  Crit.  p.  ciiii  (1844) 
Hani.  I'en.  Ga.  Mui.  v.  Uit  (ISU);  G.  R.  Gr.  LUt  B.  BrU. 
Miu.  iii.  p.  136  (1844; ;  id.  Grn.  B.  iii.  p.  616,  n.  1  (1845) ;  Siipp. 

thtxriDg  niiie  relalioD  to  A.  botcai ;  beiidei,  the  mottUog  of  llie  baad  and 
of  tbs  upper  parts  aboirs  great  libmeis  to  A.  butcai,  villi  whioh  the  adult 
bird*  from  the  Uarianne  lilanda,  when  anELablc,  wLU  haTa  tQ  be  OOmpared. 
Oneof  tlu  ■r~"    ""    !_:r__  ...!._..  _.    ....   1      <  ..       


\ 


teof  tlu  maoien*  ia  \m  aimilar  to  the  Wp*  of  "  ^.  boichiu  a. /rtymitti" ; 
■  ia  labelled  an  from  "M^ouinM  Islandi.   but,  according  to  U.  Ouatalet,  it 
■Mjr  taaTe  corns  from  the  Marianne  Iilanda 


r  Ana*  bowhaa  a.  trercineti,  Bp,  Oampl.  Bold.  xlju.  p.  0i9  (IS66)  (nomen 

Anai  ouilaloti,  Salvad.  BflL  Brit.  Om.  Club,  n.  n.  p.  1  (Mananne  la.) 
08W,. 

F^uati.  Similar  to  A.  mpereUioia,  but  differs  m  being  paler  undiirnratb,  in 
haijim  Uaa  deOned  diulij  band*  un  the  lides  of  the  bend  (one  through  the  larea 
lad  me  ajM  backwards,  uid  the  other  through  the  ciieeka),  the  light  part  of  the 
(k«k>  redder  and  generally  gputled,  and  tbs  ipeculuin  bluish  purple,  while 
in  A.  mpttttlioia  it  i>  pure  motallie  green ;  beiide*  anteriorl;  to  the  speculum 
thaic  i<  >  suffldentlj  distinut  while  band  near  the  tip  of  the  greater  wing- 
•l^Mrta.  which  i*  wantine  in  A.  luperciiioia.    (jtfal.  Paru.) 

Hat.  Uarianoe  or  Ladrooe  Iiland*  (Gnshlm). 


^gt.  UOert.  p.  138,  n.  497  (Abjsaiiua)  (1646) ;  SchiA.  Son.  Av., 
NaUtons,  t.  84.  ff.  199-303  (184S) ;  a.  It.  Or.  Ou.  Sodgt.  CoU. 
B.  M.  p.  145  (1646)  ;  Goise,  B.  Jam.  p.  408  (1847) ;  PeaU,  U.S. 
Expl.  Ecp.  no.  103  (1848) ;  DegL  Orn.  Bur.  ii.  p.  425  (1849) ; 
Blyth,  Cat.  B.  Mus.  A.  S.  B.  p.  303,  n.  1771  (1849) ;  T.  4-  S. 
Faan.  Jap.,  Avet,  p.  126  (1850) ;  HarcoaH,  P.  Z.  S.  1851,  p.  146 
(Madeira)  i  BcAnb.  Av.  Sytt.  Nat.  p.  ix  (16631;  Bartl.  AnA.f. 
Ifatuiy.  1852,  i.  p.  122 ;  Woodh.  &V-  ^-  P-  103  (1853) ;  Muid. 
Sibir.  Beit.  ii.  2,  p.  229  (I853>;  Walimgr.  Naumanma,  1S54, 
p.  270  (Scandinavia) ;  Lichl.  Xomend.  Av.  p.  101  (Arabia,  Mexico) 
(1854)  ;  Bollt,  J.  f.  0.  1855,  p.  179  (Cananes) ;  Bp.  Compt.  Send. 
iliii.  p.  649,  n.  64  (1856) ;  Seteb.  P.  R.  R.  Jttp.  ti.  p.  102  (1857) ; 
Cab.  J./.  O.  1867,  p.  229  (Cuba)  ;  Ca»t.  U.S.  Expl.  Eip.,  Mamm. 
aud  Om.  p.  340  (Or^on,  California,  Philippines)  (1858) ;  KittL 
JimkK.  ii.  p.  294  (1858);  Adamt,  P.  Z.  S.  1858,  p.  516;  Murr. 
NeTo  Ediytb.  PhU.  Joum.  1859,  p.  229  (Hudson's  Bay)  ;  Adanu, 
P.  Z.  S.  1859,  p.  190;  Saird,  B.  N.  Am.  p.  774  (1868)  ;  id.  Cat. 
B.  N.  Am.  a.  676  (1869) ;  BryajU,  Pr.  Bott.  Soc.  N.  H.  viii. 
p.  132  (Bahamas)  (1859)  ;  Bre^oer,  ibid.  p.  308  (Cuba)  (1860) ; 
J&ioer,  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  Sa'J  (gizzard) ;  Co,^.  ^  SucAl.  N.  M. 
Walk.  Terr.  p.  253  (I860)  ;  Schrmck,  Vog.  Amurl.  p.  472  (1860) ; 
Reinh.  Ibis,  1861,  p.  13  (Greenland);  SwiiA.  Ibit,  1861,  p.  344 
(N.  China);  0)u««,  Pr.  Ac.  t%ilad.  1861,  p.  238;  iSwinh.  Ibit, 
1862,  p.  254 ;  BiaK^t.  Ibit,  1862,  p.  332  (Japan)  ;  Verr.  Pr.  E$t. 
Iiut.  ill.  p.  153  (1862) ;  Rosi,  Canad.  Nat.  v-ii.  p.  152  (McKenzie 
R.)  (1862) ;  id.  Nat.  Hist.  Btv.  (3)  ii.  p.  387  (1862) ;  Hm/d.  Rtp. 
p.  175  (1862) ;  iMAf.  J.f.  0.  1863,  p.  59,  n.  151  (Mexico) ;  G.  R. 
Or.  lAtt  Br.  B.  p.  193  (1863) ;  id.  Cat.  Sodgt.  CoU.  B.  M.  2nd 
od.  p.  77  (1863)  ;  Swink.  P.  Z.  S.  1863,  p.  324  (Chma) ;  id.  Ibit, 
1863,p.  434  (Formosa)  ;iiij(«e,&rM.S.  0.-Si6i>.  li.  p.  363  (1863)  j 
MarcA,  Pr.  Ac.  PAilad.  1864,  p.  73  (Jamaica)  ;  Jerd.  B.  oflnd. 
iii.  p.  398  (N.  India)  (1864) ;  Trittr.  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  453  (Pales- 
tino) ;  Later.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  Tiii.  p.  13  (Panama)  (1865) ;  More, 
lUi,  18(ii).  ]).  -143  (LJivat  Itiit.)  ;  Oodm.  Ibis,  ISiyj.  p.  lOJ  (.Vzores)  ; 
Schleff.  Muj.  P.-B.,  Ai^rea,f.iO  {ISm)  I   CBueg,Pr.  Ac.  {"hi/ad. 


2".  iSAB.  191 

p.  378  (Cuba) :  Sotd.  Ont.  Mue.  i.  p.  117,  pi  xiv.  f.  2  {  S  in  cf 
plumage!  (1B7S) ;  Bianf.  Etat.  Pert.  ii.  p.  300  (lS7Gh  Sclat.^ 
8ah.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  380 ;  SeuUi/,  Str.  Feath.  iy.  p.  19S  (Tur- 
kegtan)  (1876);  Drtsa.  Ibu,  1876,  p.  409;  Pnaa.  Mongolie,  ii. 
pp.  166, 170  (1870) ;  Swinh.  itw,  1877,  p.  146  (Ilakodsdi) ;  Taa. 
dm.  Faun.  Vott.  Sibir.p.  69  (1877)  ;  id.  SuU.  Soe.  Zool.  B:  1677, 
p. 46;  David  It  Outt.  Oil.  Chine,  p.  496  (1B77)  ;  Pnev.,  Soiclry't 
Om.  Mite.  iii.  p.  101  {S.E.  Mongolia)  (1878) ;  Blak.  ^  Pryer, 
iAu,  1678,  p.  213;  ^iJaini,  i£u.  18(8,  p.4»0  (Mebalmki) ;  Setbh. 
ftu.  1879,  p.  23  (Jspan) ;  Iltime,  Str.  J>a(4.  viii.  p.  115,  n.  958 
(1879) ;  rinich,  Verh.  z.-b.  Oei.  Wien.  1879.  p.  262  (1879) ;  Biak. 
4-  Prytr,  Tr.  Am.  Soc.  Jap.  riii,  p.  183  (1880)  ;  Guy,  S.  Bahama 
Isl  p.  184  (1880) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  IBSO,  p.  616  ;  ElUot,  Mm.  Seal 
ItL  p.  130  (1881)  ;  ifcAnw.  Om.  CadrMl.  1882,  p.  18 ;  id.  Vog. 
seat.  Gart.  p.  60  (1882)  :  C.  Sainh.  Hit,  1883.  p.  124  (S.  A&hiui- 
isten) ;  B^ak.  ^  Pryer,  Tr.  Am.  Soe.  Jap.  x.p.  96  (1882) ;  Blakiit. 
CAryionM.  1883,  p.  37 ;  Tacx.  BuU.  Soe.  Zool.  Fr.  1883,  p.  3t3  : 
Jfiirt/.  J./.  0. 1883,  p.  281  (Alaska);  Ail!..  &w« '  CVaii«,'j).  95 
(1883)  ;  B.,  B.,  ^  R.  Water-B.  K  Am.  i.  p,  491  (1884) ;  THrfr. 
Fowl.  ^  Fhr.  PaUat.  p.  116  (1884) ;  D'Sammv.  BuU.  Soe.  Zool. 
Fr.  1881,  p.  101 ;  Madar.  Zeitichr.  d.  ge».  Om.  i.  p.  37  (1884) ; 
Sehiamaxi,  Mitth.  om.  Per.  Wien,  1884,  p.  38  {vox.) ;  id.  ZeiUohr. 
d.  pet.  Om.  ii.  p.  63,  t.  6  (v»r,)  (1885) ;  Zanabt.  Oil.  Tranicasp. 
p.  72  (1885) ;  Serbh.  Hilt.  Br.  B.  iii.  p.  669,  pL  63  (««g}  (1885) ; 
Om/.  iMt  B.  We^t  Ind.  p,  30  (1886) ;  TWrwr,  Aide,  18M,  p.  168 ; 
SUmeg.  Bull  U.S  Xat.  Mui.  n.  29,  p.  162  (Bering  Is.)  (1885) ; 
WeUi,  Lilt  n.  Qrenada,  p.  10  (1886);  ITffaraonw.  Bull.  Soc. 
Zool.  Fr.  1886,  p.  286;  Hartinq,  Zoolog.  1886,0.339;  Turner, 
Omtr.  JV.  H.  AloMka,  p.  131  (1886) ;  A.  O.  V.  ChetMiit  If.  Am. 
B.  p.  114,  n.  133  (1886);  (Tray,  P.  Z.  S.  1887,  pp.  348-360, 
pk.  udi.,  XXX.  (wing) ;  I^eli.  R^.  N.  H.  CoU.  in  AUuka,  Birdi, 
p.  67  (1887) :  Ridgw.  Man.  N.  Am.  B.  p.  91  (1887) ;  Stein.  Pr. 
P,S.  A''rf.  Mui.  X.  p.  136  (CommnndBT  Ii.)  (Irt87) ;  Tacx.  P.  Z.  S, 
1888,  p.  400  (Cores);  While,  Tr.  N.  Z.  /«*(.  rx.  p.  39  (1888) 
($  in  (J  plumoge);  £Vy,  Auk,  1888,  p.  61  (Cuba,  Bah unas, 
Jwwuca.  Grenada) ;  id.  S.  W.  Ind.  p.  332  (1889) ;  Meye,;  Abb. 
Vogel-Skcl.  Tftf.  ex*,  (pt.  xii.,  1889) ;  Triitr.  Cat.  Coil.  B.  p.  49 
(1889);  Setbh.  D.  Jap.  Fmp.  p.  243  (1890);  Sarlert,  Kat. 
Vogdiajnml.  p.  390  (1691);  Sharpr,  Cat.  Oit.  Spite.  Call.  Surg, 
ui.  Ave;  p.  299  (1891):  Brandt.  J./.  O.  1891.  p.  367  (Aleutiwi 
I*.) )  Bateh,  B.  nf  Minnei.  p.  38  (ISftJ) ;  Otut.  Oil.  du  Turkeit. 
etc.,  XavB.  Arch.  (3)  vi.  Exlr.  p.  97  (1894). 

Aims  boschu,  S,  Linn.  S.  y.i.  p.  206  (1706)  (=A.  aomestioB). 

Anu  ftduncn,  Linm.  S.  N.  i.  p.  306,  n.  41  (1766)  {tax.  domestica) ; 
Om.  S.  N.  i.  2,  p.  538,  a.  41  (1788) ;  Palt.  Zaagr.  Bauo-Ai.  ii. 

S2C7  (1811);  nanoean,  Br.  B.  ii.  pi.  218  (1838);  Lru.  Tr. 
Om.  p.  6.14  (1831) ;  Jmyn*,  Man.  p.  234  (1836). 
^iiMmrmach.a.,Soop.Ann.  I.  Hiit.Nat.p.  66,  d.SO  (1769)  (var.P); 

Om.  S.  y.  i.  2,  p.  510.  n.  73  (1788) ;  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  847, 

D.  40  (1790);  Bona.  Ene.  Mith.  i.  p.  146(1790);  BeehH.   Om. 

Tatehenli.  ii.  p.  453  (1803) ;   FieUl.  K  D.  i.  p.  128  (1816) ;  Dum. 

Dirt.  Sc.  Kat.  vi.  p.  384  (1817) ;  Steph.  Gen.  Zool.  xii.  2,  p.  107 

(1824). 
AnM  curvirortra,  Pail.  Spidl.  vi.  p.  33  (1769):  ft".  8.  N.  i.  3, 

p.  637,  n.  112  (1788);  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  ii,  p.  852,  n.  60  (1790)  ; 


S«mm.  Bmc.  Mttk.  L  p.  Ii4  0790} ;   FUZ.  .V.  D.  t.  pL  107  |1S16> : 

£Kn.  Diet.  Se.  SmI.  vi  jl  365  (I^IT) :  Sttpk.  Gtu.  Ztnl.  ziL  % 

PL  93  (l^ei) ;  Bdab.  ^a.  ^r^  NalaUms,  t.  SI.  fl.  313-15  \\AiS>. 
Gmaid  Bon^,  UAiJiaa.  PL  EmL  ~6  (<f),  777  <$>  |l~Ol: 

B^.  HiA.  Sat.  Om.  ix.  p.  lis,  [d*.  7,  8  (17e3f. 
Anatn  aalratica  rule,  G(r.  Afar.  ^£  Tcr.  t.  t  oTO  (c^)  41776). 
HaDard.  A)nL2b(>JL.<ln<.D.p.563(1785):  Zctt.  &>.  iii.3,  p.4«. 

n.  43  (1785). 
Cmred-Ukd  Dw^  Zofi.  fiy>.  iii  S,  p.  496,  b.  44  (1705). 
Aiw  cinliato,  Csl  SI  .V.  L  2,  p.  538  (1788)  (tu.}- 
Anaa  penica,  fiat.  iML  (rar. ). 
Anaa  major,  Gm.  t.  c  p.  539  (rar.J. 
Anaa  giwa.  Gat.  iiiiJ.  (Tar.). 
Aaaa  DKria,  (Tat.  ibid,  (rar.}. 
Anaa  oigra,  &■>.  Aid.  irar.J. 
Anaa  kwcaa.  Fonf.  Sym.  Cat.  Br.  B.  p.  3.)  (IS17> :    Wiarlam.  BA, 

1679,  p.  4.>3  Inomen  ^mend.) :  Humt  ^  MarA  G«mt  B.  of  lad. 

iiL  p.   151,  pi.  il    {18S0):  Bidd.  Aw,   1681,  p.  99:  SaOf.t.c. 

p.-%>:  ^  J-£  A'nrt.  Handb.  Jami.  f.  113  (16811 :  Sidpe.  Sim. 

N.  Ant.  B.   n.  601    (Iwlj :  Court,   Oieck-lut,  2iid   ed.  p.  113. 

n.  707  (188-i) ;  Salt.  Cat.  B.  StHdJ.  CW/.  p.  533  (1683) :  B.  O.  C. 

Lift  Brit.  B.  p.  135  (1883);  Sdat.  Un  I'nY.  ^4*.  6tl>  cd.  p. -130 

(1883) :  Gwi^  J&y  .V.  ^m.  £.  2iid  ed.  p.  691  1 1884) :  Samad. 

YarrtSi  HiMt.  Br.  B.  ir.   p.  a58  (18844.5) :  Gi^  Ie<m.  .4(^. 

JbiJ:  fasc  xxiz.  U*.  31»  (18%) ;  SaUad.  B.   Cer.  lUL  p.  ^S7 

(1886);   LOf.  CcL  Hg.  Br.  £.  pt.  riJL  pL  —  (1688):    Sumf, 

Xtttt  If  Egg*  [Oate*  ed.),  iii  p.  3^^  (1890) :  Sekmr.  J.f.  0. 1?(W, 

■a.&;S>tirpt,8tc.  Tark.  MiM..  Art»,  ^.  MM  {imi) :  iM.  fsn. 

Bdg.,  Om.  u.  p.  433,  id.  2&3  (la93) :  Fiak*.  MH.  BioL  xiiL  p.  ^96 

aseZ) ;  A.  Stwt.  Dit.  o/B.  p.  168  (1893). 
AiMBatckiboachai,ZrraAm,im,  I8.%,p.  997,ii.l:ad.  np.AmArAC 

ft  663  (1831). 
AiiMaDbbc»ch»,&iAai, /fw,  lS30,p.9g7,D.3;  id.  Fag.  Drat^AL 


27.  iNAB. 


19» 


^ 


y.  Amer.  i.  p.  491   (=A.   boschas  ij  is  cbonging  pluma^F), 

p.  4it5  (=A.  boschiw  X  A.  obscura?). 
Ansa  ftudubooi,  Bp.  Cump.  List,  p.  56,  n.  S74  (1838)  (=l)reweri). 
Anas  moschttto-boschM,  iicSwi.  Syn.  Av.,  NftUtorea,  t.  84.  t  203 

(1&I5). 
Ana*  fuBFo-boschas,  Jithnb.  ibid.  S.  20i-205  (1845), 
Anas  majiiaii,Gin>r,  B.  Jam.  p.  399  (1^7)  {= A.  boachas  X  Curiaa 

raosehatJt) ;  Baird,  JS.  N.  Artier,  p.  774  (1858) ;  Sdat.  P.  Z.  H. 

1869,  p.  369  (Mexico). 
ChaDleliuinius  streponta  a.  breweri,  Bp.  Compt.  Send,  xliii.  p.  650 

(  =  C.  atreperuB  x  A.  boaeb&sl)  (1856). 
AnasbogcbaaxBalUaacuta.-Etfwf,  P.  Z.  &  1859,  p.  437. 
Ants  bodcbas  x  Ansa  obacum,   A.  Newt.   P.  Z.  S.   1S<X),  p.  337; 

Schleff.  Mu4.  P.-li.,  Anaerea,  p.  41,  n.  31  (1866) ;  Sade,  P,:  U.S. 

Not.  .Vim.  Tii.  p.  66  (1884). 
Adm  boBchas  x  A.  crecca.  (Vwrnn.  If.  T.  D.  ii.  p.  293  (1865)! 

Leotrk.  J.f.  0.  1890,  p.  327. 
AiMa  bosclins  li   x  Amid  crecca  2,  Sckkg.  Mum,  P.-B.,  Anseres, 

p.  41.  II.  30(1806). 
Anas  bnacbas  (dameatica)  x  A.  clTpeatn,  T»ehu»i,  Zeittekr.  get.  Oitt. 

1885,  p.  533, 
P  .Idm  boKoa  $  X  A.  aupercilioBa  (J ,  White,  Trans.  JV.  Zeid.  Inst. 

x»iii.  pp.  134,  1S5  (1885). 
Anu  [domeatica]  labradorta  X  Anas  paira  alba(!'),  Kanp.  Mim, 

Soc.  Zool.  Fr.  ill.  p.  109  (1890);  Leverk.  J.f.  0.  1890,  p.  227. 
Anu  bosuas  x  .4.  atrepera,  W.  L.  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1891, p.  313. 
Aoaa  boscns  ^   x  Mei^ua  merganser   2,  ScAiUler,  Om.  Jahrb.  ii. 

pp.  109,  110  (1891)  i  Ttchuti,  ibid.m.  170,  ITl. 
Anna  boachaa  x  Anas  americana,  EUiot,  Auk,  1892,  p.  160. 
Anaa  boscaa  x  CIinulelaamUB  Htrepenu,   Pavem,  Bull.  Soc.  Veneto- 

Trmt.  di  Sc.  Nat.  v.  m.  3  (1893). 

Adull  maU.  Hood  and  upper  half  of  the  neck  rich  glossy  green ; 
b^w  that  a  narrow  ring  of  white,  not  quite  meeting  behind; 
manUe  uid  aoapulars  grey,  more  or  lesa  tinted  with  brown  and 
ninutfily  barred  with  hro^iii ;  middle  of  the  back  dark  umber- 
brown  ;  rump,  upper  and  under  tail-«overtfi  deep  velvety  block ; 
Qpper  breast  deep  chestnut;  lower  breast,  sides,  and  abdomen 
greyish  white,  waved  with  narrow  dark  linos  :  wings  asb-browa ; 
wing-apeculum  on  the  secondaries  glossy  purple-blae,  margined 
Ulteriorly  and  posteriorly  by  a  black  and  a  whit«  band,  the  last 
low  of  the  coverts  having  a  subterminal  white  band  and  the  tip 
black,  and  the  secondaries  having  a  subterminal  black  band  and  the 
tip  white ;  tertials  partly  dark  brown  on  the  outer  web ;  under 
wing-«overts  and  axQlaries  white ;  foor  middle  tail-feathers  black 
and  recurved,  remainder  of  the  tail-feathera  pale  grey  in  the  middle, 
edged  with  white  :  bill  yellowish  green,  black  at  the  tip ;  under 
mandible  reddish  yellow  at  the  base  ;  irides  brown  ;  le^a  and  feet 
reddish  orange.  Total  length  about  24  inches,  wing  10-o0-ll'50, 
t«iJ  4'-l,  cnlmen  2-2,  tarsus  1-85. 

Adult  ffmalt.  Oeueral  colour  of  the  upper  parts  dark  brown,  each 

'"       having  a  brownish-buff  margin;  the  underparle  are  buff 

"  with  dark  brown,  except  on  the  chin  and  throat,  which 


194  uiAnsji. 

an  immactilat« ;  wings  as  in  tiis  male ;  tail  brown,  tbe  edges  of  the 
feaihera  pals  wUtuh  baft 

Foung  i»  Jirtt  plumage  doeelf  lesemblee  sdnlt  female,  but  the 
male  is  somewhat  oarker  in  colour. 

Aduh  male  in  motdting  plumage  resembles  adult  female,  hat  is 
somewhat  darker  in  colonr. 

Toung  in  down  has  the  apper  parts  dark  brown,  with  nearly 
white  spot«  OD  tbe  wings,  scapulars,  and  sides  of  tbe  romp ;  the 
imderparts  are  pale  brown,  palest  on  the  belly,  and  shading  into 
bnif  on  tbe  throat ;  it  has  a  boff  stripe  over  the  eye,  a  dark  brown 
stripe  through  the  eye,  and  a  dark  spot  at  the  end  of  Hie  ear- 
oorerts  (iSuiioAm). 

Bah.  Northern  Hemisphere,  rarely  north  of  the  Arctic  Circle ; 
in  A&ioa,  ext«nding  from  the  Azores,  Uadeira,  and  Canaries  on  tbe 
Wcet  to  Nubia  and  Abyssinia  {RiippeU)  on  the  East ;  in  Asia,  dnriog 
the  winter  found  &om  Arabia,  throngh  Persia  and  North  India, 
to  China  and  Japan  ;  in  America,  extending  southwards  to  Usxlco, 
the  West  Indiea,  and  Central  America  as  far  as  Panama. 


Europe. 
Orkneys,  Jane. 
Rrth  of  Forth,  Nov.  (R.  O. 
W.B,). 


d.  ,;ad.Bt 
b.  Pull.  St 
o.  $  ad.  sk. 


«.  PuRsL  EnglandF 

/,f,A.$ad.et  Great  Britain. 

»-o.  $  ad.  et  <;  Merbm  Hall,  Norfolk,  Aug., 

9  joT.  sk.  Oct 

p.^  ad.Bt.  Cambridgeshire. 

9,  r, «.  rf  ad.  et  AviDgton,  Feb.,  May. 


Purchased. 
Purchased. 
Tweeddale  ColL 

Tweeddale  Coll. 
Gould  Coll. 
Purchased. 

Lord  Walangham 

[P.].  ^ 
Porchesed. 
R.  Bowdler  Sbarpe, 


■k. 

«■'.  (fad.  8k. 

ft",  (f  ad.  ak. 

e".  $  »d.  Bk. 
d",  <".  <f  sd. 

ak. 
/".  rf  dd.  sk. 

•d-ak. 

1".  <f  ad.  sk. 

/'.  S  *^  ek. 
«.",■".  <J  2  ad. 

•".f".  <J  2  «i 

f".  (f  •!  ak. 

r."  (T  ad.  ik. 
■".r.  rf  ad.ak. 
iT .  cJ  ad-  sk. 
B^.  e  ad'  it 
«^.  d  ad.  ak. 
<".  a  ad.sk. 
^■-JjuT-ak. 


Huncha  Lake. 

Larkbaan,    Sindh,   Jan.    {A, 

o.  a.). 


Sultaupar,  Ourgaon,  Bee.  { IT. 

Miingloo,  Kooloo.Fel). 
EttLwali,  Jan.  {A.  Andenon). 


Sandee,  Feb.  {A.  A.). 
Nepal 

Native  Sikhim,  Not.  {L.  Man- 

Bangiii]  (Faicontr). 


Seebohm  Call 

B.  H.  nodgBoo,  Esq. 

[P.]. 
Hiime  CoU. 


China  (ruobrtt). 

Wuhu,  YfmgtBe,  China,  Jan. 

Shanghai,  China. 
Natn^aU.  Japan,  Dee. 
Tliikudadi,  Japan,  March. 
Fuiisan,  Japan  (H.  Pryer). 
Ttikohania,  Japan  (H.  P.). 
Western  side  of  Bocky  Mta. 
St.   MichaeVH.  Alaska,    May 

(E.  W.  NeUoti). 
Britiab  Columbia  {J.  K.  Lord). 

Washoe  Lake,  Nevada,  May 

(H.  W.  Beruhaw). 
Canada. 


uid  Eipediti 
ParalM. 


Greanland- 

Lake  Minnesota,  Oct.  [A.  J. 

Daijia,). 
Chici^o,  Illinois,  March,  Oct, 

(A.  J.  D.). 
Hermiiillo,  State  of  Sonora, 

Mfiico,   Dec  (f.  Ferrari- 

Fera). 
Corpaa  Cbristi.  Teuw,  Oct. 

Dec.  (F.  Armttrotig). 


[P.l. 
rwaeddale  ( 


I,  Eaq. 


F.  W,  Styan,  Esq. 


Safvin-^ 


SaTvin-Godman  Coll, 
F.  Rinffer.  Esq.  [P.]. 
Seebohm  Coll. 
Seebohm  CoU. 
Seebohm  Coll. 
J.  K.  Lord,  Esq.  [P.l 
Salvin^JSodman  Coll 

N,  Amentia  Bound- 

Biy  Comm.  [PJ. 
Salnn-Godman  Coll. 

GoTonit.  of  Caniula 

[P.]. 
N,  America  Botind- 


N.  America  Bound- 
ary Comm.  [P.]. 


Salvin-Qodman  Coll. 
SnlTin-Godman  ColL 

Salnn-Oodman  Coll. 


IM 

AKAUDX. 

4*,  e".  rf  5  td. 
rf'-A^.  Ste™. 

r-r-  skuni. 

r*.  S  .d.  rt. 

(malfonned). 
.«.PiilL.k. 

(domeidc). 
f .  <;  ad.  It 

(dark). 
«*.  Ad.8t. 

{meUniatJc). 
B-.tfadik. 

Tarpon  Springa,  Florida,  Not., 
Ifec  (IF.  a  B.  Soctt). 

Vakibiibb. 
No  locality. 

Nolo<»Uty. 

Qteat  Briton. 

Salnn^odman  ColL 

ReT.  W.  Parish  [P.], 

J.  H.  Oonie;,  Eaa. 

[P.]. 
Puichaeed. 

Lincolnshire  Fene. 
Lilford  Avi&riea,  Nov. 

J.  Duhwood,  Esq. 
[P.l.              ^ 

The  Hon.  Lord  Lil- 
ford [P.l. 

C.    BerWey,    Esq. 

Pureh^. 

0.  Darwin,  Eaq.  [P.]. 

tt*.  Ad.  ak. 

Egypt. 

^.  Ad.  at 

«',  I*.  Ad.  ak. 

(albino). 

China. 

Ado;,  China  (JL  Smnhoe). 

pBirauiiT  DvcK. 

rf".  Pull. 
«•.  Poll. 
/".  Skeleton  (in 
nulfbnned  apt 
/>.  SkuD. 

Bonieo  (AgaA  AwAe). 

C.  Darwin,  Eeq.  (P.]. 

Borneo  {Sajah  Brooke). 

C.  Darwin,  Eaq.  [P.]. 

Bali  or  Lombook  {Saj.  Brooke). 

complete)  of  the 
Kimenr*. 

0.  Darwin,  Eaq.  [P.]. 

Gould  Coll. 

ZooLSoc. 

Key.  W.  Parish  [P.]. 

Anas  boteas  x  A.  superdliQ 

Wl. 

Adas  bo»cb&s.  rnr.,  Hartl.  J./.  0.  ISoi,  p.  1 70  (Suidwich  Isl.). 
Aima  supeicitioea  a.  saadwichensia,  Bp,  Otmpt.  Bead,  xliii.  p.  619 

(1866]  (nom.  nudum). 
Aaaa  BUperalioM,  var.  (part.),  O.  R.  Gr.  Cat.  B.  Trop.  lal.  p.  54 

(1868). 
Anas  supcrciliom,  JhU  {tuc  Om.),  Fr.  Bo»t.  Sue.  N.  H.  riL  p.  805 

(leOO)  (Sandwich  Isl.);   Sdal.  Ibu,  1871,  p.  360:   Doln,   Haui. 

Almnnac,  1870,  p.  .5.5;  id.  B.Hamai.  Id.  2ti<led.p.65  (1879). 
Anas  oiDdwicliensis,  '"  Bp.,"  BuUtr,  B.  Neio  Zeal.  p.  245   (in  »yn. 

A.  supereiliostB)  (1873).  _ 


Anas  wvvUliaoa.  Setat  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  360  (jut.,  Sandwich  Isl.) 
ii^w,   iV.  l/.S.  Nat.  Mai.  i.  p.  261  (2)  (1878);   Solnt.  Ihi, 


Ihis, 


■  Bui 

^^1     snd  VI 


187S,  p.  1 

IdandLifii,  p.  396  (ym){Rthnw.  Om.  Centralii.  I 

SaiMd.  Om.  Pap.e  Mil.  iii.  p.  390  (note)  (1882) ;  St^n.  Pr.U.S. 

Nat.  Mut.  Jti.  p.  98  (1888)  j  Scott  WiU.  Am*  HaioaiUntt*,  pt  ir 

pi.  —  (1883). 

Besides  the  four  specimens  mentioned  below,  I  have  seen  three 
ctlien  received  for  inspection  from  Prof.  Newtoo,  and  many  more, 
over  twenty,  in  the  Hon.  W,  Rothschild's  collection.  As  observed 
by  Dr.  SleJD^r,  the  specimeas  inspected  show  a  number  of  oitra- 
ordinary  variations,  truly  perplexing,  and  I  mast  confess  that  I  do 
not  quite  understand  this  species.  The  most  adult  male  bird 
examined  in  Mr.  Rothschild'it  coUection  has  the  central  tail-feathere 
curled  up,  so  that  this  specioa  appears  to  come  near  to  A.  boseat. 
Bxamining  the  series  as  I  have  done,  it  seems  to  me  that  perhaps 
not  one  of  the  specimens  inspected  is  in  full  dress,  and,  secondly, 
that  many  of  the  birds  have  some  taint  of  A.  I^srai,  which, 
aooording  to  Judge  Dole,  is  luiturnlizal  in  all  Ok  IslajuU.  Both 
these  points  cannot  be  solved  at  present,  but  we  must  wait  for 
further  information  obtained  in  the  Sandwich  Islands. 

Before  proceedins  to  mention  the  principal  features  distinguishing 
A.  vt/rntliana,  I  wifih  to  point  out  that  the  Ggare  of  the  tj-pe  of 
Ana*  wyvUUana  (Voy,  of  the  'Challenger')  is  not  very  exact  in  the 
following  paniculars: — 1st,  the  speculum  is  much  too  green; 
Snd.  the  fathers  of  the  breast  have  small  roundish  dark  spots, 
while  in  the  ii/pe  iliere  are  U-shaped  black  submarginal  bands ; 
3rd,  the  general  colouring  is  not  olive-brown,  but  much  more 
rvfescent. 

When  I  was  in  Paris  I  examined  in  tho  Moseum  the  presumed 
type  of  A.  Imtchat  a.  freyeinUi ;  it  is  a  male  in  moult,  putting  on 
the  green  feathers  of  the  head.  This  bird,  which  is  labelled  as 
from  "  Lea  tales  Malouinea,"  was  inadvertently  stated  by  Gray 
to  he  from  tho  Sandwich  Islands.  According  to  the  information 
given  to  me  by  M.  (Joatalet  it  is  not  at  all  improbable  that  the 
^>e  of  A.  boieJiat  a.  frf'jntMi  came  from  the  Marianne  Islands, 
and  if  ao,  it  would  be  the  same  as  my  A.  otutaltti. 

Besides  the  centnl  tail-feathers  being  curled  up  in  one  specimen, 
snd  very  little  ao  in  another,  the  most  adult  mate  specimens  of 


the  "  Duck  from  the  Saodvicti  Islands  "  ezamlued  by  me  ahov  the 
following  charactera; — 

1.  The  mmp  and  upper  tail-coverts  are  black ;  abo  the  mtder 
tail-coverts  are  more  or  less  black,  but  mixed  with  chestirot  in 
Bomo  gpeciniena. 

2.  The  abdomen  has  a  greyish  tinge  and  traces  of  dusky  narniir 
oroBs  bars. 

3.  The  head  on  the  upper  part  is  blackish,  glossed  with  greeiir 
while  the  sides  and  throat  have  dark  streaks  aa  in  A.  obseara ;  in 
one  specimen  the  throat  is  blackish. 

4.  The  crop-region  and  breast  are  reddish  chestnut,  with  black 
markings  mote  or  less  of  a  crescent  shape,  especially  on  the  sides. 

5.  The  leathers  of  the  mantle  and  interscapular  region  hav» 
black  and  mfous-chestnut  undulated  bands,  and  many  feathers, 
especially  on  the  side,  are  finely  waved  with  grey. 

6.  The  speculum  is  glossy  green,  with  a  bluish  lustre  in  soma 
specimens,  and  is  bounded  anteriorly  by  two  bands  on  the  last  tow 
of  the  upper  wirg-coverts — one,  snbapical,  whitish  grey,  and  the 
other,  apical,  black  ;  posteriorly  the  speculum  is  bounded  also  by  two 
bands — a  subapical  one,  black,  and  a  brosd  apical  one,  white.  In 
some  specimens  the  anterior  whitish  band  is  almost  obsolete. 

7.  The  tertials  are  brown-grey,  the  outer  ones  have  the  outer 
■web  velvety  black. 

8.  The  upper  wing-coverts  are  dark  grey,  with  nanow  rofeecent 
edges. 

9.  The  under  wing-coverts  are  white,  but  in  some  specimens  the 
marginal  ones  .are  dusky. 

10.  The  siEc  is'smidler  than  in  A.  botcaa-  total  length  ahoub 
18  inches,  wing  9'25,  culmen  1'85, 

11.  Colour  of  the  soft  parts:  bill  black  above,  flesh-coloured 
below ;  feet  orange. 

T7te  fetnale  resembles  that  of  A.  hoacai,  but  is  smaller,  darker, 
and  has  the  speculum  green,  the  npper  wing-coverts  more  or  leas 
with  rufescent  edges  :  the  bill  dusky,  with  a  yellow  bond  near  the 
tip. 

TTie  yoiiiip  bird  resembles  the  adult  female,  but  has  dark  streaks 
also  on  the  throat;  the  markings  on  the  underparts  are  more  like 
longitudinal  streaks. 

Tounp  in  down  are  very  aimilar  to  the  same  stage  of  A.  hMeai, 
but  perhaps  the  brown  colour  of  the  upper  parte  is  more  olive. 
(HothfchiU  Coll) 

Hab.  Sandwich  Islands. 


1,  6,  ^  moult,  et 
$  od.sk. 


Hawu  [Knudsen'). 
Hilo,  Owhyhee. 


Prof.  CoUett  [P.]. 

VoY.   of  H.M,8. 

'  Challenger.' 
(Type  of  species.) 
Voy.    of  H.M.S. 

'  CballeDger.' 


27.  AMMIB,  W9 


3. 
rU09) ;  id.  Urn,  ViS0^  p.^n  «1  >4/>^^  </  /4y«M,  |<.  I  p,  IC9^ 


MmU  pgrimg*  nut  fiiSr  »iilt.    OiesMinl  plaaMi^  nrfuw^iutn  ^  fMM 
aaipe  Ikbek  vidi  a.  iRn^niah.  hntr^  *fc^^AsiSkj  ^m  tK^  Mp^ ; 

as  In^giiar   v!i2D»   rizur   rvuui  ^du^    ^7^^ ;   *Jirvit   »i«r(    -9^49^ 
ck.  vtytymoLXi^  'inMC  taut  iaflUc*  -vxh  ^^''9^  m4  r4m^ 

«ifB€  ^rxa  raSafxni::  «^K:unm  'toil  SMt^Uut  pwTUi  «iui  i^j^^^^ 
wsLwti  liaek:  izuiusr  -ratf'-^^^r*  vevw^  ^«f0td  -r-xii  n6ui^.Mnt, 
wad  agwui.  -rxii  mSovKn]:    :3i#i  titncru  ^tiu/^Miiutrt  :tt2v^ 

flon  0ii  isn«r  -ixxrvir  nx/i  ^  'lie  wsfruiun.  i«tut  nn^  InlVr. 


Jtt^^  e  1.  J^'^nr.    mfr  ^^^  .  Jt»    >f5l 


x-  i  iV   77  ir  tir   i-  :,  -^i-.i-  Jji<a4    '.."^^  .       »*^     "'-^s    >•* 

'■  ■'.     ^    ,     i:AaiC      Ij'P'i      jtetmmr     Vn     \*-Tf.'"Ai<      .•'f*^- 


198 

Uie  "  Duck  from  Uie  Sandwich  Idands  "  examined  by  me  ehow  the' 
fbUowing  characters  :— 

1.  The  rump  and  upper  tail-ooTerta  are  black ;  also  the  niider 
tail-covertB  are  more  or  less  black,  bnt  mixed  wiQi  cheatnnt  ia 
•ome  BpeoimeiiB. 

2.  The  abdomen  has  a  greyish  tinge  and  traces  of  dusky  namnr 
oroeabara. 

3.  The  head  on  the  upper  part  is  blaokiah,  glossed  with  greeny 
while  the  sidse  and  throat  have  dark  streaks  as  in  ^  obieura;  in 
me  specimen  the  throat  is  blackish. 

4.  The  crop-region  and  breast  are  reddish  chestnut,  with  black 
markings  more  or  lesa  of  a  orescent  abape,  especially  on  the  sides. 

6.  The  feathers  of  the  mantie  and  iatetscapular  region  have 
black  and  rufons-cheetnut  nndolated  bands,  and  many  feathers, 
especially  on  the  side,  are  finely  waved  with  grey. 

6.  The  speculum  is  glossy  green,  with  a  hlnish  Ingtrs  in  some 
specimens,  and  ia  bounded  anteriorly  by  two  bands  on  the  last  row 
of  the  upper  wing-ooverts — one,  anbapical,  whitish  grey,  and  the 
other,  apical,  black ;  posteriorly  theapecolnmis  bounded  e^o  by  two 
bands — a  snbapical  one,  black,  and  a  broad  apical  one,  white.  In 
some  specimens  the  anterior  whitish  band  is  almost  obsolete. 

7.  The  tertials  are  brown-grey,  the  outer  ones  haTO  the  outer 
web  velvety  black. 

8.  The  upper  wing-coverta  are  dark  grey,  with  narrow  rufesoent 
edges. 

9.  The  nnder  wing-corerts  are  white,  bnt  in  some  specimens  the 
marginal  onM  ,are  dusky. 

10.  The  sise  is^  smdUer  than  in  A.  botoat ;  total  length  about 
18  inchee,  wing  9'S5,  cnlmen  1-85. 

11.  Coioor  of  the  soft  parts:  bill  blaok  above,  flesh-oolonred 
below :  ' 


I 


3.  Anas  layBanenaia. 

Anu  laj-suiensis,  SothtcA.  Bull.  B.  O.  C.  do,  4,  p,  zvil  (Laysan  t.) 
(1892) :  id.  Ibu,  1893,  p.  250 ;  id.  Am/,  of  Laymn,  pt.  i.  p.  Ifl, 
pi.  —  (1893). 

MaU  perbapB  not  fiilly  adult.  Qenerol  plumage  rofeiceiib ;  head 
and  nape  black  with  a  greenish  liutre,  especially  on  the  nape ; 
edge6  of  the  feathers  on  the  sides  of  the  head  streaked  with  reddish  ; 
m  irr^ular  whit*  ring  round  the  eyes ;  throat  mixed  with 
white;  back,  crop-w^on,  breast,  and  flanks  with  brown  and  rufes- 
cent  V-shaped  marks ;  ramp  blackish,  with  rufescent  markings ; 
abdomen  rufescent,  with  brown  bars  ;  under  tail-coverts  rafoua- 
ehe«tnat,  with  brown  marks;  upper  wing-coverts  greyish  brown, 
edged  with  rafeecent ;  speculum  doll  metallic  purple  aud  greeu, 
with  a  white  apical  band  ;  tertials  hrown,  with  the  outer  web 
Telvety  black ;  under  wing-coverta  brown,  edged  with  rufescent, 
the  inner  ones  with  the  axiUaries  white ;  tail  brown,  the  feathera 
edged  and  crossed  with  rufescent ;  the  central  tail-feathors  mnch 
darker  and  somewhat  curled  up :  "  iris  brown ;  upper  mandible 
blackish,  green  towards  the  edges ;  feet  dull  orange,  wobs  brown  " 
(Palintr).  Total  length  about  17  inches,  wing  S,  tail3'd,culmon  1'6, 
tarsus  1-4.    {Mat.  EoOiMcKiU.) 

Female.  Similar  to  the  male,  but  differs  in  having  more  white  on 
the  chin  and  upper  throat  and  in  the  spoculiim  being  much  duller, 
scarcely  indioBt«d ;  upper  and  under  taiUcoverts  paler,  rufescent 
with  dusky  marks  or  bands.    (Afug.  Rolhtc/iild.) 

In  some  specimens  the  white  ring  round  the  eyes  extends  back- 
wards, in  a  kind  of  band,  and  many  white  feathers  are  scattered  on 
the  sides  of  the  head  ;  again,  in  one  female  many  tail-feathers  are 
white !  (Mat.  Molhtchild.} 

Sab.  Laysan  Islands. 

4.  Anas  melleri. 
ts  lanthorhyncha,  liarA  ^  E.  Newt,  {nee  Fortt.)  Bni,  1863,  p.  174 
(TamaUve). 
JJHGla  errthiochyncha.  Sclat.  (nee  Gm.)  P.  Z.  S.  1863.  p.  165. 
LAnas  melleri,  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  4S7,  pi.  ixxiv.  (MadsgasCftr); 
^    7.fi.er.ffomM*f,iJi.p.8-2,n.l(M41(l8n);  Oieb.  The,.Oni.i. 
>.  367  (1873) !  SartL  Vog.  Madog.  p.  300  (1877) ; 


>.19;  Trittr.Cat.  (M.  .B,  p.  49  (1680) ;  ffiSnfe, -Bi»,  1802,p.  270. 
U  DoreUi,  Orand.  Jiev.  et  Mag.  de  Zoot.  1867,  pp.  88,  265 
>i  melleri). 

M  boKluu  (P),  T&r.  melleri.  Grand.  Eev,  tt  Mag,  de  ZooL  1868, 
.5. 

»  boschaa  (F),  ScAUg.  *  FoU.  JUeh.  Faun.  Madag.  p,  160  (1868). 
W  mascarina,  Vtmoa,  Mfm.  Soc.  Acd.  de  file  dt  la  'Biun.  1868, 
"  ;  id.  Bull.  Soc.  d'Acclim.  1868,  pp.  626, 627  ;  </.  A.  yeat.  Zool. 
.».pp.  108,100. 


J 


Adult.  General  colonr  reddish ;  the  feathers  brown  in  the  middle 
and  margined  with  reddish;  bead  and  neck  with  narrow  dnsky 
streaks,  each  feather  margined  with  reddish  ;  feathers  of  the  back 
with  some  narrow  irr^olar  reddish  bars ;  specnium  glossy  green, 
bonnded  anteriorly  and  posteriorly  by  two  Tolvety-black  bands,  the 
Ulterior  one  at  the  tip  of  the  greater  ving-ooverte ;  a  narrow  whitish 
band  at  the  tip  of  the  secondaries  ;  before  the  anterior  black  band 
there  is  also  a  narrow  doll  reddish  band ;  tertials  Tclvety  brown, 
darker  on  the  enter  web ;  under  wisg-coverts  sod  axillaries  whit« : 
"bill  black (?);  irides  sienna-brown  ;  feet  fleshy  colonr "  (&iaf«r). 
Total  length  aboat  21  inches,  wing  10-6,  tail  5,  oulmen  2-3, 
tarsus  1*65. 

Female.  Apparently  similar  to  the  male. 

Young.  Has  a  redder  tinge,  almost  rosty,  on  the  edges  of  the 
feathers  of  the  lower  parte. 

Bab.  Madagascar. 

4.  Ad.  St  MadogBSCST.  P.  L.  Sclater,  Esq., 

[P.]..      (Type^of 


species.) 

Ifadsgascar  {Deant  Coteart).        Tweeddale  CoU. 
MadsMscar  (Demu  Cowan).         Shelly  OoU. 
E.  of  AntananaiiTO,  Mada-       W.    DeaJiB    Cowi 


gascat.  £sq.  [CI 

<.  Ad.  sk.  0.  Madsffsscar.  Shelley  Coll. 

J.  Ad.  sk.  S.E.  MacUgascar.  W.    Deans   Cowan, 

Esq.  [0.], 

5.  Auu  obicnra. 
DoHky  Duck,  Penn.  Aret.  Zool.  ii  p.  664,  n.  496  (1785) ;  Lath. 

8yn.  ui.  2,  p.  646,  n.  84  (1786). 
,\iuiB  oWiira,  R.-,.  S.  A',  i.  2,  p.  ral,  0.116(1786):  Lath.  Ind.On. 


•J7.    1SA9.  201 

p.  297  (1866) ;  Cbuet.  Pr.Ka.  liut.  r. p.  298  (I968I  i?id.Fr.  So*t. 
Soe.  N.  H.  xa.  n.  721  (Soutli  Corolinm  winter)  (1868)  {  Allm,  MerA. 
Boa.  Soe.  y.  a.  i.  p.  6O2  (lowa,  euaimPT)  (1868) ;   Tumh.  Ji.  E.  Pa. 
p.  S5  (!»(») ;  -^.  f^.  Anat.  p.  97  (1860) ;  Maya.  Guutf,  p,  147 
(HusachuutU,  breeding)  (1^70)  ;  irf.  Pr.  Bmt.  Soe.   xir.   1871, 
p.  3ftl  (1872)  ;   P  Cto«,  Pr.  Acad.  Philad.  1871,  p.  36  (North 
C«roiin«) ;  O.  R.  Or.  Hand-liit,  iii.  p.  82,  n.  10849  (1871) ;  (?«. 
Thei.  Om.  i.  p.  359  (1872);  (hia,  &y,  p.   285  (part.)  (1872); 
id.  Cheek-li»t,  n.  489  (187S) ;  SaM.  &  $alv.  Mmmii.  Av.  yt-otrop. 
p.  129(1973);  Cmie»,eirtUX-Wett.p.mCi{lSTi);  &lat.^Salv. 
P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  380 ;  Selat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  517 ;  Jtidga.  Xom. 
y.  Am.  B.  a.  602  (^fm);    Owt,  Chivk-lut,  3nd  ei  p.  113, 
n.  708  (1882) ;  fifAair.  Orn.   Cmfro/W.  1682,  p.  18;  a.   VSq.  d. 
tool.  (?<!r(.p.60(1882)i  Sale.  Cut.  Jl.  SmU  CW/.  p.634(1882)j 
Si^t.  Lilt  Tert.  An.  Sch  ed.  p.  430  (1883) ;  C<mai,   Key  N.  Am. 
B.  2nd  ed.  p.  691  (1884) ;  B.,  B.,  ^  R.  Wai^rr-B.  S.  Am.  i.  p.  499 
nasi) ;  A.  O.  U.  Check-tiat,  p.  116,  n.  133  (1886) ;  RiiUffK.  Man. 
X.  Am.  B.  p.  (11   (1887);   Trxttr.   Git.   Coll.   B.  p.  49  (1888); 
HarUrf-,  Kat.  Vogtlmmml   p,  230(1891);  Sharpe,   Cat.   OiteoL 
Spfdm.  Coll.  Surg.  iii.  p.  300  (1891J ;  Ualek,  B.  of  Mimuv.  p.  40 
(1892). 
Anas  brtschtia,  var.  ubjicura,  Lfis.  Tr.  iCOm.  p.  034  (1881). 
Adbii  (lloschaa)  obacura,  A'ult.  Man.  ii.  p.  392  (1834). 
Adult    nuiU.    Pretmling  colour  browniah  black  or  dusky,  the 
feath«ia  edged,  more  or  less  distmetly,  with  pale  RreyiBh  fulvous ; 
upper  put  of  the  bead  darker  than  the  checks  and  upper  part  of 
tli«  neck,  which  are  greyiah  folvous,  streaked  with  duaky ;  a  dusky 
stripe  back  from  the  eye ;    the  chin  and  throat  more  sparingly 
str^ed,  but  not  immacolate ;  apeculam  deep  glossy  violet,  anr- 
rounded  with  velvety  black ;  before  tbe  anterior  black  band,  formed 
by  tike  last  row  of  coverts,  there  is  a  narrow  pale  band  almost 
obsolete ;  at  Ibo  tip  of  tho  secondaries  a  narrow  white  baud ;  mar- 
ginal nsder  wing-coverts  dusky  with  white  edges,  the  inner  ones 
and  axillarics  white ;  primaries  and  tail-feathers  dusky  black,  the 
lBtt«r  with  narrow  pale  edges :  "  bill  yellowish  green,  the  unguia 
doaky  :  iris  dark  brown  ;  feet  orange-red,  the  webs  dusky  "  {Awtu- 
bon).     Total  length  about  2)  inches,  wing  10-50-11,  tail  4,  culmen 
2-2-35,  tarsus  1-70-1-30, 

"  Some  examples  have  a  slight  tinge  of  metallic  green  on  the 
sides  of  the  head,  behind  the  eye"  (B.,  B.,  j-  if.). 
Ftnialt.  Simitar  to  the  male. 

Young  in  down,  "  Above  olivaeeous  brown,  faintly  relieved  by 
six  inconspicuous  markings  of  light  brownish  bnff,  situated  as 
follows :  one  on  tbe  posterior  border  of  each  arm-wing ;  one  (small, 
and  somotimes  nearly  obsoleto)  on  each  aide  of  the  back,  behind  the 
wing,  and  one,  mure  distinct,  on  eacli  side  of  tho  rump,  near  the 
base  of  tho  tail ;  pilonm  and  najw  (longitudinally)  brown,  like  the 
back ;  rest  of  tho  head  and  neck,  with  lower  parts,  light  dingy 
brownish  buff,  paler  on  the  abdomen ;  aides  of  the  head  marked 
with  a  narrow  dusky  stripe  running  from  the  upper  basal  angle  to 
tbe  eye,  thence  back  towards  the  occiput,  but  scarcely  confluent 
with  tbe  brown  on  the  latter ;  an  indistinct  spot  on  the  auricular 


SOS  AIMTIOS. 

legjon,  with  a  still  less  distinct  diuky  msrk  extending  bad  from 
tiiis  to  the  nape"  {B.,  B.,  ^  B.). 

This  species,  in  Hr.  Kidgway's  Key,  comes  in  the  section  in  which 
the  wings  are  without  white  bands ;  bat  in  two  of  the  specimens 
mentioned  below,  one  from  New  Brunswick  and  the  otlier  from  the 
Bermuda  Islands,  there  is  a  disUset  narrow  white  baud  at  the  t^ 
of  the  secondaries. 

fofi.   Eastern   North   America,  breeding  from    more  northern 
United  States  to  Endaon's  Bay  and  Labrador;  western  and  sonthem 
limits  imperfectly  detennined ;  Bermndas. 
a.  PnU.  St.         No  loeaUly. 

(.  Ad.  at.  N.  Amnrica.  Piuchs«ed, 

0.  Ad.  at.  N.  America.  J.  J.  Audubon,    Esq. 

[P.]. 
i.  S  ad.  sk.       New  Brunswick,  Sept.  Capt.  S.  O.  Reid  [F.l 

t.  Ad.  sk.  Halifax,  Noya  Scotia.  Capt.  8.  Q.  R«d  [P.]. 

f.  g  ad.  sk.       New  Hbtbd,  Connecticut,  April    Salvin-Godman  (%II. 

(C.  A.  Merriam). 

g.  (f  ad.  sk.        PeDi8ton'BFond,BermudaB,Jan.   CapL  S.  O.  Reid  [P.]. 
k,i.  Skeletons. 

6.  Anas  folTignla. 

Anas  obscura,  part.,  Avd.  On.  Bioffr.  \y.  p.  16  (IB38) ;  id.  B.  Am. 
Ti.  p.  244  (1843) ;  P  Gome,  B.  Jam.  p.  40S  (1847) ;  P  Oundl  {nee 
ftn.)/./.  0.1867,  p.  229  <Cuba);  Mar<A,  Pr.  Ac  Btiiad.  1864, 
p.  73  (Jamaica);  P  toua,  Pr.  Boa.  Soe.  N.  H.  xiL  p.  724  (South 
Carolina,  in  winter)  (1868) ;  P  Alien,  BuU.  Miu.  Comp.  Zool  ii. 
p.  863  (Honda)  (1871) ;  ?A.^  E.  Newt.  Sandb.  Jam.  p.  118 
(1861) ;  P  Cora,  Bev.  Lat  B.  W.  Ind.  p.  SO  (1686) ;  id.  AtA,  1888, 
p.  01  (Cuba,  Jamaicn)  ;  ?  id.  B.  W.  hd.  p.  26i>  (1889). 

Anas  obscura,  Tiir.  fuJvigula,  Ridgie.  Am.  An(.  viji.  p.  Ill  (Florida) 
(1874) ;  Omei,  Check-litt,  App.  n.  489(i  (1874). 

AnMobBCura,6.  fulTigula,CowH,  J.  y.-ffwi,f.  661  (1674). 


The  last  specimen  in  the  list  below  differs  very  conspioaouflly 
from  the  olher  tiro :  the  specuJum  is  black  with  a  greenish  gloss, 
only  one  of  the  feathers  shows  a  distinct  bluish-green  colour  on 
the  enter  web ;  the  upper  part  of  the  head  ia  very  dark  brovm  ; 
there  is  a  very  distinct  black  band  from  the  lores  through  the  eyes ; 
the  checks  are  entirely  Covered  with  blackish  Btreaka  ;  throat  bnffieb, 
nnspotted.  I  am  not  sure  that  it  beloDga  to  the  present  species. 
It  has  the  appearance  of  being  not  fully  adnlt;  but  in  the  collector's 
not«  it  is  iiud  ihat  it  was  sitting  on  13  e^s ! 

Sab.  Florida,  and  perhaps  also  the  West  Indies. 

a.  fj  ad.  sk,  Florida  (Seruiaw  Coil.).  Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 

6.  S  ad.  sk.  Lake    Hiehpoochee,    Rorida,  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Hatch  {F.  Menge). 

ft^td.Pslc.         Lake    Hichpoochee,    Florida,  Sal rin-Qodman  Coll. 

Mawh  (KMauje). 


1.  Anas  maooloia. 

Aaas  obecuK,  part,  Ba^,  B.  N.  Am.  p.  776  (1858) ;  Brawr,  Ihii, 
1866,  p.  J2  (Teias)  ;  Coua,  Key,  p.  285  (part)  (1872) ;  id.  Check- 
h»i,  n.  J89  (part.)  (1873) ;  Snow,  B.  Eaiu,  p.  11  (1S73) ;  Rid^tB. 
Ifom.  N.  Am.  B.  n.  «03  (pan.)  (1881) ;  Goit,  Cat.  B.  Emt.  p,  — 
(Kmiuw)  (1883) ;  Covtt,  Key  S.  Am.  B.  2nd  ed.  p.  691  (part,) 
(1884). 

Anas  fulvigula,  Oou  {nee  Ridgv.),  Auk,  1B60,  p.  113  (Kansas) ;  id. 
Sev.  Cat.  B.  Kan*,  p.  —  (1S86) ;  Ridgw.  Man.  N.  Am.  B.  p.  92 
(pwt.)  (1887) ;  id.  Auk.  1868,  p.  108  (note)  (Chihuahua). 

Back  Duck,  ETmnet  {nee  avct.),  Auk.  1688,  p.  108  (Chihaahun). 
triorida  Dnck,  Goi  (nee  nidi/ie.).  Auk,  1888.  p.  444. 
f  Ana*  macnloBs.  SenwU,  Auk.   1889,  p.  203  (Teiae);  Goi*,  Aak, 
1800,  p.  88  (Kansas). 

AnaafulTirula  maculosa,  ^.O.  U.  Auk,  1890,  p.  61  (Easlpm  Teias, 
and  north  to  Kansae). 

In  my  opinion  A.  maculma  is  scarcely  ditTerent  from  A.  fulviffida, 
but,  according  to  Mr.  Sennett, "  the  most  marked  differences  between 
A.  maeulota  and  A.  fidvi/ftila  are  that  the  checks  of  the  former 
mn  itTeaked  with  brown,  while  those  of  the  latter  ara  plain  buff, 
the  Bpecolum  is  parplc  instead  of  green;  the  general  effect  of 
tli«  coloration,  especially  on  the  undersides,  is  mottled  instead  of 
rtreaked  ;  the  light  colour  everywhere  is  a  pale  buff  or  isahella 
Oftlonr  instead  of  a  rich,  deep  buff,  and  the  tail-markings  also  are 
different,  as  indicated." 

Uanyof  the  specimens  mentioned  below  have  the  throat  immacu- 
late, but  several  have  it  streaked  with  brown. 

ffah.  Eaatem  Texas  and  north  to  Kansas. 

A.  Ad.  ak.  San  Antonio,  Texas  [S.  E.      Salvin-Oodman  ColL 

k-OT.  d  9  >d.  sk.    Corpus  Christi,  Texas,  June,      Salrin-Godm&n  Coll. 
Oct,,  Dec.  [F.  B.  Armitrmff). 
Teias  {F.  B.  A.).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


Anas  diaxi,  J^Jffia.  Auk,  1886,  p.  332  (Puebla,  Mexico) ;  F.-Perex, 

Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mui.  1888,  p.  171 ;  S&hw.  ibid. ;  id.  Mm.  N.  Am. 

S.  p.  32  (1887) ;  trf.  ^ujfc,  1889,  p.  264. 

Male.  SIoBt  like  A.  fulvigvia,  Sidgw.,  bat  last  row   of  ving- 

coverte  with  a  distinct  sabterminal  band  of  white,  and  Hecondariee 

with  abroad  termiaal  bar  of  the  same;  general  colour  mach  leaa 

fhlvous;    cheeks  streaked  with  dusky,  and  lower  basal  angle  of 

npper  mandible  without  black  spot.     Wing  10  inches,  tail  4,cnlinfflL 

2-05,  tereuB  1-60.  {^Ridgway.) 

FemaU.  Similar,  bnt  somewhat  smallei. 
Hob.  Mexico. 
fl.  5  ad.  Bk.         Puebla,  May  {Ferrari-Perez).         Salvin-Godmaa  Coll. 

9.  Anas  abertL 
P  Anas  obscura,  Zamr.  (nee  Gm.)  Mem.  Sod.  Soc.  If.  H.  ii.  p.  814 

(Tepic,  W.  Mexico)  (1874). 

Anas  abeiti,  Ridgw.  Pr.    U.S.  Nat.  Mtu.  i.  p.  260  (Mautlan, 

Meiico)   (1878)  i    B.,  B.,  *   R.  WatefBirdi   N.  Am.  i.  p.  490 

(1884) ;  Sidgu,.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mm.  ix,  p.  173  (1886) ;  id.  Mm. 

N.  Am.  B.  p.  02  (1887). 

Adult  female.  "  Size  of  Qturquedula  diteort  and  eytau^Ura,  bot  in 

coloration  closely  rpsembling  A.  fvlvigula.    Prevailing  colour  ochra- 

oeouB  huff,  but  this  everywhere  relieved  by  brownish-black  spots 

or  streaks.     Head,  neck,  and  lower  parts  streaked,  the  streaks  finest 

on  the  neck  and  ndes  of  the  head,  broadest  on  the  jugolum  and 

crissam,  which  is  somewhat  tinged  with  rusty,  and  asstuaing  the 

form  of  oblong  spote  on  the  abdomen,  thighs,  and  anal  region  ; 

throat  immacnlate.      Back,  scapulars,  and  rump  with  the  blackifii 

predominatiiis  ;     tlif^    fcatbera    bordered    with    ochre 


27. 


205 


"In  addition  t«  the  charactore  given  above,  it  may  be  mentioned 
that  there  ib  a  distinct  indication  of  a  narrow,  dusky,  postooular 
streak,  nnd  of  a  wider  and  less  distinct  loral  stripe,  thua  separating 
a  light  superciliary  stripe  from  the  tight  colour  oF  the  cheeks.  The 
lining  of  the  wing  and  the  axillar  ore  pure  white,  the  latt-er  with  a 
tegr^ation   of  dusky    spots    near    the    carpo-metacarpal  joint." 

Hah.  Mazatlan,  Sfcsico. 


» 


10.  Anas  lu2oiuca. 
Anas  luzonicft,  Friufr,  P.  Z.  S.  1S30,  p.  113  (Luzon) ;  Q.  R.  Gr.  Lut 

B.  Br^.  Mm.  iii.  p.  136  (1&44) ;  id.  Oen.  B.  iii.  p.  Olfi.  n.  7  (1 S4S) ; 

Frater,  Zool.   Tup.  pi.  67  (1849);  &4n*.   Syn.   Ae.,   Natalotea. 

t  04.  f.  2346  (IKO)  (cr  Fra»er) ;  Bp.  Ompt.  Rend,  xliii.  p.  619, 

n.  70  (185li) ;   iMorf.  /.  /.  O.  1868,  p.  30;  Schlea.  Mta.  P.-B., 

AnaercA,  p.  43  (1866) ;  But.  Sun.  Anal,  p,  9n  (1869) ;  O.  R'  Or. 

Bmtd-M,  in.  p.  82,  n.  10626  (1871) ;  HaHl.  ^  Fimeh,  P.  Z.  S. 

1873,  p.  108 ;  Gieh.  TheM.  Orn.  L  p.  366  (1872) ;   H'ald.  Tr.  Zaol. 

Soe.  ix.  p.  242  (1875) ;  Sharpr,  Tr.  tinn.  Soc.  (2)  Zool.  i.  p.  354 

(1876):  Twtftd.  On,.  Worlai,  p.  401  (1881);   TTarttf,  Born*,  op. 

«(.  p.  660  (1881);  KHaer,  J. /.  O.  1882,  p.   178;   Rcknur.  Or*. 

Ontralbl.  1882,  p.  19;   Steere,  Lut  B.  ^  M.  PhOlppinft,  p.  27 

(Guimaras.   Marinduque,    Siquijor)    (1890):     Grant,  Ru,  1895, 

p.  117, 
Anas  lllconicl^  Fimch^  J.f.  0.  1870,  p.  368. 

Adtiit.  Ouneral  plum.ige  brownish  grey,  almost  nnifonn,  without 
any  dark  markings  in  the  centre  of  the  feathers :  ujiper  part  of  the 
head  and  upper  part  of  the  nape  blackish  brown ;  soperciliary  stripe, 
mdee  of  the  hi'ad,  throat,  and  sides  of  tbu  upper  part  of  the  neck 
rafons ;  a  blackish-brown  band  runs  across  the  eyce  &ora  the  lores 
to  the  occiput;  back  dark  grey,  changing  into  brown  on  the  rump 
and  upper  tail-coverta ;  speculum  glossy  green,  bounded  anteriorly 
by  a  velvety-black  bund  at  the  tip  o(  the  greater  wing-coverts  and 
by  a  narrower  white  one  at  the  tip  of  the  last  row  of  the  median 
upper  wing-coverts ;  posteriorly  the  speculum  is  boandcd  by  a 
velvety-black  subapical  band,  and  by  a  narrow  apical  white  band ; 
under  wing-ooverts  and  asillarics  white  :  undcrparte  brownish 
grey,  deepening  into  brown  on  the  under  tail-coverts  ;  tail  brown  : 
colours  of  the  bill  and  feet  not  recorded,  but  apparently  dark 
olire.  Total  length  about  30  inches,  wing  !)'8,  tail  4'5,  culmen  2, 
t*nus  1-7. 

Toung.  8imilar  to  the  adults,  only  much  paler  on  the  head  and 


throat,  which  ore  scarcely  tinged  i 
bright,  and  with  some  purple  retleuons. 
Bfab.  Philippines. 

a.  Ad.sk.  MsDilla. 

Ad.  et         Manilla. 


ifouB ;  the  Bpecolum  less 


Eyton  Coll.     {Type  of 
the  (pecie«.) 

Cuming  Coll. 


Mdnillo  (Maitlattd  Ueriol).        Tweeddale  ColL 


11.  Anaa  snpercilioaa. 
Sttpercilioiu  Duck,  LaA.  8m.  iii.  2,  p.  497  (1786) ;  id.  Oen.  Hitl.  x. 

p.  327  (1824). 
Anu  BuperdiioM,  Om.  8.  N.  i.  p.  537,  n.  Ill  (1788)  (Nova  Sb»- 

laodia)  i   Lath.   lad.   Om.  u.  p.  853,  n.  fit   (1790)  ;  Bonn.  Ene. 

Mftk.  i.  p.  146  (1790);  Beeiitt.  Lath.  Ueben.  iii.  p.  430  {1796), 

iv.  p.  612;    Vieia.  N.  Dkt.  v.  p.  120  (1816) ;    Dum.  Diet.  Se. 

Sat.  -vi.  p.  389  (1817) ;  Stepk.  Qm.  Zooi.  iii.  2,  p.  108  (1824) ; 

Lot.  Tr.  teOm.  p.  633  (1831) ;  Eift.  Man.  Anal.  p.  139  (1838) ; 

Frater,  P.  Z.  8.  1839,  p.  114;  Mull.  Va-h.  Land-  en  FbttenA. 

pp.  159,  178  (1839^44)  (Timor,  Java)  ;  Hartl.   Yen.   Oti.  Mut. 

p.  119  (1844) ;  O.  R.  Gr.  List  B.  Bnt.  M«».  iii.  p.  13S  (1844)  ; 

U.  Oen.   B.  iii  p.  615,  n.  4  (1845) ;   Omiid,  B.  Aattr.  vii.  pi.  9 

(pt  iz.,  1645) ;  Peak,  Un.  St.  Espl.  Erp.  sp.  162  (1848) ;  Schnb. 

Syn.  Av.,  NatatoreB,  t.  85.  ff.  913-914  (1845),  t.  94.  f.  2347  (1850) ; 

Bfyth,  Cat.  B.  Mui.  A.  S.  B.  p.  304,  n.  1772  (1849) ;  ScAnb.  Vog. 

jViruAoa.n.  311  (1861);  fliir«.  fTteyw.^rcA.  1862,  i.pp.  122,  136; 

MacgiU.  Narr.  Voy.  RaUUm.  p.  328  (1852);  id.  J./.  O.  1854, 

p.  169 ;  LieAt.  Nomend.  Av.  p.  101  (1854) ;  Bp.  Compt.  Send. 

xliU.  p.  649,  n.  68  (excl.  TOr.  a)  (1866)  ;  Cai*.  U.S.  Expl.  Exped^ 

Mamm.  4"  Om.  p.  339  (1858) ;    Q.  S.  Gr.  P.  Z.  S.  1859,  p.  166 

(New  OaledoDis) ;  Peb.  Sitzb.  Ak.  Wien,  xli.  p.  331  (Noriolk  I.) 

(I860);  iAw,  I860,  p.422;   Verr.  Sf  De»  Mun,  Bev.  el  Mag.  Zoot. 

1860.  p.  442  (New  Caledooifi) ;  8cUU.  P.  Z.  S.  1861,  p.  371  (Zool. 

Gard.)  i    O.  R.  Or.  IbU,  1862,  p.  241 ;  Netot.  Ibii,  1862,  p.  285 ; 

WaU.  P.  Z.  S.  1863,  p.  487  (Timor) ;  Jouan,  Mtm.  Soo.  CTeri.  ii. 

p.  242  (1863) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  8.  1864,  p.  9  (Huaheine) ;    WoodAoute, 

aid.  p.  Hi  Selat.  ibid.  p.  487;  Hartt.  Ibis,  1864,  p.  232  (flji 

Id.) ;  BtdUr,  Eu.  Om.  N.  Zeal,  p,  18  (1866) ;  FiwteA,  Neu-Grdn. 

p.  183  (1865) ;  Ooidd,  Handb.  B.  Amtr.  ii.  p.  363  (1865) ;  Ramt. 

Ibit,  1866,  p.  336;  Selat.  P.  Z.  S.  1866,  p.  418  (Zool.  Gari); 

&AL7.  Mm.  P.-£.,  AiuiereB,p.42(1866)i  Hector,  Hew  Zeal.  Eiy. 

7(1866);    i'lWeA,  J./.  O.  1(^7,  pp.  sail,  037;    Hutt.  Tbti, 

370 ;  Uartl.  P.  Z.  S.  1807,  p.  832 ;  F.  ^  B.  Om.  Central- 


27.  iSA8. 


207 


n.  213  (1879) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  8. 1880,  pp.  617,  636 ;  LfffffH,  B.  Cft/l. 
p.  1074  (1860) ;  Fiaich,  Vof.  CkaU.,  Birdi,  p-  52  (1881) ;  Meyr:r, 
Ta-h,  x.-i.  Get.  Wim,  1881,  p.  767  (Sumba);  Seham.  Om. 
OaaraUil  1882.  p.  IS;  id.  Viig.  loot.  Gdrt.  p.  H)  (1882); 
Layard,  Ibit,  1882,  pp.  S37, 644 ;  atibte'Edwardi,  Ann.  Sc.  Nat., 
Zoot.  (vi.)  iiii.,  A^^  4,  p.  41  (18S2) ;  Satvad.  Ann.  Mm.  Civ. 
Gen.  xviii.  p.  401,  n.  6  (1882) :  id.  Om.  Pap.  e  Mol.  tii.  p.  394 
(ISaS) ;  Bin.  Man.  B.  Nnc  Zeal.  p.  m  (1882) ;  Ram».  Pr.  Linn. 
&>e.  y.  S.  W.  vii.  p.  41  {Solomon  lal.)  (1882) ;  mat.  U»t  Vtrt. 
An.  8th  ed.  p.  431  (lQ6X;  Mej/er.  Sitxb.  u.  Abh.  Get.  hit,  1884, 
Abh.  i.  p.  57  (Celebes) ;  Legge,  Pr.  R.  8oe.  Tium.  188B,  p.  244 
(Tasmanw)  (1887);  ,  Ram*.  Pr.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  Jf.  (2)  i. 
p.  1162  (1887);  Grant,  P.  Z.  S.  1888,  p.  187  (Solomon  Isl.); 
Hum*.  Tab.  Lid,  p.  22.  n,  668,  p,  38,  n.  45  (Lord  Howe  and 
Korfolk  IbI.)  (1888) ;  Bulkr,  S.  1/ew  Zeal.  2nd  ed.  ii.  p  261 
(18S8) ;  Smith,  JVon*.  N.  Z.  In>i.  xn.  1888,  p.  221  (Lake  Brunner, 
N.  Zealand)  (1889) ;  IfortA,  Cat.  Neit»  j-  Eppi,  p.  S41  (1889) ; 
TVt'ifr.  Ojt.  Coll.  B.  p.  60  (Samoa  and  Uuaebine  bl.)  (1689) ; 
VordTm.  N.  T.  X.  I.  xlii.  p.  419  (Sumatra,  Java)  (1889); 
Sahad.  Meia.  R.  Ace.  Tor.  (ji,)  xlii.  p.  64  {Agg.  Om.  Pap.  e 
Mol.  p.  210)  (1801) ;  ?  CheeKman,  Tram.  N.  Z.  Itul.  xjdii.  1890, 
p.  221  (Keniiadec  Isl.)  (1891) ;  Sarttrt,  Kat.  Vogelaammi.  p.  230 
(JaTa)  (1601) ;  WigUra.  AvaPolyn.v.7G{\1Si\);  Meyer,  J.f.  O. 
1862,  p.  265;  ForUi,  /6i>,  1803,  p.  643  (Chatham  Id,);  Trittr. 
this.  1894,  p.  31  (Santa  Omt,  Solomoti  Isl.). 

Anai  leucopbrjs,  Fortl.  (nee  VieiU.)  Deter.  An.  {ed.  Lieht.)  p.  93 
(1844). 

hBaBm.,G.  R.  Gr.GiH.  B.'xn.  v.iSlQ.D.'il  {lUS)  (ex  S.  MiUUVerh. 

^l;^). 

Anas  mulleri,  Bp.  Compt.   Bend.  xOu.  p.  619,  n,  09  (1856)  (Java,. 

■nmor). 
Anas  supercUiosa,  var.,  G.  R.  Gr.  Cat.  B.  Trap,  III.  p,  64  (1850). 
¥  Anae  supefcilioga,  vta.  peleneneia,  Bartl.  Sf  Fintch,  P.  Z  S.  1872, 

p.  108. 
Anas  pelewenria,  S.  *  F.  MSS.  ;  FineeA,  Joum.  Mm.  Godeffr.  Heft 

Tiii.  p.  40  (1875)  ■  ;  a.   P.  Z.  S.  1877,  p.  738;    Sc/ijneUz,  Ethn. 

Abth.  Mus.  Godeffr.  1881,  p.  407  (note). 
Anaa  superoiliaria,   "Om."   (enore),   Layard,   Ibit,   1880,   p.    233 

( Loyal  t}'  lel.). 

Hybrid. 

Anaa  aunerciliotisx  Domestic  Duck,  Kingil.  Trant,  N.  Z.  hut.  xxt. 
1802,  p.  107(1883). 

Admit  male.  General  plumago  above  and  below  brown,  the 
feathen  narrowly  edged  with  ochreous  buff;  upper  part  of  the  bead 
&nd  a  band  &om  the  forehead  through  the  eye«  to  the  occiput  browu- 
black ;  lapercilisry  stripe  and  a  band  from  the  haae  uf  the  upper 


jecimea  IVom  the  Pelew  Iilands.  in  the  Hamburg 
MiBaun,  for  the  losn  oF  wbiob  I  bate  to  thank  the  director  Dr.  Kniepelini 
and  I  auila  tigtt«  with  Dr.  Fineub,  wlio  baa  rvougniied  liiat  the  Pelew  Uland 
Utd.  ulliough  mtallor.  like  thuie  from  the  Fiji,  ii  not  diSerent  from  the  irua 
A  mptrtiUoia. 


mandible  tlirongli  the  cheeks,  chin,  and  throat  pale  buff  immacn- 
late ;  a  dark  band  formed  of  small  hlaokiBh  streaks  runs  from  the 
gape  to  the  ear-coverta ;  upper  part  of  the  aides  of  the  neck  pale 
buff,  minutely  streaked  with  brown;  a  pole  brown  band  along  the 
nape;  wings  brown;  specnlum  on  the  secondaries  glossy  green, 
bordOTcd  anteriorly  by  a  black  band  at  the  tip  of  the  greater  wing- 
coverts,  and  posteriorly  by  another  black  band  with  a  narrow  white 
edge  at  the  tip  of  the  secondariee  ;  onter  web  of  the  outer  tertials 
black ;  nnder  wiug-coTcrta  and  anllaries  white ;  ramp  and  npper 
teil-coTorts  blackish  brown  ;  teil-fcathers  brown,  with  narrow  pale 
edges :  hill  plumbeous,  with  the  nail  black  ;  feet  and  toes  yellowish 
brown,  the  membrane  dusky  brown.  Total  length  abont  24  inches, 
wing  10-75,  tail  4-4,  ciilmen  2-25,  tarsus  1-65. 

Female,  Similar  to  the  male. 

Specimens  from  Timor,  Felew,  Fiji,  and  Samoa  Islands  are 
decidedly  smaller  than  those  from  Australia  and  New  Zealand. 

Sab.  From  Java  and  Timor  te  Southern  New  Guinea,  Australia, 
New  Zealand  subregion  and  Polj-nesia,  inclndiug  the  Pelew 
Islands. 

Dr.  H.  0.  Forbes  [P.]. 
A.R.WaIIac6,Esq.[G.]. 


k.  Ad.  St. 
I.  Ad.  sk. 
m.  S  ad.  sk. 
n,  o.  Ad.  sk. 


Australia. 
Australia. 
Australia. 
Australia    {Oockereli    if 

Thorpe). 
W.  AuBtralia. 


Lady  Carrington  [P.T. 
Sir  G.  Grey  [P.]- 
H.  J.  Elwea,  Esq.  [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Governor  of  W.  Aus- 
tralia [P.], 
J.  B.  Jutes,  Esq,  [P.]. 
Tweeddale  Coll. 


12.  Anas  pcecUoiliyiicha. 
Ahm  ptecilorhvncbn.  Font,  in   Penn.  Zaol.  Ind.   |i.  S'l,  t.  :tiii.  T,   1 

(Ceylon)  (I7dl);  Lath.  Ind.  Or».  ii.  p.  S50.  a.  47  (17!W);  Ltst. 

Tr.  (TOrn.  p.  63.1,  n,  64ll'^lt:  Gray  ^  Hardtr,  III.  Jnd.  Zool.\. 

jri.  67  (lHaVW) :  a.  R.  Or.  Oen.  B.  iu  p.  CIS.  d,  2(1**^')  i  W- 

Gri.  JTorfjp*.  Cofl,  B.  M.  p.  145  {1846) ;  Blyth,  Cat.  B.  Mm.  A.  S. 

B.  p.  aw,  n.  1473  (ISiO):  lichnb.  San.  ^d.,  Natolores,  t.  94. 

f.  2348  (1850)   (er  Gr.  4-  Hardw.) :  SelaaH,  Prodr.  Col.  p.  ISO 

(1852) :  ifiyoi-rf,  ^nn.  ^  Afaj,.  A'^.  If.  riv.  p.  1>«9  { 18.>t) ;  *  Lirht. 

A'omencl.  Av.  p.  lOt  (Kafft^rlHDO  !)  (1854) ;  Adamt,  P.  Z.  S.  1858, 

p.  filO  (Indus) ;  G.  B.  Gr.  liit.  Ilodgt.  Coll.  B.  M.  2nd  ed.  p.  77 

(1863);  Jerd.  B.  of  lid.  m.  p.  7i>9  (1864);  ScU<y.  Miu.  P.-B.. 

An*eK»,p.4S(put.](1866]i  Eyt.Svn-Anat.^.QiilWXi);  Selat. 

P.Z.8.  187a,  p.  720  (ZoqI.  Qtrd.);  Gxdi.  TAft.  Orn.  L  p.  3(X) 

(1872)  (ayn.  emend.);  Holdm.  P.  Z.  S.  1672,  p.  479;  Hume,  Sir. 

FMtk.  i.  p.  2tH  (1873);  Adam,aid.  p,  402;  Ugge,  Ibu.  1875, 

p.  407  (Cavlon):    Blyth,  B.  Bitnna,  p.    \'V)    (AxakAn,  Bhamo, 

TenuHrim^  (1875) ;  Ilumt  ^  DavU.  Str.  Featk.  iv.  p.  489  (1878) ; 

AnOtn.   Ytmrt.  Eriied.  p,  61)9  (1879);   Hume,  Str.  Feath.  ta. 

0.607(1879),  viii.  p.  116.  n.  900  (1870) ;  Hume  ^  Mar  A.  Gamf 

».i//w£.iil.  p.  168,  pL  22(1880);  Srlat.F.Z.$.  1880.  p.  618; 

Lent,  B.  of  Ceyl.  p.  1073  ( 1880) ;  Stlinu!.  Orti.  Cmtralbl.  1882, 

n.  10;  id.'yii,.  tool.  Girt.  p.  51  (188S) ;  Satv.  Cat.   B.  iSlnekl. 

ihU.  p.  534  (1882) :  Oatn,  B.  Brit.  Barm.  ii.  p.  S83  (183.1) ; 

&W.  li*t  Vrrt.  An.  8lh  ed.  p.  431  (1883) ;  Salvad.  Ann.  Mum. 

Cie.  Gm.  (2)  iv.  p.  516  (Bhamo)  (1887);  Trintr.  Cat.  CoU.  B. 

p.  49  (1889) ;  Hume,  SesU  ij-  Egg»  (Oatti'  ed.),  p.  289  (1890) ; 

JlarUrt,  Kat.  VogeUamnd.  p.  230  (1801). 
Spotted-billBd  Duch,  L<dh.  Syn.  iii.  2,  p.  487,  n.  40  (1786). 
Adiu  pcekilorhynclia,  Om.  S.  y.  i.  2,  p.  535,  n.   105  (1788) ;  Bona. 

£hc.  Milk.  i.  p.  144.  nl.  34.  C  2  (IiOO);  J)„m.  Diet.  Sc.  Nol.  vi. 

p.  379  11817);  O.  B.  Gr.  Uand-lut.  iii.  p.  82,  n.   10643  (1871); 

Hume,  SeaU  Jj-  Eggt  lad.  B.  p.  643  (1873) ;   BtdL  Str.  Feath.  iv. 

p.  29  (1874)  ;  Hun-e,  ilnd. 
At»M  enthrofhyncha,  VUiU.  {nee  Gm.)  N.  0.  v.p.  108  (part,)  (1816), 
Marecn  poecilnrhynchft,  Stepk.  Gen.  Zool.  xa.  2,  i>.  134  (1824) ;  S«ke$, 

P.Z.S.  18.12,  p.  166,  n.  218, 
Anas  pBcilorh^cha,  Egt.  M<m.  Anat.  p.   138  (1838);  G.  R  Gr. 

Lit<  B.  Brit.  Mu*.  iii.   p.   \m  (1844);  By.  Compl.  Bend.  xUii. 

p.  604,  n.  67{186fi|. 
TMdonmf  puii:ilorhyncba,  Jerd.  Madr.  Jom-v.  x\\.   p.  221,  n.  387 

(1840). 
P'ChaiilHlnsmus  strepenw,  SUiUrzka  frrw  nurf,),  J.A.S.  B.  sli.  1, 

p.  265  (1872)  (<•/.  Hume.  Str.  Feath.  tv.  j..  2t>). 

AtluU  mate.  Upper  part  of  the  head  and  a  broad  Uand  from  tbe 
Idkm  tliruugh  ibt)  eyes  to  some  distance  IicUind  them  dark  bron-u  : 
■apwrcilinr}'  striijo,  aides  uf  the  bead,  and  upper  part  of  the  neck 
iloll  whitisb,  roinutdy  streaked  with  dark  hrovn  ;  throal  iminacu- 
lata ;  back  and  acapulani  greyish  brown,  each  Icatbi-r  cdg;od  wilb 
pole  browD  ;  loner  back,  rump,  upper  and  under  tail-covt'rls  brown- 
black  ;  breast  aud  abdomen  fulvous  white,  s|iotted  tlirou^hont  wiih 
Ttnind  brown  marks  wi^U  defined ;  lower  abdomen  changing  into 
dark  brown  ;  upper  wing-coverts  dark  grey,  with  lighter  edges ; 
tbe  lost  row,  or  greater  ones,  with  a  subterminal  white  baud  iiad 


310  ivaiDX. 

a  terminal  one  velvety  black,  bordering  the  glossy  green  speculum, 
which  is  bordered  posteriorly  by  a  subterminal  velvety  black  band 
and  an  apical  one  ftt  tbe  tip  of  the  secondaries  ;  tertiaries  brown, 
but  the  outer  ones  mostly  white  on  the  outer  web  ;  primaries  brown ; 
under  wing-coverts  and  axiUaries  white ;  tail  brown,  the  ccnlral 
feathers  velvety  black  with  a  green  lustre,  each  feather  with  the 
eJge  of  the  outer  web  pale:  "iris  reddish  brown;  bill  black,  tip 
chrome-yellow,  the  nail  black  ;  baseof  thoculmen  yellow  "  (Ltgge): 
"  mandible  at  the  forehead  red"(Oa(M):  "  tip  of  the  tower  mnn- 
dible  yellow ;  legs  and  feet  orange-yellow ;  claws  black  "  {L^gge). 
Total  length  about  24  inches,  wing  11,  tail  5,  culmen  2-25,  tarsus 
1-75. 

Female.  Similar  to  the  male,  bat  somewhat  smaUer  ;  wing  about 
10  inches. 

Toang.  Wants  the  red  at  the  base  of  the  upple  mandible  (Oalf*\ 
and  besides  it  is  much  less  spotted  on  the  underparts,  where  ihe 
breast  is  unspotted  white ;  the  dark  spots  on  the  lower  neck  and  on 
the  abdomen  are  much  smaller. 

ffai.  India  and  Ceylon  ;  it  extends  to  Independent  Burmah  ; 
rarely,  if  ever,  iu  Pegu  and  Tenasserim. 

a.  Juv.  sk.  India.  Tweeddale  Coll. 

b-e.  (f  £ad.  sk.     R.  Jhelum,   above  Jung,  Hume  Coll. 

April,  Nov.  [A.  O.  S.). 

f.  5  ad.  sk.  Chenab  R.,  Dec  {A.  O.  S.).  Hume  Coll. 

ff.  (j  ad.  sk.  Ranepoor,  Sindh,  Feb.  India  Museum  [P.]. 

i.  Ad.  sk.  Birdhar,  Kattiawar,  Dec.  Uould  Coll. 

1.  Ad.  sk.  Funiaub,  Feb.  Hume  Coll, 

/c-o.  (f  $  ad.  et     Sambhur,  July,  Aug.,  Dec  Hume  ColL 

imm.  sk.  {R.  M.  Adam), 

p.  $  ad.  sk.  Sambhur,    Jan.    {JL   M.  Tweeddale  Coll. 

Adam). 


HlDRtD. 

Anas  ptrcilorhyneha  X  -i-  6o*i"(i«. 
Ad.  St.  [In  confinement.]  T.  H,  Powell,  Esq.  [P.^. 

13.  Anas  zonorhynclia. 

AnM  iJWcilotlivticlia,  llrhn/i.  {ifr.  Funt.)  .Siin.  Ar.,  Nulalore?.  t.  111. 
f.  1061  (I84S)  1  Trmm.  *  SfkUo-  FauH.  Jap.,  Aftt,  p.  lafi,  pi.  Bd 
(1860);  Ji!<»bi&.  Syn.  ^ »..  Natatores,  t.  100.  f.  2763  (1850)  {ex 
Trmin.  ^  SehUg.)  :  SadiU,  Rcl$.  S.  O.-Sibir.  n.  p.  364  11863): 
Sinink.  £>.  Z.  S.  mi,  p.  Ul>4  iCllina) ;  uf.  Ibu,  1B63,  p.  4S4  (For- 
mou) !  ^A^.  .ViH.  P.-fi.,  Aiueres,  p.  m,  p.  42  (part.,  sp<<ciiu.  1), 
4,R,JapMi)(186Ul;  !>  Jocz.  J./ O.1870,  p.312  (Uauria) ;  Hvmey. 
aid.  p.  431  (E.  Sibir.  &.  Amuri.)  ;  A.  JtavH,  A".  AreA.  Mm..  Bull, 
ml  Cat.  n.  446  (1871)  f  JM/b.  J.f.  O.  1878,  p.  lOtf  iK  aiberia), 
1674,  p.  336. 

Ahm  Eonorhvncbs,  SwinA.  IMs,  180)!,  p.  Sa4  (Ningpo) ;  id.  P.  Z.  S. 
WIO,  p.  4L>7  (Caatiin),  1871,  p.  417  (Uhiiw);  ff.  «.  Gr.  Hitnd- 
lUt.  lii.  p.  82,  n.  I<XH4  (1871);  Girb.  Thai.  Om.  i.  p.  S6G  (1»7-'] ; 
Stcinh.  Ibit,  1873,  p.  367,  1874,  p.  1«4  (Hakodadi)  ;  TaFz.  Suit. 
Soc.Zouf.Fr.  1877,  p.  4.5  J  David  ^  Otul.Oie.  d'W,  p.  496(1877); 
Blak.  ^  Pryrr,  IhiM,  1878,  p.  213  (Jflpnn);  Fijn.  Soiclry'i  Om. 
JtfMC.  m.  p.  103  (S,E.  Monp>lift)  (1878);  ScM.F.Z.S.  1880, 
p.  618 ;  ScAmc.  Om.  Cmfralbt.  IbSL',  p.  1« ;  Blak.  ^  Fryer,  Tr. 
A*.  Soe.  Jap.  x.  p.  96  (Kuriles)  (188:>)i  J<my,  Fr.  U.S.  Nal.  Mut. 
*i.  p.  318  (1883);  SHyon,  P.  if.  S.  1887,  p.  2  (egg) ;  Toa.P.ZS. 
1888,  p.  458  (Corea) :  Scrih.  Birdt  Japan.  Etitp.  p,  243  (1800) 


m,  Ibii,  \m\.  pp.  328, 49<t ;  Seebi.  Ibii.  XifU'I, p.  96  (Tsu 
lie  la  ToHclte,  Ond.  p.  491  (Cliinn). 


la); 


Aduil  viaU.  Eesemliles  the  male  of  A.  panlorhijnxha.  Upper 
port  of  Uio  head  and  a  hroad  stripe  from  the  lores  through  the  e}es 
b)  BOme  distance  behind  them  dark  broirn ;  superoiUary  stripe,  sides 
of  the  head,  and  throat  whitish  ;  from  the  gape  towarda  the  eyes  a 
•lightly  indicnted  dusky  band,  formed  by  dasky  streaks ;  upper 
ports  brown,  the  back  and  suspulare  paler,  with  the  edges  of  the 
Icalhera  pale  greyish ;  nimp  und  upper  tail'featbers  uniform  dark 
brown  ;  lower  part  of  the  fore  neck  and  upper  breast  dull  whilieh 
baff,  with  the  centres  of  the  fculhera  dosky ;  lower  breast  and 
ftbdumeD  almost  uniform  brown,  deepening  into  black-brown  on 
th«  n&der  tail-coTerta  ;  wings  brown ;  spocidam  glossy  blue,  moro 
nr  \e»  with  a  green  lustre,  bordered  anteriorly  aud  posteriorly  by 
two  Tclrely  black  bands ;  the  tip  of  the  secondaries  narrowly  edged 
with  white  ;  tiirtiala  brown,  with  only  the  apical  part  of  the  outer 
veb  white ;  tail  brown,  the  edges  of  the  feathers  whitish :  bill 
black,  with  the  apical  portiuu,  except  the  tip  of  the  nail,  yellow, 
DO  red  apols  at  the  base  ;  feet  light  bright  red,  the  web  slightly 
-  ■'~'-  I  uidea  yellowish  brown  (HoUt).  Total  length  about  23 
wing  11-6,  tiul  4-d,  culmen  2-2,  tnrsua  1'75, 
.  Smaller  and  paler,  the  feathers  of  tlie  breast  for  a  greutor 
a  than  in  the  male  hsTing  broader  whitish  edges. 

Knuu;.  Paler  even  tbao  the  lemale,  with  aniiUler  dusky  spots  on 
tLv  UDderpart« ;  the  edges  of  the  upper  wing-coverts  pale ;  a  broad 


subapical  white  band  acrou  the  greater  wtDg-corerts,  and  the  ooter 
web  of  the  tertials  for  the  greater  part  white. 

Hoi.  China,  Uougolia,  and  Eastern  Siberia ;  Japan  and  Kurilee. 


a.  Ad.  Bk. 
b,c,d.  Ad.Bk. 

ak. 
A.  d  ad.  ek. 
I.  Ad.  Bk. 
;t-.  Ad.  sk. 
i.Z»i.  Bk. 
m.  Ad.  sk. 

0.  Ad.  St 


No  locality. 
China  [Tnckftt). 
ShaiurhM,    China,    March, 

Not.  [R.  Swinhoe). 
Shan pb at,  China,  Not. 
Kiukiang,  Cbina,  Feb. 
Canton,  China. 
Naf^asaki,  Japan,  Dec. 
Yokohama,  Japan  (ff.  Pryer). 
Kechi  village,  Teu-sbima, 

Feb.  {P.  A.  HoUt). 
Ilakodadi,  Japan. 
Hakocladi,  Japan. 


Tweeddale  Coll. 
Tweeddale  ColL 
Seebohm  CoU.     (Typea 

of  the  specie*.) 
R.  Swinhoe,  £sq.  [C.]. 
F.  W.  Stvan,  Esq.  [P.]. 
Tweeddale  ColL 
F.  Ringer,  Esq.  [P.]. 
Seebohm  CoU, 
Seebohm  Coll. 

H.  Whitelv,  F^.  [CI. 
II.  Wbitelj,  Esq.  [C.]. 


14.  Ana*  andnlata. 

Anag  flaviroBtris,  8miA  {nee  VUiU,),  Cat.  S.  Afr.  Mu$.  p.  S 


in  Lefebvre,  Voy.  Abyse.  p.  171  (1845-50) ;  Bp.  Compt.  Send,  iliii. 
p.  640,  n.  65  (igflU) ;  Heugl.  SyH.  Ueber,.  n.  697  (1866) ;  id.  J.f.  O. 
1862,  pp.  293,  306,  1863,  p.  4 ;  Pek.  Heite  N<rvara,  Vogel,  p.  138 
{Cape)(18(16);Xoyanf,.B,S.vV^,  p.  852(1867);  Gum.  iftw,  1868. 
p.  48  (Natal) ;  Hengl.  Bate  nach  Abeit.  1861-69,  pp.  286,  317 
(1868)  ;  Chapm.  Trao.  S.  Afr.,  App.p.  422  (1868);  Bocage,Jom. 
Ac.Sc.  IM.  1888,  p.  50;  Hmgt.  PeUrm.  Geogr.  Mitth.  1869, 
p.  417  ;  Eyt.  Syn.  Artat.  p.  98  (1809) ;  Bianf.  Geol.  ^  Zoal. 
Abyu.  p.  437  (1870);  Fiiuch,  Tr.  Zool.  Soc.  Tii.  p.  329  (1870) ; 
Boca^c,  Jurn.  Ac.  .Sc.  LUI..  1(<7U,  p.  *51  ;  Bii-kl.  IbU.  1874. 
p.  ;i90  (K_ala\);/'Uc/ier,7^UicAr.  get.Orn.  1SS4,  p^  3M  (MjBailaad). 


27.  AB«.  213 

fSitil.  Ibu,  1894,  p.  476  (I'lJnmbi  Itiver) ;  Jkhnw.  fiig.  DeultcA- 

Ost-4fr.  ^.  liii  (l^m). 

Aoaa  cajwnsis,  ZiicAt.  [nee  Ont.)  Vcn.  Sdufftth.  u.  Viig.  p,  20,  n,  251, 

3o3(Kallerl)  (lg41>);  i^.r'tt  Jnrtt.ZfMcr.^n.  p,  4a(D0le)  (1S44): 

?£i  A'onumf/.  ^n.  p.  JOI  (1854), 
Anaerneppelli,  A/yfA,  J.  ^.  A.  A.  xiv.  p.  36S(lSfie);  trj.  iMr,  1^7, 

[LlTO(  =  HaviroBlrui,«mi/A);  Jfrd.  B.  i^f  Ind.  iii.  p.  SOO  (IBIM) ; 

Gifb.  The*.  Om.  i.  p.  :«ll  (1871*). 
(JaerqueduU  laulhoriiTncha,  A'Aarpe,  Ibit,  1892,  p.  641  (Hfiehnko). 

Adult  mnlf.  Dork  brown  above  vith  narrow  pale  eilgcs,  bvlow 
the  edges  of  the  feuthera  are  broader  and  whiter ;  head  rntber  dark, 
the  light  edges  being  very  narrow  ;  also  the  upper  wing-ooverls 
with  narrow  light  edges  ;  wing-s[w.'culum  very  broad,  oi'  a  metallic 
green  with  a  bluish  gloss,  bounded  ant«riorly  and  posteriorly  by 
two  bands,  one  velvety  black  and  the  other  white ;  outer  tvrtials 
velvety  black  on  the  outer  web;  under  wing-coverW  whitish; 
axillariea white;  tail-feathers  dark  brown,  with  narrow  pale  edges: 
"  irides  cbestDut ;  bill  yellow,  with  a  long  loDgitudiual  patch  on 
the  culmen,  and  the  aail  black;  feet  black  "  (jlnftnori),  "  tinged 
with  yellow"  (Aifres).  Total  length  about  20  inches,  wing  10'75, 
tail  4'd,  culmen  'J,  tarsus  1'55. 

Ftmal^.  Similar  to  the  male. 

Hab.  South  Africa,  Eastern  Africa  as  far  noilli  as  Abyssinia,  and 
WMt«m  Africa  aa  fur  north  as  Angola. 


Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

ft,  e.  Ad.  tk.        Port  Natal  {T.  Avrf). 
4.  Ad.  nil.  Movi    it.,    Notai;    .May 

«.  Ad.ak.  TrsnavaaL 

/.  Ad.  aU  Transvaal  Republic. 

f,Ad£ad.ik.     PotchefstToom,    Aug.    (7*. 

li,  *.  Ad,  sk.  PotchefBtroom, 

i:  $  ad.  sk,  Near    Pretoria,   June   {_F. 

Oateif. 


m,n.<ii»i. 


Pnlombi  it.,  NvaMa-land, 

Aujr.  (A.  H'Ayto). 
Shoa  I  ham's). 
Angollalab,  May  (Hiirrii). 
.\gula,  Aby^iua,  May. 

Hrasu). 
Anat  nndvlata: 


Sir  A.  Smith.    (Type  of 
A  nntjlavifmlrit.  Smith.) 
Shelley  Coll. 

Shelley  CoU. 

H.  J.  Elwe«,  Esq.  [P.]. 
A.  Foresman,  E^.Yp.'i 
J.  n,  UufDey,  h8q.[P.j. 

F.  A.  Barratt,  E»q.  fP.l 
W.   E.  &  C.  G.  Gates, 

Esqrs.  [P.]. 
H.  H,  Johiwlon,  Esq.,  C.R 

rp.].  ^ 

India  Museum  [P-l- 
India  Museum  [P.J. 
W.T.  Blnnford,  Esq.  [C.]. 

ZooLSoc. 


ohteui-a. 

Zoul.  Sue. 


lo.  Anas  aparsft. 

ith.  Cat.  .S.  Afr.  Mm.  p.  36, 
Anal.  p.  142  (S.  Aft.)  {'. 


S~.  Afr.,  iirJ>,  pi.  07  (pt.   ai/lttiij 
p.  010,  D.  S  (l&M);  JicM.  S^ 


324  (IM7)  (dewr. 
i)  i  Smifh,  m.  2w.(. 
_.  _f.   Or.  Oen.   S.   iii. 
t  110.  ff.  911  (ex  SmifAf, 


979  (1845);  Ourn.  IbU,   1659,  p.  2Q1   (Niital);  Heusl.  J.  f.  O. 

1862,  p.  306;  Kirk,  Ihi*,  1864,  p.  336  (Zambesi) ;  Layard,  B.  «. 

^fr.p.  852(1867;;  Chapm.  Trdr-tna  ^/'r.ii.App.  p.  422(1863); 

Hm^.BeiteruKhAheu.  1861-62,  pp.  29(t,  308  (1868) ;  id.Pittrm. 

Gatgr.  Mitth.  1869,  p.  417;  Evl.  Si/n.  Anal.  p.  99  (1869) ;  Fintek 

«■  Harll.  Vdg.  Oit-A/r.  p.  809  (18/0) ;   O.  A  Or.  Hanilnlitl.  iii. 

p,  82,  n.  10642  {\%~l);  Anderit.  B.  Damara  Land,^.  341  (1872); 

Heiiql.  Orn.  N.O.-Afr.  ii,  2,  p,   1317  (1873);  Ayrei,  IhU,  1874, 

p.  105  (Transvaal),  1876,  p.  433,  1p80,  p.  273  (Tranavafti) ;   Sdat. 

P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  516;  Bchnie.  Orn.  Ontralhl.  18s2,  p.  19;  BttIL, 

Ffild.,  *  Reid,  Zoohff.  1882,  p.  427  (Nutalj  (1882) ;  Holub,  Britr. 

Orn.  Siidafr.  p.  330  (1882);  Sharpe,  Lai/ard'a  B.  S.  Afr.  p.  756 

(1884) ;  Sal^^d.  Ann.  Mv*.  Cie.  Gfit.  (2)  i.  p.  244  (Sh<^)  (1884), 

vi.  p.  321   (Shoft)   (1888) ;    Trutr.  Cnt.  OAl  B.  p.  49  (1889) ; 

Hartert,  Kat.  Vogt^mmmL  p.  230  (1891);  Sh^  Ibu,  1894,  p.  28 

(Zomba)  i  Echnm.  Vog.  DeutKh-Oit-A/r.  p.  26  (1894). 
Anas  tlBTiroatris,  O.  E.  Or.  (tuk  Smith),  Litt  B.  Bril.   Mm.  iii. 

p.  137,  speed  (1844). 
Anas    leucostigma,   S^.    &f»t.    Uthen.   pp.    130,    138,  Tnf.    48 

(3.  Abysiinia)  (1845);  Dn  Mart  in  if/More,  Voy.  Abyns..  Oit. 

p.  171  (1845);  Blyth,  J.  A.  8.  B.  xiiv.  p.  265  (1855j ;   Hri^l. 

Syst.  Uebers.   u.  095  (1856):   BIylh,  lbi»,  1807,  p.  176;  Cab.  in 

V.  d.  Decken,  Reism,  iii.  p.  51  (1869). 
Ansa  guttata,  Lickt.  Nomrnd.  Ac.  Mtu.  BeroL  p.  101   (CKQrsnn) 

( 1664) ;  Bp.  Compt.  Bend,  iliii.  p.  649,  n.  66  (1856) ;  Jerd.  B.  of 

Ind.  iii.  p.  600  (1864) ;  S.-Wr?.  Mas.  F.-B.,  Anaeres,  p.  49  (1866) ; 

Gieb.  Tht».  Orn.  i.  p,  353  (1872). 

Adult  male.  Geoeral  plamaf^e  dark  sepia-browD,  the  head  and 
upper  neck  lighter,  having  the  feathers  edged  with  whitiah ;  the 
feathers  of  the  anderparts  with  narrow  pale  edges;  scapulars  and 
tertials  with  one,  two,  or  three  whitish-buff  bars,  interrnptdd  by 
the  shaft ;  wing-Bpecnlum  metallic  green  with  a  blue  gloss,  bounded 
>  banils  ou  the  last  row  of  the  wiiis-werta. 


i.  rf  »d.et  (id.    Potd.e&lroom,  March,  April 
'.  Ad.  et  juT.     Zombn,  Nvasaa-land,  Oct.  [d. 


J.  H.  Gumej,  Esq. 

Sir  II.  H.  JDlmston, 
C.B.  [K]. 


1  (3.  Anaa  specnluiB. 
Anu  •peculnrie,  Ein^,  Zooi.  Joum.  iv.  p.  98  (Straits  of  Mai^llnn) 

(182M)!  Eut.MoH.  Anat.  p.   138  (I^);  Jard.  &  .Sflb.  III.  Ont. 

iv.pl.  40  {1840);  Harll.ren.Ge>.Mut.p.  119(1»44);  (i.  H.  ffc. 

Zi't  S.  Bnt.  Mu».  iii.  p.  13(1  (18+4);  id.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  61fi,  a.  3 

(1846);    Of  Man,  in  Gajr'i  fut.  t/^  Chile,  i.  p.  4S0  |1?4>^]  ; 

Schai.  AfH.  .^v.,  NataloFM,  L  94.  (.  2349  («z  J.  ^  &)   (18A0J  ; 

Jtartl.  Xaumafuiia,  1853,  pp.  917,  223  (Chili);  Cou.  r^,&  ^fnn. 

Erpfd.,  Zeot.  p.  202  (^1606)  j    POt.  Beite  Jforara,    Va/.  p.  138 

(Chili)  (1865);  Sel>,I.P.Z.S.  1807,  p.  335  (ChiU);  Phil.  ^  Lam/b. 

Cat.  Av.  Chii.  p.  42  (18G8);  Si/t.  S^.  Anat.  p.  95  (era.  emend.) 

08B8) :  iMal.  *  So/it.  P.  Z  5:  1876,  p.  380 ;  Sc/at.  P.  Z.  S.  1880, 

p.  619,  1681,  p.  734  (Zool.  Gard.) ;  JU^hiw.  Om.  Cattralbl.  1882, 

p.  13;  id.  rUff.  tool.  Gart.  p.  61;   Sclat.  LiH   Vert.  An.  Stb  e<i, 

0.482(1883);  BHrm.An.Mus.Nac.Bum.AirA'a.^'l'^^im*.); 

Triilr.  (W.   OJI.   D.  p.  49  (1888J ;    Uarlert,  Kat.   Vuffelmmnil. 

p.  230  (1891);  Ber&Jm  Jamet,  SeiB  Lia  Chit.   B.  p.  »,  n.   l-W 

(1892). 
Asm  chalcnpters,  £Crr/.  Mim.  prM.  Arad.  St.  Ptfenb.  ii.  p,  471, 

pi.  6  (]83o)  i  fl-mwr,  P.  Z.  S.  184.?,  p.  119  (Colchapis) ;  JUhHh. 

&n.  .rfr.,  NHtatore«,  t.  100.  (T.  2700-67  11860);  ImM.  &'umenel. 

Av.  p.  101  (18«) ;  Bp.  Cotnpt.  Jtfitd.  xliii.  p.  049,  n.  74  (18S(i) ; 

SrA/*y.  ,Hiui.  P.-A,  Anseres,  p.  4(1  (Bolivia)  (188(i) ;  G.  ^.  Or. 

JI«nd-lia.  iii,  p.  82,  n.  10(i50  (1871);  Uieb.  The».  O™.  i.  p.  3J7 

(1872) ;  Sclai.  Jj-  Sa'''-  Atmfnc/.  Ar.  h'totn-p.  p,  129  (1873). 

AduU  matf.  Head  and  neck  brown,  but  a  large  spot  on  the  siJei 
of  the  face,  chin,  and  middle  of  the  throat  whil«,  spreading  on  ilie 
■ides  of  the  nevk ;  back  glossy  brown-black,  with  the  edges  of  tla- 
fratbcro  pall'  brown;  lower  back  uniform  glossy  brown-black, 
ebanging  into  olive-brown  on  the  nppi^r  tail-covert*:  onderpartH 
pole  nifi-scent,  more  or  less  with  obsolete  brown  bars  or  transversi? 
RpOtB  ;  udes  and  flanks  with  brown-blaok  spots  :  wings  blaok  with 
ft  green  lustre ;  speculum  on  the  secondaries  eopperj-  red,  bonndid 
po«teriorly  by  a  subtenninal  velvety  black  band  and  by  a  while 
mpical  bnnd ;  under  wing-covcrtfi  gloasy  black,  the  greater  ones  dark 
gney ;  asillnries  white ;  tail  above  brown-black,  with  a  green  lust  re, 
below  greyish  brown:  "bill  black;  legs  red"  (A'iny);  "  leps 
ywUow  ■  (Stlater  ^  Salvin).  Total  length  about  21  inches,  wing 
10-'>,  tail  4-8.  ciilmen  X»,  tarsus  l'6.j. 

Ffrnalt.  Similar  to  the  male,  but  duller. 

YoMny  in  dovrn.  Upper  part*  brown  ;  underparta,  sides  of  the 
b«ui.  ft  bond  on  the  |>0Btcriur  edge  of  the  wing,  joining  another  on 
tlie  *idc«  of  the  back,  and  a  spot  on  each  side  of  the  rump  whitish  ; 
a  brown  band  from  the  eje  to  tlie  occiput,  and  a  second  one  across 
Ifar  cbeoks  (.Vfuf.  Turin). 

Hah.  Central  and  Southern  Chili,  (Bolivia?),  and  Magellan 
Strait*. 


rt.  5  nd.  8k.  Cbilj  (E.  C.  Reed).  Salvin-GodmwiToU. 

b,  e,  d.  Ad.  sk.        C.  Chili.  H.  Berkeley  Jsmea, 

E*q.  fP.]. 
e,/.  g  ad.  sk.        Eio  Pilmacquen,  Feb.  H.  Berkeley  Junes, 

Esq.  [P.} 
g,  h.  Ad.  Bt.  Straits  of  Magellui.  The  Admiraltj  [F.l. 

1.  Juv.  at.  Straits  of  MBgellao.  Sir  W.  Buraett    & 

Capt-FitiroyrP.l. 
k.  Ad.  sk.  Straits  of  Magelkn  (  Weit-  SolviD-Oodmaa  Coli. 

haupt). 

17.  Anas  eristata. 

Crested  Duck,  Lath.  Syn.  iii.  2,  p.  643,  n.  81  (Staaten  Land)  (IT&S). 

Alias  eristata,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  2,  p.  540,  n.  114  (17d8j  Itx  LutAam) ; 
Lath.  Jnd.  Om.  ii.  p.  870,  n.  93  (1790) ;  Biain.  Ene.  Mith.  i. 
p.  143  (1790) ;  Vieill.  N.  B.  t.  p.  120  (1816) ;  Bum.  Btct.  Sc. 
Xal.  vi.  p.  SJ3  (1817) ;  G.  S.  Gr.  List  B.  Brit.  Mut.  iii.  p.  13ti 
(1844);  U.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  616,  n.  6  (184fi);  Dm  Muri  m  Gay 
ma.  de  Chile,  i.  p.  449  (1848)  ;  Gould,  P.  Z.  S.  186B,  p.  06  (ejfff, 
Falklands) :  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  389  (Falklands)  ;  Abbott,  Ibit, 
1861,  p.  ICO  (Falklands) ;  Peh.  Keiie  Xovara,  log.  p.  136  (Chili) 
(1865)  i  Schleg.  Mut.  P.-B.,  AnBeres,  p.  39  (Bolivia,  B'Orbigny) 
(18G6);  ScUt.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  336  (Chili);  Sdat.  ^  Salv. 
I.  c.  p.  890  (Salinas,  Peru),  1868,  p.  570 ;  Phil.  ^  Lmdb.  Cai. 
Av.  Chil.  p.  41  (1868)  ;  Sclat.  *  &/r.  Ibit,  1870,  p.  499 
(Tuei«iay  Bay) ;  O.  B.  Gr.  Jia«d-liil,  iii.  p.  82,  n.  10651  (1871) ; 
Gieb.  Thai.  Om.  i.  p.  349  (1872);  Sclat.  ^  Sale.  Nomtncl.  Av. 
Xeolrop.  p.  129  (18;3) ;  Pdz.  Ibis,  1873,  p.  40;  Tacx.  P.  Z.  S. 
1874,  p.  554  (Junin,  Oentr.  Peru) ;  Sclat.  ^  Sah.  P.  Z.  S.  1876, 

S381  i  Selat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880.  p.  619 ;  Sharjx,  P.  Z.  S.  1881,  p.  13 ; 
cAnio,  Om.  Centratbl.  1882,  p.  19;  Tacx.  Om.  Pir.  iii.  p.  473 
(1886);  Selat.  P.  Z.  S.  1886,  p.  401  (Tarapaea),  1887,  p.  396 
(Zool.  Qard.) ;  mitippi,  Omis,  1868,  p.  160  (Pastes  largos) ; 
J!„rm.  An.  My$^  AVr.  Bum.  Air.  iii.  p.  :.>ji;  (l^fW) ;   TrUlr.   Cut. 


and  extcads  to  tbe  eyes ;  nape  wilh  u  loog  pendent  crest ;  chin  and 
thruat  vhitisli  imnumulale;  bikck  and  scapulara  brown,  the  featliers 
it  the  back  with  pale  etlges,  the  scuputare  darker  towurds  the  tip; 
lower  back,  riunp,  and  upper  tuil-coverls  uuiform  Dlive-brown ; 
br^a«t  and  abdomen  pale  rufeseent,  the  frathers  of  the  breast  with 
u  brown  spot  in  the  ceutre  ;  the  abdomen  with  obsolete  darker  bars ; 
longer  andcr  tail-oovcrts  black  :  wings  oliro  brown-grey,  speculam 
on  the  secondaries  eop|>orj-  red  with  a  green  gloss,  and  bounded 
posteriorly  by  a  velvety  black  band,  broader  on  the  inner  feiithers, 
and  by  a  second  white  baud  at  the  tip  of  the  secondaries ;  primaries 
oliTo-hrown;  under  wing-coverts  olive  brown-grey,  the  greater 
ones  grey  ;  asillaries  white ;  tail  browu-black,  with  a  purple  gloss  : 
"iris  blood-red"  or  oisiago  (Btrideu  James) ;  "legs  dark  grey,  upper 
mandible  horn  colour,  lower  one  flesh-colour"  {Copftin^er).  Total 
length  about  24  inches,  wing  11-5,  tail  6,  culmca  1-Sa,  torstis  1'75. 
FteTualt.  Similar  to  the  male,  but  somewhat  smaller,  and  the 
crest  shorter. 

This  species  is  not  a  very  typical  member  of  the  gcnas  Anas, 
Ilab.  tiouthem  America,  from  S.  Peru  (and  Bolivia  ?)  to  Magellan 
t^ raits,  and  also  the  Falkland s. 


o.  Ad.  A. 
b.  (J  ad.  St. 

S.  America. 

Salinas,  Peru,  14,000  ft.,  July. 

EvtonColL 

If.  Whit«ly,  Ejq. 

TiwJdale  ColL 

Salvin-Godmnn  Coll. 
Sslv-in-Oodman  Coll. 

H.  Berkeley  James, 

U.  Berkeiey  James, 

H.  Berkeley  Jarne*, 

!1.   Berkeiey  James, 

II.  '^rkelej  James, 

H.T'  E*M,   Esq. 

[P.> 
The  .\dmirBlty  [P.]. 
Hr.Coppi»ger'[k]. 

f.  2  ad.  sk. 

d.  Ad.  sk. 

r  cT  <kL  >k. 

/.  Ad.  »k. 

SaUnas,  Peru,  14,000  a.,  July 
(H.  WhiUhi). 

Tiata,  Peru,  June  (H.  W.). 

Prov.  Santiago,  Chili  i  Leu- 
hold). 

Prov.  of  TaraiiaciL 

,.  k.e  Sad.  ak. 

Lake  iluauo,  Tarapacd,  Jan. 

.-*  rf  2  ad.  ek. 

Sacaya,  Jan,,  Feb. 

7.^  (J  S  ad.  sk. 

Sit  ana,  Jan. 

t.  Ad-  ak. 
..tfad.sk. 

Central  Cbili. 
Strails  of  .Magellan. 

*.  Ad.  rt. 

V.  $Bd.^ 

Straits  of  MagelUo. 
CiKkle  Cove,  titmit*  of  Magel- 
lan, Feb. 
Port  Uusnrio,  March. 
North  Ifav,  Hermit  la.,  Sept. 

in-  M^d.). 

Xorlb  Hurbour,  Hermit  Is. 

Falkland  K 

Falkland  Is. 

Falklsn<)  is. 

Falkland  Is.  (Lecontt). 

Falkland  Is. 

BerkeU-y  Souud,  F.  Falklands, 

J-.  $  »A.  sk. 
f.d'd-A. 

Dr.  Coppinger  [P.]. 
McCimick  Bequ»>t. 

i^9ad.ak. 
tf.  Ad.  n. 
«-.  Ad.  .k. 
c.  2  ad.  «k. 
•e.  Ad.  ak. 
X, /.  Ad.  sk. 
/.  rf  «».  .k. 

Antarctic  Eip.  [CJ. 
The  Admiralty  [I'.j. 
Eyton  CoU. 
Antarctic  Eip.  [C.l. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Antarctic  Eap.  {C.\ 

28.  EUHETIA.  ^p^ 

KuuatU,  Sp.  Compt.  Bend,  xlkii.  p.  660,  gen.  35  (1853)  . .     E.  falcaU. 
Bangt.  Eastern  PalEearctio  Region. 

1.  Ermetta  hlc&ta. 
Aoas  Wcata,  Georgi,  Reise  Ituti.  Reickt,  i.  p.  167  ( 1776) ;  Pali.  Zoogr. 

Roaio-AM.u.-p.  269, tab.  Ixx.  (1811);  Brandt,  Deter,  et  Icon.  An. 

Bom.  fasc  i.  p.  21,  t.  3  (ISSB) ;    Hard.  Verz.  Get.  Mm.  p.  119 

(1844);  Midd.  Sibir.  BeU.  u.  p.  2.11,  Taf.  xii.  f.  2  (vounp  rf) 

(1653)  J  Bp.  Cumpt.  Bend,  iliii.  p.  1025  (1856) ;  Kittl.  "Denkw.  ii, 

p.  307  (1858) ;  Bla*.  u.  Batd.  Nawamm't  Viig.  DeutacU.  liii.  2, 

p.  300,  Taf.  389.  f.  1  (cJJ  (1860);   Sdikg.  Mm.  P.-j5.,  Aneeree, 

p.   72   (1866);    Dyb.   u.  Parr.  J.  f.  O.  1868,  p.  338   (Dauria); 

iVsew.  Toy.  n.  201  (1867-69) ;  id.  Pute»ch.  Uuur.  n.  201  (1870} ; 

Homey.  J.  f.  0.  1870,  p.  432 ;    Gitb.  Then.  Om.  i.  p.  S-tO  (1872)  ; 

BlaJciit.  Ibii,  1876,  p.  336  (Kunitschatka) ;  McLead,  Str.  Feath.  x. 

p.  168  (Bhawulpore)  (1881) ;   Tacx.  P.  Z.  S.  1888,  p.  458  (Coren) ; 

SeeiA.  B.  Jap.  Bmp.  p.  246  (1890) ;  Brandt,  J./.  0.  181)1,  p.  268. 
Anaa  falcaria,  Pall.  BeUe  Bum.  Bach*,  iii.  p.  701,  d.  34  (1776) ; 

Gm.  S.  N.  i.  2,  p.  621,  n.  86,  with  var.  /S  (1788) ;    Lath.  Ind. 

Om.  ii.  p.  860,  n.  70  (1790)  j  Bonn.  Enc.  Mith.  \.  p.  147,  pL  36. 

f.  6  (17t)0) ;     VUill.  N.  D.  v.  p.  106  (ISld) :  -Dum.  Diet.   Sc. 

Nat.  Ti.  p.  397  (1817) ;  SUph.  Gen.  Zool.  lii.   2,  p.  100  (1824) ; 

Tenun.   5"   SchUg.   Faun.   Jap.,   Avei,   p.   127   (Japiin)    (1850); 

JfaSengr.  Naumannia,  iSiii,  n.  273   (Skandinavia) ;  Swinh.  Ibis, 

1862,  p.  254;  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1803,  p.  324;  David,  N.  Arch,  du  Mut., 

BuU.  vii.  Cat.  n.  450  (1871). 
Swcelle  de  Jafa,  D'Aubent.  K  Eal.  n.  930  ( J ) ;  Buff.  Hitt.  Sat. 

OM.ii.  p.  276(1/83). 
Anw  JRvana,  Bodd  Tabl.  PI.  Enl.  5S,  n.  930  (1783)  (ex  PI.  Enl.). 
Falcated  Duck,  Penn.  Arct.  Zool.  i.  p.  674,  t.  23  (1786) ;  Lath.  Sgn. 


p.  45  n877)  1 


r.^.  Sibir.  p.  69  (1877) ;  id.  BhU.  Soe.  Zool.  Fr.  u. 

JUakul.  4- iVjirr,  Ibu,  1878, p.  2U  (JapHii) ;  Andi^ri. 

ii.  £(rd.,  p.  701  (IS'l^) ;  //wn<,  Str.  FfuUt.  *ii.  p.  404   (CrieiiHa 

niMket)  (1S79I,  viii.  p.  116,  d.  966  bU,  n.  411  (India)   |1ST9); 

&taf.  P.Z.&  1880,  p.  mi ;  Akru  4-  Marth.  Game  B.  of  Ind.  iii. 

p.  831,  p!.  30  (1880);    Blahiit.  ^  Pryr.    Tr.  Ax.  Soc.  Jap.  yni. 

p.  105  (1880).  X,  p.  98  (1882) ;  Bolau,  J.f.  O.  1882,  p.  340 ;   Tan. 

BuU.  Sue.  loot.  Fr.  riii.  p.  3J3  (Kwolschslka)  (1883) :  Selat.  Lilt 

I'rrt.  An.  Slh  ed.  p.  434  (1863);   BlakiU.  Amend.  Litt  B.  Jap. 

p.   8    (1RS4)  ;   Madar.   ZrittcAr.   gt>.   Om.   l   p,  38  (Hungrtrv) 

(1881);   TrMr.  Cat.  CoW.  S.  p.  49  (188U);  SAaire.  Tr.  Linn.  S.'.: 

12)   HaoL  V.  p.  91   (1889)i  irf.    Cat.   Oirieol.  Specim.   Coll.  S«rg. 

iii.  p.  3(11  (1891). 
iJnerqueduU  jatanii,  G.  B.  Gr.  Cm.  B.  iii.  p.  Olfl.  n.  fi  (1845). 
(juerqiiedula  dn>pitno)iti!ros,  Bp.  J?cc,  iYit.  p.  103  (18o0). 
Ijaerqiiiidula  javaueusjs,  Bp.  CW^f.  .Kntrf.  iliii.  p,  650,  d.  96(185C>)  ,- 


IjaerqiiiKlula  javaueusjs,  Jfp.  Lom^ 

EgL  Syn.  Anal.  p.  74  ( 18GB). 
Eutietta   fiilcata,   Bp.    timpt.   B 


Swinh.  P.  Z.  S."lfi7I,  p.  410;  G.  M.  Or.  Hand-Hit.  i 
n.  10671  imii) ;  Sundev.  Mefh.  Tiat.  Ar.  di»p.  Tctw.  0.147(1872) ; 
SKwA.iiM.1873.p.30«,  1874,  p.  164  (Haliodadi):  fieuj/. /./.  O. 
IB74,  p.  462;  Daiid  ^  Outt.  Ou.  Chine,  p.  504  (1877);  PrjeT.  in 
Xowl.  Om.  itiie.  Ui.  p.  104  (Monjtolia)  (1878j  ;  Srehh.  Ibi>,  1884, 
n.3!70(C.CIttDH);  «■/(,"■  fl'irfuiwr.  1884,  p.  0;  «.i:»tf.  U.S.  Aat. 
itfu.  n.  20,  p.  156(Dt>riugl.)(t88-))i  id.  Pr.  U.S.  Kat.  Mm*.  %. 
n.  136  (Bering  I.)  (1887);  Giffl.  Ir  Salead.  P.  Z.  S.  1887,  p.  iiOl  ; 
SatiMd.  4-  Gigl.  Mem.  B.  Ae.  5c.  Tor.  13)  xxxix.  p.  118  (1888) ; 
Stpan,  Ibi$.  1891.  pp.  3^8, 497 ;  Schal.  J.f.  O.  1891,  p,  208 ;  2^  b 
Tvae/ie,  ibie.  1892,  p.  492. 
Uuer*  falciua,  Oiui.E.i-p.  Am.  Siptodr.  China  Seat  and  Jap.  i\.  p.  331 
(ISM):  id.  J.f.  O.  ItS.W.p.  448. 


QuerqiiiKlula  multicolor,  Swmh,  (i 
Aoas  iQuFrquednla)  falcnl 
Saddf,  BMt.  S.  O.-Sibir. 


cSeap.)  Ihii.  1880,  p.67  (Amoyl. 


Aoas  iQuFnjuednla)  falcniA,  Jii^n-nA,  )'i>if./4i».-£<i>f(f,p.476  (IKiO)  ; 
*■    "     "  ■    "  '■    ""■"    "i. 'p.  SfHHimS) ;  BehHw.  OrH.  CaitraiLL 
.Gdrt.  p.  H  (1882). 

i.p.71  (1883). 

Adult  mah.  Crown  deep  chestnnt ;  sideB  of  the  head  bronie- 
puqile,  greener  posteriorly  ;  a  long  green  mane  on  the  back  of  the 
nape;  throat  aod  appor  part  of  the  neck  white,  intergccli'd  below 
by  &  green  eollar  ;  mantle  and  upi>er  scapulars  with  narrow 
— CMtic  bands  grey  and  blackish  :  rump  blackish  ;  ba«al  upper 
HB  mn-TTtr  grey,  vermtculated  with  black,  the  longer  ones  lilack 
'tflE  Wtirely  hitUng  the  tail ;  upper  breast  waved  with  alternate 
MWOentio  ban  of  black  and  white,  producing  a  regular  scaly 
amwftrance ;  lower  breaat  wbilisb,  each  feather  with  black  bars, 
one  of  which  is  aubtemiinal ;  sides,  Saoks,  and  abdomen  waved 
with  tiarrow  black  and  greyish  bands ;  under  tail-coveris  black, 
very  long,  and  reaching  beyond  the  tail ;  on  each  side  of  the 
under  tail-coverts  a  very  distinct  buff  patch,  the  buses  of  the 
ti»thcr«  being  black,  showing  a  beautiful  black  bur,  which  separalea 
the  buflV  patch  from  another  silky  white  band  formed  by  the  tip  of 
loWMt  Oank-feathen  ;  scapulars  grey,  narrowly  waved  with  black. 
and  more  or  less  distinctly  whitish  on  the  edges ;  a  black  patch  on 
the   outer  scapulars ;    wing-coverta   grey,  the  last  row   whitish  ; 


220  ASiTIBa. 

ving-Bpeculum  on  the  secondarieB  dark  glosay  green,  bonndcd  below 
by  a.  narrow  whitUh  band  at  the  tip  of  the  secondaries;  tertiats 
very  long  and  narrow,  sickle-ehaped,  with  the  shulU  whitiuh,  the 
woba  velvety  glowy  black,  the  edges  and  part  of  the  inner  webs 
grey ;  quilla  dark  grey,  almost  blackish  towards  the  tip ;  under 
wing-coverts  white,  bat  the  greater  ones  grey  ;  aiillaries  white ; 
tail-feathers  grey,  with  narrow  white  edges  :  bill  greenish  black  ; 
feet  dull  blue-grey,  darker  on  the  web ;  iris  brown.  Total  length 
m  inches,  wing  10,  tail  3,  culmen  1-8,  tarsus  l-^id. 

Adult  femaU,  Head  striped  with  blackish,  each  feather  mai^ncd 
with  fulvous  ;  sides  of  the  face  and  neck  lighter,  dottJid  with  small 
black  points  and  stripes ;  feathers  of  the  back  black,  varied  with 
rufous  V-shaped  marks  and  edges  ;  rump  blackish  ;  upper  breast 
and  sides  rufous,  with  black  crescentic  bars ;  lower  breaat  and 
abdomen  white,  with  block  crescentic  bars  or  spots,  but  almost 
uniform  in  the  middle ;  under  tail-coverts  reddish,  with  blackish 
marks ;  upper  wing-coverts  dusky  grey,  the  greater  row  whitish  at 
the  tip  ;  wing-Hpeculum  black,  faintly  glossed  with  green  ;  primaries 
greyish  brown ;  nnderwing-covertaandaxillariea  wbit«;  tail-feathers 
browu'grey,  with  reddish  edges  :  bill,  feet,  and  irides  aa  in  the  mate. 

The  female  roaemblea  that  of  CkauUlannu*  strepenu,  but  differs  in 
having  the  risible  portion  of  all  the  lat«r  sccondariee  black,  with  a 
metallic  green  reflection, narrowly  tipped  with  white,  and  the  terminal 
portion  of  their  greater  coverts,  or  last  row  of  the  wing-coverts, 
whitish,  while  in  the  female  Gadwall  the  entire  viisible  portions  of 
the  later  secondaries  are  pure  white,  and  the  terminal  portion  of 
their  greater  coverts  black.  Besides,  the  tail-feathers  of  E.faleala  2 
are  almost  uniform  brown-grey,  except  the  reddish  edges,  while  in 
the  female    Gadwall    the  outer   tail-feathers    are   whitish,  with 

regular  brown  marks.     Finally,  the  upper  mandible  of  the  fen 


29.   CHIULEULSMUS. 


221 


V.  c{  imm.  sk.  Shanghai,  Feb. 

to,  Xyy.  (^  2  ^  B^*    Kiukiang,  China,  Feb. 


«.  cJ  jav.  sk. 
a*.  $  a<L  sk. 

b'.  (^  ad.  sk. 

c'-/*.  $  ad.  8k. 

^',  *\  ^^  d  ?  ad. 
et juv. sk. 


Peking,  China,  Oct.  {E,  S.). 
S.  Manchuria. 

Awomeri,      Japan,      April 

(Blakiston). 
Nagasaki,      Japan,      Jan., 

March. 
Yokohama,      Japan      {H, 

Pryer), 

29.  CHAULELASMUS. 


F.   W.  Styan,  Esq. 

F.    W.  Styan,  Esq. 

[P.l. 
Seebonm  Coll. 
H.  M.  James,   Esq. 

[P.l. 

Seebohm  Coll. 

F.  Ringer,  Esq.  [P.]. 

Seebohm  Coll. 


Type. 


Chauliodus,     Sw.    Faun.    Bor.-Amer.y    Birds^  p.   440 

(1831);  id.Journ,  Hay.  Inst.  ii.  p.  19  (1831)  {nee 

Block,  1801). 
Chauliodes,  Eyt.  Mon.A nat.  p.  43  (IS^^S)  {nee  Lair.  1798)     C.  streperus. 
Chaulelasmus,  G.  B.  Or.,  fide  Bp.  Comp.  List  B.  Eur. 

iSc  N.  Amer.  p.  o6  (1^38)  (=  Chauliodus,  Sw.) ;  G.  R. 
^  Gr.  Gen.  B.  lii.  p.  017  (184')). 
Ktinorhjmchus,  Eyt.  Mon.  Anat.  p.  137,  preface,  p.  2 

(1838) C.  streperus. 

Ctenorhynchus,  Agass.  Nomend.  ZooL,  Ind.  Univ.  p.  198 

(1840). 
Chauliodous,  Olphe-Gall.  Contr.  Faun.  Ot-n.  Eur.  Oee. 

iv.  p.  50(188S). 

Range.  Confinod  to  Xorthcrn  Hemisphere. 


Kty  to  the  Species. 

a.  LarpT;  wing  about  11  inches 

b.  Smaller  ;  wing  8  inches  (only  female  known)   .  . . 

1.  Chanlelasmus  streperus. 


st repents,  p.  221, 
couesi,  p.  220. 


Strepera,  Briss.  Om.  vi.  p.  339,  tab.  xxxiii.  f.  1  (1700). 

Anas  8trepera,  Lirin.  S.  X.  i.  p.  200,  n.  20   (17()0)  ;  Gm.  S.  K.  i.  2, 


pi.  1.5.  u.  i,  r>  (iracnea;  (i/v»oj ;    i-au.  ijoogr.  nosso-j-is.  u.  p. 
(1811) ;    JVi/s.  Am.  Om.  viii.  p.  120,  pi.  71  (1814) ;   7W«w.  Man. 


Ztyol  xii.  2,  p.  l():i  (lf<24) ;  Bp.  Ohs.  IVtls.  n.  207  (1825) ;  id.  Si/n. 
p.  383  (1828)  :  F/em.  Brit.  An.  p.  124  (1828)  ;  iSari,  Orn.  foxe. 
lii.  p.  169(18:31);  Brehm,  Viiy.  Deutsehl.  p.  870  (1831);  Sykes, 
P.  Z.  6'.  Ib32,  p.  108  (l)ukhun);  Aud.  Om.  Bioyr.  iv.  p.  3o3, 
pi.  348  (18^38) ;  id.Syn.^r27S  (18:39);  id.  B.  Am.  vi.  p.  254, 
pi.  388  (1843) ;  A'.  ^  B.  Wirhelth.  Eur.  pp.  Ixxxv,  226  (1840) ; 
Aaum.  VOg.  Deutsehl.  xi.  p.  659,  pi.  :K)2  (1842);  Selys-L.,  Fautt, 
Rely.  i.  p.  141  (1842) ;  Schley.  Rev.  Crit.  p.  115  (1844) ;  Giraud, 
R.  Long.  Isl.ia.  304  (1844) ;  De  Kay,  N.  Y.  Zool.  ii.  p.  343  (1844) ; 
Deyl.  Om.  Eur.  ii.  p.  430  (1849) ;    Teimn.  ^  Schley.  Faun.  Jap.. 


Ave*,  p.  138  (I860) ;  Midd.  SOir.  Bd*.  ii.  p.  232  (1853) ;  P  Paints, 
J.  f.  O.  1853,  pp.  242.  312  (Lapliind  !  breediDfrJ ;  Wallatffr. 
JVoBiwmmo,  1854,  p.  272  (SaindinaTi«)  ;  JVetefi.  P.  Jt.  S.  Sep.  vi. 
p.  102  (1867);  Jon.,  Wedd.,  ^  Hurdix,  Nat.  in  Berm.  p.  47 
{Bermudii)  (1869) ;  Mart.  J.f.  O.  1859,  p.  220 ;   Finsch,  J.f.  0. 

1859,  p.  387  (Bulgaria) ;  Preen,  ibid.  p.  4e3  (note)  j    Pncyt,  Ibi», 

1860,  p.  353  (Ion.  Isl.) ;  Simpi.  ibid.  p.  394  ( W.  Greece) ;  Saink. 
P.  Z.  S.  1863,  p.  324  (China)  j  Nordn^  J.  f.  O.  1864,  p.  377 ; 
Schirs/.  Mat.  F.-B.,  AoBere*,  p.  48  (Cape  of  Good  Hope !)  (1866) ; 
iV«w.  Foi/.  n.  203  (1867) ;  Triitr.  Itis,  1868,  p.  328  (PalcBtine); 
Elma  4-  £ucki.  IMs,  1870,  p,  340  (Macedonial ;  Horneyer,  J.f.  O. 
1870,  p.  432;  Smnderi,  Ibu,  1871,  p.  396  (S.  Spain,  bivediniC); 
Tatflor,  Ibit,  1872,  p.  233  (Crimea) ;  ShtU.  B.  of  Egj/pt,  p.  283 
(1872)  i  Oifb.  Thfa.  Orn.  i.  p.  363  (1872) ;  Seixrts.  Turkeit.  Jevotn. 

§70  (1873) :  Sdat.  ^  Sals.  Nomtncl.  An.  Neotrop.  p.  129  (1873) ; 
It/tk,  B.  ofBHrmn,  p.  166  (Arakan)  (1876) ;  SiUit.  P.  Z.  S.  1876, 

p.  382;  Blanf.  Eatt  Pen.  ij.  p.  300  (1876) ;    Finseh,   Verh.  t.-b. 

Oe».  Wten,  1879,  p.  ■262  ( W.  Siberia) :  A.^E.  Nftct.  Handb.  Jam. 

p.    113   (1881);    C.   Swinh.   Ibit,   1882,   p.    !34;    Rehmc.    Orn. 

Centraibl  1882,   p.   19;    id.     Vog.    tool.    Oart.    p.    62   (1862); 

Triitr.   Faun.   Sr  Flor.   Palrit.,  Artt,   p.   115   (1884);    Sound. 

Yarretfi  Hitt.  Br.  B.  iv.  p.  370  (1885) ;    Settbh.  Hitt.  Br.  B.  iii. 

p.  530,  pi.  64  (egg)  (18C6) ;  Memb.  ILig,  1885,  p.  367 ;  A.  O.  U. 

Ckedt-lUt,  p.  115.  n.  136  (1886) ;   Turner,  Contr.  N.  H.  Altuka, 

p.  131  (1886) ;  Scully,  J.  A.  S.  B.  Ivi.  p.  88  (1887) ;  iWyte.  Man.  A'. 

Am.  B.  p.  96  (1887)  ;  Giry,  Auk,  1888,  p.  61  [Cuba  and  Jamaica, 

winter);  id.  Birds  W.  Ind.  p.  202  (1888);    Triitr.  Cat.  CbU.  B. 

p.  49  (Bermuda)  (1889) ;  Rchnw.  J.  f.  O.  1890,  p.  82 ;    Ulf.   Col 

Fig.  Br.  B.  pt.  nv.  pi.  —  (1890)  ;   &e*A.   B.  Jap.  Emp.  p.  24a 

(1890);  Sartert,Eat.  Voffelmmmt.  p.  231  (1891);  SatcA,  B.  of 

Minnei.  p.  41   (1892):   A.   Newt.  iHcl.  of  Birdi,  pt.  1,  p.  297 

(1803). 
Anns  cinerea,  S.  G.  Gm.   Bei>e   Russl.  ii.  p.  184,  t.  17  ((f>  (1774); 

Bre/im,  I»if,  IS30,  p.  097  ;  id.  Vtig.  DeutiM.  p.  871  (1831). 
Anas  kekiischlia,  S.  G.  Om.  Seine,  iii.  p.  249,  tt.  21i,  27  (Caapiup 


iii.  p.  617,  n.  1  (1&15) ;  id.  Cat.  E<^j,i.  CaU.  B.  M.  p.  1*5  (IWfi) ; 
Goue,  B.  Jam.  p.  408  (\M>] ;  Blyth,  Cat.  S.  Mia.  A.  S.  S.  p.  301, 
n.  irn  (1SI9) ;  Jichnb.  t,)/it.  All.  p.  X  (103S) ;  Woodh.  Sityr.  li^. 
p.  104  (1853) ;  Bp.  Cofiipl.  Rend.  xl.  p.  064  (1853).  xliii.  p,  060, 
n.  80  (16oU) ;  Mmgl.  Si/it.  Ueb.  n.  H03  OSTaI)  -.  Brrhm,  J.  /.  O. 
li*67,p.  357;  Baud.  B.  .V.  ^m.  p.  782  (1858);  id.  Citt.  A'.  Am. 
«.  n.  584  (1859);  lleerm.  P.  IL  JL  Sep.  x.  pt.  tL  p.  69  (]8.j9)  ; 
»i/t>,  Ibit,  1859,  p.  363  (E.  Atlas) ;  J/omra,  /./  0.  180».  p.  873 
(ZooL  Gatd.) ;  /rirfr.  Jfti.,  1860,  p.  81  (K.  Atr.) ;  Cbop.  ^  Siickl. 
y.H.  H'aifh.  Terr.p.  l'M(miO);  Aibrecht.J./.O.lsm,  p.  207 
(Jamiueii) ;  JJlaki»i.  IhU,  18ii8,  p.  14e  (Br.  N.  Am.) ;  O.  k.  Gi: 
Cat.  Hodfft.  CaU.  D.  M.  2iid  ed.  p,  77  (1863) ;  Utanh,  Pr.  Ac. 
PAfJutJ.  1864,  p.  73  (Jamaica):  Trulr.P.Z.S.  l^l,  u. 4M -.  Jtrd. 
B.  o/Ind.  iii.  p.  60-2  (1804)  i  Moit,  Ibit,  1865.  p.  442;  Dre**. 
Ibit,  1866,  p.  43  (1'eias) ;  Co«e;  Pr.  Ac  Pkilad.  1866,  p.  9JI 
(AtiMiial ;  Gundl.  Rep.  FiM.-Sat.  \.  p.  389  (Cubnl  (1866) ;  later. 
Ann.  Zue.  A'.  I',  viii.  (IWW).  p.  207  1 1867);  Btav.  Itnt,  1868, 
p.  402  (India) ;  Brown,  ibid.  p.  426  (^'ftDCouver) ;  Doll  j-  Ba^n. 
Tr.  Okie.  Acad.  \.  p.  30S  (18fH));  Su^'iiA.  P.  Z.  &  1871.  p.  418 
(Chiiwj:  OuebeL,  J.  /.  O.  1871,  p.  U7  (UnuuiMben  Kreiae) ; 
Omdl.  J.  /.  O.  1871,  pp.  202,  2U4  (Cuba);  Frittdi,  J.  /.  0. 
1672,  p.  SOU ;  Sundee.  Melh.  nat.  Av.  dim.  Tmt.  p.  148  (1872) ; 
Merr.  U.S.  Getd.  Sure.  Terr.  p.  704  (Idato)  (1672) ;  Altm,  RuU. 
M.  C.  Z.  iii.  p.  183  (Colorado)  (1872) ;  Ailxn,  Pr.  Bott.  Soe.  sv. 
p.  240  (Colorado)  (1872):  Cb««.  Key.  p.  286  (1672);  id.  Check- 
lwf,D.  4»1  (1873);  AUl.  j-  H.  Broom,  Ibit,  1873,  p,  70  lAroh- 
Mtiel);  Liojfd,  ibid.  ^.  420  (Kattian'ar);  Snotc,  B.  KaJti.  p.  11 
(1673) ;  Hume  ^  Hendert.  Lahore  to  Ynrk.  p.  S96  (1873) ;  DreM. 
B,  Bur.  Mi.  p.  487,  pi.  424  (pt.  ixiii.,  1S73) ;  Heugl  Oi-n.  K.O.- 
4fr.  a.  %  p.  13Sf7  (1873)  ;  CHum.  B.  iV.-  Werf,  p.  663  (1874) ;  Lawr. 
Mtm.  Bo*(.  Snt.  N.  H.  ii.  p,  316  (1874)  ;  Gvndl.  J.  f.  0.  1876, 
B,  381  (Ciibn) ;  Drem.  Ibit,  1876,  p.  419 ;  David^  Outl.  Oil.  Oiine, 
p.  4&»  (1877) :  Pijev.  m  RoipI.  Or*.  Mite  iii.  p.  106  (MonpoliR) 
(1878):  Bbik«d.  *  Fryer,  Ibis,  1878,  p,  214  (Yokohama) ;  Hume, 
atr.  FealA.  viii.  p.  1  IS,  n.  961  (1^79) ;  Sculfy,  AtJ.  p.  3(12  (Nepal) 
(1879)  ;  &ht.  P.  Z.  &  1880,  p.  olB;  Htane^^  Marih.  Game  Bu'd*. 
U).  p.  181,  pi.  24  (1880) :  mdd.Ibit,\^l,a.  100  (Gilipl): -^•'^'c- 
Kim.  N.  Am.  B.  n.  601  (1881) ;  Couet,  Chrck-M,  2nd  ed.  p.  113, 
O.  711  (1882) :  Sah.  Vat.  B.  SlrirkL  CoU.  p.  534  (1882) ;  Blak.  ^ 
fryer.  Tr.  Am.  Soc.  Jap.  j.  p,  98  (1882) ;  IfrAnw.  Om.  Cenlralbt. 
1882,  p.  19;  id.  rHy.  tool.  GUH.  p.  62  (1882);  B.  O.  U.  Ua 
Br.  B.  p.  \-2r,  (1883| ;  Sdat.  Ua  Vai.  An.  Slh  eil.  p.  432  (1883) ; 
(Wei.  B.  of  Br.  Burma,  u.  p.  28:(  ( 1 883) :  ManA.  Ibu,  1884.  p.  424 
(CliaiDba);  If.,  B..  ^  It.  Water- Biid»  N.  Am.  i.  p.  GU6(]884i( 
CiMM.  Key  If.  Am.  B.aaded.  ■p.m3{\S8i];Sharpe.Lnvard'iB. 
8.  A/r.  p.  759  (Omnge  Riviirl  (1884) ;  Nehrl.  J.f.  0. 1885,  p.  146 
(HlboUl  ;  Salrad.  EL  Vet.  Hat  p.  258  (1880);  Tait,  Ibit,  1887, 
p.  376  (Portupil) ;  Stejn.  Pr.  U.S.  A'o(.  Miu.  x.  p.  136  (Bering I.) 
(1867)1  m.  Jo/m.  Ibit,  1889,  p.  120  (A^hdoiiitan) ;  SAarpe,  Tr. 
Lua.  Sue.  (2)  Znol.  V.  p.  91  (1689);  irf.  Sec.  Yark.  £.rp.,  Ave/, 
p.  131  (1891);  id.Cal.Oiteol.^>eiim.  CWi.  Sb™.  iii.  p.301  (181)1) ; 
Vyan.  Jbii.  18SI1,  pp.  328,  4MJ ;  Dub.  Faun.  Belg..  Oil.  ii.  p.  438, 
pi.  354(1892);  (hwt  Oi*.  Turkett.  etc.  (AWf.  Arch.  Mut.  (8)71. 
Ertr.  p.  W)  (1804) ;  Rickett,  Ibit,  1884,  p,  224  (rhina). 

Kttmirbvnrbus  etr«p«rupi,  Eyt.  Mon,  Aiiat.  p.  I.'t7  (1H38). 

(ttiorqanluU  «i>-pur«,  Maeyill.  Man.  Om.  b.  p,  li,9  (18J3) ;  id.  Hilt. 
Br.B.  V.  p.  ea  (1852). 


Etiaorhjnchus  strepera,  Barfl.  Verx.  Get.  Miu.  p.  ISO  (18J4). 
Adu  mail,  Hodga.  Gray't  ZooL  Misc.  p.  81,  d.  600  [  $ )  (1844). 
CbBulelmmiia  strepera,  JtcAnb.  Si/n.  Av.,  Natotorea,  t.  93.  ff.  165-167 
(184fi);  Lkkt.  Nommcl.  Av.  p.  100  (1864) ;   BolU,  J.  f.   O.  1855, 
p.  814  (Spain) ;  Degl.  *  G»be,  Om.  Eur.  ii._p.  510  (1867) ;  Gould. 
B.  Great  Brit.  v.  pi.  19  (pt.  liii.,  1868) ;   Etjt.  Syn.  Anal.  p.  93 
(1869);   Taes.  J./ 0.  1870,p.  5fi;  e.  if.  ffr.  J?anrf-ii»(,  iii. p. 84, 
n,  10674  (1671);  Huh.  J.f.  O.  1873,  p.  110,  1874,  p.  S37j   Taei. 
BtUl.  Soe.  Zool.  Fr.  li.  p.  40  (1877) ;  Madar.  Zeittchr.  gee.  Om.  i. 
p.  39  (1884). 
Chaulelasmus  cinereua,  Brehm,    Vogelf.  p.  S73  (1856);    id.  Nau- 

mnnnia,  1856,  p.  297. 
Chaulelasmua  americanus,  Grinf  (a\A?),Jide  Brekm,  Vogelf.  p.  874 

(1865) ;  id.  Ifaumimnia,  1866,  p.  207. 
Cbaulelaamtu  atreperus,  b,  americanua,  Bp.  Compt.  Bend,  zliii.  n.  G-jO 

(1866). 
Anas  atrepern  americana,  Wied,  J.f.  O.  1859,  p,  169. 
Anas  (Chauliodes)  Btrepera,  Radde,  Reie.  S.  0.-8ibir.  ii.  p.  370  (1863). 
Anaa  atreperus,  Cory,  LUt  B.  W.  Ind.  p.  30  (1886). 
ChauliodouB  Btrepenu,  Olphe-Gall.  CorOr.  Faun.  Om.  Eur.  Occ.  it. 
p.  60  (1888). 
Advlt  male.  Upper  part  of  the  head  reddiah  brown,  indistinctlT 
epeckled  vith  darker  brown ;   eidea  of  the  hnad  and  upper  neck 
whitish,  the  latter  with  a  maty  tinge,  both  thickly  speckled  with 
brown ;  an  indiatinct  brown  band  behind  the  eyes ;    mantle  and 
scapulars  grey,  thickly  waved  with  blackish  ;  lower  back  uniform 
brown,  changing  into  yclvety  black  on  the  rump,  upper  and  under 
tail-ooverts ;    lower  neck  in  front  and  on  the  sides  and  upper  breast 
with  blarkish  and  white  crescent-like  bara  on  each  feather,  producing 
a  scale-like  appearance ;  lower  breast  and  upper  part  of  the  abdomen 
white  ;  sidea  and  flanks  thickly  waved  with  blackish  and  gre}*iBh 
bands,  which  extend  on  the  sides  of  the  vent ;  smaller  wing-covcrta 
brownish  grey,  the  median  ones  rhestiiul,  tlio  prea tor  velvety  black  ; 


^^ 

29.  cHiuLEtisiirs. 

S25         ^1 

Vourui  in  dcnen 

I  resemble  those  of  the  Mallard,  "  but  there  is  a            ^H 

moro  prouoonced 

golden  tinge  on  the  throat  and  cheeks,  the  atrcak            ^^B 

through  the  eye  is  more  defined,  and  tbere  is 

a  small  dark  spot  at            ^^H 

the  janctioD   of 

the   mandibles,    which   the 

Mallard    ha^   not"            ^^M 

(rorTvfl).^                                                                                                                         ^^ 

^^B 

Hail.  Northern  Hemisphere,  breeding  in  subarctic  regions  of  both            ^^| 

contineota,  extem 

ling  south  during  wiut«r  as 

far  as  Abyssinia  and            ^^H 

Shoa,  but  not  u 

1  for  as  the  Cape  (?),  Palestine,  India,  Arakau,            ^^| 

China,  and  Jupan 

;  in  America  as  £ir  south  as 

Mexico  and  Jamaica.            ^H 

n,  J,  ft  (J  2  od.  rt. 

Grent  Britain. 

Purchased.                              ^M 

</.  <;  ltd.  sk. 

l.ofTiree,  .Nov. 

Col.    Irby   &    Capt.            ^^1 
Tw  Jddal^  CoU.                    ^H 

r.  <f  ad.  A. 

/-*.    (J2    »d.,   d 

Mertoo,  Norfolk,  Jone,  July. 

Lord      Walaiugham            ^H 

iniro.sk.,etpiill. 

^M 

».  lmm.«k. 

Pembrokeshire. 

Earl  of  Cawdor  [P.].            ^H 

^  5-d.ak. 

Aldebiirgh.  SidTolk,  Aug. 

Theodore     Fisher,               ^H 

r.  <fd..k. 

Kent. 

«.  <;  ad.  ak. 

Hasdngs  Market,  April. 

n.    J.    Elwes,    Eeq.              ^H 

t.  It  (f  $  ad.  Bk. 

London  Market. 

.,_«■.  d  •d.«2 
1                   imm.  sk. 

*.y.  d  io».»k. 

EBjpl.  Feb.  (G.  E.  «.). 

SheUey  Co'u.                         ^H 

Leokoran. 

Seebohm  Coll.                      ^H 

>.  d  Hi.  ak. 

Tt-heran.lOOO  ft,,  Persia. 

W.  T.  Blanford,  Esq.            ^H 

^H       «'-<r.  ^  2  ad.  ^ 

Lob-nor,Feb.  (P«>™/«Au). 
BaJa   Morghab,   Jan.,  Feb. 

Seeboim  Coll.                         ^H 

H       •-,/■.    d  id.  et  J 

AigUan  DjIimitatioQ             ^H 
Lt.-Col.    Swinkoe                ^M 

Hume  CoU.                         ^^H 

^B              JUT.tk. 

(Ailchuon). 

^B     f--/.  <{  ad.  ^. 

Kandahar.  Feb.,  Mar. 

H      *'.  $jaT.ak. 

R.  Jhelum,  near  Sbabpoor, 

^B 

Not.  (A.  O.  H.). 

^B      /-,  «'.  ({  ad.  ak. 

Hamal  Mehui-,  Jan. 

Hume  CoU.                            ^^M 

H      .'.<fad.ak. 

MehuT,  Upper    Sind,  Jan. 

(A.  0.  m- 

Hume  Coil.                          ^H 

^H      c'-J.  (f  ad.  et   1^ 

Sambhur,  Feb.,  March,  Noy. 

Hume  Coll.                           ^^M 

H 

(fl.  M.  Ad„m). 

H     r.^fad-at. 

Gwalior. 

C.  Maries,  Esq.  [P.].              ^H 

^B       v.  $  ad.  «k. 

Ajmere,  Dec,  {A.  0.  H.]. 

Hume  Coll.                           ^H 

^B       <^>  i^-  ^  "°°>-  "I'' 

Siiza. 

Hume  C^ll.                              ^H 

H      ^,y',<'.  rfS  »L 

Uurgaoii,Feb,{jr.JV.  CTiffl. 

Hume  Coll.                              ^H 

^B          M  «j  imm.  ak. 

^H     «"-«".  d  S  ad.  et 

Elawah,  Not. 

Hume  CoU.                          ^^B 

H     /^"^'i'«d-«J 

Futlehgurh,Feb.  (A.  Andfr- 

Seebohm  CoU.                     ^^B 

^B         j».  ak. 

^       A";  <J  ad.  ak. 

PLotrfpore,  near  Allahabad, 

Hume  CoU.                           ^H 

Feb. 

i".  (f  ad.  ak. 

Oudh. 

Capt.      Stackhoiise                  ^H 
Knwill  [P.].                       ^H 

**■,  r.  (J  ad.  ak. 

Oudh,  Dec,  Jan. 

Hume  Coll.                               ^H 

W,  n",  -/'.  2  ad. 

Nepal. 

B.H.Hodg«on,Esq.            ^B 

«t  <J  ju*.  »k. 

[PI                                   ^1 

»!».  xx»n. 

^^M 

/'-v".  <f  $  ad.  et    NatJTeSiUum,Feb.,Maicli,      Hume  Coll. 

iuT.  sk.  Not.  (i.  ManiUlli). 

w".  d  ad.  sk.  IHpur  Bhe«l,  Asaom,  Feb.      Tweeddale  Coll. 

\A.  W.  ChmnelT). 
y.  d  ad.  Bk.  Dinapore,  Jan.  Hume  Coll. 

y,  e".  J  ad.  St,  at    Deccau  (Syket).  India  Museum  [! 

$  ad.8li. 
A*-cI'.  <;  $  ad.  ek..    Sbanghu,  March  (S.  Stein-      Seebohm  Coll. 

hoe). 
«'./"■  <J  2  ad.  sk.     Yokohama,  Jan.  (ff.iVyer). 
y.  Pcf  jav-  at.  Behiing  Strata. 


A'.  (J  ad.  St. 
t^.  rf  ad.  sk. 
k\  $  ad.  sk. 
;'.  tf  jUT.  dc. 

™'.  e  juv.  ak. 
n".  Juv.  ak. 
o'.  (J  ad.  ak. 
p'.  tf  juv.  ek. 

^-f.  (J  ?  ad.  et 
juv.  sk. 


«'./',?*■  cfSad. 

sk. 
A',.*, J',  Pull. at 

i'.    Pull.  Bt 

m'.  Skeleton  ^- 

perfect). 
ri*.   SUoDum    and 


N.  America. 
Vancouver  Island. 
West  side  Rocky  Mts. 
4dth  ParaUel. 

Warner  Lake,  Oregon,  Sept 
Wsshoe  Lake,  Nevada,  Not. 
MJaaiffiippi  VsUej,  April. 
San  Antonio,  Texas,  winter 

{S.  B.  Dretier). 
Corpus  Chriati,  Tex 

Dec,  Jan.  (F.   1 

ttrang). 
Los  Angeles,  California. 
Presidio,  Mexico,  Feb.  (A. 

Forrer). 
Zacatecaa,    Mexico,    April 

( W.  B.  Rickardion). 

No  locali^. 
Nepal, 


II 


Seebohm  Coll. 
CaptKellett&Li 

Wood  [P.' 
J.  E.  Gray,  I    . 
J.  K.  Lord,  Esq. 
J.  K.  Lord,  Esq.  __ 
N.  America  Etbun( 

ary  Comm.  [PJ. 
Salvra-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  CoU. 
SalTiu-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Qodman  Coll. 


Salvin-Oiodman  Coll. 

ZooLSoc. 


B.  H.  HodgBon,  Esq. 

[P.). 


30.    lURECl. 


227 


iDuaediatvly  distingatshod  by  its  grc^tiy  inferior  size,  irhioh  hardly 
«xn«ds  that  of  a  Teal,  the  diffprent  colour  of  the  bill  and  feet 
(black,  somewhat  lighter  on  the  inner  ride  of  the  tarsna),  and  the 
nugular  discrepiiticy  id  the  lamellie  of  the  bill ;  these  arc  email  and 
clooely  pactcd,  about  75  iii  nmnber,  while  in  ttrrptrat  are  only 
Aboot  50.  Length  17  inches,  wing  8,  en  1  men  l'-16,  tflrsus  1-40," 
(Slrf/tt.) 

Hah,  Washington  and  >'ew  York  Islands,  Fanning  Group. 


Type. 
M.  pt-nolope, 
M.  penelope. 


Mareo*,  Stfpk.  Om.  Hoot.  sii.  2.  p.  130  (1824) 

Penelop*,  Saup,  Natiirl.  S^t.  p.  31  (1820)   

Maries  (erroreF),  LeacA,  fide  Sw.  Ckti.  B.  ii.  p.  366 

(1637). 

Banyt.  Paltoarctic,  Neorctic,  and  Neotropical  regioi 


Kty  to  the  Sjnecia. 
A  wide  white  palch  ou  the  upper   wing-coverte ; 
central    tail-fentbers    rather    acuminate  -,    bill 
mther  small ;  Umellffi  scarcelr  prominunC. 

a.  lipper  tail-coverts   izrcy,   the    outer    feathera 

btick;    under    tail-coverta   glosay    black    in 

a'.  Upper  port  of  the  head  buff;  remainder  of 

the  hend  and  upper  neck  chestnut;  femtde 

n-ith  tlie  head  brown-chestnut,  spotted  with 

black penelope,  p.  227. 

A'.  Upper  part  of  tbo  head  mhiligh ;  sidea  of  the 

head  and  upper  neck  whitish,  with  black 

spots :   female  with  the  head  and  upper 

neck  whitish,  spotted  with  black amfricana,  p.  233. 

b.  Upper  lail-coverts  white ;    under   tftil-coverto 

whitu,  tinged  with  chestnut  j  hind  part  of 
the  head  and  nape  slosij  green,  with  blue 
hiane,  especially  on  the  nape    tibSalric,  p.  236. 


1.  Kareca  penelope. 
The  Wigeon. 

I'enelops,  Qeftt.  Af.  p.  108. 
AnM  flstukria,  flrnM.   Om.  ri.  p.  391,  t.  xmv.  f.  2   (rf)   (1700;; 

lirehm.  Ilia,  1830,  p.  007 ;  id.  Handb.  Tog.  Deutte/U.  p.  674  (1831) : 

i  henny,  P.  Z.  S.  1847,  p.  40. 
Anas  penelops,  Umt.  S.  A  i.  p.  202,  n.  27  <1766). 
?  Anu  niuluiura,  Scop.  Atuu  I.  H.  N.  p.  06,  n.  82  (1700). 
Aww  rogolcn,  8.  Q.  Om.  Jleit.  i.  p.  70  (1770). 


Anna  kocolca,  S.  G,  Gm.  Nov.  Comm.  Prtrap.  it.  p.  468,  t.  21  (1771) ; 
'-  '■  ".  i.  2,  p.  527  S  (1788) ;  ITWi.  JV.  A  r.  p.  122  (1*116) : 
Hvm.  Did.  Se.  Sat.  vi.  p.  376  (1817). 


Om.  5.  JV.  ].; 


Kjrnat,  ai»ngUUA,Oeniti,  Stof.  da/li  Pec.  v.  tt.  586,686  (1776). 
Canard  riffleur,  D'Auimit.  PL  iW.  825  ( cJ ) ;  Suf  Hut.  Sal.  Oi*. 
ix-p.  169,  pK  10, 11(1783). 


Wigeon,  Lath.  Syn.  iii.  S,  p.  518,  n.  63  (1786). 
Ansa  penalope,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  2,  p.  G27,  n.  27  (1788) ;  ZoU.  intf.  Om. 
ii.  p.  860,  D.  71  (ireO) ;  Bonn.  .£W.  Mtth.  i.  p.   141,  pL  34.  £  4 

E))i  ittfA.  Tf.  iiBH.  «bc.  iv.  p.  Ill,  t.  liii.  f.  »  (trachea) 
!}  ;  PaU.  Zoogr.  Soito-Ag.  ii.  p.  S61  (1811)  (Riuaift,  Siberia, 
techatka);  Temtn.  Man.  d'Om.  f.  542  (1816);  ieoc-S,  CW. 
p.  37  (1816) ;  VieiB.  If.  D.  t.  p.  150  (1816) ;  Dum.  Diet.  Sc.  Nat. 
Ti. p.  866  (1817);  rwnm.  JHon.  if  Or».  2nd  ed.  ii.  p.  840  (1B20); 
£oie,  Int.  1822,  p.  GGl ;  Ucht.  Vert.  SoubL  p.  84  (Icekni),  Egrpt) 
(1823) ;  Srehm,  Eur.  Vog.  p.  768  (1823)  ;  FUm.  Br.  Atutn.  p.  124 
(1828) ;  Brehm,  Itis,  1830,  p.  097 ;  id.  Eamlb.  Fiu.  DeatiM. 
p.  874  (1831) ;  La».  Tt.  d'Om.  p.  634  (1831) ;  P  Wagl.  Im,  1831, 
p.  532  (Mexico) ;  Savi,  Om.  Toic.  iii.  p.  146  (Italy)  (1831) ;  Nordm. 
m  Ennann'$  Verz.  Th.  Pfi.  p.  18  (1835) ;  Thiaiem.  ^at.  DtirtUU.  d. 
Fortpfi.  Vbg.  Eur.  fl  Abth.  p.  34,  t.  zxiv.  f.  5  (1838) ;  Temm.  Man.  iv. 
p.  632  (1840) ;  Keys.  ^  Bias.  Wirbtlth.  Eur.  pp.  IiuIt,  223  (1840)  j 
Navm.  Vog.  Beutschi.  li.  p.  724,  t.  305  (1842) ;  Selt/i-L.  Faun.  Bflg. 
p.  142  (1842) ;  SchUg.  Bev.  Orit.  p.  ciiv  (1S44) ;  DeEau,  N.  Y. 
^l.  ii.  p.  436  (1844) ;  Giraud,  B.  Long  Itl.  p.  307  (1844) ;  Degl. 
Om.  Eur.  ii.  p.  431  (1849);  Temm.  S(  ScAleg.  Faun.  Jap.,  Avet, 
p.  127  (1850)  i  Midd.  SMr.  Seise,  ii.  2,  p.  229  (1863) ;  Piuti. 
J.  f.  O.  1853,  pp.  242.  318  (Lapland) ;  Schill.  ibid.  p.  337 ; 
WaUengr.  Xaumannia,  1864,p.  271  (ScandinaTia)  ;  Raink.  J.f.  0. 
1S64,  pp.  426,441;  Thienem.  FoHpJtanamgsg.  gu.  Fog.  tlxzx.  f.6 
(1856);  KiHl.  Denkw.  ii.  p.  292  (1858);  Simpton,  Jbii,  1860, 
p.  394  (Greece) ;  SeinA.  Ibis,  1861,  p.  13  (Greenland)  {  StnnA. 
P.  Z.  S.  1863,  p.  324  (Chba) ;  Wright,  Ibit,  1864,  p.  165  (Malta) ; 
Nordm.  J.f.  O.  1864,  p.  3/7  (Finland,  Lapland);  BfirfA,  B.  of 
Burma,  p.  166  (Arakan,  Hainan)  (1866) ;  Schky.  Mu».  P.-B., 
AuBeteti,p.U{lS66);Pn!ew.Vo!/.D.lm(lS&7);Dyb.^Parr.J.f.O. 
]868,p.  338  (Dauria) ;  Miilt.  ^  Drogtn,  J  J.  0.  im,  p.  346  (Faroe 
Ib.)  ;  J&Atw  4-  Buckl  Ibis,  1870,  p.  339  (TurkeT) ;  Daeid,  N.  Arch, 
du  Mut.,  Bull.  vii.  Oit.  a.  449  (1871) ;  Gie6.  'Thti.  Om.  i.  p.  369 
■  --2) ;  JI>r„gi.  lids,  187:^,  |..  04  (WaiiiHts  Is.) ;  Tni/!.  ibid.  p.  233 
,) ;  Fischrr.  J-fO.  1672,  p.  3ft)  (iJt. Peterebu^j  Set'ert:. 


30.   mRECA. 


229 


pL  369  (la^) ;  Bp.  aiiip.  Lint,  p.  56  {1838) ;  SiriekL  P.  Z.  S. 
lM2,p.  168  (China):  MaafOl.  Man.  ii.  p.  174  (1342);  Rarfl. 
Fen.  Gel.  Mai.  p.  118  (1844) ;  G.  S.  Or.  List  B.  Brit.  Afiu.  iii. 
p.  133  (1844);  id.  Gtn.  B.vi.  p.  614,  n.  1  (1846);  Riif^i.  Syct. 
Uebert.  p,  138  (Egypt,  AbyBamia)  (1845);  Rehnb.  Sm.  At'.. 
NaUtores,  t.  92.  ff,  168,  168  (18*6) ;  O.  R.  Or.  Cat.  Hodgi.  OM. 
A  Jf.  p.  145(1846);BiyM,  Cat.  B.  Mu».  A.  5.  B.  p.  305,  n.  1778 
(164») ;  Harcotirl,  P.  Z.  8.  1861,  p.  146  fMndraraJ;  Schnb.  Av. 
&/»t.  Hat.  p.  ix  (1852) ;  Haramrl,  Ann.  ^  Mag.  N.  B.  xii.  p.  63 
(M«l<i»)  (18o3);  Ueht.  JVowimrf.  Ai>.  p.  101  (18.S1);  Marti. 
J.f.  O.  1854,  p.  160  {Cevloa!)»:  Bp.  Compl.  Jtend.  iliii.  p.  660, 
D.  117  (1856);  Ounn.  S'arr.  Exp.  Am.  Sguadr.  ftx.  ii.  p.  231 
(Hakodndi)  (18.5(1) ;  Balrd.  B.  X.  Am.  p.  784  (1858) ;  id.  Cat.  N. 
Am.  B.  n.  58«  ( 18o9) ;  Sale.  Ibit.  1859,  p.  364 ;  Som/^.  J. /.  0. 
1859,  p.  372 ;  Finich,  ibid.  p.  386  (Bulgnrift) ;  Romt,  Rte.  et  Mag. 
di  Zool.  IB69,  p.  14o,  pi.  6  (var.);  Triitr.  Ibis,  1860,  p,  81  : 
Fovm,  ibid.  p.  353  (Ionian  lal.) ;  Swini.  Rni,  1861,  p.  W> 
(N.  China),  1863,  p.  434  (FormoM) ;  O.  R.  Or.  Zia  Br.  B.  p.  181 
(1868);  id.  Cat.  Hodgi.  CV-ii.  A -tf.  2nd  ed.  p.  76  (1863);  Trittr. 
P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  463  (Jordan)  ;  Jerd.  B.  o/Ind.  iii.  p.  804  (1864) : 
Mor*,  IbiM,  1865.  p.  444  (Great  Britain) :  WhUrly,  Ibit,  1867, 
p.  307  (Hakodadi);  Sioinli.  ibid.  p.  399;  Later.  Ann.  Imc.  N.T 
riii.  p.  207  (18tS7) ;  Degl.  *  Gerbe,  Ont.  Enr.  ii.  p.  512  (1867)  : 
Tn$tr.  Jhi$,  1866,  p.  328  (Palestine) ;  Oa&t,  Pr.  Em.  Inxt.  v. 
p.  29»  (New  EnBland)  (1868) ;  Taex.  J.f.  O.  1870,  p.  65  (Con- 
•tantina);  Swinh.  IbU.  1870,  p.  Sm ;  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1871.  p.  418; 
Sound.  Ibi».  1871,  p.  ;197  (Spain) ;  Gaebd,  J.  /.  0.  1871,  pp.  21, 
22,  28,  W,  148  ;  O.  R.  Gr.  HandJi^,  iii  p.  81,  n.  10028  (1871) : 
Oouid,  B.  Gr.  Brit.  t.  pi.  13  (1871)  ;  &undev.  Melii.  nat.  At. 
dim.  Tnd.  p.  147  (1872);  SA*«.  B.  of  Egypt,  p.  288  (1872); 
Oouei,  Ety.y.  268  (1872) ;  id.  Oieck-tia.  n.  493  (1873) ;  DrM,  Avi/. 
Aleut.  III.  UnaL  eaitic.  p.  5  (1873) ;  Hume,  Sir.  Feath.  i.  p.  271 
(Sindh)  (1873) ;  Aid.  ^  It.  Broum,  IbU,  1873,  p.  71  (Arcbiingel) ; 
BnxAt,  ibid.  p.  343  (Sardinia) ;  Dgb.  J.f.  O.  1873,  p.  110;  Seuil. 
Om.  N.O.-A/r.  ii.  2,  p.  1809  (1873);  Qmet,  B.  N.-  H>rf,  p.  664 
0874) ;  Taa.  J.  /  O.  1674,  p.  337 ;  SwmA.  ifii,  1875,  p.  457 
(Hakodadi);  Comi  in  Eltiatf*  Affdirt  AUaka,  p.  191  (1875); 
HatUng,  Fauna  Prubil.  W.  p.  29  (1875) ;  BuH  Str.  FtatA.  iv.  p.  30 
(1870);  Hurm,  ibid.:  B.  Whitrltm,  Ibii,  1876,  p.  28  (Cornea)  : 
Drem.  Ibii.  1870,  p.  420;  id.  B.  of.  Eur.  vi.  p.  541.  pU.  432,  4a^ 
(pt.  48, 187S) ;  Blanf.  End.  Prm.  ii.  p.  301  (1876) ;  SAarpe,  Ibti, 
VSn,  p.  34  (Borneo) ;  Taet.  Bull.  Soc.  Zool.  Fr.  ii.  p.  46  (1877) ; 
ii.  Om.  FauH.  Fcwf.  SfJir.  p.  70  (1877) ;  DavidS[  Out/.  0«,  CAine, 

S499  (1877) ;  Pij>v.  in  Rmet.  Om.  Mite.  iii.  p.  101  (Mon^Ua) 
878) :  Blakiit.  *  Pryer,  Ihi».  1878,  p.  213  (Japan) ;  Lawr.  Bull. 
Nutt.  Om.  auh,  iii.  p.  9a  (1878) ;  Beritr,  op.  til.  u.  p.  190  (N. 
Cuolina)  (1879) ;  Hvmf,  S/r.  Ftath.  vii.  p.  484  (Calcutta)  (1879) ; 
lit  <w.  ™t.  viii.  p.  116,  n.  903  (1870);  Ufone,  C«//.  iVa«.  Om.  CTufi, 
T.  p.  12«(N.  GftToliiifl,  Virginia)  (1880);  Scfat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880, 
p.  674;  FSnir-h.  Dai,  1880.  pp.  332,  333  (Taluit,  MawliaU  I.); 
Smne  ^  Manh.  Gamr-Bird*  of  tnd.  iii.  p.  197,  pi  26  (1680) ; 
Ridgv.  Kom.  X.  Am.  B.  n.  600  (1881) ;  Cecil  Smitli.  Zo^.  1881, 
p.448;  Sume,  Str.  Feath.  x.  p.  245  note  (PeRu)  (1882) ;  C.  SmnJt 
IbU,  1882,  p.  124  (Kutdabtir) ;  Couei,  Cheek-list,  2tid  ed.  p,  113' 


n.  712  (1882) ;  Slakitl.  ^  Prytr,  Tr.  At.  Soc.  Jap.  s.  p.  97  (ISKft } 

Mliott,  Mon.  Seal-Itlp.  180{Prybaov  lal.)  (1882);  Salv.Qit.B. 

StriM.  CoU.  p.  682  (1882) ;    Tacz.  Butt.  Soe.  Zool.  Fr.  viii.  p.  S44 

(Ksmtacliatka)  (1883) ;  B.  O.  U.  Lia  Br.  B.v- 123  (1883) ;  Selat. 

List  VeH.  An.  8th  ed.  p.  436  (1883) ;  NeU.  Cruite  'Gyrwat;  p.  96 

(1883) ;  Oale»,  B.  BriL  Burm.  ii.  p.  278  (1833)  ;  Biakist.  ChnstmOi. 

1883,  p.  27 ;  id.  Amend.  Liit  B.  Jap.  p.  0  (1884) ;   Tritir.  Faiot.Se 

Flor.  of  Pakit^.  116  (1884) ;  Badde,  Ontii  Caucat.  p.  456  (1884) ; 

B.,  B.,  ^  S.  Wakr-B.  N.  Am.  i.  p.  617  (1884);    Cowu,  Key  N. 

Am.  £.  2nd  ed.  p.  684  (1884) ;    Madar.  Zeitichr.  d.  ga.   On.  i. 

p.   34   (1884)  ;    Fimch,  Mitth.  om.    Ver.    %Vien,  1884,   p.  127 ; 

Sound.  YarreWa  But.  Br.  B.  iv.  p.  397  (1884-86) ;  Chapm.  Ibu, 

1886,  p.  169  (LapUnd) ;  Biid,  ibid.  p.  266  (Marocco) ;  St^.  Bull. 

U.S.  Nat.  Mm.  no.  29,  p.  167(BerinB  I.)  (1886) ;  Salrad.  El.  Uec. 

Ital.  p.  259  (1886) ;   Tatt,  B>ii,  1887,  p.  '377  (Portugal) ;  Stgn.  Fr. 

U.S.  Nat.  Mia.  i.  p.  136  (Commander  I.)  (1887) ;  Bidffw.  Man.  N. 

Am.  B.  p.  96  (1887) ;  Nel*.  Nat.  Hist.  Coil,  in  Alaska,  p.  67  (1887) ; 

Tan.  P.  Z.  S.  1888,  p.  640  (Ck)rea) ;  Own.  Ihi>,  1888,  pp.  228,230; 

Koenig,  J.f.  0.  1888,  p.  296  (Tunis) ;  Salwd.  ^  Oigl.  Mem.  R.  Ac. 

Sc.  7'(»r.(2)Mxix.p.  131  (Japan)  (1888);  XiW>rJ, 76m,  1889, p.  346 

(Cjprus) ;  Trittr.  Cat. Coil.  B.  p. 60 (1889) ;  BDerett,  Joum.  i^r.Br. 

B.A«.  Soc.  1889,  p.  192  (Borneo) :  S&arpe,  Tr.  lAnn.  Soc.  {2)Zool.  v. 

p.  92  (1889) ;  id.  Biit,  1800,  pp.  148, 28.)  (Borneo) ;  Biuiell,  Zooloff. 

(3)  i!T.  pp.  62-69 (Essex)  (1800);  Lilf. Col.Fig.Br.  B.  pt.  xr.  pL  — 

(1890) ;  Erxmt,  Ibit,  1891,  p.  72  (incubation) ;  Sharpe,  ibid.  p.  116 

(Fao);   Sfvan,  ibid.  pp.   328,  496;    Wigleitc.  Anei  Polyn.  p.  71 

{M«rshaU  Is.)  (1891) ;  Sharpe,  Cat.  Otteol  Spedm.  Coll.  Surg.  iii. 

p.  302  (1891) ;  Dub.  Faun.  Vert.  Bely.,   Ou.  ii.  p.  441,  pi.  225 

(1892)  ;  Be  la   Touche,  Ibit,  1892,  p.  492  ;   Meade-  U'alda,  Ibit, 

1893,  p.  "199  (Canaries). 
AnasP   vitticeps,   Bodgi.   Gray't   Zool.   MiK.   p.  86,    n.  677   (2) 

(IH44). 
FuliKiiLi?  cbemiGn,  Hu,lqf.  Grni,''  Z,^l.  MiK.   p.  86,  n.  458  (J) 

(1844), 


I 


no.   HAHECt.  S31 

Anw  pcoelope  X  A.  acuta,  Cmmm.  N.  T.  D.  ii.  p.  296  (1865) ;  Leeerk. 

J./  O.  1800. pp.  210,  230. 
Ansa  pVDplopt! X  A.  creccs,  Leoerk.  J.f.  0.  1800,  p.  230. 

Adult  mate.  Forehead  and  top  of  ths  head  buff,  rest  of  the  head 
aiid  neck  i^innamon,  minutely  Bpotted,  especially  round  the  eyes, 
with  bottle-green ;  chin  and  throat  more  or  Ic^a  black ;  mantle, 
bitck,  and  scapulars  grey,  crosaed  with  irregular  iigzag  bnes  of 
black ;  central  tail-feathers  paler,  almost  whitieh ;  lateral  tail- 
feathers  like  the  under  t^-coverts,  black ;  lower  fore  neck  aud 
sides  of  the  breast  rinacooDs;  tnidiUc  of  the  breast  and  abdomen 
white :  sides,  flanks,  and  under  wing-coverts  grey,  with  zigzag  lines 
like  the  back ;  wiag-covert«  white,  the  largest  tipped  wifii  black  ; 
primaries  nrnfomi  dark  brown  ;  outer  webs  of  the  secondaries  green, 
forming  a  speculum,  edged  with  block ;  black  outer  webs  of  the 
secondaries  broadly  edged  with  white;  tail-feathers  elongated, 
pointed,  and  nearly  black ;  irides  dark  brown ;  bill  blaiah  lead- 
colour,  tipped  with  black ;  legs,  toes,  and  their  membranes  dark 
brown.  Total  length  18  inches,  wing  lOo,  tiiil  4-6,  culmen  1'55, 
tiLTsua  l'5o. 

Femah.  Head  and  neck  pale  reddish  brown,  speckled  with 
blackish  ;  upper  parts  brown,  each  feather  with  pale  whitish  edges. 
the  edges  of  the  scapulare  reddish  brown  ;  breaat  and  sides  reddish 
brown :  under  surface  white ;  under  tail-coverta  white,  with 
irregular  brown  bars  or  spots ;  primaries  dark  brown,  secondaries 
dull  black,  slightly  tipped  with  white  ;  wing-coverts  like  the  back, 
but  thp  larger  ones  tipped  with  white ;  tail  dull  greyish  brown  ; 
iride*  brown  ;  bill  bluish  black. 

yoitity  maU.  Besenibles  more  or  less  the  female. 

Netttifig  '*  may  bo  distinguished  by  the  warm  rufous  tint  of  the 
cheeks  and  throat  and  the  absence  of  any  loral  streak ;  the  upper 
parts  arc,  moreover,  of  an  almost  uniform  brown,  with  hardly  any 
signs  of  bars  on  the  pinions  "  (  Yar^tM). 

Ilah.  PalacarotioRegion.breeding  in  thecolder  regions  from  Iceland 
to  Kamtechatka,  wintering  in  ihe  more  sonthcm  latitudes,  in  Africa 
as  tar  as  Madeira  and  Abysunia,  in  Perua,  in  Northern  India, 
Burma,  Chins,  Japan,  Borneo,  aud  i 

>»% " 


I 


I 


Uarshall  Islands;  also 
qaoDtly  in  Alaska ;  it  straggle 
a.  4  imin.  ak.  No  locality, 

h,t.  J  mA.  St  imm.     Great  Brila 

rf.  (f  ad.  «k.  Orkneys, 

»,/.  rf  2  »d.  Bk. 
g,  1mm.  sk. 
k.  $  juT.  sk. 
t.  ,;  ad.  St. 


straggler 
I  East«m  North  America,  fre- 
o  California. 


Sulht-rland,  June. 

St.  AncJrcw's,  Fifeehlre  (S. 

O.  W.  R.). 
R.  Oarrtjn,  Stirlingshire,  Jan. 

{J.  A.  Harrit-Brolcn). 
Llandilo,  Wales. 


U.  J.   Elwes,  Esq. 

CoVlrbT   &    Capt. 

Reid  [^]. 
Twaeddale  Coll. 

Tweuddale  Coll. 


it,  I.  (f  $  ad.  sk. 
m.  $  imm.Bk. 
n.  $  ad.  Bt 
0.  <f  inun.  ak. 

q.  5*Lm:  ak. 
r.  cf  ad.  sk. 

',  t,  w.  ^  2  ad.  sk. 

et  cf  ioini-  ak. 
c,  w.  (f  ad.  ak. 

■r,  y,  t.  <J  ad.  et 

imm.  sk. 
a'.  (J  imm.  ak. 
6'.  iS  ad.  ak. 
^,  a,  «■.  <J  e  ad. 

at  (T  juT.  ak. 
/*.  JuT.ak. 

S',  h'.  (J  ad.  ak. 

.'.  e  juT.  ak. 
V,  f.  (J  ad.  ak. 
!»',  >•'.  rf  ?  ad.  ak. 


o'.  $  ad.  sk. 

p")  ?'■  <J  S   imm. 

ak. 
j^,  <".  rf  ad.  et  J 

H'.  cf  ad.  ak. 


Camliridse  Market. 

Wella.  Norfolk,  Jan. 

Berkahire. 

I.  of  Orain. 

Bedgebury  Parit,  Kent,  Nor. 

AddWton,  Sumy,  Feb. 

Christeburch,  Hanta,  Sept 

BevoDshire. 


SalTin-Godman  ColL 
E.  DcMlaoii,£8q.[P.l 
W.Bri™,Eaq.tC.]. 
Tweeddale  CoU. 
Oould  Coll. 
Colonel  Irby. 
Baron  A.  von  Hiurel 

[P.]. 

Mouta^  CoQ. 


AicachoD,  Fnmce,  Not.  (B.    Seebohm  Coll. 

o.sx 

Egypt,  Feb.  (0.  E.  A).  SheUey  CoU. 


Meeopotamia  (Jona). 
Babylon  (Jont*). 
Bagdad. 

Fao,  Persian  Gulf,  Oct 

Narimskaja,  Ob,  Sept 
Lob-nor,  Feb.  IFrievaltku). 
".     ,  of  the  y " 

Siberia,  lat   < 

(U.S.). 
Lake  Balkash,  Aug. 
Bala  Morghab,  Jan.  (Aitehi- 


Kftndabar,  Jan.,  Feb. 


India  Muaeum  [P.l 
India  Museum  [P.]. 
Kenneth     Loftua, 

C.    Chevalier,    aq. 

[P.!  ^ 

W.    D.     Cunmung, 

Eeq.p-.]. 
Dr.  O.  FinBcb  [C]. 
Seebohm  Coll. 
Seebohm  ColL 


^y 

:10.  lUKEca.                                         233          ^^| 

^M     <r.  s  od.  8k. 

N^pal.                                       B.  11.  Hod»on,  F^.           ^H 

[P.].    (fypeof               ^m 

Ana»  aliie^m,  ^odgs.)           ^^1 

Native  Sikhim,  April,  Oct.    Uume  Coll.                       ^^M 

•;/•.  rf  .d.  .t  s 

iiin.Ji. 

(£.  .Vanrfc/fi'l.                                                                        ^^H 

J".    SjUT.dL 

Manipur,  Moit^h  (^  0.  tf.).      Hume  Coll.                          ^^M 

A>.  cf  ad.  ek. 

Calcutta,  March.                          Hume  Coll.                           ^^M 

■           1%  **.  (j  S  ad.  «k. 

Cyna.                                           J.   R.   ReeTCS,   Esq.           ^^| 

Shanghai,  China,  March.            F.  Webb,  Eaq.fP.l               ^H 
Rhanirhai,  March  (JC.   Swtn.     Seebohm  CoU:                         ^H 

Shaaghai,  Nov.                            F.    W.   Stjan,   Eaq.             ^H 
Tftkow,  Formosa,  Dec.  (A  «.).  Seebohm  CoU.                     ^^H 

H        ^  cf  imm.  ek. 

■          «■,»■.  c!S.d.,k. 

■              ,{ad.ik. 

H         ]>'.  d  imm.  «k. 

H     e'.  i»ji"-."k. 

^B      f'.  ^iur.ak. 

■       .-.Si^di. 

Jamn.                                            Twee<tdHle  Coll.                    ^H 

^F        ''>"'■   (J  nd.et  $ 

Yokohama,      Jnpan      <H.      Seebohm  Coll.                     ^H 

lnm.dc. 

iVO.                                                                              ^H 

a'.w'.(J5juT.Bk. 

Nagasaki,  Japan.  March.           F.  Rin^r,  Esq.  [P.].           ^H 
HaJiodadi,  Jnpan.  Not.               Seebahm  CoU.                        ^H 

a'.  5  imn.V 

»■.  S  Imm.  d.. 

Chichi-sy  ma,  Qonia  la.,  Oct.     Seebohm  CoU.                        ^^M 

(P.  A.  Jfoht).                                                                         ^^M 

H       ••.  $  jar.  dc. 

Bintulti.  Boroeo.                       Purchaud.                           ^^M 

■  riki?:,;,;'- 

^B         o*.  $  skeleton. 

NewfoimtUand.                             H.  Keeks,  Esq.  [P.],             ^H 

Zool.  Sor.                             ^H 

«r,  (T*.    Imperfect 

NepaL                                       fi.  H.  HodgaoD,  Esq.             ^H 

^1 

/'-#■.  Sterna. 

*',  r.  Sknll*. 

UtBKID.                                                                              ^^H 

Marec'i  penelujt  X  Amis  I'Oteot  ?                                             ^^^| 

m'.  Ad.  St. 

Great  Drilam.                               lion.     Grantle;                   ^^H 
Berkeley  LP.1.                    ^M 

2.  Hareca  americana.                                             ^H 

Canud  Jeosea  de   la  LouisinDe,   DUub^nf.  P/.  £>il.  0A5  ;   £u#              ^H 

Hut.  Nat.  Oil.  U.  p.  174  (1783).                                                               ^H 

Anerioin  Wiin«n,iVnn.^fY'(.ZW.ii.p.667,ti.502(178.'));  £(itt.              ^^| 

^K  iii-  3.  P 

r>20.n.<U>ri785).                                                                  ^^ 

ABM  amwicau^  ^m.  &  N.  i.  2,  p.  526,  n,  07  (1788) :   Lath.  Ind.             ^H 
Onu  ii.  p.  861,  n.  74  (1700) ;   Wih.  Am.  On,.  Tiii.  p.  «6,  pi  60.              ^H 

t  1  (1814): 

rj«i^..V.i>.v.n,131  nnm  :  Dum.  Diet.  Se.  Nat.  vi.            ^^M 

p.  380  (1817)1  Bp.  0I>$.  Naminrl.  WiU.  n.  629  {183S) ;  id.  Sun.  p.  !»4              ^H 
(1828):  £<»*.  Tr.  d-Ora.  p.  tiS4  (Jamaica,  Port«  Rico)  (1831);            ^H 

JV««.Jtf«B. 

M.p..'W0(Hii34);  Aud.  Om.  fliwr.  iv.  p.  3.17,  pi.  34fl             ^H 
S^m.  p.  370  (1830)  1  ZfOri.  m  £o  Sjj™.  fft**.  Nal.             ^H 

(1838) ;  id. 

Otta,0M.p 

203(1840);  .rlunC.  Zf.  .Im.  vi.  p.  250, pi.  389  (1843);              ^^M 
Br.  B.  m.  p.  106  (184-3) :  Giraad,  B.  iona  1,1.  p.  806            ^H 

r«r.  Bui. 

(1*44)  i  SfcAiy.  .RfP.  Cnt.  p,  cii*-  (1844) ;  BtKay.  N.  V.  Zoot.  ii.              ^H 

p.346(1844)i  SrW-'.7.M<«.P.-fi.,Aa»erc«,p.  4.5  (1866);  Sumfcir.             ^H 
(^.  £.  Vet-Ak.  Farh.  1809,  p.  603  (Porto  Rico) ;    Oieb.   The*.              ^H 

Om.  i.  p.  344  (1872)  ;  Firuch,  Abh.  Bnm.  Ver.  iii.  p.  66  (Ala»l») 

(1872) ;  Adamt,  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  431  (Michakaki) ;  Turner,  Auk, 

1886,  p.  158  (Nearer  Isknds) ;  Seebh.  Hid.  Br.  B.  iii.  p.  543,  pL  63 

(ere)  (1885) ;  A.  O.  U.  Oteck-lut  N.  Am.  B.  p.  116,n.  187  (1886) ; 

Turner,  Contr.  Nat.  Hitt.  Altuka,  p.  131  (1886) ;  Neb.  Nat.  Sitt. 

CoU.  Altuka,  p.  68  (1887) ;  Bidi/a.  Man.  N.  Am.  B.  p.  96  (1887) ; 

Sartert,  Eat.  VogeUamml.  p.  230  (1801) ;  Hatch,  B.  of  Mame*. 

■a.    43   (1892);    Chajm.   Bull.   Am.   Miu.   N.   S.    1894,   p.  83 

(Trinidad). 
Anas  wigeon,  Bonn.  Ene.  MHk.  i.  p.  120,  pi.  33.  f.  4  (1790). 
Mareca  americana,  Stepk.  Gen.  Zool.  xii.  2,  p.  135  (1824) ;  Sw.  j*  Ekh. 

liiam  Bor.-Am.  ii.  p.  445  (1831)  ;  Bp.  Comp.  List,  p.  66  (1838) ; 

Eyt.  Mm.  Anat.  p.   116  (1838);    Blyth,  Naturalitt,  iii,  p.  417 

(England)  (1838) ;  HartL  Verz.  Get.  Mia.-a.  118  (1844) ;  G.  R.  Gr. 

lAa  B.  Brit.  Mu3.  iii.  p.  134  (1844) ;  id.  Gat.  B.  m.  p.  614,  n.  2 

(1845)  i    TTtompi.  Ann.  ^  Mag.  N.  H.  1845,  p.  310  (Ireland) ; 

Rchnb. Syn.  Av., Natatores ,  t. &2. ff.  159-101  (1845) :  Benny,  P.Z.S. 

1847,  p.  40 ;  Gosee,  B.  Jam.  p.  408  (1847) ;  MacgiU.  Hitt.  Br.  B. 

V.  p.  90  (England)  (1852) ;  Baird,  Starubury't  Bep.  p.  822  (1852) ; 
Woodh.  Sitgr.  Sep.  p.  102  (1853) ;  Bp.  Compt.  Bend,  xsiviii.  p.  664 

(1854),  iliii.  p.  660,  n.  118  (185C)  ;    Cab.  ^  Gundl.  J.f.  0. 1857, 

p.  227  (Cuba)  ;  Neiob.  P.  It.  R.  Sep.  vi   p.  102  (1857) ;  Com.  U.S. 

£ipl.  Exp.,  Mamm.  $  On.  p.  342  (1858) ;  Baird,  B.  N.  Am.  p.  783 

(1868) ;  id.  Vat.  N.  Am.  B.  n.  685  (1869) ;  id.  Mex.  Bound.  Sun. 

ii.  Birds,  p.  27  (1859) ;  Heerm.  P.  R.  S.  Rep.  x.  pt.  vi.  p.  68  (1869) : 

Sclat.  ^ Salv. Ibis,l859, p.  231  (Guatemala) i  Murr. Edinb. N. Fkilot. 

Joum.  1859,  p.  229  (Hudson  Bay) ;   Co<y>.  ff  Suckl.  N.  H.   WatA. 

Tar.  p.  266  (1860) ;  Newt.  J6w, lHC0,p.3O8 (St.  ThomM) ;  Brewter, 

Pr.  Bolt.  Soc.  N.  H.  vii.  p.  308  (Cuba)  (1800)  ;  Gun^.  J.f.  0. 1861, 

p.  344 ;  Boat,  Cmad.  Nat.  April  1802  (Mackenzie) ;  Verr.  Pr.  Eg*. 

Inst.  iii.  p.  158  (1862) ;  Hayd.  Sep.  1862,  p.  176;  Alh-.  J.f.  0. 

1862,  p.  207  (Jamaica) ;  Blak.  Ibie,  1863,  p.  147  (Brit.  N.  Am.) ; 

G.S.Gr."  ■   "     "       ■"" ..      .    -      .     T,,.,.,  ,^. 

p,  71  (JaD 

186.5,  I    ■ 


r.  Cat.  Br.  B.  p.  192  (1863) ;  March.  Pr.  Ac.  PhUad.  1864, 

A.  Neirt.  P.  Z.  S.  ISari,  p.  2.56  (egg)  ;  iSah:  Ibi', 


30.  UAKrcA.  235 

fl,,  B.,  4"  R.  Wata-Birda  N.  Am.  i.  [>.  520  (1884) ;  Coua,  Key 
N.  Am.  B.  3nd  ed-  p.  6SH  (11*841 ;  TarreU,  Sitt.  Br.  B.  (SflujuJ. 
td.)  iv.  p.  403  (18S4-86) ;  Nfhrl.  J./.  O.  1885,  p.  146  (lUinois)  ; 
MatieA.  ^  Ziemer,  ibid.  p.  191 ;  St^.  BuU.  U.S.  Nat.  Mu*.  no.  S9, 
p.  1S6  (Beriw  Isl.)  (1885) ;  Cory,  List  Bird,  W.  Ind.  p.  31  (1885) ; 
aieJH.  Buil.  U.S.  A'at,  Mut.  no,  29,  p.  158  (BerinK  1.)  (1885) ;  id. 
Pr.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mut.  x.  p.  13B  (Boriug  1.)  (1887) ;  Cory.An/c,  1888, 

S68  (W.  Indies) ;  id.  B.  W.  Ind.  p.  364  (1889) :  Tfutr.  Cat.  OM. 
.  p.  60  (18801 ;  Sounder*,  Man.  Brit.  B.  p.  427  (1689) ;  Sharp*. 
,  .Cat.  Otteol.  ^ccim.  R.  CbU.  Surg.  iii.  p.  803  (1891). 
Abu  (Bowhu)  Americuia,  Hult.  Mm.  ii.  p.  388  (1884). 
■-"SUric*  wneriewia,  Sw.  Clau.  B.  ii.  p.  360  (1837). 

Cluii]elasmuBainE'ricanus,£Mf.A'(tmrac;...Jr.  p.  103(Mexico)(1854}. 
Maieca  peoelope,  S.  americann,  Btat.  Utl  B.  hir.  p.  21  (1862). 
Aau  (Mareca)  americana,  Rehnw.  Om.  CentralbL  l88i!,  p,  20. 

Adult  male.  Forehead  and  top  of  the  bead  whitish,  almost 
immacnlate ;  aides  of  the  head  and  ueck  dull  whitidh,  speckled  with 
black ;  behind  the  eyes  a  dork  pat«h,  tbickij  speckled  with  metallic 
gteoD ;  mantle,  Bcnpulara,  b,-ick,  And  median  npper  tail-eorerU  grey, 
more  or  less  tinted  with  reddish,  fbiely  nndulatcd  with  black ;  romp 
almost  black ;  out^r  -ahA  longer  upjier  tail'feathcrs  blnck ;  upper 
breast  and  aides  reddiah  Tinaceous,  the  Iatti;r  uiidulat«d  with  black  : 
lower  breast  and  abdomen  white  ;  under  tail-corerts  Telvety  black : 
upper  wing-coverts  white,  but  those  uear  the  bend  of  the  wing  dark 
grey ;  primaries  and  prim arj- -covert s  dusky,  the  former  with  the 
inner  web  paler  ;  secondaries  black,  some  of  tbo  inner  ones  glossed 
with  green,  forming  a  black  and  green  speculum  ;  the  longest  upper 
iring-coverta  arc  broadly  tipped  with  black ;  outer  tertial  whitish 
grey  on  the  outer  web,  the  inner  ones  verj-  long,  acuminate,  dusky 
grey  on  the  inner  web,  velvety  black,  edged  with  white  on  the  outer 
web  :  under  wing-corerts  grey  :  sxillatics  white  ;  tail  dusky  black  : 
••  bill  light  grej-ish  blue,  the  end  black  ;  iris  brown  ;  legs  and  feet 
light  bluiah  "  i^Kidgwaii).  Total  length  18-21  inches,  wing  lO-liS- 
10-75,  tail  4-5,  culmeii  1-30-1-50.  tarsus  1-50. 

Advlt  femalt-  ytsTj  similar  to  the  female  of  M.  penelope,  but  the 
head  and  ntick  much  whiter,  the  light  part  of  tbo  feathers  being 
whitish  iiOlead  of  reddish  brown. 

Fottny  malt.  Similar  to  the  adult  female,  but  the  colours  more 
pronooDCed  and  the  pattern  better  dehnod,  especially  on  the  wings 
(mdfftmii). 

Tbutig  in  douti.  "  Above  dark  olive  with  a  sopia  tinge  ;  a  spot  of 
pale  greenish  fulvous  on  the  posterior  half  of  the  wing,  one  on  each 
•ide  of  the  back,  and  one  on  each  side  of  the  rump ;  lower  parts, 
LDctuding  head  and  neck,  pale  fulvous ;  a  distinct  blackish-olive 
Stripe  from  the  bill  to  and  back  from  the  eye,  with  a  wide  and 
a  superciliary  stripe  of  fulvous  above  it "  (Ridtjwny ). 
.  Korth  America,  from  the  Arctic  Ocean  to  Guatemala,  and 
Jly  tho  West  Indies. 


•ar^ad-rt. 

No  locality. 

E.  Wilson,  Esq.  [P.]. 

e.  2  «i.  St. 

N.  America. 

Audubon  Coil. 

«.cf  ad.ik. 

N.  America. 

H.  J.  Elwes,  Esq.  [P.]. 

d.  ,f  juT.  ak. 

e.  (f  ad.  at. 

^,  o-  A.  (J  ad,  et  (J 

Juv.sk. 
t.  $  ad.Bk. 

A,  1  (f  Bd.  et  jut. 

■k. 
m.  It,  0.  J  ad.  «t  (J 

0,  7 .  cf  ad.  et  $ 

juT.  sk. 
r.  (f  ad.  ak. 

fc  S  im^.  sk. 

c.  (^  ad.  ak. 

•P-u'.  rf  ad.  et  cJ 
■juv.  ak. 

b',  o-.  <J  2  ad.  ak. 
<f .  (f  ad.  ak. 


N.W,  America. 

Migsouri    Brakes,    Mootana, 

49tb  PuaUd. 

British    Columbia    (/. 

Lord). 
VaDcouver  la, 

W.  ude  of  Kocky  Mia. 

Arctic  I«od  Exp. 

Canada. 


[P.]. 
N.Americi 


'',/",/■  (J  ad.  et 

(J  $  juv.  ak. 
A',  i",  k'.   (J  ad.  et 

J  juv.  sk. 

f.  S  ad.  ak. 

'■  J  jut,  ^k. 


irfblk,  Virginia,  Feb.  (  W. 
SretPtUr). 
Chicago,  Illinois  (Aebon  ^ 
Jeiicki). 

Corpus  Chrisli,  Texas,  Not., 
Dec,  Jan.    (F.   B.   Arm- 

alruny). 
Ventura,  California,  Nov. 
Hermoullo,  State  of  SoDora, 

Mexico,  Dec  (F.  Ferrari- 

Pem). 
Presidio,       Mexico,      Feb., 

March  (A.  Forrer). 
Duenas,  Quatemala,  Feb.  {O. 

8.). 


Comm.  [P.]. 
N.  A  inerica  Boundai; 

Comm.  [PJ. 
J.  K.Lord,aq.|T.]. 

J.E.Lord,Eiq.|T.]. 

Sir  G.  Back  [P.]. 

Oovenunent        of 

Canada  [P.]. 
SslTin-Oodman  Coll. 
SalTin-Godman  Coll, 

Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

W.  B.  Dismore,  Eaq. 

[P.]. 
Salviu-Oodman  ColL 


SalTin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Qodman  Coll. 


30.  HiB£CA.  237 


Dei  Mttri 
1853, 


(18«) ;  HarU.  Ind.  Az.  Aptmt.  p.  27,  n.  432  (1847) ; 
m  f?^,  Hia.  de  Oiile,  i.  p.  447  (1848);  HartLNaumc 


p.  222 ;  fltftra,  DenkKhr.  Ak.  Wifn,  r.  p.  131  (1853)  (ChiU) :  irf. 
J.f.  O.  1855,  p.  57 :  jBp.  aBn;);.  Send.  lEii.  p.  650,  n.  120  (1856) ; 
Can.  U.S.  Aitr.  Erp.  ii.  p.  201  (1856) ;  Oould,  F.  Z.  S.  1859, 
p.  96  (Falklanda) ;  Selat.  P.  Z.  S.  1800,  p.  380  (Falkl«nds) ;  Abbott. 
}M,  lB«l,p.  160(Falklsads];  F^b.  Mfine  Nonara,  Tlig.  p.  138 
(1866)  ;  &iit.  P.  Z.  S.  18G7,  p.  335  (Chili)  :  PAS.  Jj-  XandS.  Cat. 
Av.  Cha.  p.  41  (1808) :  Sclat.  ^  Sate.  P.  Z.  S.  1969,  p.  635  (Rep, 
Arg.)  i  iW.  I6{;  1809,  p.  284  (Gregory  Bav)  i  £^t.  Svn.  Armt.  p.  00 
(iee»);  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  6e7'{Zoil.  Gftrd.),  1871,  p.  700 
fZool.  Gwd.);  O.  B.  Or.  Hand-lla,  iu.  p.  81,  n.  10030  (1871); 
Bwrm.  P.  Z  S.  1872,  p.  368  (Ar^utnaa) ;  Sdal.  S(  Salv.  Ifonvnel. 
Av.  A'»>trop.  p.  130  (1873) ;  Hadt.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  108;  JJum/. 
Oil.  1676,  p.  163  (Buenos  Avres) ;  Milne-Edw.  Bech.  Fawi.  Jtfy. 
Auitr.  ch.  IS.  p.  45(1682) :  »'A!tf.  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  42  (U Plain) ; 
Sdat-Ltst  Vert.An.etbed.p  iS7  il^SS),  Sodinm.J.f.  0. 18&>, 
p.  21  (Zool.  Gart.) ;  WitKviijt.  Ibti,  I&88,  p.  471  (Lomss  de 
Zaiaan);  Bvrm.An.  ^tu.iViir.J?ui-ji.Ji>.iii. pp. 247.320(1888). 

Anae  parvirostris,  Marr.  in  Eruh  u,  Grvb.  Enc.  aect.  i.  vol.  xxxv. 
p.  4;i  (1S41). 

Smkidiornis  aibilatrix,  O.  Ji.  Or.  Gm.  H.  iii.  p.  605,  n.  3  (1845). 

ClULilt^lasmua  chiloensia,  ImU.  Nommd.  Av.  p.  101  (18.54). 

.\na8  (MnrecB)  diiloensis,  Surm.  J./.  O.  1860,  p.  267  (Mondoia). 

Maroea  sibilatrin.  Sdat.  ^  Sak.  P.  2.  S.  1876,  p.  395;  lium/.  Uit, 
1877.  p.  41  (Cliuput),  p.  192  (Buenos  Ayres),  1878, p.  401  (Central 
Pata^nia)  ;  ficiul.  4f  SaU.  P.  Z.  8.  1878,  p.  436  (EliMbeth  !.); 
Selat.  P.  Z.  S.  im),  p.  ol4 ;    Sclat.  ^  &Jv.    fotj.   Chatl.,  Bird», 


p.  107  (1881):  .Sharpe,  P.  Z.  S.  1881,  p.  13(Coqmmbo):  flairoira, 

"  k,  1884,  p,  274  (B^iia  Bfanca) ;  S..  B.,  ^  R.  Watrr-Birda  N. 

^i.  p.  517  (1884);  BfrlJ.  f.  0.  1887.  p,  183  (Parmruaj?): 


(.  Argtnt.  Or«.  ii.  p.  13.")  (1880);  TrUtr.  Cat.  Coll.  £.  p.  60 
(1880);  fhul.Mm.Sc.  CapSorn.yi.  Oii.p.SlOiiml);  ffJland. 
ait,  1992,  p.  208  (ArgentiDB) ;  Berkeky  fatna,  Nra  Hit  ChO.  B. 
p.9,n.  159(1892). 
Altaa  (Mareca)  sibilatiix,  Sehnw.  Orii.  Centralbl.  1889,  p.  20;  id. 
fag.  tool.  Oarl.  p.  53  (1882). 

Ht/hi'idg. 

HuMAchiJoenaiayDnlilaspiiiicauda,  Selal.  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  1002: 

id.  titt  Vrrt.  An.  8lh  ed.  p,  437,  spec.  ' '  (1883). 
AnaocbiloeaeiexA,  spimcnuda,  Lrterk.  J.f.  O.  1800,  p.  220. 

Aitvh  male.  Forehc:id  and  fore  cheeks  wfaito,  Temaioder  of  the 
head  and  neck  black  ;  behind  the  eyes  »  glossy  greeti  K-ind  tneotint; 
on  tbe  Dspe :  lower  nock  with  black  and  white  ban ;  back  and 
scapnian  black,  broadly  edged  with  wliite  ;  lower  back  and  nunp 
black ;  appcr  tail-corerls,  brcu^t,  and  abdomen  white  ;  sides,  flanks, 
and  under  tail-coverbt  rusty  red  ;  wiug-^overts  white,  cscept  those 
Dc«r  the  bend  of  the  wing,  which  a.re  dosky  grey  :  primaries  dusky 
black ;  tips  of  the  greater  wing-corerta  and  secondaries  velve^ 
black,  forming  a  speculum ;  tertlals  long  and  acuminate,  black,  more 
or  loH  broadly  edged  with  white,  especially  on  the  outer  web ; 
trodor  wing-corcrtH  greyish,  finely  powdered  with  brown  ;  tail  dusky 
black:  "  bill  and  feet  black ;  irides  chestnut-brown  "  (jV(«.  Taur,). 


Total  lengtii  20  inches,  wing  10-6,  tail  4-2,  onlmen  1*45, 
tarsus  1-55. 

Femah.  Similar,  but  oot  so  bright  in  colour. 

young  in  doiim.  Upper  parts  brown,  with  two  white  spots  at  the 
base  of  the  wings  and  two  on  the  sides  of  the  rump  ;  lower  parts 
wbite  j  sides  of  the  head  bright  rufous. 

Sab,  Southern  part  of  S.  America,  Chili,  Paragaay,  Ai^ntine, 
Patagonia,  Falkland  Islands. 


I.  Ad.  sk. 
'.  ^  ad.  sk. 

!.  a  ad.  sk. 


■.    5   juT.  Sk. 

n.  Ad.  sk. 

L  2"iram.'Bl 
I.  $  imm.  al 


Prov.     of    Santiago,     Chili 

(Lri/bold). 
Santiago. 

Itio  Piilmaiquen,  March. 

Lnke  Llanqiie,  Not. 


I.  of  C'biloe. 
Straits  of  Magellan. 

Coquimbo,  June. 
Folkkod  U.  (Leamte). 
Fallilaiid  Is. 
Falltlftnd  Is.,  Not. 
Buenos    Ajres,     June     (f. 

Wittiington). 
Mont«  Video  (JohtuUm]. 
Bred  in  confinement. 


Bred  in  confinement. 


%tOD  Coll. 
Purchased. 
SalTiu-Qodman  ColL 

H.    J.   Elwea,  Esq. 

[P-]- 
H.  Berkeley  James, 

&q.(P.l. 
H.  Berkeley  James, 

Esq.  rp.]. 

H.  Berkeley  James, 

Esq.  [P.]. 
The  AdmiraltT  [P.]. 
Voyage    of    II.M.S. 

'Challenger' [P.]. 
Dr.  Coppinger  [O.]. 
Sslyio-Qodman  CflL 
Tweeddale  ColL 
Antarctic  Exp.  [P.]. 
SclaterColl. 

SalTin-Oodman  Coll. 

H.  J.    Elwes,   Esq. 

[P.].  ^ 

A.  _D;  Rartlett,  Esq. 


31.    NETTION.  239 

b"\  Top  of  the  head   chestnut,  like  the 

cheeks;  a  broad  metallic-green  band 

from  the  eyes  to  the  occiput. 

/>*.  No  white  crescentic  band  on   each 

eide  of  the  breast,  in  front  of  the 

shoulder ;     the    lower      scapulars 

yellowish  white,  broadly  edjred  on 

the  outer  web  with  velvety  black. .     crecca  S »  P*  243. 

c*.  A   broad  crescentic  white  band  on 

each   side  of  the  breast,  in  front 

of  the  shoulder  ;  scapulars  with  no 

white carolinense  (5 ,  p.  260. 

b".  Head  and  upper  part  of  the  neck  dark 

metallic  green castaneum  <5 ,  p.  252. 

b'.  Head  with  no  metallic-green  colour. 

c".  A  white  band  anteriorly  to  the  speculum, 
formed  by  the  tips  of  tlie  last  row  of 
upper  wing-coverts ;  this  white  band 
broader  anteriorlv  and  irraduallv  dimin- 
ishing  in  breadth  posteriorly. 
c".  Anterior  secondaries  entirely   white: 

female  similar  to  the  male capenscy  p.  259. 

</'".  Anterior     secondaries     not     entirely 
white. 
</'.  Speculum  velvety  black,  with  a  longi- 
tudinal metallic  green  band  on  the 
7th,  8th,  and  iUh  secondaries,  leav- 
ing a  black  portion  also  above. 
d'.  Cheeks  dull  greyish,  finely  streaked  • 

with  black;  no  ring  of  white 
feathers  round  the  eyes;  usually 
no  white  edge  on  the  outer  web  .  .„^.^,,.,,„,  o    «  059 

of  the  first  secondary ]  Tmi^Jfr^nsl  '>rA 

e\  Cheeks     brown,     with     indistinct  '''         j/cr    ,  ^.  ^'    , 
darker  streaks ;  a  ring  of  white 
feathers  round  the  eyes  ;  the  first 
secondary  broadly  white  on  the 

outer  web     Migulare,  p.  257. 

e*.  Speculum  entirely  velvety  black,  with 
a  green  lustre  in  some  lights,  but 

with  no  metallic-green  band bemieriy  p.  258. 

ti".  A  narrow  cinnamon  band  at  the  tip  of 
the  last  row  of  the  uppi'r  wing-covei-ts ; 
head   and   upper  part  of  neck   greyish 
brown,    thicKiy    barred    with    narrow 
black  bands :  sexes  similar. 
f'".  Speculum     velvety    black,     with     a 
metallic-green  longitudinal   band   on 
the  upper  part. 
y*.  Bill  yellow,  with  the  culmen  black. 
p.  Smaller,   wing  8   to  8'2o  inches; 
abdomen  like  the  brea.st  whitish, 
each  feather  with  a  subterminal 
black  spot ;  scapulars  with  large 
black  spots  and  narrow  rufescent 
edges flavirostrcj  p.  261. 


g'.  Larger,  wing   870    iucheB ;  ab- 
domen unspottod,  and  like  the 
under    lail-coTerU  pale    myvih 
white ;  acapulus  witb  smftU  black 
spots  uidbrond  rufeacent  edsw. .     oryvUrum,  f.  262, 
o*.  Bill  whollT  dark,  without  anj  ySlow.    otx&mi,  p.  263. 
f  .  Speculum    (ilack,  wilb   no  metallic- 
green  band    gtargicum,  p.  264. 

6.  Upper  win^-eoverts  not  dark  grey, 
c'.  Upper  wing--coTerta  brassy  greeu:  size  small, 

wing  6-20  ioches pinwtatum,  p.  2Ci). 

rf".  Upper  wing-coverta  velvety  black. 

e".  Axillaries  wbite;  a  white  patch  or  broad 

band  at  the  tip  of  the  secondaries     bratUitiue,  p.  366. 

/".  Axillaries  black  ;  a  white  patch  above 
the  tip  of  the  anterior  greater  wing- 
coverta  toryuUum,  p.  268. 

1.  Nettiou  fonuoBom. 

Anaa  formoaa,  Georgi,  lUue  Sum.  Stick,  p.  168  (1775) ;  Gm.  S.  A', 
i.  2,  p.  fi23,  n.  92  (1788) ;  Zath.  Ind.  On.  ii.  p.  876,  n.  108  (1790) ; 
rieitl.  N.  D.  v.  p.  168  (1816) ;  Bum.  Diet.  &.  Nat.  vi.  p.  393 
(1817);  Hara.  Veez.  Gu.  jtfw.  p.  119  (1844);  ScAUg.  Set.  CriL 
p.  109  (1844) ;  Temm.  ^  Schkg.  Faun.  Jap.,  Ave*,  p.  127,  tab.  82  B 
(<J),82C  (2)  (1850);  SehUg.Mus.  P.-B.,  Anaorea,  p.  54  (1866) 
(syn.  emend.);  Gieb.  Tkfs.  Om.  i.  p.  361  (1872)  (arn.  emend.);  Setbh. 
Ibis,  1888,  p.  361  (Great  laakoff  I.);  Too.  P.  Z.  S.  1888,  p.  460 
(Corea);  Seebh.  B.  Jap.  Emp.  p.  244  (1890);  id.  Ibi»,  1892,  p.  96 
(Tsusiiua);   CamfiA.  iai'i^.  p.  246  (Oorea). 

Anaa  glociUne,  Pail.  Act.  Stockh.  il.  pp.  26,  33, 1. 1  (1779) ;  Gm. 
S.  N.  i.  2,  p.  526,  n.  90  (1788)  (syn.  emend) ;  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  ii 
p.  862,  n.  76  (1790)  (sjn.  emend.) ;  Bonn.  Enc.  Mtth.  i.  p.  128, 
pi.  3(J.  f.  4  (I'SX)|;  FaU.  Zoogr.  So**o-Ai.\\.^.  281  (1811);  Bum. 


31.    NETTlOIf. 


241 


1880,  p,  521 ;  Stme  ^  Marih.  Game  B.  of  Ind.  iiL  p.  225  (1880) ; 
B<Aau,J.f.  0.1881,  p.  64;  Slak.  ^  Pryer,  Tr.  At.  Soe.  Jap.  x.  I. 

C-i  (I8*Q)  i  Salt:   Cat.  B.  StrickL   Coll.   p.  636  (1882) ;  Fiori. 
.  Ansrig.  1S82,  p.  D4;  id.  Atti  Soc.  Natur.  di  Mod.  (■'{)  i.  p.  4 

(1882);    OiffL    Icon.   Avff.    Ital.   Gp.   &  tsT.  354  bU  (fliic.  ui. 

1863);  ScUU.  Litt  Vert.  An.  Sth  ed.  p.  433  (1883);  Sahad.  El. 
P«.  flu/,  p. 260(1860);  Dorrut,  J.  f.  O.  1888,  p.  94  {E.Siberia) : 

Trutr.  Cat.  CoU.  B.  p.  49  (1689). 
Querquedula  slocibiiiB,  Boie,  I$is,  1628,  p.  329 ;  O.  R.  Or.  Gen.  B. 

ai.  p.  010,  n.  (S  (1&15);  Sehnb.  fi^ffi.  .^r.  I.  89.  f.  412  ((f)  (1845). 

t.  90.  ff,  2338-10  (1850) ;  Bb/th,  Cat.  B.  Mm.  A.  S.  B.  p.  305. 

u.   1779   (Lower  Bengnl)   (1849) ;   LuJtt.   Nomettd.  Av.  p.   102 

(1854)  ;  Sipini.  Jbit,  1861,  p.  344,  1603,  p.  434  (FonsoHa);  Jtrd. 

a  «/ind.ui.  p.  808(18e4);  Hvt.iSun.Anat. -0.74  (vait.)  (1809); 

Syb.  J./.  O.  18:S,  p.  109;  Taa.  J.  f.  O.  1874,  p.  337,  1875, 

p.  257;  id.  BuU.   Soe.  Zool.  Fr.  u.  p,  45  (1877) ;  iTuTBc,  Sir. 

Fsath.  idii.  pp.  412,  494  (1679) ;  Hmte  ^  Manh.  Gamr  B.  oflnd. 

iii.  pi.  29  (1880);  Jtj/b.  ^   Taa.  BuU.  Soe.  Zool.  /V.  ix.  p.  U7 

(EuDtscliatka)  (1684). 
Abs8  perpulchra,  Tarr.  Sepori  of  Coune.  Z.  &  1831,  p.  22. 
Anas  (BoMbaa)  formoaa,  Sic.  Jovm.  of  the  Boy.  Imt.  ofGr.  Brit.  ii. 

p.  21  (1831). 
A&u  cucuUftta.  Fitcher,  BuU.  Soe.  Nat.  Motam,  iii.  p,  279  (Petto- 

p«il«ki)   (1831);  id.   AWo.  Mtm.   Soc.  Jfat.  Moieou,  iii.  p.  Ill, 

pi.  ix.  (18.54) :  Gieb.    Thes.   Om.  i.  p.  349  (1872) ;  (qf.  Stmn.  Pr. 

V.S.  Nat.  Mut.  I.  p.  136,  note,  188/). 
Aoas  (Anas)  clociUns,  Brandt,  Drtcr.  el  Icon.  An.  Rott.  Noe.  Uae.  i. 

p.  28,  I.  4  (1830). 
Dafila?  ciicullata,   O.  R.  Gr.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  615,  D.  3  (1845)   (e.i' 

Pucker). 
Gnnelta  fonnoso,  Jl^.  Compt.  Rend,  xliii.  p.  650,  a.   109  (1860); 

Swinh.   P.  Z.  8.  1871,  p.  418  (China) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Sand4itt,  iii. 

p.  84,  n.  10672  (1871) ;  Sminh.  IbiM,  1873,  p.  368,  1875,  p.  137 

(Chefoo);    id.  Ibi*.  1877,  p.   147   (Japan);   Damd  %   Oiul.   Ois. 

CImie,  p.  503  (1877) ;  Seebh.  IbU,  1884,  p.  270  (C.  China) ;  Sl^i. 

Pr.   U.S.  Nat.  Mui.  i.  p.  130  (u..>to)   (1867);  Styan,  IbU,  1801, 

pp.  328,  i9(7\  Dela  Touehe.  Ibis,  1892,  p.  492, 
D«ma  acuta,  a.  cucullaU,  Bp.  Covipt.  Rend,  xlili.  p.  650  (1850) 

(hybrid!). 
Anas  fQuerqaeduU)  fomiosa,  Gerbe,  Rev.  et  Mag.  de  Zool,  1854, 

pl.  3  (Fmnce) ;  Rchnw.  Om.  Centralbt.  1882,  p.  20;  id.  Viig.  sooi. 

<^r(.  p.  54(1882). 
Adu  (Qneraiiedula)  glocitans,  ScArenek,  Vih.  d.  Amur-land,  p.  474 

(1860)  1  Radde.  Reis.  m  8.  0.-8ibir.  ii.  p.  368  (1863). 
Ail  formo«a, "  Brandt;'  Stvinh.  lbi».  imf,  p.  394. 
Ail  ^otuUna,  Sim'nA.  Ibii,  1667,  p.  409. 
Qnerauedula    bini&culata,   FrilacK  (nee  caet.),   Fog.  Eur.  p.   418, 

T»f.47.r.7(cf),f.ll(2)  (1870). 
EoneUa  glodtana,  Ptjen.  in  Rowl,  Om.  Miee,  iii.  p.  105  (Mcmgolia) 

(1878). 
Netdoo  formom,  Oigl.  Aoif.  Ital.  p.  312,  n.  302  (1886). 

Bybrid. 
Ados  formomiXA.  penelope,  Kemp.  Mtm.  Soc.  Zool.  Fr.  ijL  p,  112 
(1880);  Leoerk.J  f.  0.  1890,  p.  230. 

jidfiU  maie.  Crovs  of  the  head,  back  of  tbo  nock,  entire  throat. 


242  ixaax. 

And  a  band  extending  from  the  eve  aorosg  the  face  to  the  throtit, 
black ;  face  and  neck  on  the  ndes  and  under  the  throat  boff, 
the  boff  parts  margined  narrowly  with  white ;  also  the  black 
«rown  from  behind  the  eye  is  bordered  on  each  side  with  a  white 
band  which  ihob  down  the  eidee  of  the  black  nape,  and  epreads 
OD  the  sides  of  the  neok ;  from  behind  the  eye  a  broad  glossy 
green  band  of  a  creEcentio  shape  passes  along  the  ndes  of  Uie 
head  and  inferiorly  changes  into  black,  between  the  bnff  colour 
aateriorly  and  white  band  posteriorly ;  back  and  scspnlars  gi^i 
somewhat  tinged  with  brown,  minntely  vermiculated  with  black ; 
the  inner  scapalars  elongated,  lanceolate,  on  the  outer  web  black, 
edged  with  cinnnamon,  gilky  bnff,  edged  with  brown  on  the  iuner 
web ;  lower  back  and  rump  greyish  brown ;  the  upper  tail-corerta 
brown,  edged  with  rufous ;  lower  neck  and  upper  breast  vinous, 
marked  with  small  oval  black  spots ;  on  the  sides  of  the  breast,  just 
before  the  bend  of  the  wing,  a  crescentio  white  band ;  lower  breast  and 
belly  wMt«  ;  flanks  grey,  minutely  venniculated  with  black  ;  under 
taiI-covert»  black,  but  marked  witii  bay  on  the  sides,  the  longer  ones 
whitish  buff  at  the  tip,  with  slight  vermiculatiDn ;  on  the  lower  flanks, 
just  at  the  base  of  the  tail  a  band  of  silky  white,  formed  by  the  tip  of 
the  feathers;  wings  pale  greyish  brown  ;  the  last  row  of  the  upper 
wing-coverts  tipped  with  cinnamon,  forming  a  band  which  borders 
anteriorly  the  wing-Bpeculum  :  the  latter  is  glossy  green  anteriorly, 
with  a  snbapical  velvety  black  band,  and  bordered  by  a  white  band  at 
the  tJp  of  the  secondaries ;  the  longer  tertials  marked  with  velvety 
black  on  the  outer  web ;  quilla  pale  brown ;  under  wing-covcrts 
brown-grey,  the  greater  ones  pale  grey,  the  central  ones  and  the 
azQlariee  whitish,  minutely  spotted  with  brown-grey :  bill  dark  bluish 
brown ;  feet  light  greyish  blue,  darker  on  the  web  ;  iridea  chestnut- 
brown.  Total  length  18  inches,  wing  8-6,  tail  4*2,  cnlmen  1-5, 
tarsus  1 


/,  f.  x3  ad.  sk.  et  ChinA. 

«. 

A,  L  cf  S  Md.  sk.  Chioft, 

Jt  (f  td.  ale.  China  (.7\(c&t«). 

A"".*,  rf  2ad.ak,  Pa-Chow,  Ichang,  Pec 

d.  S  >d.  8H.  Shau(;hai,  March  (£.  Su 

/>.  (J  ad.  tk.  Amor,  China,  Jan.  {R.  S 


P-*.  (f  2ad.Mrf 

juT.  sk. 
d*.  ,5  ad.  sk. 
A",  rf  ad.  ek. 

<f,>f.  rfad.ak. 

■'.  9  akeletOD. 


YokohaniH,     Japan     |  ff 

Nagasak],  Japan,  Dec.-Jait. 

Awomeri,  Japan,  April. 
Kobo  t^P),  Jm.    (A    Chap. 

Kechi     Tillage,    Tau-ahima 
(i*.  A.  HoU). 


J.R.  Reevee,E3q.  [P.]. 

lluiueColl. 
Twwddal«  Coll. 
C.  Pratt,  Em.  [C.} 
S«;bohm  Coll. 

.Sefllmhm  Coll. 
C.  W.  Campbell,  Esq. 
[P.].  ^ 

Seebohm  Coll. 

F.  Ringer,  Eaq.  [P.]. 


Seebobm  CoU. 
Zool.  Soc, 


■  NettioiL  crecca. 


TheTeoL 

Quenjuedula  minor.  Brut.  Om.  vi.  n.  438,  t.  xl.  f.  1  (1760). 

Aiia«  crecia  {errorf  ?),  Linn.  Famt.  Suec.  p.  45,  n.  129  (17B1). 

Anas  necca,  Lim.  S.  N.  i.  p.  204,  n.  33  (1706);  Om.  8.  X.  I  a, 
p.  ra2,  n.  33  (1788) ;  Latk.  Ind.  On.  ii.  p.  B72,  n.  100  (1790) ; 
Smn.  Enc.  Mlth.  i.  p.  154  (1791) ;  Lath.  Tr.  Linn.  Soe.  iv.  p.  106, 
pi.  xiii.  t  1  (trachea)  (1798) ;  Fall.  Zoogr.  Roiao-Ai.  ii.  p.  263 
(Kurite  I.  and  Kanitschatka)  (1811) ;  Trmm.  Man.  p.  547  (1815) ; 
I'm*.  A'.  D.  V. p.  173(1816) ;  Bum.  Diet.  Sc.  Nat.  vi. p. 390(  1817) ; 
Ttmm.  Man.  2nd  ed.  iL  p.  646  (1820)  ;  Licht.  Ferx.  Douit.  p.  84 
(1823)  1  Plm.  Brit.  An.  p.  125  (1828);  KiUl.  Jm,  18*29,  p.  529 
(Kamtachalka) ;  Frankl.  P.  Z.  8.  1831,  p.  123;  Sari,  Om.  To$e. 
tU.  p.  148  (1831);  Hrehnt,  Vog.  Dndnclil.  p.  684  (1831);  MitUtr. 
(3«t  Sait.  Caue.  p.  57  (Cnapian)  (1832) ;  Jm.  Man,  p.  235  (1835) ; 
Tunm.  Man.  2nd  ed,  iv.  p.  639  (1840) ;  Seyt.  ^  Slat.  Wir6m. 
Bur.  pp.  IxxxT,  227  (1840) ;  Sffyi-L.,  Faun.  Belff.  i.  p.  142  (1842); 
Stam.  V6g.  DmttcU.  ».  p.  701,  t.  804  (1842) ;  SMeff.  Sec.  CriC 
V.  ciiii  (1844)  1  Marti.  IVs.  Om.  Mm.  p.  119  (1844) ;  Ikgt.  Om. 
iSW.  ii.  p.  438  (1849) ;  Temm.  *  SeAlfo.  /aim.  Jan.,  Am,  p.  127 
(18o0) ;  Hare.  F.  Z.  8.  1861,  p.  146  (Madein) ;  Midd.  Sihir.  Beit. 
ii,  p.  230  (1853) ;  Wallengr.  Naumannia,  18-54,  p.  273  (Scandi- 
navia) ;  Bo&,  J.  f.  O.  1655,  p.  17«  (Cannriea) ;  KUa.  Ihnhr.  ii. 
p.  292  (1858) :  Sieinh.  P.  Z.  &  1W3,  p.  324  (China) ;  Jerd.  B.  of 
Ind.  iti.  p.  806  (1864);  Siainh.  Ibu,  I860,  p.  347  (Formosa); 
Oddm.  Ru,  1866,  p.  102  (Axoies) ;  &A^.  Mat.  P.-B.,  Ansejwa, 

SGS  (part.)  (1866) ;  Tritir.  Ibi*,  1868,  p.  338  (Palestine); 
Yttm.  PuU»Ph.  Uuur.  n.  203  (1867-60) :  Dyb.  ^  Parr.  J.f.  0. 1868, 
p.  368  (Dauria);  Dr«tlf,  Vogtbo.  Borfcmm.  p.  280  (1868)  ;  SwitUi. 
nit,  1870,  p.  3fllJ  (Usinanl:  Oum.  2hii,  1871,  p.  209  (Algeria); 
Sauhd.  ituLp.  396  (S.  Spain) ;  GicA.  Thet.  Om.  i.  p,  349  (1872) ; 
Swerti.  TVfert.  JirotB.  p.  70  a873);  Bli/Ui,  B.  uf  Burma,  p.  166 
(lS75)i  Blakut.  Ibit,  \SJQ,  p.  335  (Kamtadiatka) ;  Legne,  B.  of 
Ceyl  p.  1083  (1  m>) ;  8caUg,  Ibii,  1881,  p.  503  (Oilfnt) ;  ScveriB 
A&,  1883,  p.  76  (Pamii  Rai^) ;  Triitr.  Faan.  4-  f^-  °f  PaU»U 
r2 


J 


p  116  (1884) ;  Seebh.  Hat.  Brit.  B.  iii.  p.  646,  pi.  66  (egg)  (1885) ; 
*"         ■,  Contr.  N.  B.  Altuka,  p.  132  (Atth*  I.)  (1886) ;  A.  O.  U. 


Ch^k4ut  N.  Am.  B.  p.  116  (If 

(1887) ;  Seebh.  B.  Jap.  Emp.  p.  244  (1890) ;  Bchnvi. 

E.82:  Hartrrt,  ^d.  Vogdtamml.  ■d.  ""'  '■"      ■"      " 


ScuUy,  J.  A.  S.  B.  W.  p.  8 

—')) ;  lUhny!.  J.  f.  O.  1890, 

(l«il);  Brandt,  J.  f.O. 

1891,  p.  267  (Sitlia.). 
Aastra  querqueduls  minore,   Ger.  Star,  degli  Ucc  t.  tt.  696,  697 

(jouni),  698  M  ad.)  (1776). 
PeSto  Sarcelle,  D'Avbenf.  PL  Etd.  947 ;  B%iff.  Bi»t.  Nat.  Ou.  ix. 

p.  265,  pis.  17,18(1783). 
Comman  Teal,  Lath.  &pi.  iii.  2,  p.  651,  a.  88  (1786). 
Querquedula  creccA,  Stepi.  Gen.  Zool.  xii.  2,  p.  146  (1824) ;  Bote, 

Itit,  1828,  p.  329;  Syicai,   P.  Z.  S.  1832,  p.  169,  n.  222  (IndiB) ; 

Stridd.  P.  Z.  S.  1836,  p.  102  (Smyrna) ;  Qould,  B.  Ear.  p.  362 

(1837) ;  Bp.  Comp.  Liit,  p.  57  (1838) ;  Eyt.  Mon.  Aiwt..  p.  123, 

pi.  8.  ff.  1,  2  (anatomv),  pi.  10  (skeleton  and  trachea)  (1838); 

Macgill.  Matt.  ii.  p.  167  (1842) ;  O.  S.  Gr.  Lilt  B.  Brit.  Jtfa*.  iii. 

p.  137  (1844) ;  id.  Gm.  B.  iii.  p.  616,  n.  1  (184f>) ;  SUpp.  Syit. 

Ueberi.   p.   138,   n.   494   (Red   Sea)   (1845);    Bchnb.  Syn.  As., 

Natatores,  t.  89.  ff.  186-187  (1846) ;  G.S.Gr.  Cat.  Sodgs.  Coil. 

B.   M.  p.   146  (Nepal)   (1846);   Blyth,   Cat.  B.  Mug.  A.  S.  B. 

p.   305,  n.    1780  (India)   (1840);   Bclmb.  Ae.  iSyit.   Nat.  p.  ii 

(1852)  ;  Etlaart,  Prodr.  Cat.  p.  136  (Cejlon)  (1864) ;  Lauard,  Aim. 

4-  Mag.  N.  H.  xiv.  p.  269  (1864)  ;  Licht.  N<m.  Av.  p.  102  (Arabia) 

(1864);  BoUe,  J.  f.  O.  1856,  p.  314  (Spwn)  ;  Bp.  Compt.  Rend. 

riiii.  p.  660,  n.  94  (1856) ;  Brandt,  NoAt.   Ural  etc.  p.  70  (1860) ; 

Adarru,  P.  Z.  S.  1858,  p.  610 ;   Trittr.  Ibii,  1860,  p.  81 ;  Swinh. 

Jbit,  1861,  p.  345  (China),  1863,  p.  434  (Fonnoea) ;  Jerd.  B.  of 

Ind.  iii.  p.  806  (1864) ;  Gould,  B.  Gr.  Brit.  t.  pi.  16  (1866) ; 

xr_.     71..'.    loflR    -    tm   II? i._."      "T. ..  .       —  .•    .-„>.         i.~- 


Mor»,  Ibu,  1866,  p.  443  (England) ;   Wkitdy,  Ibu,  1867,  i 
(Hakodaki);  1)^1.  ^  Gerbe,  &n.  Eur.  u.  p.  621   (1867);   ' 


207 


Ibi»,  1867,  p.  399  (Amor) ;  Byt.  Sun.  Anat.  p.  75  (1869) ;  Elv>.  ^ 
BuekL  Ibit,  1870,  p,  540 ;  Blar/.  Geol.  and  Zool.  Abyu.  p.  438 
(1870) ;  Fiiuch,  Tr.  Zool.  Soc.  vii.  p.  329  (1S70) ;  SAarpe  ^  Drttt. 

B.  Eur.  vi.  p.  97.  pi.  i-26  (pi.  I,  1871) ;  SicfWi.  P.  Z.  «.  1871, 


31.  HETnos. 


24S 


n.  7U  (1882) ;  Onlfi,  Sfr.  FialA.  x.  p.  24C  (Pepru)  (1662) ;  id.  B. 
of  Brit.  Sun,,,  n.  p.  28.^  (1883);  B.  0.  U.  Lid  Brit.  B.  p.  137 
0^83);  &&£. Zm( Hut -/4H. 8th  ed. p. 433(1883);  Tacx. Bull. Soc. 
Zooi.  ^.  viii.  p.  343  (1883);  Blakuit.  Cinf«mtA.  1883,  p.  37  ;  td. 
AmeTuL  Ziat  B.  Ji^.  p.  9  (1H84) ;  Saltxid.  Ann.  Mitt.  Civ.  Gen. 
<3)  L  p,  24fi  (Shua)  (1884) ;  find*-,  Oma  Qmetu.  p.  467  (1884) ; 
%*.  *  Taa.  BuB.  Soe.  Zool.  Fr.  \x.  p.  147  (ConimMider  Id.) 
(1884);  Madar.  ZaUehr.  d.  get.  Om.  i.  p.  38  (1884);  Saund. 
TarrtWi  Bttt.  BrU.  B.  iv.  p.  38  (1984-85) ;   Keriury,  I6i*,  1686, 

S22  (Aden) ;  Salvad.  El.  tec  Ital.  p.  361  (1S86) ;  Sculfy.  J.  A. 
B.  Ivi  p.  88  ( 1887) ;  Tail,  IbU,  1887,  p.  376  (Porlug*!) ;  LUf. 
Col.  Fig.  Brit.  B.  pt.  Tiii.  pi  —  (188S) ;  Soivad.  Ann.  Mm.  Civ. 
Oct.  (2)  vi.  p.  331  (Shoft)  (1888);  Saivad.  ^  GigL  Meni.  R.  Ac. 
JSe.  Tor.  (2)  ™U.  p.  131  {Jspan)  (1888) ;  S*w«,  Tr.  Linn.  &c 
(Si  Zool.  T.  p.  91  (1889);  Tristr.  Cat  CWi.  k  p.  40  (1889)  ; 
Mtyrr,  Abhild.  Vaffti-Slitl.  pt.  xii.  pL  cxiv.  (1889);  Sautden,  Man. 
Bnt.  B.  p.  419  (1889);  Eeant,  Ibu,  1891,  p.  72  (ineubatioti) ; 
Bkarpf.  See.  Tark.  Mis*.,  Aim,  p.  130  (1891) ;  Arriff  dtglt  Oddi. 
AUtSoc.  Vau-Tt-aU.  Se.  Jrti(.  iii.  pp.  142-144  (var.)  (1891);  De 
la  Tout*e,  Ibit,  1893,  p.  401  (China);  Dub.  Fam.  Vert.  BeU/., 
Oil.  ii.  p.  452,  pi.  256  (1893) ;  Bai^tt,  Ibit,  1893,  p.  174  (Aden) ; 
Mfode-  Waldo,  Ibii,  1893,  p.  199  (Canaries)  ;  Prart.  ^  Bidw.  Ibis, 
1894,  p.  232  (N.  Noni-ay)  ;  Oatt.  Oit.  Turkeil.  etc.  (JVow.  Arch. 
Mai.  (3)  vi.  Exlr.  p.  98, 1894). 
Netti'in  creccii,  Kaup,  Naturi  Sj/it.  p.  95  (1829) ;  Saird,  B.  N.  Am. 

S778  (1658) ;  id.  Cat.  X.  Am.  B.  a.  580  (18S9) ;  Couet,  Pr.  Ac. 
kilad.  1861.  p.  238  (Labnulor) ;  Blakiit.  ii«,  18(12,  p.  332  (JI. 

J»p«n)  i  G.  B.  Gr.  Cat.  Hodgt.  CM.  B.  M.  Sod  ed.  p.  77  (1863) ; 

Later.  Ann.  Imc.  N.  Y.  viii.  p.  297  (1807) ;  Coaa,  Pr.  Ett.  Irttl. 

V.   p.  298   (IftB) ;    G.   B.  Gr.   Hand^i4t,  iii.   p.  8.t,   n.  10661 

(1871)  i  Sttnd.  Meth.  nat.  Av.  dim.  T<mt.  p.  147  (1872) ;  Ridgw. 

Nom.  N.  Am.  B.  n.  Ull  (1881)  ;   B.,   B.,  ^  R.   Watei^B.  N. 

Am.  ii.  p.  7  (1881) ;  Sttjn.  BaU.  U.S.  Xat.  Mnu.  no.  29,  p.  165 

(Bering  r.,KamWchtttka)t  1885);  id.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.MM.i.^.3,%1 

(Lw-t-hoo  I.)  (1887);   id.  ZriUehr.  ffe*.  Om.  iv.  p,  169  (Loo- 

choo  I.)  (1887) ;    Ridgw.  Man.  X.  Amer.  B.  p.  94  (1887). 
ijnerquedula  subcrocc*.  Brrhm,  hit,  laW.  p.  998 ;  id.  Viig.  Deaiaehl. 

p.  885  (1831)  i  id.  Voffclf.  p.  378  (1855). 
Quenjueduk  cieawides,  Brehm  (nee  JCiny),  iw  1830,  p.  908 ;  id. 

ViM.  Dadeekl.  p.  886  (1831) :  id.  Vogelf.  p.  370  {18S5). 
SarcellerouKe.XeM.  Tr.rf'OrTi.  p.634,  n.74  (1831)(t™  eiiunined); 

PufAer.  Rev.  et  Mag.  de  Zool.  1^50,  p.  637  (lJen^a=^.  creeca, 

juv,) ;  Rartl.  J.f.  O.  1855,  p.  420,  n.  3S. 
Anas  rubens,  Leu.  (nw  Gm.)  (ubi  ?),  fide  Bo.  Cornnt.  Rend,  xliii. 

p.  660. 
BoachaB  creccd,  Sic.  Clattt.  B.  ii.  p.  307  (1837) ;  Jerd.  Madr.  Journ. 

xiLp.  220,  n.  384(1840). 
FAnw  grtenUndica,  Brehm,  Voffclf.  b 
QuerquMlula  creeca,  a.  rubens,  Rp.  C 

g«la)  (1856), 
Anaa  (Qiiernundula)  creeca,  Sehrenek,  Viig.  d.  Anmr-Land,  p,  474 

(1800) ;  Radde,  RtiM.  S.  O.-SHnr.  ii.  p.  367  (1863) ;  R-hnn.  Om. 
Omtram.  16K,  p.  20 ;  vd.  Vih.  zool.  Giirt.  p.  54  (1882). 
QnPTqitedula  (Netuon)  crccca,  Coue*,  Kea  JV,  Am.  B.  ^nd  ed.  p.  095 

(1884). 
D«H1«(;)  cn-cca,  tilejn.  Pr.  U.S.  -Vn(.  Mw.  x.  p.  136  (Commander 

ImI.)  (i(*8r). 


ffybridt. 

Kmuukted  Duck,  Ftmn.  Brit.  Zool.  a.  p.  602,  pi.  C,  n.  S87  (Eng- 
land) (1776) ;  Lath.  Ssfli.  iii.  2,  p.  521,  n.  66  (paxt.)  (1785) ;  MotU. 
Om.  Diet  i.  (1802);  Bewick,  Brit.  B.  a.  p.  378  (1804);  Pom. 
Brit.  Zool.  Snded.  ii.  p.  274  (1812);  Mont.  Om.  Did.  2nd  ed. 
p.  34  (1831) ;  Tarr.  Brit.  B.  iu.  p.  105,  with  %  {1843) ;  Tomta, 
Zoofoyuf,  1847,  p.  1698;  Sdat.  P.Z.S.  1860,  p.  303(  =  A.  boschas 
xQuerqueduIa  crecca) ;  HatKock,  N.  H.  Tr.  Northamb.  vi  p.  153 
(1674)  ( =  'Wigeon  x  Ten!) ;  Sound.  Yarreirt  Hitt.  Br.  B.  iv.  p.  386 
(1884-86)  (=Tealx  Wigeon). 

AxM>  st\MiU.nt,  Lath.  {neePati.)  Gai.  Syn.  Suppl.  i.  p.  297  (1787); 
Om.  &  y.  i.  2,  p.  526,  n.  96  (part.)  (1788);  J^U.  N.  1).  v. 
p.  118  (part)  (1816) ;  Flem.  (ntc  Pall.)  Brit.  An.  p.  125  (1828)  f 
Jen.  Man.  Brit.  Vert.  An.  p.  232  (1835)  ;  Zimm.  Man.  iFOm. 
2nd  ed.  iv.  p.  63.1  (1840) ;  Yarr.  Hiit.  Brit.  S.  2Dd  ed.  iii.  p.  260 
(part.)  (1845);  Tomat.P.^.S.  1846,  p.  121 ;  Macff,  Hi*t.  BrU.  B. 
V.  p.  42  (part.)  (185U). 

Mareca  P  glocitanB,  St*ph.  Gen.  Zool.  xii.  2,  p.  140  (1824). 

QuerqueduU  Rlocitans,  Viff.  (nee  PaU.)  Ltnn.  Trani.  xiv.  p.  559 
(1826);  £jrf.  Cat.  Brit.  B.  p.  60  (1836);  id.  Mm,.  Anat.  p.  123 
(18.18) ;  Bp.  Omip.  Litt,  p.  67,  n.  414  (1838) ;  Macffili.  Man.  N. 
M.,  Om.  u.jp.  168  (1842) ;  Eyt.  Sip,.  Anat.  p.  74  (part.)  (1869). 

Bimaculated  Teal,  &Wy,  fin"(.  On.,  ii.  p.  3:il,  pla.  56  (tf  ),55»  (J  ) 
(1833) ;  Gould,  B.  Eur.  pi.  863  (1837) ;  StdimA.  Ibie,  1867,  p.  394. 

Anas  bimacuiata,  "  Om.,''  Bp.  Camp.  Litt,  p.  67  (in  eyn.  sp.  414) 
(1838)  iX.^B.  mrbeltk.  Eur.  p.  Ixiir  (1840) ;  StAleg.  Btv.  Cnt. 
p.  cxiii  (1844) ;  7omM,  £b(%ijt,  1847,  p.  1698  (=A.  boecbaax 
Querguedula  crecca);  Bp.  Bee.  Crit.  Om.  Eiir.  p.  103  (1860); 
Berkley,  Field,  1661,  March  16  (=A.  boschaaxMarecapenelope); 
iVeiof.  P.  2.  iS.  1861,  p.  392(^A.baBchasxQuerquedula  cracca); 
Jerd.  B.  oflnd.  iii.  p.  809  (1864). 

Querquedulw  himaciilntn,  Bp.  Cnt.  Mi''.  Vec  Eur.  p.  71.  n.  437 
(1842);  G.R.  ffi-.  r,>n. /y.  iii.  p.  (U6,  u.  7  (1845);  Bp.  llei<.  Vrk. 
Om.  Eur,  p.  193  (1850)  ;  G.  K.  Gr.  Vat.  BrU.   ' 


31. 


347 


Telvet^black,  the  Interal  ones  of  a  buff  colour,  with  a  band  of  bUck 
at  llie  base ;  upper  wing-coTerta  lead-grey,  the  greater  row  whitish 
baff,  darker  towards  the  inner  ones ;  wing-Bpeculom  on  tlie  secuo- 
dariei>  velvety  bl^ck,  with  a  whit«  apical  hand  on  the  outer  bnlf, 
^oesy  green  on  the  inner  half;  the  first  tertial  vclvet-bluck  on  the 
outer  web ;  primaries  and  tail-feathers  greyish  brown,  the  latter 
with  [Kile  edges ;  under  wing-coverta  grey,  edged  with  white,  the 
central  ones  and  the  oxillaries  wholly  white  :  bill  nearly  black ;  iris 
hazel ;  legs,  toea,  nai  membranes  brownish  grey.  Total  length 
14-5  inches,  wing  7'25,  tail  3,  cnlmen  1'6,  tarsus  I'l. 

PtmaU:  General  colour  of  the  upper  parts  dark  brown,  each 
feather  with  reddish-brown  edges;  upper  part  of  the  head  darker 
than  the  sides,  which  are  whitish,  thickly  B|>eckle<l  with  black ;  a 
blank  line  behind  the  eyes ;  chin  and  throat  whitish ;  tho  feathers 
of  the  bock  and  acapulara  with  two  narrow  tronsrerse  bars  of  huffy 
brown :  undcrparts  whitish,  with  a  reddish  tinge  on  the  breast. 
«ich  fc-ither.  except  those  of  the  belly,  with  obscure  dark  ceatres : 
wing  as  in  the  miUe,  but  somewhat  duller. 

Yoviuf  in  first  plumage  closely  resembles  the  female,  but  the 
wiDg-coverts  have  pale  edgings,  and  the  dork  centres  of  tho  feathers 
appear  also  on  the  belly. 

M-iUt  in  moulting  plumage  resemble  the  adult  females. 

"Ntstlituf  is  yollowiBhwhite  on  tho  underparta,  huff  on  the  forehead 
uid  throul ;  a  dark  brown  streak  from  the  forehead  to  the  crown, 
which,  with  the  upper  parts,  is  brown  ;  a  dark  loral  streak,  and  two 
other  streaks  from  hetuod  the  eye  to  the  nape,  on  each  side" 
{YamU). 

Hah.  The  Pahcarctic  Region,  wintering  in  Northern  Africa  as 
lai  MUth  as  Shoa,  in  Arabia,  Persia,  India,  Ceylon,  Burmah,  China, 
and  Japan  ;  accidentally  in  Orconland,  and  along  the  Atlantic  coast 
of  North  America. 

D,  A.  <f  $  ad.  St, 

c.  e  ad.  sk. 

^.  $  ML  et  pull. 


Gt.  BritaiD. 
Gt.  Britain- 
Kiritwall. 

N.  Ui«, 


Nnimehire,  N.f),,  March. 
St.  Andrew's,  Fifeahire,  Aug. 

(fi.  fS.  W.  R.). 
R.  Edeu,  St.  Andrew's.  Sept. 

(H.  a.  H'.  s.). 

Garroartheo. 
Pembrokeshire. 

Merton,  Norfolk,  May, 

Tring,  Herts,  May. 

Avington,  Feb.  (R.  li.  I 
G.  £.  SheOq/). 


Purchased. 
YaneU  Coll. 
Purchased. 

H.  J.  Elwes,  Esq. 

n.  F.  Rose,  Esq,  [P.]- 
Tweeddale  Cofl. 

Twt-eddale  CoU. 


Montagu  Coll. 
Earl  of  Cawdor  [P.]. 

Lord  Walidneham 

[P.]. 
Hon.   Walter  Roth- 

srhild  [P.]. 
R,  iSowdler  Shorpe, 
Esq.  [P.]. 


248 

u.  J  imiiLBk. 
p.,;  Kd.sk, 
V.  (S  jnv.  sic 

y.  $  ad.  tk. 

&$Bd.Bk. 

a',  h;  c'.  cJ  2  ad. 

sk. 
^.  9  ad.  Hk. 
*■,/.  2  ad.  sk. 
ij'.A'.Sad.flk. 


it'.  (J  luv.  sk. 
/,  m'.  cf  $  od.  ak. 


n'.  rf  ad.  Bk. 
''.p'.g'-tJSad. 

K.  ^'ad-ak. 


Ljolland,  Denmaik,  March 

(Beimn). 
Hungaij,  Aug.  (C.  EJt). 

Valencia,  Spain,  Dec  (H. 
Scamdert). 


Egypt,  March  ((?.  E.  S.). 


Alexandria,  Feb. 
Socotra  {Balfovr). 
Socotra  (BaifaKr). 


Bondeijohan,  Ob  R.,  Sept. 
Valley  of  the  Yen-e-Mi^  E, 

Siberia,    lat.   66}°,  Jiuie 

(H.  S.). 
Samarkand,  March. 
Kashgar  {Bditie). 

Shahidula,  Oct.  (Forti/a). 

Lodak  (SCraoW]. 

Bola  Morghab,  Jan.  (AitM- 


R.  Bowdler  Sharps, 


Hungarian  Natitmal 

Museum  [P.]. 
Tweeddale  UoU. 

Tweeddale  GolL 

H.  i.    Elwes,   Esq. 

Shelley  OoIL 

SheUey  CoU. 
Shellev  Coll. 
The  Kitish  Aasodft- 

tion  [P.]. 
KenneUi  Lof tus,  Esq. 

[P.], 
Dr.  O.  Rnach  [C.]. 
SeebohmOoU. 


',x^.  (J  i  »d.  sk.     Enndahai,  Dec. 


SeebohmColL 
India  Muaeum  [P.y 

India  MuHenm  ^.1. 
India  Muaeiun  [P.J, 
Afghan  Delimitation 

Comm.  nPJ. 
Lt.-Colonel  Swinbos 

[pj. 

HameColL 


31.   HBTTION. 


249 


^-t'.  cJ  ?  ad.  8k. 
ik*.  $  ad.  fik. 

m^.  c^  ad.  sk. 

n*,  o',  ^'.  c^  ad.  ak, 

9*,  r».  cT  2  ad.  ak. 
*',  t^,  2  ad.  ak. 
•i'.  d  ad.  ak. 

r*,  u^.  cf  $  ad.  ak. 
X*.  $  ad.  ak. 
y*.  2  ad.  ak. 
s*.  $  ad.  ak. 

a\  2  ad.  ak. 

A*.  2  ad.  ak. 
c*,  dP  ad.  ak. 

d*-h*,  d  2  ad.  ak. 

et  c?  ad.  at. 
i\  k*,  t*.  2  ad.  et 

cJ  juv.  sk. 
»»*,  »*.  c?  2  ad.  ak. 
o*.  2  ad.  sk. 

i'S  yS  r\  c^  2  ad. 

et  c?  juv.  ak. 
s*.  S  ad.  ak. 

r*.  d  ad.  ak. 
w*.  2  ad.  ak. 

r*.  d  ad.  ak. 

IT*.  2  ad.  sk. 

jr*,  y*.  2  ad.  ak. 
z^.  cT  ad  ak. 

fl*.  Skeleton. 
A'.  Skeleton. 
c*,  d^,  <?'.  Skeletons 

(imperfect). 
/*,  ^,  A\  Skulls. 
I* -ft*.  Sterna. 
o'.  Sternum  with 

shoulder-girdle. 


Native  Sikhim,   March    (Z. 

Mandelli) 
Sikhim. 

Daijeeling. 

Aasam  (McClelland), 

Upper  Asaam  (A,  JF,  Chen- 

neU). 
Manipur,  March  (A.  O.  H,). 
Bengal  (Falconer). 
Behar. 

Calcutta,  Feb.  (A.  O.  H.). 

Deccan  (Sykes). 

Tonghoo. 

Lower  Pegu,  Feb. 

Nr.  Thatone,  Dec.  ( W.  Da- 
vison). 
Malacca,  Dec.  (Maingay). 
8.  Manchuria. 

China. 

China  ( TuckeU). 

Kiukiang  Canal,  China. 
Kiukiang,  Oct. 

Amoy,   China,   Feb.,  Nov. 

(R.  Swinhoe). 
Amoy,   China,    winter   (-R. 

Swinhoe). 
Yezo,  Japan. 
S.  Yezo,  Japan,  Oct.   (Bla- 

kiston). 
Corea. 

Yokohama,   Japan   (If, 

Pnjer). 
Nagasaki,  Japan,  Jan.,  Nov. 
Kechi  village,  Tsu-shima, 

Jan.  (P.  A.  Hoist). 
England. 
Wiirtemberg. 
Nepal. 


Hume  Coll. 

H.    J.  Elwea,   Eaq. 

India  Museum  [P.]. 
India  Museum  [P.]. 
Tweeddale  Colt 

Hume  Coll. 

India  Museum  [P."]. 

B.  H.  Hodgson,  Esq. 

Hume  Coll. 

India  Museum  [P.]. 

Tweeddale  Coll. 

E.  W.  Oates,   Esq. 

[C.]. 
Hume  Coll. 

Tweeddale  Coll. 

II.   M.  James,  Esq. 

[P.]. 
J.   R.   Reeves,   Esq. 

rp.]. 

Tweeddale  Coll. 

Lieut.  Da  vies  [PJ. 

F.  W.  Styan,    Esq. 

[P.I. 
Seebonm  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Tweeddale  Coll. 
Seebohm  Coll. 

C.  W.  CampbeU,  Esq. 

[P.l. 
Seebonm  CoU. 

F.  Ringer,  Esq.  [P.]. 
Seebohm  Coll. 

Purchased. 

Dr.  Giinther  [P.T. 

B.  II.  Hodgson,  Esq. 

[P.]. 


England. 

Hybrid. 
Nettion  crecca  x  Anas  bascas. 


T.  Ingall,  Esq.  [P.]. 


f^f  9'.  d  2  ad.  ak.    Maldon,  Essex  (  Vigors  Coll.),    Zoological  Society. 

(Types  of  QuerquedtUa glocitans,  Vigors.) 


3,  Nettion  carolineiue. 

AniM  crecca,  Vftr.,  Font.  FAi:.  Tram.  Izii.  p.  419  (1772) ;  Adamt, 

Ibis,  1878,  p.  431  (Micbalasbi). 
American  Teal,  Penn.  Arct.  Zool.  ii.  p.  500,  n.  604  (1786) ;  LatA. 

Sun.  iii.  2,  p.  654,  n.  90  ( 1786} ;  id.  Oen.  Hitt.  x.  p.  371  (1824) ; 

Sound.  Yarrtitt  Hixt.  Brit.  B.  iv.  p.  381  (1884-66). 
Auaa  carolineajus,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  3,  p.  633,  n.  103  (1778);  Lath.  Ind. 

Om.  ii.  p.  874,  n.  101  (1790) ;  Dum.  Diet.  Se.  Sat.  t».  p.  399 

(1817);  Ari.*&%,/a.Orji.iiLpl.(a:lTi(l836);  Avd.Syn.9.2Sl 

(1839) ;  Vig.  Beeeh.  Vay.,  Om.  p.  30,  pi.  xiii.  (1839) ;  Aud.  B.  Am. 

Ti.  p.  281,  pi.  392  (1843) ;  Giraud,  B.  Long  hi.  p.  314  (1844) ; 

DeKay,  N.  T.  ZooL  ii.  p.  S40  (1844);  Hartl.   Verz.  Get.  Mat. 

p.  Hi)  (1844)  i  Lemb.  As.  C<d>.  p.  114  (1850) ;  Reinh.  Vid.  Med. 

1853,   p.  84  (Gieenland)  (1854);    Wied,  J.  f.   0.  1859,  p.  172; 

Beinh.  Ibia,   1631,  p.  13  ^Qreenlaiid) ;   Trippe,  iV.  £h.  Intt.  vi. 

p.  119  (Minnesot*)  (1871) ;  Gieb.  Thu.  Om.  i.  p.  346  (1872); 

&eSA.Hi»(.  JnY,  .S.iii.  p.549(1885);  A.O.  U.  Check- Utt,  p.  116, 

n.   139  (1886) ;    Turner,   Contr.  N.  H.  Alatka,  p.  132  (Alaska) 

(1886) ;  Neh.  Nat.  HUt.  Coll.  in  Alaeka,  p.  68  (1887) ;  Ridgui.  Man. 

N.  Am.  B.  p.  94  (1887) ;  Satch,  B.  o/Mmnet.  p.  44  (1891). 
Anaa  americana,  Bonn,  {nee  Gm.)  Ene.  Mtth.  i.  p.  155  (1791). 
Anaa  migratoiia,  BaHr.  Traixh,  p.  295  (1791). 
*""i8  ereoca,  Witt,  (nee  Linn.)  Am.  Om.  viiL  p.  101,  pL  60,  f.  1 


(1814) ;  Bp.  Obt.  Nomend.  Wileon,  n.  263  (1825) ;  id.  Sun.  p.  31 

(1828);  Aud.   Om.  Biogr.  iii.  p.  218  (1836),  t.  p.  616,  pL  2! 

>) ;  Schleg.  Mat.  P.-B.,  Anseres,  p.  52  (part.)  (1866), 


Anasaylvfttica,  Firttf.  iV.  D.T.p.  167  (1816). 

Querquedula  caroliueDus,  Steph.  Gen.  Zool.  xu.  2,  p.  148  (1834) ; 

Bp.  Camp.  List,  p.  67  (1838);  But.  Man.  Anat.  p.  124  (1638); 

G.  R.  Gr.  List  B.  Brit.  Mut.  iii.  p.  187  (1844) ;  td.  Gen.  B.  m. 

p.  616,  n.  2  (184.5) ;  Rchnb.  Syu.  Ai:,  Nftlatoraa,  t.  89.  ff,  183-89 
(1815) ;  Jard.  Ann.  ^  Mag.  N.  H.  ii.  p.  377  (Tobago)  (1847) ; 
Gofse,  B.  Jam.  y.  408  (1847) :   flcinfi.  Syn.  Av.,  Nalatoren,  t  "" 


1888,  p.  61; 


3):   TViWr.   Cat.   Coll. 
%.  CoU.Surg.m.^SfA 


s.-pA 

P  Querqiiedula  sinonciuwi,  Brekm,  l»it,  1830,  p.  S98  (deacr.  nulla) ; 

id.  Vog.  UeutKht.  p.  887  (1831) ;  id.  Vogelf-^.  Srft  (1865). 
P  Quorqiwdula  grosnlaodiea,  Bnhm,  Iti»,  1830,  p.  998  (deaci.  nulla) ; 

id.   Vbg.  BruUchl.  p.  887  (iBSlJ. 
Anas  (Bosdias)  crecca,  tta.,  Sw.  if  SicA.  Faun.  Bor.-Am.  ii.  pp.  400, 

408  (1831). 
Boachaa  caroUneoHS,  Jard.  edit,  of  Wiium,  iii.  p.  IS4  (1832) ;  Stc. 

aoM.J».ii.p.367(lS3r). 
Boachaa  crecca  aiu«iricaita,  Z>mMy,  J*.  2.  &  1947,p.40. 
Nettion  carolineiiBis,  Baird,  B.  N.  Am.  p.  777  (1858) ;  id.  Mex.  B. 

Surv.  ii.  pt.  ii.  Birdg,  p.  26  (1859) :  W.  Cat.  JV.  /Im.  5.  n,  57U 

(18581 ;  .Bryimt,  iV.  Bod.  Soe.  N.  U.  vii.  p.  122  (BaLamaa)  (18-59) ; 

Cxw.  4-  &wU  A',  .ff.  Waih.  Terr.  p.  2&i  (1860)  (  Coue*,  Pr.  Ac. 

fftOad.  1861,  p.  236  (Labrador) ;  Hayd.  Hep.  1862,  p.  175 ;  Bou, 

n 1    «■  J  _':   _   le.i  /nr.n- i-Di/iaiWi.   ;j    \t,t    Wi'j    0... 


1£2  (MeKende  R.)  (1862) ;  id.  Nat  Hid.  Sev. 
!);  DrMitrjIbis,  I*«6,  p.43(TeiM);  Coaet,  Pr. 


Canad.  Xat,  tii.  t 

(3)  ii.  p.  287  (186: 

Aead-TUlad.  1866,  p.  98  {  Atuodh]  ;  Gmdl.  Srp.  Fit.-Xat.  Cuba,  i. 

p.  888  (Cuba)  (1866) ;  Lawr.  Aim.  Lye.  N.  Y.  viii.  p.  287  (1867) ; 

l>aU^Bam.   Tr.  Chic.  Ac.  i. ji.  W(J   (Aliwka,  breeding)  (1869); 

atop.  U.S.  Oeol.  Surt.  Terr.  18,0,  p.  466  (Wj-ominti) ;  G.  £.  Or. 

SaKd-litt.  iii.  p.  83,  □.  106G4  (1871);  AUen,  BuU.  ifua.  Cimp. 

ZfBot.  iii.  p.  183  (Kansas  and  Utali )  ( 1872) ;  Tripjit,  Pr.  Ba^.  Soe. 

K.  U.  IV.  p.  241  (Iowa)  (1872);  Aikea,  ibid.  p.  310  (Colorado) 

(1672) ;  Laar.  Mem.  Boit.  Sx.  X.  U.  ii.  p.  314  (Mexico)  (1874)  ; 

GunM.  J.f.  O.   1875,  p.  381   (Cuba);  Bidgw.  Sam.  X.  Am.  B. 

n.  eia  (1881)  i  B.,  k,  *  B.  WiOer-B.   N.  Am.  ii.  p.  2  (1884) ; 

Nekrl.  J.f.  O.  1885,  p.  147  ;  MatfiA.  u.  Zietiier,  ibid.  p.  191. 
Qoerquedula  americatia,  Murr.  Edinb.  Ktv  Philot.  Joura.  is.  p.  280 

(IffiS). 
Nettion  earolinenae,  Bl^dst.  IbU,  1802,  p.  »,  18G3,  p.  147  (Brit.  N. 

Am,);  BrirtCTi, /iw,  1868,p.  426{VaQcouvetL). 
Qneniiuidula  (Nettion)  carolmensis,  Cuue',  Key  S.  Am.  B.  p.  695, 

f.  462  nBS4). 
QueiqueauU  cn-cca,  Tar,  carulioenaiB,  Dub.  Faun.  Vert.  Brig.,  Oit. 

ii.  p.  J53  (1892). 

AduU  male.  Similar  to  that  of  &',  ereeea,  but  the  whitish  tine 
wtiidi  Eurrounda  the  green  patch  on  tbo  Bidea  of  the  head,  and  posBes 
dawn  to  tbo  base  of  tbo  bill,  is  almost  obBolete  ;  tbo  Boupulars  ue 
nniform  [lolc  sinte-grej^,  with  no  white,  iind  there  is  a  brond  whitish 
crwcent  on  each  aide  of  the  breast  in  front  of  the  shoulder. 

Female.  Appiirently  indistingubhable  from  that  of  A',  crtcra. 

Bat.  Northern  America,  from  Alaska  and  Greenland,  to  Mciico, 
Hondorae,  and  the  West  Indies  ;  accidentally  in  Europe. 

It,  b.  ij  i  »d.  ei.         N.  America.  Auduboo  Coll. 

a.  d  imm.  ek.  X.  America.  U.    J.    Elwes,    Eaq. 

d.  iad.ik.  N.  America.  Capt.KulIett&  Lieut. 

Wood  ri'.]. 

Sir  G.  Back  [P.l 
J.  K.  Lord,  &CL.  [P.]. 


Arctic  Land  Exped. 
W.  ^de  Rocky  Uts. 


i,  k.  $  ad.  et  <f      Britiali  Columbia. 


m.  5  juv.  Rk. 


II.  (7  ad.  ek, 

e.  cT  juT.  sk. 

w-e'.  (^  $  ad.  Bk. 

/*.  rf  jUT.  «k. 
ff'.  $  ad.sk. 

h;  i*.  (J  S  ad.  8k. 
*'.  ',  m'.  cf  5  ad. 


Waahington,  B.C. 
Kee waken     Vol.,    Oregon, 
Aug.  [S.  W.  Hmihavi). 
Uwh,  Nov.  (H.  W.  H.). 
4t>thPsiaUd. 

Repulse  Baj. 

Ontonagon,  Michigan,  Oct. 

(^A.  J.  Dm/an), 
Hudson  R.,  Albany,  New 

YoA  (J.  H.Hvrtt). 
Ljon's  Falls,  New  York,  Dec. 

(A.  J.  D.). 
CorpuB  Christi,  Texas,  Oct., 

Dec.  (F.  B.  Arnutrong). 
Mexico. 
Hermodllo,  State  of  Sonora, 

Mexico,  Nov.  (F.  Ferrari 

Perec). 
Preadio,  Mexico,  Jen.  {A. 

Forrer). 
ZacatecsA,  Mexico,  Feb.  (  W. 

£.  Jti<Aard»on). 


,.[P.]. 


GoTenunt  of  Canada 

LP-]- 

Dr.  J.  Rae  [P.], 
Salviii-GodniHii  ColL 

Tweeddale  Coll. 

Sal  vin-Godman  ColL 

Salvin-Godmaa  ColL 


SalTin-OodmaD  ColL 
SalTin-Qodman  Coll. 


4.  Nettion  castanevm. 


P  AntyiuneWta.  r«r.,  G.  R.  Gr.  P. Z.  S.  1860. p,  166  (Sew Caledooial; 


Mur;  Rev.  et  Mag.  de  Zool  1 


id.  Cat.  B.  Trup.  III.  p.  55  (New  Culedonia) 

42  (Naw  Caledonia) 
■.S.  1871,  p.  040  (noti 
I. :»,  154  (bulU  otsfsa.  only 


.pp. 


100,  i 


(1«63). 


Jiamt.  Fr, 


I 


Jftin.  Sbc.  CAn-4.  i     , 
AOM  casUneA,  ^.  A^pic 

Xmd.  Sac.  y.  S.  W.  iii.  p 

(1878) :  fiWat.  P.  Z.  S.  18t 

4»:  Sobiio.   Orn.  Ofntra^W.   Itie2,  p.  1 

p.  61  (1SS2);  «o/m(i.  Om.  Pap.  e  Mol.  iii,  p.  396  '(1882) ;  Salv. 

Cat.  B.  Strickl.  OiO.  p.  SaO  (1882) ;  Sdat.  Ua  VfH.  At*.  8th  ed. 

p.  432  (188:1) ;  [lliia.  ZriUckr.ga.  Om.  a.  p.  82H  (188.1) ;  Ltyge,  Pr. 

S.  Soe.  Tn,m.  1886,  p.  i>44  (Tasmania)  (1887) ;  Bama.  Tab.  LUt, 

5-22,0.069(1888):  Tristr.fW.  CW/.  Rp.  49(1889) ;  JVortA,  Qif. 

Aetti  ^  Eyjg  Awilr.  B.  p.  3-11  (1889) ;  Keartland,  Viet.  Nat.  Tii. 

p.  46  {Australia)  (1890). 
Auu  (Virago)  caatanea,  part.,   Ba'nt,  Pr.  Linn.  Soe.  X,  S.  W.  u. 

p.  200,0.058(1877). 
Virago  casWnea,  Stfjn.  Kiagtl.  Stanil.  Nat.  Wit.  it.  p.  ll-i  (1885), 

AJmU  malf.  Head  and  neck  dark  glossy  green,  with  bronze  re- 
flections in  aomo  bghts  ;  mantle  and  buck  black,  each  feather  edged 
with  chestnut :  rump,  upper  and  under  tail-covertfi  deep  black,  with 
a  green  gloaa ;  breaat  and  abdomen  chestnut,  with  round  black  epota, 
thoee  on  the  sides  and  flanks  letter  ;  on  the  lower  flanks  u  whitish- 
buffband  bordering  exteriorly  the  block  under  tail-coverts:  scapulars 
and  wings  dark  olive-brown,  the  former  narrowly  edged  with 
cheetnat ;  the  lost  row  of  npper  wing-coverts  white,  slightly  tinged 
with  reddish ;  wiDg-spccuIum  on  the  secondaries  vclToty  black,  with 
a  metallic  green  bond,  glossed  with  coppery  red,  on  the  upper  half; 
at  the  tip  of  tho  sccondariea  a  reddiah-white  narrow  band ;  under 
wing-ooTerte  olive-lirown,  some  of  the  inner  ones  white  :  axillaries 
white ;  tail  brown-block  ;  "  bill  bluish  leod-oeloar,  nail  and  the 
edges  of  the  upper  mandible  black,  the  under  mandible  crossed  near 
tho  dp  by  a  band  of  reddish  fleah-oolour  ;  iiides  hazel ;  feet  lead- 
colonr,  with  the  membranes  of  a  somewhat  darker  hue  "  (Ooid<{), 
Total  length  about  18-5  inches,  wing  9,  tail  4'5,  culmen  1-5, 
tonus  1-4. 

FemaU.  Upper  part  of  tbo  head  dark  brown,  with  some  ligiit 
«dges  to  the  feathers,  aides  of  the  bend  paler,  thickly  streuked  with 
dusky :  chin  and  throat  whiliah,  immoculate ;  upper  part*  brown, 
the  feathera  edged  with  pale  reddish  or  greyish ;  lower  back  and 
romp  almost  uniform  brown :  tho  feathers  of  the  undcrparts  light 
fulvoua  or  nifesccnt'-grey  on  the  margins,  with  obscure  brown  spota 
in  the  c«ntre,  especially  on  the  breast  and  udes,  each  feather  having 
a  broad  central  mark  of  blackish  brown ;  sides  and  under  tail- 
coverts  darker  than  the  rest  of  the  undorparta ;  wing-coverts  uniform 
dork  greyish  brown,  with  an  olive  lustre,  the  greater  or  last  row 
white,  forming  a  band  broader  outwardly  than  inwardly  ;  speculum 
■■n  the  secon^rios  velvety  black,  tipped  with  a  white  band,  but  the 
three  middle  secondaries  metallic  green  on  the  outer  web ;  primaries 
and  tul-feathcrs  dark  brown  ;  under  wing-coverts  dark  brown,  the 
grwlet  ones  dark  grey  and  the  innermost,  with  the  asillarics,  white. 


t  inches,  wing  i 


,  tail  3'5,   cnlinen   1*4, 


254 


Total  length  about    '. 
tarsuB  1-3. 

Taung  in  down.  Upper  parts  brown,  the  upper  part  of  the  head 
darker  ;  sides  of  the  head,  foro-neck,  and  lower  parts  whitish,  with 
a  rafescent  tinge  ;  a  dark  brown  band  from  the  lores,  through  the 
eyes  backwards ;  a  small  dark  spot  at  the  gape ;  two  whidsh- 
mfescent  spots  on  tlie  back,  at  the  hose  of  the  wings,  and  two  more 
on  the  sides  of  the  ramp. 

ffab.  Australia,  New  Zealand,  and  New  Caledonia  (?),  and  as  a 
straggler  in  Celebes  and  Java. 


a.  (f  nd.  St. 

b.  <f  ad.  sk. 

c.  d.  tJ  ad.  Bk. 
e.  <i  ad.  sk. 
/.  F  2  imm.  Bk. 
y.P$  inim.sk. 
A,i  J  ad.  et  PS 

ad.  St. 
i.  d  ad.  P  sk. 


Australia. 
Australia. 

Australia. 
Sydney  P 
Port  Essin^n. 


N.W.  Australia. 


n,  o.  cf  ad.  et  I 

ad.Bk. 
p.  P  $  ad.  sk. 
J.  PulL  ak. 
r.  $  Bd.Bk. 


N.W.  Australia,  April 
Perth  Flats,  W.  Australia, 

Maj. 
S.  Australia. 

S.  Australia. 

Australia. 

FliadeiB  I.,  Bass'  Stiaits,  Jan. 

(F.  Af.  Ita^er). 
Tasmania. 
Kecherche    Bay,    Tasmania, 


Ilardwicke  Bequest. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 
Tweeddale  CoU. 
J.  B.  Jukes,  Esq.  [P.]. 
Dr.  Sibbald  [Prj. 
Australian    Museum 

[P.l. 
Cant.  Bowyer  Bower 

J.R.ElseT,E8q.[P.]. 
Oould  GolL 

Sir  G.  Grey  [P.]. 


Voyage    of    H 

*  Alert 'ip.]. 

B.  Qunn,  Esq. 


[P.]. 


id.  Cat.  B.  Trap.  III.  p.  55  (1869) ;   T'^err.  ^  Det  Man,  Res.  et 

Mag.  Zoot.  18C0,  p.  442. 
Anns  gibbifronB,  Walt.  P.  Z.  S.  1863,  p.  487  (Flores,  Timor) ;  Fmteh. 

yru-Gum.  p.  183  l\fm)  i  Ei/f.  Syn.  Anat.  p.  94  (1869). 
Anas  punctata.   Oould,  HaniUt.  B.  Austr.  ii.  pp.  3I!€,  366  (part.) 

(laW))  i   iSctat.  P.  Z.  S.  1866,  p.  861 :  yewt.  P.  Z.  S.  1871,  p.  649, 

fig.  2  (stenum),  Bfr.  4  (trachea  with  bulla  oeseu). 
Abm  tpbberifroiw,  Sp&Ug.  Miu.  P.-B.,  Anseres,  p.  68  (1^66) :  BiUl&r, 

Ibit,  1870,  p.  450;  Utitt.  Cat.  B.  New  Ztal.  p.  86  (1871);  GM. 

Thu.  Om.  i.  p.  363  (1872) ;  Jtartl.  Ibit,  1877,  p.  ftlS ;  id.  VOg. 

Madag.  pp.  364,  366  (1877) ;  Hama.  Pr.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.  u. 

p.  209  (1877).  iii.  p,  38  (1878) ;  PosnO,.  Malay.  AreAip.  p.  279 

(Celebes)  (1878-79) i  FivMch,  Ibit,  18*10,  p.  3»7i   Sclat.  P.  Z.  S. 

1680,  pp.  462, 619,  1662,  p.  463,  pi.  xxxiii. ;  Sclat.  ^  Sali>.  Ibit, 

1882,  p.  538  (note) ;  fkilmd.  Ont.  Pap.  «  .Vol.  iii.  p.  398  (1882) : 

Rchnte.  On,   CtntralbL  1862,  p.   19 ;   id.   Vih.  sout.  G.lrt.  p.  63 

(1883) ;  Vordgrm.  JV'.  T.  N.  I.  ifi.  p.  219  (Java)  (1882) ;  Stlat.  LUt 

VrH.  An.  8Ih  ed.  p.  432  (1883);    Bias.   Zeifrhr.  get.    Om.  ii. 

p.  3^  (Celebes)  (1686),  iu.  p.  171  (1686) :  Rams.  Pf.  Linn.  Soc. 

y.S.  »-.  (2)i.p.  1151  (1886);  id.  7"nft.i«(, p. 22, 11.670(1888)! 

Bua.  B.  A'ea  Zeal.  2nd  od.  p.  261  (1668) ;  Triafr.  Cat.  Colt.  B. 

p.  49  fE.  Timor)  (188))) ;  North.  Cat.  NrtU  atid  Egi;s  Auttr.  B. 

p.  342  (1889):  Keartl   Vict.  JVtit.   vii.  p.  46   (Australin)  (1600); 

Hariert,  Knt.  Vogetiamml.  p.  231  (1891);  Wigtemi.  ,4iw*  Polgn. 

p.  70  (1892). 
Auas  mnta,  S.  Mull,  (ubi  9),Jide  Schlrg.  Mm.  P.-B.,  .\iweres,  p.  68, 

m  tyn.  A.  gibberifrontis. 
Anu  giBcilis,  Butler,  Ibie,  1869,  p.  41  (New  Zealand) ;  Haatt,  I.  e. 

p.  42  (do1«)  (South  Aiutralia);  Fitaeh,  Hid.  p.  360(=^bberi' 

frons);  Sutler,  Trans.   N.  Z.    Imt.   i  "'"     ' -"       "    - 


TVmu.  JV,  Z.  Inil.  i 


J02  (1869);  Bnllm, 
i.  p.  271  (1880). 

Anas  (Querquedula)  ^bberifcooB,  Pintch,  Ibit,  1869,  p.  380, 

Hareca  cartaupa,  Marie  (nee  Egt.),Ae(,  Soc.  Linn.  Bard,  xivii.  p,  328 
(New  Caledonia)  (1870);  id.  Ibit,  1S77.  p.  363;  Lagard,  Ibit, 
1682,  pp,  638,  644, 

Nettion  pbberifronB,  O.  B.  Gr.  Haml-litt,  iii,  p.  63,  n,  10663  (I67I). 

Ajuu  (Virwo)  Malanea,  part,,  Rami.  Pr.  Iahh.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.  u. 
p.  200,  n.  658(1877). 

Anaa  CMtauea,  Ramn.  (nee  Egt.)  Pr.  Linn.  Soe.  y.  S.  W.  iii,  p,  115 
(UaU  Sniind,  Ethel  Rirer)  (1878),  p.  301  (S.  New  Guinea)  (1679), 
i».  p.  102,  n,  212  (Port  Moreeby,  South  Cape)  (1879);  Selat.  (nte 
&i.)  P.Z.S.  187)1.  p.  627  (Zool.  Gard.);  id.  Litf  VeH.  Ah. 
&ol.  Soe.  Lond.  1678,  p.  367 1  Sutt.  Traiu.  A'.  Z  Intl.  iii.  p.  273 
(leSO)  ;  Salitad.  Ann.  Mut.  Cif.  Gen.  xviij.  p.  402,  a  6  (1882). 

Advlt  male.  Upper  part  of  the  head  dark  brown,  witb  the  edges 
of  the  feathers  reddish  or  greyish;  «idcfl  of  the  head  paler,  thickly 
strcalccd  with  black  or  brotm  ;  chin  and  throat  white,  imm.-iculato  ; 
upper  parts  brown,  the  feathers  edged  with  pole  reddish,  the 
(eathera  of  the  lower  hook  and  rump  almost  uniform,  with  edges 
•carccly  paler ;  the  feathers  of  the  undcrparts  light  fulvous  on  the 
margins,  with  obscure  brown  spots  in  tho  centre,  especially  on  the 
breast  and  sides  of  the  body,  each  feather  having  a  broad  oentnd 
mark  of  blackish  brown  :  sides  and  under  tail-coverts  darker  thaa 
Ihe  rest  of  Ihc  underparts  ;  wing-eoverta  dark  greyish  browo,  with 
an  olive  luslrc,  the  grc3l«r  rovr  white,  forming  a  band  broader 


L-iM^ 


J 


2o6  AHATID^B. 

outwardly  ttian  inwardly  ;  epecolam  on  the  secondariee  velvety 
black,  tipped  with  a  wbit«  band,  but  the  three  middle  eecondariee 
metalUo  green  on  the  outer  web ;  primaries  and  tail-feathers  dark 
brown  ;  under  wing-coverts  dark  brown,  the  greater  ones  dark  grey, 
the  innennoet  and  the  axillariea  whit«  :  "  irides  yellowish  brown  ■ 
bill  bluish  black,  on  the  edges  somewhat  greenish,  with  the  nail 
black ;  the  tip  of  the  lower  mandible  yeUowisb ;  feet  lead-colour, 
with  a  yellowish  tint "  (S.  MiiUer).  Total  length  17  inches,  wing  8, 
tail  4,  bill  1-5,  tarsus  1-25. 

Female.  Somewhat  smaller  than  the  male,  and  paler:  "iris 
brick-red ;  bill  black,  with  a  yellow  band  across  the  middle  of  the 
lower  mandible  ;  feet  greyish  purple "  (Zoria).  Total  length  15'5 
inches,  wing  7-5,  tail  3'5. 

This  species  is  absolutely  similar  to  the  supposed  female  of  N.  cat- 
taneum,  both  in  colour  and  dimensions,  so  that  I  am  utterly  unable 
to  diatinguiab  it ;  still  it  seems  quite  certain  that  they  are  not 
identical,  as  birds  in  the  pluma^  of  Anat  ffibberifront  have  bred, 
and,  perhaps,  are  still  breeding,  in  the  Zoological  Gardens  of 
London. 

In  the  Hon.  W.  Rothschild's  collection  there  are  two  specimens, 
brought  frozen  in  the  flesh  &om  Melbourne :  one  is  in  the  plumage 
of  the  male  ^.  cottaneum,  and  the  other  in  that  of  the  suppoaedfeniale 
of  the  same,  and  both,  having  been  dissected,  proved  to  be  msles  ; 
I  have  seen  the  testiclcB  and  the  windpipe,  with  the  bulla  ossea,  of 
both;  one  bad  tbe  testioles  enormously  developed,  showing  that  it 
was  killed  in  the  breeding-season. 

I  have  seen  also  a  male  bird  that  lived  in  the  Zoological  Gardens 
of  London,  which  has  the  plumage  of  N.  gibherifrma,  or  female 
N.  eastaneamy  but  shows  on  the  breast  a  distinct  reddish  tinge. 
a  hybrid  of  tho  two  epecicB  'i 


31,  METIION. 


257 


6.  Kettdon  albignl&re.    (Pkte  U.  %.  1.) 
QiiprqueduU  ADdamBDen^is,  TijtUr,  16u,  1867,  p.  333,  a.  89  (deacr, 

mlUa). 
Nettion  ftDdamanenBiB,  G.  R.  Or.  Hand-Htt,  tii.  p.  84,  n.  ]0C6(» 

(1871). 
Anas  andamanonaui,  Oifb.  Thtt.  Ont.  i.  p,  S44  (1872). 
Marec*  punctota,  "  Cui-:'?,  Hall,  J.  A.  S.  S.  sli.   3,  p.  290,  n.  62 

(Andanwiw)  (1872) :  id.  Sir.  Ftath.  i.  p.  88  ( 1872), 
Mureca  nlbogularis,  Sumf.  Str.  Fiath.  L  p.  303  (Andanmnfl)  (Febr. 

1(*7.1) ;  Bhnf.  Ibit.  1873,  p.  236. 
Mnreca  gibben&ons,  WaM.  {ncc  S.  Miill.)  thu,  1B7S,  p.  ^1 ;  Uumt, 

Nntt  l^  Eapi,  p.  fU4  (Asdamius)  (1873) ;  id.  SCr.  Fealh.  ii.  p.  31(1 

(1H74):    Waid.  in  tilythU  H.  of  Burm.  p.  100  (note)  (1873); 

TtCftdd.  Orn.  Work*,  p.  251  (ADdamfius)  (1881). 
AOM  pimcteta.  ninth  {luc  Cuv.),  B.  of  Burm.  p,  lOfi  (note)  (1875). 
Qaeraaednln  gibbcrirmns,  HHme  (iim  3.  AfitlL),  Str.  Feati.  viii.  p.  1 15. 

n.  966  ttr  (lS7fi) ;  Hume  *  Marth.  Oama  B.  of  Ind.  in.  p.  243. 

pi  83  (1880) ;  Hume,  NeiU  ^  Sffs/a  <fflnd.  B.  [ed.  Oatm],  iii.  p.  SIO 


at.  P.  Z.  S.  1 


I,  p.  614  (ZooL  Qud.  of 


I 


Adntt  mate.  Upper  part  of  the  hood  brown  ;  this  colour  covers  also 
the  upper  part  of  the  cheuks  and  gradually  ch^Dges  ioto  the  white  of 
the  lower  part  of  the  cheeks  and  throat ;  the  brown  of  the  cheeks 
with  obsoleto  dusky  etrealu ;  round  the  eyes  there  is  a  ring  of  white 
fc«thera,  broader  below ;  in  some  specimens  on  the  lores  or  at  the 
bitso  of  the  bill  there  are  some  white  feathers  ;  iip[>or  parts  brown, 
the  edges  of  the  feathers  of  the  back  a<jd  Bcapulara  pale  brown  : 
rump  uniform  ;  feathers  of  the  breast  and  abdomen  pale  brown  in 
t)ie  centre,  and  broadly  margined  with  brownish  fawn-coloiu', 
producing  a  mottled  appearance ;  under  tail-coverts  brown,  .ilmosl 
uniform ;  npper  wing-coverts  dark  brown,  greater  or  last  row  of 
upper  wing-coverts  white,  forming  a  band,  diminiabing  in  breadth 
and  tinged  with  brown  inwardly  ;  speculum  velvety  black,  with  u 
longitudinal  copporj'-green  band  on  the  middle,  from  the  seventh 
to  the  ninth  secoadarj-,  and  bounded  at  the  lip  by  a  buff  band  ;  the 
ftret  secondary  broadly  white  on  tho  outer  web ;  tertials  broadly 
volvety  black  on  the  outer  web ;  primaries  brown,  with  an  olive 
Instre ;  under  wing-eoverts  brown,  the  median  ones  tipped  with 
whi[« ;  (txiilnries  white  ;  tail  brown  :  "  legs  and  feet  greenish  blue 
to  plumbeous,  webs  usnally  darker  ;  bill  plumbeous,  nail  black  ;  iii 
some  tbe  lower  mandible,  in  one  the  terminal  two-thirds  of  this. 
pink ;  iridea  reddish  brown  to  deep  reddish  brown  "  (Hume).  Totiil 
length  17  to  18  inches,  wing  7  to  S,  tail  4  to  4-2,  culinen  1-J. 
tarsus  1'!)  to  1'4. 

Femalt.  Bimilor  to  the  male,  but  smaller,  and  tho  lower  surfaw- 
duller  and  the  Centerings  of  the  feathers  less  marked,  the  green 
band  on  the  wing-spectdum  more  coppery.  Total  length  15-6  to 
16  inches,  wing  725  to  "■4,  culmen  1-3  lo  1'35. 

Tming  birds  are  similar  to  the  females,  bat  the  dusky  marldn^s 
of  the  under  surface  are  even  less  distinct. 

VOL.  XXV II.  H 


TIuBSpeciee  is  very  Bimilat  to  Jf.^t66m/rm«aiid  to  the  female  of 
N.  eattaneum,  bat  it  diffm  Id  having  the  sides  of  the  head  darker 
and  mure  nnifoim  brawn,  with  the  darker  streaks  almost  obsolete ; 
besides  it  bss  a  ring  of  wMte  feathen  round  the  eyes,  and  the  first 
secondary  with    the  outer   web    entirely  or  broadly  edged  with 

Sab,  Andaman  Islands. 


a-«.  tJ  5  sd.  sk. 

/,^.  $ad.  etjuy, 

sk. 
it  $  ad.8k. 

i,k,l.  d»d.A. 

m.  cJ  sd.sk, 

B-r.  (J  $  ad.  ak. 

1.  $  ad.  sk. 
/-y.  (J  £  ad.  sk. 
z.  Ad.ak. 


S.  Andamans,  Feb.  {S.  G. 

W.  S.). 
S.    Andamana,    May,    Dec. 

(R.  J.  WiTnixTley). 
S.    Anduaans,    April    (S. 

J.  jr.). 

Fort  Mouet,  S.  AndamanB, 
April  ( W.  Daouon). 

Port  Blair,  S.  Andamans, 
May  (11.J.  W.). 

Port  Blfur,  S.  Andsmanfl, 
March  to  May  (  W.  Bavuon 
^M.J.  WimUrhj/). 

Port  Blair,  8.  Andamans, 
June  (S.  f.  W.). 

Dnngleaf  Creek,  Andamans, 
Jan.,  Dec  {W.  Davwm). 

AndaMaus. 


7.  NettioiL  beimeri. 


Tweeddale  Coll. 
Tweeddale  ColL 
HtuneColL 
Hume  Coll. 
Tweoddala  ColL 
Hnme  ColL 

R.  Bowdler  Shoipe, 

HumeCoil| 

Hnme  OoU.  f 
(Typee  of  the  speciea.) 


P  Sarc«lle  de  Madagascar,  Sgtmdn,  XoUi  lur  le*  Mamm.  el  FOm.  de 
Madoff.  p.  48  (Mim.  Soc.  Mut.  d'Hut.  Nat.  de  Stratb.  1840). 

Querquedula   bernk-ri,  J.    I'en:   MS.   in   Mus.    Vindob.  et  Pan»\ 
Hertt.  J./.  Q.  1880,  p.  ]73;  id.  Oni.  Jieitr.  Fattn.  Madag.  p.  82 


259 

Adult  malt.  Head  and  neck  pale  reddish  ttrowD,  ihickJy  streaked 
with  bluckiHh ;  npper  part  of  the  head  darker ;  back  brown,  the 
feathers  narrowly  edged  with  rntoua-grey  ;  ramp  and  upper  t^ii- 
coverts  browii-olivo,  almost  uniform ;  breasi  and  ubdcmen  dull 
reddish,  with  the  centres  of  the  fcathera  pale  brown,  producing  a 
mottled  appearance ;  longest  tinder  tail-coverts  uniform  brown ; 
upper  wing-coverts  dark  grey,  the  last  row  with  the  apical  portion 
«aite,  forming  a  white  band,  much  broader  outwardly  and 
decreasing  inwardly;  speculum  velvety  black,  bounded  at  the  tip 
by  a  broad  white  band ;  primaries  blackish  brown  ;  tertiala  and 
ecapnlars  greyish  brown,  with  narrow  reddish  margins;  under 
wing-ooverta  dark  brown;  aiillaries  white;  tail-featheJa  brown, 
with  paler  tips:  "  irides  browu  ;  beak  and  feet  red  "  (6VaikIi(ii«'); 
"beak  reddish  brown,  feet  brown"  (^ii*.  SothK-hUd).  Total 
length  Ifi  to  17  inches,  wing  8,  tail  4,  oulmen  1-5,  tarsus  1*5. 
(JfBJt.  RothKhild.) 

FgmaU.  Similar  to  the  male,  only  somewhat  smaller,  and  the 
dask}'  spota  on  the  underparta  duller.  {Mm.  RoOufhild.) 

Imntature  bird.  Similiir  to  the  adult,  but  the  dusky  spots  OD  the 
uuderparts  more  longitudinal,  streak-like ;  the  browa  under  tail- 
coverts  not  uniform,  but  distinctly  margined  with  reddish  buff. 

This  species,  although  nearly  related  to  N,  gibherifrona,  is  porfeotly 
distinct,  having  the  bill  much  smaller  and  red,  the  spots  on  the 
breast  paler  and  less  defined  ;  the  upper  wing-coverts  more  grey  ; 
the  speculum  velvety  black,  without  the  green  longitudinal  band ; 
the  wbit«  baud  at  the  tip  of  the  secondaries  broader,  pure  white, 
witli  no  trace  of  rufous  tinge  ;  the  axillaries  pore  white  instead  of 
brown. 

The  figure  in  the  'Oiseanx  do  Madagascar'  is  not  exact  and 
rather  misleading,  showing  the  speculum  with  bloc  and  green 
gloM,  the  white  band  on  the  last  row  of  the  wing-coverts  eqoally 
broad,  iustuad  of  gradually  diminishing  in  breadth  inwardly,  and 
the  general  colour  too  rofcscent. 

Bab.  Madagascar. 
«.  Inun.  sk.  Madagascar  (  ran  Z)a»i)  SbeUey  Coll. 

8.  Hettioa  capense. 
Cape  Wigwn.  lath.  Sj/H.  iil  2.  p.  51B,  n.  M  (1785). 
Anas  capeniis,  Om.  S.  N.  i.  2,  p.  627,  n.  98  (1788)  («  Latham); 

Lath.   Itid.   Om.  ii.  p.  881,  n.  73  (1790);  Bonn.  Enc.  Mith.i. 

p.  148  (1791);  rieili.   N.  D.  v.  p.  164  (1816)  i  Dam.  Diet.  &. 

liat.  Ti.  p.  3tJ8  (1817) ;  O.Jt.Or.  Oen.  B.  iii.  p.  616,n.  1-3  (1845) ; 

Lie/a.NommH.Av.v.\(i\  (1854);  Peh.  Novara  Bat.,  Fey.  p.  138 

(1866):  Chapm.  TVon.  m  «.  ^.  li.  App.  p.4£2{1668);  O.h.Gr. 

mptd-iut,  ui.  p.  8a,  n.  10(MO  (sjn.  emend.)  (1871):  Oitb.  Thtn. 

On*.  i.p.316(Byn.  emend.)  (1872);  '<  Gadcm,J.f.  0.1877,p.389; 

Sah.  Gii.  B.  Strifkl.  CoO.  p.  6S4,  n.  2002  (syn.  emend.)  (1883) ; 

Salvad.  P.  Z.  S.  1BB4,  pi.  liii. ;  Hartert,  Kaf.  Vogilatmml.  p.  381 

(1891). 
Mam»  cspensis,  Slrpk.  Gm.  SM.  lii.  2,  p.  139  (1824) ;  G.  R.  Or. 


Gtn.  B.  m.  p.  614,  n.  6  (1845> ;  Layard,  Btrdt  S.  A/r.  p.  361 
(1867) ;  id.  Oil,  1869,  p.  26 ;  Ayra,  lint,  1809,  p.  302  (Trans- 
Ta&l);   Oum.  m  Anderti.  B.  Dainara Lattd,  p.  339  (]872). 

Chauliodua  capenala,  Sa.  Jourti.  Roy.  Inst.  ii.  p.  19  (1831). 

Anas  IftrratB,  Cuv.  MS.  Mu».  Paru  (Gape) ;  Less.  Tr.  d'Om.  p.  634, 
D.  72  (1831)  (de«cT.  nulla)  ;  Pucker.  Rev.  (t  Maq.  dr.  Zooi.  1850, 
p.  C49  (doBcr.);  Sartl.  J./.  O.  1866,  p.  419;  Socage,  J./.  O. 
1876,  p.  294. 

QaeTqueduk  capeuns,  Smith,  Cat.  S.  Afr.  Mve.  p.  37,  a.  326  (1837)  ; 
Eyt.  Mon.  Amt.  p.  128  (1838)  ;  G.  -ft.  Gr.  Grtu  B.  iii.  p. 616,  n.  15 
(1S4.5) ;  Eyt.  Syn.  Anat.  p.  82  (1869) ;  Bocaffe,  Ot-n.  Any.  p.  602 
(1881)  ;  Salvad.  P.  Z.  S.  1884,  p.  174 ;  id.  Ann.  Mtu.  Civ.  Gen.  (2) 
i.  p.  245(1884);  Shirrpe,  LayanTsB.  S.  A/r. -0.758  (18^);  Tristr. 
Cat.  Coll.  B.  p.  48  (1880). 

PKcilonetta  geowica,  G.  R.  Gr.  {nee  Gm.)  List  B.  Brit,  Mui.  iii. 
p.  134  (Cape  of  Good  Ho]>e}  (1844). 

Auaa  araimilia,  Foral.  Icon,  itied.  t.  76 ;  id.  Deter.  Anim.  {ed.  Lieht.) 
p.  46  (1844) ;  ScAley.  Miu.  P.-B.,  Anseres,  p.  59  (syn.  emeod.) 
(1866) ;  Gifb.  Thet.  Dm.  i.  p.  344  (ayn.  emend.)  (1872)  ;  Hartl. 
Yog.  Madag.  pp.  364,  365  (1877). 

Chaulelasmua  strepera,  a.  r^penais,  Bp.  Compt.  Bend,  iliii.  p.  650 
(1866). 

Querquedula  larvata,  Bp.Compt.  Bend,  iliii.  p.  650,  n.  99  (syn.  emend.) 
(1866)  ;  Bocage,  Jom.  Ac.  Sc.  Lisb.  1871,  p.  278,  1872,  p.  70. 

Anaa  sparsa  P,  BiiAm  (nw  SnwM),  /./.  O.  1885,  p.  62. 

Adult  male.  Head,  neck,  and  nnderparts  whitish  ;  head  and  neck 
dotted  or  streaked  with  black  ;  throat  immaculate  ;  feathers  of  the 
back  and  nunp  and  upper  tail-coverts  edged  and  barred  with  fulvous, 
each  feather  has  one  or  more  brown-black  bars  and  a  aubterminal 
spot  of  the  same  colour ;  upper  breast  with  brown  bars  ;  remainder 
of  the  underparts  with  obsolete  greyish-brown  spots,  better  defined 
and  bar-like  on  the  sides  and  under  tail-coverts  ;  wings  dark  grey ; 
the  greater  wing-coverts  broadly  tipped  with  white,  forming  a  white 


9.  Rettion  flavirostre. 
I^to  pico  Etmarilla  y  Degro,  Azarit,  Apiint.  iii.  p.  US,  a.  439  (liuenos 

AyiM)  (1805). 
Anas  flavircwlris,  Vieill.  X.  D.  v.  p.  107  (1316)  (ex  Auira) ;  id.  Ene. 

J»(A.  i.  p.  363  (1823) ;  G.  B.  Gr.  Gm.  B,  Hi.  p.  616,  n.  19(1845)  | 

^irtL  lad.  Aiar.  Avant.  p.  28,  n.  430  (1H47) ;  R-Jmb.  %».  Ao. 

t  00.  t  2343  (1850) ;  Burm.  La  Plata-BeiMy  ii.  p.  516  \\mi)  \ 

BeSkg.  Mua.  P.-B.,  Anserea,  p.  59  (pnrt,)  (1866) ;  Oitb.  Thf».  Om. 

i.  p.  3.^1  (svn.  emend.)  (1872) ;   £..  B.,  ^  Jl  tVaUr-B.  N.  Am.  a. 

p.3(note)(18g4):  J^<m.  J./.  0. 18Ml,p.  J25(Coidov»)i  HarUrt, 

KtU.  r.,]/dtamml.  p. -231  (1801). 
Adm  creccoido*,  Kini/,  Zool.  Jaum.  iv,  p.  99  (StruU  of  MngelUn] 


B  &bec 


■,  X<JM.  Tr.  ifOm.  p.  634  (MalouinM) 


QuHTquwlula  creccoides,  £yt.  Mon.  Anat.  p.   128  (Ift18);  Fra*fr, 
P.  z:«S.  1843,  p.  116  (Ciiili);  i7.  R.  Gr.  Zitl  B.  Brit.  Mtu.  iii. 


p.  138  (S.TI1.  emend.)  (1844};  id.  Gen. 


616,  n.  3  laja. 


emeod.)  ('l845) ;  Va  .Vuro  in  Gay,  Hist,  dr  OiOe,  J.  p.  453  (ObiU) 
(1348) ;  Banein.  Voy.'Bm^,'  iii.p.  13  (1848) ;  Bp.  Oimpi.  Rmd. 
xliii  p.  660,  n,  104  («ivii.  emend.)  (1856) :  Cau.  U.S.  Attrtm.  Ex^d. 
(L  p.  i303,  pi.  nvi.  (Cbili)  (1856) ;  (?o»(«,  P.  Z.  S.  18.59.  p.  96  (e^. 
KalUKids);  &-lat.  P.  Z.  8.  1860,  p.  S89  (Fslklaiids) :  Ahboit, 
IhU,  1861,  p.  160  (Falklands) ;  SoUa.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  335;  Phil. 
*  imutt.  Cat.  Av.  Chit.  p.  42  (1808) ;  Eift.  Syn.  Anal.  p.  81 
{ 1869) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  18/1,  p.  700  (ZooL  Gsrd.) :  MiiwEdw. 
Seek.  Fatm.  JUg.  Atutr.  ch.  vt,  p.  46  (1882) ;  Sclat.  LUt  J'ert.  An. 
8Ehed.  p.  434(1833). 
Aims  aiarw,  Merrem  in  Erich  u.  Grub.  Enc,  sect.  i.  vol.  xxxx.  p.  26 

_  «.*(Ou.p.247(184"). 

Querauedula  oiyptem,  Ifarti,  (nfc  Afryot  I  JS'(iun4an»i*i,  1853,  pp,  SI7, 
aSa  (Bio de  Valdivift,  Chili) ;  P Bibra,  Denktchr.  Ak.  Wtm, r.  p.  131 
(CaiiU)(1863)(c//./.  O.  ISS.-),  p.  .W) ;  Lieht.  Nantf mi.  Av.  p.  102 
(pait.,  MonWTideo,  nee  Peru)  (1654) ;  P  ftto.  Sinae  Novara,  Vog. 
p.  188  (ChiU)  (laOfi) ;  Sharpf,  P.  Z.  8.  1681.  p.  14  (Port  QiHUat 
and  Cockle  Cofe) :  Omt.  Mint.  Se.  Cap  Hm-n,  vi.  Ou.  p,  314 
(1891). 

AnM  (l)Alik)  flsvirosim,  Barm.  J.f.  0. 1860,  p.  366  (Mendoia). 

Qnerauedula  flavirostm,  Sdal.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  335  (part.) ;  Selat.  ^ 
SaU.  P.  Z.  S.  18«7,  pp.  mo,  991,  1868,  p.  140  (iSuenos  Ajtm)  [ 
Sunn.  P.  Z.  S.  1872,  p,  367  (Argentine);  Sdtit.  j-  Sain.  Nomnui. 
At.  Nwtrap.  ^.  129  (1875) [  Hudi.P.ZS.  1874,  p.  167;  Seiat.^ 
Bail).  P.Z.S.  1876,  ]i.  386;  Dura/: /iiV,  1877.  pp.  41  (Chupul), 
IDI  (Buenos  AjTes).  1878,  pp.  65, 401  (Centr.  FBiajMiiiB) ;  Sdat. 
f,  Z  S.  1870,  p.  310  (eegs),  1880,  p.  522 ;  il.  iV  ChaUmg., 
MM*,  p.  160  (1881) ;  White,  P.  Z  8.  1883,  p.  42  (CorioTft) ;  Bert. 
u.Jher.  ZeiUchr.  ga.  Om.  18K5,  p.  175  (Taquarn  do  Mundo  Novo, 
a  BrtdtU)  :  Bmi.  J.  f.  O.  1887,  p.  133 ;  Cab.  J.f.  0.  im.\  p.  118 ; 
Swvt.  Am.  Mw.  A^(ie.£uni.vfir.  iii.  p.  247(1888);  Selal.  Argent. 
Or*.  iL  p.  131  (1889)  i  Tri*lr.  Cat.  G)U.  B.  p.  49  (188») ;  Onst. 
MtM.  &.  Cap  Ifom,  \i.  Ou.  p.  206  (1891) ;  Holland,  Ibit,  ISSi, 

fw  307  {.\riwnli»e) ;  Berk.  Jamei,  JVehf  List  ChiL  B.  p.  9,  a.  153 
1882) :  ApUn.  B.U,  1804.  p.  200  (Unigunv). 
NsttioD  SariroHlri*,  G.  R.  Gr.  Hand-lUt,  iii.'p.  88.  n.  10066  (1871), 
AnM  f  QnorquodiiU)  flaviroslris,  Rektac.  Om.  CentraM.  1882,  p.  21 ; 
id.  V6g.  tool.  Gart.  p,  &fi  (1882). 


Adult  maU,  Head  and  upper  part  of  the  neck  greyish  brown, 
thickly  barred  with  narrow  blackish  bands  ;  mantle  and  anterior 
scapolars  greyiab  brown,  with  a  black  spot  near  the  tip,  and 
margined  witb  nifescent  brown  ;  lower  back,  wings,  and  upper  tail- 
ooverta  uniform  gre3-iBh  brown ;  breast  and  underparts  whiliBh, 
the  former  more  or  leas  tinged  with  reddish,  each  feather  has  a 
enbterminal  black  Bpot  and  a  blackish  bar  hidden  and  almost  obsolete ; 
the  tpota  almost  evanescent  on  the  abdomen ;  vent  and  under  tail- 
ooverts  whitish  grey,  unspotted ;  upper  wing-eoverta  brown-grey, 
the  tips  of  the  greater  row  hazel,  forming  a  band  bordering  an- 
teriorly the  wing-speculum,  which  is  Telvety  black,  only  on  the 
onter  web  of  the  inner  feathers  being  glossed  with  green  ;  tips  of 
the  seooudaries  rufous  wbit«,  forming  a  band ;  tertuds  and  longer 
Bcapniars  greyish  brown,  edged  with  reddish ;  primaries  dnsky 
grey  ;  under  wing-coverts  brown-grey,  but  the  central  ones  and  the 
axillaries  white ;  tail  brown-grey :  "  bill  wax-yellow,  with  the 
culmen  and  nail  black;  iris  carmine  (or  wood-brown,  Dumford); 
feet  groy-blue"  {PhUijtpi).  Total  length  15  to  16  inches,  wing  S 
to  8*25,  tail  4-75  to  4-25,  culmen  1-4,  tarsus  1-12. 

FeTTtait.  Similar,  but  somewhat  dnller  and  smaller. 

Young.  Duller,  and  the  markings  on  the  head  and  breast  not  so 
distinct,  especially  on  the  latter.  (Jfuf.  Turin.) 

Hah.  Southern  Brazil,  Argentine,  Chili,  Patagonia,  aud  Falklsnds. 

a.  S  ad.  ik.  Chili,  Maich  (  Wnukaupt). 

b.  Ad.  ak.  ChUi  (Heed). 
e.  $jnv.8k.  Chili. 


S853)  (Chili) :  ImAI.  Sommel.  Av.  p.  102  (pMt.,  Peru)  (TSS-l) ; 
ihm.  J.f.  O.  1855,  p.  57;  Sctat.  Sr  Sale.  P.  Z.  &  1807.  p.  990 

{SaUnsa,  S.  Peru),  im,  p.  570,  1869,  p.  157  (Peru) ;  Od.  Nomenti. 

^p.  JVeofrM. p.  12» (1873) :  Tom.  P.Z.S.  1874, p.  561  (Junin, Centr. 

Pbtb);  Sdat.  ^  Saiv.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  385  j  Tact.  P.  Z.  S.  1880, 

p.  212  (Cutervn) ;  Sctat.  P.  Z.  &  1880,  p.  52-2, 188«.  p.  401  (Tara- 

pucS)  i  Tacx.  Or».  Pir.  iii.  p.476  (1886)  :   Trittr.  Cat.  OoU.  B.  p.  49 

(1889);  Sctat.  P.  Z  S.   1691,  p.  136  (TurapacA);   Berk.  Jamu, 

Nae  Lilt  Chit.  B.  p.  0,  n.  165  (Turapati). 
Dotilii  oiypteni,  Ec}\nb.  &n.  Ae.,  NataUtres,  t.  92.  £  164  UvMa/en) 

(1&45).  ^ 

Qaerauedulaaiif^iEtirostriB,^A.  Sf  Landh.  (nee  Minttr.)  An.  Univ. 

aSe,  ixi.  p.  43i)  (1862) ;  ita.  JFifym.  Ar^.  1883,  i.  p.  202  (Tftcna) ; 

Selat.P.Z.S.  18G7,  p.  396(=i>5yplera,  iWeyon);  Philippi,  Omia, 

1888,  p.  leO  (Calfiknte). 
Anas  flavirostris,  purt.,  SeUeg.  Miit.  P.-B.,  Auwres,  p.  59  (1866) ; 

Oieb.  The:  Om.  i.  p.  351  (part.)  (1872). 
Querquedula  flaviroatris,  Sclal.  {wn  Viria.)  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  335, 
Nettion  oxjptera,  G.  S.  Or.  Hand-Uet,  Hi.  p.  84,  d.  10070  (1871). 

Adult.  Similar  to  jV,  Jlavirottre,  but  larger,  with  longer  bill 
inlPrecnpuUr  feathers  paler,  with  the  central  apots  less  distinct 
scapulars  more  rufcsccat  and  with  emoller  ceotrnl  black  marks 
dark  spots  on  the  lower  parts  smallor  and  confined  tn  the  breaat , 
abdomen  and  onder  t^-coverta  pale  greyish  white,  the  latter  with 
a  alight  reddish  tinge :  bill  yellow,  culmen  and  tip  black.  Total 
length  17-5  inches,  wing  8'7,  tail  4,  culmen  1'45,  tarsus  1-4, 

Bah,  Cordilleras  of  Peru  and  of  Northern  C!hili. 


a,  cf  ad.  sk. 
i.  cf  ad.  ek. 
c.  a  ad.  «h. 
d,e.  a^»A.»k. 
f,9-  d9&d.ak. 
A-ffi.  cf  9  Ad-  «t 
nF^^A.  ak. 
«.  $  ad.  sk. 


Tiata,  Peru,  June. 
Tint*,    Peru,    June    (ff. 
Salinas,  S.W.  Peru,  July 

Iiagims   da    Laujni,   Feb. 

\H.  Whiltiy). 
L'ueva  neffra,  Pnjv,  of  Ta- 

rapacd,  Feb. 
SacftVB,   Tarapaca,   Jan., 

Feb. 
Sitani,  Tarapaca,  Jan. 

HuBsco,  Tarapaca,  Feb. 


W.    Whitely,     Esq. 

Twetiddale  Coll. 

Sah-in-Qodnian  Coll. 

H.    J.    Elwes,   Esq. 

[P.]. 
H.   Berkeley   James, 


I.  Berbeler  Jan 
J.  lierkdey  Jat 

Esq.  [V.i 


1 1 .  Nettion  andinm. 


Da£la  sp..  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1860.  p.  83  (Ecuador). 

(javrquedula  andiiim,  Selat.  j-  Salv.  Ito/nmel.  Av.  ytotmp,  pp.  129, 
l«a  (Ecuador)  (1873);  iid.  P.  Z.  8.  1873,  p.  237  (Sierra  Nevada 
of  Merida),  1876,  p.  387,  nl.  xxxiv. ;  Sclat.  P.  Z  S.  1880,  p.  022 ; 
Tan.  *  Bert.  P.  Z.  S.  1885,  p.  119, 

Adult.  Similar  to  N.  JUurirottre  and  N.  o.riij>teru>n,  but  darker  ou 


264  AirATiDx. 

the  upper  parts,  with  the  iateTscapalar  feathers  and  scapulars  less 
reddish,  having  the  pale  edges  narrower  and  more  greyish ;  blackish 
spots  on  the  breast  larger  than  in  JV.  oxypUrvm,  hot  not  so  well- 
de&oed  as  in  N.  fiavirostre  ;  the  upper  part  uf  the  speculum  bronze- 
green  ;  the  principal  difference  is  in  the  bill,  wholly  dark,  withont 
any  yellow;  feet  flesh-colour.  Total  length  16  to  17  incbee,  wing  9, 
tail  3-5  io  4,  culmen  1-66,  tarsus  1-5. 
Hah.  Andes  of  Ecuador  and  Veneeuda. 


i.  Ad.  sk. 


«,/.  Ad.  8k. 
g.  d  jnv,  ak. 


Ecuador,  between  Rio  Bamba    Sclater  Coll. 


and  Mocha  (Fra 
Sical,  Ecuador  ( Vii^gomes). 
Rio    Blanco,    Ecuador   (C. 

Buckley). 
Ecuador. 
Sietra   Nerada  of  Merida, 

Venezuela  (A.  Ooering). 


(Typo  of  the  epedee.) 
Sakin-Oodmau  ColL 
SalTin-Oodman  CoU. 


12.  ITettion  g«ire:iciim. 
Oeorda  Duck,  Lath.  ^n.  iii.  2,  p.  i78,  n.  34  (17o6)  (Oeai^a  Aus- 

traJi  Americas)  (ex  Sir  Joteph  SatJa'i  drawingt). 
Anas  georgica,  Gm.  8.  N.  i.  3,  p.  516,  n.  77  (1786) ;  Lath.  Ind.  Om. 

ii.  p.  847,  n.  41  (1790)  ;  Bonn.  Eac.  Mfth.  I  p.  148  (1791) ;  rioB. 

y.  D.  y.  p.  118  (1816) ;  Sum.  Diet  Sc  Nat.  vi.  p.  381  (1817) ; 

O.R.  Gr.  (?<ni.  5.  ui.  p.616,  n,  8(1846)(  =  ]tanthorhyncha,Jorii. 

le.  71J  ;  ta.  nand-U»t,  in.  p.  82,  n.  10652  (1871). 
Tadoma  georeica,  StepK.  Gen.  Zool.  xii.  2,  p.  76  (1824). 
Anas  zauthornmcha,  Font.  Icon,  ined.  t.  71  (nee  t.  72) ;  id'.  Deter. 

An.  (ed.  Zicht.)  p.  342,  n.  267  (nee  p.  4fi)  (1844)  (Qeo^a  Aua- 

trali) ;  Licht.  ibid,  note  (  =  Adbs  oxjptera,  Lic&t.   {nee  Megen), 

which  ia  =A.  flaTirostris,  VieUl),  cf.  Nomencl.  Av.  p.  102  (Monte- 

rideo). 


13.  Nettioii  pnnctatmn. 
Anns  punct*U,  Barck.   TrareU,  i.  p.  233  (note)   (18221;  G.  R- 


p.  HIO,  n.  21  (I845JJ  JV«»(.  P.  Z.  S.  18n,p.  649 

Afr.  .Viu.  p.  37,  n        " 
'29  (Orange  B 


e  Biver) 


fir.  Gen.  S.  i 
(note). 
Querqu^ulA  hottenlotii.  Smith,  Cat,  . 
(1837)  {deacr.  nuUa) ;  .%(.  Mon.  A 
(1833) ;  SmUA,  III.  S.  Afr.  Zool.,  Av* 

6m.  B.  iii.  p.  616,  n.  8  (1845);  Bp.  Compt.  iJ^iA  iliii.  t.  .  . 
n.  101  (1856) ;  Gun.  IhU,  1862,  p.  154  (Natal) :  Ltniard,  B.  of 
8.  AJt.  p.  353  amt) :  Boe.  J«m.  Aead.  Sf.  Lith.  1867,  p.  329; 
Qtm.  Ail.  IfldS.  pp.  262,  471  ;  C&apm.  Trav^it  in  S.  Afr.  iL 
App.  p.  442  (lSll8)i  Grniul.  Siv.  et  Ma-/,  de  Zool.  1868,  p.  fi 
(MFidflga«c«r) ;  %/.  Syn.ylnuf.  p.  83  (1800) ;  A'rtci.P.Z  S.1871, 
p.  G4fl|m>lc);  StM-.  Joiii.  Acail.  Se.  Lidoa,  1872,  p.  70;  Barti. 
P.  Z.  8.  1876,  p.  69  (Tnmatave,  MnddfraBCiir) ;  Boc.  ^  Oad.  J.f.  0. 
1876,  p,  294;  Haul.  Vog.  Madag.  p.  38S  (1877):  Agm,  Ibi$, 
1880,  p.  273  (Tranavaal) :  Sac.  Om.  Anq.  p.  503  (MoBsatnedes,  Hio 
Con»cai(1881);  ^u«.,/'nY<f..*fl»i,2i«%.  1882.  p.  427(NMid) ; 
MOitf^Bdw.  ^  Graud.  OU.  Madag.  p,  723.  pi.  375  a.  t.  3  (liMd) 
(1882) ;  Sharps,  LaynriTi  B.  8.  Afr.  p.  757  (1884)  :  Dufcw,  B«fl. 
Mat.  Boxf.  ^H.  N.  tIfBelff.  iv.  p.  14!),  n.  194  (1880)  (Tawmnjik«) ; 
Trutr.  Cat.  Coll.  B.  p.  270  (^fatBl)  (1889):  Sibrte,  lbi»,  1892, 
p.  271  (Mml^iucar) ;  Shall.  I&U,  18S4,  pp.  38,  478  (Litke 
Shiiwa). 
Ahm  pDeata.  LieM.  Verz.  SSugtth.  u.  VHg.  p.  20,  na.  244, 24S 
(Kstfenil.)  (Ift4a)  ■  G.  ROr.  Gen.  B.  App.  p.  28  (1849) ;  Gidt. 
TImi.  On.  1.  p.  360  (1872) ;  Bohm,  J.  f.  O.  1885,  p,  6/  (Karema, 
TanguivikB). 
PterocTuiea  pileuta,  hiiM.  Nomend.  Av.  p.  102  (1854). 
Asu  hott«iitota,  Schlfjf.  Mm.  P.-B.,  Arueras,  p.  60  (Umias.  S.  .\.tt.) 
(1866) ;  Gie6.  Thts.  Om.  i.  p.  354  (1872) ;  HnrtrrC.  Kat  VogfU 
tamnd.  p.  231  (1881)  ;  Rehato.  Vag.  Deut»i:h-0»t-Afr.  p.  26 
(1694). 
Qaenjaedula  madnfcascsrieusis,  Grand.  Bre.  et  Mag.  d«  ZooL  1867, 

pp.  87  (Madagascar),  255  (=Q.  liatt«nlota), 
Nettinn  hottcntota,  G.  B.  Gr.  Uand-lia.  iii.  p.  83,  no.  10662  (1871) ; 
Anderu.  B.  Samara  Land,  p.  340  (Damara  aud  Great  Namaqoa 
LMid)  (1672). 
Anas  UBimiliB,  Ma».   Forit.,  fidt  Omtalet  (cf.  Harti.  Vitg.  Madag. 

p.  365, 1877). 
QtiOTCiueduln  punrtata,  Sdat.  P.Z8.  1880,  pp.  622,534  (S.  AfiHra); 
Saload.  Ann.  Ma*.  CVit.  Om.  (2)  it.  p.  ^  (Shoa)  (1888) ;  Trtttr. 
Cat.  CoB.  B.  p.  19  iTrnnavnall  (1889), 
Querqiii-duU  pileatn,  SeJialmc.J.f.  0. 1884,  p.  177  ;  MatKhv',J.f.O. 

18e7,p.  ];i7. 
Querqiindula  cTBDorhtrirhn,  Bohm.  MS., fide  Schalim,  J.f.  O.  1884, 
p.  177  (  =  pifc?ata,  Lkht.}. 

AdtUt  tnalf.  Upper  part  of  the  head,  iiicludiofc  the  eyes,  blark. 
•harply  defiuM  from  the  buffish-white  lower  half  and  throat;  tha 
wtut«  of  the  cheeks  i'ili>iidiug  baoliward  in  a  hroad  band  towards 
the  occiput ;  aides  of  tlie  neik  whitish,  thickly  mottled  with  black ; 
boolc  black,  each  feather  edged  with  light  brown  ;  lower  bock  and 
nirap  blai'k,  glossed  with  green  ;  upper  and  under  tail-coverta  pale 
brown,  thicUy  undulated  with  narrow  black  lines;   lower  parts 


light  brown,  the  feathere  of  the  lower  fore  neck,  breast,  and  ndes 
with  lai^  Bobapicol  black  spots ;  lower  breast  and  abdomen  tmdn- 
lated  with  blai^h  bora ;  wings  brassy  green ;  a  glossy  green 
speculum  on  the  secondaries,  which  are  broadly  tipped  wiUi  white 
and  have  a  black  aubterminal  band  bordering  posteriorly  the 
Bpecnlom  ;  longer  soapolara  brassy  green,  with  a  light  brown  stripe 
along  the  middle ;  under  wing-coverts  blackish  brown,  the  median 
and  the  greater  ones,  like  the  aiillaries,  white;  tail-feathers  dark 
brown,  edged  with  pale  brown  :  "  bill  dark  leadnioloar ;  feet  dark 
lm>wn ;  irides  brown"  (AnUmm);  but  according  to  Andersson, 
"  iris  reddish  yellow ;  bill  bluish  red  except  at  the  base,  where  it 
is  black;  legs  purplish  yellow."  Total  length  about  13  inches, 
wing  6-2,  tail  2-5,  culmen  1-45,  tarsns  1, 

Female,  Similar  to  the  male,  bat  somewhat  duller,  and  the 
markings  less  distinct. 

Foung.  Differs  &om  the  adult  birds  in  having  the  breast  as  well 
as  the  abdomen  pale  fawn-coloar,  with  no  distinct  spots  or  obsolete 
ones  and  no  transveree  dusky  bars;  the  under  tail-corerts  are 
reddish  fawn-colour  and  unspotted. 

ffah.  Southern  Africa  and  Madagascar,  north  to  Angola  on  the 
West  and  Shoa  on  the  East. 

a.  £  imm.  ak.  Damara-land.  Purchased. 

(.  fd  juv.  sk.  OmanbondS,     Damara-land       H.    J.    Elwes,  Esq. 

(Ander,5on).  [P.]. 

c,  d.  <f  9  ad.  8k.     S.  Afiioa.                                    Sir  A.    Smith  [P.l 
(Types  of  Querquedtila  hottentota.  Smith!) 
<-t.  cJ  2  ad.  sk.      Natal.                                         Tweeddale  CoU. 
£.  <f  ad.  sk.             Newcastle,  Natid,  Dec.               Shelley  CoU. 
/.  (J  ad.sk.             PotchefBtroom,Nov.(2'.^ynM).  J.  H.  Gumey,  Esq. 
[P.]. 
Transvaal. R.  B.   Sharpe,  Esq. 


(1870) ;  Gieb.   Thet.  Om.  i.  p.  346  (1872)  ;  Frm:.  J.  f.  0.  1891, 

p.  125  (Cordf-bn)  :  BaHert,  Eat.  VogeUamml.  p.  231  (1881). 
Ahm  mnnea,  Borm.  Ene.  MtOi.  i.  p.  162,  n.  67  (1791). 
Pato  ipecutui,  Asar.  Apunl.  ui.  p.  445,  n.  437  (Pamguay)  {ISOQI, 
Anu  ipecBtiri,  Vtall.  N,  D.  v.  p.  120  (1810)  (ex  Aiara] ;  id.  Enc. 

Jlf«£i.  p.354(1833). 
Hueca  bnoliends,  8teph.  Gen.  ZooL  lii.  3,  p.  138  (1824) ;  G.  R.  Or. 

Om.  B.  iii.  p.  614,  n.  7  (1846). 
Anas  patnri,  &ir,  Av.  Brai.  u.  p.  85,  1. 108  (Bio  S.  Francisco) 

(mS). 
Aiu*iiotMit,Illi/.mJlfm.BeroI.,fidt  WuKl,Beifr.iv.p.e3i  {1832). 
QneiqiiediilB  erjtfaroih^clia,  ^' Spix"  Egt.  {nee  Om.)  Mon.  .inat. 

p.  127  (1838)  ;  Darw.  Va/.  •Beagle,'  iii.  p.  135  {Buenos  Ayres  ami 

Smuts  of  M^ellan)  (1841) ;  Ei/t.  Sijn.  Anat.  p.  79  (1869) ;  Burm. 

Ann.  Mm.  Nae.  Sum.  A\t.  iii.  p.  367  (1888). 
Querquedula  ipecutm,  G.  B.   Gr.  List  B.   Brit.  Mtu.  iii.  p.  ISO 

(Bntish  Guiana)  (1844) ;  Harti.  Ind.  Atar.  Apunt.  p.  28,  n.  437 

(1847);   Dm  Muri  in    Gay,  Hi»t.  de  ChiU,  i.   p,  461   (1848)  ; 

actat.  P.  Z.  &   18ftl,  p.  138  (Para,  Zool.  Oard.) ;  Phil.  4"  Landb. 

Oat.Av.  OiU.^.^  (1868). 
Qnenjuedula  ipecuturi,  G.  R.  Or.  Gen.  B.  ui.  p.  616.  n.  9  (1846) ; 

R^nb.  &n.  At>.,  Natatores,  t.  80.  f.  179  (1845)  {ex  Spii). 
Qnetqueduia  novw  hiflpaniee,  Rchnb.  {nee  Gm.)  Sgn.  At.,  Natatorea, 

t.ll0.ff.  081-82(1845). 
Querquedula  braailienais,  Lichl.  Nomewl.  At.  p.  102  (18&1) ;  Bp. 

Compt.  Bend,  iliii,  p.  050,  n-  100  (1850) ;  Selat.  ^  iSaii:  P.  Z.  S. 

1869,  p.  636  (Buenos  Ajres) ;  Peb.  Om.  Bras.  pp.  320,  460,  lii 

(iUo  Branco,  S.  Paulo  and  MatngroMo)  (1870) ;  Bum.  P.  Z.  S. 

1872,  p.  368  i  Sdat.  4-  Salv.  NomencL  Ac.  Neotrtm.  p.  129  (1873) ; 

Beht.  P.  Z.  8. 1873,  p.  809  (Zool.  Gurd.) ;  Cab.  J.f.  0. 1874,  p.  231 ; 

aiiat.  ^  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  390  (Bolivia,  Pearce) ;  Dumf.  Hit, 

1877,  p.   192,  1878,  p.  64;    Sciat.  P.  Z.  8.   1880,  p.  632;   Soiu. 

Oat.  B.  atrickt.  Coll.  p.  536  (1882);  Sdaf.  Zitt  Ferl.  An.  8th  ed. 

p.  433  (1883) :  Barrowt,  Auk,  1884,  p.  273  (Entreritn) ;  Beri.  v. 

JAerinj,,  ZeitKkr.  gea.  On.  1886,  p.  176  (Taquara) ;  Berl.  J.f.  0. 

1887,  p.  124;  TrUtr.  Cat.  Coll.  B.  p.  48  (1889);  Sdat.  A^eni. 

Dm.  ii.  p.  133  (1889) ;  Oast.  Min.  Se.  Cap  Horn,  vi.  Oit.  p.  312 

(1891) ;  Kerr,  Ibii,  1892,  p.  140  (Loner  l>jlcoina;o) ;  Aplifi,  Ibit. 

1894,  p.  201  (Uruguay). 
Nettioti   btSNlifnaia,    G.   B.   Gr.   Band-Ua,  iii.   p,  84,  no.  10667 

(1871). 
Abm  (Querquedula)  braailienaifl,  BcAnip.  Om.  Ceiitralbl,  lS83,p.20: 

id.  ITiff.  aaol.  Gnrt.  p.  56  (1882). 

Anas  braailiennB  X  A.  casUoea,  SucAeUt ;  Zevrrk.  J.  /.  0.  1800, 
p.  221 ). 

Adull  mule.  Upper  parte  olive-brown,  the  feathers  of  the  back 
ilarl:er  in  the  centre ;  forehead,  anterior  part  of  tho  cheek,  and 
throat  brown  ;  top  of  the  head,  occiput,  and  upper  part  of  the  nape 
Mack,  the  tatter  with  u  green  gloss  ;  sides  of  tho  head,  ])OsterioTly. 
tuid  npper  part  of  the  sides  of  the  neck  dull  greyish  ;  lower  part  of 
the  neck  ^nd  breast  reddish,  changing  into  groyiah  on  the  abdomen 
and   under  tiul-corerts ;    the    breast   and    abdomen   with   brown 


268  ASATIDS. 

obsolete  spots  or  bars ;  round  the  middle  of  tbe  neck  some  small 
black  spots ;  some  round  black  spots  on  the  sides ;  rump  Telvety 
black;  upper  tail-coverts  greyish  olive  ;  under  tail-coverts  undulated 
with  some  irregular  dark  cross  lines,  the  tip  of  tke  larger  ones  black  ; 
upper  wing-covert*  velvet}-  black,  but  the  greater  row  like  the 
secondaries  glossy  green,  more  or  less  with  a  purple  gloss,  espemally 
towards  the  innermost  of  the  latter,  wbicb  bave  the  apical  haU 
snowy  white;  between  the  green  and  tbe  white  portions  a  black 
velvety  band ;  tertiale  like  tbe  scapulars  olive-brown ;  primaries 
black,  the  inner  oues  glossed  with  green  on  the  outer  webs  ;  under 
wing-coverts  black,  with  a  green  lustre ;  azillaries  white ;  tail 
black  :  "  iris  brown ;  above  dark  greyish  red,  brighter  on  the  edges ; 
under  mandible  pale  red  ;  feet  cinnahar-red  "  (  WUd).  Total  length 
17  inches,  wing  8'15,  tail  3'9,  culmen  1'75,  tarsus  1'25. 

fimiale.  Similar  to  the  male,  but  somewhat  duller;  the  top  of 
the  head  and  the  nape  brown  ;  a  whitish  spot  just  a  little  over  and 
before  the  eyes,  and  a  second  one  at  the  base  of  the  bill  abov« 
the  gape ;  no  black  spots  round  the  middle  of  the  neck  ;  bill  dark 
brown. 

Hah.  South  America,  from  New  Granada  and  Guiana  to  Magellan 
Straits. 


a.  Ad.  ek. 


Vicinity    of    Bogota,    Nen 
Granada  ((7.  Ci-omther). 
;.  ij  ad.  et  juv.     British  Guiana, 


Aunai,    Brit    Guiana,    June 
(H.  Whtitly). 

Bahia,  Brazil  (  Wucherer). 
Pelotas,  Rio  Gmnde  do  Sul, 


/.  Ad,  sk. 
g-i.  Ad.  sk. 
k.  <J  juv.  sk. 


Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Sir  R.  Schombnigk 

S(UTin4jlodman  ColL 

A[.  Claussen  [C.]. 
Salvin-Godmao  OoIL 
Salvin-Godmau  Coll. 


31.  KKrnoH.  268 

Qnetqnediila  muiillensls,  ^l.  {nte  Qm.)  Mim.  Anat,  p.  135  (1S38) 

(^  examined)  ■  ;  id.  ^.  AtuU.  p.  7S  (16R8). 
Anu  rnbidoptHTH,  i>u£.  Om.  Go/,  p.  UO,  pi.  Ivii.  (<;  nnd  ?)  (IS-IO); 

e.  R.  Gr.  Geo.  B.  iii.  p.  fiI6,  n.  23  (1*45), 
Anas  rhodopua,  Merrem  in  Erich  u.  Grub,  Ene.  sect  i,  toL  xxxv. 

p.  4G  (1841). 
Querauedula  torquata,  G.  S.  Gr.  Lid  B.  Brit.  Mta.  iii,  p.  131) 

(1^) ;  I'l'.  Om.  B.  iii.  p.  616,  n.  \i  (164a) ;  J7arf/.  Ini.  Atar. 

Apml.  p.  28,  n.  HI  (IMT);  Bp.  Ctompf,  BmA  lUii.  p.  660. 

n.  105  {lB5rt) ;  Srlat.  P.  7..  S.  1807,  p.  335  (Chili !) ;  Stiat.^Sak. 

P.Z.S.  IWO.p.  635(Ar^atiiiB);  jVle.  Om.flrai.  p.4e0  (1870): 

JuTOT.  P.  it  S.  1872,  p.  367  (Pivranfi) ;  Sdat.  ^  Sale.  Xomenel. 

At.  Ifeob-op.  p.  129  {ArKWitiiio)  (187S) ;  Sctal.  ^  Saiv.  P.  Z.  S. 

'" ;  Setat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  522;  BerK  J.  f.  0.  1  — 


;  A^n,  Ibu,  1894. 


I 


p.  134 :  Sflar.  Ars/eat.  Om.  ii.  p.  132 

p.  201  (Uruguajr). 
Aua  rbodopMra,  Dab.  ierrere).  Op.  Cbmpl,  Bmd,  zUii.  p,  050  (in 

Mju.  up.  105)  (1856). 
f  Quenjuedula  leiicophrys,  Bp.  I.  e.  n.  107  (185«). 
NBttion  ttaqniitajO.  Jt.  Gr.  Hand4ul,  iii.  p.  83,  u.  10606  (1871). 

Adtdt  nuiU.  Crown  and  hind  riBck  black,  expanded  bolow  into  a 
half-collar ;  forehead  dull  gre}',  streaked  with  black  :  checks,  throat. 
and  aides  of  the  neck  doll  whitish  grey,  with  dusky  strcttka  on  the 
former ;  back  greyish  olive ;  lower  back,  rump,  and  upper  tail- 
coverte  deep  black  ;  breast  rosy  red,  each  feather  with  a  roandiah 
subapical  black  epot;  abdomen  whitish,  obsolot«ly  barred  with 
grey ;  flanks  pure  grey,  waved  with  narrow  black  lines ;  under 
tul-coverts  black,  with  a  white  blotch  on  each  side  at  the  base : 
scapalars  chestnut-red;  upper  wing-coverts  glossy  black,  with  a 
irhitA  patch  on  the  anterior  secondary -coverts  ;  seooudoriea  broniy 
green  on  the  outer  web,  forming  the  speculum  ;  tertiaries  olive- 
brown,  primanes  blackish  brown ;  under  wing-coverts  black,  the 
greater  ones  brown-black;  tail  black:  bill  black  (?);  feel  yellow. 
Total  length  H  inches,  wing  7'2,  tail  2-5.  colmen  148,  tarsus  1'08. 

FtmttU.  Brown ;  superciliary  stripe,  middle  of  the  cheekB,  throat, 
and  «des  of  the  upper  neck  white ;  back  and  seapnlars  olivo-browo  : 
rump  and  upper  tail-coverta  bhtck ;  beneath  dull  whitish,  with 
broad  Bubapicul  pale  brown  bands,  better  defined  on  the  flanks  : 
abdomen  and  under  tail-coverls  whitish,  the  latter  powdered  with 
dusky ;  wings  as  in  the  male ;  tail  brown :  bill  roddish  brown ; 
feet  brown  (or  yellow  ?). 

Malr.  Paraguay,  Uruguay,  and  Argentine ;  wrongly  stated  to 
inhabit  Chili,  Brazil,  and  San  Bomingo  (Sehlegel). 

a.  [f  ad.  St.  S,  America.  OM  Coll. 

li.  g  ad.  eh.  Buenos  Avres  ( If.  It.  Huthtm).       Salvin-tiodman  Coll. 

r.  S  ad.  St  Probably  ^liTia(£ria^«).  Cumisg  Coll. 


270  AMUXDX. 

32.  DAFILA.  ,_. 

Type. 
Daflla,  Zeaei,  in  Brit.  Mtu. ;    Sttph.   Oat.  Zool.   xii,   2, 

p.  126  (1824)    D.  acuta. 

TracheloQetto,  Kaup,  NaiUrL  J^it.  p.  115  (1829) D.  aeutt. 

Phadanunu,  Wagl.  Itis,  1832,  p.  1225     D.  acnta. 

Daphik  (I),  SKi.,.fide  Cbuu,  Birdi  N.-Weat,  p.  663  (1874); 

GUb.  Thtt.  Om.  ii.  p.  14  (1876). 

Sange.  Cosmopolitan,  except  Auitralia  aod  Nev  Zealand,  bat 
one  spedes  has  been  found  in  the  Phoenix  tironp. 

Kei/  to  Ae  Spedu. 

a.  Tail-featlwB  not  barred  scroM. 

a'.  Central  tail-feathers  black,  lateral  ones 

srej,  with  paler  or   whitish   ma^na ; 

bead  dark  brown ;  a  uatrow  band  at  the 

tip  of  the    last  row  of    wing-coverta 


a".  Lai^:  culmen  l'85-2-15  inches;  an- 
terior part  and  sides  of  nock,  breast, 
and  middle  of  the  abdomen  white. . . .  acuta  iSt  P-  ^^ 
b".  Smaller:  culmen  1'36  inch:  anterior 
part  and  sides  of  neck,  breast,  and 
abdomen  dull  gre^sh ;  the  breast  with 

narrow  brown  etreaks eatottt  ij ,  p.  278. 

b'.  Central  tail-feathera  dark  brown,  a  little 
darker  than  the  lateral  ones;  head 
nifescent  on  the  upfier  part,  wlutish  on 
the  lower  part,  thicklj  dotted  with 
blackish  ;  buid  at  the  tip  of  the  last  row 
of  the  wing-coverts,  like  the  one  at  the 

^  of  the  secondaries,  bufi ipmioauda  g  $,p,279. 

b.  Tail-feathers  blackish,  barred  across  with 


32. 


271 


Fiem.) ;  Savi.  Oni.   Toic.  iii.  p.  156  (1831) ;  MMtr.  Cat.  BaU. 

Cane,  p,  57  (Caapiui)  (1832) ;  Aud.  Ont.  Siogr.  iii.  p.  214  (1835) ; 

St/rdm.  m  Ermann't  Vert.   Th.  IV.  p.  18  (1836);  Aud.  Om. 

Biogr.  t.  p,  616,  pi.  227  (1880) ;  id.  Syn.  p.  279  (1839)  ;   Vig. 

Zoot.  Befches'i   V"!/.,  Om.  p.  31  (1830) ;   Trmm.  Mm.  Snd  ed. 

iv.  p.  683  (1840) ;  K.  ^  II.  WirMth.  F.ur.  pp.  Uji»,  297  (1840) ; 

A'own.  VSg.  DevtttM.  xi.  p.  638,  Taf.  301   (1842)  ;  fkht-Longch. 

Faun.  Belg.  i.   p.  142  (1842) ;  Aud.  B.  Am.  vi.  p.  Slfe,  pL  S90 

(1813) ;  Giraud.  B.  Long  lel.  p.  310  (1844) ;  IhSav,  X.  T.  Ztml. 

a.  p.  341  (1844);  HdtUg.  lUt.  Crit.-f.  115(1844);  JloOolt,  Faun. 

Grortd.  p.  64  (1846) ;  Dtgl.  Om.  Eir.  ii.p. 430  (1849) ;  Lvinb.Av. 

Cuh.  p.  113  (1850);   Temrn.  4"  SehUq.  Faun.  Jap.,  Avrt,  p.  138 

(ISMjj  Midd.  Sib.  Reii.  p.  233  (1863J  ;    Watimgr.  Namruamia, 

1854,  p.  271  (ScandinaTia) ;  Zayard,  Ann.  4-  Mag.  X.  H.  xiv. 

p.  269  (Cevloni  (1854);  Adavu,   P.  Z.  S.   18fi8,  p.  510;  Eittl. 

VaOiw.  ii.  OT.  292,  343,  366  (1868) :    Wied,  J.f.  O.  18.50.  p.  169 ; 

JUartent,  ibid.  p.  220  (Bermudas) ;  FinaA,  ibid.  p.  366  (BulgMm) ; 

Smnh.  P.  Z.  S.  1803,  p.  324  (CLiiui) ;    Tristr.  P.  Z.  S.  1864, 

V.  463  {Pdesline) ;  Schlfg.  Mui.  P.-B.,  Anseree,  p.  87  (Senegal !, 

fearil,  Surmeitler'.)    (1866);    iVaw.    PuttKb.    Uaturi,  n.  204 

(1867-60);  Daad,   N.  ArOi.  du  Mu:,  Bull,  vii.,   Cat.  no.  448 

(1871)  ;  Fintch,  Abb.  Tfr.  Brem.  iii.  p.  60  (Alaska)  (1872) ;  CW. 

Thei.    Om.   i.   p.   343   (1872t;   Seitrl::.   Turkat.  Jeeotn.  p.  70 

(11*7.3);  Btvth,B.  Burma.ip.  lri6  (Arskan)   (1875);  Adatru,  Ibit, 

lfi-8,p.431(A]fleka);   FmwA,  Vtrh.  t.-b.  Ga.  »Vcn,1879,p.  262; 

Ltgge,  B.  of  Ceyl.  p.  1076  (1880);  Scullg,  Ibi>.   1881.  p.  693; 

Rchnw.  J.f.  O.  1800,  p.  82;  Serb.  B.  Japan.  Bmp.  p.  246  (1890) ; 

Brrnidt,  J.f.  O.  1891,  p.  267  (.\leutiftii  t). 
Ann»  BubuUta,  &  O.  Gm.  Beiu  SukI.  i.  p.  13, 1. 1  (£)  (1771). 
IHn-Iail.  Pemi.  Brit.  Zool.  ii.  n.  282  (1776)  ;  Lath.  »m.  iii.  3,  p.  326, 

n.  72  (1785). 
Anatra  di  coda  lunga,  Gerini,  Star,  dtgli  fee.  v.  t.  581  (cf)  (1770), 
Canard  a  lonrue  qaeui*,  B'Aabatl.  PL  Enl.  964  (17— P), 
PUet,  Buff.  Hiil.  Nat.  Oil.  ix.  p.  199,  pi,  13  (1783). 
.\Ea*  alundica,  ^wirm.  Mut.  OarU.  faac.  iii,  t.  60  (1786). 
Anaa  BcutA  ff,   Gm.  S.  X.  i.  2,  p.  628  (1788)  (ei'  Baekf,  Scbr.  der 

Bert,  nahaf,  Gea.  ya.  p.  459). 
Abm  ipamiuuiRi,  Lath.  Ind.    Om.   ii,   p.  876,  n.  110  (1790)    (ex 

SfMrrman] :  VUUl.  N.  D.  v.  p.  157  (IslO), 
Ana*  caudocuta,  Pall.Zoogr.  Rouo-A».  ii.  p,  280(1811):  £«aeA,  Cat. 

M.  ^  B.  Brit.  Mm.  p.  38  (1816). 
Anas  uiiiihoa,   VieiU.  A'.  I),  v.  p,  163  (1616)  (Mexico,  ex  Ber- 

nandrt). 
Dafila  caiidacuta,  Strph.  Gm.  Zool.  iii.  2,  p.  J27,  pi.  49  (1824); 

Jard.  Br.  Bird*,  iv.  p.  120  (1837?);    Sw.  Ctait.   B.  ii,  p,  367 

(1837);   GouW,  B.   af  Eur.   pi.   365    (1837);   R/t.  Man.  Anat. 

p.  11.3(1838);    Fra«T,  P.  ■£.  S.  1839,  p.  134  (Eraefoom);    Jerd. 

Madr.  Joum.  xii.  p.  220,  n,  385  (1840) ;  Dennv,  P.  Z.  S.  1847, 

p.  40 ;  Orde,  Ibi»,  1859,  p,  460  (N.  Uist) ;  Parker,  P.  Z.  S.  1863, 

p.  617  (aacral  vertebrw) ;  Egt.  &fn.  Anat.  v.  78  ( 1868). 
Tnchelonelto  acuU.  Kaup,  Hatarl.  I^it.n.  116  (1829). 
Atuw  caudata,  Brehm.  hit,  1830,  p,  997,  n,  3;  tf.  Nalurg.  Vbg. 

ZViriKiU.  p.  869(1831). 
Anaa  (DafilB)  cftiidacutn.  Sic.  ^  Birh.   Faun.  Bor.-Am.  ii.  p.  441 

(1831). 
Pbuiuiinii  Bcului,  Wagl.  Int.  1832.  p.  1235, 
Quwqtiedula  acata,  &■%,  lU.  Brit.  Om.  ii.  p,  311,  pi.  69  ( (f),  pi.  00. 


S  AII1TID.& 

f.  2  ( $  )  (183S) ;  StruAl.  P.  Z.  S.  1836,  p.  102  (Smvma) ;  GuUh. 
P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  488. 

Anas  (Boscbaa)  Acuta,  A'utl.  Man.  ii.  p.  886  (1834). 

Amu  (Dafila)  acuta,  Jenyni,  Man.  p.  332  (1835). 

Dafilb  acuta,  Eut.  Cat.  Br.  B.  p.  60  (1836) ;  Bp.  Comp.  Lut,  p.  66 
(1838);  Blylk,  P.  Z.  S.  1842,  pp.  93,  94;  Bartt.  Ven.  Ga.  Mui. 
p.  119  (1844) ;  O.R.Or.  Lilt  B.  BrU.  Mia.  iii.  p.  134  (Jamaica) 
(1844) ;  id.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  615,  n.  1  (1846) ;  id.  Cut.  Hodg,.  CoU. 
B.  M.  p.  145  (Nepal)  (1846) ;  Beinb.  Syn.  Av.,  Natatotes,  t.  88. 
ff.  221-23  (1845) ;  BUm.  Sj/it.  Ueb.  p.  138  (184-'))  ;  ffo*^,  B.  Jam. 
p.  408  (1847);  Bbjth.  Cat.  B.  Mut.  A.  S.  B.  p.  304,  ii.  1775 
(1849) ;  Bchni.  Av.  iS}/ft.  Nat.  p.  ijc  (1853) ;  Bnird,  Stiaub.  Sep. 
p.  323  (1852);  Woodh.  Sitgr.  Sep.  p.  103  (New  Meiico  and 
California)  (1853)  ;  Licht.  Xommcl.  Av.  p.  102  (Arabia)  (1854) ; 
Bp.  Oimpi.  Send,  xxivii.  p.  664  (1864) ;  id.  O^mpt.  Rend,  iliii. 
p.  650,  n.  112(1866);  Neicb.  F.  R.  R.  Rep.^\.  y-  102  (California, 
Oregon)  (1867) ;  Sclal.  P.  Z.  S.  1857,  p.  206  (Jalapa) ;  Gai.  ^ 
Gundl.  J.  f.  O.  1857,  p.  227  (Cuba)  ;  Com.  E^.  Am.  Sqfu-dr. 
China  Seas  and  Japan,  ii.  p.  231  (18C1) ;  id.  U.S.  ErpL  Exp., 
Mamm.  ^  Om.  p.  341  (1868) ;  Baird,  B.  N.  Am.  p.  776  (1858)  ; 
id.  Cat.  N.  Am.  B.  n.  578  (1859) ;  Beerm.  P.  S.  R.  Sep.  x. 
pt.  Ti.  p.  60  (Catlfomia)  (1859);  Murr.  Edinb.  N.  Phil.  Joum. 
1869,  p.  229 ;  Adamt,  P.  Z.  S.  1859,  p.  190 ;  Sdat.  4r  Salv.  Ihii, 
1869,  p.  231  (Guatemala)  ;  Coop.  ^  SuckL  N.  H.  Waih.  Terr. 
p.  262  (1860) ;  Bretper,  Pr.  Boit.  Soc.  X.  B.  TJi.  p.  308  (Cuba) 
(ISGO) ;  Irbtf,  Ri>,  1861,  p.  250  (Oudh) ;  Swinh.  Ptii,  1861,  p.  346 
(N.  Ciiina) ;  Aibncht,  J.  f.  O.  1862,  p.  207  (Jamaica) ;  Batpi. 
Rep.  1862,  p.  176  (Nebraska) ;  Blak.  Ibii,  1863,  p.  332 ;  Eoit, 
Omad.  Nat.,  vii.  p.  162  (1862) ;  id.  Nat.  Hist.  Rei\  (2)  ii.  p.  287 
(1862);  Verrill,  Pr.  Ea.  Jtut.  iii.  p.  158  (1862);  6.  R.  Gr. 
List  Br.  B.  p.  192  (1863) ;  id.  Cat.  Rodoe.  Coll.  B.  M.  2nd  ed. 
•>.  77  (1863) ;  Sidnk.  Ibi»,  1863,  p.  434  (Formosa) :  Zoitr.  Arm. 
■ M    1-  ..;;;    .„    1  o  it)= i  /lofioi.    t i     r>    „f  t-j    ;;; 


%l 


N.    y.  viii.  p.  13  (Pauama)  (1863) ;   Jerd.  B.  of  Ind.   i 

■■   " Var<h,  ^       ■       "■-■■-■■  -'      ' 


..  Stti   (l8liJ)i  iVanh,  Pr.  .it:  Philad.   18l!4,  p.  7l   jji 
'Mure,  Uiit,  18156,  i).  443  (Great  Britaici) ;  Ifn-n.  11^.  1866, 


'.  p.  z  &  1 

p.  a91 ;  Bhxnf.  Emt.  Persia,  ii.  p.  801  (1870) ;  BhU.  Str.  FeatA. 
IT.  p.  29  (iSrO);  Sadlv,  &id.  p.  200  (E.  Turkertiui)  (1876)1 
Sharp*,  Ibit,  1377.  p.  24  (noroei.) ;  Swinh.  ibid.  p.  147 ;  Taa.  Om. 
iima.  V<Kt.  Sibir.  p.  69  (18T7ji  id.  BiUl.  Soc.  Zoot.  Fr.  18T7, 
p.  46;  Damdft  OwU  Ou.  PAiiw,  p.  498  (1877);  Omdl.  An.  Soe. 
Eip.  Hilt.  Nat.  Tii.  p.  442  (Porto  Kico)  (1878) ;  Hume  ^  Datit. 
Sir.  Fcath.  vi.  p.  439  (1878)  ;  Ptjcv.  in  Sotelej/'t  Orn.  Mite.  iu. 

LlOl  (MongolU)  (1878);  Blakiil.  5-  Pryir,  Ihi»,  1878,  p.  213; 
*,  Ihit,  1870,  p.  22:  Humf,  Str.  Ftath.  riiL  p.  115,  a.  (162 
findis)  (187fl);  &utf 
P/iy».  Sof.  Edinb.  1880,  ■ 
Prjifr,  Tr.  At.  Six.  Jap.  viii.  p.  184  (1680J ;  Sdmidt,  P.  Z.  & 
188U,p.818;  Stm.P.Z.8.  1880,  p.  616;  Hume  ^  Monk.  Game 
B.  of  Ind.  iii.  p.  189,  pL  26  (1880) ;  Bidd.  Ibit,  1881.  p.  100 
(Giigit)  J  Mfyio.  Norn.  N.  Am.  B.  n.  805  (1881) ;  A.  ^  E.  Ntwl. 
Handb.  Jam.  p.  113  (1B81) ;  BlakUt.  ^  Prwr,  Tr.  At.  Soc.  Jap. 
X.  p.  97  (1883)  i  amet,  Chtck-Ud,  2ud  ed.  p.  118,  a.  710  (18^; ; 
BtJi.  Cat.  B.  Strkkl.  Oill.  p.  533  (1882)  ;  Oattt,  Sf.r.  FetOh.  x. 
p.  245  (1882)  J  id.  Birdt  Br.  Barm.  ii.  p.  278  (1883) ;  B.  O.  U. 
JM  Er.  B.  p.  134  (1883) :  Setat.  List  Vert.  An.  Bth  ed.  p.  434 
(1883);  Tact.  BuU.  Soc.  Zo<J.  Fr.  1883,  p.  343;  2feU.  Cruise 
•  Oinroi,' p,  96  (1883) ;  B.,  S.,  ^  R.  IVater-B.  N.  Amet.  i.  p.  611 
(1SB4) ;  Couei,  Key  N.  Am.  B.  p.  092,  lig.  480 ;  Badde,  Omit 
Cbw.  p.  46G  (1884) :  Bktkift.  Amend.  List  B.  Jap.  p.  9  (1864) ; 
Q/OaJ.  Am.  Mm.  Civ.  Gen.  (2)  i.  p.  243  (Shoa)  (1884) ;  Satmd. 
Yarrtir*  Bin.  Br.  B.  iv.  p.  380  (1884-85) ;  Sttjn.  BuU.  U.S.  Xal. 
jtfM.iio.29,p,  153(1886);  A.  O.  U.  Chech-Vat  N.Am.  B.'o.lM, 
n.  143  (1880) ;  Turtle,  Contr.  N.  H.  of  Atatka,  p.  lit  (1886) 
Salead.  El.  Ucn.  Bat,  p.  250  (1886) ;  Nelt.  Nat.  Hitt.  C«U.  %n 
Akuku,  p.  69  (1887);  Bidgv.  Man.  N.  Am.  B.  p.  97  (1887); 
Sckier,  MT.  om.  Vrr.  Wxen,  1887,  p.  23  (breeding  in  Itoh«miB); 
Martin,  Bull.  Sne.  Zoot.  FY.  1887,  p.  88  (breeding  near  Brenne) ; 
Stcjn.  JV.  U.S.  Nat.  Mat.  1887.  p.  136  {Commander  I.).  1688,  p.  97 
(Hftwuian  1st.) ;  Oatet,  IbU,  1888,  p.  73  (Bhama) ;  Too.  P.  Z.  8. 
1S68,  p.  460  (CoMi) ;  Sali-ad.  ^  Gigl.  Mem.  R.  Ae.  Sc.  Tar.  (3) 
xxxix.  p.  131  (Japui)  (1888) ;  Salvad.  Ann.  Mut.  Ctv.  Gen.  (2)-n. 
pu  320  (Shoa)  (1888) ;  I)orrkt,J./.  0. 1888,  p.  93  (E.  Siberia) ;  Qny, 
Auk,  1888,  p.  62  (Cuba,  Jamaica,  Porto  Rico);  id.  S.  W.  Ind. 
p.  203  (1889)  i  Trittr.  Cat.  Call.  B.  p.  60  (1889) ;  Exrett,  Joarn. 
Str.  Br.  R.  At.  Soc.  1889.  p.  192  (Borneo);  Samtdert,  Man.  Brit. 
B.  p.  417 ;  /.itford.  Col.  F^.  Brit.  B.  pt  liii  (1890)  j  Stetre,  Litl 
B.^M.of  fhe  Fhilij^ntt,  p.  27  (Laam)  (1890) ;  B«m..  Ibit, 
1881,  p.  72  (incubiiliou) ;  Sfiarpe,  ibid.  p.  116  (Fbo)  ;  Stomi,  ibid. 
pp.  328,  490;  Sharpe,  See.  Fork.  Mitt.,  Aim,  p.  131  (1891); 
BarieH,  Sat.  Vogdtamml.  p.  282  (1891);  Siorpf,  Cat.  Otleol. 
Spec.  ColL  Surff.  iii.  p,  302  (1891) ;  Haleh,  B.  of  Minnet.  p.  49 
(1802);  Seottirilt..foetHawai.pt.h.p.  —  Oma);  Chapm.  Ibit, 
1884,  p.  349  (W.  Jutland,  breeding) ;  Quit.  Oit.  Turketl.  etc. 
(Noup.  Arek.  Mut.  (3)  vi.  p.  100,  18^). 

QiUiqueduU  caudNCiila,  Mangitl.  Man.  Om.  Ii.  V-^^Q  (1843). 

Pafila  loDgicaudfl,  /In-bm,  Naumannia,  1865,  p.  297. 

DafiU  caudaU,  Brehm,  ibid. 

Dafik  ocuM  a.  amoHcuiia,  Bp.  Compt.  limd.  xtiii.  p.  050  (1866). 

Aou  (Dalik)  acula,  ScAnmA,  Vo.j.  d.  Amur-Lande,  p.  481  (1860) ; 
VOL.  XXVU.  I 


Eadde,  Seise  S.  O.-Sibir.  u.  p.  871  (1863) ;  Beknw.  On.  GaiiraliL 

1882,  p.  20;  uJ.  Vdg.  tool.  Gart.  p.  63  (1883). 
Daphiln  acute,  Oieb.  Thei.  (h  n.  ii.  p.  U  (187S1. 
DfipbUit  loDgicauda,  Qieb,  ibid. 

Hybridi. 
Dafila  acuta  X  RbyncliBspiB  cljpeata,  Sdyt,  Bp.  Compt.  Send.  xliu. 

p.  660  (1856). 
Anas  boMshas  x  Dafila  acuta,  A.   Netct.  P.  Z.  S.  1660,  p.  338, 

pL  cliviii. 

Anas  acutaxA.  querquedula,  Leadb.  P.  Z.  S.  1862,  p.  &i. 

Dafila  acuta  d  X  Aoaa  boschas  (domesticB)  S ,  Blot,  in  Aiium.  Fin;. 

Dndtchl.  xiii.  2,  p.  308,  Taf.  389.  f.  3  (1800) ;  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S. 

1860,  p.  616. 

Pintail  ij  X  Common  Duck  $ ,  rarrell,  Sitt.  Brit.  B.  {Saand.  ed.), 

iv.  p.  383  (1884-85). 

AduU  male.  Head  and  upper  neck  plain  hair-brown,  darker  on 

crown,  and  faintly  glossed  on  sides  of  occiput  with  purple ;  upper 

half  of  hind  neck  black,  with  a  white  stripe  on  each  side,  conflnent 

with  the  white  of  the  lower  neck  and  breast ;  lower  hind  neck 

greyish  brown ;  back,  sides,  and  flanks  waved  with  grey  and  dnsky ; 

upper  tail-coTerts  black,  the  median  broadly  edged  with  grey  ;  longer 

scapulars  velvety  black,  edged  with  whitish ;  wing-coverts  uniform 

brownish  grey,  the  last  row  broadly  tipped  with  cinnamon,  producing 

a  distinct  bar ;  primaries  brownish  grey,  darker  towards  the  tip ; 

speculum  varying  from  dull  metallic  green  to  bronzy  purple,  tipped 

with  whit«,  and  crossed  by  a  sabterminal  bar  of  velvety  black  ;  the 

inner  quill  of  the  speculum  velvety  black,  with  a  white  band  along 

the  inner  part  of  the  outer  web  ;  tertials  grey,  marked  with  a  velvety 

black  median  stripe ;    abdomen,  whitiah,  dusted  with  grey,  lower 

flanks  with  a  buff  tinge;  under  tail-coverts  black,  the  outer  ones 

white  on  the  enter  web ;  central  tail-feathers  long,  acuminate,  and 


ii2,  DATH,!. 


275 


«ovprt«,  and  most  of  tho  feathers  of  the  nunp  are  broadly  barred, 
ioHlead  of  enely  vermiculatod,  with  white  {Stthohm). 

Ailull  mala  in  niotdlijitj-jiluinaije  may  be  distinguished  from  adult 
females  by  liaving  an  alar  sgieaulum,  and  lieing  richer  aad  darker  in 
colour  (Setljokm). 

Yoany  in  floivn  have  the  same  pale  spots  on  the  upper  parte  as 
those  of  the  Mallard,  but  the  white  oa  tho  throat  and  holly  is  sligbtly 
suffuwed  with  Rroy  inslead  of  hulF,  and  in  addition  to  the  dark  line 
puAStn;;  through  the  eye.  a  »ecoiid  dork  line  passes  from  the  lores 
iidlow  the  eye  to  the  iiapc  \Stffiohm). 

According  to  some  omithologiata,  European  specimens  ilifter  verj- 
apprftciably  from  North  American  in  having  a  narrower  speculum 
{B„  H..  ^  B.),  bat  1  have  failed  to  find  that  there  is  any  appre- 
ciable differenee. 

Ilah.  Northern  Hemisphere,  breeding  ia  the  northern  parts,  and 
migrating  southward  to  Northern  Africa,  India,  Ceylon,  China,  and 
Japan,  and  in  America  as  far  as  Panama  and  Cuba.* 


b.    (fjUT.St. 

r.  9  ad.  It 
A  c;  sd.Bk. 
(L  (f  ad.ik. 
/.  PolLak. 
g,  K  rf  ad.  el 


f.  rfjuT.ak. 
f,r.  ij?  ad.  ak. 
«.  (fad-ak. 


Slietland,  April. 

Aldeburgb,  Suffolk,  Sept 

Cambridgrahire. 

Devonshire. 

Valk^nswHHrd,  Holland. 
Arcachon,  Fnuiee,  Jan.,  Nov. 
{E.  r.  SwAoAm). 

Near   Seville,    Spain,   Feb. 

(ff,  Samdfrt). 
Egypt,  Feb.  (0.  E.  S.). 
Egypt,  March. 

Anjrollsla  {Marrit). 
.\ichangel. 

Neriniiiwstaja,    Ob   River, 

Sept. 
Yen-e-»ai,  Siberia,  i^t.O 


H.  3.    Elwes,   £eq 

Theodore    Flsber, 

Esq.  [P.]. 
Purchased. 
Montagu  ColL 
Montagu  CoU. 
Salviu-Codraan  Coll. 
Seebohm  CoU. 


Shellev  CoU. 

Dr.    'fVOTthinirtoa 

[P.J.      ^ 
India  Museum  [P.]' 
n.   It.  Sharpe,  Esq. 

Dr.  O.'tlnsch  [P.]. 

Seebohm  CoU. 


•  Dafila  uoDEar*. 

TWnfr.  F.  Z.  S.  1886,  p.  70.  pi.  »ii,  (Svdnoy  I.,  Phoioii 
Onrap,  Ooitr.  Paoifle) ;  id.  Cat.  Coll  £.  p.  SO  (ISeo!;  Luter.  P.  Z.  S. 
18ftl,  pp.  289. 288,  300 ;   H'.^fo™,  Aea  Polgn.  p.  71  (1891). 
Cauoo  Trittniin  La*  kiadlj  Mat  ine  fur  inspectiou  lb«  t^vpa*  of  hi*  I),  mud/tta ; 
Ic  u  iminaturp.  ho*  Ihp  right  ving  out,  and  bu  been  kept  in  oonlliitf- 
1  ouiaut  (Irttinguiiih  them  froin  Hjina  tpaHiuen*  of  D.  aatUa ;   still. 
oMubbriug  ih»  loeaUiy  whcnmi  tliey  came.  I  do  not  think  it  quite  m,h,  at  Itott 
(br  iha  prnent,  to  UentiQ'  1).  niodcala  with  D.  acuta. 


276 

AVA-nvs. 

t-w.  rf  2  >i  8k. 

Lob-nor,  Feb.  {Ptjtt^aUky). 

H.    Seebohm,    Eaq, 
W.     D.     Cmmning, 
In^^uMum  [P.]. 

X.    rf  jUT.  8k. 

Fan,  Peraan  OuU,  Oct. 

y.B.  cJ2ad,8k. 

V,  f, ,:  i  9  «a. 

Bagaad. 

Kenneth  LoftuB,Esil. 

8t  ij  iuv.  ak. 
i.  Si>d.<k. 

[P.]. 

Kandahar,  Feb. 

Lt.-ColDnel  Swinhoe 

[P]. 
Hume  ColL 

t'.  6  ad.  ak. 

Kandabar,  Feb. 

/'-.-.  ,J  S  «i.  et 

India. 

Purchaaed. 

ijjm.di. 

»'.V«i.ak. 

N.  India. 

India  Miiaeum  [P.]- 

f.  <j8d.  8k. 

Ouibee    Dehra,    Laikhana, 
Jan.  (A.  0.  H.). 

Hume  CoU. 

».■.  J  aJ.  ak. 

Koree,  Uppei-  Sindb,  Jan. 
Eoree,  FeC 

Hume  CoU. 

n'.  d  ad.  ak. 

India  Muaeum  [P.]. 

a',  tf  8d,  ak. 

DeM. 

Hume  Coll. 

/.  5  ad.  ak. 

Guwaon,  Delhi,  Feb.   (W. 
If.  CMU). 

Hume  Coll. 

J'.  <J  ad.  ak. 

KumaoQ  (Stracheii). 

India  Museum  [P.]. 

t'-x/.  d  ?  ad.  at 

Etawah,  Not. 

Hume  CoU. 

JiuT.ak. 
vf-t.  rfSad.et 

Allahabad,    March,  Nov., 

Hume  ColL 

iav.  i' 

Dec.  {A.  0.  H.). 

Oudh. 

Capt.    Stackhouae 
PinwiU  [P.], 

n",  V.  (J  ad.  8k. 

Oudh,  Dec,  Jan. 

Hume  Coll. 

y.i^.A. 

Sultanpur,  Oudh,  Feb. 

Hume  CoU. 

»".  J  iJ.  ak. 

Hwdu5,   Oudh,    Feb.    {A. 

Anderam). 
Nepal 

Seebohm  Coll. 

f-a".  rf8ad.ak. 

B.  H.  Hodgson,  Esq. 

at  (J  JUT.  at. 

[P.]. 

p".  9  ad.  ak. 

Nepal  Dolaka,  Jan. 

Iliuue  Coll. 

J'. /ad.  dr. 

Manoum,  Ninal,  ApriL 

J.  ScuUt.  Esq.  [P.]. 

32,   DAFILA. 


277 


^.  S  ftd*  sk. 

**.  $  juv.  fik. 
P.  cJ  juv.  sk. 

m*.   2  juv.  sk. 
n\  $  ad.  St. 
0*.  c^juY.sk. 

P\f'  (^  juv-  et 
pull.  sk. 

r*,  «*.  (S  juv.  sk. 

/*,  tt*.  (^  ad.  et  cT 


JUY.  sk. 


«*.  c^  ad.  sk. 
v*.  c^  ad.  St 

4^.  cT  ad.  sk. 

y",  2^.  cJ  ad  et  cT 

juv.  sk. 
a*.  cT  ftd.  sk. 

A*,  c?  ad.  sk. 
c*.  2  io^m-  sk, 
rf*.  $  ad.  sk. 

«*-;>*.  f^  $  ad.  et 
JUV.  sk. 

5^-u*.  $  ad.  sk. 

27*.  cT  ad.  sk. 
V*.  2  a^*  sk. 
X*.  $  ad.  sk. 
y*.  cT  ad.  sk. 

X*.  Pull.  St. 
a'.  cJ  skeleton. 
^.  Skeleton. 
c*.    Skeleton  (im- 
perfect). 


Yokohama,      Japan 

Fryer). 
BintuJu/  Nov. 
Labuan,  Dec. 

Sarawak. 
N.  America, 
Kotzebue  Sound. 


St.  Michael's,  Alaska,  July, 

Aug.  (JE.  W.  Nelson), 
W.  side  of  Rocky  Mts. 
British  Columbia. 

Washin^n,  D.  C,  March, 
Missouri  Brakes,  Montana, 

April. 
Fort  Dufferin,  April. 

49th  Parallel. 

Canada. 

Indiana. 

Washoe  Lake,  Nevada,  Nov. 

Weaverville,  N.  California, 

March  (J.  S,  Cairns). 
Corpus  Christi,  Texas,  Jan., 

Oct.,  Dec.  {F.  B.  Arm- 

stroTKj). 
Tarpon      Springs,    Florida, 

Jan.,    Nov.    (W,  E,  I). 

Scott). 
Zacatecas,  Mexico   ( W.  B. 

Richardson). 
Dueiias,    Guatemala,    Feb. 

(0.6'.). 
San  Jose,  Costa  Rica,  May 

(M.  L.  CaUeja). 
Antigua,  Constancia  (O.  S,), 

London  Market,  March. 

Nepal. 


(J7.      Seebohm  Coll. 


Wa 


Purchased. 

A.  H.  Everett,  Esq. 

"C.]. 

"allace  Coll. 
Sir  G.  Back  [P.]. 
Capt.  Kellett  &  Ijeut. 

Wood  [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

J.  K.  Lord,  Esq.  \V.\ 
J.  K.  Lord,  Esq.  [P.J. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
E.  S.  Cameron,  Esq. 

[P.]. 

N.  America  Bound- 
ary Conun.  [P.]. 

N.  America  Bound- 
ary Comm.  [P.]. 

Government       of 
Canada  PP.]- 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


Salvin-Godman  ColL 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Zool.  Soc. 
Purchased. 

B.  n.  Hodgson,  Esq. 

[P.J. 


d^j  e*.  Ad.  St. 
/•.  Ad.  St. 

y*.  c^  ad.  sk. 


Hybrids. 
Dajila  acuta  x  Anas  hoscas. 

Great  Britain.  Old  Coll. 

Great  Britain.  Frederick  Bond,  Esq. 

[P.J. 
Beardstown,  Illinois,  ApriL       H.    Saunders,    Esq. 

[P.]. 


2.  Daflla  eatooi.    (Plate  ni.) 
Querquedula  sp.,  0.  Jt.  Gr.  Litt  B.  BriU  Miu.  iii.  p.  138  (Kerguelei 

Querquedula  keipielenms,  Clarkt,  Wre<A  of  the  'limorUe,'  p.  18t 
(1650)  (deacr.  niilk). 

Queiquedula  eatoni,  Sharpt,  Ibis,  1876,  p.  328  (Kenueleu  laland) 
Couai,  Qmlr.  Nat.  Hut.  Eerg.  /«.  p.  4  (1876) ;  Kidder  ^  Couet, 
Bail.  V.S.Nat.Mut.  iL  p.  4  (1875);  Cab.  J. J.  O.  1875,  "    "" 


Kidder,  op.  cd.  iii.  p.  7  (tmre)  (1870)  i  CtA.  *  SchniB.  J.f.  O.  1876, 
^.  329 ;  Sharpe,  Tratu.  Vea.  E.cped.,  Zool.,  Birds,  p.  5,  pi.  Ti. 
1977);  Eaton,  ibid.  f.  7  (Crozettea)  (1877);  Sclal.  P.  Z.  S.I878, 


p.  578)  Sharps,  Phil.  Zran*.  clxviii.  p.  105,  pi.  ri.  (1879);  Eaton, 
tbid.  p.  107  (Crozettea)  (1879) ;  MoieUy,  Noiei,  pp.  190, 191  (1879); 
Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  310  {egaa),  1880,  p.  523 ;  td.  Toy.  CkaOaig., 
Birds,  pp.  113,  150  (1881)  ;  Milne-Edv>.  Reeh.  Faun.  Big.  Auttr. 
chftp.  ii.  p.  40  (1882) ;  B.,  B.,  ^  R.  Water-B.  N.  Am.  ii.  p.  i 
(DOte)  (1^) ;  Pagenit.  Jakrb.  d.  Hamb.  Wissmsch.  Anst.  ii.  p.  8 
(pan)  (1884) ;  Cab.  J.f.  0.  1888,  p.  lia 

Adult  male.  Head  aod  upper  part  of  the  neck  dark  brown,  tiie 
feathers  with  narrow  central  darker  Btripes ;  nape  blackish  with 
pale  dottiugB ;  interscapular  region  and  back  brown,  waved 
with  narrow  whitdsh  bars ;  scapnlare  long  and  acnminate,  black, 
with  greyiah  edgee,  the  onter  ones  black  on  the  apical  part  out- 
wardly ;  npper  tail-corerta  brown  edged  with  whitish,  the  onter 
ones  black  on  the  outer  web  ;  nnderparta  dull  greyish,  with  a  slight 
brown  tinge  on  the  crop-region,  which  is  thickly  dotted  with  small 
blackish  spots  or  streaks,  the  latter  finer  on  the  breast ;  sides  and 
flanks  regularly  barred  with  black  and  white,  the  white  bars  the 
narrowest ;  crissnm  black  in  the  middle,  greyish  outwardly ;  wings 
greyish  brown ;  speculum  bronzy  green,  but  the  upper  and  lower 
paiis  velvety  black,   bounded  anteriorly  by  a  narrow  cinnamon 


32.  KAnti.  279 

Immature  maU.  Resemblra  the  female,  bat  haa  the  iringB  as  in 
Uie  ad  nit  malo. 

Touny,  Resembles  the  female,  but  has  the  feathen  of  the  lower 
parts  centred  with  brown  atreaks, 

rotiiuf  in  rfi'wn.  Similar  to  the  young  iu  down  of  D.  actiUt,  Imt 
the  sides  of  the  head  Uislinctly  nifescont;  a  tinge  of  the  same 
appears  also  od  the  thrust,  breast,  and  sides. 

The  type  of  Ihis  species  is  an  iminmature  male,  and  does  not  show 
the  cbantcteristica  of  the  genus,  which  are  ijaito  evident  iu  the 
fiilly  adult  male— almost  a  miniature  of  the  male  Pintail. 

Ball.  Eerguclen  Island,  and  apparently  also  Crozette  Islands. 

*-/■  d  5  «d.,juv.,  Kerguelen  L  'Challenp^^'  Eip^d.  [C.]- 

et  pulL  sk. 

/,  k.    $   sd.  et  (J  KePgueleo  L  (Eaton).  The  Admiralty  [P.]. 

imm.  «k.  (Types  of  the  species.) 

ii  A,  /.  (f  S  ad.  sk.  Kerguelen  I.  Antarctic  Exped.  [C.]. 

m.  Imm.  tic.  Crozette  L  Capi.  Armson  [P.]. 


3.  Dafila  ipiiuc&ada. 

Pato  cola  A^uda,  Asira,  Apunt.  iii.  p.  421,  n.  42H  (Bocnos  Ayrea) 
(leOS)  nude 

Anas  xpinicaada.  TieUl.  N.  D.  v.  p.  13-5  (1816) ;  id.  Eik.  Mtth.  i. 
p.  Me  (1833) ;  Ourm.  La  Ptata-lUiie,  U.  p.  515  (ParaaS)  (1801)  j 
SciUg,  Mtu.  F.-B.,  Anseres,  p.  38  (1866);  Ok6.  Thee.  Ora.  i. 
p.  3^  (1873). 

Anas  oxTura,  Licht.  in  Miu.  Smvl.  ;  Maim,  Noea  A  eta,  xvi.  Suppl. 
i.  p.  123  (Chili)  (1834);  Mentm,  JErtdi  ^  Orub.  Ene.  sect.  i. 
votxxsv.  p,  43  (1841) ;  C.  S.  Gr.  Gm.  B.  iii.  p.  616.  n.  22  (1846) ; 
Dftilun,  in  Oa^i  Faim.  CM.  i.  p.  UQ  (184«) ;  Licht.  Nomenel. 
-Jr.  p.  10I(I85J);  Qm.  t/'.S..i«lr.£n>.  iL  p.202(1866);  Burm. 
Im  Plata-BeiM,  ii.  p.  616  (Meodoza)  (1861) ;  PhiL  ^  Lama,  OU. 
Av.  Chil.  p.  i\  (18B8);  Phil^,  OrnU,  iv.  p.  160  (1888 )  (Aiito- 
taga»M);  Waugh  ^  LalaiU,  Act.  Soc.  Se.  CKiVi,  IT.  p.  Ixxx'a. 
(renaflores)  (1804). 

Enamatura  spinicnuda,  O.  «.  Or.  Oen.  B.  iiL  p.  «27,  n.  7  (1844)  ; 
Uartt.  hid.  Atar.  Apunt.  p.  27,  n.  420  (1847) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Om.  B. 
iii.  Append,  p.  28    '■""■      ■■  -     '-        ■"  ""■    ■"'.    >■ 

(S.  Braiil)  (1870). 

Datila  oxTura,  BcAnk  &p>.  Av.,  Natatore^  1 88.  S.  Q-iO-OSI  (1845) ; 
*to.  /'.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  SS5  (Chili) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Uand-litl,  iii.  p.  81, 
uo.  10633  (1871) ;  Tad.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  65*  (Peru),  1B82,  p.  47 
(N.E.  Peru)  i  PhUippi,  Omit,  \i.  p.  lOO  (Antofsffasta)  (1888). 

DaQla  spinicauda,  Bp.  Gmtpt.  Rend.  xUii.  a.  660,  n,  113  (1B66); 
Sclal.  &  Sale.  P.  Z.  S.  1868,  p.  146  (llep.  Ar?.).  1869.  p  167 
(Tinla.  Peru) ;  iid.  Una,  1870,  p.  601 :  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1870, 
jro.  66.5,  OtW,  pi.  MSTiii.  i  O.fi.  Or.  .HoniWW,  iii.  p.  81,  n.  10a»l 
{1871);  Jana.i'.Z.S.  I87S,  p.3e7(ArjfeotiDe);  Oarrod,  P.  Z.  S. 
1873,  pp.  467,  639;  Selat.^  Sale.  Nommd.  Av.  Nratrop.  p.  180 
(1873);  iid.P.Z.S.  1870, pp.  17,  392  (Peru):  Duntf.  IbUA^O, 
p,  1«8. 1877,  pp.  41. 193, 1878,  pp.  W,401  (Centr.  Palag.) :  Setat. 
P.  Z.  8.  1880,  p  516  ;   Sharpi,  P.  Z.  S.  1881,  p.  H;  S^v.   Cat. 


B.  StrickL  CoU.  p.  533  (1682) ;  Milne-Edvi.  Sech.  Fmm.  JUg. 
Atatr.  ch.  is.  p.  46  (1882) ;  WhiU,  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  42;  Siiat. 
lAtt  Vert.  An.  Sth  ed.  p.  433  (1883);  Barrow*,  Auk,  1884, 
p.  274  (Entrerios) ;  Boeek,  MT.  orn.  Ver.  Wien,  1884,  p.  167 
(extract,  p.  24}  (Cocbabamba,  Bolivia) ;  Sclat.  P,  Z.  S.  1886,  p.  402 
(TarapacS) ;  Taez.  Om.  Pir.  iu.  p.  481  (1886) ;  Berl.  J.f.  O. 
1887,  p.  133  (Paraguay  P) ;  Sclat.  Argent.  Om.  ii.  p.  134  (1888) ; 
Triar.  Cat.  Coll.  B.  p.  60  (1889) ;  Srlat  P.  Z.  S.  1891,  p.  136 
(Tarapacfi);  Sdal.  lbt»,  1890,  p.  425;  tarn,  P.  Z  S.  1801,  p.  178 
(ducluB  Botalli);  Oiut.  Atitt.  Se.  Cap  Horn,  vi.  OU.  p.  S09 
(1891);  fflirfart,  Kat.  Vageliamml  p.  281  (1891);  Kerr,  Ibit, 
1892,  p.  146 ;  Holland,  BiU,  1892,  p.  207 ;  Berkeley  Jamtt,  Nao 
List  Ckil.  B.  p.  9,  D,  167  (1892)  ;  Aplin,  Ibii,  1894,  p.  201 
(Uniguaj). 

Dafila  urophaaanus,  Sclat.  (nee  T'iff.)  P.  Z.  S.  1660,  p.  388  (Fidk- 
laDds) ;  Abdalt,  Ibii,  1861,  p.  100  (FalklandB). 

Anaa  (Dafila)  spinicauda,  Surm.  J.  /.  O.  leW,  p.  266,  n.  246 
(HendoHt) ;  MUne-Edm.  SecA.  Faun.  Big.  Auttr.  cbap.  ix.  p.  45 
(1882). 

Aii«B  (Dafila)  eaudacuta,  Burm.  {nee  PaS.)  ibid.  p.  247  (Paranfi). 

Dafila  sp.,  Sdat.  ^  Salt.  Ibii,  1868,  p.  189  (Sandy  Point). 

Dafila  caudacuta,  G.  R.  Gr.  Sand-litt,  iii.  p.  81,  n.  10683  (Fannfi) 
(1871). 

DaphUi*  Bpinicauda,  Giti.  The*.  Om.  ii.  p.  14  (1876). 

Anae  (Dafila)  spinicauda,  Bch«u>.  Om.  Oentralbl.  1882,  p.  20;  ti'. 
VUg.  Md.  aurt.  p.  63  (1882). 

Byhridt, 
Dafila  Binnicauda  <;  X  .£z  spODM  $ ,  JVnn,  P.  Z.  &  1891,  p.  830  ( cf ). 

Adult  male.  Above  brown,  feathera  black  in  the  centre,  those  of 
the  back,  ramp,  and  upper  tail-coverts  mctigined  with  greyish 
blown,  the  ecapnlnrs  mai^ned  with  nifouH-brown ;    head  above 


33,    PffiCILONETTA.  281 

ffiA.   Sontt  America,  from  Sonthern   Brazil   on  tlie  East   and 
Southern  Peru  on  the  West  to  Maf^ellan  Straits  and  Falkland  Islands. 


d.  Ad.  tk. 
e,/.  Ad.  8k. 
p.  Ad.  Ek. 
A.  cj  ad.  ik. 

m,  B.   <J$   ad. 

sk. 
«,»?.   (JS  ad. 

»Mi.  J  ad.  et 
(J  2  juv.  A. 

p-y.  d  2  ad.  et 
JUT.  ak. 

>.  Ad.  Ik. 


Tinta,  Peru,  .Tune. 
Lafrunti     de      Tangnsuca, 

Peru  {If.  jniffl^}. 
Laguna   de  Langiu,   Feb. 

IH.   H'hiltly). 
ChUi. 

Chili  (E.  a  Bead). 
Chill  (£.  C.  AwrfV 
Kio  Bueno,  Chill,  Jan. 

Sacaya,  ProT.  of  Tarapaca, 

CHili,  March. 
Silani,  Tarapaca,  Jan. 

Corral,  Chill,  Oct. 

Rio  Pilmaiquen,  Chili,  Feb. 

Central  Chili. 

Talcahuano,  Sept. 

Sand?  Point,   Sir.  of  Ma- 

freOan,  Dec 
Falkland  U. 
Uruguay,  Sept. 

Monte  Video  (Jahmton). 
Moreno,    Buenoa    Ay  res, 

Nov. 
Bred  iu  confinement. 


SalvJn-tToduian  C 

n.J.ElweB,Esq.[T.]. 

Piirehased. 
Purchased. 
SrJvin-Undnittn  Coll. 
11.    Berkeley  Janiai, 

E«,.  [P.]. 
H.   Iwrkeley  James, 

Esq.  [P.]. 
n.  Berkeley  Jamea, 

Esq.  rp.]. 

H.  Berkeley  James, 

Esq.  IP.]: 
H.   Berkeley  Jnmef, 

Esq.  [P.]. 
B.   Berkeley  Jamas, 

Eeq.  [P.]. 
Dr.  Coppinger  [C.]. 
SalTia-Oodman  CoIL 

Ttrecddale  OoU. 
Alan  Peel,  Esq,  [C.]. 

Salvin-Oodmaa  Coll, 
H.    Dumford,    Esq. 

[P.l 
Lord  Lilford  [P.]. 


Htbkid. 

Dafila  tpinicawla  jf   X  .-Ex  tjpotun  ?■ 

Bred  in  confinement  {Zool.         Frank     Finn,     Esq. 


33.  PffiCILOlTETTA. 

PKrilnnitta,  Eytnn,  Mob.  Anat.  p.  .SI  (1838)    P.  bahamenns. 

INeciloiiitla,  (5.  S.  Or.  LUt  Gen.  H.  p.  74  (If^O). 
PcBcilcaietta,  Asauix,  Xoiitcncl.  Zool.,  Ai-et,  p.  61  (1&43-46). 

Jtanfft.  Soatbem  America  from  tho  West  Indies  southwards,  aud 
Africa  toatb  of  the  Sahara. 


I 


Kry  to  the  SjoenM. 
«,  T»i!  and  upper  lail-coverta  pale  rufous,  nearly 
uniform;   central  tajl-fealbera  muun  elon- 
gated and  acuminale. 

,  (-lieeka  pure  white,  \vith  no  dark  spots : 
(iie  lar^r ;  wing  S*4  to  10  inebea 


b'.  Cheeks  vrhitiBh,    thieUf   speckled    with 

brown :  size  smaller;  wing  7'6  inches   . .    galapagentU,  p.  264. 
(,  Tail  and  upper  lail-coTerto  brown,  the  feKthers 
with  narTDw  whitish  or  grejdBh  edges ;  central 
tail'faatherB  not  partJcuXarlj  elongsled «TyfArorAyneAa,p.S86. 

1.  Pmcilonetta  bahamaiiBig. 
MarecB,  Anatis  Bjlveatris  speciee,  Marcgr.  But.  Br.  libr.  t.  p.  314 

(J648). 

Anas  behameDBis,  Cate^,  Carolina,  i.  p.  98,  t.  93  (1754) ;  Briu. 
Om.  V\.  p.  368  (1760). 

Ilathera  Duck,  Co(#rfy,  ibid. ;  Lath.  Syn.  iii,  2,  p.  607,  n.  6S  (1785). 

Anas  bahamengis,  Linn.  S.  JV.  i.  p.  199,  n.  17  (1706)  (ex  Cateibj/) ; 
Gm.  S.  JV.  i.  2,  p.  616,  n.  17  (178») ;  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  iL  p.  865,  a  58 
(1790)  i  rieill.  N.  D.  t.  p.  126  (1816) ;  LuJU.  Abk.  h.  Ak.  Wif 
tensch.  Berl.  1816-17,  p.  172 ;  Dim.  Did.  Sc.  JVirf.  \i.  p.  386 
(1817);  Wied,  Beitr.  iv.  p.  925  (8.E.  Brazil)  (1832);  Fraier, 
P.  Z.  S.  1843,  p.  119  (Chili);  T«A.  Wii^m.  Arch.  1844,  i.  p.  315 
(Pern)  ;  id.  Faun.  Per.,  Avee,  p.  64,  n.  2  (1846)  ;  P  Yarrell,  P.  Z.  S. 


3847,  p.  54  (Chili;  egg);  Burm.  ^ri.  Ueb.  iii.  p.  436  (1856); 
Cab.  f.f.  O.  1857,  p.  3-i7  (Anmerh.)  ;  Gundi.  J.f.  O.  1861,  p.  191 
(Cuba);   SeAi^.  Mus.  P.-B.,  AnBeres,  p.  55  (1866);  Sund.  (Efe. 


E.  Vet.-Ak.  Fiirh.  1869,  p.  691 ;  ffieft.  Thee.  Om.  i.  p.  346  (1872). 
Marec,  Buff.  Hitl.  Nat.  0«.  ix.  p.  266  (1783). 
Anas  ilathera,  Bonn.  Enc.  Mlth.  i.  p.  151  (1791). 
Fato  pico  aplomado  y  roxo,  Axara,  Apunt.  iii-  p.  436,  n.  433  (Buenos 

Aires)  {1§06). 
Canard  &  bee  rouge  etplomb£,iSi>ni)vit, 'lair.  Fay,  ir.  p.  340,  n.  433 

(1809). 
Anas  mbiirostris,  Vieia.  N.  D.  v.  p.  108  (1816)  (ex  Axara) ;  id.  Sue. 

MHh.  i.  p.  363  (1833) ;  G.  ILGr.Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  616,  n.  16  (1845). 
Mareca  balianiensis,  Si<y)k.  Get).  Zoi,t.  xii.  2,  p.  137  (1824). 
Anns  urophui^iiiDus,  Virf.  Zool.  Jtrurn.  it.  p.  857  (N.W.  America  !) 

■*"' —  ;  Lest.  Compl.  de  Buff.,  OU.  \x.  p,  536  (1837)  ;  id.  op.  cit. 


33.  pfflcii-ONErTA.  283 

p.  Ml  (1656) ;  Baird,  B.  N.  Am.  p.  776  (note)  (1858) ;  ftfa. 
ifrwf  NoBora,  Vim.  p,  IS8  (Chili ;  oaa)  (1865)  ;  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S. 
I867,p.336(0bUi);  FhU.^Landi,.  Cal.Av.  Cktlt, y.  i\  (lHHS)  i 
Sclat.  ^  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1868,  p.  146  (ConcUitas);  PtL  Om.  Bra*. 
pp.  320, 460,  Iriii  (1870)  ;  Burm.  P.Z.S.1 872,  p.  307  (Argentine) ; 
/*&.««,  1873, p.  40;  Sclat.  ^  Salv.  Ni>mmcl.Ai:  Neotno-f.  130 
(1873);  i<d.  P.  Z.  8.  1876,  p.  803  (part.) ;  Durn/,  Ibu,  1876, 
p.  163,  1877,  p.  102  (Buenoa  Ayres) ;  Xoiw.  iV.  U.8.  Nat.  Mm. 
1.  n.  487  (Antigua,  Guadeloupe)  (1878) ;  Too.  P.  Z.  S.  1879, 
p.  243  (Tuinbez,  N.  Peru) ;  Schmidt,  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  316 :  &^l. 
P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  516;  Coiy,  B.  Bahama  l$l.  p.  185  (1881);  A,  ^ 
E.  Ntwt.  Haitdb.  Jant.  p.  113  (1881)  ;  Sdii.  Oi?.  B.  Striekl  Coll. 
p.  633  (1882) ;  Selat. List  Vert.  An. 8(h ed.  p. 435  (1r<83) ;  Barrow*, 
AiA,  1884,  p.  274  (Timiwis);  Botck,  MT.  om.  Ver.  WieH,  1884, 
p.  167  (Mtract,  p.  34)  (Cocl»tbiinib»,  Boli»iii) ;  Cory,  B.  Haiti 
mdStatDomiHffo,  p.  167  (18SS);  id.  Litl  B.  W.  Ind.  p.  31  (1885); 
Sak.  Ibu,  1886,  p.  172 ;  Taa.  On.  Fir.  iii.  p.  482  (1886) ;  Mao- 
Pitrl.  lint,  1887,  p.  203  (Aricn,  Mollendo)  ;  Sidgtu.  Man.  N.  Am. 
B.  p.  08  (1887) ;  Btrl.  J.  f.  0.  1887,  p.  133  (Parsmiay  ?) :  Oury, 
AtOi,  1888,  p.  02  (Bubamiu  and  Antilles) ;  id.  B.  W.  Ind.  p.  20:t 
(1880):  ScUit.  Argait.  Om.  U.  p.  135  (186d){  Tritlr.  Cat.  OoU. 
£.p.S6(188U);  Meyer,  Abb.  F^k^&M.  Taf .  cxvi.  {ISSS) ;  HoU. 
Jj- Sclat.  Ibit,  1890,  p.  435;  Owrf.  Afw..  Sc.  Cap  Som,  tj.  Om. 
p,  314  (1801) ;  Pma.  J.f.  O.  1801,  p.  125  (Cordoba)  ;  SaHert, 
Xat.  VngtUmml.  p.  231  (1801) ;  SAam,  Cat.  Osteal.  Sptdm.  Cbll. 
Sia-s/.m.  p.  302  (1891);  SoUatid,  Ibt»,  1803,  p.  207;  Berkeley 
Jmntt,  iVaw  Lilt  CMl.  B.  p.  0  (1802). 
Pcecilonetta  baliameuus,  Bchnb.  Syn.  At.,  NaUtores,  I.  83.  f.  022 
(1M5) ;  GoiM,  B.  Jam.  p.  408  (1847) ;  BikiA.  Av.  Sy*.  Xat.  p.  be 
<18<)2);  Sclet.P.Z.S.  1860,  p.  380  (Falklaods);  Abbott,  Ibii, 
1861,  p,  160  (FiJblaiids) ;  AUn-ttM,  J.f.  0. 1862,  p.  207 ;  March, 
Pr.  Acad.  Philad.  1864,  p.  71 ;  Sclai.  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  620  (breed- 

S'    !)  i  G.  R.  Gr.  Band-titt,  iii.  p.  81,  n.  10630  (1871) ;  Sundet. 
tth.  not.  Ac.  di»p.  Teat.  p.  147  (1872)  i   (hmdl.  J.  /.  O.  1874, 
*■      •      «.  An.  Soc.  Etp.  Uitt.  Nat.  ■  " 


1.314   (Porto 


1878) ;  irf.  ^.  /  0-  1878,™.  163,  190,1881,  p.  400  (Cuba)!' 
-■' — "'  urophtisiimu*,  £p.  Campt.  Said.  xliiL  p.  650,  n.  116 


76  (18^). 

O.   1860,  p.  366;   id.  La 
Sehm.  Om.  Ordralbl. 


^^  green, 

^^^  colour 


Peciloi 

(1856). 
Datila  utDphflAiann,  Baird,  B.  N.  Am. 
Ants  (D&ula)  bahnmeiins,  Burm.  J. 

PUia-Beite,  ii.  p.  515  (Uruguay)  (IHII) 

1682,  p.  200 !  id.  rUg.  :ooL  GiirL  p.  63  (1883). 
PndlonetU  urophuinuus,  O.  K.  Gr.  Iland-tUt,  iiL  p.  81,  n.  10637 

(1871). 
Daphila  bahamensiB,  Gieb.  TAet.  Orn.  ii.  p.  14  (1875). 

AduU  malt.  T7pp«r  part  of  the  head,  nape,  lower  neck,  upper 
back,  breast,  and  abdomen  reddish,  nitb  black  spots,  almOHt  roond, 
ou  the  neck,  breast,  and  abdomen ;  cheeks,  sides  of  the  head,  and 
throat  pure  irhitc ;  tower  back  and  rump  blackisli  brown ;  upper 
tsil-coverts,  tail,  and  under  tail-covorts  immaculate  fawn-colour, 
the  latter  with  a  slight  rosy  tinge ;  the  tail  paler  towards  the  tip ; 
■CBpolars  blaok,  edfed  on  both  webs  with  reddish  ;  wing  dark  slaty 
green,  tpeoulum  glossy  green,  margined  antcriorl_v  by  a  fawn- 
coloured  band,  formed  by  the  tips  of  the  greater  wing-ooverts,  and 
jMMtcriorly  bj-  a  velvety  black  band,  followed  by  a  broader  one  of  a 


fawn-colour,  formed  by  the  tipe  of  the  secondaries ;  tertials  dnaky 
brown  edged  with  fawn-colour,  the  inner  ones  velvety  black  along 
the  middle ;  under  wing-coverts  like  the  upper  ones,  bnt  the  greater 
ones  grey,  and  the  inner  once,  like  the  axillars,  whitish  :  bill  bloish- 
lead,  with  two  red  or  bright  orange-yellow  spots  at  the  base  of  the 
npper  mandible ;  feet  brown.  Total  length  I'J  inches,  wing  8-4-10, 
tail  5,  calmen  1-85,  tarsus  1-40. 

Femaie.  Similar  to  the  male,  but  somewhat  smoll.er  and  lea* 
bright,  especially  on  the  Bpeculum. 

Young  male.  Similar  to  the  female. 

Young  in  down.  Very  idmilar  to  the  same  stage  of  DaJUa  acuta, 
but  the  white  of  the  sides  of  the  head  aod  nnderparta  with  a  slight 
yellow  tinge. 

Hah.  Bahamas,  Antilles,  and  the  whole  of  South  America,  with 
the  Falklands,  but  not  in  Venezuela,  Colombia,  and  Ecuador. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Antigua,  W.  Indi^,  Feb.  W.  India  Committee 

(FrUdat).  [P.]. 

h.  d  ad.  ek.  Cajutuba,    Bradl    (Nat-  Sah-in-Oodman  Coll 

terer). 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Buenos  Ajres,  Aug.  H.]>uraford,Esq.n 

d.  Ad.  St  Chili.  C.  Crawley,  Esq.  f 

e.  Ad.  St.                  S.  America.  J.  E.  Gray,  Esq.  ^ 
f,ff.    6  ad.  et         Bred  in  confinement  (Zool.  H.J.Elwas,Eaq.  {T-j 

ad.  sk.  Soc.),  Feb.,  Oct. 

h.  Ad.  St  Dr.  Giinther  [P.]. 

I,  k.  PuU.  St.  Zoolo^cal  Society. 

;.  Skeleton. 


*..  PtBcilonetta  galapagensia. 


■•I 

n  TT>T 


23.  ttKciLOKETii.  265 

3.  Fouilonetta  erythrorhyncha. 

Crimson-billed  Duck,  Lath.  .>y».  iii.  2,  p.  50",  n.  52  (lT8->)  (Cape  of 

Oiiod  Bone). 
Ana*  emhrorhjncha,  Cm.  S.  X.  i.  2.  p.  517,  n.  7»  (1788)  ;  Zaf-S. 
Ind.  dm.  ii.  p.  S-Vi,  a.  fl7  (1790) ;  Bonn.  Enc.  Milk  i.  p.  120 
(1T90) :  Oum.  Dkt.  Sc.  An(.  »i.  p.  SSO  (1816) ;  Surch.  Tmveh, 
t  p.  283  (1822),  ii.  p.  Sie  (1831) ;  G.  H.  Gr.  Oen.  B.  iii.  p.  616, 
D.14  (18*5) ;  SmiiA,  lU.  S.  Afr.  Zool.,  Birdi,  pi.  lOl  (1846)  :  De* 
Xuri  in  Le/tberr.  V,t,.  Aln/K*.,  Ou.  p.  173  (1845-1850) ;  Lieht. 
A'omrtu^.  Av.  p.  101  (1854);  Bk/th,  J.  A.  S.  B.  isiv.  p.  26.5 
{AbysMnio)  {l&w);  BolU,  J.f.O.  18C6,  p.  165  (Zool.  Gard.)  ; 
Btugl.  J.  f.  O.  1803,  p.  4  ;  iVfa.  Beise  Aown-o,  Vofftt,  p.  138 
(Cap*)  (1805);  ScAlf/.  Miu.  P.-B.,  Anwres,  p.  .50  (1800);  id. 
P.  Z.  S.  1806,  p.  436  (Mndnpiscor)  i  Layard,  B.  S.  Afe.  p.351 
(1667) ;  Hnrii.  P.  Z.  S.  1807.  p.  837  (Zaniib»r) :  Hirugl.  Ban  nacA 
Ab>fmH.  1801-63.  p.  260  (1808) ;  Schleg.  *  PuU.  Rech.  Faun. 
Madag.  p.  141  (1808)  ;  Chapm.  Trav.  in  S.  Afr.  ii.  App.  p.  422 
(1888)  i  Fintch  S(  JlarfJ.  Vog.  Oit-Afr.  p.  808  (18701  ;  ft>6. 
Tket.  Om.  i.  p.  3M  ^1872) ;  nartt.  FSff.  Xadog.  p.  303  (1877) : 
8heU.  P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  810  (Mamboio);  Milnf-Edw.  ^  Ornnd. 
Oil.  Madoff.  p.  725,  pi.  275.  f.  4  (heail)  (1882) ;  Fiahtr.  ZeiUehr. 
ffa.  Om.  1884,  p.  3il4  (Masai) ;  SUhrn,  J.  f.  0.  1885,  p.  62 
tKaruma.  C.  .\frica) ;  Emi«,J.f.O.  1891,p.68  fUgoiro);  ifcAnio. 
Qtid.  p.  141;  Harttrt,  Kal.  FoffeUamml.  p.  230(1891):  Sibree, 
nil,  1892,  p.  270;  ScAnw.  J.f.  O.  1892,  p.  0  (Bukoba,  Ugsnik) ; 
id.  Vgg.  Deutick-O^I-AJr.  p.  26  (1894). 
Ajia«  melanura,    I'ieiit.  (nee  Om.)  A'.  J),  v.  p.   135  (nee   p.   165) 

(1818). 
Tadorna  ervthrorbynclia,  SlepA.  Gm.  Zool.  xii.  2,  p,  75  (1824). 
Qnerqueduk  erfthroTbyncba,  Sm^A,  Cat.  S.-A/r.  Mm.  p.  30,  □.  325 
(1887);  Bp.  ComiA.   Smd.  xliii.  p.  050,  n.  100  {1»50) ;  Htugl. 
Om.  N.O.-Afr.  ii.  2,  p.  133.)  (18i3)  ;  Holub,  Beitr.   Om.  Siid- 
^fr.  p.  330  (1882) ;  Bahm,  J.  /.  O.  1885,  p.  03;  JlwAw,  J.  /.  O. 
1886,  p.  115  (GftUa) ;  Jiiibmi,  Bull  Mm.  Sou.   itH.   N.  dt  Beta. 
IT.  p.  149,  IL  193(1886)  (TaDKanyika) ;  MaUchte,  J.f.  O.  im, 
pp.137,  144. 
pBcilonitta  erythrorbiiicha.  E<jl.  Man.  Anat.  p.  115  (1838) ;  G.  B. 
Gr.  Liil  B.  Brit.  ?iu».  iii.  p.   134  (Abjasima)  (1814);  ^it.  &m. 
./iBOf.  p.67{18flt)). 
Mar«>cB  errthrorb.vncluk,  Ilartl.  Vert.  Get.  Mm.  p.  119  (1844), 
Anas  pTTThorbyncha,  Font.  Icon.  ined.  t.  73;  td  Daer.  An,  Ud. 

ZibM.)  p.  4-5  (1844), 
FiBcilonitts  erylhrorhyncbn,  Snpp.  Sutt.  Ueion.  p.  138,  n.  491 
(Saiiiu>ar,AbTB«iiiA)(1845);  SAtU.  Ibii,  1885,  p.  415  (Somali) ; 
ttf.  p.  Z.  S.  lesa  p.  371  (Kilimanjaro). 
Asas  punctaU,  ifcAnft,  ( 

ff.  915-910  (1845). 
Anu  pyrrhocephala,  "  Font."  (errore),  BMk,  Cat.  B.  Mue.  A.  S.  B. 

p.  804,  in  STn.n.  1776(1849). 
DafllB  erythrorbvncha.  Blyth.  Cat.  B.  Mia.  A.  S.  B.  p.  304,  n.  1778 
(1849) ;  Harit-  Om.  Buitr.  Faun.  Madag.  p.  82  (1801) ;  PolUn, 
K.  T.  D.  J.  p.  ^27  (1803) ;  Bach  *  E.  Xeiet.  Ibii,  1803,  p.  174 
(Madagascar);  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  I8tt3,  p.  105;  Verr.  in  FuMon'* 
Toy.  it  Mailay.,  Ann.  Ii,  p.  4  (1805) ;  Grand.  Rev.  H  Mag.  dt 
Zool.  1808,  p.  5  (Madagaacar) ;  SclaL  P.  Z.  8.  1880,  p.  315;  ISutl., 
FeOd.,  4-  Seid,  Katural  1 882,  p.  437  (Natal) ;  Sale.  Cat.  B.  Strieid. 


Coll.  p.  53,1  (186i) ;  Sdat.  Lilt  Vert.  An.  Stb  ed.  p.  436  (ISSS) ; 
Trvfr.  Vol.  OoU.  B.  p.  50  (1889). 

Ptecilonetts  erythrorhyncha,  Gum.  IbU,  1859,  p.  251  (Natal),  1861, 
p.  134,  1862,  p.  158,  1808,  p.  471  ;  Boc.  Jom.  Ac.  Se.  lAA.  1867, 
p.  329 :  fiWut  P.  Z.  S.  1869,  p.  629  (breeding) ;  Boc.  Jorn.  Ac.  &. 
Litb.  1871,  p.  277,  1872,  p.  70 ;  Anderu.  S.  Damara  Land,  p.  339 
(IHtnora  and  Great  Nuuaqua-liuid)  (1872);  Boc.  J.f.O.  1876. 
p.  294  (Rio  Coroca) ;  Gum.  ibid. ;  Ayre$,  Ibia,  1880,  p.  272 
(Transvaal);  Boc.  Om.  Any.  p.  501  (1881);  Sharpe  in  Oalei 
Malab.-land,  p.  328  (1881)  ;  id.  Layard't  B.  S.  Afr.  p.  754 
(1884) ;  Salvad.  Ann.  Mia.  Civ.  Gen.  (2)  i.  p.  244  (Shoa)  (1884), 
Ti.  p.  32  (Shoa)  (1888) ;  Shell.  Ibii,  1888,  p.  307  (Tamrani),  1894, 
pp.  28,  478  (Luke  Shirwa) ;  Satnad.  Mem.  S.  Ac.  Sc.  Tor.  (2) 
Ay.  p.  564  (Somali)  (1894). 

Nettion  erythrorhyncha,  G.  R.  Gr.  Hand-liU,  iii.  p.  84,  b.  10668 
(1871). 

Dafila  errthrorhynchn,  Gieb.  Thet.  Om.  ii.  p.  14  (1875). 

Querqueduia  pTrrhorhvncha,  Holub,  Beitr.  Om.  Sadqfr.  p.  330,  tn 
tyn.  Q.  erjt£rorhvncbai  (1882). 

Anas  (DafiU)  erythrorhyncha,  Iteknv:.  Om.  Otntralbl  1882,  p.  20; 
id.  Vog.  zool.  GUrt.  p.  64  (1882). 

AdvJl  maie.  Upper  half  of  the  head,  as  far  as  the  eyee,  dark 
brown,  sharply  defined  from  the  whitish  of  the  sides  of  the  head 
and  throat ;  neck  greyish,  mottled  with  blackish  spota  ;  back  and 
scapulars  brown,  the  feathers  edged  with  reddish  buff;  undcr- 
parts  whitish,  each  feather  with  greyish-brown  spots,  larger  on  the 
flanks,  darker  and  better  defined  on  the  under  tail-coverta  ;  wings 
slaty  grey ;  a  narrow  velvety-black  speculum  more  or  less  with  a 
green  lustre,  edged  anteriorly  by  a  reddish-fawn  band  formed  by 
the  tips  of  the  last  row  of  upper  wing-coverts  ;  a  very  broad  band 
of  the  samo  colour  on  the  apicalhalf  of  thesccondanefl;  under  wing- 
coverts  lirown-gTt'y,  the  greater  uncs  piiler  and  [nirc-r  ^e;- ;  tail  dark 


34.   ELABMOXETTA.  287 

^  c^  ad.  sk.  Lamu,  Au^.  F.  J.  Jackson,  Esq. 

[P.]. 

/.  Ad.  sk.  Mamboio  (Kirk).  Shelley  Coll. 

m,n.  (S  2  ftd.  sk.    Mapane  Pan,  Matabele,  Nov.  W.  E.  &  C.  G.  Oates, 

Esqrs.  [P.], 

^fP'  6  2  ^'  sk.     Potchefstroom,      Transvaal,  J.  II.  Gurney,  Esq. 

March,  June  (7*.  Ayres).  [P.]. 

q.  Ad.  sk.  Potchefstroom.  F.  A.  Barratt,  Esq. 

r.  Ad.  sk.  G^ahamsto^\^l  {E.  L.  Layard).  Shelley  Coll. 

s,  t.  Ad.  sk.  Madagascar.  l*urchased. 

ti.  <5  ad.  sk.  Central  Madagascar.  Shelley  ColL 

V,  w.  Pull.  St.  Zool.  Soc. 

.r.  •Ad.  st.  Zoological  Gardens.  Zool.  Soc. 

y.  Skeleton.  Zool.  Soc. 


34.  ELASMONETTA. 

Type. 

Elasmonetta,  Salvad.  MS, E.  chlorotis. 

Bill  compressed,  soft  on  the  edges  of  the  apical  part  of  the  upper 
mandible  ;  lamella)  extremely  developed  ;  wings  well  developed. 
Hatu/r',  Confined  to  New  Zealand  subregiou. 


1.  Elasmonetta  chlorotis. 

Anas  chlorotis,  G.  li.  Gr,  Voy.  Ereb,  ^-  Terr.y  Birds j  p.  15,  pi.  '20 
(1846) ;  lichnb,  Syn.  Av.y  Natatores,  t.  Ho.  f.  912  (184-)  (e.r  I.  c.)  ; 
G.  It.  Gr.  Gen.  B.,  App.  p.  28  (1849) ;  Jip.  Coinpt.  Bend,  xliii. 
p.  G49,  n.  71  (18^50) ;  (;.  B.  Gr.  Ibis,  18Gi>,  p.  241 ;  Bvh.  Beise 
Novara,  Voyelj  p.  l.*38  (1805) ;  BuUer,  ICks.  on  the  Orn.  Aeiv  Zeai. 
p.  18  (1865):  Hector,  Neiv  Zeal.  Exh.  p.  277  (Otago)  (1866); 
Fiyisch,  J.f.  O.  1867,  p.  330  ;  id.  Tr.  X.  Z.  Inst.  i.  p.  72  (18(j9)  ; 
I"  Trovers,  Trans.  N.  Z.  Inst.  i.  p.  178  (Chatham  Isl. !)  (1809)  f  ; 


Hand-list,  iii.  p.  H'2,  n.  10048(1871);  Hidt.  Ibis,  1872,  p.  250 
(Chatham  Isl. :") ;  Gieb.  Thes.  Orn.  i.  p.  347  (1872) ;  Finsch,  J.  f.  O. 
1872,  p.  180;  Buller,  Hist.  B.  N.  Zeal.  p.  248  (1873);  Finsch, 
J.f.  O.  1874,  p.  202;  Sbarpe,  Voy.  Ereb.  ^'  Terr.,  Birds,  p.  31 
(1875);  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  519;  Finsch,  Ibis,  1882,  p.  .'597; 
Bull.  Man.  B.  New  Zeal.  p.   08  (1882):  Bchnw.  Orn.    Cenfralbl. 


N.  Z.  Inst.  XXV.  1892,  p.  02  (1893). 
Nesonetta  aucklaiulica,   Hector  (nee  G.  B.   Gr.),  Xew  Zeal.  Erh. 
p.  277,  n.  50  (18('»6) :  ef.  Finsch,  J.f.  O.  1874,  p.  202. 


*  Sent  88  a  hybrid  between  P.  hahameu&is  and  Anns  .vanthorhyncha^  but  is 
iodi8tiiigui8hable  froiu  V.  erythr*>rhyncha^ 

t  I  hare  not  been  able  to  find  tlua  reference,  quoted  by  Ilutton. 


Hl/hridt. 
f  Anas  chlorotiB  ^  (?)  X  Aaaa  boscaa  $ ,  BuUer,  B.  Nevj  Zeal  2nd  ed. 
p.  269  (1883). 

Adult  male.  Head  and  upper  part  of  neck  browu,  the  cnwa 
glossy,  with  a  chestnut  tinge ;  sides  of  the  occiput  and  nape  glossed 
with  metallic  green ;  throat  more  or  lees  whitish ;  npper  parts 
brown,  the  edges  of  the  feathers  paler,  greyish  brown ;  on  the  inter- 
scapular region  the  feathers  are  finely  waved  with  black  and  mfons 
lines ;  the  outer  scapulars  black  on  the  outer  web,  waved  with 
black  and  chestnut  lines  on  the  inner  one ;  lateral  upper  tail- 
coverts  black,  glossed  with  green  on  the  outer  webs  ;  a  white  collar, 
more  or  less  distinct,  separates  in  front  the  brown  of  the  npper  from 
the  lower  part  of  the  fore  neek,  which  is  chestnut,  shading  into  pale 
reddish  on  tbe  breast  and  abdomen ;  these  parts  have  nomerons 
black  spots,  almost  round,  on  tho  lower  fore  neck,  more  transverse  on 
the  breast  and  abdomen;  flanks  waved  with  rufous  and  black  lines; 
under  tail-coverte  black,  at  the  base  of  them  on  each  side  a  white 
patch ;  wings  brown ;  speculum  black,  metallic  green  on  the  upper 
part,  bounded  anteriorly  by  a  narrow  cinnamon  band  at  the  tip  of 
the  last  row  of  the  upper  wing-coverts,  and  posteriorly  by  a  rnfes- 
cent  white  band  at  the  tip  of  the  secondaries  ;  tertiaU  edged  with 
rufescent;  under  vrirg-coverte  brown,  the  inner  ones,  with  the 
Biillaries,  white ;  lail  brown-black,  with  narrow  rufesoent  edges  to 
the  feathers :  "  irides  black  ;  bill  bluish  black  ;  the  pectination  of 
the  upper  mandible  yellowish  brown  ;  feet  dull  slaty  grey  "  {BuRer), 
Total  length  about  18  inches,  wing  8,  tail  4,  culmen  1'7,  tarsus  1-5. 
(Mia.  Bothtchild.) 

l-'iiiiah.  Held  ;uid  upper  portion  of  the  neck  brown,  the  crown 
darker,  each  feather  edged  with  rufous ;  sides  of  the  head  and 


rf,  c.f.  S  lid.  e 

i  jnv.  sk. 
y,A.  tf  iuim.  a 


Ti  Zealand, 
ft  Zealand. 


WeUinirtoii    Mue 

[E.]. 
Sir  G.  Grey  [P.], 


FoveaiixStrait»,NewZcaliuid.  Capt.  Stokefl  [P.]. 
Chnthnm  la.  Dr.  H.  0.  Forbos  [O.j. 


35.  NDSONETTA. 
i.  Or.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  627  (1JM4). . 


Range.  Confiped  to  the  Aucidancls. 


BuckWdicB 


1 .  Heeonetta  ancklandica. 

NeMDetta  ftiicklondics,  G.  S.  Gr.  Gen. 


p.  1127  (McL  flvn-). 


p).  169.  f.  4  (bond,  winp,  and  foot)  (l&M);  id.  Litt  tt.  Brit.  Mwi 
lii.  u.  191  (Mcl.  Bjn.)  (1*14) ;  id.  Vw.  Er^.  *  Twr.,  Birdi,  p,  16 
pi.  17(1846);  uf.  Cm.  J?.  Append,  p.  28(1M9);  i^FAni,  SsfH.Au., 
Nfttdtoru,  t  77.  f.  801  (tir  ^eftiu  ^  Terror)  (184- ?);  hj.  ..le. 
aywt.  Nat.  p.  ix,  t.  vii.  (1*52);  Bp.  Compt.  Bend.  xliiL  p.  661. 
0.  154  (ISM) ;  O.  R.  Gr.  Ihit,  1862,  p.  242 :  FfiueA,  J./.  O.  1870, 
p.  368 ;  O.  B.  Gr.  HoHd-liit,  iii.  p.  90,  n,  10724  (1872) ;  Sundev. 
MetA.nat.Ar.ditp.  Tent.  p.  150(1872);  Fintch.  J./.O.  1872, 
p.  188;  Butt.  rmni.  A".  Z.>n*i.  T.  p.  288(1873);  Fimck.  J./.O 
1844,  p.  203;  Girh.  Thee.  Om.  ii.  p.  700  (I87fi):  Stuirtit,  Voy. 
Era.  ^  Terr.,  Birds,  -a.  31  (1S76) ;  Buller,  Hut.  B.  Aew  Zeal. 
and  ed-  u.  p.  2«3,  pi.  ilii.  (lowertig.)  (1888)  j  id.  Tratu.  X.  Z.  In»t. 
-   ■     ■""'  ^.  8fi(1892)(voungir  '  ' 


Erumslura  (Ni 
p.  4. 


aetta)  nucUanditB,  Rohnu}.  <Pm.  Centralbl.  1882, 


jiduU  male.  Head  and  npper  portion  of  the  neck  blockiab  brown 
with  3  green  gloss,  eF^ecioll)'  on  the  nape ;  upjwr  ports  brown, 
with  a  greon  gloHs  and  with  brown-chestnat  edges  tu  the  feathers : 
lower  portion  of  hind  neck,  mantle,  and  ecapnlara  waTed  with  black 
and  mfoua-brown  lines ;  lower  pnrt  of  fore  neck  and  crop-region 
cbe§tnQt,  changing  into  whitish  on  the  breast  and  abdomen :  on 
the  crop-rc^on  and  breast  the  feathers  are  centred  with  blockish 
ronnd  spots  ;  abdomen  crossed  with  dusky  and  whitish  bars  ;  sides 
and  flanks  waved  with  blttck  and  rufous  bars ;  under  tail-coverts 
blockish,  mingled  with  brown  ;  at  the  base  of  them,  on  each  side, 
«  not  Terj-  distinct  paler  patch,  waved  with  ridbnH-grey  and  black 
bere;  wingBbrown,thefBathcrs  with  narrow  brown  edges;  second- 
aries obscnrely  glossed  witli  green,  and  tipped  witb  reddish  white, 
forming  a  narrow  apical  band ;  under  wing-coverts  brown,  hroadly 
edge-d  with  white ;  tail  blackish  brown,  almost  uniform :  "  bill 
blackish  brown  ;  tarans  aud  feet  reddish  brown  ;  iridea  dark  hoiel" 
(Bidler).  Total  length  from  17  to  18  inches,  wing  ^'5,  tail  3-8, 
cnlmen  1-ti,  tursus  l-^.     (lioflischiUl  CoB.) 

Frmdlt.  M.uch  smaller  than  the  male ;  head  brown,  with  no  green 
lustre ;  on  the  cheeks  and  throat  the  feathers  edged  with  whitish ; 
general  colour  brown,  with  a  dork  green  lustre  on  the  back  and 
wings ;  crop-region,  sides,  aud  flanks  brown-chestnut ;  on  the  flanks 

TOL-XXm.  IT 


290  axaudx. 

the  feathers  have  brows  marks  before  the  edge,  nearly  hidden; 
middle  of  the  abdomen  bufBsh,  the  tape  of  the  feathers  being  of  tliat 
ooh>ar,  while  the  bases  are  dusky;  wings  browner  than  in  the 
male ;  secondaries  aoarcoly  showing  a  green  Instre,  and  with  lesa 
eonspicuouB  reddish-white  apical  band.  Total  length  about  14 
inches,  wing  5,  culmeu  1*35.   (SothieAUd  Coll.) 

Towftg  in  down.  "  The  body  ia  covered  wifli  thick  down,  \rith 
long  central  filaments,  eepeciaUy  on  the  npper  parts.  The  general 
ooloor  ie  dark  ollTaoeouB-brown,  fading  to  pale  folTous-brown  on 
the  throat  and  fore  neck,  and  to  doll  fawn  colour  on  the  breast  and 
abdomen.  There  b  a  purer  shade  of  dark  brown  passing  through 
the  eyes  and  melting  away  behind.  The  rudimentary  wings  have 
an  outer  fringe  of  yellowish  brown ;  the  produced  filaments  on  the 
shoulders  and  mantle  are  of  the  same  pale  colour.  The  hlU  is  dark 
brown,  with  the  terminal  shield  and  feet  olivaceous-brown,  the 
webs  being  darker  ;  claws  yellowish  brown."   (£uUer.) 

This  bird  is  very  nearly  related  to  Elatmomtta  dUaroHt,  having 
the  same  markings  and  colours,  but  has  very  small  wings,  nseleas 
for  flight,  and  lamella  of  the  bill  much  less  developed. 

H^.  Auoklands. 


(I.  $  Bd.sk. 
6.  ^?  imm.  si 


Auckland. 


Auckland  Island. 


Antarctic  Exped.  (Type 

of  species.) 
Sir  G.  Orey  [P.T. 
The  Countess  of  Gallo- 

wayrP.]. 
The     Hon.     Walter 
Rflthschild  [P.]. 


aUEBQDEDULA. 


'SH.   UlTEBaiTEDCU. 


upper  part  or  tiiu  nwik  brown- vinou;?, 

Btre&led  with  white  (mnle)    circia,  p,  393. 

.  Upper  winp-coverla  bright  Bmalt-blue. 
r.  A  crescenl-liko  while  band  betweun  the  eyes 
anil  the  bill  at  the  male ;  BmaUeT,  bill  uauaUy 

less  tlum  1  •05    ditcort,  p.  299. 

d.  No  CRSCent^like  white  bimd  between  the  eyea 
ftnd  tbe  bill  of  the  male,  which  bos  the  aides 
of  the  hcnd,  neck,  breast,  and  laAes  bright 
chestnut:  InrK^r,  bill  usually  more  tliaa  l-Oo.     eyanopterti,  p.  303. 


1.  Qaerqaedula  versicolor. 
Pal*  pieode  tre»  colnres,  ATMra,  Apanl.m.  p.  450,  n.  440  {Psragiiay) 

(IS&6). 
.\iiu  versicolor,  Vteia.  N.  li.  v.  p.  100  (1816)  [ex  Aiara) ;  id.  Eac. 

Mtlh.  i.  p.  353  (1823) ;  SOieg.  Mm.  P.-B.,  Anseres.  p.  57  (1806) ; 

Sdal.  *  Sate.  Ibii.  1870.  p.  499  (Sandy  Point) ;  Gkb.  The>.  Or*. 

i.  p.  304  (1872) ;  Hariert,  Eat.  Vogfleammt.  p.  Wl  (Rio  Grande, 

S.  Americw)  (1891). 
Anas  niBCulinMtris,  Lichl.  Verz.  Doubl  p.  84  (Montevideo)  (1823) ; 

Swirfau.  P.  Z.  S.  1871, p.  136  (Ualapngosl). 
Aniu  frt'tensia,  King,  P.  Z.  S.  1830,  p.  11>  (Mneellui  StnuU). 
i:yanopI«rU8    ih'teusis,  ^yi.  Mon.  Anal.  p.  131   (1838);    Jard.  ^ 

Sflb.  III.  Om.  iv.  pi.  29  (1838);  Fra»er,  >.  Z.  S.  1844,  p.  167. 
.\aaa  mursliij,  Merrem  m  Ersch  u.  QnA.  Enc.  aect.  i.  toI.  xxxt. 

p.  4a  (1841). 
Cytuiopterus  mdculiroetris,  HarU.  Verz.  Get.  Mat.  p.  119  (1S44). 
tjuerquedula  maculirostria,  0.  R.  Gr.  Lwl  S.  Bnt.  M,u.  lii.  p.  138 

(1844)  ;  Dtt  Mun  in  Qay,  HiU.  de  Chile,  L  p.  45S  (1848) ;  Bora. 

Naumtmnia,  1363,  p.  222;  Lickt.  IfomeHct.  Av.  p.  102   (1864); 

PkiL^Landb.  Cat.  Ao.  CkU.  u.  42  (1808) ;  Bunn.  P.  Z.  S.  1872, 

p.  367 ;  id.  An.  jtfw.  jVoe.  Biien.  Air.  iii.  pp.  247,  820  (1888). 
Pterocyanea  maoulirostris,  G.  R.  Or.  Om.  B.  ill  p.  G17,  n.  3  (1846) ; 

Sehnb.  Sj/H.  Av..  Nstatores,  1 89.  1. 181  (1846) ;  Hartl.  Ind.  Aiar. 

Apmtt.  p.  28,  n.  440  (1847) ;  Bfhnb.  Syn.  Av.  t.  90.  f.  2344  (1850) 

{«X  Jard.  &  Selb.) ;  BHira,  Denk»chr.  Akad.  Wien,  t.  2,  p,  132 

(1863)  (Chili) ;  id.  J.f.  O.  1855,  p.  67 ;  Pek.  Seite  N«iwa,  rdff. 

p.  139  (Chili)  (18tNi) ;  id.  Om.  Brai.  p.  464  (1870). 
Ptcroo'&aea  Twwicolor,  Bp.  Cotnnl.  Bend.  ilui.  p.  660,  no.  91   (syn. 

emend.)  (1856). 
CjudKiuedulA  verMoolor,  Cast.  U.S.  Aitrou.  Erp,  ii.  p.  203  (Chili) 

(1656);  &^.  P.Z5. 18<!0,p.389(ridklAnds):  Abio/t,Ibi*,iml, 

p.  161  (FalkUnds) ;  Sctal.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  336  (Chili) ;  Sclat.  4 

Salv.  P.  Z.  8.  1868,  p,  146  (Buenos  Ayrea) ;  G.  S.  Or.  SoMl-liit, 

lU.  p.  B3,  n.  10659  (1871);  Sdal.  4r  Sah.  Xomencl.  Av.  ytotrop. 

p.  139  (1873)  ;  Sahin,  Tram.  Zool.  Soe.  iv.  p.  499  (1876)  j  Sdat. 

i  Bah.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  388 ;  Ditrnf.  Ibit,  1877,  pp.  41  (Chuput). 

191  (Boenoa  Avres),  1878,  p.  401  (Centr.  P»t«g.,  reaident) ;  SoUU. 

P.Z.S.  1680,  p.  622 ;  Milne-Edte.  Bech.  Fmm.  Rig.  Aiulr.  ch.  ii. 

p.  46  (1682)  J  Barroum,  Auk,  1884,  p.  274  (Entrerios) ;  Btri.J.f.  0. 

1887,  p.  1S4  (Pftraguay) ;  ScUa.  Argent.  Om.  u.  p.  131  (1889) : 

JVitr.  Cat.  Call.  J.  p.  49   (1889) ;  Oiut.  Miu.  Se.  Cap  Burn,  vi. 

Oil.  p.  207  (1891) ;  HoUond,  Ibit,  1892,  p.  207  (.\rgentinB} ;  Eirr. 

/tM,ltie0,p.358,1892,  p.l46(LoweTpilcomayo);  Btrktl.Jmnu, 


Xme  Lia  Chil.  B.  p.  9,  n.  154  (1892) ;  Aplin,  lUt,  1894,  p.  200 

Amn  ^1«rocj&nea)    maculiroatris,   Surm.   J.  f.   O.   1880,   p.  S66 

(Meodoza) ;  id.  La  JHata^JUite,  ii.  p.  GI6  (1861). 
Ptovcyonea  treteafae,  Eyl.  Syn.  Anat.  p.  85  (1668). 

Adtdt  Tnale.  Upper  half  of  the  head  blackish  brown ;  sides  of  the 
head  and  throat  whitieh  buff;  lower  part  of  the  neck  bnfflsb, 
minntely  spotted  with  black ;  mantle  and  anterior  acapulars  blach, 
the  feaUiers  edged  with  ochreons,  and  with  a  oarrow  bar  of  the 
same  colour;  lower  back,  rump, and  upper  tail-coverta  with  narrow 
white  bars,  which  are  more  numeroua  on  the  latter;  breast  bofiah, 
changing  into  white  on  the  abdomen,  each  feather  vitb  a  snbapical 
spot  and  a  bar  black ;  lower  abdomen  and  under  tail-coverts  white, 
with  black  bars,  very  narrow  on  the  vent  and  central  under  tail- 
coverts  ;  longer  feathers  of  the  flanks  with  white  and  black  bars ; 
longer  scapulars  brown,  with  a  central  bufflsh  stripe ;  upper  wing- 
coverts  greyish  brown,  the  greater  row  white  at  the  tip,  forming  a 
white  band  anteriorly  to  the  glossy  green  speculum  on  the  second- 
aries ;  the  speculum  more  or  less  changing  into  blue  towards  the 
posterior  half  and  bounded  by  a  subapical  black  band,  and  by  a 
second  white  one  at  the  tip  of  the  secondaries ;  longer  tertials  brown  ; 
primaries  brown  ;  under  wing-coverte  greyish  brown,  the  central 
ones  and  the  axiUaries  white ;  tall  brown-grey,  freckled  and  waved 
with  irregular  narrow  white  bands  :  bill  black,  with  an  orange  patch 
on  each  side  at  the  base  of  the  upper  mandible ;  "  legs  and  feet 
green,  webs  black  ;  irides  white  "  {Dumford).  Total  length  about 
16'5  inches,  wing  7-5,  tail3'4,  culmen  1'6,  tarsus  I'l, 

FemaU.  Similar,  but  smaller,  colour  duller,  and  wing-speculum 
not  so  bright  (5rfal«-). 

"        .  Speculum  grey,  with    no  mctallic-greeu  cob 


.   QUEBQCBDUtA. 


■J.  Qnerqnednia  puna. 

AI1B5  piiniL  iidW.  Mui.  Berol. ;  Ttch.  Arch./.  Notary.  18i4,  i.  p. 315, 
u.  347  (Peru);  id.  Faun.  Per.,  A,»$,  p.  309  (184.5-40);  Sum. 
Sail.  (.W,  nicr.  Srai.  iii.  p.  439  (1860)  i  Gieb.  The$.  Om.  I 
p.  300  im-2). 

ijuerquedulA  puna,  G.  R.  Or.  f!rn.  B.  p.  616,  n.  14  (lS4o):  Licht. 
ytitnmd.  Ab.  p.  lOa  (ISM) ;  J^lon,  &pu  Anid.  p.  81  (ltt09)  ; 
mu.  4r  Sail).  P.  Z.  S.  ISO),  p.  lo7  (TungMuca)  -,  iid.  Ecot.  Om. 
p,  197,  pi.  09  (1600);  iid.  Nomenel.  Av.  Ntotrop.  p.  129,  o.  10 
(1873)  i  Too.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  554  (Jirain) ;  SeUO.  ^  Salv.  P.  Z  S. 
1876,  p.  388 ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  522  (Andes  of  Peru  and 
Bolivift) ;  Tacx.  Om.  Ptf.  iii.  p.  478  (1880) ;  Sdat.  P.  Z.  8.  1886, 
p.  401  (TuBpoci) :  Phllijipi,  Omit,  iv.  p.  160  (;Vtito£Bguta)  (IdS8) : 
Trior.  Qit.  CWt  fl.  p.  49  (1889) ;  SeUU.  P.  Z.  S.  1891,  p.  136 
fTurapaca) ;  Beik-  Jamet,  New  Litt  Cha.  B.  p.  !i.  ti.  156  (Tivrnpaca) 
(1892). 

PuiuDetU  leueofreiiTS,  "  Tteh."  (errore),  Bp.  Compl.  Rend,  iliii, 
p.  949,  n.  78  (1850). 

pDnaaetta  puDA,  O.  R.  Gr.  Haad-list.  iii.  p.  84,  n.  10673(1871). 

Adalooetta  puna,  H'iae,  NmiiencL  Miu.  Htin.  Orii.  p.  346  (1890). 

Similar  to  Q.  venicolor,  but  much  larger,  with  longer  and  in  dry 
akios  unifomi  black  bill ;  the  upper  half  of  tho  head  deep  blaok  ; 
chocks  and  throat  purer  white ;  the  bars  on  tbc  flanks  much 
narrower  and  less  shaqilj  defined ;  the  lower  buck  uailorra  brown- 
grey,  with  no  whitish  narrow  bars :  "  bill  light  blue,  with  the 
rid^  black:  eyes  dark  haEel;  legs  and  toes  bluish  lead-oolour" 
(Whiuly).  Total  length  li>-5  inches,  wing  8-5,  tail  .1-8,  culmen 
1-8-2-15,  tarsna  1-3. 

Ftmalt.  Similar  to  the  male,  but  somewhat  smaller;  the  upper 
h-tlf  of  the  head  dnrk  brown  ;  tho  speculum  less  bright. 

Twng.  Has  the  speculum  grey,  without  any  metallic  green 
ooloitr. 

Uatt.  Andee  of  Peru,  liolivia,  and  Northern  Chili. 

>,  b.  Ad.  sk.            Vera  (Jftski).  Warsaw  Moseum  [E.]. 

«.  S  Kd.  sb.           Yuaoca,  Peru,  March  (if.  SalTin-Godman  Coll. 

Hiite/v). 

d.  2  ad-  *k.            Liiguna  de  TuDgasuca,  Peru,  Salvia-Godman  Coll. 

Jiily(7f.  W.]. 

«.  S  ad.  St.             lAguna  dtt  Tungasuca,  July.  H.  Whiwly,  Esq.  [0.1. 

/.  rf  »d.  it            I*giina  de  Tangui,  Peru.  H.  Whitely,  Esq.  [C.J. 

f-l.  Ad.et  imm.     I'rovincp  of  Tarapaca,  Chili,  H.  Berkeley  James,  Esq. 

»k.                            Jan.-April.  [P.). 


3.  Querqnednla  circia. 
The  Oarganev. 

(Jiierquedula,' BriM.  Om.  vi.  p.  427,  pi.  mix.  (1.  1,  2((r2)  (1760). 
(luaniuedula  Kstiva,  Britt.  op.  cit.  p,  445  ( 1 760). 
Aiuu  quBMOcdula,  Linn.  S.  X.  i.  p.  20:l.  n.  32  (1706)  ;  Gm.  S.  N. 

i.   p.  531.  n.  32  (1788) ;  LalL  IniL  Om.  n.  p,  872.  n.  99  (1790) ; 

Aom.  fw.  Mith.i.^  163. pi. 30.  f.l  (1791);  Lath,  Tr.Liiin.  Soc. 

iv,  p.  lOe,  t»h.  »iii.  H.  2,  3  (trachea)  (1798) ;  Pall  Zoogr.  Rouo- 


Ag.  ii.  p.  264  (1811) ;   Tmm.  Man.  p.  546  (1815) ;   J'iall.  N.  D. 

T.  p.  \m  (leim  ;  Hum.  Diet.  Sc.  Nat.  vi.  p.  389  (1817) ;  Tenon, 

JUan.  and  ed.  li.  p.  844   (1820) :  Bote.  Itit,  18i'2,  p.  504  ;  Hekt. 

Vert.  Doubt,  p.  84  (1823) ;  Savi,  Om.  Tote  iii.  p.  161  (1831)  ;  K.E. 

Ahbott,  P.  Z.  S.  1834,  p.  134   (Trebizond) ;   Tevtm.  Man.  2nd  ed. 

iv.  p.  539  (1840)  ;  K.  *  B.  Wirbettk.  Eur.  pp.  Iwiiv,  22fl  (l&iO) ; 

Naum.  Viig.  Deidacht.  xi.  p.  677,  Taf.  303  (I»12) ;  Schleg.  Bet.  CrU. 

p.  ciiv  (1844);  Midd.  Sibir.  Beit.  n.  p.  230  (1653);    WalUitgr. 

Nmmannia,   1864,  p.  272  (ScRndiQavift) ;  BoUe,  J.  f.   0.   1855, 

p.  365  (Spain) ;  Blyfh,  Ibi$,  1869,  p.  464  (Lower  Bengal) :  Fiiuch, 

J.  f.  O.    1859,   p.   387   {Bulgaria)  ;    Fo«y»,   Ibit,  1860,  p.   S53 

(Ionian  Ifll*.);  Sunp$.  ibid.  pp.  34\,  3&4,  (Qteece)  ;  SwinA.P.Z.S. 

1863,  p.  324  (China) ;  Nordm.  J.  /.  O.   18U4,  p.  377   (Kuopo)  ; 

Drotte,  ibid.  p.  428  (Borkum) ;  ScAleff.  Mia.  P.-B.,  Anseres,  p.  49 

(Philippinea)  (1866);  Przeio.   Voy.  n.  202  (1867)  ;  Uyh.  *  Parr. 

J.f.  O.  l8C8, p. 338  (Dauris) ;  Pn:ev>.  Pvtetch.  Uimr.  n.  202  (1870); 

Satmd.  Ibii,  1871,  p.  390  (Soutbern  Spain) ;  Gieb.  Tkft.  Om.  i, 

p.  360  (1872)  ;  Tayl.  Ibit,  1872,  p.  233  (Crimea)  ;  Serertz.   Turk. 

Jevotn.  p. 70  (1873)  ;  Jiotenb.  Matt,  naiir  Geelmnkb.  p. 0  (Tematel) 

(1876) ;  Blyth,  B.  of  Burma,  p.  166  (Arakan,  Tenaaserim)  (1875) ; 

Salaad.  Om.  Pap.  e  Mot.  iii.  p.  400  (Ti:nuite  ?)   (1882)  ;  Bchnw. 

J.f.  0. 1892,  p.  82 ;  Harlert,  Kat.  Vogeleammi.  p.  231  (Abvaainia) 

(1891). 
Anaa  drcia,  Limt.  8.  If.  i.  p.  204,  n.  34  (1760) ;  Gin.  S.  N.  i,  2,  p.  633, 

11.34(1788);  Bonn.  Enc.  Mith.  i.  j.  155(1791);   VieiU.N.D.y. 

p.  166  (1810) ;  Dum.  Diet.  Sc.  Nat.  \i.  p.  502  (1817) ;  Leu.  Tr. 

SOm.  p.  634  (1831) ;  Legge,  B.  of  Ceyl.  p.  1080  (1880) ;  SeuUy, 

i6i»,  1881,  p.  593 ;   Trittr.I^n.!^  Flor.  of  Pa/eit. -p.  ]  16  (1884); 

8eeb.  Hitt.  Brit.  B.  iii.  p.  551,  pi.  66  (egg)  (1885) ,-  LUford,  CbL 

Fig.  BHt.  B.  pt.  liii.  pi.  —  (ISBO). 
Garganey,  Pom.  Brit.  Zool.  ii.  p.  604,  n.  289,  t.  101  (1776) ;  Lath. 

^.  in.  2,  p.  560,  n.  87  (17fti). 
Mestolone  femmina  (errore),  Gerini,  Star,  deyli  L'cc.  \.  t  573  ( cJ ) 

(1776). 
Aaatrn 


36.  QUERQtfBsDLA.  2U5 

B.  Ear.  vi.  p.  513,  pi.  420  (pt.  S,  1871) ;  Tritlr.  IbU,  1872,  p.  2IKS 
(PjJeetine) ;  /fo/rfiiP.  P.  Z.  S.  1873.  p.  47U  (CeyloD) !  Wabl.  Tr. 
Z.  S. Tiii.  p.  103  (Celebw)  (1872) ;  Shell.  B.  afEmpt, p. 287  (1872); 
HtuglOra.  fl'.O.-^/r.  ii.  3,  p.  1320  (1873)  i  Hmne.NuU  ^  ^ga. 
p.  tM4  (1873) ;  Dyb.  J.f.  0. 1874,  p.  337 ;  BatMii.  Cat.  Uce.  Bom. 
p. 361  (Borne,!?)  (1874) :  JlB™-,«r, fi«tt.  iii.  u.  193 (Pegu)  1 1876) ; 
nrtu.  Ibie,  1876, 0.419;  Seulfy, Sir.  liath. iv, p.  201  (E. TuTkesUn] 
(1676) ;  flW.  Entt.  Ar».  ii,  p,  301  (1876);  David  ^  Ou*l.  Oi*. 
Chme.  p.  SS  (1377);  J'oei:  m  Howl.  Om.  Mite.  iii.  p.  103 
(Moagofui)  (1878);  Blak.&  Prytr,  Ibii.  1878,  p.  214;  Hume  ^ 
Danis.  Sir.  Faath.  vi.  p.  489  (Tenaaaerim)  (1878);  CVi>i^.  Sir. 
Feath.  vii.  p.  312  fE.  BdOfrftl)  (1878);  Hume,  Sir.  Featk.  viii. 
p.  llfi,  n.  966  (1879) ;  Sculli/,  ibid.  n.  363  (Nepal) ;  ^VtucA,  Verh. 
*A.  GfB.  WieH,  1879.  p.  2to  (W.  Siberia):  r.rnrtf,  B«B.  Com. 
Agr.rt Indmtr.  1. 1  (1878), p.  161  (1879);  Hvmt^Marah.  Omnf 


Jap.y\±  p.  185(1880),x.  p.  96  (1882);  itufeT, /Ut,  1881,  p.  100; 
a  Sainh.  tbii,  1862,  p.  12S;  Oalf.  Sir.  F«tth.  x.  p.  245  (Pogu  i 
(1882) ;  Salt.  Cat.  B.  Strickl.  OM.  p.  USa  (1882) ;  Sevtrt:.  llif, 
1883.  p.  76  (Pamir  range);  Nii-hol».  /*m,  1^^83,  p.  86  (Borneo); 
B.  O.  U.  Lilt  Brit.  S.  p,  126  (188;J)  j  Sclat.  List  Vert.  An.  rth  «l, 
p.  434  (1883) ;  Oates,  D.  Brit.  Burm.  ii.  p.  286  (1883)  ;  Btakiat. 
Ammd.  List  B.  Jap.  p.  34  (1881)  ;  Srfb.  Ibis,  18*1,  p.  17-5; 
Sbyn.  A'aturm,  1884,  p.  9;  Seiivid.  Ann.  Mm.  Cin.  G«t.  (31  i. 
p.  247  (ShtMi)  (1884) ;  Vorderm.  N.  T.  N.  L  xliv.  p.  263  (Jbvb) 
(1884);  Madar.  Zeitsekr.  d.  gtn.  Om.  i.  p.  37  (l!<84):  Sound. 
Yarreir*  HUt.  Brit.  B.  iv.  p.  393  (1884-86) ;  BaehH,  Lf  Nat«^U. 
1886,  p.  ■% :  Men^.  Ibis,  1886,  p.  3o8 ;  Skaiw,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  403 

SO);  Blai.  Ztittehr.  d.  get.  Ottu  iii   p,  I<1   (Cekbea)   (1886); 
wd.  El.  Uce.  Ital._p.  261  (1886);   Vorderm.  N.  T.  N.  L  xlvi. 

p.  240  (1886) ;  Tmt,  Ibis.  1887,  p.  3T3  (Portiigid) ;  Salrad.  Ann. 

Mut.  av.  Gen.  (2)  «.  p.  321  (Shos)  (1888)  ;  Salvad.  *  Oiffi.  Mrm. 

R.  Ac.  Sc.  Tor.  (2)  urii.  p.  137  ( Chinu)  (1888) ;  EeerM,  Jnurn. 

8tr.  Br.  B.  As.  Soe.  1880,  p.  IS2  (Bornoo) ;  Trittr.  Oil.  Coll.  B. 

f.  40  (1880) ;  Saunders,  Man.  Brit.  B.  p.  433  (1889) ;    Vorderm. 

N.  T.  A". /.xlix.  p.  419(1B80);  Hutw.  Nesti  Sf  Eggi  {Oalri  td.\ 

iii.  p.  201  (1890);  St.f*re,  List  thiUpp.  B.  *  Af.  p.  27  lUiou) 

(1890);  £i>an>.  Ibis.  1892,  p.  73  (incubation);  Sharpe,  Src.  lark. 

Miss.,  Ave*,  p.  131  (1801) ;  he  la  Ti-uehe,  Ibis,  1892,  p.  492  (Cliiiia) ; 

Hubou.  fhun.  fert.  Belg.,  Oi,.  ii.  p,  448,  pi.  257  (1802) ;  Bnme*. 

Ibis,  1803,  p.  174  (Aden) :  Sti/an,  Md.  p.  436  (Ilainiui) ;  Salvad. 

Mem.  S.  Ae.  Sc.  Tor.  (2)  xUv.  p.  564  (Somali)  (18041. 
QnerquiHluU  gUucoptenu,  Brtkm,   Isis,   1630,  p.  997  ;   id.   VSgel 

AraracW.  p.  882(1831). 
Querquodiila  9CHpiilari»,  Brehm,  Isis,  1830,  p.  907 ;  ii.  Viigel  DeutscU. 

p.  &i3  (1831). 
Boacbu  circift,  Sw.  Oau.  II.  ii.  p.  307  (1837)  ;  Jerd.  Madr.  Joum. 

xii.  p.  220,  n.  383  (1840). 
(^nnopUrus  circin,  Eut.  Mim.  Anat.  p.  180,  pi.  iL  T.  3  (tracliea) 

(1838) ;  a.  &.  Or.  Cat.  Hodq*.  Cott.  B.  M.  p.  14«  (1846). 
PiwocvMiPK  circia,  Bp.  Iron.  Faun.  Ital.,  Vee.  Introd.  p.  17  (1841) ; 

id.  Oat.  Mft.  Ucc.  Eur.  p.  71  (1812) :  O.  B-  Or.  Gen.  B.  iii,  p.  617, 

n.l  (1846|;  R^knb.Ssn.  ,1r..  NaUlor«8,  t.80.  (T  iaV189  (1845): 

U.  Av.  Sf/st.  Hat.  p.  ti  (1853) ;  Bolle.  J.f.  O.  1865,  p.  314  (Albii- 

1m)  i  Sah.  Ibis,  1860.  p.  363  {£.  .\llits) ;  Hartm.  J.f.  0.  1863, 

p.  309  (SouUi  Of  Dongola) ;  More.  Ibis,  1866,  p.  443  (Great  Brit.) ; 


E^.  Sj/n.  ATuit.  p.  84  (1869) ;  T<kx.  J./.  O.  1870,  p.  5B  (Con- 

Btentisa). 
Anaa  (Queiquedula)  hiimeralia,  S.  Miill.  Verh.  Land^  en  Vcikatk, 

p.  169  (Javii)  (1839-44). 
Querqueduk  vulgarie,  Hodgt.  in  Grai/t  Zool.  Mite.  p.  86,  a.  767 

(1844). 
CjADoptenis  querquedula,  HartL  Verz.  Get.  Mu».  p.  119  (1844) ; 

Hewjl.  Sytt.  UeOeri.  a.  692  (1855) ;  Suadre.  Meth.  nat,  Ae.  ditp. 

Tent.  p.  147  (1872):  v.  Koch,  J.  f.  0.  1872,  p.  139;  Abt.  ^  H.- 

Brotcm,  Ibis,  187S,  p.  71, 
QuerquedoU  humeraUs,  G.  R.  Gr.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  616,  n.  13  (1845) ; 

Bp.  Compt.  Rend,  iliii.  p.  610,  n.  98  (1866). 
Pterocvanea  querquedula,  Licht.  Nomencl.  Av.  p.  103  (1364) ;  Sv. 

Oompt.  Bfnd.  ihii.  p.  660,11.93  (1856) ;  Dyb.  J.f.  0. 1873,  p.  110; 

Taa.  Bull  Sov.  Zool.  i^.  ii.  p.  46  (1877);  id.  Om.  Faun.  Vott. 

Sibir.  p.  70  (1877) ;  HaiffL   Faun.  Both.  Meer.   n.  286  (1881)  ; 

Tacs.  BuU.  Sac.  Zool.  Fr.  viii.  p.  343  (1883) ;  Vyb.  4"  Tac:.  op.  eit. 

ix.  p.  147  (Bering  I)  (1884). 
Pterocynnea  glaucopferos,  Brekm,  Vogelf.  p.  674  (1855) ;  id.  Nau- 

mmmia,  1855,  p.  20?,. 
Fterocyanen  wnpularis,  £reAm,  r'«Mtf'.p.374(1856) :  id.  Naumannia, 

1866,  p.  298. 
Anas  fflaucoptera,  C.  F.  Dub.  PL  CoL  Oi*.  Beig.  iii.  p.  274  (1860). 
Asm  (Gyanoptarus)  querquedulai,  Badde,  Beit.  S.  O.-Sib.  iii.  p.  370 

(1863). 
Qneiquedula  numemlis  (errore),  Jerd.  B.  o/'  I'od.  iii.  p.  808  (1864). 
Queiquedula  querauedula,  Baird,  Am.  Joum.  of  Sc.   ^  Artt,  xlL 

p.  339  (1866)  ;  id.  IbU,  1867,  p.  283;  Sgn.  5utf.  U.S.  Nat.  Afiw. 

no.  29,  p.  156  (Eamtclifttka)  (1685) ;  id.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mut.  x. 

p.  136  (note)  (1887). 
Anas  ptarocyanea,  Goeldlin,  J.  f.  0. 1879,  p.  382  (Schaffhauwn). 
Anas  (Querquadula)  circia,  BcAnic.  Om.  CentralbL  1882,  p.  20;  tif. 

Vdg.  tool.  Girt.  p.  66  (1882). 
Cyanoptema  querquedulua  (I),  Badde,  Omit  Cauc.  p.  467  (1884). 


■iS.   ttlTERQCBDCLl. 


2W 


Female.  General  colour  of  the  upper  parts  dark  brown,  each 
feather  with  a  pale  margin ;  broad  euperciliar)'  stripe  wLitiah ;  u 
donky  band  behind  tbc  eyea ;  sides  of  the  bead  and  neck  -wbitiBh, 
etreaked  with  black  ;  chin  and  throat  white ;  feathers  of  the  lower 
fure  neck  blackish,  tvith  vrhitish  edges  ;  breast  and  abdomen  white; 
aides,  vent,  and  under  tail-corerts  white,  with  brown-black  spota; 
wings  greyish  brown ;  a  dull  metallie-green  speculum,  bounded 
anteriorly  nnd  posteriorly  by  two  white  bands ;  under  wing-coverts 
brown,  margined  with  whitt',  the  greater  ones  pure  grey,  the  central 
onee,  like  the  axillaries,  white.    Size  smaller  than  that  of  the  male. 

Younff  in  first  plumage  resemble  the  females,  but  are  darker  and 
more  snflused  with  rufoiis  on  the  fareust. 

Adult  mate*  in  moulting  ftluinaif.  closely  resemble  adult  females, 
but  are  darker  in  colour,  and  may  be  distinguished  by  the  brighter 
alar  speculum  (Hethohm). 

Doamy  tuttling  resembles  that  of  the  Mallard,  but  it  is  smaller, 
and  has  a  broad  unbroken  buff  streak  above  the  eye,  and  a  well- 
defined  dark  streak  through  the  eye  {Yarrell). 

liab.  Pa]»arctio  Region,  wintering  in  Northern  Africa  as  far  south 
as  i^oa  and  Somali-land,  in  Palestine,  India  with  Ceylon,  in  Burmah, 
China,  Japan,  Philippines,  Borneo,  Java,  Celebes,  Ternate,  and  Ccram. 


o,  fi.  (J  2  ad.  sk. 

Enpland,  March. 

Snlvin-Godnian  Coll. 

c  rf  ad^st 

Norfolk,  feb. 

d.  s  ad.  «k. 

Rockland.  Norfolk,  Sept. 

Seebohm  Coll. 

«.  ,;  ad.  ak. 

Norwich,  March. 

U.  J.    ElwBs.    Eaq. 
Tieeidate  C4L 

/.  e  »A.  sk. 

SuiTolk. 

g.  S  ad.  sk. 
A,  <.  cT  $  ad.  sk. 

Montagu  Coll. 

8)iorel>am,  Kent,  March. 

Seebohm  CoU. 

*-«.  cj  "d.  sk. 

ask*""' 

SheUej  (;oll. 

o,p.  rf2  «d.sk. 

Kenneth  Loftua,  Esq. 

W.    D.    Oumming, 

Esq.  [P.]. 
St-OsorgeLittledftlB, 

Esq.  ["p.]. 

y.  r.  (J  2  ad.  sk. 

Fao,  I'erufui  Oulf, 

«-c.  d  2  «!■  «k. 

Oowk,  May. 

«.  rfid.dt. 

Poniir. 

Colonel' J.  Biddulph 

[P.l. 
Dr.    R.    Dowdier 

T,y.  rf2ad.ek. 

Yurkand. 

a.  <f  ad.  sk. 

Kandahar,  March. 

Sharpe  [I'.]. 
Lt.-CoI.    Bwinhoe 

Colonel  J.  Biddulph 

India  Museum  [P.]. 

o*.  2  '>d-  sk. 

GUgit,  Sept. 

b:  2  nd.  sk. 

Leh,  Sept.  {F.  StoUtska). 

r'.J-.  cr2imm.sL 

India. 

PurchasL-d. 

f.  (f  imm.  ik. 

Seebohm  ColL 

y,  2  sd.sk. 

Karachi,  Dec.  (£,  A.  Butler). 

Hume  Coll. 

$■,  h'.  cT  ad,  sk. 

Sumbbiir.  March.  April  (B. 
M.  Adam). 

Hume  Coll. 

t-f'.  d  2  ad.  sk. 

GunraoB,  Delhi,  April,  May 

( w.  N.  aiU). 

IluOle  Coa 

/,/■.  tf  od.Miinm. 

Hume  Coll. 

■k. 

March,  Dec. 

w'.  ,?  jav.  «t 

Baipur,  C.  Provinces. 

Hume  Coll. 

I.',  «^.  J  imm.  sk. 

EtawBh. 

Hume  ColL 

a'.y',!'.  g  «d.Bk. 

Futteh7ui'h,Much,Mav(..4. 

Aixhrtim). 
Kheree  Di8t.,  Feb.  (A.  A.). 

Seebohm  ColL 

«".  (J  imm.  Hk. 

Seebohm  CnIL 

b'W.  tf  ad.  8k. 

Allahabad,  Mnrch  (A.  0.  H.). 

Hume  Coll, 

/".  5  ad.  8k. 

Oudh,  Jan. 

Hume  Coll. 

y",A",i".  rfjad. 

Oudb. 

Rnwill  FP.l. 

Bk. 

r.  9  ad.  8k. 

HillBN.of  Muasorie. 

Hume  Colt 

r-r".  cf  $  Bd.  et 

Nepal. 

B.  H.  Hodgson,  E«q. 

JUY.  Bk. 

^'.  (",  .<".  ■?  2 

Nepal  {Hodg^). 

India'MiiBeum  [P.]. 

imm.etjur.8k. 

r".  (J  iuv.  Bk. 

DaTJeelinii. 

Natj^-e  Sikhim,  March,  Oct. 

India  Mu»eum  [P.! 

w"-o».  (J  2  ad.  et 

Hume  ColL 

cJJuv.Bk. 

(Z.  Mor^elU). 

i'.  2  ad.  ak. 

Assam  {McClrSand). 

India  Muaeum  [P.]. 

c'.  {J  ad.  8k. 

Manipur  (A.  0.  H.). 

Hume  Coll. 

.P,  e'.  2  ad.  Bk.  et 

Calcutta,Feb.  (^.  0. /r.). 

Hume  Coll. 

/•,  g',  A'.  cT  ad.  et 

imm.  Bk. 
i'.  cJ  ad.  Bk. 

HexxAD.  {^kts). 

India  Museum  [P.]. 

Madms. 

Tweeddale  CoU. 

A-*-n'.  P2ad.ek. 

Tonfrhoo,  Oct.,  Dec.  (fi.  G. 
W.  S.). 

«'.  2  ad.  Bk. 

Pesfu,  Sept. 

E.  W.  Gates,    liq. 

[C.T                ^ 

E.  W.  0at€8,  Eaq. 

nine  Coll. 

p'.j'.r'.  ,i8d.  et 

2  imm.  ek. 
•W.  £  ad.  et  <J 

Lower  Pegu,  March,  Oct. 

ECadaikeglay,  near  Thatone, 
Dec.  (W.  Davison). 

i«v.  sk. 
»^  x>.  <J  ad.  Bk. 

Cochin  China. 

M.  St  Ketra  [P.]. 

y*.  d  ad.  8k. 

Lob-nor,  March  (ft-jVnaW^l. 

Seebohm  ColL 

:\  ^  mi.  A. 

China. 

J.  \^'ebb.  Esq.  [P.]. 

■i.  Qaerquedola  discora. 


Querquedulft  aineriraim  vimtmrta,  Catctb.  Carol,  i.  p.  100.  t.  100  ( J ) 

QueniuediilA  ftmeriofuia  fiuca,  Calab.  Carol,  i.  p.  99,  t  99  ( 2 ) 
{1T54). 

Querqueduln  omericanA,  Brisi.  Orn.  vi.  p.  463  (1700). 

Querqui^ula  virginiiuiit,  Biits,  Orn.  vi.  p.  49J3  (17Q0). 

Adm  discors,  Htm.  S.  N.  i,  p.  206,  n.  37  11766}  (<:.r  CataAy)  ;  ^>. 
5.  N.  i.  2,  p.  636,  n.  37  (I7S3) ;  Lath.  Ind.  Orn.  ji.  p.  854,  n.  m 
<17001;  flonn.  Enc  Afi*rt.i.p.  lM,pl.41.f.a(5)(l7»l);  IFi/«. 
-^nt.  Orn.  viii.  p.  74,  pi.  08.  f.  4  (1814) ;  rigill.  X.  D.  i.  p.  17S 
(ISW);  i)«m,  Sicf.  &■-  Nat.  vi.  p.  3»9  (1817);  Bp.  Obs.  WOi. 
n.362  (1835);  id.  Sm.  p.  386  (1*88);  lMM.pTas-Verz.miXK. 
F&f.  p.  3  (1830) ;  H'a^.  Int,  1831,  p,  633  (Mexico)  ;  Leu.  Tt: 
efOm.  p.  634  (CkvenDe !]  (1831);  Aud.  Orn.  Biogr.  iv.  p,  111, 
ri.  31S  (1838);  irf.  ^.  u.  282  (1839);  i>-Ori.  in  La  Sagra't 
Hitt.  Nat.  Cuba,  Ou.  p.  294  (1840);  Aiid.  B.  Am.  vi.  p.  287, 
pi.  883  (1843);  Giraud,  B.  Li.«.j  1,1.  p.  316  (1844) ;  IkKay,  N. 
F.  Zoot  li.  p.  339  {1&44):  LuAt.J./.  O.  1803,  p.  69  (Mexico); 
SeAleo.Mu».P.-B.,.\naoiw,v.50(\mi);  Sundev.  (E/p.  K.  Vet.- 
Ak.  Farh.  I8«9,  p.  691  (St  BHrtholomev),  p.  6U3  (Parto  Rico) ; 
Trippe.  Pr.  Em.  In»t.  vi,  p.  119  (Minnesota)  (1871);  Qkb.  Tka. 
O™.  i.  p.  3S0  (1872);  Seth.  Hut.  Brit.  B.  lii.  p.   661   (1886); 

A.  O.  U.  Chtek-aa  N.  Am.  B.  p.  116,  n.  140  (1866);  Turmn-, 
C-Mtr.  N.  H.  of  AUaka,  p.  133  (1886) ;  Nd*m,  Nat.  Hut.  GtU.  m 
Alatka,  p.  69  (1887);  Bta^.  .V<w.  N.  Am.  B.  p.  93  (1887): 
Wiagr,  Orn«,  1888,  p.  412  (Sahy,  Denmari)  ;  Uarlfrt,  Kat. 
VngrUamml.  p.  231  jlf'91);  UaUh,  B.  of  JUintin.  p.  46  (1802): 
Chajm.  Bidl.  Amrr.  Mat.  X.  If.  1894,  p.  83  (Triaidnd). 

Suci^lle  da  Cayeoae,  ilitte  la  Soucrourou,  D'AiU/aU.  PI.  EnL  90(! 
(cf),  403(2)- 

Sarcelle  Soucrourou,  Buff.  Hitt.  Nat.  Oit.  ix.  p.  279  ( (J )  (1783). 

Snrcelle  Soucrourette,  fii#  o;).p»i.  p.  280  (J  )  (1783). 

Whit.-toced  Duck,  Lath.  ^pt.  iU.  2,  p.  602,  o.  50  (1786). 

Qiieraucdula  discow,  Strph.  Gen.  Zoot.  lii.  2,  p.  140  (1824)  j  Bute, 
/««,  1828,  p.  329;  G.  Ji.  Gr.  Zi*( /?.  Br*. -Wuii.iii.  p.  138(1844); 
&dat.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  206  (Julapn) ;  SallS,  P.Z.S.  1857,  p.  237 
(8.  Dorainw) :  J?ai>5,  B.  N.  Am-  p.  779  (1868):  id.  Mii.  B. 
*«»-p.  p.  20(1869);  id.  Cat.  N.  Am.  B.  n.  591  (1869);  Bryant, 
Ft.  Batt.  Hoc  N.  H.  vii.  p,  122  (Bahamael  (1859) ;  Seiat.  P.  Z.  S. 
1869,  p.  393  (Ouxom) ;  Sclat.  ^  Salo.  Ibi;  1869,  p.  231  (Quate- 
mal*) ;  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  204  (OrixnU) ;  Coop.  ^  Sutkl.  N. 

B.  Wath,  Ttrr.  p.  254  (1*»)  ;  Srlat.  P.  Z.  S.  1961,  p.  83 
(JuDsica);  Ulakiit.  Pit,,  1862,  p.  9  (Bnt  N.  Amer.) ;  Rom, 
Canad.  Nat.,  April  18(12;  J'rn:  Pr.  En.  In,/,  lii.  p.  153  (1802)  j 
Haud.  Rep.  1862.  p.  176;  Blakiri.  Ibis,  1803, p.  146;  Mareh,  Pr. 
Ac.  Philad.  I««.  p.  71  (Juintticn)  ;  Law-r.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  viii. 
p.  101  (Sombrero)  ( 18M),  p.  207  (1806) ;  Saiv.  Hie,  1806,  p.  193 
(OuftUmalB);  Dremtr,  IbU,  1866,  p.43(Ti>xW),bie«Kting) ;  Oundl. 
Stp.  Fi».rNat.  Cuba,  i.  p.  389  (li^);  Dtgt.  ^  Oerht,  Orn.  Eur. 
n.  p.  QSO  (1867) ;  Coiu,,  Pr.  Ea.  In*t.  v.  p.  299  (1868) ;  Selat. 
^  Balv.  P.  Z.  S.  lUm,  y.  262  (Vdlencift,  VeuezueU)  ;  Lawr. 
Ann.  Lj/c.  N.  K  ix.  p.  143  (C<»ia  Rica)  (1868) ;  Datl  ^  Bonn. 
Tr.  C*tc.  Arad.  i.  p.  297  (,yiisk«.  br«e(lin|f)  (1869)  i  Puts.  On. 
Brat.  p.  460  (Bmiiil !)  (1870) ;  Hair.  P.  Z  S.  1870,  p.  219  (Vem- 
inw);  O.  R.Gr.Jiand-litt.w.p.na,a.  10669(1871);  ./ittnt,  Bu^i. 
Mtu.  Omp.  ZooL  iu.  p.  163  (Kanew)  (1873) ;  Aikm,  Pr.  Boit. 


Soc.  XV.  p.  210  (Colorado)  (1872) ;  Tr^^,  ibid.  p.  341  (Iowa) 
(1872) ;  Gme»,  J&y,  p.  287  (1872) ;  id.  Check-liit,  n.  496  (1873) ; 
SnoiB,  B.  Kansal,  p.  it  (1873) ;  Sclat.SfStdv.  Nommd.  At.  Neotrop. 
p.  129  (1873);  (Met,  Sink  N.-Wett,  p.  566  (1874);  Law. 
Mem.  Bait.  Soc.  If.  H.  ii.  p.  3U  (Mexico)  (1874)  ;  GundL  J.f.  O. 
1874,  p.  314  (Porto  Rico),  1875,  p.  380  (Cuba) ;  Sclat.  ^  &Uv. 
P.  Z.  S.  187C,  p.  383 ;  Gundl.  An.  Soc.  E$p.  Hat.  Nat.  vii.  p.  404 
(Porto  Rico)  (1878) ;  Sclat.  li'  Sah.  F.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  543  (Medal- 
lin)  ;  G>ry,  B.  Bahama  I.  p,  186  (1880)  ;  Salat.  P.Z.  S.  1880, 
p.  621 ;  AidffVi.  Norn.  N.  Am.  B.  n.  609  (J881) ;  A.  ^  E.  A'«rt. 
Handb.  Jam.  p.  113  (1881) ;  Salv.  Cat.  B.  Strickl.  CW/.  p.  636 
(1882) ;  CbuM,  Check-titt,  2nd  ed.  n.  710  (1882) ;  B.  O.  U.  Litt 
Brit.  B.  p.  126  (1883) ;  Coue»,  Key  N.  Am.  B.  2Dd  ed.  p.  896 
(1884);  k,  B.,  *  R.,  Uater-B.  N.  Am.  i.  p.  531  (1884); 
Sound.  Yarreirt  Hist.  Brit.  B.  it.  p.  392  (1884) ;  Mattch.  ^ 
Ziemer,  J.f.  O.  1885,  p.  191 ;  Cbru,  B.  Haiti  and  San  Domingo, 
p.  168  (1885) ;  id.  Litt  Birdi  W.  I.  p.  31  (1885) ;  WtiU,  LiU  B. 
Grenada,  p.  10  (1886);  Ernst,  Bev.  Cient.  Univ.  Cmtr.  Vena.  i. 
p,  43  (Venezuela)  (1887) ;  Cory.  Auk,  1888,  p.  03 ;  id.  B.  W.  Ind. 
p.  204  (1889);  Sah.  Ibis,  1889,  p.  377  (Commel);  Rild.  tbid. 
p.  500  (BarbadoB) ;   Tristr.  Cat.  Cult.  B.  p.  49  (1889). 

Anns  (BoBchas)  discors,  Stn.  ^  Rich.  Faun.  Bor.-Am.  ii.  p.  444 
(1831);  NuU.  Man.  ii.  p.  307  (1834). 

Boschas  discors,  Ste.  Clou.  B.  ii.  p.  307  (1837) ;  Denny,  P.  Z.  8. 
1847,  p.  40. 

CjunopteniB  discora,  R/t.  Mon.  Anat.  p.  131  (1838) ;  Bp.  Comp.  Litt, 
p.r>7(]838);  G<ww,2J.Jiim.  p.  401(1847);  Cab-i^Gundl.  J.f.  0. 
Ift-i?,  p.  228;  Sdat.P.Z.S.\mi,-o.eA  (Ecuador);  Taylor,  Ibit, 
1860,  p.  315  (Tigrfi  Island) ;  Blot.  B.  Eur.  p,  21  (France)  (18^) ; 
Gimdl.  J.f.  0. 1871,  p.  289. 

Pterocyanea  discow,  G.  R.  Gr.  Gen.  B.  iii.  u.  617,  n.  3  (1846) ; 
Rchnb.  Syn.  Av.,  Natatores,  t.  88.  ff.  176-177  (1845)  ;  Bp.  Compt. 
Bend.  xlii.  p.  664  (Nicaragua)  (1853) ;  Woodh.  Sityr.  R^tp.  p.  103 
(lisW);  LiiJil.  yoiimicl.  Av.  y.  102  (1854);  lip.  Compt.  Rend. 


36.  itiTEnau£i>DLA.  301 

Adult  male.  Hciid  and  upper  part  of  the  neck  dull  plumbeous, 
slightly  glossed  with  grci'ii  on  the  occiput  and  nape,  aud  marked  iu 
front  of  the  eyes  by  a  large  crest'entic  band  of  white,  extending 
from  the  sides  of  the  forehead  to  the  sides  of  the  throat ;  pilenm  and 
chin  blnckiah ;  back  and  anlerior  scapulars  dusky,  marked  with 
U-aha[ied  bars  of  piile  reddisli  buff;  rump  anil  upper  tail-coTerta 
blackiKh,  with  lighter  edges :  lower  parts  pale  reddish,  thickly  spotted 
with  block  ;  nndcr  tail-covcrts  black;  a  whito  patch  at  the  base  of 
the  t&il  on  each  side  ;  longer  ttcapolars  black,  with  n  central  atri[ie 
of  buff;  lesser  wing-coverts  and  out«r  webs  of  sonie  of  the  out^r 
scapulars  pale  blue  ;  greater  conerts  white,  forming  u  bar  anteriorly 
to  the  wing-spcculnm  on  the  secondaries,  which  is  glossy  green  ;  the 
tips  of  the  secondaries  bluish  black :  prima.ries  and  tail-feathers 
blackish  iirown  ;  under  wing-oovert^  dusky  bluish,  the  central  ones 
«nd  niillaries  whitu :  bill  uniform  black  ;  iris  brown  ;  feet  yellowish. 
Total  length  about  l(i  inches,  wing  7'5,  tail  3-25,  culmen  1-75, 
tarsus  1'2. 

F*iiiiiU.  Upper  parts  dusky,  the  feathers  bordered  with  whitish 
buff;  pilcnm  blackish:  sides  of  the  head  and  upper  neck  dull 
whitish,  miautoly  streaked  with  blackish,  the  streaks  more  dense 
before  and  behind  the  eye,  forming  an  indistinct  dusky  stripe  ;  the 
throat  almost  iniinneulate  ;  feathers  of  the  underparta  dusky,  with 
brood  whilish  edges  and  irregular  bare,  the  bars  more  of  a  V-shape 
on  the  flanks ;  no  light  stripes  along  the  centre  of  the  longer 
fcapulars ;  wings  as  in  the  male,  but  the  green  speculum  much 
duller,  and  the  white  band  formed  by  the  tip  of  the  last  row  of 
npper  wing-oo verts  narrower. 

Maltt  moulting,  simitar  to  the  females,  but  the  wings  of  a  brighter 
colour,  and  the  markings  of  the  feathers  better  defined. 

Toun^.  Similar  to  the  adult  female,  but  whole  belly  immaculate, 
and  apecnlum  dull  greyish  brown,  without  metallic  gloss. 

Hah.  North  America,  but  chiefly  east  of  Rocky  Monutains;  iu 
winter  West  lodiea  aud  Middle  America,  south  to  Columbia,  Ecuador. 
and  Peru. 


«.  t!  sd.  sk. 

No  W«lilv. 

I'lirchased. 

4.  rf«i.sk. 

N.  AmHri^n. 

C«pt.     Kellett     and 
Lieut.  Wood  [P.]. 

r.  <f  ad.  it. 

llrpidse  t{«v. 

Dr.  J.  Rae  [T.]. 

tf.  <f  td.  A. 

W.sideofhockvMt., 

J.  K.  Lord,  Esq.  [P.]. 
Tweeddah)  Co2. 

,.  5  »d.  »k- 

Hudson's  Kiver. 

BarMlU  du  Meiiquf,  B-ff.  Bift.  X<U.  Oil.  ix.  p.  385  (1783). 

Heucsn  Duok,  LalA.  S>,n.  lij.  %  p.  68!l,  n.  7S  (17W>). 

Anw  M(R  hinnniiF.  dm,  S.  X.  i.  p.  T-2!,.  n.  H  (ITSS)  -.  Uih.  Ind.  Orn.  ii. 

P.8S8,  n.8»(lT0O);  Soon.  Ear.  ttU/,.  i  p.  100  (1701):   HoU  A.  2>. 

r.  p.  173  (1616) ;  Dum.  met.  Sc  fat.  vi.  p.  400  (1617) :   Wagl.  Iri^ 

lS3l.p.6^(-diMoM>, 
QucrqiMduU  norn  hiipaniK.  Slrpk  Gea.  Zool.  lii.  2.  p,  153  (ISlM), 
PtarwyaniM  iiot«  hiiiMiiiin;  G.  B.  Gr.  Gtu.  H.tii.  p,  H17,  n.6(1643);  Sv. 

Cempl.  Bad.  iliti.  p.  «0U.  it.  88  (165U). 


f-i.    tf  $  ad.  8t 

2  imm.  sk. 
k.  d  juv.  ak. 
/.  tJ  ad.  at. 

m,  n.    S  ad.    et 

pulL  SK. 

o.  £ad.Bk. 

p.  cf  ad.  «k. 

9.  (J  juT.  flk, 

r, «.  Ad.  Bk. 

l,«.  (J  5  ad.  sk. 

o-y.    2  ad.  et  cf 

JUV.  sk. 
^  a',  di  ad.  ek. 
A',  d  ^-  sk. 


^-r.  d  S  ad.  ak. 
m'.  £  ad.  ek. 

o',  p'.    (J  ad.  et 
$  imm.  bL 


q,  /,  «'.   J  ad.  et 


Fort  Dufferin,  June. 

Warner  J^e,  Oregnn,  Sept. 
Missouri  Brakes,  Montana, 

April. 
WesDoe  Lake,  Nevada,  May, 

OntonaKO,  Michigan,  Sept. 

{A.  J.  Dayari). 
Gibson,  Indiaaa,  April  (  W. 

Brewitrr). 
New  Haven,  Sept.  (A.  J. 

Dayan). 
Bermudas,  Oct. 

Florida,  March  (C.  J.  May- 

nard). 
Tarpon  Springs,  Florida,  Oct, 

( H'.  K  li.  Scett). 
Texas. 
San   Autonio,  Texas,  April 

(H.  E.  Dretter). 
Corpus  Cliriati,  Teias,  Jan, 

Oct.,   Dec.   \F.  B.   Arm- 
strong). 
Brownsville,  Texas,  March 

(F.  B.  A.). 
Weaveraville,  N.  Califomia, 

Sept.  (J.  S.  Cainu). 
Mexico. 
Tamesi,      near      Tampico, 

Mexico,    March    ( fff  B. 

Richardaon). 
Presidio,  Mexico,  Jan.  (A. 

Foner). 


Brit.  N.  A  roer.Boond. 

Coram.  [P.]. 
Salvin-Oodmau  CoU. 
£.  S.  Cameron,  £aq. 


rp.]. 

Salvin-C 


Siuvin-Qodman  CoD. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godnan  OolL 
Salvin-Oodniao  Coll. 
Capt.    S.    G.   Had 

[CO- 

Salvin-Oodman  Coll, 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 

SalviD-Godmao  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  CnlL 


Salvin-Godman  ColL 


■ 

^^V 

3G.  acERauEiicLi. 

303 

i:^. 

.   (?  ad.  ek. 
,  S  ad.  St. 

Limn,  Pmi(.V«f<w.). 
JftDiftica,  W.Indies. 

SAJrin-Qodmiui  CaU. 
P.    H.    OoBse,   Ebq. 

[C.l. 
Gould  CoU. 

•"• 

4".  6  Bd. 

rt  d 

Jamaica. 

r. 

m" 

«'■ 
P" 

1" 

Ad.ak. 
'.2  St 

,  Steniam, 

.  SUrrnuiD. 

NevU,  W.  Indies. 

8.  Vincent,  W.  Indies,  Oct. 

Gtenada,Sept.  {D.  W.  SmUh). 

.IwnaicR. 

W.  Cottie,  Esq.  [P,]. 
SolTin-Godnisn  Colt 

SJrin-GodmanColl. 
P.  H.    Qou^,    E»q. 

o.  Querqaedula  cyanoptera. 
TaIo  altis  azuW,  ^zora,  ylpunt.  iii.  jip.  437,  439,  n.  43i  (ISOSj. 
Ciuurd  nux  iule«  bleues,  .'Uara,  Voy.  {Sonn.  td.)  iv.  p.  341  (1^}9). 
Ahm  evanoptera,  ViaU.  N.  D.  v.  p.  104  (1810);  id.  Enc.  MM.  i. 

p.  352  (1823) ;  JHerrem  in  Ertek  u.  Oruh.  Ene.  sect.  i.  vol.  xxxt. 

a.  33  (IS41);  Sann.  La  Plata-JUite,  ii.  p,  616  (1861);  ScAfcy. 

Mtu.  P.-B.,  Anserea,  p.  51   (1S66);  nieb.   Tha.   Om.  i.  p.  ;m 

(1872);  A.  O.  U.  Lul  N.  Amer.  S.p.n7.n.\41{lSS6);  BidoK. 

Man.  X.  Amer.  B.  p.  93  (1887) ;  Frrna:!.,  J.  f.  0.  1802,  p.  125 

(Coidoba) ;  Hartert,  Kat.    Vvjeltamml.  p.  231  (Mexico)  (1891) ; 

Hatch,  B.ofMintifs.  p.  47  (le02). 
LfAiias  j&spiitea,    VieiU.  N.  D.  t.  p.    163   (Paraguay)   (1810)    (m 

lc^ud&teteja£pije,  Vifill.  ibid. ;  id.  Enc.  MH/i.  i.  y.  352  0B23). 

Anas  rafflcdi,  finji,  Zoot.  Joim.  iv.  p.  i)7  (18:^8),  Suppl.  pi.  39 
(Magellan  Sttnita) ;  Jard.  ^  SM.  lU.  Om.  new  ser.  pL  :!&  (1838) ; 
Out.  Joun.  Ae.  Philad.  iv.  p.  19<>  (Luuiduia)  (1848). 

Cywioptwrua  raffleaii,  Eyt.  Man.  Anal.  pp.  38,  132  (1838)  ;  Ilartl. 
VfTL.  Oe».  .Vut.  p.  119  (1844). 

Qaerqaedula  cfflHilata,  "  Ei/ton ''  {icribt  csmlcata),  Fnuer.  F.  Z.  S. 
1843,  p.  118;  G.  E.  Or.  Liit  B.  Brit.  Mum.  ia.  f.  13>H\S4i) ; 
YarrtU,  P.  Z.  S.  1847,  p.  54  (epg);  Df*  ->/«««  i"  Gay's  Hia.  de 
Chtle.  i.  p.  462  (1848) ;  Bli/tJt,  Cat.  B.  Mm.  A.  S.  B.  p.  306, 
n.  1783  (1849);  Hartl.  Kaumamtia.  1853,  pp.  217,  222:  Oould, 
P.  Z.  S.  1869,  p.  115  (Fdklands) ;  Fhilippi,  Omit,  1888,  p.  IttO 
(Antofagasta). 

Adhs  ueiultsBta,  LicM.,Jide  G.  B.  Gr.  Utt  B.  Brit.  Mm.  iii.  p.  188 
[in  sjDoajm.  QueiqueJule  ctenUcalai)  (1844);  Lieht.  in  Mui. 
Ba^..  Bibra,  DmloKkr.  Ak.  IViat,  v.  p.  131  (Cluli)  (1853);  td. 
J./.  0. 1865,  p.  67. 

Pterocyanea  cwnileata,  O.  It.  Gr.  Gen.  S.  iii.  p.  617,  n.  4  (1845) ; 
JteiTtb.  Syn.  Av.,  NaUtotes,  t.  80.  f.  178  (1845),  t.  90.  f.  2337 
(1860)  (m-  Jard.  ct  Sdby] ;  Harll.  Ind.A^r.Apmt.  p.  27.  n.4»J 
(1847) :  Later.  Ann.  Lye.  iV.  i'.  v.  p.  220  (CaUfomia)  (1862) : 
Bp.  Vampt.  Bmd.  niviii.  p.  664  (California)  (1853) ;  H'cod/i. 
SOyr.  Bep.  p.  103  (Texaa,  New  Me»ico,  California)  (1863) ;  Lickt. 
KonuiaC  Av.  p.  102  (Meiico,  Chili)  (1864);  Bp.  Compt.  Rtnd. 
xliu.  p.  650,  0.87(1666);  .VewA.  P.*.  A.  ii^>.  vi.  p,  103 (S.  Cali- 
fornia) (1867) ;  Pfh.  BeiM  Xoeara,  Voyrl,  p.  139  (1865) ;  nu.  !>■ 
limdb.  Cat.  Av.  ChU.  p.  42  (Chili)  (1868). 

f  BcMcha*  diacors  occidental  is,  Denny,  P.  Z.  S.  1847,  p.  40. 

Plerocyanai  rafSesii,  Baird,  Stambary't  Rep.  p.  322  (Oreat  Salt 
Lake)  (1862) :  Eyl.  Syn.  Anal.  p.  88  (1860). 


Querquedula  cjanoptera,.  Scia(.  P.  Z.  S.  1866,  p.  104  (Bogota,  Sta, 
Martha)  {  Ous.  lU.  B.  Calif,  p.  S2,  pi.  15  (LouUiaiia,  Utah) 
(1865) ;  id.  U.S.  A,tron.  Erp.  ii.  p.  SB2  (1856) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  8. 
1856,  p.  311  (Mexico)  i  Balrd,  5.  jV. -4m.  p.  780  (Rocky  Moun- 
taiDS  to  Pacific)  (1868);  id.  Cat.  A',  ^m.  ff.  d.  682  (1&59) ;  id. 
Mex.  B.  Surv.  u.  2,  Birdt,^.  26  (Teias)  (1850);  Seial.  P.Z  S. 
1859,  p.  237  (VancnuYer  I.J ;  Kenn.  P.  R.  R.  Rep.  x.  Birdt,  p.  35 
(Arizona  and  California)  (1859);  Seerm.  ibid.  p.  69  (Hew 
Mexico  and  Oaliroraia)  (I860) ;  Chop.  ^  Suckl.  Oid.  xii.  p.  266 
(Oregon)  (1860);  iSclaL  P.  Z.S.l8G0,r,.m)(FaMimds);  Abbott, 
Ibii,  1861,  p.  161 ;  Couen,  Pr.  Ae.  Phiiad.  1806,  p.  98  (Ariiona)  ; 
id.  Ibis,  1866,  p.  263  ;  Sclal.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  ]>.  336  (Chili) ;  Baird, 
Ibii,  1967,  V- 271  ■,Sclat.^Saiv.Ibii,lS6H,u.  189  (Sandy  Point); 
Brown,  IbU,  1868,  p.  428;  Sclat.  ^  Sah.  P.  Z  S.  1869,  p.  IfiO 
(Buenos  Ayres) ;  Slfv.  U.S.  Gfol.  Sun.  Terr.  1870,  p.  466  (Wyo- 
ming) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Hand4itl,  iii.  p.  83,  n.  10657  (1871)  ;  Merr. 
U.S.  Geol.  Sum.  Terr.  1872,  p.  703  (Idaho,  breeding) ;  Aiken,  Pr. 
Bolt.  Soe.  XV.  p.  210  (Colorado)  (1872) ;  Alien,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zo<^.  iii.  p.  183  (Utah)  (1872) ;  Cbufi,  Key,  p.  288  (1872)  ;  id. 
Check-m,  n.  497  (1873) ;  Selat.  ^  Salv.  Nomencl.  Av.  JVeoft™. 
p.  129  (1873) ;  ioiCT".  Menu  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.  v.  p.  314  (Mexico) 
(1874) ;  Onut,  Birds  N.-  Weet,  p.  567  (1874) ;  Ta<s.  P.  Z.  S.  1874, 
p.  654  (Centr.  Peru) ;  Sclat.  $  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  pp.  17,  384 
(Peru);  Dumf.  Ibis,  1876,  p.  103,  1877,  p.  41  (Chuput),  p.  191 
(Buenos  Ayras) ;  Taci.  P.  Z.  S.  1877,  p.  U6  (W.  Peru) ;  Dum/. 
Ibit,  1878,  p.  400  (Centr.  PatiiMiiia) ;  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  522 ; 
SAaipe,  P.  Z.  S.  1881,  p.  14  (Talcahuano) ;  Ridffw.  Norn.  N.  Am. 
B.  n.  610  (1881)  ;  Couei,  CAeck-liit.  2nd  ed.  p.  114,  n.  717  (1882) ; 
MUne-Edic.  Reck.  Faun.  Rig.  Austral,  oh.  ix.  p.  40  (1882) ;  Sain. 
Cat.  B.  Strickl.  CoU.  p.  536  (1882) ;  White,  P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  625 ; 
B.,B.,^R.  Wattr-Birdt  N.  Am.  ii.  p.  534  (1884);  Barroios, 
Auk,  1834,  p.  273  (Pampas) ;  Coueg,  Key  N.  Am.  B.  2nd  ed, 
D.  696  (1884) ;  Tacz.  ^  Berl.  P.  Z  S.  1886,  p.  116  (Ecuador) ; 
(.  P.  Z.  S.  1886,  p.  401  (Twapaca) ;  Taex.  Om.  Pir.  ii.  p.  474 

—    "  •  '  f.  die""  -  '"■■  -'  ■   ■      ■  ■■     ■ 


,    aUGRftCEDULA. 


305 


primaries,  primory-coTerts,  aad  bastard-wing  dark  brown ;  under 
«ring-coverts  brown,  with  a  blaisli  shade,  and  tipped  with  whit-c, 
tho  inner  ones,  like  the  axillaries,  white;  tail-feathors  brown,  with 
narrow  pale  edgea  :  bill  black  ;  feet  yellow  ;  iris  dark  brown.  Total 
length  aboat  18  inches,  wing  7'9,  tail  3-5,  cnlmen  1-9,  tarsus 
1-25. 

FemaU.  Very  similar  to  that  of  Q.  dixorg,  but  somewhat  larger, 
the  bill  especially ;  culmen  1-65-1-85 ;  the  feathers  of  the  back  less 
blackish,  and  with  tho  pale  greyish-brown  edges  broader  and  much 
more  conspicnoos ;  lower  parts  deeply  tinged  with  light  brown  or 
buff-brown. 

Young.  Similar  to  adult  female,  hut  markings  of  lower  parts  much 
narrower,  streak-like. 

Yovtng  in  down.  "  Above  dark  olivaceous,  varied  by  u  spot  of  deep 
greenish  huff  on  each  side  of  back  (behind  wings)  and  a.  spot  of 
clenrer  yellowish  on  each  side  of  rump,  at  base  of  tail ;  top  of  head 
and  hind-neck  similar  to  back,  but  darker ;  forehcud,  broad  super- 
ciliary stripe,  sides  of  head  and  neck,  and  lower  parts  generallj', 
deep  buff-yellow,  the  sides  of  the  bead  marked  with  a  distinct 
narrow  stripe  of  dark  brown."  {Ridyway.) 

llab.  Western  America,  from  the  Columbia  Itiver  to  Chili,  Paru- 
gnay,  Argentine  Republic,  Patogonia  and  Falkland  Islands ;  casually 
in  tile  Uissisippi  Valley. 


a.  a  ad.  sk. 

6,  c.  (f  ad.sk, 
d,  «,/.  J  ad,  sk. 
g.  a  ad.  sk. 


N.  America. 
Carsou,  Nevada. 


f.  cf  ad.  sk. 

r.  (j  ad.  ct. 
•.  (f  ad.  sk. 
t-t.   d  5  ad, 

imm.  sb. 
«*,  &'.  dKd.sk. 

e-v.  d  5  ad.  et 

d  juv-  sk. 
i*.  d  ftd.  sk. 
M',n'.dSsd.Bk. 

o'.l^-  d  ?  sd.  ak, 
/.  d  *^  all. 


I 

••-  — 

^M  TOL.  XXV 


ker). 

San  Francisco,  CnUfomlB. 
Browns  ville,      Texas,      Jan., 

March,  April  (F.  B.  Aitn- 

ttronff). 
Preddio,    Mexico,   Feb.  (A. 

Forrer). 
Interior    of    New    Granada 

{TrUbner). 
Chili. 
CbiU. 
Stu'sya,  TarapBCii.  Jan.,  Feb., 

Sitam,  Tarapaca,  Jan. 

Cenirol  Chili. 

Bnntiago,  Chili  [Lmbold). 
Colcbsguo,  Chill,  July. 

TalcahusDO,  Chili,  Sept. 
Monte  Video  (Johmton). 
Buenos  Ayres,  May. 


Capt.  Eetlett&Lieut. 

Wood  [P.]. 
Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  CoU. 
Salvin-tiodman  Coll. 


Salrin-Qodman  Coll. 

Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 

LonJ^  Byron  [P.} 
Cuming  Coll. 
H.  Iterkeli-y  James. 
Esq.^P.j: 

II.  Berkelev  James, 

Esq.  [P.i 
II.  Berkeley   James, 

F^q.yp.j 

SalTio-Godman  ColL 
iL   J.   Elwes,    Esq. 

[PA 
Dr.  Coppingor  [C.J, 
Salvin-Godman  CoU. 
U,     Dumford,    Esq. 

[P.], 


d.  $  Inm,  *k.  8trnla  dl  Magnnan.  Cnt.  Eub  [C.]. 

C.v'.  c;2  •d.ak.  Falklind  la^AngiuL  GonldC<dl 

/,  v*.    $  Id.  «t  FalUud  Ii.  TwMdd^  CoD. 
(J  jur.  ik. 

37.  SPATDLA.  „_ 

Type. 

SjHtulA,  Bom,  Zm,  182S,  p.  W4    S.  djpetta. 

lihrncIiMpiB,  LemA,  MBS. ;  Sb^A.  (r«.  ZooL  xii.  2,  p.  114 

(1824)   S.  clTp«ta. 

firwtulttt,  FUm.  Brit.  Amm.  p.  123  (1828) 8.  dTpe»ta. 

i!\yp(faU  iniihgen.),  Leu.  Man.iFOm.  a.  f.  41Q{IS2S). .  S.  cljpwt*. 

Clyp<«ta,  "  Bote,"  Brtkm,  Jni,  1830,  p.  987 a  dypeato. 

Anu,  »e.  (nee  Linn.)  Faun.  Sor.-Am.  iL  p.  4U9  (1831).  S.  djpeate. 

Itawje.  CoBmopolitaii. 

Key  to  the  Specia. 
a,  LcatfftT  KKpulaTB  with  a  white  baud  along  the 
ra^ntnil  part;  abdomen  (le«p  cheBtuuL 
a'.  IIi'iul  nnd  upper  portdou  of  the  neck  deep 

gloHty  green  clypeata  ^ ,  p.  806. 

h',  Ifi-ad  and  upper  nortiou  of  the  neck  bluieh 
lead-colour,  witn  b  vhite  ciescentic  band 
butmecn  the  biieu  of  the  bill  and  the  ejes, 

extending  to  the  throat    r/iynchotu  ^,  p.  314. 

e'.  Head  and  neck  light  rufescent,  minutely 

■lotted  with  black platalea  jf ,  p.  316. 

A,  Ijongpr  Bcapulara  dark  blue-green,  more  bluish 
on  the  outer  web,  with  no  white  band 
dong  the  central  part ;  abdomen  with  no 
chuHtuut  colour eapauit  ij ,  p.  818. 


L 


307 

(1631) ;  fibvi;  Om.  Tok.  iii. p.  154  (IBSl) ;  MinAtr.Cal. Eau.  Cauc. 
p.  G7  (CaiUBn)  (1832) ;  Ifatt.  Mam.  iLp.  375  (1^34);  Jtn.  Man. 
p.  230  (1835) ;  Nordm.  in  B-man't  Fere.  Tkier.  Pfiaaz.  p.  18 
(1836) ;  &e.  Clatt.  B.  a.  p.  3«7  (1837);  .lud.   Om.  Biogr.  iv. 

L241,  pi.  327  (1838) ;  id.  Syn.  p.  283  (18391 ;  TVwwi.  «iw. 
I  ed.  iv.  p.  540  (1840) ;  Jrrd.  Madr.  Joam.  xii.  p.  230,  n.  382 
(1840):  sLth,  P.Z.8.  1842,  p.  220  (Calcutta);  Navm.  F^- 
I>euUchl.xl.O.7i7,T:aI.S0e{18^);Aud.B.Am.n.v.2&3,Bl.SH 
(1843);  Oiraud,B.lA»tgI»l.p.&nQ»44y,  DeKm/,  N.  Y.  Zool.  ii. 
p.  342  (1844)  i  &A/cy.  ifcK.  Crii.  p.  oit  (1844) ;  iteii^,  P.  Z.  & 
i847,p.40;  JVo/e,  l/.S.£ipl.Ejp^  BiJrfi,p.2ol,ap.  Ifti  (Hamui 
ud  Osliu)  (1818);  J^l.  Om.  Eur.  U.  p.  423  (1649) ;  Ttrnm.  ^ 
Schlcff.  Faun.  Jap-Ava,  p.  128(18S0);  SarU.  Arch.  Xaluiy.  ISS2, 
U  p.  122  (Hawaii,  Oaha) ;  Midd.  «t&ir.  Bets.  U.  p.  233  (1853) ; 
Zemb.  Av.  Cui.  p.  116(1856);  Adatas,  P.  Z.  S.18m,  p.  SIO; 
Kita.  Denkw.  ij.  p.  294  (l858) ;  Tajfl.  Ibiii,  1859,  p.  54  (Etypt)  ( 
Witd,  J.f.  O.  1869,  p.  174;  Mart.  ibid.  p.  220  (Bfnnudn) ;  Blot, 
in  Kaum.  Viiff.  DniUtM.  lui.  2,  p.  312  (egtn)  {I860) ;  I'awyt,  Ibit, 
\mO,  p.  353;  Sunnk.  IbU,  1862,  p.  264  (Foocliow) ;  i.1.  P.  Z.  S. 
1863,  p.  824;  IacM.  J.f.  O.  1883,  p.  fill  (Mexico);  Wnjkt, 
Ibif.  l«04,  p.  155;   &A%.  Mta.  F.-B.,  Anseres,  p.  33  (part.) 

CI);  HuKltv.  C^v.  K.  Vri.-Akad.  Fork.  18(Ri,  p.  (103  (Porto 
);  DoU,  Pr.  BofL  Soe.  N.  fl,  rii.  p.  306  (1809);  PntK: 
Puirtch.  &'.™r.n.  206  (1870);  Garn. -Km,  1871,  p.299  (Alceris): 
Ttofl.  Ibii,  1872,  p.  233  (Crimeii) ;  Gieb.  ZAw.  Om.  L  p.  348  (sjn. 
emend)  (1672);  Sererb.  Turkeit.  Jeootn.  p.  30(1873);  Adami, 
Ibii,  1878,  p.  432  (UichnU«ki) ;  J)ole,  Hawta.  Alman.  1879,  p.  5fi; 
Snerla.  Ibit,  1883,  p.  76  (Pamir) ;  Serlt.  Hilt  Brit.  B.  iii.  p.  654, 
[i  63  (t«g)  (1885) ;  id.  B.  Jap.  Emp.  p.  242  (1800). 

AiiMelypeiitnj9{At)s.ainuacarift,  Gtmt.),  Linn.  S.  If.  i.  p. 200  (1766); 
Gm.  S.  y.  i.  2,  p.  518  (1788) ;  tath.  Ind.  Om.  a.  p.  867  (1790) ; 
ritUl.  A'.  D.  V.  p.  166  (1816). 

AiMtra  m«8M)loiw,  Oerini.  Star,  degli  Uee.  v.  tav.  672  ( <J )  (1770), 

Sonchet,  D'Aubent.  PL  Btd.  071  (J),  872  (2) ;  Buf.  Ifitl.  Nat. 
Oit.  ix.  p.  191  (1783). 

Red-brewted  Slioveler,  Pern.  Brit.  Zoot.  ii.  n.  281  (England)  (1785) ; 
Lath.  Syn.  iii.  2,  p.  512,  n.  67  (1786). 

Uexican  Shoveler,  Lath.  Syn.  iii.  2,  p.  511,  n.  66  (1785). 

Anu  ru%u«l«r.  Lath.  Om.  Syn.  Suppl.  i.  p.  297  (1787). 

Anas  dypeat*  y,  Om.  S.  X.  L  2,  p.  519  (1788) ;  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  ii. 
p.  857  (1790). 

Ana*  niexicana.  Gm.  8.  JV.  L  2,  p.  519,  n.  81  (1788) ;  Zath.  Ind.  On. 
iL  p.  857,  n.  61  (1790) ;  Dmn.  Diet.  Sc.  Nat.  ri.  p.  366  (1817) ; 
lybrb.  in  La  Sagra'i  Uid.  Nat.  Oi*a,  Ow.  p,  299  (1840)  ;  Gmdl. 
J.f.  0. 1871,  pp.  278,  280. 

Anaa  rubens,  Gm.  S.  N.  i-  p.  610,  n.  82  (1788)  (w  Ptnnant) ;  Ltdi. 
Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  867,  n.  62  (1790) ;  Bonn.  Enc.  Mitk.  i.  p.  145 
(1790) ;  VieM.  N.  D.  v.  pp.  ISt,  156  (1816) ;  Oum.  Did.  Sc.  Nal. 
Ti.  p.  378  (1677). 

Anw  dvpeala'niexicaiia,  Bonn.  Ent.  Mith.  L  p.  161  (1791). 

Spatula' dn«Bta,  Soie,  Iii*,  1822,  p.  564,  1826,  p.  980;  G.  S.  Or. 
Lia  B.  BrU.  Mta.  iii.ji.  139  (1844);  id.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  018,  n.  4 
(1846)  (Brn.Hmentl.);  AoMT,  P.Z.S.  1845,  p.  13;  Rahnh.  Sun.  As., 
NataU.re«.  I.  88.  fE.  215-216  (1845);  Biipp.  Sgrt.  Ufbrrt.  p.  188, 
n.  490  (N.E.  Afr.)  (1846) ;  O.  B.  Or.  Cat.  Hodui.  ColL  B.  M. 
p.  116  (Nepal)  (1816) ;  Btyth,  Cat.  B.  Miu.  A.  S.  B.  p. 303,  n.  1770 
iajrn.  eineod.)  (1849) ;  Mchnb.  Ac.  tSyit.  Nat.  p.  ix  (1851') ;  Woodk. 


SUgr.  Sep.  p.  104  (18C3) ;  Zmard,  Ann.  8f  Mag.  N.  B.  siv.  p.  379 
(CeTlon)  (I8S4) ;  GotM,  P.  Z.  8.  1666,  p.  BS ;  Hartl.  Suit.  Om. 
Wutafr.  p.  248  (CBBamanee)  (1867) ;  Cab.  J.  f.  O.  1867,  p.  22» 

iGuba) ;  Com.  U.S.  Krpl.  Erp.,  Mam.  ^  Om.  p.  343  (1868) ;  Baird, 
1.  JV.  Am.  p.  781  {IS58) ;  td.  Cat.  N.  Am.  B.  n.  583  (1868) ;  id. 
Mex.  B.  Sun.  p.  27  (1859) ;  Hetrm.  P.  E.  B.  E^.  i.  pt.  Ti.  p.  60 
(1869);  Sdat.  ^  Salv.  IbU,  1859,  p.  231  (Guatemaia);  Saiv.  ibid. 
pp.  366,  363  (E.  AUm)  ;  O.  R.  Or.  Litt  3.  Trap.  I»t.  p.  66  (1869) ; 
Vo(^.  ^  Suekl.  K.  H.  Wath.  Terr.  p.  265  {I860) ;  Zawr.  Ann, 
Imc.  y.  Y.  vii.  p.  274  (Cuba)  (1860) ;  A.  Newt.  Ibit,  I860,  p.  308 
(St.  Thomu)  1  Sclm.  P.  Z.  S.  1861,  p.  83  (Jamaica) ;  Irbg,  Ibit, 
1861,  p.  249  (Oudh)  ;  Slakiit.  Ibu,  1862,  pp.  9,  332 ;  Sclat. 
P.ZB.  1862,  p.  20  (Mexico) ;  Hm/d.  Sep.  1862,  p.  176 ;  G.  R.  Gr. 
Lid  Br.  B.  p.  197  (1863)  ;  Sou,  Canad.  Nat.,  April  1862 ;  Verr. 
Pr.  Bu.  Inst.  in.  p.  168  (1862) ;  Albrnht,  J.  f.  O.  1862,  p.  207 


BwmA.  Slid.  p.  434  {Formosa)  j  March,  Pr.  Ac.  PhUad.  1864,  p.  71 
(Jamaica) ;  Jerd.  B.  of  Itid.  iii.  p.  796  (1864) ;  P  Oould,  Handb. 
B.  Amtr.  li.  p.  370  (N.  S.  Waleal)  (1866) ;  fiWat.  P.  Z.  S.  1865, 
p.  618  (Hakodadi);  More,  Ibis,  1866,  p.  442  (Great  Brit.); 
Omdi.  Repert.  Fit.-Nat.  i.  p.  389  (Cuba)  (1866) ;  Coue$,  Pr.  Ac. 
Phitad.  1866,  p.  99  (Arizona);  Lawr.  Arm.  Lye.  N.  T.  viii, 
p.  297  (1866)  i  Liat.  OU.  Trin.  p.  618  (1866) ;  Degl.  *  Gerhe, 
Om.  Eur.  ii.  p.  503  (1867) ;  WhiUly,  Ibit,  1867,  p.  207;  Cottet, 
Pr.  Eti.  Itut.  T.  p.  299  (1868);  Drake,  Ibit,  1869,  p.  164 
(Morocco) ;  Seiat.  P.  Z.  S.  1869,  p.  629  (breeding)  ;  Goeb.  J.f.  O. 
1869,  p.  32  (Archangel);  Frantx.J.f.  0. 1869,  p.  378  (Costa  Rica); 
Egt.  ^.  Anat.  p.  £0  (1869)  ;  Baa  ^  Banti.  Tr.  Chic.  Acad.  i. 
p.  297  (Alaska)  (1869) ;  Eiwa  ^  Buckl.  Ibit,  1870,  p.  330  (Turkey) ; 
FtMch,  Z^.  ZooL  Soc.  -vii.  p.  301  (AbyeBinia)  (1870) ;  Stev.  U.S. 
Gtol.  SuTv.  Terr.  1870,  p.  466  (Wyoniing) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Hand4itt, 
iii.  p.  86,  n.  10676  (1871) ;  Swinh.  P.  Z.  S.  1871,  p.  418  (S.  China, 
Furnio.-!!) ;  Oiridd,  II.  Urtat  lirU.  v.  pi.  11  (pi.  \y..,  1^71)  :  Allen, 
Bull.  Mils.  Comp.  ZkI.  iii.  p.  183  (Hiah)  (la?:?) ;  IIoUUic.  P.  Z.  S. 


37.  flPArcLi. 


309 


Bir^,  n.  608  (1881) ;  C.  Smnh.  IbU,  1883,  p.  124 ;  Couet,  Ckerk- 
iM(,2nd  ed.  p.  114,  n.  718  (1882);  Sate.    Cat.  B.  Striekl.   O.tL 

S53«(18b2);  Blakiit.  ^  Pryer,  Tr.At.  Soc.Jap.i.'p.9fi(\S&>); 
.  O.  V.  Lilt  Brit.  B.  p.  128  (18S3) ;  Sclat.  LiU  Vert.  An.  8th  id. 
p.  437  (18SS)  )  NtUon,  'CniUe  Concin.'  p.  96  (1883) ;  Obua,  Key 
Jf.  Am.  B.  2iid  ed.  p.  606  (1884) ;  Saliiad.  Ann.  Mm.  av.  Gai. 
(a)  i.  p.  247  (Shoa)  (1884) ;  B..  B.,  *  B.  Watfr-B.  N.  Am.  i. 
p.S26(1884}i  Triitr.  Fatal. ^ Flor.FaUat.f.n%i\^ii);  Saui'd. 
m  YamtV$  Hat.  Brit.  B.  iv,  p.  375  (1884-85)  j  Con/,  Liit  B.  If. 
Itid.  p.  31  (1885) ;  St^n.  Bull.  U.S.  Nat.  Mtu.  no.  29,  p.  159 
{Bering  I.)  (1835) ;  Zaroudn.  Oil.  Tran«xup.  p.  72  (1883) ;  Shari-f, 
Ibit,  1886,  p.  493  (Fao);  A.  0.  U.  Chfrk-lUt  JV.  Am.  B.  p.  117, 
n.  143  (1886) ;  Saivad.  EL  U<x.  Ital.  p.  2fiO  (1886):  Ae/rt.  Enc.  Brit. 
Stta  ed.  xii.  p.  842  (1886)  ;  Turner,  Gmtr.  JV.  S.  Ata»ka.  p.  133 
0886);  iVeiwji,  ^at.  H«t.  Coll.  in  Altuka,  p.  89  (1887) :  SMn.  Pr. 
V.8.  Nat.  Mu».  I.  p.  137  (Berinir  1.)  (1887) ;  SiHgw.  Man.  N.  Am. 
Birds,  p.  97  (1887) ;  Taa.  P.  Z.  S.  18**,  p.  460  (Coreft) ;  P  Bam*. 
Tab.  Lai,  p.  23,  n.  672  (New  8.  Wolra)  (18SS) ;  Shu/eldl,  JV. 
ZT.S.  Nat.  Mut.  1888,  pp.  230-248,  ff.  15, 16, 17, 18,  20, 22, 23, 24, 
SS  (osleolcey) ;  Salcad.  Ai\n.  Mui.  Civ,  Oen.  (2)  vi.  p.  323  (Shoa) 
■{1888) ;  Cory,  Auk,  1888,  p.  54  ( W.  Iadie«t ;  id.  B.  W.  Ind.  p.  265 
(1889) ;  S&arpe,  Tr.  linn.  Sac.  (2)  Ztml.  y.  p.  91  (1889) ;  £<//. 
Cbl.  Flff.  Or.  B.  pt.  X.  pi.  —  (1830) ;  Triitr.  Cat.  CalL  S.  p.  48 
<1889) :  Feild.  IbiM,  1889,  p.  500  (lUrbados) ;  North.  Cat.  NftU 
4-  Eggs  Aaitr.  B.  p.  371  (1889) ;  Saunders,  Man.  Brit.  B.  p.  415 
(1880):  BcAme.  J./.  O.  1890,  p.  82;  Emm,  Ibit,  1891.  p.  73 
{incubation) ;  Sluan,  ibid.  pp.  328, 497 ;  Sharpe.  Sop.  I'ark.  Mi*f., 
Artt,v.  132(1891);  id.  Cat.  (hteol.  Spmm.  CoU.  Swg.  ili.  p.  303 

S881):  Hartfrt,Kat.  Vogdtamml.  v-  232  (1891);  HaUA,  B.  of 
MRM.  p.  47  (1892) ;  Hanmy,  Ann.  SeoU.  N.  S.  t.  p.  138  (Orkney) 
(1893);  Battertby,  Zool.  1892,  p.  311  (Wcstmeftth) ;  Duboit, 
Faun.  Vert.  Brig.,  Ow.  ii.  p.  458,  pi.  252  (1892) ;  De  la  Tow^he, 
iAw,18»2,  p.492;  Fairbridgt,  n)U,\^^,o.  l.»(CapeI);  Meade- 
Waido,  aid,  p.  199  (Canariei):  SJimig,  J./.  0.  1893,  p.  104; 
Chapm-lbii,  1694.  p.  842  (W.  JutUnd)  ;  Scott  Wile.  AveeSairai. 
pt  iv.  (1893):  C^^nn.  £ei^ .dm.  ATiM.  JV.  if.  1894,  p.  83  (Trinidad) ; 
Satead.  Mem.  B.  Ac.  Se.  Tor.  [2)  zliT.  p.  594  (Somali)  (1804). 
Bhvnch&RiiB  djpeats.  ZeacA.  MS.:  Steph.  Gen.  Zool.  xii.  3,  p.  115, 
p"l.  48  (1834);  Striekl.  P.  Z.  S.  1836,  p.  102  (Smyrn«)  ;  Eyt.  Cat. 
Br.  B.  p.  01  (1836)  ;  Gould.  B.  of  Eur.  \.  pi.  360  (1837) ;  EvI. 
Man.  Anat.  p.  131,  pi.  3.  f.  7  (fltucnum)  (1638) ;  Bp.  Comp.  Litt, 
p.  67  (183S) ;  Dkkt.  ^  Bou.  P.  Z.  S.  1839.  p.  134  (Eraeronm) ; 
Vfo.  Zool.  Beackeu't  Voy.  p.  31  (1839);  K.  *  B.  Wirbellh.  Eur. 
pp.  toiv,  227  (1840);  Striekl.  P.  Z.  S.  1842.  p.  167  (Chins); 
Mat^U.  .Van.  ii.  p.  172  (1842) ;  Sefy»-l.  Faun.  Belg.  i.  p.  143 
(1842);  HarU.  Vert.  Get.  Mat.  p.  120(1644);  Goue,  B.  Jam. 
p.  408  (1847) ;  Hartl.  Arch.  f.  Naturg.  1852,  i.  pp,  136,  137 
(Swdwich  lal.)  ;  Bp.  Gimpt.  Bend,  xctvii.  p.  004  (1853)  ; 
Waliaigr.  AViumiin)tHi,1864,p.270(Scandinatia):  Liebt.  Nomencl. 
><R  p.  102(1854);  Selat.  P.  Z.  8.  1855,  p.  164(Bo^t«!):  Bp. 
Cbmpl.  Bend,  iliii.  p.  &W,  n.  82  (18.56) :  Neiei.  P.  B.  B.  Bep.  vi. 


p.  1(J3  (1857) ;  Cab.'lt  Gu'ndl.  J./.  O.  iS57.p.228(Cul»);  Zotie. 
Cat.  Mamm.  el  Oi:  Ala.  p.  141  (1858) :  MTurr.  Edinb.  Neu,  PhU. 
Joum.  1869,  p.  229;  Trittr.  Ibta,  18-tO,  p.  37  (Paleiline),  1660, 
p.  81(Jt.K.  Alr.)i  S;7np8<m,ifo>.  1 —       —     "  "      -    - 

Sbr.  N.  II.   vii.   p.  30ii  (Cubn)  1181    .  ,         _.  ^     .. 

(Ilonj^kong);  Tn*tr.  P.Z.S.  1864,  p.   4'f3  (rslestiue) ;  &oinh. 


0  tMATax. 

Ibu,  1667,  ^  388;  AfOw,  Vrit,  1871,  p.  S16;  8a-md.  lUt,  1871, 
p. 896 (8.  EhMin) ;  8MUu,  B. ofEgypt,v.  285  (1872) ;  Too.  J.f.  O. 
1873,  p.  IIU,  1874,  ^  SSI;  id.  Om.  Vod.  aOnr.  p.  30  (1877) ;  id. 
BuU.  Soc.  Zool.  Fr.  1877,  p.  46, 188S,  p.  34S ;  JEodUf ,  Ondt  Cimeat. 

p.  4m  (i8»i). 

B&jticbaqai  mezicana,  A«)A.  ffrfn.  ZboJL  liL  S,  p.  118  (1624). 

Spatulea  clj>pe«U,  J%in.  .^if.  ..Jni'in.  p.  123  (1828). 

ClypeBtK  macTorhTiichoi,  SrOm,  Itit,  1830,  p.  9»7 ;  (iii  Fm.  ZJealiciU. 

p.  870  (1831). 
Cljppata  pUtTThvncboi,  Brehm,  Int.  1830,  p.  997 ;  ijf.  Fm.  DemlieU. 

p.  877  (1831). 
Cljpeata  pomuioa,  BreMn,  Imt,  1830,  p.  9OT;  irf.  Vt^.  DetUteU, 

p.  879  (1831). 
ClrpMte  bnchyrliTncllua,  Brehm,  IiU,  1830,  p.  997;  id.    Vdg. 

Jhuttchl.  p.  878  fl831). 
Ilbj'iichiuipii  TirettceoB,  Leaeh 

n.  217  (bukhnn). 
Rhvnchaiipis  iiiBcrorhynchoa,  Brehm,  Vogelf.  p.  377  (185S). 
" ^ncho«,  £r«Am,  F.^^.  p.  378  (1856);  id.Nau- 

Brehm,  Naumamaa,  185S,  p.  298. 
"    •        'a. 

Compt.  Bold.  zliiL  p.  650 


A  MS8.,Jide  Syie*,  P.  Z.  S.  1832,  p.  166, 


Rhyncha*pis  poi 

BhfDchaapiB  brachyrhjnchoB,  Brehm,  ibid. 
Kbynchupis  pUtyuros,  Brehm,  ibid. 
RbTncbsniU  cljpeata  a.  mexicaus,  . 

(1866). 
Asaa   (Ilhynehaepifl)  clypeato,   ScArenck,   Iteit.   Amurl 

{I860) ;  Badde,  Beit.  S.  O.-Sibir.  ii.jp.  373  (1863). 
BhyncliMpia  spathulattt,  C.  F.  Daft.  H.  "  '    "       ' 

(i860). 
BbyDchaamuB  (!)  clypeata,  Koenig,  J.f.  O.  1893,  p.  104. 


(.  Cot.  Oil.  Belg.  iii.  p.  276 


Adult  mah.  Head  and  tipper  part  of  the  neck  dark  glossy  green ; 
lower  nook,  broast,  and  tho  anterior  Bcapulare  white  ;  middle  of  the 
hack  dark  brown,  the  feathers  with  paJe  edges ;  nuDp  and  upper 


37.   SFITCU. 


SlI 


I 


tail-feathers  wltitbti,  with  brovn  marks :  beak  oliTe-brown,  base  of 
the  maxilla  and  the  entire  mandible  orange  ;  irides  bazol-brown ; 
feet  dull  orange. 

MaU  in  first  plumagt  rosembles  the  female,  but  the  wings  ate 
brighter  coloared ;  bill  pale  reddish  brown ;  l^s  and  feet  flesh- 
colour. 

MaUt  in  Oieir  first  nu/tlial  plimage  have  the  white  of  the  breasl 
with  a  few  dark  crescontic  bands,  the  lower  belly  with  dark  bars, 
ajid  the  rich  block  of  the  andcr  tail-eoverU  mottled  with  chestnut 
and  white. 

Adult  male  in  Tiutullinff  plumage  may  bo  dietinguished  from  the 
adult  female  by  the  greater  brilliancy  of  the  blue  and  metallic 
green  on  the  wing,  the  plwn  dark  upper  tail-coverts,  and  the 
general  darker  colour  of  the  entire  plumage;  the  crown  is  dark 

Finiiur  in  down  resemble  those  of  the  Wigoon  in  having  the  upper 
parts  almost  uniform,  with  indialiuct  pale  spots,  but  tliey  posses,* 
the  dark  brown  stripe  through  the  eye  as  in  the  young  Mallard. 
The  bill  is  not  widened  at  the  tip,  but  it  grows  very  rapidly. 

Hafi.  Northern  hemisphere,  breeding  as  far  north  as  lat.  6S° ; 
from  the  Palteurctic  region  in  winter  extends  in  Africa  as  far  south 
as  Casamoncc  on  the  West,  and  Somali-land  on  the  East ;  and  in  Asia 
as  far  as  Arabia,  Persia,  India,  Ceylon,  Formosa,  Southern  China, 
and  Japan  ;  in  America  as  far  as  Colombia  and  the  West  Indies. 


a,  ».  (J  2  «!■  »t. 

c.  $  ad.  et. 

d.  2  juv-  •*. 

«,/.  tf  $  ad.  St. 

S/'l.  (f  2   ad,  et 

jm.  »k.  etsL 


Qreat  Dritnln, 
Great  Britun. 
Loch  Lomond,  Scotland,  Aug. 

Jlerton,  Norfolk,  Uay. 

Lincolnshire. 

Aldeburgh,  Suflblk,  Aug. 


o.  ^  ad-rt. 
p,j.  (f  2»d,ak. 


Purchased. 

The  Duke  of  Mont- 
rose rP.]. 

Lord  WaUinaham 
[!■.]■ 

Montagu  Coll. 

Tbeo.    Fisher,    Esq. 

(T.].  ^ 

Theo.    Hsher,    ^. 

[P.]. 
Montagu  Coll. 
Baron  A.  von  Iliigel 


y,  t.  2  ad.  et 
(J2  Jn'-'J'- 
a'.  J  imm.  sk. 


&'.  (f  od.  ak. 


^M        f-.  a  ad.  ak. 
H        J.  $  ad.  sk. 


Poole  Harbour,  Doc.,  Jan.,  Feb. 

Archangel,  June. 

Middensee,    Oeimany,   June, 

Hungary,  Sept 

Golicia. 

Sardints,  l^Iurch  (ft.  E,  S.\. 
Eubcea,    Greek    Archipelago, 


[P.]. 

Baron  A. « 

[P.]. 

HuBgnrian 
Mu. 


on  Hiigel 
on  Hugel 
on  Hiigel 
National 

^-l  , 
on  HUgtfl 


Baron  A. 

[P.]. 
SbeUey  Coll. 
H.    J,    Elwes,   Esq. 

[P.]. 


312 

et  JUT.  as.. 
A'.  $  kd.  Bk. 
i.  (f  ad.  Bk. 
f,/'.  (J?Bd.8k. 

et  %  inun.ak. 
p'.  2  jiv.  ik. 

9'.  $  ad.  8k. 

r'.  $  ad.  sk. 

V.C.  <J?  aiak. 

m',  1/.  cf  ad.  et 

imm.  ak. 
u>'.  cf  ad.  ak. 

a--.  Pull.  ak. 

jf'.  J  imm.  Bk. 


£^t,  Feb.,  April  (0.  £  A).      SbeUe;  ColL 


AJexudrit,  Feb. 

Senaf6,  AbyBmnia,  April  ( ITm. 

Jeue). 
AogoUala  (fiorra). 

Bagdad. 

Mesopotamia  (/onw). 

Fao,  Pemian  Quit 

LenkoTan. 

Sanpta,  ApriL 

Eaaan,  June. 

Omak,  Maj. 

NarimskaJB,  Ob  R,  Sept. 
Valle;    oi    the    Yen-e-eaj, 

Siberia,  l*t.  664°,  June 

{S.  &). 
Eaahgar  (Beiieto). 


J.Bowriiig,E^.[P.l 
SheUer  ColL 
TweetWUi  ColL 

India  Muaenm  [P.], 

C.    Chevalier,  Eaq. 

[P.].  ^ 

Kenneth  Loftua,  Eaq. 

[P.].  ^^ 

Euphrates     Exned. 

(g.\  '^ 

W.    D. 


Seebol 


K 


ion. 


Baion  A.  von  BMgd 

[P.]. 
Baron  A.  von  Hiifrel 

[Po- 
st. Oeonre  Littledale, 

Dr.  O.'fWi  [P.]. 
Seebohm  CoU. 


India  Mutteum  [P.]. 
India  Museum  [P.]. 


37.  bpahtla. 

Nepal  {B.  B.  HodgttmX 
Native  Sikhim,  March  (£.  Man- 

deUi). 
Bootan  (Ptmbertan). 
Shan  Stales. 

Cochin  China. 

Lob-nor,  March  {PrjecaUhf\ 
Djunjfaiia,  May  {PijevaUky). 
China  (TucAett). 

Kiukiang,  China,  March- 


India  MuMum  [T^]. 

E.  W.   Gates,    EbQ. 

[P.]. 
M.St.  Pierre  [P.]. 
Seebohm  CoIL 
Se«bohm  Coll. 
Tweeddale  ColL 
Fortune  CoU. 

F.  W.   atjan,   Esq. 
[P.]. 

Lieut.  Davies  [PJ- 


.    Saunden, 


*».  5 


I 


a\  6*.  e  ad.  et 

jUT.  ak. 
«'*,  rf'.  (J  ad.  at 

S  inun.  ab. 
'•-;*'.  (J  2  ad.  et 

.-■.  cT  ad.  ak. 

A'.  $  ad.  Rk. 
/>,  M*.  n'.  cT  ad. 

et  mv.  A. 
«*.p.  7*.  (f  2ftd. 

et  imm.  sk. 

AV  rf^.et$ 
«'.  ?  jUT.  sk, 

r*.  (^  tnun.  ek. 

te:  6  mLsL 
*'.  2  imm.  sk. 
»*.  rf  juT.  ak. 


Caaton  Market,  China  (R.  Swin-    : 

hot). 
Takow,   Formosa,    Feb.,  Dec.    I 

(S.  S.). 
Yokohama,  Japan  iU.  Piyrr).      I 


.  Ycno,  Japan,  Oct.  {Blakii- 


**»  *^-  tf  i""-  * 

9  inm.  ak. 
j'-D*.  rf  2  ad.  et 

imm.  ok. 
w*.  rf  ad.  ak. 

j".  cf  juv.  ik. 


Ft  Simpson,  July. 
4Sth  t'arallul,  April 

Ma^sachuti^tts,  Oct. 

Cbicag,},  Illinois,  April  {E.   W. 

Rockport,  N.  America, 
Fairporl.  N.  America. 
French   Itroad  II.,  near  Alex- 
andeHB,   N.   C,   April   lU. 

w.  m. 

Denver,  Colorado,  Mav. 
Brownsville,    Teias, "  March, 

April  (F.  B.  Armetrony). 
Corpus    ChrUti.   Teias,   Oct., 

Doc.  (F.  B.  A.). 
California,  Dm.  {S.  O.  Parker). 
Zac*t<K88,  Mexico,  Feb.  { W.  B. 

Richardson). 
Presidio.    Mexico,     Feb,    {A, 

Farrrr). 

Duefias,  Ctuatemala,  Feb,,  Oct 

(O.  S.). 
nunmuchni,   Guatemala,    Feb. 

(O.  S). 
Medellin,  V.S.  Colombia  {T.  K. 

SaliHoH). 


F.  Ringer,  Esq.  [P.]. 

Soebohm  ColL 

J.  K.  Lord,  Esq.  [P-l- 
J.  K.  Lord,  Eaq.  [P.]. 

N.  America  Bound- 
ary Gnmm.  [P.l. 

B.  B.  Ross.  Eao.[P.]. 

N.  America  Boun- 
dary Conun.  [P,]. 

Salvin-fiodman  Coll. 


Salvin-Oodn 


a  CoU. 


Prof.  KirtUnd  [P.l. 


Sal vin-0  adman  Cull. 

Salviu-Grwliuan  C^jIL 
Salvin-Gmlraan  ColL 

Salvin-Goilmaii  CoU. 

SalviD-Ooduian  Coll. 

Salvin-Oudman  ColL 

Salviii-Oodman  Coll. 


S14 

y*,  s".  PdIL  nt. 
a*.  Skeleton. 
6*.  Skeleton,  im- 

perfect. 
«*.  Skull. 
iT.  Sternum. 
a*.  Stenimi  with 

■IioaldeT-girdle. 


Nep>L 


£nglukd. 
England. 


Pnchaaed. 

PvcfaAMd. 

a  H.  HodgMO,  Era. 
T.  Ingdl,  Eeq.  [P.]. 


2.  SpEtula  rhynchotii. 

New  IIollBnd  Shoveler,  Lath.  Gat.  &)i.  Si^pi.  ii.  p.  339,  n.  87 
(1801). 

Antu  rhjnchotiti,  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  Sujipl.  p.  Ixi,  n.  5  (1801);  Leu. 
Tr.  dfOm.  p.  033  (1831);  SchUg.  Mut.  P.-B.,  Aneeree,  p.  35 
(1866) ;  Oieh.  TTtet.  Om.  i.  p.  361  (sTn.  emend.)  (1872) ;  FirueJl, 
Ibi>,  1880,  p.  397. 

BhynchBiirtris  rhynchotis,  Steph.  Gen.  ZooL  jrii.  2,  p.  123  (1824) ; 
fyt.  Mm.  Anat.  p.  133  (1838);  P.  Z.  S.  1839,  p.  114;  JTp, 
(hmpt.  Smd.  iliii.  p.  660.  o.  8fi  (1856)  ;  BuOtr,  Silt.  B.  Sfc 
Zeal.  2Dd  ed.  ii.  p.  271  (1888). 

Spatula  xhynchotiB,  G.  R.  Gr.  Lut  B.  Brit.  Mm.  iii.  p.  1*)  (syn. 
emend.)  (1844) ;  id.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  018,  n.  2  (»yn.  emend.)  (1846) ; 
Gould,  B.  Atutr.  viii.  pi.  12  (pt.  xi.,  1846) ;  BehrUt.  Sj/n.  Av., 
Nstatorea.t.  110.  f.  980  (1846),  t.  cclxxiiii.  (86)  If.  2334-35  (18G0) 
(ex  Gould?) ;  Gould,  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  9S;  id.  Handb.  B.  Atutr. 
li.  p.  368  (1866) ;  Pth.  Rtit.  Novara,  Viig.  p.  189  (New  HollMid  I 
(1865) ;  Eat.  Syn.  AfuU.  p.  88  (1869) ;  ?  Aforw,  Act.  Soe.  X*iim. 
Bord.  xxvu.  p.  328  (New  Caledonia)  (1870);  G.  R.  Gr.  SantNUt, 
Hi.  p.  80,  n.  10677  (1871);  Digffl.  B.  Auttr.  ii.pl.  112  (1877); 
P  ^^aTie,  Il.lt,  isrr,  p.  :W,Z  {!^ew  Cnledonm);  nammu,  Pr.  Linn. 
Soc.  a:  S.  tr.  ii.  p.  200,  n.  «f)9  0<*'8)  :  Leffgr,  B.  of  (iyl.  p.  108^< 
;  Scl,it.  P.  Z.S.  1880, p.  523;  Sale.    "  '     "    ""  "  '* 


■PilDLA.  315 

*  (1831)  :  Sclat.  P.  7..  S.  1680,  p.  023; 

i.  p.  37  (TaBwwiia)  {1802). 

Cimpt.  Sfvd.  sliii.  p.  f(60.  n.  86  (18561 
(Wn.  emend. ?)r-fV'>«^.  Jf-  O.  1870.  p,  356;  Futf*.  Tr.  N.  Z. 
Ijut.  iii.  (1870)  p.  102  (1871);  IlutUm,  Cat.  B.  If.  Zeal.  p.  37 
(1871) ;  Button.  IbU,  1872,  p.  248  (Chdtbam  Is.) :  FimKh,  J.f.  O. 
1873,  p.  187,  1874.  p.  203;  BuUrr,  Man.  B.  New  Zeal.  p.  70, 
pL  us.  (1882)  i  Bull.  Hist.  B.  Neie  Z^aL  2aA  ed.  ii.  p.  269, 
pL  sliv.  (1888) ;  Forbei.  IbU,  1893,  p.  543  (Chstham  L). 
Anas  rhynchoti8.  Ellmmi  (nee  ZathT),  Zoologiit,  1861,  jn,  7471 ; 
SeUfg.  Mia.  P.-B.,  AnaeMS,  p.  35  (part.)  {lHOG) ;  Oieb.  net.  Orn. 
i.p.361  (part.)  (1872). 

Adult  Tiudt,  Crown  of  tho  head,  space  enrroundiug  (be  base  of 
tliB  bill,  and  chin  brownish  blauk ;  a  cresccntic  white  band  between 
the  biD  and  the  eyes,  bounded  posteriorly  by  speckles  of  black ;  rest 
of  the  head  and  neck  bluish  grey,  with  greenish  reflections,  especially 
on  the  sidea  of  tJie  nai>e  ;  back  browniiih  black,  the  feathers  edged 
with  reddish ;  rump  and  npper  tail'Oorerts  black,  with  a  green 
gloBS ;  feathers  of  the  lower  neck  and  upper  breast  more  or  less 
white,  vith  b]ackish-brown  crescenlic  bands,  and  edged  with  rufous; 
lower  breast  and  abdomen  bright  rufous  chestnut,  with  black  bands; 
the  flanks  brighter,  each  feather  crossed  hy  several  broad  cresccntic 
bands  of  black ;  under  tail-coverta  black,  glossed  with  groon  :  a  white 
patch  on  the  lower  flanks  on  each  side  of  the  base  of  the  tail :  shorter 
scapalaie  brown,  with  white  cresccntic  bars  and  nifons  edges  ;  the 
longer  scnpal.irs  with  a  control  (rreyish-white  stripe,  but  the  upper 
once  glo^y  black,  white  the  lower  ones  have  tho  out«r  web  fight  blue 
like  the  upper  wing-coverts  ;  upper  wing-coverts  light  blue,  the  an- 
terior ones  of  the  h^t  row  broadly  tipped  with  white  ;  wing-speculum 
glossy  green,  the  tips  of  the  secondaries  brown  witli  a  blue  tinge  ; 
the  ioncT  secondaries  or  tertials  long,  black,  with  a  bine  gloss,  some 
with  a  whitish  central  stripe;  mai^nal  under  wing-coverts  pale 
brown,  edged  with  white,  the  remainder  of  the  asillaries  entirely 
white ;  tail  black,  the  oater  feathers  narrowly  edged  with  whitish  on 
The  outer  web  :  "  iridos  bright  yellow ;  hilt  dark  purplish  black,  the 
under  mandible  clouded  with  yellow  ;  legs  and  feet  yellow"  (Gould). 
Total  length  22  inches,  wing  9' 75,  tail  4,  culmen  2'55,  tarsus  I'3. 

Femal*.  A'ery  similar  to  that  of  S.  clypeata,  from  which  it 
differs  in  being  darker,  heavier  brown-spotted  on  the  nnderparts, 
uid  principally  in  the  tail,  which  is  dark  brown,  with  rufcscent 
edges  and  narrow  bars,  instead  oF  being  pale  fa,wu-coli>ur  wilh 
lirown  marking:  the  speculum  is  of  a  darker  green. 

Yotmy.  Similar  to  the  female,  but  duller  and  darker. 

Although  I  have  kept  separate  the  synonymy  of  S.  laritgata 
froiu  New  Zealand,  I  must  say  that  1  have  not  Invn  able  to 
satisfy  myaelf  that  it  is  different  from  S.  rAi/ncAyfuf  of  tho  Australian 
continent.  According  to  Mr.  Gould  the  New  Zealand  male  bird 
ha«  much  more  white  on  the  sides  of  the  lower  neck  and  breast. 
I  hare  seen  Australian  birds  which  have  as  much  white  on 
the  fiidea  of  the  neck  and  breast  as  the  New  Zealand  ones;  and 
knowing  how  much  tlic  extension  of  the  white  un  the  neck  varies 


in  the  male  of  S.  dypeaia  according  to  age,  I  am  indiiied  to 
oonaider  the  Aastralian  and  New  Zealand  forms  as  spedfically 
identicaL 

H<A.  AoBtralia,  Taamaoia,  and  New  Zealand. 


a.  rf  imm.  at 

Australia. 

Pmchaead. 

6.e.cJad..k. 
I  e  imm.  tk. 

Australia  P 

Gould  UolL 

Australia. 

II.  J.  Elwea,  En.  [P.]. 
Sir  D.  Cooper  [P.]. 
F.  D.  Qodman,  Esq. 

fP.). 
Ail^ti^    Museum 

e-cfod-ak. 
/,?,A.<J$imm.ek. 

Austnlia. 

Australia. 

1,*.  (JSad.8t 

N.  S.  Wales. 

[P.]. 

I  Sad.  A. 

N.  S.  Wales. 

Hume  CoU. 

ffl.  (J  imm.  at. 

S.  Australia. 

Sir  G.  Grey  [P.l 
Hume  Coll. 

n.  cJ  ad.  sk. 

Tasmania. 

0.  JuT.ak. 

Near  Hobart  Town,  Tas- 

Gould GolL 

mania,  Nor. 

j>.  (J  imm.  ak. 

New  Zealand. 

P.  Earl,  Esq.  [P.]. 

J.  rfad.riL 

New  Zealand. 

aptsto£c»[p.]- 

fIVpeof  5 

r,*.  9ad.  etcf 

Cook's  Stwita, 

NeVZea- 

imm.Bk. 

land. 

3.  Spatula  platalea. 
IVito  esp&tula,  ..4iara,^j>unt.  iii,  p.  42r,n.  431  (Buenos  Ayree)  (1806), 

Anas  pUlalao,  F^I.  JV.  i).  t.  p.  157  (1816) ;  id.  £We.  JUM.  i.  p.  857 
(1823) ;  Burnt.  La  Ttata-Beue,  ii.  p.  617  (Paraofi  and  Buenos 
AtmsJ  (1861) ;  Schleg.  Mm.  P.-B.,  Aneeres,  p.  85  (1866) ;  GW. 
Thti.  Om.  i.  p.  360  (1872). 

Spalulft  iilntalen,  lUiie,  Jm,  \8-X,  p.  080 ;  JinrH.  hul  Azar.  Apunt. 

"      —  ■  -    -■  .p.z.s-'"'     "■-" 


37.   BPATlTLi. 


317 


JVounurinw,  1853,  p.  S?2;  I%tt.  ^  Landb.  Cat.  Av.  Chii.  p.  43 
(1868);   Waughi(tatastf,AH.SiK.  &.  CAiV.  iv.  p.  Unix  (PeBa- 
floreB)  (1894). 
Rbynchftspis  macnlatB,  Bartl.  Verz.  Get.  Mu*.j,.  120  (1844). 
Spatula  rhynchoti^,  piirt.,  O.  R.  Gr.  Lilt  B.  Brit.  Mu».  iii.  p.  140, 

Bp«aiii.A<1844):  id.  Gen.  5.  iii.  p.  018,  n.  3  (part.)  (1845). 
Dafils  cssiiMopiilB,  ItchtU,.  Sm.  Av.,  NatAtorw,  t.li.  (8»]  t  180 

(1846). 
Dafik  cwsioscdpukta,  Bibra,  Datktchr.  Ak.  Wien,  r.  p.  131  (Chili) 

(1863) ;  id.  J.f.  O.  1&G5,  p.  57. 
BhTncbaspis   meiicana,   Licht.   {nm    Gm.)    Nomend.   At.   p.    102 

(Monterideo,  Chili)  (1854). 
RhynchMpb  plstalea.  By.  C<>m}it.  Send,  sliii.  n,  650,  n.  83  (1866). 
Sptitula  maculAtiu,  Oould,  P.  Z.  S.  1606,  p.  »&  (I'eni  P,  BoliviAf): 

E^.  SsfM.  Anal.  p.  e9  (1860). 

Spatula  (RhynehaEpb)  macuIflU,  Peh.  Beu.  yovara,   Vog.  p.  130 

(Chili)  (1805). 

Advit  maU.  General  plQmagereddiBh,thickly  spotted  with  black; 

I   he&d  and  neck  light  nifeHcent,  minutely  dotted  vith  black,  chin 

I-   almoat  inimaoulate  ;  crown  black,  with  pale  edc;cB  to  the  fcuthora  ; 

'  che«t  and  abdomen  cheatoat ;  shorter  soapularB  reddish,  with  black 

epots  like  the  back ;  lower  back,  rump,  and  npper  tail-covcrta  black, 

with  a  golden  glosa  ;  under  tul-coverte  black;  on  the  lower  flanks. 

ftl  the  base  of  the  tail,  a  wbit«  patch  ;  longer  scapulars  gloesy  black. 

with  a  central  buff  atripc  along  the  middle,  the  Buperior  ones  edged 

with  nifona  :  wing-corerts  light  blue,  the  last  row  white  ot  the  tip, 

forming  a  band  auteriorlj-  to  the  wing-speculum,  which  is  glossy 

green,  with  a  blue  lustre  towards  the  tip  and  on  the  inner  second' 

aries ;   primarr-coverU  and  primaries   greyish  hron'n,  the  latter 

darker  and  with  a  green  lustre  towards  the  tip ;  marginal  under 

wing-covert  grej-ish  brown,  with  a  bine  tinge,  the  remainder  and 

the  aiillam  white ;  tail  greyish  black,  the  outer  feathers  lighter, 

all  broadly  edged  with  whitiah  on  tho  outer  wol>s;  bill  dark,  dmoet 

bt&ckish ;  feet  yellow  ;  irides  white.     Total  length  about  '2Q  inches, 

wing  II,  tail  5 -3,  culmen  2-5,  tarsus  1'4, 

FrmaU.  Very  similar  t-o  the  female  of  S.  elt/jieata,  so  like  that  it 
ia  very  difficult  to  distinguish  it,  except  by  the  bill,  which  is  a  little 
Bhorlet  and  in  dry  skin  of  a  dusky  colour,  while  in  S.  dypeata  il 
become*  yellowish. 

Bah,  Southern  America,  from  the  Falklands  and  Patagonia  to 
Pbth  on  the  West,  and  Paraguay  on  the  East:  possibly  also  Boliria. 


No  locality. 

Tarapaci,  N.  Chili,  Feb. 

Central  Chili. 

Itio  Bueno,  Chili,  Jan, 

Rio  PiUnMquen,  Chili,  Feb. 


H.     Berkeley   James, 

H.    Berlteley    James, 

E«j.  fl>.j. 
II.    Berkdey    James, 

11.    Berkeley     James, 

SalTio'-Godman  Coll. 
H.  J.  Elwee,  Esq.  [P.j. 


Uruguay,  Oct. 
CoDcbitBS,  Bueoos  Ayres 

( W.  H.  lludm>n). 
Moreno,  BueuoaAjreSfHaT. 
Sandy     Point,     Str.     of 

Magellan. 
Falkland  Is.  [LeemU). 


Salvin-Godmau  C 


H.Diiniforf,EBq.[T.]. 
'  ChaUeuger '  Expeo. 


Salvin-Qodman  ColL 


4.  Sp&tola  capensis. 

Bliynclia«pu  capenFJs,  Om'tA,  Cat.  8.  A/r.  Mia.  p.  3a,  no.  322  (1837) 
(descr.  nulla);  Eyt.  Mon.  Anat.  p.  135  (1838);  Smith,  lU.  S. 
Afr.  Zeot.,  Birds,  pi,  98  (1844)  ;  Bp.  Compt.  Send,  iliii.  p.  660, 
n.  84  (1860)  \  Layard,  B.  S.  Afr.  p.  354  (1867) ;  Boc.  Jom.  Ac. 
Sc.Lie6.  1867, _p.  330;  Gum.  JW*,  1868,  p.  50  (Transvaal  and 
Natal) ;  E.  L.  Leyard,  Ibii,  1869,  p.  377  (eKes) ;  Boc.  Jom.  Ac 
Se.  Liab.  1872,  p.  70 ;  Saltad.  P.  Z.  S.  1884,  p.  173  (nolfi). 

Spatula  uljpeata,  part,  6.  R.  Gr.  List  B.  Bnt.  Mu*.  iii.  p.  138, 
Bpecim.j  (Cape)  (18*4). 

Spatula  capensia,  0.  R.  Gr.  Gen.  B.  iii,  p.  618,  n.  3  (1846) ;  EckiA. 
Sun.  Av.,  NatatoKS,  t.  L.  (88)  S.  2Id-230  (1846)  [ex  Smith) ; 
iDe»  Murt,  tn  Lffdivre,  Vou.  Ahys*.,  OU.  p.  172  (1845-18S0)  ; 
OmM,  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  95 ;  iy(,  ^,  Anat.  p.  91  (1869) ;  G.  B. 
Or.  Sand-iitt,  iii,  p.  85,  n.  10679  (1871) ;  Anderu.  B.  Damara 
Land,  p.  341  (1872) ;  Boc.  J.  f.  O.  1876,  p.  294  (Rio  Coroca) : 
Setat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  623 ;  Boc.  Om.  Angoia,  p.  504  (Rio  Coroca) 
(1881) ;  Bull.,  Feild.,  ^  Seid,  Zoolog.  1882,  p.  428  (Natal) ;  Sharpe, 
LayarWa  B.  S.  Afr.  p,  750  (1884) ;  Jrisfr,  Cat.  OM.  B.  p.  48 
(1889). 

Anas  dypeala,  part.,  Schleg.  Mas.  P.-B.,  Anseres,  pp.  33, 34  (epecim. 
from  S.  Africa)  (1866) ;   Gieb.  Thtt.  Om.  i.  p.  348  (part.)  (1872). 

Anas  capensis,  part.,  Gieb.  Thes.  Om.  i.  p.  340  (1872), 

Spatula  smithii,  Hartcrt,  Eat  VogelnmmU.  p.  331,  note  447  (1881). 


Adult  male.  Upper  part  of  the  bond  dark  brown,  with  the  edge* 


3S.  luucoKBnicars.  319 

FrmaU.  Similar  to  the  female  of  S.  clypeata,  but  easily  dlstin- 
(TUuhtibie  hy  the  blue  tinge  of  the  speculum  ;  bcaJdt'a  it  bus  the  tail 
much  darker  brown,  with  irregular  mfeecent  \iaxs  ;  the  bill  in.  Aiy 
skin  is  dark  brown. 

Hah.  South  Africa,  north  to  Angola  on  the  West,  and  TransTaal 
•-•n  the  East ;  according  to  Lefebvre  also  Abysaima,  but  this  locaUtj 
requires  further  proof. 

ShdfcyColl. 
arA.Sniitb[P.].  (Type 

of  epeciee,) 
i'urchused. 
Shelley  CoU. 
Shelley  Coll. 


<•.  ?  ad.  Bt. 
<f.  d"  ad.  dl. 
e.  <5  jnv.  sk. 


Cape  of  (iood  Hope. 
Port  NhIbI  {Ayray 
Riu  CorocB,  Ad)^1b,  Jan. 
{Aitchiela). 


38.  MALACORHTNCHUS.  .j,^^ 

SJaUerahyiKrliUB,  Sw.  Jourri.  Et,;/.lnil.  ii.  uo.  iv. 

p.  IH  (1631) - M.  meoibrBnaeeuB. 

.  Confined  to  AustruHa  and  Tasm.inia. 


Range, 


1.  Kalacorhynchiis  membranaceiu. 


New  Holland  Uuck,  Lath.  Oen.  Syn.,  Suppl.  ii.  n. 
Anas  membransceo,  Lath.  Ind.  Oim.  Sumt.    p.  Ixi 


SQ(lml). 

,.     ,        .       .*(ieoi)! 

JV.  D.  V.  p.  108  (1816) ;  2)um.  Dut.  Sc.  Nat.  vi.  p.  388 

(1817)  i   rieiU.  £nc.  Mith.  i.  p.  a58  (\»-}&);   Oieb.  Thu.  On,.  L 

p.  3S7  (1872). 
Anas  Cwciatft.  Sham.  Jfat.  Mue.  xrii.   pi.  697  (lTfK)-]813) :  Lm. 

7y.<fO™.  p,  632(l8ai). 
Membnnaceoiu  Uiick,  Lath.  Oert.  Hut.  x.  p.  331  (1824). 
RhTDChupia  membmnacea,  Stcpk.  Orm.  Zooi.  xu.  2,  p.  124  (1824). 
Ualacorhynchus  menibranaceuB,  Sw.  Journ.  R.  Jn»l.  ii.  do.  it,  p.  18 

(with   fiif.  of  head)  (1831) ;  G.  R.  Or.  Lit  Om.  B.  p.  74  (1S40) ; 

jfl:  op.  cii.  2oA  ed.  p.  94   (1S41) ;  JIartl.  IVra.  Got.  Mu4.  p.  ISO 

(1844) ;  a.  U.  Or.  lAd  U.  Brit.  Mu*.  iu.  p.  \m  (1*44) :  id.  Gm. 

B.  iii.  p.  eie  (1845) ;  Gould,  B.  Auttr.  \i.  pi.  13  (pL  xfiii.,  184fi) ; 

Meknb.  S^.  Ac,  NaUtorea,  t  88.  £  U344l26  (1S15) ;  O.  JL  Or. 

On.  B.,  App.  p.  28  (184fl) ;  Bfhnl,.   fiy.i.  Av.,  Notatorea,  t  88. 

ff,  2a»3-33  («  Gould)  ( ]«S0) ;  id.  At.  Sya.  Hat.  p.  ii  (1852) ; 

liekt.  N<tmmcl.  Ao.f.lW  (1854) ;  Bp.  Cempt.  Bmd.  xM. p. OoO, 

n.  81   (i8M);    ZuehoM,  J./.   0.   1858,    p.  41   (Lynch  ffiver) ; 

Otnild,  Htmdt.B.  Auj-tr.u.n.372n8lir>);  iiamii.Jbit,  16G6,p.335 

8 "on  Deni«oo) :  Miill.  P.  Z.  S.  1800,  p.  280  (Melboume) ;  G.  B. 
r.  Band-litt,  iii.  p.  85,  n.  10861  (1871)  (avn.  eufod.) ;  Smd. 
MetJL  nat.  Av.  dup.  Tent.  p.  148  (1872);  ^m*.  Pr.  Linn.  Son. 
If.  8.  W.  \.  pp.  1&5,  216.  2IU  (1870) ;  OuUtn.  ^  Ramt.  Aid.  p.  386 

£ilfofCan>«nt«riaJ(IB7fi);  i%/.  B.  v<ia(r.  il  pi.  113  (1877) 
m*.  iV.  Lmn.  Soc.  JVi  S.  W.  ii.  p.  200,  o.  (Wl  (1878) ;  SbW. 
P.  '£.  S.  lt«0,  p.  634 ;  Jiana.  Pr.  Liim.  Sot.  N.  S.  W.  iii,  p.  i58 
(1682);  Salv.  Cat.  B.  Strirki.  Call.  -a.  5.17  (1882);  Ltgm.  Pr.  S. 
Sec.  Taem.  18*1.  p.  244  (Tasmania)  (1887);  Satiu.  fah.  Li*t, 
p.  22,  n.  fl7.1  (1888) ;  North,  Cat.  A'«*t  $  Egg$  Aiatr.  ~ 
llflS»)j  Trittr.  Cat.  CoH.  B.  p.  48  (1880); 
~     ■  I.  Coll.  Smy.  ill  p.  304  (1801). 


■ 

J 


MaUcorhpchus  fascifttus,  Woffl.  Itig,  1882,  p.  1535. 
Malftcorbynclius  membrinaceus,  £yt.  Man.  Anal.  p.  136  (1838)  (S7n> 

emend.);  id.  S^.  Anat.j.  92  (1869). 
MalBcorhfiichua  iodotis,  Leas.  Deicr.  Mamm.  et   Ou.  p.  S46  (^) 

(1847). 
Anas  iodotis,  Leu.  (cf.  Schleg.  Mta.  P.-B..  Anseres,  p.  36), 
Anas  malacorbyncba,  Schleg.  {ntc  Gm.)  Mta.  P.-B.,  Anserea,  p.  36 

(1866). 
MalftCorhvncbuR  maUcarbTiicbus,  HarUrt  (rm  Gm.),  Kal.  Vogel- 

lammLp.  232,  n.  3426  (l891). 

Advli  male.  Crown  greyiah  brown ;  sides  of  tbe  bead  and  chin 
greyiab  wbite  ;  a  patob  on  tbe  aidea  of  the  head,  inclnding  the  eyes, 
and  a  line  from  either  eye  uniting  at  tbe  occiput  and  passing  down 
the  back  of  the  neck,  blackish  brown  ;  an  oblong  mark  of  rose-pink 
immediately  behind  tbe  dark  patch  surronndiug  the  eye ;  neck, 
breast,  and  underparts  greyish  white,  crossed  by  nnmerona  brown 
bars,  narrow  on  the  neck,  broader  on  the  breast  and  flanks,  nearly 
obsolete  on  the  centre  of  the  abdomen  ;  under  tail-coverts  whitish 
buff;  back,  soapnlars,  and  upper  wing-corerta  greyish  brown, 
minutely  dusted  with  lighter  points  ;  rump  and  upper  tail-corerts 
dark  brown,  the  latter  with  a  white  band  at  the  base  ;  secondaries 
with  a  white  band  at  tbe  tip  ;  primaries  dark  brown,  the  shorter 
puea  tipped  with  white ;  under  wing-ooverts  white,  crossed  with 
narrow  brown  bars ;  axillarien  white ;  tail  brown,  the  feathers 
slighUy  lipped  with  white  :  "  irides  dark  reddish  brown  ;  bUl  varies 
from  greenish  grey  to  bluish  olive ;  tip  of  the  lower  mandible 
white ;  tarsi  and  toes  emerald-green  in  some  specimens,  and  yellow- 
tirown  in  others ;  webs  dark  brown  "  (Oould).  Total  length  abont 
17  inches,  wing  7-15,  tail  2-5,  cuhnon  2-5  to  2-65,  tarsus  1-25. 

Female.  Similar  to  the  male,  but  somewhat  smaller ;  according 
to  Eyton  it  wants  the  pink  spot  behind  the  eye,  but  1  have  found 


1.  KannfLTonetta  angottirostrii. 

AnM  ftognstirostris,  M^n^tr.  Cat.  Hau.  tiiue.  p.  58,  n.  205  (LfQkorAn) 
(1833);  Lot.  Conpl.  lie  liuf.,  Oil. -JtAt^i.  p.  722  [ISS^iiE.J^B. 
If'irMtk.  Eur.  p.  Ixiiv  (Auiiiiirk.)  (1S40)  i  SMfff.  Bev.  Crit. 
p.  MJii  (l&H);  B"meyer.  J.  f.  O.  mj3,  B,  p.  a6;  ScAUff.  M«i. 
P.-B.,  Anaores,  p.  &')  (IStiti);  SatUA,  IbU,ld^,ii.ioa  (I'^ttuf&Ui 
HJkarpe  *  Dreu.  B.  of  Eur.  vi.  p.  47«,  pi.  423  (pt.  13,  1873) ;  OM. 
Thes.  Om.  i.  p.  844  (1873) ;  Wriffit,  iSu,  1874,  p.  22tt  (Mftltn) ; 
Jrby,  Om.  Str.  Oibr._n.  199  (1875)  (Morocco) ;  Gk™.  Sam^ai  of 
I  yalural.  p.  ±i«  (Egypl)  (1876);   BUuif.  Bad.  Pert.  ii.  p.  r" 

"'     ■• " •  ■'■  w);  &■«, 

of  FaUst. 
p.  Hi)  (P^le^tine  luid  Ejfvpl)  (1<^B4);  TaO-'lbU,  1887,  p.  .t'U 
(rortug*!);  Kotnig,  J.f.  O.  I*W,  p.  286  (Tuiuh):  Plake,  Jlrv. 
Turkest.  Oriiu,  p.  55  (TixrbinM)  (1388);  GuUtern.  IbU,  \>i'*i>, 
p.  216;  Lilf.  ibid.  p.  a45  (Cyprus);  TriHr.  Cat.  CoU.  A  p.  49 
(1880)  i  Ecawi,  liU,  18»1,  p.  72  (incubntion) ;  IfarHtrC,  Kat.  Vogtl- 
aammL  p.  230  (18(11);  AiAa,  Orn.  JoArA.  iii.  p.  2t)0  (Boliewia) 
(I89i) ;  Selat.  P.  Z.  S.  1893.  p.  77U  (8p»io,  Zool.  Gwd.). 

Aiiu  (FuliKuIn)  W'lrmoraUk,  7'eHi»i.  a^«l  O^Mld,  B.  <^ Eur.  v.  pi.  373 
lpt.ii.,  183— f). 

Aou  mtinnorata,  CtniM,  P.Z.S.  1636,  p.  59  (X.  A&ica);  Ttnwt. 
Mam.  ifOrn.  2ai  ed.  iv.  p.  544  (Sanlinia)  (1840) ;  H'enter,  AtUu^, 
PHlmipddes,  pi.  403  (!»—?] ;  E.^  B.  WirbelUt.  Ear.  p.  \xxxv 
(Aunierk.)  (1840);  Qira,  Orn.  Sarda,  p.  100  (Sardinia)  (IU2}; 
Buery,  J.  f.  O.  1657,  p.  123  (Aluvna) ;  Bulle,  Had.  p.  348 
(CMurieB,  breedinit) ;  iVuyt,  Ibit,  I860,  p.  3o3  (loaiMi  I. ;  TunU) ; 
Tmtr.  ibid.  p.  372  \  id.  P.  Z.  8.  18li4,  p.  453  (Palestiae) ;  Bnu;  B. 
rif  Eur.  iv.  p.  156,  with  pUls  (1867)  ;  Triiti:  I6i»,  1868,  p.  328 
(EUeadne) ;  Suund.  Ibii,  18W,  p.  171  (Spain),  1871,  p.  3U6  (fi. 
Spain);  Uumr,  IbU,  1872,  p.  4»8  (Sciude);  -Brooke,  Ibii,  1873, 
p.  343;  Don/.  ^  Hamus-Broum,  Ibii,  1876,  p.  430;  Seeb.  Ibii, 
1883,  p.  220  (Astrakwi) :  ?  Chajiin.  Ibit,  18(i4,  p.  90  (Sp«D  I ; 
B^ifer,  Vtrh.  x.-b.  Gel.  Wien,  xl.  p.  4  (HunwoviDB)  (1800);  id. 
Om.  Jahrb.  i.  pp.  108,  109,  Tsf.  i.  (1890). 

Ihililji  nuumontn,  Ei/l.  Man.  Anat.  p,  114  (18.38) ;  Bp.  Cvmp.  Li»t, 
p.  56,  n.  410  (1838) ;  id.  Sjfn.  Anat.  p.  66  (18U)). 

Qautquedulft  aiiguftirodtriB,  Bp.  Contp.  Li*t,  p.  67,  D.  415  (lB-18) ; 
Durasio.  Uec.  Lig.  p.  70  (Sftrdinia)  (1840);  Bp.  Iom.  Faun. 
Ittd.  i.  Uee.  t»y.  47.  tl,  2,  Intnd.  p.  17(1841);  id.  Atti  Xmfi. 
Se.  IfaL  FirtKe,  1A||,  p,  317;  id.  Cat.  Mel.  Obe.  Eur.  p.  71, 
n.  435  (1842) ;  id.  liit,  1843,  pp.  403,  404 ;  O.  B.  Gr.  Geii.  B., 
App.  p.  28  (1848) ;  Degl.  Ora.  Eur.  p.  435,  sp,  467  (1840) ;  Bp. 
lice.  O-ri.  pp.  104,  103  (1850) ;  Ikhnb.  St/n.  As.,  Natatofas,  t.  00. 
B.  2341^3  (w  Bp.),  t.  91.  r.  2(162  {ex  Gould)  (1850);  Vidal, 
Man.  d.  Madr.  Ac.  1851,  p.  196  (Spftin);  Brthm,  Voijdf.  p.  S7-J 
(1«S6);  BoOe,  J.f.  0.  1866,  p.  314  (Spain);  Salcad.  Cat  Vce. 
Sard.  p.  106  (18G4)  x  id.  J.f.  O.  1866,  p,  323;  Cora,  Onerv.  Col. 
Uec.  Sard.  p.  121  (1866);  Dn^.  ^  Grrbe,  Om.  Eur.  li.  p.  638 
(1867);  IhdeTl.Apff.Sieii.eMod.p.2liinmi}:  Etn/ei ^ Bueid. 
Ibii.  1870,  p.  340  (AlUnU) ;  Hume,  Sir.  fiaU,.  l  p.  S62  (Stndh) 
(1873);  Anderi.  Str.  Fealh.  iil  p.  273  (Uoab,  Oudh)  (1876): 
Sajti,  Om.  Ital.  iii.  p.  .'i0(l8ru) ;  Hume^Martk.  Game  B.  of  Jnd. 
iii.  p.  237,  pi.  31  (18S0) ;  lUid,  Str.  Fealh.  i.  p.  Si  (Luoknow) 
{1881)  i  C.  Stoin*.  Ibii,  18S2,  p.  124 ;  Areealo,  Al^  de  EipaOtt, 
Tot.  xxTO.  r 


/./.  O.  187( 


p.  366  (1887);  «ilM(f.nM,18B8,p.S33;  Skarpi,  Tr,  Zin.  8oc 
(a)&o/.v.  p.92<1889j. 
U armuoDetU  uigastiTDStric,  Selmb.  A  v.  %rf.  A'of .  p.  iz  (1868) ;  2^. 
a»np(.  Anuf.  iliii.  p.  660,  a.  Ill  (183«):  XorJb-,  Qi(.  JfaMa.  <4 
Oi*.  Alfftr.  p.  142  (Algeria)  (l&5e);  &i/RnI.  Awi.  ifitel,  (Tiw. 
p.  263  (1872) ;   Selat.  P.  Z.  8.   1860,  p.  5^;  Giffl.  Iba,  1881, 

S2U  (IuIt)  ;  id.  B.  Ucc.  Ital.  p.  67,  n.  Z-2R  (1881) ;  &Jv.  CU. 
.  Stricld.  a>il.  p.  5S4  (1882) ;  Oigl.  Anf.  Ital.  p.  30O  (1686) ; 
Salraii.  B.  Urr.  Itat.f.  262  (1886) ;  SL  Join,  Ibu,  188B,  p.  179 
( A^haniatui) ;  Gigl.  Primo  Jtaoe.  JtteA.  Orn.  Ital.  i.  p.  477  (188a) ; 
Carruedo,  Boll.  Soe.  Bom.  ».  pp.  1-14  (1693);  Oigl.  leom.  Am. 
Ital.  fuc  lii.  ap.  ft  tev.  356  (1883) ;  Koeniff,  J.f.  0.  1693,  p.  96. 
Tprift,  Unggr  w.  Eoticky,  Die  Ituel  C^pent  (1865)  ;  A.  Mill 
i.  1879,  p.  392,  n.  106 ;  cf.  Oit.  1888,  p,  S46. 
MamonettB  sngiuljroatiu,  Mart.  J.f.  O.  1868,  p.  67 ;  Suttda.  If  elk. 
not.  An.  ditp.  Tent.  p.  147  (1872) ;  Bogdan.  Bird*  t^tht  Onic  (in 
HusdAn),  p.  173  (1679)  ;  id.  Mamm.  ^  B.  of  Midiile  and  Lower 
Volffa  (in  KuMiftD),  p.  149  (18—  ?) :  fci.  Badde,  Omu  Qmeat. 
p.  466). 

CbAulefumui  uiguetirostm,  Seuol.  Orn.  N.O.-Afr.  u.  1,  p.  1339 
(1873),  ii.  3,  p.  cc  (lS73):  id.  J.f.  O.  1874,  p.  64;  Btam.-Str. 
Feath.  Tii.  pp.  493,  623  (Lower  Bengal)  (1679),  viii.  p.  116, 
D.  961  Hi  (1B79) ;  id.  Halt  ^  Bggt  Itid.  B.  (Oatei'ed.],  ui.  p.3Ul 
(1890). 

Quetqnediila  msrmorata,  Drem.  P.  Z.  S.  1872,  p.  60n  (m^  SeTille). 

UhauTiodet  augiutiiostris,  Badde,  Omit  Caueet.  p  466  (1664). 

Harblfl  Duck,  JHcLeod,  Str.  FealA.  z.  p.  168  (Fiiou,  IndoB  Valler) 
(1881). 

Mubled  Teal,  Hume,  Str.  Feath.i.v.  174  (Ounraoo)  (1881). 

Uarmaronetta  nutrmorato.  Blot.  Ver.  f.  NtUumri**.  (BramteiiD. 
Tofftil.  14.  3.  94)  (Lech,  near  Munich) ;  cf.  Ibii,  1694,  v.  453 ; 

Scht.  aid. 


323 

geDeraHy  all  the  markings  and  tiots  duller  aad  less  conspicuous ; 
the  occipital  c^^t  shorter.     Total  length  16'!>  to  17*5  inches. 

Young.  Similar  to  the  female,  but  oil  the  markings  and  tints  slUl 
duller ;  the  lower  parts  almost  uniform  dull  pale  (p^yiah. 

Hah.  From  the  Canaries,  Portugal,  and  Spain,  through  Northern 
Africa,  Palesttna,  Persia,  and  Cnucaaua  to  India ;  apparently  also  in 
the  SeycbeUee;  it  atr^glea  into  Southern  Europe,  and  also  into 


/.  (f  iid.«lc. 
f.  Skofeton. 
m',  e'.  StenWpWith 

•bouliI«T-girdlfli. 
le',  r'.  Uletna,  with 

•houlder-girdles, 
^,  I*.  Tnchete. 


Iburope.l 

Santa  Olayo,  Seville,  SpaJD, 

Ma;. 
Near   SeriUe,   Spain,   Nov. 

{ff.  SauHtifn). 
Mai„ga,  Sfwin,  S«pt.  {B.  3.). 
Morucco. 


SejoLelles,  April. 
Mesopotamw  (Cnmm.  Joneg). 
Mesopotamia  (Comtn,  Janet). 
Bahrlnn  (Camm.  Jonti), 
Bagdad. 

Bala  Mor);hnb  (Aitchi»on). 

Eaodahar,  March. 

Sindli. 

Uamnl  Mehur,  Upper  Siadh, 

Jan.  (A.  O.  a.). 
Dosulle,  Upper  Sicdh,  Jan. 

(A.  0.  it.). 
Guvbee  Dehra,  Upper  Sindh, 

Jan.  (A.  0.  EX 
Itore«  District,  Upper  Sindh, 

Jan.  {A.  0.  U.). 
The   Gag,    Sehwan,  Sindh, 

Jan.  {A.  O.  U.). 
Karachi,  Sept.  (£.  A.  But- 

Ur). 
Sanilee,    Match    (vl.    An' 

Guriraon,'    April    ( »".    N. 

CAiU)- 
Calcutta,  Dec.  (A.  O.  B.). 
Speciiuea  in  couBneraeal. 
Algeria. 


PuTcbaaed. 

II.    Sauodeia,    Esq. 

[C.].  ^ 

SheUey  Coll. 


Shellev  CoU. 
Euphrales  Eip.  [C.]. 
In^a  Museum  [P. I 
India  Museum  [P.], 
Kenneth  Loftus,  E«q. 

[!•■]■ 
Arghau  DHltmilation 

Comm.£P,J. 
Lt.-Col.    Swmhoe 

Hume"Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 

Hume  Coll. 

Hume  CoU. 

Hume  CoU. 

Hume  Coll, 

Hume  Coll. 

Seebohm  Colh 

Hume  Coil. 

Ilnrae  Coll. 
Lord  LUtord  [P.], 


40.  BTICTOHITTA*.  .^^^ 

SGetoMMa,  Jtelmb.  Av.  S^it.  Nat.  f,  ix  Cieea) 6.omnm. 

Satyi.  Confined  to  Adstxslia. 

1.  Stictonttte  niBTOM. 

Anu  ]UBT(w&,  Oouid,  P.  Z.  S.  1840,  p.  177  (W.  Aiutnlu) ;  id.  B. 
AuUr.  Til.  pi.  10  (pt  T.,  1841) ;  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  19S; 
SMtff.  Mut.  P.-B.,  Anaerei,  p.  63  (1666);  MiUL  P.  Z.  S.  186^ 
p.  280;  Gieb.  Thei.  On.  i.  p.  368  (]872)  (Chinal);  Jtamt.  Pr. 
Zmn,  Soe.  If.  S.  W.  i.  pp.  196,  216,  219  (1876) ;  Bdaae.  Ont. 
CmiralU.  1882,  p.  19. 

TndoniB  DBTOM,  G.  R.  Gr.Lut  B.  Brit.  Mum.  ui.  p.  132  (1844) ;  id. 
Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  613,  d.  S  (1846) ;  Schnb.  Sgn.  Av.,  N&talorea,  t  98. 
f.  431  {u  Oould)  (1846). 

Stictonetu  nSTOM,  Bdmb.  Av.  8y*t.  Sat.  p.  ix  (1862) ;  Bp.  Compt. 
Bend,  iliii.  p.  649,  n.  79  (1866)  ;  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  192  ; 
Qotdd,  Handh.  B.  Avatr.  ii.  p.  8U7  (1866) ;  G.  R.Gt.  Smd-lat, 
iii.  p.  80,  n.  10620  (1871 ) ;  Jtarru.  Pr.  Liim.  Soe.  X.  S.  W.  ii.  p.  200, 
D.  666  (1878),  iii  p.  164  (trachea)  (1878);  Selat.  P.Z.8.  1880, 
p.  613;  Morton,  Pr.  R.  Soc.   Tarn.  1884,  p.  Ititi  (TBunenia) 


(cf.  nU,  1884,  p.  472)  (1886);  Z™e,  iV.  i 

p.  244  (Twrnuiift)  (1887);  Bam*.  Tab.  Li*t,  p.  2_,  _    .  . 

ifurth,  Cat  Ne$U  ^  Eggi  Auatr.  B.  p.  340  (1680) ;  TriWr.   Cat. 


CoU.  B.  p.  60  (1869) ;  HarUrt,  Kat.  Vogtbanml.  p.  S28  (1891) ; 
SaHing,  Una,  1894,  p.  297  (Gippeluid). 
AdvU.  The  whole  of  the  plumage  is  dark  brown,  blacker  on  the 
aDterior  part  of  the  head,  miniitely  firecUed  and  spotted  with 
lireipilaT  ofaloDg  marks  or  bars  of  white,  tinged  with  baffisb  on 
the  npper  parts;  the  under  surface  the  same,  but  whiter,  the 
gronnd'Colonr  being  white,  and  the  (k^ddce  and  bars  brovn  ;  under 
tail-coverts  almost  regularly  barred  with  brown;  wings  without 
speculum ;   primaries  plain  brown ;    seoondarieB  spotted  like   the 


41.  HETEBOSErfi.  325 

41.  HETESOHETTA.  __ 

Hatemnetta,  Satead.  AUi Soc.  Ital.  Sc.  Hal.  viii.p.  574 

(1865)    H.  atricapilla. 

Bamjt,  ConGned  to  the  Bouthern  part  of  South  Amarico. 


1.  Heteronetta  atricapUla. 

VUo  Cftben  nagra,  Aiara,  Ammt.  iii.  p.  447,  □.  4^  (ISOJi). 
CHtmrd  K  t^tt:  noire,  Atara,  Vog.  (Sonn.  ed.)  iv,  p.  347  (1800) ;  Wted, 

Beitr.  iv,  p.  932  (1832), 
Anu  melanocPphaK    VUiU.  (nee  Om.)  N.  D.  v.  p.  163  (1816}  (ftr 

Atara) ;  id.  Ene.  MHh.  i.   p.  354   (1823) ;  G.  R.  Or.  Orn.  B.  iii. 

SeiH,  n.  18  ( 1844) ;  HarU.  Ind.  Aiar.  Apunt.  p.  38,  a.  43U  (1847) ; 
p.  Con^.  Rettd.  llui.  p.  649,  n.  78  (1856) ;  Catt.  U.S.  Ailmn, 

Exp.  ii.  p.  302,  pi.  xx\.  (1S50) :  Burm.  Sf/gt.  Ueb.   T%ier.  Br/a. 

in.  p.  439  (note)  tl866) ;  Pelz.  JUite  Nocara,  Vim.  p.  138  (Chili) 

(1866) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  8.  1867,  p.  335  (Chili)  i  PhU.  ^  Landb.  Cat. 

Av.   aa.   p.  43   (1808)!    Feb.   Om.  Brat.  pp.  320  (not«),  459 

(1870)  i  Oied.  Tht».  Om.  i.  p.  356  (1872) ;  Bwm.  P.  Z.  S.  1S72, 

p.  370;  iSclal.  ^  Sale,  yomend.  Ae.  Ntotrop.  p.  129  (1873); 

Zturnf.  Ibu,  1878,  p.  64  (Buenoa  Ayrea). 
Aoaa  atric&pitU,  Merrem,  in  Eraeh  u.  Grub.  Ene.  MCt.  1,  vol.  zxxv. 

p.  26  (1841). 
Anu  nigricepa,  Lieht.  in  Mas.  BeroL;  id.  Natneiicl.  Ae.  p.  101 

(Montevideo)  (185J). 
Hetetonetta  melanocepbaU,  Satrad.  Atti  Sot.  Hal.  Se.  Nat.   viii, 

p.  674  (1865) ;   id.  J.f.  O.  1870,  p.  67;  G.  R.  Gr.  Band-iist,  iii. 

p.  83,  n.  106.55  (1871);  Sdat.  ^  Sak.  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  383;  &ii/. 

P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  rm ;  id.  Arytnt.  Om.  ii.  p.  130  (1889) ;  Hoitand, 

Ibii,  1891,  p.  19  (ArgentiDa),  1893,  p.  200;  Berktl  Jataet,  ^nc 

Litt  Cha.  S.  p.  9,  n.  149  (1892). 
Fuligula  meluiocephBla,  SeAltff.  Xui.  P.-B.,  Aaseres,  p.  32  I1S66). 
Nyroca  meUuiocephnU,  Eift.  Sj/n.  Anat.  _p.  1 18  (Chili)  (1869). 
FuliguU  nifTOceiia,  "  VieiU."  Eyt.  I.  e.  m  the  n/noni/my. 

Adult.  Head  and  upper  port  of  the  neck  black ;  chin  white ; 
back  or  upper  parta  bluckiah  brown,  minntely  verraioulated  with 
pale  rufous;  Iwlow  dirty  whitish,  hot  the  base  of  the  feutheta 
duaky  brown;  aidce.  Aaiiks,  and  under  t^l-coverts  rufoun  brown, 
freckled  with  blackish  ;  uo  wing-apecnlum,  the  tips  of  the  greater 
coverts  white,  a  white  band  at  the  tip  of  the  secondaries ;  alao  the 
shorter  primaries  edged  with  white  at  the  tip  ;  primaries  and  tail- 
fMthetB  blackish ;  under  wing-coverts,  except  the  greater  which 
are  grey,  and  axUlaries  whit« :  "  hill  blockish,  with  a  basal  spot  on 
each  aide  Beeh-colour ;  feet  homy  brown  "  (Sclater).  Total  length 
about  14-5  inches,  wing  7,  tiul  2-3,  oulmen  1*75,  tarsos  1-12. 

Female.  "  Similar,  but  the  bead  like  the  hack,  obeeka  brown, 
freckled  with  black,  and  throat  and  auperoiliory  stripe  whitish " 
(^Srlater) :  "  upper  mandible  dark  bom,  side  base  with  a  tii^e  of 
nJlowish  red  ;  lege  and  feet  pale  slat«,  webs  darker ;  iridea  wood- 
brawn  "  (Damford). 


li.  Bio  Grande  do  Sul  {Wud);  Urugaay,  Ai^entina,  and 


«.  $  ad.  e 


AlTear,  Buenoa  Ayi^,  Sept. 


h,  e.  ij  ^  ad.  ak,'  Kfentlout,  Argentine  Republic 

(E.  C.  Seed). 

d,  c.  <f  $  ad.Bk.  Mendout,  Feb.  (H^ouwknfrf). 

/.  $  ed.  ak.  MeDdoio,  Feb. 

y.  (J  ad.  Bt  Cbili. 

A.  $  ad.  Bt.  Ohili. 

t,  it.  (f  $  ad.  ak.  Sontiafro,  Cbili  (Le^old). 

^  m.  (f  S  ad.  sk.  Bio  Filmaiqaen,  Cbili,  Feb. 


H.  Suinibrd,  Esq. 

[P.], 
Ptuchaaed. 

SalviD-Godman  Coll. 
H.J.Elwe« 
E.  Wilson,! 
PuTcbaMtd. 
SalTio-Qodnian  CoU. 
H.  Berkelej  Jamea, 
E-q.[P.]. 


^^K 


Sobfamily  VIII.   FULIGULIN.^. 

Key  to  At  Gennv, 

I.  Primaries  not  nniform  dark  brown,  ae 
blackiali,  but  paitlT  wbitiab,  iritb  tbe  tip 
brown ;  the  nrat  tnree  or  four  primariea 
brown  also  on  the  outer  web ;  bUl  rather 
long,  broad,  and  flat. 
a'.  Indentatjona  of  the  upper  mandible 
prominent;    head    of   the   mrde  tuRy 

crested 42.  NnTA,p.S27. 

('.  Indentatjong  of  tbe  upper  mandible  not 
prominent. 
b".  Bill  gibbous  at  Uie  base;  outline  of 
loral  featbering  straight,  and  inclined 
backwarda j.^.  Mktopiana,  t 


42.  HETTi.  327 

edges  of  the  upper  mandible 
not  bent  inwardly;  males  with 
a  glossy  head,  females  with  a 

brown  head 47.  Clanoula,  p.  376. 

«'.  Central  tail-feathers  of  the 
male  very  long  and  pointed ; 
edges  of  the  upper  mandible 

partly  bent  inwardly 48.  Harelda,  p.  388. 

e*.  Head    smooth,    not     distinctly 
crested  ;     bill    conical,    almost 

tapering  to  a  point 49.  Cosmonktta,  p.  394, 

c'".  General    plumage   of   males  deep 
black,    of    the    females    greyish 

brown,  but  not  barred 50.  (Edemia,  p.  399. 

e".  Some  patches  of  stiff  feathers  on  the 
head  of  the  males. 
/'".  Upper  mandible  fringed   with   a 
sott  skin  towards  the  tip ;  lower 
mandible  with  apical  portion  flat  [p.  410. 

and  spatulated    51.  Camptoljemus, 

g'".  Upper  mandible  not  fringed  with 

a  soft  skin  towards  the  tip ;  bill 

rather  narrow  and  pointed  ;  ttTtials 

more  or  less  falcHte,  Hspecially  in 

the  males;    females  bajred   with 

rufous  and  black. 

ff*.  Edges  of   ui)per    mandible   bent 

inwardly ;  lower  mandible  with 

the  apical  portion  flat  and  almost 

spatulated;  male  and  female  with  [p.  418. 

a  metallic  speculum 6'2.  Heniconetta, 

h\  Edges  of  upper  mandible  not  bent 
inwardly. 
^*.  Feathering  of  forehead  contin- 
uous with  that  of  lores,  and  ad- 
vancing quite  to  the  nostrils  ; 
a  pad  of  feathers  encircling  the 

eyes 53.  Abctonetta,  p.  422. 

P.  Feathering  of  forehead  sepa- 
rated from  that  of  lores  by  the 
interposition  on  each  side  of  a 
more  or  less  extensive  naked 
angle ;  no  pad  of  feathers 
encircling  the  eyes 54.  Somatehia,  p.  423. 


42.  NETTA.  ^ypc. 

Branta,  Boiey  IsiSf  1822,  p.  564  (nee  Scop,  1769,  neque 

Oken,  1815)    N.  rufina. 

NettA,  Kaup,  Natiirl.  Synt.  p.  102  (1829)   N.  rutina. 

Callichen,  ^rtf^m,  /«m,  18.J0,  p.  999  ;  id.  Handb.  Naturg, 

Vdg,DtutKhL^.^>\{\^\)    N.  rufina, 

Mergoides,  Eyt.  Cat,  Brit,  B,  p.  57  (1836)    N.  rutina. 

Range,  From  the  Basin  of  the  Mediterranean  to  Turkestan  and 
Northern  India. 


1.  HfltUmflna. 
Anna  fiatiitarii>  cristntft.  Britt.  Or*,  vi.  p.  396  (1760). 
Anas  nitiiia,  PaU.  Beiu,  ii.  App.  p.  713,  u.  2S  (1773);  id.  BpkO. 

germaa.  ri.  tab.  6  (rf   &   J);    Om.  S.  N.  i.  2,  p.  611,  n.  118 

(1788)  1  Lath.  Ind.   Om.  ii.  p.  670,  u.  94  (1790) ;   Bmm.  Ene. 

Mith.  i.  p.   128  (1790);  Pail.  Zooffr.  So»t9-Ai.  ii.  p.  26S,  Ub. 

luil.(1811)i  rnmn.  Man.  <rOrn.  p.  G60  (1816)  {  ViaU.N.D.y. 

p.  164  (1816);  Dum.  Diet  Sc.  Nat.  ri.  p.  367  (1817);   Ttmm. 

Man.  2ai  ed.  ii.  p.  864  (1820) ;  ImU.  Ven.  DntU.  p.  86  (182S) ; 

Smtz.  El.  di  Zocl.  iii.  pt.  9,  p.  lae  (1826) ;   YamU,  Tr.  Lim.  Soe. 

IT.  2,  pp.  387, 391,  tab.  XT.  f.  e  (trachea)  (1827) ;  !>«.  TV.  dTOm. 

p.632(1831);3fAiAr.CW.£au.C!in<c.p.67(BBkou)(1832);  Temm. 

Man.  d'Orn.  2nd  ed.  iv.  p.  ^U  (1840) ;  Schbff.  JUv.  OHL  p.  cxxi 

(1844) ;  Xaum.  Vag.  DaiUM.  lii.  p.  7,  Taf.  307  (1844) ;  Brtkm, 

J.f.  0.  1854,  p.  84  (Egypt);  PUut.  ibid.  p.  380;  MiiU.  J./.  0. 

18^6,  p.  2.12  (Provence) ;  Cotta,  Fauna  Sfg«o  di  Ni^.,  ^ee.  pt.  ii. 

p.S3,  t.xiv.(]8'37);  MimchauKn,  Naumatmia.imi,  m.  299-330; 

Botfe, /./ 0.  1868,  p.  227  (CanariesP)  ;  Tru/r./fc^  1869,  p.l61 ; 

B/at.  in   Jfaum.   Vog.  DeuUM.  ziii.   2,   p.  304  {I860);    Prren, 

J.f.  O.  18U3,  p.  28a  (Mecklenburg) ;  GiA.  Thet.  Ont.  I  p.  361 

(1872). 
Adbb  cinerea,  S.  O.  OmeL  RMtt  Statl.  il  p.  164,  tab.  16  (9) 

(1774). 
Fiscliione  col  ciuffo,  Gerini,  SU>r.  dtgU  Ucc.  v.  toT.  687  (1776). 
Ana«  ruticepB,  I'all.  Vel..  Acad.  Handi.  il.  p.  28  (1779). 
Csnfird  sifflBur  hupp4,  D'Aubmt.  PI.  Ent.  926. 
Siffleur  liuppi.  Buff.  Hitt.  Kat.  Oil.  is.  p.  183(1783). 
Red-cre8t«dDuck,  LatA.  Syn.  ii.  2,  p.  644,  n.  82  (1785). 
Anas  BJuraksD,  De  Brujn,  II.  Moieae.  p.  336,  tab.  d.  182.  f.  D. 
Canard  de  Steller  (errorBl,  Bomi.  Enc.  Mith.  i.  pi.  36.  f.  3  ( rf  &  $ ) 

(1790). 
Briintft   nifinH,  Bott.  Ill's,  1859,   p.   614;    Bp.    Icon.    Faun.   Hal. 

hiU-od.  p.   IT  (IKII);  Bp.   Cat.   MH.    U-x.  Eur.  p.   73  (184^1 

'■    f.  Of.  Li»t  B.  Brit.  Mta.  iji.  p.  142  (1844);  id.  Oct.  B.  r 


Fuligula  rufinn,  Strph.  Gen.  Zooi.  lu.  2.  p.  188.  pi,  M  ( rf  1  (1834) : 


Id,  Om.  Tmc.  iu.  p.  137  (ISaih  Sgke»,  P.  Z.  8.  18S2,  p, 
(X>u]diuo)i  GvhM.  S.Cur.  T.pl.368(183;)i  Jerri.  Madr.  Jo 


109 


xiL  p.  221,  n.  389  I  tSiO) ;  E.^  £.  Wirbeltk.  Eur.  pp.  lix 
S31  (I&IO) ;  Erotr,  P.  Z.  S.  184^.  p.  03 ;  Blytk,  ibid.  p.  94  OnMa.) ; 
BerU.  V«rt.  Oa.  Mm.  p.  130  (1844) :  Lajiard,  Ajm.  j-  May. 
N.  A  xif .  p.  309  [Ce;loD  P|  (1B54) ;  Cotta,  Faun.  IUf».  Nap., 
Ucc.  pt  i.  p.  78  (1857);  Adam*,  P.  Z.  S.  1858,  p.  510  (PunUb) ; 
Tritlr.  Ibu,  1860.  pp.  163,  372  (E.  AlgBria) ;  fij»yi,  Ibii,  1800, 
b  354  (lonUn  I.) ;  Simpma,  Ibis,  ISiiO.  p.  304 :  SdiUg.  Mia. 
P.-B..  Aii»eres.  p.  35  (180(1) ;  Saund.  Ibi».  I8tS9.  p.  3U7  (Sicilv, 
breeding).  1870,  p.  397  (3.  Spwn) :  O.  R  Gr.  Sand-lint,  iii. 
p.  85,  n.  10683  (1871);  TayL  IbU,  1S73,  p.  233  (Crimen);  Dreu. 
J.o/f:ur.  Ti.p.  669.pl.43a  (pt.  xrii.,  1873):  Hfugl.  Ont.  JV.O.- 
Afr.  a.  -2,  p.  1335  (1873);  Seeirfx.  Turkeati  Jeofiln.  p.  70  (1873) ; 
Aew.  Ibit.  1876, p.  431 ;  BlaHf.Eail.  ftr».  p.  301  (187(i) ;  Fnrbei, 
P.  Z.  a.  1877,  p.  312  (bum  F&brLdi) ;  Hume,  Str.  Ftat\.  viii. 
p.  HI,  n.  967  (1379) ;  Ij^ge.  B.  of  (>yL  p.  1087  (note)  (I880I  i 
Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  524  ;  Payne-Gi^aey,  Zoolog.  1881,  p,  143 
(Irdwid) ;  More,  P.  Z.  S.  188L  p.  409  (Ireland) ;  Eidgw.  Btdl. 
U.S.  Sat.  Miu.  DO.  31,  p.  85  (Lomr  Island)  (18S1);  id.  Pr.  U.S. 
yat.  Mum.  x.  p.  23  (ling  laliiad)  (18S1) ;  Allen,  Bull.  Nutt. 
CAtA,  v1.p.  173  (1881);  C  fitrinA.  Am,  1883,  p.  125  (Kvidahor); 
Cutm,  cW-Jwt.  2Qd  «d.  p.  130.  n.  886  (1663);  R-kme.  Om. 
CmtraOd.  I88S,  p.  5  ;  id.  Hy.  tool.  Gart.  p.  46  (1883);  Salv. 
Cat.  B.  Slrickl.  0.0.  p.  637  (1883) ;  B.  O.  U.  Lid  Brit.  B.  p.  133 
(1883) ;  SiM.  JM  Vert.  An.  8ih  ed.  p.  440  (1883) ;  B..  B.,  *  R. 
WaUr-B.  N.  Am.  ii.  p.  15  (1884) ;  Coats,  Key  N.  Am.  B.  3nd 
fA.  p.  7O0  (1884);  Saand.  Farrelti  Hist.  Brit.  S.  iv.  p.  407 
(1SS4-S6)  i  Sceb.  Hint.  Brit.  B.  iii.  p.  m,  pi.  64  (era)  (1885)  ; 
MaqiAeri.  Zoolog.  1886,  p.  489  (yotiag  in  dovm) ;  LUford.  Oil. 
...     ,...„.         ,        (1889):  Tr"  -     "-"■■" 


J^.  Brit.  B.  pt,  I. 


(1889):  fria/r.  Oat.  Coll.  B.  p. 48  (1889); 


(1801);  Oust.  NouB.  Arch,  Ju  Mus.  (3)  vi.   p.  10^  (TurkestAo) 

(1894) ;   Oarke,  Uit,  1894.  p.  549  (Cunorgup). 
PUtypus  rufiniui,  Brrhm,  Lehrb.  Nalurg.  eur.  Vog.  ii.  p.  826  (1824) ; 

PUmkr,  J.f.  0.  1856,  p.  67  (Anhalt). 
Adu  (Fuligiilfl)  ruflnik,  Zeu.  Man.  iPOm.  ii.  p.  415  (1828). 
Keltn  mtliia,  Kaup,  NalHrl.  8i/U.  p.  103  (1829);  Ridgw.  Pr.  U.S. 

Nat.   Mm.  viii.  p.  866  (1885) ;  A.  0.  U.  CAtk-list   N.  Am.  B. 

p.  1  IS,  II.  [145]  (1886) ;  RidgK.  Man.  H.  Am.  B.  p.  100  (1887). 
CkUichen  ntttcepB,  Brekm,  Isis.  1830,  p.  999,  d.  1  (descr.  nulla) ;  id. 

V6j.  Deulsc/d.  p.  923  (1831). 
CsUichoD  rulinuB,  Brehm.  Isis,  XBaO,  p.  909,  n.  2 ;  id.  VSif.  HeutscAl. 

p.  924  (1831);  Bp.   Omp.  Lilt,  p.  58  (18.T8);  id.   Jam.  Faun. 

Jtal  i.  tav.  47.  f.  3  (fuse,  xxx.,  Wl)  :  Bp.   Compt.  Smd.  xliii. 

p. 661,  n,  144  (1856);  Homfy.J.f.  O.  1862,  p. 434  (Baleftriclal.); 

^nsrtz.  J.  f.  0.  1873.  p.  344,  1876.  p.  18-5 ;  Radde,  Omis  Cautas. 

p.  163  (18^):  Salead.Bl.  Cfo.  Aol.  p.  263  (1^80). 
Odliehen  •ubruttnui,  Brekm,  Iti*.  1830,  p.  999,  a,  3  (deacr.  nuIU); 

id.  Fdg.  IkuUcU.  p.  924  (1631). 
Callieben  niicropu^  Brehm,  Ini,  1830,  p.  090,  n.  4  (deaer.  nulla) ; 

id.  Vog.  Dad^M.  p.  926  (1931). 
iFiihp>i^tp..Ss/ke»,P.Z.8.  1833.p.  16g(Dukhu&)  ($P), 
MeranJdM  nifloa,  Egt.  Gil.  Brit.  S.  p.  57  (1836) ;  iii.  Hilt.  Sartr 

Brit.  B.  p.  77  (1836) ;  id.  Si/h.  Anal.  p.  17  (1869). 


Callicheti  nifiimm,  £jrf.  Man.  Anal.  p.  153  {183B). 

AythjK  rnBn*,  MaegiU.  Man.  Brit.  B.  p.  1»1  (1842). 

TadoraA  P  pnoe,  Hodgi.  Oray't  Zool.  Mite.  p.  66,  n.  "" 

CaUieheo  rufewena,  Brekm,  Vope{f.  p.  S79  (1855). 

CUlichen  nifina,  Bp.  Compt.  Bend,  zliii.  p.  6fil,  n.  144  (1866) ; 
Zodie,  Cat.  M.  et  O.  Algtr.  p.  144  (1868) ;  Trittr.  Ibit,  1800,  p.  61 
(N.  Atno.) ;  Simdeji.  Meth.  nat.  Av.  diK>.  Tenl.  p.  148  (1872). 

FiUiguIa  rufidiste,  C.  F.  Daboit,  PL  CoL  Oit.  S^h.  iii.  p.  377 
(1860). 

CaJlicheD  rub  {errore  P),  Siienig,  J.f.  0. 1888,  p.  386  (Tqhu). 

ffybridt. 
Fuligola  nifina  X  Metopiua  pepoMca,  Sebt  P.  Z.  8.  I68Q,p.  S24. 
Branta  rufiiu  d  X  Ansa  boecaag ,  MartonUi,  P. Z.  8.  1601,  p.  489. 

Adult  ffidU.  Head,  tiiroat,  and  sides  of  the  npper  neA  reddish 
chestnut;  the  feathers  on  the  top  of  the  bead  ranch  elongated, 
fonnlog  a  conspicDons  crest  of  a  reddish-bnff  colour ;  back  of  the 
neck  above  and  lower  neck  brown-black,  cbangiug  on  the  breast, 
bell  J,  and  under  tail-coverts  into  glossy  brown ;  back  gieyish  brown, 
darker  on  the  lower  part,  and  changing  into  brown-tdack  on  the 
rump  and  npper  tail-coverte ;  scapulars  pale  brown  ;  wing-coverts 
and  tertialB  greyish,  leoondariee  white,  forming  the  wing-epecnlnm, 
bordered  near  the  tip  by  a  grey-brown  band;  primariM  wbitjah, 
but  the  tips  and  the  outer  webs  of  the  first  five  greyish  brown  ; 
under  wing-coverts  and  asillaries  white,  the  latter  greyish  at  the 
tip ;  edge  of  the  wing  near  the  carpal  joint  white ;  a  white  patch 
almost  hidden  at  the  base  of  the  scapolars ;  sides  and  fianki  white, 
with  an  evanesoent  pinkish  tjnge,  more  or  lees  undulated  with  brown 
lines  anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  the  npper  feathers  brown-olive, 
and  also  the  longer  ones  at  the  tip  ;  at  the  base  of  the  tail  on  the 


42.  RBITA. 


331 


bills  and  eyelids,  by  the  greater  development  of  their  crest,  by  th9 
dtirker  brown  of  the  belly  and  under  tail-ooverls,  and  by  the  redder 
colour  of  the  feet. 

Young  in  down  are  described  by  Baldamus  (J.  f.  0.  1870,  p,  280) 
aM  having  the  upper  parts  dull  olive-grey,  vith  a  buff  spot  od  each 
shoulder,  and  the  underparts  baff;  a  buS  stripe  passes  over  each 
eye,  and  through  the  eye  runs  a  dark  stripe,  which  divides  into  two 
behind  the  eye. 

//ab.  Palxarctic  Region,  from  the  basin  of  the  Medit«rTaDean  to 
the  Black  and  Cnspiaii  Seas,  and  From  there  to  Turkestan  in  summer, 
and  India  in  winter;  accideutal  visitor  in  the  North  of  Europe; 
only  once  in  N.E.  America. 


Great  Britain. 

Milf.ir.1  HrtTen. 

Dulwich  (bom  in  captivity). 

Damiettft,  Egjpt,  Dec.  (FiUp- 

ConBtaQtinople  (7*.  Sobton). 

I^nkoniD. 

Bala  Morghah,  Jan.   (AitcM- 


Eandahar,  March. 
India  (BtagraM). 

B,  Jhcluni,  Sindh,  Nov.  (A. 
:       O.  H.). 

Muncba, Sindh,. Ian.  (A.O.H.). 
Sambhur,  Dec.,  Jaa.,  Feb.  (£. 

M.  Adam), 
Sirza. 

Gurgaon,  Feb.  {A.  O.B.). 
Delhi,  Punjaub,  Jan. 

Etawah,  Jan. 

Kberee  District,  Feb.  {A,  An- 
Fullcbgurh,  Dec  {A.  Ander- 
Oudh,  Dec.,  Jan,,  Feb. 
Oudh. 

Nepal 


Earl  of  Cawdor JT.]. 
K.  Hoffmann,  Esq. 

[P.]. 
Shelley  CoU. 

H.  J.   Elwea,  Esa. 

[P.l.  ^ 

Seebohm  ColL 
A&lian  Delimitation 

Conim.  [PA 
Lt.-Colone!  Swinboe 

[!■•]■ 
India  Museum  [P.]. 
Bwtleti  CoU. 
Col.  Cobb  rp.]. 
Hume  ColL 


Hume  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 


H.  J.  Elwes,  Esq. 
[P.l.  ^ 

Seebohm  CoU. 

Hume  ColL 

CapL    Stftdihouse 

T»in*-ill  [P.]. 
B.  H.  Hodgmu,  Emi. 

[P.]. 
India  Museum  [P.]. 
B.  H.  Hodgson,  Eeq. 


S83 

r.  <f  ad.tk. 


UUTIDX, 

8HubnlponIM«tr.,OaiitnlPTo>    HnnwOoIL' 


e".  <f  imm.  Hk.       Diiupote,  Dec 

d".  <f  ad.  Bk.         HaipuT,  Jan. 

•"./".  9"-  <S  "J.    Calcntto,  Dec.  {A.  0.  ff.). 


',  *".  cJ  ad.  Bk.    LoVnor,  Feb.,  Match  {Piy^ 
".  (f  inun-  Bt.      China. 


m".  Skeleton 
(imperfect). 

n  .  Skeleton 
1,imperfect). 


Nepal. 
Volga. 
EngUnd. 


HdhmCoIL 

HumeCoU. 
Hume  Coll. 

H.  J.  Ehre^  Eh. 

[P.l  ^ 

Seebdliiii  Con. 

J.  B.  Rmvm,  Eaq. 

B.H.HodgM>ti,E«). 

BiandtCdL 


d' 


M.  papowca. 


43.  XETOFUHA. 

Bp.  Gmpt.  Send.  zliu.  p.  648,  gen.  26 
Metopia^^n>i^*A'i>m.  irw.'^^''Oi^p.'347^ 
Bange.  Confined  to  Soath  America. 


1.  Metopiana  pepowea. 

Pato  negrizco  ^a  bianco,  Azara,  Apunt.  iii.  p.  423,  n.  430  (Fam- 

'  fnuY  and  Baeuoa  Avrea)  (1806). 
Anaa  peposaca,    rieill  N.  D.  t.  p.  132  (IBlSt ;,»{.  Sta  JVALi. 
p.  mi  (IW:^.-))  ;  Biirtl.   Verz.  Ges.  JUjam.  p.  119  (lSi4):  id.  Ind. 
Azar.  Apunt.  p.  ^7,  n.  430  (1847) ;  .flurm-  J./  "  """   "    "" 


■^  brownu 


43.  MEiopiiSA.  333 

id.  J.  f.  0.  jess,  p.  67  i  JWt  JJw».  ^otw™,  T'os.  p.  13»  (Chili) 
(ISOS). 
Metouiwia  pepoaftci,   Bp.  Compt.  JUnd.  xliii.   p.  649,  n.  78  (18-50) ; 
Scht.  ^  Saie.  P.  Z.  S.  latta,  p.  IM  (Ooachitas)  i  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S. 
1870,  p.  086,  pL  xxxvii.  (ZuoL  Oard,);  G.  it  Or.  fio«rfJi«(,iiL 

6  87,  n.  lOtieS  (1871)1  flunn.  P.  /.  5.  187l>,  p.  386  (Patagonis, 
UMKM  Ajrea,  Foraui) ;  Oarrod,  P.  Z.  S.  1873,  p.  467  (carotids), 
p.  630  (muscles) ;  SoieU.  if  Satn.  Hvrntncl.  Ac.  yeotnp.  p.  130 
(1873)  i  Salvin,  Ibu,  1874.  p.  SltP ;  Oarrod,  P.  Z.  8.  1875,  pp.  1S4- 
156,  t.  6  (trachea) ;  Setat.  ^  Sah.  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  ^  398 ;  Dun^f. 
IbU.  1876,  p.  183,  \»17,  p.  19:!  (Buenoa  Ajree),  1878,  p.  U5 
(nrat) :  Sriat.  P.  Z  S.  1880,  p.  6i4 ;  White,  P.  Z  S.  1882,  p.  625 
(.^jgvatiaii) ;  ScitU.Liiit  Fml.  An. Slii  ed.  p.  430  (ISSS) ,  Barrowt, 
AtJc,  1884,  p.  374;  Serl.  J./.  0.  18o7,  p.  124  ;  Trittr.  UaL  04L, 
B.  p.  48  11889) ;  Sdat.  ArgmL  Om.  ii.p.  137  (186») ;  Kerr,  IbU, 
18W.  p.  358 ;  ffoUaud,  ibil.  p.  427 ;  UarUrt.  Sat.  Foydiamrat. 
p.  231  (1891);  HoUan'l.  Ibi*,  1802,  pp.  206,  208,  310;  Btrk. 
Jamet,  3>w  LUt  C'hil.  B.  p.  10,  a.  1«1  (1802);  Apiin,  tbit,  1804, 
p.201{Urag»«y). 

FulifuU  p<^pomca,  Sphley.  Mat.  P.-B.,  AuMres,  p.  31  (186C) ;  Selat. 
P.  Z  S.  1867,  pp.  335.  310. 

Helopia«  pepu&ica,  Urine  -i  BtAmc,  Noin.  Ma*.  Hem.  Om,  p.  347 

fft/hrid. 
FiUipila  rufinaxMetopiniiS  peposaca,  &.-kU.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  524  ; 
LeBtrk.  J./.  0. 1890,  p.  2:i5. 

Adult  male.  Above  black,  rery  finely  striated  with  grey  on  the 
back  and  vcapuUrs ;  sides  of  head  and  upper  part  of  neii  with  a 
purple  glosB ;  breutit,  like  the  neck,  Llack ;  abdomea  and  Sanks 
minutely  ¥enniculated  with  pale  grey  and  grB3"'sh  brown ;  under 
tail-ourem  white;  wing«  black  with  a  green  gloas,  edge  of  the 
wing  uod  specolnm  on  the  secondanM  white,  the  Utter  mth  a 
^OMy  binck  band  at  the  tip  ;  primarie«  white  with  the  tips  block, 
the  four  outer  ones  brown-blaek  on  the  outer  web,  and  grey  on  the 
outer  part  of  the  inner  web  ;  anjer  wing-coverts  white,  except  the 
marginal  on ea  which  are  blackish;  uTillaries  white,  vermiculated 
with  grey  near  the  tip ;  tail  browa-hlack.  the  outer  feathers 
greyish ;  bill  roay  red,  with  the  tip  and  nail  black ;  feet  yellow  ; 
iridei  golden  red.  Total  length  about  12  inches,  wing  lU,  tail  3, 
culmon  2' 5,  tarsus  I '6. 

Female.  Head,  neck,  sides  of  the  breast,  and  flanks  nifons-brown  ; 
crown  of  the  head  and  occiput  darker  brown  ;  bank,  Bcupulnrs,  and 
wing-oorerta  dark  brown,  with  an  olive  gloss ;  upper  t:iil-cuvert8 
brown ;  chin  and  throat,  and  also  a  few  feathers  ou  the  side!)  of 
the  head  at  the  base  of  the  npjier  mandible,  white ;  lower  parts 
whitish,  the  base  of  the  feathers  brown  ;  under  tail-ooverts  white ; 
edge  of  the  shoulder  grey  ;  speculum  on  the  secondaries  grey,  with  a 
brown  hand  at  the  tip  :  primnries  brownish  grey,  with  black  tips, 
the  first  three  or  four  blackish  brown  on  the  outer  webs  ;  under 
tfing-eoverts,  like  the  axilluries,  white,  but  the  moi^inal  ones 
brownish  ;  tail  brown  :  ■•  bill  bluish  brown  "  {Kew  Gard.). 


884  '    1X1.TIBX. 

Aaotlm  Bpecimen  in  the  Turin  Uaaenm  hu  tlw  rafiraB-browD 
colour  of  the  head,  neck,  and  sides  of  body  paler,  and  the  whitiah 
of  the  underpartB  tinged  with  oohreoua. 

HtA.  Southern  firajdl,  Pamgua;,  Umguay,  Argentina,  andChilL 

AdmirvlBowkelP.]. 
PuichaaBd. 
Cumiiig  Coll. 


a.  cf  ad.  ik. 

(.  ,S  K^'  "t-  Chili. 

(!-«.  ij  $  ad.atet  Cbili  (7*.  fru^). 

$  Bd^Hk. 

Z',  p.  rf  ad.  et  cJ  ChilL 

jUT.  bL 

A.  cf  ad.  sk.  Cbili. 

i,k.  dS  ad.tk.  Central  ChilL 

/,  m.  ij  $  ad.  ak.  Santiago,  Chili  {LafbolJ). 

n.  2  ad.  ak,  Santiago,  Chili,  Aug. 

o.  (J  juT.  ak.  Rio  mnaiquen.  Chili,  Feb. 

p.  (J  ad.  »k,  UmguAT. 

;,  r.  cj  2  ^-  '^  Moute  Video  (Jokwtim). 


T.  Bridge.,  Ea,.[C.]. 

H.    J.  EIvM,  Esq. 

H.  Berkeley  Jamea, 

SalTiD-Oodman  CoD. 

H.    J.   Elwes,  Eaq, 

[P.].         ^  ^ 

H.  Berkeley  JamM, 

Al^Peel,'^.  [P.l. 
Salvin-Qodman  CuU. 


44.im«)CA.  ^ 

Nywca,  Flem.  iHi'i.  o/  2«>/.  ii.  p.  260  (1823) N.  afiicana. 

Aythia,  Iloie,  Itit.  182-2,  p.  664  (oonien  nudum)    ....  N.  ferina. 

Althya,  Kaup,  NaUirl.  Syd.  p.  99  (1829)    N.  ferina. 

Fuligula,  Sw.  (Mc  5t«pA.)  Oaa.  B.  ii.  p.  368  (1838). .  N.  ferina. 
Aethria,  Agai>.  Nomencl.  Zool.  Ind.  U»w.  p.  42  (1846). 

Marifs,  Jlchnb.  Av.  Sptt.  Nat.  p.  Tiii  (1852)   N.  ferina. 

Aithyia,  Bp.  Com/it.  ke«d.  xliii.  p.  6S1,  gen.  60  (1856). 

ArifltonetU,  ^airrf,  B.  N.  Am.  p.  793  (1868) N.  Tallianeria. 


44.  KTKoci.  335 

6.  Goieral  plumage  brown ;  bend,  except  in   X. 
bam,  wholly  or  partly  tinirud  with  chestnitl, 
espt^ially  in  »dult  males  (Nyroi-a). 
c'.  Lower  breast  and  upper  part  of  the  abdomen 

c".  Head  aod  upper  part  of  Duck  black,  gloesod 
with  green ;  a  chuatnut  patch  on  the 
ftnt«rior  part  of  the  cheeka  near  the  base 

of  the  bill  in  tlie  female iki«n',  p>  344. 

if '.  Head  chestnut,  more  or  le»  bright. 

(T.  A  white  Bpot  on  the  chin    afrieana,  p.  345. 

t'.  No  wbil«  spot  on  the  chin. 

e'.  Breast  of  a  brighter  and  deeper  chest- 
nut; amaller,  wing  T'd  inches    mnolata,  p.  350. 

^,  Breast  of   a   duller  chestnut ;   Larger, 

wing  8-75  inches atutralit,  p.  360: 

i.  Abdomen  duskj ;  upper  part  of  the  bead 
black  ;  sides  nf  the  head  and  of  the  upper 
portion   of  the  neck   deep    chestnut-brovm ;  I  bnmnea,  p.  Slil. 

sides  reddish  brown    , \  natiimi,  p.  3SA. 

{  eiythivjmthalma, 
tp.353. 
1.  Njroca  ferina. 

Penelope,  BrUt.  On,,  vi.  p.  3ftt,  pi.  ixxv.  f.  1  ( rf )  (1760). 

Penelope  nigra.  Brut.  op.  cit.  p.  389  (1760). 

Anaa  ferina,  Linn.  8.  N.  i.  p.  203,  n.  81  (1766)  i  Gw.  9.  N.  i.  2, 

p.  530,  a.  31   (1788) ;  Latk.  lal.  Om.  ii.  p.  862,  n.  77  (1700) ; 

Bom.  Ene.  Mith.  i.  p.  137.  n.  3:1,  pi.  36.  f.  2  (with  rar.  a,  p.  137) 

(1790);  lalh.  Tr.  Ltnn.  Sue.  i».  p.  116,  tab.  ii».  ff.  5,  6  (trachea) 

(1708);  Palt.  Zoogr.  R-ttm-A*.  li.  p.  260  (1811);  Ttmm.  Afan. 

dOm.  p.  fi64  (18151 ;   f'itiU.  N.  D.  v.  p.  12-5  (1816) ;  Omm.  Diet. 

Se.  Nat.  Ti.  p.  373  (1817) ;  Temm.  Man.  2nd  ed.  ii.  p.  868  (l!J20) ; 

Lida.  Tot.  i>o«AI.  p.  85  (Siberia  and  Cyprua)(i828);  Bp.Sjxxoh. 

Vamp.  p.  73,  n.  232  (1827] ;  ititUtr.  Git.  Rai*.  Caue.  p.  68  (Bakou) 

(1833) ;  SeMeg.  Bev.  Crit.  p.  cix  (1844)  ;  Naum.  Vog.   Dmttchl. 

xiii.  p.  21,  Taf.  308  (1844) ;  BrAm,  J.f.  O.  1864.  p.  84  (Egypt) ; 

JcfoU,   ilnd.   p.   363    (Bararla,  breeding) ;  PdnUr,  ibid,   p'  380 

(Taurie);  id.  J.f.  0.1850,  p.  68;  MikU.  ibid. -a.  iM  (ProTence); 
■   iuwy,  J./.  0.1857,  p.  133  (Algeria);  Haul.J.f.0.  1863,  p.  307 

(N.K  A^.);  Homof.J.f.  0.1870,  p.  433  (Bukal);  Ottb.   Thei. 

On.  i.  p.  350  (syn.  emend.)  (1S72) ;  RneL  Om,  Misc.  iti.  p.  230 

(1878). 
Anas  ferinad.  Gm.  ^  JV.  I.  2,  p.  630  (1788);   Lath.  Ind.  Om.  ii. 

p.  863  (1790). 
Anas  TuScollis,  SiMp.  Atm.  I.  Hiit.  Nat.  p.  66,  n.  81  (1769) ;  Bonn. 

Enc.  MUh.  i.  p.  133  (1700). 
Anas  ervtbrocephala,  8.  V.  Omrl.  Reise  JtuMl.  i.  p.  71  (1770) ;  id. 

Aw.  'Comm.  Petrop.  it.  p.  465,  n.  14,  tab.  20  (1771). 
Anas    penelope,  Gcrini,   Star.    Uce.   v.   lav.   583    {J),   684   ($) 

MiUoain,'  I/Aidienl.  II.  Enl.  SOS;  Btif.  Hut.  Nat.  Oil.  U.  p.  21S 

(1783). 
Pochard,  Pmn.  Brit.  Zool.  ii.  p.  600,  n.  381  (1776) ;  XoM.  Am.  iiL 

2,  p.  623.  n.  08  (1785). 
Bufoua-necked  Duck,  LaCA.  &/«.  iiL  2,  p.  477,  a.  32  (1786). 


Ann  Tufft,  Gm.  SuU.  Nat.  i  2,  p.  S16,  n.  71  (1788)  Ux  AmsoIOi 
X<iU./«J.Oni.u.  p.  sea,  11.76  (1790);  Lm.  TV.  iOrm.  p.  631 
(8JD.  emend.)  (IbSl). 

Nttoch  ferine  f)«m.  JW.  q^  21x4.  ii  p.  SW  (I8S3);  Hl.£rit.4)>. 
p.  121  (ie:J8] ;  O.ILer.  iMt  Om.  B.  p.  75  (1840) ;  lU.  O**.  B. 
lu.  p.  ^1,  n.  1  (1844)  fid.  Lilt  B.  Brit.  JITw.  iiL  p.  I4S  (wit.) 
(18l4) ;  SeAnb.  SyH,Aii.,Vt.tStom,  t.7S.  ff.  1S4-S6(I845) ;  BolU, 
J.f.  O.  1865,  p.  315  (8^) ;  Botn^.  3J.  O.  1869,  p.  870  (ZooL 
Otrd.);  Jfcre,/Au,18(je,  p.44fi(GnU&it.);  OmJd,  B. Gr. BriL 
V.  pi.  21  (pt.  xxi^  1872). 

Aftfarft  feriiu,  Boit,  JttM,  1822,  p.  564 ;  Br  Am,  Iiu,  1680,  p.  999; 
uj.  F(^.  i)»bcU.  p.  920  (1881) ;  Bp.  Comp.  ZiM,  p.  68  0830) ; 
id.  CW.  JIfrf.  p.  73  (1842) ;  Brdtmi,J.f.  0.1855,  p.  3e9CE^t); 
Bp.  Oompt.  Send.  sliu.  p.  061,  n.  143  (excl.  tu.)  (1866) ;  XmA:, 
Cai.  M.  et  O.  Algtr.  p.  144  (1858) ;  JW.  B.  </  Ind.  iii.  p.  812 
(1864) ;  Saltad.  (M.  Uee.  Sard.  p.  109  (1804);  id.  J.f.  O.  1865, 
p.  826  (Sardinu) ;  G.R.Or.  Hmd-M,  iii.  p.  66,  n.  lOOrffl  (1871) ; 
&nnA.  P.  Z  5.  1671,  p.  419  (Shu(cb&i);  JHImA,  J.f.  O.  1872, 
p.  871  (Bohemia) ;  lAoud,  Ibit,  1873,  p.  430  (Kattunu) ;  Dyb. 
J.  f.  O.  1873,  p.  llOi  JHeufft  Om.  N,0.-4/r.  ii.  2,  p.  1341  (1873J ; 
Taez.  BuU.  Soe.  Zool.  Fr.  ii.  p.  46  (1877) ;  J>and^  Outt.  Oit.  tSw. 
p.  606  (1877J;  Byro.  .fiowfey'*  Orn.  Miac  iii.  p.  106  (1878); 
iEodi^  Ornit  Caucat.  p.  460  (1684) ;  F  Sfmn.  iV.  {7.&  Xat.  Mm. 
X.  p.  187  (1887). 

Fuligula  feriD■^  S'miA.  Cm.  ZooL  ziL  S,  p.  103  (18S4) ;  Savi,  Om. 
Tmc.  iii.  p.  135  (1831) ;  Stridd.  P.  Z.  k  1836,  p.  102  (SmjTn») ; 
Byt.  Cai.  Brit.  B.  p.  57  (1836) ;  Sa.  Clam.  B.  ii.  p.  368  (1837) ; 
OoM,  B.  Bur.  V.  p^.  867  (1637);  Eyt.  Man.  Anat.  p.  164,  lO.  12. 
f.  3  (caicm)  (1836) ;  K.  ^  B.  WirieUk.  JW.  pp.  IzxxTii,  230, 
(1840);  Jerd.  Madr.  Jbum.  zii.  p.  221,  n.  389  (1640);  Bl^h, 
P.  Z.  S.  1842,  p.  84  (IndiA) ;  MartL  Fen.  Oa.  Attu.  p.  1^ 
(1844);  Blf^,  Cat  B.  Mm.  A.  8.  B.  p.  806,  n.  1765  (1849) ; 
Lil{jtb.  Xa«vuxn»ia.  18:'.a,  2,  p.  110  (N.  Ilussia) ;  WulUii'jr. 
Noumamiia,  1854,  p.  27.*):  Jdckd,  J.f.  0.  1855,  p.  407;  Witd, 
J.f.   O.    1&59,   p.    176:    Triitr.    lUi,    1860,    pp.    81, 


4-i.   NTROCA.  337 

CoU.  p.  537  (1882) ;  Blakist  ^  Pryer,  Tr.  As.  Soc.  Jap.  x.  p.  99 
(Japani  (1882) ;  B.  O.  U.  List  Brit.  B.  p.  130  (1883) ;  Sc/at.  List 
Vert.  An.  8th  ed.  p.  440  (1883) ;  Biakist.  Amend.  List  B.  Jap. 
p.  34  (1884);  Seeb.  Ibis,  1884,  p.  176  (Ilakodadi);  Tristr.  Faun. 
^  Fhr.  Palest,  p.  117  (1884) ;  Saund.  YarreU's  Hist.  Brit.  B.  iv. 
p.  413  (1884-85).  and  Man.  Brit.  B.  p.  420;  A.  Neict.  Enc.  Brit. 
lHh  t>d.  xix.  p.  252  (1885) :  Seeb,  Hist.  Brit.  B.  iii.  p.  575,  pi.  64 
(egj?)  0885) ;  Meade-  Waldn,Ihis,  18.-9,  p.  515  (Canaries) ;  Tristr. 
Cat.  Coll.  B.  p.  48  (1S>9);  Bchuc.  J.f.  O.  1890,  p.  84;  Lilford, 
Col.  Fig.  Brit.  B.  pt.  xiii.  pi.  —  (1890) ;  Seeb.  B.  Jap.  Emp.  p.  254 
(1890);  Shar}>e,  Sec.  Yark.  MifiA.^  Aies^  jt.  132(1^91);  Jlartert, 
Kat.  Vogelsamml.  p.  232  (1891) ;  Styan,  IbiM,  1?<91,  pj).  328,  497  ; 
iJubois,  Faun.  Vert.  Uvhj.,  Ois.  ii.  p.  472,  pi.  262  (1892)  ;  Meade- 
Waldo,  Ibis,  1893,  p.  1911  (ranaries) ;  Colletty  M indie  Medd.  vedr. 
Noryes  Fvylef.  18^1-92,  p.  215  (1894). 

Platypus  ferinus,  C.  L.  Brehm,  Lehrb.  Xaturg.  eur.  Vog.  ii.  p.  828 
(1*824). 

Aithya  ferina,  Kaup,  Naiiirl.  Sgst.  p.  99  (1829). 

Aytliva  ervtlnoccphala,  Ihehni,  his,  18^30,  p.  999  ;  id.  Vog.  Deutschl. 
*p.  919  (18:51 ) ;  id.  Vogrlf.  p.  379  (  InOo). 

Anas  niarila,  Malh.  (nee  Liim.)  Faun.  Orn.  Sicii.  p.  220  (1843). 

Fulipula  rufa,  O.  B.  Or.  Geu.  B.  iii.  p.  621,  n.  7  (1844). 

Marila  tVrinu,  Bdnib.  Av.  Syaf.  Xat.  p.  viii  (1S52). 

Aithyia  ferina.  Livid.  Nomencl.  Av.  p.  102  (1854). 

Aythya  ruHceps.  Brehm,  yaumanuin,  1855,  p.  298. 

Fulijrula  ervtlirocephala,  C.  F.  Dubois^  PI.  Col.  Ois.  Belg.  iii.  p.  278 
(I8r.0). 

Anas  (Fidigula)  ferina,  Badde,  Beis.  S.  O.-Sibir.  ii.  p.  375  (1863) 
(Baikal).  ^ 

Aethvia  ft^rina,  Giql.  Ibis,  1S65,  p.  52  (Pisa);  Sirinh.  Ibis,  1^74, 
p.  *1?<2  (Taiboo  "Lake);  B.,BL.It..6f  S.  J.f.  ().  1S77,  p.  3:i7 
((lerniany);  Salcad.  El.  Ucc.  Hal.  ]>.  2' 5  (1886);  Sliarpe,  Cut. 
Osteal.  iV/^er/z/i.  Coll.  Surg.  iii.  p.  3(H)  (IbOl). 

Fulix  ft'rina,  Sulrad.  Faun,  d'ltal.,  I'cr.  p.  265  (1872);  Brgalia, 
Prof.'  J'erb.  Soc.  Tosc.  Sc.  Sat.  lb^8,  p.  92  (nail  un  the  dijrit-). 


Ilghrids. 

Fuliirula  mariloidcs,    Yarrell  {nee  Vf//.)^  Hist.  Brit.  B.  iii.   p.  247, 

with  H<r.  (1NJ7-43)  ;   lip.  Ber.  Crif'.  pp.  KXJ,  105  (part.)  (  1S50). 
American  Scanp.  Yarrell  iuee  auvt.).  I.  c. ;  Saund.  in  YarrelCs  Hist. 

Brit.  B.  iv.  p.  427,  ti-r.  p.  42^  (1>S4  S")). 
Aythya  niuriloides,  ]iait..   I>j).    Cat.   Met.    T^e<\   Eur.   p.  72,  n.  453 

'(1M2);  td.  Ucc.  Crif.  y.  ll»5,  n.  443  (j.ait.)  (lN»). 
Fuli^-uhi   f.rinoides,    Bartl.  P.  Z.  S.   1.^47.  ]>.  4s  ;   (inuJd,  P.   Z.  S. 

1K">4,  p.  95  ;  A.  yeict.  P.  Z.  *V.  l^(;0,  pp.  ;^;;7,  ;;3S. 
Fuliirula  h-ucoptera,  A.  Xcfct.  Zw.logi.'^t,  IMx,  p.  2063  (  =  ftTin()ides). 
Fulif-Mda  honieyeri,  lUuhher.  ynuymuniiu,  1^5i',  Ili'lt  i.  ]).  12  (liotter- 

dani)  ;    UaUUim.    ibid.    ll»'ft   ii.   ]..    Iif4,  Taf.    1;    yauni,  J.  f.   (). 

185;},  Kxtmli.   ]).   7    (hvbml);    Frifsrh,   J.f.  O.   \<)4,   p.  *280; 

(floyvr.  J.f.  O.  \<)A,  p.*40.^  (not  a  hybrid  !) ;  Budrk.  J.f.  O.  16-54, 

Extrah.  p.  xiv;  Jloymiftr,  ibid.  p.  Ixvi ;    Olplu^iiuH.  yauniannia, 

IKV*,  j.p.  402,  403;    'dloger,  op.  cd.  l85r.,  p.  :i52 ;    id.  J.  f.  O. 

l?v/6,  pp.  272,  'io't;    ()lphe-(rall.  yaumannia,  1^57,  p.   6;  Bias. 

in  yaum.  lieutsch.  Viig.  xiii.  2,  p.  305,  Taf.  389.  f.  2  (1860); 

A.  ytwt.  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  pp.  337,  338 ;  lieyj  Syn.  Eur.  Bnttwig,  u, 
VOL.  XXVII.  z 


OStle,  p.  130  (1872);  Arrig.  dtgli  Oddi,  Att*  Soc.  Ital.  Be. 
xsxiv,  fasc.  a,  pp.  179-192  (18841. 
Anu  'mterm&il^Jaubert,  Itev.  et  Mag.de  Zooi\B5%-^\\A{  = 


ferinax  A.  njroca) ;  A.  AVutf.  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  337. 
Avthva  homeveri,  Brehm,  Vagelf.  p.  380  (1865)  ;  %d.  . 

'1855,  p.  298: 
Avthvia  ferina  a.  bomeTeri,  Bp.  Conmt.  Smd.  xliii.  p.  661,  D.  142  a 

'(1856). 
Avthvia  feriaa  b.  iotennedia,  Bp.  t.  c.  n.  142  b  (1856). 
Avthvin  ferina  c.  ferinoidea,  Bp.  I.e.  n.  142c  (1856). 
A'Diw'liomeveri,  Jlom^.  J.f.  O.  1870,  p.  433, 
Fuli)niln  tviiaaXJEx  epoDsa,  Sclat.  tut  Vert  An.  8th  ed.  p.  440 

(1883)  i  Leverk.  J.J.  O.  18iW,  p.  224. 
Fuligula  ferina  cJ  X  F.  crislAta  $ ,  Savtid.  P.  Z.  S.  1886,  p.  560. 
Fuligula  ferinaxF.  nyroca,  Leverk.  J.f.  0. 1800,  p.  223;  Alharda, 

J.f.  O.  1(J92.  p.  429. 
Fuligula  ferina  X  F.  criatate,  terfrk.  J.  f.  0. 1890,  p.  224. 
Fuligula  ferina  xClanguta  (jlaucion,  Leivrk  Aid. 
Fuligula  ferina  x  Anaa  bogcbns,  Leverk.  ibid. 
Fuligula  f*^rina  x  Anas  obscura,  Ltitrk.  ibid. 
Fuligula  ferina  X  (Anas  boschasx  A.  Btr«pera),  Leverk.  ibid. 
Adult  male.  Heud  and  npper  neck  rufoue  chestnut ;  upper  back, 
lower  neck,  and   upper   breast  all  round   glossy  black ;    maotle, 
Bcapolare,  tertiala,  and  upper  parts  lavender' white,  finely  vcrmica- 
lat«d  with  black  ;  rump,  upper  toil'COTerts,  and  nnder  tail-coverts 
dull  black ;  lower  breast  almost  white,  scarcely  vermioulated,  and 
gradually  becoming  darker  on  the  lower  abdomen  and  mei^ng  into 
black  on  the  under  tail-cuverts ;  wing-coverts  grey,  more  or  less 
vermiculated  with  white ;  a  grey  speculum  on  the  secondaries,  the 
inner  ones  edged  with  blackish  on  the  outer  wob,  all  edged  with  white 
at  the  tip ;  primaries  grey,  darker  at  the  tip  and  on  the  outer  web  ; 
under  wing-covcrta  and  axilhtrica  white,  the  marginal  under  «" 


44,  VTBOOA. 


839 


upper  partfly  shading  into  rusty  brown  on  the  head  and  neck;  nnder- 
parts  dirty  yellowish  white :  bill  and  feet  light  blnish ;  iris  gr^. 

Hab,  PalflMurctic  fiegion  from  Iceland  to  Japan;  breeding  princi- 
pally in  the  northern  part  of  the  Western  PakDarctio  Begion ;  it 
winters  in  S.  Eorope  and  Northern  Africa,  and  from  Asia  Minor 
through  Persia,  India,  and  China  to  Japan. 


a.  cf  ad.  sk. 

6,  e.  (^  $  ad.  8t 
<^  c^  ad.  sk. 

0.  c^  ad.  sk. 
/.  $  ad.  sk. 


Aberdeenshire      ( W,      C, 

Angus), 
England  (London  Market). 
Milford  Hall,  Stafford,  Jan. 

Cambridge  Market,  Nov. 
Cambridge  Market,  Nov. 
Aldeburgh,  Feb.,  Aug. 


m,  n,  (S  ad.  ak. 

o.  c^  ad.  ak. 
p,  S  imm.  8t 
q.  S  ad.  8k. 
r.  S  ad.  sk. 

9,t.  c^  ad.  et  $ 

imm.  sk. 
«,  r.  c^  $  ad.  sk. 
V.  $  imm.  sk. 
X.  $  ad.  sk. 


H.  J.  Elwes,  Esq.  [P.]. 

Purchased. 

Capt    W.    S.    LeveU 

rp.]. 

Salvin-Godman  ColL 
H.  J.  Elwes,  Esq.  [P.]. 
Theodore  Fisher.  Esq. 

[P.]. 

Hon.    W.    Rothschild 

[P.]. 


tfk^l,  S  ad.  sk.    Tring,  Herts,  June,  Sept. 
etcJ  J  imm.  St. 

Avington,  Hants,  Dec.  (O,    Shelley  ColL 

RS.) 
Cookham,  Dec.  (W.  Brigys),    Tweeddale  Coll. 
Somersetshire.  Montagu  Coll. 

Devonshire.  Montagu  ColL 

Arcachon,  France,  Nov.  (J?.    Seebohm  Coll. 

V.  Seebohm), 
El    Baheira,  Tunis,   March    Salvin-Qodman  Coll. 

(O.  S.), 
Egypt,  Feb.  (G.  E.  S,). 
Cairo,  May. 
Mesopotamia. 


Shellev  Coll. 
Dr.  Worthington. 


y,  X.    c^  $  imm.    Lenkoran,  Jan. 
sk. 


Euphrates  Expd.  [P.]. 
Seebohm  ColL 


a'.  (S  ad.  sk. 
h\  d,  ^  ad.  sk. 


Central  Asia. 
Eashgar  {Bellew), 


^9  e*.  d^  $  ad.  sk.    Kandahar,  Marcn. 


Moscow  Museum  [P.]. 
India  Museum  [P.J. 
Lt-Colonel    Swinnoe 

[P.]. 

ft  y »  ^'*  d  $  ad.    Mado  Mehur,  Upper  Sindh,    Hume  ColL 

sk.  Jan.  {A,  O.  H), 

€,  2  ad.  sk.  Sehwan,    Sindh,   Jan.    {A,    Hume  Coll. 

O.  JET.). 
k,  S  ad.  sk.  Roree,  Sindh,  Feb. 

i*.  (^  ad.  sk.  Rajpootana,      March      {A 

O.  H.). 
m\n\o'.  cJ  Jad.    Delhi,  Jan. 

sk. 
p'-i\  cJ  •  $  ad.  et    Gurgaon,  Jan.  {A.  O.  H,), 
($  imm.  sk. 

Etawah,  Dec. 

Sandee,  March  (^A,  Ander-    Seebohm  Coll. 

Bon), 
Futtehg^rh,  Feb.  (A.  Ander-    Seebohm  ColL 

ton), 
Oudh.  Capt.  Stackhoose  Pin- 

will  [P.]. 
NepaL  B.  H.  Hodgsooi  Esq. 

i2 


tf'.  c^  juT.  sk. 
v*.  (^  ad.  sk. 

«".  $ad.8k. 

^f]^.  $  ad.sk. 

s*.  $  imm.  St. 


India  Museum  [P.]. 
Hume  ColL 

Hume  Coll. 

Hume  CoU. 

Hume  Coll. 


'.  A  ad.  Bk. 
■,A  cJ?im 


A",  Sternum, 
t".  Sternum  with 

shoulder-girdle. 
k''.  Sternum  with 

ehoulder^inUe. 
t',m".  Sterna. 


Maoipiir.  March  {A.  O.  EX 
Shtntrhai,  China,  Dec.  (A. 

JUichV). 
flakodadi,  Japan,  March. 
YokiihBma,    Japan,    winter 

(H.  iVyn-). 
England. 

Enfrkod. 
Enjllflnd. 

England. 


Purchased. 

Purchaii«d. 

0.  IngaU,  E™.  rp.]. 

J.  Ray,  Esq.  [P^. 

M.  Lefebm'B  CoU. 


Htbbids. 
Nynxa  ferina  X  F.  marila. 
Pun-hased   at    Mr.   Doulile-     F.  Bond,  Esq.  [P.]. 


dB3's  sale,  Auir.  %%  1871. 

(Tjpe  of  i\Uigida  niarSoidei,  Yorr.  d 


.  jj"i 


Ayrocffl  fenna  x  F.  fuKgula. 
Woodford  Park,  Blackburn,    E.  J.  Howard,  Eaq. 
Aug.  [P.]. 


S.  NjToca  americana. 
Anas  ferina,  Gm.  &  A',  i.  2.  p.  530,  n.  81  (pait.)  (1788) ;  Zath.  Ind. 
Om.  ii.  p.  802,  n.  77  (1790) ;   Wil$.  (wc  Zi'nn.)  Am.  Om.  Tiii. 
ji.  110,  pi. 70.  f.  6  (1814)  ;  lip.  Spnch.  0,m;,.  p.  73,  n.  2S3  jlP27) ; 


n.  77   (1790) ;    Wi/t.   (wc  Zi'nn.)  Am.  On. 

li.l]0,pl.70.  f.6  (1814);  lip.  «fWfA.O,m;,.p.  73,n.2S3  jlPi 
bovff/ilv,  Cab.  X.  H.  ii.  p.  40,  pi  iv.  (1832) ;  G<eb.  Thn.  Om.  i. 


270  (1825). 


44.  sn 


341 


ATthjs  ■merieana,  Baird,  B.  .V.  Am.  p,  783  (185A) ;  ul.  Ott.  N.  Am. 
'£.  n.  618  (laW);    BruaHi.   Pr.   Bo*t.   Soc.  JV.   H.   Tii.   p.   lad 

(Bahamast  {1&59) ;  id.  J.f.  0. 1S81.  p.  56 ;  itardt,  Pr.  Ae.  PAilad. 

18M,  p.  27  (JamucB) ;  O.  K.  Gr.  Hand-lia.  iu.  p.  8«,  a.  10600 

(1671);  LniBr.Me.n.U'.tt.S-K^.K.  ff.  ii  p.315  (MuzMlaii)  (l-C*); 

A.O.  U.Check-lat  N.Am.  B.^.n».-a.Uti{lSI^'\:  Ridgw.  Mtn. 

N.Am.  B.  p.  101  (1887);  Cory,  Auk.  1888.  p.  fi6;  id.  B.  W.  Ittd. 

p.  267  (1889);  floIfA,  fl.  o/.tfumw.  p,  55  (181(2), 
Njrroca  erytfarocephola,  Sterm.  (nee  lirthm.)  P.  R.  R.  Rep.  r.  pt,  4, 

p.70(l&J9|. 
Aelhvia  omuriiNina.  Dre**.  Ihk,  1860,  p.  43  (Texas) ;  Brown,  Ihit, 

1868,  p. 426  (Vancouver  1.) ;  Sciai.  ^  Sah.  Nanunel.  An.  Neotmji. 

p.  130(1873);  Ridgw.  yomenel.N.  Am.  B.nGXH  (1881);  B.,B., 

*  R.  ITafer-B.  JV.  Am.  ii.  p.  36  (1884) ;  NeM.  J.  f.  0.  1886, 

p.  147  (ntinoig). 
Ajihva.  ferina,  vnr.  americana,  .rl/fan,  J!uA  Mat.  C.  Z.  iu.  p.  183 


(1872). 
Fuligula  fe; 


Fuligula  ferioa.  Tar.  americana,  Ckmet,  JTejr,  p. 389  (1873) ;  id.  CHeck- 

liUN.Am.B.  n.  503  (1873):  id.  Birdi  iV.- »«(,  p.  575  (18741; 

Cory,  B.  Bahama  2.  p.  189  (1880) ;  DuboU,  Faun.  Vert.  Belg.,  Oi*. 

ii.  p.  473  (1892), 
Fiilig'iila  ferinn  americana,  Couet,   Cheek-liit  N.  Am.   B.  2ad  ed. 

p.  1 14,  a.  723  ( 1882). 
FuUx  ferina  americaoa,  Couet,  Key  N.  Am.  B.  2ud  ed.  p.  702,  n.  723 

(18*1). 

Ilifhrid. 
Fulignla  americana  X  F.  inarila  (!),  LtBirk.  J.f.  0. 1890,  p.  224 

Very  similar  to  -V.  ferina,  but  the  rich  chestnut  colour  of  the 
head  and  upper  half  of  neck  glossed  with  purple ;  abdomna  whtto, 
not  vermiButatod  witb  dusky :  bill  pale  blue,  only  the  end  black. 
8i»e  the  same  as  that  of  N.  ferlva,  or  very  little  larger ;  wing  9'4 
iiichei,  eulmea  2. 

Fcmait.  Head  and  neck  greyish  brown,  darker  above,  th&  fore 
pwt-  of  the  former  lighter,  almost  white  on  chin  and  upper  throat ; 
backt  acapolars,  chest,  sidos,  and  flanks  doll  greyish  brown,  the 
f«fttfaen  tipped  with  paler  or  folyous;  abdomen  whiter  than  in 
Jf./trina  female. 

Tbunff  in  dtiwit.  "  Abore  ocbracMus  olive-brown,  with  an  indistinct 
)^eIlowigh  spot  behind  each  wing,  another  on  the  lower  border  of  the 
arm-wing,  and  a  third  on  encli  side  of  the  rnmp ;  whole  sides  of 
head  and  neck,  with  lower  parts  iii  general,  deep  buS-yellow,  paler 
and  duller  on  belly  and  ventral  region  ;  no  dark  markings  on  sides 
othni"(liidg.ia!,). 

Hah,  Whole  of  North  .^morion,  breeding  from  Maine  a.nd  Cali- 
fornia northward. 


a,h.  J^  »A.ai. 
c.  a  ad.  ak. 

I  «,/  rf  8  ad.  sk. 


No  locality. 

[EDgland.] 

Vancouver  B  Island  {lliyi/iiu). 

49th  ParaUel. 


Mr.  Haderart  fC.]. 
TwBoddale  Coll. 
Snlvin-Godmnn  Cotl. 
N.  America  Bound  srv 


N,  America  B<>undHi'y 
CoinmissiuD  [l',j. 


h.  (f  juv.  sk.  Warner  Lnke,  Oregon,  Sept.     Sakin-OodmaB  CoH. 

I.  cf  ad.  ek.  Chicago,  Illiaois  (Ndioii  S[     SalTin-GodmaD  Coll. 

Jencks). 
k.  e  tkd.  ek.  Neucee  Co.,  Teztu,  Jan.  (JV.     SalTia-Oodmui  Coll. 

E.  A'oaAei). 
^.  rf  9  ad.  et  (^     Corpus  Cbristi,  Texas,  March,    Salvin-Oodman  ColL 
juT.  ek.  Oct.,  Dec.  (F.  B.  Arm- 

Urong). 
t.  J  imm.  sL  BrownBville,    Texas,  April      Salvin-GodniM  CoU. 

{F.  B.  ArmUrong). 
u.  cf  ad.  ak.  ZacAlecas,  Mexico,  April  ( W.    SalyiD-Qodmu)  Colt. 

B.  Richardton). 
V.  tS  ad.  ek.  Vailej  of  Mexico  (H.  S.  U    Salvin-Qodman  Coll. 

iSsranffe). 


3.  Kyroca  Talluneria. 

i.  p.  108,  pi.  70.  f.  6  (1814) : 
iw».  TV.  d'Om.  p.  631  (1831);  Doughty,  Cab.  N.  H.  a. -0.36,  v\.i 
(1832);  Coty,  Lut  B.  W.  Ind.y.  SO  (1885), 

Aoae  vellisnenaDa,  Sabine,  App.  Fi-anki.  Joum.  p.  099  (1823). 

Anas  valisDeria,  Vieili.  Fnc.  MilA.  i.  p.  369  (1633). 

Fuligula  valtisnerie,  Sleph.  Gen.  Zool.  xii.  2,  p.  19G  (1824)  ;  Bp.  Amt. 
Lye.  N.  r.  ii.  p.  39-i  (1820) ;  id.  Syn.  p.  ^2  (182S) ;  Ste.  ^  Eieh. 


1.  Bor.-Am.  ii.  p.  461  (1831) ;  A'u((.  Man.  ii.  p.  430  (1834) ; 
*ion.  Anal.  p.  153  (1838) ;  Aud.  Or».  Biogr.  iv.  p.  1,  pi-  301 
;  id.  Sun.v-  286  (1839)  ;  id.  B.  Am.   vi,  p.  299,  jl.  3 


(1843) ;  Gir.  B.  Lang  Itl.  p.  318  (1844) ;  DeEau,  N.  Y.  Zool.  ii 
p.  321  (18441;  Tuimb.  B.  E.  Pa.  1869,  p.  46;  Coues,  Key.  p.  290 
(18(2) ;  id.  Cheekrlist,  n.  504  (1873)  ;  id.  Binb  N.-Wetl,  p.  (375 
(1874);  id.  Chtck-li^,  2nd  ed.  p.  116,  n.  724  (1882);  Harttrt, 
Eat.  Vogelsamml. -a.  232  (1891). 
Avthva  valisuerift.  Boie.  Itis,   18S6.  p.  980 ;  Bp.  C<-mp. 


44.  mrsocEi. 


843 


Heerm.  P.  B.  B.  JRep.  z.  pt  ir.  p.  70  (1869) ;  Brewer,  Pr.  Bad. 

Soe.  N.  M.  yii.  p.  ^  (Cuba)  (18iK)) :  A.  ^E.  Newt.  Hmidb.Jmn. 

p.  118  (1881). 
NyiDca  yalisneriy  Bchnh,  Syn.  Av^  Natatores,  t  75.  f.  127  (1845). 
A^yia  erjrthrocephala,  Licht.  [nee  Brehm)  Nvmend,  Ao,  ^  103 

(N.  America,  Mexico)  (1854). 
Aytbya  valisneri,  Brehm,  NauTnatmia,  1855,  p.  298 ;  id,  VogeJf,  p.  380 

(1855). 
Aethyia  valisoeria,  Cab,  <$-  GundL  J,  /.  O.  1857,  p.  229  (Cuba) ; 

Oundl.  J.f,  O.  1861,  p.  246 ;  Salt.  Ihis,  1866,  p.  198  (Guatemala) ; 

Brown,  Ibis,  1868,  p.  426  (Vancouver  I.) ;  Sclat,  4"  Salv.  NomencL 

Av.  Neotrop.f.  130  (1873) ;  Jtidffw*  Norn.  N.  Am,  B,  n.  617  (1881). 
Axistonetta  Talnsneria,  Baird,  B.  N,  Am,  p.  793  (in  text^  (1858). 
Aethyia  Tallisneria,  Dress,  Ibis,  1866,  p.  43  (Texas) ;  B.,  B,,  8f  R, 

Water-B.  N,  Am,  ii.  p.  30  (1884) ;  Nehrl  J.  /  O.  1885,  p.  147 

(Illinois). 
Fuligula  Talisneriana,  Schhg,  Mtis,  P,'B,,  Anseres,  p.  25  (1866) ; 

TrUtr.  Cat  CoU.  B,  p.  48  (1889). 
Anas  Talisneriana,  Gieb,  Thes,  Om.  i,  p.  364  (1872). 
Fulix  Tallisneria,  Coues,  Key  N,  Am,  B,  2nd  ed.  p.  703  (1884). 

Adult  male.  Similar  to  that  of  N.  ferina,  but  macb  larger  and 
witb  a  macb  longer  bill ;  tbe  upper  part  of  tbe  bead  dsirker  cbestnut 
tban  tbe  rest ;  lower  breast  and  abdomen  wbite :  ^*  bill  entirely 
greenisb  black  ;  iris  carmine-red ;  feet  bluisb  grey  "  {Coues).  Total 
length  20  to  22  inches,  wing  9*25,  tail  2*9,  culmen  2*6,  tarsus  1*6. 

Adult  femaU.  Head,  neck,  jugulum,  and  anterior  part  of  back 
raw-umber-brown,  a  postnuchal  space,  the  fore  part  of  the  head, 
and  fore  neck  whitish ;  chin,  throat,  and  cheeks  tinged  with  fulvous  ; 
back,  scapulars,  and  flanks  greyish  brown,  vermiculated  with  white ; 
wings  as  in  the  male :  **  bill  greenish  black ;  iris  brownish  red ; 
feet  plumbeous  "  {B.,  B,,  Sf  R.). 

Hab.  North  America,  breeding  from  the  North-western  States, 
northward  to  Alaska;  in  winter  southwards  to  Guatemala  and 
W.  Indies. 


a,b,  (^  $  ad.  St 
c.  c^  ad.  sk. 

dy  e,f,  (S  ad.  sk. 

g^h.  S  2  Ad*  sk. 

«.  6  juv.  sk. 

l-o.  6  $  inun.  sk. 

|^-9.  cf  $  ftd.  sk. 

V.  cf  imm.  sk. 
jr.  skeleton. 


N.  America. 

Fort  Rupert,   Vancouver's 

Island  (J,  K.  Lord), 
Vancouver's  Island   (J.  K, 

Lord), 
Minnesota. 

49th  ParaUel. 

Cook  Co.,  Illinois  {E,  W. 

Svlson), 
Corpus  Christi,  Texas,  Dec. 

(r\  B,  Armstrong), 
Brownsville,  Texas,  March, 

April  (F,  B,  Armstrong), 
Duenas,  Guatemala  (O.  ^Si.). 
N.  America. 


Old  Coll. 

N.  America  Boundary 

Commission  [P.]. 
N.  America  Boundary 

Commission  [P.]. 
II.    Courage,    Esq. 

[P.]. . 

N.  America  Boundary 

CommLssion  [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  ColL 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Eyton  CoU. 


4.  NjTocabaen. 

Aaiw  kuCiiphtl,Hlino»,  Kittl.  {nrc  BorH.)  hit,  1829,  p.  fi29  (Kunt- 

Khotka) :  (/.  Strju.  Pr.  I.'. S.  Aal.  Mm.  x.  p.  137  (note)  (ISST). 
P  NjToca  leuTOphtliRlmn  a.  duMumieri,  Bp.  Vompt.  Bend,  xliii.  p.  651, 

n.  LW  n  (HeiiKHl,  vnlde  maj,>r)  {18.)<»  •- 
Ana*  (Fuli^ila)  laeii,  Kadde,  Rei$.  S.  O.-Sibir.  ii.  p.  870,  pi.  15 

{lKtf3) !  cf.  Iti-,  imn,  p.  ]  18. 
Ansi  baeri,  Homty.  J./.  O.  1870,  p.  4-33. 
ATthya  firinB  (rrrorf),  5innA.  i*.  Z.  &  1871,  p.  419  (ShBnphw) ;  id. 

Ib!»,  1873,  ]i.  *■*. 
Fulix  Wri,  *««*.  P.  Z.  S.  1871,  p.  410  (Kiukiane  on  the  Yimgtje) ; 

ill.  Ibis,  1873,  pp.  -MG,  367,  P 187-5,  p.  437. 
Fulix  crisUla,  part.,  G.  R.  Or.  Haud-liit,  iii.  p.  86,  n.  10(184  (18711. 
Fuli^iU  nvroca,  IMrid  (niv  GuMmft.),  X.  An-h.  da  Mui.,  Bui/,  vii. 

Cat.  n.  364  (1871) ;  Btakiet.  ^  I'lyer,  Ibu,  1878,  p.  216  (Japan); 

IMi.  Ibi»,  1879,  p.  22  (Japan). 
Fuiifiulabaeii,  2>yA, /./.  O.  1874,  p.  337;  Tirf!.  J /'.O.  1875.  p.257 

(iMuri):  id.i}»ll.Soe.Zo-l.l-V.t\.v.i1  (1877)';  Dafid  ^  Otat. 

Oil.  Cbin«,  p.  509,  pi.  124  (1877);    Sfth.  B.  Jap.  Emp.  p.  254 

(1890) ;  Sfyon,  Ibit,  1891,  pp.  3:J8,  497  (Yangtse). 
Fulix  njTOCa,  Daad  S[  Oiut.   (»a;  Giiidfnit.)   Oi».   Chine,   p.  607 

(1877)  t. 
Kvr<»!a  ferrnpinea,  Blakii-t.  ^  Pryer  (n«  Gm.),  Tr.  A».  Snc.  Jap.  X. 

'\,  p.  99  (1882) ;  HIakiif.  Amend.  List  B.  Jap.  p.  9,  n.  47  (1884), 
Fulifrula  baueri  (errore),  TrUtr.  Cat.  Call.  B.  p.  48  (1889). 

Adult  male.  Head  and  neck  black,  with  a  green  lustre  ;  a  vhite 
Rpot  OQ  chin ;  upper  parte  brown  ;  the  mterecapular  region  and 
the  scapulars  finely  waved  with  paler  brown  irregular  lines  ;  breast 
nifouB  chestnut,  sharply  defined  from  the  white  of  the  abdomen ; 
under  tail-covcrta  whil« ;  flanks  nifons  brown  ;  rent  tinged  vith 
hTQwn ;  speculum  white,  with  a.  broad  blackish  SQb&pical  band  -,  a 
i  blind  at  the  tip  of  the  Hecondariw ;  qnills  whitiah. 


44.  vnoo^  845 

o-^.  i^wLA.      ShaDglud,     Chiiift»     March       Seebohm  CoU. 

(R.  dwinkoe). 
A.  (f  ad.  dc  Shanghai^  China,  March.  Dr.   R.    Bowdler 

Bharpe  [PA 
t.  $  ad.  ak.  Shanghai,  China,  March.  Shanghai    Musenm 

^  A  M-  cf  $  ad.      Yokohama,  Japan  (H,  Pryer).       Seebohm  Coll. 
ale 

5.  Nyroca  africana. 

The  Ferruginous  Duck. 
Anas  (ru&),  Linn.  Faun,  Suec.  n.  134  (1746). 
P  Anas  latirostra,  Brunn.  Orm  Bor,  p.  21,  n.  91  (1764). 
Anas  nyroca,  GiUfUnst.  Nov,  Comm,  Petrop,  xiv.  1,  p.  403  (1769) ; 
Lath,  Syn,  iii.  2,  p.  541,  n.  79,  Tar.  A  (1785) ;  id,  Ind.  Om,  ii. 

L869,  n.  91  (1790) :  Bonn,  Enc  MSth,  i.  p.  135  (1790) ;  Bechst. 
iham'B  Uebers,  iii.  p.  465,  n.  29  (1796) ;  VieiU.  N,  D,  v.  p.  131 
(1816) ;  2>M.  TV.  dTOm.  p.  632  (1831) ;  ScJdeg,  Rev,  Crit,  p.  exx 
(1844);  Naum.  Vog.  Deutschl  xii.  p.  41,  t.  309  (1844) ;  Firitsch, 
J,f,  O.  1853,  Extrah.  p.  33  (Croatia) ;  Jikkel,  J,f,  O.  1854,  p.  30;i 
(&varia) ;  Passler,  ibtd,  p.  380  (Tauris) ;  Vangerow,  J,f,  0. 1855, 
p.  aio ;  BoUe,  J.  f.  O.  1857,  p.  266  (Canaries) ;  FriUch,  J,  f,  O, 
1858,  p.  413 :  Tri9tr,  Ibis,  1859,  p.  161  (eggs) ;  Finsch,  J,  f,  O, 
1869,  p.  387  (Bulgaria) ;  Baldam,  J,  f,  O.  1870,  pp.  280,  281 
(Mansfelder  Lake) ;  Gieb,  Thes,  Om,  i.  p.  358  (1872) ;  Fintch,  Ibis^ 
1877,  p.  54. 

P  Anas  peregrina,  8,  Gmel.  Reis.  RumL  ii.  p.  183, 1. 16  (1774) ;  Gieh, 
Tket,  Om.  L  p.  3<'>9  (1872). 

P  Anas  skoorra,  Miiil,  Zool,  Dan,  Prodr,  p.  16,  n.  130  (1776) ;  Lath, 
Sun,  iiL  2,  p.  515,  n.  60  (1785);  Bonn.  Enc.  MSth,  i.  p.  134 
(1790). 

Anas  glaucia  major,  Gerini,  Star,  degU  Ucc,  t.  t.  589  (S)t  ^^  ( $ ) 
(1776). 

Ferruginous  Duck,  P^nn.  Brit,  Zool,  n.  285,  t.  99  (1776) ;  Lath,  Syn, 
iii.  2,  p.  526,  n.  71  (1785). 

Sarcelle  d'Egvpte,  D'Aubmt.  PL  Enl,  1000 ;  Buf,  Hist,  Nat,  Ois, 
ix.  p.  273  (1783). 

Red  Duck,  Venn.  Arct.  Zool.  ii.  p.  576  (1785). 

PLapmark  Duck,  Penn.  Arct,  Zool.  ii.  p.  576,  M  (1785);  Lath, 
Syn,  iii.  2,  p.  515,  n.  60  (1785)  (slatirostra,  /?rtfim.= skoorra. 

Mm.), 

Tufted  Duck,  var.  A,  Lath,  Syn.  iii.  2,  p.  541,  n.  70  (17a5). 

Anas  rutila,  Lath,  (nee  PaU.)  Syn.  iiL  2,  p.  526,  n.  71  (1785) ;  id. 

Syn,  Sufypl.  i.  p.  297  (1787). 
African  Teal,  Lath.  Syn.  iii.  2,  p.  555,  n.  93  (1785). 
P  Anas  scandiaca,  Gm,  S.  N,  i.  2,  p.  520,  n.  85  (1788) ;  Lath.  Ind. 

Om.  U.  p.  a59,  n.  68  (1790) ;  VieOl.  N,  D,  v.  p.  155  (1816) ;  Dum 

Diet.  Sc.  Nat.  vi.  p.  376  (1817). 
Anas  africana,  Gm.  8,  N,  i.  2,  p.  522,  n.  88  (1788)  (ar  PI,  Enl.  1000) 

Lath.  Ind.  Om,  ii.  p.  875,  n.  104  (1790) ;  id,   Tr,  Linn,  Soc.  xi 

p.  178  (1815)  ;    VieOl,  N.  D,  v.  pp.  131, 171  (1816) ;  Dum.  Diet 

Se.  NaL  vi.  p.  394  (1817). 
Anas  fisrruginea,  Gm,  8,  N.  i.  2,  p.  528,  n.  99  (1788)  {ex  Pennant)  ; 

ZoO.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  866,  n.  84  (1790) ;  B^n,  Enc,  Mitk,  i.  p.  126 

(1790) ;  lUtL  FauH.  Suee.  p.  130  (1800);  VieiU.  N.  D.  v.  p.  116 

(1816) ;  Dum.  Diet.  Se.  Ntd.'yl  p.  876  (1817). 


itadt);  Licht.  Verz.  Do«bl.  p.  86  (IS__, 

P Adm  guttoir,  Gm.  S.  JV.  i,  2,  p.  642,  n.  122  (1788)  (ei  Fortk.  Dfer. 
Ah.  p.  3,  n.  10,  1775) ;  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  877,  n.  115  (1790) ; 
Bonn.  Etc.  MHk.  i.  p.  134  (1790) ;  VifiU.  N.  D.  t.  p.  118  (1816). 

Anas  legvptiaca,  Bonn,  (nee  Linn.)  Enc  Mith.  i.  p.  159  (1791)  (ex 
Buff-m). 

Anas  ferina,  var.  1,  Becktt.  Nat.  Gtsch.  Dfutichl.  ii.  i;.  658  (1791). 

Anas  leucojihtbaliiiu^  Borkhauttn,  Detdtche  Fauna,  i.  p.  S&l,  n.  304 
(1797) ;  BefhA.  Om.  Taichenb.  ii.  p.  450,  n.  M  (1803) ;  id.  Naturg. 
DfUltchl.  iv.  p.  1009  (1H09) ;  Temm.  Man.  dOnt.  p.  571  (1816) ; 
id.  op.  fit.  2nd  ed.  ii.  p.  876  (1820) ;  Fabrr,  Prodr.  Itl.  Om.  p.  72 
(1822);  Ilaia.Eitm.  3i  Zoo/,  iii.  9,  p.l33  (1820):  iofe.  J*w,  1828, 
p.  1233 ;  Temm.  Man.  iv.  p.  646  (1840) ;  Bolie,  J.  /.  O.  1855, 
p.  179  (Canaries) ;  MiiU.  J.f.  0. 1866,  p.  232  (l-rovence) ;  JVmcA, 
Ibif,  1877,  p.  60. 

Anas  leucopis,  Naum.  Natarg.  d.  Land-u.  Wauem.  iii.  p.  479,  t.  liz. 
f.89((J)  (1799). 

Antu  glaucion,  Pall,  (nee  Linn.)  Zoogr.  Rnmo-Ax.  ii.  p.  268  (1811). 

Kytoca  nyroca.  Firm.  Phil,  of  Zool.  ii.  p.  260  (1822) ;  Lieht.  Komend. 
Av.  p.  102  (1854) ;  G  B.  Gr.  Band-tist,  iii.  p.  80,  n.  10693  (1871) ; 
Stejn.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mu».  x.  p.  137  (note)  (1887). 

Ajtbva  njroca,  Boie,  I$it,  1822,  p.  564 ;  Brehm,  lsi»,  1830,  p.  999 ; 
id.  I%.Z»ea(<cW.p.9l8(1831);  Jerd.  B.  of  Jnd.  iii.  p.  813,  n.9l» 
(1864) ;  Pels.  J.  f  O.  1868,  p.  37  (Sirinagur) ;  Merte,  (Eften.  K 
yet.-AA.  Fork.  1871,  p.  782;  HeugL  Om.  K.O.-Afr.  ii.  2,  p.  1W3 
(KoTOBka,  Tigrt)  (1873) ;  ITime  Jj-  Baideri.  Lahore  to  Yark.  p.  297 
(1873) ;  Hume,  NeUi  ^  Eggt,  p.  646  (1873) ;  Lloyd,  Ibit,  1873, 
p.  420  (Kithawar) ;  Scuilif,  Str.  Feath.  iv.  p.  202  ( Yarkand)  (1876) ; 
Sadde,  Onus  Cauca».  p.  461  (1884). 

Fuligula  njroca,  Steph.  Gen.  Zool.  xii.  2,  p.  201,  pi.  66  (1834) ;  Saw", 
Om.  ToK.  iii,  p.  138  (1831);  Eyt.  Cat.  Brit.  B.  p.  67  (1836); 
Jerd.  Madr.  Joum.  xii.  p.  222,  n.'SOl  (1840)  ;  K.  ^  B.  WirbMk. 
Eur.  pp.  liKtril,  230  (1840) ;  f'mne,  P.  Z.  S.  l»4l,  p.  7  (Little 
Thibet);  myOt,  Ibig,  1842.  p.  94  (India);  SaHL  Vem  Oa.  Miu. 


flSer);    Trutr.  GU.  OAl.  fl.  p.  48  (1889):    LUford,  Cnl.  Fi.j. 

Bril.  S.  pt,  siv.  jJ.  —  (1890) ;  Serb.  S.  Jap.  F.mp.  p.  -ifA  (nule) 

(IflflO);  Jtc/mw.  J.  f.  0.  1890,  pp.a%84;  Srnne.  NctU  and  Eyg* 

[fjatned.],  iii.  p. '293  {1890):  HarUrl,  EiU.  VogeUamml.  f.  232 

(1891);  Did).  Fatal.  l-'eH.  Biiff.,  Oa.  u.  p.477,pl.  263  (1892), 
Fulitmtu  femigiu*!*,  Sleiih.  Om.  '£onl.  xii.  2,  p.  S05  (1824) ;  Uartity, 

Handb.  Brit.  S.  p.  64  (1872). 
Ilntvpiu  leucophthalmiis,  Srehm,  Lehrb.  A'ai.  atr.  Tog.  ii.  p.  834 

( r»24) ;  PiialfT,  J.  f.  O.  1850,  p.  tJ7  (Aobalt). 
ATthvH  leucopbtbtJiu'oii,  Brthm,  Im»,  183U,  p.  999 ;  id.  t'Ug.  DeuUeU. 

p.ftl7(1831). 
NvrocB  leuctmbthftlinos.  FletH.  Bril.  An.  p.  121  (1823) ;  Eyf.  Jfon. 

Arml.  p,  1«0.  pi.  13  (skeleton  imd  tmehea)  (1838) ;  BoUr.  J.f.  O. 

18M,  p.8lJ5  (Spaiiili   Brebm,  V'^flf.  p.  380  (1865)!  £jrf.  Sp,. 

Anat.  p.  118  (1809) ;   Tn<s.  J.f.  O.  1870,  p.  56  (Algeria);  Gould, 

H.  at.  Brit.  V.  ri.  21  {pt.  xx\.,  1872). 
FuUkuU  leucophibalniB,  Oouid,  B.  Eur.  t.  pL  863  (1637);  C.  Dui. 

PL  Col.  Oit.  Bthj.  iii.  p.  279  (l*i7):  Sntrts.  TuritH.  Jev«ln. 

p.  70  (]87.'i)(   Seknie.  Om.  CentraOL  1882,  o.  b-,  id.  VSg.  tool. 

(Sdrt.p.  46il882j. 
Kyroos  ^■u<!op^ltballn^  Bp.  Comp.  list,  p.  58,  n.  423  (1838) :  id.  OU. 

Mer.  Urc.  Eur.  p.  73  (1*42) ;  O.  R.  Or.  Oen.  B.  m.  p.  021,  n.  4 

(1844);   KcAni.  8^.  Av..  Nntatore*,  t.  75.  ff.  128-130  (18*5)  i 

O.  R.  Gr.  Cat.  Hadg*.  CoH.  B.  M.  p.  147  (1&46) ;  Rcknb.  Av.  Syitl. 

A'oi.  p.  Till  (■  1852) :  Up.  Comp(.  ft-nd.  xliii.  p.  051,  n.  138  (18«i); 

L-xhe,  Cnl.  M.  ft  O.  Al>ffr.  p.  144  (1858)  i  Stde.  Ibit,  1859,  p.  304 

<E,  AtlM);  Adani*.  P.  Z.  8.  1859.  p.  190  (Cftshmufe) ;  Selat. 

P.  X.  S.  1859.  p.  442 ;   Triitr.  Ihi*,  18«>,  p.  81  (N.  Afiica) ;  O.  R. 
lodgt.  tut.  B.  .V.  2nd  ed.  p.  77  { 1863) ;  Pek.  J.f.  O. 

■  "■     "■■'■"''  ■" "  bmsdintr) :  S/ktU.I&it, 

•JUS  (1872) ;  JWtocA, 
\Z.S.  1878,  p.  479; 

Komig,  J.f.  b'  1888,  p.  28-5  (Algerift)  •. 
NyrocB  afiicnna,  ft.  R.  Gr.  Lid  B.  Brit.  Mm.  iu.  p.  144  (1844)  i 

Sahad.  El.  t're.  Hal.  p.  263  {188<i). 
Nyroea  nbaoletA,  Brehm,    Voijelf.   p.  380  (1855):   id.  Navmamutt, 

185^  p.  i>98. 
Aelhyw  nwwra,  G«*.  J.f  0. 1870,  p.  182 ;  B.,  Bl.,  R.  ^  &  J.f.  O. 

I877.p."838;  Odffi,  J./.O.  1879,p.  272. 
Fnlix  arroctt,  Salead.  Unm.  d'ltal.,  Pee.  p.  265  (1872) ;   Gigl.  Icon. 

Axif.  Hal.  sp.  361.  t«v.  361  (1881) :  OoW/.n,  J.f.  0.  1881.  p.  190. 
NyroM  femiginea.  Sharpe  &  l^nt.B.Ear.ti.  p.fiSl,  pi.  438(1872) ; 

Jh-at.  IbU,  1876.  p.  421 ;   B.  O.  V.  Lia  Brit.  B.  p.  130  (1883) ; 

Sclat.  Lilt   (*«■(.  yin,8tb(>d. p.  441  (1883);  Trintr.  Faun.  J^  Flor. 

PaUtt.  p.  117  (18841;    Claris,  Ibis.   1884,  p.  147  (Slavonia  Hod 

Ilungnry);   C.  Swinh.  ^  Bamrt,  Ibii,  J885,  p.  l.W  (C.  India); 

i)i--/rf.«i.  J./O.  1885.  p.  200;   TniV,  Ww,  1887,  p.377(I'i)rtuinil); 

Beam.  Ibit,  1891,  p.  7J  (iocub&tioD):  Siarpr.  Sie.  Tarte.  Miu., 

Ar*».  p.  132(1891);  id.  Cat.  Onlml.  Sptcim.  CtJl.  ft^rj;.  iii.  p.  300 
(I89I):  P/i-^la,  .Vtf.  AW.  xiii.  p.299,  n.  173|18U2)i  OiuC.  iVohd. 
Areh.  du  Mm.  (3)  n.  p.  102  (l^irkcstan)  (1804). 


Quid  Syrora  UutapktkaJma.Qiaat.B.Jum.  p.  408  (1847);  Albr«obt,  J.f.  O. 
2.  p.  2(17;  Hkruh,  Fr.  Philitd.  Acnd.  I8)M,  p.  72  (rrom  JimRin):  Lffit.  Oil. 
)t(l.  p.  524  (TiiDidiwl:)  (1866);  Ciiapm.  BulL  Am.  Mua.  N.  U.  ri.  p.  86 


MarilA  nTKC&,  "  F/em."  (errore),  Sfei.  Hia.  Brit.  B.  iii.  p.  670,  in 

»jwi.  F.nyrociB(188S). 
Ilvon«tt«  nyroca,  Heine  &  Behnw.  NommeL  Mut.  Hein.  Om.  p.  JH7 

(1890). 

Hybridt. 
FuligulanrrocaxF.  crisUta,  Selui,  BuH  Ac,  R.  Bntx.  xiiij.  3,  p.  15 

{18«t) ;  Leverk.  J.f.  O.  1890,  p.  2^4,  n.  10. 
Fiuigula  DjrocaxF.  marila,  Lroerk.  Lc.  n.  II. 
Fuligulanyroc&X  A.ix  sponaa,  Xofuon,  BuU.Soe.  imp.  Zool.  tTAcditn. 

X.  p.  tWfl  (18U3) ;  Levei-k.  J.f.  0. 180O,  p.  Sii,  n.  13. 

Adult  male.  Head,  neck,  and  upper  breast  rich  ehestnut;  a  small 
white  spot  on  the  chin  ;  round  the  middle  of  the  neck  a  browDish 
collar,  more  or  less  blackish ;  back,  scapulars,  rump,  and  upper  tail- 
oovorts  blackish  browu,  the  scapulars  indistincti}'  dueted  with  browa- 
chestnut;  lower  part  of  the  breast,  belly,  and  under  toil-covctts 
wtiit« ;  sides  and  flanks  brown,  tinged  with  chestnut;  sides  of  the 
vent  brown,  freckled  with  white ;  wings  blackish  brown ;  a  white 
■peculum  on  the  secondaries,  bordered  posteriorly  by  a  black  band ; 
tertials  with  a  dark  green  gloss ;  outer  primaries  dark  brown  on  the 
outer  web  and  at  the  tip,  white  on  the  inner  web,  the  remainder 
white  also  on  the  outer  web,  but  tipped  with  dark  brown ;  under 
wing-coTerts,  except  the  marginal  ones,  which  are  brown,  white 
like  the  axillariea ;  tail  blackish  brown  :  beak  and  legs  dark  lead- 
colour,  darker  on  the  webs ;  trtdes  white.  Total  length  about 
16  inohes,  wing  7'75,  tail  2-4,  cuimen  2-25,  tarsus  1-12. 

FemaU.  Similar  to  the  male,  but  duller ;  the  chestnut  of  the  head 
browner,  and  that  of  the  chest  suRused  with  white  and  less  clearly 
defined  from  the  whit«  of  the  nnderparts,  which  is  more  or  less 
tinged  with  brown ;  the  feathers  of  the  mantle  and  scapulars,  like 
those  of  the  flanks,  have  boffish-brown  pale  edges  (Setbohm). 


44.  VTBOOUu 


849 


s 

IPyi^iii.  cf  9  ad. 

etjov.  flL 
«.  2  ad.  8k. 
o.  Jav.  ak. 
jh  Imm.  ak. 
f .  Imm.  ak. 
r»  (f  ad.  ak. 

a.  (^  ad.ak. 

<.  $  imm.  ak. 

«,  9.  c^  $  ad.  ak. 
V.  c^  ad.  ak. 

•Ciy*  c^  ftd.  ak. 

a.  c^  ad.  ak. 
a'.  Juv.  ak. 

b\  Jut.  ak. 
e',  tt.  (S  ad.  8k. 
e',  (S  ad.  sk. 

/*-*'.  cJ  ad.  sk. 

&8t.  etjuv.sk. 
r.  Jiiv.  sk. 
m'.  Jiiv.  sk. 
n.  Juv.  sk. 
o*.  5  ad.  St. 
/>',  /.  cT  ftd.  sk. 
r*.  cJ  ad.  ak. 

/.  (^  ad.  sk. 

t\  ($  ad.  sk. 
«'.  cJ  juv.  sk. 
o'.  c^  ad.  sk. 

fp*.  (^  ftd.  sk. 
J-'.  PuU.  St.  ? 
y'.  Skeleton 

(imperfect), 
a".  Skeleton, 
a".  Sternum. 
6".  Sternum 

(with  shoulder- 

^idle). 

c".  Ad.  at 


Adalia,  Asia  Minor,  Bee. 

( a  Q.  Danford), 
Anluan  Sea  (220  mika  fixim 

land). 
Lenkoran,  Nov. 

Ala  Kul,  Turkestan,  May. 

Yarkand,  Aug.  {F.  StoUcika), 

Thibet 

Cashmere. 

Kandahar,  Feb. 

Kandahar,     Feb.     (Lt-Col, 

Swinhae). 
Machi,  May. 

Sukkur,  Sind,Nov.(^.O.Zr.). 
Hamal  Mehur,  Upper  Sind, 

Jan.  {A.  O.  H.), 
Larkhana,  Upper  Sind,  Jan. 

(A.  O.  H.). 
Eanepur,  Sind,  Feb. 
Hills    N.    of    Mussoorie 

(  Wihon), 
Etawah. 

Oudh,  Jan.,  Feb. 
Oudh. 

Nepal. 

Nepal  (Hod(fmn), 

Sikkim  (X.  Mamlelli), 

Darjeeling. 

Owalior. 

Bengal  (Falcon fir), 

Calcutta  Bazaar,  Feb. 

Calcutta  Bazaar,  Feb.  (Bid^ 

dulph), 
Calcutta. 
Dinapur,  Oct. 
Behar. 

Lob-nor,  Feb.  {Pr/evalsly), 

Nepal. 


England. 
England. 


Seebohm  Coll. 

J.  E.  Haztiiig,  Eaq. 

[P.l 
Seebonm  ColL 

Dr.  0.  Fwach  [C.\ 
India  Museum  [P.l 
Earl  Giffiird  [P7|. 
Hume  Coll. 
Lt-Col.  Swinhoe 

[P.]. 
Seebohm  Coll. 

Lt-Col.  Swinhoe 

[P.]. 
Hume  Ck>ll. 
Hume  Coll. 

Hume  Coll. 

India  Museum  [P.]. 
Hume  Coll. 

Hume  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 
Cai)t.    Stackhouse 
Pinwill  [P.]. 

B.  II.  Hodgson,  Esq. 

[P.l. 

India  Museum  [P.], 

Hume  Coll. 

India  Museum  QP.l 

C.  Maries,  Esq.  P.J. 
India  Museum  ^P.]. 
Colonel    Biddulph 

[P.l 
Tweeddale  Coll. 

Hume  CJoll. 
Hume  Coll. 
B.  H.  Hodgson,  Esq. 

[P.l 

Seebonm  Coll. 

Pu^cha^ed. 

B.  II.  Hodgson,  R«q. 

[P.]. 

John  Rav,  Esq.  [P.l 
G.  Ingall,  Esq.  [P.]. 


Nyroca  africana  x  Faligula  fidifjula . 

Zoological  Society. 


8.  NTTOca  innotata.    (Plata  IV.) 
Avtbia  njTCH»,  A.  MUne-Edw.  (nee  QHlderat.')  Compt.  Bend.  xci. 

p.  1036,  D.  97  (Mndiipiscar)  (1880) ;    Hnmbl.  Arch,  ties  Mui.  (3) 

viii.   p.   166   (Madnfnscar)    (I&82) ;    MUmt-EdiB.   ^   Grand.    Oa. 

Madag.  p.  734,  pi.  276 n.  f.  4  (head)  (188-2). 
Njrooa  mnotata,  Salcad.  BuU.  Br.  Om.  Clui,  no.  %x.  p.  ii  (1884) ; 

id.  Ibit,  1895,  p.  136. 

AduU  male.  Very  eimilar  to  the  male  of  N.  africatui,  from 
vhich  it  differs  in  having  the  head  and  neck  of  a  much  darker  and 
more  gloeay  chestnut ;  also  the  chestnut  colonr  of  the  breast  is 
darker;  there  is  no  distinct  hlackish-brown  collar  round  the  neck, 
separating  the  chestnut  upper  portion  from  the  lower  one ;  no 
whit«  spot  on  the  chin ;  back  and  acapulBra  brown  with  no  wavy 
lines,  nor  minutely  sprinkled  with  white.  Size  nearly  the  same 
as  that  of  N.  afrieana  :  "  iris  white ;  bill  bluish  grey,  with  the  base 
and  the  edges  black;  feet  greenish  brown"  {QrOTididier).  Total 
length  about  15-5  inches,  wing  7'8,  tail  2-5,  culmen  1-75,  tarsus  1-2. 

I  hare  seen  a  second  specimen  in  Bothschild's  collection,  abso- 
lutely identical  with  the  type. 

Hab.  Madagascar. 
a.  <JP  ftd.  Belsileo,  Madagascar.  Rev.  J.  Shaw  [C.]. 

(Type  of  speuee.) 
7.  Kyroca  avBtralis. 

Nyroea  australis,  Gould,  MSS.  ;  Eylm,  Mon.  Anat.  p.  100  (1838) ; 
a.  R.  Or.  LUt  B.  Brit.  Mu».  iii.  p.  144  (1844) ;  id.  Gen.  B.  iii. 
p.  621,  n.  6  (1844);  Gould,B.Au»tr.yi\.^\.  16  (pt.  Mvil,  1847)i 
Bchnb.  Apt.  Av.,  Natstoree,  I.  2326-27  (1850)  {ex  Gould) ;  Liekt. 
Nomencl.  Av.  p.  102  (1864) ;  Bp.  Cami^.  Bend,  xliii.  p.  6ol, 
n.  139  (1866) ;  Gould,  Handb.  B.  AttUr.  ii.  u.  377  (1865) ;  Bamt. 
Ibin,  1867,  p.  414  -,  Mm.  P.  Z.  S.  1869,  p.  280  (Melbourne) ;  Eiit. 
" ,n.  Anat.  p.  118  (1869);  Marie,  Act.  See.  Linn.  Bord.  ;  --'-'- 


44.   KTROCA.  351 

Anas  aostralis,  Oieb.  Thes,  Om»  i.  p.  345  (1872)  (sjm.  emend.). 
Ljonetta  australis,  Hein,  8f  Rchnw,  Nom,  Mus,  Hein.  Om.  p.  347 

(1890). 
Fuliffula  baeri,  Rothsch.  8^  Hartert  (nee  Radds),  Zool.  Res.  i.  [p.  684 

(Waigiou  and  Arfak)  (1894). 

Adult  male.  Head,  neck,  and  breast  dark  brown-chestnut ;  back 
and  scapulars  dark  brown,  each  feather  with  olive-brown  edges ; 
rump  uniform  dark  brown ;  abdomen  white,  but  the  lower  part  of 
it  brown  ;  sides  brown,  each  feather  with  paler  edges ;  wings  brown 
with  an  olive  gloss ;  speculum  white,  tipped  with  brown  ;  primaries 
white,  with  the  outer  web  and  tip  brown,  the  first  three  have  the 
inner  web  more  or  less  greyish  brown  near  the  shaft ;  under  wing- 
coverts  white,  except  the  marginal  ones,  which  are  brown  ;  tertials 
brown,  with  an  olive  gloss ;  tail  brown  :  **  irides  white  ;  bill  black, 
with  a  dark  slate-blue  band  at  the  tip  [nail  black] ;  front  of  tarsi 
ver}'  light  grey,  behind  darker ;  toes  very  light  grey,  membranes 
black,  bordered  with  light  grey  on  the  side  of  each  toe"  (Htitton), 
Length  about  20  inches,  wing  8*75,  tail  2'Oj  culmen  1*9, 
tarsus  1*0. 

Female.  Similar  to  the  male,  but  rather  smaller  and  duller, 
having  scarcely  any  tinge  of  chestnut  on  the  head  and  neck,  which 
are  brown. 

Young  male.  Has  the  chestnut-brown  colour  much  lighter  and 
the  feathers  of  the  back  margined  with  pale  brown  ;  it  has  also  less 
gloss  on  the  head,  and  the  brownish  white  of  the  underparts  mottled 
with  brown  {Bulhr). 

Hah.  Australia,  Tasmania,  New  Zealand,  Aucklands,  New 
Caledonia,  and  Papuan  Islands,  westwards  as  far  as  Waigiou. 

a.  ^  ad.  St.  No  locality. 

b.  S  ad.  St.  Australia.  Piircha<»efl. 

c.  Juv.  St.  Australia.  Lady  ('jirrinp^ton  ''P.], 

d.  (S  ad.  sk.  Australia.  Sir  ]).  Ccxjper  [P.]. 

e.  (S  ad.  f»k.  Australia.  (lould  Coll. 

/,  ^,  h.  2  ad.  et        Austraha.  Siilviu-Godmau  Coll. 

]uv.  sk. 

t,  k.   cTad.  et  imm.     New  South  Wales.  Australian  Museum  [P.]. 

sk. 

/.  cf  ad.  sk.  Lawrence  River  (/rr/wy).     Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

m.  cT  ad.  sk.  S.  Australia.  Cipt.  Sir  G.  Gn'v  4\]. 

n,  Juv.  sk.  Tasmania.  II.  J.  Klwes,  Esqi.  [P.\ 

8.  Nyroca  brunnea. 

Anas  capensis,  Cur.  (nrc  Gm.)^  .\fits.  PariA. ;  Le.<iA.  Tr.  d'Orff.  p.  0.32, 

n.  ;>9(1KU)   (drscr.  inc(jmpl.)  ;  Piichpr.  It4'i\  of  Mat/.  Zooi.  \8i)(), 

p.  545;  Ilartt.  J.  f.  O.  l8.>j,  p.  419;   Gied.  T/irs.  Orn.  i.  p.  340 

(part.)  (1872). 
Fulijfula  capensifl,  Smith,  Cat.  South  Afr.  Mus.  p.  80,  n.  380  (1837) 

(descr.  nulla) ;  S<'hh<j.  Mm.  P.-Jl,  Anseres,  p.  31  (18<>0) ;  Sclat. 

P.  Z.  S.  18S0,p.  520;  Rrhnw.  Orn.  Centralh.  1882,  p.  5 ;  itl.  Vot/. 

zool.  Oiirt.   p.   40   (iaS2);    TriMr.    Cat.    Coll.  B.  p.  48  (1880); 

Hartert,  Kat.  Vof/fUamml.  p.  232  (18J)1);  Rchnw.  Vog.  Deutsch- 

Ost'A/r.  p.  20  (Kibaya,  Maasai)  (1894). 


F  FuligulB  Interelis,  Stnitk,  Cat.  South-Afr.  Mat.  p.  S6,  n.  331  (1887) 

(desci.  nulla). 
NyrocR  brunnfia,  Eyl.  Mm.  Anat.  p.  161,  pi.  23  (1838) ;  O.  R.  Gr. 

Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  021,  n.  tf  (1844) ;  Striekt.  if  Sdat.  Contr.  Om.  1862, 

L160   (Damani);    liolh,  J.  f.   O.   1666,  p.   165  (Zool.  Gwd.)  i 
yard,  liirdi  S.  A/r.  p.  3fiS  (1857);   Eyt.  Syn.  Anat.  p.  119 

(1869) ;  Ayrei,  IbU,  1871,  p.  266 ;  Boe.  Joni.  Ac.  Sc.  LUboa,  1871, 

p.  279, 1872,  P.  70. 
FulLKula  mariloides,  Biytk  {nee  Yarrett),  J.  A.  8.   B.  lii.  p.  180 

(Cape  of  Good  Hope)  (1843) ;  id.  Cat.  B.  Mus.  A.  S.  B.  p.  386, 

n.  1786(1849). 
NvrocB  camnsiB,  PucAer.  Bev.  et  Mag.  Zvol.   1850,  p.  548;  Sartl. 

'J./.  O.  1855,  p.  419. 
Aythiacaperisia,/(p.  amip*..Bm(f.xliii.p.G61,n.l41  (18fl6fi   O.  R. 

Gr.  Hand-li$t,  iii.  p.  86,  d.  10U62  (1871);  Gum.  in  Andent.   B. 

Damara-L.,  p.  342  (1872)  ;  Boc.  Jam.  Ac.  So.  Liiboa,  1873,  p.  290  i 

id.  J.  f.   0.  18711,  p.  294  (ilosiamedes) ;  id.   On.   Avg.  p.   605 

{\m\);  Batl.,  Feild.^  Beid,Zoolog.\m2,-p.A'2H{'Sa.\ii.)i  Biiboit, 

BuU.  Mu*.  Rov.  H.  N.  de  Bdg.  It.  p.  150,  n.  195  (Tanganyika) 

(1886);  KuKhet,J.f.  O.  Z895,  p.Si  (eitB). 
Fuligula  brunnea.  Gum.  Ibit,  1864,  p.  365  (Natal) ;  Sclal.  List  Verl. 

An.  8th  ei).  p.  440  (1883) ;  Saivad.  Ann.  Ma*.  Civ.  Gen.  (2)  i. 

p.  248  (Shoft)  (1884). 
FiuipuU  nyrocH,  Vhapm.  [nee  GOldenfl.)  Trav.  in  South  Afr.,  App. 

p.  4-J3  (1"868). 
Fuligula    meridionals,    HarUrt,   Kal.   VogeUamml.  p.  233,  note 

(1891). 
Aythya  capensis,  ShelU;/,  Ibit,  1894,  p.  478  (Zomba). 

Adult  male.  Head  and  upper  part  of  the  neck  dark  cbestnat 
with  a  purple  gluss,  apper  part  of  the  head  and  nape  darker,  almoet 
black ;  lower  nock  blaok,  changing  into  brown-black  on  the  upper 
parts ;  mantle  and  scapulars  finely  speckled    with   pole   brown  ; 

breast  browu,  clianging  into   glossy   prc-jish   brown   on   the  ta\ 


43.  HTBOCA.  358 

4,6.  <f  $id.tlL        Itio  GoKMsa,  W.  AM(»,  Jan.  Shelley  Coll. 

(Anckieta), 

e.  (f  ad.  St.               DMnanrlaDd.  C.  J.  Andenson,  Esq. 

A  $  ad.  ak.              Damara-land.  Tweeddale  Coll. 

€,/.  (f  $  ad.  ak.        S.  Africa.  Sir  A.  Smith  [P.]. 

(Types  of  the  speciea.) 

^.  $  ad.  ak.               Reit  Pan,    Rhenoater    R.,  J.  H.   Gurney,  Esq. 

Cape    Colony,   May   (T,  [P.]. 

Ayres), 

k.  ^  ad.  ak.               Port  Natal  (Ayres),  Shelley  Coll. 

u  2  juv.  sk.               Natal.  Eytun  ColL 

Jb.  $  ad.  ak.               Newcastle,  Natal,  Sept.  Capt.  S.  G.  Reid  [P.]. 

I.  <^  ad.  sk.                 Transvaal  (T.  Ayres).  Tweeddale  Coll. 

111,11.  cf  $  ad.  sk.       Transvaal  (T.  Ayres),  Shelley  Coll. 

o.  dad.ak.                Near  Potchefstroom   (7\  J.  H.   Gurney,  Esq. 

Ayres),  [P.]. 

/».[$] ad.  sk.             Marico.  F.  A.  Barrett,  Esq. 

[P.]. 

g.  S  ad.  sk.               2^mbesi.  Dr.  Bradshaw  [CJ. 

r,  a,  f .  d  $  ad.  et       Zomba     R.,     Nvassa-land,  H.  H.  Johnston,  Esq., 

$  ?  sk.                        May,  June  {A!  Whyte),  C.R  [P.]. 


9.    Nyroca  nationi. 

Fuligula  nationi,  SclaL  8f  Salv.  P.  Z.  S,  1877,  p.  622  (Lima) ;  Sclat. 
P.  Z,  S.  1878,  p.  477,  pi.  xxxii. ;  Garrod^  I.  c.  p.  479  (trachea) ; 
Tacz.  Om.  PSr.  iii.  p.  484  (1886) ;  ?  MacFarL  Ibis,  1887,  p.  203 
(Arica  and  Mollendo) ;  Berl,  <$•  Stolzm.  P.  Z.  S.  1892,  p.  899. 

Type,  Very  similar  to  the  male  of  N,  brunnea^  but  the  brown 
ooloor  of  the  underparts  apparently  a  little  more  reddish. 

Ancfther  specimen,  marked  male,  cannot  be  distinguished  from 
some  adult  males  of  N,  hrunnea  ! 

I  belieye  both  specimens  mentioned  below  to  be  males,  and 
althoug^h  similar  to  those  of  the  African  N,  brunnea,  I  refrain 
for  the  present  from  uniting  iV.  nationi  with  the  African  species, 
and  prefer  waiting  for  the  reception  of  additional  South-American 
specimens.* 


*    NtuOCA  EKmiROPIITHALMA. 

Anas  erythrophthalina.  IVied,  Beitr.  iv.  p.  929  (Villa  de  Belmonte, 
S.  Braxil)  (1832);  J  Hartl.  Verz.  Ges.  Mus.  p.  119  (Brazil)  (1844)  t; 
Bp.  Compt.  Bend,  xliii.  p.  649,  n.  73  (1856);  Burm.  Si/st.  Uebers. 
Thiere  Bras.  iii.  p.  438  (1856) ;  Peh.  Om.  Bras,  p.  460  (1870) ;  G.  B. 
Gr.  Hand-list,  iu.  p.  82,  n.  10653  (1871);  Gieb.  Thes.  Oni.  i.  p.  a'H) 
(1872) ;  Salv.  Ibis,  1874,  p.  319  (type) ;  Sclai.  #  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1876. 
p.  899  (note) ;  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  N.  H.  ii.  p.  269  (types)  (1889). 

Only  known  from  the  types  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  in 
Kew  York ;  thuiks  to  Mr.  Allen,  these,  after  my  departure  from  London,  were 
■enl  for  inspection  to  Mr.  SaWin.  who  writes  to  me  as  follows: — 

*'Tbe  types  of  Ana»  rrythrophtkaima,  Wied,  are  in  old  worn  and  faded 

t  Dr.  Hartlanb  writes  to  me  that  the  specimen  attributed  by  him  to  this 

in  1844  is  no  longer  in  the  Brsman  Museum. 
TOL.ZZTII.  2  k 


354  iSATiDX. 

The  only  apecimena  known  of  N.  witioni  are  those  mentioned 
below,  and  I  do  aot  koow  whether  those  mentioned  by  MaoFarlane 
really  belong  to  thia  apecioa. 

Hab.  Vicinity  of  Lima,  Peru. 
a.  Ad.  sk.  Lima,  Peru  (Prof.  Nation). 


6.  (T  ad.  sk.  Lima,  Peru  (Prof,  yation). 

e.  Trachfawith     Lima,  Peru  [Prof.  Nation). 
bulla  oaaea. 


SHlvia-Oodmsn  Coll. 

(Type  of  specips.) 
SnlviD-Oodman  Coll. 
Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 


45.  FULIQULA.  _ 

Type. 

Fuligula,  Stph.  Gen.  Zool.  xii.  2,   p.  187  (1824)  (cf. 

Simdev.  Metk.  nat.  Av.  diip.  Tent.  p.  148) F.  fuligula. 

Plntypun,  pt.,  Brehm,  Lthri.  d.  Natarg.  Ew.   Vog.  ii. 

pp.  805. 999  (1824)  (mc  Shaw,  1793). 
FuliT,   Suwten.  Kongl.    Vet.-Ak.   Handl.  8tockh.   1836, 

p.  129  (1836)  (=PIittypu8  and  Hydrobatea);  Baird, 

B.  N.  Am.  p.  790  (1858)    F.  fuligula. 

Mariln,  Bp.  Compt.  Bend,  xliii.  p.  661,  gen.  48  (1S56) 

{nee  Reknh.  1852)    F.  raarila. 

KettarioD,Bairrf,B.JV.^OT.  p.  790(1868) F.  fuligula. 

Raw/e.  Northern  Heraiaphere  and  New  Zealandian  subregion. 

Key  to  the  SpeMa. 
a.  Speculum  white,  tipped  with  black. 
a'.  Back  and  acapulare  in  adult  males  grejiah 
white,  irreguliiTly  waved  or  zigta^ed  with 
black;  no  distinct  crest ^  abdomeu  white. 
a".  Head,  oeck,  and  cheat  uDiform  black,  the 


L 


if'.    No   pendent   occipiUl   crest ;    abdomen 
diuky,   waved   wilh    blnck    and   white 

irreeuUr  liae^  in  adult  make noca   wilandia, . 

b.  S^idum  bliiiah  giey;  head,  nock,  and  chest  [p.  3 


collar  of  chestnut eoUarit,  p.  370. 

1 .  TnlignTft  irmriln.. 
Tlw  Scaup. 

Fuligula  gasneri,  Sai/,  Si/n.  p.  142,  A.  6  (1713). 
Glaudum  minas  striatum,  Briai.  Om.  vi.  p.  416  (1760). 
Anas  mania,  itmt.  S.  X.  i.  p.  190,  n.  8  (1706) ;  Om.  S.  y.  i.  2, 

p.  509,  n.  8  (1788) ;  ZnfA.  InH.  Om.  il.  p.  853,  n.  64  (1790) ; 

Bonn.  Em.  MHh.  \.  p,  lSi>  (1790) ;  Lath.  Tf.  Linn.  Soc.  iv.  p.  IIS 

tab,  nr.  S,  3.  4  (tracbsa)  (1796) ;  Pall  Zotxr.  Souo-At.  ii.  p.  248 

(1811);   Tmm.  Man.  dOrn.  p.  562  (1815);  LraeA,   Cat.  p.  39 

(1816)  i   VifilL  y.  D.  V.  p.   137  (1816) ;  Dum.  Diet.  Se.  yat.  vi, 

p.  374  (1817);  Temm.   Man.  2nd  ed.  ii.  p.  865  (1820);  Lickt. 

Ven.  Dmbl.  p.  86  (leelund;  Cyprus)  (1823);  Lett.  Tr.  aOrn. 

P.6S2  (part.)  (1831);   Tfmm.  Man.  2Dd  ed,  It.  p.  545  (1840); 

SdUtg.  iUv.  Cnt.  p.  cu  (1844) ;  JVaum,  Viig.  DtuUcU.  jql  p.  88, 

Taf.  311  (1844);  Pdul.J./.O.   1853,  p.  242  (Lapland);  Brelm, 

J.f.  0. 1854,  p. 84  (Egypt) ;  Midd.  Sibir.Seit.  u.  2,  p.  238  (1853) ; 

MiiU.  J.f.  0.  186-5,  p.  232  (Provence) ;  Xrupcr,  NaumanTua,  1857, 

p.  44  (Iceland) ;  Kita.  Denhc.  iL  pp.  313,  378.  401  I185S);  Blot. 

m  JVoBW.  Vay.  DeuhcU.  liii.  2,  p.  312  (1860);  Pnew.  Pufaeh. 

Uuur.n.iW(lS70)iSomq/er,J./.0.  1870,  p.  433  (E.  Siberia) ; 

GuA.  Tht4.  O™.  i.  p.  3511  (part.)  ( 1872). 
f  Anas  eubterrauaa,  Scop.  Ann.  I.  Hitt.  yat.  p,  67,  n.  83  (1789) '. 
Scaup  Duck,  Fenn.  Brit.  Zo,J.  ii.  p.  686,  d.  276,  pi.  100  (1776); 

LatA.  Sipi.  iii.  2.  p.  500,  a.  49  (1785). 
Hillouinan,  D'Aubent.  PI.   Eni.   1002;    Buff.  UUl.   yat.   Oit.  ix. 

p.  229  (1783). 
Anas (renala,  i^rrm.  Mm.   Carh.  t.  38  (2)  (1786);  Bonn.  Enc. 

Mitk.   i.   p.   144.  pi.  31.  f.  2  (1790);    VieiU.   N.  1).   «.  p.   109 

(=n»rila2)(181fl). 
Nyroca  marlU,  FUm.  P&il.  of  Zool.  ii.  p.  260  (1823) ;  id.  Brit.  An. 

p,  122  (1828), 
Aythya  marila,  Bwe, /«»,  1822,  p.  604;  Brelim.  hit,  \S30.  p.  198; 
id.  rag.  DfUlichl.  p.  912  (1831) ;  Bp.  Cat.  Met.  Uct:.  Eur.  p.  73 

(1812);  FritKk,  J.f.  O.  1872,  p.  371  (Bohemia);  Sl^.  BuU. 

"  bill  plumbeoua,  like  the  legi ;  irii  r«d,  pnler 


Hob.  VaU  de  BelmouiG,  6.  Bruil. 

It  iMinu  oitrenwlj  iikelv  thnt  the  Braiilian  JV,  frsthrophfhalma  (Wied),  the 
Ferurian  .V.  nalvnu.  and  the  African  N,  brimiua  are  ono  and  the  tanie  ipecica, 
wbicb  will  bale  to  stand  under  the  name  af  N.  rrpfhrophlialiiui,  coranioii  to 
Sontb  A/rioa  and  South  America  ;  the  cue  would  be  aimjlar  U>  thai  of  Dtudro- 
q/ma  viduala  and  D./alva.  which  are  alw)  fouud  is 
M  ntonding  eieu  to  India, 


Cf.  Naoroann  (T.  D.  »i.  p.  88,  note),  who  decidedly  jtates  ijial  S™poli'« 


U.S.  Xat.  Mux.  no.  29,  p.   160  (Bering  I)  (188.5);  id.  Pr.  U.S. 

Nat.  Mu».  X.  p.  137  (Bering  I.,  and  Copper  1.)  (1887). 
Anas  marina  {errort  P),  Drap.  Diet.  Class.  H.  N.  iii.  p.  136  (1823). 
Fuligula  marila,  Stepk.  Gen.  Zool.  xii.  2,  p.  108  (1824) ;  Savi,  Om. 

7W.  iii.  p.  123(1831);  Jen. Man. -p.  2^  (iSS5)  ;  Oould,  B.Eur. 

V.  rd.  371   (1837);  £yt.  Mm.  Anat.  p.   156  (1838);  Bp.  Oomp. 

Hit,  p.  68,  n.  425  (18^) ;   r.>.  Zool.  Voy.  Blossom,  p.  37  (1839) ; 

Etys.  ^  Bbu.   Wirbflth.  Ew.  pp.  IxMvii,  230  (1840) ;  Setyi-L. 

Faun.  Bdg.  p.  145  (1842) ;  MacgiUiv.  Man.  Om.  ii.  p.  188  (1842)  ; 

Hartl.  Ven.  GfS.  Mm.  p.  120  (1844) ;  G.  E.  Gr.  List  B.  Mr.  Mut. 

iii.  p.  143  (1844) ;  id.  Gen.  S.  iii.  p.  621,  a  3  (1845) ;  Rcimi. 

&n.  vie,  Natatore9.t.  76.11.131-133(1845);  i^.  Cat.Hodgs.CoiL 

B.  M.  p.  147  (Nepal)  (1848) ;  Dfgl.  Om.  Eur.  ii.  p.  453  (1849) ; 

Blytk,   Cat.  B.  Mas.   A.  S.   B.  p.  806,  n.   1787  (1849);   Lichl. 

Nomencl.    Ae.    p.    102   (1864);     Wallengr.    Nautnannia,    1854, 

p.   274;    Hetigl   &/st.    Uebers.    n.  702  (%jpt)  (1856);    SwinA. 

Ibi»,  1860.   p.   67   (China);    Powgs,    ibid.    p.   ^54    (Livitarza); 

fSeinh.    Ibis,    1861,    p.    13    (Greenland);    Sminh.   Ibis,    1861, 

p. 345  (N. China),  1862,  p.  254  (Foochow),  1863,  p. 434  (Formosii) ; 

id.  P.  Z.  S.  180.1,  p.  324;  G.  R.  Gr.  LiU  Br.  S.  p,  199  (1863); 

id.  Cat.  Botfys.  CoU.  B.  M.  2nd  ed.  p.  77  ( 1863) ;  Jerd.  B.  of  Ind. 

iii.    p.   814   (1864);    Tristr.  P.  Z.  S.   1804,   p.  464  (PalestiQc); 

Nordm.  J./.O.  1864,   p.  379  (FinUnd  and  Lapland);   Drotie, 

ibid.  p.  428  (Borkum) ;  Srhltg.  Mut.  P.-B.,  Anseres,  p.  26  (Japan) 

(1866) ;    WhiUly,  Ibis,  1867,  p.  208  (Hakodadi)  ;  Dfgl.  Om.  Eur. 

ii.  p.  636  (1867) ;  Triitr.  lbi»,  1883,  p.  328  (Paleatine) ;  Drosfe. 
Vogetw.  Borkum,   p.  206  (1869)  ;  Gould,  B.  Gr.  Brit.  v.  pi.  34 

(pt  ivi.,  1869) :  Broste,  J.  f.  0.  1868,  p.  347  (Faroe) ;  Eltces  .$■ 

Muckl.  Ibis,  1870,  p.  340  (Macedonia) :  G.  JR..  Gr.  Hand-liU.  iii. 

p.  86,  n.  10686  (part.)  (1871) ;  SkrH.  B.  of  Egypt,  p.  290  (1872) ; 

Couet,  Key,  p.  288  (1872) ;  Taa.  J./.  O.  1873,  p.  110  (Darasun) ; 
Covet,  B.  A'.-  West,  p.  673  (paM.)  (1874) ;  Blanf.  East.  Pert.  ii. 
p.  302(CaBpiftn)  (1876);  Srsb.  ^  H.-Bratcn,  Ibi>.  1876,  p.  445 


46.  TULxevLA.  357 

F\§tmm  uMriluy  Br^km,  Lehrb.  NeOwrg.  eur.  VSg.  ii.  p.  880  (18S4). 
AytbTft  kUndica,  i^^wAfli, /«w,  18S0,  p.  gge,  n.  1 ;  id.  Vog.  DaOaM. 

p.  §11  (1881). 
Ajthra kuconotos, ^r0^ Im,  18S0, p. 998,  n.  3 :  tdl  Vog.DeuUM, 

p.  913  (1831). 
Foliffala  gemeri,  ^yf.  Cat,  Br.  B,  p.  58  (1836) ;  Jard,  Br.  Birds,  'vr. 

p.  138,  pL  6  (1837) ;  Wright,  Ibis,  1869,  p.  264. 
FiUigula  marina,  8w,  Class.  B.  ii.  p.  368  (1836). 
Faligula  marilla,  But.  Mon.  Anat.  p.  156  (1838) :  id.  Syn.  Anat. 

p.  114  (1869). 
Platypus  marila,  SchUJing,  J.f.  0. 1853,  p.  378. 
Faligula  islaodica,  Brehm,  Vogdf.  p.  381  (1855) ;  id.  Nautnanma, 

1855,  p.  298. 
Faligula  leuconotos,  Brehmy  Vogelf.  p.  381  (1855) ;  id.  Naumannia, 

1855,  p.  298. 
Marila  mnata,  Bp.  Compt.  Rend,  xliii.  p.  651,  n.  135  (1856) ;  Locke, 

Cat.  Mamm.  et  Ois.  AlgSr.  p.  144  (Lake  Halloula)  (1858). 
Fulix  marila,  Cass.  Pr.  Acad.  Philad.  1802,  p.  322  (Loo-choo  1.) ; 

Lawr.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  viii.  p.  297  (1866) ;  O.  R.  Gr.  Hand-list,  iii. 

p.  86,  n.  10686  (part.)  (1871 ) ;  Swinh.  P.  Z.  S.  1871,  p.  419  (China 

and  Formosa)  ;  id.  Ibis,  1873,  p.  367,  1876,  p.  457  (Hakodadi; ; 

Heugl.  Om.  N.O.-Afr.  ii.  2,  p.  1339  (1873);  Stoinh.  Ibis,  1875, 

p.  456  (Hakodadi) ;  David  4"  Oust.  Ois.  Chine,  p.  607  (1877) ; 

Radde,  Omis  Caucas.  p.  462  (1884) ;  Tacz.  P.  Z.  JS.  1888,  p.  460 

(Corea) ;  Sharpe,  Cat.  Osteol.  Specim.  Coll.  Surg.  iii.  p.  306  (1891). 
Anas  (Fuligula)  marila,  Radde,  Reis.  8.  O.-Sibir.  ii.  p.  376  (Baikal) 

(1863). 
Platypus  marila,  Dgb.  ^  Parr.  J.f.  O.  1868,  p.  339  (Dauria). 

Hybrids. 

Fuligula  marila  X  Nyroca  leucophthalma,  Sclat.  List  Vert.  An.  8th  ed. 

p.  440  (1883). 
FiQigula  marila xF.  nyroca,  Leverk.  J.f.  O.  1890,  p.  22{). 
Fuligula  marila xClangula  glaucion,  lieverk.  J.f.  O.  1890,  p.  226. 

North  America  (F.  nearctica). 

Fuligula  marila,  Bp.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  ii.  p.  393  (part.)  (1826)  ;  Bp. 
£k/n.  p.  392  (18^) ;  Ste.  <J-  Rich.  Faun.  Bor.-Am.  ii.  p.  453  (part.) 
(1831);  NuU.  Man.  ii.  p.  437  (part.)  (1834);  Bp.  Comp.  List, 
p.  58,  n.  389  (part.)  (1838) ;  Aud.  B.  Am.  vii.  p.  356,  pi.  498 
(1843) ;  Giraud,  B.  Long  Isl.  p.  321  (1844) ;  Be  Kay,  N.  Y.  Zool. 
ii.  p.  323  (1844);  G.R.  Gr.  List  B.  Brit.  Mus.  iii.  p.  143 
(specim.  h)  (18U) ;  Denny,  P.  Z.  S.  1847,  p.  40 ;  ?  Cass.  U.S. 
Expl.  Exp.,  Mamm.  8f  Om.  p.  343  (Oregon)  (1868);  Wied, 
J.  f.  O.  18o9,  p.  170 ;  Heerm.  P.  R.  R.  Rep.  x.  pt.  iv.  p.  70  (1859) ; 
U^edd.  <S-  Hurdis,  Natural,  in  Berm.  pp.  49,  ^  (1869) ;  ?  Reinh. 
Ibis,  1861,  p.  13  (Greenland);  G.  R.  Gr.  Hand-list,  iii.  p.  86, 
n.  10686  (part.)  (1871);  Coues,  Key,  p.  289  (1872);  id.  Check- 
list, n.  600  (1873) ;  id.  Birds  N.-  West,  p.  673  (i)art.)  ( 1874) ;  Sclat. 
4-  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  35)9  (Mazatlan) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880, 
p.  525  (part.);  Coues,  Check-list,  2nd  ed.  p.  114,  n.  720  (1882); 
Brandt,  J.f  O.  1891,  p.  268  (Sitka). 

Falix  mania,  Baird,  B-  N.  Am.  p.  791  (1858) ;  id.  Cat.  N.  Am.  B. 
n.  588  (1859) ;  Bryant,  Pr.  Bost.  Soe.  N.  H.  vii.  p.  122  (Bahamas) 
(1860) ;  Cbap.  4*  SuekL  N.  H.  Wash.  Terr.  p.  258  (1800) :  Bo$$, 
Canad.  Natural.  April  1862 ;  Blakisi.  Ibis,  1863,  p.  147  (Brit.  N. 
Am.);  I^mt. /M,  1806, p. 48  (Tezaa) ;  ?Br9wnjlhi$,m»,^4S6 


(VenGOiiTer)  i  DaU  ^  Batm.  Tr.  Chic.  Aead.  i.  p.  398  (1869) ; 

AOat,  BuS.  Mta.  Comp.  2o6i.  iii.  p.  183  (Kfuuu  emd  UUb)  (1872) ; 

Stiatti,B.Kaia.^.\\  (1873);  Zowr,  Mem.  Sort.  SocW.  J.  ii.  p.  316 

(MuatUa)  (1874) ;  Rydgvi.  Nommcl.  X.  Am.  B-  a.  614  (1681) ; 

B.,  B.,  ^  Jt.  Water-B.  N.  Am.  ii.  p.   18  (part.)  (1884) ;   Cona, 

Key  N.  Am.  B.  2nd  ed.  p.  701,  n.   720  (part.)  (1884);  NtkrC 

J.f.  0. 1885,  p.  147 ;  MaUclue  ^  Zumer,  ibid.  p.  101  (BBring  Sea), 
P  FuLfnila  mariloidee,  Witd  (mc  Vig.),  J.f.  O.  1859,  p.  176  (Mi»- 

souri). 
Anu  mftrila,  MaH.  J.  f.  O.  1869,  p.  221  (Bennuda) ;  WaOer,  IbtM, 

1860,  p.  166  (Godhavn,  Greenland);  Gi^.  Thei.  Om.  i.  p.  366 

(1872). 
Ajthva  marila  nearetica,  Sltjn.  BuU.  U.S.  Hal.  Miu.  no.  29,  p.  161 

(1685)  i  A.  0.  U.  CheeMUt  N.  Am.  B.   p.    119,  n.  148  (1886) ; 

Tumtr,  CoTttr.  N.  H.  Alaska,  p.   133  (1886) ;  Nektm,  Nat.  Bid. 

Coil,  in  Ataika,  p.  71  (1887) ;  Eidgw.  Man.  JV.  Am.  B.  p.  103 

(■1887);  Richmond,  Auk,  1888,   p.   19  (Mt.  Vernon,  Columbia); 

MtrriU,  ibid.  p.  142   (Oregon);   Schahv,  J.f.  0.   1891,  p.  268; 

Satth,  B.  o/Mirma.  p.  58  (1802) ;  Mackay,  Auk,  1894,  p.  S25. 
Fuliguia  mania  nearctica,  HarUrt,  Eat.  Vogeliamml.  p.  232  (1891). 

EaiUm  Alia  (F.  mariloideB). 

Fnligula  marila.  Vig.  Zool.  Votf.  'Bloitom,'  p.  81  (1839). 

Fnlifpila  mariloides.  Via.  Zool.  Voy.  'Blouom,'  p.  31  [in  text)  (18S9) ; 
O.  S.  Or.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  621,  n.  4  (part.)  (1844) ;  Cam.  Pr.  Ac 
PhUad.  1862,  p.  322  (Loo-choo  I.) ;  Selat.  P.  Z.  S.  1873,  p.  812 
(Zool.  Oard.) ;  Sioinh.  Ibit,  1877,  p.  147 ;  David  <$-  Ou*t.  Ota. 
Chine,  p.  608  (1877) ;  Vian,  BuU.  Soc.  Zool.  Fr.  iii.  p.  61  (1878) : 
Blakia.  ^  Pryer,  Ibit,  1878,  p.  216  (Yeio);  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880, 
p.  526 ;  BdtniB.  Om.  Centralbl.  1882,  p.  5 ;  id.  VSg.  tool.  Oart. 
p.  46  (1882);  Sctat.  Zitl  Vert  An.  Sth  ed.  p.  440  (1883);  SXytm, 
Ibi*,  1891,  p.  497. 

Fulix  mariloidee,  Swinh.  P.  Z.  S.  1673,  p.  412  (Ningpo) ;  id.  IHa, 
1875,  p.  467  (Hakodadi) ;  Blak,,it.  fr  Pryer,  Tr.  A,.  Soc.  Japan,  i. 


45.  vvLiucui.  359 

neck,  snd  breast  brown  ;  upper  parts  dark  browii,  the  back  and 
BcapuJarB  slightly  vermiculated  with  whit«  ;  underporls  white  below 
the  breast ;  flaaka  brown,  more  or  less  verm ioulat*d  with  white; 
vent  a,uA  under  tail-coverts  dark  brown,  slightly  vennlculated  with 
while ;  wiogs  duller  and  browner  than  in  the  male,  the  upper 
wing-coverta  much  less  vermicnlated  with  white :  bill  and  l^;s 
darker  than  in  the  male.     Size  aomewhat  less. 

Yotmg  male  has  the  white  at  the  base  of  the  bill  like  the  adult 
female,  but  it  is  of  a  darker  and  richer  colour. 

Matt  in  first  nvptial  drtM  has  leas  green  metallic  gloss  on  tho 
head  and  neck  ;  the  black  breast-feathers  have  white  margins  ;  tho 
black  under  tail-coverts  are  more  or  less  vermiculated  ;  in  the  ver- 
micnlations  of  tho  lower  mantle,  scapulare,  and  wing-coverte  the 
dark  brown  predominates  orer  the  white. 

Male*  in  moulting  pliiniatjf  closely  refiemble  adult  females. 

Tount/  tn  down  closely  resemble  those  of  the  Tufled  Duck  (Sa- 
hohm) :  "  crown,  nape,  and  upper  parts  uniform  dark  olive-brown ; 
throat,  sides  of  the  head,  and  fore  part  of  the  neck  yellowish  white  ; 
a  dolt  greyish  band  crosses  the  lower  neck,  rest  of  the  nnderparts 
dull  yellowish,  the  flanks  greyish  yellow ;  upper  mandible  blackish, 
tooth  of  the  beak  yellowish ;  under  mandible  yellow  "  ( Dretstr). 

According  to  Dr.  Stejneger,  the  American  form  (nraredea)  has 
the  pnmaries,  from  the  fourth  quill,  with  a  grejish — not  white — 
area  ou  the  inner  web.  I  must  confess  that  I  have  not  been  able 
to  appreciate  the  difference.  Also  the  Eanl-ern  Asiutio  birds  are 
considered  by  the  American  ornithologists  to  belong  to  a  distinct 
form,  allied  to  F.  nj^'iw,  but  differing  in  having  the  "sis  inner 
primaries  with  a  distiuct  white  space  on  inner  weha  as  in  F.  mnrila." 

The  Chioese  and  Japanese  birds  examined  by  me,  and  among 
them  are  those  mentioned  and  described  by  Swinhoe  as  biJonging 
to  F.  mariloidu,  Vig.,  are  not  conetautly  smaller  than  tiie  Western 
birds  (marila) ;  sometimes  they  ore  intermediate  between  Ime 
F.  marila  and  F.  affinij,  not  only  in  siic,  but  also  in  the  colour  of 
the  head,  which  shows  some  purple  reflections.  Are  these  fpeciracns 
hybrids  ? 

fftifi,  PalEearctic  llepion,  from  Iceland  to  Kamt-schatka,  breeding 
in  the  Arctic  Begion  as  far  north  as  lat.  70°  ;  winters  sparingly  in 
the  basin  of  the  Mediterrauean,  but  (to  my  knowledge)  not  reaching 
Abyssinia,  as  stated  by  Mr.  Seebobm  ;  it  winters  also  in  the  basins 
of  the  Black  8ea  and  Caspian ;  rare  in  Northern  India ;  winters  on 
Lake  Baikal,  China,  Formosa,  and  Japan. 

Tho  Scaup  inhabits  also  the  Nearctic  Region,  breeding  far  north- 
ward ;  southwards  in  winter  to  Guatemala. 


a.  ,S  ad.  «k. 
£.  S  ad.  ak. 
A  9  ad.  sk. 


No  locnlitv. 

Tiree,  Scotland,  Aug. 

Rnh    of    Forth.    Scotland, 

Jan.  (E.  O.  W.  R.) 
Yarmouth,  Norfolk. 

Walberswich,  Korfulk.  Feb. 
(  H'.  TyhT). 


Tweeddale  Coll. 
Colonel  Irbv  [P.], 
Tweeddftle  toll. 

Clark  Kennedy,  Esa. 

[CI. 
Seebohm  Coll. 


360 

y.  A.  rf  2  «l.  A, 
i,k.  as  ad.A. 
I.  $  ad.  St. 

m.  $  ad.  St. 
n.  cf  ad.  sk. 

0.  rf  Rd.  at. 

}>.  (}  ad.  sk. 
?,  r.  cJ  S  ad.  St. 

>.    £  Bd.  sk. 


u.  (Jjuv.sk. 
^--■.<J$»d.,imra., 

ft',  C.    5  9  sd.ik. 


Beccles,  Norfolk,  Dec.  (7". 

£.  Gunn). 
Cambridge  Market,  Not. 


SomeroetshiTe. 
Hampshire. 
Kingsbury  Reservoi 


Salvia-Godmau  CoU. 

Purchased. 

Earl  of  Cawdor  [P.]. 

Monta^  Coll. 
Montagu  CoU. 
J.  E.  Hartiiig,  Esq. 

[P.]. 
Dr.  O.  Fitweh  [P.]. 
Old  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 


Langiurskaja,  Ob,  Sept. 

Uurgaon,  Delhi,  March  (  W. 

If.  Chill). 
Amoy,  China,  Jan  (S.  Smn-    Seebohm  Coll. 

Aoe). 
Amoy,  winter. 
Ningpo,     ChiuB,    Oct.     {B. 

Sicittkiie). 
Hakodadl,      Japan,     April, 


g",  a;  r.  tf  ad.  sk. 
e,  r.  (J  S  ad.  ek. 

m'-j'.  J  J  imm. 

et  pull.  ak. 
r'.  $  ad.  ek. 
«'.  a  ad.  sk. 
('.  2  ad.  sk. 

u".  cJ  ad.  sk. 


Yokohama.  Japan,  Dec,  (S. 

Nagasaki,  Japan,  Feb. 
N.  America. 

St  Michael's,  Alaska,  June, 
Aug.,Oct.(£.  W.Ndton). 
Brit.  Coluoilaa. 
Vancouver's  Island. 
Canada. 


F.  Ringer,  Esq.  |T.]. 


^. 


Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 

J.  K.  Lord,  Esq.  [P.l 
J.  K.  Lord,  Esq.  f.]. 
Uovemment       ol 


-to.   FtruciLA.  801 

J.  f.  O.  \m-2,  p.  207  (Jamaica) ;  SchUy.  Mut.  P.-B..  A  Dserea,  p.  '2S 
(1866)  (sccideDtal  in  UoUaEd!);  Dqrf.  ^  Gerbr.  Oni.  Eur.  ii. 
p.  638  (J867);  Turab.  B.  E.  Pa.  p.  36  (18H1));  Sah.  P.  Z.  S. 
IfiTO,  p.  219  (CMtillo,  Veragua) ;  Couts,  Key,  p.  29tf  (1872) ;  id. 
C3teek-iiM, n.  601  ( 1873J :  id.  Bvdi  A'.- H>*(,  p,  573  (1674)  i  Sclat.  ^ 
SalB.  P.  Z.  8.  1S70,  p.  391! ;  Tian,  Bull.  Soe.  Zool.  Fr.  lii.  pp.  69, 
80  (18761;  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880.  p.  626;  C&ry,  B.  Bahama  I. 

L167  (1880);  Cmu»,  Chtck-IM,  2ad  ed.  p.  114,11.721  (1882); 
0.  Cat.  B.  Sirkkl.  VoU.  p.  537  (1882);  B.  O.  TJ.  Li*l  Brit.  B. 
p.  180  (1883)  ;  Hard.  J.  f.  0.  1883,  p.  282  (Alaska) ;  Saund. 
YarrtWi  Hint.  Brit  B.  it,  p.  427  (1884-8.'i) ;  SeebA.  Hia.  Brit. 
B.  iii.  pp.  680,  elO  ( 1886) ;  Cory,  Lid  B.  W.  Ind.  p.  31  (1885) ; 
TrWr.  Cat.   Coll.   B.  p.  48   (1869);  Jtartert,  Knl.    Vtmelmmmt. 

S232  (Meiicol   (1891);    ?  Aiiania,  J.  f.   0.    1802,  p!  42S  {S. 
olland). 
F  Anas  marila,  It  Orb.   (itec  Zinn.)  in  La  Sagra'i  Hiit.  Niti.  Cub., 

0,>,p.295  (1840). 
Fulipila  minor,  BcU,  Pr.  Ac.  PkOad.  i.  p.  Ul   (1642)  ;  Oiravd,  B. 

ionyW.  p.  323(1844). 
Ajthya  manlaides,  part.,  Bp.  Cat.  MH.  Uce.  Ew.  p.  73  (1842). 
Anaa  marila  americoDH,  Schlig.  Bet.  Crit.  p.  cut  (1844). 
Fuliirula  mariloidrs,  G.  S.  Gr.  (nrt  Viff.)  Gen.  B.  lii.  p.  621,  n.  4 

(1844);  Bdmb.   {nee  Vig.)  ttm.  ^v,  NatBtorea.  t.  80.  ff.  2756-67 

(1860)  (ex  Aftdubon) ;   CW.  4"  ftm*.  /./  0.  laW,  p,  230  (Ouba) ; 

Wied,J.f.  O.  1861),  p.  178;  Gundl.  J.f.  O.  18(12,  p.  92  (Cuba), 

1871.  p.  290;  Eeu,  ^monym.  cur.  Brule,  u.  Gditt,  p.  131  (1972)  ; 

Adam»,  Ibit,  1878.  p.  432  (Micbalaaki). 
Pulisrula    melaaocephala.   Licit.    XomencL   Ac.    p.    102   (Mexico) 

(iM. 

Mniiln  ajfinix,  Bp.  Cnnpt.  Rend,  xliii.  p.  651,  n.  136  (kth.  eraend,) 

(1856). 
Fuli«  atfioifl,  Sairit.  B.  K.  Am.  p.  791  (1858) ;  id.  Cat.  N.  Am.  S. 

n.  580  (IS.'iO);  ?  A.  ^  E.  Sevjt.  Jbu.  1869,  p,  366  (SI.  Croix) ; 
Wheat.   Ohio  Agrir.   Rep.   1800.  n.  260 ;  OkjkU.  J.  f.  O.  1861, 

S340;  Cow*  Sf  Print.  &nitAi.  Eep.  1861,  p.  417;  Boardm.  Pr. 
Brf.  Soc.  iv.  p.  120  (1862) ;  Vrrr.  Pr.  Ei$.  Irul.  iii.  p.  159  (1882) ; 
Btaldit.  Ibi»,  1863,  p.  147  (Nelson  River) ;  Mareh,  Pr.  Aead. 
Phiiad.  1861,  p.  71  (Jamaica);  AUm^  Pr.  Ett.  Intt.  ir.  p.  88 
(1864);  Mellnr.  ibid.  v.  p.  9S  (1866);  Herm.  m  J>rei$.  Ibit. 
1666,  p.  43  (Teifu);  GunM.  Bfpert.  i^.-A'aC.  Cuba,  i.  p.  390 
(1866) ;  Imvr.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  yiii.  p.  297  (1«J6) ;  A'nrf.  P.  Z.  8. 
1867,  p.  167  (egg) ;  Coat,  Pr.  Botl.  Soc.  xii.  p.  129  (1868) ;  lit 
Pr.  Em.  Ind.  v.  p.  200  (1868) ;  Laior.  Ann.  Luc.  X.  Y.  ix.  p.  143 
(Costa  Rica)  (1608),  p.  210  (Yucatan)  (1869) ;  Dail  ^  Bann. 
Tr.  CWc.  vJcorf.  i. p.  298  (Vuion,  breeding)  (1809):  SWr.  P.  Z.  S. 
1870,  p.  218  (Venigua)  i  JItayn.  Gui.&,  p.  148  (1870);  Couei,  Pr. 
At.  liHad.  1871,  p.  37 ;  Allen.  BuU.  Mm.  Comp.  Zool.  ii.  p.  363 
(part)  (1871):  G.  E.  Gr.  Hand-lUt,  iii.  p.  86,  n.  10687  (eyn. 
emwd.)  (1877);  Aiken,  Pr.  BoU.  Soe.  xv.  p.  210(1872);  Snow, 
S.  Kant.a.  11  (1873) ;  Selat.  ^  Sidv.  Kommel  Ae.  Neotrop.  p,  130 
(1873);  Laar.Mem.  Bo»(.&k?.  A'.-H.  ii,p.375  (Maiatlan)  (1874); 
OiMdl.  J.  /.  O.  1874,  p.  314  (Porto  Rico).  1876,  p.  382  (Cuba), 
1878.  p.  190 ;  id.  An.  Sc.  Eip.  HitC.  Nat.  vii.  p.  406  (Porto  Rico) 
(1876) ;  Ridme.  Nom.  N.  Am.  B.  n.  615  (1881) ;  Court,  Key  N. 
Am.  B.  2inr  ed.  p.  701  (1884)  ;  It.,  S..  *  B.  WaUr-B.  N.  Am. 
ii.  p.  22  (1884);  S'ehrl.  J.  f.  O.  ]886,  p.  147  (Dliooia);  Siarpe, 
Cat.  Otfeoi.  Spevim.  Coll.  Surff.  iii.  p.  305  (1891). 
.\DaB  llffini^  Gieb.  Tin.  Om.  I  p.  343  (1872). 


Nrraca  affiuis,  A.  &  E.  A'ewt.  Haadb.  Jam.  p.  113  (1881). 

AHbj*  aBma,  Step,.  S«a.  U.S.Nat,  tfw,  no.  29,  p.  161(1886);.^. 
O.  U.  CftedWirt  N.  Am.  B.  p.  119,  n.  149  (1886)  [  NeUon,  NaL 
Sift.  CoU.  m  Alatka,  p.  71  (1887);  JUdgw.  Man.  N.  Am.  B. 
p.  103  (1887);  Co™,  ^ui,  1888,  p.  65;  HatcA, B. of  MiriHet.  v- 00 
(1892);  Oiapm.  BuU.  Am.  Mut.  N.  H.  vi.  p.  83  (Trinidad) 
(1894) ;  Mmfcag,  Auk,  1894,  p.  226. 

Ftiligula  marila,  tu.  affinia,  i>uAow,  Faun.  Vert.  Btlg.,  OU.  ii. 
p.  468  (1892). 


Fulignlii  affinig  X  F.  valianBria 
p.  437;  A.NtiDt.P.Z  8.  1 


r  F,  americanft,  Elliot,  P.  Z.  S.  1859, 
i9,  p.  337. 


Adult  inaU.  Similar  to  that  of  F.  marila,  but  maob  smaller,  the 
black  of  head  and  neck  gliiesed  with  purple  instead  of  green;  the 
back  darker,  the  black  markings  oa  the  white  granod  being  coarser 
and  broader ;  tbe  upper  wing-coverts  much  less  venniculated  with 
white ;  the  barring  on  tbe  aides  more  distinct,  and  the  longer 
feathers  of  the  flanks  pale  brown,  Termicolated  with  black ;  the 
nnder  tail-corerfB  whitish,  bat  the  lateral  ones  with  a  rtifoaB  tinge, 
all  Termiculated  with  bUokish  bars ;  primaries  blackish,  without 
whitish  on  the  inner  web,  the  latter  being  only  a  trifle  paler  than 
the  rest  of  the  qniUs :  bill  blue,  nail  hlack.  Total  length  about  16 
inches,  wing  8-2,  tail  2-5,  culmen  1-75,  tarsus  1*15. 

Female.  Similar  to  that  of  F.  marila,  but  smaller,  the  white  on 
tlie  fore  part  of  the  head  and  chin  more  restricted  ;  the  whit«  and 
brown  barrings  on  the  back  and  scapulare  coarser ;  the  pale  brown 
on  the  breast  paler  and  not  bo  distinctly  defined  from  the  white  of 
the  underparts ;  barrings  on  the  sides  and  flanks  coarser. 

Hah.  North  A.merica  in  general,  breeding  northward,  south  in 
winter  to  G)aat«mala  and  West  Indies. 


o', 

et  laini.  tk. 

cf, 

,«■- 

J»d.8k. 

/■ 

A'. 

^ 

<J  imm.  et 

UV.  8k. 
Bd.  8k. 

45.  PVLiauLA. 


303 


TArnon     Springs,     Fliirida,      Sa]vin-Oi>dmu]  CoU. 

Nov.,   Dec.    (IT.   £.    D. 

Scott). 
Zacatoras,  Mexico,  June  (  W.     Salvin-Godman  Coil. 

S.  RiehardMi-i). 
Duenaa,     Guatemalit.     Nov.      Salvin-Godm&D  Coll. 


(O.  S.). 


Due 


,  GusUmala,  9 


Costilla,  Veragiia  (Aret). 


H.  J.    ElwBS,    Esq. 

[P.], 
Suvin-Godnum  Coll, 


«ri.  t  1  (rf  juv.).  2  (?) 


3.  Fnli^a,  fali^la. 
The  Tufted  Duck. 
Anas  cristata,  Say,  Sffti.  i 
GlMucium,  Briu.  Orn.  vi 

(1760). 

Glaudum  minus.  Briu.  Oni.  vi.  p.  411,  pi.  ixsvii.  f.  1  (1760). 
?  Anna  latirostra,  Briian.  Orn.  Bor.  p.  21,  a.  91  (1764). 
Anas  tuligula,  Linn.  S.  N.  i.  p.  207.  n.  45  (1766)  {ex  Getwr) ;  Seop. 

Am.  I.  Silt.  An/,  n.  78  (1760) ;  Om.  3.  A',  i.  3,  p,  543,  n.  45 

(1788);   laih.  Ind.   Orn.  ii.  p.  868,  D.  80  (1790);    Bonn.  Etc. 

mth.  i.  p.   160  (1791)  1  Lath.  Tr.  Linn.  Soc.  iv.  p.  117  (trachea) 

(1798);  RiU.  Zooyr.  Bomo-A:  ii.  p.  a65(18Il);  Temm.  Man. 

dOm.  p.  568  (1815);   VieiU.  N.  D.  v.  p.  128  (1816);  Dum.  Diet. 

fie.  iVaf.  Tip.  374(1817);   Ttmm.  Man.  ({Om.-2nA  ed.ii.p.873 

(1820);  Licht.  Verx.  Ihu/J.  p.  85  (Siberia)  (1823);  Bam.  El.  di 

««>/.  iii.  pt.  iji.  p.  128  (1826) ;  £<«.  Tr.  .TOm.  p.  032(1831)  (sjm. 

emend.) ;  MMtr.  Cat.  Bau.  Cauc.  p.  58  (Bakou)  (1832) ;  £.  E. 

Abbott,  P.  Z.  S.  1834,  p.  134  (Trebizond) ;  Temm.  Man.  2nd  ed.  iv. 

p.  647  (1840);  Schleg.  Eev.  Crit.  p.  Mut   (1844);  yaim.    Vog. 

Beuiteld.  xti.  p.  64,  Taf.  310  (1B44) ;  Ttmni.  ^  Schleg.  Fmtn.  Jap., 

Ara,  p.  128  (1850) ;  Midd.  Sibir.  Bag.  ii.  2,  p.  237  (1863) ;  Fouler, 

J.f.  0. 1853,  pp.  242,  244,  318  (LapUnd),  1864,  p.  380  (Danria) ; 

Balk,  J.  /.  O.  185S,  p.  305  (Spain),  1856,   p.  232  (Provence) ; 

Kittl.  Denkwurd.  ii.  p.  313  (1868) ;   P  Walker,  Ibu,  1860,  p.  166 

(Godhavn);  Heual.  J.  f.  O.  1862,  p.  287;  Homey.  J.f.  0.1870, 

p.  433  (E.  Siber.) ;  GiA.  Tha.  Om.  i.  p.  352  (1872)  ;   "     *   " 

Stfiw.  iii.  p.  229,pl.  ci.  '■■^°--  •" —    '■■-'  '-'■''■ 

p.  27  (Banian)  (1890). 
Anatra  col  ciuffo,  Gerini,  Star,  degli  Uee.  v.  tov.  591,  592  (1776). 
Anae  clang^a  ibem.,  Gerini,  Star.  degU  lice.  tav.  694  (1776). 
Tufted  Duck,  Penn.  Brit.  Zuol.  ii.  n.274  (1776);  Lath.  Sm.  iii.  2, 

p.  540,  n.  79  (1785). 
Aau  leucotia,  Berm.  Tab.  Aff.  An.  p.  161  (1783) ;  id.  Obserc.  Zool. 

p.  144(18041. 
Moiillon,  D'Aitbent.  PI.  Enl.  1001 ;  Buff.  nia.  N<tl.  Oii.  ix.  pp.  227, 

231,  pi.  15(1783). 
P  Lapmark  Duck,  Penn.  Arct.  Zool.  ii.  p.  f>76  (1786). 
Aaaa  daudon,  Bimn,  (nee  Linn.)  Enc.  Mfth.  \.  p.  149,  pi.  33.  f.  3 

(1791) ;  Dum.  Diet.  Sc.  Nat.  ri.  p.  875  (1817). 
Atuu  cotymluti,  Fidl  Zongr.  Eouo-At.  ii.  p.  266  (1811). 
Anas  cri8lat*.i>ncA  (nMGni.),.^«(.C<tf.  AT  ^^B.^BrifiM.  p.  30(1816). 
Njroc*  fnlifnda,  /Vem.  Phil,  of  Zool.  iL  p,  260  (1822) ;  id.  Brit.  An. 

p.  122  (1828), 
Aythja  fuligula.  Bole,  Im,  1822.  p.  664  ;  Brekm,  2m,  1830,  p.  908; 

id.    rUg.  Deut»rU.  p.  914  (1831);  Stejn.  BaU.    U.S.  Nat.  Mm. 

no.  29,  p.  160  (KamUchatka,  Bering  [.)  (1886) ;  IMffw.  Man.  N. 


;  Boml.  Om. 


Am.  B.  p.  103  (1887) ;  Syn.  Pr.  U.H.  Nat.  Mut.  x.  p.  137  (1887) 
(CommiindeT  1.). 
FiUigula  cristBta,  SUph.  Gm.  Zool.  xn.  S,  p.  190  (1824)  (a^n. 
emend.) ;  Savi,  Om.  Tosc.  iii.  p.  1.11  (1831) ;  Suka.  P.  Z.  «.  1832, 
p.  170,  n.  223  (Diikkun) ;  Gould,  B.  Eur.  v.  pL  370  (1837) :  E>it. 
jtfon.  .,47i<i(.  p.  159(BVD.emeiHl.),  pl.8.  f.6(stemum)(le38);  Bp. 
Comp.  lilt,  p.  58  (1838);  K.  *  B.  Wirbelth.  Eur.  pp.  liiiT:i, 
230  (1840) ;  Jtrd.  Madr.  Jbttm.  iji.  p.  •222,  n.  390  (l&IO) ;  £Wr, 
P.  Z.  S.  1842,  p.  ft);  Blifth,  ibid.  p.  04;  l^riekt.  ibid.  p.  167 
(China);  Bp.  Cat.  .Vtt.  Uec.  Eur.  p.  73  (1842);  Harfl.  f'en^  Get. 
Mm.  p.  121  (1844):  G-  R-  Or.  Gn.  B.  iii.  p.  621,  n.  1  (syn. 
emend.)  (1844) ;  id.  LUl  B.  Brit.  Mw.  iii,  p.  142  (1844) ;  RUpp. 
Sutt.  Ueben.  p.  1-38,  n.  499  (Abvwinio)  (1845) ;  Rehnb.  Syn.  Ar., 
Natntores,  t.  *6.  if.  11»-123  (igifi) ;  G.  R.  Or.  Cat.  Hodgi.  CoB. 
B.  M.  p.  147  (1846);  Btytk,  Cat.  B.  M«s.  A.  S.  B.  p.  306, 
n.  1788  {1848)  (dyn.  emeDd.) ;  Echtb.  Ar.  SyU.  Nat.  p,  viii  (1862) ; 
Watlmgr.  Kaumannia,  1854,  p.  275 ;  BoUe,  J.  f.  O.  1856,  p.  314 
(Spain) :  Bp.  Compt.  Eend.  xtiii.  p.  651,  n.  m  (1856)  •  ;  Beuffl. 
Sutt.  Ueberi.  n.  703  (1856) ;  Lochf,  Cat.  M.  H  O.  Aigfr.  p.  143 
(1858) ;  Antin.  J.  /.  O.  1853,  p.  484  (Smyrna) ;  Sak.  Ibit,  18.59, 
p.  363  (Kzerta) ;  SmnA.  Ibit,  I860,  p.  07  (Auot)  ;  Trittr.  Ibit, 
1860,  p.  81  (N,  Africa) ;  Pmcyt,  ibid,  p,  354  {Ion,  li.) ;  Simpi.  ibid. 

LSai  (W.  Gnwe);  i  BanA.  Ihir,   1801,  p.   14  (Greenlaad*); 
!nh.Jbi»,   ' —  "■■ ■       "■'  " 

1863,  p.  434  (] 

Sodit.  CoU.  B.  M.  2Qd  ed.  p.  77  (18(3) ;  Jerd.  A  o//b«.  u.. 
876  (India)  (1864) ;  Tritle.  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  454  (Palestine) ; 
'onhn.  J.  f.  O.  1864,  p.  370  (Finland,  Lapland)  ;  Droete,  ibid. 
p.  428  (Borkum)  ;  Schb'ff.  Mvt.  P.-B.,  Anscn-a,  p.  28  (1866) ; 
IV.  4-  Gerbe,  Om.  Eur.  ii.  p.  .5.33  (1867)  ;  Shrink.  Ibit,  1867, 
p  309  (Anioy)j  Prsra-.  Toy.  a.  209  (1867);  Hartl.  *  FittfA, 
P.  Z.  S.  1868,  pp.  4,  9  (Pelew  Isl.) ;  Triitr.  Ibit,  1868,  p.  328 
(Falertine);  Drake,  Ibi*,  1869.  p.  16  (Morocco);  Sclat.  P.  Z.  & 
'"""  62«  (brefdiinf) :  Elirr*  iy  Biickl.  llAn,  1870,  p.  ;*'" 
'        "■     """   ■— "'     yjn, 


fc 


45. 


ytir. 


Bumt^  Marih.OameB.  of  Ind.  Hi.  V. '277,  ni.ST  [ISSO) ;  Blakut. 

^Prytr,  Tr.  Ai.  &><^.  Jap.  viii.  p,  168  (ISm),  x.  p.  09  (1882); 

Bolmt.J./.  O.  1881.  p.  W:  Bchnw.   Ont.  Centralbt.  1882,  p.  o; 

id.  Vog.  tool.  Giirf.  p.  45  {1«8:!) ;  SrverU.  Ibii,  18Cl3,  p.  77  (Pftmir 

H»n(re);  B.  O.  U.  List  Br.  B.  p.  120  {18S3) ;  Sclat. Lift  Vert.  An. 

Btii  ed.  p.  439  (188.1) ;   Taa.  Bill.  &>c.  Zool.  /V.   1883,  p.  344 
KamtDCbaUiii) :  Bi/b.  ^  Tatx.  BhU.  Soc.  ZoaU  Fr.  1884,  p,  147 ; 

Saltitd.  Ann.  Mui.  Ch:  Otn.  (2)  i.  p.  247  (Shoo)  (1884);  Saimd. 

YarrelTi  Hut.   Brit.  B.  iv.  p.  430  (1884-85) ;  See/,.  Hill.  Brit. 

B.  iu.  ».  683,  pi.  61  (egg)  (1885) ;  Eiiib.  ih  Sundeo.  Smmka  Fogt. 

U,  p.  1484,  pi.  licii.   I.  3  (1880) ;  Salvad.  El.    Uce.  Itai.  p,  284 

(1886);   Tait,  Ibis,  1887,  p.  377   (Portugal);  Dorrin,  J.  f.    0. 

1888,  p,  9.^   (E.  Siberia) ;  Satead.  Ann.  Mut.  Ciii.  Gen.  (2)  n. 

p.  ^&  (Shoft)  (1888) ;   Triitr.  Cat.  Coll.  B.  p.  46  (1869)  ;  EnertAt, 

mt,  18S»,  p.  263  iBoroeo) ;  Mchnic.  J.  f.  O.  1890,  pp.  8-%  SI 

Zajbrd,  Col.  Fig.  Br.  B.  pt.  xiii.  pi.  —  (1800) ;  ««*.  B.  Jap. 

Emp.  p.  355  (1890) ;  E»am,  Ibii,  1881,  p.  73  (iocubiitiun) ;  Sb/an. 

ibid.   np.  318,   497   (Lower  Yangtse);   Dub.  Faan.  Vert.   Beta., 

OiM.  ii.  p,  465,  pi.  ^GO  (1892). 
PUtypua  fuliguluB,  BreAm,  Lehrb.  d.  Naturg.  *ur.  C^.  ii.  p.  833 

n'^) ;  Pdttler,  J.f.  O.  18611.  p.  87 ;  Hiatz,  J.f.  O.  1861,  p.  467, 

1863,  p.  430,  WM,  p.  97  (Pomerania). 
Anas  (Fuligula)  fuligula,  Lesi.  Man.  iTOrn.  ii.  p.  416  (1838). 
Aythva  criiiUta,  BrtJim,  Im,  1830,  p.  008;  H.  Viig.  Deal.  p.  916  (1831). 
Hoiillon   des   Mas   Muiiitiines,    Las.    Tr.   d'Ont.   p.   633    (1831) 

(Marianne  Is.,   Q,  Jj-  «.)  '  ;  B<eher.  ifc.-.  tt  Mas.   ^  Zonl  1860, 

p.  636  (juv.  ap.  iucogn.) ;  UaHl.  J.f.  O.  185.5,  p.  420  ;   ir^ffewo. 

.^HTiBjfyn.  p.lM(189I). 
Fulix  fuIiKula,  Sun(icK.(ubi?);  LnBt«,(Efii.  K.  ret.-Ak.  Fork.  1864, 

p.3U;B.,B..^R.Wat.-B.N.Afn.a.p.l8(Ttoti>){l8i^);Q^l.Avi/. 

Itai.  p.  316,  n.  307  (1886) ;   Taa.  P.  Z.  S.  1888,  p.  460  (Cowa). 
Fuligula  vulgaris,  Hodvi.  in  Gray'*  Zool.  Mite.  p.  86,  a.  373  (1844). 
Fulinila  fuliguk,  LicAI.  Nommel.  An.  p.  102  (1854) ;  Barttrt.  Kat. 
r>pe/mmm/.  p.  232(1891);  id.  Wis.  1892.  p.  618 ;  OjUett,  Mindre 

Mfdd.  wdr.  Norgei  Fui,lrf.  1981-92.  p.  274  (1894). 
FuUgtila  patngiata,  Brihm,   Voge(f.  p.  381  (1665) ;  it;.  Xaiimannia, 

1855,  p.  298. 
Nyroca  lalirontris.  Bp.  Compt.  Btnd.  xliii.  p.  667,  n.  148  (1656)  (ri 

l.tston,  lies  Mariannes). 
Anas  (Fuliaula)  ruligula,  Schratek,   Vag.  Amurl  p,   484   (I860)  ; 

Radde,  Beit.  S.  O.-Sibir.  ii.  p.  376  (1883). 
Anas  arctica,  "  Ltik/i  "  [errorA,  Degl,  S^  Gerbe,  Om.  Eur.  ii.  p.  533 

{in  Sim.  F.  crielatre)  (1867) ;  Oitb.    Tha.  Om.  i.  p.  353  (in  sun. 

A.  fuligulw)  (1872). 
Platypus  fuiigiila,  />vi.  *  Parr.  J.f.  0.  1868.  p.  339  (Dauria). 
Fulix  criBtata,  SioinA.  P.  Z.  S.  1871,  p.  419  (China);  Q.  R.  Or. 

Band-lilt,  iii.  p.  86,  n.  10684  (btd.  emend.)  (1871);  David,  N. 

Arrii.  Muf.  Bull.  vii.  Cat.  n.  453  (1871)  ;  Simnk.  IU,,   1873, 

p..«7;  BeHffl.   Om.  N.O.-Afr.  u.  2,  p.  1336   (1873);  Dmid  ^ 

Outt.  OiM.  cm™,  p.  608  (1877);  Ptjev.  in  Sowtty'i  Om.  Miit.  iii. 

p.  106  (1878)  (Alon^ilia);  Jiaddt.  Ormi  Caucat.  p.  461  (1884); 

S/iarjK,  Oi/.  OnUol.  Sptcim.  Coll.  Surg.  iii.  p.  305  (1891). 
anemia  (!)  eristnta,  Dre-^,  IbU,  1876,  p.  420. 
Fuligula  linnpi.  Malm.  GbUb.  och  Bokml.  Faun.  p.  350  (1877). 

*  It  appean  both  tu  Dr.  OusliJnt  and  mjMlf  that  the  iiiMiiiien  from  tbe 
UarianDS  tilands,  itill  preeerval  in  the  Parii  Muwuia,  is  a  joung  bird,  in  a 
TBfy  bad  state.  <if  Ihc  present  apnciei. 


Hybridt. 
?  Canard  morillon  ^  (Fuligula  cristate)  X  Sarcelle  da  U  Caroline  $ 

(Aix  spoDsa),   Gtoffr.  St.-Hii,  Ann.  Mai.  Hut.  Nat.  tu.  pp.  223, 

226  (1806) ;  Selyi-L.,  Bull.  Soc.  Jtou.  Selo.  udii.  2,  p.  21,  n.  23 

(1866) ;  Zeverk.  J.f.  O.  1890,  p.  226. 
Fuligula  criitete  X  Nyroea  leucophtbaloia,  Sclal.   P.   Z.   S.   1880, 

p.  694;  id.  Lut  Vert.  An.  8th  ed.  pp.  624,  625  (1883).    s. 
Fiuigula  criatate  Px Fuligula  ferina   (J,  Saiaid.  P.  Z.        1886, 

p.  660;  iewrt.  J./  0.  1P90,  p.  225. 
Fuligula  criatataX  Fuligula  nyroea,  Ltverh.  I.  e. 
Fuligula  cristataxFuliguta  marila,  Leverk.  I.  c. 
Fuligula  cristetaxADU  querquedula,  Leverk.  I.  c 

Advlt  male.  Head,  neck,  upper  parts,  aod  breast  black ;  occi- 
pital feathers  considerably  elongated,  forming  a  crest  or  tuft;  eides 
of  tlie  head  with  a  purple  gloes  ;  a  white  spot  on  the  chin  ;  back  and 
scapnlars  with  obecore  traces  of  pale  rermicnlations ;  lower  breast, 
belly,  sides,  and  flanks  white ;  vent  and  under  tail-coverts  black ; 
wings  black ;  specnlnm  on  the  secondaries  whit«,  with  a  black 
band  at  the  tip ;  under  wtng-coverts,  except  the  marginal  ones 
which  ore  dusky,  and  azillaries  white  ;  primariee  brown-grey,  with, 
the  tips  and  the  outer  weba  more  or  less  blackish ;  tail  block  : 
bill  pale  bine,  with  the  nail  block  ;  indes  brilliant  golden  yellow  ; 
lege  and  toes  dork  blue,  the  webs  black.  Total  length  abont  17 
inches,  wing  8,  tail  2'5,  culmen  1*75,  tarsus  1'12. 

Pemaie.  Crest  smaller  than  in  the  mole  ;  npper  parts  and  npper 
breast  brown  ;  the  nnderparts  dull  white  or  pale  ashy  brown,  and 
less  clearly  defined  from  the  brown  upper  breast ;  flanks  brown ; 
speculum  as  in  the  male ;  inner  secondaries  glossed  with  green. 

Young  in  Jtril  plumage.  Closely  resemble  adult  females,  bnt  are 
paler  brown,  especially  on  the  chin  and  throat,  and  have  no  metallic 
green  gloss  on  the  innermost  secondaries;  there  are  many  white 


I,  t.  a  i  ad.  at 

u.  i  ad.ac. 

V.  (S  ad.  ak. 
a.  tf  ad.  sk. 


Hickling,  Nurfolk,  Jwl  ( T.  E. 

Ounn). 
MuitOD,  Norfolk,  Juoe. 

Liverpool,  Jan, 

Cambridfre  Market,  Not. 

Wiltshire, 

Avington,  Feb.,  Dec.  {R.  B.  8. 

Se  G.  E.  Shelifs). 
AvinptOD,  Dec.  [G.  E.  S.). 
Devonshire,  Jwi. 


Tunis. 


in,   Egj'pt,   March    (0. 

.6.  S.). 
f.  tl  imm,  ak.  et    Efn-pt. 

f'-t.  i'i  ad.  et    AngoUalnh,  May  (ITorrM). 


<.'.    5  jUT.  sk. 

\'.  M!*^'k. 
r*.  2  ad.  8k. 
t*.  £  ad.  sk. 

f.  tJ  ad,sk. 
tl'.  ^  ad.  sk. 
«',«/.  <J  2  ad.sk. 

x*.  1^  BcL  sk. 

y'.  J  ad.  Bk. 

■".  (f  ad.  sL 

a".  $  ad.  sk. 

A",  r".    2  ad.  et 
juT.  sk. 

tf'  cf  ad.  sk. 
*",/".  tf  »d.  sk. 
y".  (f  ad.  ak. 
A", .■■,*".  dad. et 

2iuv.sk. 
r,W'.  d2in'n'- 

ak. 
i",o",j'".<J9»d. 

-",  *^,  •".  (J  ad. 
«  OimB.sk. 

"  -   '  » 8 


Lenkoran,  Dec. 
Langiorak&ja,  Ob,   Sept. 
Obdorak,  W.  Sibraia,  Aug. 
Lndak  {Straokey). 
Wooler  Lake,  Cashmere,  Nov. 

(&.  He/idenon). 
Kftahgar  {Brlleit). 
Afchsnistaii  {Griffiths). 
Kokenin,  Mftrch. 


Lord    WftUn 

[P.]. 
H.  J.    ElwM,   Vmi. 

Salvin-Qodman  CoD. 

Montagu  OolL 

Dr.      R.      Bowdte 

Sbarpe  [P.l 
Shelle;  CoE 
E.    Rej^olda,    Etq. 

[P.]. 
FraaerCoD. 
SbeUej  Coa 

J.     Bowling,     Eiq. 

India  UusetUD  [P.]. 

Eupbratea  Ezp. 

C.    Chevalier,    Eiq. 

[P.l  ^ 

Seebobm  ColL 
Dr.  O.  FiDschrCJ. 
Dr.  0.  Fiiiaeb  fCj 
India  MiuUeum  [P.]. 
HufflL-  ColL 

India  Museum  [P.]. 
India  >[u9eum  [P.} 
Lt.-Col.     Swinhoe 

[P.j. 
Seebonni  OoH. 


-^•i*^ 


Kandabar,  Ft;b. 

Kandahar,     Feb 

SivitJioe). 
Jubbee  R.  near  Hassan  Abdal, 

March  (R.  W.  Sleker). 
Indus   R.   near  Attock,  Jan. 

(A,  H'.  Stoker). 
R.  Jhelum,  March. 
Muncba  Lake,  Sind,  Jan. 

Gurffitoo,   Jan.,   Feb.,    March 

( B'.  N.  ChlU). 
Delhi,  Jan. 

Etawali. 

Ondb,  Dec,  Jan.,  FeK 

TUvfA 


Lt.-Col.     Swinhoe 

[P.l. 
(Lt.-Col.     Seebohm  Coll. 

Htune  CoU. 

Hume  Coll. 


Hu> 


!CoU. 


CoU. 
Hume  ColL 
Hume  CoU. 
HnmoOoU. 
B.  H.  HodnoB,  Bm. 


et  $  imm.  ak. 

y".  rf  ad.  ak. 
<",  a*.  (J  5  Bd. 


m*.  ({  ftd.  sk. 

»'.  $  ad.  sk. 

o'lD*.  cJ  imm.  et 

S  jUT.  sk. 
?',  H.  cf  5  Bd.  sk. 

j'.  $  ad.  ak. 

*•,«".  (J  J  ad.  sk. 

D",  Bj".  rf  ?  ad. 
ik. 

i",  y".  J  ad.  et 
juT.  ak. 

«•,  «*.  6*.  J  5 
imm.  etjuv.  sk. 

c*.  (J  imm.  sk. 

d'.  Skaleton. 

e*.  Skeleton. 

/*.  Skeleton  {im- 
perfect). 

J*.  Skull. 


Ntitive  Sikhtm,  March,  April, 

May  (L.  MamUlli). 
Assam  (McCUOand), 
Gwnlior. 

Titana.  Khandeisb,  Feb.  (/. 

Daiiidton). 
Raipor.  Central  Provinces. 
Lake  Logtak,  Manipur,  Feb., 

March  (A.  0.  H.). 
Kiukiang,  Chine,  March. 

Kiukianf^,    March  {R.    Stein- 
hoe). 
Amoj,  Chins,  Feb.  (A.  Smiii- 

hoe). 
Shanf^hai,  China,  March  (S. 
Siemhoe). 

Hakodadi,  Japan,  Maj,  Sept. 

(Blakulon). 
Yokohama,  Japan  (S.  Pryer). 

Yezo,  Japan,  June. 

Laf!:unade  Bat,  Manilla  {Mail- 
land  Hfriat). 
Labuan,  Nov. 
England. 
8.  Germany. 


C.  Maries,  Esq.  [R]. 
Hume  CoU. 


F.    W.    Styan,    Esq. 
Seebolim  OoU. 
Seebohm  Coll. 
Seebohm  Coll. 
C.W.  Campbell,  Esq. 
Seebt^bm  Coll. 
Seebohm  Coll. 
Tweeddale  Coll. 
Tweeddale  Coll. 

A.  Everett,  Esq.  [P.]. 

Dr.  A.  Gunther  \P.\ 

B.  H.  Hodgson,  Esq. 

[P.]. 


JUu.  p.  142  (1814)  iid.  GeiuS.  iii,  p.  631,  n.  6  (1944) ;  id.  log. 
End.  4r  Terr.,  Birds,  p.  10,  pi.  18  (184fj) ;  RrJmJ,.  Sun.  Ae., 
Natatorw,  t.  77.  f.  890  (1&-)  {ex  £rfb.  ^  Ter».r);  G.  R.  Sr. 
Ibti,  \m>.  p. 243 ;  Heiior.  Nem Zeal. K,hib.  p.  277  (Otairti)  (l^tK>)  i 
*««.  MvM.  P.-B.,  Anseres,  p.  20  (18661 ;  PUla,  Tram.  N.  Z. 
/i«r.ii.ie6B, p.  73(1670);  Hutton,  Ibit,  1870,  p. .195 (Auckland): 
Fimf.h.J.f.  O.  1870,  p.  356;  Hutton.  Oat.  B.  Nea  Zeal.  jp.  38 
(IWl);  7VimT«,rran».y.Z.i«*/.iv.l871,p.20e(1873);  /WeA, 
/./.  O.  1672,  p.  ly8 ;  BuQer,  Hist.  B.  Aew  Zeai.  p.  259,  pi.  27.  f.  2 
(IWa);  /l'n«vl,  J./.  O.  1874,  p.  303:  fOiarpe,  Voy.Breb.^  Terr., 
Bird*,  ■a.  31  (1676) :  Scl>il.  P.  Z.  S.  1660,  p.  627 ;  FiaKh,  Hut, 
1882,  pp.  392, 397  ;  Bii}ltr,  Man,  B.  iStvi  Zeal.  p.  72  (1882) ;  id. 
HiMl.  B.  A'eip  Zeal  2nd  ed.  ii.  p.  274,  pi.  ilv.  flower  fig.)  (1888) ; 
Smirt,  Trann.  N.  Z.  Itut.  xii.  1888,  p.  321  (Lake  brunner) 
{I860);  Triatr.  Cot.  Coil.  B.  p.  48  (1888) ;  Foriei,  Ibit,  1893, 
p.  &45  (Chatham  lal.^. 

Anas  atriciltn,  Fortl.  letm,  rnerf.  t.  76;  id.  Deter.  An,  {ed.  Licht.) 
p.fl5(lS44). 

Mftiila  novffl  lelandiiB,  Bp.  O'mpl.  Bend,  itiij,  p.  051,  n.  137  (1850). 

P  Aaa«  atia,  Ellma?i,  Zooli^.  1861 ,  p.  7471. 

Fulix  novffi  Beelaadiie,  tf.  -H.  Gr.  Sand-litt,  iii.  p.  66,  n.  10688 
(1671). 

Adull  male.  Hea>l  and  neck  black,  glossed  with  purple  above, 
with  greea  on  tbe  sides ;  chin  while ;  upper  parts  and  bre^t  black, 
the  former  more  or  less  glossed  with  green,  npper  back  and  Bcapulars 
QUDiitelj  dusted  witli  white ;  breast  freckled  with  whitu  on  the 
lower  portion ;  abdomen  brown,  the  edges  of  the  feathers  paler 
or  dull  whitish ;  sides  of  the  vent  and  under  tail-covcrta  black ; 
sides  and  long  feathers  overkpping  the  thigbu  brown  with  a  chest- 
nut tinge ;  winga  glossy  black ;  secondaries  with  a  narrow  white 
speculum,  broadly  edged  wilh  black,  each  feather  has  the  outer 
edge  of  the  outer  web  narrowly  edged  with  black  ;  primaries  grey, 
with  the  tips  and  also  the  outer  weba  of  the  first  three  or  four 
black :  marginal  under  wing-coverts  dark  brown,  the  inner  ones 
and  axillaries  white  ;  tail  durk  brown  ;  >'  irides  bright  yellow ;  bill 
Bsb'blue,  tipped  with  black ;  legs  and  toes  grey,  membranes  black, 
bordered  near  each  loc  with  grey  "  {Hutton).  Total  length  about 
17  inches,  wing  H*,  tail  2'7,  cnlmen  1'65,  tarsns  \-25. 

Femah.  "  A  broad  band  surrounding  the  base  of  the  upper  man- 
dible white;  heojJ,  neck,  breast,  and  sides  of  the  body  blackish 
brown,  changing  to  castaneous  on  the  luwer  part  of  the  breast  and 
flftoks,  on  the  abdomeu  lighter  brown,  mottled  with  fulvous  white, 
darker  brown  in  the  ventral  region ;  under  tail-coverts  blackish 
brown,  largely  roarked  witli  white  ;  shoulders  dark  brown,  margined 
with  castaneous  ;  hack  and  upper  surface  of  wings  blackish  brown, 
^osaed  with  green ;  speculum  as  in  the  male ;  tail  dark  brown." 
(fluftr.) 

There  is  no  specimen  in  the  British  Uitseum  which  would  answer 
to  the  above  description,  but  one  supposed  to  bo  a  female  is  as 
follows  i — He^,  neck,  upper  parts,  and  wings  brown ;  brea.st  and 
ndcfldull  chcstnut-btown;  abdamen  sad  under  tail-oovorts  whitish, 

toIm  xxrii.  2  B 


J 


370  AXATID2. 

the  palo  brown  haaes  of  the  feathers  more  or  less  showing  through 
the  white  tips ;  apeculum  as  is  the  male,  but  of  a.  duller  white ; 
tertials  brown  with  a  green  gloss ;  tail  brown. 

Also  in  the  Rothsdiild  Aluaenm  there  is  no  female  with  a  broad 
white  band  surrouadiDg  the  base  of  the  upper  mandible,  but  oae 
has  a  slight  indication  of  it. 

young  in  down.  "  Has  the  down  thickset ;  the  upper  parts  pale 
dove-brown,  the  undcrparta  white ;  a  dueky  collar  round  the  neck  ;  an 
obscure  white  spot  on  each  wing,  and  a  emailer  one  oa  each  side  of 
the  rump ;  the  hair-like  filaments  on  the  upper  parts  rather  long, 
Tcr}^  fine  in  texture,  and  perfectly  black  ;  irides  dark  hrown  ;  bill 
reddish  brown,  the  under  mandible  yellow,  with  a  brownish  tip ; 
feet  light  brown."  (Buller.) 

Sir  W.  Buller  notices  a  amaller  form,  from  Lake  Ellesmere, 
having  a  more  chestnnt  hne. 

Hab.  New  Zealand,  with  the  Auckland  and  Chatham  Islands. 


I,  b.  <?  ad.  gk.  et  2  Kew  Zealand. 


c,  d.  (f  ad.  sk. 
/^i».  cJ?ad.st. 


New  Zealand, 
New  ZcRland, 
Bay  of  Islands. 


Capt.  Stokes  [P.]. 

Sir  E.  Home  [P.]. 
Antarctic  Eiped.  [C 
Antarctic  Exped.  [C 


S.  Fnlignla  collaris. 
Ansa  coUaris,  Donov.  Brit.  B.  vi.  pi.  147  (England]  (1809) ;  Gitit. 

TAei.  Om.  i.  p.  3ia  (1872)  (ayu.  emend.). 
Anas  fuligula,  WU*.  {nee  Linn.)  Am.  Om.  viii.   p.   66,  pi.  67.  t  S 

(1814) ;   nmm.  Man.  d'Orn.  3nd  ed.  ii.  p.  873  (part.)  (ISlJO). 
Anas  (Fulijiruln)  rufitorquee,   Bp.  Joum.  PMlad.  Acad.  iii.  p.   S31 

(iS-2i} :  Gun,U.  J.  f.  U.  1.S71,  p.  -it^i  (CaU). 
Ansa  nilitorqucB,  Ord,  cd.  If'ik.  viii.  p.  lil  1 1825) ;  Sp.  Speed.  Gww. 


45.  nrtiOFU. 


371 


p.  OSI,  n.  3  (ISU);  Schnb.  %n,  ^c,  NatBtoree.  t,  76,  f.  836 

(18Jo)    (ej-    Dwtwan  P)  i    BnAm,    Naumamia,     1S65,    p.    298 ; 

Cab.  4f  Cumf/.  J./.  O.  1957,  p.  330  (CuU) ;  Sale.  ^  Sclat.  lbi», 
1860,  p.  377  (Ouiiteniftln} ;  Gundt.  J.  f.  O.  1861,  p.  346;  Bla*. 

Lilt   S.   Eur.  p.  21    11862);    O.  R.   Gr.   Lial  Bnt.  B.  p,  1»8 

(1863):  SrhUg.Mui.  P.-5..Aiui«i*8,  p,  20(1806) ;  Degl^Gfrhe. 

Om.  £nr.  a.  p.  536  (1887);    TumS.  if.  £.  Pfl.  p.  48  (1808); 

Couw,  JTiry  y.  Am.  B.  p.  389   (1872) ;  id.  Check-lot  K  Am.  B. 

n.  aai  (1873);  id.  Bir<b  N.-We$t,  p.  574  (1874) ;  Sclat.  ^  Sah. 

P.  Z.  8.   1876,  p.  400;    Gurn.   Zootugi^,   XHn,  p.   341;    Sclat. 

P.  Z.  8.  1880.  p.  625;    Coty,  B.  BaAamat,  p.   188  (1880)  j  Saia. 

Cat.  B.  StHckl.  CoU.  p.  6Sf  (1882) ;   Cobm,  Check-li»t  iV.  ^nt.  5. 

2nd  ed.  p.  lU,  n.  722  (1882);  B.  O.  U.  Lid  Brit.  B.  p.  129 

(1883) ;  Cory,  Liit  B.  W.  Ind.  p.  31  (188^) ;  Steb.  Hitt.  Jiril.  B. 

iii.  pp.  581,  610  (1885) ;   Tritfr.  CW.  CulL  B.  p.  48  (1889). 
P  Fuligula  criatata,  Uewi^  (twc  LfacAj,  P.  Z.  8.  1847,  p.  40. 
Marila  coIIartB,  Bp.  Otmpt.  Bend,  xliii.  p.  661,  a.  134  (1866). 
Fulk  collaria,  Baird.  B.  X.  Am.  p.  792  (1868);  id.  Qrf.  N.  Am.  B. 

n.  590(1859);  H.  Mex.  Bound.  Surv..Birdi,f. in  (IS^H);  Bryant, 

J'r.  Bolt.  Soc.  y.  B.  vii.  p.  122  (Baljumas)  (1850)  ;  Mitt,  Cmad. 

A«(«r.,  April  1862 ;     rerriU,  Pr.  Eis.  Intt.  iii.  p.  153  (18B2)  ; 

BhkUt.  ait,  1863,  p.  148  (Brit.  N.  Am.);  Mareh,  Pr.  I^Uai. 

AeaiL  18W,  p.  72  (Jamaicftl  ;  Drea.  Ibii,  1866,  p,  43  (Tosas); 

Lmoi:  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  vui.  p.  207   (1860) ;    Gtmdl.   JUprrl. 

Fimx-yat.   Cuba,  i.  p.  390  (1866) ;  Browi,  Ihii,  1808,  p.  420 

(Vancottvet);  Slav.  U.S.   Gtol.  Stirv.    Terr.   1870,  p.  466;   O.  R. 

Gr.  Hand-m,  iii.  p.  86,  n.  10685  (1871) ;  AScen,  Pr.  Bf>»t.  Soc.  If. 

a.  IV.  p.  210  {Coloradu)  (1872) ;   Tr^tpt.  ibid.  p.  241  (Iowa)  (1872) ; 

Snow,  B.  Kimt.  p.  11  (1873) ;  Sclat.  Jj-Su/a,  Nomaurl.  At.  Neotmp. 

p.  130  (1S72) :  Zaior.  Mem.  Bust.  Soc.  X.  R.  ii.  p.  315  (MaMtlan) 

(1874) ;  Giindl.  J.  f.  O.  1874,  p.  814  (Porto  Rioo),  1875,  p.  "383 

((Julia),   1878,  p.  190  (Porto  Rico);  id.  An.  Soc.  Eap.  Silt.  Nat. 

vii.  p.  400  (Porto  liico)  (1878) ;  Xidgw.  N<nn.  N.  Am.  B.  n.  016 

(1881);  B.,B.,^  B.  Water-B.  K.Am.  a.  p.  25  (1884);  Cue*, 

S^  X.   Am.  B.  2Dd  ed.  p.   701   (1884);  Fraa.   J.  f.  O.  1885, 

p.  147  (Illinois) ;    SAarpe,  Cat.  Otltol.  Specim.    Call.   Surg.  iii. 

p.  308(1891). 
Fuligula  affinis,  Sdat.  {nee  Eyt.)  P.  Z.  S.  1859,  p.  305  (Jalapa,  -De 

Oca). 
Njroca  eollaris,  A.  ^  E.  Ketet.  Handb.  Jam.  p.  113  (1881), 
AjthvB  collariB,  Jlidgw.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.   Mm.  viii.  p.  3.56  (1885); 

A.'0.  U.  Cheek-lilt  N.  Am.  B.  p.   119.  n.   150  (1880);   T«mer, 

Contr.  N.  H.  Alaika,  p.   133  (1886);  Nelton,  Sat.  Hat.  Call,  in 

Alatka,  p.  72  (1307) ;  Sennett,  Auk,  1867.  p.  24  (itownv  stB^re) ; 

Bidffw.  Man.  N.  Am.  B.  pp.   103,  101  (18*7) ;  Cory.  Auk,  1888, 

p.  67   (W,   In<l.);  id.  B.  W.  :    ■         "■••     

Minne*.  p.  02  (1892). 


W.  lad.  p.  207   U889) ;  Hatch,  B.  uf 


Hyhrid. 

I,  A.  Ntiot.  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  pL  cbrii. ; 


Fuli)rula  coUarb  ) 

Leverk.  J./.  O.  1800,  p.  224. 

Adult  male.  Head,  neck,  upper  hieaet,  and  upper  parls  black,  the 
d  nock  glossed  with  purple;  a  white  sjiot  on  the  chin; 
« lower  Deck  a  cheslaut  collar ;  lower  breast  and  abdomeo 
2b2 


878  INITIDS. 

white,  sharply  defined  from  the  black  uppter  breast,  and  gradually 
chaoging  into  the  black  of  the  sides  of  the  vent  and  under  tail- 
coverts,  through  a  graduated  barring  of  white  and  dusky  i  sides 
delicately  undulated  with  greyish  dusky  ;  upper  witig-coverta  dusky 
grey,  ving-apoculum  on  the  secondaries  grey,  darker  eubt«rtninally, 
and  very  narrowly  tipped  with  white  ;  tertiala  black  with  a  green 
gloss :  primaries  dusky  grey,  the  outer  quiila  on  the  outer  webs 
and  the  others  at  the  tips  blackish  ;  under  wing-ooverte  pale  grey, 
more  or  less  edged  with  white,  axillariea  white  ;  tail  dusky  black : 
"  bill  lead-colour,  with  a  narrow  basal  and  broad  subterminal  band 
of  bluish  white,  the  end  black ;  iris  bright  yellow ;  legs  and  feet 
pale  slaty  "  (B.,  B.,  ^  R.}.  Total  length  17  inches,  wing  7-8,  tail  3, 
culmea  I'SS,  tarsus  I'3. 

Female.  Crown  and  nape  dull  dark  brown,  becoming  gradually 
light  below,  rest  of  head  paler  and  greyer,  the  anterior  half  of  the 
lores,  the  chin,  and  throat  white  ;  jugulum,  sides,  and  finnks  raw 
umber-brown  ;  breast  and  abdomen  white ;  anal  region  dull  brown, 
longer  under  tail-coverts  whitish;  wings  as  in  the  male ;  remaining 
upper  parts  dull  dark  brown,  the  feathers  of  the  back  and  the 
scapulars  with  pale  olive-brown  edges ;  bands  on  the  bill  narrower 
and  less  distinct  than  in  the  male  ;  iris  yellow ;  feet  slaty. 

Young  in  doum.  "  Above  greyish  umber- brown,  relieved  by  seven 
spots  of  light  buff  as  follows : — a  small  and  iuconapicuous  spot  in 
the  middle  of  the  back,  (1)  between,  and  a  little  anterior  to,  the 
wings ;  a  lai^  patch  on  each  side  of  the  back,  another  on  each 
side  of  the  rump,  at  the  base  of  the  tail,  and  a  bar  acroes  the 
posterior  border  of  eat^h  wing;  crown,  occiput,  and  nape  crossed 
longitudinally  by  a  white  stripe  of  deep  greyish  umber  ;  a  roundish 
isolated  spot  of  light  greyish  brown,  including  the  forehead,  and 
lower   paita   generally,  lif;ht   diiiilT  buff,  tbu   tlanks  crossed   by   i 


46.  TkCHJtBM.  878 

i»i  d  ad.  ak.  Lomp  Muid  Sound,  New       SalYin-GodmAo  CdL 

Yoik  (J.  H.  BcOty). 
f>r.  <f  ad.  aL  Brownsville,  Texas,  Feb.,       8alviii-Gk>dnian  ColL 

March  (jP.  B.  AnnHnmg), 
1^  I.  <f  ad.  et  $  Corpus  Chrisd,  Texas,  Oct.,      Sal^n-Godman  ColL 

imm.  sk.  Nov.  (F,  B.  A.). 

ik  2  ad.  sk.  Duefias,  Guatemala  (O.  S.).      Salvin-Godman  ColL 

«.  $  ad.  ak.  Coban,    Vera    Pa«,    Nov.     Salvin-Godman  ColL 

(0.A). 


46.  TACHYERES.  »^ 

Micropterus  (subpren.),  JLese,  Man.  d'Om.  p.  416  (1828) 
(nee  LacSp,  1802) T.  dnereus. 

Micropterus,  King,  P.  Z,  S.  1830,  p.  15  (nee  Lac4p. 
1802), 

Tachyeres,  Owen,  Trans.  Zool.  Soc.  ix.  p.  254  (1875)     . .     T.  cinereus. 

Bange.  Confined  to  Straits  of  Magellan  and  Falklands. 


1.  Tachyerea  cinerena. 

Giseau  grise,  on  Oie  de  plain,  Pemety,  Toy.  ii.  c.  19,  p.  21  (1769) 

(Falklands). 
Race-horse  Duck,  Pemetg,  Joum.  pp.  213,  214  (1771) ;  Buff.  Hist. 

Nat  Ois,  ix.  p.  414  (17«3). 
Log^rhead,  Clayton,  Phil.  Trans.  Ixvi.  p.  104  (1776);   Penrose, 

Falkl  IsLf.Si};  Forster,  Voy.  ii.  p.  493  (1777). 
Loggerhead  (jfoose,  Lath,  Syn,  iii.  2,  p.  439,  n.  4  (1785). 
Anas  cinerea,  Gm,  8,  N,  i.  2,  p.  506,  n.  60  (1788)  (e,r  Pemety ; 

Falklands)  j  Brehm,  Vog.  Deutschl,  p.  903  (note)  (1891) ;  Merrein 

in  Ersch  u.  Grub,  Encycl,  i.  sect,  vol  xxxv.  pp.  29,  80  (1841)  ; 

Gieb.  Thei.  Om,  i.  p.  347  (1872). 
Anas  brachypt<?ra,  Lath.  Ind,  Orn,  ii.  p.  834,  n.  5  (1790)  ;  Quay  ^ 

Gaim.  Voy,  Uran.,  Zool.  p.  139,  pi.  39  (1824). 
Anser  cinereus,  Bonn,  Enc.  MHh,  i.  p.  112  (1790). 
Anser  brachjpterus,  Vieill.  N,  D,  xxiii.  p.  344  (1818) ;  Dum.  Diet, 

So,  Nat.  xxxv.  p.  470  (1825). 
Anas  (Micropterus)  brachyptera,  Less.  Mnn,d^Om,  ii.  p.  416  (1828) ; 

id.  Tr,  d'Om,  p.  630,  n.  28  (1831) ;  id.  Compl.  de  Buff.  2nd  ed. 

p.  720  (1838). 
Gidemia  patachonica,  King,  Zool,  J(mm,  iv.  p.  100  (1828) ;  Stricki. 

Ann.  qr  Mag.  N.  H.  vii.  p.  80  (1841) ;   Gibson,  Pr.  Phys.  Soc. 

Edinb.  iv.  pp.  1^5, 186  (1878). 
Micropterus  patachonicus,  King,  P.  Z.  S.  1830,  p.  15  (W.  part  of 

Magellan  Strait) ;  Less.  Conipl.  de  Buff,,  Ois.  ix.  p.  533  (\  837) ; 

Eyt,  Mon,  Anat.  p.  143,  pi.  2.  f.  4  (trachea)  (1838) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S. 

1861,  p.  46  (Fslklands) ;  Abbott,  Ibis,  1861,  p.  161  (Falklands) ; 

Eyt.  Syn.  Anat.  p.  100  (1869) ;  Cunningh.  Notes  on  Nat,  Hist,  Str, 

qfMagell.  pp.  95,  475  (1871) ;  Gigl.    Viagg.  Magenta,  pp.  934, 

§42  (1876);  Oust.  Miss.  Sc.  Cap  Horn,  vi.  Ois.  p.  229,  pi.  v. 

(1891). 
Microptema  brachypterus,  King,  L  e. ;  Less.  Compl.  de  Buff.  Ois.  iz. 


4  miTiDS. 

p.  C33  (1837) ;  id.  op.  dl.  9nd  ed.  p.  730  (1838) ;  j?jrf-  ^f^-  '<•»«'■ 
p.  144  (1838);  Dana.  Foy.  JleagU,  iii.  Birds,  p.  166  (1811); 
Zii:Ai.  Nomenct.  Av.  p.  100  (1854);  £ut.  &m.  ^nnt  p.  101 
(1869). 

Steamei^Dack,  P.  P.  King,  Voy.  •  Adventure;  i.  p.  36(1839);  </. 
A.  Nnct.  Did.  of.  B.  p.  618. 

Micropterua  cineruus,  G.  M.  Gr.  Lia  Gen.  B.  p.  74  (1840) ;  id.  op. 
n't.  3nded.p.  «5(1841);  ti.  Xitt  £.  £rtf.  Jtfui.  iii.  p.  140(1844); 
id.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  623  (1844) ;  Bchnh.  Syn.  Av.,  Natalores,  t.  77. 
f.  894  (1845) ;  Hwa.  Ertt.  Nachtr.  Vers.  VogeU,  p.  19,  n.  2L>9 
(1848) ;  Det  Mur*  in  Gay,  Hi»t.  de  Chile,  Zod.  i.  p.  467  (1847) ; 
Bcknb.  Av.  Sytt.  Nat.  p,  Tiii,  tab.  vii.  (1862) ;  Bp.  Compt.  Send. 
xUii.p.  661,  n.  161  (1856) ;  Go«td,  P.  Z.  S.  18-59,  p.  96  (egg,  Falk- 
kndfl) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  389  (FalkUnds) ;  AMott,  Ibi», 
1861,  p.  161  (Falklands) ;  St^lal.  P.  Z.  S.  1861,  p.  367  (Zool. 
Gard.) ;  Pelz.  Eeiie  Novara,  Vdg.  p.  139  (Chiloe)  (1865)  ;  Sdat. 
P.  Z.  S.  1867,  pp.  335,  310 ;  Phil.  ^  Landb.  Cat.  Av.  ChU.  p.  43 
(1868);  Cunningham,  Ibis,  1868,  p.  127;  Sclaf.  §■  &ilv.  ibid. 
p.  189  (SandT  Point)  ;  Giffl.  ibid.  p.  498 ;  Sclat.  ^  &ih.  Ibit,  1870, 
p.  499  (Gallegoa  Rjver,  Str.  ol  Magellan) ;  Cunningh.  Notet  vn 
Sat.  Hist,  of  the  Str.  of  Magelt.  etc.  p,  84  (1871) ;  id.  P.  Z.  S. 
1871,  p.  262;  id.  Ti-.  Zool.  Soe.  vii.  pp.  493-501.  pK  58-62 
(anatomy)  (1871);  Sundeo.  Mttk.  not.  Ar.  dim.  Tent.  p.  149 
(1872) ;  Sclat.  4"  Sale.  Nomenfi.  Ar.  Neotrop.  p.  130  (1873) ;  Gigl. 
rtojji).  AfoyCT! (a,  pp  93;J,  934,  9.t6, 037,  939, 941, 046. 063  (1876) ; 
Qua.  Miu.  Sc.  Cap  Horn,  vi.  Ow.  p.  212,  pi.  iv.  (1801). 

Anas  pleneroa,  Font.  Icon.  ined.  t.  68 ;  id.  Deter.  An.  p.  338  (1844) 
(MarellaD). 

Fuligula  cinerea,  Schleg.  Dierent.  p.  274,  with  fig.  (1861) ;  id.  Mtu 
P.-B.,  Anserea,  p.  13  (1866). 

Camptolaimus  ( ]  cinereus,   G.  R.  Or.  Hand-Utt,  iii.  p.  88, 

no.  10704(1871). 

Tacbjerea  brachjpterDs,  Oteen,  Trant.  Zool.  Soe.  \x.  p.  254  (1876). 

Tach.viTea  cinereus,  Sclat.  ^-  Snlr.  P.  Z.  S.  ]ft76,  p.  402,  1878, 
I.  437  (Meggii^r  Obnnnel,  Tom  Harbour,  Fort  Chumicbn,  Fnlk- 


46. 


375 


yelloWy  webs  mixed  with  blaok;  irides  brown'*  (OigVol^  Total 
leDgtJi  about  90  inches,  wing  11,  tail5'5,  culmen  2*5,  tanas  2*4. 

Female,  Similar  to  the  male,  but  somewhat  smaller. 

Taung  in  down.  Head,  neck,  breast,  upper  parts,  sides,  and 
flanks  dusky  grey;  abdomen  and  under  tail-coverts  white;  two 
white  spots  on  the  sides  of  the  head,  one  behind  the  eye  on  the 
temporal  region,  and  another  lower  down  behind  the  ear-coverts 
(Mue.  Turin). 

I  have  not  been  able  to  satisfy  myself  that  there  are  more  than 
one  species  of  Steamer  Ducks. 

Ii<A,  Falklands,  Magellan  Straits,  and  Chili  as  far  north  as 
Yaldivia  ♦. 


a.  Ad.  St. 

b,  (J  ad.  sk. 

c.  5  juv.  sk. 

d,  e,  ?  Q  ad.  et 
pull.  sk. 

/.  c^  pull.  sk. 

y.  $  ad.  sk. 

A.  $  ad.  sk. 

i,  Juv.  sk. 

k,  ^  ad.  sk. 

L  Ad.  st. 

jh.  Ad.  sk. 
n.  Ad.  sk. 
o.  S  juv.  sk. 
Pf  q.  Ad.  St.  et  sk. 

r.  $  ad.  sk. 

».  Skeleton. 

t  Skeleton. 
u.  Skeleton. 

9.  Skeleton. 
w.  Skeleton. 
X,  Skull. 
y.  Sternum. 


Straits  of  Magellan.  The  Admiraltv  [P.]. 

Straits  of  Maj^ellan,  Jan.  *  Challenger '  £xp. 

Messier  Channel.  *  Challenger '  Exp. 

Tom  Harbour,  Messier  Chan-    '  Challenger '  Exp. 

nel,  Jan. 
Tom  Bay,  W.  coast  of  Pata-    Dr.  Coppinger  [C.]. 

gonia. 
Port  Churucha,  Str.  of  Magel-    '  Challenger '  Exp. 

Ian,  Jan. 
Puerto  Bueno,  Str.  of  Magel-    Dr.  Coppinger  [C.]. 

Ian,  Jan. 
Elizabeth  Island,  Str.  of  Ma-    Dr.  Coppinger  [C.]. 

gellan,  Jan. 
W  iilney  Sound,  Str.  of  Magel-    Dr.  Coppinger  [C]. 

Ian,  Feb. 
E.  Falkland  Island.  J.  Macgillivray,  Esq. 

[P.l. 
Salvin-Godman  ColL 
Tweeddale  Coll. 
Challenger  *  Exp. 


Falkland  Islands  [Eyton  ColL], 

Falkland  Islands. 

Falkland  Islands. 

S.  Salvador  Bay,  Falkland  I.,    The  Admiralty  [P.]. 

Aug.  (Antarctic  Exp.), 
Uranie  Bay,  Falkland  1.,  Nov.    McCormick  Bequest. 

(R.  McC). 
Falkland  Islands. 


Str.  of  Magellan. 
W.  of  Cape  Froward  (  W,  D. 
Wodstcorth), 


Cockle  Cove. 
Str.  of  Magellan. 


E.    A.     Holmstead, 

Esq.  [P.]. 
Dr.  Coppinger  [C.]. 
Voy.      of     H.M.S. 

*  Sylvia.' 
Zool.  Soc. 

Dr.  Coppinger  [C."]. 
Dr.  Coppinger  [C.]. 


*  Aooordiog  to  G.  E.  Cox  (Anales  de  la  Universidad  de  Chile,  18^3,  Viage 
a  la  Patagonia  septentrional),  the  Andean  Lakes  Nahuclhuapi,  Todos  Lub 
Santos,  and  others  are  covered  with  Bying  Micropteri, 


47.  CLASQVIjA. 

Clanarula,  Lsach*  tn  Somfi  Toy.  Ditcov.  App.  p,  xlviii 
(1819)  [ex  Getner) ;  FUm.  Philo*.  of  Zool.  W.  p.  200 
(1822)  J  Boie,  Itui,  1822,  p.  664    C.  glftudou. 

OUucioD,  Eaup,  Natiirl.  Butt.,  p.  63(1829)  (nee  Oken, 
1810)     C.  glauebn. 

Bucephalft,  Bnird,   B.   of  N.  Am.  p.  706   (IStifl)  (nee 

Bucephalus,  Baer,  1827,  neqve  Smtth,  1829)   C.  albeola. 

QlaudonetU,  S(e7*n.  iV.  U.8. Nat. Mui.  viii.p.409 (1885).     C.  glaucion. 

Chftritonertft,  St^in.  Butt.  U.S.  Nat.  Mm.  no.  29,  p.  103 
(1886) C.  albMlft. 

Range.  Northern  Hemisphere. 

Key  to  the  Speeiei. 

a.  Nostrils  Dearer  to  the  tip  than  to  the  base  of  the 

bill. 

a'.  Hend  and  upper  neck  glosav  greenish  black,  with 
a  large  roundish  or  oral  spot  of  white  on  loner 
part  of  loiee  (mafe] ;  htwd  of  the  female  deep 
bair-brown]  greater  wing-coverte  usuallj  with- 
out distinct  blackish  tips    jflaueion,  p.  376. 

6'.  Heed  and  upper  nccli  glassy  blue-black,  with  a 
large  vBTticnl  triangular  patch  of  white  across 
lores  {male) ;  female  similar  to  that  of  the  pre- 
ceding species,  but  somewhat  larger  and  with 
the  grey  chest-band  broader;  greater  wing- 
coveits.  usually,  not  always,  tipped  with 
blackisD    ulandica,  p.  S8S. 

b.  Nostrils  nearer  to  the  base  of  the  bill  than  to  the 
tip;  male:  head  and  upper  neck  rich  silky  dark 

'  "'  'n.  brfinze,  niid  violet-purple,  with  a 


IHBtBllic 


■ri.  p.  872  (1817) ;  Temtn.  Man.  2nd  ed.  ti.  p,  870  (1820) ;  Lkht. 
Fen.  Doubt,  p.  6a(ld23j  ;  MhiUr,  Cat.  Sato.  Caue.p  5ii  (Uakou) 
(1832):  TVmm.  Man.  2iid  ed.  it.  p.  560  (1840);  Kaum.  fHf/. 
DeuUchl.  xii.  p.  I02.pl.  311]  |1&14);  StJilt<i-  Sep.  Cril.  p.  118 
(1844);  Temm.  *  S-A/ey.  Faun.  Jap.,  Art*,  p.  128  (18.50); 
Muidtnd.  Siirir.  Ilei».  ii.  2,  p.  287  (185a) ;  Br,hm,  J.  /.  O.  1854, 
p.  84  (Egypt) ;  Wieae.  J.f.  O.  1865,  p.  608  lPoaiemui&);  Buvry, 
7./.  O.  1857.  p.  I2tt  {AlfKTia)-,  KifU.  Dmkw.  ii.  pp.  248,278 
(1658);  AUum,  J.f.  0.  1801,  p.  74;  Steinh.  ihj,  186S,  p,  324; 
SehUg.  Mm.  P.-B..  AneereB,  p.  20  (I860)  ;  Uruite.  t'oye'io. 
B-Tkum.v.  300  (1869);  IfwH^y.  J./.  0.  1870,  p.  433;  jl/ei'ea, 
C^o.  K.  FfC-Akad.  Fdrh.  1871,  p.  182 ;  Oieft.  TSb*,  O™.  i.  p.  34fl 
(part,)  (1872). 

Anas  iflaucion,  Liim.  S.  N.  i.  p.  201,  n.  26  {  5  )  (1780) ;  Soop.  Ann. 
I.  SUl.  Nat.  a.  72  (1700) ;  Gm.S.N.\.X  p.  626,  n.  20  (17881 : 
Lalh.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  868,  d.  88  (1700) ;  VmU.  A".  D.  v.  p.  118 
(1810) ;  Dutn.  Diet. Se.  Nat.  ri.  p, 375 (1817);  La». Drier.  Mamm. 
et  Om.  p.  248(1847). 

AnM  pfrefrius.  S.  G.  Omel  Seu.  d.  Swal.  ii-  p.  183,  pL  10  (1774). 

Anns  mtuiln,  PaU.  ttifcLbm.)  Seiu  ii.  p.  i^  (1773). 

Garroi,  D'Auhent.  Pt.  £nl.  803  ( J  ) ;  i'lgf.  i/«(.  An(.  Ou.  is.,  p.  222 
(1-83). 

Golden-eje,  fWm.  J?ri(.  Zoo/,  ii.  n.  276  (1785)  ;  Lath.  Syn.  iii.  2. 
p.  535,  D.  76  (1785). 

Anaa  meUnocfphslft,  JTerm.  (n«  Gm.)  OU.  Znol.  p.  U5  (1804). 

Anas  hvemalis,  i^//.  {itec  Linn.)  Zoogr.  Honmi-Ae.  ii.  p.  270  (1811). 

Clonffuln  daogula,  Flem.  PAU.  ofZeol.  ii.  p.  2W  (1822):  Bote,  Iiu, 
1822,  p.  564;  Licht.  Nommci.  Av.  v.  109  (1854);  Sltju.  Bull. 
U.S.  Nat.  Mus.  no.  20.  p,  163  {Boring  I.)  (1885). 

OlanfiiU  chrjMplithRlmiis,  Stetii.  Oirri.  Zool.  xii.  2.  p.  182,  jil.  56 
(1824);  An.  .Wan. p. 346 (1835);  £>(.  C'a(.  J?ri"i.  £.  p.  Mt  (1838); 
Marj/Ul.  Man.  Om.  ii.  p.  183  (1842). 

Platypus  friauciiin,  Brehm,  Lchrb.  Eur.  Viig.  p.  837  (1824), 

Fuiigula  rianirula,  Bp.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  ii.  p.  803  (1826)  j  id.  St/n. 
p.  393  (1828) ;  Lcm.  Tr.  d'Om.  p.  631  (1831) :  Snvi,  Om.  Tote. 
lii.  p.  1:13(1831);  Bp.Im,  l8S2,p.  1189  (part.);  WaUengr.  Nim- 
vtanaia,  1854.  p.  276;  ZM-  On>.  J?ur.  ii.  p.  443  (1840);  Brandt 
in  JfiifimiiH.  Jke  yordt.  t'ro/,  ii.  p.  71  (WWhrra)  (1856):  Wted, 
J.  /.  0.  1859,  p.  178  (pMt)  i  Seta/.  P.  Z.  S.  1865,  p.  018  (Haltn- 
dadi) ;  SiAUff.  Mat.  F.-B.,  Anseres,  p.  20  (part.)  (1866)  ;  Pnete. 
Fou.  n.  307  (1867) ;  SmUh,  Iba,  1868.  p.  457;  Pm-w.  Putmrk. 
£7«n4r.n.  207(1870):  Oorf.  ^/.  O.  I871,p.l40;  Putvxin,J./.0. 
1876, p.  68  (Fiotand) ;  *ei.  ^  H.-Brown,  Ibit,  1870,  p,  445  (Pet- 
cho») ;  Finxh,  Verh.  t.-h.  Get.  Wien,  1879,  p.  162  (W.  Siberia)  ; 
Brandt,  J.  /.  O.  1880,  p.  249  (St.  Petewburit) ;  S«A.  Silt.  Brit 
B.  iii.  p.  500,  pi.  03  (egg)  (1885):  ZHJbnl,  CW.  F!v.  Brit.  B 
pt.  si.  (1880) ;  8tt6.  B.  Jap.  Emp.  p.  268  (1800) ;  Jli-AntB.  J.  /.  0. 
1^,  p.  ea;  Martert,  Eat.  FogtbamtU.  p.  232  (1891). 

Clnnsfiiln  vnlgnrit.  Flem.  Brit.  An.  p.  120  (1828);  ffould,  P.  Z.  S. 
1834. p,  134  (Tr»bi»oad) ;  Striekl.  P.  Z.  S.  1836,  p.  102  (Smynia) : 
0«(/</.fi.£«r.v.pl,  870(1837);  &p,  Claa.  fi.ii.  p,  360  (18.17) ; 
Sut.  Man.  Anat.  p.  186,  pi.  iii.  f.  4  (sternum),  pi.  12.  f,  4  (cjccaj, 
pL  16.  f.  2  (trnchea)  ( I8S8) ;  Alibolt,  P.  Z.  S.  1834,  p.  \U  (Tnbi- 
iood) ;  Blakiit.  Ibit,  1868,  p.  148 ;  Oai^rod,  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  420 
(tracW). 

Glaucioii  elaiigiila,  Eaup,  Nutiirl.  Syil.  p,  53  (IBlli)  ;  E.  ^  B.  Wir- 


8  AViTLDM, 

Mth.  Eur.  pp.  Imvi,  229  {1840);  Nordm.  J.  f.  0.  1S64,  p.  378 
(Finland  and  Lnpland) ;  Sound.  Ibu,  1671,  p.  397  (Spain) ;  Taez. 
J.f.  0. 1873,  p.  110, 1874, j>.  337  (E.  Siberia) ;  SteirA.  Ibii,  1874, 
p.  434  (Chefou)  ;  Severiz.  J.  /.  O.  1675,  p.  185;  Tacz.  Ont.  faun. 
>W.  Sibir.  p.  71  (J877) ;  id.  Bull.  Soc.  Zool.  JV.  ii.  p.  47  (1877), 
viii.  p.  344  (Kamtschatka)  (1883) ;  Sadde,  Omu  Caucru.  p.  4C2 
(1881). 

Clannula  peregrina,  Ilrehm,  Iiu,  1830,  p.  999,  n.  2 ;  id.  Vog.  DetOtchl. 
p.  929  (1831). 

Clanjcula  tflnuoioa.  Srehm,  Iiii,  1830,  p.  999,  n.  3 ;  id.  Vog.  DadseM. 
p.  929  (1831) ;  Bp.  Comp.  LUt,  p.  68,  n.  427  (1638) ;  HarU.  Verz. 
Get.  Mwi.  p.  121  (1844) ;  G.  E.  Gr.  List  B.  Brit.  Miu.  iii.  p.  144 
(1844);  id.  Gen.  B.  iil.  p.  022,  n.  1  (1844);  Bchnb.  Si/n.  As., 
Natatores,  t.  74.  ff.  96-98  (1845) ;  Blgth,  Cat.  B.  Mtu.  A.  S.  B. 
p.  .'iO?  (1849) ;  Rfhnb.  Ac.  St/tl.  Nat.  p.  viii  (1862) ;  BoUe,J.f.  O. 
1856,  p.  376  (Spain);  if;).  Conyrf.  .Reii^.  lUii.  p.  651, n.  148(1866) ; 
Lathe,  Cat.  M.  et  O.  Algfr.  p.  145  (1858) ;  Homey.  J.  f.  O.  1859, 
p.  373;  Powyt,  Ihit,  1660,  p.  3^4  (Ionian  I.) ;  Swinh.  Ibii,  1861, 
p.  345  (China),  1803,  p.  434  (Fonnoaa) ;  More,  Ibii,  1865,  p.  447 
(GreatBritain);  B/y«,  76w,  1867,  p.  176  (Indus) ;  WlaUly,  Ibie, 
1867,  p.  206(Ilakodadi);  Dtgl.  ^  Gerb.  Om.  Eur.  ii.  p.  642  (1807) ; 
Byb.  4-  Parr.  J.  f.  O.  18(58,  p.  339  (Dauria) ;  MiiU.  *  Dro»te, 
J.  /.  O.  1869,  p.  347  (Faroe)  ;  Gould,  B.  of  Great  BrU.  v.  pi.  31 
(1869);  B'u>..JifHi;W.iiw,1870,  p.340(Turl£ey)i  D-ifich,  J./.  O. 
1872,  p.  371  (Bohemia);  Seoertt.  Turkeit.  Jevotn.  p.  70  (1873); 
Brew.  B.  of  Eur.  vi.  p.  595,  pi.  440  (1876) ;  id.  Ibis,  1876,  p.  42i 
(Turkestan) ;  Blanf.  East.  Pen.  ii.  "p.  30-2  (1870)  ;  Hvme,  Str. 
Eeath.  iy.  p.  235  (Oudh)  (1876);  Briiggem.  Zool.  Gart.  1876, 
p.  366 ;  £.,  SI.,  R.,  ii  S.,  J.f.  0.  1877,  p.  336 ;  Blahtl.  ^  Fryer, 
Ibii,  1878,  p.  215 ;  Pleske,  J.  f.  O.  1878,  p.  flS  (E.  Russia) ;  Seeb. 
Ibit,  1879,  p.  23  (Japan) ;  H"me,  Str.  Fealh.  vii.  pp.  441,484,  505 
(1879) ;  BuMil.  ^  Pn/er,  Tr.  A».  Soc.  Jap.  viii.  p.  186  (1880) ; 
Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  627  (parL);  Salv.  Cat.  B.  Strickl. 
CuH.  p.  538  (iaS5) ;  Blal-Ut,.  3-  Pryrr.  Tr.  As.  Soc.  Jnp.  s.  b.  90 
(1862) ;  B.  O.  U.  Liit  Brit.  B.  p.  I.'i7  (1883) ;  Sclat.  LUt  Vert. 


47.  CLAveuLA.  879 

Fbtypm  ckogQlm,  Hmtx,  J.  /.  0. 1861,  p.  464, 1808,  p.  480, 1864, 

pp.  07, 191, 1866,  p.  155. 
BiicephaU  daDffala,  G.  E.  Or.  Band-Hat^m.  p.  87,  n.  10606  (1871) ; 

Swmk,  P.  Z  S.  1871,  p.  419  (China) ;  Sundeo,  Metk.  not,  Av.  dup. 

Tent  p.  149  (1872) ;  Salvad.  Faun.  dTItal.,  Uce.  p.  267  (1872) ; 

ihmnh.  Ibis,  1878,  p.  867 ;  ffeuffl.  Om.  N.O.-Afr.  ii.  2,  p.  1845 

(18781 ;  CbMM,  B.  A.-  West,  p.  576  (part)  (1874) ;  David  §•  Oust. 

Oi$.  Chmey  p.  506  (1877) ;  Swmh.  Ait,  1877,  p.  147  (Hakodadi) ; 

Gigl  Icon.  Avif.  Ital.  fasc.  i.  sp.  &  tav.  862  (18/9) ;  Bolau,  J.f.  O. 

1881,  p.  64  (Suifun) ;  Fiori,  Atti  Soc.  Nat.  Mod.  (3)  iii.  pp.  31-64, 

tav.  1  (1884)* ;  DdrrieSy  J.f.  O.  1888,  p.  96. 
Glangula  hyemalis,  Blar^.  (nee  Linn.)  East.  Pers.  ii.  p.  302  (1876) 

{ex  Polios). 
Buoephaliu  clangula,  Pnev.  in  Bowl.  Om.  Misc.  iii.  p.  106  (Mon- 
golia) (1878). 
Clangula  fflaucium,  Hume,  Str.  Feath.  viii.  p.  116,  n.  971  bis  (1879) ; 

Hume  4f  Marsh.  Game  B.  of  Ind.  iii.  p.  286,  pi.  38  (1880) ;  Coues, 

BuU.  Nutt.  Om.  Club,  1880,  p.  101. 
Fuligula  (Glaucion)  clangula,  Kchnw.  Om.  CentroSd.  1882,  p.  6 ;  id, 

Voff.  zool.  Gdrt.  p.  40  ( 1882). 
Glaucionetta  clangula, /S^/?;;i.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mus.  viii.  p.  409  (1886) ; 

Bidgw.  Man.  N.  Am.  B.  p.  105  (1887) ;  Stejn.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mus. 

X.  p.  137  (1887)  (Commander  I.). 

Hybrids. 

Mergus  anatarius,  FinU>.  Isis,  1831,  p.  800,  Taf.  iii.  ff.  a,  b  (Braun- 
schweig) ;  Bp.  Git.  Met.  Ucc.  Eur.  p.  74  (1842) ;  ScMeg.  Bev. 
Crit.  p.  109  (1844)  (=Ana8clangu lax  Mergus  albellus);  JDegl.  8f 
Gerbe,  Om.  Eur.  ii.  p.  674,  obs.  ( 1867)  ;  Schmidt,  Arch.  d.  Naturg. 
in  Mecklenb.  1875, pp.  145-146;  B.  Bias.  MT.  om.  Ver.  Wien,  1884, 
p.  119  (Kalmarsund) ;  Kolthof,  (Kfv.  K.  Vet-Ak.  Forh.  1884,  no.  9, 
pp.  186-189,  pis.  xxxi.,  xxxii.  (1885) ;  B.  Bias.  Monat.  Schufze, 
Vogelw.  1887,  pp.  377-406,  pis.  v.,  vi.,  and  cut  (=M.  albellus  X 
Glaucion  clangula). 

Clangula  angustirostris,  Brehm,  Isis,  1830,  p.  909,  n.  4  (descr.  nulla) ; 
id.  Handb.  Vog.  Deutschl  p.  930  (1831)  ( =  2  M.  anatarius,  Eimb.) ; 
Bchnb.  Syn.  Av.,  Natatores,  t.  74.  ff.  ia%  104  (1845). 

Muthmasslicher  Bastard  von  Anas  clangula  nnd  Merprus  albellus, 
Naum.  Vog.  Deutschl.  xil  pg.  194-197,  Titelkupfer  (d)  (1844). 

Anas  (Clangula)  mergoides,  Kjdrb.  Om.  Danica,  Danmark's  Fugle, 
Suppl.  t  30  (t.  xlix)  (1851  ?) ;  id.  Naumannia,  1853,  p.  329. 

Clangula  mergoides,  Kjdrb.  Naumannia,  1853,  pp.  11(5,  327 ;  id. 
J.  f.  O.  1853,  Extraheft,  p.  29 ;  iii.  Om.  Danica,  Supplement- 
tavle  Iv.  f.  7  (1858). 

Anas  mergoides,  Kjdrbolling ;  Wolschke,  JB.  Annab.  Ver.  1883-85, 
pp.  112-127,  pi.  1  (1886). 

Clangula  glaucion  X  Fuligula  ferina,  Leverk.  J.  f.  0.  1890,  p.  222, 
n.  1. 

Clangula  glaucion  X  Fuligula  marila,  Leverk.  J.  f  O.  1890,  p.  222, 
n.2. 


*  "  Studii  anatomici  e  fisiologioi  Bulla  trachea  della  Bucepkala  dangula^ 
eonoparativameote  oon  quella  di  altri  Anatini  "(Ac). 


America  (Clangula  araericana). 

Aww    clangula,    Font.  PhU.    Tran*.    Isii.    p.  S66  (1772);   ffm. 

S.  N.  i.  2,  p.  523,  u.  23  (port.,  America)  (1788);  Latk.  I»d. 

Ont.  ii.  p.  807,  u.  b7  (part)  (1790) ;   WiU.  Am.  Om.  viiL  p.  62, 

pi.  67.  f.  6  (1814)  i  Vieill.  If.  D.  v.  p.  117  (part,  America)  (1816) ; 

Doughty  »  Cab.  N.  H.  i.  p.  110,  pi.  10  (1830). 
ClanruU  cluTsopljthalmos,  part.,  SUph.  Gen.  Zool.  xii.  2,  p.   162 

(1§24). 
FuU(fula  clanfTula,  Bp.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  ii.  p.  393  (part.,  182B) ;  id. 

Syn.  p.  393   (ISiiS)  ;  id.  UU,  1832,  p.  1189  (part.);  Aud.  Om. 

.ffiiy/-.  iv.  p.  318,  pi.  34-2  lims);  id.  Syn.  p.  292  (1839);  id.  B. 

.4nt.vi,  p.  362  (part), pi.  406(1843);  Gi>aiid,B.  iony  W.  p.S-W 

(1844);  Wi^,J.f.O.\mi,^.  178;  Wtdd^rb.^  Hurdi»,}iaturaL 

in  Bermvda,  p.  49  (1869),  cf.  J.  f.  O.  1859,  p.  221  (Bermiuia) ; 

Schlfff.  Mta.  P.-B.,  Anseres,  p.   20  (part.)   (1806);    Turnh.   B. 

B.  Pa.   1869,  p.  80 ;  FintcA,  Abh.  nat.    Ver.   Brem.  iu.  p.   66 

(1872). 
ClaDBTila    Tulgans,    8w.    ^   Sieh,    Faim.    Bor.-Am.    ii.    p.   460 

(1831). 
FuligiiU  (ClanfTula)  clan^la,  Nutt.  Man.  ii.  p.  441  (1834). 


Claa^rula  ameiicana,  Bp.  Comp.  Lut,  p.  68,  n.  392  (1838) ;  Egt, 
Mon.  Annt.  u.  167  (1838);  O.  R.  Gr.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  622,  n.  2 
(1844);  Bp.  Com/it.  Bend,  xxxviii.  p.  664  (Notei  Coil.  DelaUre 
p,  94)  (18o4);  id.  Compt.  Bend,  illii.  p.  661,  n.  147  (1856); 
2/einb.  P.  £.  B.  Rep.  vi.  p.  104  (lb57)  ;  Cab.  ^  Gundl.  J.  /.  O. 
1857,  p.  230  (Cuba?) ;  Gundl.  J.  f.  0.  1862,  pp.  93,  191,  1871, 
p.  290;  ISuirpe,  Git.  OUeoL  Specim.  Call.  Surg.  iii.  p.  310  (1891). 

Bucpphala  americana,  Baird,  B.  N.  Am.  p.  706  (1858)  ;  id.  Cat.  N. 
Am.  B.  n.  fi03  (1861)) ;  Coep.  %  Sudd.  N.  H.  Wash.  Terr.  p.  258 
(1860) ;  Blahist.  IbU,  1862,  p.  10  (Brit.  N.  Am.) ;  Rou,  Canad. 
Nat.,  Apr.  1862  ;  Verr.  Pr.  E»».  Ingt.  iii.  p.  153  (1862) ;  E/tiol, 
Ann.  Lye.  N.  K  vii.  pp.  451-4.>1  (18l!2) ;  Blakiit.  Ibit,  1863, 
'-      -  .  Lie  N.r.  viii,  p  297  (18G6) ;  ifro 


I 


0886) :  Tuner,  Omtr.  N.  Jl.  Alalia,  p.  134  (1886) ;  yehm,  Kat. 
But.  CoU.  in  AUuko,  n.  72  (1887):  llidgm.  Mim.  N.  Am.  B. 
0.105(1887);  Cny,  A>ik,\^g»,^.  KJ  (Cuba?,  RarbiidB);  SrA"fcw, 
J./O.  I891,p.  269;  IIatch,B.vf  .Miiiaa.a.m  (16y2);  MacTiay, 
Auk,  IBM,  p.  226. 

Hybrids. 

Clanjrulft  mergifomiia,  Cabut,  Pr.  Sort.  Sae.  N.  JI.  v.  pp.  6T,  118- 
120  (1854)  (  =  C'laDKiiIaaiueriiuuiaxMer)iuaCLiculI&tus|. 

Fuligula  aiutricana  (l;xMergua  cucuUatus,  Xcivr^.  J.  y^  O.  1890, 
p  224. 

AduU  male.  Head  and  upper  neck  dark  glossy  green,  tlie  feathere 
on  the  iTOwn  and  nape  somewliat  elongiiied ;  chin  and  throat  black  ; 
a  roundish  whilo  paub  on  the  cheeks  near  the  base  of  the  upper 
msndible ;  lower  neck,  breast,  and  underparts  white  ;  on  iho  sides 
of  the  vent  the  feathers  have  the  basea  slaty  grey  showing  through  ; 
fealhera  of  (ho  flanks  edged  aboyo  with  Idack,  the  longer  ones  on  both 
webs  ;  back,  rump,  and  upper  tail-coverta  black  ;  inner  scapulars 
black,  the  out«r  ones  white,  longer  scapulars  with  a  white  bond 
along  the  middle  ;  wings  black,  with  a  large  white  patch  covering 
Uie  central  wing-coverta  and  the  outer  sccoudariea;  the  inner 
Mcondurics  black:  under  wing-coTcrts  greyish  black;  tail  blackish 
grey  :  bill  bluish  black  ;  iridcs  golden  yellow  ;  feet  orange-yellow, 
the  webs  dusky.  Total  length  about  IS  inches,  wing  8-U,  tail  4, 
cnlmen  1'4,  tarsus  1'45. 

Pemah.  Head  and  upper  neck  bair-brown ;  a  dull  white  collar 
round  the  lower  neck  ;  upper  parts  blackish  ;  mantle.  scBpulors,  and 
upper  wing-coverta  with  palo  greyish  edges  :  breast  greyish,  with 
the  edges  of  the  feathers  whitish  ;  lower  parts  white ;  aides  and 
tinnks  dull  grey,  the  feathers  edged  with  white ;  median  wirg- 
coverts  brown  tipped  with  whitish,  the  greater  ones  white  tipped 
with  brown;  outer  secondaries  whit«:  the  white  on  the  wiug  is 
defined  by  the  brown  band  at  the  tip  of  the  greater  coverts  ;  iguills 
dusky  brown ;  toil  dull  greyish :  bill  brownish  black,  in  some 
specimens  the  tip,  except  the  nail,  is  yellow ;  irides  and  le)>s  and 
toes  as  in  the  male.     Total  length  17  inches,  wing  7'~,  culmen  1'33. 

Young  injirgt  plvmage  resemble  adult  females,  but  are  duller  in 
colour ;  the  polo  collar  round  the  neck  is  much  more  obscure,  the 
grey  feathers  on  the  breast  have  white  margins. 

Malu  in  Jirtt  nt'idial  drefs  have  less  white  on  the  scapulars,  the 
whit«  on  the  hind  lower  neck  is  mottled  with  brown,  as  u  altio  the 
whito  spot  at  the  base  of  the  bill. 

MnUt  in  tnouhitu/  jilumar/e  reaomblo  adult  females,  except  that 
they  retain  tho  while  wing  of  the  adult  male. 

young  in  <lown  are  dark  brown  on  the  npper  psrta,  and  paler 
brown  on  the  breast  and  flanks,  shading  into  while  on  the  throat 
and  into  p«lo  grey  on  the  belly. 

I  have  not  b*'cn  nble  to  distinguish  specifically  the  American  from 
the  I'aliL-arctic  Uulden-oye. 


Soft.  Northern  Hemisphere,  breeding  in  the  Arctic  and  Subarctio 
regione,  in  Europe  as  far  south  as  N.  Oennany,  Fomerania,  the 
Caucasus,  Siberia;  migrates  aoath  as  far  as  Southern  Europe, 
rare  in  Northern  Africa,  Asia  Minor,  Persia,  N.  India,  China, 
and  Japan;  in  North  America  breeds  from  Kaine  and  Canada  north- 
ward; in  winter  south  to  Mexico  and  Cuba. 


o.  cf  ad.ak. 

Orkneys. 

H.    J.   Elwes,  Esq. 

[P.].               ^ 

J.  G.  Childien,  E^. 

ZnoLSoc. 

t>.  ?  ad.  sk. 

Great  Britmn. 

e.  $  ad.  Bt. 

No  locahty. 

d.  2  ad.  sk. 

Scotland. 

e-A.  d  S  ad.  et 

England. 

Hume  Coll. 

<J  jUT.  sk. 

t,*.  cJ2ad.8t. 

Norfolk,  Jan. 

Baker  Coll. 

I.  $  ad.  sk. 

Gt.  Yarmouth,  Jan.  (G.  Smith), 

Seebohm  Coll. 

m,n.  6  ad. et  ^ 

Wales. 

Earl  of  Cawdor  [P.]. 

0.  2  ad.  sk. 

R.  Dovpy,  Wales,  Jan. 

Editor  of 'Land  and 
Water '  [P.]. 

p,q.6  2  ad-Bk. 

Carmarthen. 

Montsjni  Coll. 

r.  i  ad.  sk. 

Cauibridgi:  Market,  Nov. 

Salvin-Uodman  Coll. 

..  rfjuv.ak. 

Pagham  Harbour,  March  (J. 

B.  Harting). 
Palestine. 

H.    J.   Elfres,   Esq. 

t.  $  iuv.  sk. 
«.Vjuy.»l'. 

Dr.  Merrill  [P.l 

Seebohm  Coll. 

».  1  id.  sk. 

Lake    SirikuL  May   (F.  Sto- 
liczka). 

India  Museum  [P.]. 

».  i  juv.  sk. 

Afghan  Delimitation 

Conim.  [P.]. 
CoL  Yerbury  tP.]. 

X.  e  juv.  sk. 

Banks  of  Indus,  Dec. 

y.  9tmm.sk. 

Ilassanpore,    Dec    (R.    N. 

HumeColL 

47.  OLAirevLi.  883 

tf*.  $  ad.  tk.         N.  Americft.  Lord  Ampthill  [P.l 

o*.  J  ad.  aL  Nnkto,  Alaska,  apring  {E.  W.  SalYin-Godman  GolL 

Net§on\ 

lb*.  dadaL  Big  Island.  B. H. Roes, Esq. [P.]. 

jr*.  (f  ad.  ak.  Canada.  Govemment  of  d- 

nadaTP.]. 
If*.  (fad.aL  Godbout,  Canada,  March  (i^.^.    Salvin-Godman  ColL 

Comeau), 
s^.o".  d  $  ad.  8t   Nova  Scotia.  Old  ColL 

b  •  (f  ad.  ak.  Lyons  Falls,  New  York,  April    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

A,  J,  Dayan). 
d\  Pall.  ak.  Adirondacks,  New  York,  June    Salvin-Godman  ColL 

(C  H,  Merriam), 
d\  $  ad.  sk.  Cape  Cod,  Massachusetts,  Jan.    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

( W.  Brewster). 
«"•  $  ad.  sk.         Massachusetts,   Oct.    (H,    W.    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Henshaw). 
'".  (^  ad.  sk.  Illinois  (J?.  W.Nelson  ^Jencks).    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

y.  $  ad.  sk.  Chicago,    Dlinois    (Nelson    ^    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Jencks). 
A", »".  cJjuv.sk.    Penistons  Pond,  Bermuda,Feb.,    Capt.  S.  G.  Reid  [P.]. 

Dec. 
A;",/".  Skeletons.    Europe.  Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

m".  Skeleton.        England.  Purchased. 

n".  Skeleton.         England.  Dr.  Giinther  [P.]. 

o".  Skeleton.  England.  Purchased. 

p"-s^'.  Sterna.       England.  M.  Lefebvre  [C.]. 

f'-w".  Sterna. 

2.  Clangnla  islandica. 

Clangula,  Brtss.  Om.  vi.  p.  416,  pi.  xxxvii.  f.  2  (1760). 

Iceland  Duck,  Lath.  Syn.  lii.  2,  p.  545,  n.  83  (1785). 

Anas  islandica,  Gm.  Syst.  N.  i.  2,  p.  541,  n.  116  (1788) ;  Lath.  Ind. 

Om.  ii.  p.  871,  n.  05  (1790) ;  Bonn.  Enc.  MM.  i.  p.  133  (1700) ; 

VieUl.  N.  D.  V.  p.  121  (1816) ;  Dum.  Diet.  So,.  Nat.  vi.  pp.  376, 

878  (1817) ;  Naum.   rdy.  DeuUchl.  xii.  p.  186,  Taf.  317  (1842) ; 

Thtenem.  liaise,  ii.  p.  251,  tab.  iii.  (1827);  Kriiper,  Naumannia, 

1857,  i.  p.  40;  Gieb.  Thes.  Om.  i.  p.  a54  (1872). 
Anas  clangula,  Faber  (nee  Linn.),  Prodr.  Island,  Om.  p.  71,  sp.  5 

(1822). 
Fuliffula  islandica,  Steph.  Oen.  ZooL  xii.  2,  p.  192  (1824);  Schley. 

Mus.  P.'B.,  Anseres,  p.  121  (1866) ;  Finschy  Abh.  nat.  Ver.  Brem. 

iii.  p.  67  (1872) ;  ^^6.  HUt.  Brit.  B.  iii.  p.  593  (18a5). 
Clangula  scapularis,  Brehniy  Isis,  1830,  p.  999,  n.ljid.  Voy.  Deutschl. 

p.  932  (18:31). 
Clan^rula  barrovii,  Sw.  ^  Rich.  Faun.  Bor.-Am.  ii.  p.  456,  pi.  70 

(ia31),  cf.  P.  Z.  S.  1831,  p.  132;   Gould,   B.  Fur.  v.  pi.  380 

(1837);  Less.  Conipl.  de  Buff.,  Ois.  2nded.  p.  721  (183e5) ;  Sw, 

An.  in  Menay.  p.  271  (1838) :  Bp.  Comp.  List,  p.  58   (1838) ; 

^.  Mon.  Anat.  p.   165  (18:38) ;   Holhodl,  Kroyer's  Naturhist. 

Tidsskr.  iv.  p.  437  (1843) ;  id.  Om.  Beitr.  Fatrn.  Griinl.  (Paulsm'% 

Uebers.)ia.  66  (1846);  Licht  Nomencl.  Av.  p.  102  (1^54). 
Fuligula  (Cflangula)  barrovii,  Nutt.  Man.  ii.  p.  444  (1834) ;  Sely9,'L. 

Faun.  Bely.  p.  146  (l^<42) ;  Z>eyl.  Om.  Eur.  ii.  p.  446  (1849; ; 

F^er,  Beite,  p.  409  (1862) ;  Bree,  B.  Eur,  iv.  p.  104  (186S). 


FktTpus  barrowi,  Heink.  (len.),  K.  Dansk.  Seltk.  Natvrmd.  Aflt. 

1«W,  p.  103 ;  id.  Fatm.  Groefd.  p.  21,  ap.  8,  f.  8  (!&«). 
Fuligula  clangula,  var.,  Aud.  Orn.  Biogr.  t.  p.  105,  pi.  403  (1S39) ; 

id.   Sya.  p.  iSii  (part.)  (1U39);  id.  B.  Am.  vii.   p.   8^   (part.; 

(1843). 


B  ImiTOirii,   Temm.  Mm.  d'Om.  2Dd  ed.  iv.  p.  661   (1S40)  ; 
"  /.  Jiev.  CHI.  p.  csviii  (1844) ;  Pwal.  J./.  0.  18.>%  p.  319. 
n  iBlnndicmn,  E.  f  U.   Wirbellh.  Ear.  pp.  Imvi,  *i9  (18401. 


ClHDgula  ukndica,  Bp.  Cat.  Mel.  Ucc.  Eur.  p.  74,  d.  4-^9  (1^42) ; 
G.  R.  Gr.  Li»t  B.  BrU.  Mm.  iii.  p.  145  (1844) ;  id.  Gen.  B.  iii. 
p.  62-J,  n.  3  (IS44) ;  Schnb.  Sgn.  Av.,  Natatory,  t.  74.  IT.  90-102 
(184.5);  Stlnh.  J.f.  0.  18.74,  p.  441  (Givanland);  Bp.  C'(mpt. 
Send,  xliii.  p.  661,  n.  148  (1850) :  Stinh.  Jftw,  1801,  p.  14  (Green- 
land, bretdinB) ;  Baird,  Ihis,  1867:  p.  284  ;  Drgt.  Sf  Ovrb.  Om. 
E»r.  ii.  p.  544  (1867) ;  Sound.  BuU.  Soc.  Zoo/.  Fr.  ii.  p.  L>00 
(Vaknria!){1877);  Drea.  B.  of  Ear.  y\.  p.  003,  pi.  441  (1878); 
Sdnl.  P.  X.  S.  1880,  p.  527 ;  Bidgw.  Norn.  A".  Am.  B.  a.  619 
(1881):  Sah.  Cat.  B.  Strickl.  CoU.  p.  5.38  (188l>);  Coutt.  CAei-k- 
U»t,  2nd  cd.  p.  116,  n.  726  (1882) :  B.  O.  U.  Lint  Brit.  B.  p.  131 
(1888);  Sort/.  J./.  O.  1883,  p.  282(Ala«k«l;  Coua,  S>a  X.  Am. 
B.  2nd  ed.  p.  704,  n.  726  (1884) ;  B.,  B.,l^  B.  Water-B.  JV.  Am. 
ii  p.  41  (1884);  Sautid.  in  Yarr^s  Hi»t.  Brit.  B.  iv.  p.  43« 
(ieey-86) ;  Trittr.  Cat.  CoU.  B.  p.  47  (1889) ;  Duboit,  Favn.  Vtrt. 
Bflq.,  Oil.  ii.  p.  486,  pi,  265  (1892) ;  A.  Newt.  Diet,  of  B.  p.  3l-9 
(pt.  2, 18(13). 

Bucephfila  islandica,  Baird,  B.  N.  Am.  p.  796  (18.o8) ;  id.  Cat.  N. 
Am.  B.  -a.  504  (1*>0) ;  EUia,  Ana.  Lpc.  Ifat.  Hitt.  X.  F.  vii. 
pp.  449-454  (1862);  Boardm.  Pi:  Bo»t.  Soc.  N.  H.  ix.  p.  129 
(Maine)  (1862) ;  Blalaet.  Ibi»,  18(13,  p.  148 ;  ElUot,  B.  A".  Am.  ii. 

E:  ilvi.  (pt.  11,  1866);  Couen,  Pr.  En.  Imt.  v.  p.  300  (X^w 
njtlaLd) ;  l)aU  4"  Bonn.  Tr.  Chie.  Acad.  i.  p.  08  (Sitlta  and  the 
Yultonj  (1869) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Hand-Kit,  iii.  p.  87.  n.  10698  (187H  ; 
Vouft,  Key,  p.  290  (1873J  ;  id.  Oeefc-fi^,  n.  606  (1873) ;  id.  Bird* 
-".- HVsf,  II.  577  (18741. 


47. 


385 


I 


wing,  formed  by  the  median  win^r-coTerts,  the  tips  of  the  greater 
ones,  and  by  the  Becondaries,  obliquely  divided  by  a  black  bttod 
formed  by  the  base  of  tho  greater  coverts ;  inner  secondaries  or 
tertials  black  with  a  purple  gloss ;  under  wing-coTerts  and  asil- 
laries  black  ;  feathers  of  the  flanks  broadly  edged  with  black  ;  Bides 
of  the  romp  black ;  eidea  of  the  vent  and  ont«r  under  tail-coverts 
tinged  with  dark  gre)- ;  tail  dark  brown-grey,  with  a  slight  gloss  : 
bill  dark  plumbeoas;  iris  rich  yellow;  legs  and  toes  yellow,  webs 
daaky.  Total  length  about  20  inches,  wing  9-6,  tail  4'5,  calmeii 
1-45,  tarsus  1-55. 

Female.  Similar  to  that  of  C.  i/laueioa,  but  larRcr,  the  grey  of  the 
chest  broader  and  iiaually  deeper,  and  the  white  collar  narrower ; 
greater  wing-coverta  always  (?)  distinctly  tipped  with  blackish. 
Total  length  18  inches,  wing  S'25-8-75. 

Hab.  Iceland,  occasionally  straying  to  Europe  ;  Northern  Ame- 
rica &om  Greenland  to  Alaska,  south  in  winter  to  New  Tork. 
Illinois.  Utah,  &c. 


a,  b,  c.    (J  ad.    Iceland. 


Purchased. 


d.  d  ad.  sk.         Iceland.  Prof,  A-  Newton  [P.]. 

e.  rf  Ml.  ek.         N.  America  {U.  H",  Henthaw).      Salvin-Godraftn  Coll. 
/,  g.   cf  ad.  et    Godbout,  Canada,  March,  July    Sairin-Godman  Coll. 


pull.  tik.  (iV.  A.  (.hmeau), 

k,i,k.  (J  2  ad.    W.  side  of  Rucky  M 


:.  (J  2  ad.  W.  side  of  Rucky  Mts.                   J,  K.  Lord,  Esq.  [P,]- 
2  imm.sLi. 

il  $  Hd.  sk.  Alkali  Lake,  W.  side  of  Rocky     J.  K.  Lord,  Esq.  [P.]. 
Hts. 

>.  (f  ad.  sk.  OrcM  Island,  near  Vancouver  I.,    Dr.  Lyall  [P.]. 

B,  p.   cJ  $   ad.  Upper  Klamnth   Lake,  Uregon,    Salrin-Godman  OoU. 

ak.  January  (A.  Forrer). 


3.  Clangula  albeola. 
Little  Black  and  White  Duck,  Eda.  Xat.  RUt.  B.  iL  pi.  100  (1747) 

(Newfoundland), 
Buffel'e  Head  Duck,  CaUfb.  Card.  i.  t.  96  ({J){C««>lin«)  (1754) ; 

Lath.  Syn.  iii.  2,  p.  633,  n.  7fi  (1785). 
Little  Brown  Duck,  CatttA.  Coral,  i.  t.  08  { $ )  (1754)  ;  Lath.  Syn. 


Qnerquedula  ludoviciana,  Briit.  Om.  vi.  p.  431,  y\.  xli.  f.  1  (1760). 

Querqueduk  carolinensia,  Bnu.  Om.  vi.  p.  464  (I'liO). 

Anu  albeola,  Linn.  S.   !/.  i.  p.   199,  n.  19  ll7Gtt)jer  EdiPardt) -, 


(.  Enc.  Mm.  i.  p.  167,  pi.  41.  f.  1  (1791) ;  Wiii.  Am.  <Mi. 
Tiii.  p.  61,  pi.  62.  B.  2,  3  (1814) ;  FunU.  N.  D.  v.  p,  119  (1816) ; 
Xhiin.  DuA.  Se.  Nat.  vi.  p.  SOS  (1817) ;  Donotmn,  Brit.  B.  x. 
pi.  226(1819);  Leu.  TV.  JOrrt.  p.  631  (1831);  SchUg.  Sea.  Cnt. 
p.  ciii  (1844) ;  Gitb.  Tha.  Om.  i.  p.  344  (1872). 
Abm  buoephala,  imn.  S.  iV.  i.  p.  200,  n.  ai  (<J)(1706)  [^v  CattAy, 
t  96)  i  atn.8.N.i.2,  p.  621,  n.  21  (1788) ;  B<mt.  Ene.  Mith.  L 
VOL.  zxm.  2  0 


p.  127,  pi.  35.  f.  2  (1790) ;  Vieill.  N.  D.  v.  p.  169  (1816);  Dvm. 

Diet.  Sc.  Nat.  vi.  p.  382  (1817). 
Adu  rustjm,  Zins.  S.  N.  i.  p.  201,  n.  24(5)  (1766)  (tr  Catetijf, 

t  08);  Gm.   &   N.  i.   2,  p.  624,  n.  24  (1788) ;   VieiU.  N.  B.  v. 

p.  170  (1816) ;  Dum.  Diet.  Sc.  Nat.  tI.  p.  398  (1817). 
Sonelle  de  la  Louisiana,  ditto  la  Religieuse,  D'AtAent.  PI.  Eni.  918 

(6). 
SareeUe  blanche  et  noire.  Buff.  Hia.  Nat.  Ow.  ix.  p.  284  (1783). 
Petit  canard  tigTo»Betete,£u^.  I.  e.  p.  249  (tj). 
Sarcelle  de  la  Caroline,  Buff  I.  c.  p.  286  (  2  )- 
CUnftula  albeok,  Sttph.  Gen.  Zool.  lii.  2,  p.  184  (1824);  Boie,  Iiit, 

1826,  p.  980;  Sw.  ^  Xic/t.  Faun.  Sor.-Am.  ii.  p.  468   (1831)  ; 

Jen.   Man.   p.  246  (1886)  (Eogland) ;  Eyt.  Mon.  AntU.  p.  164 

(1838) ;  Bp.   (hmp.  Liit,  p.   58  (1838) ;    Vig.  Zool.   Beech.   Voy. 

p.  S2  (1839) ;  Bv.  Cat.  Met.  Ucc.  Evr.  p.  74  (1B42) ;  Harll.  Verz. 

Get.  Mtu.  p.  121  (1844)  ;  G.  S.  Gr.  Uit  B.  Brit.  Mut.  iii.  p.  144 

(1844)  i  id.   Gm.  B.  iii.  p.  692,  n.  5   (1844) ;  Sclinb.  ^.  Av., 

Nfttatores,  t.  74,  ff.  105-106  (1845) ;  Bp.  Bn.  Crit.  p.  106  (1850) ; 

Baird,  Stansbury'i  lUp.  p.  324  (1852) ;  Lickt.  NomencL  Av.  p.  102 

(1854);  Beivh.  J.  f.   O.   1864,  p.   442  (Greenland);  Bp.  Compt. 


Send,  xixviii.  p.  664  (Not.  Call.  Delattre,  p.  94)  (1854)  ; 
Compt.  Rend,  iliii.  p.  651,  n.  149  (1856) ;  Nev:b.  P.  B.  R.  1 
Ti.  p.   104  (1867) ;  Cab.  ^  Gundl.  J.  f.  0.   1867,  p.  230  (Cuba) ; 


Heerm.  P.  S.  S.  Rep.  x.  pt  vi.  p.  70  (1869) ;  Murr.  Edinb.  New 
PhU.  Joum.  1869,  p.  230;  Brewer,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  M.  vii. 
p.  308  (CuU)  (1860);  Seinh.  Ibi»,  1861,  p.  14  (Greenland); 
OundL  J.  f.  0.  1861,  p.  346  (Cuba),  1862,  p.  93;  Degl 
4-  Qerbe,  Om.  Eur.  ii.  p.  545  (1867);  Newt.  P.  Z.  S.  1871, 
p.  67  (egg)  !  Sartinff,  Man.  Br.  Birds,  p.  161  (Great  Britain) 
(1872) ;  Pelz.  Ibit,  1873,  p.  46  ;  Sclal.  ^  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1876, 
p.  401 ;  Dreit.  B.  of  Eta-,  vi.  p.  569,  pi.  439  (1877) ;  Scl.  P.Z.S. 
1880,  p.  527;  Ridgw.  Nirni.  N.  Am.  B.  n.  621  (1881);  Bran,  Pr. 
U.S.  Nat.  Ma>.y.  p.  16^  (liS-J)  (Un;Ju-"La) ;  Coues.  Check-lift, 
727  (!882);  &j/t.   Cat.  B.  Striekl.  C-U.x.    ~~^ 


47. 

Bucephalti  slbeola,  Batrd,  B.  If.  Am.  p.  797  (1858) ;  id.  Cat.  N. 
Am.  S.  a.  595  (1859) ;  Chop.  Ji-  Sacld.  N.  H.  Wa»h.  Terr.  p.  259 
(1860);  Blakist.  Ibi»,  1862,  p.  10,  1863,  p.  148;  Oras.  Ibi»,  im6, 
p.  44  (Texas);  Cbua.  Pr.  Ac.  PhUad.  1866,  p.  99  (ArixonB): 
-.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  viii.  p.  297  (1666) ;  (haiM.  JUpert.  Fu.- 


I 
I 


breeding)    (1869):    Steo.   [r.S.  Geol.  Sun.   Terr.   1870,  p.  466 

(Wyomia?);  O.  R.   Or.  Hand-Hit,  n.  p.  87,  n.  10699  (1871); 

Aikm,  Pr.   Soil.   Sue.   it.   p.   210    (CoIorBdo)    (1872);     C<m», 

Key.  p,  290  (1872);  id.   CAtek-iid  N.   Am.   B.  n.  507  (1873); 

^ow.B.Eaat.^.  11  (1873);  Srlat.^SatB.  Nomencl.  Av.Neotrap. 

p.  130(1873);  Cfauea,  2).>d*  JV.-JffJf.p.  677  (1874);  OuwCV./.  O. 

1875,  p.  383  (Cuba) :  Salt.  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  428  (Eequiomlt). 
Fuliffula  (Glauclon)  albeola,  Bchtm.  Orn.  Cfntralbi.  1882,  p.  &. 
Cbantonetlaalbeola,  «<^..  Bull.  U.S.  Nat.  Mui.  no.29,p.  166(1885) 

(Oommaader  IglaniL!)  ;   A.  O.  U.  Chech-litt  N.  Am.  B.  p.   120, 

n.  153  (1886);  Tunitr,  Cbntr.  If.  H.  of  Aiatka,  p.  134  (1886) ; 

NeUon,  Nat.  Hist.  CoU.  in,Ala»ka,  p.  72  (1887) :  SidfftB.  Man.  N. 

Am.  B.  p.  106  (1887);  Sti^'a.  Pr.  n.S.  Nat.  Mui.  ±.  p.  137  (1887) 

(Commander  L) ;  Cory,  Auk,  1888,  p.  67   {Caha) ;  Satci,  B.  of 

jVmn«.  p.66(1892). 

Ailulc  male.  Head  and  upper  half  of  the  neck  metallic  green, 
with  H  porplo  gloes  on  the  crown,  sidea  of  the  neck,  and  throat ;  a 
large  patch  of  pure  white  on  the  sides  of  the  head,  eitendiiig  from 
the  eje  back  to  the  occiput ;  lower  neck  all  round,  breast,  and 
nnderparts  pure  white;  back  and  mmp  black;  upper  tail-covorta 
pearl-jfrt-y ;  scapulnrs  white,  the  longer  ones  tipped  with  black : 
wings  black,  with  a  large  white  patch  covering  Ihe  central  wing- 
coverts  and  the  Becondariee ;  marginal  wing-coverts  blauk,  edged 
with  white ;  under  wing-coverts  blackish,  more  or  less  edged  with 
white ;  BJcillarieB  black  ;  tail  dark  grey :  bill  bluish  black ;  irides 
dark  brown  ;  legs  and  toee  pinkiah,  the  weba  and  joinU  darker. 
Total  length  about  15  iachea,  wii^  7,  tail  3'5,  culmen  1,  tarsus  1*1. 

Female.  Head  and  neck  brown,  with  a  alight  purple  glosa ;  a 
white  longitudinal  patch  on  the  cheeks  and  ear-coverts ;  uppw 
parte  blackish  brnwn,  mmp  blacker;  upper  tail-coverts  greyish; 
nnderparta  white :  sides,  flanks,  vent,  and  under  tail-coverts  dull 
greyish,  alao  the  breast  slightly  tinged  with  grey ;  apical  half  of 
the  secondaries  white,  forming  the  speculum;  the  greater  wing- 
coverts  have  subapicol  white  spots,  and  are  edged  with  white  at  the 
tip ;  tail  brownish  grey  :  bill  dnaky,  inclining  to  plumbeous  at  end 
and  along  commissure ;  iris  dark  brown ;  legs  and  toes  dilute 
lilao-pink,  the  weba  and  joints  darker.  Total  length  about  12*5 
inches,  wing  6,  culmen  1,  tarsus  1. 

Toting  mala  in  the  first  autumn  resemble  females. 
.   Bah.  North  America,    breeding  northward   from    Labrador   to 
Alaska ;  migrating  south  in  wint«r  to  Mejdco ;  occasionally  straying 
to  Cuba,  Europe,  and  U)  Asia  (Commander  Islands). 


e.  a  »d.H 

e.  e  ad-ak. 

f.  $  Ad.  ak. 

g.  (J  ad.  sk. 
A.  6  ad.  ak. 

i,1i.  69.fA.tii. 
I.  $  ad.  ak. 

Bl,  M.   P  cJ   jUT. 

ak. 

0.  <;  ad.  ak. 

p.  (J  ad.  sk. 

q,r.  (J  ad.  et 
jnv,  ak. 

1.  <;  ad.  ak. 


N.  America. 

N.  America. 
N.  America. 
N,  America. 
VoDcouver's  Island. 
Semiahmoo  Bay,  Vancouver  I., 

North  Land  ExpediUoD. 

Fort    Reliance,  Upper  Yukon, 

Oct.  (E.  W.  NehoH). 
British  Columbia. 

Eequimalt,  Brit  Columbia  (Qtpt. 

Markham). 
Potomac  B.,  Eequimalt  IJ.  J. 

Albert). 


Clark  EenDedr,  En. 

[CI. 
Lord  Ampthill  [F.]. 
Salvin-Oodman  CoU. 
HJ.Elwe8,aq.[P.1. 
J.  K.  Lori,EM.[P.l. 
Dr.  Ljall  [P.]. 


(,  w.   (J?   ad. 

at. 
V.  $  ad-ak. 

w.  e  ad-ak. 

j^.  (f  ad.  ak. 

y.  $  ad.  ak. 

«.  ^ad.BL 


Little  Masquaah  Harlwur,  New 
BrunawicE,    March    (S.    E. 


4MhParaUeL 

Fort  Dufierin,  April. 

North  Dakota,  May. 

Big  Moose  Lake,  New  York, 
OcL  (C.  H.  Merriam). 

Maaaachneette,  Oct.  {H.  W. 
Hentkme). 

Gibwn,    Indiana,    April    {W. 


J.K.  Lord,Eaq.[P.]. 

SalviD-Qodman  ColL 

Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

Qovemment  of   Ca- 
nada fP.]. 
H.  J.  Elwes,  Esq. 

[P.]. 

Old  CoU. 

N.  America  Boundarf 

Comm.  [P.]. 
N.  America  Boundaij 

Comm.  [P.]. 
£.  S.  Cameron,  Esq, 

[P.]. 
SalTin-Godman  ColL 

Salvin.Qodman  CaiL 

Salvin-Oodman  ColL 


48. 


1.  Harelda  glacialis. 

LoDg-teiled  Dock  from  Hudson's  Bav,  Edm.  Birdt,  iii,  pi.  156  (<J) 

(1750). 
Long-tailed  Duck  from  New-FoundJnnd,  Edw.  Glean,  of  ffat.  Hut. 

ii.  p.  ]46,  pi.  280  (<f )  (1755)  ;  Lath.  Syn.  iu.  2,  p.  528,  n.  72 

(i7Sa). 

Adim  longicauda  islandico,  Bruf.  Orn.  vi.  p.  379  (1760). 

Auns  longicaudn  ar    Iiwula  Terrie-novie,  Srui,  op,  eit.  p,  882 

(1760). 
Querquedula  feiroenus,  £ci«.  ou.  ci.  p,  466,  pL  xL  f.a  ($  or  ij  juv.) 

(1760), 
Ana8hyemalw,L«n.S.JV.  Lp.  202,  n.  a>{176(l)i  Seop.Am.I.Bitt. 

Aat.  p.  61,  n.  74  (1760) ;  Fadr.  Faua.  Granl.  p.  71  (1780) ;  Om. 

*•.  Ji^.i.  2,  p,  521",  n.29(1788);  Bam-Enc.  Mm.i.p.l^  [1790); 

Uum.  Diet.  Se.  Xat.  vi.  p.  393  (1817) ;  P  MinUr.  Cat.  Rail.  Cave. 

p.  E8(Bakou)(1832). 
Aqbs  glaciaUs,  Lirm.  8.  N.  i.  p.  203,  n.  30  (1766) ;  Fortt.  Xinn.  Tran: 

Itii.  p.  418  (1773)  ;    Gm.  S.  JV.  i.  2,  p.  529,  n.  30  (1788) ;  Lath. 

Ind.  On.  ii.  p.  864,  n.  82  (1790)  ;  Bonn.  Erie.  JUifh.  i.  p.  129, 

5L   37.  t.  4  (1790):  PalL  Zocyr.    Itoiio-Ai.  ii.    p.  276  (1811); 
fettt.  Om.  Diet.  Suppl.,  dsf.  pi.  — .  f.  iii.  (tntchen)  (1813) ; 

WHi-Am.  Om.  viiL  pp.  93,  96,  pi.  70.  £  1  (tJ),  3  (2  )  (1814); 

r«mni.Mai(.(rOrn.  p.  658(1815);   FieiU.  N.  D.  y.  ^.  122  (1816); 

Dum.  Diet.  Se.  Nat.  vi.  p.  386(1817);  Sabintt,  Tr.  Liim.  Soc.  x^. 

p.  655,  pL  30.  ff.  3,  4  (tincheft)  (1817) ;   Temm.  Man.  2nd  ed.  ii. 

p.  860  (1820) ;  Sabine,  App.  to  Parn/t  Ut  Vay.  p.  ecviii  (1821)  ; 

Liekt.  Vtn.  DpuAl.  p.  85  (1823) ;  Jtich.  App.  to  ParryU  'ind  Voy. 

p.  373  (1825)  ;  Bp.  SpercA.  Camp.  p.  73,  n.  269  (1827) :  iess,  Tr. 

•rOrtt.  p.  631  (1881);  Temm.  Man.  aOm.  \\.  p,  653  (1840); 

ScUeg.  Ecu.   CHt.  p.  cxrii    (1844) ;   JVaum.    Vog.  Jieutgcht.  xii. 

p.  210,  pi.  319  (1844) :  .«hW.  Sidir.  Rat.  ii.  2,  p.  236  (18531. 
SMcellB  de  rial«  Ferroe,  IfAulxmt.  PI.  Enl.  999  ( ? )  (17—  ?).' 
Coiiftrd  de  Miclon,  D'Aubm/..  PL  Enl.  1008  (J)  (17—?). 
Canard  ik  lonsiie  queue  de  Terre-neuve,  Buff,  Sitt   Nat.  Oia.  ii. 

p.202(ira-i). 
AuBB  Bswktt,  Lfpeeh.  Itiner.  iii.  icoo.  bon«  {fide  PaO.  Zooar.  R.-A.  ii. 

p.  276). 
Anas  miclooia,  Bod,t.  TaN.  Pt.  Enl.  p.  B8,  ^l  1008(1783). 
Anas  bmchyrhynchos,  Beteke,  Veij/.  Kurl.  p.  60.  pi,  6  (1792). 
Adbb  leueowpbala,  Bcehtt.  TatiAmii.  ii.  Taf.  29  (juv.)  (1803). 
Anas  loogicBuda,  Ltath  (nee  BriM.),  Cai.  M.  ^  B.  Brit.  Mua.  p.  37 

(1816). 
C\tuiguie,n\aciB.\\f,  Leach,  in  Bou'e  Foy.Ditcov.,  Afip.  p.xlviii  (1819); 

Flem.  Phito$.  of  ZooL   ii,   p.  260  (1822) ;  Boie,  Uit,  1822,  p,  6W, 

n,  1 ;  firrAm,   Voj/.  De>Uichl.   p.  837  (1831) ;  HM.  Faun.  Griml. 

iPauhen'i  frantl)  p.  04  (1846). 
Platypus  Rlncialis.  Brehn,  Lehrb.  tot.  Vo>/.  ii.  p.  840  (1824) ;  Faber, 

Imi,  1826,  p.  323;  ScJiHUnff,  J.  f.  O.  1853,  p,  378. 
Platypus  (uberi,  Brehm,  op.  cit.  p.  1001  (1824) ;  Faber.  UU,  1826, 

Mareld*  (tlacialig,  Slvph.  Oen.  Zool.  i 
Ste.  S[  Rich.  Faun.  Bor.-Am.  ii.  p.  ' 
(1835) ;  Est.  Cat.  Brit.  B.  p.  50  (18; 

(1837)  j  ^t.  Man.  Anal.  pp.  66, 162.  pi.  14  (skeleton  and  trachea) 
(leaSji  Bp.  Cbmp.  Xirf,  p.  69  (1838);  K.  ^  B.  Wirbelth.  Ew. 


..  2,  p.  175,  pi.  58  (1 
50  (18.31)  ;  Jen.  Man.  i 
■   ;  aouid.B.Eur.\ 


pp.  Izxzvii,  S29  (1840) ;  Bp.  Cat.  Met.  Vcc.  Bur.  p.  74  (1842)  ; 
Sara.  Yen.  Get.  Mu».  p.  121  (1B44);  O.  R.  Gr.  Lut  B.  BrU. 
Mut.m.'p.  145(1844);  id  ^ni.  £.m.  p.622  (1844) ;  ifcAni.fbn. 
Av.,  Nfttatorea,  t.  76.  ff.  112-115  (1846);  Blyth,  Cat.  B.  JBiw. 
A.  S.  B.  p.  307  (1849);  Schnb.  Av.  StfU.  Nat.  p.  Tiii  (1962); 
lacKt.  Nommcl.  Av.  p.  103  (1864) ;  Bp.  Compt.  Rend,  zliii.  p.  661, 
n.  146  (1866) ;  Neicb.  P.  R.  R.  Rfp.  vi.  p.  104  (1867) ;  Bmrd,  B. 
S.  Am.y.  800  (1868)  ;  id.  Cat.  K.  Am.  B.  n.  697  (1869) ;  Murr. 
Bdinb.  JV.  jaa.  Joum.  1869,  p.  aSO  (Hudson's  Bay) ;  Coop.  * 
Sueki.  JV.  H.  Waih.  Terr.  p.  281  (1860) ;  Reinh.  IbU,  1801,  p.  14 
(Greenland) ;  Mou,  Canad.  Natw.  Apr.  1862  (Mackenzie) ;  Vrrr. 
Pr.  Eu.  Inst.  iii.  p.  163  (1862)  ;  Boardm.  Pr.  Boat.  Soc.  ix.  p.  139 
(1862) ;  G.  E.  Or.  List  Brit.  B.  p.  203  (1863) ;  Blakitt.  Ibia, 
1863,  p.  149  (Brit.  N.  Am.) ;  Smnh.  P.  Z.  S.  1863,  p.  824 ; 
Malmgr.  (Efe.  K.  Vet.-Ak.  Forh.  1863,  p.  108,  1864,  p.  389 ; 
id.  J.  f.  O.  1863,  p.  379  (Spitebergen) ;  A.  Nemt.  Ibis,  1865, 
p.  516  (SpitabeiKBn) ;  Laipr.  Ann.  Lye.  JV.  F.  riii.  p.  297 
(1866) ;  Whittly,  Ibis,  1867,  p.  208  (Hakodadi) ;  Degl.  ^  Otrbe, 
Om.  Eur.  \\.  p.  549  (1867)  ;  Ows,  Pr.  Eu.  Inst.  t.  p.  i08 
(1868) !  Broim,  Ibis,  1868,  p.  426  (Vancouver) ;  Dro^e,  J.f.  O. 
1868,  p.  43  (Borkum),  1869,  p.  347  (Faroe);  Eyl.  8m.  Anat. 
p.  121  (1869);  Dall^Rann.  Tr.  Ckic.  Aead.  i.  p.  298  (1869); 
aUUU,  Ml,  1870,  p.  309  (Nova-Zenilia) ;  Gould,  B.  Great  Brit. 
T.  pi.  33  (1870) ;  Sainh.  P.  Z.  8.  1871,  p.  419  (Takoo)  ;  G.  R.  Gr. 
Hand-lilt, iii.  p. 87,  n.  10701  (1871) ;  Hevgl.  J.f.0. 1871, pp.  89,92, 
106  (SpiWbergen) ;  id.  Ibis,  1872,  p.  63  ;  FiTUch,  AbA.  Brtm.  Ver. 
iu.  p.  67  (1872) ;  Set^L  J.  /.  0.  1872,  p.  122  (NoTBJa  Semlja  and 
WigBtoch) ;  Frittch,  J.  /.  0.  1872,  p.  371  ;  Couei,  Efy,  p.  291 
(1872) ;  id.  ChedUia,  n.  608  (1873)  ;  Finsdi,  Die  Zweite  deutieie 
yordpolarfa/irt,  ii.  Vogel,  p.  208  (1873) ;  Dali,  Avif.  Aleut.  Isl. 
Unal.  eas/.V!.  p.  6  (1873) ;  ii.  Avif.  AUut.  Isl.  Unal.  welt.  p.  7 
(1874);  fiajw.  Ann.  Lye.  JV.  Y.  x.  p.  390  (Lake  Michigan) 
(1874)  i  Couei,  B.  N.-Weit,  p.  679  (1874)  ;  id.  ia  EUiott't  Af. 
Alaska.  \\  191  (1875) :  Dreu.  li.  Eur.  vi.  p.  617,  pU.  443  ( £  & 
jur.),  444  (J  ad.)   (1875);  Heeb.  ^   Harvie   Brown,   Ibis,   1876 


Sharp',  Cat-  Otteol.  Sptcim.  Coil.  Surg.  ni.  p.  807  (1801) ;  (^Sm'f. 
Zooloff.  1892,  p.  100   (Suffolk);  Dub.  Fa»n.  Vert,  lielg.,  Oa.  ii. 

8  489.  pi.  2«7  (180i>)  ;  Peari.  Jj-  £id».  Ibii,  \mk,  p.  I'Sa  (N. 
«rwav);  CoiUlt,  Mindrt  Mcdd.  vedr.  Norgu  FugUf.  1881-S2, 
p.  i-ii  (IS94). 
Auas  (Kalipiik)  gUciftlia,  Bp.  Ohi.  Nomenel  WHi.  n.  275  (IffiS), 
Fuiijiiiln  gluLirJis,  Up.  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hut.  JV.  I'ork,  ii.  p.  396 
(182^1) ;  id.  Im,  1832,  p.  1190 ;  Savi,  Ont.  Tok.  iii.  p.  140  (I&11) : 
Idmt.  On.  Diet,  find  ed.  ii.  p.  51B,  t.  c,  p.  SIS  (trachea]  (1831) ; 
Aud.Om.BioQT.\v.v.im,f[.i\l%0SSB);  ta.fljfli.  p.296(1839) ; 
id.  B.  Am.  ti.   p.  379,  pL   dlO  (1843) ;  Seh/»-L.  Faun.  B^.  i. 

L148  (18i2) :  De  Kay,  V.  Y.  Zool.  ii.  p.  328  (1844) ;  Oiraud,  B. 
ng  Id.  p.  337   (1844);   Degl.   Om.  Eur.   H    p.    447    (1844); 

WaUengr.  Naumannia,  irf54,  p,  275;  SchUg.  MiM.P.-B., Anseroa. 

p,  23  (1866) :  David.  N.  Arth.  du  Mui.,  Bull.  vii.   Qit.  n.  458 

(1871) ;  Palm^,  J./.  O.  1876,  p.  59  (Flnliud)  :  Brandt,  J./.  0. 

1880,  p.  240  (Si.  Petersburg) ;  Sfrb.  Sitt.  Brit.  B.  iii.   p.  5B8, 

pi.  66  (1835)  :  id.  Ibii,  1888,  p.  351   (U&kaff  Isl.) ;  id.  B.  Jap. 

Sinp.  p.  252  (N.  Japan)  (1890);  Brandt,  J.  f.  O.  1891,  p.  369 

(Sitka). 
Fuligula  (Clan^la)  glacialin,  Bp.  Syn.  p.  395  (1828). 
Pagonettii  Rlaci^lifl,  Kmp,  Natiirl.  Syit.  p.  66  (1829). 
Cl&DffulH  bieitinlis,  Brehm,  Iiin,  1830,  p.  099,  u.  I  ;  id.  Vog.  DmiscU. 

p.  033  (1821). 
ClaD)iula  faberi,  Brehm.  Iii*,  1830,  p.  099,  n.  2;  id.  Viig.  DndteM. 

p.  935  (Oreenlund)  (1831). 
ClMgulft  toegauios,  Brtkm,  Itia,  1830,  p.  990,  n.  3 ;  id.  Viig.  Dadicht. 

p.  036  (1831). 
CUngula  miwicR,  BreAm,  Im,  1830,  p.  900,  o,  4 ;  id.  lUg.  DeattM. 

p.i&37(1831). 
Clnngnlft  bnKhjThvnchos.  Brthtn,  leit,  1830,  p.  000,  n.  6 ;  iJ.  Fog. 

Deutteia.p.93a\l831). 
FuliKula  (Hareldn)  glacialia,  y'utt.  Man.  ii 

Mini.  Ac.  St.  PtUrib.  (tf)   Sc.  Nat.  Vi.  1 

Om.  Cmtralbl.  1882,  p.  17 ;  id.  T'dg.  tool.  Oart.  p.  47  (1882). 
Hnraldn  glacinlis,  Eou,  App.  to  Narr.  of  a  »ee.  Voy.,Nat.  Bitl,  p.  xl 

(1835) ;  &P.  Cbut.  B.  ii.  p.  369  (1837). 
CTUooDMsa  glocinlia,  MargiU.  Man.  Brit.  B.  ii.  p.  186  (1842). 
Harclda  hiemalis,  BreAm,  Vogelf.  p.  386  (1855)  ;  id.  Naumannia, 

1865,  p.  299. 
H*relda  faberi,  Brehm,  Vogelf.  p.  386  (1865)  ;  id.  Naumannia,  1855, 

p.  299. 
Hweldft  brachyrliynchos,  Brthm,  Vogelf.  p,  386  (1855) ;  id.  JVaw- 

maania,  18^5,  p.  290. 
Horelda  meffacerus,  Brehm,  Vogelf.  p.  387  (1856) ;  id.  Naunuinnia, 

1856,  p.  200. 
Harelda  musica,  Brehm,  II.  cc.  (1865), 

Anaa  (Hnrclda)  Klacialis,  Radde,  Sei».  S.  O.-Sibir.  ii.  p.  374  (1SG3), 
iifloai:ttaglac\alif,Sundev.MetA.nat.Aj>.disp.  Tail.p.  140  (1872); 

Move),  J.f.  O.  1875.  pp.  433,  434. 
GlaucioD  byeuialis,  ISeixrU.  J.f.  O.  1875,  p.  185. 
Hwelda  hTerofiliB,  Slejn.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mus.  t.  p.  38  (1882) ;  B.,  B., 

*  S.  Water-Birdt  N.  Am.  ii.  p.  67  (1884) ;   Tumrr,  Auk,  1886, 

p.  158 ;  6/yn.  Bull.  U.S.  Nat.  .Vw.  no.  29,  p.  160  (1886). 
CbuiRuln  bj-euialis,  ^.  O,  U.  CAeck^tl  N.  Am.  B.  p.  120,  n.  154 

(1886);    Turner,  Omtr.   Nat.   Hitt.  of  Alaska,   p.   134  (1886); 

Nebmt,  Nat  Hist.  Coll.  m  AUuka,  p.  72  (1887) ;  RtdgiD.  Man.  N. 


B.  p.  106  (1887) ;  atejn.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mm.  x,  p.  137  (1887) 
in^IOi  Hatch,  S.  of  Minnei.  y.  67  ('"~" 


Am.i 

(BerinK    ,  ,  ,       ,  .         . 

Fuligula  hyemalis,  ScAmo.  Sgtl.  Ven.  Viig.  JkutKhl  p.  67  (1869)  j 

id.  J.  f.  O.  1890,  pp.  83,  84 ;  Mackay,  Auk,  1802,  pp.  S3&-3S7. 
ClM^ula  (Harelda)  hyemidis,  SarUrt,  Kat.    Vogeteamml.   p.  233 

Advit  male  in  viinter  and  tpring  nuptitd  drett.  Head  and  neck 
-white ;  forehead  and  sides  of  the  head  pale  eooty  grey ;  on  each 
tdde  of  the  neck  an  oral  patch,  dark  brown  on  the  upper  part,  paler 
brown  on  the  lower  part ;  mantle,  back,  rump,  and  median  upper 
tail-coTorta,  breast  and  winga  dark  brown,  almost  black ;  rest  of 
the  lower  parts,  scapulars,  and  sides  of  the  upper  tail-coverts  white  ; 
aides  and  flanks  with  a  slight  grey  tinge  ;  secondaries  paler  brown 
than  the  rest  of  the  wing ;  under  win^-coverta  brown-black  \  central 
tail-feathers  very  long  and  pointed,  black,  the  next  feathers  blackish 
brown  edged  with  white,  the  white  increases  towards  the  outer 
feathers,  which  are  entirely  white  :  nail  and  basat  half  of  the  bill 
blackish  lead-colour,  the  intermediate  part  pale  pinkish  orange  : 
irides  reddish  brown  ;  legs  and  feet  lead-blue,  witJi  the  weba  and 
joints  blackish.  Total  length  about  22  inches,  wing  9,  tail  3-5, 
central  rectrices  from  7  to  8,  culmen  1-15,  tarsus  1-2.5. 

FtmaU.  Forehead,  crown,  and  back  of  the  neck  dark  brown; 
lores,  region  behind  the  eyes,  throat,  and  a  ring  ronnd  the  neck 
greyish  white ;  rest  of  the  npper  parts  dark  brown,  with  pale  olive- 
brown  margins  to  the  feathers  of  the  rump,  to  the  scapulars,  wing- 
ooverts,  and  outer  web  of  secondaries ;  jugulum  brown,  changing 
into  white  on  the  lower  parts ;  tail  greyish  brown,  with  the  edges 
of  the  feathers  whitish ;  the  centr^  feathers  are  not  elongated. 
Total  length  about  16  inches. 

Towng  in  firtl  plumage  resemble  adult  females,  hut  the  brown 
parts  are  psler  and  the  white  ones  less  white. 


Btukal.  in  Northern 
American  coatinent 
Northern  Statee  and 

a.  <f  ad.8k. 

b,  c.  cf  ad.  St 
d.  Jnv.  Bt. 

#.  <f  ad.  St 
/,  S  juT.  A. 

j).  cf  ad.Bk. 

A.  (f  ad.  Ht 

il  S  juT.  ale. 

k.^ad.tk. 
I.  a  ad.  sk. 
m.  $  ad.  bIi. 


Japan,  and  occasionally 
it  migrates  in  winter  a 
thu  Great  Lakes. 

No  locality. 
Great  Britain. 
Great  Britain. 


in  China;  on  the 
Ear  Bouth  as  the 


P.  Meyer,  Esq,  [P.]. 
"■    "  "rej  Egerton 


Sir  P.  Grey  I 

[P.l. 
Old  CoTi. 
H.  J.  Elwes,  Esq.  [P.]. 


Orkneys. 

Orkneys,    winter    {T.   H. 

Graemsny,  Orkney,   Sept.     Hargitt  ColL 

{T.H.  Dunn). 
Shetland,  n inter. 


Scotland,  Oct. 


p.  2  imm.  sk, 
q.  d  ad.  ek. 
r.  cf  ad.  ak. 


Edinburgh  Market. 
WbUb,  Norfoik.  Jan. 
yamwutii,  NorfoUf,  Jan. 

{Ovmi). 
DevoDHhire. 
Norway,  June  (H.  *). 
Norwav,  July. 
Bodo,  Norway,  May. 
Alexievka,  Petchora,  June 

(H.  «.). 
Petchora,  June  [H.  S.). 
Valley  of  the  Yen-e-say,  R 

Siberia,    let.   89'',  July 

(ff.  S.). 
.  Schlschutechja,  July. 


Theodore  Fisher gEsq. 
[P.]. 

R.  fi.  Sbarpe,  EHq. 

Tweeddale  Coll. 


Monta^  ColL 
Seebobm  Coll. 
Salvio-Godraan  Coll 
Sal\in-Godiuao  Coll. 
Seebohm  ColL 


y.  rf  ad.  sk. 

*,  a',  (f  £  ad.  ak. 

b'.  d  ad.  ak. 

e'.  $  ad.  sk 

If,  e'.  tf  ad.  sk. 

/.Sad.  St 
g',  k'.  i  ad.*  et  imm, 
ak. 

f,k'.  d  ad.  et  djnv.  ak 
v.  m'.  d  $  ad.  ak. 
»'.  SjUT.sk. 


Yezo,  Japan. 

Hnkodadi,    Japan,     Jan., 

Feb.  {makuton). 
Hakodadi,   Japan,   March 

{Hettfim). 
HeJiodadi,     Japan,     Jao. 

[H.  WhUelii). 
N.  America  (H.  W.  Hen- 

W.  side  of  Rocky  Mta. 
N.  America  (Dr.  Li/aU). 


[,   N.W.  America. 
Point  Barrow,  Ju 
Kotsebue. 

.    St.  Michael's,  Alaska,  June, 
Auv.,  and  Oct  (E.    W. 

NrUon). 


Dr.  O.  Finsch  \G.\ 
Kenneth  Loftua,  Esq. 

[P.]. 
Tweeddale  ColL 
Seebohm  ColL 

Seebohm  Coll. 

Tweeddale  Coll. 

Salrin-Godman  Coll. 

J.  K.  Lord,  Effl.  \?.\ 
Lord  Ampthill  [P.]. 

Capt.  ColLnson  [P.], 
Salvin-Oodman  Con. 
CBptKellett&  Lieut. 

Wood. 
Saliin-Godman  Coll. 


y',  i",  S  ad.  Bk. 

a''.  (J  ad.  at. 
b".  {}  ad.  ak. 
e".  e  "d-  <*. 
d".  c;  ad.  ak. 
«",/".  (J  2  ad.  ak. 

o".  PuU.  ak. 
A",  t".  cT  ?  ad.  ak. 
k".  $  ad.  ak. 
r,  m".  d  ad.  ak. 
■'.  rf  ad.  ak. 


Stevart'a  la.,  Alaska,  June, 
Sept.  {E.  W.  Ntbm). 

Northern  Ezpeditioii. 

Vancouver  Island. 

VanconveT  Island. 

Repulse  Baj. 

Lat.  82°  26'  22",  Sept. 
(Feilden). 

BellotIsland,AaK.(J^«>AJn)). 

SiscoTery  Bav,  June. 

Safety  CoTt,  Sept 

Greenland. 


SalTin-Qodman  ColL 


SalTin^Oodman  ()  ^ 
J.  K.  Lord,  Eaq.  [P.]. 
Dr.  J.  Eae  [P  * 
Voy.  H.M.8. 


'Alert* 


o",  p",  j".  cf  $!  ad.  sk.    Nova  Scotia. 
r",«",  c'.  d  id.  et        Labrador. 

,^^  J  ad    air 


Bar  of  Fundy,  Marcli  (Zf. 

E.  Dretier). 
Putnam    lUTcr    (O.    M. 

Stowy). 
Branbord,Connecticut,I>ec. 

{A.  J.  Dayan). 
:  NewIIaven,     Connecticut, 

Nov.  (C.  H.  Merriam  ^ 

A.  J.  Dayan). 
Lake  Umbago^,  Maine,  Oct. 

(W.  Brewtter). 
Lyon's  Falls,  New   York 

{,A.  J.  Damn). 
Bridgewater,Massachueett8, 

Nov.  (  W.  Brewater). 
Massscbusetts,  winter. 
Chicago,  niinoifl  (JJ.    W. 

Menfkain) , 


Voy.H.M.S. 'Alert' 

J.  Hart,  Esq.  [C.l. 

Old  CoU. 

Hume  ColL 

J.  Hart  Esq.  fCl. 

Old  Coll. 

Seebohm  Coll. 

Salvin-Qodman  ColL 

Salviil-Oadniaa  C<dL 

Salvin-Qodman  ColL 

SalTiD-Godmnn  ColL 

Salrin-Godman  ColL 
Salvin-Oodmaa  ColL 
Salvin-Oodman  ColL 


1.  Cosmonetta  hiatrioiiica. 
Harlequin  Duck. 
Dueky  and  Spotted  Duck,  Edw.  Nat.  Hut.  £.  ii.  pi.  99  ( J)  (1746) 

(Newfouadland). 
Little  Brown  and  White  Duck,  £tf«-.  op.  ctt.  iii.  pi.  167  f  5 )  (1750). 
Ana-i  torquata  ex  Insula  Tetre-novie,  Briit.  Om.  ti.  p.  362  (1760) 

{ex  Edieards)  ;  Gerini,  Star,  dtyli  Uce.  v.  tav.  580  (1776). 
Querqueduta  Freti  Uudsonis,  Brm.  r^.  cti.  \i.  p.  400  (1760)   (&r 

Sditar/h, -p].  157). 
Anas  histriouicB,  Linn.  S.  N.  i.  p.  204,  a.  35  (g)   (176(!);  Font. 

Linn.    Tram.  btii.  pp.  383,  41»  (1772);   Gm.  H.  JV.  i.  2,  p.  534, 

n.  35  (1788) ;  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  8Jfl,  n.  4S  (17aO) ;  Bonn. 

Enc.mth.  1.  P.I46,  pi.  36.  f.  2  ((J),  pi.  31t.  f .  2  (2)  (1790); 

Pall.  Zoogr.  SotiihM.  ii.  p.  273  (IHll);    WiU.  Am.   Om.  viii. 

p.  139,  pL.  72.  f.  4  (1814) ;   Temm.  Man.  tCOm.  p.  678  (1815)  ; 

rieiTl.  a:  D.  t.  p.  Ill  (1816)  i  Bum.  Diet.  Sc.  tfat.  ri.  p.  381 

(1817);    Temm.  Man.  2nd  ed.  ii.  p.  ftl78   (1820);  LicAt.    Fen. 

DouiU.  p.  85  (Iceland)  (1823);  iew.  Tr.iTOm.  p,  631  (1831); 

Temm.  Man.  2ad  ed.  it.  p.  549  ( 1840) ;  Naum.  t'dt/.  DrutKhl.  xij. 

p.  199,  Taf.  318  (1844) ;  &^hley.  Ser.  Crit.  p.  cxix  (1844) ;   Tetmn.  ^ 

SeMeg.  Fatm.  Jap.,  Ai'^,  pp.  129, 141   (I860J  ;  Jfiddrnd.  SAir. 

JReU.   iL  2,  p.  237  (1853) ;   Kriip^,  Nauuutnnia,  1857,  3,  p.   1 

(leel&ad);  Kiia.  Z)e7i£u>.  iL  p.  347  (1858);  Sidnh.  P.  Z.  8.  1863, 

p.  324 :  Gir-A.  The«.  Om.  i.  p.  354  (1872) ;  van  Kanptn,  Bull.  Soc. 

Zool.  Fr.  1889,  p.  106  (Dunkerque !). 
Anas  rainuta,  Linn.  S.  A',  i.  u.  201,  ii.  36  ( 5 )  (1760) ;  Gm.  S.  N.  i. 

2,  p.  534,  n.  36  (1788);    Vieill.  N.  D.  v.  pp.  1<H»,  170  (1816); 

Bum.  Diet.  Sc.  Nat.  vi.  pp.  385,  398  (1817). 
Canard  A  collier  de  Torre-neuve,  ITAubent.  PI.  Enl.  793  (rf),  799 

( 2  )  (17— :-) :  Bug-.  Hiit.  Nat.  Git.  ix.  p.  250  (1783). 
Swcelle  hruno  el  blanche,  Buf.  op.  dt.  p.  287  (17d3). 
Arlequin  Duck,  Penu.  Aret.  Zool.  ii.  p.  5li0,  o.  490  (1785) ;  Lath. 

Syn.  iii.  2,  p.  484,  n,  37  (1785). 
CUnffula  histrionica,  FUm.  Phil,  of  Zool.  li.  p.  260  (1822) ;  Bine, 

hit,  1822,  p.  564;  Slepk.  Oe».  Zool.  iii.  2,  p.  180,  pi.  67  (1824)  ; 

Flem.  Brit.  Anim.  p.  120  (1828)  [  Sib.  ^  Suih.  Faun.  Bor.-Am.  ii. 

p.  459  (1631) ;  Jen.  Man.  Brit.  VerC.  An.  p.  243  (1835) ;  R,t.  Cat. 

Brit.  B.  p.  69  (1836);  iJ.  Hi*t.  Bai-er  BrU.  B.  p.  84  (1836); 

Omld,  B.  Eur.  v.  pi.  380  (1837) ;  Bp.  Comp.  Li>l,  p.  58  (1838) ; 

&f.  Mon.  Anal.  p.   163  (sjn.  emend.),  pi.  lu.  a.  1   (akeleton) 

(1838) ;  MacgiU.  M<m.  ii.  p.  184  (1842) ;  G.  B.  Gr.  Li»t  B.  Bnt. 

Mtu.  iii.  p.  146  (1844);  if2.   Gen.  B.  iii.  p.   622,  n.  4  (1844); 

JfcAnA.  S^.  Av.,  Natalores,  t.  74.  ff.  107-111,  885  (1846) ;  Beinh. 

J.f.  O.  1854,  p.  442  (Greenland);  Lieht.  Nomend.   Av.  p.   103 

(1854) ;  Bp.  Compt.  Bend.  ii*riii.  p.  664  (Notet   VoU.  Delattm, 

p.  94)   (1854);   lUirJ,.  Ibis,  1861,  p.  14  (Greenland);   WkUelu, 

Ibii,  1867,  p.  208  (Hakodadi) ;  Dyb.  ^  Parr.  J.f.  O.  1808,  p.  339 

(Dauria);   Wright,  Ibi,,  I860,  p.  264  (Malta!);  Hnrtiag,  P.  Z.  S. 

1871,  p.  119  (N.  Coast  ai  Greenland);    Gorrod,  P.  Z.  S.   1875, 

p.  154  (trachea) ;  Stoinh.  Ibia,  1876,  p.  335  (KamUcliatka),  1877, 

p.  147  (Japan);  Garrod,P.  Z.  S.\%l&,'O.A'ie  {Xietichea) ;  Blakitt. 
■      5-  Pryer,  Ibii,  1878,  p.  215;  Seeb.  Ibu,  1879,  p.  22;  BlakUt.  * 

Pryer,  Tr.  At.  Sor.  Jap.  viii.  p.  186  (1880),  x.  i>.99  (1882) ;  Sartl. 

J.f  O.  1883.  p.  283  (Alaska) ;  Triar.  Cat.  OU.B. p.  47  (1889); 

Duboii,  Faun.  Vert.  Bdg.,  Oi*.  ii.  p.  488,  pi.  a66  (1892). 


Pl&typiu  miDutiu,  Brehm,  Ldarb.  ear.  VSg.  \\.  p.  84S  (1824). 
HatTpus  huUioniciu,  Brekm,  I.  c.  p.  848  (1624). 

la  (Ftiligula)  hiBtrionica,  Bp.  06t.  Nomend:  Will.  n.  377  (18S5). 


Fiiligula  biBtrionica,  Bp.  Ann.  Ltfc.  If.  T.  ii.  p.  394  (1626) ;  id.  Su». 
p.  894  (18281 ;  id.  Iiis,  1832,  p.  1190 ;  Aud.  Om.  Biogr.  iti.  p.  613 
hSSfi),  T.  p.  617  (1839) ;  id.  Syn.  p.  304  (1839)  ;  Selyg-L.  Fawt. 
Bdg.  p.  147  (1842) ;  Aud.  B.  Amer.  vi.  p.  374,  pi.  409  (1843) ; 
De  Kay,  N.  Y.  Zool.  ii.  p.  331  (1844) ;  Giraud,  B.  Long  I,L  p.  339 
(1844) ;  Deal.  Om.  Eur.  ii.  p.  451  (1849) ;  l&:lat.  P.  Z.  S.  1865, 
p.  618  (Hnkodadi) ;  Sehleg.  Mus.  P.-B.,  Anseree,  p.  22  (1866) ; 
lV3no.iW<«<;A.t/MW.n.  308  (1867);  Palmtn,J.f.  O.  1876,  p.  68 
(PFiDland);  &e6.  Ifiu,  1883,  p.  384  (Archangel)  ;  id.  Hitt.BriL 
B.  iii.  p.  594,  pi.  65  (egg)  (1885) ;  id.  B.  Japan.  Emp.  p.  258 
(1890);  BeknJB.  J.  f.  O.  1890,  p.  84;  Brandt,  J.  f.  O.  1891, 
p.  2l<9. 

Anas  (IlutrioDicus)  hialrionica,  Lei».  Man.  d'Om.  ii.  p.  416  (1828). 

Gofimoneaw  histrionica,  Kaup,  Natiirl.  Si/tt.  p.  46  (1829). 

CoBmoQetta  hietrionica,  Kaup,  Natiirt.  Syit.  p.  190  (1829) ;  Sundeti. 
Metk.  nat.  Av.  ditp.  Tent.  p.  149  (1872) ;  Dreti.  B.  of  Mir.  vL 
pp.  609,  613  (1877) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  627;  Salv.  Cat.  B. 
Striekl  Coll.  p.  538  (1882) ;  B.  O.  U.  Litt  Brit.  B.  p.  132  (1883) ; 
Sound,  in  Yarrelit  Hitt.  BriL  B.  iv.  p.  4fi3  (1884-85) ;  TWvt, 
Zo-Oog.  1887,  p.  70;  Saand.  P.  Z.  S.  1887,  p.  319  (Fame  Isl.)  ; 
Gu/l.  4-  Salvad.  ibid.  p.  591  (Olga  Bay) ;  Salvad.  ^  Gigl.  Mem.  R. 
Ae.  Se.  Tor.  (3)  sxiii.  pp.  119  (Cores),  131  (JKpau)  (1888) ;  Sawtd. 
Ibii,  1881,  p.  184  (Switzerland). 

FuliguU  (Clangnlii]  hietrionica,  Nuti.  Man.  Om,  U.S.  and  Canada, 
u.  p.  448  (1834). 

HaMlda  Mitrionica,  K.  *  B.  WirbfltA.  Ettr.  pp.  Uxivii,  330  (1840) : 
Bp.  Oil.  Met.  Uec.  Eur.  p.  74  (1842) ;  Finseh,  Abh.  Bran.  Ver. 
iii.  p. 67  (Alaska)  (1872);  Taa:.  J!/.  0.  1873,  p.llO,  ie74,p.337, 
1875,  p.  267  (Ussuri)  ;  id.  Om.  Faun.  Volt.  S3>ir.  p.  71  (1877) ; 
id.  BhU.  Soc.  Zool.  JV.  ii.  p.  47  (1877) ;  id.  J.f.  O.  1878,  p.  4SS 
(lloleteia)  ;  id.  Bull.  Soc.  Zoul.  Fr.  viii.  p.  B44  (KamtscbatliB) 
(1883). 


49.    COSHONETTA, 


iyc.  N.  y.  viii.  p.  -jaT  (18W)) ;  Sroicii,  IbU,  18«8,  p.  426  (Van- 
couver I.) ;  Tuntb.  B.  R  Pa.  p.  40  (1808)  ;  Doll  ^  Bann.  Tr. 
Okie.  Ac.  1869,  p.  :!»8   {Yukon,  breeding) ;  Geuld,  B.  af  Great 


Srit.  V.  pi.  32  (1869) ;  Cvuet,  &^  N.  Am.  B.  p.  291  (1872) ;  id. 
(Aeck-lut.a.  610  (ISTB) ;  Ball,  Avif.  Aleut,  lit.  Vnal.  mistw.  p.  5 
(1873);  Jlidffio.  Atm.  Lye.  N.  ¥.  z.  p.  300  (Lake  Michi^] 


I 


H        whitish 


(1874)i     CbuM,    B.   N.-WeA,  p.   578    (1874);     id.   in   EUiot/^g 

Aloik.  Affairs,  p.   191    (1875) ;    Dreii.  B.   of  Eur.  vi.  pi.  442 

(18":) ;  «.««,  BuU.  GtiA.  *  Gcogr.  Sun.  W.  n.  3,  p.  653  (Dakota  & 

Mont»n«)  [isral;  J'rt.'ott,  Monoyr.  Sfai-I»l.  p.  130  (1881). 
BistrioalciiB  torquatue,  a.  minutft,  Sp.   Cotnpt.  Rettd.  xliii.  p.  651 

(IBoU), 
Anas  (llutelda)  histrionica,  Sehrmick,  Rfit.  Amuri.  i.  p.  483  (1660) ; 

Saddr,  Reii.  8.  O.-SUnr.  ii.  p.  374  (1863)  (Biuk&l). 
Buceplialn  (Ilintriouicus)  histrioaica,  G.  R.  Gr.  Hand-titt,  iii,  p.  67, 

n.  10700(1871). 
HialrioDicuB  niiiiutua,  Drea.  B.  of  Eur.  m.  p.  613  (1877) ;  Ctmet, 

Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  y.  p.  101  (1880);  Ridj/a.  Nam.  N.  Am.  B. 

n.  am  (1881)  ;  Couee,  Chrck-ttst,  2ad  ed.  p.  115,  d.  730  (1683) ; 

Steamt,  Pr.  U.S.  Ifal.  Mu».  1883,  p.  li»  (Ubrador)  ;  jtfemom. 

Bull.  NiOt.   Orn.  Ctah,  viii.    p.  220    (1883)     (Newfoundland) ; 

Heltim,  Crime  '  Condn,'  p.  98  (1883) ;  B.,  B.,  ^  R.  Walei-B.  N. 

Am.  ii.  p.  52  (1884)  ;  Coa^n,  Ky  N.  Am.   B.  '2uA  ed.  p.  707 

(1884);  Nehrl.  J.f.  0.  1885.  p.  147  (lUinoi*). 
Bucephala  hialrionica.  Bolau,  J.f  O.  1880,  p.  132  (Afikoid),  1886, 

p.  46. 
Fuligula  (Cosmoncttn)  liistriontca,  Rch-niB.   Orn.  Centratbl.  1882. 

p.  5;  id.  Fog.  cool.  Gart.  p.  47  (1882). 
Adalt  male.  General  pluraage  oF  a  bluish  riate  or  plumbeous 
ooloar,  almost  black  on  the  neck,  rump,  upper  and  under  tidl- 
oorerts  ;  from  the  base  of  the  culmeu  over  the  crown  to  the  occiput 
K  black  band,  margined  anteriorly  with  white,  posteriorly  with 
oheatnut  on  each  Hide ;  at  the  base  of  the  bill  a  broad  patoh  of 
irhite ;  a  spot  on  the  ear-coverts  and  a  band  on  the  aides  of  the 
neck  white ;  round  the  lower  part  of  the  neck  a  white  collar, 
margined  with  black,  incomplete  anteriorly ;  on  the  sides  of  the 
breast  a  crescentic  white  baud,  margined  with  black  anteriorly  and 
posteriorly  ;  a  white  baud  along  the  middle  of  the  scapulars  ;  abdo- 
men greyish  brown;  Hanks  chestnut;  a  white  spot  just  at  the  base 
of  the  under  taU-0OTert«,  on  each  side ;  wings  dark  slaty  grey ; 
seoondaries  dark  metallic  blue,  forming  the  speculum ;  the  inner 
Moondaries  broadly  white,  margined  with  black  on  the  outer  web ; 
a  wbttu  subupioal  baud  at  the  tip  of  the  greater  wing-coverts,  and 
a  few  hidden  while  round  spots  on  the  anterior  median  wing- 
coverts ;  under  wing-coverta  and  axillnries  dusky  grey;  tail  slaty 
black  :  bill  deep  leud-blue,  the  nail  lighter;  iris  dark  brown  ;  legs 
brown,  the  webs  blackish.  Total  length  about  I7'5u  inches,  wing  8, 
toil  4'5,  culmen  1-2,  tarsus  1*35. 

Female.  Upper  parts  dark  brown,  with  an  olivaceous  tinge;  a 
whitish  patch  in  front  and  below  the  eyes  :  another  on  the  ear- 


corerts;  vings  and  tail  blackisli;  underparta  brown,  bat  the  ftdgen 
of  the  feathera  whitish,  prodaoiDg  a  mottled  appearance ;  lower 
flanks  brown-olive;  under  tail-coverts  with  a  rusty  tinge.  Total 
length  about  13'5  inches,  wing  6-75,  tail  3-5,  onlmen  1,  tarsus  1*2. 

Toung  mala  are  slightly  darker  than  female  on  the  upper  parts. 

Mala  in  Jirit  n-aptial  drat  are  mottled  with  white  on  the  chla 
and  throat,  the  belly  is  suffused  with  brown,  and  there  is  scarcely 
any  chestnut  on  the  flanks,  and  the  white  on  the  scapulars  is  very 
restricted. 

Mala  in  numlting  drat  resemble  the  females,  but  show  a  lai^ 
whitish  pat«h  on  the  anterior  part  of  the  sides  of  the  head,  extended 
even  under  the  eyes  ;  there  are  traces  of  the  chestnut  bands  on  the 
sides  of  the  crown  posteriorly;  some  black  feathers  among  the 
brown  of  the  neck,  a  narrow  white  band  on  the  sides  of  the  nape ; 
a  few  white  feathera  edged  with  black  on  the  aides  of  the  breast 
(Mut.  Turin). 

Toung  in  down  have  the  upper  parts  dark  brown  ;  underparta 
white,  but  the  brown  extending  slightly  on  the  breast  and  fianhs, 
a  pair  of  white  spots  on  the  sides  of  the  rump,  and  a  second  pair 
on  the  wings ;  a  whitish  spot  above  and  anteriorly  to  the  eyes ; 
throat  white,  abruptly  defined  firom  the  brown  upper  half  of  the 
head. 

Hob.  Iceland,  accidentally  in  Europe ;  Northern  North  America, 
south  in  winter  to  the  Uiddle  States  and  California ;  North-eastern 
Asia,  south  in  wint«r  to  Japan ;  west  of  Lake  Baikal ;  is  reported  to 
breed  in  the  Ural. 

Furehaaed. 
H.  J.  Elwes,  Esq. 
[P.]. 
^, «.  (^  $  ad.  sk.      Amoorland      {Dr.     Middm-      Seebohm  Coa 


^^^^^^^^^^^^p 

399          ^H 

^^M      «'-  cf  jUT.  sk.           Lickenasset,        Greenland 

Hatgitt  Coll.                        ^^1 

Hume  ColL                           ^^| 

^M     f.  9  nd.  «k.           Labrfldor. 

Gould  Coll.                            ^H 

^H       g\  cf  uL  sk.             Labrador. 

Seebohm  Coll.                        ^H 

^H       A', .-.  d  2  ad.  *.    Bay  of  Fundy,  Nov.  (IT.  £. 

Salvin-Godman  ColL            ^H 

^H        &'.  ^  ad.  Bk.            Hudson's  Ba;. 

Hudson    Bay    Com-             ^^| 

^H        r,  Jiiv.  Bk.               Chief  Mountiun  Lake,  Aug. 

panv  [P.I.                         ^H 
\sl  E:  (^ou^b  [C.l                ^H 
N.America  Boundary             ^^H 

^H        m'.  9  ad.  sk.           4»ch  ParaUel. 

^1       n',  •>'.  (J  £  nd.  sk.    Godbout,  Canada,  April,  May 

Comm.  [P-l                        ^H 
SalTin-Oodman  ColL            ^H 

^H                                        (N.  A.  Conuau). 

^M        «'.  S  ad.  ak.            Ciuitula. 

Govt,  of  Canada  [P.].           ^H 
Salvin-Qodman  Coll            ^H 

jH^        q\  ?  2  ad.  ak.         Maine,  Feb.  {if.  Hardy). 

IE              f', »'.  if  ad.  et  cf     Hancock  Co.,  Maine,  Jan.,  Feb. 

Solvin-Oodman  ColL             ^^1 

jiiT.ek.                     (M.mrd„). 

t.  Skeleton.            GreeoJand. 

M.  MtillerrC.].                       ^H 
M.  I^febWe  [6.].                  ^H 

■If            «',  V.  Sterna.          Europe. 

to'.  Trachea  with  larynx. 

^H 

50.  (EDEHIA. 

_     .Type.                     ^1 
1  . .     (E.  mgm.                    ^^H 

Oidemia,  Fleming,  Phil,  of  Zool.  ii.  p.  260  (1832 

Melanitta,  Soio,  I«s,  1822,  p.  584 

...     (E.  niDTn.                    ^^H 

Ania,  Leaeh   m  Mat.  Brit.,  fide  SUph.  Gen.  Zool.                                           ^^M 

xiL  3,  p,  312  (1824). 

^H 

(1828)    .....^..    .*.. 

...     (E.  fuscaP                     ^H 

HacroTbaropbus    (eubgun.),  Leu.    op.  dl.  p. 

414                                         H 

(1828)    

...     (E.  perspicdlata.            ^H 

CEdemia,  Strick  Ann.  S(  Mag.  N.  if.  vii.  p. 

(1841). 

1 

^H 

p,  149  (1872)  (nomen  emend.  =Melamlta). 

^H 

Bange.  Confined  to  Northern  Hemisphere. 

^H 

and  0.  pert^Uala)  iu  New  England  "  (Auk,  viit.  pp.  279-290,            ^H 

1891).     Tnmbull,  G., "  Our  Seotera  "  (Auk,  is. 

pp.  153-160, 1892).            ^m 

Mnckay.  Q.  H..  •'  The  Spring  Migration  of  the  Scoters  in  1892  "            ^H 

(I.  e.  pp.  292-294). 

^H 

Reij  to  the  Speekt. 

^^k 

a.  Length  of  commissure  much  less  than  inner 

^^H 

loe  without  claw ;  bill  of  adult  male  much 

■wollen  on  top  at  base  ;  wing  without  white 

tpeculum  ((Edeuia). 
<!■.  Nail  of  bill  much  flattened,  scarcely  hooked 

at  tip.     Adult   tnalf.  Bill  black,  with   a 

yellow  or  oranjre  spot  or  band  on  culmen 
U)  front  of  the  basal  knob,  or  even  extended 

^^^^H 

along  the  middle  of  it      AdaU  femaU : 

1 

400  AltATIDX. 

Above  aooij  blown,  beouth  palar ;  bill 
wboUy  duekj,  the  boeal  half  of  tbu  culmen 
level,  or  Bcarcelv  if  at  all  elevated  at  ba«e  .  Mtfpra,  p.  401. 
A*.  Nail  of  tdll  less  natteued,  Bumewb&t  BTcbed, 
and  hooked  at  tip.  Adall  male :  Basal 
half  of  upper  mandible,  including  -whole 
knob,  yellow  or  oTsn^fe ;  r«Bt,  including 
entire  edge,  black.  Aduit  female :  Above 
dutkj  greyish  biown,  the  feathers  of  dorsal 
region    with    paler    tipH  ;     bill     uniform 

blackish    amerkaria,  p.  4 

b.  Length  of  commissure  much  more  than  length 

of  mner  toe  without  claw, 

o*.  Feathering  of  bead  advancing  farther  forward 

on  lores  than  on  forehead ;  wing  with  a 

white  speculum  (Melanetta). 

c".  Loml  feathers  separated  from  nostril  by 

a  space  nearly  or  quite  equal  to  length  of 

nostril.      Adult  mate :    Lower   part   of 

swollen  basal  portion  of  upper  mandible 

OD  udes  unfeathered ;  basal  portion   of 

culmen   elevated,  but  not   forming    an 

abrupt  knob;  plumage  black,iilso  on  the 

flanks.     Adutl  female:  Sooty  greyish,  or 

dudcy  gtevish  brown,  darker  above ;  no 

white  on  need fi^ca,  p.  400. 

~".  Loral  feathering  separated  &om  nostrils 

'  y  a  space  much  narrower  than  length 

f  nostril.    Male  with  swollen  lateral 

_aseof  upper  mandible  entirely  feathered. 

(f".  Lateral  outlines  of  bill  convex ;  knob 

of   the    male   with    anterior    outline 

sloping  backwards;    plumage  black, 

but  flanks  olive-brown    deglandi,  p.  40! 

'.  Lateral  outlinesof  bill  nearly 


S; 


1.  (Edemia  nigra. 

Whilk,  iMter,  PhU.  Trans,  nv.  p.  1160,  n.  4  (1685). 

Anas  nigra,  Briu.  Om.  vi.  p.  420,  pi.  jtiiviii.  f.  2  (1760). 

Anna  niCTB,  Linn.  S.  N.  i.  p.  196,  n.  7  (1766)  i  Gm.  $.  N.  i.  2,  p.  608, 
n.  7  (1786);  Lath.  Ind.  O™.  ii.  p.  848,  n.  43(1700);  Bonn.  Enc. 
MHJx.  i.  p.  130.  pi.  85.  f.  4  (1790);  Tfmm.  Man.  p.  664  (1815) ;  Lrack, 
Cat.  M.  4-  B.  Brit.  Mas.  p.  39  (1816) ;  VieiS.  N.  D.  v,  p,  123 
(1816)  J  Oum.  Biel.  Se.  Nat.  vi.  p.  347  (1817) ;  Tetnm.  Man.  2nd 
ed.  ii.  p.  866  (1820) :  Licht.  Verz.  Doubl.  p.  86  (18^3) ;  Bp.  Speech. 
Comp.  p.  72,  n.  22»  (1827) ;  Leu.  Man.  itOm.  ii.  p.  414  (1828) ; 
id.  tr.  JOrn,  p.  630,  n.  25  (part.)  (1S31) ;  Temm.  Man.  2nd  ed. 
iv.  p.  543  (part,)  (1840) ;  Ekhta.  Famt.  Ca^no-Otuc.  p.  43  (1841): 
SAltg.  Bee.  Crit.  p.  ciTii  (JSi4);  Ifmtm.  rUg.  Deutscht.  wi. 
p.  108,  Tftf.  312  (1844) ;  Middend.  S&ir.  Ret*,  il  p.  236  (Bnga- 
nidn)  (1863);  Martin,  J.f.  0.  18$3,  p.  208:  ffii*.  Thn.  Om.  i. 
p.  358  (1872). 

F  Alma  cinereo,  i 

Gem.  Nat.  Deutichl.  ii.  p.  660,  no.  I6  (1791). 

Hadi  Diver  or  Scoter,  Pimn.  Bril.  ZooL  ii.  p.  684,  n.  273  (1776) ; 
Lath.  Syn.  iii.  2.  p.  480,  n,  36  (1786). 

Macrause,  D'Aubrnt. PI.  Enl. 978  { tf )  (17—  ?) ;  Buff.  Hitt.  Nat.  Oil. 
is.  p.  234.  pi.  16  (1783). 

WeiBsbockenente,  Naum.  Nalurff.  d.  Land-  u.  Wruterv.  iii.  p.  374, 
t.70.  fl'.  91  (2),92((JjuT.K1799>;  Bfehtt.  Taiehfnb.  u.  p.  445 
(Anm.)  (1803),  iv.  p.  5»0  (1812). 

Anas  cineniscens,  Sechtt.  Om.  TascAfnb.  ii.  p,  437  (1803)  ;  id. 
Naturg.  Drultehi.  iv.  p.  1026  (1809)  ;  Temm.  Man.  iTOm.  p.  6S5 
(1815) ;  rieiU.  N.  D.  v.  p,  Ufi  (1816) ;  id.  Em.  Mitk.  i.  p.  358, 
D.  107  (1826)  (rf.  Naum.  Vby.  Deutechl.  xii.  p.  108,  1844). 

Anas  atra.  Patt.  Zoogr.  Souo-At.  ii.  p.  247  (1811)  (Caapian). 

Oidemia  nij^o,  Flem.  Phil,  of  Zaoi.  ii.  p.  260  (1822) ;  Steph.  Oen. 
Zool.  Iii.  3,  p.  213  (1824) ;  JV«n.  BrU.  An.  p.  119  (1S28) ;  Sw. 
CUiu.  B.  ii.  p.  368  (1887) ;  Goh«,  B.  Eur.  t.  pi.  378  (1837);  Bp. 
Cwnp.  Zirf.p, 58, n. 421(1838);  R^B.  Wir6elth.Eii.-.m.ixsiyi, 
228  (1840) ;  Uartl.  Verz.  Oa.  Mm.  p.  120  (1844) ;  G.  R.  Or.  Luit 
B.  Brit.  Mat.  iii.  p.  140  (1844)  ;  Id.  Oen.  B.  iii.  p.  625,  n.  1 
(1844);  Rcha.  San.  Av.,  Natatorea,  t  81.  ff.  141-144  (1846); 
Bli/th,  Cat.  B.  Mta.  A.  8.  B.  p.  307,  n.  1792  (1849) ;  Boll-,  J.f.  O. 
IS-'ifi,  p.  315  (Spain);  Bp.  Compt.  Read,  xliii.  p.  651,  a.  131 
(1856) ;  Loehe.  Oat.  Mamm.  et  Oii.  Afyir.  p.  143  (1858) ;  Povi/*, 
Ibis,  1860,  p.  3'>4  (Ionian  IbI.)  ;  Gould,  B.  of  Grtat  Brit.  v.  pi.  28 
(pL  II,  1862);  Nnrdm.  J.f.  O.  1864,  p.  378  (FinlaDd  and  Up- 
land); De-jl.  S(  Gerhe,  Om.  Eur.  ii  p.  S60  (1867;;  G.  R.  Or. 
Hand-lut,  iii.  p.  89,  n.  10710  (1871)  ;  Salead.  Faun,  d'llal,  Use. 
p.  269  (1872) ;  FriUrh,  J.f.  O.  1872,  p.  372  (Bohemia) ;  Bogdan. 
aHiigeth.  u.  Vdg.  der  m.  u.  unl.  Wolga  (Rum.),  p.  151;  K/id(U, 
Omit  Caucai.  p.  459  (1884)  (Caspian  ¥) ;  Dub.  linm.  Vert.  Belg., 
Oit.  ii.  p.  500,  pi.  270  (1893) ;  CoUett,  Nut  Mag.f.  Naiura.  xxxv. 
p.  294  (1894). 

Helanitta  nigra,  Bote.  Iai»,  1822,  p.  664,  n.  396 ;  Brehm,  Ima,  1830, 
p.  998,  D.  4;  la.  Vog.  lieuUckl.  p,  903  (1831);  Egt.  Mm.  Anat. 
p.  146,  pi.  12.  f.  1  (oemiphaKUS,  proventriculua,  stomach,  and 
trachea),  r.  2  (c»ca)  (1838);  ^.i^.Anat.f.  102(1869). 

Flatvpns  niger,  Brehm.  Lekrh.  Nalurg.  eur.  Vog.  p.  820  (1824)  ; 
'■'-"-  ^  '  "  ""=%  p.  377  1  Bikk,  J.f.  O.  1854,  p,  309. 


liger,  Brel 
,  J.f.  0. 11 


Fnligula  nigra,  part,  Bp.  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hut.  N.  Y.  ii.  p.  880 
(1826);  &r.",f>m.  Toitciii.  p.  127(1831);  P  A««.  Jtton.  ii.  p.42S 
(Coast  of  United  SUtea)  (1834) ;  Begl  Om.  Ear.  ii.  p.  470(1849) ; 
Brandt,  yordl.  Ural,  etc.  ii. -p.  71  (KaraSea)  (1866);  &A6y.3rw. 
P.-S.,  Anseres,  p,  18  (IStW);  Palmitt,  J./.  O.  1876,  p.  57 
{Finland} ;  Seeb.  Hilt.  Brit.  B.  iii.  p.  602,  pt  OS  (egg)  (1886) : 
Brandt,  J./.  O.  1880,  p.  249  (St  Petersburg). 

Uelaoitta  Qigripes,  Brehm,  liu,  1630,  p.  998,  n.  1 ;  tJ.  Fog.  DeuttcH. 
p.  901  (1831). 

Uelanitta  megauroa,  Brekm,  Ita,  1830,  p.  998,  n.  2;  id.  Fog. 
DniUda.  p.  902  (1831). 

Melmiitta  gibbers,  Srtkm,  Isis,  1830,  p.  098,  □.  3  ;  id.  Vbg.  DaatdU. 
p.  902  (1831). 

<Edemia  nigra,  Bp.  Cat.  Mel.  Uec.  Eur.  p.  73,  n.  448  (1842); 
Xirft.  Nommci.  Av.  p.  103  (1854) ;  Brehm,  Vogetf.  p.  383  {18.56) ; 
More,  Ibi»,  1805,  p.  M5  (breeding  in  Scotland) ;  Godm.  Ibit.  Ie66, 
p,  102  (Azores ■[*);  Ztrogi*,  J!/.  O.  1866,  p.  390  (Borkum) ;  Triilr. 
xbit,  1868,  p.  328  (Paleatine  ?) ;  Smith,  ibid.  p.  456  (Portugal); 
Gadm.  Nat.  Hid.  Azora,  p.  37  (1870) ;  ?GiUdt,  Ibis,  1870,  p.  308 
(Novaya  Zemlya  P) ;  Elw.  \  Buckl.  Aid.  p.  340  (Albsnia) ;  Saund. 
Ibit,  I87I,  p.  397  (S.  Spain);  Hetu/l.  Ibii,  18T2,  p.  64  (Nova 
Zranlia  and  Wajgatsch) ;  id.  J.f.  0.  187a,  p.  123 ;  Sujidfo.  Meth. 
nat.  Av.  digp.  Tent.  p.  149  (1872)  ;  AUt.  ^  H.-Brtmm,  Ibit,  1873, 
p.  71 ;  Irby,  Om.  Sir.  Oibr.  p.  206  (1876) ;  Serf.  ^  H.-Broum, 
IbJi,  1876,  p.  447  (Lower  PetAora) ;  Bbmf.  East.  Pert.  ii.  p.  303 
(1876) ;  Drets.  B.  of  Ew.  vi,  p.  663,  pL  449  (1877) ;  Finsch,  Ibit, 
1877,  pp  68,69,61;  Seeb.  Ibis.  1879,  p.  160  (Siberia);  J"inic*, 
Vtrh.  z.-b.  Ga.  Wien,  1879,  p.  153  (W.  Siberia) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S. 
1880,  p.  628;  G^l.  Ibis,  1881,  p.  215  (Italy);  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S. 
1882,  p.  184  (P) ;  Seeb.  Ibis,  1882,  p.  229  (Astrakhan) ;  Sate.  Cat. 
B.  StridcL  Coll.  p.  540  (part.)  (1882);  Seeb.  Ibis,  1883,  p.  35 
(Caspian  P)  i  Irby,  ibid.  p.  189  f  Santander)  ;  B.  O.  V.  Hal  Brit. 
£.  p.  136  (18S3);  &/n(.  iMf  I  W(.  ^n.  Htb  .il.  p.  441  (1883); 
'■■  I.  IbU,  1884,  p.  70  (Ouadalquivir) ;  ?  Tristr.  Frnai.  if  Flor. 
>.  lie  (1884) ;  B.,  B..  i  R.   Water-B.  N.  Am.  i 


Adult  female.  Entire  plumage  velvety  black,  with  u  dark  purplo 
glosK  OD  bead  and  neck  aad  a  ^eeniah  one  on  the  back ;  nuderparts 
rather  duller,  with  a  brownish  tinge ;  biU  black,  except  a  yellow 
patch  on  the  culmen  round  the  noatrilfi,  the  base  Bwollen  into  a 
roundish  bulb ;  iris  dark  brown :  legs  and  £eet  brownish  black, 
darkest  on  the  webs.  Total  lengti  about  20  inches,  wing  9'5,  tail 
6%  culmen  19,  tardus  lo. 

naU.  Dark  brown,  paler  below,  the  feathers  with  lighter 
edges  :  sides  of  the  head  and  of  the  upper  part  of  the  neck  and  throat 
dull  grey,  with  a  brownish  tinge  ;  bill  without  the  bulb  at  the  base, 
only  slightly  swollen  towards  thu  base  of  Iho  upper  mandible,  dull 
black  in  colour. 

Ttmng.  Resembles  the  female,  but  it  is  duller  and  rather  more 
nniform  in  colour,  and  much  more  white  on  the  abdomen. 

A  ;/otiny  male  resembles  the  female,  but  lias  many  black  feathers. 

SlaltB  in  moulting-dress  nrs  unknown. 

Tomu/  in  down  are  unspotted  dark  brown  on  the  upper  parts  and 
■cross  the  breast;  throat  white  ;  belly  greyish  brown  ;  bill  blackish 
jilumbeous ;  legs  olivaceous. 

tfa6.  Northern  parts  of  the  Paleearctic  Region,  cast  to  the  Taimyr 
Peninsula  ;  winters  in  the  Baltic  and  on  the  coasts  of  W»eteni 
Europe,  occasionally  straying  aa  far  aonth  as  the  Azores  and  the 
Mediterranean. 


$  ad.  St. 

1  dad.ak. 

5  juT.  flk, 

dad.  8k. 


(ireat  Britain, 
r^ndon  Market,  Feb. 
Aberdeenshire    ( W.      C. 

Ai^iu). 
Otuthness,  June. 

Holkham    Bay,  Norfolk, 


Somenetshire, 

Somersetehire. 

KintTEbury  Reservoir. 
Cambridge  Market,  Feb., 

Nov, 
Devonshire,  Jan. 
Fowey,  Cornwall,  Aug. 
Southampton  Water,  Jan. 
Ih-thp,  Ni>v. 
Tiingier. 

Tangier  (Olcem). 
Tunis. 
Archangel. 

Tetchora, 


Purchased. 

Seebohm  Coll. 

H.  J.  Elwes,  Esq.  [P.]. 

Colonel  Irby  Koi  Cspt, 

Beid  [P.]. 
Capt.  Feilden  [P,], 

H.  J.  Elwes,  ] 

Bev.  A.  Morgan  [P.]. 
Hon.     W.     C.     Fit«- 

maorice[P.]. 
Montagu  Coll. 


io^Si 


i 


E.  Reynolds,  Esq.  [P.' 
Dr.  Giinther  [P.]. 
R.  E.  Colea,  Esq.  [P. 
H.  J.  Elwea,  Esq.  " 

F.  J,  Favier,  Esq. 
Shelley  Coll. 
L.  Fraserf  C], 
R.    B.    Sharpe, 

[P.]. 
Seebohm  Coll. 
2d2 


ASATIDA. 


!,  a'.    (J  juT.  et  Fetchora  River.                     Colonel  Feildoi  [P.l 

pull.Bk. 

V.  c-.    2    aa.  et  Schtochnlaclij*,    W.    Si-      Dr.  0.  FiiiBch  [C.]. 

pull.  ME.  beria,  July. 


2.  (Edemia  americana. 

Anu  nisra,  WiU.  (nee  Linn.)  Amrr.  Om.  viii.  p^  135,  pi.  73  (1814) ; 
Bp.  Spteck.  Comp.  p,  72,  n.  249  (1827);  Ttmm.  Man.  rfOm. 
2nd  Bd.  IT.  p.  643  (purt.,  Japan)  (1840). 

Ansa  (FuligiJa)  nigra,  Bp.  Oi*.  Nomencl.  WiU.  n.  267  (1826). 

FulifiTila  nigra,  part.,  Bp.  Aim.  Lye.  Nat.  Hut.  N.  Y.  ii.  p.  390 
(1826)  i  id.  Syn.  p.  390  (1828). 

Petite  MacreuBe,i:<M.  Tr.  d'Om.  p.  630,  n.  26  (1831)  (Newfound- 
land) ;  Pucker.  See.  et  Mag.  de  Zool.  1860,  p.  6»5  (=<£.  ameri- 
cana) ;  Hartt.  J./.  O.  1856,  p.  420. 

Oidemia  americana,  Sa.  ^  Bich.  Faun.  Bor.-Am.  ii.  p.  4oO  (1831); 
Bp.  Camp.  Lint,  p.  68,  n.  386  (1838) ;  G.  B.  Gr.  Liit  B.  Brit. 
Mut.  iii.  p.  140  (1844);  id.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  626,  n,  2  (1844); 
Behrd).  Syn.  At.,  NatatoreB,  t.  81.  f.  140  (1846) ;  Bp.  Compt.  Rend. 
xixviii.  p.  664  (Not.  CoU.  Delattre,  p.  944)  (1654) ;  id.  Compt. 
Rend.  xBi.  p.  061 ,  n.  132  (1856) ;  Nejd,.  P.  R.  R.  Bep.  vi.  p.  1(M 
(1867) ;  Baird,  B.  N.  Am.  p.  807  (1868) ;  id.  Cat.  N.  Am.  B. 
n.  604  (1869) ;  Murr.  Edinb.  N.  Phil.  Joum.  1859,  p.  231 ;  Coop. 
^  Suckl  N.  B.  Wash.  Terr.  p.  203  (1860) ;  Verr.  A.  £m.  Intr. 
iii.  p.  169(1862):  Blakiit,  Ibis,  1863,  p.  149  (Hudson's  Bar); 
Lawr.  Ann.  Lye.   N.  Y.   viii.  p.  297  (1866) ;  Degl  ^  Oerbe,  fti. 


2  (obaerv.)  (1867)  ;  Ball  ^  Batm.  Tr.  Chic.  Ac.  Se.  i- 
p^  300  (1869) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Hand-Uit,  iii.  p.  89,  n.  10711  (1871) ; 
Too.  Bull.  Soc.  Zool.  Fr.  viii.  p.  344  (Eamtschatka)  (1683); 
Ndtrl  J.f.  O.  1886,  p.  148  (lUiiiois) ;  Stem.  BuU.  U.S.  Nat.  Miu. 
no.  29,  p.  174  (Commander  IbI.)  (1886) ;  Turner,  Cbntr.  N.  H.  of 
Alaxkn,  p.  137  ( 188(i) ;  A.  O.  U.  Check4i»t  N.  Am.  B.  p.  133, 
I.  lOa  (1886)  ;  Jrrfyio.   Mm.  N.  Am.  B.  p.   Ill,  n.   163(1887): 


50.  (EDEKU.  405 


Ibig,  1873,  p.  367  (Aleutian  Iri.) ;  DaU,  Am/.  AleuL  Id.  Phai 
easta.  p.  6  (1873) ;  Cou-ji,  B.  N.-  Wt*t,  p.  581  ( 1874)  i  Dreu.  B.  of 
Eur.  ¥1.  p,  687  (1877)  i  Blakid.  ^  Pryer,  lint,  1878,  p.  216 
(Japan);  Adanu,  ibid.  p.  433  (Micholaski) ;  Sttb.  Ibi»,  1879, 
p.  23  (Hakodate) ;  BUikitt.  ^  Pryer,  Tr.  As.  Soc.  Jap.  riii,  p.  187 
(ISSO);  Selal.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  529;  Ridow.  Norn.  If.  Am.  B. 
0.030(1881);  G>ue»,  OtecMitt,  2od  ed.  p.  116,  n.  737(1882); 
BhiUl.  *  Pryer,  Tr.  Ai.  Soe.  Jap.  x.  p.  100  (1882)  (Kurile  Isi, 
breeding) ;  SUarm.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Miu.  1883,  p.  121  (Labrador)  j 
Nfb^,  Cruae  •  Cbnom,'  p.  102  (1883) ;  BiafcU.  Amend.  Litt  B. 
Jap.  p.  9  (1884)  :  B.,  B.,  ^  R.  Water-B.  N.  Am.  ii.  p.  89  (1884) ; 
Couf»,  Key  N.  Am.  B.  2nd  ed.  p.  713,  n.  737  (1884) ;  Savnd. 
TarreiTt  Silt.  BrU.  B.  iv.  p.  474  (1884-86);  Tamtr,  Atik,  1885, 
p.  158  (Nearer  lal,  Alaska) ;  Mattehie  *  Ziemer,  J.  f.  0.  1885, 
p.  192 ;  Salvad.  ^  Oigi.  Mem.  R.  Ac.  Se.  Tor.  (2)  uuix.  p.  131 
(^Yamada,  Japan)  (1888) ;  Trialr.  Cat.  CoU.  B.  p.  47  (1888). 

(Edemia  nigra,  part.,  Swinh.  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  324  (Japan) ;  Sak. 
Cat.  B.  Strickl.  Coll.  p.  540  (™ecim.  a,  PennBylvania)  (1882). 

[CKdemUl  minor,  Leu.  tide  G.  R.  Or.  Hand-list,  iii,  p.  89  (in  mm. 
0.ainericanai)(1871). 

Anas  wiUoni,  GiA.  Thes.  Orn.  i.  p.  365  (1672). 

Uixlemia  nigra,  vnr,  ameriuaoa,  Rldgw.  Anm.  Lye.  y.  T.  s.  p.  390 
(1874)  (Lake  Mjcbigau) ;  Dub.  Faun.  Vert.  Belg.,  Oi».  ii.  p.  fiOO 
(1892). 

Fo^gula  ((Edamift)  americana,  RcAmo.  Om.  Ctnlralbl.  1882,  p.  17. 

FuliguJa  nigra  americana,  Sab.  Jlisl.  Brit.  B.  iu.  p.  602  (1885). 

Similar  to  (E,  niijra,  but  nail  of  bill  distinctly  arched  and  deddedly 
liookod  at  the  tip. 

Adult  malt.  Similar  to  the  male  of  (E.  nipnif  but  basal  half  of 
iqtper  maudible,  including  whole  of  kuob,  "  light  yellow  or  canary- 
jeUow,  riolily  dyed  at  the  sides  with  scarlet  vermilion,  deeply  at 
and  near  the  uostrils,  and  lightly  towards  the  base ;  irides  deep 
brown ;  feet  dark  brown,  shaded  with  black,  webs  black"  (TVum- 
hdt).  Total  length  17-21-50  inches,  wing  8-75-9-50,  culmen 
1-65-1-80,  tarsus  1-65-2-OU. 

Female.  Above  dusky  greyish  brown ;  the  feathers  of  the  back 
with  paler  tips ;  lower  parts  paler  greyish  brown,  the  lighter  tips 
Itroader  bat  wunting  on  the  posterior  portions ;  lateral  and  under- 
parta  of  head  nearly  uniform  light  greyish  browri,  in  decided 
contrast  with  dark  brown  of  pileum  and  nape  (Au^wai/) :  "bill 
llhuik  or  blackish,  irregularly  marked  with  yellow;  feet  warm  olive- 
lirown,  shaded  with  black  on  the  inner  aide ;  webs  black"  (T'rum- 
Jufl). 

Youiui  in  aatninn.  Eesembles  the  fetoalo,  but  light  part  of  head 
considerably  lighter ;  throat,  pale  buff  or  dull  whitish ;  lower  surface 
of  the  body  very  pale,  approaching  whitish,  and  faintly  spotted 
with  the  brown  or  greyish  brown  of  the  fore  breast  and  posterior 
legion ;  bill  greyish  black  {Trumball). 

Young  in  down.  Apparently  indistinguishable  from  the  same 
tage  of  (E.  nigra. 

Bah.  North  America  and  North-eastern  Asia  ;  in  America 
"breeding  in  the  north,  in  winter  migrating  south  to  New  Jersey,  the 


Great  LakM,  and  CalifomiB ;  in  Asia  breeding  in  the  Eoriles,  in 
winter  sonth  to  Japan. 

a~4.  d  $  ad.  et  N.  America.  HudsoD's   Bay   Co. 

inun,  ak.  et«L  [P.]. 

*.  <J  ad.  ak.  Eepulae  Bay.  Dr.  J.  Rae  [P.J. 

^.  <f  ad.  ak.  Nova  Scotia.  Capt.  Blakiaton  rP.]. 

0,  A,  1.  <;  $  ad.  Lvon'H  Fall^,  New  York,  Sept.  Salvin-Oodman  CoIL 
A.                         iA.  J.  Dmatt). 

k.  (}  juT.  ak.         Biauford,    Connectieut,    Nor.     Salriu-Godnian  Coll. 
(A.  J.  Dayan). 

1.  Jut.  ak.  Chicago,  niinoia  (S.  W.  Sen-    Salvin-Godnian  Coll. 

m-v.    cf  $  ad.,     St.    Michael's,    Alaska,    June,    SalTin-Godman  CoU. 

juv.,et  pull.  ak.       Aug.,  Sept.,Oct.(£.  W.  Jfelum). 
v>,x.  cf  $  ad.  ^    Aleutian  Ib.  ( Vomtseiukt/).  Seebohm  CoU. 

y,  (.  (f  ad.  sk.       Hokodadi,  Jaran,  Feb.,  March    Seebohm  CoIL 

(Henton  ^  Bidkuton). 
a',  b'.  J  $  ad.  ak.    Yokohama,  Japan  (IT.  Pryer).     Seebohm  CoU. 

3.  (Edemia  fusca. 
Velvet  Scoter. 

Anaa  nigra  major,  Britt.  Orn.  vi.  p.  423  (1760). 
Anaa  fusca,  Lxnn.  S.  N.  i.  p.  196,  n.  6  (1766) ;  Gm.  8.  N.  i.  3,  p.  507, 

n.  e  (1788) ;  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  848,  q.  44  (1790) ;  Bonn.  Bne. 

JIfflA.  i.p.  140,  pi.  36.  f.  lC(J),pl  31.  f.  4  (2)  (1790);  Lath.  TV. 

Lmn.  Soe.  iv.  p.  119,  t.  xt.  S.  3-7  (tnchea)  (1798) ;   Tenm.  Man. 

(fOrn.  p.d62(1616);   VieiU.  N.  D.  n.  f.  124(1816);  Dum.  Diet. 

Sc.  Nat.  Ti.  p.  348  (1817) ;   Temm.  Man,  d'Om.  2nd  ed.  ii.  p.  854 

(1820) ;  Bp.  ^toch.  Comp.  p.  72,  d.  228  (1827) ;  Leal.  Man.  kOrn. 

ii.  p.  414  (1828) ;   Ym-r.  Tr.  Linn.  Soc.  ivi.  2,  p.  321,  pL  xxi.  fi.  2,  S 

(trachea)  (1830);  Len.  Tr.  d'Om.  p.  630(1831);  Temm.  Man. 

<rOni.iv.p.64;)(1840);  &vt;w.£fG.  6Vit.p.cxTii(1844);  Naum. 


50.    (EDEUA. 


407 


Lid  B.  BrU.  Mm.  iii.  p.  141  (part)  (1844);  id.  Otn.  B.  iii. 
p.  623,  n.  S  (1644)  ;  Rchob.  ^/«.  Av.,  Natatores,  t.  81. 
ff.  137-139  (184S);  id.  Av.  Svit.  Nat.  p.  viii,  t.  riii.  (1852); 
BolU,  J./.  O.  1855,  p.  315  (Spain) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1660,  p.  442 
(Zoiil.  Gard.) ;  Nordm.  J.  f.  O.  11564,  p.  378  (Finland  uid  Lap- 
Uud) ;  Satead.  J.f.  0.  1866,  p.  326  (Slirdinia) ;  Df  /H.  Viaffi/io 
in  Pn-i.  p.  ai2  (1865)  (Lake  Gotbaha) ;  Gould,  B.  Great  Brit. 
T.  pi,  29  (1867);  Degl.  $  Gerbr,  Oni.  £w.  u.  p.  562  (1867); 
CW&«,  Horff.  Fagk.  p.  67  (1868) ;  Miilla;  J.f.  O.  1869,  p.  347 
(Furoe) ;  DroiU,  Vogtlvi.  Sorkum'i,  p.  309  (1869) ;  Coltett,  Om. 
Bemarkn.  1%1\,  p,  217;  Mew,  (Efi>.  K.  f'ft.-Ak.  FSrh.  1871, 
p.  783  (ArchftngBl) ;  Salead.  Faun,  d'ltal.,  Ucc.  p.  369  (1872) ; 
Fi-UtcA,  J.f.  O.  1872,  p.  372  (Bohemifi);  Fi»eher,  J.f.  O.  1873, 
p.  890  (St.  Petoreburg);  ffmgl.  On.  If.O.-A/r.  ii.  2,  p.  1347 
(1873);  DeFii.J.f.0.  1876,  p.  189  (Lake  Gotksha);  Beinh.  Fid. 
Med.  Xat.  For.  Kjobuni.  1879-80,  p.  7  (3.  Oreeoland)  ;  Sadde, 
Omig  Caaeoi.  p.  459  (1884);  Haiiert,  Eat.  ViigeUammL  p.  233 
(1891);  CiUett,  Mindre  Medd.   vedr.   Norge»  FigUf.  1881-92, 


Melimitta  fiuca,  Boie,  Int.  1822,  p.  584,  n.  3 
Iti».  1830,  p.  998 ;  i^.  Viig.  DeuUehl.  p.  ' 


,1826,p.980iJr«Ani, 
U,  p.  998 ;  \d.  fog.  DeuUehl  p.  905  (1831)  ;  F^t.  Mm. 

Anat.  p.  147  (part.),  pi.  i.  f.  2  (trachea)  (ia?8) ;  id.  Syn.  Anal. 

p.  104(1869);  G.  R.  Gr.JIand-iia,  iii.  p.  89,  n.   10714(1871); 

Oarrod,  P.  Z.  S.  1875,  p.  164  (trachea),  1878,  p.  479. 
Platypus  fuacufl,  BreAm,  Lehrb.  Naturg.  eitr.  Vag.  ii.  p.  822  (1834) ; 

Schilling,  J.f.  0.  1863,  p.  378 ;  Si:hia,  J.f.  0.  1861,  p.  239. 
Fuligula  fiucB,  port.,   Bp.  Ann.  Luc.  N.  1^  ii.  p.  390  (183C)  ;  id. 

^n.  p.  300  (part.)  (1828);  Savi,   Om.   Tote.   iii.   p.   128  (1831); 

Bp.  Im,  1832,  p.  U88  (part.,  Italy);  Degl.  Om.  Eur.  ii.  p.  472 

(1849) ;  Suhleg.  Mia.  P.-B.,  Aoietes,  p.  16  (part.)  (1866)  j  Senerts. 

Turkeit.  JeBotn.  -p.  70  (1870);  Palmin,  J.f.  0.  1876,   p.  68  (Fin- 
land) ;  Brandt,  J.  f.  O.   1880,  _p.  249  (St.  Petersbuin) ;  Seeb. 

Bid.  Brit.  B.  iii.  p.  60G{part.),  pr.65  (egg)  (1885) ;  id.  B.  Japan. 

Emp.  p.  250  (part.),  %.  p.  2-51  (head)  (1890). 
Melamtta  homschuchii.  Brehm,  his,  1830,  p.  998,  n.   1 ;  id.  Vog. 

/tntfi'M.  p.  904(1831). 
Uelaoiita  megapus,  Brehm,  his,  1830,  p.  998,  n.  3 ;  id.  Fog.  DeuUehl. 

p.  906  (1831), 
Melanitu  pUtyrhynchos,  Brehm,  Itit,  1830,  p.  998,  n.  4  j  «.   VSg. 

Deut-M.  p,'e07  (1831). 
UelnnetM  (uses,  Bp.  lam.  Amf.  Ital.,  Uce.  Introd.p.  17(1841);  id. 

Compt.  Send,  iliii.  p.  661,  n.  129  (1856);  LocAe.   Cat.  M.  et  O. 

Algir.  p,  143  (1868)  ;  B.,  B.,  ^  R.   WaUr-B.  N.  Am.   U.  pp.  93, 

97  (pan.)  (1884). 
(Edamia  fusca,  Bp.  Cat.  Met.  Uee.  Eur.  p.  73,  n.  447  (1842) ;  Jtapp. 

Sgtt.  Ueberi.jp.  138,  n.  600  (1845)  (EWpt);  Rep.   Caune.  Z.   R. 

1863.  p.  16  (Zool.  Card.) ;  Ucht.   Nomend.  Ae.   p,   103   (1851) ; 

Botif,  J.f.  O.  1855,  p.  315  {Spain);  Htugl.  mtt.   Ueb.  p.  07 

(1856) ;  Droite,  J.f.  0.  1866,  p.  391  (Borkum) ;  ?  Toffl.  J.  f.  O. 

i870,p.3l2(Daun»);   Ooebel,  J.f.  O.  1871,  p.  25  (N.  RuBsla) ; 

Hfffl.  Ibis,  1872,  p.  64;  id.  J.f.  O.  1872,  p.  123  (Noraja  Semlis 

u.  WigalMh) :  Shell.  B.  of  Egypt,  p.  202  (1872) :  Ai<t.  *  M.-Brown. 

JAM,   1873,    p.    71 :   Brooke,  ibid.  p.  345   (Sardinia) ;    Dattf.   ^ 

H.-Brown,  Ibii,  1875,  p.  428  (TtanBylvania) ;    Dreu.  Ibi*.  1876, 

p^  420;  Seeb.  *  S.-Broum,  Ibii,  1876,  p,  448  (Lower  Petchora) ; 

Btmf.  Batt.  Pen.  iL  p.  303  (1876) ;  Dresf.  B.  of  Eur.  \i.  p.  657, 


pL  448  (1877) ;  Tiiuch,  IbtM,  1877,  pp.  58,  50,  61 ;  id.   rerh.  =.-6. 

Oet.  Wien,  1879,  p.  153  (W.  Siberia) ;  Setb.  IbU,  1880,  p.  194 

{ Yen-e-Mi) ;  Selat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  529 ;  Gigl.  Ibi»,  1881,  p.  216 

(Jtftl;);   Sah.   Cat.  B.  StricM.   Coll.   p.  540  (1682)1  StA.  Ibit, 

1882,  p.  229  (ABtrakan),  18^3,  p.  189  (Caspian  P)  j  Irby,  ibid. 

p.  189  (Saataoder) ;  R  O.  U.  Lit!  Brit.  B.  p.  136  (1863) ;  Sound. 

m  rairetr»  Hi»t.  Brit.  B.  iv.  p.  476  (1684-85) ;  Salted.  El.  Uee. 

Ital.  p.  267  (1886) ;  Trittr.  Cat.  CoU.  B.  p.  47  (1889) ;  BchKK. 

J.f.  O.  1800,  pp.  83,  84 ;  Skarpe,   Oat.   Otteol.  Spftam.  R.  C.  S. 

u[.  p.  308   (laSl);   LUford,   Cot.  Fig.  Brit.   B.  pt  nil  pL  — 

(1892). 
CEdemia  hornechuchii,  Brehm,  VogeU.  p.  388  (1865)  j  id.  Aoumannia, 

1856,  p.  299. 
<Edpmia  ineirapiui,  Brehm,  Vogelf.  p.  383  (1866) ;  id.  A'aumanma, 

1866,  p.  299. 
<Edemia  plamhjDcbos,  Brehm,    Vogelf.  p.  384  (1865) ;  id.  Nau- 

mamia,  1865,  p.  299. 
FuliRula  (<Edeii]ia)  fueca,  Jtchnm.  Orn.  CaUraibl.  1882,  p.  17 ;  id 

Voff.  tool.  Gdrt.  p.  48  (1883). 
Melanonetta  fusca,  Heine  ^  Bcinio.  Nomend.  Mu».  Ilein.  Orn.  p.  349 

(1890). 

Hybrid. 

(EdamiB  fiiscaxClanguU  Klaucion,  Leverk.  J.  f.  O.  1890,  pp.  222, 
223. 

Adtdt  malt.  Geoeral  plumage  uniform  Telvet-btack ;  eyelids 
and  a  small  patch  under  each  eje  white ;  BecoDdarieB  and  tipe 
of  the  greater  wing-coTerta  white,  forming  a  conspicuous  band 
acroea  the  wing !  beak  pale  orange,  baaed  and  edged  with  black,  a 
diagonal  line  of  the  same  black  colour  running  from  each  noetril  to 
the  uail  of  the  beak ;  iridea  chalk-white  ;  legs  and  toes  dull  orimson- 
red,  mcmbraneB  nearlj'  binds.     Totiil  length  22  inches,  wing  ll-2(i. 


n.  (J  ad.  Bk. 
*.  cf  juv.  8t 
c,d,e.  (Jaietjuv. 

/,S.  d  ad.  St. 

A.  Juv.  at 

i.  PuU.  Hk. 

F*.  $  ad.  sk. 

P  J  Hd.  .^. 

Pk  Skeleton. 

'  n,  o,p.  Sterna 'with 

snouldeivgirdlBs. 
g.  Trachea      with 

larjM. 


Orkaeys.  H.  J.  Elwes,  Esq 

Great  Britain.  Piirchaaed. 

St.     Audraws,     Fifeahire,  Tweeddale  Coll, 
Jan.  (-fi.  G.  W.  R.). 


Abbeville,  Franc«. 
Volga. 
SchlachutachjajW.  Siberia, 

July. 
?N.  America. 


Purchased. 

M.  BaiUon  [C.]. 

Gould  Coll. 

I>r.  O.  Finsch  [C,]. 

Hudson's  Bsj  Co. 

Zool.  Soc. 

M.  Lefebrre'fl  ColL 


4.  (Edemia  deg^landi. 


i.p.  137,  pi.  73  (1814) ; 


Anas  fusca.   Wilt,  (jtrc  Linn.)  Am.  Orn. 

Bp.  Speah.  Comp.  p.  72,  n.  348  (1827);  Leu.   Tr.  d'Om.  p. 

(part.)  (1831) :  Gieb.  The*.  Orn.  i.  p.  352  (part.)  (1872). 
Anas  (Fuligula)  fiisca,  Bp.  Obi.  Nomencl.  Wilton,  u.  266  ( 
Fuligula  fuaea,  port.,  Bp.  Ann.  Ijye.  N.  Y.  ii.  p.  300(1826; 

5^.  p.  390  (1828);  id.  Ina,   1832,  p.  llf" 

Biogr.  iii.  p.  4&4,  pi.  247  (1836) ;  id.  Syn. 

Am.  vi.  p.  332,  pi.  401   (1843) ;  IhKuv, 

).  328  (18«)  (   Wied,  J. /.   O. 


. .  '^ 
i  (part) ;  Aud.  Orn. 
,  pi.  247  (1836)  ;  Mf.  *>»,  p.  2!SI  (1839);  id.  B. 
.  yi.  o.  332,  pi.  401   (1843) ;  IhKuv,  JV.  F.   Zool.  ii.  p.  337 
(1844);  Gir.  B.  Long  hi.  p.  328  (l&M);   Wi, 
p.  178  i  Sehlfg.  Mm.  P.-S.,  Anseres,  p.  17  (port.)  (1866). 
LHdeoia  fiisca,  Sw.  ijr  Sich.  (nee    ' "      -   "         -         ■       " 
(1831) ;  Bp.  Comp.  Litt,  p.  57,  i 

i!  617  (1972). 

Fuligula  (Oidemia)  fusca.  JVutt.  Man.  ii.  p.  419  (1834). 
Melaoitta  fusca.  part.,  Ei/t.  Man.  Anai.  p.  147  (1838). 
Fuligula  bimaculaia,  Herbert,  Field  Sportt,  2nd  ed.  ii.  p.  366,  with 

fig-  (immature)  (^1848). 
Double  Macreuse  d'Ani^riqne,  Degl.  Orn.  Eur.  ii.  p.  474  (1849). 
Oidemia  deglandi,  Bp.  Rn\  Crit.  p.  108  (1850);  id.  Compl.  Bend. 

niviii.  p.  604  (AW.   CoO.  DdaUre,  p.  94)  (part.)  (1854) ;  Df^l. 

5-  Gerbe.  Oiti.  Eur.  ii.  p.  8C3  (1867) ;  A.  O.  U.  Ckech-liit  N.  An. 

B.  p.  124,  n.  im  (1886) ;  flirfjro.  Man.  JV.  Am.  B.  p.  112  (1887) ; 

Mackag,  Auk,  ISOl,  p.  27a ;   TntmbuU.  Auk,  1892.  pp.  157-160; 

Mackay,  ibid.  p.  305;  Hatch.  B.  of  Minna,  f. 70  (1892). 
Wdemia  velvetino,   Ca*r.  Pr.  Acad.  PIdlad,  v,  p.  126  (Doc.   1850) 

{Atl.  roast  uf  N.  Am.). 
Melanetta  deirlondi,  Bp.  Compl.  Bend,  xliii.  p.  ^51,  n.  130  (1866). 
Melanetta  velvetias,  Baird,  B.  N.  Am.  p.  806  (1858) ;  id.  Cat.  N. 

Am.  B.  n  601  (1859)  ;  Coop.  *  Sucki.  X  H.  Wash.  Terr,  p,  269 

(1860) ;    Wheat.  Ohio  Agrie.  Ra>.   do.  268  (18W)   (Uke  Erie) 
"       ■      ■    ■^hiiaJ.  18"*         —     -         -        -    -- 


I,  iV.  Acad.  Phila. 


t,  Oanad.  Nalur.  i 


(1862);  Fm-. />.£».. /nrf.  iii. p.  153(1862);  Boardm.  Pr.Bott. 
Sao.  U.  p.  130  (1802) ;  Blakid.  Ibis,  1863,  p.  149  (part.,  Brit.  N. 
America);  Lawr.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  viii.  p.  297  (1866) ;  Brovnt, 
Ibit,  1868,  p.  426  (Vancouver  Isl.) ;  Oaua,  Pr.  Eit.  Inst.  v.  p.  SCO 
(1608)  i  ttf.  Pr.  £oH.  Soc.  N.  O.  xii.  p.  126  (1868) ;  Sidgw.  Am. 


i«e.jr.  F.x.p.300(1874)(La]ieMii;liigan};  Eidgv).Nom.N.Ani. 

B.  n.  633  (1881) ;  Steams,  Fr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mm.  1883,  p.  121 

(Labrador) ;  B.,  B.,  ^  S.    Water-B.   N.  Am.  ii.  p.  93  (1884); 

Nehrl.  J.f.  O.  1885,  p.  148  (Illinoia). 
CKdemia  (Pelionetta)  bunaculaU,  Saird,  B.  JV.  Am.  p.  808  (1868). 
Melsnitto  deglfuidii,  put.,  O.  S.  Or.  Hand-litC,  iii.  u.  SU,  n.  10715 

(1871). 
(Edemia  fused,  var.  (P),  Couei,   Key,  p.  294  (1872) ;  ut.  ChmskJut, 

no.  617  (1873) ;  id.  B.  S.-West,  p.  581  (1874). 
CEdemia  fuses,  b.  volvetina,  Coue$,  B.  N.-Wat,  p.  682  (1874). 
CEdemia  TslvetinB,  Sciat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  629. 
(Edemia  fusca,  Couei  (nee  Linn.),   Ckeckriitt,  2nd  ed.  p.  116,  n.  738 

(1882) :  id.  Key  N.  Am.  B.  p.  714,  d.  738  (1884). 
Fuligula  (Oikieiiiia)  velvetina,  Schnw.  Om.  Centralbl.  1882,  p.  17. 
Fullgula  fusca  velTetica,  &^.  Hut.  Brit.  B.  iii.  p.  006  (1885) ;  id. 

B.  Jap.  Emp.  p.  261  (tig.  of  the  head)  (1890). 

Adult  male,  Bimilar  to  (S.ftuea,  bnt  the  whit«  mark  under  the 
fljes  more  extended  and  the  flanks  olive-brown ;  the  base  of  the 
cnlmen  much  higher,  and  the  feathering  at  the  base  of  the  bill  much 
more  extended,  the  loral  feathering  being  separated  from  noetrila 
by  a  space  much  narrower  than  length  of  nostril ;  male  vith 
eiroUen  lateral  base  of  upper  mandible  entirely  feathered,  bo  that 
the  feathers  come  down  nearly  to  the  edge  of  upper  mandible; 
width  of  bill  at  widest  part  equal  to  or  greater  than  distanoe  from 
noetril  to  tip,  the  lateral  outlines  atronglf  convex;  knob  with 
ant«rior  ontline  sloping  backward ;  distance  from  frontal  feathering 
to  where  outline  of  knob  b^ins  to  incline  downward  not  more  than 
0*45;  colour  of  bill,  in  life,  orange-red.  Length  iy-76'23'00  inches, 
wing  10-65-11-40,  culmen  1-4O-1-70,  tarsus  1-80-2-10. 

Female.  Similar  to  that  of  (B.  fusea,  but  easily  to  be  reoognixed 
by  the  space  separating  the  loral  feathers  being  narrower  than  the 


5.  (Edemia  carbo. 

Aniw  carbo,  pnrt.,  Pall.  Zoogr.  Jionso-At.  ii.  p,  244  (1811)  (Kamt- 

schBlka)  ;  VBp.  Compi.  Jtend.  xxsviii.  p.  664  (A'lX.  Colt.  Ifelatin, 

p.  04)  (1854). 
AoAsfuBCB,  part.,   Trmrn.  Man.  ifOrn.  2nd  ed.  It.  p.  543  (1840) 

(Japan);  Midd.  Sihir.  Jia^.    ii.  p.  238  (1863)   (South   coaat   of 

Ocbutek  Bea);  Kitll.  Dmkw.   i.  p.  L>60  (1868)   (SiUia);   Homey. 

J./.  O.  1870,  p.  43a  (E.  Siberin). 
Oidemia  de^^lauiTi,  part.,  Bp.  Compt.  Rend,  ixxviii.  p,  064  {Not.  Coll. 

Xklanrf,-^.^)   (1854)   (specim.   from  California?);  UteJH.  (nw 

Bp.)  Om.  Rcpl.  m  the  Conwu  III.  and  KamtxJtatka,  p.  174  [188S) 

(Kaiatscbfttka,  Beriug  I.) ;  A.  0.  U.   Check-iitt  N.  Am.  B.  p.  124 

(1886)  (partimP  specim.  from  CaUfoniia  ?) :   ?  Tvmrr,  C^tr.  N. 

B.  of  Alaska,  p.  1»7  (1886)  (Aleutitm  Islimde,  St.  MicLael'B, 

Unalaelis) ;   f  Ifeltm,  Ifat.  Hut.  CaU.  in  At<uka,  p.  81   (1887) 

(Alaaka,  Lower  Yukon,  Silka) ;  Gigl.  ^  Sati-ad.  P.  Z.  S.   1887, 

p.  690  (Posaietle  Bay  Wid  Japan):  Sihal.  J.f.  O.  1891,  p.  a08 

(Sitka). 
P  Oidemia  carbo,  Oim.  U.S.  Expl.  Exjieil.,  Mamm.  ^  Om.  p.  344  (1858) 

(OreffOD,  California). 
An**  (Oidemia)  fusca,  Bndde,  Beu.  S.  O.-Slbir.  ii.  p.  373  (1863) 

(Mongolia,  K.  Mandshuria,  Port  Ma;). 
MeUnetla  velvetioa,  BtalM.  Ibii,  1863,  p.  140  (YoDetaie) ;  Daa  ^ 

Bonn,  {nee  Caia.)  Tr.  Chic.  Aead.  i.  p.  300  (18l!0)  (Yukon,  Sitka) ; 

DaU,  Avif.  Aletd.  Itl.   Unal.  eaMw.  p.  U  (1873) ;  Ridgw.  Pr.  V.tS. 

Nat.  Mu».  vii.  p.  68  (1884)  (Alaska). 
(Edemia  aniericana,  Sun'nA.  (nee  Sw.)  IMb,  1803,  p.  435  ( Yaiig-t«2e) ; 

id.  P.  Z.  S.  1863,  p.  334,  1871,  p.  419, 
FuUgula   fiuca.   Dart.,  Schltg.  Mut.  P.-B.,  Ansere!>,  p.  16  (1866) 

(gpecimena  14,  15  from  Japan) ;  Seeb.  B.  Jap,  Emp.  p.  250  (pa«.) 

(1800)  ;  Brandt.  J.f.  0.  1891,  p,  268  (Sitka). 
(Edemia  fuaca,  Smnh.  (net  iiVm.)  P.  '£.  S.    1863,  p.  324  (Amoor- 

land):   tt-hitelu  {nee  Linn.),  Ibii,lBli7,  p.  2m  {Rakoditdt);  Sumth. 

P.Z.S.  1871,  p.  419;  Fimch,  Ahh.  Fer.  fir«.i.  iii.  p.  B9  (1872) ; 

Steinh.  Ibis,  1873,  p.  307  (China) ;  ?  Dyb.  J.f.  O.  1873,  p.  110  (E. 

Siberia) ;  ?  Hfual.  J.f.  O.  1874,  p.  402  (Sbanghai) ;  Smnh.  Ibit, 

1874,  p.  424  (Cdefoo),  1875,  p.  457  (HnkodadiO;  Toes.  BuU.  Soe. 

Zoot.  Fr.  ii.  p.  48  (1877)  (E.  aiberia) ;  id.  Om.  /bun.  Vott.  Sibir. 

p.  71  (1877)1  David^  Oust.  Oi».  Chine,  p.  504  (1877) ;  Slatdit.  ^ 

PrytT,  Ibis,  1878,  p.  25  (Veto,  Sendai) ;  lid.  Trant.  As.  Soc.  Jap. 

X.  p.  100  (1882)  (Japan,  Kuriles) ;  Blakiit.  ChryMnth.  1883,  p.  27; 

BUtkist.  Amend.  List  B.  Jap.  p.  9,  n.  62  (1884);  Sl^.  BuU.  U.S. 

Nat.  Mu».  BO.  S0.  p.  176  (188S) ;  NfUon,  N.  H.  Coll.  in  Alaska, 

p.  23  (1887)  (ef.  Ilns,  1889,  p.  249);  Stgan,  Ibis,  1891,  pp.  828, 

497  (Nankin). 
CEdemia  velvetina,  part,,  Finseh,  Abh.  Vtr.  Brem.  lit.  p.  68  (1872) 

( Alexandra vsk) ;  SteinA.  Ibis,  1875,  p.  457  (Yxng-tMe) ;  Blalaet. 

tr  Pryer,  Tr.  As.  Soc.  Jap.  x.  p.  101  (1882)  (Yang-twe) ;  Stuan, 

Ibu,  1891,  pp.  328,498. 
Mdanetla  fiisca,  Nelimi  (nee  Zimi.),  Cruise  '  Cwtmn,'  p.  102  (1883) 

(Bering  Str.,  Kolzebue  Sound);  IHt^.  Pr.  f/S.  Nat.  Mus.  vii. 

fc68  (1884)  (Alaaka) ;  B.,  B.,  *  B.  Hatrr-B.  N.  Am.  ii.  pp.  93. 
(pBrt.l(1884);  Matichie  v.  Ziemer.J.f.  O.  1885,  p.  IS2(Una- 
laaka,  Norton  Sound), 
Oidemia  atejnei,'eri,  Bidsw.  Man.  N.  Atu.  B.  p.  112  (1887)  (Kamt- 


Bchdtka,  Japan);  Slfjn.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Miu.  i.  p.  188  (1887) 
(Coromander  Islande) ;  Gigl.^  Saivod.  P.Z.S.  1887,  p. 592 (note); 
Salvad.  ^  Gigl.  Mem.  R.  Ac.  Sc.  Tor.  (2)  mii.  p.  119  (PossUtto 
Bay),  p.  132  (Jajwa)  (1888). 
Fuliffala  fiiBcs  Btein«£reri,  Seeli.  'B.  Jap.  Etna.  pp.  2S0  (Sfrare  of  tbe 
head),  262  (181»). 

AiaU  male.  Bimilar  to  the  male  of  (E.  deglandi,  but  black  of  the 
plumage  tunallymuch  more  inteuBe,  and  white  mark  under  tlie  eye 
more  extended  backwards  on  the  temporal  region  ;  knob  on  tiie 
oulmen  much  more  olcrated,  and  with  anterior  outline  decidedly 
concave,  the  top  forming  a  more  or  less  conspicuous  projection ; 
distance  from  frontal  feathers  along  top  of  knob  to  ant«ior  extre- 
mity not  lesB  than  0'5d ;  sides  of  bill  bright  red  in  life. 

Female.  Similar  to  the  female  of  (E.  deglandi,  but  the  line  of  the 
frontal  feathering  almost  transverse,  not  forming  an  angle  protruding 
anteriorly  ;  in  that  respect  resembles  the  female  of  (E.  funM,  from 
which  it  differs  in  the  feathering  of  the  loral  region  descending 
lower  than  the  nostril. 

Sab.  North-eastern  Asia,  south  in  winter  to  Japan  and  China ; 
?  North-weBt«m  America,  south  in  winter  to  California. 

(There  are  no  adult  Bpecimens  from  Alaska  in  the  British 
Hnsenm,  so  that  I  am  unable  to  decide  whether  Alaskan  birds 
really  belong  to  <E,  earbo.) 


a,b.  c;Sad.Bk. 
e.  a  ad.  sk. 
d.  (J  ad.  Bt. 
e-A.    tJ  2  ad.  et 


AmooMand  (Jl.  Maack). 

China. 

Slianghai,  China. 

Shan gh si,    China,    March 

(S.  SwiTihoe). 
Foochow,  Jan. 
Kiirile  Island  (0.. 
llakodadi.    Janan.    Feb. 


SeebohmColL 

Purchased. 

F.  Webb,  Esq.  [P.]. 

Saebohni  ColL 


50.   SOBUM. 


413 


p.  312  (egg)  (1800):   id.  Ibii,  1862,  p.  72  (lieligoktid) ;  OW. 

Thfi.  Om.  i.  p.  aSfl  (1872). 
Canard du Nord, apeUS la  Mwchand,  D'Aubent. B.  Enl.  996  (17—  ?). 
Macreuee  &  large  bee.  Buff.  Hint.  Nat.  Oil.  ii.  p.  344  (1783). 
Anas  latirostrifl,  £odd.  Tabt.  Fl.  Bnl.  p.  56.  d.  1)96  ( I7d3]. 
Black  Duck,  Pmn,  Arct.  Zool.  ii.  p.  660,  n.  48»  11765) ;  Lath.  ^n. 

iii.  2,  p.  479,  n.35(1786). 
MeUnitM  pecspicillata,  Bote,  lag,  1823,  p.  S64;  &/t.  Man.  Anat. 

p.  146  (1838) ;  Eyt.  Syn.  Anat.  p.  103  (1669). 
Plntypufl  perspicilUlus,  Brehm,  LrArb.  AW.  rur.  Vog.  u.p.  823  (1824). 
(Hdemia  perapicillata,  Strpi.  Gen.  Zvol.  zii.  S,  p.  219  (1824) ;  i%fn. 

£r.  vln.  p.  119  (1828);  &w.  4-  JtieA.  -Faun.  Jior.-Am.  ii.  p.  449 

(1831) ;  Jard.  4-  Stlb.  lU.  Orn.  iii.  pL  ckxxv.  (1835)  ;  Jen.  Man. 

p.  240  (1835);  Eyt.  Gt/.  fn'f.  i7.  p.  o9  (1836) :  id.  Hitt.  a/ Bar. 

Sril.  B.  p,  81  (1830)  j  Svi.  Class.  B.  iL  n.  3tJ8  (1837) ;  Gould,  3. 

Bur.  V.  pi.  376  {1»J7);   £p.  Campt.  LUt,  p.  67  (1838);  K.  It 

£.    Wirbekh.  Bur.  pp.  twiri,   228  (1840)  :    Ma^L  Man.   ii. 

p.  181  (1842) ;  HaM.  Vers.  Ga.  Mtu.  p.  120  (1844) ;  G.  S.  Gr. 

lilt  B.  Brit.  Mus.  iii.  p.  141  (1844) ;  id.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  63d,  a.  4 

(1844);  Gone,  if.  Am.  p.  408  (1847);  UarU.  Arch./.  Naturg. 

18S2,  i.  p.  122   (1852):   Bp.   Compt.  Bend,  xliii.  p.  664  (185ij) 

(CMifomia)  i  Neieb.  Pr.  R.  S.  Rep.  vi.  p.  104  (1857) ;  Ntlst.  Skandin. 

Btun.  (ed.  1868>  p.  465 ;  Cat.  U.S.  Krplor.  Erped.,  Mamm.  Jj-  Om. 

p.  344  (18681 ;  Beerm.  Pr.  B.  E,  Rep.  x.  pi.  n.  p.  70  (1868) ;  Murr. 

Edmb.  N.  i%/.  Jmtra.  1869,  p.  230 ;  Reinh.  Ibia,  1861,  p.  14 

(UreenlaDd);  Nordm.  J.f.  O.  1864,  p.  378;  J)egi.  ^  Oerbt,  Om. 

Eur.  ii.  p.  663  (1867) ;  Gould,  B.  of  Great  Brit.  v.  pi,  30  (1867) ; 

Tumi.  Birds  E.  Fa.  p.  37  (1869) ;  Mull.  J.  f.  O.  18U9,  p.  347 

(Faroe  P) ;  Cmes,  Pr.  Phiiad.  Ai'ai  1871,  p.  27  ;  id.  Kty  S.  Am. 

B.  p.  294,  n.  518  (1872);  Harting,  Br.  B.  p.  163  (1872)  (Great 

Brilun)  ;    Feild.   Zoulog.   1872,   p.    3!i55   (Faeroe,   accidanta]) ; 

Raah.    Vidauk.    Medd.    EjUbenh.   1861,   p.    183   (UrBenland); 

TWrorr, Contr. Nat.  But.  ^Alaska, p.  137  (1886) (Yukon  and  Aleu- 

tLuiIsL);  A.  O.  U.  Chttk-ti$t N.  Am.  B.  p.  124, n,  166  (1886); 

I^w.  Man.  N.  Am.  B.  p.  113  (1887);  A'elsan,  Nat.  Bitl.  Cbll. 

in  Alaska,  p.  61,  pi.  r.  f.  6  (head)  (1887)  (both  shores  of  Bering 

Stiuu. Norton  ^ouad.aod  KoUebue  Sound);  Mackay.Aiik,  1891, 

p.  279  (NewEDgiaodl;  MarteH,  Kat.  Voyelsamml.-f.-2M&aS>iil]; 

IVuvA.  Auk,  18112,  pp.  157-160;  Ouhoit,  Faun.  Vert.  Belg.,  Oia. 

ii.  p,  606  (1893) ;  CiiUett,  CkrUt.  Vid.-lieUk.  Fork.  1805  (Eiir. p.  (I) 

(Norway). 
Ana*  (Fuligula)  ipen-picilUu,  Bp.  Obt.  WUi.  a.  265  (1828). 
Fuliguta  (Oidemia)   perepicillata,  Bp,  Ann.  Lye.  a.  Y.  ii.  p.  389 

(1826) ;  id.  ^n.  p.  389  (1828) ;  Nutt.  Man.  li.  p.  416  (1834). 
AlUB  (Macrorlianiphus)  perspicillaia,  Let*.  Man.  if  Om.  ii,  p,  414 

(1823). 
Pdionetta  penpicillata,  Kaup,  Natiirl.  Sgtt.  p.  107  (1829) ;  Rclmb. 

Sun.  Av.,  Natatores,  t.  82.  ff.  OU&-907  (1846) ;    id  Av.  Suit.  Nat. 

p.  viii  (1862);    Bp.   Campt.  Rend.  Jtiiii.  p.  651,  n.  128  (1866): 

Baird,  B.  N.  Am.  p.   6U6  (1858) ;    id.  Vat.  N.  Am.  B.  a.  602 

0860) ;   Coop.  4-  Si«-kl.  N,  H.  Wash.  Terr.  p.  262  (1680) ;  Caues, 

Pf.  PMIad.  Aead.  1861,  p.  239;   KirUy,  cf.  Ibis,  1862,  p.  308; 

Jtos»,  Canad.  Natur.  TiL  p.  163  (Uackenzia)  (1662) ;  id.  Nat.  Hist. 

Rm.  (2)  i.  p.  286  (1862) ;   Vtrr.  Pr.  Est.  Inst.  »{.  p.  153  (1862) ; 

Boardm.  Pr.  Boa.  Hoc.  N.  H.  ix.  p.   l;iO  (l«02) ;  Blakiit.  Ibis. 

1863,  p.  149  (Brit.  N.Am.):  Cbivs,  if'ta.  16(H(,  p.  270:  Loan:  Ann. 

I^.N.  r.  Tiii.  p.297(1860)i  itiirrf,  ;6m,  1867,  pp.  271,283,284, 


286;  Brown,  Ibli,  1868,  p.  430  {Vancouver) ;  Couei,  Pr.  Em.  Intl. 
T.  p.  200  (18*58) ;  id.  Pr.  BotC.  Soe.  N.  H.  xii.  p.  126  (1868) ;  Daa 
^  Bona.  Tr.  Chic.  Acad.  i.  p.  300  (1B69) ;  Sttndev.  Meth.  not.  Av. 
di»p.  Tent.  p.  149  (1872) ;  Jiidffui.  Ifom.  y.  Am.  B.  a.  633  (1881) ; 
SUamt,  Pr.  U.  S.  Nat.  Miu.  1883,  p.  121 ;  Btm,  Pr.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mm.  y.  p.  107  (188a)  (Alaska) ;  B.,  B.,  ^  P.  Waler-B.  N.  Am.  ii. 
p.  98  (1S&4) ;  Nehrl.  J./.  O.  1885,  p.  148  (niinois) ;  MatKhU  «. 
Ziemer,  ibid,  p.  192 :  Shtajx,  Qit.  Oiteol.  Specim.  R.  C.  S.  iii.  p.  308 
(1891). 

FulisiilB  penpicillata,  £p.  /«u,  1832,  p.  1188,  n.  333;  Aud.  Om. 
Buigr.  IT.  p.  101,  pi.  3l7  (1838) ;  i^.  St/n.  p.  380  (1339)  :  Sefyt- 
L.  Faun.  Belq.  i.  p.  143  (1842);  AaA.  B.  vim.  vi.  p.  337,  pL  402 
(1843) ;  Be  Kay,  Ii.  Y.  Zool.  ii.  p.  336  (1844)  ;  Qiraud,  B.  Long 
Id.  p.  329  (1844);  Degl.  Om.  Eur.  ii.  p.  474  (1349);  SckUg. 
Mu».  P.-B.,  Anseres,  p.  16  (1866);  Falmin,  J.f.  O.  1876,  p.  58 
(Finland) ;  Seefi.  Ilitt.  Brit.  B.  iii.  p.  607,  pi.  65  (ene)  (1^) ; 
Brandt,  J.  f.  O.  1891,  p.  a68  (Sitka) ;  Swink.  Ihii,  1892,  p.  27 
(Heligoland). 

(Edemia  perajMcillata,  Sp.  Cat.  Met.  Uce.  Eur.  p.  72,  n.  446  (1842) ; 
LicAt.  Nomencl.  Av.  p,  103  (1864)  (Meiico);  Seinh.  J.f.  0.  1854, 
p.  142  (Greenland);  id.  Ibii,  1861,  p.  14  (Greenland);  AlhrteH, 
J.f.  O.  1862,  p.  207  ;  March,  Pr.  BtUad.  Acad.  1864,  p.  72 ;  A. 
Neict.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  167  (e^) ;  Couet,  Kty,  p.  294  (1872) ;  id. 
Check-Hit,  n.  518  (1873) ;  Sdat.  Sf  Sale.  NomencL  Av.  Neotrop, 
p.  130  (1873);  Cii«ei,  B.  ^.-JFeri,  p.  682  (1874);  Sclat.  ^  Safe. 
P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  402  (Jamaica) ;  Brai.  S.  of  Ew.  -n.  p.  669, 
pL  450  (1877) ;  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  629 ;  Lanaton,  Zoolog. 
1881,  p.  60  (Orkney,  trachea) ;  A.  ^  E.  Ntuit.  Bandb.  Jam.  p.  118 
(1881) ;  Cotum,  Check-liei,  3nd  ed.  p.  110,  n.  739  (1882) ;  Sate.  Cat. 
B.  Strickl.  CoU.  p.  640  (1S82);  B.  O.  U.  List  Brit.  B.  p.  136 
(1883) ;  Hartl  J.  f.  O.  1883.  p.  283  (Alaska) ;  Cbw*,  Ki-y  N. 
Am.  B.  2nd  ed.  p.  714,  n.  738  (1884)  ;  Thompson,  Zoolog.  1884, 
" '    "        .-     "^-  .     "    .    "    ■  ^j 


50.  lEDEMU. 


415 


one  of  a  trian^ilnr  shape  on  the  nape  :  "npper  mandible  above  at 
base,  including  noatrils,  dull  crimson,  this  changed  to  flame-scarlet 
oyer  the  front  of  the  mandihle.  nail  cadmium-yellow,  narrowly 
edged  anteriorly  with  lighter  yellow,  and  Bometimes  posteriorly  with 
light  lavender,  nides  wi^  large  squarish  patch  of  black  at  base,  thia 
separated  from  the  black  feathering  above  itby  orange  and  from  the 
feathering  behind  by  a  naJTOwer  edging  of  crimson  ;  beneath  this 
black  patch  and  in  front  of  it  ae  far  as  anterior  edge  of  nostril,  or 
thereabouts,  continuously  white,  the  remainder  of  the  side  (anteriorly 
to  the  white  portion)  pure  orange;  lower  mandible-nail  like  its 
fellow  above ;  back  of  this  for  a  short  distance  reddish  fleah-colour, 
tenninating  irregularly  in  white,  the  white  continued  to  the  base, 
Trith  more  or  less  black  on  the  naked  skin  between  the  rami ;  feet: 
outer  sides  of  tarsus  and  toes,  excepting  inner  toe,  crimson ;  the 
inner  side,  with  both  sides  of  inner  toe,  orange-chrome,  deepening 
in  part  to  orange-vermilion ;  joints  and  other  portions  blotchily 
marked  with  black;  webs  solidly  black"  (Tnimbull).  Total  length 
about  21  inches,  wing  9-5,  tail  3'5,  cnlmen  1-65,  tarsus  1-6. 

Occasionally  in  some  specimens,  apparently  fully  adult,  the  white 
patch  on  the  crown  is  entirely  absent. 

FemaU.  Plumage  dull  brown,  lightest  about  the  cheeks ;  the 
feathers  of  the  back  sometimes  show  paler  tips  ;  lower  parts  greyish 
brown,  becoming  nearly  white  on  the  abdomen,  the  feathers  of  the 
breast  and  sides  tipped  with  the  same  ;  vent  and  under  tail-covorts 
uniform  dusky  :  biU  greenish  black  ;  iris  yellowish  white ;  "  feet 
yellowish  orange,  webs  greyish  dusky  ''  {Audubon), 

Young.  Similar  to  the  adult  female,  but  bead  with  two  quite 
distinct  whitbh  patches,  one  against  the  lateral  base  of  the  bill,  the 
other  over  the  auriculars,  behind  and  below  the  eye ;  plumage 
above  more  uniform  than  in  the  adult  female. 

Taiatg  in  Jlrit  plumage  closely  resemble  adult  female,  but  have 
trocea  of  the  white  on  the  nape. 

Timng  in  down  appears  to  be  andeecribed. 

Hab.  Northern  North  America,  in  winter  south  to  Jamaica,  the 
XIarolinas,  Ohio  Uiver,  and  Lower  California;  the  Asiatic  coast  of 
Bering  Straits ;  accidental  in  Northern  Europe,  cast  as  far  as 
Swedish  Lapland. 


0.  a  sd.  SI. 

N.  Amprfca, 

Old  Coll. 

ft,  c,  d.  tf  ad.  St. 

N.  America. 

Hudson's  Bay  Co.  [P.]. 

etak. 

•.    2  JUV.  8k. 

Kcitxebue  Sound. 

CspLKellett  and  Lieut. 
-h'ood[P.]. 

f~k.  (f  2  ad.  et 
iuv.  sk. 

St.  Michael's,  Alaska.  June, 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Aug.,8ept.(£'.  W.Ndion). 

t    Sjuv.sk. 

Sept. 

Salvin-Godman  Ool!. 

M.  rf  ad.  sk. 

Bear  Lake. 

B.  R.  Ross,  Esq.  f  P.  . 

».  (T  ad.  sk. 

Fort  Simpson. 
Big  laUnr 

B.  R  Ross,  Esq.   P.  . 

o.  J  ad.  sk. 

B.  R  Boss,  Esq.  P.  . 

..  a  ad.  sk. 

I^tfHuUc  Bav. 

Dr.  Rae. 

^5.  cJ«d.ak. 

Oodboul,   Canada  (N.    A, 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

r.  (J  $  Kd.  ak. 

(.  (J  $  kd.  Hk. 


I .  g  od.  ek. 
i'.  (J  imm.  ak. 

r. ,;  ad.  sk. 
'.  2  »^-  sk. 
'.  (J  ad.  Bk. 
^  A',  tl  ad.  et  cf 


Bay    of    Fundy     (S.    E. 

Bay  of  Fuady,  April  {B.  E. 

Dmver). 
UassachuBotts,  Sept. 
Boston,  MBssachu8etta,Sept. 

(S.  W.  HoMhmc). 
Ipawich  llBy,Mas8acliu»etts 

(C  J.  Mmptard). 
Branford,  Connecticut,  Not. 

[A.  J.  Damn). 
Bermudas,  Nov. 
VancouTer  Island. 
VancoUTer  Island. 
VancouTei  laland. 
St  Juan  Island. 
Nauaimo,  May. 
California. 
San  DiE«o,  Oalifomia,  Dec. 

{H.  W.Hemhaw). 


H.  J.  Elwea,  Esq.  [P.]. 
Salvin-Oodman  Coll 


SalTm-Godman  CoD. 
SalTin-Oodnian  CoU. 


Saliin-Godman  C 

Old  CoU. 

J.  K.  Lord.  Esq.  [P.]. 


61.  CAHPT0L93EUS. 
Eyt.  Afon.  Anat.  p.  67  (1836)  (n« 


Kajnptorhyncln 

Cud.)   

Camptorhynchus,  Sp.  Comp.  Lot,  p.  68  (1838). 
Camptalaimtu,  6.  E.  Or.  Lot  Gen.  B.  ed.  2,  p.  91 

(1841) 

Sange.  Confined  to  North-eastern  America. 

1.  CunptoIttmoB  labiadoriQB. 


Type. 
C.  labradoriiit. 


51. 


mnoLMuva. 


4ir 


I 


Oi-oud.  B.  Long  M.  p.  327  (1844);  Sekkg.  Mut.  P.-B.,  AiwereB, 

p.  19(1866). 
SomAteria  labradoris  Boie,  Im,  1828,  p.  328 ;    A.  Xetel.  Ene.  Brit. 

ei.  9,  iviii.  p.  7S5,  f.  48  ^1875). 
KtunptorhjDchus  Iftbradotue,  Eijt.  Mvn.  Anat.  p.  151  (1838) ;  Q.  R. 

Or.  Lut  Gen.  B.  p.  75  (1840) ;  Eyt.  Syn.  Anat.  p.  108  (1869). 
CunptorhjiichuB  labmdonu,  Bp.  Comp.  Lift,  p.  5«,  u.  391  (1888), 
Fuligula  grisea,  LeOi,  Jout^.  Ae.  Sc.   Philad.  yiii.  p.  170  (1840> 

(young-)  (  =  labratb>ra  joan^). 
Ca^ptolaiinus  labradorua,  fi.  A  Gr.  itii  Om.  S.  ed.a,p.95(I84l; : 

id.  Litt  B.  Brit.  Mta.  iii.  p.  141  (1844)  ;  id.  Gm.  B.  iii.  p.  BSS 

(1844);  Behnb.   Syn.    At:,   Nftlatores,   t   77,   fl'.   896-9li  (Mub. 

Dreed.)  (1845);   id.  Av.  Sifit.  yat.f.Tui  (1852);  6.  R.  Gr.  Litt 

Qtn.   ^  &i6gn.   B.   v.   124,   gen.   ^066   (1855);    id.    HaadJitt. 

iii.  p,  88,  n.  10703  (1871)  ;  —  fl'omt  and  Sir/am,  May  4tii,  187« 

(Ddhi  Mill, MichicBO,  1872);  A. O.  U.  Ch^k-list  N.  Am. B.  p.  121, 

n.  156  (1886) ;  Ridgv.  Man.  N.  Am.  B.  p.  107  (1887) ;    DtUeAer, 

Aufi,  1891,  pp.  201-216,  pi.  ii. ;  —  P  SAootiTtg  and  Finking,  1891,. 

no.  22,  p.  425  [cf.  Auk,  1893,  p.  294) ;  B.  G.  [A.  V.  Goutd],  Sitoatiiig 

and  Fidiing,  1892,  no.  18,  p.  845 ;  Mayer,  Auk,  1892,  p.  -^189  (Mu8. 

Dreed.,  one  female);  AUm,  Auk,  1893,  p.  125;  JDufcher,  Auk, 

1863,  p,  2/0;  Stone,  Auk,  1893,  p.  363;   Dutchtr,  Auk,  1894. 

pp.  4-12  ;  Hartl.  AM.  naturv.  Ver.  Brem.  xir.  1,  p.  33  (1896). 
CamptolKmua  laliradonu,  Lichf.  Nomencl.  Av.   p.   lOS   (one,  Mua. 

Berlin)   (1864);  Bp.  Comae.  Bmd.  xliii.  p.  fiSl,  n.  152   (1856); 

Sund^B.  Mtth.  nat.  Av.  dttp.   Tenl.  p.   148  (187^) ;  Solv.  Cat.  B. 

StrickL  Coll.  p.  539  (1683)  (one  Bpeciraen). 
Camplolieraus  labradorins,  Baird,  B.  jV.  Am.  p.  808  (1868)  (two 

Bpecim.);  id.  Cat.  N.Am.  B.  u,  600  (1859);  Coua,  Fr.  Acad, 

Philad.    18«lj   p.  239;    Va-r.   Pr.  Ess.  lnit.  iii.  p,  158  (1863); 

Lawr.  Am.  Lye.  N.  F.  viii.  1806,  p.  297  (1807) ;  Couei,  Fr.  Ea. 

/»jrf.  V.  Comm.  p.  300  (1868) ;  TumbuU,  B.  E.  Pa.  p.  37  (1869) 

(raie);   Coua,  Ka/  N.  Am.  B.-p.-2iaHm7&):  id.  C/ieck-litt,n.&» 

(1873) ;  Baroek,  Bull.  Eta.  In»t.  v.  p.  38  (1873) ;  Coma,  B.  N.- 

Wftt,-^.  679  (1874) ;  Oregg,  American  Natural,  xiii,  p.  138(1879)  ; 

CWw,  Beaut,  and  Curiout  B.y\.\v.-a\.~  (1881);  Mtdgv).  Nom. 

y.  Am.  B.  n.  624  (1881) ;  Couu,  CheckJiil,  2nd  ed.  n.  720  (1883) ; 

id.  Key  N.  Am.  B.  p.  700  (1884) ;  B.,  B.,  ^  B.  Water-B.  N.  Am. 

ii.  p.  SS  (1884) ;  Milne-Edw.  ^  Oust.  Notice  $ur  guelques  Eipiim 

(TOif,  p.  51,pl.  ir.  (1893). 
Anna  labradoricft,  Hall.  Canad.  Natur.  vii.  p.  437  (1862)  (B»j  of 

Laprairie,  Montreal  Diatrict) ;  cf.  Dutcher,  Auk,  1894,  p.  176. 
Labrador  Duck,  Boardm.  Amer.  Natural,  iii.  no.  7,  p.  383  (1869). 
SomHterialabTBdoria,ii(»w/.Or>i.jlfuc.ii. pp. 205-228,  pi.  55  (cJ,  $, 

and  (J  juv.)  (1877)  ;   A.  Neiet.  Did.  o/Birde,  p.  222  (1893). 
Fuligula  labradoria,  Seebohm,  Hitl.  Bnt.  B.  iii.  p.  61 1  (note)  ( 1885). 
CaniptolffiniuB  kbradoricua,  «ofa(.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p,  628 ;   Triilr.  Cat. 

CoU.  B.  p.  47  (1889)  (one  specimen). 
CamptolsJmuB  labradoriuB,  Stnn.  KingaL  Stand.  Nat.  Hist.  it.  p.  161 

(1885);  Lucax,  Report  Nation.  Mua.  1688-89,  p.  036, pi.  cii.  (d) 

(1891) ;  Field,  Cotumb.  Mas.  Sub.  i.  no.  1  (1894)  (c/.  Om.  MonoM. 

1696,  p.  100). 

AdtiU  malt.  Head,  neck,  jngulum,  acapulars,  and  wings,  except 
pimaries,  wbite ;  lougitudinal  attipc  on  the  crown  and  occiput, 
ooUar  round  lower  part  of  neck,  back,  rump,  upper  tail-covert«, 
primarice,  toil,  and  entire  lower  parts  black,  tho  tail  and  lower 


TOL.  xxvn. 


2b 


418  abiuds. 

surface,  except  laterally  and  anteriorly,  more  p«yieli ;  breast  and 
aides  dusted  with  wUtuili  pointa ;  the  black  collar  composed  of  soft 
velvety  feathers ;  on  the  anterior  part  of  the  cheeks  a  patch  of  stifF 
feathers;  soapularH  and  tcrtials  edged  with  black:  "bill  with  the 
basal  Bpace  between  the  nostrils,  running  into  a  rounded  point  in 
the  middle,  pale  greyish  blue ;  the  sides  of  the  base  and  the  edgea 
of  both  mandibles  for  two  thirds  of  their  length  doll  pale  orange, 
the  rest  of  the  bill  black ;  iris  reddish  ha»l ;  feet  %ht  greyish 
blue;  web  and  claws  dusky"  (Avduixm)}  "cere  flesh-colour, 
remainder  of  l^e  bill  blackish  hom-colour ;  tarsi  and  irides  yellow  " 
{Bait).  Total  length  about  22  inches,  wing  8-75,  tail  3-3,  culmen 
l"?)  tarsus  1'5. 

Adult  female.  Uniform  brownish  grey,  the  wing-coverts  with 
dark  mesial  lines ;  wing-speculum  formed  by  the  secondaries  and 
by  the  greater  wing-coverts  white ;  tertials  e^ed  with  blackish ; 
primaries  dnsky.  Total  length  about  18  inches,  wing  8*4,  tail  3, 
«ubnen  1'65,  tarsus  1'4. 

Young  male.  "  Similar  to  adult  female,  hut  chin  and  throat  white, 
and  the  white  of  the  chest  strongly  indicated ;  greater  wing-coverts 
white  "  (Jtidgvirof). 

A  specimen  in  ike  Rothschild  collection,  marked  as  young  maU,  is 
mmilar  to  the  adult  female  :  general  plumage  greyish  brown  ;  head 
and  neck  with  indistinct  undulated  dusky  cross-lines;  chin  and 
throat  dull  whit«,  sharply  defined;  lower  breast  slightly  tinged 
witli  black ;  speculum  white  ;  longer  scapulars  aud  tertials  silver)' 
grey,  the  latter  edged  with  dusky  on  the  outer  web ;  tail  brown- 
giey ;  qulUs  brown. 

It  is  sapposed  that  the  Labrador  Duck  is  now  nearly,  if  not  quite, 
extinct ;  the  specimens  known  in  Museums  are  41. 

Hah.  Formerly  northern  Atlantic  coast  of  North  America,  soatli 


UEKICONEITA, 


^  Gtrt 

H  p.36 


1.  Heniconetta,  Btelleri. 
.\iiag  Btelleri,  Pall.  Spic.  Zool.  faac.  ti.  p.  36,  tab.  v.  (1769) ;  Qtn.  S.  N. 
i.  2,  p.  518,  n.  m  (1788)  ;  Pan.  Zoogr.  Houe-Ai.  U.  p.  238  (syn, 
emend.),  tab.  Ixviii.  (1811);  Schlm.  Bev.  Crit.  p.  civi  (1844); 
Middend.  Sibir.  Seu.  ii.  2,  p.  234,  Taf.  «iii.  ff.  3-fi  (e^)  (1863)  ; 
L.  Srehm,  J./.  O.  1857.  p.  358 ;  Btat.  Naumatmia,  1858,  p.  316 
(Heligoland)  (1869)  j  id.  Navmann'e  Vdg.  DadKlU.  xiii.  p.  313 
(1860) ;  id.  Ibit,  1862,  p.  72  (HeLgoIand) ;  Sieinh.  P.  Z.  S.  1863, 
p.  324;  Midd.  mir.  JUise,  iv.  p.  988  (1867);  Homey.  J.f.  0. 
1870,  p.  432;  Nerdvi,  J. /.  0. 1871,  p.  208  (Fiumark,  breeding) ; 
Giefi.  Ties.  On.  i.  p.  362  (1872). 
Western  Duck,  ftnn.  Arel.  Zoot.  ii.  p.  564,  a.  4»7,  pi  23  (1785); 
Lath.  Syn.  iii.  2,  p.  532,  n.  74  (17&5) ;  id.  Suppl.  i.  p.  275  (1787). 
Adm  diBpnr,  ^rrm.  Mm.  Carbon,  tabb.  7  &  8  (1786)  ;  Om.  S.  If. 
I  2.  p,  535,  n.  107  (1788) ;  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  866,  n.  8;) 
(1790)  J  Bonn.  Enc.  Mith.  i.  p.  145,  pi.  30.  f.  3  (1790) ;  VieiU. 
A*.  D.  T.  p.  157  (1816)  J  />«.«.  Diet.  Se.  Nat.  vi.  p.  377  (1817) ; 
Temm.  Man.  ^Orn.  3nd  ed.  iv.  p.  547  (1840)  :  Naum.  VUg. 
DmdicU.  xii.  p.  240,  Taf.  320  (1844) ;  Pa»>l.  J.f.  O.  1853,  p,  320 
lUpland)  ;  Oidke,  J.f.  0.  I860,  p.  377  fHeligoland), 
.\n»s  (fceidua.  Bonn.  Enir.  Mith.  i.  p.  130  (1790);  Sham,  Nat.  Mi*c. 

pi,  32  (iriW) ;    Ymrea,  P.  Z.  S.  1831,  p.  ai  (Dorking), 
Cltuigula  fltelleri,  BoU,  Iiii,  1822,  p.  564 ;  Macgitt.  Man.  Om.  a. 

p.  183  (1842). 
Fuligula  dispsr,  SUph.  Oat.  Zool.  xii.  2,  p.  206  (1824) ;  Jard.  j-  Selb. 
Jit.   Om.ui.  pi.   136  (18&5);  Jen.  Man.  p.  243  (1835);  Gould, 
B.  Eur.  V.  pi.  372  (1817) ;  Aud.  Om.  Biogr.  t.  p.  253,  pi.  480 

■    "  '" ■■      ■■    B.Am.  vi.  p.  868,  d.  407 

(1844) ;  &*£tf.  Mut.  F.~S., 

FaUgula  steUeri,'  Bp.  Am.  Lye.  If.  T.  il.  p.  394  (1826) ;  id.  Ban. 
p.  384(1828);  id.  hi»,  1832,  p.  1180;  i%/,  0™.  Eur.  u.  p.  469 
(1840)  i  Ptttmin,  J.f.  0.  1876.  p.  59  (Finland) ;  Bnmdt,  J.f.  O. 
1880,  p.  24(1  (now) ;  ReAnw.  J.f.  O.  1890,  p.  84 ;  Brandt,  J.f.  O. 
1891,  p.  263  (Kamtscbatka). 
Fuligulft  (Macropiw)  stelleri,  Nutt.  Man.  ii,  p.  451  (1834). 
yoUaHcla  Btelleri,  Eyt.  Cat.  Brit.  B.  p.  58  (1836) ;  id.  Hut.  Rarer 
Brit.  B.  p.  79  (1836);  id.  Mim.  Anat.  p.  150  (1838);  Baird, 
B.  X.  Am.  p.  801  (1858) ;  id.  Cat.  N.  Am.  S.  n.  598  (1859) ; 
Bnirrf,  J./.  0.1866.  p,  344;  W.  fti..  1867,  p.  286;  DaU  ^  Bam,. 
Tr.  Oiie.  Acad.  i.  p.  290  (1869) ;  Dall.  Avif  AUut.  Itl.  Vnat. 
cflfhff.  p.  6(1873);  id.  Arif.  Aleut.  ULvtif.  Unat.  p.  7  (1874); 
NeUoH,  CnuM  '  Corwin,'  p.  99  (1883) ;  MunlocA,  Erped.  to  Pi>tnt 

I88r-     "  ■  -■■      "■  .  ,  ^  . 

p.  191. 

SteHaria  disuar,  Bp.  Comp.  Li»t,  p.  67  (1838). 
Hareldft  rtelleri,  E.  ^  B.  WirMth.  Eur.  pp,  Ixxxvii,  280  (1840) ; 

Hoigl.  J.f.  O.  1872,  p.  123  (Taimir). 
Emconetta  stfUeri,  O.  A.  Or.  Lilt  Gen.  B.  p.  75  ( 1840) ;  ia.  op.  eit. 
2ml  ed.  p.  95  ( 1841 )  i  id.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  024  (1844) ;  fleAsi.  Syn. 
Av.,  HaMtoTna,  t,  82.  ff.  008-910  (18*6) ;  id.  A«.  Syil.  Nat.  p.  viii 
(1863) ;  O.  R.  Or.  Li^  Br.  B.  p.  304  (1863) ;  Gould,  B.  Great 
Brit.  \.  pi.  25  (1863);  Eut.  Sya.  Anat.  p.  107  (18<»);  Dtgt.^ 
Gerbe.  Om.  Eur.  ii.  p.  553  (1869) ;  Stejn.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mvt.  r. 
(1882) ;  B.,  B., ^  R.  Watrr-B.  N.  Am.  ii. p.  66  (1884) ;  Tvmtir, 
^uA,  1885,  p.  168 ;  Sttjn.  Bull.  U.S.  Nat.  Mui.  no.  29,  p.  170  (Berii« 
2b2 


)  id.  Sj/n.  p.  293  (1839)  ;  id.   B.  A 

(1843);  DeKay.N.T.Zool."       " " 

Ansena,  p.  15  (1806). 


t,  Alaska,  p.  118  (1885)  ;  Matiehie  u.  Ziemer,  J.f.  O.  1886, 


I.)  (1886) ;  A.  O.  U.  Check4u,t  N.  Am.  B.  p.  121,  n.  167  (1886) ; 
7ton«r,  Contr.  N.  B.  of  Alatka,  p.  13fi  (1888) ;  Nekon,  Nat.  Hut. 
CoU.  «  Aladm,  n.  75  (1887) ;  Ridffia.  Man.  JV.  Am.  B.  p.  106 

S87) ;  Sfon.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mu».  x.  p.  137  (1887)  (Commandw 
)iSarUrt,&it.  Vogeltamml.  p.  2m  (1891) ;  Alien,  Auk,  leOS, 
p.  123. 
Stolleria  diewir,  Bp.  Cat.  Met.  Ucc  Sur.  p.  74,  n.  457  (1842)  ( 
Marpm.  Hid.  Brit.  B.  t.  p.  164  (1862):  Bp.  Compt.  Rend,  ilui, 
p.  650,  n.  127  (1856) ;  Frilich,  Naturg.  rUg.  Eur.  p.  436,  Taf.  47. 
f.  10  (J),  12(2)  (1870);  G.  A  Gr.  flimrf-Jirf,  iii.  p.  88,  n.  10706 
(1871)  i  Strjn.  J.f.  0. 1873,  p.  307  (Norway) ;  GoAel,  ibid.  p.  422 ; 
Reiitk.  Vid.  Medd.  Siobmh.  1881,  p.  188  (Qreenliind);  if^alter. 
J.f.  O.  1890,  pp.  234,  236  (Norway). 
Somateria  etellen,  Jard.  Brit.  B.  iv,  p,  73  (1843) ;  Netct.  P.  Z.  S.  1861, 
p.  400,  pi.  axiix.  f.  4  (egg) ;  Sharpe  ^  Dreis.  B.  of  Evr.  yi.  p.  648, 
pi.  447  (1871)  i  Ret/,  ^<m.  Eur  Briiti:  u.  Giule,  p.  133  (1872) ; 
Oiuet,  Ibit,  1872,  p.  53 ;  Gum.  Und.  p.  330  (tlaxmon's  Isl.) ;  Owm, 
Key  N.  Am.  B.  p.  291  (1872) ;  id.  Check-lilt,  n.  511  (1873);  id. 
B.  N.-  West,  p.  680  (1874) ;  Cordeaux,  Ibit,  1876,  p.  186  {Helipo- 
Und) ;  Taa.  Om.  Faun.  Va»t.  Sibir.  p.  72  (1877) ;  id.  BiUl.  Hoc. 
Zooi.  Fr.  ii.  p.  48  (1877);  Coilett,  Nyt  Mag.  Naturvid.  %vn. 
p.  376(1881);  ElSot,  Mm.  Seal  Ul.  v.  130(1881);  CoueK,Check- 
lUt,  2Dd  ed.  p.  116,  n.  731  (1882) ;  Taa.  Bali.  Soc.  Zoot.  Fr.  viii. 
p.  344  (Kamtscliatka)  (1883) ;  Sound,  in  YarreWi  Hitt.  Brit.  B. 
IV.  p.  468  (1884-86) ;  &rf.  Biat.  Brit.  B-  iii.  p.  613,  pi.  59  (egg) 
(1886) ;  Dedit.  J.f.  O.  188.%  p.  207  (8.  Petentburg) ;  Seeb.  Ibu, 
1888,  p.  360  (Great Liakofflsl);  Trirtr.  Ca/.  CW/.  .B.  p.  47  (1889); 
Smnd. la.  Man.  Brit.  B.  p.  451  (1889) ;  ScAoI.  J.f.  0. 1890,  p.  79; 
&eb.B.Jman.  Emp.  p.  257  (1800);  id.  Ibit,  1892,  p.  28  (Heligo- 
land) ;  OdUtt,  Mindre  Medd.  aed.  Norvet  Fugkf.  1881-02,  p.  §Sa 
(1894). 
SomateriadiBpar,  Farr.  Bitt.  Bril.  £.  Sad  ud.  iii.  p.  305  (1845),  Sid 
ed.  iii.  p.  306  (1860) ;  Sdat.  (?)  Ibui.  1603,  p.  477  ;  Homey.  J.  f.  0. 
1872,  p.  308  (Daniig,  KomKabeig,  and  Pillau) ;  Blakigt.  Ibi»,  1876, 
).  335  (KamtacfafttkA) ;  Homey.  J.f.  O.  1878,  p.  120;  Bialasl.  ^ 


52.   HKinCONETTi.  421 

black,  separated  from  the  collar  by  a.  narrow  white  band  ;  another 
white  band  edgea  the  black  cuilar  below  ;  middlo  of  the  back,  rump, 
and  npper  tail-coverts  black,  with  a.  purple  gloss  ;  lower  parts  deep 
tawny,  becoming  dusky  or  blackish  on  belly  and  &ding  into  a  more 
buOy  or  ochreoos  tint  on  chest,  sides,  and  flanks ;  a  black  roand 
spot  on  each  side  of  the  breast ;  lower  abdomen,  vent,  and  ander 
toil-coverts  black,  the  latter  somewhat  glossy  ;  scapulars  long  and 
narrow,  bent  downwards,  i^losay  blue-black  on  the  outer  web,  satiny 
whitt-  on  the  inner  one,  which  is  very  narrow  ;  all  the  wing-coverts 
and  anterior  scapulars  white ;  speculum  on  the  secondariee  glossy 
blue-black,  edged  with  a  white  band  at  the  tip  ;  tertials  rather 
broad  and  resemble  the  larger  scapulars,  having  the  outer  web  glossy 
blae-black  and  the  inner  one  white;  primaries  blackish  brown; 
under  wing-coverts  white  :  asillaries  white ;  tail  blackish  brown  : 
"  bill  of  a  lead-oolour,  homy  white  at  the  tip  ;  feet  and  toes  dark 
lead-colour,  webs  black-grey  ;  irides  dark  brown  "  (Schrader).  Total 
length  about  IS  inches,  wing  8-5,  tail  4-5,  culmen  1"6,  tarsus  1'4. 

FftiiaJe.  Dark  rufous  brown,  an  iudistinet  collar  round  the  neek 
formed  by  rufous-chestnut  indistinct  bars ;  interscapular  region 
with  irr^ular  rufous-brown  bars,  almost  hidden  on  the  occiput  and 
nape  ;  rump  almost  uniform  dark  brown,  usually  with  indistinct 
rufous  bars  ;  some  irregular  indistinct  bars  on  the  breast ;  abdomen 
and  under  tail-coverts  uniform  brown ;  wings  dark  brown,  speculum 
dark  metallic  blue,  bounded  (as  in  the  male)  anteriorly  by  a  white 
band  at  the  tip  of  the  liistrow  of  upper  wing-coverts,  and  posteriorly 
by  a  similar  band  at  the  tip  of  the  secondaries ;  falcate  tertials 
dusky,  with  the  outer  web  metallic  blue  and  a  silvery-grey  band 
along  the  middle  ;  marginal  under  wing-ooverts  brown,  edged  vrith 
white,  the  inner  ones  with  the  aiLllariea  white  ;  tail  brown. 

Voun/j.  Similar  to  adult  female,  bnt  much  paler  brown  ;  sides  of 
the  hcact  and  throat  dull  whitish  buff,  with  some  dusky  streaks  ; 
tertials  much  less  falcate,  and  speculum  dusky  greyish  brown, 
boanded  anteriorly  by  a  white  band  at  the  tip  of  the  greater  wing- 
ooverts  and  posteriorly  at  the  tip  of  the  secondaries. 

Hob.  Arctic  and  Subarctic  coasts  of  the  Northern  hemisphere, 
breeding  on  the  Varanger  Fjord  (Norway),  in  Russian  Finmark, 
and  from  the  Taimyr  Peninsula  eastward  to  Bering  Strait  and  Alaska. 
It  has  been  found  in  Cumberland  Bay,  in  Disco  Fjord  (Greenland), 
along  the  coasts  of  Kamtachatka,  and  in  the  Eurile  Islands ; 
occasionally  it  straggles  to  the  temperate  portions  of  Europe. 

'To  locality.  Solvin-Qodmsn  CoU. 

celand.  Dr.  Thienemanu  [P.]. 


Norway  iChriitiania  Afui.). 
Vardo,  N.  Norway. 
VuBDger  Fjord,  N.  Norway, 

Uxj  (AfcMtl. 

KuBsian  America. 

I'oint  Barrow,  N.  Alaska, 


Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Oodmsn  Coll. 
Seebohm  CoU. 

Capt  OoUinBon[P.]. 

Salvin-G.draan  Coll. 


m-p.    e  $  imm.  St.  Alichael's,  Alaaka,  Sept.,    SalTm-Oodnwn  OolL 

«t  jttT.  ak.  Oct.  {K  W.  Neltm). 

7,  r,  «.  ({ $  ad.  St.  Paul,  Kodiok  1.,    June    SAlriii-Oodinsn  ColL 

sk.  (W.J.  FUha-). 

t,  *h  V.  (f  $  ad.  TJnalashka  Island,  Dec.   (L.    SalTin-Oodnuut  ColL 

«k.  M.  Turner  ^  M.  W.  Ear- 
nagton). 


53.  AECTOHBTTA.  „,_ 

Lampronetta  (Hiibireii.),  Brandt,  Mtn.  Aead.  St.  PiUrib. 
(6)  (Se.  Nat.)  vi.  1849,  p.  6  (publ.  1847)  [nee  Lampro- 

neiM,  Wagl.)  A.  fischeri. 

Aictonetta,  G.  M.  Or.  P.Z.  S.  1866,  p.  212  (=Umpro- 
aetta,  Brandt). 

Range.  Confined  to  North-weat  America. 

1.  Arctanetta  fischen. 
fUigula  (LamproDetta)  fischeri,  Brandt,  Siim.  Ac.  St.  PHerib.  (6) 

Ti.  (1849)  pp.  6,  10,  14,  ri.  i.  ff.  1-4  (1847)  •. 
SoroBteria  fiacheri,  O.  E.  Gr.  Oen.  B.,  App.  p.  28  (1849) ;  Eyt.  ^n. 

Anal.  p.  106  (1809) ;  Couet,  Key  N.  Am.  B.  p.  292  (1873) ;  id. 

(»«<*-&(,  n.  612  (1873);  <d.  B.  N.-Wett,  p.  680   (1874);   id. 

Chtek-liA,  2nd  ed.  p.  116,  n.  732  (1882) ;  Sound.  Ibit,  1883, p.  348. 
Lampronetta  tischeri,  G.  R.  Or.  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  211,  pi.  criii.  ( cf ,  S , 

&  joung   dli  Bp.   Compt.  Bend,  iliii.p.   660,  n.   126  (1866); 

Batrd,  B.  N.  Am.  p.  803  (1858)  ;  la.   Cat.  JV.   Am.    " 

ae69)i  EUiot,  Iliuttr.  B.  o/r 

DaU  &  Bonn.  Tr.  Chte.  Acad,  i 

Acad.  T.  p.  30  (1873)  ;   Adams,  Jb'ia,  18; 

1880,  ^.  oiS  ;  Jiidffti:  Ntnn.  a:  Am    " 


I 


I 


54.    80MATEBIV  423 

AdvH  male.  On  the  orbital  region  a  satinj  white  pad,  bordered 
1^  a  velvety  black  edge,  broader  anteriorly  and  posteriorly  than 
Above,  wanting  below ;  lores  and  forehead  covered  by  stiffened 
feathers,  white  anteriorly,  shading  into  otire-green,  and  this  into 
light  greenish  buff ;  crown  and  occiput  covered  by  a  cowl  or  hood  of 
pendent,  atiffened,  hair-like  featheia  of  a  light  olive-green  colour; 
a  broad  stripe  of  darker  green  beneath  the  eye ;  throat,  neck,  back, 
■mailer  upper  wing-ooverts,  scapulars,  and  falcated  tortials  white; 
lower  back,  rump,  upper  tail-coverts,  and  lower  part^  dark  smoky 
grey  ;  a  patch  on  each  side  of  rump  white  ;  greater  wing-coverts  and 
quills  brown,  edge  of  the  wing  and  under  wing-oovt^rts  pale  brown : 
ImI  brown  :  "iris  bright  milky  white ;  feet  and  legs  dull  olive- 
brown,  except  the  scales  in  front  of  tarsus,  which  are  dingy 
yellowish ;  bill  dull  orange  "  {DIelton).  Total  length  about  21-5 
inches,  wing  10,  tail  3,  culmen  1,  tarsus  1-7. 

Adidf  fcmaU.  Above  barred  with  tulvoua  and  black  ;  lower  part* 
similar,  the  abdomen,  however,  plain  greyish  brown  ;  head  and 
neck  light  greyish  buff,  finely  streaked  with  dusky,  the  throat,  how- 
ever, nearly  immaculate ;  there  is  a  slight  indication  of  the  pad 
ronod  the  eyes,  and  the  feathers  of  the  lores  and  forehead  have 
quite  a  velvety  texture ;  quills  and  greater  coverts  brown,  the  latter 
like  the  secondaries  tipped  with  whitish :  ''  bill  dull  blue  ;  feet  and 
torsi  dull  yellowish  brown  "  (Nelton). 

Young.  Similar  to  the  female  :  "  bill  dark  olive-brown  ;  legs  and 
feet  dull  yellowish,  shaded  with  olive-brown  "  (A>/«ui). 

Yon>ig  in  down.  Grown,  paler  and  more  grepsh  brown  below; 
there  is  already  indicated  the  peculiar  ring  round  the  eyes. 

Ball.  Coast  of  Alaska,  from  Norton  Sound  to  Point  Harrow. 


6.  $  ad.  sL 


Northern   Sound.   N.W.     Vov.of  H.M.S.'Eotermiso.' 
America  (Admm).  (apecinienfiguredbyGray, 

P.  Z,  S,  1866,  pi.  106.) 
Northern  Sound,  N.W.    Vov,  of  H.M .8.  ■Enterprise.' 
America  (Adanu).  (Type  of  female's  descrip.. 

Gray,  P.Z.S.  1855,  p.  212, 
pi.  108.) 
e~o.iS  2ad.,juv.,  St.Michaers, Alaska, June-  Salvin-Qodman  CoU. 

et  pull.  ak.  Sept.  [£.   W.  Nehan). 

B.  S  ad.  sk.  Andrell^kv,  Alaska,  June    Salvin-Godmon  Coll. 

(if.  W.'Nflaon). 
Q.  2iuv.  ak.  Stewart's  IsUnd,  Alfukii,    SalTin-Oodman  Coll. 

Sept.  (E.  W.  NeUim). 


54.  SOMATEBIA. 


Typ.. 


Somnt^ria,    Learh    in    liot»'>    Fuy.   Ditfos.,    Append, 

p.  siviii  (I§I9)  a.  mollLBsima. 

Ouiim  Merrem,  in  ErtcJt  «.  Oruber'n  Bneyd.  iii.  p,  471 

(1819)  (e.r  Rin. /fi»/.na(.  Libr.  10,  Cap.  aaj 8.  inollissinia. 

Plaiypos,  jSriAm,  Lehrb.  NaLeur.  ii,  Fc^. p. 805(1824) 

( =3omat«ria,  part.). 
G^aza.,  "  Mrrretn"  {rrrore),0.  R.  Or.   Hand-litl,io. 

p.  88  (1871). 


424  AHAIID^ 

Erionetta  (nibgen.])  Ooua,  Key  N.  Amtr.  B.  Slid  «d. 
p.  709  (1884) S.  ipeetahilia. 

Sange.  Confloed  to  Arctic  and  Sabarctic  regions. 

Kty  to  the  Speeiei. 

a.  Anterior  point  of  feathering  on  forehend  reaching 

a^Qt  Iialfna;  from  Ihe  poiat  of  the  naked 

frontal   angles   to  no«trilBj   feathering  of  lores 

extending  forward  to  beneath  the  middle  or 

poBterior  end  of  nostrils.     MaUi  with  Bcapulars 

and  tertials  white ;  the  upper  half  of  the  head 

chiefly  black. 

a'.  Nahed  frontal  angles  broad,  and  terminating  in 

a  broad  round  end.      Male  with  the  throat 

entirely  white  (but  some  ipecimens  with   a 

trace  of  a  V-^^pod  dusky  marh) ;  black  of 

head  bordered  beneath  by  pale  green  for  nearly 

its  entire  len^h dreiteri,  p.  424. 

b'.  Naked  frontal  angles  narrow  and  more  or  less 
pointed. 
a".  Throat  of  the  adu^  maie   entirely   white; 
black  of  head  with  no  green  border  beneath, 

except  on  the  occiput  molUuinui,  p.42S. 

b".  Throat  of  the  adult  with  a  large  V-s'i&P^ 

mark  of  black    ti^^/nmt,  p.  430. 

i.  Anterior  point  of  feathering  on  forehead  reaching 
as  far  as  posterior  end  of  noatrils.  Adult  maleM 
with  lateral  base  of  upper  mandible  enlarged 
into  a  very  conS]acnous  broad  naked  lobe  (subgen. 
Erionetta) ;  upper  part  of  the  head  light  bluish 
grey ;  thniat  with  a  V-^hsped  black  mark,  as  in 
the  male  of  S.  v-niffrum  tpeetabilit,  p.  432. 


54.    BOMAIESIA. 

p.  88,  n.  10706  (pwl)  (1871);  Coutt,  Key  2f.  Am.  B.  p.  293, 

D.  613  (part.)  (187^). 
Fuligula  Bpectabiiis  x  Fuligula  moUisdoia,  Sely»,  Bull.   Ae.   Boy. 

Bruz.  xxiiL  2,  p.  16  (Newfoundland)  (1856). 
Somatem  dressen,  Sharpe,  Ann.  S(  Mag.  N.  H.  (4)  vjii.  pp.  51,  f>-2, 

t.  2  (head)  (N.  Amenca)  (1877)  :    SAarpe  ^  Dree:  B.  of  Eur. 

\\.  p.  842.  i.  -i  (head)  (1871)  ;  B.,  B.,  ^  R.  WaUr-B.  N.  Am.  W. 

^76  (1884) ;  Saundert,  YmreWs  Jlisl.  Brit.  Ji.  ir.  p.  459  (1884- 
);  A.O.  U.  CAeck-lwt  N.  Am.  B.  p.  122,  n.  100  (1886); 
MhtB.  Man.  If.  Am.  B.  p.  110  (1887) ;  ShiMdt,  Pr.  U.  S.  Xaf. 
Mtu.  xi.  pp.  232  and  foU.,  E  8,  11, 12.  13, 14  (aat«glog?)  (18B8) ; 
WhiU,  Auk,  1890,  p.  204  (Ottawa,  Canada);  Mackay,  Avk, 
1890,  pp.  315-310,  1^,  p.  305;  W.  8.  J.,  FareA  aiid  Strtam, 
1893,  p.  96  (Maine) ;  Maetixty,  Auk,  1893,  pp.  77,  24S,  870,  1894, 
p.  223  (MoasachuHetlB) ;  Whitfirld,  ibid.  p.  323. 
SoDUtteria   molliMma,   var.  dr^seri,   Comi,   B.    JV.-  Wat,   p.   S60 

(1874). 
Somateria  mollisdma  dresseri,  Eidgw.  Pr.  U.S.  Nal.  Mum.  iii.  pp.  206, 
222  (1880) ;  id.  Nam.  N.  Am.  B.  n.  027  a  (1831) ;  Couet,  Ckeck- 
/M(,2Qded.  p.  110,  n.  734  (1882);  StearM,  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mum. 
1883,  p.  120  (Labrador) ;  Couei,  Key  N.  Am.  B.  2nd  ed.  p.  712. 
n.  734,  f.  2,  p.  708  (1884) ;  S«*.  Hiit.  BrU.  B.  iii.  p.  616  (1885) ; 
Ncirl.  J.f.  n.  1885,  p.  148  (Luke  Mithigan). 

Adult  Ttiale.  Similar  to  that  of  S.  niollisaima,  but  with  angles  on 
aides  of  forehead  broad  and  rounded,  instead  of  narrow  and  pointed ; 
black  of  head  bordered  beneath  by  palo  green  for  nearly  ita  entire 
length ;  throat,  in  some  specimens,  with  a  trace  of  a  V-shaped 
dusky  mark:  bill  from  posterior  end  of  noatril  1-35-1-48  inches, 
angle  from  anterior  extremity  of  loral  feathering  l'7a--,  ite  width 
across  not  less  than  -45,  depth  of  upper  mandible  at  frontal  apex 
1-1-28. 

Adult  fcmalf.  Similar  to  that  of  S.  mollistiTna  :  bill  from  posterior 
end  of  nostril  l-;{2  inches,  angle  1*87,  width  Q'22  ;  depth  of  upper 
mandible  0-78. 

HiA.  Atlantic  coast  of  North  America,  from  Maine  to  Newfound- 
land and  Bouthern  Labrador  ;  south,  in  winter,  to  the  Delaware  and 
the  Great  Z^es. 

a.  a  bA.  sk.         Bay  of  Fiindj  {H.  E.  Drauer).     Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

b.  rf  ad.  sk.         Boston   .M.irket,   Jan.    (H.    W.     SalTin-Godman  Coll. 

Heiakaw). 

c.  <J  jus.  sL         N.  America.  Old  Coll. 


2.  Somatsria  molliasima. 
The  Eider  Duck. 

-Inas  s.  cutbttrti  ».  faraensis,  Wiltugh.  Om.  p.  278,  t.  76  (  2 ). 
Anter  lanuginoaua  lire  Eider,  Briu.  Om.  vi.  p.  294,  pis.  nil.   ( tf ), 

«i.(2)(ir60). 
Eder  fuglens,  Briinn.  Eder  Fufflau  bfikritieln,  pp.  1-60  (1763). 
Aata   mQllis.iima.   Linn.  S.   N.   i.  p.    198,  n.    15   (1766)  i    PMppi, 

Voyage,  App.  p.  186  (Spitsbergen)  (1774) ;  Sparrm.  Mm.  CarlKm. 

faae.  1. 1.  6  (iuD.)  (1786);  Gm.  &  N.  i.  2,  p.  514,  n.  15  (1788); 

Zath.  Ind.   Om.  ii.  p.  845,  n.  3S  (1790);    Temm.  Man.  dOn,. 


p.  549  (part.)  (1815) ;  Vieill.  If.  D.  t.  p.  113  fpart,)  (1816) ;  Dmn. 

Dkt.  St.  Nat  xW.  p.  271  (part.)  (1810);  Teirnn.   Man.  iTOnt. 

2nd  ed.  ii.  p.  848  (1830) ;  Scoreiini,  Ace.  of  the  Arct.  lUg.  *c.  i. 

_    ™,„.r,  .  „„,^,     „,       „    ■■^■-  -„.  p.  68(1822): 

r  Narrat,,  App, 

!HaH.tfOn,.  u        "'  ' 

19  (part.)  (1831)  ;  Temm.  Man. 

.  p.  541   (ItflO) ;  Naum.    Fog.  DtuUeAl.  sii.  p.   252,  T»f.   321, 

322   (1844)  :  ScAliff.  Hev.  Crit.  p.  cxvi  (1844) ;  Oirb.  Thes.  Ora. 

i.  p.  357  (pari.)  (1H72). 
Oie  B  duvBt,  oa  Eider,  IfAvbrnt.  PL  ^l.  n.  309  ((f),  308  (?) 

(17—) :  Buff.  Sist.  Nat.  Oil.  is.  p.  103,  pi.  6  (1763). 
mder  or  Cuthbert  Duck,  F^n.  Snt.  Ztmi.  ii.  d.  271,  pi.  95  (1770)  i 

Lath.  Sjfli.  iii.  2,  p.  470,  n.  20  (1785). 
Anser  septentrianalis,  Gerini,  Stor.  deffli  Ua>.  t.  clzii.  (1776). 
Anser  mdlissimus,  Bonn.  Enc.  MUk.  i.  p.  119,  pi.  SA.  f.  2  (1790). 
Anas  cuthberti,  part.,  Pall.  Zuoffr.  Mauo-.4».  ii.  p,  335  (1811). 
ADser  lantiginrieus,  LeacA,  Sgat.  Cat.  Mamm.  ^  B.  Brit.  Mitt.  p.  37 

(1816). 
Somateria    (Cutbert'a    Eider),   Letich,   in    Ross's   Vny.   Di»c.,  App. 

p.  ilTiii(1810). 
Somateria  molliuima,  Flem.  PhU.  of  Zool.  ii.  p.  360  (1822) ;  Bote, 

l$i»,  1822,  p.  564 ;  Steph.  Gen.  Zool.  sii.  2,  p.  224,  pi.  60  (1824) ; 

Jen.  Man.  p.  327  (1835) ;  Lafrem.  £cho  du  Moade  tnv.  no.  3,  1836, 

p.  5  {ef.  Lett.  Compl.  de  Bnf.  3nd  ed.  p.  720,  1838)  ;  GtnM,   B. 

Eur.  V.  pi.  874  (1837) ;  Sic.  Oat*.  B.  ii.  p.  368  (1837) ;  Bp.  Cotm. 

iw(,  p.  57,  n.  4111(1838);  Rep.  Counc.  Z.  S  1839, p.  39;  K.^B. 

WirbfUA.  Eur.  pp.  Ixxxri,  228  (1840) ;  GuUiv.  P.Z.S.  1842,  p.  72 


Ge>.  Mm.  p.  120  (1844) ;  G.  R.  Gr. 
(part.)  (1844)  i  id.  Gen.  B.  '" 
Rchnh.  %t.  Av.  " 
B.  Mui.  A.  S. 

Snid.  xliii.  p.  h 
(Svlt) ;  Evans  . 


_.  'Brit.  Mm.  iii.  p.  141 
1  (BTQ.  emend.)  (1844) ; 

KatRtorea,  t.  8.^.  ft.  162-153  (1845) ;  BfytA,  Oat. 

.  p,  307,  n.  1791  (1849) ;  Scknd.  Av.  Si/it.  Nat. 

iiAt.  Nomencl.  An.  p.  103  (1864) ;  Bp.   Conmt. 

,  n.  123  (1866) ;  Safn,  Naumannia,  1867,  ii.  p.  12$ 

, , ,  Stiuyt,  l/>is,  1859,  p.  167  (Spitsbergen) ;   TorM. 

Bldr.  till  &»•(**«■.  Molbukf.  de.  p.  67  (Spitsbflrgen)  (1850) ;  Q.  B. 
Gr.  List  Brit.  B.^.  205  {\Sm);  Malmgr.  (Efv.  K.  Vet.-Ah.Mrh. 
1863,  p.  109  (Spitsbergen);  id.  J.  f.  0.  "186.3,  p.  380;  Newt. 
P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  495 ;  Mere,  Hit,  1865,  p.  444  (Great  BritMn) ; 
A.  Newt.  Ibit,  1866,  p.  515  (Sjwtsbergen) ;  Oumingh.  B>it,  ISm. 
p.  16 ;  Baird,  Ibit.  1867,  p.  286  (part.) ;  Dej/l.  ^  Gerbe,  Om.  Eu,: 
11.  p.  555  (1867) ;  ?  Drmtf,  J.f.  O.  1868,  p.  44  (Borkum) ;  So 

~ ~ j. :  breeding) ;  JWaeA, /./.  O. 

l  p.  97  (Lofoten) ;  S.  MiUkr. 
ibid.  p.  347  (Farcw) ;  Gould,  B.  of  Great  Brit.  \.  pi.  26  (1870) ; 
GiUett,  Ibit,  1870,  p.  309  (Nowaja-Semlia) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Uand-lnt. 
iii.  p.  88,  n.  10706  (part.)  (1871) ;  ^arpe.  Aim.  ^  Mag.  N.  H.  (J) 
Tiii.  pp.  51,  52,  f.  1  (head)  (1871) ;  Sitarpe  ^  Dreu.  B.  Bttr.  vi, 
p.  620,  pi.  446  (1871) ;  SaUad.  Fa*m.  tCltai.,  Uec.  p.  268  (1872) ; 
aundev.  Meth.  nat.  An.  dim.  Tent.  p.  140  (1872) ;  FiUd.  Zoolog. 
1872,  p.  32.54  (Faeroe) ;  iteugl.  Ibi*,  1872,  p.  03  (Novaja  Zemlia) : 
id.  J.f.  O.  1872,  p.  123  (Novaja  Seiolja) ;  FriUci.  J.  f  0. 1872, 
p.  372  (Bohemia) ;  Fintdi,  Ztceite  DeuCichf  Nordpolfahrt,  ii.  Vdg. 
p.  209  (1873) ;  iWw/.  m$,  1874,  p.  403  (N.  FiiBian  I.) ;  Hen-' 
JUii.  Nordpolarjiuir,  iii.  p.  137  (1874);  Cord.  Ih»,  1875,  p.  ■" 
(HeligoLmd) ;  ScliU.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  628 ;  Brandt,  J.f.  0. 1 


54.    flOMATBBIA. 


497 


p.  349  (note) ;  — P  J. /■.  0. 1880,  p.  404  (Svlt) ;  Gi>(. /6w,  1881 ,  p.  21 5 
hwlyt  i  T-Khiui Si  SchmidA.  J./.  O.  1881,  p.  212  (E.  Hungary) ; 
Jtchnw.  Om.  CentrtdhL  1882,  p.  l«\  id.  Viig.  zool.  Giirt.  p.  49 
(ISSd);  Seeb.  IbU,  1882,  p.  383  (Archwifret) ;  Neale,  P.  Z.  8. 
1B82,  p.  U.54  (Franz  Josef  Land) ;  Saiv.  Cat.  B.  Strickl  Coll. 
p.  530  (1882) ;  J?.  O.  U.  Liit  Brit.  B.  p.  134  (1883) ;  Sclat.  Litt 
Ta-t.  Alt.  etii  ed.  p.  441  (1883) ;  Ni«ni,  Atti  Sac.  ItaL  Se.  Nat. 
xiTi.  p.  lUO  (Venetian)  (1883);  Frittch,  MT.  on.  Vef.  Wien. 
1884,  p.  31  (PiUeu) ;  Sound.  Yarreltt  Hiit.  SrH.  S.  iv.  p.  i67 
(ie84-86j;  Dbim,  Ibit,  ie85,  p.  87  (St.  Kilda);  Myiitomcs,  MT. 
<mi.  Ver.  Wim,  1885,  p.  6  (Styria) ;  Serb. But. Brit.  B. ii^P. 018, 
pi.  59  (egg)  (1886);  Saivad.£l.  Utx.  ItaJ.  p.  Sm  [lim) ;  Barting, 
Zootbg.  1887,  p.  256  (Iceland) ;  Sdtal.  7.  f.  O.  1887,  p.  187 
(Jonalel.)  ;  BarUit,  ibid.  p.  268  (UusBcldorfj ;  Hartwig.  J.f.  O. 
188H,  p.  14«  (North  Cap);  Tritlr.  Cal.  Coll.  A  p.  47  (1889); 
Miu/aud  iTAtibuMon,  BuU.  Soc.  Acclim.  1889.  pp.  890-901 ;  Sehal. 
Jl/O.  1890,p.9;  fieAnw.  iSirf,  p.  83 ;  H^afer,  iJirf.  pp.  234,235, 
236,  237, 238,  239,24^  245,  247, 249, 252  (E. Spitsbergen);  .Ewin*, 
Jbit,  1891,  p.  73  (incubation) :  l^drkk.  ibid.  p.  391  (rosail) : 
UaHert,  Kat.  Vogdiamnd.  p.  233  (1891);  Sharpe,  Cat.  Otteol. 
Spec.  Coll.  Surg.  iii.  p.  307  (1801) ;  Seeb.  Ibit,  1892,  p.  28  (Heli- 
goland) ;  Uarttrt,  tbid.  p,  510 ;  Zii/ord,  CoL  Fig.  Brit.  S.vt.  xxn. 
pi.  —  (18S2) ;  Biagg,  Jbii,  1803,  p.  354  (SlieUand) ;  Aart.  ^ 
Bidte.  Ibis,  1894,  p.  233  (N.  Norway) ;  CoUett,  Mindre  Medd.  vedr. 
Sorgea  Fw/lff.  1881-92,  p.  27T  (1804). 

PUtypufl  molliBsimHs,  Brthm,  Lehrb.  rur.  Vbg.  p.  809  (1824);  id. 
Omis,  i.  p.  38(1624);  id.  IsU,  182U,  p.  993;  Schilling,  J./.  O. 
1853,  p.  377. 

Somatena  danica,  Brekm,  Itia,  1830,  p.  998,  n.  1 ;  id.  Tog.  DeuiicAI. 
V.  890  (1831)  (Dnniah  Mauds);  «f.  A'aumamtia,  1685,  p.  299; 
id.  Ftye;/.  p.  388  (1855). 

Somateria  norwegica,  Brthm,  Itii,  1830,  p.  098,  n.  2  (Norway) ;  id. 
VSg.  DcuUchl.  pp.  802,  1035,  Tftf.  xliii.  f.  1  (dad.  in  autumu) 
(1831) ;  id.  Naumanma,  1855,  p.  290. 

Sooiateria  plstyuros,  Brthm,  Itii,  1830,  p.  998,  n,  3;  id.  Vog. 
DeuUchl.  p.  892  (1831)  (Helsiogfora  in  winter) ;  id.  Ifaimaimta, 
1856,  p.  299  ;  id.  Vngeif.  p.  389  (1855). 

Somateria  faeroeeuraa,  Brdtm,  I$ia,  1830,  p.  998,  a.  i;  id.  VSu. 
DeuUchl.  p.  893  (1831)  (Faroe  lal.);  id.  Naumannia,  1855,  p.  20)1. 

Somateria  megauros,  Brthm,  Iii»,  1830,  p.  998,  a.  5;  id.  Viig. 
JJeutirhl.  p.  894  (1831)  (Insein  dee  Mhr  liohen  Norden). 

SomftteriH  islondica,  Brehm,  liii,  1830,  p.  096.  n.  U  (Iceland) ;  id, 
Viig.  DeuUc&l.  p.  695  (1831)  (Iceland);  ti^.  A'aunumnia,  185-}, 
p.  209. 

Somateria  Bt.  eutbberti,  £gt.  Cat.  Brit.  B.  p.  58  (1836) ;  id.  Mvi. 
Ama.  p.  140  (1838);  id.  Sun.  Anat.n.  100  (1869). 

Fuligula  molli«imft,  Setyf-L.  Fam.  Belg.  i.  p.  143  (1843);  Degl. 
Om.  E«r.  ii.  p.  463  (1^9);  Sthltg.  Mui.  P.-B.,  An-*reB,  p.  14 
(part)  (1866);  Pd>Hin,J./.  O.  1876,  p.  67  (Finland);  Wallen- 
grm,  J.f.  O.  1893,  p.  168  (Sweden). 

Somateria  apectablliB,  Beerh.  (nee  Linn.)  Vog.  of  Ditcoverg  etc. 
p.  100  (Spitsbergen)  (184.')). 

Fulig"'"  (S,imatena)  rooUiBsima,  Brandt,  M4m.  Ac.  St.  Piterib.  (li) 
Ti.  (1849)  p.  5(1847). 

Somateria  molliasima,  vnr.,  Malmgr.  <Efe.  K.  Vet.-Ak.  Ftirh.  1804, 
p.  309 ;  vi.  J.f.  O.  1865,  p.  214  (Spilabergen). 

Somateria  tbuleDsis,  Malmgr.  (Efe.  K.  Vtt.-Ak.  PSrh.  1864,  p.  380; 


id,  J.  /.  O.  1865,  p.  396  (SpiUber(Kin) ;  A.  Newt.  J.  f.  0. 1867, 
p,  310;  fl«fli.  J,f.  O.  ISn,  pp.  88,98, 101, 106  (W.  Spitebergea) ; 
id.  Petmm.  Geoar.  Mitth.    1871.  pp.  69.  65;  Hmgl.  Sett.  n.  d. 

Nordpolannfir,  i.  p.  103,  iii.  p.  137  (1874). 

Fo'-  America  (Somateria  borealis). 

Great  Hlack  nnd  White  Duck,  Edw.  Nat.  Hilt,  of  B.  i.  p.  08,  pL  98 

(1750)  (OreunJaad). 
Anns  matron  nigrn  ft  niba,  Etlw.  op.  cit.  p,  128,  n,  98  (1760). 
AniiB  moiliwinifv,  part.,  &tbine,  Tr.  Linn.  Soc.  sii.  2,  p.  654,  pi.  30. 

If.  1,  2  (tncheit)  (1818)  (GrseiiUnd). 
Platypus  borealifl,  BrtAm,  LeArb.  evr.  FHif.  p.  813  (1824)  (CoMts  of 

BalliD's  liaj  and  Davis's  Stniit) ;  id.  Ornii,  i.  p.  38  (1824)  ;  td 

Itu,  1826,  p.  095  (Ictland). 
Plati-pus  leideri,  Brehnt,   Onia,  i.  p.  28  (1824)   (Greenland);  ^. 

B«l/.  Sc.  Nat.  X.  p.  151  (1827);  Le*i.  Comjd.  de  Buff.,   Oil.  ix. 

p.  633  (1837) ;  id.  op.  oU.  Sod  ed.  p.  720  (Ift-fe). 
Somateria  borefOis.   Brehm,   Itit,    1830,   p.   908.   a.   7  ;    id.    Vog. 

Dnittcht.  p.  896  (1831);   id.  Naumannia,  1866,  p.  299;  AIUm, 

Auk,  1893,  p.  123. 
Somateria  leiBleri,  BriAm,,  Itii,  1830,  p.  998,  it.8;  id.  riy.  DeiittehL 

p.  896  (Ureenland)  (1831):  id.  Naumannia,  1866,  p.  2M;  id. 

Vogel/.p.3SS{imS). 
Somateria  planifrona,  Brehm,  /m,  1830,  p.  998,  n.  9  ;    id.    Vog. 

DentaeM.   p,   897    (Gwenliind)    (1831)  ;    id.   Naumannia,   1856, 

p.  290;  id.  Voptlf.  p.  388  (1855). 
Somateria   iiioUii«ima,    HoUmlt,   Kroi/er'n    Natiirhigt.    Tidsfcr.    iv, 

p.44fi(]843)(Grepjilaiid);  id-  Fauna  Gronlandt  (Pauhm  trantl) 

p.  73  (1846)  ;  id.  On.  Beitr.  Fam.  Griinl.  p.  60  (1864) ;  Baird. 

B.  A',  ^m.  p.  809  (part)  (1858) ;  W.  Cot.  A'.^m.  B.n.  600  (part.) 

(1859);  ii>mA.  (RffXmn.)  JAu,  18m,p.l4  (Qre«Dland);  BlalMt. 

Ibi»,   1863,  p.  150  (lIudeoD's  Bay)  ;   Baird,  Ibit,   1867,  p.  286 

(part.):    Jrown,  P.  Z.  *.  1868,  p.  360 ;    Harling,  P.  Z.  8.  \ST\. 

p.  118  (Baffin's  Bay) ;  Couet,  Key  N.  Am.  B.  p.  303,  n.  518  (paH.) 

(18721 ;  FtUd.  P.  Z.  S.  1877,  p.  29  (Norman-Lockver  I.) ;  id.  Ibi$, 

1877,  p.  411;  Kumlien,  Bull.  F.S.  JVoC  Jlfw.  no,  "l5,p,  80  (Cnni- 

bwrland  Gulf)  (1879);   Bidgw.  Pr.    U.S.   Jfeif.  Mus.  iii.   p.   204 

(1880);  id.  Nom.  N.  Am.  B.  n.  627  (1881);   Coue*,  Chtck-tiit, 

2nd  ed.  p.  16,  n.  733  (1882) ;  t^.  Key  N.  Am.  B.  2nd  ed.  p.  710 

(1884) ;  S.,  B.,  ^  R.  Wattr-B.  If.  Am.  ii.  p.  73  (1884) ;  A.  O.  U. 

Check-lUi  N.  A.  B.  p.  122,  n.  158  (pwl,)  (1886). 
Somuteria  tnolliatdma  borealis,  A.  E.  Brehm,  Ven.  Sammi.  •ur.  Viig. 

p.  14  (1866) ;  Bidgw.  Man.  N.  Am.  B.  p.  109  (1887) ;  A.  0.  U. 

(^ck-tid  N.  Am.  B.,  Supplement,  p.  20,  n.  159  (1889). 
FuUgula  iiiolliasima,  part.,  Scklrg.  Mia.  P.-B.,  Anseres,  p.  14,  spec.  2, 

3,  7  (1866). 

Adult  male.  Upper  part  of  the  head  deep  velvety  black,  witi  a, 
lino  of  white  dividing  the  centre  of  the  crown  from  the  level  of  the 
eye  to  the  napo;  na|ie  and  hinder  part  of  the  auricular  region 
covered  with  stiff  feathers  of  a  pale  aea-grecn  ;  chocks,  neck. 
back,  and  scapulars  white;  lower  part  of  the  centre  of  the 
back,  rump,  and  upper  tail-coverte  black  ;  throat  while,  gradually 
shading  into  yellowish  buff  on  the  lower  port  of  the  fore-nock  and 
upper  breast ;  rest  of  the  under  surface  of  the  body  black,  vitli  a 


1 


oonapicDOns  white  patch  on  citJier  aide  of  the  rump;  amaller  and 
median  wmg-coverts  white,  th«  greater  coverts  like  the  secondaries 
brown-black,  primariea  slighlly  poler;  inner  secondariea  white, 
broadly  edged  with  brown-black  on  the  outer  weh ;  tertUls  white, 
alightly  lalcatod ;  marginal  under  wing-covert«  pale  brown,  edged 
with  white,  the  central  ones  and  axiilaries  white ;  tail  greyish 
brown :  bili  dull  olive-grccn,  almost  olive-yellow  in  old  birds,  nail 
Drownish  white ;  feet  light  oLve-green,  daws  brownish  black ;  iris 
Urown.  Total  length  about  22  inches,  wing  12,  tail  5,  culmen  2-:;. 
tarsus  l-a. 

Female.  General  plumage  pale  rufoos-browu,  head  and  neck  with 
narrow  black  streaks  along  the  centres  of  the  feathers,  but  the 
upper  part  of  the  head  blacker ;  upper  and  under  patta  banded  with 
black  and  nifous-brown ;  the  black  bands  on  the  back  broader ; 
greater  wing-coverts  and  secondaries  uniform  dark  brown,  with 
narrow  white  tips,  forming  two  white  alar  bars  ;  under  wing- 
Gorerts  brown,  edged  with  ruibus,  the  central  ones  and  axiUaiios 
dull  grey;  primaries  and  tail-leathers  dark  brown;  abdomen 
almost  uniform  bruwn  :  bill  and  feet  as  in  the  male. 

Young  in  first  j>luinag«  closely  resemble  adtilt  females,  but  the 
two  white  alar  bars  are  very  indistinct,  and  the  margins  of  all  the 
leathers  are  grey  instead  of  brown -chestnut.  Malt*  may  be  distin- 
guished fxoai /tJiiaUs  by  the  nearly  black  sides  of  tbeix  heads. 

MaUe  iitjiret  nuptial  dreta  may  he  distingttished  by  the  remains 
of  greyish-brown  feathers  on  both  the  white  and  black  parts. 

Jfuie*  in  mouUing-drfts  closely  resemble  males  in  first  plumage, 
but  generally  have  some  white  and  black  feathers  ot  the  nuptial 
dress  remaining. 

youru/  in  down  have  the  upper  parta  dark  brown,  and  the  nnder- 
porta,  as  well  as  a  broad  streak  over  each  eye,  pale  brown. 

The  American  Eider  Buck,  so  far  as  1  can  see,  is  scarcely 
different  from  the  European ;  but,  according  to  Mr.  Bidgway, 
it  differs  in  having  the  "  bill  orange-yellowish  in  life ;  the  breast 
paler  bud,  the  tertials  more  tulcate."  As  to  the  dimensions  of  the 
Qill,  I  cannot  find  that  there  is  any  constant  diil'ercnce. 

Hab.  Arctic  regions  of  the  Western  Fahearctic  Region,  from 
Iceland  eastwarda  as  far  as  the  shores  of  the  Kara  ^Bi  it  migrates 
in  winter  to  the  Baltic,  the  shores  of  the  North  Sea,  and  the 
English  Channel ;  occasionally  straying  to  Southern  Europe.  The 
Nearctic  lonn,  doubtfully  distinct,  inhabits  Eastern  Arctic  America, 
including  tireeuland  ;  south  to  Northern  Labrador  in  summer,  and 
to  the  northern  boundaries  of  United  States  in  winter. 

Purchased. 
Purchased. 
Theodore  Fisher,  Esq 

[P.} 
Purchased. 


/,jf.  $«d.et  ,J 

A,  i,k.  dk  ^■ 

el  puU.  St. 
/.  (fjav.sk. 


No  locality. 

Reawick,  Sbetlands,  Aug. 

Damsa  Holm,  Orkneys. 

StromnesB,  Orkney.'^,  Oct. 
(J.  H.  DiaiH). 


Seobuhm  ColL 


StromneM,  OrknejB,  June 

(J.  H.  Dunn). 
St.  Hilda,  June  (C.  Dixon). 
StEilda. 


p,  9.  (f  $  ad.  at     South  Uiat 


r,  *.  tj  S  ad.  at 
t.  S  tA.tk. 
u.  $  ad.  Bk. 
e,  «,  J.  (T  2  ad. 

et  pull.  ek. 
y. ,;  ad.  Bk. 
>.  <;  ad.  at 
o',4'.  cJS«l.Hk 
c'.  cJ  juT.  dk. 

tt,t',f'.  Skeletona. 
jf'-M'.  St«ma. 


Island  of  Coll,  May. 
Fum  la.,  March. 
lieHdnell,  March, 
liodo,  Norway. 

Lat79''30'>!.,'Long.4'>E. 
Spitabergen. 
Spitsbergen,  Jul^,  Aug. 
Nameless  Day,  INoTa  Zembla, 


Seebohm  Coll. 
Theodore  Walker, 

TTiBQdoie  HValkM, 

Esq.  [P.]. 
Colonel  Irby  [P.]- 
Seebohm  Colt 
Seebohm  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Capt.  D.  Gray  [PJ. 
The  Admiralty  [P.]. 
McCormick  Bequoai. 


H.  Lefebvre  Colt. 


9'.  $  ad.  ek. 
r'.  tj  ad.  at. 
J.  S  ad.  ak. 


N.  America. 
Repulse  Bay. 
Cape   Fnuer,   Aug.    (H.     1 

Feilden). 
Doblnn    Bay,    Sept    (H. 


Old  Coll. 

H.  J.    Elwea,    Eaq. 

RB.'Roa8,E«|.[P.l. 
Dr.J.  Ra«pa 
Voy.  H.M.S.  'Alert' 

Voy.  H.M.S.  'Alert' 

Voy.  H.M.S. 'Alert' 

Salrin-Qodman  OoU. 


54.    BOMAXB&IA. 


431 


(1862) !  EBiot,  lUuttr.  Am.  B.  pi.  48.  (pta.  liv.,  iv.,  1869} ;  Dofl 
$■  Bana.  Tr.  Okie.  Acad.  i.  p.  300  (1869);  Coue»,  Kty,  p.  293 
(1872)  ;  id.  Cheek-luC,  a.  6U  {1873)  ;  id.  B.  N.-  Wat,  p.  681 
(1874);  Doll,  All/.  Aleut.  Ul  U«al.  wala.p.7  (1874);  SidyK. 
Worn.  N.  Am.  B.  n.  628  (1881) ;  Coua,  Chtek-Hst,  2nd  ed.  p.  116, 
n.  736  (1882) ;  Sean,  Pr.  U.S.  A'at.  Mu».  1882,  p.  167;  fSteami, 
Pr.  tT.8.  Nat.  Mia.  1883,  p.  121  (Labrador);  Neltrni,  Cnt>*e 
'ConcB,' p.  101  (1883);  Saund.  FarreiCs  Silt.  Brit.  S.iv.f.  459 
(1684-85) ;  Seeb.  Hut.  Brit.  B.  iii.  p.  617  (1885) ;  Turner,  Auk, 
1885,  p.  158;  Stfjn.  Bull.  U.S.  Hat.  Mui.  no.  29,  p.  173,  pi,  to. 
i.  3  (head,  Copper  Island)  (188.^)  ;  Murdoch,  Exped.  to  Point 
BarroK,  Ata»ka,  p.  110  (1886) ;  Mattchie  u.  Ziimer,  J.f.  O.  1886, 
p.  192;  A.  0.  if.  Cfcct-Cri  S:  Am.  B.  p.  123,  u.  161  (1886); 
TumCT-,  Qmtr.  N.  H.  <tf  Aliuka,  p.  136  (1886);  JViirwi,  Nat. 
HiU.  OoO.  in  Ahuka,  p.  78,  pi.  v.  f.  2  (head)  (1887) ;  Itidffic.  Man. 
S.  Am.  B.  p.  110  (1887):  Sti^n.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mvt.  x.  p.  137 
(1887)  (Copper  lal.  and  Bering  M.) ;  Maefarl.  Pr.  U.S  Nat. 
Mm.  siT.  p.  422  (Fnuiklin  B«v)  (1891);  P&uw,  Avk,  1892, 
p.  198  (Kansas  I) ;  AUen.,  Auk,  ]893,  p.  123. 

Somataria  v-nigrum,  Bp.  Compl.  Bend,  zliii.  p.  650,  n.  124  (1366) ; 
Selii»,  BuU.  Ac.  Roy.  Brur.  Koii.  3.  p.  16  (ISSOJ  ;  Blakist.  Ibii, 
1863,  p.  150;  G.  S.  Gr.  Hand-ltif,  lii.  p.  88,  n.  10707  (1871) ; 
Adtimi,  IbU,  1878,  p.  434  (Michalaaki);  Sah.  ^  Sclal.  Ibii,  1361, 
p.  491 ;  BchruB.  On.  CentraM.  1882,  p.  18;  Saand.  IbU,  1883, 
p.  347  j  Slejn.  Naturen,  1884,  p.  61 ;  A,  B.,  *  R.  WaUr-B.  N. 
Am.  ii.  p.  80  (1884) ;  Coua,  Key  N.  Am.  B.  2nd  ed.  p.  712, 
n.  736  (1884) ;  Edd.  Ibii,  1886,  p.  202  (note). 

Somateria  molliNsinia,  Taex.  (n«e  Linn.)  Orn,  Faun.  Vott.  SUtir.  p.  71 
(1877) ;  id.  BuH.  Soc.  Zool.  Ii-.  ii.  p.  48  (1877). 

Similar  in  plumage  to  S.  moUueima  and  S.  dreueri,  but  the 
adult  vmle  has  a  V-shaped  mark  of  blatk  on  throat,  tiko  the  male  of 
S.  tpeetahiHt ;  besides,  the  male  has  tho  black  of  head  bordered 
beneath  by  pale  green  for  nearly  ita  entire  length,  like  S.  dreueri : 
bill  of  adult  male  bright  orange  or  orange-red  in  life,  with  paler 
tip.  Wing  11-75-12-75  inchea,  culmea  l-aO-2-20,  length  of  bill  to 
point  of  baaat  angle  2-50-3-IO,  tarsus  200-230. 

The  aduU  frmaU  is  very  similar  to  that  of  the  allied  apecieB,  but 
it  is  aomewhat  larger ;  wing  1 1-50-12--5O. 

Youtuj  in  down.  Very  similar  to  the  same  stage  of  S.  moUissima, 
but  apparently  paler  brown,  and  with  the  feathered  portion  of  the 
cnlmen  narrower  and  more  jwinted. 

Hah.  North-western  America,  east  to  Great  Slave  Lake ;  north- 
eastern Asia. 


a,  b.  e  sd.  "fe 
<r,  rf,  e.  rf  $  ad. 

flt.et(Jimm.sr 

f,  g.  PnlL  at. 
A.  (f  ad.  all. 


Old  OoU. 
Voy.ofH,M.8. 'En- 


Butsian  America  {Adaiiu). 
Kotzebue  Sound. 


(Typus  of  tlia  api 
Voy.  of  H.M.S 


Wood  rp.], 

(Ck>-type  of  uie  ^>eciee.) 


*-p-(J  $B^'<  j"V->   St-  MicbBel'H,   Alnskft,    Juae-    Salvin-Oodmaii ColL 

et  pull.  8k.  Auk.  (-EL  W.  Netton). 

o.  $  &d.  sk.  St  HichMl'i,  Alaska,  June  (0.     SftlTin-aodmBD  Coll. 

r,  i.  Jut.  ak.  Stewart's  I.,  Alaska,  Sept.  (£.     SMvin-OodmaD  Odl. 

W.  A'eUon). 
f.  $  aa.  ak.  Cape  Sabine,  Alaska,  Aug.        The  Admiialt?  [P.]. 

N.  $  ad.  ak.  Arctic  coast,  £.  of  Ft  Ander-    SalTin-Oodnui  Coll. 

son,  July  {It.  MaeFarlaiu). 


4.  Somateria  spsctabilia. 

(Hudson'e  Bay).' 

Anas  freti  budsonia. 

Anas  spectabilis,  lAnn.  S.  N.  i.  p, 

Voy.  Pact/,  iii.  p.  356  (1784) ;  Sparrm.  Mua.  QtrUon.  fuse  ii. 
t  39  ((J),  t  40  (2)  (1786);  Om.  S.  ilf.  i.  2,  p,  607,  n.  5  (1788); 
Lath.  Ind.  Ora.  iL  p.  846,  n.  36  (1790) ;  Bonn.  Enc.  MttA.  i. 
p.  125,  pi.  31.  f.  3  (1790);  PaB.  Zoogr.  Bono-A».  ii.  p.  236 
aab.lxTii.l(1811);  Fwa/.  i^.  i).  T.pp.  112,  162  (1816);  Dvm. 
Diit.  Sc.  Sat.  vi.  p.  .■152  (1817) ;  Sa6oie,  Linn.  Tratu.  xii.  p.  563 
(Oreeii]aDd)(1818);  TVmni.  JVon.  (i'Om.  2ad  ed.ii.p.  851  (1620) 
Yarrell,  Linn.  Trmt.  iv.  2,  p.  391,  pi.  it.  c,  d  (trachea)  (1827) 
Leu.  Man.  d'Om.  ii.  p.  416  (1828)  ;  td.  Tr.  d'Om.  p.  631  (1831) 
Ttmm.  I.  e.  W.  p.  541  (1840) ;  Ifaum.  Vdg.  Deutidtl.  xii.  p.  286, 
Taf.  322.  [.  1  (younp),  Taf.  323  (1844) ;  SchUg.  Rev.  Crit.  p.  cin 
(1844) ;  Middend.  Sibir.  Rett.  ii.  p.  2a'),Taf.  xxii.  f.  1  pullus], 
i  2  (egg)  (1863)  ;  Miinter,  J.f.  0.  1863,  p.  207  (Inseln  Huden) ; 
Schroder,  J.  f.  O.  1853,  p.  322  {Lapland) ;  Swinh.  P.  Z.  S.  1863, 
p.  324  (Obina) ;  jBimwy.  J.  f.  0.  ISH  p.  432 ;  Qitb.  Thes.  Om.  i. 
p.  362  (1872). 

Canard  a,  tele  grit^;.  Jivf.  HUt.  Nal.  0«.  ii.  p.SS.-]  (1783) 


64.   BOVAIEBU. 

0846);  B^h,  Cat.  B.  Mui.A.S.B. 
Bp.  Oam^U  Jiend.  xUii.  p.  660,  n.  125  (li 


307,  n.  1790  (18*9) 

)):  Baird.B.  N.Am. 

606 (lesa) :  EooTU  *  StuTffe, 


p.  SIO  (1856) ;  id.  Oal. 

16u,  1869, p.  174  (Spitebergen  P) ;  Wheat.  Ohio  Agric.  tUp.  _ 
(UkB  Eria  1)  ( 1880) ;  Rfinh.  Ibu,  1801,  p.  14  (Greenland) ;  Torrll, 
Bidrag  tiU  Spilihay.  Motlmkf.  etc.  p.  67  (185B) ;  rerr.  Ft.  Eu. 
hut.  m.  p.  159  (18fi2):  B^xirdm.  Pr.  Boit.  Soc.  N.  H.  ii.  p.  140 
(1862)  J  Can.  Pr.  PhUad.  Acad.  1862,  p.  323 ;  IT.  C.  M<iU.  fid. 
Medd.  (i)  iv.  p.  S3  (Faem  Jgl.)  (1^);  Bhti/tl.  Ibu,  1663, 
p.  150  (Iludnon's  Baj) ;  G.  A  Or.  Lid  Brit.  B.  p.  300  (1863) ; 
Malmgren,  (Eft.  K.  Vet.-Ak.  Fdrh.  18(i3,  p.  109  (StuUberj^n),  1864, 
p.  401;  id.J.f.  0.  1663,  p.  360;  JVVuf.  Am,  1865,  p.  616  (Spits- 
bergen) ;  Later.  Ann.  Lge.  N.  T.  riji.  p.  288  (1866) ;  Baird,  Ibit, 

1867,  p.  286 ;  Di^l  ^  Oerbe,  On.  Bur.  ii.  p.  557  (1S67I ;  Couet, 
Pr.  Ei».  Irut.  y.  p.  901  (1868) ;    Colietl,   Fid.  Sfitk.  Fdr/tandl. 

1868,  p.  181  (Norway),  tf.J./.  O.  1889,  p.  304;  DaU  ^  Batm. 
TV.  CMe.  Acad.  i.  p.  301  (1869) ;  Tumb.  B.  E.  Fa.  p,  46  (New 
Jeraej  in  Bevere  wtotere)  (1869) ;  Eylm,  Syn.  Anat.  p.  la's  (1669) ; 
Sou,  J.  f.  O.  1809,  p,  07  (Lofoten) ;  8.  Matter,  ibid.  p.  348 
(FSroe)  J  Gt^ld,  B.  of  Great  BrU.  v.  pi.  27  (1870) ;  GUI^t.  Ibis. 
1870,  p.  309  (Novaia  Semlju);    Hartiny,  P.  Z " 

(ben'     '  ■'         -'."'."- 


J  (Novaii  Semlju);    Hartiny,  P.  Z.  S.  1871,  f.  118, 
1   1_  (W  of  the  5);    G.  R.  Gr.  Band'litt,m.f.88,n.lQ'708 


nSiDiHeuffl.  Ptterm.  Geogr.  MittK.  1871,pp.69.«5;  rrf,  J./.  O. 
1871 ,  p.  105  (Spilabeiven) :  id.  Ibia,  1872,  p.  63  (Novaia  Semlja) ; 
id.  J.f.  O.  1872,  p.  122 ;  Feild.  Zoolog.  1672,  p.  3265  (F»roe  I.) ; 


^L  Slander).  MeUt.  not.  Av.  ditp.  Ttnt.  p,  149  (18>2) ;  Comi,  Key  ff. 

^B  Am.  B.  p.  S93  (1872) ;    Id.   Cheelt-liat,  a.  166   (1873) ;    Finteh, 

^H  ZteeiU   tkuttrhe  Nordpol/ahrl,  ii.  p.  216  (1873);    Datt,   Amf. 

^H  AUut.  hi.  Unal.  Eattte.  p.  6  (1673) ;  Omet,  Birdi  N.-  Wetl,  p.  6^1 

^B  (1874) ;   Tna.  Bull.  Soe.  ZooL  Fr.  Ji.  p.  48  (1877) ;  id.  Om.  Faun. 

^m  Voa.  Sibir.  p.  71  (1877) ;  Feild.  P.  Z.  8.  1877,  pp.  30,  32  (W.  of 

^M  Cape  Uuiun) ;  id.  Ibi$,  1877,  p.  412  (Floeberg  Beach,  kt  82^  37' 

^1  N.) ;  Ih-eu.  B.  of  Eur.  vii.  p.  643,  pi.  446  (1877) ;   Seeb.  Ibit, 

^M  1879,  p.  161  (SiberiR) ;  BriitA.  Vid.  Mtdd.  1879,  p.  205 ;  Sdat. 

^H  p.  Z.  S.   1880,  p.  626;   Brartdt,  J.  f.  O.  1880.  p.  240  (nole); 

^^1  frn.Jlnin      fhiU.       Ktltt      Om      ntlJl.    V     n      ]f4t)    m.aKtnm\mn    nn.jtl 

H  Bb 

H  Ex 

■ 
■ 

■  I; 

■  Ci> 

■  S 

L 


Sms/iaw,  Bidl.  Null.  Om.  Club,  v.  p.  189  (Calitornisn  «MWt) 
(1860) ;  Comeav,  Caimd.  Spoilim.  and  Natural,  i,  do.  7,  p.  51 
(nesting  on  a  small  island  nanr  Mingan)  (1861) ;  Ridgv.  Norn.  N. 
j1m.jB.  0.629(1881);  Bchnw.  Om.  CmtralU  1882,  p.  18:  id. 
VSg.  tool.  Oiirt.  p.  49  (1882);  Setii.  Ibit,  1863,  p.  S83  (Kanin 
Peiunsula) ;  0»««,  Cat.  B.  Sh'iekl.  Coll.  p.  640  (Iceland)  (1882) ; 
Bean,  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mas.  1882,  p.  167 ;  Paling,  Intern.  FitA. 
ExMb.  London,  1883,  Swtden  8pM.  Cat.  p,  100  (1883) ;  Sound.  Ibi», 
183,  p.  341  i  Nelion,  Crmte  •  Conoin,'  p.  101  (1883) ;  Steai-ni,  Pr. 
U.S.  Nat.  Mut.  1883,  p.  121  (Labrador) ;  B.  O.  U.  ImI  Brit.  B. 
p.  134  (1883);  Taa.  Btdl.  Soe.  Zool.  Fr.  riii.  p.  344  (Kamt- 
Khntka)  (1883);  B.,  B.,  ^  R.  Wnter-BinU  N.  Am.  U.  p.  83 
(1864);  S<amd.  Yarreiri  Hut.  Brit.  B.  it.  p.  463  (1864-86); 
Dixm,   lbi»,   1885,   p.   88   (St.   Kilda) ;    Sseft.   Hid.   Brit.   B. 

1,  pi.  50  (eiw)  (1685):  Matiehie  u.  Zienur,  J.f.  O. 

103 ;  Murdoch.  Erped.  to  Point  Barrow,  Alatka,  p.  120 
(1886)";  Utejiug.  Om.  Eipt.  of  the  Comm.  Itl.  and  Kamlaeliatka, 
p.  818  (1885);  A.  O.  U.  CheckJid  N.  Am.  B.  p.  133,  n.  162 
(1886)  ;  Tuner,  Contr.  N.  H.  of  AUitkn,  p  l.-i7  (1886)  ; 
Payne,  Pr.  Canad.  Ind.  (3|  v.  p.  122  (Prince  of  Wales's  Souod, 
Bndson'R  Strait)  (1837) ;  Nelton,  Nat.  Ititt.  Call,  in  Ala»kn,  p.  70 
(1867)  i  Murdoch,  Zookgitt,  1887,  p.  108  [Point  Bartow) ;  Btdgw. 
„  xxTu.  2  r 


I.  N.  Am.  B.  p.  110  (1887J  ;  Lewk.J.f.  0.1b87,p.86(var.)! 
Stejnrg.Pr.    U.S.  Nat.  Mui.  1867,  p.   13S;    Simti,  BoUM.  M 


Natural.  1888,  p.  137  (Venetian) ;  Seeb.  Ibu,  1888,  p.  3€1  (QtMt 
Liakoff  IbL)  ;  Hartw.  J.f.  O.  1889,  p.  163  ;  TrUtr.  Cat.  ColL  B. 
p.  47  (Labrador)  (1888) ;  Setb.  B.  Jap.  Emp.  p.  266  {Knrile  U.) 
(1890);  Rohnw.J.f.  0.1890,  p.  83;  WatUr,  Aid.  pp.  235,236, 
288,  339,  243,  245,  247  (E.  Spitsbergen) ;  Maffarl.  Pr.  U.S.  NaL 
Mut.  1891,  p.  422  (Franklin  Ba^) ;  Hartal,  Sat.  Fogfliamml. 
p.  233  (1891) ;  SouihtoeU,  Tr.  Norw.  &>c.  v.  pp.  68,  60  (Norfolk) 
(1891);  SM£.iMi,1892,p.  28  (Heligoland);  Hatch,  B.  of  Mmna. 
p.  68  (1892)  ;  Allen,  Auk,  1893,  p.  123  ;  W.  S.  J.,  Fore^  and 
Strtam,  1893,  p.  911  (Maine) ;  .Mociaj/,  Auk,  1884,  p.  224;  Whit- 
field, ibid.  p.  323 1  ColieU,  Mindre  Medd.  ixdr.  Noiyet  FugUf. 
1881-92,  p.  287  (1894). 

FlaUpus  ipectabilia,  Brekm,  Lehrb.  Naturg.  eur.  Vdg.   ii.  p.  816 
(1824) ;  Biick,  J.f.  O.  1863,  p,  371. 

FuIiguJa  spectabili^  Bp.  Ann.  Lue.  N.  Y.  ii.  p.  369,  d.  332  (1826) ; 
id.  &n.  p.  389  ( 1828} ;  id.  Itit,  1832,  p.  1188 ;  Awl.  Om.  Biogr. 
iii.  p.  528,  pi.  276 ;  id.  &flt.  p.  291  (1839) ;  Seb/g-Z.  Faun.  Belg. 
I.  143  (1842) ;  And.  B.  Am.  vi.  p.  347,  pL  404  (1843) ;  De  Kay, 
''.  Y.  Zool.  ii.  p.  334  (1844) ;  Giraud,  B.  Long  /ri.p.  333  (l&M) ; 
iJegl.  Om.  £W.  ii.  p.  466  (1649)  ;  Schleg.  Mus.  F.-B.,  Anaere*, 
p.  IS  (1866)  ;  Palmin,  J.f.  O.  1876,  p.  67  (Finland)  ;  Brandt, 
J.f.  0. 1891,  p.  268  (Sitka  and  Aleutians). 

Fuligula   (Somateria)   spectabilis,   X«U.   Man.   ii.  p.  414   (1834); 
Brandt,  Mhn.  Ae.  St  FOerA.  (6)  \Sc.  Nat.)  ri.  1649,  p.  6  (1647). 

Somateria  pectoralie  {erroret),  ZteJU.  Ifomenol.  Ac.  p.  103  (1854) 
(Qreenland). 

Somateria  megarbjDcbus,  Brehm,  Vege{f.  p.  389  (1856) ;  ti'.  Nau- 
mannia,  1856,  p.  299. 

Soniat«riB  altenateini,  Bnhm,  Voge\f.  p.  389  (1865)  ;  id.  A 
1856,  p.  299. 

"Anaasuperba,X«ic*,  Suit.  Cat.\S>\6*  ."fde  B.,  B.,^  B.  WaUr- 
Birde  N.  Am.  p.  83  (1864). 


Jv',! 


54.   BOUATGSU. 


435 


upper  mandible  spread  oat  into  a  ehield  on  Ench  iido,  reddish 
oranj^e-colour  ;  irides  yellow  ;  legs  atid  feet  orauge-red,  membrane 
darker.  Total  length  about  24  incheB,  wing  11*5,  tail  4'2o, 
cnlmen  1-25,  tarens  l-'a, 

Femalt.  lt«semblea  that  of  S.  moUUtima,  bat  U  mddier  and 
Bmallar,  and  besides  ma;  bo  distinguished  by  the  central  line  of 
feathers  on  the  culmon  running  down  to  the  nustrils,  while  iu  the 
Common  Eider  it  hardly  reaches  halfway.  General  plumage  fosy 
rufoaa ;  head  and  nock  with  narrow  black  streaks ;  feathers  of  the 
back  and  upper  wiug-coverta  with  black  centrea  ;  breast  and  flanks 
vith  crescentic  black  bands  ;  lower  breast  and  abdomeu  darker ; 
greater  wing-coverta  and  quills  blackish  brown,  the  greater  wing- 
coTert*  and  eecondariea  with  a  narrow  white  band  at  the  tip; 
tertiala  somewhat  bent  downwards  and  edged  with  rufous-brown  ; 
under  wing-coverta  greyish  brown ;  axillarios  white,  dusted  with 
grey  ;  tail  Ijlackish  brown  :  bill  greenish  brown  ;  iris  dull  yellow  ; 
feet  dull  ochre.  Total  length  22*5  inches,  wing  lO'O,  culmcn 
1-25. 

I'ouny  in  jirit  plumaiff  resembles  the  females,  but  has  traces  of 
the  dark  lines  on  the  throat  and  margin  of  the  bill  (Seehol'in). 

Malt*  injlrtt.  nuptial  dress  have  very  small  shields  at  the  base  of 
the  bill,  and  only  a  few  of  the  wing-coverts  are  white. 

Males  in  moitttiiiff  drat  closely  resemble  males  in  first  plumage, 
but  may  be  diiitinguishcd  by  the  broader  shields  at  the  base  of  the 

hill. 

Fmauf  in  down  has  the  bill  narrower  than  in  the  Common  Eider  ; 
the  down  of  the  central  ridge  runs  down  to  the  nostrils  in  the  same 
characteristic  manner  as  Ihe  feathers  in  the  adutt ;  the  upper  parts 
are  only  a  trifle  mure  rufous,  but  the  cheeks,  throat,  and  underpaxts 
are  much  lighter  and  yellower  than  in  the  Common  Eider. 

Hah,  Arctic  regions  of  the  Northern  Hemisphere;  in  America, 
iKsCBtdonally  in  winter  to  New  Jersey,  the  Great  Lakes,  and  Cali- 
fornia; in  Europe,  rarely  in  the  British  Islands,  franco,  and 
Scandinavia. 


H.    J.    Elwee,   Esq. 

[P.].  ^ 

Capt.  Collinson  [P.], 


Snlvin-Qodm&n  Cull. 


I,m,  n.    6   ad.,     Wbalelish  Island  (I>r.  Bobert-    The  Admiralty  [P.j. 


Franklin  Bay,  July  (R.  Mac-  9alvin-Godniiui  Coll. 

Far/an^). 

Repulse  Bay.  Dr.  J.  Rta  [P.] 

Lftt  82°  30',  June  (//.    JT,  The  Ad.uiralty  [P.]. 


t.  S  imm.  sk. 

Lat.  rO=  N.,  Long.  68=  30'  W, 
{FtUden). 

H.  W.  FeUden  [P.]. 

u.  ,;  ad.  Bk. 

Godbout,  Canada,  Jan.  (N.  A. 

Qmeau). 
Chicago     Market     fimported 

from  Calumet  MarBheB),  Dec. 

Salrin-Godmia  CoL 

c-rfjaT.ik. 

Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

».  $  ad.  sk. 
r.  Juv.  ak. 

DuKovery  Bay,  July. 
Greenland. 

J.  Hart,  Em.  fC.]. 
TweeddalTfcoU. 

y.   (J«d.Bk 

Hume  Coll. 

e.  9  ad.  sk. 

Greenlsnd. 

Gould  Coll. 

ad.  bL 

Greenland. 

HolboU  CoU. 

<r.  <J  imm.  Bk. 

Nanortalik,    Greenland,    Feb. 
{R.  Miilkr). 

Hatgitt  Coll. 

€!,/:  (J  ad.  Bk. 

Nanortalik,    Greenland,   Feb., 
MBKh  (R.  Miilkr). 

Seebohm  CoU. 

Sf,  h:   2  ad.  at 

S.  Greenland,  Dec.,  Jan. 

Dr.      R.      Bowdler 

JUT.  Bk. 

f.  ,;  ad.  at 

Orknera. 

Sharps  [P.]. 
W.  Parke,  F^.  [P.]. 

1:4r^ 

Nova  ilembla,  June. 

No  locality. 

Puichaaed. 

Subfamily  IX.  £RI8MATURIN.£. 

£«y  to  the  Oenera. 
a.  Bill  about  tbe  langtb  of  the  head;  no 

Godent  lobeou  Uiechin;  tail-feathers 
a  than  24. 
a'.  Nul  of  the  bill  perpendicular. 


',  Tail  shorter  thaji  t 


6>'>,  That^asscdbnts,  p.  436. 


55.   IBALASStOBKIS.  437 

Thalauioriiig  leuconotuB,  G.  JR.  Gr.  ^  Milch.  Gm.  B.  iii.  p.  620, 
pi.  169.  t  1  (1844)  i  Udaib.  Sgn.  Ae.,  NttUtores,  t.  70.  ffi  232«- 
2»{1850)!  id.  Ac.  Sytt.  Nat.  p.  viii,  tab.  »iii.  (16o2);  Feh. 
-fin'*)  h'oMra,  Vcff.  p.  13a  (ISCo)  (Cape  cf  tJood  Hope);  FinKh 
u.  Marti.  Viig.  O.-A/r.  p.  810  (1870) :  Sartrrt,  Eat.  VoytUatHini. 
p.  234  (laH). 

Claogula  leuconotua,  thnith,  10.  S.  A/r.,  Zool.,  Aves,  pi.  107  (1646). 

Anaa  brevipeniik,  Licht.  Mu».  JJerol.,  tette  G,  R.  Gr.  Gen.  £.,  App> 
p.  28  (184fl). 

ThaludorDU  leucouoIa.X^f.A'onww/.  ^o.  p.  103  (1854) ;  Cab.,  v. 
d.  Deck,  Seite  O.-Afr.  p.  SI  (lOtW) ;  Htmdtv.  Meth.  nat.  Av.  ditp. 
Tent.  p.  160  (1872):  HcAnio.  J.  f.  O.  1887.  p.  4Q  (NjaoHi) ; 
MattcSi^,  J.  /.  O.  1887,  p.  157 ;  Sdnv.  J.  /.  O.  18*W,  p.  2lK> 
(Quitimanci) ;  id.  Mitth.  Natnrh.  Mug.  at  Hamb.  i.  p.  S  (^Qiuli' 
mane)  (1803) ;  id.  VOs.  Ueuttck-Oit-Afr.  p,  25  (1894). 

ThalftsaoraL)  leucoDota,  £p.  Comut.  Rend,  iliii.  p.  656,  n.  194 
(18«);  Hartl.  J.  f.  O.  1860,  p.  174;  id.  On.  Seilr.  Faiai. 
Madag.  p.  83  (1601) ;  Follat,  N.  T.  D.  i.  p.  328  (1803) ;  Vftr.  iw 
KiMon'B  Toy.  ik  Madag.,  App.  1),  p.  4  (1866) ;  Laijard,  Bird*  of 


B.  Afr.  I 
(Msaagtt 


0  (1867) ;  Gratid.  Rev.  i*  Mag.  de  Zocl.  1866,  p.  6 
~ "         1871): 


^--sdagMCM)  i  a.  R.  Gr.  Har,d4iit,  iii.  p.  90,  n.  10717  (1871) ; 
Boc.  Jom.  Aead.  8c.  Litb.  1873,  p.  70  (lUo  Coroca) ;  Aym,  Ibin, 
1874,  p.  105  (Transvaal) ;  Boc.  u.  Gad.  J.  f.  O.  1876,  p.  204; 


J. J.  O.  1877,  p.  U  (Lowjgo) ;  HanL  Die  Vog.  Madag. 

p.  366  (1877) :  Sclat.  P.  Z.  8.  1880,  pp.  529, 534 ;  Fia^.  h.  lirhmn. 

J.f.  O.  1880,  p.  139  (ZaniiW) ;  JSw.  On.  Angola,  p.  505  (1881)  ; 

Bull.,  Feiid.,  *  Reid.  Zootog.  1882,  p.  428  (Natal) ;  Bohm,  JJ.  0. 

1882,  p.  184  (ZBoiiW) ;  Milne-£dm.  ^  Grandid.  Oit.  Madag. 

p.  735,  pi.  275a.  f.  3  (1882) ;    Skarpe,  Lagard't  B.  of  8.  Afr. 

P.  761  (1884);   Bohm,  J.f.   O.   1885,  p.   38   (UgftJlo.  C.  Afr.); 

FUcher,  J.f.    O.   1886,  p.    115;    Sifinondt,   Ibie,  lb87,   p.   38« 

(Orange  Free  State) ;  SaCvad.  Arm.  Mum.  Civ.  Gen.  (2)  vi.  p.  324 

(Shoa)  (1888);   Trittr.  Cat.   CoU.  B.  p.  46(1888);  Sibree,  lbi», 

1892,  pp.  205,  271 ;  NiehalU  ^  Egiinglon,  SportUH.  m  &  Afr. 

p.  125  (cote)  (1893). 
Enamatura  leuconota,  Mont.  P.  Z.  S.  1 S65,  p.  89  (Benguela). 
Buiura  leuconota,  Schli^.  Mat.  P.-B.  Andres,  p.  8  (1606);  Gieb. 

Tiei.  On.  i.  p.  467  (1872). 
Clangula  leuconota,  (^in.  Trae.  in  S.  Afr.  ii.  App.  p.  423  (1868). 
Anas  leuconotua,  Gieb.  The*.  Orn.  i.  p.  355  (1872). 
Emmatura  (Thalaseiorais)  leuconuta,  Rchmc.  Orn.  Centralbl.  1882, 

p.  4. 
Aoaasp.,  Bohm,  J.f  O.  1885,  p.  51,  1887,  p.  157  f  =  P  leuconota). 

Adith  male.  Upper  part  of  the  bend,  uape,  and  throat  black, 
varied  with  jtillow-oclinHjiiB ;  a  buHy-nbita  spot  at  tho  ontcrior 
part  of  tho  checks  just  near  the  base  of  the  bill,  exlcnding  to  below 
tho  gape ;  sidua  uf  tho  head  oohreona  yellow,  with  Uauk  roundish 
spots ;  Bides  and  anterior  part  of  the  upper  nccic  uniform  bright 
ochreons  yellow  ;  hack,  scapulars,  and  wiiig-coTort«  with  black  and 
rufous-ochreoua  hands;  rump  white;  upper  tail-coverts  black,  with 
buff  bands ;  nnderparls  ochreous  yellow,  the  jugulum,  sides  of  the 
breast,  and  flanks  banded  with  block,  the  black  bands  broader  on  the 
flttnks ;  centre  of  the  breaat  uniform,  uuspolted ;  abdomen  and 
under  tail-coverta  dusky,  the  edges  of  the  feathers  buff;  primaries 
greyish  brown,  tho  secondaries  spottt^  with  rufous  on  the  edges; 


438  AVATIDf. 

nnder  wing-coverte  brown-grey,  the  maifjnal  onoB  tinged  with 
buff;  axillaries  buff,  with  a  brown  stripe  along  the  middle  ;  tail- 
feathers  blackiab  brown,  with  narrow  ochreoas  edges;  "bill  blue 
cod  slate  colour,  lower  mandible  yellowuh ;  irides  dark  brown ; 
feet  dark  brown"  (A^res).  Total  length  16-17  inches,  wing  7, 
tail  2-5,  culmeD  1-7,  tarsus  1-3. 

Female.  Similar  to  the  male. 

Toung.  Similar  to  the  adult,  but  less  ochreons  and  more  brown 
on  the  abdomen. 

Hob.  Sonthern  Africa,  north  to  Loango  on  the  western  coast, 
and  to  Sboa  on  the  eastern ;  Madagascar. 

E.  WUson,  Esq.  [P.]. 
Sir  A.  Smith  [P.]. 
(Types  of  the  ppecies.) 
Sir  A.  Smith  [P.]. 
Eyton  Coll. 
Shelley  Coll. 
Cftpt.  Sarile  Reid  [CI. 
J.H.Gumey,E*q.[P.]. 


Shelley  CoU. 
J.  Monteiro  [C.]. 


a.  Ad.  St 

Africa. 

6,  c,  d.  Ad.  et 

8.  Africa. 

8.  Africa. 

/.  Juv.  sk. 

S,  Africa. 

f,  A.  6  ad.  sk. 

Newcastle,  Katsl,  Sept. 

t.  $  ad.  sk. 

Newcastle,  Natal,  Sept. 

*.rfad.8k. 

Kroonstad,   Orange    Free 

State,    March    <E.    T. 

/.  Ad.  sk. 

Transvaal  (T-.^arw). 

m.  Juy.  sk. 

56.  N0M0N7X.  ^ 

Nomonyz,  SidffV).  Pr.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mut.  iii.  p.  16  (1880).  N.  dom 
Bange.  Tropical  America,  including  the  West  Indies. 


56,  uttxoxjx. 


489 


3  (1824). 


Soffra't  Hid.  Nat.  Cuba,  Oit.  p.  297  (1840)  (CuIm  et  BolivU) ; 

Burm.  Syit.  Veberi.  iii.  p.  440  (1856). 

FuIigiiU  dominicB,  Steph.  Gen.  Zuol.  lii.  3,  p.  S03 

Cerconeclea  spinoMt,  Wr^l.  Isu,  lifi2,  p.  S82  (Par  . 

Ensmstura  dominicH,  E}/t.  Matt,  Anat.y.  172  (1838) ;  Hititl.  Fen. 

Oa.  Mm.  p.  121  (1844) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Utt  B.  Brit.  Mat.  iii.  p.  14U 

(1844):  id.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  627,  n.  6  (1844);  ficAnJ.  Sm.  Av., 

KalAtore^,  t.   78.  ff.  900-901  (ISIS) ;  Lidtt.  Nomencl.  Av.  p.  103 

(1854)   (Montevideo,  Chili);    Bp.   C<mpt.   Send,   iliii.   p.   626, 

n.  162  (1856) ;  Cab.  ^  Gundl.  J.  f.  0.  1867,  p.  231  (Cuba) ;  Sctat. 

P.  Z.  8.  1667,  p.  30a  (JaUwi) ;    Cabot,  Pr.  Bmt.  Sac.  N.  H.  yL 

p,  376  (1858)  (Lahe  Chnmplain);  Baird,  B.  N.  Am.  pp.  811,  925 

(1868)  (Lake  UhampUin) ;  id.  Cat.  JV.  Am.  B.  n.  010  (1869) ;  A. 

^E.  Ifewt.  Ihui.  1859,  p.  367  (St  CrMx);  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1860, 

S,  264  (OriMbo):  Baird,  B.  N.  Am.  ed.  18^,  pi.  92;  Gundl, 
./.  O.  \ml,  p.  340,  1862,  p.  03 ;  Rii,  1863,  p.  289  (Maitimca ) 
OundL   Bepert.   Fivco-Xat.  Cuba,  i.   p.   391   (1866);   JUol.  Oit. 

TVuui/.  p,  625  (1806)  ;  EyC.  Si/n.  Ana/.p.laH  (1869);  Pek.  Om. 

Bras.  pp.  320,  321  (trachea),  460,  li.\  (1870) ;  BeirA.  Fugl.  Bras. 

Camp.  p.  20  (  FuJ.  Mtdd.  1870)  (Lngoa  dos  Pitoa) ;  EuirUten,  Pr, 

Boa.  Soe.  N.  H.  ut.  p.  164  (WieconSn)  (1871) ;  Brewer,  Am.  Nat. 

T.  p.  441(1871);  e.R.  Gr.amrf-;M(,  iii.  p. 90, 11.10723(1871); 

Couet,  Key  N.  Am.  B.  p.  396  (1872) ;   id.  Checklist,  a.  620 

(18781 ;  Zte,  Ibi$,  1873,  p.  137  (Entrerios.  Ai>rent  Rep.) ;  Sclat. 

*  Sale.  Nommd.  Av.  Neolrop.  p.   131  (1873);  Lawr.  Mem.  Bosl. 

Soc.N.  M.ii.f.  316(1874)  (Mesico);  Coaa,  B.  If.-Weit,f.6SS 

(note)  (1874) ;  OundL  J./.  O.  1874,  p.  3U  (Porto  Bico),  1876, 

p. 884  (Cuba);  Pi)ani/:  i6«,  1876,  p.  163  (ArgentineP) ;  Selat.  ^ 

Saiv.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  pp.  406,  411 ;  Gundl.  Anal.  Soc.  Etp.  Hitt. 

Nat.  vii.  p.  408  (1878)  (Porto  Kco) ;  id.  J.f.  0.  1878,  pp.  162, 

191 ;  Selat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  630 ;  Sale.   Cat.  B.  Stride!.   CoU. 

p.  641  (1882) ;  Barrme,  Auk,  1884,  p.  274  (Lower  UrupuiT) ; 

£mtt,  Sev.  Cienl.  DWc.  Centr.  Ti^Bei.  i,  p.  43  (Veneiualft)  (1887) ; 

Brrl.  J.f.  O.  1887,  p.  13.3  (Pamguay). 
OxTura  dominicR,  Eot  Mon.  Anat.  pf,  24.  f.  2  (head  of  the  femiUe) 

(1838). 
Ensmatiira  spiaosa,  Gone,  B.  Jam.  p.  404  (1847) ;  AUirecAt,  J.f.  O. 

1862,  p.  2(n  (Jaaaical. 
EriamatuTa  ortjgoides, "  Hill,"  Ooue,  B.  Jam.  p.  406  (1847) ;  Goue, 

JUtutr.  B.  Jam.  pL  113  (1849) ;  Jlchnb.  Si/n.  Ac,  NaUtorei,  t.  91. 

f.  2053  (1860)  (ex  ffowe) ;  Bp.  Compl.  Bend.  xUii.  p.  662,  a.  163 

(1856). 
DeDdrocjgnua  npioosa,  Brewer,  Pr.  Bott.  Soe.  K  H.  viL  p.  808 

(I860)  (Cuba). 
Biziura  dominica,  ScAleg.  Mat.  P.-B.,  Anaerea,  p.  9  (1866) ;    Gieb. 

Tha.  Om.  i.  p.  467  (1872). 
NomonjTE  dominicua,  RiA/te.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mut.  iii,  p.  16  (1880) ; 

■a.  Norn.  N.  Am.  B.  n.  635  (1881);  B.,  B.,  *  J!.  WaUr-B.  N. 

Am.  ii.  p.  109  (1884) ;    Cory,  Lilt  B.  W.  hd.  p.  31  (1886) ; 

A.  O.  U.  Check-tiat  N.  Am.  B.  p.  125,  n.  168  (1886);   Ridgw. 

M<m.N.  Am.  B.  p.  114,  n.  125(1887);  Cory.  Auk,  1888,  p.  68; 

id.  B.  Wett  Ind.  p.  260  (1889) ;  Sclut  Aryent.  Om.  ii.  p.  138 

(18B9);  Cory,  A«k,\e89,  p.  336 (Maaeacbuutts) ;  Sclat. Bnt,  1890, 

p.  426  (Argentine) ;  «ra«,.4i>A,  1801.  p.  304  (Jamaica) ;  BoUand, 

Ibis.  1802,  p.  209  (Argentine,  egg») ;  Cory,  Auk,  1892,  p.  272 


(Cuba), 
Momouyx  {er, 


'e)  dominiciu,  Ibii,  1880,  p.  491  (lades). 


HomooTZ  domiDica,  Cout$,  Cheek-titt  If.  Am,  B.  2od  ed.  p.  117, 
n.  742  (1682) ;  id.  Eey  N.  Am.  B.  Sod  ed.  p.  715,  n.  742  (18B4). 

AduUmaU.  HeadbUck;  neck  and  breast  bright  nutyciDnamon, 
shading  into  reddish  white  on  the  lower  parts ;  feathere  of  the  back, 
scapulars,  and  feathers  of  the  flanks  broadly  centred  with  black, 
the  edges  cinuamon  ;  wings  brown,  with  a  white  band  or  speeolum 
formed  by  the  tips  of  the  anterior  wing-coverts  and  by  the  basal 
portion  of  the  auterior  secondaries;  some  of  the  median  wing- 
ooverts  edged  with  rusty  dnnamon  ;  under  wing-coverts  brown, 
with  narrow  whitish  edges  ;  tail  blaek :  "  bill  blue  ;  nail,  tip  of  both 
mandibles,  and  naked  skin  on  chin  black;  remunder  of  the  lower 
mandible  reddish  white ;  outer  aspect  of  tarsus  and  two  outer  toes 
dark  brown  or  blaok,  the  inner  side  of  the  tarsus,  inner  toe,  and 
membranes  pale  brown,  spotted  with  black  ;  iris  dark  brown ; 
naked  skin  round  the  eyes  bluish "  (Gundlaeh),  Total  length 
about  15  inches,  wing  5*7,  tail  4,  culmeu  1-26,  tarsus  1. 

Female.  Tpper  parts  brown  ;  pileum  uniform  ;  a  narrow  super- 
Goliary  stripe  buff;  a  broader  baud,  also  bufF  colour,  underneath  the 
eyee  from  the  bill  to  the  occiput ;  two  dark  bands  from  the  bill  to 
occiput,  one  through  the  eyes,  the  other  lower  down,  starting  from 
the  gape ;  throat  buff ;  neck  buff  mottled  with  brown ;  feathers  of 
the  breast  and  flanks  centred  with  brown,  the  edges  buS ;  abdomen 
buff,  tbe  brown  bases  of  the  feathers  more  or  less  showing  through : 
feathers  of  the  back  more  or  less  edged  and  spotted  nith  buff; 
wings  brown  ;  wing-speculum  white  as  in  the  male ;  tail  blackish ; 
>'  bill  horn-brown,  with  the  tip  black  "  (Oundlaeh).  Size  somewhat 
smaller  than  the  male. 

Toung.  Besembles  the  female,  but  there  are  no  distinct  brown 
centres  to  the  feathers  of  the  breast  and  flanks,  and  the  whole  of 
the  lowur  parts  have  the  bases  of  the  feathers  much  paler  brown. 


r    ^     1 

57.  EEIMAIUEA.                       ^^                 M 
Oxjan.  (gubffen.),  Bp.  Ann.  Lye  N.  T.  a.  (1826),                                              ^1 
Ensmiitura,  Bp.  Sagg.' Dittr.  Met.,  Agg.  «    Can.                                             ■ 

Gymnura  (suhKen.),  A'^it.  5fan.  ii.  p.  426  (18Si 
Uidina,  GobW,  B.  <tf  E>if.  r.  pi.  38;)  (1837)   .  . . 
BTthoaesaa,  Okgrr,  Handr-  u.  HiTftA.  p.  413  (18- 
EVimirtura  ierrort't),  DegL  ^  Gerbe,  Om.  £ur 

p.  665  (1867). 

Range.  Almost  coBmopolitan. 

Key  to  Ih4  Species, 
a.  Bretst,  and  usuailv  also  the  back  nnd  flanks, 

lirwht  chestnut  {Adult  Main). 
a'.  Head  partlv  white. 

a".  Head  white,  crown  black    

b".  Cheeks  and  chin  white,  upper  part  of  the 

head  lo  the  occiput  Uack    

I             b'.  Head  and  upper  part  of  the  neck  wholly 

..     E.iamaicensi..                  ^ 
2).     E.  leuoocephala. 

jamaicenii*,  p.  44d.                ^H 
ma««a,p.44a                        ■ 

ferruginea,  p.  449.                    ^| 

vitfata,  p.  4.50. 
aiutralia,  p.  4eL 

1 

leucBeephala,  p.  443. 

mac^,  p.  448.       ^^H 
jatnaiceruii,  p.  415.                 ^H 

^^^■^     tf:  Aiillaries    grcviah    hrowa,   edged   with 

^^^V-        a'".  Chin  white. 

^^^^^            a'.  Under  tail-coverts  rusty  red    

^^^H            6'.  Under  tail-coveru  white 

^^■b         ^".  Chin  Uke  the  head  bUck. 

^^■P             c*.  Chestnut  colour  of  the  breast,  flanks, 

^^^^V                       and      upper     parts     lighter      and 

^K-                          brighter 

^^^                  d*.  Chestnut  colour  of  the  brenat,  flaoka, 

6.  Breast  and  upper  paita  uot  bright    or  deep 

chestnut,   always   more   or   less   fi^ckl^I   or 

barred  with  brown  {Fftnale*  and  Young). 

<f.  Upper  mandible  at  base  decidedly  swollen  on 

tio   sides;   usually  upper  parts   distinctly 

,          e".  Cheeks  not  uniform  with  the  upper  part 
^^B* -•               of  the  head,  but  crossed  below  the  eyes 
^^HL                by  a  whitish  band  from  the  bill  to  the 
^^■l              ocdput. 

^^KT         "'"■  Uuder      tail-coverta      whitish,      not 
M                              sharply  detined   from   the   remainder 

I                       if".  Under  tail-coverta  pure  white,  sharply 
[                                defined   from   the   remainder   of    the 
t                                abdomen. 
r                          e".  Bill  across  at  bmadest  point  0-80-(M)0 

L             "^ 

k 

/*.  Bill  across  at  broBdeet  point  0-75-0-8( 


«"'.  Cheekn  dmk  brown,  almost  unifoim . .  \\l!Zi^!^!.-.'r.  im 
/•'.  ChMbuid  uppmput.  of  th.  b,«ll  ''»""™'"'I'"'' 

brown,    freckled   and   mottled  witli 

paler  markingH amtTalu,^.  4Sl. 


1.  Eriflma,tnr&  lencoceplLala. 
PWbite-head,  SJum,  Trae.  p.  264  (1788). 
Anas  leucDcepbaluB,  Scop.  Ann.  I.  Hut.  Nal.  ■p.  65,  n.  79  (1789) ; 

Om.  S.  N.  1.  2,  p.  516,  n.  72  (1788) ;  LatA.  Jnd.  Om.  ii.  p.  868, 

n.  84  {17801 ;  Stmn.  Ene.  M&h.  i.  p.  131  (1790) ;  Bechtt.  Om. 

Tatehenb.  ii.  p.  444,  Taf.  28  (tj)  (1803);  Beoha.   Gem.  Naturg. 

DnUtcAl.  iv.  p.  982  (1800) ;  Sao^,  Doer,  de  lEgypt,  Hut.  iV'at. 

i.  pt.  4,  p.  316,  pi.  10.  f.  2  (1809) ;  Temm.  Man.  d'Om.  p.  5fl6 

(1815)  J  Dum.  Dtct.  Sc.  Nat.  vi.  p.  397  (1817) ;   Temm.  (^.  cit. 

2nd  ed.  ii.  p.  860  (1820) ;  Banz.  El.  di  Zool.  iii.  pt  it  p.  137, 

tav.  30.  f.  S  ?  $ )  (182H) ;  Be.  Speech.  Comp.  p.  72,  n.  230  (1827) ; 

leg).  Tr.  dOra.  p.  ttSO  (1831)  ;  Stridil.  Ann.  ^  Mag.  N.  H.  viii. 

p.646{1842)i  Naum.  yi^.iWtjcAA  lii.  p.  149,  TafT 316  (1844); 

Buory,  J.f.  0.  1867,  p.  131  (Algeria). 
Anas  meraa,  PaU.  ReU.  Bust.  Seichs,  ii.  Ash.  p.  713,  n.  29,  t.  H 

(1773)  (  Ealk,  Beytr.  t.  Top.  Kennt.  Biiu.  Btichs.  ii.  p.  349,  n.  76, 

t.  23  (1786) ;   Gm.  S.  N.  i.  2,  p.  620,  n.  84  (marsa)  (1788) ; 

if<»tti..Btc.Jlf«A.Lp.  127,pl.36.f.fl(<J  2)  (1790);  .Poll  Zooffr. 

BoMO-Ai.  ii.  p.  283,  L  lixiii.  (1811) ;   VieilL   N.  D.  v.  p.  137 

(1816) ;  Ihtmmt,  Diet.  Sc.  Nat.  vi.  p,  376  (marea)  (1817) ;  .ScAAy. 

Ben.  Crit.  p.  cxviii  (1844) ;  Badek.  J.f.  O.  1864,  p.  370  (Volga) ; 

Piiukr,  ibtd.  p.  380  (tauris);   Buiiry,   J.  f.    O.    1857,   p.    '■'" 


S7.  .IBISVATTrBi.. 


1855,  p.  369  (N.E.  Africa) ;  L.  Brthm,  Vage^.;a.  393  a856) ;  id. 
Naammmia,  1855,  p.  298,  n.  1 :  -Bp.  0>mpt.  Send,  xliii.  p.  602, 
n.  157  (1856) ;  Lochf,  Vat.  M.  et  O.  Aigtr.  p.  )45  (1858)  i  Srhlfff. 
DkretU.  p.  274  (1864) ;  Satoad.  Cat.  Uec.  Sard.  p.  108  ( 1864) ;  id. 
J.f.  0. 1865,  p.  324  (Sardinia);  Dodrri.Avtf.  slcil.  p.  269  (18C9); 
Sft.  Syn.  Anat.  p.  129  (1868| :  £taft  dj-  Buekl.  Iha,  167U,  p.  S40 
(TurW);  O.R.  O.  ffaniWijrf,  iu.  p.  90,  n.  10718(1871);  SheU. 
S.  of  Effypl,  p.  291,  pi.  xii.  (1872) ;  S^tiad.  Faun,  d'ltai,  Ucc. 

S270  (1872);  Setyl.  Om.  H.O.-Afr.  ii.  2,  p.  1349  (1873); 
ro(Ae,  JKi,  1873,  p.  343  ;  Irtm,  Om.  Str.  Gtbrall.  p.  205  (1875) 
(Cadii,  Tsnper);  Dan/.  ^  Harrir-Broicm,  Ihig,  1875,  p.  427 
(TraiwylvamR) ;  WhaHon,  IbU,  1876,  p.  28  (Corsicd);  Drm. 
nil,   1876,  p.  421   (TurkesUn);  id.  B.  Eur.  at.  p.  677,  pL  451 


8.  Siberia) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  530 ;  Same  ^  Marih.  Game 
"    '/nd.iii.p.2tii>(KMidahRr).p.43e{Punjftb}(ie80);  Gii/l.  Vat, 
p.  215  (Italy) ;  Sale.  Cat.  B.  StrickL  CbU.  p.  641  (18®) : 


fi.o/7nd.iii.p.2tii>(KandahRr).p.43e{Punjftb}(ie80);  Gtyl.  Ihit, 
'•""^,  p.  215  (Italy);  Sale.  CtO.  B.  StrickL  CbU.  p.BilhsSS): 
.  Ibii,  1884,  p.  429  (Lenkoran) ;    Trietr.  Faun.  ^  Flor.  of 


Alal.  p.  118  (1884) ;  Wii/efi.  IbU,  1986,  p.  46  (Ooraica) ;  Salvad. 
M  Ucc.  Ital.  p.  368  (1886) ;  St.  John,  I6u,  1S89,  p.  179  (KeUt) : 
Triitr.  Cat.  Coll  B.  p.  47  (1889) ;  JfcAnw.  J.  f.  0.  1890,  p.  84 ; 
Dreu.  Ibis,  1891,  p.  369  (Eraeroom) ;  Floertke,  J.  f.  0.  1891, 
p.  170  (Schlesia);  Sartert,  Kal.  Foffehammi.  p.  234  (1891); 
-^ttaria.J,/.  0.1802. p.  430 (Holland);  JVourw,  ftis,  1894, p. 350 
(eg?)- 

OereoDtctes  mersa,  Waffl.  leig,  1832,  p.  282. 

Uiidina  leucocepbaln,  Gould.  B.  Eur.  y.  pi.  385  (1837). 

Oxyura  imifosciata,  Eyt.  Man.  Anal.  pi.  24.  t.  1  (head  of  [^  iur.) 
fl838). 

Erimnntura  mersa,  Bp.  Comp.  Li*t,  p.  69,  n.  431  (1838) ;  G.ILGr. 
Utt  Gm.  B.  p.  75  (1840) ;  id.  op.  at.  2nd  ed.  p.  90  (1841)  ;  id. 
lAH  B.  Brit.  Mas.  iii.  p.  146  (1844) ;  id.  Qcn.  B.  iii.  p.  «27,  n,  1 
(1844);  mipp.  Syft.  Feftero.  p.  138.  n.  501  (1846)  (E^ypt) ; 
Brthm,  yngelf.  p.  382  (l&SS)  ;  id.  NoMnmtnia,  1855,  p.  298,  n.  2 ; 
Saiv.  Ibii,  I860, pp.  368, 364  (£.  Atlaa) ;  Tristr.  Ibis,  1860, pp. 82, 
103,  372  (N.  AKca) ;  «>«y»,  ibid.  p.  364  (Ionian  lal.) ;  Tniir. 
P.Z.8.  1864,  p.  464  (Galilee) ;  id.  Ibii,  1868,  p.  329  (Palestine)  j 
SheU.  Ibis,  1871,  p.  316  (Egypt) ;  Sawxd.  ibid.  p.  397  (S.  Spain) : 
Ssvtrti.  J.f.  O.  1873,  p.  344  (Turkestan),  1875.  p.  185;  Ltl/ord, 
Oil,  1875,  p.  16;  Nathtu.  J.  f.  0.  1879,  p.  260  (egg I:  Umke, 
Zool.  QarL  1880,  pp.  142-147  (Kims  Steppea) ;  Seeh.  Ibit,  1883, 
p.  329  (AatTBkhaii),  1883,  p.  35  (Caucasus) ;  Chapin.  Ibit,  1884, 
p.  91  (Spain),  1888.  p.  447. 

Uodina  meraa,  K.  $  B.  Wirbellh.  Eur.  pp.  liMi-i,  229  (1840); 
Radde,  Omis  Caitcas.  p.  4.;9  (1884)  (Ca«pinn). 

Bythoneasa  leucocepbata,  Glager,  Gem.  Hand-  u.  Hit/A.  i.  p.  473 
(1842). 

Fuliffula  mer»,  Degl.  Om.  Eur.  ii.  p.  476  (1849):  Wriffkt,  Hit, 
1861,  p.  291  (Malta) ;  Severtx.  Turkest.  Jfrotn.  p.  70  (1870). 

Etismatura  unifasciata,  Bp.  Compt.  Rend,  xliti.  p.  662  (P)  (1896); 
Bfi.  Syn.  Anat.  p.  129  (Persia)  (1869). 

Biziuraleucoccpbala,&Afrjr.il/iu.P.-i?.,AnaeroB,p.]l  (1866);  &i«A, 


The$.  On.  u.  p.  467  (1872) ;  Crvmmtl.  Arch.  Nitrl.  x.  ».  176 
(1876)  (NetherrandB). 
Enmiatora  {errorei)  leucoceph&la,  DtgL  St  Oerbe,  Om.  Ear.  ii. 
p.  066  (1867). 

Adult  nude.  Crowa  black ;  forehead,  sidea  of  the  head,  mdn^g 
the  space  above  the  eye,  chin  and  nape  pure  white ;  below  this 
white  the  Deck  all  rouad  is  black ;  lower  neck  and  breast  chestnot* 
red,  with  narrow  blackish  bars ;  back,  eoapnlare,  aides,  and  flanks 
reddish  chestnut,  mora  or  less  bofflsh,  and  finely  and  irregularly 
Termicnlated  with  blackish  ;  upper  tail-corerts  deep  chestnut ; 
nnderparts,  below  the  breast,  reddish  bnfTy  white ;  wings  brown- 
grey,  the  wing'COTerts  and  secondaries  finely  vermiculated  with 
boffj  white;  under  wing-oorerta  grey,  the  central  ones  whitish; 
asillariea  white  ;  tail  blackish  :  "  bill  blue ;  iris  dark  brown :  feet 
ashy  brown,  with  the  webs  black"  (^Salvadori).  Total  length 
about  185  inches,  wing  6-5,  tail  4-5,  culmen  1-9,  tarsus  1*3. 

A  specimen  in  the  Museum  of  Turin  from  Sardinia,  afiected  by 
indpient  albinism,  is  altogether  murh  paler,  has  no  black  round  the 
neck,  except  on  the  nape,  and  has  the  whit«  moch  more  extended, 
covering  entirely  the  throat. 

FemaU.  Differs  from  the  male  in  lacking  the  clear  white  on  the 
head  and  in  being  much  more  rufous,  especially  on  the  underparta  ; 
crown,  nape,  and  cheeks  brown-chestnut,  with  blackish  bars ;  a 
white  streak  below  the  eye,  from  the  base  of  the  bill  nearly  to  the 
nape;  chin,  throat,  and  sides  of  the  neck  just  near  the  head 
whitish,  dotted  or  streaked  with  blackish  on  the  sides  of  the  nock ; 
upper  tail-coverts  scarcely  deeper  chestnut  than  the  remainder  of  the 
upper  parts:  bill  dull  plumbeous;  iris  dark  brown;  legs  plnm- 
beons  black. 

Young  male.  Very  similar  in  plamage  to  the  old  female,  only 


w^^^ 

57.   raiSKAICKA. 

445 

.  2  ad.  8k. 

J.  ^  aa.  St. 
r...  rf9ad.8k. 
(.  (JjaT.Bk. 

«.  Jftd.«k. 

.  tS  juv.  ak. 

itoijonj.                                         [P.]. 
OdpBM.                                      Dr.  Domler  [P.]. 

Persia,  Oct                                Ejton  Coll. 

(Type  of  Oxyura  unifatciata,  Eyton.) 
Kiivhij!  Steppes.                           TweeddalB  Coll. 
Kbelat-i-GhiW,    Knndabar,     Hume  CoU. 

ic.  (J  ftd.  ak. 

Oct.  {Sir  0.  St.  Jahn). 
Peshawar,  March. 

Brip^dier-Gen.  Kin- 
loch  [P.], 
Hume  Coll. 
Hnma  Coll. 

Hunie  Coll. 

■.  2  nd.  8k. 

^.    <fjUV.Bk. 

I.  (T  juv.  »k. 

Ludhiana,  Oct.  {F.  Field). 
Najafgarh  Jhil,  Uelhi  district, 

Jan.  (  W.  N.  Chill). 
Jubtikea.  Delhi  dintnct,  Feb. 

a',  t?  juv.  ak. 

(w.y.  chiU). 

Delhi  diatrict,  Oct  {  W.  N. 

Hume  CuU. 

CkiO). 

V,  (■■.  Sterna  with    Algeria. 
ghouldeivgirdlB, 


2.  EriBm&tnra  jamaioensia. 

?Tei^\,  Bancroft,  Hist,  of  Ouiana,^.  IIQ  {\7W). 

Jamaica  Shoveler,  Lath.  8yn.  iti.  2,  p.  613,  n.  58  (1785)  (descr. 

optima). 
Anas  iamaieenaia,  Gm.  8.  N.  i.  2,  p.  519,  0.83  (1788)  [e.v  Latham) ; 

Laih.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  867,  n.  63  (1730) ;  Bonn.  Ene.  Mith.  i.  p.  127 

(1700)  ;   ViaU.  N.  D.  v.  p.  Ift4  (1716) ;  Dum.  Diet.  5c.  Nat.  vi. 

p.  38-5  (1817);   Ord,  td.  WiU.  viii.  p.  138,  pi.  lixi.  f.  1  U) 

(1924). 
Rhjochaspia  jsniaiceiiMB,  Sttph.  Gen.  Zool.  lii.  2,  p.  119  (1824). 
Anaa  rubida,  WiU.  Am.  Orn.  viii.  pp.  128.  1.30,  pi.  71.  ff.  5,  fl  (1814) ; 

Sabine,  Frankl.  Joum.  p.  700  (1823) ;   VteiU.  Enc.  Mith.  L  p.  359 

xHer- 
iUT=Ulue-biU}. 
F  ADa»  recurrirostra,  VieiU.  op.  at.  p.  107  (1816)  (s  Anaa  janmca, 

Lath.). 
Rhynchaapis  mbida,  Stiph.  Gm.  Zool  sii.  2,  p.  120  (1824). 
Anaa  (FuliguU)  rubida,  Bp.  Obi.  Nomtnd.  WiU.  n.  268  (1835). 
Fiiligula  (OKyura)  rubida,  Bp.  Amu  Lyn.  N.  T.  ii.  p.  390  (1826) ; 

id.  Sm.  p.  390  (1828). 
Fuliguia  rubida,   Sw.  $  Bieh.  Faun.  Bor.-Am.  ii.  p.  46fi  (1831) ;  Bp. 

/»«,  1832, p,  1188;  -lurf,  O/ti.  .Oi'ojir.ir.  p.  826,pl.343(1838) ;  i5. 

Sipi.  p.  SS8  (1839);   id.  B.   Am.   vi.   p.  324,   pi.   399  (1843)  : 

Oiraud,  B.  Long  Id.  p.  326  (1844);   Zfc  Kai/,  N.  Y.  Zool.  ii. 

p.  327  (1844);   Len^.  Av.  Cab.  p.  118  (1860);    Wied,  J.f.  0. 

1869,  p.  178. 
Cercfluectes  ruHda,  Waal.  /«.,  1832,  p.  282. 
Fuligula  (Gymnura)  rutocJa,  IS'vtt.  Man.  ii,  p,  420  (1834), 
Eriamatura  rubida,  Bp,  Camp.  Lint,  p.  69,  n.  397  (18.38) ;  But.  Man. 

^wrf.  p.  171  (1838) ;  ffort/.  ('era.  Om.Mw.  p.  121  (1844)  ;   Q.R. 

Or.  Lut  B.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  146  (1844) ;  id.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  627,  n.  2 

(1844)  i   Rchnb.  Sun.  Av.,  NaUtorea,  t.  76.  ff.  887-88  (1846) : 

Blyth,  Cat.  B.  Mut.  A.  S.  B.  p.  308,  n.  1707  (1840) ;  LiehU 


Somatel.  Av.  p.  103  (I86d)  (Mexico) :  Bp.  Compt.  Send,  zllii. 
p.652,  n.  160(l8o6);  C'oi.  4- G«»(«.  j:/.  O.  1867,  p.  230lCubal ; 
Bairil,  S.  N.  Am.  p.  8U  (1858)  ;  td.  Cat.  JV.  Am.  B.  n.  609 
(1869);  Brytmt,  Pr.  Bmt.  Soe.  Nat.  Hut.  vii.  p.  122  (1869) 
iBaliuiiHa) ;  Sclat.  ^  Salv.  Ibu,  1859,  pp.  6, 232  (^,  Giutemda) ; 
SUai.  P.  Z.  S.  1859,  p.  39S  (Oaxsca) ;  Heerm.  P.  R.  R.  Rep.  z. 
pt.  Ti.  p.  70  (1859)  (Califoniia)  j  fTaiitor.Ibit,  1800,  p.  81fi  (Hon- 
duras); Gimdl.  J.f.  O.  1861,  p.  346  (Cubs);  Anonmwu,  Ibit, 
1862,  p.  289  (Maitinica) ;  Rom,  Canad.  Xat.  Tii.  p.  153  (Slavs 
Lake)  (1862) ;  id.  A'at.  But.  Bee.  (2)  i.  p.  288  (1602) ;  Haud.  Rep. 

1862,  p.  176;   rerr.Pr.Eu.Intt.m.v-  159(1862);  BlakUt.IbU, 

1863,  p.  150  (Hudson's  Buy) ;  GtindL  Repert.  Fiaico-Nat.  CWo, 
i.  p.  390  (186G)  i  Lawr.  Arm.  Lye.  X.  Y.  viii.  (186C)  p.  398 
(Long  Isl.)  (1867) ;  Coua,  Pr.  Et».  Iiut.  t.  p.  201  (1868) ;  ^. 
Sun.  Anat.  p.  130  (1869);  Steti.  U.  S.  Oeol.  Sun.  Terr.  p.  466  (1S70) ; 
6.  R.  Gr.  kmd-lut,  iii.  p.  90,  n,  10721  (1871) ;  Couen,  Key,  p.  205 
(1872) ;  id.  Check-Uet,  n.  619  (1873) ;  Sciat.  4-  Salv.  Xontaiel.  An. 
Neotrop.  p.  131  (1873) ;  Lawr.  Mem.  Boa.  Soc.  N.  H.  ii.  p.  315 
(1874)  (Mexico) ;  Deane,  Amer.  Nat.  viii.  p.  433  (1874)  (Cape  Cod, 
Mbm.);  Couei,  B.  N.-Weit,  p.  583  (1874);  Gmdi.J.f.  0.1874, 
p.  814  (Porto  Eico),  1876,  p.  384  (Cuba)  ;  Sclal.  ^  Salv.  P.  Z.  S. 
1876,  pp,  403,  411 ;  GwuU.  AnaL  Soc.  Eip.  Hiu.  Nat.  vii.  p.  407 
(1878)  (Porto  Rico) ;  id.  J.f.  0.  1878,  pp.  162,  191 ;  Vinies,  Am. 
"  ■     ■■        ^ il-feathere  (1878);  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880, 

1  III.  p.  189  (1880) ;  A.  ^  E.  Nea:t. 
'Saadb.  Jam.  p.  113  (1881);  Rtdyui.  Nam.  N.  Am.  B.  a.  CU 
(1881)  ;  Forbee, P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p. 456  (no  bulk  OBsea)  ;  Ootiet,CAfek- 
Ud,  2nd  ed.  p.  117,  u.  741  (1882) ;  id.  Key  N.  Am.  B.  2ud  ed. 
p.  715,  n.  741  (1884) ;  B.,  B.,  *  S.  WaUr-B.  N.  Am.  ii.  p.  104 
(1884);  Ourg,  Litt  B.  W.  Iiut.  p.  31  (1885);  Nekrl.  J.f.  O. 
1885,  p.  148:  Wetlt,  List  B.  Grenada,  p.  10  (1886) ;  A.  O.  U. 
Check-Tut  N.  Am.  B.  p.  134,  n.  107  (18gG( ;  ZeUdon,  An.  M,a. 
Nac.  Rep.  Coata  Rica,  1887,  p.  132  (Cat.  Av.  Cmta  Rica,  p.  132, 
n.6m,lfi87);Ridgw.Man.  N.Am.B.p.lia,  11.187(188");  Cory, 
Auk,  1888,  p.  OS;  id^B.  H'.  Jnrf.  p.  2M)  {Ifm);  FeUd  Ibii,  1 


67. 


447 


brawnish  black  :  "  bill  and  edges  of  the  eyelids  greyish  blue ;  uiB 
ha^el ;  feet  doll  greyisb  blue,  webs  inclining  to  dusky"  (^Audubon). 
Total  length  Iti  inches,  n-ing  6,  tail  3-75,  culmea  1-75,  tpJ-suB 
112. 

Female,  Fpper  half  of  tbo  head,  down  to  below  the  eyes,  and 
upper  parts  generally  dusky  greyish  brown,  minutely  freckled  and 
sometiniea  indistinctly  barred  with  greyish  buff,  more  reddish, 
almost  chestnut,  on  the  head ;  cheeks  like  the  top  of  the  head ;  a 
whitish  stripe,  freckled  with  brown,  from  the  base  of  the  bill 
almost  to  the  nape  ;  chin  and  throat  whitish  ;  neck  pale  brownish 
grey,  with  narrow  whitish  bands ;  lower  parts  whitish ;  sides  and 
flunks  with  broaUish  brown  bands  and  narrower  ones  of  a  whitish- 
butf  colour;  wings  dusky  brown,  finely  mottled  with  paler;  remiges 
uniform;  tail  brown;  bill  Unfiky.  Totul  length  about  IB  inches, 
wing  5-6,  tail  3-75,  culmen  i*6,  tarsus  1-1, 

Younff  malt.  Similar  to  the  female,  but  cheeks  whitish  buff,  with 
no  dark  streak  across,  and  sometimes  only  anteriorly  tinged  with 
dasky  brown  ;  under  tail-coverts  diatinctly  white. 

Young  in  down.  Above  dark  smoky  brown,  darker  on  head ;  a 
wfairish  spot  on  each  side  of  the  Irark ;  below  eye,  from  bill  to 
occiput,  a  stripe  of  brownish  white,  and  beneath  this  a  narrower 
one  of  dusky  brown,  conSuent  with  the  brown  of  the  nape :  beneath 
grej-ish  white,  shading  into  sooty  brown  on  chest. 

ffab.  Temperate  North  America,  from  Hudson's  Bay  to  Ciuate- 
mala,  Costa  Bica,  and  West  Indies ;  according  to  Itidgway,  also 
New  Granada ! 

Hudson's    Bar    Co 

[P-i 
Porchssed. 
Lord    Odo    RusseU 


N.  .^mericR  Bound- 
ary Comm.  [P,!. 
Saliin-fioduian  Coll. 
E.  S.  Cameron,  Esq. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Howard      Saunders, 

Eki.  I  P.l 
Salvin-Oodman  CoU. 

Salviu-Godmau  CoU. 

Salvin-Godiuan  O-'ll. 

Salvin-Godman  CoIL 

Salviu-Oodman  CoU. 


a.  cJad.st. 

N.  America. 

b.  PulL  St. 

N.  America. 

c.  2ad.sk. 

N.  America. 

i, «.  rf  2  ad.  et 

juT,  sk. 
/,!>.  J  ?  ad.  sk. 

Arctic  Exp. 

48th  Parallel. 

A.  ti  ad.  sk. 

Washington,  DC.  April. 

i.  (f  ad.  sk. 

North  Dakota,  May. 

k.   rf  jUT.  Sk. 

/.  a  iA.  sk. 

Gmod  Tower,  Illinois,  April. 

m,  B,  o.  (f  S  ad. 

Kirerdale,     Illinois,    Mny 

«k. 

(E.  W.NeUoH). 

p.  d  ju¥.  ak. 

Norf-olk.    Virginia  Jan.  ( W. 

Bremiter). 

f.  Pull.  sk. 

ArkauMS  Kver,  Aug.  (C.  E. 

Aikfo). 

^.  2  ad.  et  rf 

Corpus   Chrislj,  Texas,  Dee., 

juv.  sk. 

Jan,  (f,  B.  Armstrong). 

B-a:  <r  2  ad.  sk. 

Bcownsrille,     Texas,    March, 

April,  Nov.     (F.   B.    Arm- 

ilronr,). 

San  Fnncisco,  Cnliibrniii,  Oct. 
Mexico, 


S.  d  ad.  Bk.  V&llej  of  Mexico  {Le  Strange), 

e'.  Juv.  sk.  Affuaa  Galieo tea,  Mexico,  Auf. 

(W.  B.  Skhardtm). 
f,S'-  (J  2  B^-  Bk.     Dueiias,     Ouatemala,     Feb. 

(O.  So/m). 
A'.  (}  ad.  sk.  Mount  Eagle,  Jamaicaj  Mav 

( W.  Oilmm). 
{,k'.  ?  ad.  et  (J     [South  Amenca.] 

f.  Skeleton.  No  locality. 


Iwea,    Ek]. 

H.  J.  Elwes,    Eiq. 

Salvin-Oodman  ColL 
Salrin-Oodman  Coll. 

SalTin-Oodman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

Old  CoU. 

Salvin-Qodman  Coll. 


3.  Erismatnra  maecoa. 

Oxyura  maecoa,  Smith,  Cat.  S.  Afr.  Mut.  p.  37,  n.  329  (1837)  (descr. 

nulla)  i  id.  lU.  Zool.  S.  Afr.,  Avn,  pis.  108.  109  (1847). 
EriBraatura  maecoa,  %*.  Mm.  Anat.  p.  169  (1838)  { $ )  andian 

lilea!):  0.  R.  Or.  UA  B.  Brit.  Mu$.  iii.  p.  146  (1644^  (South 

Amencal) ;  «1  Qen.  B.  iii.  p.  627,  n.  4  (1844){  Licht  Nomntcl. 

Av.  p.  103  (1854)  (S.  Africa) ;  Las/ard,  B.  S.  Afr.  p.  3fi6  (1867) ; 

E^t.  Sf/n.  Av.  p.  128  (juv.)  (1869);  Aj/re*,  Ibit,  1809,  p.  302 

(Tranavaal) ;  f?urn.  ia  Anihru.  S.  Damara  Land,  p.  344  (1872) 

(Oiango  River) ;    Skarpe,  Lavarit  B.  S.  Afr.  p.  762  (1884) ; 

Salvad.  Am.  Mui.   Civ.   Oen.  (2)  i.  p.  249  (I8t4)  (Shoa) ;  Gigl. 

ibid.  vi.  p.  60  (1880)  (Shoa) ;  Salead.  ibid.  p.  325  (1880)  (Shoa) ; 

B^nw.  rSg.  DeuUch-Oit-Afr.  p.  26  (Kihaya,  MassM). 
OiTun  (Eriamatura)  maecoa,  E}ft.  Man.  Anat.,  list  of  plates,  pi.  S4. 

1 1  (1838). 
Erismatura  leucocephala  africana,  Schnb.  Syn.  Av.,  Natatores,  t.  76. 

i.  809  (184.')). 


South  Abica. 


.  ERisMATcn*.  449 

Some  specimona,  perhaps  not  very  old,  have  the  median  wing- 
coverts  edged  with  chestnut  and  the  under  ttul-coverts  llagod  with 
reddish  {Mm.  Turin). 

Female.  Similar  to  those  of  B.  ruhida  and  B.  vitlala,  but  is 
easily  distinguished  by  the  much  broader  bill  (1  inch  in  the 
broadest  part),  and  in  havin<;  the  upper  parts  with  broader  freckled 
band^  of  a  brighter  buff  colour ;  from  the  female  of  E.  vUlaUt  it 
differs  also  in  lacking  the  distinct  wh.ite  under  tail-covorts. 

Afate  in,  inoalting  drttt.  Intermediate  between  the  adult  female 
and  the  adult  male,  having  the  head  nearly  black  with  many  whitish 
feathers  on  the  sides ;  throat  whitish,  with  many  black  feathers ; 
feathers  of  the  bock  dusky,  finely  freckled  with  chestnut,  the  edges 
chcatnul;  a  chestnut  tinge  on  the  edges  of  the  feathere  of  ihu 
tliruat  and  of  the  flanks :  rest  of  the  uuderparts,  wings,  and  tail  as 
ill  the  female  ;  only  the  wings  show  a  slight  chestnut  tinge  on  the 
edges  of  the  median  wing-coverts  (.Vwt.  Turin). 

Hah.  South  A&ica,  North  to  Orange  Uiver  on  the  West,  to  Shoa 
on  the  East. 

Sir  A.  Smith  [P.], 
(Types  of  the  species.) 

4.  Eriamatnra  ferruginea. 
Eri«mfttnm  ferrufrioea,  Eyt.  Moh.  Ami.  p.  170  (Chili  P)  {183-*) ; 
a.  IL  Gr.  LUt  B.  Brit.  .Wi»-  iii.  p.  14R  (ISU)  :  O.  R.  Or.  ^ 
Miteh.  0<m.  H.  iii.  p.  627.  n,  3,  pi.  lOSI  (1«U) ;  BfkiA.  %«.  Av., 
Natalnroa,  t.  78.  f.  8»8  (1815)  (ex  Gr.  ^  Mitch.);  &lat.  -t  Hah. 
P.  Z.  8. 186^,  p.  177  (3.  Peru),  p.  570  (W.  Peru);  £y.  Sgv. 
A»at.  p.  129  (1809);  Or.  R.  «c.  tfand-Zirf,  Hi.  p.  90,  n.  lU7:i2 
(part.)  Jli^~ll ;  Taa.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  564  (agm.  Pmu)  ;  Sclat. 
P.  Z.  S.  1>W0,  p.  5.30  (part.) ;  ?  Satv.  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  42S ;  Tiic^ 
Om.  iVc.  iii.  p.  484  (18*!);  Rid'jio.  Man.  N.Am.  B.  p.  Ur( 
(part.)  (1887). 

Similar  to  B.  viilata,  bat  with  a  muoh  broader  and  lai^cr  hill. 

Tbu  adult  maU  has  the  chestnut  oolonr  of  the  breast  much 
deeper,  a  white  K|»t  on  the  chin,  ranch  darker  brown  undcrparts, 
and  the  under  tuil-coverta  chcslnut ;  "  hill  bluish  lead,  lower 
mo ndible  yellow ;  feet  hrown,  with  the  webs  darker;  iridoa  brown  " 
{Tofianowttcy).  Total  length  about  17  inufaes,  wing  0,  toil  3, 
culmoQ  1-7,  broiidest  part  of  the  bill  0-86.  birsua  1-39. 

The  ndult  female  is  easily  distingaished  by  banng  the  cheeks 
brown,  with  no  whitish  band  under  the  eyes;  there  is  only  a  whitish 
indistinct  spit  on  the  cheeks  near  the  haae  of  the  bill. 

Hub.  lluUvia  and  Peru. 


a,b.  cf  S  nd.  St.       Chili  ? 

e,d,*.J^(A.  et    Lake  Tittcaca,  Pvru  < 

ci  juT.  sk.  %'eitch). 

/.  {J  ad.  sk.  Vicinity    of    Iiiraa, 

(Nation). 
•J.  i  ad.  sk.  Lajruna    de    Tambo, 

(//.   Whitelg). 
SOU  XXVII. 


O.Crawli-v.Esq.il*.]. 

(Typos  of  llie  speoien,) 

MfUTS.    SiilTin-OiMlman  ColL 

Peru        Sill  vin-God  man  ColL 


450  ISATID-K. 

5.  EriBmatnia  tsqaatorialls. 

Very  similar  to  B.  frrnyinea,  but  Bomen'hat  smaller,  and  the 
male  has  tiut  chestnut  colour  of  the  upper  parts  and  breast  brighter 
and  the  under  tail-covorts  white,  instead  of  chestnut. 

The  femalf,  similar  to  that  of  E.  ftmi/jiaea,  has  no  whitish  band 
under  the  eyes. 

Hah.  Ecuador. 
a.  d  ad.  ak.      Antisana,  Ecuad^.r  (C.  Burklfy).     SalTin-Godraan  Coll.  I 
h.  $  ad.  Hk.      Sical,  Ecuador  (  VUUujomei),  Salvin-Godmao  Coll.  [ 

(Types  of  the  species.) 


ii.  ErismatnTa  Tittata. 
Erismatum  terruginea,  Bridgft  (nee  Entoji),  P.  Z.  S.   1843,  ] 


119 


(Lakeuf  QuiDtero,Cbili){  Hartl.  Vtrz.  Ge*.  Mw,.  ^.  \2\  ilSii) ; 
Dti  Mwt  in  Gaff,  Hut.  Hat.  Chile,  i.  p.  468  (Centr.  Chili)  (1848) ; 
G.  S.  Gr.  Gen.  B.,  App.  p.  28  (1849) ;  HaHt.  Kanmannia,  1863, 
p.  222,  n.  171?  i  Bibra,  Z>oifoeAr.  Ak.  Wirn,  v.  p.  -204  (1853) ;  id. 
^  '.  O.  1856,  p.  67 :  Bp.  Compt.  Bfud.  xUii.  p,  652.  -     "" 


1861,  p.  2fl4  (Belgium !) ;  Beh..  Rrite  Aovara,  log.  p.  139  (1866) 
(Chili) ;  ScM.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  pp. 336,340  (Chili) ;  Phil,  ij-  Lmdb. 
Orf.^r.  CTi7.p.43(186fi);  G.R.Gr.  fl^mKf-JfX.iii.  p.  00,n.  10722 
(part.)  (1871);  Burm.  P.  Z.  S.  1871',  p.  368  (Argentine);  Sclat. 
P.Z.S.  1872,  p.  649  (Rio  Neftro,  Patapinia);  Sclat.  ^  Sale. 
Nometid.  Av.  Neotrop.  p.  131  (1873);  Jhin^f.  Ibit,  1876,  p.  1«3 
(BuenoH  Avres);  Sdat.  ^  Sale.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  404;  thimf. 
Ibit,  1871,  p.  42  (Cbuput),  p.  102  (Buenos  Arres),  1878.  p.  401 
(Central  Pata(i:onia) ;  Slat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  630  (part.) :  B..  B., 
^  S.  Water-B.  H.  Am.  ii.  p.  104  (1884)  ;  Berl.  J.  f.  0.  1887, 
p.  133  (ParaguftvP):  Jtidqa.  Man.  A'.  Am.  B.  p.  113  (part.) 
(1887) ;  Phili/'p,-'  Oniif,  iv.  p.  llJO  l.\9i^b)  (Anlofagaslnl  ;  Barm. 
An.   Mv».   Xa^.  B»,m.   Air.   iii.   p.  248    (ratnj;.   eept.)    |1888)  ; 


r 


57.   BRIRMATUBA.  451 

Uaok ;  iris  dark  red  **  {Burmeister).  Total  length  about  17*5  inches, 
wing  5-75,  tail  3*5,  colmen  1*65,  broadest  part  of  the  bill  0*8, 
tannia  1*2. 

RmaU*  AboTO  brown,  irregularly  and  indistinctlj  barred  with 
buff ;  upper  part  of  the  head  almost  uniform  brown ;  cheeks  dark 
brown  with  paler  dottings ;  a  buffish-white  stripe  under  the  eyes 
from  the  base  of  the  bill  to  the  occiput ;  throat  whitish ;  under- 
parts  sUvery  whitish  at  the  tip  of  the  feathers,  but  the  bases  of  the 
fisathers  brown,  showing  through  more  or  less ;  flanks  brown,  with 
broadish  white-buff  bands  ;  under  tail-coverts  conspicaously  white ; 
wings  dusky  brown,  freckled  with  buff  on  the  median  wing-coverts ; 
under  wing-coverts  and  axillaries  greyish  brown  edged  with  white ; 
tail  brown. 

Young.  Similar  to  the  female. 

Male  in  moulting  dress,  Similar  to  the  female,  but  the  upper  part 
of  the  head  barred  with  chestnut-brown  ;  many  chestnut  feathers 
among  the  brown  ones  of  the  upper  parts,  and  some  also  on  the 
flanks  {Mus.  Turin), 

Hah,  Southern  America,  from  Chili  to  Uruguay,  Argentine,  and 
Patagonia. 

a,  (S  ad.  sk.             No  locality.  Eyton  Coll. 

h.  ($  ad.  sk.              ?  Cliili  ( Capt.  Markham).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

e,  (S  juv.  sk.            Tarapacdy  Chili.  H.  Berkeley  James, 

Esq.  [P.]. 

dfS.  c?  5  ad.  sk.       Prov.  Santiago,  Chili  (Leyboicl).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/-L   S  5   ad.  et    Central  Chili.  H.  Berkelev  James, 

cJ  juv.  sk.  Esq.  [P.]. 

w^-r,   cJ  2  ad.,  S     Rio  Pilmwquen,  Chili,  Feb.,  H.  Berkeley  James, 

imm.^etjuv.  sk.        March.  Esq.  [P.j. 

s.  S  imm.  sk.          The    Market,    Monte   Video,  H.     Dumford,    Esq. 

April.  [P.]. 

<,  ti.  $  ad.  sk.          S.  Amerioft.  Eyton  Coll. 

7.  Erismatura  australis. 

Oxvura  australis,  Gould,  P.  Z.  S.  1836,  p.  8o  (Australia) ;  id.  Syn.  B, 

Atistr.  pi.  —  (head  d  2 )  (1837). 
Erismatura  australis,  Eyt.  Man.  Anaf.  p.  172  (18:38);  G.  JR.  Gr. 

List  B.  Brit.  Mm.  iii.  p.  146  (1844) ;  id.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  627,  n.  5 


p.  870  (1865) ;  Eyt.  Syn.  Anat.  p.  131  (1860) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Hand- 
list, iii.  p.  IK),  n.  10720  (1871) ;  Rams.  /V.  Linn.  Sac.  N.  S.  W.  i. 
pp.  190,  220  (1876)  (Melhoume),  ii.  p.  200,  n.  6a3  (1878)  (Vic- 
toria, S.  and  W.  Australia) :  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  530 ;  Ram^ 
say,  Tab.  List,  p.  22,  n.  675  (1888) ;  TrUtr.  Cat.  Coll.  B.  p.  47 
(1889) ;  North,  Descr.  Cat.  Nests  and  Eygs  B.  Austr.  p.  346  (1889) ; 
K,  H,  Bennett,  Ibis,  1891,  pp.  148-145 ;  North,  Rec,  Austr.  Mu$. 
iL  p.  87  (1892)  (Tasmania). 

Bixiura  australis,  iS^rA/f^.  ^l/ttf.  P.^B.,  Anseres,  p.  11  (1866);  Oie^. 
Tkes.  Om.  i.  p.  467  (syn.  emend.)  (1872). 

Oxyura  (Erismatura)  australis,  Eyt.  Suppl,  to  Osteof.  Av.  pi.  16  ( $  * 
il[eleton)(1869). 

2e2 


4S2  AKATID^. 

Adult  jnaU.  Head,  throat,  and  neck  black ;  breast,  back,  and 
.  flanks  rich  chestnut ;  rump  browniah  black,  freckled  or  barred  with 
irregular  pale  reddish  linea ;  upper  tail-coverts  tinged  with  chest- 
nut;  belly  and  under  tail-coverts  brown,  with  the  tips  of  the 
feathers  ^ver^  rufous-white;  winp  and  tail  dark  browu;  apper 
winj^coverts  and  secondaries  sprinkled  with  paler  points ;  under 
wing-coverta  and  azillaries  grey,  edged  with  white :  "  irides  very 
dark  brown  ;  bill  light  blue;  front  and  inner  side  of  the  tarsi  and 
toes  French-i^j,  outside  of  the  tarsi  and  webs  blackish  grey " 
■(OokM).  Total  length  about  16  inches,  wing  €-2,  tail  2-(),  culiiicn 
1*6,  tarsus  1-25. 

Female.  Brown;  upper  parts  darker,  marked  with  zigzag  lines 
and  freckles  of  a  pale  buff-rufous  colour ;  lighter  and  more  grvyish 
brown  on  the  under  sur&oe,  where  the  feathers  hare  silfory 
ycUowiah  tips  :  "  bill  dark  oliTe-greeu,  the  under  mandible  lighter 
than  the  upper  ;  irides,  lega,  and  feet  aa  in  the  male  "  (^Qould).  bize 
about  the  same  as  that  of  the  male. 

Hab.  Southern  and  Western  Australia  and  Tasmania. 

d,  6,  cj'  $  ad.  St.  W.  Australia.  Purchaspd. 

e,d.  J  $  ad.  St.  New  South  Wales.         Aualralisn  Museum  [I'.]. 

t.  cf  inim.  sk.  Australia.  Salvin-Godmon  Coll. 

58.  SIZIUKA*. 

Ttp*. 
fiiiiura,   LeaeA,   M8. ;  Sleph.   Gat.   Zool   jji.   2,   p.   221 

(1824) B.  l„bata. 

HTdrobates,    Tenim.  I'l.    Col   400   (livr.  68,   1820)    (nee 

'Boie,  1822) B.  lobata. 

Range.  Confined  to  Australia. 

1.  Biziiira  lobata. 


58.  nixiruA. 


433 


p.  308,  n.  1795  (1849);  Jichnb.  Av.  «»«(.  .Vfl(.  p.  vii,  tnb.  Tii. 
(I852J;  Lichl.  Nomencl.  Av.  p.  103  (fri54);  Bp.  Compt.  Rend. 
xliii.  p.  662,  n.  155  (1856);  Pets.  lUke  Nomra,  Fw.  p.  139 
{im5)iOould.  Handb.  n.  Au»t>:  u.  p.  .'181  (1865);  SchUg.  Mut. 
F.~B.,  Aiweres,  p.  7  (18661;  Ramt.  Ibit,  1867.  p.  413,  pi.  viii. 
t  1  (^g)i  Mall.  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  280  (. Melbourne  J ;  £i/t. 
Sj/n.  AnaL  p.  \iii  (1300):  id.  Su/ipl,  to  OsUul.  An.  pi.  — 
(cf  5)  (1869);  O.  n.  Or.  Jfnnd-lut,  iu.  p.  90,  n.  10716  (1871); 
Gieb.  Tha.  Ont.  i.  p.  467  (1872);  Siutden.  MttH.  nat.  Aa. 
disp.  Tmt.  p.  150  (1872) ;  Diggl.  B.  Austr.  ii.  pi.  117  (1877) ; 
Samt.Pr.  Liim.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.  i.  pp.  196,  210,  219  (1877),  ii. 
p.  300,  ii.0«i4  (ISrSt;  ScUit.  P.Z.8.  1880,  pp.  539.  sys,  1882, 
p.  311  (Zool.  Gard.) ;  Forbeit,  P.  Z.  8.  1882,  pp.  45n-458  (an«i- 
tomy);  Salt.  Cat.  B.  StncM.  CaU.  p.  540  (1882);  Saand.  Ibu, 
1883,  p.  351 ;  Sflat.  ZW  Vert.  An.  8lh  ed.  p.  442  (1883) ;  Legge, 
Pr.  S.  Soc.  Tajsm.  1886,  p,  245  (Twmuiia)  (1887) ;  Rami.  Tab. 
LiH,  p.  22,  n.  675  (1888);  Triitr.  Cat.  CWt  A  p.  40  (1889); 
North,  Dtter.  Cat.  tfeal*  and  Eggt  B,  Atatr.  p.  346  (1689);  K. 
H.  Bennett,  Ibu,  189t.  p.  145 ;  llmlert,  Kat.  VoffeUammi.  p.  233 
(1891) ;  SAar/f,  Cat.  OOfot.  ^«tim.  R.  C.  S.  iii.  p.  309  (1891). 

Bbean  lobate,  Es/f.  Ami.  ^  Mag.  N.  H.  vii.  p.  177  (1641). 

liiisroatura  lobftta,  SchUg.  De  Dierent.  p.  375  (186i). 

EriamaturB  (Biiiiira)  lubnta.  Re/inas.  Ont.  CentmlU.  1883,  p.  4  ;  id. 
Fog.  sool.  Giirt.  p.  44  (1883). 

AdiiU  ntale.  Upper  part  o£  the  head  and  nape  bron'oisb  black, 
sprinkled  with  fine  [loiuts  of  a  lighter  colour,  scarcely  visiblo : 
remaiodcr  of  the  upper  surface,  chest,  and  Hanks  blackish  brown, 
cnwsed  by  numerous  narrow  freckled  bars  of  bulfy  white,  in  wme 
spocimiins  almost  obsolete  ;  sides  of  tbe  head  and  neck  lighter,  the 
pale  and  blackidh  bars  broader;  uoderparts  buffy  white  at  the  tip 
of  the  feathers  ;  under  tail-coverta  dark  brown,  crossed  with  bnffy' 
white  banda  at  the  tip  of  tho  feathers ;  quills  and  tail-feathers 
blackish  brown  ;  irides  dark  brown :  "  bill  and  large  lobe  beneath 
the  chin  greenish  black ;  legs  and  Feet  dark  leaden  grey  ;  inside  of 
the  tarsi  greenish  grey "  ( Gou7(i),  Total  Ifingth  about  20  iuohes, 
wing  9-25,  tail  6,  eulmen  1-7,  tarsus  1-55. 

Female.  Similar  to  the  male  in  colour,  but  much  smaller,  and 
alio  the  lobe  beneath  tho  chin  much  smaller.  Total  length  about 
23  inches,  wing  7*5,  eulmen  1-4. 

Mr.  Gould  SBj-s  that  the  fcraatc  is  sometimes  destitute  of  the 
lobe  benoath  the  chin  ;  but  I  think  that  he  was  mistaken,  an  every 
Kliecimen  in  the  collection,  even  the  young  in  down,  is  furnished 
with  the  lobe. 

Young  in  down.  Upper  piirts,  head,  neck,  upper  part  of  the 
breast-,  sides  and  flanks  uniform  dark  brown,  scarcely  lighter  round 
the  fiice,  at  the  base  of  the  bill ;  lower  breasi,  abdomen,  and 
under  tiitl-coverts  whitish. 

Hab.  Australia,  except  the  northern  ]>Brt,  and  Tasmania. 


«.  .^  ad  ek. 

.\ustralia. 

Ooiild  Cll. 

h.  .\A.  sk. 

Aunralia. 

Purcliased. 

r.  d.  .\a.  sk. 

Anslhilia. 

Sal  viii-Uoanmn  Coll. 

«.   2  ad.  sk. 

Auslmlia. 

Impend  liutitute  [f. 

454 

/-<■.   c 


i*^- 


l,m.  t}  S  ad.  sk. 
tt.  $  ad.  Bk. 
o,p.  rf  2  ad.  at. 
f.  9  ad.  Bk. 


ANATIDS. 

S.  Aiwtralut. 

Ijawrearc     River 

(Irvinff). 
New  South  Wales. 
Xpw  .South  Walej.. 
TaBinania. 

TB>mnjiiii. 


C.  D.  E  Foitniim,  Eiq. 

Salvin-r.odman  Coll. 

.^usti'alinn  Mueeum[P.]. 
Hume  Coll. 

Vilt.irifln  Museum  [P."!. 
(iould  Toll, 


Subfamily  X.  MERGANE'II'IN/E. 
Kfi/  to  Ike  Genera. 

a.  Upper  mandible  with  pruminent  lamellte  u[i 
tha  edged;    eil(!es  ot  the  upper  mandible 
bent  inwarda  towards  the  lip;  tail-feathera 
modL-ratulv  broad. 
a'.  Edges  of  the  upper  mandible  at  tb*^  tip  [p.  454. 

not  soft ;  wiogB  witli  a  distinct  speculum.     59.  Salvavobina, 
A'.  Edffee  of  the  upper  muidibk  at  the  lip  [p.  455. 

soft )  no  wing-speculum 00.  IlYURNOL^uva, 

t.  Upperm audible  with  nopromiueut lamellR; 
edges  of  tha  upper  mandible  not  bout 
inwards  towards  ttie  tip;  tail -feathers 


■tiffand  wilhvi 


webs    01.  Mkhoanktta, 


SalTadorina,  Ji»/tA»rk.  ^  Uarlert,  X< 
(1894) 


:>!•.  SALTADOEINA. 

Zool.  i.  p.  tid3 


Tjpe. 
S.  waigiuen«ia. 


Rawje.  Confined  to  ^Vaigiou. 


455 

incliea,  wing  7'-^,  tail  4-8,  outer  tail-feathere  3'2,  oulmen  1-4,  tarsus 
1-5.     iBoihschUd  Con.) 

It  eeems  to  mo  that  this  extremely  singular  bird,  which  Messrs. 
BothschUd  and  Hartert  hsre  done  me  the  hononr  of  naming  after 
nae,  has  its  nearest  ftlly  in  IlymeTioItemut ;  and  for  the  present  I 
think  they  nrnst  both  find  their  place  near  Aftrffanflla,  although 
it  is  qnite  ptissible  that  tboy  btlong  to  a  distinct  subfamily.  The 
species  of  the  genera  Hymenolamat  and  Meryamtta  arc  all  monntain- 
stream  Ducks,  and  I  believ-e  it  will  aliio  be  found  that  Salvadorina 
has  the  same  habits. 
Bah.  Waigiou. 

60.  HYMEHOLffiMTTS.  ^ 

Mnlscorhvnchus,    Wagl.   {nee   Sa.)   hit.    I83S, 

p.  l&JfJ n.  maliicorhyochus. 

HymenolairauB,  G.  R.  Gr.  Ann.  ^  M<y.  S.   H. 

xi.  p.  370  (1843} H.  malacorhynchus. 

HyraeooUeiniw,  Ayau.  Sam.  ZooL,  Ind.    Univ. 

p.  190  (1846). 
Range.  Confined  to  the  New  Zfalandian  sobiegion. 

1.  HTineDolsemas  malacorliyiichos. 

Blue-grey  Diick  with  a  noft  bill,  Cook,  V-y.  i.  pp.  72,  B7 ;  Forat.  Foy. 
i.  p.  157  (1777). 

Soft-bilied  Dock,  Lath.  S<pi.  iii.  2,  p.  622,  n.  67  (1785), 

Anna  malocorhTnchos,  Gm.  S.  A',  i.  2,  p.  5-M,  n.  59 ',  178S) ;  TmI^.  Ind. 
Ont.  ii.  p,  862,  n.  76  (1790) ;  Bon-i.  -E'ic.  Milk.  i.  p.  12  (1790) ; 
rUill.  A'.  IJ.  V.  p.  119  (IrilO);  Dam.  Diet.  Sc.  Nat.  vi.  p.  397 
{1817ji  Bllnuin,  Xmloff.  1861,  p.  7471. 

RhyDcbaspix  maJarorhynchofl,  StrjA.Gm.  Zool.  lii,  3,  p.  123  (1824). 

Midiicorhvuchug  furaterorum,  Wagl.  leia,  183:i,  p.  1335;  O.  R.  Gr. 
m  Dieff.  Trav.  ii.  App.  p.  198  (1843). 

Malaeorhynchuj  inembmiacHua,  faTl.,Eyt.  Man.  Anal.  p.  136(1838). 

Hymeuolniuius  ninlacorbyocbua,  G.  It.  Or.  Ann.  4*  Mim,  jV.  S.  xi. 
p.  370  (1843);  id.  Lut  B.  BrU.  Afw  iii.  p.  142  (1844);  id.  if 
Mitek.  Gm.  B.  iii.  p.  623,  pi.  168  (18M);  ft^n*.  ^.  Av., 
Natalorec,  t.  77.  f.  893  (1845)  (er  Gray  ^  Miteh.);  id.  Av. 
Stftt.  Nat.  p.  viii  (1853);  G.  R.  Or.  Ibis,  1862,  p.  241  (syn. 
emend.) ;  lUdor,  Neic  Z»at.  Exh.  p.  377  (Otago)  (laii6j ;  Hnail, 
J.  f.  O.  1868,  p.  344;  ffutton,  Ibis,  1870,  p.  .198  (Auckland) ; 
FintcA,  J.f.  O.  1870,  p.  358;  PotU,  Tr.  N.  Z.  Intt.  ii.  1869, 
p.  73  (1870),  iii,  1870,  p.  103  (1871) ;  HhU.  Cat.  B.  N.  Zeal.  p.  37 
(1871) ;  Firm:/!,  J.f.  0. 1872,  p.  187 ;   fraoen,  Tr.  N.  Z.  Inst.  iv. 


i871,pp.  206,  308 '(1672);  Fikx^h,  J.f.  O.  1874,  p.  202. 
Anas  malHcorhyuchB,  Font.  Icon.  toed.  I.  74 ;  id.  Ducr. 


Ud. 


£icU.)p.94(1844);  Gi^.  Tket.  Om.i,  p.  356  (1872)  (pvn.  emend.). 
Bjiuenolnmua  nialacorhvncbus,  Bp.  Comiit.  Bai'l.  xliii.  p.  U51, 
n.  153  (18.56);  Layard,  IbU.  1863,  p.  ^40  ^^apier.  E.  coast); 
Smd.  MM.  mit.  Ap.  di»p.  Teat.  p.  148  (1872);  Suiter,  Iliit.  B. 
2/eK  Zeal.  p.  262,  pi.  -  (1878) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  463  (Zool. 
Gard.),  1880,  p.  5^  ;  BuUer,  Mm.  B.  A'eip  Zeal.  p.  / 1,  pL  j"i 
"■      '    " "  (Alp'       -  -' 


I  (Zoo).  Oard.);  Bulkr.Sid. 


li.  1888,  p.  m  (1889);  B«H.  Tr.  N.  Z. 

ln$l.  xxiv.  1801,  p.  86  (fledgling  and  joung)  (1892),  xxt.  1692, 

p.  82  (1893). 
HjmeiiolBimue  malscorlivDchoa,  O.  S.  Gr.  Himd^ut,  JiL  p.  8S, 

n.  10702  (1871). 
FulignU  (HTmenolsmos)   malacorhvDcLa,  Rchnw.  Om.  CtntraM. 

1862,  p.  6';  id.  Voj,.  zool.  Gart.  p.  47  (1882). 

Adtdt  male.  General  plnniage  Icod-bloc  ;  the  crovn  of  tho  head 
and  nape  vith  an  olive  wash,  very  faint  od  the  rest  of  the  upper 
parts,  tho  anterior  part  of  the  head  darker  than  the  rest;  breast 
thickly  spotted  with  chestiint ;  no  speculnm  on  wing ;  secondaries 
with  a  narrow  whit«  band  at  the  tip  ;  tcrtials  edged  with  black  oa 
the  onter  web  :  "  irideH  bright  yellow  ;  bill  white  horn-colour,  the 
tip  and  the  lateral  membrano  black  ;  legs  and  feet  dark  brown " 
(BuUer),  Total  length  about  19  inches,  wing  9*5,  tail  4-3,  colmen 
1-66,  tarsus  1-95. 

Female.  "  Slightly  smaller  than  the  male,  bnt  similar  in  plumage, 
excepting  that  there  is  little  or  no  olive  tinge  on  the  head  and  upper 
enrface,  less  chestnut  on  the  breast,  while  there  ore  cbeBtnot  spots 
on  the  under  tail-coverts," 

Young.  "  General  plumage  lighter,  and  the  anderparts  whitish  ; 
the  green  gloss  which  pervades  the  plumage  of  the  upper  parts  in 
the  adult  almost  entirely  absent ;  hind  head  and  nape  dull  cinereons 
brown  ;  breast  obscnrely  spotted  with  dosky  and  brown,  sometimes 
barred  with  chestnut  at  the  insertion  of  tho  wings ;  under  tail-corerts 
dull  rufous-brown  "  {BuUtr). 

Fledgling.  "  The  colours  are  those  of  the  adnlt,  but  paler.  Tho 
long,  soft,  white  down  is  still  present  on  the  throat  and  lower  side 
of  the  cheeks,  whilst  broken  or  irregular  lines  of  the  same  proceed 
from  the  frontal  base  and  from  the  sides  of  the  upper  mandible,  and 


ni.    JIEGGII 


467 


L 


AJ.  sk.  Now  ZeRland.  Capt  Sir  G.  GreT  [P.]- 

d  «d.  ak,  Duskv  Buy,  New  Zealiiud,  Capt.  Stokca  [P. J. 

Feb.  (Zir.  Lyall). 

a.  r!  iul-  fi  iium.     E^liutoD  River,  S.  IbIsikI,  Colonial  Museum  [P.]. 
ak.                                N".  Zi'iiland,  Feb. 

,  Slii;letou.  OMgu,  New  Zealnnd.  OlaBO  Miueum  [P.]. 

(il.  KEEGANETTA.  ^^^^ 

Mwfffttietts,  OouAf,  P.  Z.  .V.  18 U.  J).  OS    M.  .irninU. 

Rliphipl«ru3,  firty,  AfJas  ih-  hi  Hist.  JU,  y  pobl.  de  Chile, 
pi. —  (18^4,  ifiile  JJes  Mum.  Icon.  Orn.,  ijfWe  Merga- 
tiettn,  p.  2,  li|i43)  M.  arnitttn. 

Illlnphinterus,  lies  Mim  in  (iaii,  Ilitt.  de  Chile,  Zml,  1. 
p.  VA  (1648). 

Ritvgc.  Confined  to  the  Andes. 

Key  to  the  Sjiecif*. 
.  Lower  fUTts  not  uiiiSnTii  ciimauion   or   reddish 

fulvuus.  {Males.) 
<i.  Anterior  port  of  the  che«ka  below  thceyesand 
Ihront  black,  like  the  bn-nat. 
a".*  White  of  the  auperciliiuT  atriim  Boimrnted 
by  a  vertical  blnek  band  from  the  trinng^liir 

white  patch  before  the  eyes    fttenaia,  p.  458. 

i".  White  nf  the  superciliary  stripe  eontiimona 
with  the  white  of  the   triungiilur   pntch 

befiire  the  eyes armata,  p.  4.W. 

tt.  Checks  and  throat  white. 

c".  Breast  and  flanks  blai'k ;    fentbeiB  of  the 

back  edge<l  with  nifouH-brown tiiriieri,  p.  4tlO. 

it'.  Breast  and  flanks  net  black,  but  nliitish, 
the   feathers  with  dusky  tnesini  spots   or 

a'".  Feathers  of  the  back  and  scapulars  edg^ 
with  greyish  while,  lower  pnrts  tiugped 

with  pale  reddish parlrppi,  p.  400. 

i'".  Feathers  of  the  hack  and  acapulnrs  edged 
with  olive-brown. 
ij'.  Uri>und-colour  of  breast  nud  abdomen 

whitish  with  a  sliji'bt  rusty  tiu^  ....     leucoffeat/s,  p.  4til. 
li'.  Qrouud-colour  of  breast  and  abdoiueu 

white columliiana,  p.  4(12. 

.  Lower  parte  unifarm  ciunaiuon  or  reddish  fulvous. 

(Frmaks). 
e'.  Hind  part  of  the  cheeks  and  sides  of  the  neck 
undolnted  with  grey  and  htiick  narrow  bands. 
e".  Uuderparts  of  a  deep  cinnamon  colour. 

c'".  Under  wiog^OTerts  uniform  lead-grey  . .     aiimila,  p.  4.58, 
J",  Under    wing-coverta    lead^rev,    undu- 
lated with  whitish  {Tacxrmuwtki) leucoi/eTnja,  p.  461. 

f,  Undorparts  of  a  cinaanion  colour,  lighter 

than  in  the  female  of  M:  armata lumeri,  p.  400. 

(T.  Hind  port  of  the  checks  and  sides  of  the  neck 
like  the  whole  of  the  imderports,  uniform  ful- 
vous       columiiiina,  p.  1132. 


1 


45S  iN.lTID*. 

1.  Merganetta  flnenata,  ep.  n.    (Plate  V.) 
Aduh  maU.  Similar  to  the  male  of  M.  armata,  but  dilfera  in 
having  a  black  band  orer  and  before  the  ejes  joining  the  black  of 
the  pileum,  bo  that  on  the  lores,  anteriorly,  there  iu  a  triangular 
white  patch  completely  eeparatcd  from  the  white  saperciliary  stripe ; 
the  lower  parte  are  of  a  paler  reddish  than  in  M.  armata,  and  the 
fathers  with  broader  mesial  black  stripes ;   lower  abdomen  and 
nnder  tail-coverts  blacker.     Total  length  about  18  inches,  wing  7, 
tail  4-4,  culmen  1*2,  tarsus  1-(S. 
Female.  Unknown. 
HfA.  Chili,  but  the  exact  locality  unknonn. 


Centra!  Chili. 


H.  Berkeley  James,  Esq.  [l'.~ 
(Type  of  the  species.) 


2.  Herganetta  armata^ 

Anas P,  Bridget,  P.  Z.  S  1841,  p.  95  (Andes  of  Chili). 

MeiKaaetta  armsta,  Gould,  P.  Z.  S.  1«4I,  p.  Hfi  (Andes  of  Chili)  ; 
Fraier,  F.  Z.  S.  1843,  p.  119 ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Ua  B.  Brit.  Mut.  iii. 
p.  148  (1844);  Gray  ^  Mitch.  Otn.  B.  iii.  p.  628,  pi.  170  (rf) 
(1844) ;  Echnb.  Syn.  At.,  Natatores.  t.  78.  f.  897  (1845)  (er  Gr.  * 
Mitch.);  ZJi;»;Vur»,/cw».  Om.pl.  48(5, Chili){184r);  G.R.Gt. 
Gm.  B.,  App.  p.  28  (part.)  (1849);  Schnh.  Sun.  Ac,  Natalores, 
t.  79.  ff.  a223-24  (1860);  id.  Av.  ^st.  Nat. -p.  in,  Uib.  yl.  (1852) ; 
Hartl.  Naumannia,  1863,  p.  2^2 ;  Bibra,  Denkechr.  Akad.  Wien, 
T.  p.  132  (1853);  Utht.  Somencl.  Ac.  p.  lat  (1854);  Bibra, 
J.f.  O.  1855,  p-  57;  Bp.  Compt.  Rmd.  xliii.  p.  652,  n.  IM  (1856) ; 
Com.  U.S.  Aitron.  Exped.  ii.  p.  204  (1866) :  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1867. 
p.  340 ;  Sclat.  ^  Salv.  Exot.  Om.  p.  200  (1869) ;  Bft.  &/».  Anat. 
p.  140  (part.)  (1869);  G.  R.  Gr.  Jfand-litt,  iii.  p.  00,  r.  107i'5 
(1871) ;  Sclat.  *  Salv.  Nomend.  Av.  Ntatrop.  p.   131   (U" " 


fil.  J 

and  broadly  edged  with  while 
of  a  lead-colour  ;  upper  tail-co 
and  whitish  ;  breuet  aiid  nbdoi 
the  middle  of  the  feathers ;  sio 
more  or  loan  with  lufous ;  und< 
or  lew  with  rufous  and   gri: 


1  both  webs  :  tower  bai:k  and  rump 
erts  minuttly  banded  with  blackish 
en  rufouij,  with  black  streaks  along 
s  aud  flanks  blackitih,  finely  dotted 
■  tail-coverts  blackish,  stained  more 
;  wing-coverts  bluish  lead-eolour ; 
Bpecolum  on  the  secoodariea  glossy  green  ;  two  white  bands  aoross 
the  wings,  one  at  the  tip  of  the  greater  coverts,  the  other  at  the  tip 
of  the  secondaries  ;  primaries  brown  ;  tertlals  of  a  bluish  lead- 
colour;  under  wing-coverls  and  axillaries  greyish;  tail-feathers 
greyish  brown,  with  the  shafts  whitish  above,  pure  white  below: 
bill  yellow ;  feet  reddish  ;  "  iride  castanea  "  (Muteo  Chilciio).  Total 
length  about  17  iuches,wing  7-2b,  tail  5':^o.  cnlmen  I'4,  tarsus  1-tt. 
Femalt.  Upper  part  of  tlie  bead  and  middle  of  the  nape  of  a  lead- 
colour  ;  posterior  half  of  the  cheeks  and  sides  of  the  neck  with 
narrow  black  and  grey  bandi ;  anterior  port  of  the  cheeks,  throat, 
breast,  abdomen,  and  under  tail-coverte  of  a  bright  cinnamon- 
oolonr  1  feathers  of  the  back  and  scapulars  black  along  the  middle, 
edgexl  with  grey  on  both  webs  ;  lower  back,  rump,  upper  tail- 
oovorts,  wings,  and  tail  as  in  the  male.  In  uize  somewhat  less  than 
the  male. 

Young  male.  Upper  parts  almost  the  same  bs  iu  the  females,  but 
the  upper  part  of  the  head  of  a  dull  brown-grey  ;  on  the  head  many 
black  feathers,  showing  the  transition  from  youth  to  adult  stage ; 
lower  parts  white ;  sides  barred  with  white  and  blackish  brown ; 
«  few  cinnamon  feathers  on  the  abdomtn  and  uniJer  tail-coverts, 
showiug  that  young  mules  also  pass  through  the  female  plumage. 

Voang  in  doii'it.  Upper  parts  pule  brown,  nnderparts  white  ; 
tides  of  the  bead  white,  with  a  brown  band  from  behind  the  eye  to 
the  occiput;  a  white  patch  on  the  iuten!capular  region  ;  two  white 
bands  from  the  scapular  region  along  the  sides  of  the  back  and 
ramp  to  the  sides  of  the  base  of  the  tail;  wiogs  pale  brown, 
broadly  edged  withwhito  on  the  posterior  edge;  tail-feathers  much 
developed,  whitish,  freckled  witli  brown,  and  with  a  subapical  brown 
band  and  a  white  one  at  the  tip  {Mut,  Turin). 
Bab.  Bivers  of  the  Chilian  Andes. 

o.  (J  juv.  sk.  ChUi.  Old  CoU. 

ft.  c.  rT  9  Bd.  M.      Chili.  T.  Bridgpj,  Esq.  [C.]. 

(Tvn«s  of  the  npecies.) 

■(■.Bridges.  E>q.  [C.]. 

PuTchnacd. 

H.  Berkeley  Jamea, 

E«,.[P.l. 
I-    Sftlvin-CodiDHn  CoU. 


J,  t  (J  9  nd.  8 

/,y.  9  imui.  e 

ct  juv.  St. 

*-*.  d  5  »<1.  e 
6  juv.  sk. 


Colchagua,  Chili,  Juoe  |  WtUi 

Aaupf). 
Chilian  Andes  (K  C.  Stxd). 
Andes  (of  Chili P)  {Bridga). 


3.  Kerganetta  tnmeri. 

Merganetta  lencogenjB,  Selat.  ^  Sals,  (we  TmA.)  P.  Z.  S.  1809, 
p.  167  (S.  Fara,  Tbta,  Eivers  of  the  Cuican  Andes). 

Jierganetto  tunieri,  &W.  ^  Sah.  P.  X.  S.  1860,  p.  000 ;  itit  Exol. 
O™.  p.  109, 1. 100(1860);  G.R.Gr.  Hand'lut,m.\i.9l,  D.lOim 
(1871)  ;  Selat.  ^  Sale.  Xome>.cL  Ac.  Nrotrop.  p.  131  (1873);  ii-I. 
P.  Z.  8.  1874,  p.  679 :  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  187B,  p.  407  ;  Selat.  P.  Z.  S. 
1880,  p.  &32;   Taez.  Om.  Ffr.  iii.  p.  488  (1886). 

Biiium  tumeri,  GM.  Thet.  On.  i.  p.  4fi8  (1873). 

Rhapbipterug  tameri,  Bckiae.  Om.  Ventralbl.  1682,  p.  3. 

Adult  malt.  Neck  and  sides  of  the  head  white ;  pileam  Macb,  the 
black  continued  in  a  block  nochal  band  ;  a  narrow  band  surrounding 
the  bill,  a  spot  before  the  flyes,  and  a  band  from  the  eyoe  alon;;:  the 
Bides  of  the  neck  black ;  a  broad  superciliary  band  extending  on  both 
sides  of  the  back  of  the  neck  white;  lower  part  of  the  neck,  nppcr 
breast,  and  flanks  black  ;  feathers  of  the  back  and  scapulars  bl^ck, 
edged  on  both  sides  wiih  rufous-brown  ;  rump  lead-colour,  sides  of 
the  rump  and  upper  tail-coverts  undulated  with  narrow  black  and 
white-grey  lines ;  lower  breast  and  abdomen  dark  reddish  grey,  the 
feathers  with  broad  mesial  black  streaks ;  vent  and  under  tail- 
coverts  almost  entirely  black,  only  some  feathers  partly  undnlatod 
with  black  and  grey  lines ;  wings  exactly  as  in  M.  armala  ;  tiul 
brown,  with  the  shaft  paler  above,  white  underneath.  Total  length 
about  17  inchea,  wing  7*4  (not  6-4  as  stated  in  tho  original  de- 
Boription),  tail  5,  culmen  1-2,  tarsus  1'6. 

Female.  Similar  to  the  female  of  M.  armala,  only  tho  cinnamon- 
colour  of  the  nnderparts  paler. 

Hab,  Andes  of  Southern  Pern. 


a.  a  sd.  sk.  Tiiiln,  S.  Pei 


CI.   MEBOiSETTA. 


461 


broMlor  than  in  tho  alliixl  species.    ToUl  length  about  17  inohos, 
w'lun  7.  tail  4-75,  culmen  1-Uti,  tarsua  1-6  {Mttt.  Berlqaeh). 

Ftmale.  Unknown. 

Iliih.  Bolivia  and  Tucuntan. 


i.  J  nd.  ak, 


No  locnlity. 


5.  Herganetta  leacogenjB. 

Ana*l,iLic..-uni»  !««■),  Tsrii.  WUvm.  A>>-k.  184:1, 
Peru);  OUb.  The^.  Oni.  i.  p.  3.»3  (18r:>). 

Eriainatura  loucoTenvB,  Tick.  Witujm.  Arch, 
n.  348. 


1344,    . 


316, 


«,pp.  6i,  an 
(1840);  .BcAnA.  %i.  Av.,  Natatorus,  t.  79.  f.  2325  (1850)  (b,v 
fffiAuifi) ;  Bp.  Compt.  R-nd.  xliii.  p.  052,  n.  IGo  (port.)  (1856) ; 
Sclal.  ^  Sale.  P.  Z.  S.  18(IU,  p.  (Wl  (part.)  j  luf.  A'oi.  0/ti.  p.  300 
(part.)  (1889)  i  O.  S.  Or.  fffind-litt,  lii.  p.  91,  n.  10727  (part.) 
(1871);  Sclat.  j-  Sale.  A'omenct.  Ae,  NeUrap.  p.  131  (part.) 
(1873);  ?  Tura.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  554  (Marayoioc,  Ceotr.  Pbiti); 
fSdat.  ^  Sola.  ibid.  pp.  878,  679  (Upper  Aodea);  iid.  P.  Z.  8. 
1870,  p.  40j  (pitrt) ;  P  T"*^.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  243  lTumbe»,  N. 
P«ra)  i  Sclat.  P.  Z.  &  1880,  p.  5;il  (part.) ;  Tota.  Oj-a.  P^c  iii. 
p.  480  (18*!). 

Muiipuietta  nrmatii,  part.,  G.  -K.  ffr.  Gen.  P.,  App.  p.  28  (184(1). 

Uziiua  armalA.  part.,  &U^.   ilui.   P.-B.,  Anaetes,  p.  ll'  (18G6); 
Oieb.  The:  Ora.  \.  p  467  (part.)  (1872). 

P  Merniuiutta  nriualA,  fern.,  Eijt.  Syrt.  Anat.  p.  140  (1869), 

Rhaphipterus  leucogenya,  part,,  Echnic.  Orn.  CenlraUil.   1882,  p.  3 
(N.  P«rii). 

Adult  male  (type).  Similar  to  .V.  eoliimbiana,  but  the  brown 
culour  o(  the  edges  of  the  feathers  of  the  manlle  and  scapulars  n 
shade  darker;  a.  ring  of  blauk  feathers  round  the  neck  eliarply 
dofince  the  white  of  the  ujiper  part  of  the  neek  :  bri'aat,  abdomen, 
and  onder  tail-covorls  whitish  with  a  slight  rusty  tinge.  Siiw  of 
Jf.  eoluinbiana, 

FemaU.  I  have  not  seen  a  bird  of  this  sex  which  I  could  surely 
ottriliutfl  to  M.  Itufogenys;  a  femaU  from  Uaraynioc  (if  really 
belonging  to  M,  Itvcoijeni/s)  is  described  by  Taczanowski  as  haviog 
the  flidcB  of  the  neck  aad  the  posterior  part  of  the  head  Rrey  finely 
Tsrmiculated  with  blaek,  and  in  this  respetl  differs  from  the  female 
of  M.  i-olumbiana,  and  resembles  M.  arwata  and  M.  tvnuH,  but 
it  differs  from  them  in  having  the  marginal  under  wing-covcrta 
nndulaled  with  whitish. 

Young  in  dfnvn  from  Tumbei,  Northern  Peru.  "  White,  upper 
port  of  tho  head,  a  postocular  stripe,  a  hand  on  the  hind  neck 
extended  to  llie  back,  nings,  and  a  broad  baud  on  each  side  of  the 
bock  brovn ;  tail-fuaihers  long,  stiff,  and  with  the  bai-ht*  rant " 
(Jaczafuy^-A-i). 

This  Bjiccies  is  wanting  in  the  British  Musoum,  but,  thanks  to 
frof,   Paul  Godct,  Director  of  the  Museum  of  Neuchatel,  I  hare 


462 

been  able  to  examine  Ihe  type,  which  he  has  kindly  sent  to  me  in 
London  for  inapection  and  comparison. 

Specimens  from  different  localities  in  Northern  Peni  requira 
comparison. 

Hab.  Andes  of  Peru,  on  the  sourceo  of  the  Aj-namayo  {Ttehadi). 

6.  Hei^snetta  colnmbiana. 

Hetgfinetta  colouibiana,   Des  Mur$,  Ree.  Zool.  1S45,  p.  179  (Mus. 

Paris) ;  id.  Icon.  Ora.  pi.  vi.  (1845) ;  Rchnh.  Sun.  Ar.,  Natatores, 

t.  111.  f.  1079  (1845)  («■  Du  Mun). 
Merganetta  Columbiana,  S':lat.  P.  Z.  S.  185.5,  p.  lOJ;  Sclat.  ^  Salo. 

P.  Z.  S.  Itim,  p.  fiOl  (part.). 
MergauetU  arniata,  part.,  O.  R.  Gr.  Gfn.  P.,  .\pp.  p.  28  (I&4fl). 
Heiyanetts  leucogenvs,  part.,  lip.  Compt.  Bend.  xlii.  p.  65'2,  a.  ISS 

(1856)  i  Sclaf.  4-  Sati>.  P.  Z.  S.  1809,  p.  001  (part.) ;  lid.  Eiot.  Om. 

p.  200,  n.  3  (part.)  (ie«9) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Iland-lut,  in.  p.  91.  o.  10727 

(part.)  (1871) ;  Sdat.  ^  Salp.  Nomeacl.  Ai:  NfUrop.  p.  131  (part.) 

(1873) ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  408  (part.,  Ecuador),  1879,  p.  543 

(Frontino);    iSclat.   P.   Z.  S.   1880,   p.   6:11    (part.);    Berl.   Om. 

MonaUber.  n.  p.  Ill  (Merida,  VenciuolH)  (1804). 
Bizium  annata,  part.,  Schlrg.  Mm.  P.-B.,  ADseres,  p.  12  (I8i3(l)i 

Ouib.  Thei.  Om.  i.  p.  467  (pnrt.)  (1872). 
Rbapbiplerus  leucofrmyB,  jiart.,  Rehnw.  Orn.  Centrnlbl.  18B'2,  p.  3 

(part.,  Columbia);   Heine  ^  Rrhme.  Nomend.  Mia.  Hein.  Om. 

p.  aaO  (Merida,  New  Uranaila)  (1800). 

AdvU  male.  Sides  of  the  bead  and  neck  white  ;  pileum  black,  the 
black  continuous  with  a  black  band  eloug  the  hind  part  of  the 
nape ;  a  narrow  black  baud  surrounds  the  base  of  the  bill ;  an- 
teriorly to  the  eyes  a  blnck  spot,  posteriorly  a  black  band,  M'hich 
extends  along  the  aides  of  the  hind  nei^k  ;  a  white  superciliary  band, 
continuous  with  a  white  hand  on  the  sides  of  the  mesial  nuchal  black 


(}2.    HEROVS.  46S 

paler  markiagB ;  feathers  of  the  back  nnd  scapulars  black,  edged 
with  grey;  rump  and  wings  as  in  the  ihqIo;  b  small  spot  nbovu 
and  before  ihe  ejes  fulvous  like  the  cheeks  and  the  whoh  of  the 
miderparts. 

Ymmg  male.  Upper  part  of  the  head  and  hind  neck  grey  ; 
feathers  of  the  back  black,  with  olive-brown  edges ;  lower  parts 
white ;  sides  barred  with  whit«  and  dusky ;  winga  an  in  the  adult 
male,  but  the  speculum  partly  lead-colour  with  some  paler  dottiugs, 
only  OQ  the  upper  part  with  a  green  lustre. 

Hah.  Andes  of  Columbia  and  Kcuadar,  and  also  Venezuela*. 


■.  (f  ad.  sk. 


e.  tf  ad.  sk. 
d.  ,J  ad.  sh. 
e,f.  cJ  ad.  jik. 


Sta.  Martha,  New  Gisuada. 
FroQlino,  Antjoquia  [T.  K. 
Salmon). 

I'^uadoT  [Jliggint). 

Rio  Blanco,    Ecuador  (C. 

Buckley). 
Sarayiieu,     Ecuador     (C 

Btiekley). 


Salvin-Godman  ColL 


Gould  Coll. 
Sslyin-Godraaa  Coll. 
Satvin-Godaian  Coll. 

SalviD-Godman  Coll. 


Subfamily  XI.  MERGIN.^t- 
Key  to  the  Oeittra. 

It.  Culmeo  shorter  than  tnrsua Bi?.  MKKtioa,  p.  463. 

h,  Culmen  longer  than  tarsus. 

a'.  Serrations  of  both  mandiblos  shi^rt,  blutit, 
and  not  distinctly  inclined  backwards  at 

tips     6.J.   Loi'HOi)VTEB,p.468. 

6'.  Serrations  of  both  mandibles  very  conspi- 
euuusly  tooth-lilie,  and  strongly  inclined 
backwards  at  tips fi4.  Mbrganser,  p.471. 


i.  Bra.  Mvt.  p. ;» (1816)  i  SlrpA.  Gen.  Zool.  x 

2,  p.  156  (1824)    M.  albelius. 

Mergellu'i,  Kmip  (cf.  Noumamiia,  1855,  p.  299) ;   fielby. 

Cat.  Gen.  ^  Subgen.  B.  p.  47  (IWO) M.  nlbtUus. 

Range.  Paliearctie  Region. 


*  I  hale  KWn  in  ihe  Rothsrljild  i.'ollection  n  fornnle  «peciin«n,  nppar«atly 
belonging  to  ll>i«  »ppciea.  markeil  a»  from  Venwuela. 

t  The  ■p«ctm  Of  ihia  subfiuailf  hate  the  •lernum  fcncatraled  pgatMiariy, 
lite  thi-  »pMi»  of  the  graue  Clangvla,  to  whi^  thej  ahow  a  gr«it  reaeraUsncu 


1.  ICei^m  albflUiu. 
Tim  Smnw, 
Mi'tf^H  iHiw,  Hnuelq.  Itin.  f.  209,  a.  37  (1767);  id.  Rti$e  (ed.Liun.), 

p.3a*i,  11.  37  (1702). 
Mi-rgniiMir  eruMtui  minor  «ii«  albelluB,  Brim.  Orn.  vi.  p.  343,  pi.  xxiv. 

<r.  I  (rf),2(2)07eo). 

MuiyanMr  aUillatiui,  liriu.  np.  cit.  p.  252  (1700). 

MuT^m  glficialis,  nrum.  Orn.  Hon.  p.  i-l,  t>.  H9  (17G1). 

Mt'rirn*  albi'llmi,  Linn.  S.  N.  i.  p.  209,  n.  5  (17(«) ;  Cm.  S.  If.  i.  2, 
11.  147,  n.  r>  (1788) ;  I^lh.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  831,  n.  6  (irW) :  id. 
VVfffw.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  p.  1^,  t.  x\\.  tf.  3,  4  (trachea)  (17»cl): 
iWt  Zo^r.  Jtouo-M.  ii.  p.  2d9  (Siberia)  (1811) ;  Wib.  .U,.  Orn. 
viit.  ih  li>tl,  pi.  Iixi.  (AmeriCftP)  (16I4)i  Temm.  .Van.  p.  o^l 
{ 18ie) !  «.  op.  cit.  2nd  ed.  ii.  p.  887  (ISlHI)  ;  i>iim.  Diet.  Sc.  AW, 
XX.  p.  Lllfi  ((821 ) ;  /fM>,  In*,  I6i2,  p.  564 ;  Lichi.  Fttz.  Ik'uU. 
p.  tM  (1833);  Strph.  Otn.  Xool.  xii.  2,  p.  157  (ll<24);  Bj..  Oiu. 
XtimftKi.  Wiin.a.iiti  (\Tiil^);  Bans. Eitnt.di ZcoLia.  pL  ii.  p.  14^ 
{W-M)\  Bp-SpM*.  Cvmp.  p.  74,  D.S38  (Rome),  D.2CS(l>luladel- 
pbla)  (1837) ;  tut.  Mm.  if  Orn.  ii.  p.  420  (1S2R) ;  Brrkm.  lot,  lel30, 
p. )«)»,  n.  1 :  ill.  Vik,.  ItruticAi.  p.  Ml  (1831) ;  Int.  Tr.  d-fJn,. 
p.  t»n(laSl)i  &iFi,  Orn.  Ttue.Hi.  p.  118  (1831);  X¥ll  Atait.  ii. 
p.4«r(18»4);  Strirkl.  P.  Z.  AMeSii.p.  102  (SmTnia):  G^.i.  B. 
Atr.  111.387  (1837):  And.  Om.  Bioffr.iy.  p.  3.)d.  pL»47(IS:»^  : 
l>y.  itvtt.  Amt.  p.  178,  pi.  3.  f.  6  (etfrnum)  (IS:)M :  Bp.  C-mp, 
IM.  p.  M>,  D.  4.-t3  (Euiope),  n.  308  ^Amerin)  |1SS8I :  .4«f.  Sn. 
^  ftV  (..Ww  IHeane)  (18311);  Te«im.  .V«)i.  fTOrn.  ir.  p.  .iw 
iJapMit  (ItUO):  A'.  J-£.  If  vir/M. -£Wr.  pp.  lxxxTiii.232  il>40' : 
Au.  (W.  .Ve*.  nc.  £kr,  p.  74  (1^2l :  J"^-  «■  -*""■.  vi.  p.  *>S. 
nl.  414  tl(4»t:  Sc»/qr.  Jter.CHt.  p.  cuii  (l!44i;  .\>«»  r-v- 
IW***/.  lii.  p.  3U.  t.  324  H^U\ :  Hiirti  IVrz.  Gr*.  Mut.  p.  if  1 
11844);  Ayt(>nt.Akr.iLp.4S3(l84!)>:  TniM.  Ji- .SnU^.  fWi. 
^,An«,  p.  13!)  (l^tf);  iliM  SAir.  JM.  B.  p.  $1^  |1S^: 


Ii3.  HERotra. 


4C5 


(1879)  J  Pbuck,  Fer/t.  t.-b.  Oei.  JFtB,  1870,  p,  154 ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S. 

1880,  p.  631 ;  BramU,  J.f.  O.  1880,  ii.  280;  Sah.  Cat.  U.  Slrtrkl. 

«*.  p.  HI  (1882);   Senertt.  Ibit,  1883,  p.  77  (Pamir  RauR*,) ; 

Taa.  Buil.   Soe.  Zoal.  Pr.   viii.  p.  345   [KamUcliatka)   (IWU) ; 

B.  0.  U.  List  B>^.  B.  p.  137  (1883) ;  Solat.  Lut  Vei-t.  An.  8th  ed. 

p.  443  (1883)  ;    Trintr.  Faitn.  *  Flof.  of  Faleit.  p.  118  (1884); 

Sound.  TarrflfsHUt.  BrS.  £.  iv.  p.  499  (1884-85);  SeiA.  Hint. 

Bril.B.  p.  638,  pi.  Ui  (cffg)  (1885);  SkhCj/,  J.  J.  &  S.  Ivi.  p.  89 

(188");  Meid,  ^.  Feath.  i.  p.  85  (Lucknow)  (1887);   DUiriet, 

J.  /.  O.  1888,   p.   05  (E.  Siberia) ;   Seeb.  B.  Jap.  Emp.  p.  269 

(1890);  RdaoD.  J.f.  0. 1880,  p.  84;  HarUrt,  Sal.  Vogtlfnnnd 

p.  231  (1891) ;  Li^ord,  Col.  Fig.  Brit.  B.  pt.  lis.  pi.  ~-  (1891)  i 

Skarof,  Cat.  Oat.  Sprcbn.  £.  C.  8.  iii.  p.  312  {18i>I) ;  IM.  Faua. 

I'ert.  Belli.,  OU.  ii-  p.  609,  pi.  273  (1893) ;  Wallatgr.  J.f.  O.  1893. 

p.  108  (Sweden). 
Murgiw  minutus.  Linn-  S.  N.  i.  p.  209,  n.  0  (1766) ;  Gm.  S.  y.  i.  2, 

p.  148,  n.  G  (1788) ;  LatA.  lad.  Om.  ii.  p.  83J,  n.  7  (1790) ;  Brchtt. 

Om.  TWfAeni.  ii.  p.  400  (1803)  i  rieill.  X.  D.  liv.  p.  233  (1817) ; 

Dum.  Did.  Se.  Nat.  xi.  p.  296  (=albe]lu3  $)  (1821);  Brehm, 

hit,  18.W,  p.  1)99,  n.  2;  id.  r<ig.  Drutackl.  p.  &12  (1831). 
Mergus  lUbuliis,  Stop.  Ann.  i.  Hid.  Xat.  p.  71,  n.  91   (17tJ») ;   v. 

Pitula  SohraiA.  Fiuai.  Boiea,  \.  p.  3S7  (1798). 
Mergus  pannaaicus,  Sfji.  t.  c.  p.  72,  n.  92  (1769). 
Mergnn^r  cineteua,  Geriai,  Star,  degli  Uee.  v.  t.  511  (cf  juv.)  (1770). 
Muiyniiwr  minor,  Grrini.  op.  at.  t  513  (<J),  t.  514  ( 2 )  (1776). 
Vielle,  D'Anbent.  It.  Eni.  i4f>  {J ),  m>  li);  Buff.  Hitt.  Jiat.  Oi». 

TiLi.  p.  275,  pi.  24  (1781). 
liarle  6\iM,  Buff,  oiu  cit.  viii.  p.  278  (1781). 
Mi-wwuier  nibellus,  Bodd.  Ta&i.  P(.  Enl.  p.  27.  n.  449  ( 1783) ;  Bonn. 

Ene.  Milh.  I.  p.  101,  pi.  27.  L  4  (Amdnqua  St'pleDlriaiial !)  {171U). 
SuiPw,  Lalh.  Sgn.  iii.  p.  428,  n.  5  (1785). 
KioaUi  Itlorgnuscr,  Lath.  ibid.  p.  429,  n.  6  (1786). 
FMtii^tua   funifcr,  Btttke,   Schr.  der  bert.  natmf.  Get.  \\i.  p.  iHH 

(1787);  Gm.  S.  .V.  i.  2,  p.  148,  n.  7  (1788);   Lalh.  Ind.  Om.  ii. 

p.  832,  n.  8  (1700);   PiiiH.  JV.  i>.  liv.  p.  224  (1817);  iAm.  liir/. 

Se.  Nut.  XX.  p.  297  (1821);  ifanz.  Elem.  di  Zool.  iii.  pt.  iK.  p.  l.'il 

(note)  (1826). 
MergaiiBer  luinutus,  Bonn.  Enc  Mith.  L  p.  106  (1700). 
f  hleigan^T  tuTcifer,  Bam.  I.  c.  p.  106  (1790) ;  Sleph.  Gen.  Zwl.  xii. 

2,  p.  172  (lfcJ4). 
Mergiis  luastelinud,  Bedttt.  Om.  Tateh.  a.  p.  401  (1803)  (young  nuilc). 
Mergtts  paaocieuB,  Beehtt.  I.  c.  p.  402  (18(B)  (young  fomiUc), 
Morgug  nia/?ulatiia,  Beckit.  I.  e.  p.  403  (1803). 
MergelluH  albeLlus.  Sflfy,  Cat.  Gen.  S-  Subgea.  S.  p.  47  (1840) ;  O.  R. 

Or.  Lid  B.  Brit.  Mui.  iii.  p.  147  (1844) ;  id.  Gtn.  B.  ill  p.  «2« 

(1844);  &A.iA.Sim..^ti.,Natatore8,t. 73.  ff. 86-87 (1645);  td.  Ao. 

A«(.  Nat.  p,  li,  tab.  vii.  (1862)  ;  Licht.  Num.  Av.  p.  lOS  ( 1854) ; 

Bp.  Compt  Bmd.  iliil  p,  662,  n.  172  (1856) ;  iM-hr.  Cat.  Mamm. 

H  OU.  Ato.  p.  146  (1868) ;  Baird,  Ji.  N.  Am.  p.  817  (1858) ;  id. 

Cat.  N.  Am.  R.  u.  614  (1869) ;  Jtrd.  B.  of  Ind.  iii.  p.  818 

(N.  India)  (1864) ;  O.  £.  Or.  Hand-OH,  iU.  p.  99,  n.  107.34  (1671) ; 

Bwink.  P.  Z.  S.  1871,  p.  J16  (OhinK) ;  Sundeo.Mrth.nat.Av.duip. 

TaU.  p.  150  (1872);    Taci.  J.f.  O.   1873,  p.  Ill;    Uumf,  Sir. 

Teath.  i.  p.  265  (N.  India)  (I87;i) ;  Bidler,  Sir.  Fcalh.  If.  p.  31 

(N.  Gu»)rat)(1876);  Hume.ibiit.x  &tti/y,  iiii/,  p.  202  (ywliniul) 

(1870)  ;   l>aoid  St  Outt.  Oi>.  Chiiu-.   p.  509  (1«77)  ;   Bl<ih>t.  * 
VOL.  XKVlt.  2  U 


Ptyer,  Ibii,  1878,  p.  216  (Japan) ;  &rt.  Ibi»,  1879,  p.  23  (Japan) ; 

Hiane,  Str.  Featk.  viii.  p.  US,  n.  973  (1879);   JIume  ^  Marih. 

GameB.of  Ind.  iii.  p,  293,  pi.  39  (1880);  Bolan,J./.  O.  1880, 

p.66;  C.SiEink.Ibu,\m'2,n.l-26{S.A{ghBaistan);  Echnw.  Om. 

CentraRd.  1882,  p.  3;  id.  Jog.  sool.  Giirt.  p.  i2  (I88-»);  D.,B.,^ 

R.    Water-B.  N.Am.  ii.   p.  124  (18S4) ;   Radde,  Omu  Caueai. 

p.  4C0  (1884) ;  Stfjn.  Bail.  U.S.  Ml.  Mat.  no.  29,  p.  178  (BcritiK  I.) 

(1885) :  Salnad.  El.  U<x.  Ital.  p.  269  (1886) ;   Tnitr.  Cat.  CM.  IS. 

p.  46  (N.  America)  (1889) ;  Sharpt,  Tram.  Linn.  Hoe.  (2)  Zaul.  v. 

p.  92  (1888) ;  id.  Sec.  York.  Mia.,  Avfi.  p.  1.33  (1891). 
Merg^llua  miuutus,  Brehm,  Naumannin,  186-5,  p.  209. 
Mergiilua  [laptu.)  albellus,  Blakist.  ij-  Fryer,  Tr.  At.  Soc.  Jap.  viii. 

p.  187  (1880),  X.  p.  101  (1882);  BlaJiiit.  Amend.  Liat  B.  Jap.  p.  » 

(1884). 

AdvH  male.  General  colour  white;  a  black  patch  on  the  lores, 
Burrounding  also  the  ej  ca  ;  lower  part  of  the  crest  block,  with  a  green 
gloBs,  forming  a  V-ehaped  mark  on  the  sides  of  the  occiput ;  back  and 
rump  black;  upper  tail-coverta  grey,  with  lighter  edges;  scapulars 
white,  with  a  black  baed  along  the  outer  edge;  two  crescentic 
blaok  bands  on  the  sides  of  the  breast ;  sides  and  flanks  narrowly 
waved  with  dark  grey  lines  ;  marginal  wiug-coverta  blackish,  the 
central  ones  white,  the  greater  ones,  like  the  secondarioe,  black, 
banded  at  the  tip  with  white;  primaries  blackish  brown;  tertiats 
grey ;  mai^inal  under  wing-coverts  greyish  brown,  the  centra]  ones 
and  tbeaxillarieswbito;  tail  dark  grey :  bill  of  a  bluish  lead-colour, 
the  nail  lighter ;  iridcs  bluish  white ;  legs  and  feet  light  bluish  load, 
webs  darker.  Total  length  about  17  inches,  wing  7'6,  tail  4, 
cnlraen  1*25,  tarsus  1'15. 

Female.  Upper  part  of  the  head  and  nape  chestnat-brown,  rest  of 
the  upper  parts  brown-grey,  darker  on  the  back  and  rump ;  a  brown- 
black  pateh  covers  the  lores  and  the  cheeks ;  throat  and  sides  of  the 
neck  pure  white;   crop-regiou  grey;    underparts  white,  sidi^s  and 


■p 

82.  xERocs. 

4e7 

lal&nd  in  samn 

er:  south  in  winter  from  the  basin  ot  the  Mi>di- 

Urruieait  to  Nortliern  ludia.  Cliiiiu,  and  Jupan ;   octatiioiiallr  in 

Northern  America. 

fl,4.  J  2  «d.  at. 

Orent  Briton. 

Purchased. 

r,d,it.  ^2«l.-t 

Gn>atBriUin. 

J.Mejer,E«,.[P.]. 

rrj..».»t. 

/.    2  ad.  Bt. 

Great  Britain. 

Joseph  Sabine,  liaq. 

g.  2  ud.  at. 

Dover    R.,    Merionetbebira, 
Yarmouth,     Norfolk,     Jan. 

J.  Moray  Brown,  Esq. 
Seebo"hm  CoU, 

*.  2  ad.  sk. 

(GUHU). 

i.  2  f»d.  sk. 

Yarmouth,  Norfolk,  Jau. 

Ca^  H.  W.  Feilden 
SeebAm  CoU. 

*.  (J  ad.  ak. 

Deccles,  Suffolk,  Feb. 

t,m.  cTad-atet 

GloucBSttTshite. 

Montagu  Coll. 

cT  juv.  ak. 

fi,  Juv.  8k. 

Devonahire. 

Montagu  Coll. 

o.  d  juv.  St. 

Wales. 

f.  <f  od.  at. 

Archangel  (ifcncA*). 

K.  Bowdler  Sharpe, 
SeeWimColI. 

q.  2  nd,  .k. 

Aug. 
McBopotaniift  [Jona). 

r.  Juv.  Rk. 

India  Museum  [P.]. 

«,  i.  J  2  juv.  sk. 

Leukoran,  Doc. 

Seebohm  Coll. 

*rfjuv.«k. 

Bala   Morgbab,    Dec.    (Ait- 

Afghan  Delim.  Com- 

^Bsion  [P-]- 
Lt-Col.    Swinhoe 

Seebohm  ColL 

<-.«:.  2ad.sk. 

Kandahar,  Jan.,  March, 

r.    2  iA.  Hk. 

y.  Ijuv.Bk. 

Kandahar,  Jan.  [Smmhoe). 

Azt'ar,  Banks  of  Indus. 

MajorVerbnrv[P.]. 

^  2  itd.  »k. 

Iliver     Jheelum,     No*. 
[A.  0.  H.}. 

H,i>e  Coll.             ^ 

<»■.<?  id.  et 

Ewtero    Narra,   Sind,   Dec., 

Hume  Coll. 

ju».  8k. 

Jan.  (A.  0.  U.). 

Delhi,  ian. 

o-y.   rf  2  «d.. 

Hume  Coll. 

imm.Btiuv.8k, 

GurjTBon,  Jan.  to  Mar.  ( IF.  If. 

Uume  Coll. 

imm.  ak. 

Chill). 

^4".  2id.et 

Hume  Coll. 

Murdon,  Jan.  (,Nu7idram). 

Hume  CoU. 

ct  iuv.  sk. 

e".  2  "L  elt- 

TuDJab, 

n.O.V.IIualer,EM. 

[P.l 
Him^.Coll. 

«f  V'-  rf  2  "d- 

Slj-npoorie,  Jan.,  Feb. 

etiuT.  Bk. 

*",»-'.**■■  rf2Bd. 

Becf.'ai  (Fa/rmwr). 

India  Museum  [P.]. 

Bt   a  juv.  sk. 

r,W',«".    <f«d. 

Cbinkiang  Canal,  Yaugtae  U., 

I.ieut  Davies  [P.]. 

QtjUV.lk. 

e".  (J  ad.  ek. 

Nankin.  Cbuia,  March    («. 
Ningpo,  China,  Jan.  (K.  *,), 

Seebohm  Coll. 

^'.  <J  ad.  8k. 

y",r''.  2«d.c't 

Shar^ghai,  China,  Feb.,  March 

Seebohm  CoU. 

a  juv.  sk, 

(ft-  A). 

2n2 

468 

(".  $  mL  ak. 

t",«".  tJSad. 

ak. 
t>".  $  ad.  at. 

w".  Skeleton. 
xf'.  Steranm. 
y".  Steniam(with 
>houlda>g;irdIe) . 
x",  a*.  Sterna. 


AtriTiDs. 

SbanghFii,  Chinn,  Feb. 

Yokohnmit,  Japnti,  Miucb 

(H.  Pryrr). 
N.  America. 

diglftnd. 
Europe. 


F.  W.  Styan,  Em. 

[P.l. 
Scebokm  Coll. 

Hudson's    Boy    Co. 

[P.]. 

Purchased. 

John  Ray,  lii<q.  [1'.]. 

M.  Lcfebt-re  [C.J. 


63.  LOPHODYTBS.  ^ 

LophodytoB,  Hchnb.  Av.  Syit.  Nat.  p.  is  (1852) I-.  cucullaluf . 

Range.  Confined  to  North  America. 

1 .  Loplutdftes  cncnllAtna. 

Anas  crirtatuR,  Catuby,  Carol,  i.  p.  94,  t.  94  (1764). 

Merganser  virmuianus  criflUtua,  Brim.  Om.  vi.  p.  258  (1700). 

Round-craited  Duck,  JSdw.  Glean,  pi.  3G0  (\1(!S). 

Hergus  cucullatud,  Ztnn.  S.  N.  i.  p.  207,  n.  1  (17G0) ;  Gm.  S.  N.  1 2, 

p.  644,n.  1  (178«);  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  830,  n.  5  (1790);  mix. 

Am.  OrtL  riii.  p.  79,  pi.  60.  f.  1  (1814) ;  VuiU.  N.  D.  Jiiv.  p.  220 

(1817) ;  Dum.  Diet.  Sc.  Nat.  ix.  p.  296  (1821)  j  SMne,  Frnukl. 

Joum.  App.  p.  702  (1823) ;  Bp.  oU.  WO*,  n.  251  (182.'i)  j  Sanz. 

El.  A" Zool.m.  pt. is.  p.  147  (1826) ;  Bp.  Ann.  Luc.  A'.  Y.  ii.  p. 307, 

D.  349  (1826) ;  id.  ^Hxch.  Gmp.  p.  74,  n.  263  (1827) :  id.  Sffn. 

p.897(1828)i  ieM.Afan.  (r0f7i.il  p.420{1828)i  id.Tr.d'Om. 

p.  635(1831);  Sw.  ^  Bieh.  Faun.  Bor.-Am.  ii.  p.  SIW  (1831); 

5ftt.V,    Traiu.   N.  II.  iSoc.  i/  NortAumb.  i.  p.  292   (Yannouthj 

(imi) ;  id.  ^inb.Journ.  of  Nat.  fGeogr.  8c.  iii.£.^238(188l),f/. 


ti3.    LOPnUDYTfiS, 


460 


An^  B.  2ud  ed.  p.  177,  n.  746  (1882) ;  B.  O.  U.  LUt  BrU.  B. 

y.  lS7iie8:i);  Sound.  iarreWtBrU. BAY.  v.50d[li>S4-S5);Sefb. 

But.  Brit.  B.  iii.  p.  B33.  pi.  07  (egg)  (1886) ;  Con/,  Lut  B.  WrA 

Ind.  p.  31  (1885);  Ti-Utr.  Cat.  Ott  B.  p.  46  (1889);  Hartert, 

Kat.  Voffebamml.  p.  234  (1801). 
ilarle  hupp*  de  Vi:^nie,  D'Aubent.  PI.  &il.  9S6  (d),  930  (J). 
Ilaile  couronne,  Buf.  Hal.  Nat.  Oil.  viii.  p.  280  (1783). 
lioodwl  Merganser,  i%HB. -^rc^,  2«oi.  ii.p.538,n.46r  (17tl5)i  £oM. 

%■.  iii.  2,  p.  426,  n.  4,  t.  cE.  (1785). 
PUrown  MergsoBtsr,  Pttat.  Aret.  Xaot.  ii.  Suppl.  p.  74  (1767)  (Iludwin's 

Bav). 
?  MuiVus  fuscua,  to/A. /«J.  Om.  ii.  p.  832,  n.  9  (1790)  (ct /%««((«()  i 

ritiU.  N.  D.  siv.  p.  224  (1817)  ( =  cucullfttua  ?)  j  Ihta\.  Diet.  Sc, 

Nat.  xx.-p.  297  (1821). 
Wci^fuiKir  cucullatu«,  AWn.  ftc.  MeM.  i.  p.  103,  pt. 27.  f.  2  (ITDO) ; 

Stfoh.   Oen.  Zoo!,   iii.  2,  p.  168   (1824) ;    Bp.  Omp.  Liil,  p.  59 

tl!S8) ;  id.  Cat.  Mtt.  Vcc.  Sur.  p.  74  (l*J3) :  MacaiU.  Man.  Om. 

ii.p.  196(1842). 
Mctctuuer  fuMos,  St)^.  Qen.  Zool.  xii.  2,  p.  170  (1834). 
Luphodj'ttM  cucullatua,  Rohnb.  Av.  »/gl.  Nat.  p.  ix  (1652)  ;  Sp. 

a«np(.  JJ»«(.xliii.p.fi62,n.l7]  (1856);  Baini,  B.  N.  An^p.m 

(18M)(  id.  Cat..  N.  Am.  B.  n,  613  (1869) ;  Seht.  P.  Z.  S.  1859, 

p.  369  (Jalapii) ;  Coop.  ^  Suckt.  N.  H.  Wa»h.  Terr.  p. 266  (I860) ; 

liavd.It>-p.\iim,p.  178;   Verr.  Pi:  £a.  /i«i(.  iii.  p.  150(1862); 

Oimld,  B.   Or.  Bril.  v.  pi.  36  (pL  x...  1866) ;  Drat,  tbit,  1866, 

p.  144  (Texas) ;  Gimll.  Se/ierl.  Fuieo-Nal.  Culut,  i.  p.  391  (1866) ; 

SehJiy.  Mat.  P.-B.,  Anseres,  p.  6  (1866) ;  Lawr.  Ann.  Lm.  N.  Y. 

viii,  (1866)  p.298(18a7);  duw,  iV.  a*.  7n*(.  v.  p.201  (1868); 

liiiU  j-  Bonn.  Tr.  Ckic.  Aaid.  i.  p.  202  (1869)  (Alaska) ;  Eyt.  ^ 

Anal.  p.  137  (1809)  ;  Sten.  U.S.  Geol.  Sum.  Ten.  p.  466  (1870) ; 

O.  S.  Gr.  Hand4itt,  iii.  p.  01,  n.  10783  (1871) ;  Suxden.  MtUt. 

not.  Ac.   diip.   Tna.  p.  160  (1872)  ;  AOfn,  Bull.  Mui.  C.  Z.  iii. 

p.  183  (1872);  Unom,  B.  Saru.  p.  12  (1873);    GundLJ.f.O. 

1875,  p.  388  (CiiU) ;  S^t.  P.  Z.  S.  1880.  p.  631 ;  Ridmii.  Norn. 

N.  Am.  fl.  n.  638  (1881) ;  B.,  B.,  ^  B.  WaUr-B.  N.Am.ii.  p.  131 

(1884);  Ndtrl.J.f.0.  1882,  p.  148  (BliaoiH) ;  MatnAie  li  ZUimt, 

J.f.  0.   1885,  p.   19-';  A.  O.  V.  Ckeck^Utt  N.  Am.   B.  p.   114, 

n.  131  (1880) ;  Nelem,  Nat.  nisi.  GJt.  in  AbuUa,  p.  67  (1887) ; 

SiiijiB.  Man.  N.  Am.  B.  p.  89,  n.  131  (1887);   Cory,  Auk,  1888, 

p.  69;  id.B.  W.Ind.  p.  270(1869};  IlatiA,  B.  of  Minuet,  p.  36 

(1892). 
Mewus  (Lopliciilytes)  cucuUatus,  Couet,  Key  N.  Am.  B.  2nd  ed. 

p.  718,  n.  745(1884). 

AdiiU  male.  Hrad  and  upper  part  of  tte  niM-k  black ;  top  of  tto 
head  omumented  with  a  compreBBod  BomicirciUar  cri'st,  tho  poatorior 
half  of  whiuh  is  white,  edged  with  black ;  (oreliead  dark  fuliginooB 
brown  ;  back,  rump,  and  upper  tjiil-covorta  bmwu-blaci  ;  Honpulara 
d«cp  block  ;  lower  part  of  tho  ncuk  in  front,  brcoit,  and  aMomen 
white ;  on  the  nides  of  the  breast  two  crcsoontio  black  bands, 
dcBccnding  from  thu  upper  part  of  tlio  boek  ;  sides  roddiah  brown, 
narrowly  waved  with  blackiah  brown ;  under  tail-coverts  frocklod 
with  white,  rcddiali,  and  brown  :  wing-coverta  blackish  round  the 
edge  of  the  wing,  tho  central  onea  grey,  the  greater  black  with  the 
tips  white ;  quills  brown,  tho  socondoriea  white  on  tho  oulor  web, 
forming  a  white  a|)oculum  on  tho  wing,  which  ia  crust>od  by  two 


470  AitiTiDA. 

black  bands,  fonned  by  tho  black  base  of  the  Bccondoriea  showing 
tfaroagh  and  by  the  base  of  the  greater  coverts ;  tortials  very 
broad  and  long,  black,  with  a  mesial  longitudinal  white  band ;  under 
wing-coverts  brown,  edged  with  white ;  azillarieB  white  ;  tail  brown ; 
"bill  black;  irides  bright  yellow ;  legs  and  feet  yellowish  brown  " 
(B.,  B.,  j-  B.).  Total  length  about  17-5  inches,  wing  7-75,  tail  4, 
Golmeu  16,  tarsus  1>4. 

Female.  Smaller  than  the  male ;  head,  neck,  upper  breast,  sides, 
flanks,  and  upper  parts  brown,  lighter  on  the  sides  of  the  head,  neck, 
and  breast ;  the  orest  reddish  brown,  lighter  at  tbo  tip  ;  throat 
whitish  brown ;  the  brown  fcatbers  of  the  breast,  flanks,  and  appcr 
parts  have  lighter  edges ;  breast  and  abdomen  pure  white ;  longer 
under  tail-coTcrts  brown,  freckled  with  paler ;  upper  wing-covcrls 
greyish  brown,  the  greater  ones  black,  tipped  with  white,  forming 
a  white  band  across  the  wing ;  qnills  brown,  secondaries  edged 
with  white  on  the  outer  web,  forming  an  imperfect  wing-speculum ; 
tertials  black,  with  a  mesial  white  band  along  the  middle  ;  under 
wing-corerts,  axillaries,  and  tail  as  in  the  male :  "  maxilla  black, 
edged  with  orange ;  mandible  orange ;  iris  hazel ;  feet  dusky  " 
(A,  B.,  ^  R.), 

Young  mjirtt  plumage.  Similar  to  tho  adult  female,  but  are 
somewhat  browner  and  bare  the  crest  rudimentary  or  wanting,  the 
sides  and  posterior  part  of  the  crissum  more  distinotly  brown. 

Toung  tn  down.  "Above  deep  hair-brown,  darkest  on  the  back  and 
mmp ;  posterior  border  of  the  arm-wing,  a  small  spot  on  each  side 
of  the  back  (nearly  concealed  by  the  closed  wing),  and  a  larger  one 
on  each  side  of  the  rump  white  ;  lower  half  of  the  head  (from  about 
on  a  line  with  the  eye)  brownish  buff,  paier  on  the  chin  and  throat ; 
jngolum  light  dingy  brownish;  remaining  lower  parts  dingy  white, 
"  e  Btdes  brown,  like  the  upper  part "  (B.,  B.,  ^-  It.). 


<M.  UEROANSER. 


Ty,« 


.  p.  230   (1760) ;  ScAaffcr, 
a*.  Omith.  p.  66  (1789) :  Leach,  S/^.  Cat.  M. 
4-  B.  Brit.  Mm.  p.  ae  (1816)  i  SUph.  Gen.  Zool. 

xii.2,  p.  160{1824)    M.  caator.    ■ 

I'lfer^s,  Stlby  (nee  Zian.],  Cat.   Oeii.  ^  Subffiin.  B. 

■o.  47  (1840)     M.  oaalor. 

Pnster,  Hei»e,  Norn.  Mut.  Hein.  Orn.  p.  350  (1800)  .     M.  brttsiliftnuB. 

Eange.  Pflliearctic  Region,  Northern  India,  Nearctic  It^ioD,  8.E. 
Brazil,  and  the  Auckluudd. 

Key  to  the  Speciet. 
a.  Lower  parts  not  barred  iicross,  except  on  the  flanks 

o'.  Flanks  not  dark  lead-prey,  almost  uniform,  and 
under  lail-coverta  not  ilufiky  grey  edgud  with 

u".  Lower   part  of  the  neck,  like  the  lower 

surrace,  white. 

fl'.  Flanhs  entirely  white  :    nialoa  with  tlio 

bead  black  filoased  with  p'een;  femnlea 

with  the  bead  nifoua-bronn,  and  throat 

conspicuously  white, 

o'.  No  conspicuous  bliick  band  ncnisa  the 

win);  at  the  base  of  the  grenter  wing- 

a'.    Lfu^r;    culmcn    2'20-S'40  inches: 

feathers  of  the  hiod  part  of  the  head 

verj'  full,  hut  not  very  lon^  and  not 

forming  a  prominent  crest ;  head  of 

the  females  of  a  deep  and  bright 

chestnut   cantor,  p.  472. 

b\  Smaller;  cutmen  1-90-3-10 :  feathers 

of  the  hind  part  of  the  head  tatiier 

thin  and  loa^,  and  form  in  ff  decidedly 

a  prominent  crest;  head  of  the  female 

of  a  dull  and  pale  rufous,  and  with 

the  anterior  part  of  the  crown  tinged 

with  greyish oomatvt,  p.  47o, 

6'.  A  conspicuous  black  band  across  the 
wing,  at  the  base  of  the  greater  wing- 

b'.  Feathers  of  the  sides  and  flanks  with  con- 
apieuous  crescentic  banda  ;  head  abore 
bTown-mfouH,  sides  of  the  bead  and 
throat   paler :  occipital  crest  Tery  long' 

(matr  immol'ure  ?)    fjiiantatuf,  p.  478. 

ft",  AdistinctwhittcoUar  round  the  neck  defines 
tbeblack  ofthe  upper  part  &om  the  reddish 
breast,  which  is  streaked  with  dusk^  ; 
flanks  waved  with  black  and  whitish  zi^- 
twf[  lines ;  head  and  upper  psft  of  the  neck 
'    e  {mnlei);  throat  of 


the  female  not  white  but  rufesccnt   . 


1.  470. 


b'.  FIbiUu  dark  luod-fnKy,  aliiiost  unifomi ;  under 
tail-covcrts  dimky  \p&w,  edged  with  white; 
head  brown-rufous,  apporeutly  in  both  sexea .     australit,  p.  494. 
6,  Ijower  parts  barred  with  white  and  blockish ....     bratSuntat,  p.  485. 

1.  HerganseT  castor. 

The  UooMmdur. 

Merganser,  Briu.  Om.  -n.  p.  231,  pL  zxii.  (cj)  (17(10). 

MeiTpmser  cinorou*,  Britt.  op.  cit.  p  26S,  pi.  jciv.  (  2 )  (1760). 

Morgus  rubnnapilla.  Briinn.  Om.  Bar.  p.  ^2,  a.  93  (1764). 

Heigiu  menraiwer,  Zinn.  5.  A^.  i.  p.:208,  n.2  (cr)(171l6) ;  Gm.S.N. 
i.  2,  p.  644,  D.  2  (1788) ;  Lalh.  Inrf.  Om.  n.  p.  828,  n.  1  (1790)  ; 
Pall.  Zoogr.  Bo»!o-A».  ii.  p.  286  (1811)  (Kurile  I.) ;  Temm.  Man. 
d-Qm.  p.fi75  (1816);  VieOl.  N.  D.  liv.  p.  219  (1817);  Temm. 
Man.  2iid  ad.  ii.  p.  881  (1820) ;  Bum.  Bid.  &.  Nat.  xx.  p.  292 
(1821) ;  F<Aer,  P,-odr.  d.  itl.  On.  p,  Gl  (1822) ;  Firm.  Phil,  of 
;W.  ii.  p.261  (1822);  Aom,  Jim,  1822,  p.  664;  Licit.  Vm.Doubl. 
p.8S  (1823);  Br^m,  Lghrb.  ear.  Vog.  p.  852  (1823);  Yarr.  Tr. 
Lmn.  Sur.  iv.  p.  391,  pi.  xv.  f,g  (Blernum),  ff.  a,  e,  A  (trachea) 
(1827)  (  /li<.  Speedi.  Comp.  p.  74,  n.  236  (1827) ;  F/em.  Brit.  An. 
p.  128  (18-i8) ;  Lest.  Man.  d  Om.  ii.  p.  420  (1828)  j  Brehm,  1m, 
leSO,  p.  ai9,  n.  1  (IceUnd);  til.  Handb.  VUg.  BeuttcM.  p.  943 
(]8:il)i  Las.  Tr.  JOm.  p.636(183I);  Saei.Om.  To*;,  iii. p.  122 
(leSl);  Jm.  Man.  p.  240  (1836);  Gotdd,  B.  of  Eur.  t.  pi.  384 
(IS37) ;  Eyt.  Man.  Anat.  p.  173  (1838) ;  Temm.  Man.  iv.  p.  666 
(1840)  (Japan) ;  StridU.  Ann.  ^  Mag.  N.  U.  viii.  •(.  646  (1842) ; 
Sdyt-L.  Faun.  Belg.  i.  p.  147  (1842) ;  SchUg.  JUv.  Crit.  p.  cxxi 
(1844) ;  JVoum.  I'o>.  BmUckt.  lii.  p.  366,  t.  326  (1844) ;  Hartl. 
Verx.  Oct.  Mu*.  p.  121  (1844) ;  O.  R.  Or.  Ltit.  B.  Brit.  Mtu.  iii. 
p.  147  fpert.)  (1S44);  Schnb.  ^.^d.,  Natatores,  t.73.  If.  94,  96, 
884  (1846) ;  Leu.  BtKr.  Mamm.tt  Oil.  p.  252  (1847) ;  Degl.  Om. 
F-w:  ii.  p.  47S  (18n)  ;  T^mm.  S(  Sthkg.  Faun.  Jnp.,  Aret.  [..  120 
(IWO)  (Ja\ma) ;  llnntmann,  Kaamamia,  1869,  Heft  iJ.  p.  124  (I»u- 


(>4.  NEiio^NeEit.  473 

p.  65  (part.);  Se/knv.  Om.  VeiUraibl.  188a,  p.  2;  id.  VSg.  tool. 
Gdrt.  p.4l[lm2);  Si/c.  t'of.il.  «ne«.  (M.p.541  (1882) ;  B.O. 
I/.  Lut  Snt.  B.  ^.130  {ISHS);  Selaf.  Lilt  r«<t. vln.  Sth  ed.  p. 442 
(le*i);  Tni-:.  BuU.  Soc.  Zool.  Fr.  \m.  p.  344  (1883)  (KamUchnt- 
ks);  DairuKiky,  MT.  om.  Vtr.  H'lra.  1884,  pp,  84,  86  (Hosnia)  i 
R.ul,!r,  Omu  Cau-ai.  p.  466  (1884);  Snuad.  YarTell't  Hut.  Brit. 
B.  iv.  p.  488  (18&1-861  i  S«4.  Hiat.  Brit.  B.  iii.  p.  6^6,  pi.  67 
iegg)  {1685) ;  Salcad.J&.t'cr.Itai.f. '2m  {lBm);lJornei,  J.  f.O. 
1888,  p.  9fi  (E.  Siberia) ;  Hartteig,  J.f.  0.  1889,  p.  161  CNorth 
Cape)  i  Trittr.  Cat.  CM  B.  p.  4(5  (part.)  (1889) ;  &eA.  /f.  Japan. 
ffliyj.  p.a57(1890)i  J&Anic.  j;/ 0. 1800,p.85j  r/.*ru*e,  J./.  O. 
1881,  p.  198  (SdilewA,  bKBding) ;  Martert,  Kat.  Fogeltamnd. 
p.  234  (1891);  Shatpe,  Cat.  OUtol.  ^Kam.  S.  C.  S.  hi.  p.  811 
{1891);  Dnboit,  raun.  Vert.  Belg.,  (Hi.  \\.  p.  613  (ptirt.),  pi.  374 
(180;l)  i  Wailmijr.  J.f.  0.  1893,  p.  166  (Sweden). 
MurKUJ  castor,  Linn.  S.  N.  i.  p.  208,  d.  4  (  J )  (1766) ;  Oin.  S.  N. 
i.  2,  p.  IU6^  (1788);  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  8».  n.  3  (1790); 
Srehm,  Imi,  1830,  p.  999,  n.  2  ;  id.  Handi.  V6y.  DeutiehL 
p.  944  (1831);  O.  S.  Or.  Om.  B.  iii.  p.  629,  n.  1  (svn.  emend.) 
f  1S44) ;  Blylh,  Cat.  B.  Mva.  A.  &  B.  p.  308,  d.  1798  (fiat.) 
'"(49) !  Oould,  B.  Oreat  Brit.  t.  pi.  34  (pt.  s.,  1866)  ;  Smtth. 
Z.  S.  ie71,p.  416  (ChinR);    O.  S.   Or.   Hand4ia.  i 


1849) !  Oould,  B.   Oreat  Brit.  t.  pi.  34  (pt.  s.,  1 
P.  Z.  S.  1871,  p.  416  (ChinR) ;    O.  R.   Or.   Hand4ia.  iii.  p.  i 
n.  10728  (ajn.  emend.)  (1871) ;  Swink.  IbU,  187 S,  p.  466  (Hakft- 


dadt);  Blakut.  if  Pn/er.  Ibit,  187S.  p.  215  (Japan);  Od.  Tr.  At. 
Soc.  Jap.  viii.  p.  187  (1880),  X.  p.  101  (18tl2). 
aiuigns  pulo,  &^.  Ann.  i.  Biit.  fiat.n.  69,  n.  88  (1769). 


PMeipiHffithiopB.&op.  .4nn.  i.  JTiri.  JVfl(.  p.  70,  n.  90  (1769). 
Mei^ua  uiadcuB,  S.  O.  Gtnel.  ICeiie  d.  Ratal,  ii.  p.  188,  t.  20  (1774) ; 

Gm.  S.  N.  i.  2,  p.  618,  n,  63  (1787). 
Mewo-Oca,  G«n«i,  Stor.  degli  ETm.  v.  tt  508,  513  (tjod.),  510  (2) 

(1776). 
GiKWUnder,  Fam.  Brit.  Zool.  a.  260.  t.  92.  f.  1  (1776) ;  id.  Aret.  Zool. 
"      1.  406  (17f(5) ;  Lalk.  Syn.  iii.  2.  p.  418,  n,  1  (1786), 


Dun  Uiver  or  Speiling-Fowl,  Pam.  Brit.  Zool.  ii.  p.  657,  t.  92.  f.  2 

(9)  (1776);  Lath.  Affi- "'■  2,  p.  420,  n.  2  (1786). 
Harlu,  jyAubent.  Pt.  Ent.  951  ( cf ),  062  ( J  ) ;  Bvff.  Hut.  Nat.  Oii. 


riii.  p.2e7,  pL33(1781). 
Mergoi  rubricapillua,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  2,  p.  546  y  (1788). 
Merganser  raucedula,  ScAaef.  Mia.  Orn.  p.  66,  n.  SIO,  t,  43  (178Q). 
Mprganser  cnator,  Scharff.  Mus.  Om.  p.  67,  n.  212  (1789) ;  Snnn. 

Ene.  Mith.  i.  p.  103,  n.  4  ($)  {1790);  Bp.   Comp.  Lut,  a.  59. 

n.  433   (1838);  id.  Cat.  Met.  Uec.  Ew.  p.  76  (1812);   Macgill. 

Man.  Orn.  ii.  p.  194  (1842) ;  id.  Biit.  BrU.  B.  v.  p.  207  11852) ; 

Bp.  Compt.  Rind,  xliii,  p.  662,  □.  166  (1866) ;  Lodu,  Cat.  M.  el  O. 

A^ir.f.  140(1868). 
HLVganwr  rcthiops,  Schaef.  Mta.  Om.  p.  67,  n.  213  (1789). 
Herganwr  riuic^uls  (In/e  raucedula),  Bonn.  Enc.  MHh,  i,  p,  101, 

pL26.f.  4(cf)  (1700)  (exOtmer,Av.  13.3,  134). 
P  Sluifiratuwr  leucomelatiUH,  Schrank,  Faun.  Bote.  i.  p.  238  (1798). 
Merffanaer  raii,  Ltach,  Cat.  M.  ^  B.  Brit  Mta.  p.  30  (1816) ;  Steph. 

Gen.  ZooL  iii.  2,  p.  161,  pi.  63  (cf)  (1824). 
MeigHDser  ga\o.  Leach,  I.  f.  (1816). 
Merfnie  (Mermnspr)  cantor,  pnrt.,  K.  ^  B.  Wirhelth.  Eur.  pp.  Lcuriii, 

231  (1840). 
Mei^UB  orientaliB,  Oould,  P.  Z.  8.  1846,  p.  1,  part.  (Amaj) ;  Hain.  ^ 

Rchnw.  Norn.  Mm.  Main.  Om.  p.  360  {Jnp»a)  (1890). 
MergnnscT  nldrovanili,  lirhnk  Ai:  *yrf.  \iU.  \i.  ix.  Uth.  vii.  (1862) 

(e-r  fifty) 


Merg«iu(er  meimnser,  SMn.  Orn,  Erpl.  Kamttek.  p.  176  (1685) ; 
m^.  Man.  N.  Am.  B.  p.  86  (1887). 

Adult  malt.  Head  and  upper  psrt  of  the  neck  black,  gloAsed  with 
bottJe-green  ;  the  occipital  feathers  elongated,  but  not  forming  a 
distinct  crest,  except  when  erected ;  lower  part  of  neck  and 
mantle  white;  back  and  scapulars  glossy  black;  lower  part  of 
the  back,  rump,  upper  tail-coverts,  and  tail  ashy,  the  basal  tail- 
ooTerts  paler,  the  longest  with  the  rfiafts  blackish,  and  the  centre 
darker ;  underparts  white,  on  the  breafit  and  abdomen,  especially  in 
freshly  killed  specimens,  delicat*  pale  salmon-colour  ;  lower  flanks 
at  the  base  of  the  tail  and  onter  under  tail-eoverta  finely  vennicu- 
lat«d  with  grey ;  upper  wing-coverts,  median  and  inner  secondaries 
white,  the  latter  edged  with  black  on  the  outer  web ;  outer  scapu- 
lars white;  primaries,  primary-coverts,  and  outer  secondaries 
brown-black,  but  the  secondarioa  white  at  the  tip ;  marginal  under 
wing-ooreite  brown,  edged  with  white,  the  remainder,  with  the 
axiUaries,  white :  bill  deep  vermilion-r^,  the  ridge  of  the  upper 
mandible  and  the  tooth  blackish ;  iris  deep  reddish  brown ;  1^8 
rermilioD-red.  Total  length  about  28  inches,  wing  11*25,  tail  5-25, 
colmen  2'45,  tanus  1'95. 

Female,  Head  and  upper  neck  deep  rusty,  duller  on  the  crown 
and  anterior  part  of  head  ;  throat  conspicnonsly  white  ;  tlie  rusty 
colour  of  the  neck  sharply  defined  below  ;  feathers  of  the  crown  and 
nape  much  elongated,  forming  a  crest  when  erected  ;  lower  neck 
grey,  with  the  edges  of  the  feathers  whitish ;  upper  parts  generally, 
including  the  inner  secondaries,  scapulars,  and  wing-coverts,  ashy 


^1 

AiaUs  in  moult 

have  traces  of  a  black  ring  round  the  iicck,  arc 

darker  on  tbo  back              H 

and  aboulders.  and  aiiow  Ibe  whitish  wing  ol 

:  tbc  immature  bird              ^H 

Younr/  in  doui 

1.  Similar  to  that  of  J/,  lerrator,  but  ttcrbaps  not              ^H 

M  darh  on  tho  upper  parts. 

^H 

Hah.  Northern 

1  parte  of  tbu  Falffiarctio  recioii,   from  Wea(«rn              ^H 

Enrope  to  Karatschulkii ;  in  winlpr  eitunds  from  Southern  Europe              ^H 

and  the  ba^iu  of  the  Mediterranean  to  China  and  Japan.                                 ^ 

a.  tf  ad.  -k. 

Hume  Coll. 

i.  2  ttd.  ak. 

Orkneys  (J.  E.  UaHing). 

ir.  J.  Elwca,    Esq. 
Pun-based. 

e,  rf.  PuU.  St. 

Qt.  Britain. 

0.  cf  «.l.  *t. 

tit.  Brituiu. 

Montagu  Coll. 

/.  Jot.  at. 

England. 
SutlierlAiid. 

I'urchased. 

y  <J  ad.  BL 

*,  C   {J   Bd.  et  J 

jUV.Bk. 

*.$  ad.sk. 

Mrs.  Flower  [P.]. 

Lynn  Harbour. 

Sulvui-Uodniau  Cull. 

Yarmouth,  Korfolk,  Dec. 

St'ebohm  CoU. 

A»i,H.cJ$ad.at. 

Norfolk. 

Purchaaed, 

0.  2  ad,  8t. 

Korfolk. 

p,q.   (J   imm.   et 

WellB,  Norfolk,  Jan.,  Kav. 

|«d.Bk. 

I-.  §  .d.  St. 

RondlcHham  Park,  Suffolk. 

R«v.  W.  Kirby  [P.]. 

*.  $  ad.  ak. 

R.  Didw,  Walaa,  Jan. 

Editor  of  '  Laud  and 

t.  9  ad.  at 

ll.$«d.8k. 

Gloucestershire. 

Water '[P.]. 
Montagu  CoU. 
Dr.  oTl^ch  [P.]. 

Oinak.  Aug. 

t.,  W.  $  ad.  et  ,J 

Yen-o-Bay,  Siberia,  Ut.  621°, 

Secbohm  Coll. 

juv.ak. 

June  (S.  S.). 

X.  ?  ad.  Bk. 

China. 

J.  R.  HceveB. 

y.  S  ad.  ak. 

Kiu-kiftDg,  China,  Dec. 

F.   W.   Styan,    Esq. 
Lieut.  Davies  [P.]. 

a.  $  ail.  sk. 

Chinkiang  Cnoal,  Yanglae  R., 

«',  i',  r'.  ^  $  ad. 

Sliangh^.  ChuiB,  March,  Dec. 

Soebohm  Coll. 

sk. 

(fi.  SicinJioe). 

d:  2  (uL  ak. 

Shanghai,  China,  Dec. 

F.  W.  Styan,    Esq. 
[P.].                  ^ 
Seebohm  Coll. 

f '.  2  wi.  ^• 

Amoy,  China  (R.  SieinAof). 

/-,/.  ^T  ad.  ct  <J 

Corea. 

C.W.  Campbell,  Esq. 

JQT.  ak. 

[P-]- 

A' '  $  ad.  ak. 

Hakodadi,  Japan,  April  [£lak- 

Seebohm  Coll. 

»",  V,  rf  2  ad.  sk. 

Yokohams.  Japan  (Ff.  Pryer]. 

Seebohm  Coll. 

f .  9  ftd.  «k. 

Nagasaki,  Japan,  Dec. 

F.  Ringer,  l->q.  [l'.\ 

m'.  rf  ad.  8k. 

Seebohm  Coll. 

«'.  Skeleton. 

o".  Skeleton. 

Purchased.                              ^H 

p',  g'.  SkuUs. 

2.  Hei^anur  comatDS. 

1 

MeriTus  aerrator,  ifud>;r«.  (mc  Z,»in.)  Gray*  2bo/.  JU^  p.  86,  on. 636,             ^| 

637  (lfrl4) 

:    Shnrjie  (lapsu).   Tram.  Linn. 

Soe.  (2)  Zaol.  y.  p.  02             ^ 

(Bttla-Mortfab)  tlSSO). 

m.  1 

Mergus  oriontoliB,  OauM,  P.Z.8.  1845,  p.  1  (pnrt.)*:  O.R.Gr. 

Cat.  Bodfft.  Colt.  S.  M.  -o.  147  (Nepal)  (1SK()  :  id.  Gm.  B.  Apn. 

p.28(1849);  Bp.  Compt.  iJend.  iJiii.  p.  052,  n.  1(18(1860);  O.R. 

Or.  Cat.  Hadg».  Colt.  B.  M.  2rd  ed.  p.  77  (I8(»). 

Meiyw  CMtor,  BtyCh,  Cat.  B.  Mm.  A.  S.  B.  a.  308,  n.  1798  {pwt., 

gpedm.  A,  B,  Dj  (1849) ;  Jerd.  {nee  Litm.)   B.  of  Ind.  iii.  p.  817 

(1864)  (N.  India);  O.  R.  Or.  Hand-tut,  iii.  p.  91,  n.  10728  (part.) 

(1871)  i  Hunie  ^  Anders.  Lahore  to  Yark.  p.  S97  (Indus)  (1873)  ; 

Hume,  Sir.  Ftath.  i.  p.  423  (1873)  (Sumbliulpoore,  Centr.  Vtoy.  of 

Lidia) ;  Parker,  Sir.  Feath.   ii.  p.  336  (Bairskur)  (1874)  ;  Ball, 

Aid.  p.  439  (Chota  Nagpur)  (1874)  ;  Scully.  Sfr.  Feath.  iv.  p.  202 

(Kasbgar)   (1876);    Hume,  ibid.  p.  496   (Mokran  Coast)  (1876); 

Hume,  Str.  Fenlh.  vii.  p.  149  (Ajmere)  (1878) ;  BaU,  Hid.  p.  233 

(Indi«)  (1878);    Bidd.   Sfr.   Feath.  is.   p.  365   (Gilgit)    (1880); 

ta.  Ibit,  1881,  p.  101  (Oilgit). 

Mcmw  merganaer,  Dyb.  i^rarrex  {nee  Linn.),  J.f.  O.  18G8,  p.  359 

(Dfturia)  (P);  Ton.  J.f.  O.  1873,  p.  110;  Severtz.  Turkett.  Jerotn. 

p.  70  (1873);    Dreiser,  IbiA,  18-0,  p.  4l'l  (Turkustaii) ;  I'rzew. 

Mmgotia,  ii.  pp.  100,  170,  n.   276  (1876) ;   id.   in   Soicl.   Om. 

Jlfwc.  iii.  p.  107  (HongoLn)  (1878)  ;  ifume,  »/■.  JwKA.viii.p.  IIB, 

n.  973  (India)  (1879) ;  SeuUy,  Str.  Feath.  viii.  pp.  364, 3(«  (Sepal) 

(1879) ;  Hume&  Marih.  Game  B.  of  Ind.  iii.  p.  209,  pi.  40  (1882); 

McLeod,  Str.  Feath.  n.  p.  168  (TanKrote  Fttry)  (1887) ;  Hume, 

Str.   Feath.   li.   p.   347   (Asaani)   (1888);    Cr^pe,   ihid.   p.  348 

(DohinfT  river);    SAarpe,  Sec.  Yark.  MU».,  Aues,   p.  133  (1891); 

Quit.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.,  Zool.  (7)  xii.  p.  318,  n.  56  (1892) ;  id.  A'oni'. 

^rcA.  Mu».  (3)  Ti.  p.  103  (1894). 

Similar  to  JI.  caitor,  but  somewhat  smaller,  tbo  feathers  of  tbo 

orOBt  thinner,  narrowur,  and  longer  ;  the  bill  nsually  shorter ;  tho 

male  has  the  hlack  edges  of  tho  tertials  broodor,  the  lower  back  and 

rump  paler  grey  and  nsiially  much  freckled  with  whito  :  "  bill  deep 

red,  almost  vonnilion  in  some,  a  cinnabar  or  deep  blood-rod  in 

others ;  tho  noil  and  a  stripe  along  tho  culmcn,  from  the  nail  to  tho 


{J  juv.  ak, 
&  (j  Ad.  sk. 

n'-A*.  d  2  nd.  ( 

rf  juT.  ak. 
f.  S  Kd.  ak. 

*■.   fj   Bd.  Bk. 

r.^  5  od.  ak. 

b'.  (j  (id.  A. 
o'-b',  d  S  ad.ak. 
u>'.  (f  ad.  sk. 

,!■'.  Sternum. 


04.  KEBOAirSER. 

Indln. 

Indus  River,   ScpL    (J,   Bid- 

dulph). 
Nepal  (  Hndnmn), 
Netiro  Sikhim,  Jan.  (£.  Atau- 

deOi.) 
Nutive    Sikhim,    Nov. -Dec, 

April  (£.  Man-UUi). 
Sikhim  (L.  MandeUf). 

Sikhim,  Fob.  (£.  MantkUi). 

Sikhim,  Dec. 

Near  Daijeeling. 

Suddyn,  .^asom,  Fob, 

Bengal  (Uardiaicke). 

Dinnpur. 

M&iiiuiBdi,  Itnipur  Diet.,  Jan. 

Kukii-noor  (Prjevaltk^). 


Hume   CoU.     (Tyi* 

of  the  spedea.)' 
Hume  Coll. 


J.    BIddulph,    Em. 

[P.],  ^ 

Hume  Coll. 
Ilumo  Coll. 
India  Museum  [P.]. 
Cnpt.S.  Pinwill[r.]. 
Hume  Col). 
Sfttbolim  Coll. 


3.  Uergaiiser  americanus. 


p.  293  (port.)  (1821) ;  ,Sji.  06>.  »^i7t.  n.  248  (1825);  id.  Ann.  Zmc. 
N,  r.  ii.  p.  897,  n.  347  (18L'6) ;  id.  Speech.  Comp.  p.  74.  n.  SSO 
(1837) ;  id.  Syn.  p.  397  (1828) ;  Doughty,  Cab.  N.  H.   i.  p.   lOB, 

51. 10  (1830) ;  Sw.  ^Sieh.  Faun.  Bor.-Am.  ii.  p.  461  (1831)  ;  Nult. 
Itm.  li.  p.  460  (1834);  Ei/t.  Man.  Anal,  p,  173  (part.)  (1838) 
(America,  Peru !) :  Aud.  Om.  Biof/r.  iv.  p.  261,  pi.  331  (1838) ; 
U.Syn.-p.  297  (1833);  id.  B.  Am.  vi.  p.  387,  pi.  411  (1S43); 
O.  R.  Or.  Litt  B.  Brit.  Mia.  iii.  p.  147  (f,  /)  (1844) ;  Girand,  B. 
Long  III.  p.  33S  (1844) ;  Wied,  J.f.  O.  1S50,  p.  241  (N.  Americn) ; 
8(Miff.  Mug.  P.-B.,  Anserea,  p.  2  (part.)  ( 1 806) ;  Alien,  BiU.  Mta. 
C.  Z.  iii.  p.  183  (1872) :  Coua,  Kiy,  j.  296  (1872) ;  id.  Oitck-litl, 


1.  521  (1§73) :  id.  B.  It.-  Went,  p.  ^3  (part.)  (1874)  ;  Oitb.  The*. 

O™.  ii.  p.  670  (psrtO  (187fih  Covet,  Check-r  ■  " 

11.743(188 


O™.  ii.p.  670  (psrtO  (187fih  Covet,  Check-m,2aA  ed.  p.   117, 

n.  743  (1882)  -.  td.  Key  N.  Am.  B.  2nd  ed.  p.  716,  a.  743  (1884) ; 

Triitr.  Oat.  Call.  D.  p.  46,  specim.  d  (18^) ;  Brandt,  J.  f.  0. 

1891,  p.  269  (Sitkn). 
Merganser  castor,  Bp.  (nee  linn.)  Conw.  IM,  p.  69,  n.  399  (1838). 
Mtogua  americanus,  Cuu.  Pr.  Aead.  Fhilad.  1863,  p.  187 ;  id.  Zl.S. 

£xpl.  Exj>ed.,  Om.  p.  345  (1868)  (Oregon) ;  Baird,  B.  N.  Am. 

p.  813  (1868)  i  id.  Cat.  N.  Am.  B.  n.  611  (1859) ;  Coop.  *  SttcU 

IV.  S.   Wa,h.   Ta-r.  p.   203  (1800);  a„yd.  lUp.   1862,  p.   170; 

Dreii.  Ibii.  1866.  p,  44   (Texas) ;  Lawr.  Ann.  Lye.  If.  Y.  viii. 

I86(!.  p.   208  (1867);   IfaU  ^  Bami.  Tr.    Otic.  Acad.  I  p.  301 

(1809)  (Alaska);    Stev.    U.S.   Oeol.  Stm:   Terr.  p.  460  (1870); 

Fintch,  Abh.  Breni.  Ver.  iii.  p.  71  (1672) ;  DaU,  Pr.  Cal  Aead.  v, 

(1873)  p.  30  (j\Jeutiau8) ;  Snow,  B.  Kane.  p.  II  (1873). 
Uerpuiser  castor,  a.  ajnericonus,   Bp.   Compt.  Rend,  iliii.  p.   052 

(1856). 
Merg:^  castor,  port.,  Q.  R.  Gr.  Hand-list,  iii.  p.  01,  n.  10728  (1871). 
Ueiffui  mei^naer  americimus,  Ridgvi.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mta.  iii,  p.  206 

(1880) ;  id.  Norn.  N.  Am.  B.  u.  636  (1881) ;  Bean,  Pr.  U.S.  Ifat. 


Mut.  T.  p.  167  (188J)  (Kodiuk);  //orti.  J.  f.  0.  1883,  p.  333 
(ChUeoot.  AlwAa);  B.,  II.,  ^  M.  WaUr-B.  X  Am.  ii.  p.  112 
(1884)  i  Bamnd.  Yarrelft  Hitt.  Brit.  B.  iv.  p.  401  (1884-1885)  ; 
*«6.  Sill.  Brit.  B.  iii.  p.  626  (1886)  ;  Matith.  u.  Ziemer,  J.f.  O. 
1SM5,  p.  192 ;  Seeb.  B.  Japam.  Emp.  p.  im  (1890). 
Men^nmr  unerioinus,  Stejn.  Om.  Erpl.  Kamtick.  p.  177  (1886) : 
A.  O.  U.  Cheek-lut  iV.  Am.  B.  p.  113,  r.  129  (1986) ;  Turmr, 
OmtT.  Sat.  Hilt,  of  Altuka,  p.  130  (1886)  (UnHlaska) ;  l^tUon, 
Nat.  Hut.  CoU.  in  Alatka,  p.  06  (1887)  i  Ridgvi.  Man.  N.  Am.  B. 
p.  8U  (1887)  i  ffofcA,  B.  o/lHinttet.  p.  34  (1802). 

Himilar  to  3f.  mtrgaiuer,  bat  the  male  ia  distinguished  by  having  a 
black  bu  across  the  ving  at  the  base  of  the  greater  coverts ;  ao 
to  the  fnathering  at  base  of  bill  baring  quite  distinct  outline,  as 
stated  by  Mr.  lUdpway,  I  cannot  find  much  difference. 

Ha}i.  Whole  of  North  America,  breeding  south  to  northern  border 
of  United  States ;  occasional  in  Bermudas. 


a,b.  cT  $  ■<!'  ■!(■  Columbia  River. 

<■.  S  0^-  '^-  British  Columbia. 

4.  $  nd.  rt.  Cnnada. 

t.  $  nd.  sk.  41)lh  I>anillel,  May. 


/.  $  ad.  ik. 
a.  ^  nd.  Kk. 
A,  i,  *.  5  ad.  et 

i  iiiv,  sk. 
{,  M.    S  nd.  et 

pull.  tJt. 
«,  o.  l>u]l.  ak. 

jh  $  Ml.  sk. 


r  Island,  Not. 
Vancouver  Island. 
Lyon's  Falls,  New  York,  May, 

Nov.  (A.  J.  Dm/an). 
4Ui  Lake,  Herkimer  Co.,  New 

York,  June (C.  H.  Mrrriam). 
Adirondack^,  New  York,  June 

(C.  U.  Mrrriam). 
Corpus    ChriBt),  Texas,  Dec 

(F.  S.  Armttrong). 


J.  K.Lon3,E9q.rP.l. 
J.K.Lo«l,E8<i  fl',1 
Hudson's  Bay  Co. 
N.  A  me  Hca  Beundarr 

Comm.  [r.]. 
J.  K.  Loud,  Esq.  [P.J. 
Salvin-Oodman  CoU. 
Salnn-GodDian  Cull. 

Salyin-Godman  ColL 

Salvin-Qodmaii  ColL 

Salvin-^jodmau  Coll 


01.    MERGAKSKK.  470 

brown,  the  central  feathers  frocUed  on  the  margin  vith  greyish 
whit«.  Total  length  about  2S  ioches,  wing  iJ'7,  tail  4-5,  culnien 
2-06,  tarsus  1-77. 

Hab.  China  (?). 

The  type  of  thia  speciea  is  still  unique :  there  ia  no  colleotor's 
namo  on  the  label,  no  that  ibe  locality  is  uncertain.  Apparently 
the  bird  ia  a  young  mole  ;  it  baa  no  white  patch  on  the  throat,  and 
in  that  respect  resembles  the  young  of  M.  gfratoi;  while  it  ajt- 
(ininches  M,  castor  in  the  grey  colour  of  tbe  npper  parts  and  the 
whit«  of  the  lower.  The  squamale  form  of  the  markings  on  the 
Banks  disHngutsbeB  thia  bird  from  the  allied  ones,  but  I  have  somo 
doubts,  that  it  may  bo  either  an  individual  variety  or  an  hybrid  ! 
o.  rf  imm.  sk.  Ohms  (?).  Gould  ColL     (Type  of  species.) 

5.  Serganser  Ben&tor. 

The  Red-breasted  Mtrgnnwr. 

IW-brewted  Gooeaudfr,  Edw.  Nat.  Hut.  o/  B.  i.  p.  95,  pi.  9-5  ( J ) 
(1745)  (Newfoundland). 

Mwrganser  ciiatatus,  Brui.  Om.  vi.  p.  237,  pi.  iiiii.  (J)   (1760) ; 
firimn.  Om.  B'ir.  p.  23,  nn,  84,  95  flTM). 

Merganser  leuco  melon  us,  Bria*.  Om.  vi.  p.  350  (1760). 

MergKDSer  niger,  Brua.  Ont.  vi.  p.  251  (1760)  {rx  Oemrr). 

Morgue  serratua,  BrUnn.  Om.  Bar.  p.  23,  n.  U6  (1764) ;  Om.  S.  JV.  i. 
2,p.  546fj(17(«). 

Meivus  seirator,  Linn.  S.  N.  i.  p.  208,  B.  3  (176IS) ;  Gm.  &  N.  i.  2, 
p.  646,  n.  3  (1788) ;  laA.  Itid.  Om.  ii.  p.  82il,  n.  4  (1790) :  id. 
Traiu.  Limi.  Soc.  iv.  v.  121,1.  xri.ff.  1,2  (tTKchea)  (1798);  IlUff. 
iVorfr.p.278  (leil);  Fall.  Zoogr.  Bo»»o-As.  ii.  p.  287  (1811);  ■ 
WiU.  Am.  Om.  viii.  p.  61,  pL  69  (1814) ;  Tentm.  Man.  p.  fi7» 
(1816);  Vieiil.  K.  D.  xiv.  pp.  221,  233  (var.)  (1817)  i  Temm. 
Man.  8nd  ed.  ii.  p.  884  ( 1820) ;  Z>i»n.  IHct.  Sc.  Nat.  xl.  p.  294 
(1831)  i  Flem.  Aa.  of  Zool.  ii.  p.  261  (1822) ;  Boif,  Im.  1S22, 
p,  664 !  J^ht.  Ven.  Doubl.  p.  85  (1833) ;  Sabint,  Fnmkl.  Joum., 
App.  p.  702  (1823)  ;  Brtim,  LnArb.  ear.  VSg.  p.  855  (1824) ;  Bp. 
OU.  WiU.  n.  348  (1825} ;  ia.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  T.  ii.  p.  307,  n.  348 
(1S26) ;  id.  ^lecch.  Comp.  p.  74  (1827) ;  id.  Syn.  p.  397,  n.  348 
(1828);  Flem.  Brit.  An.  p.  120  (1828);  Lot.  Man.  d'Om.  ii. 
p,  420  (1828) :  Brthm,  Isu,  1(430,  p.  lOUO,  n,  1 ;  u/.  Viig.  Doitteht. 
p.  946(1831);  Leu.  Tr.  d^Om.  p.  635  (1831);  Savi,  Om.  Tok. 
ui.  p.  120  (1831) :  Sw.  ^^  liich.  Faun.  Bm:-Am.  ii.  p.  462  (1831); 
A^utt.  Jlfflii.it.  p.  48i  (1834);  /en.  Afan.  p.  240  (1835) ;  Oould.B. 
Eur.  T.  pi.  386  (1837) ;  Egl.  Man.  Anal.  p.  175,  pis.  16  (anatomy), 
17  (skeleton  and  trachea)  {iaS8);  Ami.  Om.  Biogr.  v.  p.  92, 
pi.  401  (1838) ;  id.  Syn.  p.  298  (1839) ;  Tetnm.  Man.  iv.  p.  556 
(I&IO)  (Japan) ;  K.^B.  Wirbelth.  Eur.  pp.  Ixiiviii,  231  (1840) ; 
Selyt-L.  Fatin.  Be^.  l  p.  147  (1842) ;  MacffiU.  Man.  ii.  p.  1D4 
(1842) ;  Schlfff.  Sea.  CrU.  p.  czii  (1844) ;  Naum.  Viig.  Denttchl. 
iii.p.  333,Taf.S2.5(1844);  Hartl  Vm.  Gei.  JIfu*.  p.  121  (1844); 
O.R.Or.  LUtB.  Brit.  Hut.  p.  147  (1844);  W.  Grti.  J.iii.p.629, 
n.  2  (1844) ;  IMKa;,.  N.  F.  Zoal.  ii.  p.  319  (1844) ;  Giraud,  S. 
Long  ImI.  p.  342  (1844) ;  Bchib.  Syn.  At.,  Nalstnrea,  t.  78.  ff.  90- 
93  (1846) ;  HoCb.  Fann.  Oraml.  p.  78  (1846)  (Qreenland) ;  Deal. 
Om.  £ur.  ii.  p.  480  (1840);  Bigf^,  Cat.  B.  Mm.  A.  S.  B.  p.  9^, 
n.  1790  (IS49) ;   TVmm.  j-  SekUg.  Faun.  Jap.,  Ace»,  p.  139  (1850) 


(J&iHn);  SchtA.  Ab.  Sytt.  Nat.  p.  ix   (1852);    Middend.   tUU. 

«Si-.  ii.  2,  p.  238  (1863)  (Ochotak) ;   Tobias,  J./.  0.  IBM,  p.  218; 


p.  442 ;  Licht.  Nomend.  Av.  p.  103  (1854) ;  JloUe,  J.  /.  O.  1855, 
p.  815  (Spain) ;  Fanger.  ibid.  p.  S45i  Wiett,ibid.  p.  509;  MUll. 
J,  f.  0. 1856,  p.  232  (ProTence) ;  Bp.  Compt.  Rend,  xliii.  p,  052, 
n.  167(1856);  JftwS.  P.  R.  R.  Rep.  vi.  p.  104  (1857);  Baor./, 
J.  f.  O.  1867,  p.  130  (Alp^ria)  ;  Piiisl.  J.  f.  O.  1857,  p.  362; 
Loche,  Cat.  M.  et  0.  Algir.  p.  146  (1858);  Baird,  B.  N.  Am. 
p.  814  (1858) ;  id.  Cat.  N.  Am.  D.  n.  612  (1859) ;  Murr.  Edinb. 
N.  Phii.  Journ.  1859,  p.  231  ;  Wied,  J.  f.  O.  IWO,  p.  242 
(Indiana) ;  Preea,  J.  f.  6.  1859,  p.  463  ;  Hdla-nd,  J.  /.  O.  W.M), 
p.  305;  Schrmck,  Foy.  jlmur-iande,  p.  480(IS60)  (Amoor-laiid); 
Coop.  ^  Sackl.  A'.  H.  Wath.  Terr.  p.  2G4  (1860);  Iha-yt,  Ibis, 
1800,  p.  354  (Ionian  IbI.)  ;  Beinh.  Ibu,  1801,  p.  14  (Greeulanil) ; 
Couet,  Pr.  Acad.  Philad.  1861,  p.  241  (S.Uvadorl :  IlinD^  J.  f.  O. 
1861,  p.  308;  Gouid,  B.  of  Gr.  Brit.  v.  pi.  35  (pt.  ii.,  18(W) ; 
Bhkitt.  Ibit,  1862,  p.  332  (Japan) ;  So4»,  Canad.  Natural.,  April 
1862  (Mackenrie) ;  ><Tr.  iV.  As. /»m(.  ill  p.  153  (1862)  ;  Boardm. 

Pr.  Boit.  Soc.  N.  H.  \\.  p.  140  (1862) ;  Radde,  Beit.  S.  O.-Sibir. 
ii.  p.  379  (1863) ;  Blakut.  Rit,  1863,  p.  150  (Hudson's  Bav) ; 
&mnk.  Biii,  1863,  p.   434  (Formosn) ;  id.  P.Z.S.  1803,  p.  523 

(China) ;  O.  R.  Or.  Liet  BrU.  B.  p.  209  (1863)  i  -ffwffc,  /  /.  O. 

1863,  p.  430,   1804,  p.   191  ;  Nordm.  ibid.   p.  779  (Finland  nud 

Lapland) ;    Wrufhl,  Aii,  1861,  p.  150 ;  Haiti,  J.f.  0. 1865,  p.  188 

(nastinfir) ;   Hintz,  ibid.  p.  242  ;  Salead.  ibid.  p.   326  (Sardinia) ; 

Ctone<,  Pr.  Ac.  Philad.  1866,  p.  37  (Fort  Macon) ;  Droe/e,  J.f.  O. 

I860,  p.  391  (Borkum) ;  Sehleg.  Mm.  P.-B.,  Ansenis,  p.  3  ( 1806) ; 

Laarr.  Ann.  Lye.  N.   Y.  riii.  1966,  p.   208  (Long  M.)   (1867); 

Degl.  ir  Gerbe,  Om.  Eur.  ii.  p.  670  (1867 1 ;   Covft,  Pr.  Bout.  Soc. 

S.  H.  lii.  p.  125  (1868) ;  id.   Pr.   Egt.  Imt.   v.  p.  201   (1868); 

Triifr.  Ibit,  1808,  p.  328  (Palestine) ;  Holt:,  J.  f.  b.  1868.  p.  127 

(Gottblldl :  Biih.  1^   Pun--  Ibid.  p.  3;J1J   (Llauria);  Loie,  J.   f.   O. 

1869,  p.  117  (Lofoten  and  Vostc^malua) ;  Goebel,  ibid.  p.  320  (Areh- 


64.   MEBOAKSEB.  481 

(Fmland)  ;  Teiw.  Om.  Faun.  VoiL  3ibir.  p.  72  (1877)  ;  id. 
S«a.  Soc.  Zool.  Fr.  ii.  p.  49  (1877)  (E.  Sibena) ;  Dand  *  Otat. 
Oit.  CAine.p.  511  (1B77)  ;  Pijev.  in  Roiole/i  On.  Mite.  iji.  p.  107 
(1878J  (Mongolia) ;  Blakiit.  ^  Prycr,  Ibis,  187«,  p.  218  (Japon) ; 
Htme  ^  Marti.  Game  B.  of  Ind.  lii.  p.  305,  pi.  20  (1882) ;  HunK, 
Sir.  FralA.  ix.  pp.  268-^27^  (1880)  (kurrachee)  j  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S. 
1880,p.531j  BruadC,J./.  0. 1880,  p.  250;  Blakitt.^  Pryer,  Tr. 
At.  Soc  Jap.  viil  p.  187  (1880) ;  Bidgw.  Norn.  iV.  Atn.  B.  n.  637 
(IKei);  Bcknw.  Urn.  CmtratbL  1882,  p.  3;  id.  Vog.  sool.  Giirl. 
p,  41  (1883) ;  Sair.  Cat.  B.  Strickl.  Coif.  p.  641  (1882);  Blakitt. 
^  Fri/er,  Tr.  Ai.  Soc.  Jap.  x.  p.  101  (1882)  (Japan  uid  Kurilos) ; 
Coues,  Otek-litt.ZDd  ed.  p.  117,  n.  744  (1882);  B.  O.  U.  lU 
Brit.  B.^.l3a  [mA)i  Sclat.  Lut  Ferf-.'in.Slbed. p.  442(1883); 
iloolA,  Jtougk  Hate*,  iii.  pis.  82-64  (<;,  S,  and  pullus)  (IbSS); 
r««.  Bull.  Soc.  Zool.  Fr.  viii.  p.  MS  (1883)  (Kamtschaika) ; 
BarlLJ.f.  0. 1883,  p.  283  (Alajka);  Ifeh.  CriiiM  •Corwin,'  p.  103 
(1883):  Trittr.  Faun.  *  /Vor.  of  Fofeit.  p.  118  (1684);  Jiadde, 
OmU  Caucat.  p.  465  (1684);  B.,  B.,  ^  A  H'atfr-B.  N.  Am.  ii. 
p.  116  (18S4);  CoHa.  Key  K.  Am.  B.  2nd  ed.  p,  717,  n.  744 
(1884) ;  Sound.  YarrelTi  Uva.  Brit.  B.  iv.  p.  4d4  (1884-85) ;  Setb. 
ni,t.  Brit.  B.  iii.  p.  629,  pi.  67  (e*rK)  (1885) ;  Nthrt.  J.f.  0. 1886, 
p.  148  (Illiaole) ;  Matxh.  u.  Zianer,  J.f.  O.  188C,  p.  192 ;  Sahad, 
£1.  Ucc.  Itat.  p.  270  (1887)  ;  Shufeldt,  Fr.  U.  S.  Xat.  Mtu.  iL 
pp.  21C-230,  a.  1-7,  9  (cateology)  (1888)  ;  Hartta.  J.  f.  O.  1889, 
p.  151  (North  Cape);  Triilr.  CW.  Colt.  B.  p.  40  (1889J ;  Steb. 
B.  Jap.  Emp.  ■p. '25S  l\S90)  i  Bchnw.  J.  f.  O.  1890, p.  85;  Brandt, 
J.  f.  O.  18&1,  p,  269  (Sitka) ;  Hartrrt,  Kat.  Vi-gdaammt.  p.  324 
(1891)1  Shnrpr,  Cat.  OUcol.  Spceim.  R.  C.  S.  HI  p.  311  (1891); 
LSford,  Col.  Fig.  Brit.  B.  pt.  xii.  pi.  —  (1892);  DiiboU,  Fam. 
Vert.  Belg.,  Ott.  ii.  p.  618,  pi.  275  (1893);  WnUrtigr.  J.  f.  O. 
1693,  p.  166  (Stceden) ;  a^idaika,  Om.  M(maltb.  ill.  pp.  53-58 
(E.  Prueaial  (1885), 

Moi^iu  albeUus,  Sei^.  <n«  Linn.)  Ann.  i.  Htti.  Nat.  n.  89  (1769). 

Merganser  longiroaWr  criBtalua,  Gerini,  Stor.  di^li  Per,  t,  t.  Vis..  ( d  } 
(1776). 

EBd-breasted  Merganser.  Fern.  Brit.  Zool.  ii.  n.  361,  t.  93  (1776) ; 
id.  Aret.  Zool.  ii.  p.  f.S7,  d.  406  (1785) ;  LalA.  Syn.  iii.  1^  p.  423, 
a.  3  (1786). 

Harle  hupp*,  VAuimt.  PL  EnL  207  (cJ);  Bi^.  Hist.  Nat.  Oil. 
viii.  p,  2,3(1781). 

Ilarle  ft  inanteau  nujr.  Buff.  Hist.  Nat.  Oi*.  liii.  p.  277  (1781). 

Mnctu  \e<KoiaAaA,Om.S.  N.  \.  2,  p.  &46,S  (1<88);  Bnthm.  Jiit, 
iSaO,  p.  1000,  n.  2 ;  «i.  rny.  DruUchl.  p.  047  (1831) ;  id.  Vogtlf. 
p.  3»0  (1856). 

MerKiw  iuge»,  Gm.  S.  jV.  i.  2,  p.  546,  y  (1788). 

MenrBiuer  aemtor,  Schaffer,  Miu.  Om.  p.  6(1,  n.  211,  t.  44  (1789) ; 
Bomt.  Enc.  MHh.  i.  p.  102,  pi.  27.  f.  1  (5)  (1700);  Bp.  Cbmp. 
iMt,  p.  69,  n.  434  (Europe),  n.  400  (N.  America)  (1838) ;  id.  Cat. 
Met.  Vcc.  Eur.  a.  75  (1842) ;  MacsfiU.  Hi»t.  Brit.  B.  y.  p.  216 
(1862) ;  Sely»,  Aifrto  Belff.  i.  p.  277  (1873) ;  Tumtr,  Auk,  1885, 
p.  168  (Alaska) ;  Sttjn.  BuU.  U.S.  Nat.  Mum.  no.  20,  p.  178  (1886) 
(Bering  I.) :  Tunun-.  Contr.  N.  U.  Alaika,  p.  131  (18811);  A.  O.  U. 
CKeek-litl  N.  Am.  B.  p.  114,  n.  130  (1880)  i  Ndton,  Omtr.  Nat. 
Hilt.  Coll.  iHAla»ka,p.mi\SSi)i  Bidyw.  Man.  N.Am.B.^.m, 
11.130(1887);  HatKk,B.ofMinaes.v.:i-^{MSi.)-i)i  Mackay.Auk, 
1894,  p.  226. 

MiTgaoser  digw,  Bonn.  Enc.  Mttk.  \.  p,  104  (1700). 
t.  xxvii.  2 1 


MsrgiiMer  eruUtoa.  Ztaek.  Sgtf.  Cat.  JT.  ^  B.  Br.  Mm.  p.  SB  (1S16). 

Mergaaatt  Mnau,  fXnk.  Gf^  Zooi.  xii.  ^.  p.  \W>  |1b^4|. 

3f«vm   semtiw,   SamA.  Ibui,  l^i,  p.  63  (.VmoT),   1861.  p.  aU 
(y.  CTiinft). 

VcTfnu  cutor,  fiof^  (mc  Imoi.),  Sir.  Featk.  c.  p.  323  (Sindli) 
(I  (-77). 
Adult  male.  Head  and  apper  part  of  Ch«  Det^k  block,  with  a  gTCen 
gloM  OD  the  posterior  half,  the  featfaten  of  the  crown  and  orcipnt 
dongattd  ;  middle  ot  neck  all  round  white,  eicept  a  aairow  line  of 
black  descending  from  Che  occipnt  to  the  upper  part  of  the  back, 
which,  with  the  acapniara,  u  alko  black ;  a  narrow  portion  of  the 
upper  back  reddiah  brown  marked  with  black  ;  lower  back,  rump, 
and  npper  tail-roverta  finely  vermiculated  with  grey  and  black, 
Innger  npper  tuil-covertd  brown,  nearly  unifonn  :  upper  part  of  the 
brc'aat  pale  reddish  brown,  marked  with  blackish  brown  ;  on  the 
sides  of  the  breast  a  conspicnoos  patch  of  feathers  black,  with  the 
central  part  white;  sides  and  flacks  grey,  nodulated  with  black  ; 
lower  breast,  abdomen,  and  nndeT  tail-covcrts  pale  delicate  reddish 
bnff,  which  fades  to  white  soon  after  death  ;  mai^nal  wing-coverta 
brown,  with  pale  edgings,  the  central  ones  white ;  greater  wiug- 
coverta  broadly  white  on  the  apical  half,  the  basal  half  black ; 
primaries,  primary-corertg,  and  outer  secondaries  brown-black ;  inner 
accondariea  white,  with  the  base  block  ;  tertiols  white,  edged  with 
black  on  the  outer  web ;  on  the  white  patch  of  the  wing  two  oblique 
black  bands  formed  by  the  bases  of  the  greater  coverts  and  of  the 
secondaries  ;  axillaries  and  under  wing-coverts  white,  but  the  mar- 
ginal ones  of  the  latter  more  or  leas  brown,  edged  with  white ;  ttul 
hrown-grcy,  the  outer  feathers  undulated  with  white  and  grey  on 
the  outer  web :  bill  bright  vermilion,  with  the  unguis  black,  the 
ridge  of  the  upper  mandible  dusky;  iria  bright  red;  feet  bright 
vermilion.     Total  length  about  :J2  inches,  wing  lO'l,  tail  4,  culmi 


64.    MEBOAHSER. 

4S3                1 

Young  in  down  are  dark  brown  on  the  upper  parts,  shading  into                H 
reddish  hrown  on  the  head,  and  iTito  chestnut  on  the  sides  of  tho                H 
neck  ;  a  white  patch  on  each  wing,  one  on  each  side  of  the  upper               ^| 
baok,  and  one  ou  each  side  of  the  rump ;  uuderpart«  pure  whit«.  and               ^M 
lores  white,  moTf^incd  aboro  aud  bi-low  with  dark  brown  (Seebokm).               ^M 

Hah.  Northern  portion  of  Northern  Hemisphere,  breeding  north-               ^| 
iraid,  Bouth  in  winter  to  the  baain  of  the  Mediterranean,  tho  Black               ^| 
Sea,  the  Caspian,  China  and  Japan  iu  the  Palmarotio  K^on,  and  to                H 
the  Cnit^d  8tates  in  America.                                                                               B 

o,  b.  Pull.  St. 

E      e.  Pull.  Hk. 
1      d.  dad.ek. 

...  C(JiuT.]sk. 

Ji^  (jBd.etiuv. 

Jl,iV  Pall.sL 
^M.  cf  imm-st. 

Orkneys. 

Orkneys  (J.  ff.  Dunn). 

Loch    Steniiiiiii>e,    Urknevs, 

April  (if.  j:i:.f. 

Stronmess,   Orkneys,   April 

{H.J.E.). 
Great  Britain. 

Purchased. 

Hargitt  Coll. 
II.   J.    Elwes,    Em. 
[P.].                 ^ 
a  J.    Elwes,    Esq. 

Old  Coll. 

Great  Britaio. 
North  Uist. 

Purehased. 

T.     Walker,     Esq. 

[P.]. 
B^v.    II.    A.    Mftc- 

pherson  [P.]. 
Purcha-ied. 
Purchased. 

Seebohm  Coll. 
BaroQ  A.  Toa  Hiigel 

[P.]. 
Montagu  Coll. 
Shelley  Coll. 
CanoQ  Tristram  [P.]. 
W.      D.     Cummiug, 

Seebohm  Coll. 

Hume  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 

<S  W.  tf  2  ail.  Bt. 
T,y,x.  6  juv.  ot 
full.  St. 
,  V.  (f  juv.ak. 
V,  c*.  ,}  $  ad.  sk. 

Colboat,    Island  of    Slije, 

July. 
Scotland. 
Englaad. 

Beccles,  Suffolk,  Dec. 
Poole      Harbour,      Dorset, 

Noir. 
GlouceateiBhire. 
Tantriers  {Olcene). 
R.  Kishon,  Pitlestine. 
Jask,  Persian  Gulf. 

«r.   2  ad.  8k. 

«■-  9  ^-  slf. 
/.  9  ad.  8k. 
y".  Imra.  sk. 

k!,r.  rf2ad.  ck. 

L    *■.  WingH  only. 
1    t.  Sad  sk,« 

Yon-e-say,   E.   Siberia,   lat. 

6Ci°,Jane(/f.  S,), 
Kurrachee  {Major  Yerbury). 
Manorah,  Sind,   Oct.   (Co;.;. 

BUhop). 
Fokien,  China. 
Amoy,    China,    Feb.,    Dec. 

(R.  Smmhoe). 
Amoy,  China  (R.  Swinioe). 
Amoy,  China,  Dec. 

m',  n'.   $  ad.  sk. 
»',^,?'.   S^  ad. 

f'.   djnv.sk. 
*■.  rfjValc. 

Gould  Coll. 
Seebohm  CoU. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
H.     Saunders,    Esq. 

[P,]. 
A.  G.  WUday,  Esq. 

Seebohm  CoU. 

F.  Rirnrer,  Esq.  [P.]. 

e.  cfjuv.  sk. 

namUton  Island,  Coren. 

K',  !>•.  rf  2  ad.  «k. 
«/.  *'.    (?    9  a,l. 

y,«'!  <f8d.9k. 

«•',  i".  2  Bd.  et 

rfjuT.ric 

ITakodadi,  .lapan  (BhkUton). 

Nftgaaaki,  Japan,  March. 
Natfasaki,  Japan,  Feb.  {S. 
Bergman). 

Si2 

d".  $«d.»k. 
f".  (T  «A.  ek. 
/",   cTjuv,  sk. 


imm.,   2  juv.  et 
»".    d  «d.  8k. 


OkinawashimEi,  Feb.  (P.  A, 

IloUt). 
Vancouver  laUnd. 
Vancouver  Island. 
Straite  of  San  Juan  dc  Fnca, 

MftTch. 
British  Columbia. 
Frn^er  RiTur,  Brit.  Ckilnmbia. 
Kotzebue  Sound. 
Stewart's    bland,    Ak^a, 

June  (-B.  W.  XrUon). 
St.  MicliRel'a,  Alaska,  June- 

Aug.  (£.  W.  y.). 

Fort  Simpson. 
Canada. 


Secbohm  Coll. 

J.  K.  Lord.Esq.rP.l 
J.  Wood,  F^. IP.I 
Dr.  Lval]  [P.], 


Capt.  Kellett  [P.]. 
Safvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll, 


B.     R.     Ross,    Esq. 
[P.].  ^ 

Hudson  Bay  Co. 


f".  SiuT.  ak. 
/',y».  (Jad.Bk. 


*'.  (J  ju»-  Bk. 
f-n'.  S  ad.  et  <J 


o\  (J  nd.  ak. 


Repulse  Hay. 

Musquash  Cure,  New  Bruns- 
wick,     April      (if.       E. 

MassachuEetta. 
Nantucket,    Uaawchusetta, 

Jan.  (ff.  W.  Uemkaw). 
Wood'a  Hole,  Massachusetts, 

July  (6'  H.  lUfrriam). 
Corpus  Christi,  Texas,  Jan., 

Ocl.,  Dec.   {F.   B.  An,^- 

ttrong). 
Greenland. 
Greenland. 


SaTin-OodmauColl. 
Salvin-GodmMi  CoIL 


ti4.  MBKaAXSER, 


485 


Oieb.  Tket.  OrtL  ii.  p.  609  (1875) ;  v.  Hiiod,  Ibis,  187B,  p.  S93 ; 
Bulla;  Man.  JV.  Z.  Birdt,  p.  73  (1862);  td.  Hift.  B.  Neui  Zeal. 
find  ed.  ii.  p.  279  (1888) ;  JIulkr.  Trant.  JV.  Z.  In*f.  xxv.  1893, 
p,  88  (joung  in  down)  (189.?). 

" I  aueklaudica,  part.,  G.  R.  Gr.  Oen.  B.  iit.  p.  627  (1844); 

'  "    "-■■'    "-  --i-p.  101  (pwt.)  (1814). 


id.  Litt  B.  Bril.  Mu».  i 


.  Head  and  iicek  brown,  with  a  rufous  tinge  on  the  throat 
and  lowor  neck ;  feathers  of  the  occiput  rather  long  and  narrow ; 
Upper  porta,  breast,  and  flanks  dark  grey;  feathers  of  the  lower 
partd  dark  grey,  those  of  ibe  breaflt  with  whitiah  edges,  which 
become  broader  on  the  abdomen  and  under  t«il-coverta ;  a  whito 
apeoulum  on  the  wings,  formed  by  a  subapical  white  band  on  the 
greater  wing-coverts  and  by  the  mt-dian  port  of  the  outer  web  of 
the  inner  seoondaries  ;  inner  under  wing-coverts  and  iujier  second- 
ariea  underneath  edged  with  white ;  axillaries  white ;  quills  and 
tail-feathers  blackish  grey :  "  bill  reddish  brown,  chauging  to  black 
on  the  culmen  and  at  the  ti]m  of  both  mandibles  ;  legs  and  feet 
reddish  brown  "(^"''"■)-  Total  length  about  19  inches,  wing  7 -25, 
tail  3-5,  culmen  2-45,  tarsus  1-4  {Paris  Museum). 

Yoaiu/  in  down.  "  It  is  covered  with  thick,  long,  and  somewhat 
gloBsy  down.  Tbe  upper  part  and  sides  of  the  bead,  the  hind  neck, 
and  the  entire  upper  surface  and  sides  of  the  body  dark  olive-brown  ; 
throat  and  fore  neck,  and  spot  under  each  eye,  bright  rufous,  fading 
away  towards  the  breast ;  under  Burface  ytillowiah  white ;  wings 
dark  olivo-browu,  marked  along  the  outer  edge  nod  longitudinally 
on  the  under  surface  with  yellowish  white.  Jiill  very  dark  olive, 
■haded  with  brown  on  the  ridge,  the  terminal  shield  on  both 
mandibles  reddish  broun,  with  a  polished  surface ;  legs  and  feet 
dull  olive-brown,  paler  on  the  toee,  the  iutenligital  wcba  datker, 
and  the  claws  yellowish  brown."     {Biilltr.) 

A  specimen  in  the  Cambridge  Uiiseum  and  a  second  in  the  British 
Museum,  considered  by  Buller  to  be  mole  and  female,  have  both  a 
Gonspieuous  crest  and  cresceiitio  grev  and  white  markings  on  the 
breast  i  these  markings  I  tnke  to  bo  diHtinctivo  of  the  adult  bird. 

Two  specimens  in  the  Tring  Museum,  marked  mule  and  female, 
have  no  crescentic  markings  on  tbe  breast,  shorter  crest,  and  tht 
middle  of  the  lower  breast  and  abdomen  conspicuously  whit«,  with 
Tery  few  dusky  moltlings  ;  these  I  take  to  be  immaturt  birdg. 

ilab.  Aucklands. 


Auckland  I,,  Dec. 


'.  Hiigei  [!'.]. 


7.  Merganser  brasilianns. 
Merpu  oetosetneeu-s  I'lViW.  JV.  Zt.  liv.  p.  222(1817)  (Brazil)  ;  Dmn. 

out.  Se.  Nat.  xx.  p.  290  (1821) ;  Banz.  EUm.  di  Zool.  iii.  pt.  ix. 

p.  151   (note)  (18Sti) ;  iklat.  $  8alp.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  409 ;  Sdat. 

P.  Z.  S.   1880,  p.  532 ;  B.,  S..  *  B.  Water-B.  JV.  Xm.  n.  p.  ISO 

(n.ito)  (1881) ;  Schiiff,  J.f.  0.  1888,  pp.  6,  7. 
MergUB  octosetiDlus,  Viali.  Ene.  MHh.  \.  p,  361,  pi.  236.  f.  8  (IflBS). 
Mcigus  fuscua,  Lkht.  (n«  Lath.)  Ven.  DouU.  p.  85,  n.  901  {^) 


n«   002  f?)   (1823)  (Snn  l-aulo,  Bnml);   G.  Jt.  Gr.   Gen.   B. 

App.  p.  28  (le^fl). 
Mmvui  brwilianus,  ViriU.  Gal.  det  Oi».  ii.  p.  209.  pi.  SST  (1S55)  • ; 

Z««.  Tr.  iOm.  p.  635,  n.  3  |1p>31)  :  tV.  Conp/.  i/r  Buf.,  Oit.  is. 

p,  537  (1837);  i^op.  ^iV.  2nd  ed.  p.  722  (iN*);  £vf.  Mon.  Aiial. 

p.  176  (l&SH) ;  Ap.  Comyif.  £nu/.  ilui.  p.  652,  D.  i:0(18d6):  £yt. 

«iffl.  ^nof.  p.  13rj(1eGi»). 
Herfpu  octwelaliu-,  fiou,  /*u,  1828,  p.  980. 
Meigiu  brawlifnriif,  G.  R.  Gr.  Gen.  A.  ilL  p.  C34,  n.  4  (1&44):  id. 

w.  ci>.  App.  p.  2S  (IMft);  Lidit.  A'cmtnd.  Ar.  p.  lO^i  (1854): 


AiwerM,  p.  0  (leflC);   ftfa.  Or».   firo*.  p.  322  (Rio  lMran5), 
'",  Ux  (1870);  G.  R.   Gr.  Band-Iitt,  iii.  p.   iX>.  n.   10732 


trm.   imtt.    Ueberi.   iii.   p.   441    (IS^);   Sci/eg.   Mirt.    P.-B., 

"  :  ftfa.  r       ••  "-^  —    ' 

Pp-  ■     .  '     .    " 

(iWl)i  Selat.  ^  Salv.   Knm^d.   Ab.  Ni-utrop.   p.   131   (lf73); 

ttrrl.  J.  f.  O.  1874,  p.  281  (Santa  Cdtliarina) ;  GiVi.  Tke$.  Om.  ii. 

p.  WO  (\h-T)). 
Mefu""  lijphotcs,  (Vn.  Mvs.  Fari» ;  Pucker.  Rrr.  et  Hag.  At  Zool. 

IWiO,  p.  am  (s  M.  octOHttelus  =  M.  brneili&Due) ;  Ha'rft.  J.  f.  O. 

Wm,  p,  420. 
MurgUR  octoaetosuR  (trrore  ?),  Bp.  Compt.  Bend,  xliii.  p.  &)3,  in  i>yti. 

M:  bowiliaiii   (185(1);  tk-Ueyel,  I.  c. ;  G.  R.  Gr.  ffand-M,  ic. ; 

Giebet,  I.  c. 
Pri"h'r  brasilianus,  Seine  4"  Rchnw,  A'(  m.  Attn.  Ilein.  Orn.  p.  350 

(1800). 

Advil  male.  Head  and  upper  part  of  the  neck  gloasy  black,  with 
R  grccu  liutre ;  anterior  lowtr  part  of  the  sei'k,  sides  of  the 
hreoBt,  and  flanks  grey,  minutely  dotted  and  waved  with  whitish  ; 
upper  bock,  rnmp,  upjier  tail-coverts,  and  scapulars  glosny  brown- 
black  ;  breast,  abdomen,  and  under  tail-coverts  barred  acroRS  with 
white  and  brown-black,  the  bars  on  the  under  tail-coverts  narrowi-r ; 
ndnga  brown-black,  the  middle  wing-coverta  lighter  or  greyish 
towarda  the  tip ;  Apecutum  on  the  wing  white,  formed  by  the  apical 
half  of  the  greater  wing-coverts  and  of  the  secondaries,  crossed  by 


Ii4. 


487 


black  haae  of  the  quills :  smaller  upp«r  wlng-cuverta  (except  tlie 
amallcst)  tiagod  with  whitish  grey  on  the  outer  web ;  throat  and 
the  whole  of  the  fore  neck  to  the  breast  blackish,  the  feathers  with 
broadish  whitish  tips,  so  that  the  throat  ia  particular  appears  very 
light;  rcmaiuder  of  the  undur  surface  whit«,  all  the  feathers  crossed 
with  blackish  bands,  almost  OTanesceut  on  the  middle  of  the  breast 
and  abdomen ;  under  wing-coverts  blackish,  edged  with  white ; 
under  lail-eorerts  blackijth,  finely  dott«d  with  white-grey;  tail- 
feathers  partly  blaek-brown  ;  feet  and  tnrsus  brown  ;  upper  mau- 
diblo  blackish;  lower  mandible  paler."  {Berle/aeh.) 
Bab.  South-eastern  Brazil, 

K  Ad.  St. 

».  $  »L  sk. 


Ytarare,  Brazil,  Aug.  {Xallerer). 


APPENDIX. 


CoDtaining  references  to  doubtful  species  of  Anteret,  which  have 
not  yet  been  identified. 

1.   AaiB  iLEUHDBIKA. 

Anas  coUaribus  albia,  Fomk.  DtKr.  An.  p.  Ti,  n.  8  (1""5)  {=Saii 

Sarai). 
Anas,  Forth,  cp.  cU.  p,  3,  n.  8  (]77e). 
Anas  alexaudrina,  Gm.  S.  A',  i.  2,  p.  542,  n.  121  (1788)  (ej-  FortkUl, 

Deter.  ^H.  p.  3,  n.  8);  Lath.  Ind.  Orn.  i\.  p.  877,  n.  lU(17tlO); 
T'ifill.  N.  n.  V.  p.  138  (1810) :  Dum.  Diet.  Sc.  Nat.  vi.  p.  3U4 

(1817) ;  Stejih.  Gen.  Xool.  :iii.  2,p.  112  (1824). 
Adas  mu  mrai,  Bonn.  Enc.  Milk.  i.  p.  163  (1791). 

"Bostrum  totum  uii^um;  coUum  cinereum,  semicirculis  albis; 
abdomen  albidnm,  immaculatum ;  nropygium  Bubtua  nigrum ;  pcdea 
cinoreo-flavi,  membrana  natatoria  Cosca."     {Fortkitl.) 

Locut.  Alexandrin. 

Perhaps  the  male  of  ChauUltumva  Hreperus, 

2.   Axis  ARABICS. 

Anas  grigea,  Fortk.  Doer.  An.  p.  vi,  n.  7  (1775)  (=Sciu-  cliir). 
AnM,  Fortk:  op.  ci/..  p.  3,  n.  7  (1776). 


4.    A  HAS    BlBISUiTA. 

I.  Obi.  ZooL  p.  143  (1804). 


a.  Arab  bobealib. 
GuIauim]  Duck,  Perm.  Ant.  Zoo!,  ii.  p.  072  (1785)  (Iceland) ;  Lath. 
i.  2,p.40fi.n.  25(1786). 
*  bofcalia.  Gin.  8.  N.  i.  3,  p.  512,  n.  69  (Iceland)  (1788) ;  Latk. 
Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  843,  n.  30  (1(90) ;  iSteph.  Oen.  Zool.  lii.  2,  p.  IDS 
(1834). 
Anser  borealia,  Bonn.  Enc.  Mith.  i.  p.  122  (1790);   Fieill.  N.  D. 
--■■■       138(1818]. 


Probably  the  same  as  l^omatfr 


■toU!gs> 


Anas  cnuR,  La:/!r  (vrc  Gm.),  Erdelyi  Muz.  Egilit  £rkonytvi 


■)■ 

"  Size  of  A.  querqufdiila,  but  more  plumpj  and  tho  bead  broader 
head,  ueck,  and  upper  parts  of  a  grey  colour  (like  Ibat  of  the  Wild 
Dove);  the  breaet,  abdomen,  and  the  under  surface  of  the  wings 
mow- white ;  gjKCtibim  grffn ;   bill  and  feet  blaiik." 

Hab.  Coromandei  and  TranBjlTaiiia(!). 

UesBr^i.  Daiiford  and  Harvie  Drowu  (I.e.)  think  that  tbe  bird 
deeeribed  by  haiAl  may  have  been  Anas  marmorata,  but  tho  green 
speculum  b  against  aucb  identification. 


7.  Akah  CHI  no  a  kes  bib. 
Anaa  chinganpHBis,  Schjifrcfi, '  Jiumii/a  dai/nai/o  voilota  '  {Zajiiski  of 
Ihr  hiiji.   Hunt.  Geoffr.   Hoc.  St.  i'eier^.  \ol.  jdv.  1886)  {rf.  Ibis, 
1887,  p.  264)  (de«.T.  nulla). 


',  Sonncr.  f 'oy.  a 


8.  Arab  dohcticana. 
Canard  DoDiiniquain  du  Cap  de  Bonne  Ecp^ra 

Ind.  ii.  p.  221  (1782). 
Dominican  Duck,  Lath.  Syn.  iii.  2,  p.  625,  n.  70  (1785). 
Abivb  doniinicBna,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  2,  p.  536,  n.  109  (1788) ;  Lath.  Ind. 
O™.  ii.p.  859,  n.  06(1790);  Bonn.  Enc.  Mltk.  i.  p.  133(1790); 

;  -Oum.  IXi^t.  Sc.  Kat.  ■" 

2,  p.  100  (1824). 

"  Size  of  the  Wild  Duck  ;  beak  black ;  the  face  and  throat  are 
irbite;  from  the  beak,  passing  through  Ibe  eye,  is  a  hluck  streak, 
ending  in  an  angle  behind ;  tbe  hind  port  of  the  head,  the  neck, 
and  the  breast  black ;  the  baci  and  lesser  wing-coverts  are  of  a 
deep  aihy  grey,  barred  with  two  bands  of  very  pale  grey ;  the  belly 
and  vent  are  pale  grey  ;  the  legs  are  black. 

"  Inhabits  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope."     {Supheta.) 


Anas  fusca  (Teal), Ell'nan  {nee  Linn.),  Xool.  18lil,  p. 7-171 ;  G.  R.  Or. 
i5M,  1862,  p.  241  (notej. 

tiah.  New  Zealand. 

10.   AkAS  FUSCESCBNa. 
Brown  Duck,  Penn.   Arct.  Zool.  ii.  p.  tiij!),  n.  iilO  (Newfoundl&nd) 

(1785) ;  Lath.  ^.  jii.  -2,  p.  480,  n.  39  (irtW). 
Anas  toacexettB,  Gin.  S.  N.  i.  2,  p.  S&i,  n.  104  (1788) ;  Lath.  Ind. 

Om.u.p.»49,n.  40  (171)0);  rieill.  X.  D.  y.  p.  10<J(iei(i);  Hum. 

Diet.  Sc.  Nat.  vi.  p.  386  (1817);  SUph.  Gen.  Zool.  xii.  2,  p.  lOU 

(1824);  jtferr.  in  Enthu.  Grub.  Eneyd.  eect  i.  vol  ixiv.  p.  37 

(1841);  Gwfi.  Thfs.  Urn.  i.  p.  352  (1872). 

"Length  IG  iuches;  beak  large,  stout  at  iU  basp,  bluish,  with 
its  tip  black;  the  noatrils  are  placed  near  the  end  (!);  the  beud 
and  Tieck  are  very  palo  brown ;  the  lower  part  of  the  last,  and  the 
breast  the  same  ;  tho  feathers  edged  with  fermginous ;  the  wings 
a»\).j  grey ;  the  speculum  blue,  tipped  with  white ;  the  tail  and  legs 

"  Inhabits  Newfoundland."     {Stephfnt.) 

II.    ASAB  HIKA. 

Anns  cbinensis,  Otbrck,  Vin/.  ii.  p.  33. 

Hina  Teal,  Lath.  Syn.  m.  3,  p.  658,  n.  98  (China)  (1785). 

Anashina,  Gm.  S.X.i.2,  p.  523,  n.  93  (1788)  (cj:  LatAam):  Lath. 

Ind.  On.  ii.  p.  876,  n.  109  (1790) ;  Bonn.  Enc.  Mith.  i.  p.  108 

(1791);   Vieitl.  N.  D.  v.  p.   120  (1816) ;  Dum.  Diet.  Sc.  Kal.  vi. 

p.  306  (1817). 
Querqnedula  hina,&'(epA.  Gen.  Zool.  xii.  3,  p.  152  (18S4)  (a  doubtful 

speciea);   G.  R.  fir.  Gen.  II.  iii.  p.  til6,  a.  11  (ls4.>) ;  Up.  Compt. 


491 

AiiM  cmdlni,  Lath.  Znd.  Om.  il.  p.  876,  n.  Ill  (1790)  ('=luii^i 
S.  G.  Gin.)  i  id.  &,n.  Sappl.  ii.  p.  356,  n,  20  (1801) ;  VitilL  N.  U. 
T.  p.  171  (1816). 

FulignU  prmelinL.  Strph.  Gen.  Zool.  iji.  3,  p.  209  (1834). 

Anas  lucida,  "  Gin."  (eiroiv),  Git&.  Tht».  Ora.  i.  p.  368,  in  lyn, 
A.  nrrocaj(1873). 

*'  Anaa  nigra,  capite  spadicoo,  pectore  lineis  rabris  traasrereis ; 
I    Creeca  maior. 

"  hall,  in  Man  Caspio  et  relltjua  Rusaia  austral!." 
Perhape  the  same  as  Nyroea  ferina  or  N,  afrieana. 


14.  Anas  uEDiTBBBANiu. 
Anae  mediterraoeft  (MouDWin  Teal),  EUman,  Z<mIoii.  1861,  p.  7471 
(New  Zealand  ?) ;  U.  Ji.  Gr.  Ibis,  1862,  p.  341  (note). 


fieiggans,  Koibt,  Vorg.  1',  p.  139. 

Mountain  Gooee,  Lath-  Sun.  iii.  3,  p.  458,  n.  20  (1765). 

Anas  montona,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  2,  p.  filO,  n.  65  (1788)  ;  Lath.  Ind.  Om. 

ii.  p.  841,  p.  35  (1790). 
Ausur  nonUuius,  Bonn.  £nc.  Mith.  i.  p.  123,  n.  32  (1790) ;  rUill  N. 

D.  xiiii.  p.  343  (1818);  Dnm-mt,  Diet.  Sc.  Nat.  xxsr.  p.  467 

(182.5). 
AoBer  montAnn,  SUph.  Gtn.  Zool.  lii.  2,  p.  37  (1824). 
Chennlopex  nKuitwiiia,  G.  R.  Gr.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  005,  n.  3  (1846). 

"  Size  larger  than  the  Tiiine  Ooose.  The  wvng-feathera  and  those 
of  the  head  of  a  bright  red,  shining  green. 

"Inhabits  the  Capo  of  Good  Hope,  where  it  keeps  mostly  on  the 
hills,  and  feeds  on  grass  and  herbs."  {Latham  es  Kolbt.) 

Doubtfully  identified  hy  Bonaparte  ((iimpt.  Ueud.  sliii.  p.  64!l) 
with  Chenalopej:  (rgyptinrug,  but  more  likely  =  Caaarea  tana  j  and 
),  the  original  description  C[uite  wrong. 


ll).    ASAS  SILOTICA. 

Anas  niloticB.  Hatml-/.  Ilpt,  p,  .T0.5,  n.  36  (1757) ;  id.  Srite  (ed.  Linn.), 
p.  31B,  D.  36  (1762) ;  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  2,  p.  508,  □.  U2  {1788} ;  Lath. 
Ind.  Om.  u.  p.  846,  n-  38  (1790) ;  Bonn.  Enc.  Mith.  i.  p.  133 
(1790);  Finia.  N.  D.  v.  p.  130  (1716);  Ikim.  Diet.  Se.  Nat.  vi, 
p.  349  (1817). 

Nilotic  Duck,  Lath.  Swt.  iii 

Curina  nilotica,  Htcph.  Oeii 

Perhaps  the  same  as  Chenai 


Anns  Tiridi-rUoQibeft,    Forik.    Deter.  Aiii 

{=SirRair). 
AuM,  Fortk.  op.  cit.  p.  3,  n.  11  (\7'b). 


Anfw  sirsair,  Gm.  8.  N.  i.  2,  p.  542,  n.  123  (1788)  {tr  Fortk.  tt.  ec.) ; 
Lath.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p,  877,  n.  116  (1790);  Bom.  Enc.  Mith.  i. 
p.  149  (1700) ;  VieiU.  N.  D.  \.  p.  IGo  (1816) ;  Dura.  Diet.  Sc.  Nat. 
Ti.  p.  394  (1817);  Slepk.  Gen.  Zoal.iM.  2,  p.  Ill  (1824);  ?  Ttch. 
J.f.  0. 1856,  p.  160  (Rurik). 

IJah.  Arabia. 

UoBt  probably  the  femalo  of  Nettion  creera. 

18.  Ahib  Bp. 

CimaHl  k  civte  roujrc,  Cook,  2nd  Vou.  (Now  Zualond) ;  cf,  VteilL 
N.  D.  T.  p.  Ill  (1816). 

19.  Akas  sp. 

Teal  (with  red  on  the  wing),  Traven,  Tr.  New  Zeal.  Iiut.  i.  p.  178 
(Chftthain  iBlands)  (18(19) ;  3ud  ed,  p.  125  (1876). 

Quei^uedula  Bp„  Fin»eh,  J.f.  0.  1870,  p.  :m. 

Ansa  8p.P,  Sutton,  Ibis,  1872,  p.  247  (Ohathtim  lalands) ;  Finach,  J. 
f.  0. 1874,  p.  223. 

20.  Ahab  iorrida. 
BranU  torridft,  Seop.  Ann.  i.  Hist.  Nat.  p.  68,  a,  66  (1769). 
Anaa  lomdii,  Om.  S.  N.  i.  2,  p.  51t^  n.  75  (1788) ;  Lath.  Ind.  Om. 

ii.  p.  846,  D.  33  (1790);    Bonn.  Enc.  Mith.   i.  p.   153   (17911; 

Bfchtt.  Om.  Tagehmb.  ii.  p.  454,  n.  37  (1803) ;  Dam.  Did.  Sc. 

Nat.  yi.  p.  380  (1817). 

According  to  Bcchstein,  probably  a  hybrid  between  a  Common 
Buck  and  Cairina  moichata. 


34.  UEseDS  c^RiTLKcs. 
White-faced  Duck,  Lath.  Syn.  iii.  2,  p.  50J,  n.  50  a  (1785). 
Blue  Meigansur,  Peim.  Aret.  Znol.  ii.  Sujipl.  p.  74  {Hudson's  Say) 

(1767). 
Mergus  cieruleus,  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  8a^,  n.  10  (17001;  Dvm. 

Oct.  Sc.  Nnt.  II.  p.  297  (1821) ;  O.  R.  Gr.  Gat.  B.  iii.  p.  629, 

n.7(P)  (1844). 
Mereatiser  taeruleue,  Steph.  Gen.  Zool.  rii.  2,  p.  171  (1824) ;   Bp. 

Comft.  Bead,  iliii.  p.  O-J.j  (p)  (ISoti). 

25.  Mergus  cbistatub. 

Mergua  crislAtus,  Pall,  (nee  Bruu.)  Zoogr.  Rotto-At.  ii.  p.  201  (I6I1) 
(Ins.  Ocean!  OrientaliB);  G.  R.  Gr.  Gen.  B.  Ui.  p.   629,  n.  C(P) 
(1844):  Brandt,J./.  0.imi,f.-2m. 
Morg-119  serrator  a.  paUaaii,  Bp.  Cumpt.  Rend,  iliii.  p.  652  (1856). 
A  species  incompletely  deacribed,  posaibly  idontical  with  Lo[iho- 
difta  cucultattu  {cf.  Brandt,  I.  c). 

26.  UcBsra  uipbbialis. 

Anitra  imperiale,  Cetit,  Ucr.  di  Sard.  p.  314  (1776)  (Sardinia). 

Metgus  iniperialis,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  2,  p.  647,  n.  4  (1788)  (er  Cetti) ; 
Lath.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  83ft,  n.  3  (1790) ;  VieiU.  X.  D.  liv.  p.  222 
(1817)  (=albeUus  P) ;  Baux.  Elan,  di  Zool.  iii.  pt.  ii.  p.  151  (note) 
(1826) ;  G.  B.  Gr.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  629,  n,  6(?)  (1844). 

UeTganaetiinveiiiiiis,Bmn.Enc.Mfth.  i.  p.  106  (1700);  SUph.  Oen. 
Zool.  iii.  2,  p.  170  (1824) ;  Bp.   Conipt.  Bend,  iliil.  p.  652  (P) 
(1856). 
The  description  of  the  bill  given  by  Cetti,  in  my  opinion,  is  that 
of  a  Goose,  and  most  probably  of  Aitter  ferm. 

21.   Mehcos  IflOKlCOLLia, 
Mergua  nigricollia,  BeeUi.  Om.  Taschenh.  ii.  p.  403  (1S03). 
23,  CEdemu  ap. 

•»,  1884,  p.  167  (Eitract, 


OidemJa,  ap.P,  Boeck,  MT.  om.  Ver.  I 
p.  2.S)  (Cochabamba,  Bolivia). 
"  Einf brmig  scbwari.    Schnabel  gdb, 
(Boeek). 


"Fast  jihnliche  Zeichnung  wie  Dafila  npinicaudn,  aber  aoeg^ 
seicbnet  durch  zwei  lebhaft  rothc  Fleckon  auf  den  Wangen,  doea 
orange-golbcn  Schnabel,  niit  achwanem  First.   Fiisse  roth  "  (Botdc), 


i  braan.     Sohr  selten  " 


29. 


limauBDDLA  Bp. 


I 


30.  Cahakd  issQiList. 
Cuianl  innomind,  fcmelle,  Lee».  Descr.  Mamm.  H  Om.  p.  £47  (1M7). 
I'oesibly  tbo  same  as  NtttUin  JlaviTostrt, 


Order  XX.  CRYPTDRI. 

Tinamons  bave  a  superficial  reacmblaDce  to  Partridges.  Their 
bill,  usually  elongated,  is  as  long  as,  or  shorter  than,  the  head ;  the 
culmen  is  nearly  etraigbt  or  slightly  cnrred,  flattened  and  covered 
at  the  base  vith  a  membrane  or  cere,  which  also  envelops  the 
nasal  grooves ;  the  nostrils  are  large,  basal,  or  even  open  in  the 
anterior  half  of  the  bill ;  the  wings  short,  concave,  rounded,  and 
quint o-cubital ;  the  tail  short,  constantly  pendent,  and  generally 
hidden  by  the  upper  tail-coverts ;  tarsi  moderate  and  shielded  in 
iix>nt,  or  entirely  covered  with  hexagonal  scales ;  the  toes  are  mostly 
ibnr,  but  sometimes  only  three;  when  present,  the  hind  toe  is 
articnlated  higher  than  the  anterior  ones.  Powder-down  patches 
are  present  among  the  feathers,  and  these  in  some  have  aftershofts. 

TinamouB  have  a  small  head  and  slender  neck,  clothed  with  very 
abort  feathers  ;  the  plumage  is  generally  inconspicuous  ;  some  tint 
of  brown,  ranging  from  rufous  to  sTaty,  and  often  more  or  less 
closely  barred  with  a  darker  shade  of  black,  or  even  with  pale  bnfT, 
is  the  prevailing  coloraliot). 

The  newly  batched  cMcka,  nidifngons  or  praeoett,  are  covered 
witb  down,  and  mote  or  less  closely  resemble  the  young  of  some  of 
the  Ratita. 

The  male  takes  on  himself  the  duty  of  incubation. 

The  ^ga  are  very  remarkable,  curiously  unlike  those  of  other 
birds,  and  the  shell  looks  like  highly  burnished  metal  or  glazed 
porcelain,  preMUting  also  various  colours,  which  soem  to  be  constant 
ticular  species,  ranging  from  i 


CRTPTDBJ.  495 

tliat  tho  TinaiBoua  formed  a  very  distinct  group  of  birds,  which, 
though  not  to  be  removed  from  tho  Cai-inaUr,  presented  much 
resemblance  to  the  ffaiitir.  il.  Alix  aJao  hns,  from  an  inde- 
pendent JavestigBlion  of  the  osteology  and  myology  of  Noihura 
major,  come  to  TirtuiUly  tho  ssme  conclusion  (Joum.  de  Zool.  iii. 
pp.  1G9  and  252,  pis.  -riii.-xi.).     (A.  Newton.) 

Dr.  Stejneger  (Kingal.  Stund.  Nat.  Hist.  iv.  (Birds)  p.  51,  1885) 
has  emphasized  the  many  Struthious  characters  of  the  Tinamous. 

Ur.  Seebobm  (Class.  B.  p.  43)  says  that  "  tho  Tinamous  appear 
to  form  a  link  between  the  Gallinrr  and  the  Apterygea.  The  ster- 
Biim  is  quite  unii[ue,  but  it  approaches  nearest  to  that  of  the  OaUinm 
and  is  as  far  as  possible  from  that  of  the  if  a 'if  t^.  In  their  pterj'losis 
the  Tinamous  are  Galline,  and  not  in  the  least  Struthionine.  On 
the  other  hand,  tho  pelvis  and  the  palut-e  have  certain  oharocteristica 
vhich  are  only  to  be  found  in  the  St  ru  t  hi  on  i  formes." 

Mr.  E.  B.  Sharpe  in  1891  ('Review  of  Recent  Attempts  to  Classify 
Birds ')  agrees  with  Secbohm's  class ificat ion,  and  places  the  Tinamous 
after  the  RaliUe  at  the  beginning  of  the  Curinattf,  just  before  the 
Oalliforvie*. 

One  year  later.  Dr.  Gadow  (P.  Z.  S.  1892,  p.  243)  placed  the 
CrypUiriformf»,  as  he  calls  the  Tinamous,  immediately  after  the 
Aitteriformea  and  before  the  Galli/orrues,  giring  the  following 
diagnosis:^ 

"  Neotrnpical.     Nidifugona.      Phytophagous. 

"  Schizognathons.     Vomer  fused  ivith  bones  of  palate.    (Unii/ue.) 

"  Basiptcr}'goid  proeoases  present. 

"  Rhamphothoca  compound.     Narcs  impervious.     Holorhinal. 

"  Bt«rnum  with  very  slender  and  long  mesostornum  and  simple 
posterior  lateral  processes.     Proconicoid  process  rudimentary. 

"  With  incisura  ischiadicii. 

"  Hypotarsus  simple. 

"  Flexors  of  type  II. 

"  Neck  with  lateral  aptcria. 

"  Aftershaft  rudimentary. 

"  Oil-gland  tufted.     Quinto-cubil^d. 

"  Ten  jirimaries. 

"  PlagiocoDlous,  tj-pe  V.     Cajca  large.     Crop  globular." 

In  a  more  recent  work  (Bronn's  '  Klassen  und  Ordnungen  dee 
Thier-Rcichs,'  vi.  Viigel,  p.  160)  Dr.  Oadow  defines  very  shortly  tho 
Tinamifoniitt  as  Kidifugous  Carinatffi  with  incisura  ischiadica  and 
without  pygostjle.  and  places  them  between  the  Fakotii formes  (I) 
and  the  Uallifonna. 

Only  one  family. 


I 


1 


Family  TINAMID^E. 


Ket/  to  ike  Oenera. 

a.  With  ft  hind  toe.    (Tinamina.) 

a'.  Tail-feathers  teu,   hidden  hy  the  upper   tail- 
coverts, 
a".  Hind  upect  of  the  tarsus  roii|;h. 

a'".  Scales  of  tho  hiod  aspect  of  the  tarsus 
with  the  upper  margin  promineDt ;  toes 

short ].  Tmautb,  p.  49tj. 

b'".  Scales  of  the  hind  aspect  of  the  tataus 

not  prominant  on    the   upper  margin;  [p.  609. 

ti>eB,  eepeciallv  the  middle  one,  Innj^    . .  3.  Nothocebcus, 

b".  Hind  aspect  of  the  tarsus  smooth   3.  CBYPTtrauB, 

('.  Tul'faathera    rudlmantarf,   mixed   with    the  [p.  514. 

upper  tail-coverts. 
«".  nil  nther  long,  curved  and  tapering  to  a 

e"'.  Hind  toe  rather  long ;  primaries  uniform  [p.  -^j?. 

rufous   4.  Rhynchotu.i, 

i".  Hind  toe  short ;  primaries  not  unifonn  [p.  550. 

rufous      S.   NOTHOPBOCTA, 

d".  Bill     rather    short,    almost    straight,    not 
grkduall;  tapering  to  a  point,  but  more  bent 
at  die  tip. 
«'".  Up^r  tail-coverta  not  verj  long;  sexes 

similar 6.  NoTHtrnA,  p.  558. 

/".  Upper  tul-coverts  of  the  male  extremal;  fp.  564. 

long  and  abundant 7.  Taoniscus, 

b.  Hind  toe  wanting.     {Tinamotidina.)  [p.  c 


1. 


407 


Kti/  to  ihe  Speciet ". 

«,  Geaend    oolour  very    dwlt,  olive  ami   alaty 
bUck;  breSBt  slatf  greji  upper  piul  uf  Uie 

head  black.    Size  very  large tao,  p.  i97. 

b.  Qeneral  ciilour  of  the  upper  parts  olive,  more 
or  lesa  hrown ;  breast  not  slaty  grey. 
4'.  Wiogg  mote  tbao  8  inehea, 

6",  Upper    part    of   head    black,    with    no 
chestnut-brown  colour. 
J'".  Pri mwies, primary-coverts,  and  baslard- 

wing-  greyish     rohitilut,  p.  500. 

c'".  Pri marie*. primary-coverts, and bastard- 

■wing  blackish   ftunpeimtt,  p.  500. 

c".  Upper  part  of  head  not  entirely  black, 
(f ".  Upper  part  of  head  olive-brown ;  two 
longitudinal  rufona-buff  bands  on  the 

sides  of  the  nape sniilariui,  p.  501. 

«"'.  tipper    part    of   the   head   partly   or 

entirely  rufous-brown  or  cbeatnut 

e'.  Occipital  civst  of  pendent  feathers 

more  or  less  distincL 

e'.  Sides  of  the    head   bright  rufous 

or  conspicuously   rufesceot;   ear- 

CovBrta  rufous major,  p.  602. 

_fK  Sideaof  the  bead  dusky  or  blackish; 
ear-coverts  blackish. 
_f'.  Slate-grey  colour  of  the  upper 

Siart  of  the  head  confined  to  the 
i>rehead     lubcritlatui,  p.  504. 

i/'.  Slate-black  colour  of  the  upper 
part  of  the  head  extended  oil 

over  the  anterior  half latifroni,  p.  606. 

/■'.  No  distinct  occipital  crest. 
g'.  Sides  of  the  bend  distinctly  ru- 
fous :  upper  part  of  the  head 
uniform  brigbtrufousorcinnamon.  ruficfpi,  p.  500 
h'.  Sides  of  the  bead  not  dii^tinctly 
rufous ;  upper  part  of  the  bead 
deep  cbestnut,   blackish   on   the 

forehead  in  some  specimeos   ....     castaneierpt  p,  507. 
Wio^  8  incbeH,  conspicuously  spotted  with 
whitish   bulF;   size  rather  small ;    upper 
part  of  the  bead  blackish   ffvtlatut,  p.  508. 


I.  Ti&amna  too. 

Tinamua  tao,  Temm.  Pig.  ft  Gailin.  iii.  pp.  509,  749  (Pari,  Brazil) 
(1815) ;  fitepA.  Gen.  Zool.  xi.  2,  p.  408  (1819)  ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Gen.  IS. 
iii.  p.  mi,  n.  1  (eul.  svn.)  {1844J  ;  B^.  Compl.  Send.  ilii.  p.  B81, 


lamnot  aware  of  CabaniiihaTiDgijeecribM]  ■  Rpeciea  of  Tina 


I 


() ;  a.  It.  Or.  Lift  GalUna  Brit.  Mut.  p.  96 
dz.C        "  ™' 

.,  .       );  i 

(1871);  Selat.  ^  Salv.  Km. 

GuunB,  Veneiuela.  Columbia)  (187S) ;  Gieb.  Thei.  Om.  iii.  p.  G38 

(eicl.   BjnO   (1877);   SchUff.    Mui.   P.-B.,  Tinami,  p.  8  (1880); 

BarteH,  Kat.  VogeUamml.  p.  :20lt,  n.  3093  (Brazil)  (1891). 
Ciyptura  Bolitaria,  part.,  FtVitf.  A'.  £>.  jxiit.  p.  106  (wc  p.  105) 

(1819). 
Tinamus  brasilienBiB,  part.,   Trmm.  PI.   Col.,  genre  Tinamoii,  ep.  ft 

(1828) ;  Leu.  Man.  d:Om.  ii,  p.  206  (1828). 
CrvpturuB  canuB,  Wagl.  lite,  1829,  p.  746 ;  G.  It.  Gr.  Gen.  B.  iii. 

p.  524,  D.  2  (1844). 
CrTptunis  tao.  Leu.   Tr.  d'Ora.  p.  511   (part.)  (1831);   ?  Thienfm. 

yartK/lanz.  p.  22,  t.  v.  f.  1  (eg?)  (1846). 
Crypturus  kleei,  Tich.  Arrih.f.  Natnrg.  1843,  i.  p.  387  (Bio  Chan- 

cbamajo  and  Chuncbotambo),   1844,  i.  p.  308,  n.  282;  ii^.  Favn. 

Per.,  Avea,  pp.  47,  284,  t.  jixii.  (1840)  (type  ejamined)  •. 
Tinainus  kleeei  (errore),  G.  R.  Gr.  Gen.  S.  iii.  p.  624,  n.  10  (1844), 

Append,  p.  25  (1849). 
TiDainua  Ueei,  Echnb.  Syn.  Ar.,  Oallinacece,  t.  285.  f.  166/)  (1848) 

[ex  TKhudi) ;  G.  S.  Or.  LUl   GalUtue  Brit.  Mvs.  i     """ 


(1867);  id.  Hand-lilt,  iii.  p.  4,  n.  9865  (1871);  Tacz.  P.  Z.  & 
1874,  p.  663  (Montericc) ;  Schleg.  Mui.  P.-B.,  Tinami,  p.  8  (nitica' 
(1880);  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  3  (N.E.  Peru);  id.   Om.  Pir.  ii 


.         .  .  ,  111-  P-  4,  ,         . , 

1874,  p.  663  (Montericc) ;  Schieg.  Mus.  P.-B.,  Tinami,  p.  8  (critical) 

(1880);  Tore.  P.  2.  S.  1882,  ,    "   '"  " ■*        "-     - 

p.  293,  7'flWe«,p.  106(1886). 
TrachjpelmUB  camiB,  Cab.  in  Schomb.  Reite  in  Brit.  Guian.  iii.  p.  749 

(1848) ;  Lickl.  Norn.  Av.  p.  87  (Para)  (1864) ;  Burm.  Sy»t.  Veb. 

Tkier.  Brae.  iii.  p.  326  (1856) ;  Heine u. Rchnw.  A'om.  ifu-Sein. 

Om.p.  303  (Porto  Cabello)  (1890). 
Tinamua  weddellii,  Bp.  Compt.  Raid.  zlii.  p.  881,  u.  813  (Bolivis), 

p.  054  (1866) ;   id.   Tabl.  Parall.  ordre   GaUin.   (extract)  p.  12, 

no.  314,  p,  15  (l^^^)6]   (duscr.   princep?) ;  id.   Compt.  Rend,  iliii. 

p.  572(^e*nu8)  [Mm). 
Tinamua  kleaei,  Bp.  Compt.  Rend,  alii,  p.  681,  n.  315  (1856)  ;  Gieb. 


1.    TRI.IHITI.  49ft 

This  tai^  apectcs  ii  easily  disttnguuhe'l  by  tlie  dark  olive-slaty 
tmge  of  its  plamage. 

Adult  nude.  Upper  port  of  the  head  aad  nape  black ;  sides  of  the 
head  black,  speckled  with  white:  from  each  aide  of  the  occiput 
Btart  two  whitish  bunds  mixed  with  blackish,  ruuning  on  the  sides 
of  the  nape ;  throat  white,  mottled  with  black ;  lower  part  of  the 
aeck  and  breast  slaty  grey,  more  or  lesa  waved  with  darker  lines ; 
upper  parte  greyish  olive,  waved  with  black  lines  and  bars,  broader 
on  the  lower  back  and  rump :  upper  wing-coverts  like  the  upper 
back  ;  flanks  greyish,  waved  with  irregular  buff  bands ;  middle  of 
the  abdomen  baS;  \inder  tail-ooverts  grey,  rufesceot  along  the 
middle  and  more  or  less  waved  with  irregular  grey  lines:  primaries, 
primary-coverts,  and  bastard-wing  uniform  slaty  black  ;  under  wing- 
coverts  slaty  grey  ;  tail  slaty  black,  the  outer  edgea  of  the  feathers 
freckled  with  olive:  "iris  brown-red"  (Ooertng),  "dark  brown; 
bill  dark  brown,  with  the  lower  mandible  yellowish;  feet  blackish 
olive,  with  the  nails  yellow"  (Tacianowgki).  Total  length  about 
21  inches,  wing  11,  tail  5,  culmen  1-5.  tarsus  3. 

Hah.  AmazoDS,  Guiana,  Venezuela,  Colombia,  Pern,  and 
Bolivia. 

a.  Ad.  at  Venezuela.  I'urchaseii. 

i,  cT  Bd.  «k.  Sau    Eateban,    Veuezuela  Salvin-liixlman  Coll. 

[Goering). 
c.  Ad.  sk.  Vicinity  of  Bogota,  New  Salvin-Godman  OoU. 

Granada. 


Tinamui  [bluii]  *, 
BtuisUm):  G.  H.  I 
//aBrf./«(,ui.p.4,no.e867(1871);  Gtd.  jW  0™,  iii.  p.  tf35  (1877). 

"  Par  la  groupur  M.  Is  couleur  il  se  rapproclie  du  T.  ni\}or,  s'en  diadnguaot 

par  lea  pluuie*  nrolongiee  qui  forment  auwi  u ""  "" ---•— -" — 

-  '— '^-/m.  seiil,  =        ■■--.--.> 
tmetia  *«>pf  « 

major:  le  ^ont,  la  |>Hrtie  antirieiire  de  la'Wleet  le»  paupiirei.  aont  noirilrej. 
la  nuBDm  pri-doininanbi,  aur  lu  parties  sup^rieunx,  dp  tend  pu  au  vert 
oUvitre,  nimnip  ohn  Ic  mi^'nr.  tatia  au  brun  olive  rounfttrei  pmque  toulaa 
le*  pM-tiea  inf^rieuree  sonl  lerniioul^  d'uae  couleur  plun  foDofe  que  dani  le 
■mcfjor.  8a  longueur  e>l  de  45  ceutimetrM :  ion  bee  egt  long  de  5  cent  imetrei. 
■M  ailea  bd  meaurent  -J8  ft  dm  tanei  7|.  11  porte  la  petite  oriniere  ras^  (en 
bro«e)da8uicriiifa/iu,  maiaeUeeet  enti^rement  noiritre,  oadu]6e  et  potntiU^ 
d«  gru  JBUnitre  ;  1m  pnrtia*  infirieuree,  plus  claires.  aout  enti^reiiienl  TSpioi- 
oulrMdeblkiu^atra:  le*  p«rit>  pomU  eont  tr^nombreui  M  serria  lur  iagorge, 
au'ill  cntahiieent  et  co^ivreut  oomplStauent.  tra^nt  ausii  deui  lignes  le  loiig 
do  la  partie  pontfrieure  du  col."    I^onaparfe,) 

Hah.  Obili !  (Mtu.  BrtLrtllre). 


Dr.  Bl 


iting  it  t 


2.  Tinunvs  robuttu. 

Timunus  m^orP,  Moore  (ncc  Gm-),  P.  Z.  S.  1659,  p.  fI3  (Omoa); 
Selal.  ibid,  (probablj'  different  from  fnajor) ;  Sclat.  8(  Salv.  Hit, 
1869,  p.  226  (Belize  and  Omoa) ;  Sain,  lint,  1866,  p.  204  (=ro- 
buatuaj. 

Tinfimus  robuatus,  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  2-J3  (Mexico ;  deacr.  nalla); 
S.  Owt»,  Ibis,  1801,  p.  ofJ;  Salr.  Ibig,  1801,  p.  366  (YmbalJ; 
Parker,  P.  Z.  S.  1862,  pp.  2fi7,  2o9,  1863,  p.  617  (sacral  Tertebrw) ; 
Salv.  Ibis,  1866,  p.  195  ;  Parktr,  Tr.  Zoot.  Soc.  y.  pp.  205  et  leq. 
(1866);  G.  R.  Gr.  List  of  GaUintF  Brit.  Mw.  p.  97  (Mexico) 
(1867) ;  MuxUy,  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  425  (cut  of  the  under  view  of 
the  ekuU) ;  Seiat.  ^  Saiv.  Eiot.  Om.  p.  87  (part.),  pi.  iliv.  (1868) 
(descr.  nrinceps)  ;  Sumicbrast,  Mem.  Boit.  Soc.  if.  H.  i.  p.  560 
(1869);  G.  R.  Gr.  Ilmd-iiU,  iii,  p.  3,  no.  9861  (part.)  (1871): 
8ak.  ^  Sclat.  Xoni.  Av.  Neotnp.  p.  152,  d.  4  (part.)  (1873); 
Soriu,  P.  Z.  S.  1875,  p^  361  (egg) ;  Gieb.  Tha.  Om.  iii.  p.  637 
(1877);  Schieff.  Mut.P.-S.,TiB'ami,  p.  11  (part.)  (1880);  Sumi- 
cbrast.  La  NatwraLna,  v.  p.  229  (1881)  (State  of  Ver»  Oui) ;  PeU. 
H.  Lor.  Am.  natitrh.  Hofmiis.  iii.  p.  51  (1888). 

TrachypelmuH  robiutus,  6eine  u.  Bcfmtc.  Nom.  Mut.  JSein.  Om. 
p.  afl  (Playa  Vicente)  (1890). 

Adult  Above  olive-brown,  irregularly  barred  with  blaok ;  upper 
part  of  the  head  black,  occiput  with  some  rufous-brown  markings, 
which  on  the  napo  become  rufesc«nt  narrow  ban ;  sides  of  the  head 
varied  with  blade  and  rufescent ;  throat  white ;  lower  parts  pale 
olive-grey,  darker  on  the  breast  and  sides,  and  more  or  loss  waved 
witfa  narrow  dark  lines;  flanks  with  broader  brown  irregular  bitrs  ; 
lower  abdomen  in  some  specimens  more  or  less  nifeitcent ;  under 
tail-coverts  buff,  each  feather  more  or  less  varied  with  olive  on  the 
edges  of  both  webs  ;  upper  wing-coverts  like  the  back,  secondaries 
uenally  browner ;  primaries  and  bastard-wing  uniform  { 
brown  ;    under  wing-coverts   greyisli  brown,  the  1 


1.   TI5*«OT.  "01 

Similar  to  T.  r<A)n»i\u,  but  browner  on  the  upper  parts,  more 
olive  on  the  breast,  more  reddish  on  the  abdomen,  stid  principally 
differing  in  the  much  darker,  nearly  black  primaries,  primary-coverts, 
and  baatard-wing. 

Hab.  Central  America :  Nicaragua,  C'oata  Rica,  and  Veragna. 

I),  cf  ad.  Kacondido  Hiver.  Nicaragua.    Salviu-Godman  Coll.  I    Ty))ea 
■k.      ■         iiov.{C.  W.  Rifhiiwnd).  \    of  the 

A.  £  ad.  San  Rafael,   Nicaragua,   Feb.     Salvin-Godman  Coll.|  apeciiii. 
«k.  (  W.  B.  Richardfm). 

«.  2  ad.  Ywsgna.  {Arci).  Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

sk, 

4.  Tinamiu  solitariui.    (Plate  Til.) 

Mocoicogog,  Axar.  Apunt,  I  p.  67,  B.  3S2  (1805) ;  id.  Voy.  {Sonit. 
ed.]iT.  p.  154  (18U9;. 

TinainuB  tao,  part..  Ttmm.  Pig.  rf  Galtm.  iii.  pp.  569, 572, 749  (1815) ; 
Z*M.  TV.  cCOm.  p.  511  (1831);  O.  R.  Or.  Oen,  B.  iii.  p,  524, 
n.  1  (1844) ;  Hwti  I«d.  Azar.  Apunt.  p.  21,  n.  339  (1847) ;  G. 
R.  Or.  Gen.  B.  Append,  p.  25  (1849);  Bp.  Compt.  Rend.  xlii. 
p.  881,  n.  8U  (part.)  (1856),  xliii.  p.  572  (1856) ;  id.  Tabl.  Parali. 
Gallin.  p.  12,  n.  313  (part.)  (185(1) ;  O.  R.  Gr.  Hand-litt,  iii.  p.  i>, 
n.  M867  (1871) ;  Girh.  T/iet.  Om.  iii.  p.  6.-J8  (part.)  (1877). 

Cryptura  aolitaria,  Vieill.  N.  D.  iixiv.  p.  105  (1819)  {ex  Azara). 

Tinamus  aolitariuB,  Vieill.  Em.  ;Vf«A.  i.  p.  373,  n.  II  (1820);  PtU. 
Om.  Brat.  pp.  290,  4Ii3,  ]v  (Rio  Janeiro,  Mattodentro,  Ypanema, 
Vlarar(i)  (18(1) ;  Sc^at.  *  Salv.  Norn.  Av.  Neotrop.  p.  152.  d.  1 
(Paraguay  aud  Brazil  1  (lB73) ;  Serl.  J.f.  O.  1874,  p.  2iil  (SanU 
Calhttrina) ;  Sorbi/,  P.  Z.  S.  1875,  p.  361  (egg) ;  SehlM.  Mu4 
P.-B.,Tinami,  p.  10(1880);  ? Sdal.  Lttl  I'M. -in.  8th  ed.  p.  545 
(1883)  (Zool.  Oard.) ;  Berl.  u.  JAer.  Zfittchr.  get.  Om.  1885, 
p.  182  (Taquara  do  Mundo  novo) ;  Berl.  J.f.  O.  1887,  p.  136, 
n.  349 ;  Sclat.  Ihit,  1890,  p.  82  (quintocubital). 

(JiypturuB  tao,  Licht.  (nee  Temtn.)  Vert.  DouU.  p.  87,  n.  701  (San 
Paulo)  (1823);  TTai/l.  &/U.  -1  p.,  ym.  Crypturua,  sp.  1  (1827);  id. 
ItU,  1829,  p.  745. 

Peiut  gerratus,  Spir,  Ae.  Bra*,  ii.  p.  61,  t.  76  (Rio  Negro)  (1826)'. 

Crypturns  aerratu^,  part.,  Wagl.  lii/tt.  AB.,gnt.  Oryplurua,  sp.  3 
(1827);  id.  Im,  1829,  p.  748:  S^.  Cto«.  B.  ii.  p.  545  (1837). 

Tinamiis  biaailieueia,  Wird  {nee  Lalh.)  Reite  navA  Bra».  i.  pp.  S66, 
262(1820},  ii.  pp.  124,135(1821);  r«nm.  K  Coi„ff«i«TinBmou, 
ap.  e  (part.)  (1826) ;  Wied,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Brat.  iv.  p.  496,  t.  i. 
f.  2  (larjnx)  (1832)  ;  Lea.  Compl.  de  Buff.  2nd  ed  Oit.  p.  238 
(parL)  (1838) ;  Suler,  J.  f.  O.  1807,  pp.  100,  196.  198. 

Tinamua  major,  Rdml).  Sifn.  At.,  Gidilnacea,  t.  284,  f.  ir,58  (1848) 
(or  Spix) ;  ?  Retrthardt,  Vid.  Medd.  naturh.  Fortn.  KjobenAavn, 
1870,  p.  50  (Minas  Oeroea). 

Tracbypelmus  tao.  CaS,  (ntv  TVmm.)  in  Stiomli.  Rfiee  Brit.  Gvian, 
iii.  p.  746  (1848} ;  Lirhl.  Norn.  Av.  p,  87  (1854);  Burm.  Sy»t. 
Urben.  Tk.  Brat.  iii.  p.  «34  (1866). 

Tinamua  guttulatus,  G.  R.  Gr.  List  Galling  B.  M.  p.  d  (Bnwil) 
(1867)  (imiaat.)  ;  id.  Hand-Sit,  iii.  p.  3,  n.  9860  (1871) ;  Prlt. 
Qr».  Brat.  p.  292  (note),  pp.  463,  Iv  (1871 ) ;  GUb.  That.  Om.  iii. 
p.  836  (1875). 

■  Spii'*  p]at«  *gren  exactly  with  ffio  Farani  and  Rio  de  Janeiro  qieciiDen*. 


fi02 

Adult  maU.  Similar  to  T.  robutlut  but  lai^er,  with  the  barriDgs 
on  the  tipper  parts  more  r^utar  and  broader  ;  upper  part  of  head 
and  nape  olive-brown ;  on  the  sides  of  occiput  and  nape  two  diatinot 
light  buff  longitudinal  bands ;  aides  of  head  Taripd  with  oUtb- 
brown  and  brown-black  :  throat  white,  broadly  siirronnded  below 
with  mfescent ;  lower  neck  and  breast  greyish  oliTe ;  flanks 
rnfeacent,  barred  with  brown ;  middle  of  the  abdomen  greyish 
oUve ;  under  tail-coverts  bnff,  varied  with  oliTe-brown  on  the 
edges  ;  wings  like  the  back,  but  browner,  especially  the  secondaries, 
which  have  a  rufeecent  tinge  ^  primaries,  primary-coverts,  and 
baetard-wing  uniform  slaty  black ;  under  wing-coverts  blackish, 
edged  with  olive-brown,  the  last  row  uniform  slate-grey ;  tail  olive- 
hrown,  irregularly  freckled  with  black  and  with  some  rufesoent- 
brown  markings :  "  iris  reddish  brown  ;  feet  light  plumbeous ;  bill 
bluish  black"  (lyAtara).  Total  length  about  20  inches,  wing  10-50, 
tail  4-50,  culmen  1-42,  tarsus  2-9. 

Female.  Similar  to  the  male. 

Immature  birdg  have  the  upper  parts  more  or  less  dotted  with 
whitish  small  spots, 

Ymmg  m  down.  Upper  part  of  the  head  anteriorly  pale  hrown- 
buff,  posteriorly  golden  buff-chestnut ;  across  the  top  of  the  head 
a  chestnut  band,  connected  with  a  chestnut  band  on  both  sides  of 
the  occiput;  sides  of  the  head  pale  hrown-buff;  a  line  through 
the  lores,  another  from  the  base  of  the  lower  mandible  joined  to  a 
patch  on  the  auricular  r^os,  nape  and  sides  of  the  neck  deep 
chestnut ;  two  snow-white  patches  on  the  sides  of  the  nape ;  inter- 
scapular region  greyish  buj,  with  obsolete  cross  dusky  haia,  the 
hairy  tips  of  the  feathers  chestnut ;  scapulars  chestnut ;  lower  back 
and  rump  pale  greyish  buff-brown,  with  the  bidden  part  of  llio 
feathers  bnff ;  throat  white,  but  the  tips  of  the  feathers,  especially 


I 


1.  tisxuvs.  90S 

Magoua,  Buff:  Hint.  Nat.  Oii.  jr.  p.  507,  pi.  24  (ir'S). 

tiwat  Tinsmou,  Lath.  ^.  u.  2,  p.  724,  n.  1  (1783). 

Tetrao  major,  Gm.  S.  A'.  L  2,  p.  T67,  n.  63  (1788). 

TinamuB  brasilieDsiB,  Lath.  Ind.  Orti.  ii.  p.  USS,  n.  I  (1790) ;  Ttmm. 
Pig.  et  GalUn.  m.  pp.  662,  748  (1815) ;  Stfph.  Oen.  Zool.  xi.  9, 
p.  406  (1810);  Temm.  Fl.  Col.,  genre  TinninDU,  «p.  6  (part.) 
(1826);  i«».  .Won.<rOrB,ii.  p.  206(part.)(1828);  id.  TAiOm. 
p.  512  (18.'tl>j  1^.  Cmtpl.  (le  Buf.  -iaA  t^.  Ot't.  p.  238  (183»)  ; 
Trtiim.  K  Col.  i.  Tabl.  .With.  p.  87  (183W);  JVt.  Om.  £™*. 
pp.  2111,  453,  k  (AlatogroMo,  Ouapord,  Cochodis  da  Bannneira, 
iWbfi,  Rio  Nugro.  MnmbitAtiiu,  Bum  do  Rio  Negro)  (1671); 
ill.  Ibis,  187S,  p.  37. 

f  Tinnmus  bniBiliaiia,  Bonn.  £ne.  Mith.  \.  p.  224,  n.  1,  pi.  89.  f.  3 

(I7ai). 

Crypturua  major,  Ilhg.  Prodr.  Mamm.  rt  Av.  p.  24fi  (1811). 

Crjptura  mugoua,  Fi>-iU.  X.  D.  sniiv.  p.  104  \\^\Q). 

Crypturus  serrMtus,   Wngl.  Sytt,  Ai>.,  'jm.  CiyptutuB,  sp.  2  (part.) 

(1827). 
TiDBinuHuiajor,  (;.A.Gr.Cen.£.iu.p.  624,n.  3  (1844);  Bp.Compt. 

Send.  ilii.  p.  881,  n.  312  (1856),  iliii.  p.  573  (note)  (l&W) ;  Sah. 

Ibit,  1861,  p.  356  (e?g) ;   O.  R.  Gr.  Lut  GalUna  Brit.  Mui.  u.  96 

(•yn..  but  not   Bpewm,  a)  (1867) :  id.  Ban4-li*t,  iil.  p.  3,  d.  8868 

(1871) :  Selat.  ^  Sale.  NmnoKl.  Ad.  Nmtrop.  p.  152,  n.  5  (1873)  ; 

S<:hkg.  Mua.  P.-B.,  Tinaiui.  p.  13  (part.)  (1880) :  Trietr.  Cat.  OoU. 

B.p.2(1880);  U.irtfrt,  Kat.  FoyrfMinm/.  p.206.n.  3092  (1891). 
Crypturus  bmsilienaiR,  Thieium.  FoHgfiant.  p.  23,  t.  v.  f.  2(1846). 
Trachypelmiu  mnjor,  Cnb.  in  Sckomb.  Rrii.  in  Brit.  Onion,  iii.  p.  749 

(1848) :  LieAt.  Nom.  A  b.  p.  87  ( 1854) ;  F  Heint  u.  Rchimj.  Norn. 

Mm*,  Bein.  Om.  v.  303  (BrazU)  (1890). 
Traehrpelmus  brasilieneis,   Burm.  j%«f,    Ueb.   iii.  p.   325   (1850); 

Naiku*.  Zeil*chr.  wmeatth.  Zool.  xii.  pp.  352, 354,  t.  xxvi.  S.  17, 

18  (em  BtTUcture)  (18"1) ;  id.  J.  /.  O.  1879,  p.  258;  MangtU- 

Aotf,  MB.  detilMh,   frr.  &Aufa,  1890,  pp.  165-164,  pi.  il 
Tinamus  subcristAtus,  Pels  (nee  Osb.)  Om.  Brat.  p.  291,  not«  3  (Sun 

Joaquim  and  Barra  do  Rio  NejiTo)  (1871). 
Tioamus  cristatellU!!,  iVu/f.  Cat.  MS.,  tote  Prliein,  I.  e. 

This  Bpecies  is  to  be  recognized  by  the  bright  rufoas-oinnBmon 
oolonr  of  the  upper  part  of  the  head,  tingwl  with  greyish  oa  the 
forehead  of  the  male,  combined  with  the  very  light,  mostly  whit« 
nnderparts. 

AdfltU  malt.  Upper  parta  olive,  with  irregular  black  bac-like 
marks  ;  upper  purt  of  the  hvad  and  occipital  crest  rufoiu  ci 
forehead,  lorua,  and  fealhers  behind  the  eye*  greyish ;  e 
chestnut-brown ;  sides  of  the  bead  and  neek  rufescent,  the  sides  of 
the  head  und  nnpe  with  narrow  dusky  bars,  tlie  sidea  of  the  neck 
with  dusky  fitn)H.'a  along  the  middle  of  the  fcnthent ;  throat  white, 
fore  neck  and  uppi-r  breast  dull  buff  with  undulated  cross  dusky 
lines ;  rerorLiiidcr  of  the  lower  parte  buffy  white,  nearly  uniform 
along  the  middle  of  the  breast  and  abdomen ;  sides,  tianks,  and 
tibial  feathers  with  irregular  dusky  bars;  under  tail-coverts 
rufescent,  with  irregular  olive  bars,  and  these  with  two  narrow 
irregular  bh-iuk  cro.'tH  lines,  oiju  anteriorly  and  the  other  posteriorly  ; 
upper  wing-ooverts    like   the    back ;    primaries  uniform  greyish ; 


SIM  Tisixiiij;. 

butard-wing,  primarj'-corcrts,  and  bccoudaries  olivc-rufoDs,  with 
irregnlar  black  bar-like  marks ;  under  wing-coverU  olive-bnlT, 
with  irregular  black  lines,  the  greater  ones  uniform  gre]'iBh  ;  tail 
olive-brown,  with  irregDlar  black  lines,  and  rufoos-bnff  marke  on 
tbe  outer  web  :  bill  dusky  above,  paler  (olive  ?)  below  ;  feet  m  the 
dry  sWn  pale  olive.  Total  length  abont  17  inches,  wing  9-4,  tail 
S-yS,  oulmea  1-25,  tarsus  2-56. 

Female.  Similar  to  the  male,  but  somewhat  larger,  and  whiter 
below  ;  upper  part  of  the  head  uniform  rufous  cinnamon  ;  no  greyish 
tinge  on  the  forehead  and  sides  of  the  heod,  which  arc  uniform  with 
the  pileum,  ouly  a  shade  lighter ;  oar-covert«  also  rufous  cinnamon  ; 
no  coDspicuons  occipital  crest ;  fore  neck  and  breast  nearly  nniform 
greyish  olivo ;  upper  parts  less  marked  with  black ;  secondaries 
browner.  Total  length  about  19  inches,  wiug  0-4,  culmeu  1-30. 
tarsus  2-50. 

Both  the  birds  described  belong  to  Natterer's  collection  and  are 
from  Kio  Negro :  they  have  been  attributed  by  Ton  Pelzcln  to  two 
different  birds,  the  male  to  T.  t^heristatus''  and  the  female  to 
T.  bratilientit ;  but  they  arc  so  muth  alike  that  1  cannot  believe 
that  they  are  specifically  different,  us  it  would  be  impossible  that 
two  such  allied  forms  should  be  found  in  tbe  same  region  ;  the 
difforenoes  appear  to  me  to  be  only  sesnal. 

I  am  not  quite  certain  as  to  the  proper  name  of  this  species,  the 
description  of  tho  old  authors  being  very  unsatisfactory  ■  for  ths 
present  I  hare  thongbt  it  best  to  retain  tJie  name  mq/or,  although 
it  was  applied  to  the  bird  &om  Cayeuue,  where  I  am  not  aware 
that  the  species  has  been  found  in  recent  times.  Marcgrave's  and 
Brisson's  descriptions  may  apply  to  T.  tolilaritu,  to  which  I  have  no 
douht  Pkv»  wrratKt,  Spix,  also  belongs. 

JJab.  Central  and  Kortbem  Braril. 


L 


1.  TLiAMtrs.  505 

p.  040,  n.  3110  (1832);  id.  Ibit,  1886,  p.  181  (British  Guiwia) ; 
n'.  L.  Sdat.  Ibu,  1887,  p.  317. 
Tinaiuus  major,  part.,    O.  S.  Gr.   List  GalHtue  Brit  Mh».  p.  06, 
8pecLin.li  118«7);  Gicb.Tha.  Orn.  i.  p.  036  (part.)  11877);  Scilfj/. 
Mm.  P.-B.,  Tinami,  pp.  13-17,  spBciin.  1,  6,  6  (1680), 
Tiniuniis   major  aubcrlstatus,   Sehley.   Mu».    P.-B.,   Tiaiuiii,   p.   15 
(1880). 
Advlt  7naU.  Forehead  and  above  the  eyes  greyish  black,  remainder 
of  the  upper  part  of  the  head,  with  the  occipital  pendent  orcst, 
chestnut ;  siden  of  the  head  anteriorly  and  the  ear-coverla  blackiab, 
poitt«riurly    aod    the    sidos  of  the  neck  varied  with  rufous  and 
iitaokish,  each  feather  harini;  the  centre  blaclui«h  and  the  edges 
rufous,  BO  that  those  parte  have  a  distinct  scaly  appearance  :  throat 
white ;  lower  neck  pale  olive-brown ;  back,  rump,  and  upper  t«il- 
coverts  olive-brown,  the  latter  with  aome  buff  edges  and  obsolete 
bars ;  wingH  olive,  but  the  Becondaries  rufous  olive-hrowu ;  pri- 
maries uniform  greyish  brown  ;  primary- coverts  and  baatard-wing 
greyish  brown,  with  a  slight  reddish-brown  tinge ;  under  wing- 
coverts  greyish  brown,  distinctly  edged  with  olive,  the  last  row 
pure  grey;  tail  olive  rnfous-hrowa ;  lower  parts  pale  olive-grey, 
finely  waved  along  the  middle  with  dusky  lines;  flanks  baff,  broadly 
and  irregularly  barred :  bill  in  dry  skin  brown  above,  pale  below  ; 
feet  olive.     Total  length  about   17  inches,  wing  9-25,  tail  3-25, 
uulmea  1'30,  tarsus  2'(J0, 

FenMilt.  Differs  from  the  male  in  having  the  upper  parts  or  back 
and  wings  more  or  less  with  black  transverse  markings  or 
barrings. 

Yoang.  More  reddish  than  the  adult ;  upper  parts  dotted  with 
pnler  rufous  spot«. 

A  young  in  down  frora  Takutu  (apparently  belon^ng  la  this 
B])ocies)  has  the  forehead  and  temporal  regions  mixed  with  greyish 
and  chestnut ;  a  loral  spot  and  an  ear-patch  chestnut ;  a  large  patch 
&om  the  crown  to  the  occiput  brown-chestnut ;  mantle  greyish 
brown,  with  the  hairy  tips  of  the  feathers  chestnut ;  lower  back  and 
rump  yellowish,  thickly  dotted  with  brown  ;  scapulars,  breast,  and 
sides  chestnut;  throat  and  abdomen  greyish;  sides  of  the  rump 
glossy  chestnut ;  wings  greyish  brown. 
Hub.  Uuiana. 

fl.  Ad.  sL  S.  America.  Gen.   T.    Ilardwicke 

[P,]. 
(r.  mwr,  Gr.,  speoim.  o.) 
b,  e.  Ad.  St.  &  sk.    Cayenne.  PurcbsHod. 

rf,  '■  6  9  '^-  *!'-      Camocusa,  Brit.  Giuana,  Feb.,     Salvin-Godmsji  Coll. 

Sept.  (ff.   IVhitefy). 
f.  5  sd.  sk.  BarticH  Grove,  Bnt.  Ouiana,     Salvin-Ciodman  Call. 

Sept.  (H.  Jraife^). 
«.  [f  juv.  sk.  Mprumfi  Mts.,   Brit   Guiana,     Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Jiilj  {H.  WhiUlv). 
h.  Pull.  sk.  T»kutu  It.,  Brit  Guiana  («.     Sal vin-Godmau  Cull. 


7.  Tis&niiu  l&tift'Oiu. 

Thb  species  has  a  pendent  occipital  crest  like  T.  gabaitiaiva,  from 
which  it  differs  in  having  the  slaty-black  coloor  on  the  forehead 
more  extended,  covering  entirely  the  anterior  half  of  the  crown,  the 
rufoae-cheBtnat  colour  of  the  occiput  nnd  crest  darker  and  confined 
t«  the  edges  of  the  feathers,  which  are  otherwise  blackish ;  the 
seoondaries  of  a  darker  brova  &cckled  with  black,  with  no  reddish 
tinge ;  the  apper  parte  olivc-hrown,  with  broader  black  harrings, 
and  the  lower  of  a  greyish  olive,  more  uniformly  covered  with 
irregnlar  and  broader  dusky  bare ;  under  tail-coverts  olive-brown, 
variegated  with  rufous-butf:  upper  maudiblo  dusky,  the  lower 
pale ;  feet  id  dry  skin  dark  olive.  Total  length  about  17  iaohes, 
wing  9-8,  tail  3-10,  eulmon  1-2,  tarsus  2-5. 

Tho  second  specimen,  mentioned  below,  apparently  immalurt,  has 
the  upper  parts  dott«d  with  rufons-hnff,  the  black  bar-like  marks 
on  the  upper  parte  broader,  and  the  wings  tinged  with  mfoas 

Hah.  West«m  Ecuador. 

-     8alvin-Godman  Coll. 
(Types  of  species.) 

6.  Tiammtu  Tuflcepa. 
IWmuB  peruvianus,  Jtfw.  Br\a: ;  Bp.  Compt.  Bend,  zliii.  p.  673 
(note)  (1866) :  O.  B.  Or.  Litt  GaiRna:  Bnl.  Mtu.  p.  101,  n.  SI 
(1807) ;  id.  Hand-lut,  iii.  p.  4,  n.  9879  (1871 ) ;  GiA.  Tht».  Om. 
iiL  p.  6S7  (1877) ;  Dubou,  Mim.  Soc.  Zool.  Fr.  1894,  p.  404 
( =riificepf>,  /klat.  &■  Salt'.)  *. 

ruficeps,   ScJat.  Sf  Salv.  A'otn.  An.  Neotrop.  pp.  163,  162, 
— •    Ecuador)  ( 1S73) ;  Girit.  T)ifs.  Om.  ill.  p.  037  (1877) ; 


I.  1 


507 


iiiit,  with  nurrow  black  barrings  ;  eidee  of  the  head  and  two  gbsolete 
bands  un  the  aides  of  the  na{io  piilo  rufeeccnt,  with  brown  mottlings ; 
throat  white  ;  lowor  part  of  the  fore  neok,  breast  and  sides  grej-ish 
olive  ;  lower  breast  and  abdomen  whitish,  with  grey  zigzag  or 
irregular  transverse  lines ;  flanka  whitish  buif.  with  brown  bare ; 
under  tHJl-coverta  rufous  bulf  with  irregular  olive  bare,  which  are 
eurroundod  with  a  narrow  black  lino ;  primaries  uniform  greyish 
brown ;  primary-coverts  and  bastard-wing  feathere  freckled  with 
rufous  brown  on  the  outer  web  ;  under  wing-coverts  greyish  olive, 
with  some  small  blackish  markings,  the  inner  ones  paler,  the  last  row 
uniform  grey ;  tail  brown  freckled  with  black :  bill  in  dry  skin 
dusky  above,  pale  below  ;  feet  olive.  Total  length  about  ISincheti, 
wing  y,  tail  3'T5,  culmen  1'25,  tarsus  2-6. 

Female.  Similar  to  the  type. 

Ifab.  Ecuador,  Upper  Amazon,  Peru  (?),  and  Antioquia. 


.  Ad.  sk. 


Rio    Napo,     Ecuador    (jMr 

ferifayj'). 
Sara  vac  u,  Ecuador  (Sucklrff). 
Yquitos,      Upper      .Amiuonfl, 

Sept.  (H.  Uliitdifi. 
IlaniedioH,  Antdoquja,    March 

(7".  K.  flaliium). 


Salviji-Godman  Coll. 
(Tvpe  of  the  species.) 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salrin-Oodnian  OoU. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll, 


I 


9.  Tinanms  castaneiceps.    (Flate  VI.) 
Tlnamus  major,  Can.  (nee  Gm.)  Pr.  Ac.  Pkilad.  1860,  p.  195  (Tru- 

Tinamus  robustus,  Lawr.  {nee  Sciiit-),  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  vii.  p,  477 

(Panama)  (1862);  &Zat.  4- Si/u.  P.  2.  S.  1864,  p.  371  (Panama); 

Sale.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  159  (Santiago  de  Veragua) ;  Selal.  ^  Sah. 

Erot.  Om.  p.  W  (part.)   (1888);   Sain.   P.  Z.  S.   1870,  p.  218 

(Bugaba). 
Tinamus  ruliceps,   Sclat,  Sf  Sale.  Norn.  Av.   A'eofro;).  pp.  15S,  182, 

gp.  30  (]>nrt.,  Panama,  Chiriqni)  (1873) ;  Gieb.   net.  Om.  iiL 

p.  637  (part,)  (1877). 

Similar  to  T.  rvjkrjjt,  but  the  upper  part  of  the  bead  of  a  deeper 
chestnut ;  the  forehead,  at  least  in  the  moles,  slightly  tinged  with 
blackish;  the  ear-c-ovcrts  darker  than  the  pileum,  almost  black, 
while  in  T.  ntfii-tj-g  they  arc  of  ihe  same  rufous  tinge  as  the  pileum  ; 
the  flanks  are  of  a  much  darker  greyish-olive  colour. 

Hab.  Veragua  and  Panama. 


a,5.  cf  ?  ad.  ek.        Volcan  de  Cbiriqui  {Ard). 

e.  (f  ad.  sk.  Itut^'aba,  Chiri^ui  (Ard). 

d.  li  ad.  sk.  Liou  Hill  .Station,  i'auauiu 

{AtrLeannan). 


Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

{Types  of  species.) 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Gtidman  ColL 


10.  Tinamits  ^ttatns- 
CmituruB  guttatua,  i^att.  MS. ;  Thienem.  Furl[>fiata.  p.  24  (egg) 

(1845). 
tmmaiB  mtlatiu,  Natt.  Cat.  MS. ;  Pek.  Ferh.e.-i.Oet.  Wini,lSe3, 

p.  1136;  Xatt.  ibid.  p.  1128  (1863)  j  O.  Jt.  Gr.  List  GaUina  Brit, 

Mtu.  p.  101,   n.  33  (1867) ;    Pelz.   Om.  Brae.  pp.  292,  46-3,  It 

(Borba,  S.  Carloa,  Rio  Vaup*,  Cachoira  de  Panore,  I'arA)  (1871) ; 

O.  E.  Or.  Hand-Ua,  iii.   p.  4,  n.  9664   (1871)  i    Sdat.  k  Sale. 

P.Z.S.   1873,   p.  810   {ChamicuTOs ;   e™) ;   iid.   Nomencl.  Av. 

Neotrop.  p.  152,  «p.  7  (Amai.  super.) ;  Gub.  Thus.  Om.  iii.  p.  636 

(1877);  abA&p.  jlfiH.  P.-ff.,  Titiami,  p.  12  (1880) ;   Taa.Oni.Ftr. 

iii.  p.  296,  Tablet,  p.  106  (1886)  ;  Feh.  u.  Lor.  Ann.  natarh.  Hofitin*. 

iii.  p.  61  (tvpes)(1886);  Allen,  BuU.  Am.  Mut.  N.  H.  a.  p.  112 

(BoUvia)  (1889). 
Easily  distinguished  by  its  small  size,  and  by  the  wicgs  more  or 
lees  thickly  dotted  with  whitish  buff. 

Adult  male  (cotype  from  ParA).  Upper  parts  olive-brown,  back 
redder ;  lower  back,  mmp,  and  upper  part  of  the  wing  near  the  back 
with  irregular  broadieh  black  bands ;  wings  thickly  dotted  with 
white;  upper  part  of  the  head  blackish  brown,  more  greyish  on  the 
forehead  ;  sides  of  the  head  browoish  posteriorly,  wiih  the  middle 
part  of  the  neck,  all  round,  brown,  varied  with  mfons  spots,  and 
black  marks  on  the  edges  of  the  feathers ;  throat  white ;  lower 
part  of  the  fore  neck  and  sides  olive,  changing  into  reddish  or 
bufflsh  white  on  the  breast ;  middle  of  the  abdomen  white  ;  flanks 
boff,  with  irregular  duaky  ban ;  under  tail-corerts  (dive-brown, 
along  the  middle  rufous-ohestnut,  on  both  webe  varied  with  dusky 
marks ;  upper  tail'CovcrtB  with  narrow  irregnlar  whitish  bars  ^ 
the  tip  and  obsolete  blackish  transverse  lines ;  secondaries  olive- 
brown,  darker  than  the  upper  wing-coverts,  freckled  with  brown,  and 
marked  with  white  on  the  edge  of  the  outer  web-s ;  primaries  uniform 


2.  i 


fiOU 


Pari,  Nov.  {yalterer).  Salvin-Godmau  Coll. 

(Typical  specimen.) 

Sarajscu,  Ecuador  ( C.  Buckley).     Snlvin-Oodnian  OoU. 

(Uoacribed  by  Tacianowflki,  Oni.  V&r.  iii.  p.  296.) 

ChaniicuroA,  Peruvian  .\uiazona,    E.  Bartlett,  Esq.  [C.J. 

Feb.,  Dec. 
rBru(ii.  WkiU:Ui).  Salvin-Gud man  Coll. 

(Described  by  Taciunuwiiki,  1.  c.) 


2.  NOTHOCERCUS. 

Trpe. 

Nothocercus,  Bp.  Compt.  Rend.  ilii.  p.  957  (lti66)     N.  juliua. 


Kty  to  the  SpecUt. 

B.  Throiit  pure  white. 

a*.  Uppiir  part  and  sides  of  head  rtifDUfi  cbeatnut, 
posteriorly  brown  in  the  majority  of  speci- 
mena';  back  broadly  burred  with  black. . ,  .    Julius,  p.  SOE 
b'.  Upper  part   of  bead   entirely  black ;   back 

narrowly  vermiculated  wi  tb  black     nu/rioapiJiiu, 

i.  Throat  not  pure  white. 
t',  Thntat  bright  rufous. 

a".  Greater  or  last  row  of  the  under  wing- 
coverts  greyish,  barred  with  dull  nifoua .  bonaparM,  j 
b".  Ureater  or  last  row  ot  the  under  wiog- 
coverts  uuitorm  (irejish  brown,  with  no 
barrings;  primaries  not  distinctly  rufous 
on  the  inoer  weba,  hut  greyish  freckled 

with  irregular  rufous  narrow  bars frantxti,  p,  i 

d".  Throat  whitJ»h,  weahed  with  rufous ;  pri- 
ninries  greyish,  barred  with  rufous  on  the 
innerwebsi  gre^tiiror  last  row  of  the  under 
wing-coverta    greyish,    barred    with    dull 


1 ,  NothocercuB  jtUias. 

TinamuB  Julius,  Bp.  Cmnpt.  Bend,  \xxvii.  p.  663  (Columbia)  (1853) ; 
id.  mtn  Coll.  helattrf,  p.  93  (note)  (l&M);  Harll.  J.f.  O.  1854, 
p.  410  (New  Granada) ;  Selal.  P.  Z.  S.  1B.M,  p  163,  1858,  p.  70 
(Rio  NfgTo,  Ecuador) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  List  Gatlin/e  Brit.  Mui.  p.  98 
(1867) ;  Pelt.  Om.  Brat.  p.  292  (note)  (1871) ;  Gieb.  The,.  Om. 
iii.  p.  6.36  (1877) ;  ficklty.  Mia.  P.-B.,  Tinami,  p.  18  (1880). 

NothocercuB  jutius,  Bp.  Compt.  Rend.  ilii.  p.  8dl,  no.  331,  pp.  954, 
957  (18B«);  id.  Tuhl.  Parall.  GaUin.  (Extract),  p.  12,  n.  328 
(1850);  O.  R.  Gr.  Hmid-li/t,  iii.  p.  4,  n.  9883  (1871)  ;  Sfiat.  j 
Sale.  Nom.  Ac.  Xeufrap.  p.  152  (Columbia  &  .^-^quatoria)  (ISTO); 
Pftfc.i6i\1875,  p.:Wl  (Spanish  Guiana}  •;  Taa.^  Btrl.  P.Z.S. 

*  Herr  von  Pdzoln  myt  that  bj  8pBni«h  Quinna  is  probably  meant  the 
territory  belncen  the  Upper  Kio  Kcgru  and  Oriiioou.  ur  wljacent  parte  of 
New  OrHiuulB. 


188fi,  p.  112  (Ecuador) ;  Heme  u.  Hcknw.  Norn.  Mat.  Hem.  Orm. 
p.  804  (Bofcota)  (1890). 
Nothocerciu  bourcieri,  Bp.  Compt,  Bend.  xlii.  p.  681,  d.  330,  p.  964 

(=jiiliu8)  (1866). 

Adult.  Upper  part  of  the  head  anteriorly  rufoua  ohoatnut,  pos- 
teriorlf  brown,  finely  barred  vith  rofouB ;  aides  of  the  head  mfous 
brown  ;  throat  pure  nbite  ;  upper  parts  ohve-brown,  crossed  with 
black  bars ;  on  the  wings  and  romp  some  whitiah-buff  marks  near 
Uie  tip  of  the  feathers ;  lower  part  of  the  fore  neck  and  opper 
breast  olive-brown,  finely  vcnniculated  with  black  ;  sidee  and  flanks 
oliTe-brown,  barred  with  black  ;  middle  of  the  breast  bright  rufous ; 
middle  of  tiie  abdomen  also  rufous,  but  paler;  tinder  tail-coverto 
olive-brown,  with  irregular  crescentic  blai^  bars,  marked  with 
rufous  near  the  edges ;  primaries  greyish  brown ;  outer  web  of 
secondaries  olive-brown  near  the  edge,  varied  with  black  and  buff 
bar-like  spoto;  under  wing-coverts  greyish  brown,  tho  lost  row  lighter 
grey ;  tail  oa  the  apical  portion  olive,  with  irregular  crescentic 
black  bands:  upper  mandible  dark,  lower  mandible  pale ;  feet  olive- 
brown  (in  dry  skins).  Total  length  about  14  inches,  wing  8, 
culmen  1-20,  tarsna  2'60. 

A  fine  specimen  from  New  Qrauada  in  the  Uuseum  of  Genoa  has 
nearly  the  whole  head,  above  and  on  the  sides,  bright  ohestnat. 

Towng  in  down.  General  colour  chestnut ;  forehead  and  aides  of 
the  head  mfons  ;  occiput  blackish  ;  throat  white  (Monji,  Ecuador). 

A  young  bird  from  Sarayacu,  Ecuador,  apparently  belonging  to 
this  species :  forehead  and  upper  aides  of  the  head  buff ;  occiput 
brown ;  throat  white  ;  mantle,  aides,  and  breast  chestnut ;  middle 
of  the  back  greyish  brown  ;  flanks  bright  glossy  chestnut ;  middle 
of  the  abdomen  greyish ;  tail  and  upper  tail-coverts  cheetnut. 

Female.  Specimens  from  Ecuador,  according  to  Taczatioweki  aud 


k.  Ad.  ak. 

1.  PuU.  Bh. 

k.  PuU.  St. 


.   SOiaOCERCUS. 


Ecuador  ( Verreoux).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

MoDJi,  Ecuador  (C  Buckle;/).        Salvin-Godmnn  Coll. 
No  lociditj.  Old  Coll. 


2.  Nothocerciu  nigricapillas.    (Plate  VIII.) 
Tioftmiis  iiigrocapiUus,  G.  It.  Gr.  Litt  Gatlina  Brit.   Mat.  p.  9S 

(Chili  1)  (1867);  W.  HanJ-UH,  iii.  p.  4,  no.  0863  (1871);  Oieb. 

The$.  Om.  iii.  p.  B37  (1877). 
NotliocercuB  nigneapilliu,  Sclal.  ^  Sale.  Norn.  Av.  Ktotmp.  p.  152 

{«■  loco  ign.)  (1873). 

Type,  Upper  part  of  the  head  and  occiput  black  ;  throat  white  : 
upper  Burface  and  lower  netk  brownish  olive,  vermiculat«d  with 
tiUick ;  wings,  abdomen,  and  thighs  brownish  olive,  vermiculated 
with  black  and  varied  with  black  and  white  blotches  ;  lower  brenHt 
rufoaa  brown,  vermiculsted  with  black.  Total  length  about  12 
inobes,  wing  7'5,  culmen  I'l,  t-arwas  ;i'4. 

This  species  has  a  white  tliroat  like  N.juliut ;  the  upper  parta 
are  not  bo  broadly  banded  as  in  that  species,  resembling  in  this 
respect  the  new  species  from  Antioquia  described  further  on. 

i/ab.  Said  to  be  Chili,  which  is  extremely  doubtful. 


.\d.st. 


Chiii? 


Purchased. 

(Type  of  species.) 


3.  Nothocercns  bonapartei. 
Tiuamus  bonapartei,   O.    R.   Or.   List   Gallinie  Brit.   Mus.  p.  97 

(ArBffua,   Venezuela)   (1867);    id.    Saml-U»r,  iii.  p.   ,1,  n.   B802 

(1871)  ;  Gieb.  TAei.  Orn.  iii.  p.  635  (1877). 
Nothocerciw  bonnpartii,  Selat.  ^  Sah.  Num.  Av.  Neotrop.p.  162 

(pwl.,  Venezuela  and  Colombia)  (1873) ;  ?  Tact.  ^  Bai.  P.  Z.  S. 

1886,  p.  112  (Machaj,  Ecuador). 
Tinamus  nigrica^illus,"  ScA^.  (nee  0.  R.  Gr.)  Mm.  P.-B.,  Tinamj, 

p.  17  (part,,  Bogota)  (1880). 

Ti)pr.  "  Top  and  behind  the  head  slaty  black ;  mentum  pale 
rufouH ;  cheeks,  sides  and  lower  part  of  neck  rufous,  with  trans- 
verM  bands  of  black :  upper  surface  rufous  olivaceons,  with  ver- 
miculatioDB  and  blotches  of  black,  varied  with  spots  of  yellowish 
white,  especially  on  the  lower  part  of  back,  wings,  and  upper  tail- 
H^  coverts  ;  breast  rusty  colour,  with  some  black  undulatious ;  sides  of 

^h  abdomen,  thighs,  and  under  tail-coverta  rufous  olivaceous,  varied 

^M  with  black  and  rulous-while  blotches.     Length  10-fl  inches,  wing 

■  fl'7.  UrsuB  2-9."     {Oraij.) 

^P  In  Gray's  description  the  colour  of  the  (|utlls,  which  is  most 

^1  chjvrBotenstic  in  the  species  of  this  genus,  is  not  menlioncd  ;  but 

^1  Mr.  Sharpe,  who  at  ray  request  has  re-exaraiued  the  tyjie  after  my 

^1  departure  from  London,  writos  to  me  as  follows  :^"  The  inner  woba 
^1  of  the  primaries  are  greyish,  freckled  with  rufons  bars ;  they  are 
^1         aboat  the  same  colour  above  and  below  ;  the  greater  under  wing- 


612  TUfiHin.i!. 

coverts  are  duahy  brown  like  the  quill-llDing,  with  &  few  nifescent 
bare  towards  the  ends,  so  that  they  resemble  the  lining  of  the 
qnills ;  they  may  be  called  grey  with  mfous  bare,  bnt  I  shoold 
consider  the  oolour  greyish  brown ;  certainly  they  are  not  rufous 
with  grey  bars." 

In  the  Bogota  birds  the  primariea  have  the  outer  webs  barred 
with  rufons  and  brown,  while  thr  innrr  webi  are  rufous,  with  narrov 
undulated  greyith-firown  ban  ;  the  secondariee  outwardly  are  almost 
regularly  barntd  with  broader  brown  bars  and  narrower  rufous  ones, 
between  them  there  are  obsolete  narrow  blackish  bare ;  the  under 
wing-coverts  are  rufous  with  crescentic  greyish-brown  bars;  the 
greater  ones  or  last  row  have  pale  rufous  and  grey  bars. 

Home  specimens  are  thickly  dotted  with  reddish  white  on  the 
upper  parts  and  wings. 

In  the  Bogota  specimens  there  is  also  a  good  deal  oE  variation  in 
the  rufous  colour  of  the  underparts,  in  some  specimens  deep  chest- 
nut,  in  othera  clear  rufons. 

The  Bogota  birds  differ  from  the  type  in  having  ttie  inner  web  of 
the  primaries  di»li<netly  rafbut,  freckled  with  greyiah  bars,  and  the 
greater  under  wing-coverts  dusky  grey,  regularly  barred  with 
rufous  &om  the  base  and  not  only  at  the  tip.  Possibly  when  a 
larger  series  is  available  it  will  be  found  convenient  to  separate 
specifically  the  Bogota  birds  from  thoae  from  Venezuela.  Also  the 
birds  from  Ecuador,  which  by  Taczanowaki  and  Berlepech  are  said 
to  be  somewhat  different,  require  comparison. 

Young  (&om  the  interior  of  New  Uranada).  Similar  to  the  adult 
(specim.  d)  in  colouring,  bat  the  black  feathers  of  the  head  sprinkled 
with  white  dots  ;  throat  paler  reddish  white. 

ifab.  Venesuela,  and,  i£  the  same,  also  Bogota  and  £cuador. 


Valley  of  Afngiia,  VeneitaelH.       Dyann  Coll- 


2.    NOTHOCEBCDS.  513 

and  more  greyish  brown  :  under  eurfaco  of  the  qnilla  leas  nifona, 
being  greyish,  freckled  with  pale  rufoua  bars,  not  rufous  freckled 
with  grey  bars  ;  under  iving-coverta  iilso  more  greyish,  barred  with 
rufouB,  the  last  row  or  greater  under  wtn^-coverlt  uniform  grey  with 
no  barrings  whatever;  "upper  mandible  black,  the  lower  dusky 
yellowish ;  tarsi  and  toes  fleshy  dark  brown "  {Praiitzitu,  jidf 
Latvrenee).  Total  length  15  inches,  wing  S-S-Olo,  tail  2-50, 
culmen  2-20-2-25.  tarsus  2-70. 
Hah.  Costa  Rica, 


a.  Ad.  sk. 

Panama. 

Sulvin-Godnian  Coll. 

6.  Ad.  sk. 

Irazu,  UoBta  Ilica  (/f.  Rwjen). 

tfalvin-Oodraan  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  sk. 

CoaM  Rica  (D.  G.  Elliot). 

Salvin-aadman  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  sk. 

Coeta  Rica. 

^urch!i*Dd. 

L 


5.  Hothocercua  intercedens. 

NothocercuB  bonapartii,  A'elat.  ^  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  548  (Con- 
cordia, Fronttno  in  AnCioi^uia). 

PTinarauB  niffricapiiliis.  part.,  SchUy.  (nee  O.  E.  Gr.)  Miu.  P.-B., 
■nnami,  p-  je,  specim.  '2  (Medellin)  (1880;. 

Advit  male.  Upper  part  aud  sides  of  the  head  with  the  ocdput 
black ;  throat  whitish,  washed  with  rufescent ;  lower  neck  and 
upper  parts  rulbua  brown,  waved  with  black  lines ;  breast  and 
abdomen  rufescent  ochreous  brown,  almost  uniform  along  the 
c«iitral  part,  but  the  upper  part  of  the  breast  distinctly  waved  with 
black  lines  ;  aides  and  flanks  olive-brown,  waved  with  black  linos ; 
centre  of  the  lower  abdomen  lighter,  with  narrow  blackish  bars  and 
whitish  dots ;  tbigbs  oUvc-brown,  barred  with  black ;  under  tail- 
coverts  olive-brown  waved  with  black  ;  upper  wing-coverts  like  the 
back,  but  the  greater  ones  with  some  whitish  dots ;  (Quills,  in  the 
closed  wings,  olive-brown  with  irregidar  black  bars  and  others 
rafeaccnt;  primariw  with  rufous  and  blackish  irregular  bars  on 
the  outer  web,  on  the  inner  web  more  rufescent  grej-,  freckled  or 
irr^ularly  barred  with  blackish ;  under  aspect  of  the  quills  barred 
with  greyish  brown  and  dull  reddish ;  under  wing-coverts  barred 
with  greyish  brown  and  rufescent,  the  greater  or  last  row  much 
lighter,  with  greyish  and  dull  or  pale  rufescent  bars ;  tail  waved  with 
olive-brown  and  blackish  :  "  iris  dark*'  (Salmmt)  :  upper  mandible 
dusky,  lower  mandible  pale ;  feet  olive-brown  in  the  dry  skin. 
Total  length  about  16  inches,  wing  8-75,  tail  2-60,  culmon  1-25, 
tarsus  1-70. 

Another  specimen,  also  marked  maU,  differs  in  having  the  lower 
back  and  upper  tail-coverts  conspicuously  spotted  with  white ;  the 
wings  with  many  more  whitish  or  buff  spots,  the  rufous  bars  on  the 
quills  broader;  the  abdomen  and  thighs  are  also  conspicuously 
spotted  with  white ;  the  barrings  on  the  under  surface  of  the  quills 
are  broader. 

This  species  is  easily  distinguished  from  N.  bonapartd  and  If. 
frantzii  by  the  whitish  throat,  only  washed  with  rufescent ;  besides 

Toi„  xxvn.  2  L 


£14  Turuiii>.s. 

it  liBB  the  ned  darker  &aa  both  the  other  epedea ;  on  the  upper 
parts  it  is  more  like  N.franixii,  and  in  the  greater  or  last  row  of 
lower  under  wing-ooverts  being  barred  it  resembles  S.  honapartn — 
in  fact  is  intermediate  betweon  the  two. 
Hab.  Antioqnia,  XT.S.  of  Colombia. 

a,  (^  ad.  ak.          Frotitino,   11.3.    of  Colombia      Salvin-Oodman  CoU. 

{7".  A',  atdmon).  (Type  of  species.) 

i,c  <;  ad.  sk.      Concordia,  U.S.  of  Colombia      SalTin-Oodman  GolL 

(T.  K.Salmon}. 


■A.  CEYPTDETTS.  „,_ 

Type. 
Gi7ptuiu8,  lUig.  Prodr.  Mamm.  et  Ao.  p.  244  (1611)  . .     C.  cinerens. 

Rantje.    From  Northern  Mexico  to  Pern  and  the   Argentine 
Bepablio. 

Ket/  to  the  Speatt  *. 
I.  Upper  parts  not  barred,  ndther  distinctly 
Tcrmiculated,  but  nearly  uniform,  both  in 
males  and  females  adult 

a.  General    colour    neatly   uniform   greyiah 

brown;  only  the  upper  part  of  the  head 

and  nape  rufous  brown  tin^rettt,  p.  617. 

b.  Head    greyish    brown  or  even    btat^h 

above,  not  uniform  with  the  body,  which 
ta  more  or  less  rufous  brown. 
a'.  Breast  more  or  less  rufous  chestnut 
a''.  Tliroat  grey, 
a'".  Hind  neck  rufous  chestnut  like 
the  back. 

.  l]reBft,nbdomeu,andbackiiesrly 
uniform  br"  '■-'■-    >    -  - 


3.   C&YPTUBUB.  Sli 

b'".  Hind   neck   ftfeyiah  brown,  not 
chestnut  like  tbe  back. 
cr*.  Back  rufous  brown :  larger,  tar- 

Hiis  1-9  inch oftfoJUtM,  p,  610. 

rf*.  Bock  ADd  winjTB  olive-brown : 

smaller,  taraua  1-6    cere  niivn^riJ,  p.  620. 

b".  ThroHt  whitish,  sometimes  wnshed 
with  rufous  or  gray,  but  never  de- 
cidedly rufous  or  grey;  eizeimallat, 
wing  5-4  inches ;  ffeoeral  colour  veiy 
vsrtablH,  bright  ruiroU8,rufous-bR)wn, 
olivB-brown,  or  even  olive,  but  lower 
prtrts  clearer  nlong  tbe  middle, 
bright    rufous     or   pole    ocbreous 

fulvous pileaUu,  p.  522. 

('.  Breast  greyish,  witli  no  rufoos  tinge ; 
back  and  wings  chestnut ;  bead  grey. 

e".  Larger :  culmen  0  90-0-95 tataum,  p,  526. 

rf".  Smaller :  culmen  O0o-0-70 pareu-ottri»,  p.  628. 

n.  Upper  pM-b,  especially  the  upper  wing- 
coverts,  mora  or  lean  diatiiictly  vermicu- 
lated,  or,  if  barred,  with  indistinct  very  pale 

c.  Black   vermiculfttioua  nearly   confined    [« 

the  upper  wiog-coverts  and  outer  web 
of  secondaries ;  bock  nearly  uniform ; 
upper  part  of  head  and  nape  sliity  black ; 
tliroBt  dark  ashy houmrdi  J,  p.  544. 

d.  Dusky   vermiculatioDS    confined    to    tbe 

upper  wiog-coverts  and   changing  into 
black  and  rufescent  or  rufous-grey  ban 
on  the  back. 
e*.  UppOT  part  of  the  head  entirely  block ;  . 

tne  pmnaries  very  dark  greyirfj  brown,  ' 

nearly  black unrlulatw,  p,  627. 

rf".  Upper  part  of  ihe  head  blackish  brown 
anteriorly;  primaries  pale  greyiah 
hrown    Kolopax  J ,  p.  528. 

un  pm  au  TJolatre  surlout  lur  \ea  cdUa.  lea  plume*  de  la  region  jugulaire  ver- 
miraUca  dans  leur  partie  terminale  do  plus  loncj  d'une  maniire  bhcz  distincte  ; 
poitrin*  blanche  sur  le  oiitieu  el  arise  lar  les  odt^  ;  abdomon  iubelle,Bveo  dM 
raie*  brunes  neu  nombreuns  sur  1m  n/Aia  du  bas-rentre ;  sona-oaudalca  rouMea 
ft  la  base,  iaabelle  i  roilr^niit^,  i  diique  noir  et  une  rais  Inmsvemle  fecIonii6e. 
Ails*  bruD  erisAlru,  a  tectricn  grantlfs,  mddianes  et  petttes  (oimDes  bordies  a 
rcntnfniil^  de  blanobiltre,  ces  boraures  prAc^fea  d'une  raie  ou  tache  brune ;  Ics 
r6migB>  woocdaira  bard^  ii  I'eiUrieur  d'une  lirie  de  lacbee  fauTsa  irrceu- 
liires  et  lermin^  d'uno  pareille  bordure  sur  la  barbe  exieme;  nus-alnirea 
bUnchAtroa  au  milieu  de  I'aile  et  bninn  le  long  du  botd;  iMgrandei  tectrioea  et 
la  page  inf£rieure  dea  rfimign  d'un  condri  pcrl^  olair.  Becttioes  oendrfea  jt  U 
baae.  de  la  oouleur  du  dos  k  TeitremiU.  van£ei  aux  bordi  de  quelques  taebea 
huvwt  lUohoi  re  brune.  aiindibulejauDfttrepAle:  pattea  rouna.  LoD|;ueurde 
I'aile  162.  queue  43,  beo  37,  tarsus  4G,  doigt  median  avec  I'on^  35  millimetres." 
( r(un»»"K) 

Bah.  Leobugal.  Peru. 

The  type  of  this  ^eciB«  coUeotad  by  Jelati,  belongs  to  tbe  Boimondi 
twUection,  in  the  Lima  Museum, 

This  apeciei  seemi  allied  bo  C.  itrigaioaia  and  C.  aythropui. 


!.  Diukv     Termicul&tioDB     all     over     the 

buk. 

i.  Bieaat  whitish  or  grejish,  with  do  di»- 

tjnct  rufous  tinge ;  thioat  whitish  or 

whitiab  grej. 

«".  Neck     difltiDctlj     nifeecent,    with 

brown  ban,  yetj  consjucuous  also 

in  front toalopax  J,  p.  528. 

/".  Neck  notdi8tiiictlyTufeBceiit,neither 

distiiictlf  barred. 

r"'.  nanks  mfesceot,   more    or    less 

distinctly  barred  with  brown. 

e*.  Flanks,  if  barred,   with   a   few 

brown  bars ;  rump  and  upper 

tail-coverts  greyiah   olive   like 

the  beck  and  similarly  freckled 

with  duskv  lines ad^ernu,  p.  S39 

f*.  Flanks  with  narrow  dusky  bars ; 
nunp  and  upper  tful-coverts 
greyish  rufous  brown,  with 
nearly   legular    narrow  black 

bars  orviJmtalu  d ,  p.  646. 

ef".  Flanks  with  no  distinct  rufous 

tinpe. 

ff*.  Sides  of  the  head  greyish,  also 

the  upper  tsil-coverts  greyish 

or  olive-grey,  different  irom  the 

olive-brown  back einplea;  p.  S31, 

h'.  Sides  of  the  head  dark  brown ; 
KppBt  teil-coverte  olive-brown, 
nearly     tmiform     with     the 

back baUmi,  p.  531. 

/'.  Bteaat  rufous. 

If".  Throat  rufous;  breast  bright  rufous, 
«"'■  Hind  neck  toown-black ;    post- 


'ieijatut,  p.  535. 


i«,  p.  541. 


i.  Neck  &11  rounclbrif^lit  rufous  chestnut. 

i'.  Upper  part  af  the  bend  bUck. 

jr"'.  Feathers  of  the  bacic  ftnd  rump 

anrt     upper     wing^overtu     with 

more  than  one  rufoua  bar,  and  with 

the  black  tipa  rather  narrow 

A'".  Fenthers  of  the  back  and  rump 
and  upper  wing-eovert8  with  only 
one  rufous  bar,  and  the  black  lipa 

rstlier  broad talvini,  p.  537. 

ft".  Upper  part  of  the  head   rusty  red 

{Vim  Petseln)   hreeiroUria,  p.  638. 

k'.  Neck   all   round    not   eatirely    rufous 
cheetDut. 
t'.  Nape  brown,  with  no  rufoufl  tinge  ; 

breuat  pule  ochreotu    bartlrth,  p.  -538. 

1^^  m".  Nape  rufous,  with  a  vinous  tiag«. 

^^L  t".  Lower  fore  neck  and  upper  breast 

^^1  I*.  A  broad  superciliary  stripe  ru- 

^^1  fescent 

^^B  k*.  No  diatinct  auperdliarv  fltripe . . 

^^M  A"'.  Lower  fore  neck  and  breast  ru- 

^^M  feaceut;  seldom  a  grey  tiuge  on 

^^M  the  fonner. 

^^M  f.  Tarsus  longer,  3'06  inches;  tail 

^^m  regularl;  barred  bctou  

^H  m'.  Taraua    shorter,    1'8-1'9 1    l«il 

^^1  barred  onlj  on  the  inner  web 

^^M  of  the  featliera tiu.rteaniu  $ ,  p.  545. 

^^M  n".  Nape  brown  ;  lower  neck  and  breast 

^^M  dark  grey bovcardi  $ ,  p.  544. 

^H  o".  Nape    Tufoos    brown  ;     lower    fore 

^H  neck    and    breast    greyish    brown, 

^H  washed  with  ochreous  olive eoburAianat,  p,  540. 

^K  J.  Lower  parts  whitish,  with   no  rufescent 

^U  tinge trem/atciatut,  p.  546. 

^1 

^B  Tet 

Li 


1.  Cryptnrus  cinereoB. 
Tinamou  eendrS,  Buff.  Ulst.  Xat.  OU.  iv.  p.  610  (CaTenne)  (1778). 
CSnereous  Tiniunou,  Lath.  Sun.  a.  •!,  p.  720,  n.  i  (1783). 
Tetrw  rinereus,  Gm.  8.  N.  i.  2,  p.  768,  n.  64  (1788). 
Tlnamus  dnereus,  Lath.  Ind.  Orit.  ii.  p.  fi33,  n.  2  (1790);  Temm. 
P^.  et  OoIUh.  iii.  pp.  674,  750  (1816) ;  Steph.  Oen.  Zaol.  li  2, 


PL  CoL  i.  Tali.  Mith.  p.  87  (1838) ;  G.  R.  Of.  Oen. 

(1844) ;  id.  Lid  B.  Brit.  Mia.  iii.  p.  S2  (1844) ; 

JfcAxA.  S^.  ^0., Gallinacew,  t.  286.  f.  16«4  (1848);  O.  R.  Gr. 

Lid  Oallma  Brit.  Mu».  p.  98  (Cayenne)  (1807);  PeU.  Om.  Bra*. 

pp.  292,  46;),  Iv  (1871) ;  Gieh.  Tht:  On.  iii.  p.  03fi  (1877). 

Tinamus  cinerea,  Buna.  Enc.  Mfth.  \.  p.  226,  n.  2  (1791). 


'^.. 


onereuB,  lUig.  Frodr.  Mamm,  et  Ac.  p.  245  (ISll); 
<W/.  Sutt.  Av.,  gen.  Cryptunia,  ap.  5  (1827);  id.  Itii,  1829, 
p.  746  (Surinam) ;  Tick.  Arch.  /.  Naturg.  1844,  i.  p.  307,  d.  27? 
(Peru);  trf.  J'ttUB.iVi-.,  ^tw,  p.46,  n.  4,  p.  283  (1846)  ;  Tlamrm. 
Fort^ma.  p.  23,  t.  v.  f,  3  (egg)  (184r)J  ;  Licht.  Norn.  Av.  p.  87 
(Branl)  (1864) ;  £«rm.  TB.  Brat.  iii.  p.  317  (ISSO) ;  Bp.  Q>mpt. 
Batd.  xlii.  p.  881,  n.  319  (1856) ;  id.  Tabl.  ParaU.  Vallin.  (£rtrwrf), 
p.  12,  n,  817  (1850) ;  G.  K.  Gr.  Hand-litt,  iii.  p.  4,  n.  98e9  (1871) ; 
Sdat.  j-  8ah.  P.  Z.  S.  1873,  p.  310  (Chamicuros  and  SanlA  Cruz) ; 
Hd.  Nomencl.  Av.  Keotrop.  p.  152  (Guima  et  Amaionia)  (1873) ; 
SeUeg.  Mu».  P.-B.,  Tinatm,  p.  20  (1880) ;  Taa.  On.  Per.  iii. 
p.  300,  Tablei,  p.  107  (1886)  ;  Heine  u.  Bchnw.  Norn.  Mus.  Hein. 
Om.  p.  303  (Surinam)  (1890). 


FS! 


•tura  cinerea,  VieUl.  N.  D.  xixiy.  p.  102  (1819). 


IB  Cttruleue,  "  LatJi.;'  Leu.  Man.  ii.  p.  206  (1828). 

f  Cryptunii  meffapodius,  Bp.  Compt.  Bend.  dii.  p.  OTA  (Cayenne?) 
(1856);  id.  T<ai.  Parafl.  GaUiu.  (£r/i-iiri),  p.  12,  n.  318,  p.  16 
(1856)  ;  G.  B.  Gr.  Hand-litt.,  iii.  p.  4,  u.  987u  (1871). 

Tinamiis  megapodiua,  G.  S.  Gr.  Hit  Gailiiia  Br.  Mu».  p.  101,  n.  28 


(1807)  ;  Oieb.  Thei.  Om.  iii.  p.  636  (1877 
Crjptiinu]  aMimilis,  MtM.  Timob.,  "  "  ' 
p.  20  (pfkle  vknetj)  (1860). 


[Crjptiinu]  aMimiliB,  Miu.  Vindob.,  fide  Schleg.  .Vu*.  P.-B.,  Timml, 


Adult.  Greyiah  brown,  nearly  nniform,  on)]-  the  nppcr  part  of  the 
head,  ear-covertB,  and  nape  tinged  with  rufoua  brown  ;  throat  grey- 
ish ;  shoftB  of  the  feathera  of  the  aides  of  the  head  and  throat  white ; 
nnder  tail-ooTerta  with  obsolete  duaky  and  rufous  hars :  "  bill  brown 
hom-colonr  (in  diy  akin  whitish  undumonth) ;  feet  yellowish  brown ; 
iridea  light  haael  "^  (  Whitely).  Total  length  1 2-5  inches,  wing  7-7-4, 
tail  2,  onlmen  1,  tarans  2-2-2. 

Female.  Somewhat  larger  than  the  male. 

Foutuj.  "  UjipiT  parts  dark  smoky  brown,  lower  parts  paler,  with 
the  feathers  slightly  edged  witli  fulvous ;    abdomen  with  a  few 


7-  9  nd.ak.         Santa   Cruz,  on   liie  Hualla^     SHlTin-Godmaa  Coll. 
Rirer,  E.   Peru,  Sept.    (i". 
BarUelt). 

2.  Cryptnras  obsoletiiB. 
iDambii  azuUdo,  Axar.  Apimt.  iii.  p.  5^,  a.  .t:]0  (IS05). 
nQamuB  obsolstuH,  Tfmm,  Pig.  H  GaiUn.  iii.  pp.  S8S,  751  (Braiil 

Kai  Faraguaj)  (18lr>) ;  HUph.  Oen.   Zoot.   xi.  %  p.  413  (1819); 

Ttmm.  PI.  CW,  196(1823);  Ste^.  Om.  ifoot  xiv.  p,  307  (1838); 

Temm.   PL   Col.,  genre  Tinamau,  en.   12  (1626) ;  Lett.  Man.  ii. 

L207  (18281;  id.  Tr.  d-Ont.f.  513  (1831);  id.  (hmfi.  de  Bi#. 
i  ed.  0«.  p.  238  (1838) ;  Temm.  Ft.  Coi.  i.  TaN.  MHk.  p.  87 
(1830) ;  G.R.6T.  Gen-  B.  iii.  p.  624,  n.  12  (1*44)  ;  iicAiiA.  Syn. 
A  f..  aamnaceffi,  t  285.  ff.  1508^  (1848) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  LiU  Gtiliirup 
Brit.Mut.  n.  99  (pwt.,  Braiil  and  Bolivia)  (1867);  Brinh.  Fid. 
Med.  naturh.  Forrm.  1870,  p.  48  (Liwoa  dos  Pitoa,  Suiuidoilro, 
LftRoa  Santa) ;  Feh.  Orn.  Snu.  pp,  392,  453,  Iv  (Uatbidentru, 
Ypanema,  Itarart)  (1871) ;  Oiefi.  T/iet.  Om.  iii.  p.  637  (1877). 

CtypCura  cierulaacens,  yieili.  N.  D.  xzxir.  p.  101  (1819)  (a-  Atara). 

Ttnamua  cKTulesceiiB,  Vieilt.  Enc.  MUh.  L  p.  372  (1830). 

Crypturiu  obwletus,  Licht.  Vert.  Doubl.  p.  68,  n.  703  (San  Paulo) 
(1823);  WV-  V*-  Av.,gen.  Crypturua,  ap.  11  (1827);  TieA. 
Arch.  f.  Naturg.  1844,  i.  p.  307,  n.  280  (Pern)  i  Thienem.  Fori- 
gflam.  t.  V.  f.  7  {eag)  (1846) ;  Ttck.  Faun.  Per.,  Aves,  p.  46,  a.  S 
(1846);  UdU.  Norn.  Av.  p.  87  (18-54);  Bp.  Chmpt.  Send,  xli], 
p.  881.  n.  326  (1856) ;  id.  Tabl.  ParaU.  OaUin.  {Extract),  p.  12, 
n.  332  (1856) ;  Burm.  Th.  Bra*,  iii.  p.  316  (Neu-FreibuiK)  (1856) ; 
Euler,  J.  f.  O.  1867,  p.  418  ((!(tg)  j  G.  B.  Or.  Hand-lint,  iii.  p.  4, 
n.  9872  il87l);  Selat.  ^  Salv.  Nomtnel.  A<>.  NtUnp.  p.  152 
(Braiil  and  l*arayuaT)  (1873)  ;  ?  Taet.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  603  (Mon- 
tarico) ;  Cab.  J.  f.  O.  1874,  p.  230 ;  Si-rbv,  P.  Z.  S.  1875,  p.  361 
(egff);  Selat.  *  Sale.  P.Z.S.  1878,  p.  ^2  (Tilotilu,  BoIiTm) ; 
SMv.  Mut.  P.-if.,  Tinami,  p.  22  (Unuil  and  New  Ornnada?) 
(1880);  ToK.  P.  Z.  .5.  1882,  p.  49  (Cbirimoto,  N.E.  Peru) ;  &/i.. 
Cat.  B.Strifkl.  CoU.p.  B40,d.  3112  (1882) ;  Sclat.  Liit  Vert.  Ah. 
Bth  ed.  p.  54.^  (Zool,  Gard-t  (1883)  ;  Bvrl.  u.  Jher.  Zeitichr.  get. 
Oth.  1885,  p.  184  (Taqusra  do  Muodo  Novo) ;  Too..  Om.  Pir.  ilL 
p.  296,  raiisK,  p.  106(1886);  BeH.J.f.  0.  1887 j).  126,  n.  360; 
SrM.  S(  Hvd*.  Argrnt.  Om.  ii.  p,  207  (18891 ;  Heine  u.  Schnur. 
Nom.  Mm.  Heio.  Orn.  p. 303  (Bio OreodB and Monterideo)(1890) ; 
Hartert,  Kat.  Vogeliammi.  p.  206,  d.  8006  (1891). 


Crypturus  obecurua,  "  ifcA(,"   (errore),  Gieb.   Thei.  Om.  i 

(1877) ;   Taez.  Om.  Pir.  iii.  p.  296  (1886)  (in  lyn.  C.  obwle'ti). 
P  Crypturufl  ciwreiu.,   While  {nee  Gm),  P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  629  (Salta). 

Adult  ntnlt.  Head  and  upper  neok  dusky  grey,  tliroat  paler  ub- 
grey  ;  lower  hind  neck  brown  ;  upper  parts  rufous  brown,  slightly 
Termiculatcd  with  duaky  ;  lower  parts  rufoas  cheatnut,  abdomen 
paler ;  feathers  of  the  lower  flanks  and  abdomen  with  creaceiitic 
brown  bara,  producing  a  scale-like  appearance  ;  under  tail-covertft 
deep  brown,  variegated  and  edged  with  ochreous  rufeaoent;  pri- 
maries and  under  wing-covetta  greyish,  the  greater  under  wing- 
oorerta  paler  grey :  tail  rufous  brown  :  "  bill  reddish  brown ;  iris 


orange ;  feet  pale  brown,  or  of  a  dead-leaf  colour  "  (jJatra) ;  "  lull 
ooral-red"  {FteiHot);  "iris  brown,  ochreoiu,  red,  or  red-brown" 
(Jherinff)  ;  "feet  greenish  flesb-brown  colour  like  tbe  upper  nun- 
dible  "  {Burmeuiter).  Total  lengtb  about  10-5  inolies,  wing  6-5, 
onlmen  0-95,  tarsus  1-9. 

FanaJs.  Similar  to  the  male,  only  paler  on  the  abdomen. 

The  larger  specimens  have  the  apper  part  of  the  head  and  nape 
much  darker,  nearly  black. 

A  youttff  bird,  apparently  belon^g  to  this  apeciee  (Forest  of 
Itaborari,  on  the  Bio  UaoocoD,  ilftu.  Turin),  is  duller,  has  the  throat 
paler  greyish,  the  upper  parts  finely  Tormiculated  and  with  a  few 
blackish  and  whitish  huff  dots,  and  the  lower  fore  neck  and  the 
breast  distinctly  barred  with  brown. 

Taczanowski  mentions  two  Peruvian  races,  both  differing  &om 
the  Brazilian  birds  in  having  a  darker  grey  throat  and  the  bill 
much  smaller,  and  he  gives  the  fallowing  diagnoses  of  tbem : — 

Firtt  race  (Central  Peru).  Upper  parts  darker  and  less  rufescent, 
middle  of  the  abdomen  broadly  fulvous  and  paler,  distinctly  different 
from  the  colour  of  the  flanks,  where  the  dark  bars  are  less  distinct ; 
the  smoky-grey  colour  of  the  sides  of  the  head  distinctly  washed 
with  reddish  ;  iris  orange. 

Second  race  (Northern  Peru).  Upper  parts  paler  and  more  mfes- 
^  «ent,  abdomen  brighter ;  iris  brown. 

Sab.  Paraguay,  Argentiue,  Brazil,  and,  if  the  same  species,  Co- 
lombia and  a^  Peru.  The  Colombian  birds  mentioned  by  Scbl^^ 
probably  belong  t«  C.  caataneua, 

«.  Ad.  St  BraiiL  Zool.  Soc. 

b.  Ad.  sk.  Braxil.  M.  CUussen  [P.l 

c,  <f.  (f  S  ad.  St.     Brazil  [Verrtaux  CoU.).  Purchased. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Bruil  F  {Boucard  CoU.).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


3.  CRIPIDBCB. 


521 


rnfeecent  or  buff;  nnJer  tail-coserts  rufous  buff,  strongly  borrL-d 
with  black,  the  tips  rufous  buff;  primaries  greyish  brown,  second- 
ftries  oliTe-brown  verniiculated  or  dotted  with  dusky :  marginal 
auder  wing-coverts  brown-grey,  the  lust  row  grey  dusted  with 
brown,  central  ones  whitish  grey;  tail  olive-brown,  the  lateral 
feathers  edged  with  whitish  buff,  and  with  a  black  line  inside  the 
pale  edge :  bill  dusky,  lower  mandible  pale ;  feet  horn-brown. 
Total  length  about  10  inches,  wing  fi'4,  tjiil  1'8,  culmen  0'9, 
tanns  I'd. 

Baft.  Venezuela. 


Veoedieln  [Spence). 


l^ftUin-Godroan  Coll.     (Type  of 


f 


4.  CryptnruB  griseiventriB. 

Similar  to  C.  ohioUtun  and  C.  eastaneus,  and  intermediate  between 
the  two.  Differs  from  C.  olteoUtiis  in  having  the  bind  lower  neck 
rufous  chestnut,  like  ( '.  castaneut,  and  the  upper  parts  of  a  moch 
brighter  rufous  chestnut,  nearly  as  in  C.  atstaneut;  sides  of  the 
head  posteriorly  tinged  with  rufous ;  lower  breast  and  abdomen 
dull  greyish  with  obsolete  creaeentio  brown  bars  ;  under  tail-ooverts 
as  in  C.  obtoUlTu;  tail  rufous  chestnut  like  the  back;  feet  oUre: 
b>c8  mnoh  shorter  than  in  either  C.  obsoletus  or  C.  castaneiu.  Total 
length  about  12  inches,  wing  ti'S,  tail  2,  culmen  0'9,  tarsus  1'62, 
middle  toe  without  claw  0'92. 

Hab.  Santarem  oil  the  Amazons,  Brazil, 


a,  b.  1mm.  or 

moultiiig,  sk. 


Sal' 


L-Oodman  Coll. 
(Types  of  spedes.) 


5.  CrTptnras  caBtasens.    (Plate  IX.) 
Tinamus  castaneus.  ScM.  P.  Z.  S.  1857,  p.  277  (Bogota) ;  Gieft.  The*. 

On.,  iii.  p.  635  (1877). 
Ilnamus  obsoletus,  pait.,  G.  R.  Gr.  List  Galling  Bril.   Mia.  p.  90 

(1867). 
CrrptuniB  castaneuB,  G.  R.  Gr.  Hand-lid,  iii.  p.  4,  n.  0881   (1871); 

&iat.  4-  Salt:  yomeacl.  An.  Nmiivp.  p.  152.  u,  3  (1873). 

Advlt  (type).  Similar  to  C.  obtoletax,  bnt  of  a  much  brighter 
chestnut  both  above  and  below,  and  also  on  the  lower  part  of  the 
hind  neck  ;  scarcely  any  trace  of  vermiculntions  on  the  back  :  upper 
part  of  the  head  and  nape  smoky  black  ;  forehead  and  sides  of  the 
head  dark  grey ;  throat  paler  grey ;  feathers  of  the  ubdomcn  and 
flanks  brown,  with  ochreous-butf  apical  bars ;  under  tail-covertA 
ocbreons  buff,  centred  with  brown,  some  variegated  with  brou-non  the 
outer  webs  ;  quiUs  dark  greyish  brown,  tcrtials  tinged  with  chestnut ; 
upper  wing-coverts  chestnut  tike  the  back,  but  the  bidden  base 
brown ;  under  wing -coverts  greyish  brown,  the  lost  row  pale  grey 
like  the  under  surface  of  the  qnilla ;  tail  brown :  upper  mandible 
block,  the  lower  whitish  ;  feet  in  dry  skin  reddish  brown.     Total 


622  raAutHM. 

teogtii  about  10  inches  (the  diy  shin  only  8'6),  wing  6,  tail  ftbent  2^ 
eolmen  0*9,  tarana  1*9. 

Only  known  from  the  type  specimen, 

3ab.  Bc^ta  (New  Granada). 

*.  Ad.  ek.  BoffoU.  SclAter  ColL 

(Type  of  species.) 

6.  Cryptnmfl  pileatns. 

Soui  on  Pdtit  Timunou  de  Cayenne,  B'Aubatf.  Pi.  JShL  829. 

Soui,  Buff.  Hist.  Nat.  Oil.  iv.  p.  612  (1778). 

Tetwo  pTleatus,  Bodd.  Tabl.  Pi.  Etd.  p.  61,  n.  829  (1783). 

Little  Tinamou,  Lath.  liyn.  ii.  2.  p.  727,  n.  4  (1783). 

TetMo  BOvi,  Gm.  8.  N.  i.  2,  p.  768,  n.  06  (1788J. 

Tinamiu  soui,  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  834,  n.  4  (1790);  Bonn.  Bnc. 
Mm.  i.  p.  22S,  pi.  90.  f.  3  {lf91}i  Temm.  Pig.  rt  OaOin.  iii. 
pp.  697,762  (1816) ;  Steph.  Gen.  Zoot.  xL  2,  p.  418  (1810) ;  Teium. 
PL  oa.,gmrt  Tinamou,  sp.  16  (J826) ;  La*.  Man.  ii.  p.  207  (1838) : 
W.  TV.  dOm.  y.  612  (1831);  id.  Compl.  de  Bi^.  Stad  ed.,  Om. 
p.  240  (1838) ;  Trmm.  PI.  Col.  i.,  Tabl.  Mith.  p.  87  (1839). 

Cryptura  wui,  Vieill.  N.  D.  Miiv.  p.  107  (1819). 

Ciypturug  sovi,  Licht.  Verv.  Dinibl  v.  68,  n.  706  (Bahia)  (1828); 
Wagl.  Syit.  Av.,gen.  Cryptunu,  ep.  10  (1827) ;  Thientm.  For^tojo, 
p.  2S,  Ub,  T.  f.  9  (184€)  ;  Cab.  in  Sehcmb.  Sea.  Brit.  Gtuan.  iii. 
p.  748  (1848);  Licht.  A'om.Av.f.67  (1864);  Pp.  Coa^t.  Btnd. 
xlii.  p.  881,  a.  328  (1856);  id.  Tabl.  Parall.  Oallin.  {Extract), 
p.  12,  n.  327,  p.  la  (1856) ;  Bum.  Tfi.  Bra*,  iii.  p.  816  (\WS). 

IliiamuB  Bovi,  Wied,  Beilr.  ii.  p.  522  (liio  Belmoote)  (1832) ;  Marti, 
agtt.  Verz.  Gt>.  Mm».  p.  105  (1844) ;  O.  R.  Gr.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  624, 
n.  11  (1844) ;  Uot.  Oi».  THmd.  p.  385  (1886)  ;   Gieb.  The*.  Om. 


3.  CRmusua. 


523 


1879,  p.  548  (Cauca,  Antioquia):   Sehlej/.  Mua.  P.-B.,  "nnaiiu, 

p.   24    (1880);    Zekdoti,  Cat.  Av.    Cuita  JUai,    p.    29    (1B83J ; 

Xvttm,  jpr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mut.  v.  p.  409  (1882)  (Coaw  Rica) ;  Sciat. 

List  Vert.  An.  8lh  ed.  p.  545  (Zool.  Gard.)  {1883} ;   Taa.  Jj-  Berl. 

P.  Z.  S.  1885,  p.  113  ( YaguBchi,  Ecuador)  * ;  Xeled.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat. 

Miu.  1885,  p.  112  rCosta  Rvm)  -.  Sale.  Ibis,  1881),  p.  181   (Bnt. 

Guiana);  ZeUd.  An.  Mtu.Nac.  Rep.  Cgta  Sica.  188T.  p.  128;  Allot, 

BuU.  Amer.  Mm.  N.  H.  ii.  p.  112  (Bolivi«)  (1889) ;   Tiistr.  Cat. 

Cell.  B.  p.  2  (Ueoiernn)  (1889);  Heiiu  u.  Sohnw.  Norn.  Mia. 

Bein.  Orn.  p.  304  (Uiuana)  (1800);  Sarterl,  Kat.   VogeltammL 

p.  206,  n.  309T  (1801) ;  lOchn.  Pr.  U.H.  Nal.  .Vtu.  x\i.  p.  625 

(Nicaragua)  (189.1) ;  Chapm.  Bull.  Atnee.  Mm.  N.  U.  vi,  p.  85 

(Trinidad)  (1894). 
Tinamua  jnodestus,  Gicb.  TAei.  Oni.  lii.  p.  ft'!"  (1877). 
Cmiturua  pileatug  meserytlirUB,  Schliy.  iliia.  P.-B.,  Tiaami,  p.  2.5 

(1880). 
Crypturua  ap.  P,  Tarz.  ^  Berl.  P.  Z.  S.  188.1,  p.  677  (Cliimbn). 
Crvpturus  sp..   Tac:.  ^  Berl.  P.  Z.  S.  1S85,   p.  120  (Babalioyo  Mid 

timeraldag,  Fra*er). 
Cryplurus  sp.  noT.,  Taci.  *  Beid.  /.  e.  p,  121. 


'^> 


i  parvirodtris,    Tacz.  (nee    iFiy/,)   Oni.   Ptr.    iii.   p.   398 


I 
I 


Kuu  Bmall ;  not  barred ;  general  oolour  more  or  less  rufoos, 
rnfous  brown,  olive-brown,  or  oven  olive  ;  lower  parts  clearer ;  the 
meiial  parts  from  bright  riifoua  ciaoamon  to  i>a1o  ochrcous  fulvous; 
sides  from  chestnut  to  olive  ;  throat  white,  Bometimes  waahed  with 
rufooa  or  with  grey,  but  never  decidedly  rufous  or  grey;  upper  part 
and  aides  of  head  and  uape  blackish  or  brown,  ur  even  greyish; 
tiotiictunes  a  bright  rufouni  stripe  along  the  malar  region;  neck 
bright  clieatnut  or  rufous  brown,  or  even  dusky ;  feathers  of  the 
flanks  with  lighter  tips,  which  jiroduce  the  ap[>earance  of  the  flanks 
lieing  obsoletely  barred  ;  under  t«il-covert«  fulvous  buif,  nearl] 
uniform,  sometiroes  centred  with  black  or  more  or  less  freckled  with 
brown;  upper  wing-coverts  like  the  back,  tjuills  blackish;  under 
wing-ooverta  brownish  along  tbo  edge  of  the  wing,  the  last  row 
pale  grey,  the  central  ones  whitish  grey:  "  upper  mandible  horn- 
brown,  the  lower  horn-grey,  darker  towards  the  lip;  feet  olive-grey ; 
irides  grey"  {Sto/i?«nnii);  "iridca  very  light  brown  "  (J/ftMnnan). 
Total  length  about  9  inches,  wing  5'4,  tail  I'T-i,  culmen  075, 
tarsus  I'll. 

A  yovnij  bird  in  flrst  plumage  from  Bartica  Urove  has  the  feathers 
of  the  upper  parts  with  aubapica]  black  spots  and  pale  tipe  :  the 
upper  wing-ooverla  have  pale  buff  tips,  forming  two  pale  alar  bars 
at  the  tip  of  the  median  and  greater  ones;  the  lower  parta  are 
rafous,  with  black  bar-like  marks  espeeially  on  the  flanks. 

Immaturt  hinh  from  Roraima  have  the  upper  parts  olive-brown, 
the  top  and  sides  of  head  greyish  hroira  ;  the  upper  wing-covert« 
and  Upper  tail-coverts  burred  at  the  tip  with  pale  ocbroous ;  lower 
|iuts  oohreons ;  tliroat  white. 

■  Thanka  to  Mr.  fitoUmann.  I  have  eianiined  tlje  apeciinen  fnitn  YagiuKhi ; 
it  it  a  tn&le  uiil  noL  a  feiaile,  h  aCstcd  {I.  c),  exact!/  lite  otiwr  fpocimeni  froia 
Bibala,  Chiriqui. 


The  variations  in  this  species  are  so  great  that  it  is  impossible  to 
give  a  description  which  can  apply  to  each  specimen,  even  adult. 

The  brighter  coloured  birds  are  those  from  Bartica  Grove,  Britieh 
Ooiana  (i^  e),  thepaler  are  from  BalzarUoant^Ds(t,  u)  ;  specimens 
from  Antioqaia  (a^)  and  Nicaragua  («',/')  also  often  h«ve  the  neck 
very  dark  brown  in  front.  Noth withstanding  the  large  series  in  the 
British  Uoseiun,  we  must  watt  for  larger  series  from  each  locality  to 
decide  whether  several  races  can  be  recognized.  C.  nteserythrta, 
Sdat.,  &om  Mexico,  is  very  little  brighter  than  some  specimens  Irom 
Brazil,  and  much  duller  than  the  Guiana  birds;  to  the  Central 
American  dark-necked  form,  if  distinct,  the  name  C,  modettai,  Cab, 
may  be  applied. 

Bab.  Guiana,  sonth  to  Brazil  and  Bolivia,  west  to  Peru,  Ecnador, 
Oolombia,  and  Central  America,  north  to  Mezioo. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  8.  America  (Ouiana).  Old  Collection  (X«(i^ 

btater). 

b,  Q.  iS  imm.  sk.        Rorumn,  Brit  Guiana,  Nov.     Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(H.  hliitefy). 
d)  «.  /   $   ad.  et    BarticH  Grove,  Brit  Guiana,    Salvin-Godman  ColL 
juv.  sk.  Oct-,Dec., Jan.  (JT.  WhOefif). 

fAd.  St  Brazil  M.  Clausseu  [P.].  I 

Ad.  St.  Brazil.  Old  Collection.        ( 

(Tmamm patrirotlru,  G.  R.  Gr.  list  QslL  p.  81.) 
»'.  Ad.  St  Brazil  ?  Dr.  J.  E.  Grey  [P.]. 

k,  I.  Ad,  sk.  Brazil.  Salvin-Godman  OolL 

m.  cf  ad.  sk.  Pari,  Brazil,  Dee.  {Ellmt).       Tweeddale  Coll. 

n,  o.  Ad.  sk.  Bahia,  BrazU  (  Wiieherer).         Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

P,  q.  Ad.  et  S  hum,    Rjo  de  Janwo.  Alex.  Frv,  Esq.  [F.]. 

sk. 
r,  tS  sd.  sk.  Malto  Qrosso,  Brazil,  Nov.    Salvin-Oodnum  CoU. 

(JVofierer). 
Cbyavetaa,    " 


f-m'.  2  ad.  el  «d.    Choctinn, 


GuatemalB,  Jul.     SalTia-OodniaD  Coll. 
(O.  Sah-in). 

Plava  Vicente.  April  1859.        SBlTio-GodmaD  CoU. 

(Type  of  Tmamu  niMerjrfAnw,  Sclat.) 

Mexico  (VerreauJ^I.  Saivin-Godman  Coll. 


7.  CryptnraB  tataopa. 
TaUiipa,  Aiar.  Apunt.  iii.  p.  48,  n-  339  (1905). 
Ananias  tataupa,   Tetnm.  Pig.  rt  GaUin,  iii.  T 
Se.7i;b.  Gen.  Zm/.xi.  2,  p.  415(1819)1    VieiU. 


ra.  590.  752  (1816); 
'ElK.MHh.  i.  n.37l 


(1820):  SM.Gni.Zoo7.Tiv.l,p..507(1826) 
""  ""  ;  Ltis.Man.\\.^ 

p.  515(1832);  J>«.ai»np/. 


;  id.  Tr. 


^auvTinamou,  ep.  13  (1826);  £tis.Man.\ 

<rO™.  p.al3(1831);    Wied,BfUr.r 

deSvfiuied.  Oi>.  p.  2.30(1838);  Temm.  H  OJ..  i.  Tabl.  MM. 

S87  (1839) ;  G.  A  Or.  Gm. S.  iii. p.  nU,  n.  13 (l&M) ;  a.  Ztrt  if. 
nt  Mui.  iii.  p.  53  (1844) ;  Hartl.  lad.  Ann-.,  Append,  p.  21,  n.  31% 
(1847)!  -»^"o-  V' '*"■' f'sltinsce*.  "*>■  286.  ff.  1565-66(1848) 
(«r  rnnm.  ^  «wom«.) ;  G.  R.Gr.  Gra.  a,  Append,  p.  25  tl»49); 
Mf.  Zw(  Oflflmw  Brit.  .Hv*.  p.  B8  (Bolivia)  (1867) ;  Etdtr,  J.f.  O. 
1887,  pp.  185.  180,  190,  198 ;  SemA.  Vid.  Med.  naturh.  Form. 
1870,  p.  40  (Minna  Geraes) ;  Pdz.  Om.  Brai.  pp.  294,  464,  Iri 
(Rio  Janeiro,  SApitiba,  Mattodentio,  YpaneiQB,  fiogheno  do  Cap. 
Gama)  (1871);  Gieb.  Tku.  Om.  iii.  p.  (138  (sni.  Bmeod.)  (1877). 

Ctyptum  tataupB,  VieUl.  N.  D.  xisiv.  p.  108  (1819). 

Tinamufl  Mlaupa,  Tar.,  Swaia*.  ZofJ.  III.  i.  pi.  IS  (1820-21). 

Cryptunis  tataupa,  Lic/il.  T'crs.  Doubl.  p.  B8,  n.  707  (S«i  Panio) 
(1823) ;  Waffl.  Suit.  Av.,  gen.  UirptoruB,  sp.  12  (1837) ;  id.  bit, 
1S29,  p.  747 ;  ftck.  Aivh.  /.  h'aturg.  1844,  i.  p.  307,  n.  276 
(Peru);  id.  Faun.  Per.,  Jn-»,p.  46  (1846);  Bunii.J./.  O.  1863, 

L176  (,ega) ;  id.  Tkirr.  Brat.  ui.  p.  314  (Neu-Freiburg  and  l.ag<w 
nU)  (1866)  i  Pp.  Omipt.  Bend,  ziti,  p.  881,  n.  322  (1866) :  id. 
Taftt  ParaU.  Galiin.  (Ettract).  p.  13,  n.  323  (1856) ;  Eukr, 
J.  f.  O.  1867,  p.  417  (effft) ;  G.  B.  Gr.  Band-titt,  iii.  p.  4,  n.  0870 
(1871) ;  Sclat.  *  Saip.  Nom.  Av.  Neotrop.  p.  162,  n.  5  (S.  Bnuiil 
•ndParagusT)  (1873);  Oift. /./.  O.  1874,  p.  230;  ForfKt.  P.Z.S. 
1877,  p.  a07  (bursa  l-'abricii) ;  Sale.  Ibis.  1830,  p.  364  (SalU) ; 
Schleg.  Mus.  P.-B.,  Tinami.  p.  21  (1880);  Fartiei,  Ibii,  1881, 
p.  369  (N.E.  BtmU)  ;  &/c.  Cat.  B.  Strtdd.  CoU.  p.  640,  n.  3113 
(1882);  Wkite,  P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  629  (Oran,  Salta) ;  Sdal.  Lut 
VeH.  An.  8th  ed.  p.  545  (Zool,  Gard.)  (1883);  Ba-I.  u.  Jfter. 
Zeittchr.  get.  Om.  188.%  p.  184  (Taquara  do  Mimdo  novo,  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul) ;  Taa.  Om.  P4r.  iii.  p.  297,  TabUt,  p.  108  (1886) ; 
Berl  J.  f.  O.  1887,  pp.  .37,  126  (Paraguay);  Sclat.  ^  Buds. 
Argatt.  Om.  ii.  p. 208  (l'^89);  Urine  u.  Rhhnw.  Nom.  Mus.  Sein. 
■Or«.p.303(Braiil)  (1890);  JVnji.  J./.  O.  I8!)l,p.  123;  HarteH, 
Eat.rogeUamml.^.  200.  n.  3099  (1891) ;  AUen,  BhU.  Amer.  Mu». 
N.  H.  V.  pp.  151  (young  in  down),  168  (egw.  Matto  GrosM)  (1893) ; 
Saivad.  Boll.  Mut.  Zool,  edi  Anal.  Comp.  Tor.  x.  n.  208,  p.  24  (Rio 
Apa)  (1895). 

Pezus  Diambu,  ^nir,  .^n,  Srai.  ii.  p.  63.  t.  Iviii.n.  (1826). 

"Hnainus  plumbeiis,  Mtu.  Parii ;  Ltu.  Tr.  d'Om.  p.  513  (1831). 

CryptiiniB  lepidotUB,  Sa.  Clan.  B.  ii.  p.  345  (1837). 

Notliimi  talaupa,  Licht.  Nrrni.  Av.  p.  87  (1854). 

H^        Adult  male.  Head,  neck,  and  upper  breast  grey :  upper  part  of 
^k    the  head  darker,  ocorly  block,  in  some  specimena  tinged  witb  an 


£26  Tin  AMI  DS. 

olive  vash ;  throat  whitiBh  grey ;  upper  parte  uniform  che«tnat- 
brown ;  abdomen  whiti'ih  ;  sides  grejish  ;  lover  flanks  block,  eaofa 
feather  ed^d  with  whitish  huff,  and  some  havo  a  whitish  cresoentio 
or  V-shaped  mark ;  under  tail-coverts  buff,  wifli  irregular  horse- 
shoe bladt  bare  ;  quills  grcyiah  brown ;  under  wing-coverts  grey  ; 
tail  rufouB  brown :  "  iris  chocolate ;  beak  blood-red  ;  legs  and  feet 
pale  purple  "  (Buntford) ;  or  "  beak  vermilion-red  ;  feot  dirty  pink- 
red;  iridee  red-brown"  {Forhe»).  Total  length  about  9  inchee, 
■wing  4-9-5-5,  tail  1-5,  culmen  0-90-0-95,  torsua  1-4. 

Adult  femalt.  Similar  to  the  male,  but  somewhat  larger. 

Of  the  four  specimens  collected  by  l&T.  Fry  (Ji-l),  one  pair  have 
smaller  dimensions  and  are  marked  male  and  female,  like  the  larger 
pairl 

Tming  birds  have  the  wings  with  transverse  white  and  black 
marks  (SehUgdJ. 

Young  in  doion.  "  Whole  front  of  head,  including  lores  and  sides 
of  the  face  in  front  of  the  eyee,  brownish  buff ;  the  extreme  tips  of 
the  downy  fibres  blackish;  a  narrow  superciliary  stripe  widening 
into  a  broad  band  behind  the  eyee,  and  a  narrow  stripe  dividing  the 
orown  and  extending  down  the  ba^  of  the  neck,  yellowish  brown 
like  the  forehead ;  sides  of  the  crown  and  nape  varied  dark  rusty 
brown  and  blackish;  ear-coverta  and  a  narrow  maxillary  stripe 
blackish ;  general  colour  above  rufescent  dnsky ,  the  fibres  of  the 
downy  featiiers  aubapically  ringed  with  pale  buff;  below,  chin  and 
throat  greyish  white,  passing  on  the  lower  throat  into  a  pale  hnSy 
tint;  rest  of  the  lower  surface  mixed  buff  and  dusky-  the  downy 
feathers  dusky  and  tipped  with  yellowish,  passing  into  a  rufesoent 
boff  posteriorly  "  (Allen). 

Bab.  Northern  (Fotiet)  and  Sonthem  Brazil,  Paraguay,  and 
Bolivia  ;  according  to  Tschudi  also  Peru  * ;  in  the  Leyden  Ktuenm 


» 


I 


3.  CKYPiCKUs.  527 

(  =  Utaap«2  JUF.  I)    (l(*5li);   Seln/t.    I'id.   Med.    nalm-h.  Form. 
1870,    p.  49   (Miufta    Ueraea    an-l    Bahia)  :    Pth.    Om.    Bra: 

5p.  284, 4S4,  Ivi   (Ypaneina,  Ooiaz,  Caii^iua,  l'Biu;ecco,  Engnnho 
o  Cap.  (liuna)  (1871) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Hand-tat,  iii.  p.  4,  n.  6874 

(1871);  SeUit.  ^  Sah.   Nam.  Av.  Xeutrop.  p^l62,  n.  7   (1878); 

SehUg.  Mu*.  P.'B.,  Tinami,  p.  32  (\mi);    Too.   Orn.   I'ir.  iii. 

p.  208,  Tablet,  p.  100  (deaci.  aed  dod  locue)  (186)9) ;  Allen,  Bull. 

Amtr.  Mu4.  N.  II.  1803,  pp.  151,  IflS  (Malto  Gwmo;  egg). 
PCrypturua  palle^cens,  Liehl.  Nomentt.  Ae.  p.  87  (Brawl)  (1854); 

/h>.  Cimi;^.  .Rnu^.  xliii.  p.  0711  (San  Pau]o;=parriraBtriB)  (1866) : 

ef.  Schleg.  Mm.  P.-B.,  'rinami,  p.  22  (1880). 
Crfptunis  exiguus,  Olbfn,   Mui.  Brrol. :   Ltckt.  Norn.   Av.  p.  87 

(BniU)  (1854);  Bp.  Compt.  Smd.  xlii.  p.  881,  a.  329  (1856), 

ibii.  p.  573  (=parviroBtrifl, guv.)  (I&-)«) ;  id.  Tabl.  ParaS.  GalUn. 

{Sxtrad),  p.  12,  a.  326  (1866) ;  cf.  SMr-/.  Mat.   P.-B.,  Tinami, 

i.  22  (1880). 
P  drypturas  cervinud,  Bp.  Oompt.  Send.  xlii.  p.  881.  a.  323,  p.  1154 

(CEiquiCos)  (18.56)  ;•  id.  Tabl.  Paratl.  GnUin.  (Extract),  p.  12, 

n.  ;i24  (  =  ptil]esceDB.  Lieht.),  p.  16,  n.  10  (1856), 
Tinamua  cervinua,  0.  fi.  (?r.  Xm(  efl/ffn« //.  ,tf ,  p.  101 ,  n.  32  (1867)  1 

id.  Hand-lat,  iii.  p.  4,  n.  9880  (1871). 
Cryplunis  talaupa,  (lart.,  0«*.  Thet.  Om.  iii.  p.  838  (1877). 

Similar  to  C  lataupa,  hut.  much  smaller  and  paler,  especially  on 
the  wings ;  the  upper  parts  of  a  paler  rufous  chestnut :  hroaat  pale 
greyigh  olive,  not  distinctly  grey:  hill  and  feel  red,  the  latt«r  in 
dry  skins  pale  yellowish,  while  in  C.  tataupa  they  are  dark  greeuish. 
Total  length  about  8  inches,  wing  4-3,  culnien  0'65-U70,  tanuB 
1-20-1-15. 

A  female  from  Pausccco  {Natttrer),  apparently  adult,  has  the 
sides  of  the  head  and  tho  nape  pole  greyiuh,  while  the  crown  is 
clive-browD  ;  nearly  eimilar  ia  a  veiy  paJe  bird  from  Uatto  Grosao 
marked  male. 

Hab.  Eastern  Brazil,  from  Bahia  to  San  Paulo  and  Matto  Groeao. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Bmxil.  Salvin-Godman  (>o1l. 

b.  Ad.  ak.  Bahia,  Braiil  (  Wuchei-er).  HtJvio-Godnian  Coll. 
e.  2  ad.  sk.  Pausecco, BraiiI.Jime(JVa««ri).  Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 
d,t,f,^  S  ^     ChHpada,MattoOrosBo,Au(!r.,Oct.,    Salvin-Gudman  Coll. 

ik.  Nov.  {H.  H.  Snnth). 


9.  Cryptnns  nndtUatoi. 
Ituunbti  Uslado,  DAiar.  Apiinl.  iii.  p.  .)2,  ii.  ;m  (1805) ;  id.  Vajf. 

{Sonn.  ed.)  iv.  p.  153,  n.  ill  (IHW). 
'Riiamuj  uudulalus,   Temm.  IHg.  tt  OaUiH.  iii.  pp.  582,  751  (1815) 

(?>ui4(uiiv,  et  Atara) ;  Stfi^.  Oen.  Zool.  xi.  2,  p.  402  (note)  (1819) ; 


■  Ciyp 


Temm.  Pi.  Col.,  genre  "nnamou,  sp.  10  (1826) ;  Leu.  Man. 

106  (1828);  id.  Tr.  d'Om.  o.  612,  n.  8  (1831) ;  id.  a>mpl.  ae 

T.  3ad  ©d.  ii.  p.  339  (1838) ;  G.R.Gr.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  624,  n.  8 

14) ;  Hartl.  Ind.  Aatr.  Apaut.  p.  21,  n.  331  (1847) ;  G.  B.  Or. 

.  B.,  Append,  p.  26  (1849);  id.  List  OaUina  BrU.  .Vus.  p.  98 

(ayn.  nee  specim.)  (1807) ;  P  Selat.  P.  Z.  S.   1870,  p.  396  (Zooi. 

Qard.);  Gieb.  Thee.  Om.  iiL  p.  638  (svn.  emend.)  (1877);  ? SdaL 


Lilt  Vert.  An.  8th  ed.  p.  546  (1883)  (^L  Gard.). 

'ieUL  N.  D.  xxxiv.  p.  SU7  (1819)  U 


Ciyptun  Bylvicola,  VieiiL  N.  D.  xxxiv.  p.  SU7  (1819)  [er  A^ea). 


TinfunuB  Hylvicolfl,  VieUl.  Ent.  Mith.  i.  p.  372  (1820). 
Crypturua  utidulatus,  Wagt.  Sytl.  Av.,  gm.  Urypturus,  sp.  8  (183n 
{tx  Asara)  ;  id.  Iiig,  lP29,  p.  748  (pRrt.) ;  Bp.  Compt.  Smd.  i'- 
"" -     ",  Tabl.  ParaU.  Gallin.  (&(nict),  p. 


(1871);  BtrL  J.f.  O.  1867,  p.  126, 'n.  362;  O.  &rr,  Ibia,  1 

"""  "        T  PilooniHyo) ;  Sclat.t.e 


iii.  p,  4,  n.  9871  (srn.  emend.] 

26,  n.  362;  O.  Kt       "" 

p.  151  (Lower  PilooniByo) ;  Sclat.  t.  e.  pp.  ISl,  162. 

AdvlU  Upper  part  of  the  head  black,  slightly  mottled  with  rufoDS- 
brown  on  the  occiput ;  throat  whitish  ;  neck  with  black  and  rufous 
bars  ;  back  sirailar,  hut  the  bars  broader  and  better  definwl,  the  light 
bars  becoming  greyish  on  the  lower  back,  rump,  and  upper  tail- 
coyerte ;  upper  wiug-ooverta  greyish  olive,  vermiculalcd  with  black, 
the  greater  oaea  broadly  barred  with  black  and  rufous  grey  ; 
bastard-wing,  primary -ooverta,  and  primaries  greyish  black ;  nnder 
wing-coverte  brown-btack,  the  last  row  grey,  the  central  one*' 
greyish ;  lower  fore  nock  and  sides  ot  breast  greyish,  with  dnsky 
vermiculatiuns ;  middle  of  the  breast  whitish  ;  flanks  buff,  with 
black  bars  ;  under  tail-coTcrt^  rufescent,  with  irregular  black  bars 
aod  buff  tips ;  tail  barred  with  block  and  rufcscent :  bill  homy 
black  above,  paler  beneath;  feet  in  dry  skin  brown.  Total  length 
about  12  inches,  wing  7,  tail  2'5,  culmen  1-1,  tarsus  2-1. 

The  only  specimen  I  have  seen  of  this  species  is  the  one  collected 
on  the  Lower  Piloomayo  by  Graham  KeiT ;  D'A:eara  says  he  has 
seen  eight  sywcimens  in  24°  S.  lat.,  about  the  same  latitude  as 
the  IjOwer  Pilcomayo.  It  upppcars  to  me  that  the  specimen 
examined  is  different  from  the  Bolivian  and  Srazilian  birds 
(0.  Kolojia.v=^Tadiattt»).  The  principal  differences  are  the  mucb 
darker  colouring,  the  much  broader  barrings  of  the  upjier  parts,  the 
upper  part  of  the  head  almost  entirely  black,  and  the  bastard-wing, 
primary-eoTcrt£,  and  primaries  of  a  much  darker  greyish  brown, 
nearly  black. 

Hah.    Paraguay    and    Argentine    Republic    along    the    Lower 
Pilcomayo. 
a.  Ad.  sk.  Lower  Pilcomayo.  Graham  Kerr,  Esq.  [P.]. 

10.  CrypturuB  scolopax.    (Plate  XII.) 
Notbocercus  scolopax,  Bp.'   Tail.  ParaU.  Onfr.  Gallin.  (Extract], 

p.  12,  n.  :SSd,  p.  18,  n.  13  (Santa  Crur,  H'Oi-bigny)  (1856)  (type 

examined) ;  G.  S.  Or.  Kand-liit,  iii.  p.  5.  n.  0894  (1871). 
Tinamus  radiatua,    O.  E.  Gr.  Lut  GaUma  Brit.  Mta.  p.  100 

(Bolivia)  (1667) ;  GUb.  Thtt.  Om.  iii.  p.  687  (1877). 
TbtunuB  undulatus,  Feb.  (nee  Tanm.)  Om.  Bras.  pp.  202,  293,  468, 

Iv  (part.  Ciijaba,  Villa  Maria,  liarra  do  JaurUiUaifara,  Engenho 

do  Cap,  Oamn,  Matto  Groeso)  (1S71). 
Nolhocereufl  rudiatus,  G.  E.  Gr.  Hand-IM,  iii.  p.  4,  n.  9885  (1871). 
Cryplurua  radiatus,   Sclat.  ^  Salv.  Nomencl.  Av.  Neotrop.  p.  163, 

n.  15  (1853);  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  642  (Bolivia)  (=N.  scolopax, 

-gp-F)- 

■  Thia  nsmBdownol  appear  in  tho  'Comptes  B«ndii>'  (llii)  wheno* 
'TnblcBui  PnnUlcliquM  '  hare  been  extmded.  but  only  in  tha  EitrooU,  *-' 
nianj  additioua  and  alterations  weni  tnnde  b;  the  Author. 


I 


■rheooe  the     -  ^^1 
ikou,  when      ^^H 


y.  CKYPTUBDS,  BSfr 

Ciyptiiius  uodulfttus,  Sclat.  ^  Sahi.  Inec  Temm.)  Norn.  Av.  Neofrop. 
p.  \r,%  n.  16  (Ammonia  and  Brasilia)  (1873) ;  Schkg.  Mtu:  F.-S., 
Tinomi,  p.  29  (sjn.  emend.)  (1880) ;  Altai,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N. 
H.  V,  pp.  151,  158  (egg;  Matio  Grosao)  (1883). 
Adult.  Upper  parts  greyish  olive,  with  a  slight  chestnut  tinge  on 
the  mantle,  everywhere  waved  with  black  lines  or  narrow  irn^ular 
bars ;  forehead  slate-colour  ;  occiput,  nape,  and  lower  neck,  also  in 
front,  rufone,  undulated  with  narrow  dusky  bars ;  sides  of  the  head 
greyish  anteriorly,  rufescent  posteriorly  ;  throat  wbito  ;  lower  parts 
pale  buS,  uniform  along  the  middle  ;  breast  and  sides  dull  pale  olive, 
waved  n-ith  fine  dusky  lines,  more  or  less  obsolete ;  fiaoks  buff, 
more  or  leas  broadly  barred  with  brown-black ;  under  tail-coverts 
rufescent,  irregularly  barred  with  black  and  tipped  with  whitish 
buff;   bastard-wing  and  primaries  uniform  grey,  the  secoadaries 
waved  with  olive-groy  and  black  on  the  outer  web ;  uoder  wing- 
coverts  dusky  grey,  the  last  row  very  pale  grey,  the  central  ones 
grey,  waved  and  tipped  with  white  ;  tail  pale  rufous,  waved  with 
dusky  liues :  "  Iris  dark  brown  "  {Garlepp)  •  bill  dusky  above,  pale 
underneath ;  feet  in  drj'  skin  dusky.    Total  length  about  12  inches, 
wing  7'4,  tail  2'o,  culmen  I'l,  tarsns  I'O. 

The  timU  seems  to  differ  in  the  coarser  barrings  above  and  in 
the  somewhat  smaller  dimensions. 

Hah.  Bolivia  and  firazil,  from  Matto  Grosso  to  Cujaba. 

The  figure  is  taken  front  one  of  the  types  of  Tinamus  radialtu. 


c.  Ad.  ek. 

d.  Ad.  sk. 
c.  $  od.  sk. 


ges  rci. 

(Typae  of  Tmamm  radiattu,  Q.  K,  G 


Holivis  {Sridffet). 

Bolivia  {Bridaeg,  Eytm  CoU.). 

\'i\\a  Maria,  Matto  Groaso,  Sept. 

{Nntterfr). 
Cliapada.  Matlo   Grusao,   April, 

M»y,  Sept.  {U.  11.  Smith). 

11.  Cryptaras  adspersoB. 


Eyton  CoU. 
Salvin-Godman  CoU. 
Salvin-Godmaa  CoIL 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


Tinamus  adspers! 


,  Temm.  Pin.  et  (JalUtt.  iii.  pp,  68G,  761  (Para; 

Mitt.  Btrol.)  {IS\S);  Steph.  Art..  JZwrf.  ii.2,p,411  (1819);  ViriU. 

£nc.  jV«A.  i.  p.  .'171  (1820) ;  remfli.  Pi.  tW.,j/MireTuiamon,Bp.ll 

(1826) ;  Las.  Tr.  d'Orn.  p.  512,  n.  3  (18311 ;  id.  CotnpL  dt  Siif. 

aid  ed.  ii.  p.  3311   (1838) :   Temm.   PI.   Col.  i.  7M1.  Mm.  p,  87 

(1839)  (  =  Tenniciilatiis) ;  G.  S.  Or.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  624.  n.  4  (1SI4) ; 

i  Rchidi.  Syn.  Av.,  GallinaceKi,  t.  284.  I.  1500  (1848)  {tx  Spi*) ; 

O.  R.  Or.  Uft  GaUina  Br.  Miu.   p.   101,  a.  29  (1S67) ;  Gieb. 

Thai.  Om.  iii.  p.  635  (1877). 
Ctjptura  adspersa,  VmU.  A'.  D.  sxxir.  p.  103  (1823). 
CrypturuB  adsperaua,  Licht.  Vers.  Doalii.  p,  68,  n.  704  (San  I'aiilo) 

(1823)  ;    Wapt.  Sj/tf.  Av.,  ffen.  Crvpturua,  sp.  3  (1823) ;  TAiaiem. 

Fortpfiata.  p.  24  (1846) ;  Idcht.  Norn.  Av.  p.  87  (1864) ;  Bum. 

Tk.  Bros.  ill.  p.  319  (1856) ;  Bp.  Camp.  Send.  xlii.  p.  881.  n.  320 

;id.  TaU.  Parall.  GaUii,.  (Exb-act),  p,  13,  n.  .119,  p.  16, 

"       '•■■ "-i  (1871); 


(1866) ;  id.   Ttdd.  Parall.   < 

n.  II*  (1856))  G.  S.  Gr.  Hand-titt,  iii.   p.  "4,  c 


*  A  ■paciineo  soot  by  U.  FonbuiiBr  from  Santa  Uarta  differs  in  being  in 
nfbiu,  eepeciidljon  the  tail,  and  witb  Oner  lermiculationa  (Bonaparla), 
TOL.  XIVIl.  2  H 


.^t- 


));  Bartl  P.  Z.  S.  18S9, 


'ETKAMED.X, 


ScMeg.  Mv*.  P.-B.,  Tiuami,  p, 
p.  S70  (critical) ;  Ctib.  ibid. 
TinamuB  TennlculMiis.  Temm.  PI.  Co/.  309  (Bniul)  (1825);  Lett. 
Man.  ii.  p.  300  (1828) ;  id.  Tr.  £0n>.  p.  513,  n.  4  (1831) :  Hard. 
Sya.  Vtrs.  Gn.  Mm.  p.  10.5  (1944) ;  G.  K.  Or.  Oen.  B.  iiL  p.  S24, 
n.  5  (1844) ;  Jti:hnb.  Syn.  An.,  GullmaceB,  1 284.  f.  1559  (18481  [ex 
Temminek) ;  6.  B.  Gr.  List  Oallina  Br.  Mu*.  p.  101,  n.  30  (1867). 
?PeKuBJBpura,_%>,  Jp.  fira«.  ii.  p.  62,  t.r8{ie25)». 
Cryptiuus Termiculatiu,  Wagl. Sy»t. Av.,gim.Oryytaras,sB. i i\&^)% 
Thienem.  fortgAiwa.  t.  T.  f.  6  (egg)   (1845) ;  Burm.  Th.  Brat.  m.    | 
p.  318  (1850);  Bp.  Compt.  Send.  xlii.  p.  881,  d.  321   (18.56);     ~ 
Tabi.  PariiU.   GaUin.  (£rtroc(),  P-  12,  n-  320,  p.  16,  n.  11  (1656)    ( 
(=adepei«u8) ;  Bmih.  Vid.  Mrdd.  naturk.  Torm.  Kjiibmh.  1870, 
p.48;Sflrti.P.Z.S.1882,p.375(critical)i  flti, A«. (=adsperen»).    I 
Tiii«mua  Tenaiculosus,  "  Temm."  apud   Thienem.  Fea-tnfianx.  p.  24 

(184.5). 

Tiimmua  undulatuB,  part.  (?),  Fetx.  Oni.  Bran.  pp.  292,  293,  453,  It 

(lUo  ParonfL,  lUo  Arapiav,  Matto  OroBSO,  BoTDa,  Madeiraufer,  Rio 

Branco,  MoDaqueri)  (187i), 

Very  similar  to  C.  »eolopa.c,  from  wbich  it  differa  in,  having  the 

neck  and  posterior  part  of  the  head  not  diatiDCtly  rufescent  vith 

dusky  bar§,  but  grej'ish,  and  the  upper  parts  with  finer  vermicula- 

tions ;  the  lower  parte  are  usu.iUy  more  whitish  ;  the  flanks  i 

or  less  brightly  nifoua. 

Adult  male.  Forehead  slaty  grey,  changing  into  brown  on 
ooeiput  i  sides  of  the  head  greyish ;  throat  white,  in  some  specimeiw 
tinged  with  grey ;  neck  greyish  olire-brown  with  obsolete  vemii- 
culations ;  mantle  and  back  cbestnut-browa,  changing  into  olJTe- 
grey  on  the  mrap,  upper  tJiil-co verts,  and  wioga ;  ail  the  upper 
parts  finely  vermiculated  with  narrow  dusky  lines;  breast  and 
sides  greyish  olive,  more  or  less  Termiculated  with  narrow  dusky 
lines ;  middle  of  the  breast  and  abdomen  uniform  whitish  or 
whitish  butF;  flanks  more  or  less  brightly  rufous  and  with  ores- 
ccntio  narrow  brown  bars,  sometimes  obsolete  or  wanting;  under 
tail-coverts  nifeaceut,  with  the  centres  and  crescentic  narrow  bars 
black,  the  tips  pale  buff;  primaries  slaty  grey ;  secondaries  more 
or  less  olive-grey,  varmioulated  with  dusky  lines  on  the  outer  web  ; 
under  wing-coverts  grey,  the  marginal  ones  darker,  the  last  row 
paler,  the  central  whitish  freckled  with  grey ;  tail  olive-rufous, 
Termiculated  with  dusky  lines.  Total  length  about  13  inches, 
wing  7-2,  tail  2-0,  culmen  1-15,  tarsus  1-9-2. 

A  specimen  from  San  Paulo,  belonging  to  tbe  San  Paulo  Uasenm, 
has  been  sent  to  Oraf  von  fierlepsch  by  von  Jhering  for  identifico' 
tion  ;  this  has  the  flanks  of  a  very  bright  uniform  rufous,  vrith  no 
bars  whatever;  the  under  tail-coverta  are  also  bright  rufous,  but 
with  irregularly  crescentic  narrow  black  bars,  and  the  tail-feathers 
of  a  dark  rufoua  brown,  freckled  with  irrt^rular  dusky  lines. 

Hah.  llrazil  (and,  if  the  same,  also  Santa  Marts  !). 
a.  tJ  ad.  sk.         Rio  Aroguay,  Nov.  [Natterer).         SaSin-Godman  CoH. 


I 


3.  cBTFTCscs.  831 

1 2.  Crypturns  simplex. 
Similar  to  C.  adaptrtiix  and  nearly  of  the  same  size,  but  differs  in 
hitTing  the  Hanks  not  nifoua,  but  whitish  or  whitish  buff,  regularly 
barred  vrith  creaceutic  brown-black  bara  ;  the  abdomen  appears 
whiter,  at  least  in  two  males,  while  in  the  female  it  is  whitish  buff. 
The  back  is  tinged  with  chestnut  more  distinctly  than  in  C.  ad- 
xpertiu.  The  female  is  smaller  than  the  two  males.  "  Bill  black ; 
iridcB  hazel :  lega  bluish  slate ;  claws  brown "  (  WhiUly).  Total 
length  12-13  inches,  wmg  6-9-7'l,  tail  2-4,  culmen  l-O-l-l,  tarsus 
1-9-2-05. 

There  iB  also  a  great  likeness  between  this  species  and  C.  haUloni, 
from  which  it  differs  in  having  the  sides  of  the  head  greyish,  and 
the  upper  tail-coverts  also  greyish,  or  olive-grey,  different  from  the 
.olive-brown  hack. 

Sab.  British  Guiana,  along  tlie  Hio  Rupnnimi. 
■a-e.  ,S  $  ad.  ek.     Rio   Rupurumi,   Srit  Guiana,     SBlvin-Godman  CoU. 
March,    April,     July     {JI.         (Typesot  species.) 
WAitefy). 

13.  CrypturuB  balBtont    (Plato  Xin.) 
(Jrj'pturiis  adspersuB,  Tsch.  (nee  Temm.)  AreK.  f,  Naturff.  1844,  i. 

p.  307,  n.  278  (Peru);  irf.Faaii.iVr.,  Ava,  p.  46,  n.  3  (1846); 

Selal.  ^  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1873,  p.  31 1  (Santa  Cruz,  on  the  lluallags 

River,  E.  Peru). 
Crypturua balstoni,  Sartl.  P.  Z.  S.  1882.  p.  374  {Elvira,  E.  Peru); 

'Hchnw.  u.  fichal.  J.f.  0.  1883,  p.  408;   Taa.  Om.  Pit.  m.  p.  299, 

raife*,  p.  107(1886). 

Similar  to  C.  adspersut,  but  differs  in  having  the  whole  of  the 
Bpper  parts  from  the  mantle  to  the  upper  tail-covert«  brown-chest- 
nut; the  cheeks  much  darker,  being  of  a  dark  brown  colour ;  the 
lower  parts  more  grey,  and,  eicept  the  middle  of  the  abdomen, 
venniculated  all  over  with  dusky  lines :  the  flanks  are  not  broadly 
barred,  but  brown  with  narrow  vormiculations,  and  with  the  tips 
of  the  feathers  more  or  less  whitish. 

Adult  male  (tj-pe).  Upper  parts  brown-chestnut,  changing  into 
brown-olive  on  the  wings,  and  finely  vermiculated  with  narrow 
dusky  lines ;  upper  part  of  the  bead  blackish,  changing  into  deep 
brown  on  the  nape ;  sides  of  the  head  and  nook  brown-chestnut ; 
throat  white ;  lower  fore  neck  and  breaat  grey,  finely  undulated 
with  dusky  lines  ;  abdomen  whitish,  with  hidden  brown  bars ;  sides 
greyish  brown,  vermiculated  with  dusky  lines  ;  lower  flanks  brown, 
"wi^  dusky  narrow  bars  and  white  bars  at  the  tips  of  the  feathers : 
under  tail-coverts  basaUy  black,  with  rufescent  and  black  V-^haped 
marks  and  with  the  edges  whitish  buff;  primaries  greyish;  under 
wing-coverts  brownish  grey,  the  inner  ones  whitish,  and  the  last 
row  light  grey  like  the  under  surface  of  the  quills  :  "  iris  light 
brown"  (Haii.riftH) ;  bill  brown  in  the  dry  skin,  blackish  above, 
pale  below ;  foet  brown.  Total  length  12  inches,  wing  *5-8,  culmen 
1*5,  tarsus  2. 

2u2 


I  have  to  remark  on  Plato  XIII.  that  the  artist  hae  drawn  the 
head  too  tUok  and  the  hill  macb  too  arched.  The  feet  in  dry  ekins 
ore  brown. 

Hab.  £.  Fern. 

a.  d  ftd.  ak.      Elvira,  E.  Peru,  Jan.  (J.  Haux-  MoidstODe    Muwum 

weU).  [P.],      {Tjpe    of 

epecies.) 

6,  e.  <;  ad.  sk.     Elvira,  Jan.  (/.  Hauxtoeli).  Salvm-Godm&n  Coll. 

d.  (J  ad.  sk.      Samiria,  Not.  (^J.  HatarweU).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

e,/,   cJad.et    SantaCruz,ontheHuBllagaIUver,  SalTin-Oodman Coll. 

S  imm.  ak.       E.  Pern,  July,  Aug.  (Sartlett). 

14.  CryptoroB  atricaplllnB. 
Ciyptunu  strocapillus,  Tseh.  AnA.f.  Natarg.  1844,  i.  p.  307,  n.  281 

(Peru)i  ■iJ.J^(iun.Per.,ylR»,  pp.47,  384, n. 6  (1644) i  LUM.  Kom. 

At.  p.  87  (BrazU!  and  Peru)  (1864);  Berl.  J.f.  0. 1892,  p.  455 

{critical) . 
'Rnsmus  atro-capillus,  G.  R.  Gr.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  524,  n.  15  (1844)  ; 

id.  Lilt  Galliaa  Brit.  Miu.p.  101,  n.  27  (1867) ;  Gieb.  Tha.  Om, 

iii.  p.  636(1877);  Tatx.  Om.  Fir.  iii.  p.  294,   TabUt,  p.  106 

(1886). 
Kothocerciu  atncapillus,£t>.  CWipt..Sen(f.zlii.p.881,  d.336[1850); 

id.  Tabl.  Paralt.  GalUn.  {Extraet),  p.  12,  n.  383  (1856)  ;  G.JLGr. 

.SoniMut,  iii.  p.  6,  d.  8891  (1871). 
CrnituTus  erythropus,  part,  Schleg.  Mui.  P.-B.,  Tinami,  p.  34 

(1880). 

Adult  (type)  *.  Upper  part  of  the  head  black ;  udes  of  the  fore- 
head brown  ;  superciliary  band,  posteriorly  to  the  eyes,  throat,  and 
middle  of  the  breast  bright  rufous  ;  sides  of  the  bead  brown  ;  lores 
tinged  with  nifouB  ;  nope  blackieh  ;  lower  part  of  the  neck  greyish 
"re,  waved  with  dusky  lines;  back,  rump,  and  upper  tail-coverts 


3.    CBTPT17BD8.  533 

15.  CryptornB  garleppi. 
Cryptunis  Mrleppi,  BerUp»ch,  Ber.  Allg.  DfUtsrAl   Om.  Get.  Dec, 
1892,  p.  13  (Santa  Cm  de  In  Sierra,  Bolivia) ;  id.  J.  f.  O.  1802, 


Male  {aduh  ?)  (type).  Verj-  similar  to  the  type  of  C.  alrUapiUus, 
but  the  upper  ports  paler  brown,  with  finer  black  vermiculatioDs  ; 
tbo  feathers  of  the  rump  and  upper  tail-coverts  with  broader  black 
barrings,  and  beEides  with  polo  or  fulvous  subapical  bars  :  also  the 
wingE  have  broader  black  marks  and  more  distinct  and  more  regular 
pale  or  fulvous  barrings,  especially  on  the  greater  wing-coverta  and 
secondaries  ;  the  black  on  the  npper  part  of  the  head  less  extended, 
being  confined  to  the  forehead  and  crown,  and  not  so  deep,  being  slaty 
^^         greyish  on  the  forehead  and  over  the  eyes ;  the  rufoua  of  the  throat 
^^L        much  paler ;  the  occiput  and  nape  not  uniform  brown-black,  but 
^^1        rufous  brown  freckled  with  black  ;  the  lower  foro  neck  and  sides  of 
^B        the  breast  not  so  dark  slaty  olive,  but  browner ;  middle  of  the 
^^         breast  bright  rufous ;  middle  of  the  abdomen  pale  rufous  ;  featfaera 
of  the  lower  flanks  with  broadish  brown-black  subapicol  bars  and 
reddish-buff  apical  ones  ;  under  tail-covcrtfi  buiT,  the  mesial  part 
black,  the  lighter  portion  freckled  with  brown ;  bastard- wing,  primary- 
coverts,  and  primaries  uniform  greyish  brown ;   tail  olive-brown, 
freckled  with  black  :  "  iris  brown  "  (Oarlcj'p) ;  in  dry  skin,  bill 
brown,  with  the  base  of  the  lower  mandible  pale  ;  feet  pale  hom- 
colonr.      Total  length  about  11  inches,  wing   6'75,   culmen  I'l, 
tarsus  2'1. 

Thanks  to  Count  von  Berlcpscb,  I  have  seen  the  tj-pe  and  unique 
specimen  of  this  species  ;  perhaps  a  largo  scries  of  specimens  from 

IBoliria  and  Peru  may  prove  that  C.  garleppi  is  not  different  fi^m 
C.  airicapillui. 
Hab.  Bolivia,  Dear  Santa  CniK. 
1 


16.  CryptnmB  strignlosiu. 
I  strigulosus,  Temm.  Pu/,  et  Oallin.  \\L  pp.  694,  752  (Para) 

(18161 ;  Steph.  Gen.  Zool.  id.  2,  p.  414  (1S19) ;    VieHi.  E«c.  MilA. 

i.p.sr4,n.  1^(1820);  Temm.  PI.  C<i;.,^™rp Tmnmou, so.  14(1826); 

Ltit.  Tr.  d'Om.  p.  512  (1831);  id.  Compl.  dc  Buff.  2nd  ed.  Oi». 

-   "'"(ISSS);  G.  li.Gr.Gen.B.ia.p.624,a.  10(1844);  ul.  ImI 
«5riiAft«.p.  10,  apecim,  (1(1867);  Pek.  Om.  5nw.  pp.  293, 

463,  Iv  (Matto  Urosso,  Borba,  Pari)  (1871) ;  Oirb.  Tka.  Om.  ui. 

p.  638  (1877), 
-Cryptura  stri^ulosa,  VieiU.  N.  D.  xixiv.  p.  106  (1819). 
Cirptunis  stngulosuB,  Wa^.  Sytt.  An.,  gen.  Crypturus,  sp.  9  (18271 : 

Thiewm.  Forlpjlaia.  p.  25  (1845);  Burnt,   th.   Brat.  iii.  p.  832 

(1866) ;  Bp.  Compf.  Bend.  ilii.  p.  887,  n.  326  (18S6),  xUii.  p.  673 

(1856);  Sciat.  ^  Sale.   Norn.  An.  Neotrop.  p.  162,  n.  8  (1878); 

Schl^.  M«t.  P.-B.,  Tinami,  p,  27  (N.  Granada !)  (1880). 
TiaomuH  «trigulatuB,  Lou.  Man,  u.  p.  207  (1828). 
Nothura  strigulosa,  HeU.  Norn.  Av.  p.  87  (1854). 
NolhocercuB  strigulosus,  Bp.  Compt.  Send.  ilii.  p,  881,  n.  334  (1856)  ; 

id.  J-aW.  fijroH.  Gaam.  (£r(nwOt  P- 12,  n-SM  (1856);  G.R.Or. 

Hand4itt,  iii.  p.  5,  n.  9886  (1871). 


S34  TtsAuas. 

Adult  male.  Upper  parts  olive  mfeae-brovn ;  upper  viDg-coverts- 
uid  upper  tail-coverta  more  olive,  the  latter  witb  palo  buff  ban, 
and  between  theee  with  obsolete  blaok  bar-like  marka,  and  freckled 
with  irregular  dusky  lines  ;  forehead  blackish  brown  ;  lores,  sides 
of  the  head,  and  throat  rofous  cinnamon,  paler  on  the  chin  *  ;  hind 
part  of  the  neck  rufous  browu ;  lower  fore  part  of  the  neck  and 
breast  grey,  obaoletely  vermiculated  with  olive-brown  ;  sides  olive- 
brown;  middle  of  the  abdomen  white;  lower  flanks  olive-brown,  the 
feathers  with  apical  whitish  and  subapioal  black  bars  ;  under  tail- 
ooverts  bright  mfous,  freckled  with  irregular  black  bars  and  tipped 
with  whitish  buff;  bastard-wing,  primary-eoverta,  and  primaries 
uniform  brown ;  greater  upper  wing-coverts  with  black  subapical 
marks  and  some  pale  buff  spots  or  marks ;  secondaries  variegated 
with  olive-brown  on  the  edge  of  the  outer  web ;  marginal  under 
wing-coverts  greyish  brown,  the  last  row  grej-,  the  central  ones 
whitish  ;  tail-feathers  olive  rufous-brown,  with  a  subapical  rufescent 
narrow  bar :  bill  dusky  above,  paler  beneath ;  feet  in  dry  skin  whitish. 
Total  length  about  12  inches,  wing  6-25,  tail2,culmenl'l,tareus  1-85. 

The  female  differs  from  the  male  in  having  the  upper  parts  dis- 
tinotly  barred  with  black  and  folvous  buff  [like  the  females  of 
0,  erfflAropue], 

Hah.  Brazil,  fjrom  Para  to  Uatto  Grosso ;  the  locality  New  Orauada 
{Sddegel)  is  open  to  doubt. 

a.  ?  P  ad.  St.  Pari.  R.  Graham,  Esq.  [P.]. 

fr.  (^  ad.  sk.  Matto  Groeso,  Braul,  Nov.      Salvin-Oodinan  Coll, 

(NatUrer). 

17.  Crypturua  erythropns.    (Plate  X.) 

TinsmuB  erfthropus.  Natt.  Cat.  MS. ;  Peh.  Verh.  z.-b.  Ges.   If'u 


;j.  cRTPrcRrs. 


upper  wing-covcrts  like  the  back,  only  moro  olivaceous,  with  a  few 
irr^alar  narrow  black  bars,  and  with  ochroous  dots  and  narrow 
bare  near  the  edge ;  bastard-wing,  primary-coverts,  and  primaries 
greyish  brown  :  aeoondaries  freckled  with  ochreoaa  on  the  outer 
edge ;  marginal  under  wing-coverts  greyish  brown,  the  laat  row 
pale  grey,  the  central  ones  greyish  white ;  lores,  sides  of  the  head 
and  of  die  neck  maty  rnfons ;  throat  in  some  specimens  white,  in 
others,  perhaps  not  fully  adult,  rufescent ;  lower  fore  neok  and 
upper  breast  dull  aahy ;  abdomen  paler  along  the  middle,  whitish 
on  the  lower  part;  sides  rufous  brown,  more  or  leaa  olive;  Sanks 
barred  with  brown,  each  feather  with  apical  pale  buff  bars;  under 
tail-coverts  rufous,  with  black  irregular  bars  and  uniform  tips ;  tail 
rufous  brown,with  black  marks  near  the  edges  and  ochreous  bars  near 
the  tip  :  "  iris  yellow-brown  or  pale  brown;  upper  mandible  brown- 
black,  lower  greyish  flesh-colour  with  the  tip  dusky ;  feet  red " 
(Natterer).  Total  length  about  13  inches,  wing  6-5,  tail  1-8, 
oulmen  0-9-1,  tarsus  1-8-1-9. 

Of  the  two  males  collected  by  Katterer,  mentioned  below,  the  one 
from  Fort«  do  Rio  Branco  is  more  olive  above,  has  the  throat  pore 
white,  the  lower  fore  neck  and  upper  breuat  more  greyish ;  the  other, 
from  Barra  do  Rio  Negro,  is  more  rufous  brown  above,  has  the  throat 
rufous  mixed  with  a  tew  white  feathers,  the  lower  fore  neck  more 
brovm,  and  the  upper  breast  rufous  with  no  distinct  greyish  tinge. 

Female.  "  Upper  wing-coverts,  lower  back,  and  upper  tail-coverts 
with  ochreous  bare  "  (Pelzeln) ;  iris  dark  brown  ;  feet  dark  rosy  " 
(batterer). 

Hab.  Central  Brazil,  in  the  Amazons  region. 

Brazil.  E.  Wilson,  Esq,  VP.X 

{ Tinamia  strigwhtui,  G.  K.  Or,  List  Gamn. 
p.  100,  specim.  b.) 
Brazil  ?  Zool.  Soc.  Coll. 

(Type  of  T.  iongirmtrv,,  G.  It.  Gr,> 

Bnrra   do    lUo   Negro,  Itraiil,     Salvin-Godman  Coll.^ 

Nov.  (Natierer).  f 

Forte  do  Rio  Branco,  Brazil,    Salvin-Godnian  Coll.  ( 

Dec.  {NaiUrer).  J 

(Typical  specim.  of  C.  trytliroptu,  Pelz.) 


18,  CiTptnmB  variegatiu. 
u  varie  de  Cayenne,  D'AubeiU.  PL  Enl.  828. 
Tinamou  vari«,  Baff.  Hut.  Nat.  Oit.  iv.  p.  511  (1778). 
Variegated  Tinamou,  Lath.  Sya.  a.  3,  p.  72U,  n.  3,  t  65  (1783). 
Tetrao  variegatus,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  2,  p.  788,  n.  65  (1788). 
Tinamua  vanegatus,  LoiJt.  Ind.  Om.  iL  p.  634,  n.  3  (1790)  ;  Temm. 

Pig.  H  GaUm.  iu.  pp.  576,  750  (1815) ;  Sleph.  Oen.  Znol.  xi.  3, 

p.  409,  pi.  26  (1819) ;   Wied,  Stite  naiA  Bras.  i.  p.  262  (IBSO),  ti. 

p.l21(l821);    Temm.Pl.Col.,ffmreTiaamoa,»a.gOB2B);  Leu. 

Jfan.ii.  p.  206(1828);  uf.  Tr.ifOni.p.&lS  (1331) :    Wied.Beitr. 

iv.  p.  510  (1832);  Lea.  Comiil.de  BiO'.Zuded.  Ou.  p.  238  (1638); 

Temm.  PL  Col.  i.   Tabl.  Mith.   p.  8^(1839)  j  HarO.  8yil.  Yen. 

Got.  Mtu.  p.  105  (1844) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Gen.  B.  ui.  p.  524,  n.  8  (1844) ; 


6  TIHAJtUU. 

id.  Litt  B.  Brit.  Mm.  iii.  p.  63  (1844) ;  Sdtnb.  Sifn.  As.,  QsUin. 

t  266.  ff.  1670-71  {1848} ;  adat.  P.  Z.  8. 1861,  p.  234  (ZooL  Gwd.) ; 

SoiloMi,  J.  f.  O.   1861,  p.  31   (powdei-4own)  ;   G.  B.   Gr.  Litt 

GaUtTue  BriL  Mut.  p.  101,  □.  36  (1867]  ;  Peli.  Orn.  Bnu.  p.  293 

(Borba,B&m  do  Rio  Negro,  Uuabitanaa,  Pari),  pp.  453,  Iv  (1871) ; 

id.  i»M,  1873,  p.  120;  Gu*.  Tht$.  Orn.  iii.  p.  638  (1877) ;   Trittr. 

Cat.  OoU.  B.  p.  2  (1889). 
Tineinm\Mi^s.tii,  Bonn. Bnc.MSth.  i.  p.226,  n.3,  pL90.f.l  (1791). 
CiTptuni  variegatB,  Vieill.  N.  D.  xxxiT.  p.  109  (1619). 
Crvptura  sylricolft,  VieiU.  Gal.  de*  Oii.  ii.  p.  49,  pi.  216  (1826)  (itee 

2t.  D.  luiT.  p.  207, 1819). 
Crypturufl  Tariegatus,  Wagl.  8y»t.  Av.,  gen.  CrypturuH,  sp.  7  (1827) ; 

Tfaenetn.  For^flam.  p.  26,  t.  v.  f.  8  (egg)  (184.5) ;  Sckotnb.  Jteii. 

Brit.  Guiin.  iii.  p.  748  (1848) ;  Jurm. /./ O.  18-53,  p.  178  Cegz); 

ZicAt.  Norn.  Av.  p.  87  (1854)  ;  Buna.  Th.  Bra».  iii.  p.  321  (1^) ; 

Selat.  ^  Sale.  Norn.  Av.  Neotrop.  p.  IS2,  n.  13  (1673) ;  Sddeg. 

Mtu.   P.-B.,  Tinami,  p.  32   (1880);  Snip.  Cat.  B.  Striekl.  Ook. 

p.640,D.3111  (1882);  Sdat.  Lilt  F«rt.  ..In.  6Ch  ed.  p.  &46  (1883) 

(ZooL  QHid.) ;  Sah.  Ibit,  1886,  p.  181   (Brit.  Guiana) ;  2£artat, 

Sat.  Vogdiamrnl.  p.  206,  n.  3098  (1691). 
PCrjpturiis  unduUtua,   Wagl.   Iiig,   1829,  p.  746   (part,   Braiil); 

Burm.  {nee  Temm.)  Tk.  Brat.  ILji.  322  (1866). 
^nnamuB f,   G.  R.  Gr.  Litt  B.  Brit.  Mut.  iii.  p.  63  (roung) 

(1844)  (=biinaciilatUH). 
f  TiDamuB  imdulatus,  Beknb.  (nee  Temm.)  S^.  Av.,  Oallinacev, 

t  286.  f.  1667(1848)  (ei  FkiYW?)*;  G.  R.  Gr.  {nee  Temm.)  Litt 

OaUina  Brit.  Mut.  p.  98  (1867). 
Kothocercu  y&riegatu8,£;.  Oimpt.  .finuj.  xlii.  p.88],  n.335  (1856)j 

id.  Tabl.  ParaU.  Gallm.  (^rfroci),  p.  12,  n.332  (1856);  G.R.Gr. 

Hand^Htt,  iiL  p.  5,  n.  9889  il871)  ;  Heine  u.  BcAnw.  Xbm.  Mtu. 

Hein.  Orn.  p.  304  (OnifLiia)  (1890). 
"■  '  ■  •  -        "    "    "  .  List 


9  bimoculatus,  G.  S.  Gr.  List  Gallina  Brit.  Mut.  p.  101 
(1867)  (juv.). 
Crypturus  undiJatus,  part.,  G.  R  Gr.  Hand-lid,  iii.  p.  4,  n.  9871 


S87 

Ftmah.  Similar  to  the  male,  bnt  the  lower  parte  less  whitish  and 
more  rufesceut ;  under  tail-coverts  with  no  white  tips ;  the  bars  on 
the  upper  part*  aomewhat  narrower  (  WU<1).  It  appears  to  me 
that  the  female  is  to  be  distingnisfaed  by  the  upper  parts  being 
blacker,  with  more  regular  and  narrower  rufous  bars ;  besides  each 
foather  has  two  rufous  bars. 

Tounij.  Differs  from  the  adult  in  having  white  dots  on  the  fore- 
head, behind  the  eyes,  on  the  cheeks  and  upper  parts  ;  the  feathers 
of  the  fore  neck  have  blackish  subnpical  bare  and  white  tips ;  also 
the  feathers  of  the  lower  parta  have  white  tips,  moat  coDspicuonB 
on  the  lower  flanks. 

Young  in  Jirtt  moult  has  no  barrings  on  the  upper  parts,  which 
are  olive-brown,  more  or  less  marked  with  black  and  dotted  with 

ffab.  Guiana  and  Lower  Amazonia. 

a,   6.    9  (j    ad.   et    Takutu,  Brit.  Ouintin,  March,    Saliin-Godnon  Ooll. 

pull.  sk.  Mbv,  June  (H.  H'A.Wu). 

c,<f,e.Sad.  eidi     Bnrtica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana,     Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 

juv.  ek.  Sept,  Oct.,  Dec.  (-ff,  »'.). 

/.  (^  od.  sk.  CamacusB,Brit.Guiana,Aiuil    Salvin-Qodman  Ooll. 

{H.  IF.). 


c?juv.»k. 

Roraima,  Brit.  Guiana 

3.W0fU),  Jan.  (H.  H- 

(alt. 

Salvin-Godman  Goll, 

Juv.  sk. 

Menim^  Sits.,  Brit    Guiana, 

Solvin-Godman  CoU. 

July  [H.  »-.). 

Ad.sk. 

Cavenue. 

n.  0.  Rothery  [P.]. 

Ad.rt. 

Biiiii. 

Old  CoU. 

Ad.  St 

BrazU. 

Dr.  J.  E,  Gray  [P.]. 

n.  Ad.  ek. 

Brsiil. 

Ad.ek. 

I'arit. 

R.  Graham,  Esq.  P".! 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

tJ  ad.  ak. 

Pari,  Nov.  (A'trffcnr). 

Ad.  sk. 

Bahia,  Bradl. 

Sudbury  Museum. 

Juv.  8t, 

S.  America. 

Purchased. 

(Type  of  Tnuniuii  bimanUatia,  G.  B.  Or.) 


i 


19.  Cryptiinu  Balviid. 

Similar  to  C.  variegntit,  but  the  dark  bars  on  the  sides  and 
flanks  less  sharply  detined  and  nearly  obsolete  on  the  sides,  the 
rufous  and  black  bars  of  the  upper  parts  less  defined,  OufealJieri  of 
tkt  hack  and  rump  and  ujipfr  w'mg-toverU  uilh  only  ot\t  rvfont  httr, 
and  the  bUck  tips  much  broader. 

One  specimen,  possibly  a/mvi/e,  has  the  rufous  bars  on  the  upper 
parte  better  dofin^  than  in  the  other  two  adult  birds,  probably  main. 

Tgunji  m  first  moult.  Similar  to  that  of  C.  varUijatiii,  and  like 
it  has  the  upper  parts  olive-brown,  dotted  with  white  and  with  no 
bars. 

ffal).  Sarayacu,  Ecuador. 


a-iL  Ad.  et  juv.  sk. 


Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
(T^pes  of  epeciea.) 


tihahidx. 


20.  CrTptDiTiE  breTirOHtrifi. 


:,  Natl.  I 


;  iVfc,  1 


}>.  Gu.  Wienr 


Tinamns  brevirostrie,  . 

1863,  p.  1128  (Brwsil) ;  Natt.  ibid.  p.  1130  (Barm  do  Kio  Negro) 
0883);  G.Ji.  Or.  Lift  OaUime  £riE.  Jtfu*.  p,  101,  n.SS  (1867) ; 
Fth.  Om.  Brai.  pp.  294,  46S,  Iv  (Barra  do  Rio  Negro)  (1871>  i 
Gj(*.  Tht$.  Om.  iii.  p.  035  (1877) ;  Peh.  u.  Lor.  Amu  naUtfh. 
Sofmiu.  iii.  p.  5  (tyijes)  (1888). 

Nothocercaia  hrevirostris,  O.  E.  Gr.  Jland-iitt,  iii.  p.  6,  n.  9890 
(1871). 

Crypturua  Toriegatus,  part.,  Schleff.  Miu.  P.-B.,TiDand,  f.SS  (1880). 

"  Tinamiig  pileo>  capitis  lateribua,  ot  nuchie  stria  longitudiaali 
ntgro  rufoque  variegatis  (plumis  ni^eBCeatibus  lat«  rofo  limbatis), 
coUi  tateribos  et  reliqua  nucha  ferrugineo-mfia,  plumb  dor^  et 
uropygii,  tectricibus  caudie  superioribus  et  teotricibos  alarum 
superioribue  nigris,  eiugula  faaciis  transrersalibus  2-3  oliTascente- 
ochraceis  l^-^"'latis  (tectricibus  alarum  majoribus  in  nno  individuo 
hinc  iode  macula  rel  fascia  alba  irregulari),  remigibus  ciuereo- 
brunneiH,  secundariis  margiao  extemo  iuterdum  et  versus  apioem 
intemi  maculia  parvis  ochraceis  irrtgularibua,  tectricibus  alarum 
inferioribuB  extimis  cinereo-bninncis,  reliquis  albidis,  gula  alba, 
collo  inferiore,  pectore  et  abdomine  femigineo-rufis,  abdomine  medio 
albescente,  lateribua  corporis  oanesoeDtfi-ocbraceU  fasciis  tranaver- 
ealibuB  nigria  irregularibus,  plnmis  cnKsi  et  tectricibus  caads 
inferioribus  ochraceis,  fasciis  trauBveraia  1-2  nigris,  rectricibua 
cinerco-brunneis.  Longit.  tot.  10",  rostri  a  rictu  13'",  a  front© 
9'",  a  naribuB  4'",  alfe  5|-5|",  tarai  18-19'",  digit!  medii  cum 
iingue  v."     (Pehrin). 

Similar  to  C.  i-arUffatug,  but  much  smaller,  the  bill  much  eborter, 
and  the  upper  part  of  the  head  rusty  red.     The  light  bars  on  the 
upper  jiarta  are  much  broader  and  less  numerooa,  standing  farther  ■ 
apart,  and  bcBideB  they  are  not  of  an  ochreoua  colour  a   '     * 
gatvt,  but  pale  brown. 

The  yonng  bird  has  the  whole  oE  the  back  pale  brown  with  few 
indistinct  black  bars.  The  sidea  of  the  breast  and  of  the  abdomen 
less  spotted  or  barred ;  the  brown  bars  are  1  ^"'  broad.  Bill  from  j 
the  gapo  14'",  from  forehead  9'",  winga  5"  4"',  taraud 
(^NatUTCr). 

I  am  not  acquainted  with  this  species  :  Schlegel  thinks  it  Is  the-  1 
young  of  C.  varugatut ;  hut  the  young  of  that  bird  ia  very  peculiar  I 
in  having  whit«  dots  on  the  upper  parts,  not  mentioned  in  Pelzclifc  f 
and  Natteror'a  descriptions. 

Bah.  Barra  do  Kio  Negro,  C.  Brazil. 


21.  Cryptunia  bartletti.    (Plate  XL) 

Crvpturus  bartletti,  Sclat.  S(  Sain.  P.  Z.  S.  1873,  p.  811  (E.  Peru)  {  1 
1I&.  Norn.  Av.  Nfotrop.  p.  162,  n.  14  (1873) ;  Bartl.  P.  Z.  &.  ir*"'   " 
p.  87S  (Santa  Cruz  on  the  HuaUaga  River,  E.  Peru) ;  Taa.  t 
Pit.  iii.  p.  301,  TabUs,p.  107  (1880). 

Tinamiia  bartletti,  Oieb.  Tim.  Om.  iii.  p.  635  (1877). 


I 


Advil.  Upper  part  of  the  head  black,  aides  of  tbo  head  and  nape 
brown;  mantle  olive-brown;  back,  rump,  and  upper  ttul-coverts 
regularly  barred  with  olive-brown  and  black,  on  the  wings  the 
lighter  bars  are  paler  and  more  ochreous ;  throat  white ;  lower 
fore  neck  and  breast  ochreons  olive,  lower  breast  mfescont,  chaDging 
into  fulvous  buff  on  the  abdomen ;  sides  of  the  breast  more  oUvu 
and  barred  with  black ;  lower  flanks  barred  with  black,  and  with 
buS  bars  at  the  tip  of  the  feathers ;  under  tail-coverts  mfous 
cinnamon  ;  primariee,  primary-coverte,  and  bastard-wing  uniform 
blackish,  secondaries  with  some  rufons  marks  on  the  outer  webs ; 
mai^nal  under  wing-covertA  dark  brown,  the  greater  ones  light 
grey,  the  central  ones  paler  grey,  nearly  whitish ;  tail  olive-brown : 
bill  plumbeous,  under  mandible  pale :  feet  dusky.  Total  length 
about  y  inches,  wing  6  (5-5  in  the  ori^nal  description  !),  tail  1'5, 
oolmen  0'9,  tarsus  \-6'2. 

Young  birds  are  less  barred  on  the  upper  parts  and  have  white 
tips  to  the  median  and  greater  upper  wing-covert«. 

Ball.  Eastern  Peru,  on  the  Upper  Amasons. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Santa  Cruz,  E,  Peru  (E.  BarCleU).     Salrin-Godniau  CoU. 

(Type  of  specieB.) 
&  e  ad.  sk.      Santa  Cruz,  Sept.  E.  Banlatt  [C.\ 

t.  9  ad.  ak.       Chamicuros,  Jan.  E.  Bartlett  [C.J. 

d.  9  jnr.  ak.     Yquitos,  March  (//.  W'hitely).  Salvin-Uodnum  CoU. 

22.  CTTptTimB  DOCtiTKfflU. 

Tinamus  noctivagua,  Wied,  Iteite  tiark  Brat.  i.  pp.  160, 173  (1820), 
ii,  pp.  Ill,  1:37;  145,  158(1821);  Tatxm.  PI.  Oul.,  genrr  Tiattaou, 
sp.  7  {Ism) ;  -£*«.  Mm.  ii.  p.  206  (1828) ;  id.  T):  <rOm.  p.  512 
(1881) ;  H'ied,  Britr.  iv.  p.  604,  tab,  i.  f.  1  (trachea  and  larynx) 
(1833)  i  Les>.  Comjil.  de  Duff.  2nd  ed.  OU.  p.  238  (1838) ;  «.  R.  Or. 
Oen.  B.  iii.  p.  524,  n.  7  (1844) ;  Hartl.  Eril.  Nachie.  Verz.  Oet.  Mtu. 
p.  17.  n,  ISO  (1646) ;  Rchnb.  Sj/n.  Ac.  Gallinace^,  t.  284.  ff,  1561- 
62  (1848)  (ai  ^u) ;  id.  J.f.  0.  1853,  Eiira/i.  p.  41;  G.  R.  Gr. 
iMt  GaUina  Bnt.  Mv».  p.  101,  n.  26  (1867) ;  £ul»r,  J./.  O.  1867, 
pp.  189,  190,  198 ;  Flelx.  Ora.  Bras.  p.  293  (not*-),  p.  453  (1871) : 
GUb.  Thn.  Om.  iii.  p.  &37  (1877). 

Pmos  zabel*,  Sp£r,  Av.  Snu.  n.  p.  62, 1.  77  (Cadngha)  (1825). 

Cryptiirus  noctivagua,  Waffi,  ^«f.  ,^!'.,^ni.Crypturus,Bp,6  (1627); 
Tich.  Arch.  /.  Xaturg.  1844,  i.  p.  307,  n.  2(7  (Peru) ;  Thtenem. 
J-orljifiani.  p.  27,  t.  v.  C  4  (egg)  (1845>j  T>ch.  Faun.  Per.. 
Awi,  pp.  4li,  283  (1846);  LicM.  Horn.  An.  p.  87  (1864); 
Burvt.  Th.  Brat.  iii.  p.  3iO  (185fi) ;  Euler,  J.  /.  O.  1867,  p.  4iH 
(egg) ;  JUinh.  Vid.  Medd.  natwh.  Form,  ^oicah.  1670,  P.  47 
(Lti^oit  dos  Pitoa,  near  Lagoa  Santa);  sSat.  ^  Sain.  Jfom. 
Av.  Neotroj,.  p.  152,  n.  13  (Bradl)  (1873);  Cab.  J.f,  O.  1874. 
p.  230;  ScJUeff.  Mm.  F.-B.,  Tinami,  p.  33  (Montevidw),  Mu». 
Berol.;  Itehia,  Mia.  Vienm)  (1880);  F'lrbt^a,  Ibi»,  1881,  p.  360 
(Garauhunn,  N.E.  Brazil) ;  Sclat.  Liat  Vtrt.  An.  8lh  ed.  p.  645 
(Zool.  tJujcJ.)  (1883);  Berl.  u.Jker.  ZriUchr.  yu.  Oni.\^i&,'a.\9S 
(TaquaradoMundonoTo);6Wi'. //-«,l«8«,p.l81  (part., crifical) : 
Tacs.  Om.  Fir.  iii.  p.  302,  Tiibka,  p,  107  (1880)  ;  tidat.  Ibtt. 
1890,  p.  82  (quintocubital) :  Harltrt.  Sal.  rogeUammi.  p.  200, 
n.  8095  (1891). 


S 881,11.334  (1856); 
1  (18m);G.Ii.Gr. 
.  Seknw.  Son.  Jfu«, 


540 

Nothocer 

id.  Tabl.  ParatL  Gattin.  (Extract),  p.  12,  n 
HandJitt.  iii.  p.  5,  n.  9893  (1871) ;  Heine  u 
Hein.  Om.  p.  304  (Bio  Grande)  (1890). 

Adnlt  malt.  Anterior  half  of  the  crown  slaty  black,  changing  into 
vinous  brown  on  the  poeterior  half  aJid  nape ;  a  broad  nifeecent 
superciliary  stripe  cstending  down  to  the  sides  of  the  occiput ; 
poBtocuIar  region  vinoua  brown ;  cheeka  and  throat  rnfeecent ; 
mantle  duaky  brown,  tbe  hidden  part,  of  the  featbers  slaty  grey  ; 
back  brown,  freckled  with  narrow  dusky  bars ;  rump  and  upper 
tail-coverts  rufoua-cbeslnut,  barred  with  black,  the  bars  narrower 
than  the  intervening  rufoua-cbestnnt  ones ;  lower  tore  neck  and 
crop-region  distinctly  grey ;  breast  rufous,  sides  greyish,  abdomen 
buff;  flanks  rufesccnt,  barred  with  greyish  brown;  under  tail- 
coverta  rufescent,  freckled  with  irregular  blackish  linee ;  upper 
wing-coverta  olive-brown,  freckled  with  brown  marks  and  irre^ilai 
rufescent  bare  and  marks ;  primaries  greyish  brown  ;  bastard-wiog, 
prima ry-coTorts,  and  secondaries  slaty  grey,  the  latter  tinged  with 
olive-brown  and  banded  with  bar-like  rufescent  bars  on  the  onter 
web ;  mai^nal  under  wing-coverts  greyish  brown,  the  last  row 
light  grey,  the  central  ones  white  ;  tail-feathers  slate-grey  at  the 
base,  on  the  apical  half  rufous  freckled  with  irregular  black  lines  : 
"  iris  brown-yollow ;  bill  dark  grey-brown  horn-colour,  blackish 
on  the  culmen,  base  of  the  lower  mandible  nhitish  :  legs  pale  dusky 
oohreous  yellow''  (Wied).  Total  length  about  13  inches,  wing  7'i, 
tail  2'4,  culmen  I'l,  tarsus  2'2. 

Ffmale.  Differs  from  the  male  in  having  the  wings  regularly  and 
distinctly  barred  with  yellowish  buff;  the  rump  and  upper  tail-coverts 
are  more  distinctly  barred,  tbe  black  bars  being  better  defined  a 
broader  than  the  intervening  ohestuut  bars,  besides  on  the  upper 
tail-coverts  the  light  bands  are  paler,  yellowish  buff  or  rufescent ; 
sides  and  flanks  more  distinctly  barred  with  brown-black,  the  hara 
not  being  confined  to  the  flanks,  but  extending  to  the  sides  of  the 
breast.  Total  length  about  13  inches,  wing  8,  tail  2*6,  culmen  1-2, 
tarsus  2-2 

Young  male.  "  The  whole  of  (be  upper  parts  with  pale  msiy- 
yellow  dots,  and  between  these  with  obsolete  brown-black  undulated 
marks  ;  on  the  upper  biil-covcrta  the  yellovrish  extends  on  the  edges 
of  the  feathers ;  lower  parts  pale  brownish  grey,  washed  with 
yellowish  brown,  marked  all  over  with  darker  grey-brown  ngzag 
obsolete  cross-lines  "  (  Wud). 

Two  specimens'  in  the  Turin  Museum,  which  have  been  apparently 
kept  in  confinement,  have  the  superciliary  stripes  and  cheeks  very 
pale,  nearly  whitish,  the  grey  colour  of  the  lower  fore  neck  and 
breast  more  or  less  tinged  with  rufous,  and  the  bars  on  tbe  upper 
parts  cover  nearly  the  whole  of  the  back.  They  are  probably 
Jmiales. 

Hab.  Eastern  Brazil,  north  to  Garanhuns,  south  to  Bao  Belmonte. 
The  localities  Peru  (T»ehvdi)  and  Uontcvideo  {SehUgd)  are  open  to 
doubt. 


1 


I 


a,  h.  Ad.  nit.       Bahia,  BraJiil  { Wueherer).  Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

c.  (J  nd.  sk.        Lft^ros  Job  Patos,  Rio  Oronde  do       Sttlvin-Godmim  Coll. 
Sill,  BrazU  I^H.  Riger,). 

23.  Cryptnms  diSBimiliB. 

P  Crypturos  noctivBgiis.  Cab.  (nee  Wiml)  in  ScbrmA.  Reis.  Bril. 
Gu'an.  iii p.  743  (Ouiann]  { 1841^) ;  Saiehi,  Ibis,  1SS6,  p.  181  (pan., 
criticsl). 

Adult  mate.  Similar  to  tho  male  of  C.  noelivaffui,  but  smaller, 
and  wanting  the  distinct  pale  snperciliar)'  stripe  ;  upper  parts  mora 
olive,  especially  the  upper  ■wing-oo verts,  ruiap,  and  upper  tml- 
ooverta ;  the  feathers  of  the  rump  oltve-Urowa,  with  narrow  blackish 
edges  ;  the  upper  tail-coverts  olive,  with  int/omplete  block  bars,  and 
narrow  pale  buff  bars  near  the  tip ;  the  breast  of  a  paler  rufous 
than  in  C.  noetivrnjas.  Total  length  about  12'5  inches,  wing  7, 
tail  1'9,  culmen  1,  tarsus  1'9. 

Fenudt.  Differs  from  the  female  of  C.  noetivagvt  in  wanting  the 
pale  superciliary  stripe,  iu  the  paler  rufous  colour  of  the  breast, 
in  the  rump  and  upper  tail-covorte  blacker,  the  black  bars  being 
bmader,  while  the  light  bars  are  paler,  being  not  rufous- chestnut, 
but  buff,  so  that  they  are  much  more  distinct. 

The  raale  of  this  species  is  very  similar  also  to  the  male  of  C  ery- 
lihropat,  while  the  female  ia  very  much  like  that  of  V.  dmuimomfag, 
especially  in  the  barrings  of  the   wings,  ramp,  and   upper  tail- 


^H  coverts. 

^^k  Hob.  Eritisli  Guiana. 


Siilvin-Oodman  Uoll, 

(Types  of  apeoiea.) 
.Sftlviu-Godinsn  Coll. 


Tinamns  (Nothura)  cinnamomea.  Lets.  Rev.  ZdqI.  1B42,  p,  310  (La 
Union,  Centre  Amgrique)  (type  esftmiued). 

Tinamus  cinnamouieus,  G.  R.  Or.  Gen.  II.,  App,  p,  2o  (1849) ;  Sel. 
$-  Salt!.  Ibis,  1669,  p.  2iO  (,La  Union,  Son  Salvador) ;  Gwb.  Thet. 
Om.  iii.  p.  036(1877). 

Tinamus  dellattrii,  £p.  Comjtt.  Rend,  xxxviii.  p,  663  (Nicaragua) 
(18fi4) ;  cf.  Ibii,   1868,  p.  337. 

Notbocercus  delattrii,  Bp.  Cotnpt.  Read.  xlii.  p.  881,  n.  333  (sdnna- 
momeua,  Xaw.f)  (ISSfi);  id.  Tabi.  Parall.  GaUin.  (Ertraet), 
p.  12,  n.329(1866);  G.  ii.Gr.  iToB^/Mi,  iii.  p.  5,  n,  9888  (1871). 

Nothocercua  salleei,  Bp.  Compt.  Send.  xlii.  p.  881,  n.  333,  p.  854, 
n.  9  (Vera  Crui,  Mexico)  (1858) ;  id.  Tail.  Furall.  GaUin.  (Es- 
tratH),  p,  12,  n.330,  p.  16,  n.  I'J  (1856);  Sclat.  P.Z.S.  1856, 
p.  310  (Cordova,  VeiaOruz) ;  Pek.  Orn.  Braa.  p. 203  (note, type!) 
h871)  !  G.  R.  Gr.Sand'lisI,  iii.  p.  4,  ii.  9883  (1871) ;  Lam-.  BM. 
U.8.  Nat.  Mm.  no.  4,  p.  45  (1875)  (8ta.  ESgenia);  Heine  n. 
Rrhnw.  Norn.  Mut.  Hem.  On:  p.  .^04  (Mexico)  (1890). 

'Hoamus  salini,  Schl.  P.  Z.  8.  1859,  pp.  369  (Jslapa),  302  (Playa 


Vicente) ;  G.  E.  Taylor,  Ibu,  1860,  ji.  312  (Honduras)  i  Satv.  IhUi% 
1861,  p.  3^  (Chisec,  errort),  1866,  p.  296  (PociHc  coait-te^oo  ol\ 
Gufttemnla) ;  G.  B.  Gr.  Lul  ffoffwfp  Brit.  Mm.  p.  100  (Cordova,  1 
Mexico;  Honduraa)  (1^67);  Girb.  Thri-.  Om.  iii.  p.  637  (1877)!  ' 
SumicArnri.  La  Kat.  v.  p.  229  (1B81)  (Vera  Cruz  &Tehufuitop«c) ; 
Kehrk.  J.f.  O.  1881,  p.  89  (egg-,  Yucatan) ;  Bdma.  J,f.  O.  1682, 
p.  11  {Zool.  Gart.). 

Crvpturua  BallBi,  Sclat.  ^  Salr.  Exot.  Om.  p,  89,  pi.  xlv.  (1868), 
d.  J6M,]B68,p.337;  Lawr.Ann.Lye.N.Y.vt.^.  141  (SanJori) 
(18U9)  i  Franb.  J.f.  0. 1869,  p.  374  (Esparia,  Coste  Bica) ;  Selat. 
it  SaU.  JVom.  Ar.  Nrotrop.  p.  162,  ».  il  (Mexico,  Amer.  CeDtr., 
Colombia  et  Venezuela)  (1878) ;  Salt:  Bit.  1874,  p.  328  (YucatBii 
and  Guatemala);  SimicArail,  Ball.  U.S.  Nat.  Mue.  1876,  p.  45; 
iSchlfg.  Mm.  P.-B.,  Tinami,  p.  81  (Bogota !  LandArrgt ;  Surinaai  I) 
(1880);  XeUd.  Cat.  Ac.  Cmta  Bica,  ■p.  29  (1882);  Jfuttitiff,  Ff. 
U.S.  Nal.  MvM.  \.  p.  409  (1862)  (La  Palma,  CostA  Rica) ;  Boutard, 
P.  Z.  S.  1883,  pp.  434.  462  (Yucatan)  |  Zeled.  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mtu. 
18M.  p,  112  iCoflta  Rica) ;  Feratri,  Pr.  U.S.  Nat.  Mia.  is.  p.  180 
(1886)  (Jnlapa);  ZfUd.  Ann.  Mu».  Nac.  Bep.  Coita  Xiea,  18S7, 
p.  128. 

Ciypturus  striguloeus,  Sclat.  S(  Salv.  (nee  Trmm.)  P.  Z.  S.  1869, 
pp.  i'C2,  264  (Cerro  Azul  of  Quigue,  Venezuela), 

Adult  iiiaJe.  Upper  part  of  the  head  anteriorly  brown-black, 
posteriorly  brown -diestnut  with  obsolete  blackish  bars ;  sides  of 
the  head,  including  lores,  and  sides  of  the  neck  rufescent ;  throat 
white;  lower  neck  grevish  olive-brown,  with  obaolete  dusky  linear 
bars  ;  back  olive-brown,  with  black  undulated  bsirs,  very  narrow  in 
the  interscapular  region,  ojid  gradually  becoming  broader  on  the 
lower  back  and  rump,  very  broad  on  the  upper  tail-coverta,  which 
are  croasod  also  with  pale  yellowish-buiF  hoxs :  breast  bright  mfoua, 
abdomen  paler;  sides  of  the  breast  slightly  waved  with  dua]^ 
lines;  flanks  barred  with  broader  black  bands  and  narrower  pale 
reddish  bands ;  tips  of  the  feathers  broadly  yellowish  buff;  under 
tail-covorts  baaally  black,  buff  at  the  tip,  the  intormediat*  portion 
buff  with  irregular  oblique  black  lines;  smaller  upper  wing-coverts 
like  the  hack,  the  median  and  greater  once  blackish  brown,  dis- 
tinctly barred  with  yellowish  buff;  primaries,  primary-coverts,  and 
bastard-wing  uniform  greyish  brown,  nearly  blaok ;  secondaries 
marked  with  yellowish  or  olive  on  the  outer  web,  tertials  barrod 
with  olive;  under  wing-coverts  greyish  brown,  the  inner  onea  light 
grey,  tipped  with  pale  rufescent,  the  last  row  uniform  pale  grey, 
like  the  nndcr  surface  of  quills  ;  tail-feathers  brown,  tinged  with 
olive-brown  on  the  outer  web,  and  regularly  crossed  with  several 
uarrow  rufescent  bars:  "upper  mandible  brown,  lower  mandible 
and  feet  yellow  "  (Sdater):  "  iris  brown  "  (i¥"ii«iiv/).  Total  length 
about  12  inches,  wing  6'75,  tail  2,  culmen  VO-l'l,  tarsus  1'9. 

Female.  Differs  from  the  male  in  the  greater  development  of  the 
transverse  markings,  which  in  this  sex  cover  the  top  of  the  head, 
the  front  of  the  breast,  and  the  whole  of  the  sides  of  the  body 
below. 

Yoanff,  Upper  part  of  the  head  and  nape  with  hiack  and  rufous- 
brown  bars ;  upper  parts  greyish  olive,  but  more  greyish  on  the 


I 

I 


548       ^H 

mantle,  crossed  with  black  irregular  bars ;  upper  wing-coverts  with          ^^H 

broad    black    atid    narrow    pale    yellowish    bars ;    throat    white ;           ^^H 

lower  fore  neck  and  breast  olive,  changing  into  ochreons  on  the           ^^| 

breast,  paler  on 

the  abdomen,  the  feathers  with  black  marks  sear           ^^H 

-the  tip,  those  of  the  flanks  with  broad  black  bars ;  under  tail-coverts           ^^H 

pale  fulvous,  varied  with  black. 

^^H 

Hah.  Soutben 

1  Mexico,  Central  America,  Colombia?,  and  Vene^           ^^fl 

H            zuela. 

^^H 

1           a.  .\d.ek. 

Mexico. 

Salvin-Godmau  Coll.            ^H 

■ 

(■■  T>-pe  of  Tinatnut  »allaf.  Set,)            ^^M 

■           b.  Ad.  St 

Cordova.  Mexico, 

Purchased.                             ^^H 

■           ".  ef  ad.  Bk. 

Ctita  ferme,  Mexico. 

Salvin-Godmau  GoVL          ^^M 

■           ./,e.  dad.sk. 

Vera  Oruir,  Mexico,    Nov. 

Salvin-Oodman  OolL          ^H 

■ 

(Boacard).       (Spedm.rlfig 

,  io  Exot,  Om,  pi.  xlv.)          ^^| 

■          /.  Ad.  ek. 

Aloyac,   Vera  Cruz,   April 
(D.  W.  Smith). 

Salvin-Oodman  Coll.          ^H 

H          9-2 

Plan  del  Rio.  Canton  de.Ialiipa, 
Aug,  (F.  Ferrari'Prre:). 

Salrin-Godman  Coll.            ^^| 

^M 

Coatepc,  Jalapa,  Nov.  (7>u- 

jUt«). 
Nonheni    Yucatan    (fi-   F. 

Salvin-Godmau  Coll.            ^^| 

V           t.  Ad.  sk. 

Salvin-Oodman  Coll.           ^^| 

■ 

Gmn^r). 

^^H 

W             fr-».  5  ad.  et  ad. 

■                 ak, 

0.    Ad.  Rk. 

Izauial,  Yucatan  (G.  F.  O.). 

Salvin-Godmau  Coll.           ^^1 

Peto,  Yucatan,  April  (G.  F. 

G.). 
Buctzotx,  Yucatan  April  (0. 

F.G,). 
Barranco-IIondo,  Guatemala, 

Salvin-Godman  Coll.           ^^| 

p.    Ad,  Bk. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll.           ^^| 

■.          1.9  ad.  sk. 

Salvin-Godmau  CoU.            ^H 

B 

Oct  (0.  Salvia). 

H          r.  cT  ad.  sk. 
W         ..  ?  ad.  Bk. 

Volcan  de  Agiia,  above  San 
Kego,   Guatemala,    Nov. 
(O.S.). 

Sal^in-Oodnum  Coll.           ^^| 

AUR.  (a  S.). 

Salvin-Godman  Coll.            ^^H 

H            (,  »,  „.  Ad.  sk, 

El  Zapote,   Costa   Grande, 
Guatemala  (O.  «,). 

Salvin-Godman  Coll.           ^^| 

1 

(Speciro.  H  Kg. 

in  Eiot.  Om.  pi.  xlvO             ^H 
Salvin-Godman  CoIL              ^H 

■             „:  S  «A.  ak. 

La   Libeitad,  San  Salvador, 

■ 

Febr.  ( W.  B.  liu.hard»<m). 

■             ,r,  y.  <;  ad.  et 

Volcan  de  San  Miguel,  Sap 
Salvador   (3000  feet}  (  W. 
IS.  R.). 

Salvin-Oodman  Coll.              ^1 

imm.  sk. 

^H 

3.  Ad.  «k. 

Dyson  Coll.                           .^| 

«'.  6  ad.  sk. 

Leon,  Nieoragua  (  W.  B.  It.). 

Salvin-Godmau  Coll.            ,^H 

4'-<'.  rf  $  ad.  et 

Chinandepa.  Nicaragua,  March, 

Salvin-Godman  Coll.              ^H 

i>iim.ak. 

June  (  W.  B.  ii.) 

r,,'.rf2"d.ak. 

nig.ia,April(lf,&ii.). 
Bebedero,  Nicoya,  Costa  Uii» 

Sal^-Godman  Coll.            ^H 

k; .'.  Ad.  ik. 

Salvin-Oodman  Coll.              ^H 

(Ard). 

k:  Ad.  ak. 

VeneiUHla  (^pence). 

Sslvin-Uodmiui  Coll,              ^| 

r.  S  ad.  ik. 

L 

Cerro  Azul  Guiguc,  Vene- 
zuela, Nov.  (A.  Goering). 

Salvin-Godman  CoU.                ^H 

644 


Tisiuius. 


25.  Cryptnms  boncardi. 
TinunUB  bouc&rdi,  SalU,  MS-^iSi-iaC.  P.Z.  S.  1B60,  p,  391  (OucBCft) 
Sah.  IbU,  1801,  p.  350  (Centr.  Am.),   1865.  p.  185;  G.  B.  Or. 
Lut  GalUtta  Brit.  Mm.  p.  100  (OuBtemala)  (1807);  Pets.  Om.  ] 
BroM.  p.  293  (note)  (1871) :  Gieb.  Thes.  On.  iii.  p.  635  <1877)  ff 
Sumkfira»t,  La  Nat.  v.  p.  220  (.ISSl)  (Utbto)  ;  PeU.  a.  lor.  Arm.  ] 
jiatarh.  Ho/mut.  iii.  p.  51  (1888).  ■ 

Tinamus  s«lla;i  (err.),  Sale.  Ibit,  1861,  p.  .360. 
Crj'ptunia  boucardi,  Sclai,  §■  Sale.  Exot.  Om.  p.  91,  pi.  xlvi.  (If 
Sola.  Ibii,  1870,  p.  116;  Selat.  ^  Sajo.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p. 
(Sau  Pedro,  Honiluras)  ;  tld.  Nam.  Av.  Neotrop.  p.  163,  i 
(1873);  Boucard,  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  41;  SMeff.  Mut.  P^B-i 
Tinomi,  p.  1*6  (1880) ;  Zeled.  Cat.  Av.  Coita  Eiea,  p.  29  (1882)  ;\ 
id.  Pr.  U.S.  2fal.  Mtu.  1885,  p.  112  (Costa  llica) ;  id.  A».  itf«w.l 
Nac.Btp.  Cotta  Ska,  1887,  p.  128.  T 

NothocercuH  boucanii,  G.  B.  Gr.  Hand-list,  iii.  p.  4,  no.  9884  (1871) 

Heme  u.  Bcknw.  N>mi.  Mut.  Htin.  On.  p.  304  (GiuitemrUal  (1690)-' 
Oryptiims,  ap.,  Richmond,  Pruc.  U.S.  Nat.  Mus.  xvi.  p.  526  (E8--I 
coni^do,  NicoTEkgua)  (18^3). 
Adtilt  nude.  Head,  neck,  mantle,  and  apper  breast  slaty  greyish  1 
black,  upper  part  of  the  head  blacker ;  throat  dark  grey ;  back, 
romp,  and  upper  tail-coverta  chestnut  olive-brown,  with  obsolete 
bluckiBh  at  the  tips  of  the  feathers  ;  upper  wing-coTerts  more  olivo- 
brown,  jreckled  with  irregular  black  lines  and  with  a  few  ocbreooa 
dots  on  the  edges  of  the  feathers ;  lower  breast  slaty  grey,  with  on 
ochreous  wash,  more  conspicuous  on  the  sides  of  th^  abdomen  ; 
middle  of  the  abdomen  slate-brown,  the  feathers  broadly  edged  with 
ochreous  buff;  flanks  with  black  and  oclireouB  bars,  the  tips  of  the 
feathers  ochreous  ;  under  tail-coverta  rufescent,  thickly  burred  with 
block :  bastard-wing,  primary -coverts,  and  quills  slaty  black,  the 
outer  web  of  the  tertials  Uke  the  upper  wing-coverts,  the  second- 
aries tinged  with  reddish  olive-brown  near  the  edge  of  the  outer 
web  :  tail  rufous  brown,  barred  with  black ;  upper  mandible  hom- 
black,  the  lower  pale  in  dry  ekin  ;  feet  palu  yellowish  brown. 
Total  length  about  11  inches,  wing  6-75,  culmen  1-05,  tareus  2*05. 

Female.  Similar  to  the  male,  but  paler,  and  besides  it  differs  ia  _ 
having  the  lower  back,  rump,  upper  tail-covcrts,  secondaries,  and  1 
upper  wing-coverta  strongly  banded  across  with  light  yellowish  ' 
brown. 

While  the  very  old  mole  from  Chimalapa,  lUoxico,  described  above 
has  the  throat  decidedly  dark  grey,  all  the  other  specimens  &om 
British  Honduras,  Guatemala,  and  Costa  Kica  have  the  throat 
whitish  or  even  pure  white.  J 

Hah.  Southern  Uesico,  and  Central  America,  south  to  Coat*  I 
moa.  1 


i.  cf  ad.  ak. 


Teotalcingo,S.  Mexico,  March  Salvin-Oodmon  OoU. 

{Birucar^.  (l^pe  of  specie*) 

Chiinalapa  (4000  (eet),  Te-  Salvia-Godman  ColL 

huantfpec,  Mexico,  March 

\  W.  B.  SieAardxm). 

Bntish    Honduras    {Blanca-  Salvin-God 


w). 


•Qodman  ColL  ^^^| 


3.  CKirtTKUB. 


e,/.  Ad.  St.               Chocturo,  Vera  Pai.  Guat«-  Oabort   Salvii 

main  (O.  Salvitt).  [P.l. 

g~k.  2  tid.  el  ad.     Cboctum,    CiuUmalB,    J&n.  Stuvii 

sk.  (O.  &). 

/.  Ad.  Bi.                   Cosla  Rica  (Camiofl.  Saivio-God man  Coll. 


S4& 

Esq. 
•ut-Godman  CoU. 


26.  CryptBinB  colofflbianoB. 

CrypluniB  boucwdi,  ^lal.  *  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  Iff 
Aiitioquia). 


5,  p.  I>48  (NechB. 


Malt  {adiill  ?).  Anterior  half  of  the  crowa  black,  changing  into 
chestnut  on  the  posterior  hiilf,  nape,  and  aides  of  the  noct :  mantle 
ohestnut-brown,  changing  into  oliTo-hrown  on  lower  b-ick,  rump, 
and  upper  tail-coverts,  which  are  barred  with  black,  the  upper  lail- 
oovorts  more  olivaceous  and  with  mfescent  bars  or  marks ;  upper 
wing-coverts  oJivc-brown,  with  narrow  black  bars,  the  greater  ones 
wiib  pale  fulrous  marks ;  malar  region  rufous  ;  throat  white ; 
lower  fore  Deck,  breaat,  and  abdomen  greyish  hrowD,  washed  with 
rastj ;  middle  of  the  abdomen  pale  brown,  the  feathers  broadly 
tipped  with  buff;  feathers  of  the  flanks  with  sabapical  blackish 
and  apical  buff  bare ;  under  tail-coverts  rufesceut,  barred  with 
bl&ck ;  bastard-wing,  primary- coverts,  and  quills  brown-black ; 
secondariea  with  brown  and  buff  marks  on  the  outer  web  ;  under 
wing-coverts  brown,  the  last  row  gray,  the  central  ones  greyish, 
with  whit«  edges ;  tail  olive-brown,  freckled  with  dusky  bars  :  bill 
dusky  above,  pate  below ;  feet  in  the  dry  skin  pale  yellowish. 
Total  length  about  11'5  inches,  wiog  0-6,  culmen  I'l,  tarsus  1-9. 

This  species  is  allied  to  C.  boucardi,  but,  judging  from  the  only 
specimen  known,  differs  In  having  the  hind  part  of  the  head,  the 
nape,  and  aides  of  the  head  chestnut,  the  neck  and  breast  are  without 
the  dark  slaty-grey  tinge,  the  wings  are  barred  with  black,  and  the 
atyle  of  barring  on  the  wings  is  different,  the  light  yellowish-brown 
bars  BO  conepieuous  in  the  female  of  C.  boucardi  being  absent. 

Hah,  Neobe,  Antioqaia. 


a.  S  {»d.t)ik.     Neche,  Antioquia  (T.K.i 


Salvin-Uodman  Coll. 
(Type  of  species.) 

37.  CTyptnniB  mexicanna. 

Upper  parts  olive-brown  vermiculated  with  blackish,  the  rermi- 
culatioiis  becoming  stronger  and  more  bar-like  on  the  lower  hack 
and  rump  ;  anterior  half  of  the  crown  blackish  ;  lores  and  sides  of 
the  forehead  greyish;  occiput  and  sides  of  the  head  jKiateriorly 
mfoBcent,  the  latter  paler ;  throat  pure  white,  lower  fore  neck  and 
sides  of  the  body  olive-greyish  ;  breast  clear  rafous  buff;  feathers  of 
the  abdomen  broadly  white  ut  the  tip,  before  this  a  dusky  bar  sepa- 
rates the  white  tip  from  the  brownish  base  ;  feathers  of  the  flanks 
with  brownish  subapical  bars  and  whitish  bars  at  the  tip ;  under 
tail-coverts  rufous,  barred  with  black  and  tipped  with  whitish  buff; 
upper  wing-coverts  like  the  back,  only  paler  and  more  olive  ; 
bastard- wing,  primary-coverts,  and  primaries  uniform  slate-greyisht 


i»46  rauLMOix. 

th«  Becondaries  tinged  vith  olive  on  the  edge  of  the  oater  web ; 
mai^inal  under  wing-corertB  greyish  brown,  the  last  row  pale 
gKj,  the  oentral  ones  whitish ;  tail-feathers  olive-brown,  freckled 
wiUi  brown  lines:  bill  ham-brown  above,  pale  below  ;  feet  pale 
ttom-colonr  in  dry  skin.  Total  length  about  V2  inches,  wing  7, 
taH  2-2,  cnlmen  1-1-1,  t^raus  l'8-l-9. 

Female.  Similar  to  that  of  C.  cirmanumietaf  but  not  so  brightly 
rufous  vinooB  on  the  occiput  and  nape,  and  not  barred  with  black 
on  the  lower  fore  neck  and  aides  of  the  breast ;  besides  it  differs  in 
hanng  the  tail-feathers  barred  only  ou  tbe  inner  web. 

Tounff  male.  Less  black  on  the  forehead  and  less  rufesceut  on  the 
occiput ;  tbe  breast  more  greyish  olive ;  upper  parts  more  olive  and 
more  strongly  barred  with  black;  the  upper  wing-covorts  with 
broad  pale  buff  edges,  especially  the  greater  ones. 

JIab.  North-eastern  Mexico. 

a-d.  <i  2  sd.  sk.    Tampico,  E.  Mexico,  Feb.,    Salvin-Godmiui  Coll. 

June  ( W.  B.  Ridiardton). 
e.  Ad.  ak.  TamauUpas,  Mexico  ( W.  B.    Salvio-Godman  Coll. 

it). 
^,y.  cf  ad.  fit         Sieira  Sladie,  above  Ciudad    Salvin-Oodman  ColL 
1UV.  ak.  Victoria,  TamauUpas  ( W. 

B.SX 
A,  i.  Ad.  ak.  Hadenda  de   loa    Atlixcoa,    Salvin-Oodmen  Coll. 

Mexico,  March  (F.  D.  God- 

Jt.  (f  ad.  ak.  Monte  Verde,  Mexico,  June.    Salvin-Godmaa  CoU.^ 

(Types  of  speciea.) 

28.  Cryptonu  ocddentalis,  sp.  n. 

P  Nothocewus  aallasi,  Lawr.  Mem.  Sott.  Soc.  Jf.  H.  ii.  p.  307  <18741 
(Mazatlau)  {nee  Botup.). 


547 

"  Supra  ochrawus,  dorao  toto  et  alia  eitos  nigro-tranafasdatU, 
service  postica  murino-brunnea ;  pileo  nigro,  oohraceo-bmnneo 
taranafasciato ;  snpercilua,  gola,  ot  abdomice  medio  olbis ;  cemce 
ima  et  pectore  g^risois  :  bypochoadrilH  et  tectricibns  caudiE  inferiori- 
bus  cervioig,  nigro  transfafuiiatis ;  rostro  comeo,  mandibala!  basi 
fiavic&Dt«,  pedibus  flavis :  long,  tota  12,  el(c  6'2,  caudx  2*1,  tard 
2-9  •(an  potiua  1-9?),  rostri  a  rictu  1-5"  (SaJviiitt  Sdattr). 

Nab.  Weatem  Ecuador. 

The  type  of  tliis  Crupturut  was  obtained  at  Banta  Rosa,  Ecuador, 
by  Prof,  i^teere.  I  add  the  deacriptJon  of  a  bird  which  I  think 
belongs  to  the  same  species :  — 

Upper  parta  black,  barred  with  ochreouB  ;  upper  part  of  (he  head 
irregiilarly  barred  with  rnfous  cheatnot  and  black ;  forehead  whitiBh 
with  black  marks  ;  superciliary  band,  lores,  throat,  and  lower  parts 
■whitish;  posterior  part  of  the  cheeks  and  ear-corerts  chestnut; 
lower  neck  and  breaat  tinged  with  dull  greyish  ;  mantle  dull  chest- 
nut barred  with  black  ;  light  bars  of  rump  and  upper  tail-coverta 
rafescent :  sides  and  flanks  pale  buff,  with  orescentic  black  bars ; 
under  tail-oovcrts  buff,  with  black  bars  towards  the  base ;  baatard- 
wing  and  primaries  uniform  greyish  brown  ;  sccoudaries  with  buff 
bar-like  marks  on  the  outer  web ;  under  wing-coverts  dark  grey, 
the  last  row  light  grey,  the  central  ones  whitish :  tail  regularly 
barred  with  black  and  rufous  buff:  bill  in  dry  skin  horn-brown. 
lower  mandible  pale ;  feet  yellowish.  Total  length  about  10  inches, 
wing  6,  tail  2,  oulmen  1'05,  tarsus  I'So. 


a.   A.d.  sk.         BalzttT  Mou 


illliii^a^rili ). 


W.  Ecuadoi:         Sslvin-Oodman  Coll. 


bhthchotus. 


Tfpe 

E,  nifesc 


RhynchotuB.  S^t,  Avei  Urai.  ii.  p.  60  (1825)  . .  . 

Nothurufl.  Sto.  C/rtM.^.ii.  p.  .146(1837)  R.  rufeseens. 

Rhyncfaoti^.  Srinb.  Si/n.  Av.,  GalUnuceie,  t.  287.  fl.  1679- 
80  (1848)  (  =  Iiliyn'dioms). 

Range,  ^tith  America  cast  of  the  Andes,  from  Brazil  and  Bolivia 
to  the  Argentine  Republic. 


I 


Keij  to  the  Spenet. 

a.  Neck  and  brenat  uniform  rufous,  more  or  leas 

bri(tht rt^accHt,  p.  548. 

b.  Neck  rufous  with   longitudinul   block   streaks ; 

middle  of  the  breast  with  deep  rufous  erescantic 

marks  maeuUeollU,  p.  550. 


■  The  Buthon  in  tlieir  mnorks  coneembg  ibii  Bpeoici  laj  thut  in  site  it 
approaches  C.  talUti,  to  thai  it  i(  quite  ofident  thnt  ihe  tarsus  csnnot  bare  the 
Ututh  of  2'^  incliei,  wbiah  is  Kldom  lo  be  found  cieu  in  the  Isrger  meuibers 
9f  Oia  gonuB  Tinamni. 


1.  Bhyncfaotne  rafeKenB. 

InMnbii  guMii.  ^m™,  Apunt.  iii.  p.  34,  u.  32G  (lSOr>). 

TinamitB  lufescenn,  Tefimi.  Fig.  et  GaUin.  iii.  pji,  S52,  T 
tiff.  Pf.  Col  412  (ISitl) ;  u^  3>id.,  genre  Tinamou,  sp.  1  (18^ 
Leu.  Man.  iTOm.  ii.  p.  203  (1828) ;  id.  Did.  Sc.  Nat.  lix.  i 
(18E0) ;  id.  Compl.  dr  Buff.,  Oil.  2nd  ed.  p.  237  (1838);  7 
PL  Coi.  i.  TaU.  Mm.  p.  87  (1839)  ;  SoUe,  J.  f.  O.  1866,  b 
(Zwl.  G«d.) ;  Gulliver.  P.  Z.  S.  1875,  p.  488 ;  Gieb.  Tka.  Om.  ii 
p.  637  (syn.  emend,)  (1877). 

Cryptura  gusKU,  VieiU.  JV.  2).  uijut.  p.  103  (1819)  (ej-  Asiara). 

TinarauB  g\avta,  VieiU.  Enc.  MHk.  i.  p.  370  ( ]820j. 

CryptHTUB  nifeacvne,  ZtcM.  rVrz.  DovU.  p.  67,  a.  702  (Sbs  Paulo) 
(1823) ;  Dm-w.  ZooL  '  Beagle;  iii.  £iW«,  p.  120  (1841) ;  Thienem. 
Fortnfiatiz.  p.  34,  t.  v.  f.  6  (1846). 

Bhrnctotus fsaciatiia,  !^3;At!e$Brat.  ii.  p.  60,  t.  76a  (Sun  Paiiloet 
MinM  Oeraea)  (1825) ;  iew.  Tr.  d'Om.  p.  ol5  (sva.  eraeDd.)  (1831). 

RhTnchotUH  mfesceDS,  Wagl.  Syit.  Av.,  gen.  iRhvncliotuB,  ap.  I 
(1837)  1  H.  Im»,  1829,  p.  747 ;  G.  K.  Or.  Gen.  B.'m.  p.  526,  n.  1 
(1844) ;  id.  Liat  B.  Bnt.  Mas.  iii.  p.  62  (1844) ;  Bartl.  Ind.  Azar. 
Apunt.y.  21,  n.  326  (1847);  iJcht.  Norn.  Av.  p.  87  (18S4): 
Bunn.  Th.  Brai.  iii.  p.  327  (1800} ;  Sp.  Compt.  Bend,  ilii,  p.  881. 
n.  317  (1856);  id.  Ta&l.  ParaU.  GaUin.  (.Ertrfld),p.  J2,  n.  336 
(1866)  i  Barm.  J.  f.  O.  1858,  p.  161,  1860,  p.  259 ;  id.  La  PUOa- 
Heiie,  ii.  p.  498  (Pareiifi,  Rosario,  Tucumaa)  (1861) :  <^-  -B-  ^r. 
List  GaUinm  Brit.  Afui.  p.  102  (Maldonado)  (1867) ;  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S. 
1869, p. 638 (breeding);  Jteinlt.  Vid.Medd.  nalurk.  Poren.  EjiibenA. 
1870,  p.  61  (Minaa  Geraes) ;  ftfa.  Om.  Bras.  p.  294  (Wattodentro, 
Campo  von  Tatutuba,  Campo  bei  3.  iotA,  Ypanema,  Ytaiu^, 
pp.^,lvi(1871);  Nathta.  Zn(«cAr.  www.  Zooi.  xxi.  pp.848,  364, 
t.  %xn.  ff.  13, 13  (egK  structure)  (1871) ;  G.  S.  Or.  Hand-Uit,  iii. 
p. 6,  n.  9896  (1871);  Sund.  Melh.Hot.  Av.  di»n.  Tent.  p.  119  (1872) ; 
ijjer/.  Ibu.  1872,  p.  77 ;  Hadi.  ^  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1872,  p.  546  (Buenoa 
Ayres) ;  id.  Ibis,  1873,  p.  131  (note) ;  Garrod,  P.  Z.  S.  1873, 
p.  476  (carotids),  p.  642  (muscles) ;  Selaf.  ^  Salt.  Kom..  A«. 
Neotrop.  p.  153,  n.  1  (1873) ;  Ciib.  J.  f.  0.  1874,  p,  95  (breeding, 
Zool.  (lard.);  Alix,JoutTi.  2bo/.T,pp,411, 112 (myology)  (1876); 
Lhimf.  Ibu,,  1877,  p.  203;  Forbet,  P.  Z.S.  1877,  p.  307  (bursa 
Fabncii);  Nathiu.  J./.  O.  1879,  p.  268  (ew) ;  Oib^m,  Ibis,  1880, 
p.  167 ;  Schleg.  Mm.  P.-B.,  Tinami,  p.  SB  (1880) ;  Forbet,  IbU, 
1881,  p,  360  (N.E.  Brazil);  S<dv.  Cat.  B.  SricW.  CoU.  p.  641, 
n.  3114  (1882) ;  Datijleiih,  Pr.  R.  Phyi.  Soc.  Edmb.  \\.  p.  232 
(Centr.  Uruguay)  (1882) ;  Sdat.  Lilt  Vert.  An.  8tli  ed.  p.  546 
(1863)  (Zool.  Gard,);  Barrowt,  Auk,  1884,  p.  313  (Entrerice, 
Lower  Uruguay);  Bateman,  The  Field,  23rd  Feb.  1884,  and  12th 
Bept.  1886  (introduced  into  Essex) ;  Bedd.  P.  Z.  S.  1886,  p.  844 
{Tisteral  anatomv) ;  Berl.  J.f.  O.  1887,  p.  127,  n.  363 ;  J.  Nem. 
Enc.  Brit.  9th  eL  xxiii.  p.  403,  with  cut  (1888)  ;  Bartaig,  E^iex 
Nat.  1888,  pp.  102-109,  cut;  cf.  /.  c.  p.  206  (introduced  into- 
Essex) ;  Wtlhington,  IbU,  18^,  p.  473  (Lomas  de  Zamora) ; 
Bvrm.  Anal.  Mut.  Nae.  Butn.  Air.  iii.  p.  245  (Bahia  Blanca) 
(1888);  Sdat.  ^  Huds.  Argent.  Orn.  ii.  p.  2(K)(1880);  TriUr.Cat. 
Call.  B.  p.  2  (1889);  Sdat.  Ibi$,  1890,  p.  82  (quintocututaj) ; 
Seine  u.  Bchniv.  Nom.  Miu.  Sein.  Om.  p.  304  (flraail)  (1890): 
Evani,  Ibit,  1891,  p.  83  (incubation)  i  Frerael,  J.  f.  O.  1891^ 
p.  123 ;  Berl.  ibid.  p.  363 ;  Sharpe,  G,t.  Osteol.  Specim.  S.  C.  S.  yf 
p.  414  (1891J  ;  HarCert,  Eat.  Voffe/iamml.  p.  306,  n.  SOW  (ISBU 


4.   EHrNOBOTUS. 


548 


O.  Ear,  Ibis,  1882,  p.  151  (Lower  Pilcomavo) ;  Holland,  t.  c.  p.  314 
(Argentine) ;  AUen,  BuU.  Amer.  Mut.  N.  H.  t.  pp.  151, 158  (Matto 
Orosso,  ere)  (18513) ;  A^n,  Uit,  189J,  p.  212 ;  Ekaum.  Bull.  Brit. 
Om.  Cub,  no.  xxviii.  p.  xlii  (breediDe  at  'BOravelandJ  (1806). 

Noihuros  rufosceiiB,  Sto.  CIom.  B.  ii.  p.  346  (1837). 

KbTnchotis  nifeacens,  Rchnb.  Si/n.  Av.,  Onllinacefe,  t,  287.  S,  1579- 
ftl  (1848) ;  BartL  P.  Z.  S.  1867.  p.  687  (breediog),  1868,  p.  114, 
pi.  xii.  f.  1  (chick),  f.  3  (egp) ;  Ed.  IbU,  1873,  p.  131  (pote) ; 
Sorby,  P.  Z.  8.  1875,  pp.  357,  361  (e^g) ;  Vurnf.  IbU,  1876,  p.  136 
(Aiventine) ;  Withmgton,  Ibia,  1888,  p.  473  (LoniM  de  Zamora)  j 
»dat.  ibid. ;  id.  Jbis,  1894,  p.  453. 

Rhynchotes  rufesceos,  Mairet,  Bidl.  Soe.  Acclim.  1671,  p.  694 
(breeding  in  confinement). 

Adult.  Head,  neck,  and  breast  rufoua,  upper  part  of  the  head 
Wack,  the  feathers  more  or  less  edged  wnh  rufous  ;  a  dusky  narrow 
stripe  from  the  corner  of  the  mouth  to  the  ear-coverts  ;  throat  pale 
rufous,  nearly  whit* ;  haek,  rump,  upper  tail-coverts,  and  upper 
wing-coverts  pale  greyish  brown,  with  broadish  black  bars  and 
others  Darrower,  whitish  ;  lower  fianks  and  abdomea  greyish,  with 
brown  and  whitish  bars,  tho  latter  somewhat  narrower ;  bastard- 
wing,  primary-coverts,  and  quills  uniform  bright  oinnamon'rufoua  ; 
t«rtials  greyish,  barred  with  brown  and  buff :  under  wingHuverts 
uniform  rufous  ;  tail  grey,  with  black  and  whitish  bars,  the  latter 
much  narrower.  Total  length  14-17  inches,  wing  8-9,  tail  2-5- 
2'75,  culmen  1'6-1'7,  tarsus  2-3-2'5, 

Female.  Similar,  but  lar^r. 

TouTig  in  doiott.  Head  and  neck  rufescent,  with  longitudinal 
black  stripes ;  sides  of  the  head  and  throat  whit« ;  upper  parts 
stliped  with  white  and  black  ;  lower  parts  white. 

It  seems  that  there  are  three  or  four  sufficiently  distinct  races: — 

1st.  A  Southern  one  from  the  Argentine  llepublic:  very  little 
rufous  on  the  neck  and  not  at  all  on  tho  breast ;  the  black  bars 
much  broader  and  quite  distinct  on  the  flanks.  Tho  birds  from 
Uruguay  are  similar  but  more  rufons  on  the  neek. 

2nd.  A  Southern  Brazilian  race,  has  the  neck  decidedly  mfous, 
and  this  colour  covers  abo  the  upper  part  of  the  breast :  the  black 
bars,  especially  in  the  Matto  Grosso  birds,  are  much  narrower. 

3rd.  A  Bahia  rai«,  similar  to  the  second,  but  with  no  black  bars 
whatever  on  the  flanks ;  also  on  the  under  tail-coverts  and  tail- 
"fcathers  there  is  scarcely  a  trace  of  them,  while  the  whitish  ban 
are  present. 

JIab.  Argentine  Itepublic,  Uruguay,  Paraguay,  Bolivia  (?),  and 
Brazil,  as  far  north  as  Bahia. 

o,«,e.  Ad,st.        Bimil.  Lord  Stuart  deHoth- 

et  sk-  sav  [P.]. 

.d.  Ad.  sk.  Interior    of    Bolivia     (P !)  Eyton  Coll, 

(fll%M). 

«,/.  rf  ?  id,  sk.     Nt*r    Paysandu,    Uruguay,        Alan  Peel,  Esq.  [P.} 

Auff. 
ff.  Ad.  St,  Maldonado.  Sir   \V.   Burnett    ft 

Capt.  FltKroy  [P.]. 


660  TiHAinDA. 

A.  Ad.  alt.  Montevideo  (Jobutoti).  SeWin-Oodmaii  ColL- 

i.  S  ftd.  Bk.  BueDos  Ajren.  Aug.  {F.  WitK-  Sdatei  ColL 

iTiglon). 

k.  Jut.  «k.  Bred  in  captiTitj.  Zool.  Soc. 

/,  m,  n.  Pull.  Bt.    Red  in  c»pli«^  (Bartlat).  Zool.  Soc. 

o,p.  Skeletons.  Zool.  Soc. 

Soaih  Bra::3ian  met. 
q.  2  ad.  ek.  Ytarart,  BraBl.Feb.  {Nalterer).     Sahin-Godman  Coll. 

r.i.  <S  i  Bd.  ak.    Chap&da,  Mntto  Grosso,  Mav,    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Aug.  {H.  H.  Sm»"(A). 

Bahian  rate. 
t.  Ad.  Bk.  Bahis,  fiiuU  ( Wue^rer).  SBtvin-Godmiui  CoU. 

2.  ElirnchotnB  macolicollu.    (Tlate  XIV.) 

PNocthum,  ap,,  Bridga,  P.  Z.  S.  184C,  p.  0. 

Rhynchotue  muculicollis,  G.  R.  Gr.  Lht  GaUina  Brit.  Mut.  p.  102 
(Bolivia')  (1807)  ;  id.  Sand-lut,  iii.  p.  5,  n.  »896  (1871} ;  Sdat.  ^ 
Salr.  A'om.  Av.  Xeolrop.  p.  163,  n.  2  {187;i) :  iid.  F.  Z.  S.  1879, 
p.  642  (Bolivia)  ;  Schkg.  Mtu.  P.-B.,  Tiuami,  p.  38  (Bolivia, 
Ji'Orbifftai)  (1880). 

Tinamue  maculicollis,  Oi^.  The*.  Om.  ui.  p.  030  (1877). 

{l^pe}.  Size  of  the  larger  specimens  of  E.  rtifaeent,  but  differs 
in  having  longitudinal  brown  atroaks  on  the  neck,  very  prominent 
weecentic  marks  of  a  deep  rufoue  on  the  middle  of  the  breast,  black 
and  buff  crescentic  marks  on  the  sides  of  the  same,  and  the 
abdomen  and  thighs  of  a  very  pale  bu£F-white,  not  greyish  as  in 
a.  ru/«K«n«,  and  without  any  marks.  Total  length  about  16  inches 
wing  8-25,  culmen  I'lJS,  tarsus  2-1. 


O.   ITOTBOPUOCU. 


Key  to  tite  Speoite. 

a.  Featbersofthebadcdiatmctly  nriped  withnhita 

OQ  the  ndsB, 
a'.  Outer  prim&rieB  barred  also  on  the  inner  web.     facainotcgkii,'p.66l. 
b'.  Outer  prim&ries  not  barred  on  the  inner  neb, 
whicE  is  uniform, 
a".  Breast  grey. 

a'".  Under    wing^«verls    regulorlv   barred 

witli  whitish  buQ'and  greyish  brown  ; 

breast  thickly  spotted  with  whil«    . .     ctTierateeiu,  p.  552. 

6'".  Under  wing-coverts  not  regularly  barred. 

a'.  Outer  W6D  of  the  secondiiries  distinctly 

rufouB,  barred  with  brown. 

a'.  Upper  parts  dull  grefish,  the  mesial 

port  of  the  feathers  of  the  back 

much  blacker    perdiearia,  p.  oG3t 

6'.  Upperpartflof afinergrey,them6siftl 

Ct  of  the  feathers  of  thu  back 
black  coyuintbica,  p.  654. 

bK  Outer   web   of    the    secondaries    not 
nifoua,  but  brown,  barred  with  m- 

fescent  or  whitish  buff pentlandi,  p.  555. 

b".  Breast  Bud  abdomen  nifescent cvrmroslris,  p.  556, 

b.  Feathers  of  the  back  not  diBtinctly  striped  with 

white  OD  the  aides ;  breast  greVi  abdomen  ru- 
fescent ;  radii  of  the  upper  tsil-covertG  rather 
long  and  disconnei^led. 
r'.  Xjuger,     wing     77     inches ;     upper    wing- 
covens  with  brooder  barrings oniata,  p,  557. 

(t.  Smaller,  wing  7  inches ;  upper  wing-coverts 

with  narrower  barrings brauickii,  p.  658, 


I .  Nothoprocta  taczanowakii. 

Nothoprocta  taeiMiowskii,  Selat.  ^  Sale.,  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1674,  p.  664 
(Mnraynioc.  C.  Peru>  :  Selal.  4-  Satr.  t.  c.  pp.  079,  680,  pi.  Uxiiv, 
(Peru) ;   Taet.  Orn.  Fir.  iii.  p.  304,  Tabie»,  p.  107  (1885). 

Nothoprocta  gndmani,  Tact.  Om.  Pir.  iii.  p.  305  (iinmat.  bird, 
Cbachupata)  (1866). 

Adult  male.  Head  dark  greyish,  changing  into  lead-grey  00  the 
lover  fore  neck  and  breast  -,  feathers  of  the  crown  black,  edited  with 
white  and  tipped  with  brown  :  feathers  of  the  back  broadly  black 
on  the  middle,  with  a  wliitieh  longitudinal  stripe  on  each  side, 
irregularly  barred  with  brownish  grey  across  the  middle  and  at  the 
tip  ;  upper  tail-coverts  irregularly  barred  with  white  and  variegated 
with  bliick ;  cheeks  variegnt«d  with  black ;  throat  dirty  white, 
feathers  of  the  lower  fore  neck  with  two  white  spots,  which  on  the 
feathers  oF  the  breast  become  confluent  and  are  aurrounded  with 
black;  lower  breast,  sides,  and  flanks  whitish  brown,  with  gre3riBh 
bars,  edged  with  a  narrow  block  line ;  middle  of  the  breast  and  of 
the  abdomcQ  and  under  tsil-covertA  whitish  ;  upper  wing-coverts 
brown,  with  irregular  black  marks  and  irregular  bulF  ban;  pri- 


552  rmiiiwx. 

maries  black,  with  white  marks  on  the  outer  web  and  buff  bats  on 
the  inner  one ;  eecondajies  barred  with  buff,  and  edged  with  whitiah 
buff  on  the  out«r  web  ;  under  wing-coverta  brown,  with  buff  raarka, 
which  on  the  greater  ones  become  more  bar-like  :  bill  brown,  with 
the  lower  mandible  yellowish  at  the  base ;  feet  yellow  ;  iris  dark 
brown.  Total  length  about  13  inches,  wing  7'4,  culmen  1'62, 
tiirsufl  I'S.     {Mut.  Brariick-i.) 

ImiMiturt  titale.  Much  browner  above,  the  bars  and  tips  of  the 
feathers  of  the  back  being  brown  with  no  grey  ;  no  lead-grey  colour 
on  the  lower  fore  neck  and  breast,  where  the  feathers  are  brown 
and  have  a  black  spot  and  white  stripea  on  the  aides ;  sides  and 
flanka  pale  brown,  each  feather  with  a  black  spot ;  throat,  middle 
of  the  breast,  and  abdomen  whitish ;  upper  wiiig-coverts  like  the 
feathers  of  the  back,  only  paler ;  marka  and  bars  on  the  quills  more 
fulvous.     Size  smaller  than  the  adult :  wing  6'S,  culmen  1'5. 

Hah,  Central  and  Southern  Peru. 

a.  (J  imnuak.         Cbachiipala,  11,000  feet,  S.         Salvia .Godmnn  CoU.  I 

Peru,  Sept.  (//.   Whitely).  (T\-pe    of    Noth»'\ 

procta  godmani,  Tac2.)  T 

2.  Hothoprocta  cuLBraflcens. 

NothuracinerascBDs,  iiurm.  J./.  0. 1860,  p.  269(Tucuman)j  id.  La 
Plata-Eeue,  ii.  p.  498  (Cordova,  Tueuman)  (1881) ;  Schlm.  Mut, 
P.-B.,  Tinami,  p.  40  (note)  (syn.  emend.)  (1 880) ;  Sah.  Ibu,  1880, 
p.  364  (Tueuman) ;   White,  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  43  (Cordova). 

TinamuB  cinerascens,  Gieb.  Thea.  Orn.  iii.  p.  635  (1877). 

Nothoprocta  cmeniHcens,  Oih.  J.  f.  0.  1878,  p.  108  (Argentine) ; 
Sclat.  >5-  JIud,.  Argtnt.  Om.  ii.  p.  210  (1889) ;  Fraa.  J./.  O.  1891, 
p.  124 ;  Salvad.  Bull.  Mm.  Zool.  ed  Anat.  Camp.  Tor.  x  no,  208, 
p.  34  (Salts)  (1895).  J 

Adult  male.  Upper  parts  greyish,  irregularly  barred  with  bUck,  I 
-each  feather  o£  the  back  with  two  whitish  stripes  between  the  grey  1 
lateral  edges  and  the  mesial  darker  portion ;  upper  tul-coverts 
irregularly  barred  with  black,  greyish  brown,  and  whitish  :  a  rather 
broad  greyish  superciliary  stripe ;  cheeks  white,  thickly  spotted 
with  black,  throat  white  ;  neck  variegated  with  blackish  and  white 
spota ;  breast  grey,  freckled  with  irregular  dusky  linos,  and  orna- 
mented with  roundish  white  spots,  more  or  less  surrounded  witii 
dusky ;  abdomen  white ;  sides,  flanks,  and  under  tail-ooverta 
whitish,  with  broadish  irr^ular  brown  bars ;  quills  blackish,  with 
whitish  marks  on  the  outer  web,  secondaries  regularly  barred  with 
pole  buff  on  the  outer  web ;  under  wing-coverts  regularly  barred 
with  whitish  buff,  the  last  or  greater  row  uniform,  grey :  "  bill 
slate,  under  mandible  and  legs  light  slate ;  iris  orange-red  "  (Dum- 
ford),  or  "amber "  (WAiVe).  Total  length  12-6  inches,  wing  7-4, 
culmen  I'l,  tarsus  1'6. 

Female.  Similar  to  the  male,  hut  browner  on  the  upper  parto, 
beeidos  the  markinp  are  ooarser  and  the  white  spots  on  the  breast 
more  bar-like  ;  size  somewhat  larger. 


5.   fiOtBOPBOCTA. 

Sp    imen'c  from  Tucumon,  peifaapa 
MDiewhat  browner  above. 

Hail.  Weatern  Argentine  RepnUid. 

a-  6  »d.  ak.        Oosquin,  Cordo?»,  Argent,  Rep.      Salvin-Godmwi  Call, 

[E.  W.  JVhite). 
b.  $  ad.  sk.         Viciiiitj'  of  Mendou  (Let/bold).        SaJTin-Godman  Coll. 
-c,  Inunat  (?)  sk.  Tucum'oa,  June,  H.    Durnford,    Esq. 

[C.]. 

3.  Kothoprocta  perdic&ria. 

Tetrao  perdii,  Molina  (nw  Linn.),  Sags-  ^^i"-  ^'''^-  <^'''  <^^  ^■)' 

p.  218  (1776). 
Cmtturu*  perdicariue,  Kittl.  Mlm.  rfw  San.  UToag.  i.  (1833)  p.  192, 

t.  12 ;  NiUhwi.  J.f.  O.  1878,  p.  2,W  (etnr), 
Nocthura  perdicaria.  Frater,  P.  Z.  S.  1843,  p.   115 ;  Sridgtt,  ibid. ; 

id.P,Z.S.  1846,  p,  9  (Chili), 
Nothura  perdicaria,  6.  S.  Gr.  List  B.  Brit.  Mm.  iii.  p.  53  (part.. 

specim.  fi,  c)   (1844) ;   Yarrell,  P.  Z.  S.  1847,  p.  53  (egg) ;  Dtt 

M«rt  in  Gay,  HiO,  dt  CktU,  i.  p.  392  (1848) ;  HarU.  Naumannia, 

1853,  p.  221  i   Cau.  U.S.  Eifd.  Emd.  ii.  Birdt,  p,  192  (1868) ; 

HaHi.  J.f.  0.  1B57,  p^  39;  Germ.  Pr.  Boat.  Soc.  N.  H.  vii  1860, 

p.  312;  &■*%.  jifiu.  P.-*.,Tiii(nni,  p.  40(1880). 
TinarauB  perdicariue,  HarU.  Sy$t.  Ven..  Oft.  Mia.  p.  105  (1844). 
Bhynchotua  perdii,  O.  R.   Gr.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  525,  n.  2  (1844);  Bp. 

Compt.  Bend.  xlii.  p.  881.  n.  318  (1856);  Sciar.   P.Z.S.  1860, 

p.  07  (part.,  Chili) ;  Pel^  Seite  Novara,  Vog.  p.  113  (18(16). 
BhynchotiB  perdii,  Rchnh.  Sun.  Av.,  Gallinacwe,  t  287.  ft'.  1581-82 

(1848). 
P  Nothura  punctiilata,  Del  Mur*  in  Gay,  JIi»t.  de  CkiU,  i.  p.   391 

(1848)  i  Bp.  Compi.  Rend.  xlii.  p.  O&j  (1856) ;  id.  Taht.  ParaU. 

OaUin.  (lUiract),  p.  12,  n.  339,  p.  26  (1866) ;  Sdaf.  P.  Z.  S.  1867, 

p.  331 ;  cf.  ScJal.  ^  Sate.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  642:  Waugh  j-  LataOe. 

Ad.  Soe,  Sc.  Chili,  W.  p.  Isxiviii,  n.  28  (Peuaflor)  (1894). 
BhTDchotua  veidicuiaa,  Lieht.  Norn.  Av.  p.  87  (1854);  Bp.  Tabt- 

Parail.  Gailin.  (Ex-trad),  p.  12,  n.  337,  p.  20  (1856) ;  O.  R.  Gr. 

Lilt  QaUina  Brit.  Mut.  p.  103,  n.  4  (1867) ;  Scht.  P.  Z.  S.  1887, 

pp.  331,  339  (Chili) ;  Peb.  Orn.  Bras.  p.  294  (note)  (1871) ;  O.  R. 

Gr.  Hand-list,  iU.  p.  6,  n.  9898  (1871) ;  NaOiui.  Zeilsehr.  leit*. 

Zool.  nti.  pp.  349-364,  t.  uti.  ff.  14. 16, 16  (efrR  aljuclure)  (1871) ; 

Selat.  Lia  Vert.  An.  8th.  ed.  p.  547  (1883)  (Zool.  Gard.) ;  Heine 

u.  Rehnur.  Nom.  Mus.  Hein.  Orn.  p.  304  (Vnlparaiao)  (1890). 

!.._.,  ..._   .__..___:.._     n.    j.^^    ParaU.  Gailin.  p.  10  (genaric 


Bhjmcbotes  pefdicarius,  J 

Wpe)  {1856). 
P  Rnj^cbolus  punctulatua, 


.ihynchotus  punctulatua,  Selat.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  339;  PhUmpi, 

P.  Z  S.  1868,  p.  532  (var.  of  R.  perdicariut). 
NothuruB  perdicarius,  Sund.  Meth.  lutl.  Ar.  disp.  Tent.  p.  119  (1873). 
Hothoprocta  perdiearia,  Selat.  ^  Salv.  Nam.  Av.  Umirop.  p.   153, 

n.  1  (1873);  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  680;  Siilv.  Cat.  B.  Slrieil.  ColL 

p.  041,  n.  3117  (1882) ;  Sdat.  Ibis,  1800,  p.  83  (quintocubilal)  ; 

Hartert,Kat.  Vogdatmrni.  p.  20B,  n.  3100(1891);  Berk.  Jama, 

New  Lia  Chil.  B.  y.  14,  n.  2fl3  (1892). 
'HnamuB  perdix,  Oieb.  Tha.  Orn.  iii.  p.  638  (1877). 
?  Nolhoprocta  punctulata,  Selat.  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  4(ll  (Chili). 

Adult.  Qeacnil  upper  plutnage  greyish  brown ;  featliers  of  the 


Sd4  TsxauvM. 

pileum  blackish  in  the  middle ;  each  feather  of  the  back  broadly 
edged  with  giey  oa  both  eidea,  and  with  two  whitiah  stripea 
Iwtween  the  K'^y  latreral  edge  and  the  dark  meaial  pordon, 
the  latter  mostly  black  with  irregular  greyish-brown  bars  ;  throat 
and  middle  of  the  abdomen  whitish  with  a  buffiah  tinge ;  lower 
fore  neck,  breast,  and  sides  grey,  on  the  sides  of  the  breast  some 
feathers  are  like  those  of  tho  upper  parts ;  npper  wing-coverta  like 
the  hack,  only  the  dark  mesial  portion  narrower ;  primaries  grey, 
T^:ularly  spotted  with  whitish  on  the  outer  web;  secondaries  brown^ 
with  rufoos  ban  on  the  outer  web,  the  inner  web  unifonn  brown  ; 
under  wing-ooverte  pale  brown  tinged  with  rufous,  the  last  row 
pure  grey  :  bill  in  dry  skin  dusky,  the  base  of  the  lower  mandible 
pale ;  feet  pale  hom-colour.  Total  length  about  12  inches,  wing 
6*6,  culmen  1,  tarsus  1'5. 

Ymmg  in  down.  Upper  parts  vaiit^ted  with  pale  brown  and 
black,  and  conspicuouiily  striped  with  white,  some  feathers  haviDg 
the  narrow  apical  portion  entirely  white,  while  others  have  doll 
greyiah  bases,  the  subapical  portion  black,  and  tho  tips  mfescent ; 
sides  of  the  head  huffish  white,  with  some  black  marks  near  the 
eai-corerta ;  throat  pure  white :  remainder  of  the  lower  parts 
whitish,  with  some  dusky  marks  showing  through  the  tips.  {Santiago, 
Mm.  Turin.) 

Hah.  Northern  and  Central  Chili. 

a.  ad.  St.  Chili.  Lieut.  Mawe,  II.N.  [P.], 

b.  a  "d.  sk.  Ctiili.  SalTin-Oodman  CoU. 
e.  PuU.  sL  ChiU.  Purchased. 
d.  Ad.  sk.  Central  Chili.  H.  iterkeley  James,  Esq.  [ 
a,/.  <;  S  ad.  ak.  Maquehua,Cbili,Aug.  H.  Berkeley  James,  Esq.  [ 
y.  Pull.sk.  KioBueno,  ChiU,  Feb.  H.  Berkeley  James,  Eeq.£ 
A.  Ad.  St.  Valpamifo.  Sir  W.  Burnett  &  Capt,  Fitzroy 


m 


5.  KoinopRociA.  i 

a.  2  ad.  Bt.  Coquimbo,  Dhili.  Sir  W.  Buraett  &  Capt 

^  FiUroT  rP.]. 

4.  d  ad.  sk.  C»quimbo.  June  [Jir.  Voy.  of  H.M.S.  '  Alert.' 

Coj/pmger). 

e.  d  ad.  ak.         Coquimbo,  Juoe  (Dr.  Saltin-Godmau  Coll. 

Coppingtr).  (Types  of  species.) 


5.  Nothoprocta  pentlandl.    (Piute  XVI.  •) 
PNothura  punctukia,  lip.   (n>-c  ZVd  Mart)    Tab!,   thrall-   Oalkn. 

{El-tract),  p,   12,  n.  3.*(9,  p.  -20  (pftrt..  Bolivia)  (166(1);  ?  Sehl^. 

Mut.  P.-B.,  Tinami,  p.  41  (Chili)  (ie«0). 
PNotliunicurviros»ie,il/>.  in  Mm.  Lnffd. ;  id.  Tabl.  ParaU.  GaUm. 

(Extract),  p.  12  (18-3tt)  (ttomai  nudum). 
P  RhYuchotUB  puQCtulatus,  G.  R.  Gr.  (nte  De»  Murt)  Liif  OaUauB 

Brit.  Miu.  p.  103  (Bolivian  Andes)  (1867) ;  id.  Haad-liit,  iii.  p.  6 

n.  9900  (1871). 
Rhyncbotus  pentlandii,  G.  R.  Gr.  Liit  Gallina  Brit.  Mm.  p.  103 

(Bolivia)  (1S67) ;  id.  Ha»d-UU,  iii.  p.  6,  n.  0901  (1871). 
Nolhoprocta  peotlandi,  ISclai.  S[  Salv.  Nom.  Ai>.  Neotrop.  p.  163, 

n.  3  (1873)  i  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1674,  p.  880;   Sctat.  P.  Z.  S.  1W», 

p.  461 :  Bclat.  4-  &dv.  P.  Z.  S.   1879,  p.  642  tAndas  of  BoUvia. 

Sicaaics,  and  Chiquilos) ;  Sdat.  ^  Hade.  ArgeiU.  Om.  ii.  p.  310 

(l(«Se)  i  Fren=.  J.f.0. 1891,  p.  134  (Argentine) ;  Beri.  J.f.  0. 1893, 

p.  466  (critical). 
Tisamna  pentUiidi,  Gi«b.  ITtes.  Ora.  iii.  p.  U37  (1877). 
Nolhoprocta  dourin^,  Cab.  J.  f.  O.  lB7a  p,  13&  (Cordova) ;  Sctat. 

P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  461 ;  Sclat.  ^  iSalv.  ibid.  p.  1542 ;    WhiU,  P.  Z.  S. 

1883,  p.  432  (Cosquin,  Cordova) ;  Bert.  J.f.  O.  1892,  p.  458. 
Notbura  doeriogi,  J-'  Schaii:  in  lilt,  tide  Otb.  J.f.  O.  1878,  p.  198. 
Notboprocta  moebiuai,  Berl.   Btr.  Aiig.  DeuUchi.  Ora.  Oei.  1893, 

p.  13  (jiiv.,  Bolivia) ;  id.  J.f.  O.  1892,  p.  455. 

Biniilar  to  N.  perdiearia  and  N.  eo<iu!mf/ica,  bat  much  smaller. 
Forehead,  sides  ol*  the  head,  fore  Deck,  and  breast  bluish  grey,  the 
latter  dotted  with  white :  middle  of  the  crovro  and  occiput  black, 
the  feathers  edged  with  brown  and  with  a  white  stripe  on  the 
outer  edge ;  upper  plumage  greyish  brown,  each  feather  of  the  back 
black,  barred  with  brown  ^ong  the  middle,  groj'iah  on  the  sides, 
and  with  two  whitish  longitudinal  stripes  between  the  grey  lateral 
edge  and  the  dark  mesial  portion  ;  throat,  middle  of  the  breast, 
and  abdomen  dusky  whitish  buS;  sides  and  ftanks  greyish,  dotted 
or  barred  with  white  and  freckled  with  black  rermiculations ;  under 
tail-coverta  dull  greyish,  with  traces  of  dusky  bars ;  quills  blackish  ; 
primaries  spotted  with  whitish  bulf  on  the  outer  web  ;  secondaries 
barred  with  buff;  upper  wiDg-oovert8  greyish  brown,  vari^ated 
with  black  marks  and  white  spots ;  under  wing-coverts  greyish 
brown :  bill  in  dry  skins  brown,  with  the  base  of  lower  mandible 
paler;  feet  pale  colour,  probably  yoUow  in  the  living  bird.  Total 
length  9-6  inches,  wing  6,  culmen  I-l,  tarsus  1-5. 

•  The  PlslB  represent*  >  bird  probahlj  not  adult ;  the  ulult  bird  haa  tlia 
forefaeui.  sidea  of  the  head,  Tore  neck,  aiid  upper  brtvut  bluiah  tead'Oalour,  Ihe 
tatler  doited  with  nhile. 


T.Bri'dKe8,E8q.rCJ, 
SalTiQ-QodmftD  CoU. 


656 

Yaung  (typo  of  N,  moehiuti,  Berl.).  No  bluiah-grey  tinge  on  the 
head,  neck,  and  breast ;  uppi?r  part  oF  the  ht^ad  black,  the  feathera 
tipped  with  brown,  and  striped  with  whitish  on  the  outer  edge ; 
flidee  of  the  head  and  throat  whitish,  the  feathers  tipped  witli 
black ;  upper  parte  much  browner  than  in  the  adult,  the  feathers 
having  broader  brown  tips  and  contrea :  lower  parts  pale  brownish, 
the  feathers  of  the  broast,  sidea,  and  flanks  with  black  marks  and 
irregular  bars,  and  with  whitish  stripes  on  the  aides ;  the  second- 
aries besides  being  barred  are  also  edged  with  mtescent  on  the  OQt«r 
web ;  under  wing-coverts  blactish,  edged  with  nifeaceot.  Total 
length  9'5  inches,  wing  5'25,  culmen  0-9,  tarsus  1-3, 

1  have  very  little  doubt  that  the  type  of  JV.  mae.biasi  is  the  young 
of  the  present  species,  especially  as  it  has  the  same  ressmblance  to 
the  adult  as  the  young  of  JV.  iiKxanowshu. 

Sab.  Bolivia  and  North-weatern  Argentine. 

a.  Ad.  at.  Andes  of  Bolivia.  J.  F.  Peatlsnd  [PA 

(Type  of  species.^ 

b.  Ad.  St.  Bolivian  Andes.  "■  "  ■ .         ■.-.      ^— 
e.  ij  ad.  ek.            Sierra  de  Cordova  (Dr.  A. 

Diiring) . 

G.  Notboprocta  cnrvirostris. 

Rhynchotis  perdii,  ?  Sclal.  {»ec  Mol.)  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  07  (CalacaU 
and  Piiellaro,  Ecuador). 

Nothopmcta  curviroatris,  Scial.  ^  Sale,  {nee  Bp.)  Nom.  Av.  Keotrop. 
pp.  158,  IBS  (Ecuador)  (1873) ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  680 :  Sarfy, 
P.  Z.  8.  1875,  p.  301  ;  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  313  (Outetvo, 
N.  Peru),  1882,  p.  49  (Chirimoto,  N.E.  Peru) ;  BeH.  ^  Taet. 
P.  Z.  S.  1884.  p.  812  (Cechce,  10,000  feet,  W.  Ecuador)  ;  Tata.  ^ 
Berl.  P.  Z.  S.  1886,  p.  123 ;  Taez.  Om.  Pir.  iii.  p.  SOB,  TaiOf, 
p.  107  (1880) ;  Salv.  Nornt.  Zool  ii.  p.  22  (near  Csiamarca)  (1896). 

Tinaraus  curvirostriH,  Oieb.  Thta.  Om.  iii.  p.  630  (1877). 

NothuracurviroBtria,  Schltff.  Mus.  P.-B.,  Tinami,  p,  41  (note)  (1880). 

P  Nothoproctft  curvirostra  peruviana,  Tan.  Om.  Pfr.  iii.  p.  307  (1886).   . 

Adult.  Feathers  of  the  njiper  parts  along  the  middle  black,  with  I 
two  white  stripes  on  the  sides,  and  variegated  and  barred  with  m 
greyish  brown  ;  feathers  of  the  upper  part  of  the  head  black  in  the   ' 
centre,  edged  with  rufous  brown,  a  few  with  a  white  stripe  on  the 
outer  edge  ;  lores,  sides  of  the  head,  and  throat  whitish ;  feathers  of 
checks  partly  rufous  brown,  and  with  a  black  stripe  along  the  shaft, 
also  the  feathers  of  the  throat,  especially  those  round  it,  are  simi- 
larly coloured ;  breast  and  abdomen  rufeecent ;  on  the  breast  the 
feathers  have  two  whitish  spots  near   the  tip    and    a  subapical 
irregular  dusky  line ;    lower  down    the  feathers  are  edged  with 
whitish ;  the  upper  tail-coverts  greyish  olive-brown,  with  black  and 
whitish  bar-like  marks,  besides  being  dusted  with  black ;  upper 
wing-coverts  pale  brown,  with  bar-like  whitish-buff  marks,  ante- 
riorly   and    posteriorly    edged   with    black  ;    quills    browu,  outer 
primaries  barred  with  whitish  buff  on  the  outer  web ; 
most  primaries  the  bars  are  rufescant,  and  are  more  oi 


on  the  inner-  ^^| 
'  leas  present  ^^| 


5,   HOIHOPUUCTA. 


5OT 


I 

I 


also  OD  the  inner  web :  secondanes  regularly  barred  witb  black  and 
rofoQB  on  the  outer  web  ;  baa  turd- wing,  primary-coverts,  and  greater 
wing-coverU  barred  witli  black  and  rufous  on  the  otiter  web  ; 
marginal  under  wing-coverts  brown,  edged  «-itb  rufous,  the  central 
ones  rufous,  the  last  row  greyish  brown  :  bill  horn-brown,  base  of 
lower  mandible  ycUow;  feet  apparently  orange;  iris  dark  brown. 
Total  length  about  10'5  inches,  wing  <i'3,  culmen  I'l,  tarsus  1*5. 

Some  specimens  have  the  mesial  black  part  of  the  feathers  of  the 
back  more  extended  than  othere, 

YouTig.  SimiL-kr  to  the  aduit,  but  the  feathers  of  the  breast  with 
broad  black  creacentic  marks  ;  the  upper  wing-coverts  leas  freckled, 
rufous,  with  black  bars  and  whitish  marks. 

Tacianowski  has  already  remarked  that  PeruvLin  birds  differ 
somewhat  from  Ecuadorian.  In  the  specimens  in  the  Museum, 
d  and  «,  the  black  bars  of  the  secondaries  are  comparatively 
narrower,  and  the  innermost  secondaries  (tertiariea)  are  without 
that  Bubterminal  black  bar  which  is  so  conspicuooa  id  our  specimens 
from  Ecuador. 

Hah.  Ecuador  and  Feru. 


r.  (?  wL  sk. 


Matagnn,  Ecuador  (£!,£uciUra).  Salvin-Oodman  Coll, 
Cajaniarca,  Peru,  alt.  10,000  ft.,    Solviu-Godman  Coll. 

May  (O.  T.  Baron). 
Caiabnmba.  Peru,  alt.  10,000  ft.,    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Jon.  (a  T.Iiarim). 


7.  Nothoprocta  ornata.    (Plate  XVII.) 
Ehynchotus  omatua,   O.   li.  Gr.  Lut  Galiinit  Br.  Mu».  p. 

(BolivU)  (1867) ;  id.  Hand-lust,  tii.  p.  5,  o.  9868  (1871). 
Notboprocls  omatn,  SdaC,  ^  Snlv,  Nom.  Av.  Neotrop.  p.  lo3,  i 

(1873)  i  iid.  P.Z.S.  1874,  p.  080,  1879,  p.  6i2  (BoUvial. 

-     '■■■  -"     *■     ■"■     337rr' — 


■nnamus  omatus,  GiW.  Tha.  Om.  iii.  p.  637  (1877). 
Larger  than  N.  percliearia.  Upper  parts  brownish  grey,  vermi- 
cnlated  and  irregularly  banded  with  blsck  and  fnlvoos  white ;  the 
feathers  of  the  back  have  no  broad  pale  out«r  edges ;  top  of  head 

I  blackish,  spotted  with  fnlvous  wtutish,  the  feathers  irregularly 
barred  with  black  and  fulvous ;  sides  of  head  and  throat  whitish, 
with  black  specks,  very  few  on  the  throat ;  breast  grey,  with 
numerous  transverse  bands  of  fulvous  white ;  lower  part  of  breast 
and  sides  buff;  the  abdomen  huffy  white :  primaries  brown,  banded 
with  buffy  whitu  on  the  outer  web ;  seoonUariea  brown,  bonded 
with  bufl^  the  outer  web  narrowly  edged  with  buff;  tail-feathers 
with  buff  and  blockish  transverse  bands  ;  the  radii  of  the  feathers 
dieconnccted.  Total  length  13'S  inches,  wing  7*7,  culmen  I, 
tarsus  1*0. 
Hi^.  Bolivia. 
: 


a,  h.  Ad.  81 


Bolivia. 


T.  Bridges,  Esq.  (T.]. 
(Types  of  speaea.) 


8.  ITothoprocta  braoickii. 
Notboprocta  brauidcii,  Tact.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  563  (Juniii,  C.  Peru) ; 
Selat.  4-  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  680;  Tacs.  Om.  Pir.  iiL  p.  308, 
Tables,  p.  107  (1886). 

Adult.  Smaller  than  N.  ontala  and  about  tbo  size  of  N.  perdi- 
carta.  TJppor  parts  brownish  grey,  Termicnlated  with  black,  the 
feathers  of  the  back  with  large  subapioal  black  spots ;  top  of  head 
black,  spotted  with  folroas  wbitish,  the  feathers  with  irr^iUar 
rnfona  bars ;  sides  of  head  and  throat  whitish,  changing  into 
mfesoent  on  the  lower  neck,  the  feathers  speckled  or  tipped  with 
black,  the  black  specks  less  numerous  on  the  throat ;  breast  silvery 
grey,  on  the  sides  greyish  brown,  Termicnlated  with  black;  lower 
part  of  breast,  abdomen,  and  flanks  rufous  buff,  undulated  with 
grey  bars,  especially  on  the  lower  breast ;  under  tail-coverts  buff, 
undulated  with  dusky  lines;  quills  brown-black;  primarioH  with 
vhitieh  rufeseent  bars  or  marks  on  the  outer  web  j  secondaries  with 
l^ck  and  rufous  bars  ;  under  wing-covferts  rufeseent,  with  irregular 
duaky  bars,  the  last  row  uniform  greyish  brown :  "  bill  brown,  the 
base  of  the  lower  mandible  pale ;  feet  yellowish ;  iris  brown  " 
(JeUJn).  Total  length  about  11  inches,  wiog  7,  culmen  0-95, 
tarsus  1*4. 

I  have  described  a  specimen  belonging  to  the  Braiiieki  Museum, 
probably  the  type,  kindly  sent  to  me  for  inspection  by  Dr.  Stolzmann. 

Ifab.  Jnnin,  Fern. 


6.  NOTHURA.  ^ 

Type. 
TinamuB,  .^j'  (nee  LatJi.).  Av.  Brai.  ii.  p.  63  (IKS'). .     N.  boraqui 

Nothura,  Wa^l.  Syai.  Av.  [p^  ;;97]  ( 1827)     N.  boraqui 

Nothurni!,  part,  Sw.  Clam,  if.  ii.  p.  34.5  (1837). 


.  Lowl 

S, 

whitisli  ed(,'ps  and  usually  with 

one  brown  spot  in  the  middle    tnarmorala,  p.  6lil, 

b'.  ^'ermiculatioiu  Stid  apottings  of  upper  ptrtB 
Diuth  liner ;   feathers  of  the  breaat  with 
whitish  edges. 
d".  Breast  pftler,  less    extenuvelf    spotted, 

the  feathers  not  distinctly  barred bora^ira,  p.  Stil. 

e".  Breast  darker,  more  broa^l;  spntte<l,  and 
■with  the  feathers,  especi^ly  the  lower 
ones,  disiiiictl;  barred  in  the    hidden 

portion darwim,  p.  562, 

b.  Deep  Tufaufl ;  back  chestnut,  vermiculaled  with 

black ;  wing  45  inches media,  p.  563. 

1.  Nothnra  maculosa. 

Inambui,  Aiara,  Apimt.  iii.  p.  40,  d.  327  (Parafruay)  (180o). 

Tinamua  nnculosus,  Trmm.  Piy.  et  Gallin.  iii.  pp.  557,  748  (ISl-'i) 
P  Witd,  Beit.  nacA  Brat.  i.  p.  llti  (1820)  (=  mediu.^  Spirf) ; 
Tttnm.  Fi.  Gal.,  gmre  Tinamuu,  sp.  2  (1826)  (=  mnjor,  Spix) ; 
?  (Tied,  Jertr.  iv.  p.519<1832}(=raedius,  Spii?);  Ifu.  Gmtpi. 
dt  Buff.  2nd  ed.  Oi».  u.  237  ( 1838) ;  Nathfa.  J.f.  O.  1879,  p.  368 
(egg),  1882.  p.  38a 

Cryptura  fasciata,  f'lefl/.  A'.  D.  niiv.  p.  109  (1819)  (ei-  Azern). 

Tinamus  fasctatus,  I'itiU.  Enc.  Mtth.  i.  p.  370  (1820). 

CrTpturua  maculosus,  Lieht.  Fen.  DoiM.  p.  68,  n.  706  (San  I'nulo) 
(1823) ;   Thienrm.  Fortjifianx.  p.  26,  t.  v.  f.  11  (egg)  (184.i). 
^H  Tinamus  majcir,  6)>i>  (wc  atict.),  Av.  Bras.  ii.  p.  64,  t.  60  (Minas 

^L  Oernes)  (1826). 

^M  Notliura  major,   Wapl.  Sj/i/.  An.,  gen.  N.^tliura,  sp.  2  (1827);  ti^. 

^K  Itit,  182»,  p,  747  ;  Leai.  Tr.  d'Orn.  p,  613,  n.  2  (1831) :  Darmn, 

^^  Zool.  roy.'£e^fc,'Jii.p.  ll!t(lB41):  G.RGr.  Oct. .S. iii.  p.  526, 

^H  n.  2  (1844),  Append,  p.  25  (1B49) ;  Schnb.  Si/h.  Av.,  Oallinacen, 

^H  t.  286.  f.  lo7C  (1S48)  [ex  ^) ;  f  Bp.  Campt.  Bend.  xlii.  p.  IJSI, 

^H  n.  338  (1866);  id.  TaU.  ParaU.  GalHn.  {Brtraet),-p.  12,  n.  340 

^^H  (1856);  piix.  Om.  .Sr-(M.p.'296(Ypaiieini(,Cimeterio,Foderaciraa, 

^H  Ytararg,  Jaguaiaiba),  ^p.  4&4,  Ivi   (1871) ;  AUv,  Journ.  de  ZooL 

^^H  iii.  pp.  167,  S52,  pis,  viii.-xi.  (^eleton  and  muscles)  (1674). 

^^1  Nothura  niediuB,  part.,  Wai/t.  ^tt.Av.,sen.  Nothura,  sp.  2(1827); 

^H  £<»«.  Jr.  ffOrn.  p.  513,  n.  3  (1831). 

^H  TinamuB  maculatua,  Lut.  Man.  d'Orn.  u.  p.  204  (1828) ;  Xatler. 

^^M  fide  Thiatem.  Fortj^nz.  p.  26  (Anin.)  (1S4S). 

^H  NothuruB  maculosus.  Sie.  Clou.  U.  ii.  ^.  346  (1637). 

^^H  Nothura  innculosa,  G.  R.  Gr.  Gen.  B.  lit.  p.  526,  n.  3  (syn.  emead.) 

^V  (1844);  id.  Lilt  B.  BrU.  Mia.  iii.  p,  .')3  (xyn.  emend.)  (1844) ; 

^V  Harll.  Ind.  Aior.  Attunl.  p.  31,  n.  327   (syn.  emend.)  (1847) ; 

^M  Licht.   h'om.  Av.  p.  87  (Minas)   (1854) ;  Burm.  Sunt.    Ueb.  Th. 

^n  Bra*,  iii.  p.  336  (part.)  (18M) ;  it  J./.  O.  1866,  p.  259  (La  Plata) 

^H  id.  La  Btata-Bnio,  U.  y.  409  (jart.)   (1861)-    ''^     "    ''--    »■- 


»,  ii,  p.  409  (part.)   (1801);   G.   R.   Gr.  Lut 
Oaltifut  Br.  Mu».  p.  104  (1867) ;  Sclat.  *  Satv.  P.  Z.  S.  1866,  p.  14S 
Ayrw)  ;  Sternberg,  J.f.  O.  1869,  p.  274  (Buenos  Ayrea) ; 


flfl«e,j;/0. 1870,p. 
KjUbenh,  1870,  p.  51  (Mil 

!  (1871)1  f  Let/bold,  Ere  Piimp.   Arjent. 


i)';  Bdnh.  I't'd.  Medd.  naturh.  For 

'eraee);  G.  S.  Gr.Haml~liil,  iii.  p.  5, 

Piimp-  Arjent.  p.  ^  {1873)  j 


and  ArgGDtine)  (1873) ;    Hudmm,  P.  Z.  8.  1B74,  pp. 


Oarrod,  P.  Z.  &   1875, 


.   343  (plantar  tendons); 
Mart,  ti-anai.),  J.  f.  6.  f875,  p.  «3 ;    "        "   " ' 


;  ?  La/bold  (if. 
;  Dumf.  I&is,  1876,  p.  166, 
1877,  p.  203  (Oueiios  Ayres) •  Qihrnt,  Ibis',  IS80.  p.  168  (Baeoos 
Avres) ;  Sfhleg.  Mut.  P.-B.,  Tinami,  p.  43  (part.,  specim.  1, 9,  3,  6) 
(1880)  ;  Balpleieh.  Pr.  R.  Pky».  Soc.  Edinb.  vi.  p.  249  (1889)  i 
White,  P.  Z.  8.  1882,  p.  629  (MiBsiones) ;  Rchnw.  J.  f.  O.  1S82, 
p.  11  (Zool.   Oan.)  ;  Scial.  Lia    Vert.  An.  Sth  ed.  p.  547  (1883) 

SmI.   Oard.)  ;   Barnata,  Auk,   1884,   p.  317   (part ;  Entrerios, 
wer  Uruguay) ;  Helm,  J.f.  O.  1885,  p.  347  (mHsdea) ;  GAwh, 
iii*,  1888,  p.  382  (Payaaodu,  Uruguay) ;  Ba-l.  J.  f.  0.  1687, 
p.  37   (Pilcomayo,  Kio  Grande  do  Sul),  p.  137  ;  Luau,  Pr.  IT.S. 
Nat.   Mws.   1887,   pp.   157-168   {osteoloffy) ;     Withington,   IbU, 
1888,  p.  473  (Lomaa  de  Zsmora) ;  Sclat.  |  Huds.  Argent.  Om.  ii. 
p.  211  (1889) ;  Bedd.  Jbie.  1890,  pp.  62, 63  (with  cut  of  cwca) ;  SOat. 
t.  c  p.  82  (quintoeubitol),  p.  426;  Seiite  a.  Jichnm.  Nam.  Xutr 
Hem.  Om.  p.  304  (Chili  and  Montevideo)  (1890) ;  Holbind,  Ibit, 
1892,  p.  214  (ArgenUne) ;  Aplin,  Ibu,  1894,  p.  214  (Uruguay)  ; 
Sclat.  hu,  1»94,  p.  4.j3. 
Tinnmus  toaculosa,  Gieb.  T/ies.  Om,  iii.  p.  036  (syn.  eraend.)  (1877). 
Adult.    AboTB   pale   yellowisli  brown,  barred  with  black    and 
brown  and  streaked  with  fulvous  white  ;  these  streaks  run  on  both 
sides  of  the  feathers  of  the  back  between  the  central  dark  portion 
and  the  greyish  lateral  edges ;  head  and  neck  pale  fulvous,  with 
the  feathers  striped  with  black  ulong  the  middle;  upper  part  of  the 
head  mostly  brown  ;  throat  immaculate  white ;  lower  parts  fulvous, 
breast  spotted  with  brown,  aides  witli  brown   bars;  flanks  with 
brown  bars,  more  or  less  crescootic;  primaries  brown,  with  regular 
pale  fulvous  marks  on  the  outer  web,  aud  with  regular  brighter 
fulvous  bars  on  the  inner  wob ;  Beconclaries  regularly  barred  with 
pale  brown  and  fulvous  ;  asillaries  and  under  wing-coverts  uniform 
fulvous,  only  tho  mat^nal  ones  of  the  latter  with  duaky  spots  j 
"bill  and  feet  yellowish   brown"  (Sclatn-).     Total  length  from 
10  to  11  inched,  wing  5*5,  culmen  0'7,  tarsus  1-4. 
Fentale.  Similar,  but  larger. 

Young  in  down,  "  Head  and  neck  still  in  down,  dark  brown  lined 
with  pale  bnif ;  a  lino  starting  at  baso  of  beak  and  forking  into 
two ;  ueck  with  the  buff  Hues  broader  than  the  dark  brown  ones ; 
body  mottled  buff  and  dark  brown,  with  some  httle  narrow  whit« 
marks  "  {AjiHn). 

Nab.  Argentine,  Paraguay,  Uruguay,  and  Southern  Brazil, 


I 
I 

I 


a.  Ad.  St. 
/,.  $  ad.  sk. 

c,  rf,  rf  9  ad.  sk. 
e.  Ad.  St. 
/.  Ad.  sk, 
g.  $  ad.  sk. 


South  America. 
Ypanemu,    S.     Brazil, 
(A'atterer). 


Uruguay,  July,  Aug 

Maiaonado,Jan.  (Cairww).    Zool.  Soc. 'Collt  "■ 


Alan  Peel,  Em.  [P.V 


MoDt«  Video  {JoAniton). 
BueniiB  Ayres,  Feb.  (  B7(A- 


2.  Nothnia  nigrog:nttat&. 
Similar  to  N.  maailota,  but  blacker  above,  the  black 
the  back  being  more  conspicuous  ;  lower  parts  paler,  yellowiah 


I 

marka  td    ^H 
!ah  rather    ^^M 


561 

than  rufesceat;  the  spots  on  the  lower  fore  neck  and  upper  breast 
of  a  darker  black,  more  roundish,  and  bett«r  defined  ;  also  the  black 
bars  on  the  sides  better  defined ;  "  iris  and  feot  yellow  "  (Siemi- 
radsl-i).  Total  length 8-5-10  inches,  wing  5S-Q-25.  culmen 0-7-0-8, 
tarsus  1'3-1'32, 

Ihnale.  Larimer  than  the  mala. 

Bab.  Centriil  Pampas,  Argentine  Republic. 

The  types  (male  and  female)  of  this  apparently  new  species  have 
been  collected  by  Dr.  Joseph  Siemiradzlci  and  belong  to  the  firanicki 
Uuseum  of  Wanaw  :  they  have  been  sent  to  me  for  inspectioQ  by 
Dr.  Stokmann. 


3.  Hothiura  boUviana. 


Nothura  media,  O.  JL  Gr.  (nrc  S/ 
(Bolivia)  (1867);  id.  Hand-lUt.  i 

(1871), 


:(■),  Lid   Oaliina  B.  M.  p.  104 

i.  p.  d,  n.  gm4  (part.,  Bolivia) 


I 


Similar  to  iV.  mocubm,  but  paler  below  and  much  smaller.  Total 
length  8-8-5  inches,  wing  5-5-5,  culmen  0-62-U-67,  Ursas  1-02-1-1. 

Hah.  Bolivia, 

SpecimoD  d  from  Ciati,  mentioned  below,  differs  from  the  others 
in  being  paler,  especially  on  the  neck  and  lower  parts. 

a,  b.  c.  Ad,  St.  BoUvia.  T.  Bridaiea,  Esq.  [C.]. 

(Types  of  species.) 
if.  Ad.  sk.  Cinti,  Bolivia.  SsMu-Godman  Coll. 

4.  Nothnra  marmorata.    (Plate  XVIII.) 
Notbura  marmorata.  G,  R.  Gr.  LUt  Gallince  B.  M.  p.  104  (Bolivia) 

(1867):  w*-  llmul-lat,  iii.  p.  6.  n.  9903  (1871);  Seiat.  ^  Sola, 

N<,m.A».  A^TOfrim.  p.  153,  B.  2(1873);  iid.  P.  Z,  S.  1879,  p.  642; 

Schlfij.  M«A.  P.-B.,  Tbami,  p.  44  (BoUvis)  (1880) ;  BIm.  J.J.  0. 

lefts,  p.  405. 
Tinaniua  marmoralus,  Guh.  Thet.  Om.  iii.  p,  636  (1877). 
?Nothura  mrfculosa,  v.   Botck  (nre  Temm.),  MT.  ont.   In-,  men, 

1B84,  p.  16.j(i:ocbsUmba,  Bolivia)  (P  =  marmorata) ;  Bltu.ibid.; 

id.  J.f.  0.  1885,  p.  405. 

Simitar  to  S.  Tnneulosa,  especially  on  the  back  ;  the  lower  parts 
much  whiter,  the  brown  spots  almost  confined  to  the  neck ;  upper 
bresst  pale  reddish  vinons,  the  feathers  with  whitish  edges  and 
usually  with  one  brown  spot  in  the  middle ;  flanks  with  narrow 
brown  undulated  bauds  ;  axiltarics  fulvous,  with  brown-grey  bands. 
Total  length  U-10  inches,  wing  5-ti-6,  culmen  0-72-0-73,  tarsus 
1-4-I-46. 

ffab.  Bolivia. 
a,  b.  Ad,  St,  Bolivia.  T.  Bridges,  Esq.  [C.]. 

(Tvpes  of  speciea.) 

5.  Nothara  boraquira. 
Tinamus  boiaquiia,  Spii,  Aveg  Bras.  ii.  p.  08,  t.  79  (18^5) ;   Temm. 
PL  Vol.,  genrt  Tinamou,  sp,  4  &  footnote  (1830) ;  Lett.  Man.  ii. 
p.  206  (1828)  ;  Gieb.  T/tei.  Om.  iii.  p,  ftti  (1877). 


Nothura  boraquira,  Wagl.  Sust.  Av.,  gen.  Nothura,  sp.  1  (1S27) ; 
Leu.  Tr.  JO™.  p.  513,  n.  1  (1831) ;  G.  R.  Or.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  525, 
n.  1  (1844)  i  BOmb.  Syn.  Av.,  GsllinaceiB,  t.  280.  f,  1574  (1848) 

(ex  ^ix);   Bp.  Compt.  Brnd.  xlii.  p.  881,  n.  337  (1866);   id. 

Tabi.  Faralt.  Gallin.  {Eiirad),  p.  12,  n.  338  (1856)  ;  Surm.  IS. 

Bra$.  iii.  p.  32B   (1850);  O.  B.  Gr.  List  Gattina  B.  M.  p.  105, 

n.  e  (1867);  Beinh.   Vid.  Medd.  naturk.   Foren.   KJdb«nh.  1870, 

p.  61 ;  RIx.  Om.  Brag.  p.  296  (note),  pp.  4.Si.  Ivi  (1871) :  G.  B. 

Or.  Sand-IiU,  iu.  p.  6,  n.  9908  (1871) ;  Seht.  *  Sale.  Nom.  At. 

Nentrop.  p.   163,  n.  3  (Brazil,   Paraguav,  and  AigentiDe)  (1873)  ; 

■id.  iMi,  1878,  p.  405  (note) ;  Sehl^.  Mus.  P.-B.,  Tinarai,  p.  44 

(1880) :  Sdal.  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  74 ;  Berl.  J.  f.   O.  1887,  p.  127 

{ex  Sclater  fS(  Satvin). 
Cnrptunifi  btintquira,  Thienem.  Fortp/latiz.  p.  26,  t.  r.  f.  10  leeiF) 

(1845). 
Nothura   macnloea,   Barm,    (nee    Temm.)   J.  f.   O.    1868,   p.    161 

(Mendoxa). 

Similar  to  N.  miumlosa,  but  differs  in  being  smaller,  in  having  the 
fnlvous  colour  of  the  lower  parts  paler,  the  upper  parts  greyer  &Dd 
with  finer  TertnicalatiouB,  the  black  parte  of  the  feathers  of  the  back 
less  prominent ;  also  the  brown  spots  on  the  breast  are  paler,  and 
the  feathers  of  the  hreast  have  whiter  edges :  bill  dusky  above, 
pale  below;  feet  yellowish.  Total  length  about  10  inches,  wing  5-5, 
oulmen  O'S,  tarsua  1-25. 

Femaie.  Scarcely  larger. 

Toung,  Similar  to  the  adult,  but  the  spots  on  the  breast  darker. 

ffab.  Brazil  and  Western  Argentina  near  Uendoza. 

a.  $  ad.  sk.  Mendozn,  At^nt.  Rep.,  Feb.    SalTin-Ondman  Coll. 

(  Weiuhaupl). 
h,  t,  d.   (f  ?   ad.     Vicinity    of   Mendo»    {Z«y-     Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 
et  juT.  sk.  bold). 


6.  NorncRA.  563 

breast  more  greyish,  the  greyish  mesial  portion  of  the  feathers 
being  broader  and  the  brown  bars  better  defined. 

Bab.  Patagooia,  and  apparently  also  the  Argentliie  Republic, 
near  Cordova. 

Specimens  from  Cordora  require  comparison. 

o.  Ad.  sk.         Bahiti  Blaoca  ( C.  Darvin).  Zool.  Soc.       (Type   of 

apeciea.) 

Ai  c.  J  S  I"!-    Rio  NeKio,  Patvooia,  April,  Salrm-Oodman  Ooll. 

sk.  July^  ff.  n.  Sudion). 

d,e.  5ad.sk.    lUo  Negro,  April,  Oct.  W.H. Hudson, EBq.[C.], 

/  cT  ad.  ek.      Co«quiD,CordoTa, ArgentRep,,  Siklnn-QodmauColL 
June  (E.  A.  Whitr). 


7.  Hotliara  media. 

Tinamus  raediua,  Spix,  Ai:  ffrns.  ii.  p.  65.  t.  81  (fig.  mala  J?; 
Tejuco)  (1825) ;  Temm.  PL  C-l.,  qenre  Tinamou,  ap.  3  and  foot- 
note (1826) ;  ZeM.  Man.  d'Orn.  ii.  p.  205  (16^)  ;  id.  Oompl.  dt 
Buff.  Snd  ad.  Ou.  p.  337  (1638). 

Tinamus  mioar,  Spix,  Ap.  j^riu.  u.  p.  6S,  t.S2  {Gg.  matB<IF;  Tejuco, 
Minaa  Oeraes)  (1825)  ;  Temm.  Ft.  Col.,  genre  Tinamuu,  ep.  6 
(part,)  (182fi). 

Tinamus  brevipes,  Natter.  Mut.  Vindab.,  fide  Temm.  PI.  Oil.,  genr» 
Tinamou,  footnote  (1826) ;  cf.  Jtfc,  On.  Bras.  p.  295  (1871), 

Nothora  medius,  part,  Waffl.  ^y>(.  Av.,  gen.  Nuthuni,  «p,  3  (1827) ; 
ZsM.  TV.  <f  On.  p.  513,  n.  3  (part)  (1831). 

NothuramiDur,  (Ti^'.  %<f. '1v.,jf«n.  Notbura,  8p.4(1627);  id.Igu, 
1829,  p.  747  (not=N:nana,  2);  Le»>.  Tr.  iOm.  p.  S13,  n.  4 
(1831);  G.R.Gr.  Om.B.a\.^.b^,'a.i(\Ui)\  Rr:knb.Syn.Av., 
GalhnaceiB,  t  286.  f.  1577  (1848)  (ei  SpU)  -.  Bp.  C-mipl.  Bend. 
slii.p.881,n.  310  (1856);  id.  Tabl.Parali.Oattm.  (Extract),  b.  12, 
a.  342  (1866) ;  Burm.  Th.  Brat.  iii.  p.  331,  n.  3  (1856) ;  O.  R.  Gr. 
Litt  GaUitta  B.  M.  p.  1U5,  n.  7  (1807)  i  id.  Hand-Hd,  iu.  p.  6, 
o.  9907  (1871) ;  SfcAfcy.  M^.  P.-B.,  Timuni,  p.  4S  (1880). 

Nothura  media,  Wa-jl.  hii,  1829,  p.  747  ;  Pek.  Om.  Srai.  p.  395 
(Fazenda  do  Rio  Verde,  Ytarard,  IriaaniTB),  pp.  454,  In  (1871) ; 
G.  R.  Or.  Hand'iiit,  iii.  p.  5,  n.  9904  (firasil)  (1871) ;  Sdal.  ^ 
Salr.  Norn.  Av.  Neotrvp.  p.  153,  n.  4  (Brasil)  (1873) ;  UrAUff.  JKW. 
P.-£.,Tinsjni,  p.  45  (1880);  Grant.  Ihii,  1689,  p.  449*;  Alien, 
BuU.  Amer.  Mui.  N.  H.  p.  152  (Msttu  Orosso)  (1893). 

Nothuna  minor,  part.,  Sm.  Cbut.  B.  ii.  p.  346  (1837). 

Tinamus  plumbeus  (?),  Mum.  Pari*.  GdeZeei.  Cotnpl.  de  Baffiniiid., 
Om,  p.237  (note)  (1838). 

Nothura  maculosa,  part.,  G.  R.  Gr.  Oen.  B.  iii.  p.  62.5,  n.  3  (1844) ; 
HartL  Ertl.  Nacktr.  Fen.  Oe$.  Mta.  p.  17,  n.  191  (1816) ;  AcAni. 
{nee  Temm.)  Sifn.  Ar.,  OallinacBfB,  t  286.  f.  1576  (1848)  {ex 
Spix) ;  Bp.  (nee  Temrn.)  Compt.  Send.  xlii.  p. 881,  n.  380  (1856); 
id.  Tabl.  ParaU.  QalUn.  {Extract),  p.  12,  n.  341  (1866);  Bia-m. 
T*.  Brat.  iii.  p.  330  (part.)  (1656);  ReinA.  Fid.  Medd.  naturk. 
Form.  Ejabenh.  1870,  p.  62  (Currelo). 

•  Mr.  Ogilrie  Qmot  mys  tllnl  Tuntix  raritgaiui,  VLeill.  (N.  D.  xxxf.  p.  *7  : 
10.  U«th.  I.  p.  330,  pL  232.  f.  4),  U  probablj  a  Tiiumou  {Holhura  mtdia),  but  I 
imot  And  thai  either  tha  deMriptJon  or  the  plat«  sgreet  with  the  latter  bird. 


PCrypturua  minor,  Thiennn.  Fortjifianz,  p.  26,  t.  v.  1. 12  (egg)  (1845). 
Notbura  aMimilb,  O.  R.  Gr.  Litt  Gallinte  B.  JU.  p.  lOS  (Td67) ;  id. 

Sand-iul,  iii.  p.  6,  n.  9900  {)87I). 
Timuniia  aesimiliB,  Gieb.  Thn.  Orti.  iii.  p.  635  (1877). 
PNothura  nana,  HarteH  (n«e   Temm.),  Kat.    VogeUamml.  p.  206, 

n.  SlOl  (1891)  (  =  imiior,  Spix). 

AdvU.  Differs  from  all  the  other  speciea  in  ita  amaller  sise 
and  decidedly  ntfons  colour.  Sides  of  the  forehead  and  head, 
neck,  breast,  and  abdomen  rufous,  brighter  on  the  abdomeo  and 
thighe ;  crown  and  back  chestnut,  vermicalated  vith  black,  the 
feathers  of  the  back  greyish  on  the  edges,  and  with  two  buff  lateral 
Blripee,  more  or  less  distinct ;  sides  of  the  head  and  neck  with 
brown  stripes  or  marks;  throat  whitish  ;  breast  with  brown  marks, 
broader  on  the  sides,  where  the  feathers  are  mesiaJly  chestnut ; 
flanks  barred  with  brown  ;  upper  tait-covertfl  and  tail  greyish  buff, 
undulated  with  brown  ;  upper  wing-coverts  rufous  with  brown  bars ; 
primaries  marked  with  brown  and  nifons  on  the  outer  web,  brown 
barred  with  rufous  on  the  inner  one  ;  secondaries  barred  with 
rofons-cinnamon  and  brown ;  under  wing-covertB  rufesccnt,  the 
last  row  greyish,  more  or  less  barred  witb  rufous.  Total  length 
abont  7'5  inches,  wing  4-5,  ciilmen  0'75,  tarsus  1'2. 

Female-  Similar,  only  somewhat  larger.  Total  length  about 
8  inches,  tarsus  1*25. 

Although  Spii's  plates  81  and  82  scarcely  agree  with  the  types 
of  N.  oMimiUa,  Gr.,  stili  they  seem  referable  to  the  present  bird. 

ffab.  S.  Braiil. 

a.  Ad  St.  S.Amprica.  Zool.  Soc.     (Type  of 

A',  tusimilu.) 

b.  Ad.  sk.  No  localitT  iEytm  Coll.).  Salvin-Ciodman  CoE 

e.  S  sd.  sk.  Ylarar*,  Braiil,  Febr.  (Nat-         Sal vio -God man  Coll. 


Tinamus    minar,    part.,    Temm.   PI.    Cai.,  gewt   Udmhou,   sp.   fi 

(  =  DaDUB  SH1826). 
Nothim  DaDB,  ff't^f.  Sunf.  Jc, ym.  Nutbura,  ep.  fi  (1827) ;  iiLIta, 

1829,  p.  747;  Lot.  fr  rfOm.  p.513,  n.6  (1831);  G.R.Gr.Oen. 

B.  Hi.  p.  526,  n.  6  (1S44);  Nartl.  lud.  Atara  Apunt.  p.  SI,  a.  338 

(1847)  i  McAnb.  Sifn.  Av.,  Gallinaww,  t.  28a  t.  1588  (1848)  (ex 

Temminck);  Lkht.  JVom.  ^n.  p.  87  (18641i  Burm.  Th.  Bras.  lii. 

p.  331  {1856);  id.  J./.  O.  J8M,  p.  161  ;  0.  K.  Ge.  List  GaUinai 

B.M.-p.  105,  n.  8(1807);  iWs.  Om.  Br<w.  p.  285  (Fiuiendit  do  S. 

ConinHCoTneiro,Jaguiiraiba,Ytanird,Iruanrtt),  pp.  ioJ,!!*)  (1871); 

Schirg.  Mut.  i-.-^., Tinami,  p.  40  (note)  (IStO) ;  ?  Hch/iff.  J./.  0. 

1888,  p.  6. 
NothuTUd  nUDOr  (part.),  Sw.  Ctait.  B.  i:.  p.  345  (1837). 
Tftoniecus  pnvoninu*,  Glag.  Hand-  u,  Jli^ib.  d.  A'at.  p.  404  (18413). 
Favunciilft  nana,  Bp.  Compl.  Said.  ilii.  p.  881,  v.  341   (186G) ;  id. 

Tabl.  Faratl.  OaUin.  {Ettract),  p.  12,  n.  343  (1856). 
Tinamus  carapi,  A'aU.  Cat.  MS.,  teste  Ftlz.  Om.  Bra*,  p.  295  ( 1871 ). 
Nothura  (Taonucua)  nana.   O.  R.  Gt.  Hond^itt,  iii.  p.  6,  n.  9009 

(1871). 
TaoniscuB  nanus.   Sclal.  &  Salv.  Nam.  Av.  A'eotrop.-D.lUS  (l&'S); 

Bed.  J./.  0. 1887,  p,  127.  n.  356. 

Adult  nujle.  Upper  part  of  the  head  greyish  brown,  wilh  the  centres 
of  the  feathers  blackish  ;  throat  whitish ;  upper  parte  blackish,  with 
narrow  whitish  bare,  the  edges  of  the  feathers  greyish  ;  neck  and 
breast  dull  whitish,  with  a  few  duaky  stripes  or  spots;  tower  breast 
and  abdomen  whitish,  the  flanks  with  regular  brown-blackish  bars ; 
upper  toil-coverts  very  long,  marked  like  the  back ;  upper  wing- 
coTcrts  greyish,  with  dusky  and  whitish  margins ;  primaries  uniform 
brown :  bill  dusky  above,  pale  below ;  feet  yellow- orange.  Total 
length  about  6  inches,  wing  3' 2,  culmen  0*6,  larsus  0'62.  (Mu». 
ft»ri».) 

Ftmidf..  Upper  parte  rufous  brown,  the  feathers  broadly  blackish  in 
the  middle  and  vermiculated  with  brown  ;  upper  taii-coverts  like 
tbo  feathers  of  the  back,  but  much  shorter  than  in  the  mate ;  sides 
of  the  head  whitish  buff  with  dusky  lines ;  throat,  middle  of  the 
lower  breast,  and  abdomen  whitish  :  on  the  sides  of  the  neck  and 
on  tower  fore  neck  the  fcalhers  edged  %vith  brown ;  sides  of  the 
breast  and  flanks  barred  wilh  brown,  the  bars  broader  on  tie  flanks  ; 
npper  wing-coverts  burred  with  brown  and  whitish  hnfl";  primaries 
uniform  brown ;  under  wing-coverte  whilish  with  brown  tines,  the 
last  row  uiiiforra  grey :  bi)t  brown  above,  pale  at  the  base  of  the 
lower  mandible ;  feet  in  dry  skin  yellow.  Total  length  about  6 
inches,  wing  3,  culmen  0-5,  tarsus  0'6. 

Hab.  FaJBguay  and  lirazil  (Minas  Geraes). 

a.  S  ad.  sk.      Ytararfe,  Braiil,  March  {Hattrrir).      Salvin-Godman CoU. 


Subfamily  II.  TINAMOTIDIN^. 

8.  CALOPEZnS. 
Eudroinia,  It.  Otoffr.,  Mag.  de  Zool.  1832,  CI.  ii.  toit  to 

pi.  1  (1833)  (nee  Eudromiua,  Boie) C.  elegKOS. 

CalodroiDas,  ScUa.  Sf  Sale.  Num.  Av.  Ntotrop.  pp.  153, 

166  (1873)  {nee  CriodromuB,  Guirin,  1832) C.  elegan*. 

Calopezus,  Ridgv).  Pr.  £iot.  Soc.  WatA.  ii.  p.  07  (18S4) 

(=CftlodroinM). 

Ranffc.  ATgentine  Kepnblic  and  Lower  Uruguay. 
1.  CalopeniB  d^;aiu. 

PwdJi  martiiieta,  Axara,  Apunt.  iii.  p,  31  (1806) ;   Bedd.  Ibis,  1880, 

p.  61. 
Ettdromia  elegans,  B'Orb.  ^  I:  Gioffr.  Mag.  de  Zool.  1832,  CI.  ii. 

teittopl.  l(Pategom(i)(1832);  Lafr.IUv.Zool.yin.  p.  87;  D'Orb. 
Vou.  ii.  p.  68  (note  1),  p.  302,  n.  11  (1835-^) ;  Lou.  Compl.  dt 

Bif.  2nd  ed.  Oii.j.  241,  pi.  — .  f.  1  (1838) ;  Frater,  P.  Z.  S.  1843, 

f^  116;  Bridga,  ^d.  (Mendoxa) ;  Sarli.  Ind.  Aiar.  Apunt.  p.  SI 
Anm.)  (1847)  {  Bp.  Compt.  Rend.  xlii.  p.  881,  a.  342  (ISM) ;  id. 
TabL  ParaU.  GaUin.  [Extract),  p.  12,  n.  344  (1866) ;  Burm.  J.f.  O. 
1868,  p.  161,  1860,  p.  269;  id.  La  Plata-Rfige,  ii.  p.  408  (San 
LuiB.  Mendoia)  (1860) ;  G.  R.  Gr.  Hand-ti»t,  iii.  p.  6,  n.  9910 
(1871) ;  Hwla.  ^  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1872,  pp.  545,  540  (Rio  N«to)  ; 
Leyh.  Exc.  Famp.  An'ent.  p.  ~  (1873) ;  id.  (c.  MaH.  tratul.)  J.f.  O. 
1876,  p.  443;  &Afcy.  Jfw.  P.-^,,  tinami,  p.  48  (Chili !)  (]^); 
Burm.  Anal.  Mttt,  Nac.  Butn.  Aires,  iiL  p.  246{PatagoD'  ' 


9.  T1KAH0TIS. 


567 


pale  fulvous;  the  [ulvous  spots  roundiflh  snd  rery  conspicuous; 
head  greyiah,  e&ch  feather  with  a  mesial  black  streak ;  a  long  re- 
curved vertical  prest  of  black  feathers,  partly  edged  with  cinereous; 
two  whitish  hatida  start  from  above  the  eyes  and  run  oloDg  the 
sides  of  the  cape;  another  whitish  band  starts  from  the  base  of  the 
upper  maudible  and  crosses  the  cheeks  under  the  eyes ;  throat 
whitish :  neck  greyish,  each  feather  with  a  mesial  blackish  stripe ; 
the  leathers  of  the  lower  neck  with  a  mesial  black  etripe,  two  pale 
lateral  stripes,  and  numerous  black  cross  bars ;  remainder  of  the 
lower  parts  huffish  white,  with  numerous  black  bars,  more  or  less 
crescentic,  the  abdomoo  almost  aniform ;  primaries  greyish  black, 
on  the  outer  web  regularly  spotted,  on  the  inner  web  regularly 
barred  with  huffish  whita;  secondaries  barred  on  both  webs;  under 
wing-eoverts  variegated  with  greyish  brown  and  whitish,  the  last 
row  pale  grey  with  whitish  bars,  irregularly  crescentic  ;  tail  barred 
across  with  blackish  and  buffish  white :  "  bill  blackish  ;  feet  bluish 
grey"  (Selaler);  "iris  dark "  (ffi«i»on).  Total  length  about  14-5 
inches,  wing  S-5,  tail  3-25,  culmen  I'l,  tarsus  1'9. 

Fetnah.  Similar  to  the  mnie. 

Foully  in  down.  Upper  parts  greyish  brown,  thickly  dott«d  with 
black  at  the  tip  of  many  downy  feathers,  while  other  feathers  are 
striped  with  white ;  a  conspicuous  brownish  orest ;  two  white  bands — 
one  from  above  the  eyes,  down  the  aides  of  the  neck,  the  other  from 
the  base  of  the  upper  mandible  under  the  eyes  ;  throat  and  abdo- 
men whiUi ;  lower  fore  neck  and  upper  breast  greyish,  with  some 
dusky  spots  and  while  stripes. 

Hall.  Southern  part  of  8.  America,  from  S,  Uruguay  to  Argentina 
and  Patagonia.  Both  Gray  and  Schlegel  erroneously  mention 
apecimeuB  from  Chili !  and  Sdater  mentions  eggs  collected  in  the 
Falklandsl 


a,b,e.  Ad.etjuv,  s 

ktk. 
d.  Ad.  St. 


[ChiU]  Probably  Meodoza  ' 


T.  Bridges,  EBq.[C,]. 

Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 

MandoMi^eh.  ( Wemhmipt).    Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 
Vicinity  cf  Menduia  {Ley-    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

bold). 
Rio  Negro,  Patagonia,  Oct.    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

( W.  H.  HudMon). 

Gould  OoU. 


9.  TIIIAIIOTIS.  Tjp^- 

P.  Z.  S.  1836,  p.  7a T.  penllaodi. 

Range.  S.  America  from  the  Andes  of  Peru,  and  probably  also  of 
Ecuador,  to  N.  Chili,  Bolivia,  and  also  Patagonia. 


Key  to  the  Sjireiet '. 

a.  Qiiillg  brown,  barred  with  rufeacmt  0[i  the  outer 

web pmtlandi,  p. 

b.  QuilU  aewly  uniform  bright  rufescent ingoitfi,  p.  m 

1.  TiaamotiB  pmtlandi. 

Eudromia  andecolat,  D'Orh.  Voy.  ii.  p.  68  (note  2),  p.  302,  \ 
(Bolivia)  (1836-38). 


Tinamotis  peutlandi,  Vigort,  P.  Z.  S.  1836,  p.  79  (Andes) ;  id.  Land,  fl- 
Edinb.  rhiht.  May.  i.  p.  289  (1837) ;  id.  Itu,  1838,  p.  19fi;  Leu. 
Compl.  de  Buff.  2rd  ed.  Ou.  p.  241  (1B38) ;  G.  R.  Or.  Litt  Gen. 
S.  n.  ft.1   nS4(H  1  id    o».  til.  9nii   «l.  n.  82  (ISJli :    Q.  R.  Gr.  & 


(1840) ;  id.  0/1.  cit.  2nd  ed.  p.  82  (1841) ;   O.  R.  Gr.  ^ 

Mitch.  Oen.  I!,  iii.  p.  526,  pi.  137  (1844) ;   Ttch.  Arch./.  Naturg. 

1844,  i.  p.  308,  n.  263  (P«ni) ;  id.  Faim.  Per.,  Arei,  pp.  47,  28G 

(1840) ;  Bridgei,  P.  Z.  S.  1847,  p.  28  (TapaqiiUcha) ;  I{-:hnb.  Sfn. 

.^ii.,Gallinaciie,  t.  287.  f.  1588  (*.r  Gr.  It  Milch.)  (1846);  Bp. 

Compl.  Rend.  ilii.  p.  881,  n.  343  (1856) ;  id.  Tabl.  ParaU.  Gallin. 

(Extraa),  p.  12,  n.  345  (1866);   O.  R.  Gr.  Li»t  (lallimB  B.  .«. 

p.  105  (1807)  i  Sdat.  i^  Sal».  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  080  (Arequipa). 

1808,  p.  670;  G.  M.  Gr.  Hand-list,  iii.   p.  0,  no.  9911   (IWI); 

Sclta.$Sak.  Nom.Av.Neotrop.-p.  153  (Bolivia  and  Peru)  (1873); 

Tact.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  604  (Junin);  Gieb.  The^  Om.  iii.  p.  t«5 

(1677);  &/<rf.  ^  Sah-.P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  042;  v.  £oeck,  MT.  am. 

Ver.   Wirn,  1884,  p.  165  (Cochftbamba,  Bolivia)  ;  Tac:.  Orn.  Pit. 

iii.  p.  310  (1880) ;  Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  1886,  p.  404  (Huasco,  N.  Chili), 

1891,   pp.  132,  137   (Sacava  and   Cauchosa) ;    Jamet,   New   Litt 

cad.  B.  p.  14,  n.  254  (1892). 
Budromia  ap..  Bridges,  P.  Z.  S.  1846,  p.  0  (Tapaquilcfaa). 
'nDsmua   pentlandii,   Schleg.  Handl.  Jiirrk.   i.   p.  899  (1S57)  j    id. 

i>i«r«d.  p.  233(1804). 
Eudromia  pentlandii,  Schlrg.  Mua.  P.-S.,  Tinami,  p.  47  (1880). 


Adult,  FeatheTSof  the  head  with  buff  and  black  stripes ; 


9.  riKAMoTifi, 


r,<V.l 


rnfescont ;  middle  of  the  lower  breust  barred  with  whitUti  and  greyish 
brown  ;  abdumen,  flank«,  and  under  tail-uorerttt  UQiform  rufous- 
cinnamon  ;  upper  wing-coverts  bluish  grey,  with  irregular  bur-like 
rufescent  marks ;  primarily  uniform  brown  on  the  inner  web,  witb 
pale  rufescent  marks  on  the  outer  web  ;  secondaries  Kreyiali  brown, 
the  inner  ones  regularly  barred  with  rufescent  on  both  webs,  the 
outer  ones  only  on  the  outer  web,  while  the  inner  web  is  irregularly 
fn.'cklod  with  rufescent ;  under  wing-coverts  buff,  irregularly  barred 
with  brown,  the  last  row  uniform  greyish  ;  tail-feathers  olive,  barred 
with  yellowish:  bill  brown;  iris  chocolate;  legs  whitish  green; 
feet  blnck.  Total  length  about  IS  inches,  wing  10,  tail  4-5,  culmon 
1-1,  tarsUB  1'9. 

FfmaU.  Similar  to  the  male. 

Uab.  Bolivia,  N.  Chili,  Pern,  and,  according  to  Tuczanowski, 
also  Eeuailor. 

•I.  Ad.  *k.  [Chili]  more  probably  Tapa-  T,  Bridges,  Esq.  [C.]. 

ehilquA,  Bolivia. 

6.  Ad.  ek.  Chili,     or    more     probably  Zool.   Soc.       (Type   of 

Bolivia  (Fintland).  epcciea.) 

c.  2  !>d.  ak.  Huosco,  ProF.  of  Tarapoci,  H.  Berkeley  Jamea, Esq. 

Chili,  Feb.  [!'.]. 

d,  e.  cf  9  ad.  sk.     Sacava,  Cbili,  .i^pril.  LI.  Berkeley  James.Esq. 

[P.]. 
/.  ti  nd.  fk.  CiuiohofiB,  Chili,  Jan.  II.  Berkeley  Jame»,EHq. 


.  Ad.  ak. 


[P.]. 
SalTln-G. 


2.  TinamotiB  isgoufl. 


Female  (type).  Very  different  from  'I',  penllandi,  and  easily  dis- 
tinguishable by  the  quills  being  rufous-cinnamon,  as  in  Rht/ncholtu 
mfeatent;  primaries  uniform,  secondaries  with  black  markings;  upper 
parts  and  breast  grey,  but  each  feather  brown  in  the  middle  and 
with  irregular  /^-shaped  marks  :  head  with  white  and  dusky  stripes  ; 
throat  white,  sjratted  witb  dusky  ;  upper  part  of  the  bead  dusky, 
bounded  on  the  sides  by  two  whitish  bands,  which  join  on  the 
occiput ;  four  white  bands  along  the  neck,  two  on  each  side ;  a 
band  on  the  bind  neok  and  one  between  the  white  ones  on  the 
sides  of  the  neck  dusky  ;  lower  breast  white,  with  irregular  orescent- 
like  dusky  bands ;  lower  abdomen  and  under  tail-coterts  rufescent ; 
bill  dusky  olive  ;  feet  plumbeoas :  iria  yellow.  Total  length  about 
15'5  iuchoa,  wing  8,  tail  2-75,  odmen  1,  tarsus  1-25.  (Ma*.  Parit.) 

Hah.  E.  Patagonia,  near  Santa  Crux. 


Subclass  RATIT^. 

Strnthioneg,  Lath.  Ind.  Orn.  ii.  p.  602,  Ordo  vi.  (1790). 

lUtitiB,  Merrem,  Abhandl.  Akad.  Wiumtch.  Berlin,  1812-13,  P»y»«A. 

£1.  p.  259, 
CunorM,  part.,  IlHg.  Prodr.  p.  246  (1811). 
Proceri  (familin).  /%.  /.  e.  p.  246  (1811). 
HegistanM  (femilia),  VUiil.  Analyse,  p.  53  (18t(!). 
ftevipeDDee  (fomilia),  Cuv.  S^gn.  An.  i.  p.  4S9  (1817). 
ProeerM,  iSUndev.  Mtth.  not.  Ai:  disp.  Tent.  p.  151  (1872). 
StruthJoniformes,  Seebohm,  Clou.  B.  p.  44  (1890). 

All  the  preceding  Orders  of  Birds  being  comprised  in  the 
Subclass  Caritialm,  the  Batitir — which  fonn  the  eccoad  Subclass 
of  living  Birds — are  characterized  thus  (see  Gadow,  Proc.  Zool.  8oc. 
1892,  p.  237):— 

"  Nidifngons.     Omnirorous.     Terrestrial. 

"  Rhamphotheca  compound.     Naree  impcrrious.     Eolorhiual. 

"Vertebrte  heteroccelous. 

"  Basiptfirygoid  processes  functional.  Proximal  articulating  head 
of  quadrate  single. 

"  Sternum  without  keel  and  without  spina  interna.  Si)ina 
externa  small  or  absent.  Coracoid  fused  with  scapula  ;  both  bouea 
forming  a  very  obtuse  angle. 

"With  incisura  ischiadica. .  . . 

"Wings  reduced;  flightless.  Terminal  caadal  vertobrffi  not 
coalesced  into  a  nvgoatyle. 


BTHTTTniOSlDie. 

6'.  Feathers  with  a  large  after- 
shaft  3.  CASUAEn,  p.  585. 

I.  Hallos  present,  and  three  toes 
anteriorly ;  bill  very  long,  much 
longer  than  the  head;  the 
noBtrila  near  the  tip 4.  APTSRYOBS,  p.  60g 


Order  I.  STRUTHIONES. 


^^H        Only  two    toea,  the   third    aod   fourth,  are   present ;    terminal 

P  pbalangts  shortened,  with  stunted  nails. 

I  Maiillo- palatines   articulating  with  the  vomer,  which  touches 

i  neither  palatines  nor  pterygoids, 

Procoracoid  large.     No  clavicles.     Pubes  united  in  a  symphysis. 
Tibia  without  bony  bridge. 
Aftershaft  absent.     Quills  and  tait-featberB  lai^e. 
Caaca  and  rectum  c: 


Ethiopian. 

The  members  of  this  Order  are  the  largest  birds  actually  living. 
Their  bill  is  broad  and  depressed,  with  the  cttlmen  flattened  and 
the  tip  strong,  rounded  and  overlapping  that  of  the  mandible  ;  the 
nostrils  pkced  in  a  broad  membranous  groove  near  the  middle  of 
the  bill,  and  the  opening  oval ;  the  wings  are  short,  imperfect,  and 
fiiraished  with  long  soft  plumes ;  the  tail  is  moderate,  and  composed 
of  curved  pendent  feathers  ;  the  tarsi  are  very  long,  robust,  and  in 
front  near  the  toes  covered  with  transverse  scutes ;  the  two  toea 
are  short  and  robust,  the  outer  Ehort«r  and  much  padded ;  tlie 
claws  short,  broad  and  flattened. 

Only  one  family. 


Family  STRUTHIONID^. 


atruthio,  Linn.  S.  N.  i 


.  STRUTHIO. 

265,  ffen.  96(1766),. 


tnge.  Coaflned  to  Africa  and  Arabia. 
\C/.  NoLTE,  "  StiBUBse  und  Straussenzuchl  ii 
(J.  f.  O.  1896,  pp.  44-79).] 

Key  lo  iha  Sptcitt. 

■8  of  the  body  black.     (Malrt.) 

I   ring   of  white 
□  the  lower  part  uf  the  neck .  .     eaa 


J 


i2  srHUTKioHiDj:. 

h'.  Naked  parb  leoU-givy  or  bliiij-grey ;  no 

distinct  white  rinff   of  feathers  od  the 

lower  part  of  the  hind  neck. 

a".  NakcHl  skin  of  hend,  neck,  and   legs 

bluish  grey;  on  the   crown  a  hiiniy 

shield  01  a  dirty  yellowiuh,  emrounded 

with  downy  hairs    mnlybdojAana,  p.  674. 

h".  Naked   skin   of  head,  neck,  and   lega 
lead-grey    or   even    white-jfrcy ;     no 

horny  shield  on  the  crown     aiutralit,  p,  576, 

.  Feathers  of  the  hody  {ireyish.     (^Ffinalei.) 


1.  Strntbio  camelnB. 

Slrathio  camelua,  Linn.  S.  N.  ed.  10,  p.  153,  n.  1  (1768:  Syria, 
Arabia,  Africa), 

Struthio,  Brim.  Om.  v.  p.  3,  pi.  i.  f.  1  (17*10). 

Struthio  camelufl,  Linn.  8.  X.  i.  p.  20fl,  ii.  1  (1766)  ;  Scop.  Ann.  i. 
Sia.  Nat.  n.  160  (1769);  Oinni,  Orn.  ii.  p.  29,  tt.  187,  la^,  139 
(1770) ;  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  2,  p.  726,  n.  1  (1788) ;  LatA.  lid.  Om.  ii. 
p.  003,  n.  1  (1790) ;  Bonn.  Enc.  MHh.  i.  p.  1  (part.),  pi.  4.  f.  1 
(1790) ;  Cuv. Minag.duM«s.  H.  A",  i. p.2  (1801) :  Vieai. N. D.  iii. 
p.  86(part.)  (J8I6(;  CHV.Segn.An.\.^.i<i\  (1817);  Steph.Gtn. 
ZooL  II.  2,  p.  43a  (part.),  pi.  27  (1819) ;  VieUI.  Oal.  dei  OU.  ii. 
p.  70  (part.),  pi.  323  (1825) ;  Leu.  Man.  tCOm.  ii.  p.  209  (part.) 
(1828);  Cfai;..fo^--4''-2nded.i.p.495(]829)!  LeM.Tr.d'Om. 
p.  4  (part.),  pi.  i.  f.  1  (18;)!! ;  iifnu.  Gard.  Mm.  Zool.  Hoc.  ii.  p.  47, 
with  fig.  (1831) ;  Sib.  C'lati.  B.  ii.  p.  34.i  (1837) :  iiiijup.  Stuf 
WirUUh.  p.  114  (1835-40) ;  Temm.  PL  Col.  i.,  TaU.  Mith.  p.  68 
(1838) ;  Giillhfr,  P.  Z.  S.  1842,  p.  71  (muscular  fibres  of  heart), 
pp.  141,  195  (blood-corpuscles);  G.  R.  Or.  Gen.  B.  iii.  p.  527, 
pi.  188.  f.  4  (head,  bill,  and  foot)  (1844)  ;  id.  Lilt  B.  Brit.  Mu». 
■■■   [I.  64  (part.)  (1844) ;  Riipp.  Si/it.  Ueberi.  p.  109,  n.  389  (Egypt, 


1.  aiBUTHIO. 


573 


Aeelim.  (2)  yii.  p.  SOS  (breeding  in  Zoo).  0«Td.  ftt  FloKoee)  (1S70)  1 
Rimire,  t.e.f.6e6 (in  canHnenient)  ( 1870) ;  FintcA  u.  Hartt.  Vbg. 
Oit-Afr.  pp.  697-fi07  (part.)  (1870)  ;  G.  R.  Or.  Hand-lut,  iii,  p.  1, 
n.  sail  (part,)  (1871) :  Garrod,  P.  Z.S.  1872,  pp.  356-863  (aus- 
toniy),  1873,  p.  470  (buth  carotidfl),  p.  W4  yimbiens) ;  Elieu, 
P.  Z.  S.  1873,  p.  648  (Palestine) ;  ScMeg.  Mm.  P.-B.,  Struthiooea, 
p.  e  (part.)  (1873) ;  Hevfl.  Orn.  y.O.-Afr.  ii.  2,  p,  (126  (1873) ; 
Hartlng  *  Moienlh.  OilrMa  *  Ottr.  Farm.  pp.  2-54  (part) 
(1877) ;  Forbft,  P.  Z.  8. 1877,  p,  307,  ■rf.  31B.  f.  8  (buwa  Fabncii) ; 
lUioart,  Tr.  Zuol.  &«,  i.  p.  385  (1877);  Scimidt,  P.Z.S.  1880, 
p.  315;  Forba,  F.Z.S.  1881,  p.  779.  ff.  I,  2  (trachon) :  Naihut. 
J.f.  O.  1882,  p.  130;  Sdat.  Lul  T'eH.  An.  Sth  vd.  a.  551  (1883); 
BoIau,J.f.  O.  188*,  p.  262 ;  Trittr.  Faun.  Sr  Flor.  of  PaU*t.  p.  189 
(ldS4)  ;  Hutlon,  P.  Z.  S.  1885,  p.  687  (ulta  turcica) ;  Sundev.  Ibu, 
1886.  p.  426  (nail  on  the  middla  fingerj ;  HarUrt,  J.f.  0.  1886, 
p.  613  (Iflger) ;  Schal.  J.f.  O.  1888.  p.  118;  Uea^  u.  Rrkhnw. 
JVmn.  jM«*.fi«n.  OrB.p.305(lB90);  £mM,  iSw,  1801,  pp.84,85 
(iacubadon);  R^idall,  Ibu,  1803,  p. 230 (Gambia);  Sdat.  P. Z.S. 
1892.  p.  679  (Upper  Niger) ;  Gadow,  Broun'*  ITiier-Reic/u,  tI  4, 
p.l03(]893);  Aittte,  J./ 0. 189o,pp.46,54;  Kuachel, ibid.  f.  81; 
Nauorroui,  Zool.  Am.  iviii.  do.  4t«),  pp.  277-280  (pterylosiu  of 
the  embryo)  (July  ISft'i). 

Autruche,  D'Anbmt.  PI.  EiU.  4o7  ($);  Buff.  Uitt.  Nat.  Ou.  i. 
p.  ![98,  pi.  20(1770). 

BlackOstrich,  Jmrni,  i«M»(!r.  pp.  37.  38(parl.),pl.  W(d)  (1"76); 
lath.  &/n.  lii.  1,  p.  6,  n,  1,  pi.  71  (1785). 

StiaiW!,  Eartm.  J.f.  O.  I8&i,  p.  318,  1864,  p.  154  (Kordufan) ;  id. 
Seise  in  N.O.-Afr.  p.  506. 

Advh  maU.  Bend,  Deck,  and  legs  naked,  the  skin  of  a  bright 

flesh-colour ;  on  the  crown  a  oaked  area  pale  brown ;  the  head 
with  stiEE  hoary  whitish  feathers  ;  oyolaahea  dusky ;  down  of  the 
neck  soft  and  silver-grey  ;  the  feathers  at  the  bajie  of  the  hind  neck 
white  ;  feathers  of  the  body  wilh  the  barbs  disconnected,  deep  black, 
those  of  the  hack  with  a  certain  reddish  lustre;  quills  and  tail- 
feathers  white  :  hill  horn-yellow  with  the  tip  brown,  the  lower 
mandible  reddish ;  iris  brown  ;  tarsus  covered  with  flesh-coloured 
shields,  sorrounded  with  pale  hom-yellow.  Total  length  about 
R  feet,  height  about  8  feet,  bill  from  gape  5  inches,  tarsus 
16  inches. 

Female.  Smaller  than  the  male,  and  the  feathers  of  the  body  of  a 
dirty  grey,  more  or  less  yellowish  :  head,  neck,  and  legs  grey,  with 
a  yellowish  tinge  ;  downy  feathers  on  the  neck  yeUow-grey  ;  ({ailla 
dirty  while ;  tail-feathers  brown,  edged  with  white  or  grey,  some 
entirely  white.  Shields  on  the  tarsi  hom-eolour,  darker  on  the 
toes  (NolU). 

Younif.  "  Downy  feathers  of  head  and  neck  dirtj-  fulvous  whitish ; 
on  forehend  and  crown  more  reddish  ;  a  band  from  the  nape  to  the 
interecapniar  region  brown ;  on  the  crown  und  sides  of  the  neck 
some  dusky  stripes ;  feathers  of  the  body  brown,  with  the  tips 
broadly  fulvous  "  (Ihn'jlin). 

Ne$tUng.  Covered  with  stiff  and  hairy  down ;  crown  bright 
rusty  reddish,  with  black  marks ;  neck  dirly  whitish  fulvooa ; 
cheeks,  ear-region,  and  ohin  purer  white ;  on  the  hind  neck  three 


574  STBnTHioiriDjB. 

disdact  lougitn^inal  blackish-brow  a  bands ;  sides  of  the  neck  with 
brown  stripefl  ;  breast  fulvous  white ;  abdomen  dirty  white ;  on  the  ■ 
back,  &om  the  whitish  fulvons  ground  spring  some  straw-yellow 
and  black  bristlee,  which  have  the  apical  half  flattened,  lanceolated, 
and  of  homy  texture  "  (Beuglin). 

Egg-thell  smooth. 

Jiab.  Northern  Africa,  south  to  the  Niger  on  the  west,  to 
Ab)rsstDia  on  the  east ;  Arabia  *,  north  to  Southern  Palestine. 

a,  b.  Pull.  sk.  Bogos-land.  Hr.  Esler  [C.]. 

e,  i.  <J  2  skeletons.  Gambia.  Earl  of  Derby  [P.]. 

e.  ^  skdeton.  Basin  of  the  Upper  Kiger.     Zoal.  Soc.  [Purch.]. 
/.  Skull. 
9.  Bones.  Eari  of  Derby  [P.]. 

2.  Stmtliio  molybdophanH. 

Struthio  cameluB,  Btyth,  Joum.  At.  Soe.  Beng.  xiiv.  p.  SOS  (1856) ; 
Heugl.  Ibis,  18n9,  pp.  34.^,  344  (part.,  Somali) ;  Nathia.  Ztittchr. 
f.  win.  Zool.  1868,  p.  233,  t.  13.  ff.  3-C,  t.  14.  fl'.  7,  8,  »,  11, 
t,  16.  f.  13  (structure  of  the  egg-shell);  Fischer  u.  Bchnw.  J.f.O. 
1878,  p.  247  (S.  Galla-land) ;  Bohm,  J.  f.  O.  1882,  p.  178 
(UKOgo,  Central  Africa),  1885,  p.  63  (CeDtral  Africa). 

Struthio  molybdopbanee,  Behme.  Sonntag$bl.  NorddeutKh.  AUgem. 
ZeU.  n.  37,  16th  Sept.  1883;  id.  Mitth.  om.  Vrr.  H'im,  1883, 
p.  203,  with  pi. ;  RcAntc.  u.  Se/ml.  J.  /.  0.  1883,  p.  399 ;  Bocie- 
e.  Act.  Soc.  linn.  Bord.  viii.  p.  436  (1884);  Sidcad.  Ibi»,  1884, 


p.  116  (in  confinement) ;  Ed.  ihid. ;  firucA,  (.  c.  pp.  .362,  I 
Oim.  t.  e.  pp.  465,  486  (=  australia  ?) ;  Behnw.  J.  f.  O.  1 
pp.  236,  248 ;  Dalitnitz,  t  c.  pp.  246, 246  (ef[g) ;  Heiike,  Ztittchr. 
get.  Om.  1884, pp.  219-222,  t.  lii.  f.  anter.  (egjf);  id.  Liebe Zdttehr. 
1884,  p.  36;  Bodinui,J./.  O.  1886,  p.  12;  Dallici/s,  (.c.  p.  102; 
i^wftUr.  (.  e.  p.  114  (E.  AfHca)  ;  Aattw.  t.  e.  pp.  166-178,  t.  ii. 
"   2  (structure  of  egg-siieU) ;    Bckntc.  t,   c.  p.  404 ;   Bchmc. 


1.  STBtrtKin. 


575 


in  front  of  the  tarsua  are  of  a  dull  vermilion-red,  changiog  into 
yellow  on  the  lower  part,  and  into  black  on  the  toes ;  the  shields  are 
surrounded  with  pale  yellow  horn-colour.  Size  somewhat  larger 
than  that  of  S.  camelug. 

Ftmalt.  Similar  to  that  of  S.  eamelm,  but  the  grey  feathers 
somewhat  darker. 

Etfgshell  with  large,  deep  pita,  generally  of  a  dark-purple  colour. 

hab.  Somali-land  and  Central  Africa. 


I.  SkeleloD. 
■.  Skull 


Somali -land. 
So  mail -land. 
SoDiali-laod. 


Paris  Muaemn  [FX 
Paris  Museum  fp.1. 
Ttowland  Ward,  Esq.  (T,]. 


3,  Stmthio  anatralis. 

Black  Ostrich,  part..  Brown,  lUiutr.  pp. 37,  38  (CapeofGood  Hope) 
(1776). 

Ostrich,  Uvht.  JUm  %n  mdlic/ien  A/rua,  ii.  p.  42  (1812). 

Struthio  cameluH,  G.  It.  Gr.  LUt  B.  Brit.  Mu$.  ii.  p.  54  (part.,  Cape 
of  Good  Hope)  (1644);  Thkurm.  Fortpjtant.  GeneA.  der  ga.  VSg. 
p,  6,  ta£.3(epg)  (1845)  [  I'rf.  Rhfa,\.w.  16,  17,  fig.  3  (stracturs  of 
the  egg-shell)  (184iS) ;  TrUtr.  Ibii,  18(K),  p.  74  (part.) ;  Layard, 
Sirdt  S.  Afr.  p.  281,  n.  5.39  (1867) ;  O.  R.  Gr.  Band-tut,  iii.  p.  1, 
n.9641  (part.K^1871);  SchUg.  Jtf lu.  P.-5.,  Struthiones,  p.  6  (part., 
Cape  of  Good  Hope)  (1873)  ;  JVofAn*.  Ztittchr.f.  wit*.  Znai.  1878, 
p.  235,  t.  U.  ff.  10,  11,  12,  t.  16.  ff.  11,  14  (atnicture  of  egir- 
sbell) ;  BhaU.  IbU,  1682,  p.  .%8  (S.E.  Africa) ;  Hotub  u.  Pttt. 
Beitr.  Otb.  S.-Afr.  pp.  195-226  (18S2). 

The  Ostrich,  Anderi).  take  Ngamt,  p,  253,  pi.  7  (1854). 

Southern  Ostrich,  Sard.  P.Z.  S.  1660,  p.  205;  Sdal.  Tr.  Zad.  Soc. 
IT.  p.  364  (1862). 

Stnitnio  camelua,  var.  meridionaUs,  Sdat.  Zut  Vert.  An.  1863, 
p.  71,  Bpecim.  e,  d  (South  Africa). 

Struthio  aufitraliB,  Gum.  Idu,  1868,  o.  253  (S.  Africa) ;  Anderti.  B. 
Damara-Land,  p.  261  (1872);  0«rn.  Oiid.  pp.  264-267  (1872) ; 
Bucki.  IbU,  1874,  p.  391  (Matabili  country)  j  Hartit^  *  Moimth. 
OttricAet  ^  Oitr.  Farm.  p.  I(t(ie77);  Gum.  Ibit,  1884,  p.  466; 
Hmlte,  ZHlKhr.  get.  Om.  1884.  p.  220.  t.  12  (e^.  poster,  fig.) ; 
Sharp*,  Las/ard-i  B.  S.  Afr.  p.  -91  (1884);  Bodiniu,  J.  J.  0. 
1685,  p.  13;  Cab.  Oid.  p.  97;  A'a(Ai».  ibid.  p.  166,  t.  2.  f.  1, 
t.  3.  ff.  4-8  (structure  of  egg-shell) ;  Bcbnte.  J.f.  0. 1886,  p.  117  ; 
Sobal.J.f.  O.  1888,  p.  118;  ?  SeAnw.  ibid.  p.  802  (we«t  of  Tan- 

?injikaP);  Ott,  ZtiUckr.  f.   Got.  1 ■-      ~    - 

\ier-SeicJu,  vi.  4,  p.  '""   ■-" — 
A.  Newt.  Did.  of  B.  p. 
pp.  48,  55 ;  KuMkel,  itid.  p.  8l  (egg). 


\,  p,  34;  Oadow,  Bronn't 


I 


4,  p.  103  (1893) ;  Schal.  J.  /  0.  1804,  p.  9 ; 
/■  .B.  p.  666  (pt.  iii.,  1894) ;  N^U,  J.  f.  O.  1895, 
M,  ibid.  p.  81  (egg). 

Adult  mtilt.  Head,  neck,  and  legs  lead-grey,  eometimes  in  birdi 
kept  in  confitiement  white-grey.  Seak  hom-colonr  surrounded  with 
red,  reddish  at  the  base  of  the  upper  mandible,  during  the  breeding- 
season  entirely  reddish  ;  skin  near  the  gape  rod,  this  colour  extending 
sometimes  on  the  cheeks ;  iris  brown.  Vertex  naked,  but  with  no 
homy  shield  as  in  S.  molyhdophanet.  No  distinct  white  band  at  the 
commencement  of  the  feathering  of  the  back,  where,  however,  are 


676  wTavmiosmx. 

•uttered  some  whitish  feathera ;  feathers  of  the  hack  deep  black 
as  in  S,  molyMophanet ;  quilla  and  tail-fcathen  pure  white,  bat 
sometimes  mixed  black  and  white ;  upper  wing-coverta  black.  The 
shields  on  the  tarsus  are  hom-colour,  hut  during  the  breeding- 
season  they  become  bright  red.     Size  of  S.  moli/bdojihanet. 

FemaU.  Similar  to  that  of  S.  molyb'hpliane$,  but  has  no  horny 
shield  on  the  vertex  ;  "  colour  of  the  fca&ers  of  the  body  from  pale 
grey  to  dark  brown  "  {Xolte). 

Egff-ihell  with  numerous  small,  generally  dark-coloured  pores. 

Hab.  Southern  Atrira  •. 


a,h.  a  2  ad.  St. 


Ilalea  Owi 
Colony. 
Cape  of  Good  Hope. 
S.  Africa  (Sir  GeorgeGrey) 

S.  AMca. 

Cradock,  Cape  Colony. 


Farm,  Oape        Purchased. 


Capt.  AleHinder[C.]. 
Zool.  Soc.     (Type  of 

Capt.      W.      Hume 
Middlemasa[P.]. 


*  We  do  not  know  to  whioh  bird  the  foUoviDK  nime  refm.  Dr.  Sotater  nyi 
that  tw  ia  not  aure  "that  thu  name  U  intended  for  either  tbe  Nortbem  or 
BouUiem  bird." 


Prince  Bonaparte,  ipeaking  of  this  supposed  spedei,  nyi :— "  Une  notable 
difference  anatomique  Ouia  1m  o>  du  pied  (sil  n'^tait  paj  ponible  qu'etle  fut  le 
rfsultat  d'one  nioaatruaiit4),  la  pedteise  de  la  taille  (dont  je  ne  ii>  imFeiu  •—- 
"■         ■  .        .        ■  '.u  djaert),  la  denudation  p' 


Order  II.  RHE^. 


Three  front  toes  preseat ;  hallnx  absent ;  middle  phalanges 
ahortened. 

Masillo-palatines  large,  fenestrated,  not  t«ncliuig  the  vomer. 
Palatiaea  short,  articulating  with  the  vomer. 

Procoracoid  process  large.     No  clavicles. 

Tibia  without  bony  bridge. 

Aftershaft  absent.     Quills  very  large.     No  tail-foathora. 

Cieca  lai^e. 

Syrini  tracheo-bronchial,  with  one  pair  of  ayringeal  mosdes. 

Neotropical, 

Rheas  are  smaller  birds  thuQ  Ostriches.  Their  external  characters 
are  as  follows  : — 

Bill  moderate,  depressed,  and  broad,  with  the  colmen  flattened 
&nd  curved  at  the  tip,  which  overlaps  that  of  the  under  mandible  ; 
the  nostrils  large,  oval,  and  placed  in  the  middle  of  the  bill  in  a 
^tge  mombranoua  groove ;  the  membrane  extends  over  the  base  of 
the  oulmen.  Neck  long,  feathered.  Wings  short,  imperfect,  and 
furnished  with  long  soft  feathers.  Tail  not  apparent.  Tarsi  very 
long,  strong,  and  covered  in  front  with  broad  transverse  scutes. 
Toes  short,  the  lateral  ones  shorter  than  the  middle  one,  and  un- 
equal, the  inner  the  shortest;  the  claws  moderate,  strong,  and 
compressed. 

Only  one  family. 


Family   RHEID^. 


Rhea,  Lath.   Ind.  Om.  i.  p.  0«6,  gen,   l»iii.  (1700); 

Bonn.  Enc.  Mith.  \.  Introd.  p,  icn  (1790) 

Toiijou.  Lacfiiide.   .Mem.   Iiat.   iii.   p.  519,  gen.  128 

(1801)  (  =  Rhea,  Lath:). 


■lire-,  uid  I  h»Fe  rvqii™t*d  liiin  lo  endesvo: 
thepomt." 

Heuflin,  from  aa  independent  m> 
«M  loH  Iw  a  ratbar  trustworthj  a 
njebel  Duf,  thnre  existed  &  litUe  iidaelnU  Oitriek,  e 
but  in  figuro  and  colour  much  like  8,  ennMb*"  (!). 
VOL.  XX VII. 


578 

Tujiu,  Safinfout,  Anafy$e,  p.  70  (1815).  T^m. 

Pterocnemis,  G.  R.  Gr.  Ha»d-iut,  iiL  p.  2,  euligcn.  24G0 

(1871)    a  darwini. 

Fturucnenin,  S^t.  ^  Salv.   Nommcl.   Av.   Tfeolrop. 

p.  lU  <I873)  (sPterocnemia,  Gr.). 

Bange.  Confined  to  South  Amorica. 

[Cy.  Gadow,  H.,  "On  the  Anatomical  Differences  in  tlie  three  Species 
otShea"  (V.Z.B.  IStW,  pp.  308-331).] 

Kfy  to  the  S}>eei^. 

a.  Metalanua  with  transrene  ecutee  throiigh  its 

length;  feathers  greyish,  more  or  less  dIhcIi- 
iah  on  the  head  and  neck,  and  with  no  white 

o'.  Oenerallj  lighter ;  akull  broader amfrimna,  p.  678. 

C  Qenerallj  darker,  especiallj  on  the  head ; 

akull  narrower TnocrorAyncAa,  p.  581. 

b.  Metatarsus  with  transrerse  scutes  on  distal  half 

onlj,  feathered  in  front  on  the  upper  parts ; 
general  plumage  brown,  most  of  the  feathers 
with  white  tips    darwini,  p.  662. 

Jfot^. — Rhta  nana,  much  smaller  than  the  other  specie*,  is 
known  at  present  only  from  the  e^  (P.  Z.  B.  1894,  p.  654),  and  bos 
been  deacribed  by  Lydekker,  Knowledge,  xvli.  1894,  p.  265 ;  or  in 
'Beviata  del  Museo  de  la  Plata,'  vi.  1804,  p.  103  (with  fig.  of  egg). 
— Patagonia. 

1.  Ebea  ameiicana. 

Nhandu-gnacu    brasilieosibus,    Marcgr,    Hist.   Nat.    Braa.    p. 


1.    RttHi.  57a 

Touvou,  Bi#.  Hitf.  Sat.  Ota.  i.  p.  452  (1770). 

Rhea  sraenCttDB,  Lath.  Ind.  Ora.  d.  p.  665,  n.  1  (part.)  (1790) ; 
rinll.  N.  D.  x\n.  p.  199,  pi.  O  37  (1818) ;  StejA.  Gen.  Zool.  li. 
2,  p.  436,  pL  28  (1819) ;  ?  U'itd,  itewe  nach  Brat.  u.  pp.  187,  192 
(pan.?)(lB21);  Sa7a.ELdiZool.ia.l,p.93[iml) i  fitehtVen;. 
Douht.  p.  69,  n.  710  (Sao  Paulo)  (1833);  VUm.  Ene.  Milh.  m. 
p.  1030  (1823);  id.  Gal.  dei  Oil.  ii.  p.  74,  pi.  324  (1825) ;  Drop. 
Diet.  OoM.  d-ffiit.  Sat.  liv.  p.  449  (Braiil,  Chili.  Peru,  MigBlIan) 
(1828);  Ltiii.  Tr.  d'Om.  p.  6,  pi.  1.  f.  2(1831);  P  Witd,  Batr. 
Naturg.  Brat.  iv.  p.  559  (part,  Rio  Grande  do  811I)  (1832) ;  Martin, 
P.  Z  A  1834,  p.  9 ;  D'Orb.  Tny.  li.  p.  303,  n.  2  (note)  (1835-38); 
8w.  Clam.  B.  ii.  p.  346  (183/) ;  Darwm,  P.  2.  &  1837,  p.  36 
(La  Plata,  South  to  the  Rio  Negro)  ;  Temm.  PI.  CM.  i.,  Tail.  MHh, 
p.  88  (1636) ;  Darw.  Zool.  Voy.  BtagU,  iii,  p.  120  (1841);  QtUUn. 
P.  Z.S.  1842, p.  141  (blood-corpuBclea);  G.  R.  Or.  0«N.aiilp.527, 
n.l(1844);  ia.iw(fl.  Br.(.ifu..iii.p.54  (1844);  Thimem.  I^rt- 
I^m.  get.  Viig.  Erst  Hoft,  p.  4,  t.  ii.  f.  1  (egg)  (1845) ;  til 
Itlua,  i.  Heft,  1846,  p.  16,  f.  2  (structure  of  egg-ibell) ;  J.  K 
Gray,  EnotciL  Mevag.  pi.  12  (1846) ;  rarrtll,  P.  Z.  S.  1847,  p.  54 
(egg) ;  Sara.  Ind.  Aatr.  Apunl.  p.  22,  n.  339  (1847) ;  Rchnb. 
Syn-Av.,  OallicacesB,  t.  388.  fi.2194-8S(l&18);  id.  Av.  8ytt.  Sal. 
p.  m  (1852):  Harll.  J.f.  O.  1854,  p.  2fl7  (in  cooenement)  j 
Altum,  ibid.  p.  iivii;  Oei  Mur»  in  Catteln.  Eip.  Am.  da  Sad, 
Oil.  p.  94  (Rto  Mnodego,  near  Miranda)  (185S) ;  BolU,J.f.  0. 
1866,  p.  109  (Zool,  Gard.) ;  Burm.  &fit.  Uebers.  Thifr.  Brat.  iii. 
p.  aS9  (Sahara,  git.  Lucia,  LagoB  Santa)  (1856);  Bp.  Omipt.  Bend. 
sliii.p.  841,  n.  1  (1850) ;  Wymnn,  Pr.  Bott.  Soe.  A\  H.  yi.  p.  127 
(1867);  Stirm.  J.f.  0.  1858,  p.  154;  Homryer,  J.f.  O.  1859, 
p.  365  (in  confinement);  Ed.  Ait.  1859,  p.  115  (Zool.  Card.); 
Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1859.  p.  306  (incubalioo),  1860,  pp.  307,  208,  f.  2 
(head),  p.  210;  id.  Ann.  ^  Mag.  N.  B.  (3)  tI.  pp.  142,  143,  f.  2 
(bead)  (i860) ;  Ed.  Ibit,  1860,  p.  310  (Zool.  Qard.) ;  Bvrm.  J.  f.  O. 
1860,  p.  260  (Mendoxa);  id.  La  Plala-Jteite.  ii.  p.  500  (1861); 
Sdat.  Rep.  Brit.  Attuc.  Adv.  Se.for  1861-62,  Mite  Comm.  p.  168 
(1862):  id.  Trant.  Z.  S.   \v.  1860,  p.  366,  f.   1  (head),  pi  tiviii. 


(part.) ;  id.  De  Rhea  Amertoana,  Ditt.  Zool.  pp.  32  (1863) ;  Ed. 
ftw,  1864,  p.  123:  ScAUy.  De  Dierent.  ^.  2m  (imi) ;  Criip,Bep. 
Brit.  Attoc.  Adv.  Sc.  for  1884,  1865,  Mile.  Comm.  pp.  92,  93; 
Parker,  Phil.   Tram.   1866,  pp.  113-183;   Schmidt,  Zool.   Gart. 

1866,  pp.  8-14;  J.  Z.raBtJisrer,(.o,  pp.  131-133;  Huxley,  P. Z.  S. 

1867,  p.  421.  f;  2  (akuU) ;  Cimninyh.  Ibii,  1868.  p.  126  (PatagonU} ; 
Anon.  Au»  der  Natur,  xUt.  odet  n.  F.  ixiii.  pp.  800-308,  315- 
318,329-333(1868);  Sdat.  P.Z.S.imS,p.SliR;  Ifalhut.Zaltchr. 
f.  WW.  Xool.  1869,  p.  323,  t  26.  f.  1;  StemUrg,  J.f.  O.  1809, 

p.  276;  Sleuonerl  Zool.  Oart.  li.  pp.  34-35  (1870);  Holti, 
J.f.  O.  1870,  p.  24  (egg);  ? Reinh.  Vid.  Medd.  jiaturk.  Form. 
m<i/)inA.  1870,  p.  46  (Lagoa  Santa):  t Pelz.  Orn.  Brat.  p.  295 
(YtararS,  Cuyaba,  Cai^ara,  Matto  Orosso),  pp.  354,  Ivi  (part.l 
(1871);  OtnmnffA.  P.  Z.  S.  1871,  pp.  Wi,  110,  pla,  vi.  &  vi.a 
(osteolcvyl;  O,  R.  Gr.  Hand-litt,  ill.  p.  1,  n.  9842  (1871): 
Sperling,  Ibit.  1872,  p.  78 ;  Jludton,  P.  7..  A  1872.  p.  636 ;  Simdev. 
Meth.  nat.  Av.  rfMO.  Tent.  p.  152  (1872);  Pelt.  Bm.  1873, 
SchUg.  Mat.  P.-B.,  Struthioaen,  p.  6  (J873);  Garrod,  . 
1873,  p.  ftt4  ;  Selal.  ^  SaU.  Somenei  Ar.  Stotrop.   p.   1 


(1873) ;  Lm/bold,  Exeun.  PamjHuArjml.  p.  83  (18731,  ef.  v.  Mart, 
J.f.  0.  1875,  p.  444;  Taiber,  La  Plata  MonaiKhr.  1874,  p.  22; 
Anon.  Aiu  dn-  Xatur,  Ixiy.  oder  n.  i\  lii.  pp.  268,  26W  (1874) ; 
Giffl.  Viaggio  Magenta,  pp.  70,  75.  82, 962  (IB.  5) ;  GuUiv.  P.  Z.  S. 
1875,  pp.  478,  488  (btood-corpiiscles) ;  MieaH.  Traiu.  '£.  S.  x. 
1874,  pp.  J-5-2  (1877) ;  Harting,OKlrich.  ^  Ostrich  Farm.  pp.  o5-*4. 


ta.  p.  S6,  pi.  to  face  p.  58  (1877) ;  Gieb.  The*.  Orn. 

(1877);    Forbet,  P.  Z.  S.  1877,  pp.  306,  307    (bursa   i-anncii)  ; 

Gadote,  J.f.  O.  1877,  pp.  180,  187,  188  (unalomiciil  detaiU): 


Davit,  Oologitt,  iv.  1,  Manh  1878,  pp.  5, 6  ;  Brtrbohm.  Wandrr.  I'l 
Patag.  p.  &>  (1879) ;  id.  Chicaqo  Field,  »i.  no.  «.  March  22,  1879, 
p.  92 ;  id.  IbU,  1879,  p.  386 ;  0>b*<m,  Ibi>,  1880,  p.  167  (But^nns 
Ayres) ; Dumf. ibid. p. 414 :  Schmidt, P. Z. 8. 1880, p.  316:  Oiidot, 
Lerm.  des  Autr.  p.  2-20  (1880) ;  Senumehamm,  Bull.  Ae.  Bflg.  (2) 
i.  p.  115  (1880);  id.  Arck.  Biol  i.  p.  6tf:\,  pi.  ixiv.  (glande 
gMtrique)   (1880) ;  Forbei,  Ibii,  1881,  p.  361 ;  id.  P.  Z.  S.   18s], 

Sf.  784,  785,  figa.  7,  8  (trachtai) ;  Beirih.  Vid.  Mrild.  A'al.  F<.r.  i 
jabetiA.  1881,  pp.  141-15:!;  id.  Jbis,  1882,  pp.  322,  332  (foKsil, 
Braiil);  Raiitret-Wettfl,  Bull.  Soc.  AccUm.  1882,  p.  04;  Sclat. 
Liu  Vfrt.  An.  8th  ed.  p.  552  f.  59  (head)  (1883) ;  Emnt,  Ann. 
N.  H.  (6)  li.  p.  458  (the  nght  carotid  present  in  the  vounir) 
(1883)  ;  MeUier,  Btdl.  Sae.  Acclim.  1881,  pp.  Ill,  112,  5l(J  (in 
captivitv);  Bermfftr,  ibid.  p.  916;  v.  Boerk,  Mitth.  om.  Ver.  in 
>ri'ni,  1'884,  p.  IGtl  (£.  Bolivia  and  on  the  CordiUeraa  of  Tacora 
^     la),  ef.  Ibii,  1888,  p.  366 ;   OiAboti,  Ibit,   1885.  p.  283 


(Pajeandu,  UniBuay) ;  Gadujc,  P.  Z  S.  188.%  pp.  306-322,  ff.  1, 4 

(ikull) ;  Owaz,  P.  Z.  S.  1886,  pp.  324-327 ;  Brddard,  I.  c.  p.  83ft ; 

.  Neat.  Ene.  Brit.  91h  ed.  ii.  p.  505   (1886);  Berl.  J.f.  O. 


1887,  p.  127 ;  Zarider,  SB.  Ge».  Kdnigfb.  1888,  pp.  31, 32 ;  Jliirm. 
An.  Mus.  ^'ac.  Bum.  Air.  lii.  p.  245  (1888);  Sclat.  ^  Hudt. 
Argent.  Om.  ii.  p.  216,  with  &g.  of  head  (1889)  ;  Heine  u.  Rcfmte. 
Horn.  Mux.  Bein.  Om.  p.  305  (1800) ;  Beans,  Biii,  1891.  pp.  53,  85 
(incubatioD) ;  Ouet.  Miss.  Sc.  Cap  Horn,  Oil.  p.  323  (1891); 
Frfi.:i'l,  J.f.  0.  \m\,  p.  124 ;  0*f,  Zfifiiihr.  OdiMjif.  18fi2.  v.  34  : 
G.  Kerr,  IbU,  \im,  p.  151  (Oran  Chaco) ;  Ilidland,  t 


p.  234. 


llyhAtL 
mocrorhyncbn  d,  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1883, 


lUioB  smericana.  Albino  variety,  Darwin,  in  Zool.  of  the  'BeagUj  Jii. 

p.  121  (note)  (1841). 

■    jEt£i»  al'beicens,  Arribnkaga  S(  Holmberij,  El  Naturali»la  Arj/entino, 

W'        i.  (1878)  pp.  1-^  (aep.  copy)  (Carhuf,  on  Buenos  .Aires  frontier; 

mail  J  eianiplM). 

Also    Molina  and   gome  recent   authors  mention  white  vaiietiee  of 


Adult  male.  General  plumage  grey  ;  head  blackish  above ;  neolc 
whitiah,  with  the  ahafte  of  the  feathara  and  a  band  along  the  nape 
black  ;  the  band  spreads  into  a  broad  patch  between  the  shoulders  ; 
base  of  the  Deck  beneath  block,  whence  arise  two  black  lateral 
crescenta,  one  ou  each  side  of  the  upper  breast ;  rump,  lower  parts, 
and  the  feathers  of  the  legs  whitish ;  secondaries  brown  on  the 
apical  half,  some  of  the  inner  ones  partly  or  eveii  entirely  white : 
bill  and  feet  yellowish  horn-brown ;  iris  brown.  Total  length  about 
52  inches,  bill  from  gape  4'u,  tarsus  11-12. 

Thefettiak  is  paler  than  the  male. 

Sab.  Bolivia  and  llatto  Grosso,  Paraguay,  Uruguay,  and  Argentine 
Republic ;  apparently  also  Southern  E.  Brazil. 


a.  Ad,  at. 
A.  Ad.  St. 
c,  d.  PuU.  St. 

«,/.    Pull.  Bt. 

i.  Skeleton. 


i.  Imperfect  elieleUin. 

k.  Imperfect  ekult'toa. 

/.  Imperfect  skeleton 

of  young  bird. 


S.  America. 
S.  America, 
S,  America, 
S.  America. 
Ar^ntins  I'epublic. 
liio  Grande  do  Sul. 


Sir  Robert  Harvey  [P.' 
John  Tyler,  Esq.  LPt].  " 


a  Ihenog  [I 
Purchased. 
Zool,  Soc. 
Zool.  Boc. 


2.  Bhea  macrorhyncha. 

P  Nhandu-guBcu    briLoiliunsihus,  Mnni/r.   Uisl.   An/.    Brnf.   p.    lUO 

(1048)  (  Fi»o,  HUl.  Sal.  Bra,,  p,  84,  with  tig,  (1048). 
P  Stntthio  camelufl  americatiua.  Rat,  Sj/n.  A«.  p.  *l  (171.1). 
FBhea,  Moehr.  Av.   Gen.  p.  65  (1752);  Sritit.  Om.   y.  p.  8   (ayn, 

emend.)  (CJuiftna!  and  Brazil)  (1780). 
FStruthio  americanos,  Linn.  S.  N.  (ed.  10)  i.  p.  15S,  n,  3  (America 

Australi)  (17fl8)  (er  Marcyraiv  and  Piio). 
t  Struthio  rhea,  Linn.  S.  K  (e<l.  12)  i.  p.  200,  n.  3   (syn.  emend.) 

(1766). 
f  Tnyew  or  Ema,  Stedimm,  yarr.  of  an  Ei-ptd,  to  S»rmam  (LoDdoo, 


1*^. 


Rhea  unericano,  Wted,  Jteiie  nacA  Brat.  ii.  pp.  187,  103  {part  ?) 
(1S21);  LicM.  Ven.  Do«bl.  p.  W,  n.  710  (San  Paulo)  (182»); 
Wied,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bra*.  IT,  p.  STiS  (part.,  Campo  Geral,  Bio 
San  Francisco,  Prof.  Peniambuco)  (18J2) ;  ''  Licht.  Nom.  Av. 
p.  88  (Brazil)  (1864) ;  Surm.  Su»t.  Urher*.  Thier.  Bran.  iii.  p.  352 
(part.)  (Campos,  interior  of  Braiil)  (1856);  Rfinh.  Vid.  Medd. 
naturk.  Foren.  AjntmA,  1870,  p.  46  {Rio  San  Francisco). 

Rhea  macrorhvachft,  Sflat.  F.  Z.  S.  1860,  pp.  207,  208,  f.  1  (tead), 
p.  310  {ex  pitria  ipiota)  ;  id.  Ann.  *  Mag.  A".  H.  (3)  vi.  pp.  ]42, 
143,f.l(heBd)(ldeu):  tel./£i«,  I860,  p.310;  id.  Rep.  Brit.  Aaoe. 
Adr.  Sc.  for  IriCl,  Mite.  Comta.  p.  1-J8  (1802)  ;  id.  Trans.  Z.  S. 
iv.  p.  356,  f.  2,  pi.  liii.  (1862) ;  Cii»tiingh.  P.  Z.  S.  1871,  p.  105  j 
G.  R.  Gr.  Hand-m,  iii.  p.  2,  n.  9843  (1871);  Sclat.  ^  Sale: 
Kom.  Av.  A'fotrop.  p.  154,  n.  2  {rx  loco  ignoto)  (1873) ;  Rarting, 
0»*r»cA«»*  0«(r.  farm.  pp.  82,  IW,  with  Iff.  of  the  Lead  (1877); 
Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1877,  p.  160  {N.E.  Brazil) ;  Gieb.  Thf».  Orn.  iU. 
p.  424  (1877);  IWbft,  Ibit,  1831,  pp.  318,  325,  350,  300  (N.E 
Brawl);  trf.  P.  Z.  5.  1881,  pp.  784,  786  {trachea) ;  Parker,  P.Z.S. 
1683,  pp.  141, 142  {reBpiratory  otf^OB) ;  ScM.  List  Vert.  An.  8th 
ed.  p.  553,  f.  00  {head)  (Maranham  and  Pemambuco)  (1883); 
Finich,  Ibit,  1884,  p.  353;  Oadote,  P.  Z.  S.  1886,  pp.  308-322, 
3.  2,  5  (akuU),  f.  9  (tracliiia) ;  ?  Claraz,  I.  c.  pp.  324,  3:>5 
{egg6) ;  ScUit.  ibid.  p.  327  (=either  R.  americana  or  R.  dantini) ; 
Gaduw,  Bronn'i  Titer-Seiehi,  tL  4.  Aces,  p.  104  {1803);  iScAal. 
J.f.  O.  1804,  p.  13:  A.  Neaton,  Diet,  of  B.  pp.  787,  788  {pt.  3, 
1804). 

Ema,  Barton,  Higblands  of  Brazil,  ii.  p.  20  (M^inaa),  p.  296  (Rio 
San  Francisco)  (18t!9). ' 

Very  similar  to  R,  amerieaiui,  bnt  ia  distinguishable  by  iU 
gensrally  browner  colouring,  by  the  darker  crown,  which  is  oearly 
black,  and  by  its  longer  aod  narrower  hill. 

Iniinature  birds  hare  the  plumage  of  a  tawny  brown  {Forhet). 

Hah.  N.E.  Brazil,  principally  the  provinces  of  Pemambuco  and 


1.  SEKA.  583 

TAienem.  FartpJUtni.  gen.  Vogel,  Errt  Heft,  p.  4,  I,  ii.  t.  2  (egg) 
(Va-'i)  ;  Chata  ^  Ua  Mur»,  Enc.  SHUt.  Nat.,  Oa.  vi.  p.  303" 
Rhea  diirwimi,  Oould,  P.  Z.  8.  1837,  p.  36;  Darwin,  ibid.  p.  36 
(Rio  Negro,  N.  Pat8gom&);  CharUmi.  Mag.  Nat.  Hiit.  (2)  i 
p.  504(1837)  (  =  R.peQn»ta,/)'OF*.);  Ed.  Mag.  of  ZooL^BU. 
"   —  °2,  93  (1838) :  Gould,  Im,  uxii.  p.  144  (1839) ;  id.  Tgj. 


'a(^to,'BWs,p.  123,pl.4T(1841);  O.  E.  ffr.  Gen.  a.  iii.  p.  527 
11.2,  pL  138  (1844);  Sehnb.  Sifn.  Av.,  Gamoacem,  t.  388.  ff.  2\96- 
97  (1848) ;  HarU.  J.  f.  O.  1854,  B.  pp.  Ixii,  IxiU ;  Birm.  Sj/tt. 


I 


UAtrt.  ThifF.  Brat.  iii.  p.  362  (Anm.)  (1866)  i  Bp.  Owwt.  Beitd. 
xliii.  p.  841,  n.  S  (1856)  ;  Ed.  Ibit,  1869,  p.  115  {Zool!  Gard.) ; 
Selat.  P.  Z.  8.  laeO,  pp.  207,  208,  20»,  f.  3  (head),  p.  210 ;  id. 
Ann.  ^  Mag.  N.  H.  (3)  vL  pp.  142,  144,  f.  S  (bead)  (ll^tO) ;  id. 
Ibit,  1860,  p.  310;  id.  Sep.  Brit.  Auoo.  Adv.  Sr./or  1801.  1862, 
MiK.  Comm.  p.  158  (1802);  id.  Tram.  Z.  8.  iv.  1860,  p.  357,  f.  3 
(head),  pi.  lii.  (1862) ;  ?  Leadb.  P.  Z.  S.  18^1,  p.  1  (ere) ;  Ed.  Ibis, 
1864,  p.  123;  &Meff. De  Diermt.  Sg.  f.  237  (imi) ;  Phil,  it  Landb. 
Cat-  Av.  ChiL  (Mendoza)  {An.  IMv.  Chile,  ixxi.  p.  270, 1868}  i 
Sternb.  J.f.  0.  1869,  p.  274;  HolU,  J.f.  0.  1870,  p,  20  (em); 
Ctnamtgh.  Nat.  Hat. Str.  ofMagdt.  p.  134(1870) ;  id.  P.  Z.S.  18>  1, 
pp.  106,  110,  pla.  vi.,  Ti.a  (osteology);  Hudson,  P.  Z.  S.  1872, 
pp.  634, 636 ;  Schleg.  Mut.  P.-B.,  Strathiones,  p.  7  (1873) ;  Leybold, 
Ereun.  Pampa»  Arjeat. p.  85  (1873),  e/.  Mart.  J.f.  0. 1876. p. 444; 
Gigl.  IXaggio  Magenta,  pp.  966,  962  (1875) ;  Harting,  Ottrichet 
4-  oar.  Farm.  pp.  85-02  (1877);  Gieb.  Thn.  Om.  iii.  p.  424 
(1877) ;  Dumf.  Ibii,  1877,  p.  48  (Chuput  Valley,  Patagonia), 
1878,  p.  406  (0.  Patagonia)  ;  BecrhtAm,  Wander,  tn  P^ag.  p.  50 
(1879);  id.  Ibii,  1879,  p.  385;  Forbet,  Ibii,  1881,  p.  176;  Sclat. 
Lid  Vert.  An.  8th  ed.  p.  554,  f.  61  (head)  (1883) ;  Parher,  P.  Z.  S. 
1883,  pp.  141,  142  (respiratory  orgaoi);  Gadow,  P.  Z.  S.   1886, 

r.  308-323,  ff.  3,  6  (skull),  f.  8  (digest  orgniwl,  f.  10  (twchpa), 
11  (foot);  Claran,  P.  Z  S.  1885,  pp.  324-327;  A.  Neat.  Ene. 
SrU.  9th  ed.  xx.  p.  506  (1886) ;  Bail,  Notet  of  a  Natural,  m  S. 
^nur.p.261  (1887):  PAi%>i;  Ornu.iv.p.lS9(Atikcaiua)  (1688|; 
Bcbit.  I  iTurfn.  Ajyent.  Om.  u.  p.  219,  Kg.  of  head  (1880) ;  Heine  u. 
Rchnw.  Nomencl.  Mwi.  Hein.  Om.  p.  306  (1890) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  8. 
1880,  p.  412  (Taraparf),  1891,  pp.  132,  137  (Canchoea,  TarapacA) ; 
Oud.  Miu.  Sc.  Cap  Bom,  Oil.  pp.  247.  334  (1891) ;  Sharpe,  Cat. 
Ott.  Specim.  R.  C.  S.  iii.  p.  419  (1891) ;  Berk.  Jamet,  New  Litl  ail. 
B.  p.  14,  Q.  256  (TarM»C8)  (1892) ;  Sdat.  P.  Z.  &  1892.  p.  473 
(in  captivi^) ;  Oil,  Zeiteehr.  f.  Oologa,  1893,  p.  34 ;  Blaauw, 
P.  Z.  S.  1893,  p.  632;  SchiU.  J.f.  O.  1894,  p.  11  (oology)  ;  A. 
Newton,  Diet,  of  B.  pp,  787,  788  (pt,  3,  ]8&i). 


hai  nollr  (he  prioriti  OTcr  that  of  Oould,  as  appears  from  the  fuUowing 
notice  publLihed  in  '  The  Hagaime  uf  Natural  Ilistai?,'  &c.,  Kew  Series,  oon- 
duoted  b;  Edward  Oharletworth,  lol.  i,  p.  C04,  Scpiembor  1837:— "We 
obMrre  oj  ■  lettar  vhick  laUly  appeared  in  one  of  the  French  KienliBc 
joumala,  that  H.  D'Orbisn)'  olaimi  the  right  of  baring  Srat  deecribed  the  RAfa 
brought  home  by  Mr.  Darwin  from  South  America,  and  which  Mr.  Oould 
namnl  a  few  manUu  since  B.  Darvnnii.  It  appean  thai  D'Orbigny  E>Te  it  ths 
ipeciSe  appellation  or  ft.  pemiata."  I  haie  not  been  able  to  find  the  French 
jouinal  oontaining  D'Orbigny's  letter. 


?  Rhea  amcdcoiUk,  Tteh.  (nw  Linn.)   Wiegm.  Areh.  1844,  i.  p.  309 

(Pern) ;  id.  Faun.  Per.,  Avti,  pp.  48,  693  (1846) ;  Tact.  Om.  IVr. 

iii.  p.  600  (1886). 
ATddfini  pettzo,  L.  A.  Ooue,  Bull.  Soe.  Acdim.  iii.  p,  297  (1856). 
Rhea  Bmeiicana,  aubsp.  d&nvimi,  Backing,  Arch.f.  ^aturg,  1863,  i. 

p.  213. 
Strutbio  darwinii,  Sternberg,  J.  f.  0. 1869,  p.  374. 
Ptorocnemia  darwinii,  6.  H.  Gr.  Hand-Hit,  iii.  p.  2,  n.  9844  (1871). 
Oetrich   [from  PatagDnial,   Chaicorli'Maetert,  At  Home   vith   Ikt 

Patagmiane,  p.  76  (1872). 
Pwrocnemi*  darwinii,  Selat,  ^  Salv.  Nomenci.  Av.  A'totrop.  p.  154 

(1873). 
Aveatnii  petise,  Dane.  Natural.  Fey.  round  the  World,  pp.  92-&4 

(1882). 

Advil.  General  pinmage  buff-brown,  moat  of  the  feathers  of  the 
back  and  of  the  quills  with  white  tips;  beneath,  throat  and  neck 
bnff-brown,  reet  of  the  under  Burface  whitish ;  front  of  tarana 
feathered  on  the  upper  part,  then  covered  with  amall  reticulate  acutee, 
and  on  tlie  lower  part  with  transverse  scutes :  bill  horn-brown  ;  feet 
yellowish ;  iris  brown.  Total  length  about  36  inches,  bill  &om 
gape  3'6,  tarsua  11. 

The  pinmage  of  the  yovng  is  dusky  grey,  without  white  and 
black  feathera  {Hvd«m), 

The  young  are  hatched  with  the  legs  feathered  to  the  toes. 

Hah.  Patagonia,  Argentine  Republic,  and  Chili,  as  far  north  ag 
tbe  ProTince  of  Tarapac^. 

o-d;  (J  ad.  rt.  et      [Chili.]  T.  Bridges,  Esq.  [C.]. 

juv.  et  pull  at. 


Order  III.    CASUARII. 

Hallux  absent.  Three  front  toes,  with  claws ;  middle  phalangos 
Bhortenod. 

Uaxillo-palatines  large,  fiiKed  with  vomer  and  pncmasilla. 

Vomer  long,  articulating  -with  palatinos  and  pterygoids. 

Procoracoid  process  small.  Clavicloa  rudimentarj'.  Tibia  without 
bony  bridge. 

Aft«rshaft  very  large,  aa  long  as  tbe  priacipal  shaft. 

Csca  small,  functional. 

Aastralasian. 


¥ 


Key  lo  the  FainiVus. 

No  casque  ( 
A  casque  oi 

m  the  bead  ;  bill  broad    . .      1.  Dromffiide,  p.  5S5. 
1  the  head ;  bill  narrow    . .      2.  Casaariida,  p.  590. 

Family  I.  DROMiEIDJE. 

The  DrQtnaid'r,  containing  only  one  genus,  Dronurut,  have  the 
lull  moderate  and  broad,  with  the  eulmen  at  the  base  elevated  and 
sloping  to  the  tip,  which  overlaps  that  of  the  under  mandible ;  the 
nostrils  placed  in  a  large  membranous  groove,  with  the  opening 
anteriorly  and  oblong  oval.  Wings  rudimentary.  Toil  not  appa- 
rent. Tarsi  very  long,  strong,  and  mostly  covered  in  front  with 
reticulated  scntes,  except  noar  the  toes,  where  there  are  a  few 
transverse  ones,  and  posteriorly  with  a  scries  of  rough  scales. 
Toes  moderate,  the  latend  ones  unequal,  the  inner  one  the  shoriest; 
the  claws  moderate,  strong  and  obtuse. 

Range.   Confined  to  Auetralia. 


I.  DBOH£US. 

Dromiceius  itrrure),  I'ieill.  Anaiyte,  p.  54  (ISIO).  . 
DromaiuB,  VieiU.  op.  cil.  p.  20  (ISIU) :  id.  N.  U. 

I.  p.  211  (1817). 
Dntiiueu9,  Raax.  El.  di  Xool.  iii.  1,  p.  88  (18:^1). 
Tscheii.  ffriit.  i*Ai;.o/ Zoo/,  ii.  p.  257  (1822J    .    ., 
DromieeuB,  Sic.  Cttm.  B.  u.  p.  SiB  (16.37). 
Dnuaoieus,  A.  Newton,  Did.  of  B.  p.  213  (note) 

(pt  1,  I8!«). 

Banijt,  Confined  to  Australia. 


L 


Key  to  tkt  Spteie*. 

a.  Feathers  of  the  body  uniform  ^juh,  with 

the  tips  black. 
a'.  Larger:   total  length   about  78  inches j 

feathers  of  the  neck  greyish,  with  the 

tips  black   navte  hnllandus,  p.  586, 

A'.  Smaller:   total   lenrth  about  5S   inches; 

feathers  of  the  neck  entirely  black    ater,  p.  588. 

b.  Feathers  of  tho  body  burred  alternately  with 

silky  whit«  and  darkish  grey  thiouehout 
their  length,  t«riuinating  in  a  hiack  tip, 
marj^ued  posteriorly  with  rufous irroratut,  p.  ^89. 

1.  Dromena  nova  hollandite. 

New  Holland  Caasowarv,  Phillip,  BU.  Bay,  p.  271,  c.  %  (1780); 
mtite,  Joum.  Vov.  N.  S.  Walei,  p.  129,  c.  fig.  (1790);  Lath.  Syn. 
Su;^.ii.  p.  290(1801). 

CasuariuH  novio  hollacdife.  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  0G6,  n.  2  (1790) ; 
Bonn.  Bnc.  Mith.  1.  p.  !>  (1790) ;  Shaw,  hat.  Mae.  ili.  pi.  99 
(I'M);  /%.  Prodr.  Mavim.  et  An.  p.  347  (1811);  I-Vemrry, 
Progr,  Speciin,  200I.  littau  obt.  prat,  otlei-l.  de  Casiurio  Kom 
HoUandia,  pp.  1-86  (1819) :  Cuv.  Rign.  An.  2Dd  ed.  i.  p.  497 
(1829) ;  Tkienem.  Fort^.  get.  Viig.  i.  Heft,  p.  3,  t.  i.  f.  2  (eng) 
(1845). 

Struttuo  noTEO  hoUandite,  Meyer,  Syst.-&immar.  Ueberi,  d.  neuit. 
Booi.  Erdd.  in  NetihoU.  u.  Afiika,  p.  69  (1703)  {/idr  BaniaHi). 

Emu  of  New  South  Wsles,  Coffin's  Voy.  ii.  pi.  iv.  p.  307  (1802). 

DromiceiuB  novte  hollandiie,   T'ieill.  Analyse,  p.  54(181tt):  Sieph. 


Gen.  Zool.  xL  2,  p.  439  (1819) ;  Leu.  Man.  it.  p.  210  (18%)- 
Dromaius  Bter,  part.,  ri«a.  JV.1>.  i.  p.  212(181i);  Lr»».  Tr.  d'Om. 

p.  0  (piirt.),  pi,  2.  f.  2  (1831) ;  Parker.  P.  H.  $.  186.%  p.  ol7  (sacral 


1. 


S!:*" 


Schmidt,  P.Z.S.  18S0,  p.  315  (durdtion  of  life);  Oatlot,  Frrm. 
tTAuir.  p.  241  ( 18»0) ;  Farbti,  P.  Z.  S.  1881,  p.  784  (Inw-hea) ; 
Sclat.  Lut  Vert.  An.  8th  ed.  p.  650  (part.)  (1883) ;  BiunceU,  Pr. 
Linn.  Sae.  N.  S.  W.  (3)  ii.  pp.  677-600,  pla.  viii.-ii..  cut*  (deve- 
lopment) (1887) ;  Gadou),  Zaol.  JaArb.  v.  pp.  636-fl38,  tt.  iliti., 
ihv.  (tracbeal  pouch)  (I8fl0) ;  £mru,  Ibii,  1891,  p.  84  (incuba' 
tion);  Bartni.  Kat.  rogrUamml.  p.  249,  n.  3610  (1891)  (Van- 
diBmenaJand  I) ;  Oat,  Zeiliehr.  f.  Oologie,  1892,  p.  34 ;  Oadow. 
Bronn't  Tkier-Bekht,  m.  4,  Avei,  p.  104  (1893) ;  A.  Saet.  JMet. 
of  S.  p,  213,  with  fig.  p.  214  (pt  1,  1893)  (formerlj  in  the 
i«Und9  of  Bmb  Strait  sod  Tannuiia) ;  &hal.  J./.  0. 1804,  p.  15 
(flTii,  eniend.). 

TacGea  novje  hollandiie,  Flem.  PhO.  of  ZooL  ii.  p.  267  (1822). 

V'an  Diemen's  L&Dd  Cassowarv,  Lath.  Oen.  Hilt.  viii.  p.  384,  pi.  138 
(1823). 

Emeu,  Wedfmeyer,  Fror.  Not.  ix.  no.  177,  pp.  7,  8  (1894)  (musku- 
losen  Boutel) ;  Cumiingh.  Fror.  Xot.  iviii.  no.  387,  p.  202  (1827); 
GraelU,  Buli.  Soc.  Imp.  Aeclim.  1861  (rearipff,  Ketiro). 

DroniMUs  dovk  hulliindik,  Xnar,  Edinb.  Phil.  Joam.  x.  pp.  132-137, 
187-140  (anst.  Btrucf.)  (1824) ;  id.  Fror.  A"o(.  Bd.  vi.  no.  127, 
pp.  26S,  264  (trachea)  (1834);  id.  Mee/ctTi  Arch.  f.  AnM.  1832, 
pp.  263-271,  271-373;  Q.  it  Or.  List  Gen.  B.  p.  63  (1840) ;  id. 
op.  cit.  2nd  ad.  p.  82  (1841);  Oulliv.  P.Z.S.  1842,  p.  141 
(bJood-corpuscles) ;  O.  K.  Gr.  Oen.  B.  iii.  p.  628  (part.)  (1844) ; 
id.  List  B.  Brit.  Mh>.  ili.  p.  64  (Van  Dianiea's  Land)  (1844) ; 
Leichardt,  Journal  Overland  Rep.  in  Auttr.  p.  360  (1847); 
Gould,  B.  Auitr.  vi  pi.  1  (pt.  33.  1848);  Rchnb.  Sun.  Ai:, 
Gallinaceffi,  t.  390.  S.  2306-13  (1848);  Sturt,  Ezjied.  Centr. 
Atutr.  ii.  Append,  p.  47(1849);  Jtehnb.  ^.  Av.,  A^ooiW*.  t  387. 
ff.  2694-99  (1851)  (fti'  Gould) ;  Licht.  Smnencl.  Ac.  p.  88  (18H) ; 
Zuchotdt,  Lf.  0. 1869,  p.  40 ;  Oould,  Bmtdb.  B.  Avtr.  ii.  p.  200 
(18ES5) ;  Bartm.  Zoul.  Oart.  1866,  p.  69 ;  G.  R.  Or.  Band-tut,  iii, 
p.  2,11.  9846  (1871);  Duchamp,  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  (5)  zvii.  art.  11, 
pp.  1-12,  pi.  23  (anatflmj)  (1673) ;  Schkg.  Mii».  P.-B.,  Strathionea, 
p.  7  (1873) ;  Oullie.  P.  Z.  &  1876,  p.  488  (blood-corpuadeB) ; 
Sanu.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  119  (N.E.  Queensland) ;  id.  Pr.  Linn.  Soc. 
N.  8.  W.  ii.  p.  196.  n.  657  (1878) ;  Mattm,  t.  c.  p.  276  (Port 
Darwin !)  (1878) ;  BamM.  Tab.  lAM,  p.  19,  n.  509  (1^8) ;  North, 
Doer.  Cht.  Xati  ^  Eggi,  p.  292  (1868). 

UromicBins  emu,  Strph.  Gen.  Zool.  liv.  1,  pi.  39  (1836). 

Neuhollondiacher  Caauar,  tTf^ner  in  Htutinffei'i  Zetttehr./.  organ. 
Phyt.  i.  pp.  5fl5-696  (1827)  (wing) ;  id.  in  I'iruta.  Bull.  8c.  Nat. 
IT.  pp.  162,  168(1828). 

New  (lollwid  Ostrich,  Macartney,  Brp-  Brit.  Auoc.  Ada.  Sc.  Qlh 
Meet.  1836,  Tranaict.  Sect.  p.  87  (1837)  (organ  of  voice). 

Dromiceui  auHtralia,  Sm.  Clou.  B.  ii.  p.  346  (1837) ;  Owen,  P.  Z.  8. 
1846,  p.  124  (index). 

Emu,  Milekea,  Three  Brped.  into  the  Inter,  of  B.  Auetr.  ii.  p.  280 
(1838) ;  Bennett,  Gather,  of  a  Natwal.  i»  Awitr.  p.  210  (i860)  i 
Tegattneier,  Field,  12lh  Sept.,  1868. 

Dromaiun  emeu,  Home^.  J.f.  O.  1869,  p.  S6R  (egga). 


Drom^  de  la  Nouvelle   Hollande,  OrarlU,  Bull.  Soc.  Imp.  Ac 
1861,  pp.  91-04  ;  Tourhard,  op.  cit.  1867,  pp.  2-7  (bn-eding). 
EmcudeU* "      ■        '■•■'•       - 


,  ,  .  ,'P'  2-7  (bn«QLJ  „. 

Nuuvelle  IloUande,  Le  Preiifre,  BhU.  8w.  Imp.  AecUm. 


Casoar  d'Auatralie,  Barracbin,  Bull.  Soc.  hnp.  Aedim.  1880,  pp.  238, 


588  DE01I.SlDJi. 

Adult  nude.  FcatbeTS  of  the  hoad  and  hind  neck  black,  short, 
hairy,  and  recurved;  naked  skin  of  the  aides  of  the  head  and  throat 
blue ;  feathers  of  the  body  grejisb,  with  the  tips  black  ;  feathers 
of  the  logs  grey,  with  smtjl  black  epota  at  the  tip ;  irides  brown  : 
bill  and  feet  blaokiah.  Total  length  about  78*74  inches,  tarsus  13-38, 
cnlmen  2*44. 

Female,  (Similar,  hut  somewhat  Bmallcr. 

Yoimg.  Darker  than  the  adult. 

Neatling.  "Greyish  white,  with  two  stripes  of  black  down  the  back, 
and  two  oth«rs  on  each  side,  each  subdivided  by  a  narrow  middle 
line  of  white — these  stripes  being  continued  along  the  neck  without 
aubdiviaion,  and  broken  into  irregular  spots  on  the  head ;  two  other 
broken  stripes  pass  down  the  fore  part  of  the  neck  and  breast,  and 
terminate  in  a  broad  band  across  the  thighs  "  (Gould). 

Hah.  Eastom  Australia,  from  Cape  York,  and  perhaps  also  from 
Fort  Essiogton,  to  Victoria  ;  formerly  also  Tasmania. 


b.  Pull.  sk. 
e,d.  Pull,  at 
ft  PulLrt. 
/.  Pull.  St 

tPuU.  St 
L  Ad.  sk. 
it.  Skeleton, 
I.  Skeleton. 


Australia. 

Port  Leschenault. 

Bred  in  confinement 
Bred  in  confinement. 
Bred  in  confinement 


Rev. 


G.   W.    Keightley 

Bates,  Esq.  [P.^. 

Zool.  Soc. 

G.  E.  Loder,  Esq.  [P.]. 
Surrey  Zool.  Card. 
Ronald  Gunn,  Esq.  [P.]. 
Lord  Lilford  [P.], 


2.  DronuBUB  ater. 


Hah.  Decrcs  or  Kangaroo  Liland,  bnt  uow  extinct,  and  only 
known  from  the  single  stuffed  specimen  and  the  skeleton  in  the 
P&m  Museum. 


3.  DronueiiB  Irroratns. 

,  Dromffius  irroratos,  Bartl.  P.  Z.  S.  1859,  p.  295  (S.  Australia);  id. 
Aim.  J  Moff.  N.  H.  (3)  v.  pp.  333-334  (1860) ;  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1860, 
p.  30a  (twe)  1  &Uat.  P.  Z.  S.  imi,  p.  311  (Albanv,  W.  Australia), 
pp.  248,  M9,  371  ;  id.  Ann.  *  Mag.  N.  H.  (3)  Ti.  pp.  219-215 
(i860) ;  Ed.  Ibis,  1860,  p.  310 ;  Sclat.  Tram.  ZmI.  Soc.  iv.  p.  360, 
pL  76(1882) ;  Ed.  lb!»,  1863,  p.  285;  Bmn.  Zoolog.  1863,  p.  8313, 
1604,  pp  8323,  9200-9206;  id.  Bull.  Soc.  Ittm.  Acdim.  1868, 
pp.  683-688;  Gieb.  The$.  Om.  iL  p.  59  (18/5))  Mo^th.  * 
HaHing,  Ostrieket  Si  Ostrich  Farm.  ■a.  145(1877);  Gadow,  Brotm's 
Tkier-Rekhi.  vi.  4,  p.  104  (1893J  ;  A.  Newt.  Di^.  of  B.  p.  214 
(pt.  1,  1893) ;  S6hal  J.f.  O.  1804,  p.  16. 
DronjMLw  irroratus,  Gould,  Ba«db.  B.  Auttr.  ii.  p.  304  (1865) ;  a.  R. 
Or.  Handrlia.  iii.  p.  2,  n.  9847  ;  Sdtleg.  Mtm.  P.-B.,  Struthionea, 
p.  7  (1873) ;  Bana.  Pr.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.  ii.  p.  106,  n.  658 
(1878);  id  Tab.  LUf,  p.  19,  n.  670  (1888);  NoHk,  Deter.  Col. 
NnU  *  Eggi  B.  Aw,tr.  p.  294  (1889). 
Dromieua  vovte  liollandis,  part.,  Sciat.  ImI  Vert.  An.  8th  ed.  p.  555, 
spedm.  d,  e,  n\  o'  (1883). 

SimiLir  to  D.  novm  holla/ulia,  but  is  easily  distingnishod  lijr  its 
spotted  plumage.  The  feathers  ^le  barred  alternately  with  silky 
white  and  diirkish  grey  throoghout  their  length,  terminating  in  a 
black  tip  margined  posteriorly  with  rufous ;  those  of  D.  novm  lul- 
landitr  are  uniform  greyish  from  the  base  to  the  extremity,  which 
it  black.  Oh  comparing  the  two  Lving  birds  together  wo  find 
i).  irroraiug  generally  of  a  much  more  slender  habit ;  the  tarsi  are 
longer  and  thinner,  and  the  toes  longer  and  much  more  slender;  the 
tarsal  scutes  are  smaller ;  the  irides  are  of  a  pale  hazel  instead 
of  a  reddish  brown  as  in  fl.  nouor  Ao??nnrfup.  (SclaUr.)  Naked  sHn 
round  the  ears  and  of  tho  throat  bine. 

Immnture  birdt  are  decidedly  darker  than  those  of  D.  novie 
hollandi^. 

Mah.  Western  Australia. 


a.  Ad.  sk.  (in- 
complete). 
ft.  Jut.  sk. 


Mra.    MscCttllum   [P.], 
(Type  of  speciep.) 


ciBVAttnoM. 


Family  II.  CASUARIID*. 

Bill  long,  compressed,  with  the  culiucn  currcd  to  the  tip,  which 
orerl&pa  that  of  tba  uuder  mandible ;  the  nostrils  placed  in  the 
middle  of  the  bill,  and  in  a  broad  membranous  grooTe,  with  the 
opening  anteriorly  and  auboval.  The  hoad  and  base  of  culmon 
ornamented  with  an  elevated  helmet ;  the  head  and  neck  denuded 
of  foathen,  the  naked  skin  brightly  coloured ;  the  neck  wattled. 
The  wings  rudimentary,  with  five  strong  ruutidcd  sbiifta  without 
webs.  Tail  not  apparent.  Tarsi  long,  robust,  and  covered  with 
large  hexagonal  scutes,  except  near  the  toes,  where  tbo  scutes  are 
transTeTse.  Toes  long,  the  lateral  ones  shorter  than  tbc  middle  one, 
the  out«r  the  longest,  and  the  inner  armed  with  a  very  long  powerful 
claw,  nearly  straight  and  acuminata  ■  the  other  claws  moderate, 
curved,  and  obtuse. 


1.  CASUABIUS.  _, 

Type. 
Cuuarius,  Brtit.  Om.  v.  p.  10  (1760) ;  LatA.  Ind.  Oni. 

ii.  p.  604  (1790)    C.  galeatus. 

Rhea,  Lac^.   {nee  Lath.)  M&m.  de  flmt.  iii.  p.  619 

(1800-1)  (=Ca6uai-iii8). 
Hippalectiyo,  Ghgrr,  Sand-  u.  SUf^.  pp.  xjusiii,  4."i2 

fl842)     C.  paleatus. 

Sangt.  Papuan  Subregion,  with  Northern  Australia. 
rC^.SALVAi>Oiti,T.,  MonogTsfiadel  genere  CVuunnW,  Briiis.  (Mem.  R.Ac. 
Sc.  Tor.  (2)  sjxiv.  pp.  173-217,  tt.  i.,  ii.  1882).] 


1.  CASCARiue.  5S\ 

b.  Cnsqiie  nith   the   hind  Burisce  flat,  rather 
broad  and  inclined  forward. 
r'.  A  single  pcfir~shBped  wattle  on  the  middle 
of  the  fore  neck,  which  with  the  lower 
part  of  the  neck  is  veltow. 
rf".  Wattle  larirer ;  head  and  upper  part  uf  [p.  607, 

the  neck  blue unitip/iem/irulatue, 

a".  Wattle  emidler;  head  and  upper  part 
of  the  neck  blue,  but  on  the  ocdput  a 

brofid  yellow  patch 'frijritalu,  p.  Clt8. 

if.  No  wattles  whatever  on  the  fore  neck. 
/".  Head  and  neck  THriMl  with  different 

<■'".  Throat    blue ;   lower  part   of   the 

hind  neck  orooge-red papuamu,  p.  6I>0. 

ff".  Throat  red ;  nape  blue pielicoUU,  p.  000, 

g".  Head  and  neck  tmarly  imiform  blue  , .  bennetli,  p.  GUI. 

1.  Caanariiu  tTicanmcalatna. 
Caeuariua  tricarunculatua,   Befc.  Ann.  Mim.  Cii<.  Gen.  vii.  p.  717 
(WarboBi)  {1876);  Sclat.  IbU,  1876,  p.  245:  id.  P.Z.S.  \Sii, 
p.214i  Miyn-, /./.  O.  1878,  p.20l!  Satrad.  Am. Mu>.  Civ.  Otn. 
lii,  p.  419  (nw  p.  4ii0)  (1878) ;  Sclat.  Ibi*,  1879,  p,  96j  Sahad. 
Ibit,  1879,  p.  105  (part.) ;  «.  Mem.  S.  Ac.  Se.  Tor.  (2)  ihit,  p.  184 
(1881);  id.  Ann.  Mm.  tVB.Gni.iviii.p.413,n,  1  (188-i);  id.  On. 
Fap.  e  Mol.  iii.  p,  473  (1882). 
The  type  of  thia  species  wns   a  live  young  bird,   bought  by 
Dr.  Bcccari  st  Slouni,  near  Warbusi,  on  the  west  coast  of  Oeelviok 
Bay.     The  bird  is  apparently  loat,  and  described  aa  being  eimilar  to 
C.  gidealiu,  but  provided  with  three  caruocteB — two  larger  higher 
up,  and  one  anmller,  median,  lower  down  on  the  middle  of  the  nock. 
Hah.  Weat  coast  of  fJeelvink  Bay,  near  Warbusi. 

3.  Casuarins  bicaruncnlatns. 
CaauariuB  bicBninculalus.  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  pp.  211,  248,  349,  f.  b 
(iuv.  ei  patria  imol*);  id.  Ibit,  181(0,  p.  310;  id.  Aim.  Sf  Mag. 
N.S.  (3)  vi,  p,  114{note),p.  145(18B0);  id.  Ibit,'imi,  p.  312; 
id.  Trmu.  Z.  S.  iv.  p.  358,  f.  6,  p,  364  (note),  pL  luiii.  n862) ; 
Criip,  P.  Z.  S.  1862,  p.  137  (gftll-Uadder) ;  ScAlfj/.  Jaarb.  aid. 
OatooUeh. Kal.  Art. Staff.  1862,  p. IBS;  id.  Dierent.,  regeU,v.330 
(1864);  Fiiuck,  JVeu-fium.  p.  180  {!8(lfi);  Sclat.  P.Z.S.  1868. 
p.  168;  F.  Sckleg.  Zoot.  Oart.  1866,  p,  178;  Schlfy.  N.  T.  D.  iii. 
pp.  SOO,  347  (1866) ;  id.  in  Rotfnb.  Rds  naar  Zuidoottereil.  p,  52 
(note)  (1807) :  Sclnt.  P.  Z.  S.  1889,  p.  140 ;  G.  B.  Or.  Iland-litt, 
iii.  p.  2,  np.  9849  (1871) ;  Oieb.  Thtt.  On,,  i,  p.  595  (1872) ;  Seht. 
P.  Z.  S.  1872,  pp.  150. 495,  pi.  xxvi. ;  Garrad,  P.  Z.  S.  1873,  p,  470 
(both  carotida),  p.  644  (muaclea) ;  Scht.  P.  Z.  S.  1873,  p.  519 ; 
Sehlfff.  Mm.  P.-B.,  Struthiones,  p.  10  (1873) ;  »wwi6.  J.  f.  O. 
1873,  p.  820;  id.  Bei»t.  naar  Gctttinkb.  p.  117  (1875);  Sclat. 
P.  Z.  8.  1875,  p.  87  ;  id.  Guide  la  the  Card,  of  the  Z.  8.  L.  p.  67 
(1877) :  Haritng,  Oilricha  S(  Ottr.  Farm.  p.  1 10  (1877) ;  Salvad. 
Ann.  Mil.  Civ.  Gen.  itii.  p.  316  (ad.  m  Brem.  Miu.)  (1S7><) ; 
Meytr,  J.f.  O.  1878,  p.  203;  id.  Ibit,  1879,  p.  96 ;  Roienb.  Mai. 
Arehip.  p.  373  (1878-79) ;  Seial.  LUt  Vert.  An.  Z.  S.  L.  7th  ed. 


682  oianARnnx. 

p.  472  (1870);  Gauid,  B.  Ntv>  Ouin.  v.  pi.  73  (pt.  xii.,1881); 
Sabad.  Mem.  JR.  Ac.  Sc.  Tor.  (2)  xxxiv.  p.  186,  t.  i.  f.  1  (he»d> 
(1881) ;  if.  Ann.  Mut.  Civ.  Gen.  xvili.  p.  414,  n.  2  (1882) ;  id. 
Om.  Pap.  t  Mol.  iii.  p.  475  (1882) ;  Sclat.  Lia  Vert.  An.  Stb  ed. 
p.  649  (1883) ;  Schal.  J.f.  O.  1894,  p.  19. 
PCaauariua  i^loatus,  Wall,  (nee    FKiB.)  Ann.  4-  Mag.  If.  K.  xk. 


p.  477  (1857). 

PCViuriua   emeu,   G.  R.   Gr.  {nee   Lath.)   P.  Z.  S.   185B,   p.   187 
(Btemum),  p.  196  (part.) ;  id.  Cat.  B.  New  Guin.  pp.  60, 61  (pMt.) 
(18G9) ;  Finteh,  Nfu-Ouin.  p.  180  (part.)  (18(Vi). 
f  Cnsuarius  kaupi,  G.  R.  Gr.  {nee  Rotenberg,  neqiie  Sclaler),  P.  Z.  S. 
1861,  p.  438 ;  Jtoeenb.  If.  T.  N.  I.  iiv.  p.  253  (nee  p.  261)  (1883)  ; 
id.  J.f.  0.  1864,  p.  135  {nee  p.  l&i). 
CRsuariufl  aruensia,  Sehleg.  N.  T.  D.  iii.  p.  347  (186(1). 
Caauarius   galeatua,  Roteiib.   {neo   VieiU.)   Eeii  naar  Zuidoo^tereil. 

p.  m  (1867). 

P  Caauarius  up.,  Meyer,  Zeitechr.  d.  get.  Om.  \.  p.  206  (eg)f  from  Aru 

Isl.)  (1884)  ;  Sdvud.  Mem.  R.  Ac.  Se.  Tor.  {■>)  slii.  p.  213  (1891). 

AdulL  Feathers  of  the  hody  blackiah  ;  casque  compTessed  on  the 

eideB,  not  very  high,  with  the  baae  narrow ;  head  greenish  blue ; 

neck  blue ;  lower  part  of  the  nape  vermilion ;  carunclea  far  apart 

on  the  sides  of  the  neck,  long,  and  purple-red. 

Toung.  Feathers  of  the  body  hrownish  ;  naked  skin  of  the  bead 
and  neck  bluish  grey  ;  caronclcit  brick-red. 

Hab.  Wammer  and  Kobroor,  N.  Ani  Islands. 
a.  Imm.  st  Zoological  Society. 

6.  Imm.  sL  Zoological  Socie^.  (Type 

of  species.) 
e.  Skeleton. 

d.  Imperfect  skeleton 

e.  Bones  of  apac.  6. 

'  '"  Aru  Islands. 


1. 


59» 


p.  64  (l&W) ;  Thienem.  Forlpfiata.  ga.  rdgtt,  p,  a,  1 1.  f,  1  (1845] ; 
Oidlie.  P.  Z.  S.  l»18,  p.  37  (.bliod-corpu»cle«) ;  lip.  Conutt.  Stnd. 
lUu.  p.  841,  a.  6  (1856) ;  O.  R.  Qr.  P.  Z.  S.  1800,  p.  962  ;  Fitueh, 
Ntu^uin.  p.  180  {ntut.)  (I860) :  O.  R.  Gr.  Hand-litt,  iii.  p.  ii, 
a.  B848  (!9Tl)i  SchUy.  Mm.  P.-B.,  Strotiione*,  p.  9  (1873); 
GuftV.  P.  Z.  S.  1875,  p.  4ad. 
Ouuariiu  galeatua,  Jionn.  E/ic.  MM.  i.  p.  4,  pi.  4.  f.  3  (1700); 
FiaU.  N.  D.  V.  p,  345,  pi.  B 1 1.  f.  1  (1816) ;  Merrem,  Ab\.  BerL 
Ah.  1819,  p.  179;  SiwA  Oen.  Zool.  xiv.  2,  p.  433,  pi.  39  (1818)  J 
Bom.  EUm.  di  Zool.  iii.  pt.  1,  p.  97  (18:31) ;  i'teOl.  QnL  dot  Oil. 
ii.  p.  77,  pi.  225  (1825) ;  Menem  in  Srtch  u.  eraber'i  JEniycL 
xv.n.US  (1826);  AUum,J.f.  0.  1854,  p.  sivi;  Cfoutd,  P.Z.8. 
1857,  p.  26S)i  Benn.  I.  c.  p.  720;  Humify.  J.  f.  O.  1859,  p.  355; 
Iklat.  IbiK,  1859,  p.  115 ;  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1800,  pp.  2i0.  250 ;  Blytk, 
Jhui,  18«0,  p.  307  i  Sdat.  t.  c.j.  310 ;  id.  Ann.  ^  Mag.  N.  H.  (3) 
?i.  p.  145(1800);  Des  Mum,  7'r.irOo/oyw,p.362  (1800);  Jtotenb. 
J.J.  O.  \m\,  p.  45 ;  Blutk,  Ibi>,  1862,  p.  7B ;  Cri»p,  P.  Z.  S.  1862, 
p.  137;  SetaL  /"ruw.  ZTS.  iv.  p.  358,  f.  o,  and  p.SttO  (ante),  pl.7l 
(1862) ;  ScUeg.  Jaarb.  zool.  OenotKh.  Nat.  Art.  Mag.  1862,  p.  1U6  ; 
Seiat.  P.  Z.  S.  1863,  p.  234 ;  SiAleff.  OiereiU.,  VogeU,  p.  238  (1864) ; 
fiWo(.  P.  Z.  S.  1806,  p.  188 ;  F.  SchUg.  Zool.  Gart.  I860,  p.  177 ; 
Buhl.  P.  Z.  a.  1867,  p.  170 ;  Miiiler,  t.  c.  p.  252 ;  Krefft,  t.  c.  p.  483 ; 
Selat.  P.  Z.  S.  1868,  p.  376,  1860,  p.  628 ;  H'aW,  Mtday  Are/ap. 
ii.  p.  156  (1869) ;  Fiomtr,  P.  Z.  S.  1871,  pp.  32,  33,  34,  36 ;  Sdat. 
P.Z.S.  1872,  pp.  160,  495;  Gieii.  Thee.  Om.  i.  p.  595  (1872); 
Garrod,  P.Z.k  1873,  p.  644;  Roemb.  J.  f.  O.  1873,  p.  390; 
HatMa.  J.f.  0.  1874,  p.  10;  Salat.  P.Z.H.  1875,  pp.  SO,  37; 
Harting,  Ottriehes  Sr  Ottr.  Farm.  p.  103,  with  pi.  (1877) ;  Sdat. 
P.  Z,e.  1878,  pp.  BO,  214;  Meyer.  J.f.  O.  1878,  p.  202;  Nathue. 
J.f.  0.  1879,  p.  340;  id.  Ibie,  1879,  p.  96;  ft&.  (.  c.  p.  376; 
Sounb.  Malay.  Archip.   p.  323   (1879);    ScUtt.  lAiit   Vert.  An. 

S472  (1879);    id.  P.  Z.  A   1880,  p,  315;   id.   Voy.   CAalieng., 
irdt,  p.  61  (1881)  ;  Snhad.  Mtm.  R.  Ac.  Se.   Tor.  (2)  xxxi?. 

p.  188,  t*v.  i.  t.  2  (1881) ;  id.  Am.  Mug.  Cie.  Gen.  iviii,  p.  414, 

n.  3  ( 1882) ;  PeU.  Ibie,  18H2,  p.  60H :  Salcad.  Om.  Pap.  e  Mot.  Hi. 

p.   479   (1882):    &-lat.   Liet   Vert.  An.  8th  ed.  p.  648  (1888); 

Yhebaull,  Bull.  Sac.  Phiiom.   (8)  iii,  pp.  198-210  |18fil) ;  £va7u, 

Am,  1891,  p.  84;   SAarpe,  Cat.  Qtleol.  Spet.  R.  C.  S.  iii.  p.  430 

(1891);  Sail-ad.  Mem.  R.  Ac.  Sc.   Tor.   (2)  xlii.  p.  213  (1891); 

&:Aal.Zeitichr.f.Oologie,lSd-2,\>.  II;  Oft,  ibid.  op.  16,  &i ;  fichal. 

J.f.  O.  18UI,  p.  18. 
CMuariiu  caguonue,  /%.  Prodr.  Mam.  et  Av.  p.  247  (1811). 
Hippslectryo  indicuti,  Oluyi^,  Uaad-  «.  HiUfb.  p.  452  (1842). 
CasuariuB  orientolis,  6'.  Miili.  Verb.  Land-  en  Vulkenk.  p.  109  (piirt., 

Cerftmimlv)  (1830-44);  Hartl.J.f.  O.  1664,  p,  257. 
J»v«Dt>se  (1)  bawowar)-.  Gvlliv.  P.  Z  S.  1846,  p.  26. 
Hippalectrjo  casuarius,  Sundrn.  Meih.  nat.  Av.  di»p.  Tent.  p.  152 

(1872);    Heine   u.  Rchnw.   Nomemi.   Mtu.   Hein.   Orii.   p.  305 

(Ceram)  (1800). 
a«ii«iuiJBruuensiii(I),  GuUiv.P.Z.S.  1875,  pp.  478,  4a«. 
CMuariua  beeciirii,  JW=.  {nee  Sclat.)  lbi»,  187!),  iip,  370,  377;  id. 

iMi,  188],  p.  401  (e^K). 

Adult.  Of  mediuiD  siie.  Fi'athers  of  the  body  black;  caaqiM 
compreased  on  the  sidee,  ratbtir  high,  witb  the  upper  edge  ratbor 
thiok,  the  posterior  edge  almost  perpendicular,  much  ehort^r  tfaSD 

TOL,  XSTH.  2  4 


6fl4  CtBl'AKlID^. 

the  snterior  one  ;  he&d  pale  greeniiih  blu? ;  neck  parple-blue,  red  on 
the  hind  part;  naked  surface  on  eacb  side  of  the  oeck  parple-red, 
edged  vith  blue  anteriorly ;  caruiickit  close  togclhcr,  flet>h-colour. 
Total  lenp;tb  about  60  inches,  bill  from  gape  4'UI,  tarsus  10*1^2, 
nail  of  inner  toe  314. 

Younff,  Feathers  of  the  body  brown  ;  bead  and  neck  covered 
with  abort  feathers  ;  canque  very  low  ;  caruncles  very  short ;  skin 
of  head  and  nock  blue,  of  bind  neck  ochreous  yellow. 

Hah.  Ccrani. 

Purchased. 

Purchased. 

Zool.  Soc. 

1  Jdth  do  Jeude  Cull. 

Purchased. 

Purchased. 
ZooL  Soc. 


a.  Ad.  at. 

b.  Intnl.  8t, 

c.  Juv.  St. 

e.  Skeletiin. 

/.  Inipurfcct  skBleton. 

g.  Sternum  ors|ii-c.  e. 


4.  CuoariDS  anstraliB. 

Casuarius  HUBtralin,  Wall,  llhufr,  St/ifn.  Herald.  18^,  3rd  June; 
Oottid,  F.  Z.  8.  1857,  pp.  200,  270;  O.  H.  Or.  I'.  Z.  &  ISW, 
p,  HW ;  id.  Cat.  H.  Xrw  Ouin.  p.  61  (1859) ;  SdaL  P.  Z.  S.  liWO, 
p.S!10;  irf.  JJm,  IBCO,  p.  310 ;  S.  TV.  Zoo/.  Soc.  iv.  p.SWO  (1862); 
SehUg.  Jaarb.  anoi.  GeruttacA.  Ifal.  Art.  Mag.  \m>,  p.  200;  Gnuld, 
Mandb.  B.  Awtr.  ii.  p.  200  (1805) ;  F.  Scklrg.  Zool  Gart.  leW, 
p.  ISO ;  Scial.  P.  Z.  S.  18«fl,  pp.  1S8, 667,  &  1807,  p.  342 ;  Bran. 
P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  473 ;  Srlat  1'.  Z.  S.  1868,  p.  376 ;  id.  Ibit,  1j*68, 
p.  S48;  Sani».  P.Z.S.  1808,  pp.  381,  8H8;  Gould.  B.  Auttr., 
Stippt.  pis.  70,  71  (pt.  i.,  1&A>)  ;  Krefft,  Ibit,  1M»,  p.  348;  Ibi», 
18/0,  pp.  119,  12(1;  O.  B.  Gr.  Iland-lia,  iii.  p,  2,  a.  S861 
(18'l)i  rimcer,P.Z.S.  1871,  p.  32  and  full,  (skeleton);  Selat. 
P.'/..H.  1871,  p.  -M?  (a  specimen  in  ™i)fioftait'i)t);  Gieli.  Tht/. 


595 

Smilar  to  C.  galeatiUt  but  larger.  Feathers  of  the  body  blsck ; 
casque  brovrn-black,  coupressed  on  tlie  sides,  very  high,  witb  the 
apper  margin  tliin,  the  poaterior  margin  Hometimea  scarcely  shorter 
than  the  unt^rior  one ;  oakeii  skju  of  head  pale  greenish  blue  ;  fore 
neck  deep  blae,  lower  hind  tieek  reil ;  caruncles  close  together,  very 
large,  red, 

Vottruf.  Feathers  of  the  body  brown ;  on  the  forehead  only  a 
frontal  horny  shield ;  naked  skin  on  the  sides  of  the  nock  blue ; 
caruncles  small  (Ramniij). 

Mali.  N.E,  Australia,  from  Cape  York  to  Rocldngham  Bay, 


a.  ^  P  ad.  St. 
.  $?ad.  Bt. 

RockiDRham  Bay,  N.E. 

Aiistralid. 
Queenaland. 

P.  L.  Sdater,  Esq.  [P.]. 
Maquis  or    Nonnaoby 

^.-  Juv.  el  p,.U. 

QaeanBland. 

Sslvin^odman  Cell. 

5.  CasQariuB  Balvadorii. 

Casuarius  altijugus,    Sclat.  Na/ure,    ivii,    p.  375   (Wandnmrnen) 

(187e)»i  Salrad.  Ann.  Mm.  Cii\  Gen.  lii.  pp.  420,421, 422  (1878)  j 

Edd.  Ibis,  1678,  p.  481 ;  Sahad.  Ibi>.  1679,  p.  Ift). 
Casuariua  Balvadoiii,  Ou*i.  Atmt.  Se.  de  France,  Bull.  no.fi.'W,  p,  360 

(23rd  Febr.,  1878) ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  pp.  213,  314,  fig.  p.  213 ; 

Jtfwfr,  J.  f.  0.  1878,  pp.  202,  203 ;  Salvnd.  Aim.  Mm.  Civ.  Om. 

lii.  pp.420,  421.  422  {1878)  1  £*f.  iWi,  1878,  p.  481,  l(t79,p.  96; 

Salvad.  IhU,  1870.  p.  105 ;  Pelz.  IbtM,  18T9,  p.  377 ;  Salvad.  Mem. 

Jt.Ac.Sc.  ror.{2)xxwT.p.204(note>t»v.i.f.5(1881);  id.  Om. 

Pap.  e  Mol.  iti.  p.  488  tnote)  (1^2). 
Caaaarius  tricarunculatus,  part.,  Sali>ad.  Ann,  Mut.  Civ.  Om.  kI. 

p.  420  (1678) ;  Edd.  Ibii,  1876,  p.  481. 

A  species  not  verj-  well  known.  The  tj-pe  in  the  Paris  Museum 
is  not  fully  adult ;  the  plumage  is  partly  brown ;  the  casque  is  low, 
and  shows  no  characteristic  form ;  the  caruncles  are  quite  separated 
from  the  origin,  and  are  somewhat  distant  one  from  the  other, 
perhaps  by  the  distension  of  the  skin.  Dr.  Oustalet,  however,  in 
the  origirol  description,  says : — "'  La  caroncle  de  la  gorge  est  torte- 
ment  biflde,  comme  dans  Ic  C.  btcearti,"  which  is  not  quite  enact. 

The  type  of  Catiuiritu  altijugat  appears  to  be  fully  adult ;  has 
the  cas(jue  very  high,  with  both  the  anterior  and  po.iterior  edi;oa 
Tcry  thick :  the  wattles  are  two,  on  each  side  of  the  median  line, 
closely  approximating  at  their  base,  but  divided  dovi  n  nearly  to 
their  origin,  and  about  3  inches  in  length.  Whole  length  about 
fi  feet,  tarsus  12'5  inches,  middle  toe  H'5,  bill  from  gape  7'5. 

Nothing  i*  known  about  the  colours  of  the  naked  skin  of  Iha 
bead  and  neck. 

This  species  comes  nearest  to  C.  gaUatu*  and  C.  awttralit. 


9  wai  williclruwn   by  the  aullior  in  farour  of  Ehe  ni 


BtA.  Western  coast  of  Geelvink  Bay,  near  the  soathem  ex- 
tremity. 

a.  Ad.  Bt.         Wandaintni-n,  Oeclvink  Bay,         L.  Laglaize  [C.J     (Type 
May  l67i>.  uf  Casvarau  altijuj/ut,  Sclat.) 


6.  Caauarios  beccarii. 

FCaBuarius,  ep.,  S.  Mull.  Verk.  Land-  en  Volkenk.  p.  ^3  (UtasaU, 

IMneeas  Marianne  Strait)  (1830-44). 
?  CaauariuB  orientalis,  S.  JUull.  op.  cit.  p.  lOi)  (part.,  ex  Nova  Guinea) 

(1839-44). 
Casuariua  becearii,  Sdat.  F.  Z.  S.  \>g7a,  p.  8",  ft.  ],  a  in  p.  PO  (Vo- 

kan,  Aru  1.),  p.  mi,  pi.  Iviii.  (S,  New  fiiiiuea),  nud  p.  5:J3 ;  {<!. 

Nature,  lii.  p.  51«(1875);  Salcad.AHu.Mun.  Cir.Ofn.  vii,  p.7J7 

(note)  (1875) ;  &/n/.  i'.Z.S.  lertj.ii.  414|Uve  spi^cim.):  Uarling, 

Oifricheg  ^  0»tr.  Fann.  p.  107  (18/7) :  Forbet,  P.  X.  fl.  1877,  pp. 

307,310  (cloaca  and  burwi  Fubricii);   iAnr/w.Jiw,  1877.  p.  3:>oi 

Sclat.  ^  Salr.  Ibu,  ie77,p.  372  (note) :  Oiat.  Aiaoe.  !^.  rfe  Froiire, 

Bull.  no.  i>3»,  p.  330  (1878);   Meyer,  J.f.  0.  1W8,  pp.  l>Oi>.  300; 

Salcad.AnH.JSiiii.  Cic.Geii.  xii. pp. 421, 423 (1878);  Ifclof.l'.X.S. 

1878,  p  214;  Sdat^Salclbi',  1878,  p.481,  187!l.  p.  Wi;  D'Alb. 

*  Salead.  Ann.  j»/k».  Civ.  Gen.  siv.  pp.  130- Ur>,  ff.  pp  137,  l:W. 

140,  141,  143,  143  (1879);   £d.  I6u,  187!>,  p.  4&J;   Sclnt.  Lint 

VeH.  Art.   p.  472   (1870);    If  Alb.  Kaaea   Guin.   pp.  41»4,  6lJH 

<1880);  ShoTM,  Jhu,  1881,  p.  ■'■00;  Salvad.  Mem.  It.  Ae.  Sc.  Tor. 

(2)  sixiv.  p.  107,  tav.  i.  £  5  (1881);  id.  Awn.  M«».  Civ.  Gen.  xriii. 

p.  414,  n.  4  (1882) ;  id.  Om.  Pap.  e  Mol  iii.  p.  484  (1882) ;  Scial. 

Lilt  Vert.  An.  8th  ed.  p.  540  (1883) ;  ScRal.  J.f.  O.  I«M,  p.  21. 
Casuariua  bicarunculatiu,  Bece.  {nee  Sclat.)  Ann.  Mtu.  Cic.  Geu.  Tii. 

p  717  (IS'S)- 
Caauarius  australiB,  D'Alb.   [nee  Wull]  Sydn.  Mail,   1877,  p.  143; 

id.  Aan.  Mut.  Cic.  Om.  x.  p.  19  (1877)  ;  id.  Ibi».  1P77,  p.  373, 
"  '   a  Bclaterii,  Sa/ifd.  Ann.  Aluf.  Cii    ''  "  '"  " 


1.   CAaClBIUI. 


S97 


Young.  Featbera   reddish  brown;    caaqne   scarcely  prominoat; 

caruncle  email,    with  the  two  lobes   divided  nearly  to  the  bitso. 
{Mil*.  Oenaa.) 

l/ab.  Vokan,  Aru  Islands,  and  S.  New  Guinea  along  the  Fly 
fiiver. 

Tmm.  St.  Aru  laknds*.  '  Challenger' Eiped. 

mn.  St.  S.E.  New  (iuinea.      (Died         Zool.  Soc. 

and  Fnbr..  1879,) 
id.  sk.  Port  Moresby,  8.E.   New         A.  Ooldie  [C.]. 

Ouinaa. 
nm,  ek.  Fly  River. 

imm.  »k.  Coast  orS.E.  Npw  GuintiB 

opposite  Comwallis  lol. 
(DiedDtb  Dec,  187(1.) 
Ilfi  Skeleton      of 
ipecimen/. 


Purehiuied, 
Zool.  Soc.     (Type  of 
Ciauarim  telateri, 

Sftlvad.) 


7.  Casoaiiusimiappeiidicalatus. 

Casuarius,  n,  sp..  Blyth,  Ibi»,  IW.IO,  p.  193  ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1860, 
p.  210;  id.  Ann.  ^  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (3)  vi.  p.  1J5  (1860). 

Cfuiiarioa  umappeDdiculatus,  Bli/th,  J.  A.  S.  B.  xxix.  p.  11^  (juv.) 
(11*60);  id.  Ann.  ^  Mag.  Nat.  Hilt.  (3)  vi.  p.  113(1860);  Sdat. 
ibid,  (note) ;  Blyth,  Ibis,  1860,  p.  307:  Selat.  t.  e.  p.  310 ;  BemtrH, 
I.  c.  p.  403,  pL  14  (iuT.) ;  iSctat.  Aid.  et  p.  420, 1861,  p.  312 ;  BlytA, 
J.  A.  S.  B.  III.  p.  195  (1861)  ;  ll/is,  1863,  p,  78 ;  Sclaf.  Tram. 
Zool.  Soc.  iv.  p.  369,  pi.  74  (jur.)  (186i);  Sehleg.  Jaarb.  tool. 
Genetmrh.  Nat  Art.  Mag.  1862,  p.  198,  pi. ;  id.  Dierent.,  VogeU, 
p.  23»,  f.  p.  240,  et  tabula;  Setat.  P.  Z.  B.  1863,0.  2-2'i;  Fiiach,  JVeu- 
Guin.  p.  180(1865};  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1866,  pp.  34,  168;  P.  Sckbq. 
Zaol.  Oarl.  l&'M,  p.  na ;  ScAleg.  Ned.  Tifdickr.  Ditrk.  \ii.  ff.2S0, 
347  (1806);  id.  in  Soienb.  JieU  naar  ZuidoMUreS,  p.  52  {note) 
(18117);  'VWrf,  Sappl.  B.  Amtr.  pis.  74,  75  (1869) ;  Newt.  Ibit, 
1870,  vp.  IIH,  IW-.SeMfg.  Ned.  Tijdechr.  Z)irrA.  jv.  p.  53  (1871) ; 
G.  R.  Gr.  Handnlia,  iii.  p.  2,  n.  fl8.)2  (1871) ;  Giob.  The*.  Om.  i. 
p.  595  (1H72) ;  Selat.  P.  Z.  S.  1873.  pp.  U7,  149,  150;  Sehleg. 
Mu».  P.-B.,  Struthionas,  p.  10  (1873)  ;  Soterib.  Joum.  f.  Om. 
1873,  p.  390;  Meuer,Sit.iA.  k.Ak.  lVi»K««eh.  at  (Twn,  Ixii.  p.  218 
(1874)  ;  Sclat.  /4m,  1874,  p.  417  ;  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  pp.  247,  495; 
id.  P.  Z.  S.  1875,  p.  85,  pi.  ai.  ff.  1. 2  (juv.).  pp.  87,  533 ;  Bounb. 


r  Gedmnkh.  pp.  17,  69,  117  (1875)  ;  Becc.  Am.  Mug. 
rii.  p.  717  (1875)  ^  Salrad.  ibi/l.  p.  719  (1675) ;  Sclat. 


Rei»l.  \ 
Civ.    Getl 

^M,  1876,  p.  244;  id.P.Z.  S.  1876,  pp.  244,' 414  (specdm.  alive); 
Fnrbei,  P.  Z.  S.  1877,  pp.  307, 313, 314, 316  (bursa  Fabricii) ;  Sttai. 
P.  Z.  8.  1877,  p.  419  (specim.  alive  in  Amsterdam)  ;  Harting, 
OaCrichfi  ^  Oefr.  Farm.  p.  113  (1877);  Oh«(.  P.  Z.  S.  1878, 
pp.  389,  390 ;  Salmd.  Ann.  Mai.  Cie.  Gen.  xii.  p.  346  (Sarone), 
p.  424  (1878) ;  If,i»,  1878,  p.  482;  Mei/er,  Joiini.  /.  Om.  1878, 
p.  203  ;  Boienb.  Matay.  Areiiiji.  p.  306  (eum  %.  capitis),  pp.  481, 
683  (1878-79) ;  Ibis.  1879,  p.  06;  Oiidot.  Perm.  d.  Aiilr.  u.  237 
(1880)  i  Salead.  Mum.  R.  Ac.  Sc.  Tor.  (2)  xixiv.  p.  206,  t»v.  ii. 


w  birds  u  hsving  been  procured  hIitb  at  TmiaW. 


S98  CIBDAKIID.E. 

f.  e  (1881)  i  id.  Ann.  Mu».  dv.  Gm.  xriii.  p,  414,  n.  6  (1883) ; 
id.  Ont.  Pap.  e  Mot.  iii.  p.  41)0  (1882) ;  Sclat.  LitI  Vert.  An.  8th 
ed.  p.  649  (1883) ;  Bfdd.  P.  Z.  S.  1886,  pp.  145, 146  (wi-wcs) ; 
Meyer,  Abh.  Mtu.  Dretd.  no.  3,  taf.  2  (e^)  (1893) ;  Sckal.  J./.  O. 
1894,p.23(egp). 

CasuonuH  kaupi,  Rotenh.  Aaluurk.  Tiididir.  ArderL  Ina.  ixiu.  p.  43, 
tab.  (1861) ;  iii.  Jmm.  f.  Om.  IBGl,  p.  44,  taf.  i.;  Sclat.  Ibit, 
1861,  p.  312;  id.  Tram.  Xool.  Soc.  iv.  p.  360  (note)  (1802) 
Sch/tff.  Jaarb.  sool.  flenuUeh.  Xal.  Art.  Mag.  1862,  p.  199 
Soaenb.  Natmirk.  Tijdtehr.  Ktd.  Ind.  xxv.  p.  L'hl,  n.  240  il8»!3) 
id.  Jmm.f.  Om.  1864,  p.  136,  n.  246 ;  Finick,  Sru-Guinea,  p.  Isl 
(1865)  ;  Sdal.  P.  Z.  S.  18C6,  p,  168 ;  F.  Schleg.  Zool.  Gart.  I860, 
p^ieO;  Rotenb.  Efi»  Haar  Zuidoostfrfil,  p.  W  (1807):  Xetcton, 
Ibit,  1870,  p.  120:  Srhlei/.  Mut.  P.-B.,  Stnithiones,  p.  12  (1873); 
Potmb.  Joum.  f.  Om.  1873,  p.  370;  itf.  Malay.  Areiip.  p.  663 
(1878). 

CasiiariiiB,  ap,,  Salrad.  Ann.  Mm.  Ciii.  Gen.  x.  p.  167,  pp.  ISO 
(Sorong,  juv.)  (1877), 

Adult.  Peatbers  of  the  body  black;  casque  dark  olive,  of  tbe 
shapo  of  a  triangular  pyramid,  with  the  posterior  surface  nearly 
oval ;  bead,  throat,  and  hind  neck  bluo ;  lower  part  of  the  Deck, 
with  the  eingle,  pear-shaped  caruncle,  yellow ;  naked  skin  on  the 
lower  part  of  the  sides  of  the  neck  flesh-colour,  surrounded  with 
yellow.  Total  length  about  65  incheH,biU&onigapca-32,  tarsus  11, 
nail  of  inner  toe  3-30. 

Young.  Pale  fulvous,  with  longitudinal  brown  hands  on  the 
upper  parts  and  on  the  thighs. 

Ilab.  Salwatti  and  the  opposite  coast  of  N.W.  New  Guinea. 


I.  Caat  of  the  bead  of  the 
type  of  Catuariut  kaupt. 


Salwatti. 


Darmstadt  Mus. 


599 

Very  similar  to  C.  tiniapjiendieulatug,  but  differa  in  liavi»g  a 
riuiigular  yellow  patch  on  the  occiput,  the  posterior  surface  of  the 
caaquo  narrower,  the  single  earuncle  smaller.  The  casque  is  pale 
I  Qlive ;  bill  snd  feet  dark  olive.  Total  leugtb  65  inches,  bill  from 
17,  tarsus  II,  nail  of  inner  toc2-75.  (Type,  Mm.  Oeiioa.) 
A  very  old  bird  in  the  Paris  Uaseum  differs  from  the  type  in 
laving  the  casque  much  higher,  with  the  posterior  part  baaally 
narrow,  and  broadened  into  a  flat  surface  towards  the  tip ;  the 
■'Ulterior  edge  is  decidedly  more  convex. 

I  have  examined,  in  the  Paris  Museum,  the  type  of  C  hujlaizii, 
irbicb,  ID  my  opinion,  is  a  small  specimen  of  the  present  species. 
Hnh.  J  obi. 


L.  Laglaiie  I C-' 
LLbkIi'  •■"' 
I..  Lagh 


I 


'.  Caan&riuB  papaanuB. 

PCMuariiwemen,  part.,  Z-;«i.  Voy.  COqA.-ot.^,  p.  717  (New  Guinea) 
<1828) ;  id.  Man.  iCOm.  ii.  p.  20H  (paH.)  (1828) ;  id.  Tr.  ^Om, 
p.  7  (pnrt.)  (1831) ;  Sclat.  Journ.  Lmn.  Soe.  il  p.  168,  so.  183 
(1866);  O.  It.  Or.  P.  Z.  8.  1868,  p.  I91J  (part.) :  td.  Cat.  B.  h'mo 
Ovin.  pp.  50,  61  (part.)  (1859) ,  id.  P.  Z.  A:  ItlOl,  p.  43(i ;  FtTUck, 
Seu-Guin.  p.  180  (pan.)  (1865). 

?  Oosuorius  orientalia,  A'.  Mall.  Verk.  Land-  e 

[\ma-AA). 

Casuarius  bennettii,  Schkg.  (nr 

D.  5.1  (New  Guinea)  (1871), 
Caauarius  papUBDUS,  Roienb.  i 

examined):  iil.  Mm.  P.-B 

SotfTib.  J.  /.  0.  1873, 


1.  100  (part.) 

;  Gould)  Nri!.  Tijdx-hr.  Uierk.  iv. 

lUt.;  SchUg.  t.  e.  p.  64  (1871)  (tvpe 
Btruthiones,  p.  U  (Andai)  (1873) ; 
90,  S91 ;  Afeycr,  8Uxb.  k.  Ak.  Win. 
Ixixr  pp.  21B,  ilY  (1874) ;  Selal.  Ri».  1874,  p.  417 ;  id. 
P.  Z.  S.  187o,  pp.  86,  87  ;  Kotenb.  Rant,  naar  Ot^vinkh.  pp.  a4, 
117, 144,  pi.  xvii.  (1875);  Bter.  Ann.  Mu$.  Civ.  Gm.  vii.  p,  717 
(187fi);  Salrad.  ibid.  p.  796  (Andai)  (1875);  Srlut.  Ibit,  1876, 
p.  258;  BartoHf,  Ottnche*  ^  0*tr.  Farm.  p.  118  (1877) ;  OiuC. 
5>.ZS.  1878,  p.389;  Mfyer.J.f.O.  1878,  pp.  200,  201,  203,  39(»; 
Ibit,  1879,  p.  48^>,  1870,  p.  06;   Jfa-nit.  Malay.  Archip. 


P.  Z  S.  1 878,  p.  389 ;  Meyer.  J.  f.  O.  1 878,  pp.  2 

Ibit,  1878,  p.  48^»,  1870,  p.  06;   Jfawsit.  Malay.  Archip.  pp.  fm, 

605(1870);  Salvad.  Mem.  R.  Ac.  &.  Tar.  (2)  xxxiv,  p.  210,  tav.  ii. 


r.8  (head)  (1881);   id.   Am.  Mu*.   do.   Otn.  : 
(1882) ;  id.  Orn.  Pap.  e  Mot.  iii.  p.  495  (1882) ;   Se^.  J.  /.  O. 
1894,  p.  20  (egg). 
Cftsoaniui  Vaupi,  Sdat.  {nee  Jlomtb.)  P.  Z.  8.  1871,  p.  627  (Mnn-i- 
nam),  1872,  up.  147,  140,  150,  pi.  ix.  (Mansinam),   187U,  p.  474; 
Miyer,  8itz.  k.  Ak.   Wiu.  Wien,  l*ii.  pp.  216,  217  (1874) ;  StM. 


CasuariuH  westetmanni,  Selal.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  248  (type  axorained  I ; 
id.  Ibit,  1874,  p.  417  (note) ;  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1875,  pp  86,  87, 880. 
pi,  xix.  i  id.  A'ature,  xi.  p.  516  (1876) ;  id.  Ibit,  1876,  pp.  24li, 
268 ;  Ilarting,  Otiriches  *  0.(r.  Farm.  p.  UB  (1877) ;  Sliarpt,  Ihif, 
1877,  p.  326 1  Oouid,  Ii.  of  New  Gum.  i 
M-jer,  J.f.  O.  1 —        —  —  —  - 


p.  380;  J}M,lS78,p.482,lB70,p.9G;  Sclttl.  Liil  I>rf.^.7died. 

p.  4TS  (1870) ;  id.  op.  ei"(.  8th  ed.  p.  540  (1883). 
Ca«uariu»,  up.,  Mei/er,  iSitxh.  k.  Ak.  Wit.  Wirn,  liii.  p.  216  (1874). 
Caauarius  edwardliii,   Outl.   P.X.  S.   1878,  p.  :W»,  pi.  ixi.  (Dorei)i 

Salvad.  Ann.  Mur.  dr.  Gen.  xii.  p.  -li")  ( 1878) :   JlchmB.  J.  /.  O. 

1878,  p.  2IXi ;  .lfpy#r,  J.  f.  0. 1878,  pp.  L'Uil,30:> ;  Sclat. 4-  Sa/r.  /6i«, 

I87fl,p.  483,  18"»,  p.W. 

Adult.  Feathers  of  the  bodj-  blaek  :  the  casque  is  blackish,  and 
has  the  i<hape  ot  a.  trinngular  pyrumlil,  with  the  poaterior  surfacu 
flat  and  inclined  furwarils  ;  no  caruncles  whatever ;  head,  throat, 
and  fore  neck  blui';  occiput  and  auricular  region  greenish  (frey  ; 
hind  neck  orange,  chan;^ng  into  flesh-colour  on  the  naked  area  of 
the  lower  part  of  the  sides  of  the  neck ;  feet  greenish  grey ;  iria 
hlackish.  Total  length  about  55  inches,  taraus  10':22,  bill  from 
gape  4-70,  nail  of  inner  toe  .^-OT. 

yomi<i.  Brown,  with  the  shafts  of  the  featliers  hlnckish. 

Hub.  North-Wuslcrn  New  Guinea,  from  Dorei  to  Kmbcrbaki. 


a.  Ad.  St. 


Zool.  Soc.  (Reeeivt^  20lh  Sept.,  1871.) 
(Type  of  C.  uxalermaniii,  S;;lat.) 


10.  CasnariaB  picticollit. 

Uafinariug  piclicollis.  Sr/nt.  Hrp.  Brif.  Atunr.  Irt74,  p.  138;  id.  P.  Z.  S. 
Iffrr,,  pp.  al,  8.j,  |.1.  iviii.  (Milnu  IJav,  S.E.  Xcw  (5uincin.  p.  349 
(voiiug,  Milne  Mk'.]  ;  id.  Hep.  JJi-il.  A'm^.IBTH,  p.  112:  id.J.f.  0. 
187tl,  P.2.W;  id.'P.Z.li.  187(1,  p.  414  (sjM-cim.  in  iwnfiuement)  ; 
ill.  Lint  Vert.  An.  <ilh  ed.  p.  4:.','!  (1877) ;  Oaubl,  B.  .Vrir  fiuui.  t. 
pi.  14  (pt.  v.,  1877);  Furbf»,  P.  Z.  fi.  lf*77,  pp.  307,  31/i.  3ia 
(eloacal ;  Harling,  Onlriekri  ^  (Mr.  Fiirm.  p.  I:il  (1877) ;  Sharpr, 
/6m,  1877,  p.  ;152  ;  Meyrr,  J.f.  0.  1878,  p.  203 ;  Sc/at.  Ibis,  1870, 
J.  Oti;  Shir/K,  ibid.  p.  116  (typL') :  Sc-lat.  List  I'n-f.  A».  7tb  ed. 


Casque  anil  base  of  bill  blank  ;  tip  of  the  bill  horny  blank  ;  throat 
blood-red,  but  the  chin  and  the  mesial  part  of  the  throat  flesh- 
colour,  with  longitudinal  blue  stripes  on  the  ehiii  ;  ears  surrounded 
with  a  blue  band  nboTe  and  posteriorly,  this  baud  extends  forwards 
under  the  ejee  :  below  this  baud  there  is  an  irregularlj'  rbomboidal 
patch  of  a  pale  purple  ;  hied  part  of  the  head  and  nape  bine,  deeper 
on  the  occiput,  lighter  on  the  mesial  part  of  the  nape  and  on  the 
lover  part  of  the  hiud  neck ;  a  red  naked  patch  on  the  sides  of  the 
nock  lower  down,  surrounded  with  a  blue  band  ;  between  this  red 
patch  and  the  red  Ibrout,  on  the  aides  of  the  neck,  there  is  a  trian- 
gular puqtto  patch,  surrouuded  with  a  blue  baud.  Iris  hazel- 
Oolonr ;  feet  horay  grey ;  plumage  black.  Tot^  length  about 
55  inches,  bill  from  gape  4-70,  tarsus  9'60,  claw  of  inner  toe  4-90, 

Ilati.  8outh-east«rn  New  Guinea. 

a.  Ad.  St  Disooven-     Bay,    S.E.         Zool.  Soc.      (Rec.  27th  May, 

N,dw  Ouini'R.'  1874  :  died  10th  ^ct.  1876.) 

(Trpe  of  speries.) 

b.  Ad.Bl.  S.E.  New  Guinea. 

e.  PuU.  flk.  Milne  Bav,  S.E.  Now         H.M.8. '  Bafflli,=k.'      (P.  Z.  S. 

Guinea.  lt*76,  p.  34U,) 

d.  Skeleton  (imperfect)  of  specimen  a. 


1 1    Caanar  us  beonetti 


V   XT   ]{  i     i        4 

Alaq    \    II  i        J         tl 

Ool/m  I  1    J))      S,lat 

lbs    I6ll     I]     i  I  J   B  'H  p    lol    pi    liu 

(186  )  Jienu^tt  }■  Z  &  ibU  j  1  Aclat  I  Z  A  l»b'»  p  3  4 
(pullua)  ficAlei/  Jaa  b  not  Oen  ttch  hat  A  t  Mag  1862 
p  18fl  <klaf  i  /■  i  18b.?  pp  "■«  61H  jl  il  Jinan  Mim 
Ac  Se  'tat  Cherb  ix  p  3  3  (IHW)  Sclal  F  /  S  18W  p  J71 
Gould    Haniib    B     lunf  p    fiUl   (1S65)     t^laf    Ibu    1866 

p  338  d  r  /  S  1866  p  168  J"  ScA/fj?  Zool  Gart  1866 
p  1  8  Jouan  He  /»?  1867  pp  o  fl  Ac/n(  P  /  S  1867 
p  1  0  iKtffl  pp  1  "fi  6iH  18  1  p  01,7  G  R  G  Band-lie  u 
p  ■>  n  9850  (18  1)  'ilat  PZ  S  187  pp  149  150  &e6 
TAe»  Om  i  *o  (18  2)  ichtty  Mut  P  B  S  uh  nsp4 
(18  3)  bmn  4  Sdat  P  Z  5  18  3  p  519  Oar  od  P  Z.  8 
18  3  pp  4  0  644  ifcw  i  J/  O  18  3  p  391  .Horn*  P  Z  8 
18  4  p  3  5  Wo(  P^il8  5pp8oB  So  by  P  Z  8. 
18  a  p  "Hi  Sclat  Itep  B  t  Auoe  l^S  i  11  d  J/  O  187fl> 
p.  268  Benn  if  fclal  P  Z  S  l»  Q  v  2  Bo  nJ  iSirf  p  123 
Selat  bd  f  414  [I  e  ifwm.)  id  P  Z  8  18~7  pp  97  US 
(note)  Ha  tutg  Oitr  hei  ^  Ottr  tbrm  p  1  3  (1877)  Oiat 
i'    /    «   18  8     p    390      Vrger    J  /   O    1878    p    203      Ibu 


CABDjtBIID.S. 

1879,  p.  96 ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  5  (note) ;  id.  Liit  Vfrt.  An. 
7th  ed.  p.  473  (1879);  Lai/ard,  Ibi$,im),f.303;  I-Ouxll,  P.  Z.  S. 

1880,  p.  IftS ;  Saliiad.  Mem.  R.  Ac.  Se.  Tor.  {2)  srxiv.  p.  214, 
t»v.  ii.f.  10  (head)  (1881);  id.  Ann.  M«t.  Civ.  G™.  iviii.  p.  415. 
D.  9(1882);  id.  Ora.  Pap.  f  Mol.  iii.  p.  501  (1883};  Selat.  lift 
Vert.  An.  9th  ed.  p.  550  (188:1) ;  Evans,  Ibit,  1891,  p.  84  :  Sharpt, 
Cat.  OiUol.  Spte.  R.  C  S.  iii.  p,  4;i8  (1891);  Out,  Z-itschr. /.  Ool. 


CMBOwnry  from  the  Solomi 


re),  HtiUon,  Ibit,  ] 


Adult.  Feathers  of  the  body  black  ;  casque  black,  shaped  like  a 
trian^ar  pyramid,  with  posterior  Burrace  flat  and  indinod  for- 
wards; naked  skin  Of  head  and  neck  blue,  changing  ioto  vinous  on. 
the  lower  part  of  the  sides  of  the  neck.  Total  length  about  5:J'T5 
iDchea,  bill  from  gape  A-'A2,  tarsus  8'43,  nail  of  inner  toe  2'87- 
3-54. 

Tiwng.  Beddish  brown,  varied  with  black ;  naked  shin  of  the 
neck  purple-blue. 

Toang  in  down.  Rufous,  with  longitudinal  black  stripes. 

Hab.  New  Britain. 


a.  Ad.  st                                New  Britain. 

Purchased 

6.  Juv.  St                                New  Britain. 

e,d.e.  Pull.  St. 

Zool.  Soe. 

/.  Skeleton.                             New  Britain. 

ZooLSoc. 

g.  Skeleton  (imperfect)  of  specimen  b. 

Order  IV.  APTERYGES. 


Hnllux  proecDt ;   four  loea  with  long  nuiU. 

Bill  long,  someivhat  arched,  thu  uoHtrils  near  the  tip. 

Maxillo-palatiaeii  as  iu  Casiiani,  but  vomer  fuxed  with  palatines 
and  pterygoids. 

Procoracoid  prooesB  rudimentary.  No  clavicles.  Tibia  with  long 
bony  bridge  over  uiMtnaor  tendona. 

Wings  extremely  aborttd. 

No  distinct  quilla  or  tail-feathers. 

Aftersbaft  absent. 

Cieca  large. 

New  Zealand. 

The  Apteryges,  or  Kiwis,  are  the  smallott  of  the  Batitte,  their 
size  exceeding  Bomctimes  that  a!  a  large  fowl.  The  bill  is  loDg  and 
ilender,  with  thu  base  covered  by  a  hard  cere,  broad  and  rather 
depressed ;  the  tulmen  rounded,  very  tittle  curved  to  near  the  tip, 
vhicb  projects  over  that  of  the  lower  mandible,  and  is  rather 
obtuse,  the  sides  gradually  eompregsed,  and  grooved  towards  the 
end  i  the  gonya  very  long  and  slightly  curved  ;  the  nostrils  jilaced 
on  each  side  at  the  tip,  very  small  and  sublinear ;  the  base  of  the 
bill  Eumished  with  lengthened  hairs.  Wings  rudiraenlary  and 
covered  with  EcutherB.  Tail  not  apparent.  Tarsi  the  lougth  of  the 
middle  toe,  very  robust  and  covered  with  variously  sized  scutes, 
those  in  front  of  the  lower  part  the  largest  and  transverse.  Toes 
three  before,  with  the  lateral  ones  equal,  and  all  covered  above 
with  broad  acut«8 ;  the  hind  toe  very  short ;  daws  long,  strong,  and 
rather  scute. 

Only  one  family. 


Family  A  PTERYGIUM. 

I.  APTEEYX. 
Apteryx.  Shair,  Nat.  .V«c,  xxiv.  pi.  ia57  (18la)  .... 
Ajitemy-T,  Sw.  Clan.  B.  a.  p.  aiS  (1837)  (=Apterji). 

Hange.  Confined  to  New  Zealand. 


Kfy  to  the  Speciu. 


I.  General 

gtriptd  with  dark"  brown 
laU^ral  edges. 


1  plumage  brown,  the  feathors  of  the  upper 
fulvous  along  the  central  apical  part,  and 


r  blackish  on  the 


604  APTEBieiD£. 

a'.  Size  Bmaller,  under  30  inches ;  bill  wliite  horn- 
ciilour. 
n".  Total  length  about  33  inches ;  plumatce 
paler,  more  gmj'ish,  feathers  Boft  to  the 

touch    '. aHttralu,  p.  60t. 

fi".  Total  leDfrth  about  21  iocheB;  plumape 
darker,  more  fulvous  brown,  the  feathers 
of  the  upper  parta  black  at  the  tip,  and 
especially  those  of  the  hind  neck  and  bnck, 

harah  to  the  touch niantrlli,  p.  60". 

b'.  Size  larger,  total  length  of  male  30'o,  of 
female   33  inches ;    upper  mandible  brown 

hom-colour laicryi,  p.  606. 

6.  General  plumage  gtejish  brown,  barred  acrosa 

with  light  bands. 

c'.  Smaller,  total  lenglh  not  more  than  ^5  inches ; 

paler  and   with  narrower  bars ;   tarsi    pale 

brown ;  claws  whitish  hom-colour. 

e",   SinaUer,    total    k'Djrth   about  1!)  inches; 

dark  barrinfr  lighter oireni,  p.  609. 

(f'.   Larger,    total    length   about    23   inches; 

dark  harrinffs  heavier  (Sofhu-hild) occidentali*,  p.  610. 

d'.  Larger,  total  lenjith  2u-l'7  inches;  darker 
and  with  bnmder  light  bars ;  tami  dark 
brown ;  claws  dark  hom-colour haasti,  p.  U]  1. 

1.  Apteryx  aostralis. 

8  (1813) ; 
7<>n.  Ziiai. 
xiii.  l,p.  71  (1820);  Jiav:.  £l^i.  lii Hoof.  in.  I),  p.  295  (ld2B|  ; 
I^w.  Man.d'Oni.  ii.  p.  211  (182ij)i  M.  r<y.  Cbi(.,  Xool.  i.  v.  418 
(1638)  {Bay  ol  Islands) ;  Cue.  mr/».  An.  2nd  ed.  i.  p.  49B  (note) 
(1829);  Zeti.  Tr.  etOm.  p.  12  (1831):  Tarr.  P.  Z.  S.  1833, 
:  34. 80 :  id.  Tram.  Zttol.  Soc.  i.  up.  71-76.     '  .--.—. 


1.  APiEnrx.  60.'! 

1803,  p.  611  (sacral  verUbne);  Bt^or,  New  Ztal.  Erh.  -p.  37G 
(Otago)  (1800)  1  Surleu.  P.  7..  S.  18U7,  p.  Hi  (under  view  of  the 
BkullJi  Maatt,J.f.  0.1868,  p.  lM3)  I'm*.  Traru.  2f.  Z.  Init.  it. 
1869,p,  «e(BgK)(18T0)i  Oh>«i,  P.ZS.  1870,  p.  384i  id.  Trans. 
Z.  8.  vii.  IdfO,  pp.  381-386,  pb.  45,  46  (auntomical  dstoils) 
(1871) ;  KnwA,  J.f.  O.  \«IQ,  p.  337;  G.  R.  Gr.  Hand4id,  iii. 
p.  3,  n.  9853  (1871) ;  Hatbm.  Cat.  B.  New  Zeal.  p.  23  (1871)i 
PUU,  Ibu,  187-'.  p.  86  <vw.);  Sclat.  P.  Z.  S.  1872,  p.  861 ;  OM. 
Thei.  Om.  i,  p.  391  (ler2) ;  FuucA,  J.f.  O.  1872,  p.  263j  id. 
7ya>u.N.  Z.  Irut.  v.  1872,  p.  211  (187a);  &A%.  Miu.  P.-B., 
StrutbiiHiea,  p.  7  (1873) ;  JJuff.  Hint.  B.  New  Zeal.  p.  36S  (1873)  ; 
ffik«(,/6i».  1874. pp.  174, 215 ;  fl&ncA,  J./.  0. 1874,  p. 220  (part.) i 
Sowl.  Om.  Mii-e.  i.  p^  18,  19,  pi.  iv.  (jiir.)  (1876) ;  t>.  Hilgtl, 
Ibii,  1875,  p.  394;  Harting,  Ottrichei  j-  Ottr.  Fai^.  p.  178 
(1877) ;  Forteg,  P.  Z.  S.  1881,  pp.  781,  782  ftrwhoa) ;  Sull.  Man. 
N.  Zeal.  fi.  p.  45.  pL  irii,  (1882);  Sdal.  Lilt  Vert.  An.  8tli  ed. 
p.  547,  n.  1431  (1883) ;  Bedd.  P.  Z.  S.  1885,  pp.  188,  189  (heart)  i 
X.  Latikater,  t.  e.  pp.  230,  240  (heart) ;  Oven,  C.  c.  pp.  328,  329 
(heart),  pp.  477-182;  Jteitchek,  Tr.  N.  Zeal.  2nd.  xvii.  1884, 
pp.  191,  192  (breeding-habits)  (1885) ;  Parker,  Ibin,  1888,  p.  127, 
f.  4  (manus),  p.  217 ;  BuU.  Ui»t.  B.  New  Zeal.  Snd  i,d.  ii.  p.  322 
(HyQ.  emend.)  (1B88);  Saiith,  Tr.  N.  Zeal.  Imt.  sxi.  I»^i4, ,,.  22.'i 
(1889) ;  Trietr.  Cat.  CoU.  B.  p.  I  (1889) ;  Jleine  *  Rc/mu:  Xom. 
JUta.  Hein.  On.  p.  305  (1890) ;  £obim,  /6m,  1891,  p.  83  (iDcubji- 
tion) ;  lydeOc.  Cat.  Fan.  B.  p.  216  (1881) ;  -SAarpe.  Cat.  Oitrol. 
StxKim.  S.  C.  S.  iii.  p.  416  (1891) ;  BuU.  Trans.  X.  Z.  But.  khv. 
1892,  p.  85  (18U3) ;  A.  Nea)t.  Did.  of  B.  pp.  495,  49f(,  497 
(part  2,  18113) ;  BotAicA.  Bull.  Br.  Om.  CM,  no.  x.  pp.  Jx-lxu 
(1893) ;  id.  Ibis,  1803.  pp.  574-576. 

Emu,  Chase's  Joum.  nfa  Besid.  in  Nrtc  Zeal,  p,  318  (1822). 

Apterous  Peuguia,  Lath.  Qen.  Mist.  x.  p.  S&i  (1824). 

DnimiceiuB  DOTte-ielwidiie,  LesM.  Man.  ifOm.  ii.  p.  210  (1828). 

Emou  Eiwikivi,  Less,  ibid, 

AptomjTiftU8a«li3,&D.  (Sum.  B.  ii.  p.  346  (1837). 

Apteryx  fuaca,  Polts,  Trans.  JV.  Zeal.  Init.  v.  p.  196  (1873)  •;  id. 
Zoologist,  [a.  i.)  1874,  pp.4014,  401.5 ;  FinKh,J./.0.  1874,  p.224i 
A.  Newt.  Did.  o/B.  p.  496  (note)  (part  2. 189.1). 

Kiwi,.,!.  JV«e(.  J3ifl(.  o/£,  p.  493{piut2,  1893). 

Adidl  inale.  Head,  aech,  and  fore  part  u(  breast  greyish  brown  ; 
feathers  of  the  npper  parts  only  siigbtly  tinged  near  the  tips  with 
rofouB,  and  streaked  with  blackish  brown  on  the  cidgex ;  lower  part 
of  breast,  abdomen,  and  inner  aide  of  thighs  pale  greyish  brown; 
long  Btraggliup  hairs  which  beset  the  fore  part  of  the  head  block  : 
irides  black ;  bill  clear  white  hom-colour ;  tarsi  and  toes  dark 
brown  ;  daws  the  same.  Total  length  about  3;)  inches  ;  bill  along 
the  ridge  3' 75,  along  edge  of  lower  mandible  4*1 ;  tarsus  2*25. 

Female.  Similar  to  Iho  male  bnt  larger.  Total  length  27  inches  ; 
bill  along  the  ridge  5-5,  along  the  edge  of  lower  mandible  5-8 ; 
tuaiis  3. 

Toung.  "  Has  the  head  and  hind  neck  dark  groy,  and  the  rest  of 
the  plnmage  greyish  brown,  lighter  on  the  underparts,  each  feather 

B  Bynonym  of  A.  auitralis ;  TauDdMi,  I 


606  AFTER  YOID£. 

with  a  narrow  etreak  of  folvoua  along  the  ahaft ;  on  the  feathen  of 
the  upper  parte  this  streak  is  darker  towards  the  tip,  and  the 
terminal  Slameate  are  black,  whereas  on  the  underparta  of  the 
body  both  the  tips  and  filaments  are  light  brown  or  fiilvouB  ;  the 
bill,  which  measnrea  two  inches  in  length,  is  lif;ht  hom-coloor ; 
the  legs  and  feet  are  light  hrown,  the  metatarsi  being  cohered 
anteriorly  with  thin  scales,  scarcely  dofioable  t«  the  eye.  In  this 
young  condition  the  quill-tubes  are  very  minute,  and  the  plumage 
of  the  body  ia  extremely  soft  to  the  touch."    {Balhr.) 

I  may  add  that  in  one  young  specimen  examined  by  me  the 
forehead  and  throat  are  of  a  paler  grey  than  the  rest  of  the  head. 
{AfM.  RothtehOd.) 

According  to  Buller,  as  a  rule,  the  South-Island  birds  are 
larger  than  those  from  the  North  Island  (A.  manltUi),  but  occa- 
sionally examples  of  the  latter  are  fully  equal  in  size  to  the  largest 
specimens  of  A.  atutralii,  lu  this  epocies,  generally  speaking,  the 
long  facial  hairs  or  foelera  are  far  less  abundant  than  in  Iho  North- 
Island  ^Jpf^ry.r.  Besides  it  appears  that  the  feathers  of  A.  ausiralii 
are  soft  and  yielding  when  stroked  towards  the  head. 

JIab.  South  Island. 


a,b.  ^  ad.  Bt.& 

..  Ad.  rt. 
d.  Jm.  .1 

h.  Ad.  ak. 

Dusky  Bay,  S 

Bw; 

Zealand. 

Gapt.  Stokes  [P.], 

New  Zealand. 
New  Zealand. 
New  Zealand. 

New  Zealand. 

Col.  Bolton  rp.l 
Purchased. 
Colonial    Museum 

[P.]. 
Albert   Hunt,  Esq. 
[P.].               ^ 
Capt.  Stotes  [P.]. 
Zool.Soo. 
,  pL65.  ff.  2,  3,  sternum  1 

.-.  Skeleton. 

k.  Sternum  &  pelv: 

N^w  Zealand. 

is. 

(Ti 

r.Z. 

s.  ii. 

I.    iPTEBTX.  007 

The  rudimeDtory  wiags  are  furnished  at  the  extremity  with  a  Idb;;, 
Blighlly  curved,  grejiah-black  o!aw  ;  that  on  the  right  wing  is  0-75 
inch,  that  on  the  left  is  ^  sborter  and  Ioeb  curved. 

"  Female.  Extreme  length,  following  ourvHture  of  the  back  33 
inches ;  bill  along  the  ridge  7'75,  along  the  edge  of  lower  mandible 
7-75  :  wing  20  ;  larBua  3a  ;  middle  toe  and  daw  3-75;  hallux  1, 
The  claw  or  spur  on  the  rudimentary  wing  0-50  in  length,  more  curved 
than  that  of  the  male  bird,  sharply  pointed,  and  of  a  dark  grey 
colour.  The  bill  is  greyish  brown,  shading  into  black  on  the 
cutmen,  especiaJty  in  its  apicaJ  portion,  the  lip  being  whitish  horn- 
colour.     Tarsi  and  toes  dark  bluish  grey,  claws  paler."     (Bullrr.) 

Hah.  Stewart  Island. 

I  have  seen  two  specimens  of  this  bird,  male  and  female,  sent  to 
ma  for  ejtamination  by  the  Hon,  W.  Kothschild ;  they  are  very 
large,  and  the  female  has  the  bill  about  an  inch  longer  than  any 
A.  auslralii  I  hare  seen :  besides,  the  bill  in  both  specimens  is 
darker,  bom-brown,  especially  on  the  upper  part ;  the  claws  of 
the  male  are  brown,  but  those  of  the  female  (of  course  in  dry 
akin)  are  pale  born-cotour,  as  in  A.  avitralu.  Aa  the  differences, 
although  very  slight,  appear  to  be  constant,  we  may  keep  A.  lawriii 
distinct. 


3.  Apteryz  mantelli. 

Kiwi,  D'Un'illi:  Voy.  AavJ.  ii.  p.  137  (|S30)  (Bay  of  Tolajra,  or 
H<ma-hcna.  £.  const  of  N.  Itilnnd),  ii,  pp.  480,  A»l  (1831>}. 

Apteryx  nustralis,  Quay  et  Gaim.  {nee  Shaw),  V'oy.  Attrol,  Zool. 
I.  pp.  158.  668  (1830)  (Day  of  Tolsga) ;  Oould,  B.  Auttr.  \i.  pi.  3 
(pt.  ii.,  ]Ml)i  ITombr.  ef  Jacg.  Voy.  FSlt  Sud,  Aflat,  pb.  S4.  25 
(1846);  Jaca.  ^  Pueh.  Joy.  i«fc  Sud.  Ou.  iii.  p.  127  (1863); 
Haiti.  J.  f.  O.  1864,  p.  lf(6;  Gmld,  Handb.  S.  Atutr.  a.  p.  668 
tpart.)  (1665) ;  SuU.  Tr.  X.  Ztal.  Inst.  iii.  1870,  p.  62,  pi.  lii  6. 
(head)   (1871);  fkM.  P.  Z.   S.  p.  479;    Fintch,  J.  f.  6.   1874, 


tpart.)  (1665);  BuU.  Tr.  X.  Ztal.  Inst.  iii.  1870,  i 
Tiend)   (1871);  fkM.  P.  Z.   S.  p.  479;    Fintch,  . 
p.  220  (iwrt);  BVwrcA,  llu»,  \B»i,   p.  309  (King's  &oue 
ftJond). 

Apteryx  nianlelli,  BnHL  P.  Z.  S.  1850,  p,  276,  pi.  xxx.  ff.  3,  4 
(head),  pi.  iiii.  t.  2  (foot)  (North  IwlHud);  yrirm.  Fror.  Tagtber. 
DO.  604  (Zool.  iii. I  pp.  210.  212  (habits)  (1862) ;  H'oUetj,  Zooiogut, 
p.3401)(habiU)(18e2);  J\'eu.4a)i,  iiiVf.  p.  3605  (18G2);  Bn.  Ctmud. 
Bend,  iliii.  p.  841,  n.  22  ([86(i);  £».  Ihit,  1869,  p.  116;  ^f. 
P.  Z.  S.  im),  p.  5.10  (egg).  1860,  n.  104  (egg) ;  Sdat.  *  HocM. 
Bep.  BriC.  Aaioc.  Ada.  &.  1861, p.  177:  iid.Xat.Siet.  Ben.  1861, 
P.S06:  O.B.  Or.lbu,  1862.  p.  233;  Layard,  Ibii,  1863,  p.  242; 
Sdat.  P.  Z.  S.  186,%  p.  2.34  (N.  Island),  1864,  p.  374  (Aueblnnd  ! 
living  SDMimen);  Ootild,  JIandb.  B.  Aaitr.  ii.  p,  MO  (IWJfl); 
F%n»eh,  J.f.  0.  1867,  pp.  329-331 ;  Simtl.  P.  Z.  8.  1867,  p.  894 ; 
Ed.  Ibis.  1888,  pp.  261,  604  (incubulion) ;  PUU,  Tr.  A\  Z.  Inst.  ii. 
1869,  p.  67  (ecfr)  (1870) ;  BHllim,  IbU,  1870,  p.  ,198  (Auckland) ; 
FhuKh,  J.f.  0.  1870,  pp.  S37-330  (^auBtmliaO :  fl"«^'-,  Tr. 
N.  Z.  Imt.  ii.  1870.  p.  52  (  =  «uBtrali»)  (1871);  ffirtar,  t.  e. 
p.  73  (1871);  O.  R.  Or.  Iland-Uit.  iii.  p.  8,  n,  m>i  (1871); 
Mutton.  Cat.  B.  A'.  Zfal.  p.  a3  (1871);  Heclur,   Tr.  N.  Z.  Intt. 


iv.  1871,  p.  363  (1872) ;  Selat.  P.  Z.  S.  1871,  p.  496  (=austi»U»P), 
1872,  p.  861;  Gieb.  Tha.  Orn.  iii.  p.  391  (ISr^) ;  PolU,  Ibis, 
1872,  p.  36;  id.  Tr.  N.  Z.  Iiut.  v.  Ig7d,  p.  194  (187:1);  FiatcA, 
t.  c.  p.  212  (1873);  Oarrod,  P.  Z.  S.  IS?;!,  p.  470  (left  carotid 
only),  p.  644  (muscles) ;  Sfhleg.  Mtu.  P.-Ii.,  Slmthinnea,  p.  7 
(1873) ;  BuU.  B.  N.  Z>-al.  pp.  3o7-3(J4,  pi.  3a  (187.1) ;  Jluit.  Ibir, 
1874,  p.  43  (N.  Island) ;  Bidl.  t.  c.  p.  122;  Hotel.  P.  Z.  .S.  1874, 
■'"' ;   Garrod,  P.  Z.  S.  1875,  p.  441,  with  tiff,  (plantar  t«ii<l.in«), 


p.  308  (bursa  Fabricii) ;  Harting,  Ottrkht*  *  0*tr.  Farm.  p.  178 
(1877)  i  Nathtt».  J.  /,  O.  1879,  p.  255  (efs)  ;  Forl-tf,  P.  Z.  A: 
1881,  pp.  780,  781,  figs.  3,  4  (tmchea) ;  Bull.  Afan.  X.  Zeal.  B. 
p.  44,  pi.  TOO-.  (1882);  Sclat.  L>$t  Vert.  An.  8th  ed.  p.  647, 
n.  1433(1883);  Trittr.  Cat  Call.  B.  p.  1  (le8i>);  Lyd<^kk.  Oit. 
Ibu.  B.  p.  217  (ISftlJ;  llarteri,  Cat.  VogfUamml.  icnt-i.  Mu*. 
p.  248  (1891);  Shiif.  J./.  0.  18iW,  p.  230;  A.  Xeirt.  Diet,  of  H. 
p.  495  (pt.  3,  1803)  i  R«lhich.  BulL  Br.  Oni.  C/uh,  no.  k.  pii.  Ix, 
Ui,  Ixii  (.Nurth  Island) ;  id.  Ibii.  1893,  pp.  573,  574.  57«. 
Apterrz  Rustralifl,  var.  mantellii,  i^wHcA,  J.f.  0.187:;,  pp.  203-2t>8; 
1874,  pp.  172,220,221. 

ryx  bulleri,  fharpe,  Proc.  WeSlngt.  Phil.  &o.  1 888,  p.  6 :  id.  Tr. 
X  Imt.  zxi.  1888,  p.  224  (1889)  (North  Isktid) ;  Bullcr,  B. 
New  Zeal.  2nd  wi.  ii.  p.  308,  pi.  .\lvii.  (1888) ;  itl.   Tr.  X.  Z.  Ih»I. 


NtwZe 

XiT.  1892,  p.  8.!)  (1803J ;   H.  Wright,  Ibii,  1893.  p.  28.1 ;  Bot/uc-h. 

BulL  Br.  dm.  Club,  no.  i.  p.  U  (=iiiantelli)  (1«>3). 


Apteiyx  mautellixA.  occidentalis,  Bothtch.  Bull.  Br.   Orn.   Cliib, 
no.  xvii.  p.  zxxTi  (1894) ;  id.  Ibis,  1894,  p.  429. 

AduU  male.  Similar  to  the  male  of  A.  aattralU,  but  smaller  and 
the  feathers  of  the  upper  parts  more  rul'ous  brown  ami  decidedly 


/  Ad.  »U. 
g.  Iltmd. 


North  Inland. 
Taupo  Lake. 


Hoo.    W.     Rothichild 

[P.]. 
H.  O.  Forbes,  Esq.  [C.]. 
Dr.  Hector  [P.]. 


4.  Apteryz  owenL 

Aptflrjioweni,  GouW,  P.  Z,  S.  1847,  p.  94  (New Zealand)  j  W.  .^n. 
^  Mug.  N.  H.  XX.  pp.  282,  383  (1847) ;  id.  B.  Aiutr.  vi.  pi.  3 
(pi.  sxiiv.,  184fi) ;  iV;.  Tram.  7,.  S.  iii.  pp.  379, 880,  pi.  57  (1849) ; 
MmUll,  P.  Z.  S.  J8.W,  p.  211  ;  flefei.  &fn.  Av.,  GallinacBte, 
Ifoeilia,t.  afi7.  II*.  i;ii92-93(l86i)  {txOmM);  Bp.  Cmpt.  Bend. 
xliii.p.  841,  r.  23  ll8.-rfi|;  JJO/tA,  Ibi,,  1801,p.  216;  Sdat.  \  Hochtt. 
Hep.  Brit.  Aatoc.  Ar/o.  ^.  ly4Jl,  p.  170  i  i<rf.  A'at.  Hut.  Bev.  18(J1, 
p.  505  (  O.  B.  Or.  IhU,  1803,  p.  233 ;  Sclat.  Tmm.  X.  S.  iv,  p.  362 
(1882)  i  Leaih.  P.  l.  S.  1864,  p.  1  (juv.) ;  ScAkg.  Uierent.  a.  241 
(1804) ;  Hector,  A'.  Z.  Bj-h.  1806,  p.  276  (Otiigo)  ;  FimcA,  J.f.  O. 
1867,  pp.  329,  346 ;  &W.  P.  Z.  &  1868,  p.  319  (in  condnemenl) ; 
JToiut,  ^./.  0.1868,p.243j  Sclat.  P.  Z.  8.  1869,  p.  468  (in  conflji»- 
ment) ;  Potlt,  Tr.  N.  Z.  Jiul.  ii.  (1669)  p.  67  (erg)  (1870) ;  Ifidt. 
Cat.  U.  NtK  Xtai.  p.  23  (1871);  O.  B.  Gr.  Band-lut,  iu.  p.  3, 
n.  9«56(1871);ife«8,  i6w,  1872,p.  rt5;  GM.  Thr,.  Om.  i.  p.  391 
(1872); />n»e(S,  J./.  CI.  1872,  p. 38fi:«/,/w..l/i,«. /■.-/;., Siriithi,ioL.a, 
p.  8  |187:l|;  Bull.  B.  j\>ip  /.,:,/.  n,  ...,-,  ,.,  ;■)  ,  i -.-;..  ',.„-r„.i. 
J'.Z.^.   1^7:t,   p.470  (lel'l  cur..',.     .  /■..'/--, 

Tr.  .\.  Z.IiikC.  y.  \67i.p.li'r-n-.         .■■        .  .'    ■    i-.  -'l.-i; 

J-Ift«-A,  J./  U.  l.-(74,  pp.174,  l.'L'll;    /,'.    ,    ,    ■',„      1/ |,    L'".|,l.ji. 

(■iiftieBd.),pl.v.  (vourijr)  (1875);  e.  Jlhi/e',  B>U,  ]is7.j,p.  ;!1'1  :  Bidl. 
Tr.  -V.  Z.  Ina.  yiii.  1875,  p.  193  (1878) ;  Barling,  Ostrirhen  * 
(htr.  Faria.  p.  178,  pi.  —  (1877) ;  Forbet.  P.  Z.  S.  1881,  pp.  781, 
7s--' (lm,lic») :  Bull.  Man.  N.  Z,-ul.  H.  j,  40, n.  .W, pi.  isi. «  (1882J ; 

s<-:,!   /■')-,.'  .1,,  -ri,,,i  (,  -r,i,  ii:;-;;;v-'v,  ,i/,.,,„-,,^/,6,7,i. 


ll.i  .■.         ;  ;  I-    ■.  ■■■    It.  y^irZeol. 

(Zool.  o'ar>i  ..;■';       '  ■■-■//        .    /.■./,„«■. 

Jfom.   Mti-.    ;  .■  '  ■  ■     .      ■  ■  1        /       .  '■■•/!■. 

p.  218  (l.-HI.  ■■  ■-  .  '.    '     '  111! 

(18l)l|;  7/",'  ■.'.    A".i'      I...,.; .„r.    \:.!.     1/,.       J.    L'l-..'-^U(; 

BulUr,   Tr.    S.    /..    Iml.  x\iv,   IMti,  p.  !tu  0'"-^fi>"'i' n  I"'"") 

(189:3).  jtiv.  1892,  p.  80  (1893)  ;  A.  Sewlun,  Diit.  «/  B.  p.  49-5 

(pi.  2,  1893)  i  BothKhild,  Bull.  Br.  Orn.  Club,  no.  i.  pp.  ix,  Ixi, 

Ixii  ( 1893) ;  id.  Ibis,  1893,  pp.  673,  674,  676,  676. 
Aptfryi  uiantelli,  iiiv.,  Schlnj.  Strauu.  I'ii/.  18.J4  [cf.  Bp.  Cumpt. 

iienrf,  iliii.  p.  841). 
Apterjj  owenui,  Sclul.  P.  Z.  S.  1871,  p.  479,  1873,  p,  m\  (ZooL 

Gard.). 
P  Apteryi   niuliia,   PutU,    Trant.   ^   Pr.   N.   Zeal.   Intl.   v.  p.  Iflft. 

(Mattma  Dh;,  WmI  Coast,  tvp«  in  Uuoedin  Museiiuij  (lfi7Sj«; 


■  Sir  Walter  BuUer,  in  tlin  aeeond  edition  of  his  '  Hjslorj  of  Ihe  Uirda  of 
S.  Zealand,'  includes  A.  moUu  luuong  the  s^DDjini  of  A.  ownt. 
VOL,  XXTll.  2  B 


010  iPTEBioni.x. 

id.  Zool.  (■.  ■-)  1874,  p.  4014 ;   Fintdi,  J.   f.   O.  1874,  p.  224 ; 
A.  NtKA.  Bid.  of  B.  p.  49(t  (note)  (pt.  1, 1883). 
ApW-nrx  fuficus,  RokL  (neePoUt)  Om.  Miic.  ii.  p.  8  (1876)  (=oweni, 
mclBnUtic), 

Adull  male.  Greyish,  banded  with  whitish,  the  bands  lesa  promi- 
nent or  nearly  obsolete  on  the  head,  throat,  and  neck  ;  irides  black: 
bill  dark  horn-colour ;  legs  and  feet  pale  brown,  the  claws  [whitish] 
bom-colonr  (^u'fer).  Total  lenp:th  about  12'5  inches;  bill  along 
the  rid(^  'A-fiB,  bJong  the  edge  of  lower  mandible  3'4  ;  tarsus  1  '7-^- 

FmtaU.  As  a  nile,  somewhat  palor  than  the  male.  Total  leng:th 
20  inches ;  bill  along  the  ridge  y-o,  along  the  edge  of  lower  man- 
dible 4 ;  tarsus  '2-b. 

Yoninj.  "Plumage  verj-  soft,  dull  grejish  brown,  obscurely 
mottlcil ;  vertex,  sidea  of  the  head,  and  throat  greyish  white  ;  the 
light  tills  of  Iho  feiithers  vcrj-  conspicuous,  having  the  appcurance  of 
amaU  pencilled  lines  on  a  darker  ground,  the  produced  hoir-like 
lilnniciits  Iwiug  entirely  black  :  bill  whitish  hom-colour  "  (Bulhr). 

The  light  marks  on  the  upjier  parts  are  V-shsped  and  are  placed 
on  the  apical  portion  of  the  feathers.     {Uolhtrhitd  iliiieum.) 

"  Vert/  jfoun;/  stuff.  A  chick  of  this  species,  in  tlie  Kowley  Col- 
lection at  Brighton,  is  of  a  uniform  yollowbh' brown  colour,  with 
the  tips  of  the  featliers  lighter  "  (BulUr). 

IJtib.  Kast  coast  of  South  Island. 

Dr.  Mantcll  [C.l. 
Capt.  SU'koji  [1*'\ 
Colonial    Muslim    of 

Wfllingfon  ;i\\ 
Colonial    Mumiiiiii    of 

Wellington  [1'.]. 


Sah-in-Godman  Coll 


a.  Ad.  St. 

New  Zi.nland. 

A,r.Ad.etjuv.8k. 

New  Zealaud. 

d-li.   cf  S   td.  et 

New  Zealand. 

juv.  sk. 

1,  k*   ct    ad.  el 

New  Zealand. 

ad.  (V)  sk. 

/.  SIc'lelon. 

HI.  Skelflon. 

1.   APrBRTX, 

BiiiAll  bill,  and  in   the  heary  block  bars  on  the  feathers  "  {Jioth- 

scfiiid). 

Ilah.  "  West  coast  of  the  South  and  North  Wands  "  {RoUaeldld). 

1  have  not  examined  the  type  of  this  species,  which  is  stiU  alive ; 
but  three  speeimeni  from  the  Buller  district,  west  coast  of  the 
South  Island,  identified  by  Mr.  Rothaobild  with  A.  oecidenlalia,  and 
scut  to  me  for  examination,  show  the  samo  characters  which  arc 
given  in  the  description. 

6,  AptfiTTZ  haasti. 
F  "  Firemfin,"  Gtmld,  B.  Attlr,  vi.,  in  lelterpresH  to  Apitryx  auitralii 

(pt,  ii,,  1841)  i  Straiwf,  P.  Z.  S.  1847,  ii.  51  (Middle  Wund). 
P  Aptfirvi   maiima;    IW.   MS.  •,  Bp.  Compt.   Rend,  iliii.  p.  841, 

D.  so;  p.  1026  (descr.  nulla)  (18S0) ;  SeUit.  ^  Hochtt.  Nat.  SM. 

Sev.  IS(]1,  p.  SQ6iiid.  Bep.  Brit.  Aiaoe.  Ado.  Se.   1861,  p.   177 

(Middle  Island) ;   O.  R.  Gr.  Jbit,  16ti2,  p.  233  (excl.  svn.) ;  htaek, 

J.  /.  O.  186T,  p.  330,   1870,  p.  340 ;  SmU.   Cat.  S.  New  Zeal 

p.  23   (1871);   a.  R.  Gr.  Hand-litl,   iii.   p.   8,  n.  D856  (1871); 

Oteb.  The*.  Om.  i.  p.  391  (eid.  syn.)   (Ia73)j  Hector,  P.  Z.  8. 

1874,  p.  498 ;  Soiel.  Om.  Mite.  i.  p.  23  (1875)  ;  A.  Newt.  Diet. 

of  B.  p.  490,  note  (pt.  2, 1893). 
FAptervx  mdor,  Etirnan,  Zoulogitt,  1861,  p.  7468;  id.  Ibti,  1861, 

p.  410. 
Apteryx  aUBtralU,  Haiut  {nee  Shaw),  Topogr.  S(  Geal.  Erpl.  p.  139 

(1801)   (W.   District   of  Nelson   Prov.);    id.   Ibii,  1862,  p.  1(H 

(Nelson  Prov.). 
Aptoryx  haasti,  PolU,   Tr.  N.  Z.  Ifut.  iv.  1871,  p.  204  (1872) ;  id. 

Ibit,   1873,  p.  3S  (Okarito  country,  W.  Const  of  Middle  Isl.) ; 

Fituch,  J.  f.  0.  1872,  p.  271  j  PotU,  Tr.  N.  Z.  Inxt.  t.  1872, 

p.   195  (1873) ;  Finach,  t.  c.  p.  212  (1873) ;  BtiU.   Ilitt.  B.  New 

Zeal.  p.  371   (1873);  Fimi:h,  J.f.  0.  1874,  pp.  174,  220;  I^tU, 

Zooio^t,  1874,  i)p.  4014,  4158;  Uotcl.  P.   Z.   8.  1874,  pp.  497, 

498 :  id.  Om.  Muc.  \.  pp.  3-17,  ri.  i.  (ad.  female)  (1876) ;  SeM. 

i*. /.«.  1876,p.  1  (Zool.  Ganl,);  Uarling,  Odrichei S(  Oitr.  Fnrm. 

p.  178  (1877) ;  Forbet,  P.  £.  8.  1881,  pp.  781,  782  (trwhea) ;  JkA. 

Man.  B.  New  Zeal,  p,  40,  D.  67,  pi.  xxu.  (1882)  ;  Selat.  Liit  Fart. 

An.  8tb  ed.  p.  548,  n.  1434  (1883) ;  Smith,   Tr.   N.  Z.  Inst.  zii. 

1888,  p.  221  (18S9) ;  LyiUkk.  Cat.  Fa**.  B.  p.  217  11891)  ;  Batt. 

Tr.  ff.Z.   In*t.   XIV.  pp.  63,  87   (albino)  (1893);  Kbt}/^,  t.e. 

p.  138  (young)  (latfcl):  A.  Aw/.  Diet,  of  B.  p.  496  (pt.  2,  1893) ; 

Behnw.  J.  f.  O.  1803,  p.  118  ;  RotAxA.  Ann.  ^  Mag.  N.  H.  (8) 

xi.  pp.  43,  44(1893);  Forbe*.  (.  c.pp.   159-101   (1893);  Bothtch. 

t.  c.  pp.  U99,  300  (1893)1  •<''  -Q<^  ^'■-  f^*^-  t^''*-  <iO'  <-  PP-  !'■ 

Ixii  (Centml  South   Islnnd  and  West  of  North  Island)  (1893)  ; 

id.  lint,  189.1,  pp.  673,  674,  J575i  id.  SuU.  B.  Om.  CVh6,  no.  x»ii. 

p.  xxxvi  (1804)  \  id.  m,,  18U4,  p.  429. 
?  Aplsryi  maximus,  Rothfch.  Bm.   Br.   Orv.   Club,  no.  x.  pp.  xU, 

zUi  (1883)  (Suuth  bland !) ;  id.  Ibi*,  1893,  pp.  674,  675, 576. 


■  It  apptare  to  me  that  the  nama  A.  marima  wu  iniented  For  Uie  "Pirt- 
tmn,'  but,  aooordin^  to  Bonaparte,  it  ia  biupd  on  a  deacription  EiTsn  by  lutiTW, 
■nd  on  tho  intpeotion  of  an  pgg  which  J.  yerreaui  imured  Prince  Bonaparte 
wu  preMTVnl  in  the  Uum^uui  of  Flilladelphu  (!). 


612  AITERTttlDJ. 

Similar  to  A.  ouwnt  and  A.  oeeidmlalit,  but  much  larger,  of  a 
darker  broTn  colour  and  with  the  light  bands  broader :  "  irideR 
black ;  bill  white  bom-colour ;  legs  and  feet  da.rlc  brown,  cbanging 
to  brownish  black  on  the  posterior  aspect  of  the  metatarsi  and  on  the 
eolee ;  claws  dark  horu-colonr.  Total  length  about  25  inches ; 
bill  along  tho  ridge  4'75,  along  tbe  edge  of  lower  mandible  5-4 ; 
tarsuH  2-75."    (BuUer.) 

The  female,  as  in  the  other  species,  is  larger  than  the  male. 
Total  length  27  inchee,  culroen  5-4. 

Chid:  Similar  to  that  of  A.  owfni,  but  tho  brown  portion  of  the 
Ceatbers  a  shado  darker.     (Mut.  Boiheehild.) 

Hah.  Central  South  Island  and  West  of  North  laUnd. 


a.  Ad.  sk. 

b.  S  ad.  eh. 
e.  <S  ad.  it. 


New  Zealand. 
South  Island. 
South  Island. 


Baron  F.  von  Miille 

Purchased. 

Purchased. 


[P.]. 


ALPHABETICAL   INDEX. 


■cuU  (BchIub).  2T2. 
wuta  (DsSIb),  193,  270, 

272,274. 
acatu  a.  ampricans  (Dn- 

flla).  273. 
Krata  a.  cucullats  ( Dafila), 

341. 
•eaU       (Querquediila), 

271. 
aeuM     (Tracbdonotta), 


(Phaai 


u«), 


Adelonptla.  390. 
■dapersa  (Orjixum),  52fl. 
wkpuraiis       (Crjpturus), 

6Ifi,  S28,  S31. 
adapcniu     (Tinamus), 

■duDos  (Abhi),  IRl. 
agrptiaca     (AJopoohrn), 

legjptiua.     (Ann),     167, 

182,  34fi. 
■gyptiaoi(BernicU),  IBK 
gcnptiocn    (ChrnSilopoi). 

167.  180. 
egjptiacH  (Tndoniii),  S,1, 

163,  16!),  180. 
Kgjptiaciu  f Amer),  Iff!, 
Miptiaou*  (OheDaiopsi), 

ifo.  167,  168. 
■IU»-riifa(Anaii),  53. 
BquntonatiB        (Erisma- 

luntj,  441,442,450. 
«rti..  (.tn..).  73. 
Matiia    (Querquodula), 

203. 
Mthiopa    (MprgaoBpr), 

473. 
Ethiopa  (Mcrgus),  473. 
Aethjia.  3M, 
Mx.  46,  72. 
Bffini>(Anaa),  861. 
alBoU  (Ajtbya).  362. 
afflnU  (Dendrocfgna),  63. 


affimi     (Fuligula).    354. 

360,  362. 371. 
afltni*  (Kulii),  361. 
aflinia(Miirila),361. 
aiBniri(JJvr(Jca),  362. 
adlniB     liiariloidra    {Aj- 

thia),  XA. 
African  Teal,  34.1. 
afneana  (Anus),  »ta. 
iifncana  (Casarok},  168. 
africaiia    (Dundrocfgiui]. 

151. 
africsna      (Eriimatum). 

afHrana    (Nfrocn),    33A, 

3*5,  347.  349.  3«i8. 
afnaina(SBrcid  iofnia  ).6fi . 
africana     (SarkiiUomis), 


albirroDS  (Aneer),  89,  93, 

m.  95,  101. 
albifrous  (Branta).  92. 
albirronBgambeli(AnaBr), 


■lbifroiispallip«{AnBer), 

94. 
nlbif  ran  9  roBeipeB(  Aiiser), 

04. 
oJbifronj.  Tar.  erTthroput 

(An»er),98. 
albirronn,     Tnr.     gambcU 

(AnKr).  Ofi. 
olbtgubire  (Nettion),  S3D, 

257. 


.■W2. 


(FuliguU), 


afrioanua    (Sflrcidiorni*), 

57. 
afrioanua    (Sarkidiomu), 

.W. 
Aia.72. 
Aithya,  334. 
AithTJa,  334. 
Ail.  73. 

alundim  (Ansa).  271. 
albalui!(An»ir),  a-i. 
nlbatiu  (Cben),  iV-. 
nibellua  (Uer^nnr),  465. 
albeilua  (UergellnS),  465. 
albel]lla(M«rgiiluii),4fHl. 
albellue     (Hergus),    4G4, 

4ei- 
albeola  (Anas),  385.  altumi  {Cygniu).  31. 

albeola  (Buwphala),  387.        Am(>rinin  Ebea,  580. 
ftlbeola       (Charitonrtla),        American  Soiup,33T. 

387.  Ani.TimnTi»l,2a0. 

albeola  (ClanKnls).   376,       Amoriciin  %Vigeon,  !33. 

385.  3^.  auiaricana  (Aethjia),  HI. 

lericana    (Ana,),    88, 
193  233, 350. 

(Aythyia). 


albipeniiis  (>'ettapus),  T2. 
albipennis       (Neltopaa). 

W,  72. 
albogularii  (Uareca).  257. 
albuliu  (Mcrgiu).  465. 
aldrovaiidi    (Merganser), 

473. 
nleiBudrins  (Anaa),  483. 
Alopoehen,  106. 
alten!>trini     (Sonulnia), 

434. 
altij  iigUB    (CaauariQi), 


8lb«)!»(FnligiiM,  386. 
nibmb  <01iu(Hon),  38T. 
albeola  (FUtjpui),  3S6. 
■Ibeacena  (Rbosl,  fiSI. 


.141 


uDBiieaiia     (BoKhu), 
236. 

SSO. 
mmarioana       (Clauguls), 

360.381. 
uwriOBna       (FuliguU), 

340,341.362,371,381, 


■VMiomna  (Knots),  334, 

840. 
unericaii&       ((Edemia), 

400.404,411. 
MtMricana       (Oidemw). 

404. 
■meriaan&IQueTquedula), 

261,299. 
HtwricMi   (RhoB).   376, 

381,  S82,  584. 
■mcrieana  fuica    (Qurr- 

quedula),  299. 


ALPHABETICAL  mOEl. 

Anatra  lalTatica  real  c,  192. 
andii  ni  anenjis  ( A  ii(ii').:l5T . 
■ndBmimenBit   (Keliionj, 

257.  , 
andamiuieiuii  (Querque- 

duU).  2r.T. 
»o6  e«ola  (Eutlroniin),  ."MiS, 
andenoni       <,FbtrnJix>- 

andiniu    (Lipucentnu), 

21. 
Biidiaui  (Phieuiooparra), 

21. 
andiDUa  iPtueaiaopai- 

rue).  21. 
andinua     (Pbunio(>pt«- 

ru.),21,22. 
andium    (Noltiun),   240, 

•XS. 
BTiilium     (Querqucdula). 

2t>3. 
anguntiru^is     (AiiM), 

321. 

(Cbaule- 
!«),  322. 


_      [Chaule- 

Uaniu),  224,  236. 

aiiMria|ti«.     (Pygnui), 
31.32. 

•mericanul  (Merganaer), 
471,  477. 

(Mergui). 


477. 


anguBtiroalrii  (Manuaro- 

netU),  321. 
angiulitoitni     (Manno- 

netta\»22. 
ansuatiroatrii  (Querque- 

auU),  263. 321. 
Aahimii.  2. 3. 


131. 
antirola  (AiiMr),  129. 
antiix.111  (Beniiclnl.  129. 
aptiquoriim      <  PbiBiiico- 

plm.).  i:l,  VJ. 

Aiiliqiiua     (Pbimicopte- 

rua),  14. 
Aptornji,  603. 
Apterous  Pf  DRiiia,  &Xi. 

Apterygidc.  GU3. 
ApWryi,  603. 
aii.bica(AnM).488. 
arborea  (Anoa).  ItU. 
Brbtirea    (Dendroc;cna), 

145,  UW,  Ilia 
arborea    (DeiidrocTgna). 

lf!2. 
arborea  (DondroevgnuH), 

1(13. 
arbcirea      (Dendronessa), 

162. 
archlboachna  (Anu),  192. 
areticft  (Apos),  3(i5. 
irctoneUa,  327.4*22. 
arcuuta  (Anas).  IKi,  l.'iS. 
arcuala    ( Drndroovcna), 

14.^  153, 154, 156, 157, 

105. 
arouata     (Dendroergna), 

150, 163.  164.  165. 
arcuuta     (DendnineMa), 

153,154. 
arcuata   auBtralU  (Dcn- 

drocj'gIm)(  154. 


^^ 

615   ^H 

ArwgoU.  2M. 

■latnOii   (Xyroca),  336, 

banletti      (Crjpturiu).        ^^H 

Amrcomig,  4t!,  50. 

350. 

517. 538.                            ^H 

■uiuic^ui  (Mwgu»).  473. 

augCrBl»{Oiyur>),  451. 

bartlettL  (Tiaamiu),  538.         ^^M 

aatori  (An»»),  77. 

KiutraUi  (Strutbio),  .^iT4, 

baueri  (FuliKuIa),  344.           ^^H 

•wimilU  (Aniu},  258, 260. 

575. 

Bean  Oook,  99.                       ^^H 

265. 

AutruEhe,  573. 

Bmu  Canard  buppideU         ^H 

uiimilit       (Cryptunii). 

Autruche     d'Amirique, 

Carol  ine,  73.                        ^^^| 

S18. 

580. 

becearii  (Co-uariui).  590.       ^H 

»«iniili.(N<.Ihura).564. 

Autruobon,  576. 

693. 596,  I'M).                     ^H 

»«iu.ili.(TiiBmuB),5M. 

belluni  (Tadonu).  172.         ^^H 

iMi-    (Dronueui).      686. 

161. 

belonii    (Tadorna),    171,      ^^M 

588. 

^H 

aler     (DroDuuiu),     586, 

cyoiui).  145,  I.iit.  160, 

bcn'>ettj(0a»i<ari<u),591,      ^^H 

588. 

autuiDDolis     (D(ni4m- 

599,601.                             ^^H 

w™  (Ana.),  369,  401. 

L-jgnal,  159.  nil,  113, 

Berggai».491.                       ^^M 

.trat«  (A™).  41. 

Butumoidi.     (Deadro- 

Bering  OwM,  432.                ^^H 

nesrt),  159. 

beringi  (Ana«).  432.                 ^^H 

.irata  {OhenopgU),  41. 

autiiniuli<dimalor(Deii- 

bsringii  (Anser).  432.            ^H 

atmtui  (Chenopais),  41. 

Bernaebe,  117.                       ^H 

atratus  (Cjgnud),  37,  41, 

ArealiuE  petiio,  584. 

Bernicls.  111.117.                  ^^M 

42. 

Areslnu,  580. 

berDicla  (Aiuw),  114, 117.      ^^M 

A.£«lru.  pBli»,  584. 

119, 123.                            ^^H 

awuree    (Dondroojgna), 

beraicla   (Aiuer),    118,        ^H 
120. 123.                            ^^H 

awauree  (Mbtmb),  156. 

bemieU    (BranU),    111.      ^^M 

516,  ,^12 

Ajlliia,  334. 

119. 120.                            ^H 

alpicopillm      (Nothoeer- 
cu.j;633. 

u&nc(Aiiu),261. 

bernida  (Brenbi),  121.         ^^H 

bBmioln  (BraDLhua),  121.     ^^H 
bomi«ri  (Aaaa).  253.             ^^^1 

■tnoilU  (Anu).  361). 

badu  (Amu),  153. 

beraieri  (DaBla),  2.58.           ^^M 

^                53?!     . 

beroieri  (NattioD),  339,      ^H 

IW. 

258.                                    ^^M 

■               ^'    . 

bseri  (Anul,  3M, 

bBmii-ri  (Q<Mrqu«d<da),       ^^H 

biiari(Fuligal«).344,3,il. 

^H 

^H               287,  289.  485. 

baeri  iPulii),  344. 

benrickii  (Ojgnui),  30.         ^^H 

^V           Buduboni  (Amu).  193. 

baerijNyrom),  335,344. 

bewi^ki  (Cjgnu*).  26. 29.      ^H 

H            aumoU.  (Anw),  177. 

^H 

■  >unilu>  (.VeUapoi),  66. 

■  turilA  (Anu).  ^. 

284. 

beoiakii  (Olor),  30.                ^^M 

^H            surila(AiiwrfllU),  ne. 

284. 

Hus),  590,  501 ,  596.           ^^H 

^M           wiritiu  (Nettapui),  S9. 

bicolor  (Amx),  53,  149.         ^H 

^B           suritiu   (Nettopui),    64, 

bahomeiuu     (PkciIo- 

bioolor  <FuU«uU).  150.         ^^M 

■             (».66. 

nitu).  282. 

bioolor  (Nctbtpui).  73.          ^^M 

^H           Riutnlix  (Adu),  351. 

bidoctyliu  (AutruehoD),       ^^H 

^H          Aiutralia  (Apternfl),  00&. 

pl.ru.),  9.  10. 

^H 

^H            Auilrnlia  (Apterji),  601, 

■              607.611.' 

uetla),  281,  282.  283, 

^H 

^H           suatralia  (Biiiun),  451. 

2a4. 

bidact<tuB(5t7uthio},57G.     ^^H 

^■^           HUtnilis       (Ouiurius), 

bBiUI  (Adu),  240. 

biiuaculala  (Anal),  SKI.         ^H 

590,  ,^94.  6»6. 

Baikal  T«al,  240, 

bimaculata    (EunetU).         ^^M 

■lulmlia  (Cereoimi),  80. 

balboul  (Anaa).  488. 

246.                                    ^H 

bilbii]  (Aiuu),  294.  488. 

687. 

balrtoni(Crjpluru*),51(l, 

409.                                    ^H 

631. 

K                 441.  442.  451. 

b»rDStoni(BeriikL.),  113. 

^H 

B             auMnaii  (Fuliguls),  XH). 

Barred -hraded   Goom, 

UmacuUU    (Qiierqu«-           ^^H 

■             tuKnli*      (lUanetta), 

105, 

dula),230.2)1.246.          ^H 

■                351. 

barroti  (Clnngulai,  .38.'*. 

barro'ii  (FuUkiiU),  383. 

^H 

■               472.  4&t. 

barrovii  (Aaii),  384. 

^H           au.tr.li<  (Hergu*),  4<S2. 

barrowi  (Plutjpiu),  384. 

BimacuUUd  Tul.  246.            ^H 

616  ALPHABBTJCAL  IHDBX. 

UlnMnlatu*  (Tinamui),       boureieri  (Nathocemui), 

536.  610. 

Uunuata  (Anas),  489. 
biipinow  (FuUniedeaJ,  3. 
SiDura,  436.  452. 
Black  and  vbit«  Gouw, 

44. 
Black-backed  Ooow.  55. 
Black-billed  Whistling 

Duok,  162. 
Black  Direr.  401. 
Black  Duck.  -203.  413. 
Black-beaded   Duck, 

171. 
Black-necktd  Snn,  39. 
Black  Oatriob,  673,  575. 
Black  Swan,  41,  42. 
bUdi  (Tituudua),  499. 
'■    ■   .i  (Tinamii.).  4"° 


Stniui^  574. 
Blue-eyed  Duek,  422. 
Blne-sray  Duck,  4G5. 
Blue  Mei^BDMr,  493. 
Bine-winged  Ooom.  82. 
blrthi  (Phieiuoopterua), 

19. 
boUmna  (Nothura),  558, 
-"1. 

lartai  (Notb  ocerc 

),  511,  512,  5ia 

booapartei   (Tiiiamuj), 

SllT 
bonquiTa  (OrTptorua}, 

'  n(NotbuM},56e, 


brush jpterui    (Micropte- 

ru.),  373. 
bracUjpteriuifTachj'erea), 

374. 
bracbyrbyDchoa  (Anas), 

389. 
brachjrhjncbitt  (Oloc- 

guU).  U9I. 
bmohjrhjiichoa    {Ha- 

relda).  391. 
brachyrbynchos  (Bbyn- 

chupia}.  310. 
braohjrhjnchus  (An>er), 

89.  96.  103. 
bmcbTrhjncbiu  (Cljpe- 

ata).  310. 
branickii  (Ifotboprocta), 

651,558. 


branlianua  (Merga)i*er), 

472,485. 
bnailiauuB    (Hergue), 


br«Tiroatria  (Cmitniua), 

517, 538. 
breriroatria  (Harilocben), 

98. 
bnTiroalru     (Tfotbooer- 

mu),  538. 
breviroetria    {Plectropte- 


u»),  47. 


(Tina 


ua). 


brewerj  (Anils).  192. 
BrowD  Duck.  400. 
Brown  Merganier.  469. 
bnicbii  (AnKr),  94. 
bruimea  (FuUgula).  352. 
brunnea  (Kvroca),  SS5, 

351. 
buccinator  (Cjgnoll,  26, 

33. 
bucdnator  (Olor),  34. 
Burephala,  376. 
bucepbala  (Anal),  3SS. 
buc^pbala    (Clangula), 

386. 
BuiTal'g  Head  Duek,  3S5, 
bulled  (Apt^rTx).  608. 
BuRlard  Uooar,  132. 
BjlbaneBsa,  441. 

ncrulata    (Qurrquedula), 


ALPHABETICiL  nniKS. 

ei7    ^H 

CmiMd  1  p«lit  bw.  23(1. 

■            uliK  (Strutl>i»).  57& 

Cuiard  &  tete  grite.  432. 

^H 

B       Oumptolicniui,  ^27.  416. 

OBnard   a   Uhi   j»p«e, 

mrbo  (Oideriiia).  41 1.              ^^H 

3oa. 

».ribn»  ( Dafila).  492.              ^H 

Canord  i  tfite  noire,  325. 

Carina,  51.                              ^^M 

^M     on*  (Anw),  182. 489. 

OuiBTd  aui  >a(«  bleum. 

aralin^nN    (Kettioa),           ^^M 

^V     ouia  lB«rme1>),  183. 

303, 

239. 2.%.                              ^^M 

^P       oum  (C<>*ar»),  173. 180. 

Csnard  bniii,  4011. 

■^           183. 163. 

C«iianJdeSU.11er.32a 

■          cum  (ChenDlopoi).  163. 

0.nud  de  Midor.  389, 

^H 

■          miui(X«tt<ilopiii>.  IS;!. 

Canard  Daminiquuin  du 

csrolinen«a     (NelUon),         ^^M 

■          <■>)»■  (TadonuiJ,  18S.  183. 

Cap   de    Bonne   Empi- 

^H 

■          QuudaOoow,  112. 

nuic«.  48S. 
Canurd    du    Marunon, 

duU).  2H>.  385.                    ^^H 

145. 

■                ron).  lis. 

^^H 

caDBdfDBiH  iBemwla),  37, 

261. 

om»j,  54.  5U.                       ^H 

112.  UB. 

Canard    J.nun    de    la 

oarvophfUaoe.    (A»»).          ^H 

LouiiianB.  23.^ 

^1.  156.                                 ^H 

111,112,114,115. 

Canard  RogolU  2-2A. 

caryophTllaoea    {Full-            ^^M 

Canard  MurilloB.  300. 

^a),  62.                              ^H 
curropbTllncea    (Bbodn-        ^^^H 

113, 

Canard  musqnc,  52. 

Canard  eau»Bge.  192, 

ncH.).  51.                                ^H 

113. 

Canard  offlt.ur,  227. 

airjupli;UBCea(Tad(inia),         ^^H 

aui«Jeiul.(Cjpnu),  112. 

Canard      oiffleur      de 

Oojenne,  101. 
Oonaid   aOleur    do   U 

"xS'Jr-  '""■  H 

Utu  (Aoaer),  95. 

Jamaiqiie.  1<I2, 

CaMroa.  112,  177.                    ^^H 

(Beraida).  115. 

Cananl    dffleur    huppi, 

easarca  (Asu).  177.                 ^H 

328. 

caurca   (Tadorna),    170,         ^H 

■               (Bnata).  llo. 

c^dJda  (Ooaooroba).  42. 

^H 

candidui  (Anser).  43, 

aLnrk.t  (Anaer),  02,  176.          ^H 

H             (BernioU).  117. 

nnonu  (Ojgniu),  2ft 

Cnaoar,  502.                              ^^H 

canu.  (Aniif).  182. 

Ca>»>r  d'AiuUalie.  087.            ^^H 

""                (Bemioln),  llfi. 

ttnu>  {Crypturua).  498. 

Oo.mu'   de    U   Noutelle         ^H 

.»nu.  (Tinamiu),  4!I8, 

HoUande,  588.                      ^^H 

(Br.Dt.0,  1 1«. 

canu»   (Trachn^lmu.), 

CuttMr  d«a  Indai  Orien-          ^^H 

caoadeiiBis     minima 

49S. 

tal«L5U2.                                  ^H 

iBranW),  117, 

Oannw-back  Duek.  342. 

Ca»»r  di  Jobi,  508.                 ^^M 

u™r .  Hi 

Cape  Wigoon.  250. 

Oaaowar;  frooi  ihe  Sol"-         ^^M 
non  lilandh  602.                ^^H 

capanM  (NeUidu).   239, 

OMUigicft   Anw).  100. 

269. 

caatanea  (Anaa),  156. 2S3,         ^H 

ouugia    Beraicl.),  109. 

o»pen««(An».).2l3.258, 

2.'>5.267.                               ^H 

euiagica   Ch.n),  110. 

25U.  318.  361. 

■»^»   (Chl<>.ph.g»). 

i!apen»ii(AjUiial,  352. 

oaMtanea    (Moreca).  252.         ^^M 

Qtnwka  (Fhilncte).  109. 

■i60. 

o»lAn«    (Virago;.    253.         ^^H 

capeoaUtFWiguM.ail. 

^H 

Ouuini  i  beo  rouge  et 

op«nnB(Mareo>),359. 
«p««i.(Nj««i:362. 

497.  SOr 

plomb*,282. 

Cuurd  i  bone.  M. 

Oa^sU     (QuerqurfnU), 

Owufdi«.lliwdeTerre- 

252, 

n«i.e,  395. 

(Bpen>i»(Pbtrni«)pterui). 

owuneu*      (Crjpturua),           ^^ 

CiiMrd4<!rtwrouge,492. 

m 

514,521.                                .^H 

CiuiaRt  &  hce  bUoche, 

-§ts-^  ""■'"'-"•'■ 

e»iai»-n.  (Tin.mu«).  .''.21.         ^H 

146. 

Cuiwl  il  longua  gutjua, 

oapeoalB   (Spatula),   306. 

^H 

271. 

318. 

M>Uir  (Mergui),  473.476,         ^H 

Caniirdilon(tiieq;iitiuode 

eanipi(Tm8mu»),6a5. 

477.482.                                ^H 

<iarbo(ADaa),  406,  411. 

J 

ILFHIBBTICAL  r. 


138. 


OBiuariiu  (SCnitbio).  592. 
oaudata  (Anaa),  ^^1. 
CBudftU  (Dft&lu),  273. 
omudiicuta   (Arm),    271, 

279. 
oaudMuta  (Daflls).   271, 

280. 
Mud  AeuWQucrq  ueduU) , 

'US. 
Oela.59-2. 
Carconecto,  441. 
CereopaiiuB,  24, 79. 
Cerei^B,  79. 
crrriniTenim      (Orjptu- 

rui),515,  520. 


(Tina 


chiloensii    (Cluulelu- 

mu.),  237. 
chiloeiuis  (Miireoa).  23ll. 
chmeoaia  (Anas).  41«0. 
Chiueu  Duck,  77. 
Chinew  (ioote,  108. 
ChiDBse  Teal,  76. 
cbingBneiitii)  (Anas),  4S9. 
chiomB(.\i]aK).4:l. 
cbioni*  (Cosoorobii),  43, 
chioDJs  (Cf  gnm).  43. 
ohiunia  (Fieudolor).  43. 
Chionoehrn.  62. 
Ohipeuu,  223. 
ChlM<i;doclien,  140. 
ChlDviihHgn,  1-^. 
Chloeitaruphu!.  126. 
Chloopbaga.  128. 
ohlorocis     (Aniu),     287, 


cinereuB        (MsrgaiueT), 

4(15,472. 
cineieiu     (Uicroptenu), 

374. 
cinereuB         (TKhjare.), 

373, 374. 
cineraiiB  (Tetfao),  517- 
cinereu*  (TIdihiiuh),  tiI7. 
cinereua  mbriroatru 

(Anwr),  92. 

■atnlbirroni 


tAn* 


r).  y± 


(Nothur*), 

(Tinamu.). 

(Crnrtu- 

(Tinamutt, 


cwTiuu.(Om>turu.).527. 

oerrinui  (TiDamua),  527. 

Ohaj^B. 

ohalooptera  (Ansa),  2  IS. 

Oturitonetta,  376. 

Chsulelannua,  143,221. 

ChauUodn,  221. 

Chsuliodoiu,  221. 

Ohuiliodui,  221. 

CbuuiiB.  2, 4. 

(SMTana,4. 

ohftTMia  (Ohauau),  4,  G. 

DhnTaris  (Opistholophu!), 


H-ia  (Ann«).  204. 
rcia  (Bmchus),  'Zta. 
rcia  tO>nnoplcnM),295. 

□hlorotit    (Eliuiiioiielta),      eircia        (PterocjaDea), 


387. 
Choristopiu,  44. 
chrynphthalmiu    {Olan- 

giUa),377.380. 
Churi,  580. 
Cigne,  '6!>. 
Oigne  ohnntflur,  28. 
Oign^niiir,  41, 
Cigno  arlcatico,  2(S. 

(AiiKr),    60, 


drcia        fQu^rqutduIa), 

2HI.  293.  200. 
Cirrhala  (Anal),  WQ. 
Ciane  de   cubeia    ofgra, 

39. 
Clangula,  327,  376.  333; 

388. 
clangula     (Anai),     3G3, 

37B,  38(),  sua. 

(Bucvpbala). 


AtFRiBKTICiL  IXDKX. 

619          ^M 

•"C*™"^'- 

iKua).  en. 

cmtalos    minor     (Mar-          ^H 
t^a»r).  461.                               ^H 

^«!fa 

pus).  ISA.  73. 

OrTDLura,  496.                           ^^M 
Crjpturi,  404.                           ^H 

$^ii  Anu),  1»I,3T0. 

(10. 

Cr;pturus.4!«,5]4,                   ^H 

^S^li  4jth»«).  371. 

oowi™  (Anns),  178. 

MOHil   B;nii«U},121. 

CuMorobn.  24,  42. 

cuouUaU(diu»;.  241.               ,^H 

<eaUm*   (Puligula).  35a, 

cosraroha  (Ad«.),  42. 

cucullua  (DaHla).  ^1.               ^H 

370. 3T1. 

coocoroba  (Ainer),  -i'Z. 

cuculkius    (Lop)iodftM),           ^H 

.Mltari»(Full»).371. 

ceKorobi      (Ctacofobn), 

468.                                        ^M 

mUbH*  (M.rila),  371. 

43. 

cui^ultntus     (MergnnMir),          ^^H 

«»lUri.(SjT<K»).371. 

cuMoruIn  (CTgniu).  43. 
fuscoroba  (Olor),  43. 

v,\i.                        ^M 

wbmbiiLna         (Uergo- 

cui-ollalu.  (Mergu.);  3S1.          ^H 

n«(U),  457.  461,  4(W., 

ooscorobi        (Pseudo- 

408.                                       ^H 

cji-nu»).  43. 

eu|>rmi  (Aiiu),  63.                    ^^M 

ooscorobft       (P»eudolor), 

OuraorsB,  570.                           ^^H 

517.  545. 

43. 

Ciir>Ml-bilIed  Duck.  192.          ^H 

CotiiiDiie9ra,]2.  3M. 

currirostra  {Aim),  Ifll.           ^H 

25,  32,  33. 

OoamODeltB.  327,  3H. 

currirosUs         wruTiana          ^^^| 
(Notlioprocta),  566.                ^^H 

Cu»qaell^  582. 

•olrmbiB  (Aiim),  3ft3. 

«.ue.i  (ATwa),  226. 

curiirwlris          (Notbo-         ^H 

eouBtiu        (MiTgsiiur). 

procli),  551.  556.                ^^M 

471,475. 

2-JI,  226. 

curriro.tri.      (Sothnni),        ^H 

OommoQ  Scoter,  401. 

Cravnnl,  120. 

555, 5;>l'..                               ^^H 

ODDunoD  Tenl,  li-U. 

crtcm  (Aum),  103.   231, 

ciiryiroslria      (Tinaumi).         ^H 

2t3,  2+i.  250,  2W. 

^H 

eoq<.imbi(»        (Natho- 

creon      (Boacbuel,     24.-'i, 

CutbbiTt  Duck.  426.                 ^H 

procu).  551,  5ii. 

251. 

cutliberti    (Amis).    426.         ^H 

oomuta  (AnM).  171. 

creoca  (DaBla).  246. 

430.                                       ^H 

OOTKUta  (Anhima),  3. 

crewo     (SeltiuD).     239, 

Culbbert'a  Elder.  426.              ^H 

oomuia   (PabrneJea),  3, 

243,  245. 

fi. 

creco.        (Qufrqueduls). 

Cjanoohen.  128,  I3U.                ^H 

Eornuta  (Tadomii),   171, 

230,244. 

173. 

crecis    americBna    (Bos- 

^H 

Coraniandel  Teul,  tiS. 

clu»),  251. 

cjnnoptora       (Bern  ids ),           ^^M 

cretos  rubmj)  (Querque- 

^H 

68. 

duk).  245. 

cjanuptrra  (Braiita),  139.           ^^M 

rrcc«>ideB(.\nfli).  2«1. 

ujanoplcra           (Plcro-              ^^H 

68. 

t^ani-a).  63,  31)4.                      ^H 

246,  261.  262- 

cjonoplern         (Q.ierqiM-           ^H 

tlln).  6R. 

CniBt«d  Dui^k.  216. 

du!a).63,29l,3U3.                ^H 

OrimTOn-biUed         Duck. 

CjBiinpteriK.  200.                         ^H 

nitlB,,  (18. 

286. 

cyanoptenu  (Anner),  1311          ^^H 

ooromandeliuu   (,Cheiui- 

crirtata  (Ana.-),  188,  216. 

cyanopterua    (BrpiiLhtu).          ^^H 

lopei),  08. 

363. 

^H 

cristata  (Aytbjs),  3Ki. 

Cyannpterus  (Cjanociien),           ^^^| 

ore").  68. 

cHitala  (Clinuiia).  4.  6. 
cpiBlata(DaHU),  216. 
criBtala    (Fuligula),     74. 

cranorhrn<.h-.(Anna),4fiO.           ^H 
cvanDrbt-ncba     (Eriamtt-         ^^H 

69. 

aTa,348,3li4.»W,371. 

tura),-450.                               ^H 

nU«u>,  68. 

.■mlat(i(Kiilii),344,36j. 

(Tiitiurbvriclia  (Quarqiw      ^^^M 

iTinlala  ((Edeniin),  :j6,=i. 

diila).  2<;5.                             ^^M 

pu»).  6(1.  68.  72. 

crwlala(P«Uimed,«|,  (1. 

cjaiiomtria  (Ana«),4l&         ^^H 

cri«lBtB(Tadijrna),  216. 

cycno^dca      (C.Tgnopni},       ^^H 

PM),  64,  68. 

i.'riMalelIiu       (Tinamiu), 

106.                                       ^H 

503. 

OfOlopaia.  107.                             ^M 

peDDU  (NeUapui),  T2. 

crinlatuB  (Anas),  4G8. 

CycDOB.  2A.                                ^H 

cri»taluf       (Mergan«f), 

c^giusas.                      ^H 

479,  4S2. 

Oygna  Madrt,  7&                      ^^H 

Blla),  60,  148. 

crulatuB  (Mergiu),  493. 

C7gtM  MUTCga^  36.                  ^H 

^ 

J^f 

CTgnu  (Adm),  35. 
CygiiiiUB,  23,  24. 
CTgnoidea  (Anu),  107. 
oygnoidss  (Anier),  107- 
oTgnnidea       [0}-|niop«ia), 

107. 

oygDaidoB         aiutralii 

(Anaa),  107. 
oygnnides  Btutralii  (Cyg- 

noiwu),  106. 
Cfnuidea  fsrui  (Aiuer), 

oygnoide*  hjbridn  (Oyg- 

nopaii),  106. 
ejgnoidta     orientalu 

(Anai),  107. 
Ojgnopau,  SI,  107. 
C7|Dui,  Zi,  26,  31.  35, 

emuB   (Anai),    26,   32, 

oygniu  (AnMr).  2ft,  35. 
cygnui  ((>giiua),  28. 
oygnna    (ferug)    (An«s), 

X. 
cjgniM      (manniBtua) 

(Adm),  35. 
■Tpm  (Anw),  332. 


»  (Adm),  171. 

»     (Todoma), 

173. 
DmrnietU  Duck.  171. 
Smflla,  144.  270. 
(tanioil  (SormtUria),  427. 
Sq>hil>,270. 
■     wini   (Notliuro),  559, 


ALPHABEnCAL  INDKX. 

derbiuia  (Obuina),  5. 
derbjann  (lachyomii),  6. 
dert^ana    (IscbyrorDu), 

derbjHna  (Palunedcik),  5. 
diazi  (Anaa),  ISS,  -^4. 
Didactjle  Ostrich,  57Q. 
dircsa  (Anu),  S7. 
discolor    (DendrooTonii}, 

145, 161. 
diaoolor    (DendrocTEna), 

101. 
dUcora  (Anna),  299. 
diacora  (Bo«hai),  300. 
diaoon    (Oyanopterua). 

300. 
diacora  (PteroOTanm), 

300. 
diBcori    (Querquedula), 

281,299. 
dL'tcors  occidsnlaliB  (Bua- 

cbu),  303. 
diipar  (Anu),  411). 
diepar  (Anxr).  135. 
diapnr    (Bernida),    133, 

135. 


diapar  (Fol^iticta],  420. 
diapar  (SomateHa),  420. 
diapar  (Sullaria).  41U. 
dUpar  (Sulleria).  420. 
diuiniitia     (Orjpturtis), 


dominicua    (Komunji), 

438. 
Doubla  Macreuw,  406. 
DuubU  Macreuee  d'Am£- 

rique,  409. 
drcpanoptera*    (Anaa). 

218. 
drtpaDoptcros  (Ouerque- 

diila),  -219. 
drepiLnapteroa   torquata 

(Anaa),  2ia 
dreaaeri  (Somateria),  424. 
DronuEUB.  585. 
Droinuua,  585. 
Dromfe  do   la  Nouielle 

Hollande,  iWT. 


Dromi 


.  ftS.'i. 


Droniridoi,  Ci 
Dromiceiiu,  58ft. 
Dromiceus,  585. 
Dun  Direr,  473. 
Dualcj  aiidSpott«d  Durk, 

Dutk;  Duck.  200. 


eatoni  (DaOla),  270.  278. 
cUoni      (Querquedula). 

2lM,  278. 
Eder  fuitUna.  425. 
ednardnii   (Casukriua). 

aoo. 

Egyptian  Oooae,  167. 
Elder,  425. 
Eider  Duck,  42.'i. 
ElaimaaettA,  143,  287. 
elefEune    (Cjiludro 


er]-lhncua      ( Pbajnioo- 

plerus).  11.14,  19. 
rrjthrwwpluiln     (Aou). 

efjlhrooephnla  (ATtbys), 

337.  340. 3ja. 
erjrthrocephnb      (Fuli- 

gutn),  337. 
eryLbruoeuhala  (Nyroo), 

341. 
erTthropbtbolou  (Anu), 

353. 
orylbrophriialtiw     (Ny- 

mm),  aSA,  653. 

erythnniiia     (Aaaa),    S3, 

OT,  117. 
erjtbropiu  (Anwr),  80. 

111.33.96,  (i7.fl8.117, 
errthropus    (Berniala), 

118. 
srytbropoft   (Oiyplurua), 

518,  532,  534. 
erytbropus  (HuriloehenJ, 

ya 

erjtbropiis    (NoUiuoer- 

ciu).  534. 
erythrcpui    {Tiii»niiw), 

534. 
erTthrorhjncliii    (AoM), 

200. 285. 
erttbrorhjiiaba  (Dafila). 

199.286. 
errtbrorhynGhii(MBn<ca). 

285. 
erylh  rorhjp  AafNetti  on) , 

2m. 
enlbrorUj-noliit  [Pmdlo- 

n«tU).  282,  296, 
erTthrorliynchH    (Quer- 

queduU),  2^7, 385. 
erytbrorhjneha     (T«- 

dorna),  285. 
Eudromin.  566. 
Bubibea,  1(H. 
Bulabeia,  It^ 
EulKbis,  104. 
Eimethi,  143,218, 
europntu      ( Chcntico- 

pteriu),  U. 
tjiaai    (I>Bndroeypna). 

145, 165. 
eytoni     (Dendrooygna). 

inn. 

eytoni  (Leptolsniti),  IGj. 


ALPOABBTIOAL  IKVES. 

rBbalJi(An9er).  B9,99. 
fuben  (ClibaguIa],S91. 
fiiberi  (Hmlds).  3iH. 
raberijPlatypiu),  Se!>. 
(kero«nni   ($Diiial«rk), 

427. 
Faithful  Jftoam.  4. 
fiilcsrU  (Ail),  218, 
alcaru  (Anna),  218. 
falcaria    (Querquedula), 


219. 

fBlcaU(MBrecB),  219. 
rdcala     (QiierqueduU), 

180,  218. 
FuJoatcd  Duok.  2ia 
ralcstuTD  (Nettion),  219. 
fkinilisrii     (radonu), 

172. 
fajiieiuia  (Anu),  425, 
fiuciKla  (Anu).  319. 
I'luci&ta  (Crfpan).  559. 
ruoistus   (AUlaeorbyn- 

dim),  320. 
lumal.tu   (RbynBbotUB), 

54M. 
fuciotUB  (Tiiiftmiu},  559, 

hm  {Anui  m,  300, 
fern  (Buscbu),  192. 
rsHna  (Aiuh),  335,  340. 

340. 
ferins  (AHIiyia).  337. 
reriiia(A]rtb;B),33S,S44. 
feriiia  (Fuliguk),  74,33i>. 

338,  340.  306.  379. 
ranTik(Fulii),  337. 
fBrins  (M«fiU).  337. 
ferina  (Nyrooa),  33t,335, 

340,368. 
forms  kDieriainB  (Full- 

Buta),  341. 

— .(FuUi), 


fcrinoide*     (Puli^uln), 


femiginB*    (Adm),    17T. 

345.  450. 
ferruginHi  (Biiiura),  450. 
remigioea  (EriBtiistura), 

441,    442,    446,    449, 


ferrugineus  (Ansor).  182. 
Ferruginoiil  Dunk.  345, 
rerm  (Anwr).  88,  80,  90, 

91.  lUO,  101.  104. 
roriu  (Ojgnopa.),  108. 
rani*   (Oygniw),   'X,  27, 

31.32,37. 
ferns  cuadenua  (Anwr), 

112. 
fidelis  (Ohautu),  5,  7. 
adelic    (Opistholopbui), 

6,  a. 

Smbnata  (Ana*),  282. 
finmiFvluoug  (Anwr),  97. 


Fireiui 


I,  Bll. 


fitoheri  (Amu),  422. 
fiacberi  [Arctoactla),  422. 
fitcberi  (Puligula),  422. 
Sseberi   (Lampronetta). 

423. 
fluberi  (Somateria'),  422. 
FincbioDe  ool  oiuSb,  328. 
FiatioDi;,  294. 
Bstiilans  (Marc**),  23a 
BBiulnriilADu),  227. 
Ualutnri*  (Mareco),  2S8. 
Dstiikru  (Mann),  230. 
Uatularia       amerjcann 

(Adiui),  150, 
flatulsria  criMaUi  (Aoaa), 

328. 
Sitularu      jamaiocnsia 

(Anas),  162. 
Flamant.  18, 
Plumnut     d'Aoierlque, 

16. 
FUmenco,  17- 
Flammgo,  U.  15.  19. 
Flamingo  witb  redbnaat. 


flSTiroaCria   (Ann),   196, 
212.214,261,203. 

OarimtriB  (Daflla),  261. 
flafiroelria    (Qu«rque- 

dula).  261,  263. 
Florida  Duok.  203. 
rormow(Aii).341. 
formooa    (Anna),    240, 

formoia  (BoMhu),  241. 
rormo<n(Bunetia),  1^1. 
formon  (Nettion).  241. 
(ormnaa    ((jusrquidula). 


(PtdignU),         fortnowra  (Settion),  238, 


4oO. 
fcmiein. 


femipUM  (Nyrooa),  344. 


J 


ILPSABBTICAI.  IKDEZ. 


fncnatA    (Mnvanetts), 

457.458. 
frmntiii     (Sotbocfircns), 

5O0.  512. 
rrenate  (Anu),  .355. 
fren&ta  (MariU),  357. 
freWnsia  (Anas),  ^1. 
freleiuij   (Cyanoptcnu), 


ru«CBTelT«tina(PiiligulD),      gtorpca    (Fxcilouetta), 
41U.  2(iC). 

a,    velTCtiiift    (Gi^- 

ifl).  410. 

mx™  (Amu),  400. 


291. 


freti    1 


I   (Ptaroqyanen), 

[miB    (Anas), 

432. 
fret)  hudmnis  (Querque- 

duls).  305. 
rrODUlis(AiMeO,  %. 
fulieinoai  (Anas),  4(K. 
FuliguU,  3«,  SH. 
fn1igul>(Anai),3G3.37a 
fUligul>(Ayth7n),3ff3. 
fubeula  (Kuligula).  S40, 

340,    354,    3«3,   305, 

ses. 

fuligiila  (FuliiX  3A5. 
fuligula  (NTFiica),  363. 
fuligula  (PUtTpna),  365. 
Fuligulins,  24,  3JC. 
fuligulua(PlatTpiu),3a,5. 
Fulix,  354. 
fiilva  (Anu).  149. 
fuUa  (Osfila),  160. 
fuln     (I)endran;cD»), 

145,  140. 
fulni     (DendrooTgna), 

160,  151. 
fuli«(Dendn.nfsai  1,150. 
iligiiln),  lfl(J. 


riucD-botchu      (Anas), 
H13. 
IS  (Apleryx),  tilO. 
u  (tlerganser),  4R0. 
IS   (Uergue).    4tiU, 

fiuous  (Platypus),  407. 

Gadwall.  222. 
galoingenns      (Foecilo- 

DMta),  282,  2(«. 
Onleuted  CoHOVarv,  592. 
galpatua  (CasuiuHua),  590, 

pileri^ulntAcAia),??. 
RaldriculatB  (Ais),  73, 7fi, 

77. 
galerioiilala  (Anas),  74, 

7G.  77. 
galericulnta     (Cosmo- 

ncaaa),  77. 
gaJerieiilala    (Dendro- 

i.«aa),  77. 
gnlericulata    (lAiupro- 

gaiiibcli  (AiiKr),  89,  05, 
9U. 


gJbben(Mi-lanitta).402. 
gibbm  (Oidemia).  402. 
gibbma  (Tadonia),  172. 
gibberifnjM  (Anas).  2W, 

gibberifrons     (JIar«ca), 

254. 257. 
eibberifroiu     (Nettioa), 

2:w.  2»1. 

gibberifrons     (Qui>rqiie- 

riula),  2.">4,  257.  2fi». 
gibberifrons.  far.  bemitri 

(Anas),  2o8. 
gibbifrons  (4nas\  2,">5. 
gibbosua  (Cvgiiua),  36. 
gibbuB  (C^gQus),  35. 
girra  (Anas).  IM. 
girra  (Anser),  63. 
girra      (Dendrucj'gna), 

6$. 
girra  (Uicroi^giia),  69. 
glaciuliH  (Aiui'i).  3p9. 
glacinliB(ClMiguU).;l89. 
glacinlis    (Cry 


gtadnlis  (Fuligula).  .191. 
gludiiliiHH(.relda).3S9. 
giiu.'iali,(Meiuamai.301. 
■     ialia(Ur;rgUB),4(>*. 


^^^ 

ALPHlBKriCAL  IMDEI, 

623       ^^ 

gutlBts  {Dendnwygn*), 

hiatrionis  (Anu).  396.                  ^| 

dutoi.  -m. 

IW. 

n"«led        MprgnRcer.               ^M 

glcK.-it)m»(Aii).S4l. 

giittaluB      (Crjpluriu). 

469.                                          H 

gluoiun.    (Ana*),    -240, 

508. 

honiejeri  (Ana«j,  333.               ^^M 

248. 

guttatus  (Timuaiu),  497, 

liomejeri  (AjftbTa), 33d.           ^^H 

gliM)IUn*(Eun«tia).241. 

508. 

bomcjeri  (Fuli^ult),  397.         ^^^| 

glooitui  (Unrem).  241, 

gutt.laU  (Amu),  IfU. 

Homed  S-^reamnr,  3.                   ^^^| 

240. 

guttuliita  (ltoDdro<7<m»), 

norned  WaweT.  86.                    ^^1 

m. 

ham»chuchii  (CEdemii),            ^H 

341.  M6. 

gutmlata  (DeDdncygnal, 

40a                                              ^H 

gljphorbjncljus  (Pho-iii- 

nvt- 

hornutiuchit  (Melonitta).          ^H 

ccpttru.),  U. 
cmefini  (Anas).  491. 

fuUiilatua      (Tinamua), 

407.                                        ^H 

m. 

hotlfntota  (AnM).  266.              ^H 

gm«lmi  (FuliguU),  4D1. 

Ojtiinnthu*,  .11. 

botlentota  (KeitioD),  260.          ^H 

godnuii  (NotboprocU), 

Gyninurn,  441. 

fiSl. 

dula),  265.                               ^H 
Urota  (>»«,).  117.                         ^H 

haoiti    (Apterji).   604, 

«11. 

liuiuBmlU  (Anu),  296.               ^H 

go-rfdi      Dendr«-jgn»), 

Hsrelda.  32T,  388. 

buTiicraUB      (Querquo-              ^H 

154. 

Harle,  473. 

dula),  296.                               ^H 

naciUi  (Aniu).  25r>, 

Marin   &    mantesu  noir, 

hutchiTin  (Annr),  114.              ^H 

ewmmw  (Anw).  490. 

481. 

bntchinai   rBnmla),  111,          ^H 

Oraad  Canitrd,  .''2. 

Hnrle  oounmn^.  46a 

114,115.'                                ^H 

Orandp  M,uT.niM,  40C. 

Harle  etoiU,  Vii. 

gmnJims(A.,*.r),84. 

Harla  hupp^  481. 

^H 

gr»udib(Atni»).  lOT. 

Hwle  hupp6  do  Tirginw, 

hutebiuBii    (Bfraiala).               ^H 

gr«)di8(An«rJ  1112,107, 

4119. 

^H 

108. 

Harlequin  Duok,  395. 

butcbiusil     (Leuccble-               ^H 

grendis  (Beraiclii).  1(17. 
OreM  BUcli  and  While 

linrtlaubi    (PWronatta), 

pbarou),  115.                               ^H 
hrbcma    (An<u),    3^15,                  ^H 

Duck,  42U. 

^1 

Great  liUek   Durk  TruiD 

fa. 

hybrida  (Anaa).  130.                          ^ 

Hudxun'uBiiy,  412. 

hauaiensij  (Anwr),  127. 

tijbrida(Bprnicla).  131. 

Or»t  OooK,  107. 

l,a«aiim..i.  (A^er),  137. 

liybrida     (Chloepbaea), 

a™uTiTmmot...^l3. 

Hawkesborj  Duck,  140. 

128, 130- 

QMy-headed  Di.uk,  182, 

Heuii-onetla,  327,  418. 

lijbridu5(Anwr),  130. 
Hydrobules.  452. 

Heteronslto,  144,  32ft. 

Orev-heade6  Ooow,  182. 

hi<-milii  (ClBnguU).  391. 
hiemBlii(Ua»ldB),  301. 

l,jem«lU    (Ana,),    .T77. 

Gray  W  Oooae,  g9. 

389. 

grue.  (AnM),  llKi,  488. 

bi„»(An»«),4!)0. 

hjemalie(C'langula),379, 

Bri«.{Fui;g.,l.),417. 

liinalQuenjumlula),  490. 

391. 

gmriicntris  (Crjpluru*), 

Hit..  T™1.  490. 

hj™Jis  (Fnligula),  392. 

014.521. 

Hi],p«lwtrio,  590. 

hjeuialUiQl8mjion),391. 

griMu.  (An*r).  80. 

hi8irioniM(Ai»ui),395. 

liyemslU  (Harelda).  391, 

392. 

397. 

HjinPnolffitnuB,  4M,  455. 

dala),251. 

biilrioDiea    (ClangaU), 

guacu  (Crtplum),  .MS. 

39.1. 

UTDnetU,  bl. 

.  ■DWu  (Ti£arau.),  MS. 

hygerborea  (Ana»).   83. 

,  gBinMnHB  <inMr),  im. 

3H5.;i96. 

'■"ios'""''  '^^'^"i^'' 

hi,)nonia.     (FuliguU), 

atiit. 

byporborea   (Cijen).   38,              ^H 

iCUJftMiuii     (Phttnico. 

hislnouioi      (Hnrelda), 

hvp«rboreDnirali,(Oheil).          ^^| 

piwu.),9. 

a,M6. 

^^H 

.  SakuDa  Duck.  4S«. 

hialrioLica     (Phljoco- 

g5,87.                                       ^M 

BuUata    ^nu).     IW. 

„Blta).  396. 

Hi^trionicu.,  394. 

byperborcu>  (Ana.).  86.               ^H 

hi»lrionicu«  (Histriooi- 

ou.),3«J. 

L,|«rto«>u.(An«,r),83.                H 

guUaU   (Drndrocycnn), 
14f..  1114. 

396. 

byg^„.(Chen).82.               fl 

bjperboreiu    (Ohtnalo- 

pei),  86. 
hjperboreuH   (Cbiono- 

dim),  85. 
hjperboreai    (CygDul). 

43. 
hyperbonui      nlbatus 

(Ohen),  86. 
hjperbonus  niralii  (An- 

«r).  87. 
hyperboreiii      uifalii 

(Clitn),  87. 
hjperboreui,  T>r.  &lba- 

(lu  (AumO,  86. 

loeUnd  Duck,  38S. 
ignipalliutui  (Plupnico- 

pterus),  11,  U,  17. 
iUtLeni  (Anaa),  282. 
natbcra  Buck,  282. 
Ilhui,  682. 
IljonettB,  334. 
imiDUtabilig     (Cygnug), 

37.38. 
immuliibilu  (Olor),  37. 
iinperialii  (Uci^unaer], 

imperUlii  (Mergiu),  493. 
Insmbii  oiulado,  619. 
la&mbu-oarupj,  564. 
Inanibii  guanl,  &48. 
Inttobd  futodo,  627. 
Inmnbui.  6.'ill. 
indiot  (Anas).  52,  106. 
imlim  (Anser).  1(15. 
indim  (BLimicla).  10,'>. 
uidica  (EuIsbBes),  lOj. 


intermedia  (Atm).  338. 
inlerraediua  (Ans»r).  94. 
intormediui  (Tinamui), 

497. 
intermcdiua  (TTscbypel- 

mue),  4tn. 
iodutiB  (Anna),  321). 
iodolLs      (Malaoorhjn- 

obu.).  320. 
iopareia  (Anna).  53. 
Iprcati-apua,  .'i9. 
ipecutEri  (Ana«).  267. 
ipeciitiri  (Querque<lula), 

2(17. 
ipeciituri  (Qiiorqucduta), 


(Dm 


ua). 


irroniitus      (DromBius), 

689. 
iMbjamia,  4. 
Lchyromia.  4. 
ialnndica  (Anu),  383. 
islandiw  (AjCbya).  367. 
island  ica      (Bucepbnla), 

381. 
isInDdica  (Claneula),  37G, 

383. 
ialandioa(Fuligula),357, 

ialandica  (aiaucioDBtla), 
384. 

islandica      (Soinnterui), 

islandifum    (aUuoLon), 

384. 
idandicua  (C^gQUe),  23, 


166. 
jaTaaicK  (DendroareDa), 

146,  156.  157- 
jiTanica  (Dcndrueygiw), 

1.U  166. 
johniioTiii     (Caauariiu), 

ubao  (Anaa),  141). 
'  ubaln  (Bpnii.-ltt),  140. 
.  ubata  (Branla),  Ml. 
iibata  (ClLPnnh>]Ki),  170. 
ubiiW    (ClwnonetUi), 

140, 170. 
jubata   (CblamTduchan), 

140. 
jubBis     (ChlMpbags), 

141. 
jubalui    (AoKr).    140. 

1(19. 
jubatiu  (Breiithua).  141. 
jubatui    (Cbeualui>ei), 

](>K,  IGll. 
juliiiB      (Sotlioceri'ue), 


kagol™  (AiiBB).  22a 
kiig.itk>  (Mureot).  330. 
EaRiiehi,  3. 
Kniiipturbjncbus.  416 
Kasarka    du    Cap     de 

Bonne-EBporatioe.  182. 
kamrkDide<  (Anaa),  I8a. 
hmpi   (Uuunnus),    61)3, 


^^^ 

ALPHABETICAL  INDEI. 

G2o     ^H 

Librtdorii.   (PulipUs), 
417. 

IfUTOWjAalui    (Aaai). 
442, 

l>bnidorl»   (Somaleris). 

lc-iH!<>Mphnlin(PIfttjpm), 

UuMiphthaloiu*  (Aiuu).        ^^M 

Ubrodori<:a(AaM).41T. 

'"sr" '""■""""'• 

^^M 

I*i...»).417. 

Ittbrsdoriiis   (Ounptu- 
■                 \tt>m«3).  41il. 

"'ax.'S'iS'""'- 

pu.).347.                            ^H 

H          Ubnuluriiii    (Campto- 

loiicwmji  (Putiftneilo). 

loucopia  (Bcmiclri),  37.          ^^H 

H              ki»>u>).4IT. 

leacopMi   (Anu),    117,         ^^^^1 

^H          bhredoru*    (Camplo- 

1457^                                 ^H 

^L            lAimiu).  417. 

pterual,  4l'ifl.«il,403. 

Uucop«»  (Au»r).  lis.           ^^1 

^H        Ubrodanui    (ampto- 

leiicolaioa   (BemicU), 

leui»psu  (Beruidft),  US.        ^^H 

H            rh7aoh,u.).  417. 

ua 

leucopalu   (Bnmta).   III.       ^^^1 

^B        kbr«]orua    (Kaiiiplo- 

^^M 

^r            rbvnoliua).  417. 

Mr),  473. 479. 

IpucvptU  (Brenthus),  1 10.      ^^H 

^~         laglnuii  (Oasusriui),  598. 

It-ucopiii    (Clienalopiui).         ^^^H 

378. 

^H 

431. 

U<uM|t«n   (Aiuu),   00.         ^^B 

^H         Laptnuk  Duck,  345. 363. 

leuoonoto  (Biiiura).  437. 

^B        lurnta  {Ana«\  2fHI. 

""S-  """'*'■     ■ 

43T. 

^1            2IS0. 

leui»pt«ni  (Cuuras),  60.        ^^^1 

437. 

'""sna"'"-'"'"''  ■ 

^B           ItnirrmiB  (Tinamui).  407. 

■ 

43(!. 

leucoplera  (CWoi^phnga),         ^H 

■            ktmntr.    (Ad^k).    845, 

leocnnoWs     (AyLhja), 

^H 

W          3e3. 

Xi7. 

kucoptero   (FuUguk),            ^^H 

ImiroMri.  (Anm),  41.1. 

Ipupoiiolo.   (F.iligul.). 

^H 

l«tir«tri.(Nyroai).  3«fi. 

357. 

leuiMipterua  (Anaer),  132.        ^^H 

U-n'i    (Apterji),    «», 

606 

Uu.-or.oHu    (CUnguU), 

Uuconterua     (Sarcidl'            ^^^H 

430,437. 

o«L).  uo.                  ^H 

w 

lei>Wi  (Pl.tj'p..»).  428. 

43(i. 

leuDotis  (Abub).  3<i:l.                  ^^H 

liuniEi  (Ct^ii«),  'M.                ^^M 

lepidoi™    (Crjplurii.  , 

LeupopareiB,  111. 

linnei  (FuligiiJit),  365.             ^^M 

525. 

1147115.116. 

LipMentrue.  21.                          ^^H 

Lcplulanis,  144. 

LitUe  Block  and  Wtite        ^^H 

Duok.  385.                           ^^M 

Illtle  Brown  and  Whita       ^^M 

plaron).  115. 

Duck.  3SJj.                           ^^H 

442.' 

leucopweim    (Anser). 

LitUs  Brown  Duck.  385.         ^^M 

114. 

LitUe  TiDDuiuu,  522.               ^^H 

443. 

UuR>p.ris    (Bernidn). 

lillanlis  iTiKtorna),  1 72.         ^^M 

ne—V  413. 

US. 

InbaU  (Anai-).  4^2.                     ^^H 

lobaU  (Biliuni),  452.              ^^M 

tiin.).  444. 

■•s"""  "■""■'"■ 

lobala  (Eri..uatufi),  453.        ^H 

leunoceph-Tii   (Eriima- 

'Tfi.'""-"- 

bb.<.u.   (Ufarob<.t«8).            ^H 

tura).  441.  442. 

452.                                      ^H 

toiicoi'ephali.  (Fuliguln). 

UucophChBlma    (FuU- 
guU).  347. 

442. 

Wt>gi«uda  <Aniw).  270.         ^H 

toucwvphda  (OidciDu), 

Wf.  357,  360. 

^H 

442. 

louginudi  (CaBla).  L>73.         ^H 

luugii^uiU    uliuidics             ^^H 

443. 

mieri  (Nj™-«).  344. 

(Anu).  36S.                         ^H 

iBiiaoveplulK   iiOJannn 

,.,^«,*„  (...,. 

(Mcrganior),  481.                 ^H 

... 

2.               ^H 

Imuriroatrii     (Notlio- 
lonsinwtrM   (Tinjimus), 

IiCHig'Uiled  Duck  fnim 
ifildwn'.  Bay,  389. 

loM-buled  Duck  rrom 
New-Fouodbnd,  389. 

Lophodjtta.  463.  468. 

lopbolM  (MsTgus).  4tl6. 

lopholua  (Anaer),  140. 

lophotiu  (ChsD&lopex), 
140. 


lophTra  (Aom),  216. 
lopbyra  (Pnlainpdea),  7. 
luoIJa  (Aniu),  491. 
luoonini  (Aau).  203. 
ludoricdaua   (Querque- 

diiln),  a&j. 
Intida  (Amu),  335, 490. 
luioniCB    (Anas),     188, 


maoou  <Bii;<in],  44A. 
nutccoa    (Emmatuni), 
441,448. 

>■  (Oiyurn),  4^8. 


ALPUABETICAX  Iin>XX. 

pterus).  291. 
nuuuliroBtriB     (Ftero- 

ryaiiM),  291. 
mBGuliroMria   (Qu«rqit»- 

duU).  291. 
maculosa  (Anas),    187, 

2tt1. 
maculosa  (Nolhura),  558, 

5.T9,5«l,.'iii2,  563. 
maculosa     (Tlnamua), 

06O. 
mociiloaus  (Orjpturui), 

maculuaui    (Hothurus), 

6&9. 
muculoaua   (Tiiumui), 

KiO. 
Madagascar  Teal,  iiH. 
mndagsacarienaia  (Ados), 

IW). 
madagaacariensis    (Ber- 

niola),  S6. 
modagucarien 

lop«i).  6i). 


iwua).  05. 
madogaacarieiit 

cjgna),  6«. 
mada^tiscarieiu 

laadaraucirienB 
pu»),  (Mi. 


I  (Cbena- 
i  (Che- 
a(Micro- 
i  (N«l». 
a  (Netto- 
»  (Quer- 


major  (Trtrao).  .W3. 
ra^ior    (TiDsmus).   497. 

600,  501.  603,  503,  505, 

60U,  507, 559. 
major    (Tntcbypclmiis). 

5(3. 
major  brasilieniis  (Fer- 

dii).  502. 
major  ruBcepaCTinaiiuiii), 

506. 
major  aubcriblatm  (Tinn. 

mua),  505. 
inslaourhyncba  (.Anna), 

320, 4.'w. 
innlacorhpicha     (Full- 

EuU).  456. 
maiacorhjnchoe  (.inns), 

455. 
malaoorhynchoB  (Rbjii- 

cbupia),  4.'>.5. 
Malacorbynchua,    144. 

319.  456. 
nuila«irlijn8hu3  (IItiiip* 

nolle  mua).  4.1.^. 
malacorhjnchus    (Muki- 

corhmcliua).  320. 
Mallard.  192. 
Mandarine  Duck.  TC 
Manilla  Teni,  147. 
maaillpaais  (AnoH).  147. 
iiianillonalB      (Qucrque- 

dula),  148.  2<>U. 
■  «  (Cignus 


I 


nariloidoa     (FuIiguU), 

337.  352.  a.'iS,  361. 
uurilaidM  f  Fulix).  S.'je. 
■tiaribg  (PkiTpii*).  3ST. 
iimrina  (Aiuu),  3a'>. 
tnarins  (Fnligula;,  357. 
iDwititna  (Anu),  171. 
mnrilima  ('Xadorni).  172. 
Hannaninatu,  144,  320. 
Marmonetla,  320. 
m&rTDQnita  (Anas),  321, 


(Han 


U).  32-J 


(NoChura), 

."159.  6GI. 
nmruiorota      (Qucrque- 

dulA).  322. 
luaniioiatiu  (Tinumug), 

501. 
miuciirina  (Ana*),  190. 
tuaiitua  (Ahm),  .'hi.  193. 
lUBiirua   (Aplerji).   600, 

fill. 
iiiBiiiiiu«(ApUi7i),r>ll. 
media    (NuUiiira),    6dU, 

561,  563. 
inediierrBDeB     (Audi), 


ALPaiBCItCJ.1.  INDEX, 

ondlancor^phtu     (Crg- 

Qiu),  25,  39. 
DieUaearyphus   (Stbene- 

lu«),  40. 
HelaoilU,  300. 
meliuloceubnlu     (Aniu), 

38,325,377, 

oUnocephalik 

U).  325. 361. 
mnlnnotspbala  (Hetero- 

netla),  32.'). 
luelnnocephala  (Nmm), 

325. 
luelanocephatuB  (Aoser), 

105. 
mrlnnoacphnlusfCygn  lu), 

39. 
m^lanooaiypbua   (Ansa], 


I 


megapuB    (Iklelaoitla), 

4U7. 
me^pua  ((EdeuiiH},  40S, 
inpgnrlij'Di'hiia    (Somate- 

ri&),  434. 
mega  It  ro*    (Claneuls), 

3»1. 
tnegnuroa      (Hardda), 

301. 
niegnuroa    (MelanitU), 

402. 
lupEiaum    (SoiDoteria), 

&. 
mcgaiinia     (Oidemia), 

402. 
Megi.lanM.  670. 
melancorjpha  (Anns),  39, 
inelanourrpba    (Stbene- 

lld«),  40. 
mo'.nncoryphm    (Anaer), 


.luiioleucua    (Adht), 

44. 

ilsnoleiicuB    (Anser- 

anu).  45. 
melaiioleucua    (Anwnt- 

nu.).  44. 
meUnoIeiicui  (Olioruto- 

pm).  45. 
melaiioleuciu    (CfgniiB), 

Melanonettn,  399. 
melanonolA   (Sarcidior- 

Bi»),  54,  66,  57.69. 
roelouoDotoi      (Anna), 

66. 
meUaoDottu  (AoHer),  55, 

50. 
■DelatioDotiu    (Flectro- 

ptsru*),  !itt. 
mdaiionotua    (Sarcidior- 

ni.l,  55. 67. 
tDelanopui     (Benucla), 

121. 
meUnaptera    (Berniola), 

129. 
mvlannptera     (Branta), 

129. 
nielanopfem   rCblotpha- 

ga),  128,  120. 
mElanoplenii     (Anur), 

lafl, 

metnnoptcrtu  (BrenUiua), 


molanoriimui    (Orcnii*), 

30. 
inelanurliynchiu     (Ojg- 

nu«),  -Jr. 
mHlaODta  (  Anas).  56, 57. 
melannUi    (SBraidioniia)i 

65,  5rt. 
nielinolis  (Anai),  55. 
mplnnatin  (Anu),  56. 
inolnnotot  (Anaer),  65. 
mclonotoa     (Flectropte- 

melaDDliis(Ana>),  66,  58. 
melanotuB   (Aiiwr),    64, 

59. 
inulnnottia  (garDidioriiia), 

55,66. 
m^lanDtiu  (Sarlidiornia), 


Qelanoleuca    (BernicU), 


menibranarea  (RhTnohaa- 

pia),  319. 
Mruibrauaceoiu     Suck, 

319. 
tncmbraiuuteni  (Malaco- 

rbjiicbiu),  319. 
membrinnoeua   (Malaoi^- 

rliynchm),  320,  456, 
Mergaoetu,  454,  467. 
MergnneClinie.  24,  454. 
Mergan»r,     463,     471, 

472, 


ijiergBiuer(MergiiB),  103, 
4.2,476,477. 

lMBreii»).477. 
Mertrrllu*,  463. 
mergiformia    (Clangula), 

381. 
Uarginn,  24,  463. 
Mprgoide*  327. 
merguidM  (Anna),  370. 
mcrgoLdea      (Ckngula), 

379. 
Mergo-OrM,  473. 
Mxrgu*.  463,  471. 
iDeriai]|u(Anaa),62. 
meriilionalia  (Fuligula). 


028 

At,PHABETlfc*I,  IKDEJ:. 

^^ 

Mosolia.  51. 

nifFM  (Eri,malura),  443. 

243. 

mowhaU  (Ami.),  51.  .W. 

mer»(Fulizu]»).443. 

minor    (Tinamiia).    663, 

60. 

iner»i(ri>dina),  443. 

aio. 

moKhatA  (AnMr),  53. 

b-d 

miniu   itriiitimi     (Oluu- 

iui«cbaU    (CitiriDa),  £1, 

moserjlLriiB    (Tinamu*), 

.■ium).  35S. 

52,  .W. 

52i 

mi.iuta  (kM»\  3fl6. 

m™ch,tu  (Carina),  .W. 

miouK.  (Anwf).  US. 

Minute  MergHnwr.  4tiu. 

53. 

IfatopiM.  333. 

ramuli.8(An«r),B8. 

moMhala    (lIjonMlu), 

53. 

nietopiu  (FHliguU),  332. 

397. 

M™iflnDuoJ..801. 

mbutus     (Merganwr), 

(Anu).  193. 

Marican  Pwh.rd,  149. 

466.        '       "^      ' 

M™e«n  ShoYfller,  307. 

■i.inu.uB(McrgBlla0.4«i. 

mcacoTilicuB     (Anaer), 

Tneticaiw  (Adu),  307. 

.i.inuti«(Mfrgii»),  4(«i. 

1(J7. 

iiiinutua(PlBtjpu8).31ir>. 

mooooft       (Eriamalura). 

140. 

448. 

muUori  (Ana.).  207. 

nioiioana  (Qucrqufdula), 

mul.icolor     (Quarquo- 

300. 

diila),  118.  211). 

moiiciuia  (Ebjnchsepu), 

n>od»U  (Dalila),  2T5. 

uiultiTOlor  (Stmna).  147. 

310.  317. 

modtsLua      (Crj  plums), 

Qimiroii(BerniGla).  117. 

moiiniDiu     (Orjplurui). 

622. 

inurBlij  (Adbb).  2B1. 

516,  Ei7.  bib. 

modest  u»      (TiuamuB), 

muscaria  (Aniui),  307. 

miploniB  (An»),  389. 

523. 

MuMOvj  Duck,  52. 

Micrccygna,  84. 

Diuiiea  (OlangiilB).  391. 
n.n»ica(Hardd.),3ai. 

Wicroptorm,  373. 

6oB. 

BiioropuB  tUernLcU).  121. 
micrupiu      (0»llicben), 

moll  in  (Apltm),  309. 

"Ss-iS-"-''^'^' 

iaii. 

426.  428,  430,  432. 

moUiMiii.R     (FuUgul.). 

niuiicu«<01or),28.            ^H 

>^- 

434,425,427,42a 

inu«™  minor  (Oygnm),  ^H 

Milouin   des  Maluuincs, 

4fi9. 

muia(An.'isi.  :;,'ij. 

:>1B. 

MnleS'ivan,  ;i.C 

Hiloiiiu  m  duuil,  .132. 

inntoria),4:ia. 

Jnutus  (Cj-gnus),  3.) 

Millouin,  33.'>. 

moUisfima   dreescri   (So- 

MIHouin      .hi     Mciiqiie, 

nn,t..ria),  41'.V 

niewa  (Anna).  192. 

14',), 

mollii,:ii.>U9  (An«T),42H. 

i.a:vi*.L  (A,.«»),  ;(24 

Millouinan,  ;;.V.. 

iii.>lli.BimUB      (Plalvpu.l, 

n,uv,.i«i(Sti<.tonclta 

,324. 

n<iM.i..u     (Ura.ilEi),    111, 

427. 

na^v.*,!  (THdoriia). 

■li. 

mol)lxlo]il.on™    {Stru- 

mm..  (Criplnra)..M 

.-.. 

minor  (BcmicLi).  117. 

tliio),  i>72.  ir,i. 

nm,a_  (.No.lm™). 

m. 

minor  {C,.Barl<,i),12r.. 

inonarl,;.(.Ai.,u.M'.ll. 

minor  (Crj-ptnni-),Sli4. 

moniiclins  (Ana-),  120. 

n^iun  (P,-iTunciiln), 

minor  (Cjj,'n«^l.:i(t. 

...ontfluft     (Amif),       IW. 

liana  {KI.e,.),  576. 

minor  (Kiiligi.U).:lill. 

401. 

K.mdou.  .^^. 

minor  (Hol..r),  31. 

montana    (Aiiwr).     VS.). 

Kiimln,  5811. 

mim,r  (MrrKanwr),  4i;.\ 

41)1. 

min.lii(Rlien),  .5?0 

minor    (Xotl.iin.),  Ml. 

m..r.tnnu8(Aii('CT),  4;il. 

VA. 

:««. 

iixinlanus    (Ulii'iiuloiK'i), 

uaiiiiB  (Tinnmns),  ■ 

miM-.r(N.,.lM,m.)..^.(ir.. 

m. 

iii.tioni<FUiKiil«). 

<:<s. 

minor  (Oi.lf,oia|,  405. 

Mnomk,  rai. 

nnliuni    (Kyroca), 

335 

minor  (Olor).;flt. 

Mu]>,>elB>,n«,  124. 

35:1. 

minor    (I'liu-Liimnniasl. 

mort^iif-W.),  199. 

Noeoi'lien,  81.121). 

IS. 

Murillon,  .M-^i. 

NrwiiirKa,  143,  2^! 

ALPHAHETICAL  IXDB«. 

620   '^H 

H           NelUptu,  M. 

nigw)c«p.(FulignW.32S. 

Dom  MluidiK  (Mtfila).        ^H 

H            Neturioti,  :KA. 

3138.                                  ^M 

■,         Neltion.  143,  2SS. 

.t5S,  S60. 

^M         NeUopu*,  46,  K4. 

NiloHo  Duck.  491. 

2%.                                ^^M 

i.ilotioa(.4n«a).49I. 

nfra«(AnM].346.                 ^H 

^H             58T- 

nilotica  (Ciirina),  4fll. 

I4f  rooL.  32fi,  SSi.                    ^H 

^H          Keir  HolUnd  CuMtwary. 

niWu  (Anas),  6«. 

njroca  (Aethyin).  347.           ^^M 

^1             58ii. 

niTalig(0han).82.86. 

nytvea  (Anas).  345.                  ^^^1 

^B         N«w  Holknd  Cereop.», 

niTM  (Tadom,*).  87. 

nyroca    (Anhja).    34G,      ^^H 

^B 

nivoi»(AnMr).84. 

360.                                    ^^M 

^H         Ne<  Holland  Dufk.  319. 

-tKS.ffi'""™'' 

Djroca    (FuliRaU),    74,      ^^B 

^H         New   EollaiKl    0>lriab, 

338.344.346.348,362.      ^^B 

^m 

357. 366.                            ^^B 

^M         New  Holland  Shieldrako, 

eiu),  540. 

Djroea  (Fulii).  344.  347.      ^^H 

^M             185. 

^V         Nev  Huliuid   8hore1«r, 

Djroca  (Morita).  348.            ^^B 

^B              314. 

Noi-tun.  550. 

nyroca  (Sjroat),  346.           ^^^H 

Me.  Z«aandDu(.k.368. 

Nomony,!,  4;W,  438. 
n(.rw<«U      (So.iial«ria), 

MhwidiHguKu,      fi7B, 

ob«n  (An»),  378,                 ^^B 

581. 

427. 

ubeoura  (Aoai).  187.  Ifft,      ^^1 
200.202.203.3M,2J3,      ^^H 

niiirobu(PMu»),625. 

noiftu  (Anaa),  267. 304, 

^H          oiger   (Mergnuwr),   479, 

4oe. 

264, 3;f8.                              ^^" 

K             481. 

NotLera.  G58. 

obHum(Bo«hw),  901. 

^M          nig«r(Mei^*).48l. 

oli.(!iirafulTigula(AQa6). 

H           nip,r(Pl.trp,>.),40l. 

202. 

■           "tir"""""-''''' 

NnthoTH,  40U.  5r>8. 

obMura.    ™r.    fulriguta 

Motburu^  547,  5r-S, 

(Ai.».).  202.                        ,^H 

^B         niifrtt  {An«),   102.  401. 

ao'/m    hi.p«nii»    (Ad«), 

obacunu(Anur}.110.           ^^H 

^1 

301. 

^P         nigW    (FuliguU),    404 

uoT«j  hispanlB  (PUrcwj. 
aura).  301. 

^H 

^               404. 

olHoleU  (Krroca).  347.          ^H 

niinu  (Meltuiittn).  401. 

"r,;;s:-3i?""'"" 

abmletus    (Crjpturiu)           ^^H 

nig™(CEdeo.m).400,401, 

^H 

w. 

ob»<letu>  (Tinamu.),  519.      ^H 

iilgrn     (Oideniis),    401, 

41- 

^H 

402. 

noT«bollanduB(Biiiiira). 

nigr.  (Pondope).  SS-'i. 

452. 

nigra  (Som«t«r«).  402. 

D«>n   boUiindiK    (Cwu- 

Oc*  larTatica,  W.                  ^^H 

nigra    amtiriciuiB    (Fuli- 

ariua),  586. 

gula).405. 

oooidonUaU    (Aplerri).        ^H 

nigra  major  (Anw).  406. 

«,),  79. 

601,  608.  610.                     ^H 

nigr«.     Tar.     americiuia 

Bono    bolUndiic     (Dro- 

occldnnt&li*     (Bcmicla),       ^^H 

{(Edpmm),  405. 

m«u«),  680,  S89. 

^H 

iiigrimn.(Anwr).  123. 

OMidentalis    (Bran  la),          ^^H 

nisrioan*  (Bemiola),  123. 

raaim).  587. 

^^H 

nierioana  (Bruila),  US. 

orcidenlali*  (Crjpturua),        ^^B 

123, 

Miua).6H(!. 

61R.  546.                             ^H 

mgriau«(Brenthu.),134. 

Mcidua  (Anai).  419.              ^^M 

nigricapilluji    (Nothocer- 

ll.iol.  686. 

^m               ci>.},M9.GU. 

uoTmhollanduelTaohca), 

591. 5!)e.                            ^H 

^m         niKrieopilliu    (Tinamo.). 
^M             51l.GI2.5ia 

687. 

ocelkU  (OrtTgia).  66S.         ^H 

^1         ni^^i.  (A^).  31). 

398. 

^H 

ocvllaU  (Tumii).  668.             ^H 

^B         i>igriooUia(AiiNr).80, 

868. 

H          nigri«>lliB  (Ch««na).  fi. 

^H 

^B         nigri<wlli-  (Orgnu.),  311. 

368, 

ckIohfIdiIiu      (Hergiu),         ^^H 

DOTiv    i»landiiB    (Fuli- 

485.                                     ^H 

^m          nigrina     (UebuiUa), 

giiU),  365,  3U8. 
novnvndandiiB     (Drouii- 

od^KKlalua     (Uorgm),           ^^B 

^1         nigrip^  (OideiLiB),  402. 

cciu.),  006. 

ovtoMtwuii(UorguB).48fl.       ^^M 

f130 

(Edemio,  327, 309. 

OidemU,  300. 

Oic^eO. 

Oie  armte,  167. 

Oie  &  cnnU,  112. 

Uie  &  duTet,  421?. 

Oie  a  l«te  cendree,  130. 

Oie  bronnSe,  55. 


Oie  de  U  coU  de  Ooro- 

mandel,  65. 
Die  de  pldn.  373. 
Oie  dm  Baqiiiuiniii,  82. 
Oie  de*  lie*  Ualuuiiie«, 

132. 
Oie    dcs   TpFrM    Mugel- 

laniquee,  132. 
Oie  JomcHtique,  28. 
Oie  Murage,  UO. 
Oie  uurage  i,  tiHe  griso 

de  Ooroniondel,  18^, 
Oie  uuTses  du  Csuadi, 

112. 
OiwAu  Rriw,  373. 
Olor.  25. 
olor  (Anaa),  35. 
olor  (OTenuii),  25, 28, 20, 

35,  S. 
dor   imroutabilii   (Cjg- 

niu),  37. 
0[MatholDphui,  4. 
Oranochen.  128. 
orienUlii  (Anna),  lOB. 
orieu  talis      (CHsuuriiu), 

583,  500,  590. 
orientaU*  (Mergui),  473, 


II.PHABKTICIL  INDEX. 

Otr  du  Cnp  de  BoDne 

"Eeperani*,  107. 
Ojc  ripiiBe.  92. 
Ove  utUYige  du  Cap  de 
Bonne  &pOn 


2(10. 
PuKOuetta,  388. 
IVinlfd  Ooone.  134. 
Palamcdua,  2, 3. 
Falaiuedne,  1.  2. 
Pnlnmedeidffi.  2. 
guilleocenB   (Crjpturua), 

527- 
pallida  (Bemirla),  121. 
pallidipes  (Anser),  04. 
pallipc*  (A»aer),  94. 
paliidiHUB  (Anwr),  100. 
pxhistrL)     (Anser),      90, 

101. 
panticinicui      (Mergui), 

465. 
panucii^ua  (Uorgua),  4f>5, 


paradoiua  (Aniwr),  100. 
PariinB  at  Ihe  Chiliaiu, 

parripe.  {An«er),  113. 
pnrTiro.tm  (Aone).  237. 
porriroitris  (Crjplurus). 


PatueBpaliib,  SIC 
Palo  grande,  52. 
Palo  ipeculirj,  287. 
Pnto  nfgriaco  ata  UanoB, 

332. 
Palo    pico    amarillo     j 

negro.  261. 
Fatu    picn    aploniado    t 

roio.  282. 
Puto  pico  de  tres  oolorM, 

291. 
Pa  to  pico  pequeno,  236. 
Palo  real.  52. 
Pato  roio  ;  negro.  149. 
pnturi  (Anaa),  267. 
piiTODinus    (raoiiiscue). 


434. 

Ejlewenais  (Anas),  207, 
eliotiFtta,399. 
pelwlni  (CTgnua),  37. 
Penelope,  335. 
penelope    (Anns),     228, 

231.  241,  348,  335. 
penclope  (Mareca),  227, 

228,233. 
Penclopa,  227. 
penelopa  (Anae),  227. 
penelops  (Penelop*),  228. 
Penguin  Duck,  102. 
pannat*  (Rliea).  682. 
pent  land  ii     (Eudroraia), 


^^^ 

^^ 

631 

r>53. 

perdimriu.     (Tin.nia«). 

pl.g_^Pl«.M.p..., 

Phoiiiooplwi.  1,8. 

553. 

PlKctiieoplw-idw.  «. 

4»8. 625,  303. 

I'ontu  mnrtinela,  Tm. 

plutonia  (Aiuu).  41. 

purdii  iBIirnuhoti^).  .ViS, 

20. 

!m. 

Phietiiuurudiiu.  9. 

pn«.  (Tttdora.),  330. 
Faobnrd.  335. 

•^553. 

PliyW-oiielt*,  31M. 

IM-rdU(Telrao),r>53, 

piou  (Adm).   134,    184, 

P<«ilonit(».2Sl. 

Mrdit  (Tinuinus).  .VA 
Fenlii  chicbo,  SIU. 

240, 

p.«il<.rli)-noh.      (An..), 

piotBiBeraielnl,  134. 

188.200,211. 

percerin*    (Anas),    Sib, 

piclioolIU    (Ca»iuriu>), 

piBuiiorhf  uoba  (Mnrea), 

■All. 

200. 

per^riua      (ClBngul-), 

501.  IWO. 

piehu.  lAn«*).  109,  13t 
PiedD..oi,41B. 

2m. 

porcgrinuK  (An»pr).  124. 

PiellC  4tti. 

a». 

penim      (Ai.«).     177. 

pileoto  (AnB»).  2115. 

polinoepbik    (Beniick), 

IDS. 

ptU>t«     (l-WrMywea), 

137. 

aiw. 

H7. 

138. 

286. 

pileolu.     (Oryphiru.). 

pi«g»),  la*.  in«,  137. 

poliocepbalu.      (Aluw), 

413.  414. 

.',13,  522. 

pilMtui  (Tetnio).  522. 

138. 

^                   rhainphito).  41.1. 

pileotm  (Tin«miiB).  522. 

puliowpbaltufBrcnthii*). 

pileaiiu     meKr^tlinis 

138. 

■               413. 

piiS7ffi™"'''°'' 

■            ptr.pJoaiBnk    {(Edmnis). 

tliroph,.>),IW. 

■                4(K),  412. 

Pmklrnoteil  Goose.  103. 

Puliih  8>Ti.i>,  37. 

FiDk-lie»ded  Dock,  01. 

pullicarisfAnM),  170. 

413, 

Pia-tJiil,  230.  270,   271, 

pullirarii  (Anwr),  170. 

274. 

pulliuarid    (ObciuUupei), 

413.414. 

pUnifron*     (Sonuleria), 

170. 

per*picai.lu.  (Pbtjp...). 

428. 

Pnlyiticta,  4ie. 

413. 

plntAtM  (Anu).  3III. 

p«u*iwiiu      (Himinui-). 
SOB. 

p«».c.(Aa»).332, 

plaUUa   CBp»tti!»).   »«, 

n^'-     (C„p«..). 

pE«xucu(Fiitigula).».t2. 
Petit  Cannnl  i>  growa  me. 

3lfi. 
Plntypiw.  354,  423. 

310. 
i'ro«ert..  570. 

:m. 

Propori,  570. 

PelLt    Grille    biJuctylo, 

psata),  ?ia 

Pri«er,471. 

m. 

platTrhvnchoi     (MeU- 

■>ro<iiiwi  (Aiil.  7*. 

Petit  TiMinou   de  Oiy- 

miu.407. 

PMudwypiius,  4a 

enne.  52:1 

plBlyrhjnohoe     (Oole- 

P«-udolor,42. 

Pelit«  H«reiue.  404. 

luu),  408. 
pUtjrhjfUcho*   {Hhyneh- 

Pten»ne!mi>.57a 

Petite  ^urottle.  244. 

*\^i.),  310. 

I.tt.'Oti.  147. 

P«u..  4'J6. 

ooptrrui).  15. 

pUtjuro.  (Anwr).  100. 

pUtyuru»(Bemiuta).121. 

Plo™«.  111. 

Philiicte.81,  l(l». 

plWyuro»(Ehymriiii«pi.). 

pulol,elI«  (AMomlU),  (i7. 

310. 

plmniceu*    (Pbonico- 

-tX'-  '^-"•'' 

67, 148. 

ptoru«),  0. 

ri,iH.i«n.u-.K  8.  113. 

Plcctroplmiiea.  4tl. 

114.117. 

PhirniB)pnrr«.21. 

p.ilcliricolli8(Aiuu).  123. 

PleclropWrua,40,  4«. 

puiui  (Adi-lunetla).  2V3. 

i 

puna  (FunanettA),  293. 
punn  iQuirquodulii),  290, 

203. 
Punanrtta,  290. 
pimctnla      (Anu),     1C4, 

252,254,255,257.265. 

28j. 
piinclatA  (If&reiu).  2ri2, 

257. 
punotata  (Querqucclula), 

2fli2B5. 
pundatuui        (Kettion), 

240, 2f». 
puDctulata    (Notbaproc- 

ta),  553. 
punetulntn      (Motbunv), 

553. 5H. 
puiictii1atu«     (Rh;nchu- 

tiu),  553.  5r)5. 
piirpureo-Tindia  (Ai 


ALPHA BETICAL  I^IDEX. 


ra^jah    (TadornaX    1<1. 


iDeeuB    (Plicenioopteriu), 

a,  n,  12. 
iMeuB.  TOT.  parra  (FIhb- 

Dicopt«ruB),  15. 


M(A>» 


rnffleaii      (PUrucjanea), 


Rhnpliiptorus  457. 

Ratitjp.  rilO. 

ruucedula     (McrgnnKr), 


piuillu*  (Uergiu),  474. 
pyginBim  (Anseri.  98. 
p;ron<t«r(DaGla),  21(1. 
pyrrhocephala        (Anns), 

285. 
pyrrboguitrr  (Anaa),  2IC. 
pyrrhogaatra        (Amu), 

21«). 
pyrrboga«tra       (Daflla), 

lilQ. 
pjirtiorfajooba     (Anu), 


B«<1  -  billpd      Whirling 

Duc'li,  159. 
B«d-breiiatcd  Qooniider, 

479. 
Rod-breasted  Oaoae,  125. 
Bed. breasted  MeTKHiiKr, 

4711,481. 
R«d-brMaled     ShoTeler, 

307. 
Rcd-cnsted  Duck,  328. 
Red  Duck.  345. 
Red  Flamingo,  10. 12. 
ragulia  (Caaiiarius),  594. 
fPHin  (Annex  52. 
regia  (Cnirma),  53,  59. 
rfgia  (Sareidiomu),   57, 

69. 
regia  (Sorkidiornis),  55, 

W.50. 
rcgius  (Sarkidioriii.),  55, 


ii(CbeD),82,88. 
rouii  (EianUieinciiM).  f>f<. 
Rounil-created  Duck.  4U#. 
i-ubeiui(An,-w), 24.1,  307. 
ruber      (Phanicoplcrua), 

9.12,14.  tr. 
ruber      ( PlwjBnirorodms), 

11. 
ruber  (Sarridiornia),  HI, 
nibida  (Anaa],  44.''i. 
rubiOa  (liiiium),  44fl. 
riilnda        (Cermnn^it), 

445. 
nibida        (Erismatura), 

riibida  (Fuligulit).  44.i. 
nibidii  (Gyiuuura).  44r>. 
ruhiaa  (Oivitra).  445. 
nibida       (Bliyiicbui^iii), 

rubida  (Tadoma),  1H2. 
rubidi(«p»  (Aawr),  l.Trt. 
riibidiL-eua       (Ueniicla), 

I3li. 
rubidicepa      (BreuUiua), 

13U. 
rubidiwps  (Cblocpliaga), 

12i?,  13G. 
rubidicepa        (Cliloetro- 

pbue).  I.t0. 
rubidoptera  (Anns).  2r>9. 


itriIAflRTlC*L  ISfDBS. 


I 


rafegoeiu       (Cnuturua), 

6t8. 
rufuceTu        (Nothums), 

MS. 
rufesaeoa    (Bliynchotes), 

ru  rowens    (RliTnchotiB), 

■M9. 
nifmeena    (Bhjnehotus), 

547.543. 
ruriwceaa  (TJDaraiu),  MS. 
BuSbrentB,  111. 
ruOoepe  (Anu),  32S. 
rufl(»ps{Ajtlija),337. 
niSa-pt  (Cblliohen),  329. 
ruflmpn  (Tiutniu}.  409, 

500,(107. 
ruSiwUii     (Auu),     123, 

33.7. 
niSnillis  (Anser),  124. 
ru<ioalli>(BemicU),  1^^. 
ruSuuUi*   (Bnmta),   11-2, 

124. 
mflooUii         (Breotlius), 


ulliui    {Timmiu),    M2, 

544. 
■nlradorii      (Oosuftnus), 

590,595. 
Salradnriiu,  454. 
ulrini  (Orjpt>irin),  517, 


undiiMiuit     (BernicU), 

126. 
auid*ii»iuiB  (Bmathui), 

127. 
sandriceneia    (Ohluiipba- 

g»).  127. 
■undTioeiuu     (Trctudica' 

te.),  127. 
sinil'iDhenHu       (Anaer), 

12(1. 


ruSuoUii    (Leucopama),      a&ndticlieiiBUniawichen), 
la^i.  136. 

uadwiosnsi*         (Leuoo- 

poreiB).  127. 
undwiobnuii       (Anu), 


I 


rufliTiHUi  (Fiiirguln),  330. 
ruli^st«r(Aaaa).3U7. 
rufinn  (Amu).  328. 
rufitiB(Artliya).330. 
ruflart     (Branta),      328, 

330. 
niflna  (Cnlliehon),  330. 
nifina    (PulieulR),    SliU, 

330,333. 
riiHtu  (MorgoidM),  329. 
ruBna  (Iletu),  32S. 
ruflniun         (Cit1li<.4ien). 

.■(30. 
ruflnuB  (Cnlliehen),  329. 
nifinua  (PIotTpua),  321). 
ruQtorquDi  (Anu),  370. 
ruRtorquM      (Futiguli), 


pufuB  (Tiniii>..u).  .519. 
rappelli  (A"").  4S. 

Dili  (PlertroplaniB), 


Siraelle  i  qutMis  jpiai 
d.  Caj-Bne.  43S. 

Snrcelle  bUuche  et  an 


"SBJ. 


ruBtio*  (Anu),  386. 
rullianien  (Anu).  442. 
ruliU  (AniM).  177.  345. 
ruliU  (Owrinn),  180. 
rutiU     CC»mn»),      17'. 

178.11*2. 
riitilii((Ie(lAlup«i),  19a 

VOL.  XSVII. 


Sunielle  mult  de  Aloda- 

guo&r.  65. 
Siirwlle  rouge.  24  S. 
Snreelle  niiisso  i  longua 

queue,  438. 
Sareella       SoucrouroUc. 

29». 
SariMlle  Saucroarau,  2011. 
Sareidioniij,  4B.  64. 
SBrkidiomu.  54. 
»iiurui(Anu).488. 
mwka  (Anu),  389. 
BCundiiUB  (Auu).  Sin, 
KnniiUriB       ^CluHgula). 

ass. 

•cjipularii  (PterocTiLitca), 

29«. 
seapiilariB  (Querquoduli), 

iw  ciuT  (Adu).  488. 
Scaup,  355. 
Scaup  Duck.  355. 
•chaohnDuia   (Tadorna), 

172, 
sciwiQiu  (PlecLropUirui), 

47,51. 
ulateni  (Caiuariui),  590. 
solateri     (Plenropteriu), 


Baadwidieniit  ^.BemJoIa),      acolop 


SBrocUe  d'Egrp^A  345. 
Sarcelle  d'ili,  204. 
Saroellede  Ja*>.2l8. 
Binwlte  de  la  Caruline, 

sm.3m. 

Sanietle  de  la  Chine.  77. 
SnrceUo    dp   In   Ouade- 

loupe,  438. 
Saraello  de  l»  Louiiiana, 

38A. 
San»lle  de  I'te'e  Ferrcw, 

389. 
Snreelte  de  Madanuotr. 

65.  258. 
SerecUe  Af  Malaii,  175. 
tfarrellc  du  Heiique,  3l)l . 


Scoter,  401. 
s.  ciiberti  (Anae),  425. 
acuteUilA  (Coaarka),  B(l. 
scutulata  (Anna),  00. 
Mtutulala       (Amroornia). 

BO, 
•cutulaCa  (CoMrn),  00. 
■cutulata  (1Uorua),6U 
scutulata  (yalpanMc),ttO. 
Mgetum  (Alias).  90. 
K^uui  (Anaer),  06,  90, 

101,  lOa.  104. 
■agetam  bracbjrhynoliu* 

(Aiuer).  104. 
negetum      middendorfB 

(Anwr),  10:f. 
eogetum       serriroatri* 

f  Anser},  102. 
w^um,  Tar.  eerriroitria 

(Au»er).  102. 
leinipnimata  (Anas),  44. 
•pm  i  polnuLta/ A  owraa  ub)  , 

44. 

luipKlmola    (Berniula). 


■emipalmatui     (Aiuer- 

Bnui),4&. 
mnjpalmahu   (Ohoritto- 

poi),44. 
npUnMoEiKlii    (Aiuar), 

426. 
■aptantrioDitlia  Bjlreatria 

(Anu),  9-2. 
■MMtk  (HemnMr),  482. 
wirmtor      (MerBBiuer), 

471.479.481. 
wmtor   (U«rK>u),    473, 

479. 
■arrmtor  a,  pnlladi  (Uer- 

g™).493. 
MrratiM  (On"'""")- ''01, 


ALPUABKTICAI.  IUDKX. 

»oui  {Ocyiitum),  S22. 
soui  (TinuDua).  0*22. 
Soutbein  Ostrich,  5TA. 
nori  (Crvpturiu),  522. 
■oTi  (Trtrao).  522. 
BOTi  (TtoamuB),  522. 
gp.  (Anas),  437. 
>p-  (Noctura),  550. 
up.  (CBdemiB).  4'M. 
■p.  (Querquedula),  493. 
SpuDsshDuck,  145,442. 
iparrniBnni  (Ansa).  271 
jparsa  (Anna),  ■""    "" 


St.  Domingo  Tml,  438. 
Stenmer-Duck,  374. 
Blejnsgeri      (Oidemift), 


213, 


Shieldrake,  IT  I. 
ShoTelor,  .10(1. 
Mbiluu  (Cygnua),  37. 
•ibiUtrii  (Ansa),  23n. 
dbilatrii  (Uanwa),  23T, 

23ft. 
•iUklrii    (SBrkidiomi«), 

237. 
•ibilo*  (O^gnua),  35. 
fijOeur  i.  beo  noir,  162. 
Sifflenr  k  bee  rouge    et 

lurinaa  juitnes,  159. 
Silleur  hup]>6,  328. 
•imploi       (Orj'pturui], 

C16, 581. 

fr).  W. 


•2m. 

spnth  ulatii/IlhTn  chupis), 

310. 
SpatuU,  144,  300. 
Spatulm,  306. 
■pacUbiUi  (Anaa),  43-3. 
ipectabilii    (Erionetu), 

434. 
Bpmtabilia      (Fuligula), 

425,431. 
■pedabiliB    (Plalfpui), 

434. 
■peotubiliB    (Somoterin). 

424,  432. 
BpectUBrioidea      (Aaan), 


Btelleri  <Aiuisl.  419. 
Btelleri  (Clmi^ulu).  419. 
Bt<tlli>ri      (EiiiconetU). 


Bpinicauda  (DaSlaX  237, 

270, 270. 
■pinicitudiL  (Erismatuni), 


418. 

Bt«lWi  (Uocrupug),  4t0. 
■tellen(Polyittiela),4I!l. 
BtfUeri  (Souiateritt).  42(1. 
Stelleris.  418. 
Stlienelides.  25. 
Stbeneliu.  2.'i. 
Siiotonotu,  144,  324. 
8tr»u«g,  673. 
Sirepeni.  221. 
Blre»m(AnH«),192,103. 

231,221!,  ,338. 
atrapera  (Bi)9clia<"),  222. 
Btrepdra  (ChaulelnBOiUB), 

224, 226. 
■Irepera    (Ohsiduxlua], 

atreptra    (Querquedula), 

atrepera        ame 
(Anu),  224. 


I 


StruLhloiira,  570. 
Sl.rutliionidn.',  Q71. 
StrulWuniforinM,  570. 
(ubata  (Adu),  140. 
flubboKbu  (Ana*),  192. 
■ubonoca  ((Jiierqusdula), 

34a. 
■uburiiliiitiu     (Tioainua), 

497,603,504. 
■uburbtacui  (Irnchjpel- 

mu>),  501. 
lubruiliim    (Oalliobenl, 


329, 

aw. 


u.o,v  (Anoii),  1 


'uUtn(Atuu),  371, 

Buicvi  (Aqm),  162. 
Siuumer  Duok.  73. 
Suminer  Tnl,  291. 
■uwrU  (Aa»).  4iii. 
BupenriliBTU  (Anu),  2'>7. 
luperoiliim   (Amti),   T4, 
188,193,  lUti.  197,20(1. 
207. 
ntperuilion,  a,  eaodwicb- 

•nii.  (Sn,^),  137. 
BupenNlion,  var.  pelew- 

enai*  (Aq»),  SU7. 
Superoilioua  Duck,  200. 
Swan,  30. 

■jrivalioB  (Anna).  250. 
»jl»e«lria  (Ana*).  51. 
ayWcatria  (AnKr),  00. 
■fUantru  (Cairina),  63. 
aylnstrii  (HjonMla),  53. 
aylveatria    freti     budHmi 

(Anwr),  82. 
ajiUicula  (Oryplura),  528, 

i«),028. 


ILPnABETICAC.  ISDRX. 

tadoniuiilea  (Vulpaiiaer), 

18*1. 
TienidieaUo.  12S. 
TituidiflattiM,  128. 
Tame  Swan.  35. 
Uo  (Orypturui),  49^.  501. 
Uo{Tinaiiiu.).  497,  601. 
too  iTruobypelmiia),  49H, 

601. 
TnouiKUd,  490,  5G4. 
TataApA.  525. 
Istaupa  (Crjptura).  525. 
tatAUpa  {Orrpturua),  515, 

tataupa  (NoLhun),  525. 
taUups  (TinaniiuJ,  526. 
Toal.  243. 445. 
Tvol    with    red    aa   the 

wing,  492. 
Icmmiaokii  (Anwr),  97- 
leme  leeuiria  (Anna).  60. 
TliiLkariomia,  43(1. 
TUalusoruia.  436. 
tb  uleusis  (SomaterLa),427. 


536. 
sjlTicoU  (Tiiia 


e,49li. 
».4M, 


TacLea,  585. 
TaoUyBiM.  :t2a.  373. 
tacnnowak[i       (liollio- 

procta),  551. 
Tudorna,  142,  170.  171. 
Udonu     (Anaa),      171, 

173. 
tadoma      (Cbenalopai), 


(jKlurnioa     (Nottalupot). 

186. 
tadornoidoa  (Anna),  185. 
UdunuHdea    (Oattircm), 

177,  IBS. 
ludiirnoidra    (TadurJiii), 


Tim 


TiuamoUdinii!,  566. 
Tinuaotia,  496,  5(17. 
Tinamou  oendM,  517. 
Tinamou  da  Ca]renne,503. 
I'iaunou  Tarie.  635, 
Tinamuu      Tarid      de 

Cayenne,  535. 
Tinatuiu.  496.  558. 
tinua  CUergua).  461. 
torquala    (Anaa).    125, 

2ii8,395. 
torquBta  (Bemicta),  120, 

124. 
torquats  (Clangiila).  3'.)6. 
turqiiata  (QuorqueduU), 

210.269. 
turquatum  (Nettion),  210, 


tuben'uUrostris  (Ovgnua). 

37. 
(uber<]ii]oiiu(Aii«er),  108. 
Tufied  Unok,  34S.  *«. 
Tujua,  678. 
turneri  (Blziura).  460. 
turneri      lUcreuietUL), 

457.46(1. 
tumsri    (Kbiphiplcrus), 

460. 


UndiDB.  141. 

undulaln    (Amu),      183, 

212. 213. 
uudulaU  (Anaer).  105. 
unduUlua    (Orypturiu), 

Qia,527,52R,5;i«. 
iindulotiiB      (Tiuamui), 

527, 628. 630.  .Mil. 
uniappendioulotut    (Oaa- 

uarius).  591.597. 
unifaiciala  (Brianuttura), 

443. 
uuir>niiate(OiTnn).443. 
un-mi((>gna.),37. 
Ural  Diick.  442. 
iiniphoaianua  (Aiiaa),  282. 
uropliBaianue     (DiHIa), 


LorquutUB      (Brcnthua), 

turquulua  (Histriotiicua), 

torrida  (Ansa).  41)2. 
torrida  (Bnnca),  492. 
Toujon.  577. 
Toujou.  578. 
Trachelunetto,  270. 
TracbyprlDiB.  l«i. 
Trachypsluiua,  496. 
Irauataaciatua      (CrjplU'- 

rua),  517.  640. 
triearuneulatua   (Caana- 

riua).  5'JJ,  M)t,  5115. 


Tuiatia    (Dt-adrotivgna), 

153, 1.M. 
TalianeH  (Ajthja),  31.1. 
talianen  (Njroca),  343. 
Talianeria  (Anaa),  342. 
TBlianeria  (A)-Uiya),  342. 
TaluDem  (Pulix),  343, 
vnlisnehaiia  (Anaa),  343. 
Yalianeriana    (Fuligula), 

313, 


valliaDsrin     (FnliguU], 

192,342,362. 
Talliancria  (N;  root),  331, 


587.  ^^H 


■*  (Ahmt),  184. 
nriig>ta(B«niioU),  184. 
■«  (0«Mrc»),  177, 


"a*"' 


(BbynchoBpii), 


ALFHIBKTICAL  1KD1!X. 

Terriralor  (PterocnQea), 

291. 
Tenlcolor  (QusrqueduU), 

200,291. 
TiduBtB  fAsw),  145,  140, 

236,442. 
Tiduata  (DbBM.  145. 


Tulgnrig    (QueFqncduU), 

290. 
Tulgsris  (Tidoma).  173. 
Vulpamer,  170. 
Tulpniuer  (Tiulama).  53, 

172. 173, 183. 


iricgaiA  (Sp^ituU),  314. 
THriegBts  (THdomn).  1X4. 
Tuifigftta  (Tinamiii),  530. 
TMnegBts    (Vulpaawr), 

184. 
TBriegatcd  Ooom,  183. 
Twi^Bted     Tinamau, 


m  {Ai«T>.  183. 
irifMtDi     (Crypturus), 
ftl7|61fl..'a5.538. 
nri«gatu»  (Nothooeroue), 


T«Ti(«ituB  (Tumii).  503. 
nrias  (Anaer),  1(17. 
nriin  (QieniJiipBi).  168. 
Vel»8t  Duck,  40fl. 
VeWet  Scoter.  406. 
nlTBtinm  (FuliguU^  410. 
vrl*efiiik     (HeUnetta), 

409,411. 
nlTetina  (Oidemia),  400, 

411. 


TarmicalatuB  (CryptuniB), 


145, 157. 

Tiduata    (Dendrocygna), 

145,  140. 
viduata  p«nonnta  (D<>n- 

drocygnn),  147. 
Tigonii      (Plunanurus), 

2S2. 
vindilfi  (AnB»),  442. 
Tinaoni  (DoflU),  2-'>8. 
Tiola  (Fuligula),  53. 
Vimgo.  238. 
vinecetn  (Rhynchaspia), 

310. 


Tirgiciana      (Quefque- 

duU),  290. 
TimnianuB     cristatus 

(Mm-ganier).  4fia 
Tiridi-ffinea  (Ajuu),  53. 
Tiridi-rhombes    (Aiub), 

491. 
Tittata  ( BriMnatura),  441 , 

442,450. 
Tittioop*  (Ansa),  230. 
r-nigra      (Somnteria), 


cfona),      lrBigiueiuui(SalTador 


weddellii  (Tinamual,  49S. 
WeiaabaoVBncntp,  41)1. 


Weetem  Duck.  419. 
Whilk.401. 
Wliistling  Duck,  102. 
WhUUing  Swan,  2tl.  3-J. 
White  Swan,  42. 
WliLte-facod   Duck,  *m, 

493. 
White-fronted     Oooso. 

93. 
White-bend,  442. 
White-headed  Duck.  442. 
White-vingeil    Antarclic 

OooKe,  132. 
Wigeon,  2-27. 228.  230. 
wigpon  {Ansa),  234. 
Wild  Swan,  20. 
wilaoni  (Anas),  4a5. 
wyrilliana   (Anas),    187, 

19«,  107. 

lalcunni  (Anas),  492. 
lanthorhmcha    (ADaa), 

199, 212, 2fi4. 
xftti  (liorhviicliolQuerquc- 

dula),  213. 


LIST  OF  PLATES. 


])ciiJroc3-cna  guttata,  p.  104     I'l,  I. 

=  IhMli-oeyijna  guttuhUa  (Wall,). 

Nettion  albigulare,  p.  25" PI.  11,  fig,  1 . 

Nottion  gibberifroHS,  p.  254 I'l.  11.  fig.  2. 

Dafila  eatoni,  p.  278 Pi.  11[. 

Kyroca  ianotata,  p.  350    PI.  IV. 

Merganetta  fricnata,  p.  45S PI.  V.  fig.  1, 

ITerganetta  armata,  p.  458    PI.  V,  fig.  2. 

Tinamus  caBtancicci«,  p.  507 Pi.  VI. 

TinamuB  aolitarius,  p.  501 PI.  VII. 

(Typo  of  T.  gultvJaiut,  Graj.) 

Notbocercus  nigricapillus,  p.  511 PI.  VIII. 

Crypturus  cast-anous,  p.  521 PI.  IX. 

Crj-pturua  crythropus,  p.  554    PI.  X. 

Crj-pturus  bartlctti,  p.  538    PI.  XI. 

Crj-ptaru8  scolopax,  p.  528     PI.  XII. 


I 


I 


Jiirjs  i:.M.\;i.mTj. 


L 


^ 


.\./','.<.   u,.u>l.,l.. 


k  '" 


t      ; 

f 


3^ 

^ 


w 


ft; 

I 


M 

^ 


.'.i 


I 


Crypturus    eiyfftfopiM: 


1  ^^1 

w!^^^*                 f 

HV 

3     '^i^^^r " 

p. 

BinlrB.M.Vol.jaill. 


.;  imil  <i«L.  rr.  .:&.  .  Uinl^m  ?rJ»  Dnoiiv.  Ill 


Vnh  RM-Vi-US^Tl. 


PL  Mil. 


Cf'yfitunt.f     UtLitTOTlJ 


Bird.<  Ii..}f.VflM'm. 


Biifi,  B.M  VolJXrn. 


\  £i,-d,  BM.IU . XXVII. 


J»„ 


rM'! 


kbnUmBfiA  Chniim  btK 


.¥otiinra-  darwiniii. 


LIST  OF  THF.  CURRKNT 

NATURAL  HISTORY  PUBLICATIONS 

OF  THE  TRUSTEES  OF  THE 

BRITISH  MUSEUM. 


The  ftiUowiitg publications CHD  be purcliased  through  the  Agency  of 
Mettr*.  l.oiioii\ifs& Co.,  39, Patemoiter  Rote:  Mr.  Qlabitch, 
15,  Piccadilly ;  Me»>rs.  Kegan  Padl,  Tkencb,  Tbi'iiskm  A 
Co.,  Patemoiter  House,  Charing  Crott  Road;  and  Messrs. 
DuLAu  &  Co.,  37,  Soho  Square;  or  ftt  the  Natckal  Hii^xOKi 
Museum,  Cromwell  Road,  London,  S.II'. 


Catalogue  of  the  Specimens  »ini  Umwings  of  MNimuftb,  Bin!*, 
Keptiles,  Bad  Fishe«  of  Nepul  ud<I  Tibet.  Presentt-d  by  B.  H. 
Hodgson,  Esq.,  to  tht;  British  Museum.  2nd  edltiuu.  By 
John  Kdwanl  Gray.  Pp.  xii.,  90.  [With  an  accoiiat  of  the 
Collection  by  Mr.  Hodgson.]     1863,  12mo.  2*.  Sd. 

Report  on  the  Zuolt^ical  Collections  made  in  the  lodo-Pui^ific 
Oc^an  duiing  the  voyage  ofH.M.S.  "Alert,"  1SS1~2.  Pp. 
XXV.,  684.     54  Plates.     18t«4,  8v( 


Replilia,  Bati'achia,  Pieces 

Molluscs 

Echiuodei'mala 

CnMtncea 

Coleoptern 

Lepidoptera     ■ 

Alcyonarii)  und  8pou;;iidn 


By  Dr.  U.  W.  Coppiuger. 
„  O.  Thomua. 
„  R,  B.  Sharpe. 
„  A.  GiiDther. 
„  E.  A.  Smith. 
„  F.  J.  Bell. 
„  E.  J.  Micrs. 
„  C.  O.  Waterhousc. 
„  A.  G.  Butler. 
„  S.  O.  Hidley. 

1/.  lOt. 


MAMMALS. 

Liat  of  the  Spei'imens  of  Mammalia  in  the  Collection  of  the 
British  MiiMcum.  By  Dr.  J.  E.  Gruy,  F.liS.  Pp  Kx%-iii., 
216,  [With  Systematic  Lht  of  the  Geniim  of  Mammalia, 
Index  of  DoiiatioDs,  and  AlpbubFlicul  Iiidcx.]  184.'!,  12mo. 
2«.  6d. 

List  of   the   O»teologic«l  SpecimeDt    iii   the   Cvlloction   of  the 
iiritiah  Mu!«iim.      By  John  Eilwant  Gray.     Pp.  xx.r.,  147. 
[With  Sysl«maiie  Index  and  Appendix.]     1847,  i2mo.  2a. 
S4)iti.        Jiuo.— |3/S«     Wi.  HOIS.    K.  s 


LIST   OF  PXJBLICAnONK  OF  THK 


I  of  the 
.     1K62, 


(_'iiUlo);ue  of  tlio  llonfs  i.f  Maniinalio  in  the  Collectioi 
British  Mnfleum.     By  Edwunl  (li-rmni.     Pp.  iv.,  296 

Calalogue  of   Moukeys,  Lemurs,    iiml   Fruit-estiug   B11I3   in  thu 

CoUwjlioa  of  the  British  Muwiun.     By  Dr.  J.  E.  Gray,  F.tt.S., 

&c.     Pp.  viii.,  137.     21  Woodout§.     1870,  8vo.  4». 
Catalogue  of  Cn'nivorous,  Pacbylerraatoiis,  nt>cl  £deQl«te  Main- 

mftlia  in  the  British  Museum.     By  John  Edward  Gray,  F.B.S,, 

&c.     Pp.  ™.,  398.     47  Woodfuls.     ISB9,  Svo.  61.  6d. 
Hftnd-List   of  SealH,  Morse«,  Sea-Lions,  and  Sea-Bears  in   tho 

BritisU  Museum.     By  Dr.  J.   K.  Grav,  F.R.S.,  &c.     Pp.  43. 

;tO  PlatM  of  Skulls.     1874,  8v0.  12*.  Gd. 
Catalogue  of  Seals  «ji(l  Whales  in  the  British  Museum.     By  .Tohn 

Edward   Gray,  F.U.S..  Ac.     2nd  edilion.     Pp.  vii.,  402.     101 

Wuodcule.     1866,  th'o.  8*. 
Suppleawnt.  Bv  Jolin  Edward  Grav,  F.ll.S.,  Ac.    Pp.  vi., 

103,     1 1  Woodeuttt.  ■  lt*7i,  Hro.  It.  (!rf. ' 
List  of  the  Spoiimens  of  Cetawii  in  the  Zoological  Dejiartment  of 

the    BritiBh    Museum.     By  WlUiam  Henry   Flower.     LL.I)., 

F.R.S,  &o.       [With   Svstematic    imd   Alphftbotioal   Indexes.] 

Pp.  i»..  3(5.     1695,  8vo.  U.  %d. 
Catalogue   of  Buinitiant  MAmmalia  {Pecora,    Liuat^UFi)  in    tlw 

British  Museum.     By  John  Edward  Grav,   F.R.S,.  &c.     Pp. 

Fiii.,  102.     4  Plates.     1872,  8vo.  3^.  6cl. 
Hand-List,    of    tlie  Edentate,    Thick-skinnud,     and     Ruminaut 

Mainuials  in  the  British  Museum.    By  Dr.  J.  £.  Gray,  F.R.S., 

&C.     Pp.  vii.,  176.     42  Plates  of  Skulls,  &c.     1873,  8vo.  12^ 
C'nlnloguc  of  the  Mar«iipiritia  and  Monolrematn  in  the  Collection 

i.fllii   iJiiii.-^li  Mii;,ruiii.     Ev  Oldlii'lil    riiuiiiiis.     l*(i.  .\iii.,4ai. 

4  .■ok.urrd  iiu.l  24  plaiu  Pla'u's.     [With  Svst.-mivii.'  ami  Alplia- 

iH'lifiJ  indexes.]     18KB.tivo.  1/.  8*. 


BIRDS. 

al..;;ue  of  the  Birds  in  the  Brid^Ji  Museum  :— 
V'li.  III.  Catalogue  of  ihr  Pjwseri formes,  or  Perching 
Birds,  in  the  Collei-tion  of  the  Brilish  Museum,  Cotio- 
morpha;  containing  (hi"  faiiiiliea  Corvidff,  I'nradiseidsc, 
OriolidEe,  Dicruridn:,  and  Piionopidii-.  By  R.  Bowdler 
Sharpe.  Pp.  xiii..  343.  Wo.tilnils  and  14  coloured  Plalcs, 
[With  Systematic  and  Alidinhetical  Indexes.]      1877,  Svo. 

Vol.  IV.  Catalogue  of  tiir  I 'aascri formes,  or  Pfn-hing 
Birds,  in  the  Collmtion  of  the  Brilish  Museum.  Cicklo- 
morp/i/r  ;  Parti.,  containing  the  families  Campopfaagida^ 
and  Muscicapidn'.  Bv  It.  HowdK-r  Shnrpe.  Pp.  xvi., 
191.        WoodcLils     and     H     i-obured     Plates.        [With 


BRITISH   MUSEUM   (NATURAL   HISTORY).  3 

Catalogue  of  tho  HinLs  in  tlie  British  Museuiu — continued. 

Vol.  V.  Catalogue  ol"  the  Passer  if ormes,  or  Perching 
Birdsy  in  the  Collection  of  the  British  Museum.  Cichlo- 
morphtr :  Part  II.,  containinf^  the  familj  Turdidie  (Warb- 
blers  and  Thrushes).  By  Henry  Seebobm.  Pp.  xvi.,  426. 
Woodcuts  and  18  coloured  Plates.  [With  Systematic  and 
Alphabetical  Indexes.]  18S1,  8vo.  1/. 
Vol.  VI.  (,'atalo*;ue  of  the  Pjisseriforme?.,  or  Perching  Birds, 
in  the  Collection  of  the  British  Musurm.  Cichlotnorplur : 
Part  HI.,  containing  the  first  portion  of  the  family  Timeliidje 
(Babbling  Thrushes).  By  U.  Bowdler  Sharps.  Pp.  xiii., 
420.  \Voodcutsan<l  1 8  colonred  Plates.  [With  Systematic 
and  Alphabetical  In«lex«'s.  |      1881,  8vo.  I/. 

Vol.  VII.  Catalogue  of  tin*  Passeri formes,  or  Perching 
Birds  in  the  Collection  of  the  British  Museum.  Cichlo- 
morphtr  :  Pint  1  V'.,  containiiij^  the  concluding  portion  of 
the  family  Timcliidjc  (I>:ii)bliug  Thruslies).  By  W. 
Bowdler  Sharpc.  Pp.  xvi.,  ()98.  Woo<lcut3  and  lo 
coloured  Plates.  .With  Syslemiilic  and  A  Ii)habetical 
Indexes.  J      188:5,  .svo.  1/.  ()>. ' 

Vol.  VI II.  Catalogue  of  the  Pa>scrif(»rmos  <»r  Poreliinir 
Bird.s  in  the  (.'olleetion  of  the  British  Museum.  Cichlo- 
morphrr :  Pait  V.,  containing  the  families  Pariihe  ami 
Laniidie  (Titmice  and  Shrikes)  ;  and  Certhiomorpha 
(Creepers  and  Ntithatche^).  By  Hans  Gadow,  M.A.,  Ph.D. 
Pp.  xiii.,  ;i8(>.  Woodcuts  and  9  coloured  Plates.  [  With 
Systematic  and  AlphalH-tical  Indexes.!      18S3,  8v(>.  17>. 

Vol.  IX.  Catalogue  ol  the  rasseriformes,  or  Perching  Birds, 
in  the  Collection  of  tho  British  Museun;.  Cinnt/rimorpha , 
containing  the  lamili«'s  Nectariniidjc  and  Mtdipha<^i(hi* 
(Sun  l)irds  and  Honey-eaters).  By  Hans  Gadow,  M.A., 
Ph.l).  Pp.  xii.,  31(>.  Woodcut^  and  7  coloured  Plat«--. 
With  Systematic  and  .Mphabelical  Indexes.  I  H84, 
8v().  14.V.  ' 

Vol.  X.  Catalogue  of  the  Passeriformes,  (jr  Perching  Birds, 
in  the  Colh'ction  of  the  British  Museum.  FringillifortiKS  : 
Pat  t  I.,  containing  the  I'amilio  Dicitida',  Hirundinida', 
Ampelidas  Mniotiltiche,  and  Motacillida-.  Uy  R.  Bowdler 
Sharp'\  Pp.  xiii.,  6H2.  Woodcuts  and  \2  coloured  Plate^. 
[With  Systematic  an«i  Alphal.»etical  Indexes.]  1S8"), 
8vo.  1/.  2.S. 

Vol.  \I.  Catalo;iue  ol  the  Pa'-<«iii"orme.«-,  or  Perching  I'irds, 
in  the  Collection  of  th«'  British  .Museum,  rrinyilliformcs : 
Part  II.,  containing  the  families  ('u-rebidie,  Tanagrida?, 
and  leterida*.  I5y  Philip  Lutley  Schiler,  .M.A.,  F.R.S. 
Pp.  xvii.,  131.  L^^'^''  .'systematic  and  Alphabetical 
In<lexes.]  Woodcuts  and  18  coloured  Plates.  1S8G, 
Hvo.  1/. 

Vol.  XII.  Catalogue  of  the  Passeriforines,  or  Perching 
Birds,  in  the  Collection  of  the  British  Museum.  Fringillu 
fcTme$ :  Part  HI.,  containing  the  family  FriDgUlidie.    By 


LIST  01-   fUBUCATIONS  OV   'ITIK 


r 

^^V  L'nlalofiiiu  (if  llio  Uii'iJs  in  the  Uritish  Museum — eonllrtumtt. 

^H  It.  Buwiller  Sharpe.     P|>.  xv.,   H71.     WfM..lcuU    mi<]    16 

^H  (HiluurcMi    Plntoa.      [Wil.Li    S^MAiuuiii-    MiJ    A1[iliiibetJciil 

^M  ludexes,]     1888,  Svo.  U.  Si. 

^H  Vol.  XIII.     C&tiiIo(;ii<>  of  l.lic  ruxM'rironiuw,   ui-  I'urcliin^ 

^H  ItinJM,  in  thu  ('(illct^tioD  of  thu  Riiliitb  Muwiini.     Stmnu- 

^^K  forme*,     i»iiinining    tliu    iitiuilii^s    Attnm'ulir,    Stamiilar, 

^^H  Ploceidie,  nuil  Alauiliilo;.      AIhh   ihti   fuinllicn  Atrlchiidti- 

^^1  nnd   Meniiridui.    By  R.  Itowdltr  Sfaarpe.    F]).  xvi.,   701. 

^^B  Woodcutu   utxl    15  colonial    Platvs.      [Witli    Rj^etemittu' 

^H  Md  Alphnbedctd  Iiides«a.]     )8iK),  8«o..  1/.  f  (. 

^B  Vol.   XIV.     Catalogue  of  th>^   P&sseriformea,   or    Pdrcliiog 

^H  Birds,  tu  the  C'«ll«ctioa  uf  the  BiiUah  Museum.      Oligo- 

^^1  myodtr,  or  the  fuuilies  Tyrannidte,  Oxyrtiaiupliidie,  Pipridm, 

^^V  Cullugidea,  PhytotomidA,  Philepittidoi,   Pittidte.  X«Qicidv, 

^H  imd    Kurylsmidffi.      Uy    Philip    Lutley  Scluter,   M.A.. 

^1  F.R.8.     Pp.  xix.,  494.     Woodcats  and  2S  oolourod  PUtes. 

^H  [With    Systcmntit^    iiod    AlphnlHtJcal    Indexes,]      1888, 

L 


Catalogue  of  tht  PusBeriforraee,  or  l*erchiDg 
Birds,  in  the  Colleclion  of  the  British  Museum.  TracAeo- 
pbonre,  or  the  familieB  I'Jendrocolsplide,  Foi-micnriidRi, 
Cnnopoptiagidic,  and  Pteroptochida?.  By  Philip  Ltitiey 
JSclftter,  M.A.,  I'.E.S.  Pp.  svii.,  371.  Woodcula  aud  20 
cdoutMd  Plains.  [With  .Systemtitic  nud  Alphabetical 
iDdexw.]  1H9U,  8vu.  1/. 
J  Vol.  XVI.  CamlogWiof  lhePiowi»hitlw<  _ 
British  Musenm.  CpHpie  and  TrocMli,  byOsSSl 
(•onid'r,  of  111.'  CiLii.ilii's  Cvii-ulida-,  Ciipriniul-,'idi.-.  P.xiur- 
gkW;  mill  Sltali.rnilhi,iiv;  by  Krnst  Hailcn.  Pp.  xvi., 
703.  Wocdeuls  ;»nd  li  coloured  Pljitee,  [With  Systematic 
und  Alplmbelical  IjiJexee.]     1892,  8vo.  11.  16*. 

Vul,  XVII.  Ciilalogue  of  iho  Pici.iia!  in  the  Colleclion  of 
the  British  Mu^^t'iiin.  Coracite  (cutilin.)  and  ffalcj/ones, 
with  the  I'timilies  Leptusonintidif,  Coraeiidce,  Meropidte, 
AJci -din idee,  .Momotida;,  Tolida.',  nud  Coliidai,  by  R.  Bowdler 
Sliarpe.  Burerotcs  and  Troy  ones,  by  W.  B.  Ogilvie 
Granr.  I'|i.  xi.,  :<2->,  Woodcuts  and  17  coloured  I^tea. 
[With  SyM(;iiijiiic  -AwX  .\ Iphiibutit-al  Indexes.]  1&92, 
Mvo.      1/.  10.V. 

Vol.  XVIII,  CHlulogui;  of  the  Piciiriie  in  the  Collection  of 
the  Bi'itiah  MuHCum.  Scansores,  containing  the  family 
Picidse.  By  Edward  liargitt.  Pp.  xv.,  597.  Woodcuts 
an>l  l.>  corouied  Plates.  [With  Syst^'matic  and  Alpha- 
l«-tical  Indexes.]     IWO,  8v<i.  1/.  6*. 

Vol.  XIX.  Calalogui!  oi  the  l*icaria!  in  the  Collection  of 
the  British  Museum.  Scansores  and  Coccyge*  ■'  coDt&iu- 
log  the  i'uinljies  Khampha.stida;,  Galbulidse,  and  BuccontdK, 
liyP   L    Siliiii'i  ;  iiiid  till' fniiLilius  Indiualoi'idii-,  Capilonidie, 


BRITISH  MUSEUM   (NATURAL  HISTORY).  6 

Catalogue  of  the  Birds  in  ih*t  British  Museum — contimted. 

484  :  13  coloured  Plates.     [Willi   Systematic  and  Alpha- 
betical Indexes.]     1891,  8vo.  1/.  5.*. 

Vol.  XX.  Catalogue  of  the  Psittaci,  or  Parrots,  in  the 
Collection  of  the  British  Museimi.  By  T.  Salvadori. 
Pp.  xvii.,  658 :  woodcuts  and  18  coloured  Plates.  [With 
Systematic  and  Alphabetical  Indexes.]      1891,  8v().  1/.  \0s. 

Vol.  XXI.  Catalogue  of  the  Cohnnba',  or  Pigeons,  in  the 
Colle<^tion  of  the  British  Museum.  By  T.  Salvadori. 
Pp.  xvii.,  07G:  15  coloured  Platrs.  [With  Systematic  and 
Alphabetical  Indexes.]      ISO.S,  Svo.  1/.  U).9. 

Vol.  XXII.  Catalogue  of  the  (Jamc  Birds  {PterocletcSy 
GaUin(i\  ()pisf/tocomt\  Hemipodii)  in  the  (Jollecrtion  of 
the  British  ^Iuseum.  By  W.  K.  Ogilvie  Grant.  Pp.  xvi., 
585  :  8  coloured  Plates.  [With  Systematic  and  Alpha- 
beticid  Indexes.]      189,^,  8vo.  1/.  (is.' 

Vol.  XXII 1.  Catalogue  of  the  Fulicariiv  (Rnllidap  and 
Heliornithida;)  an<l  Ah'ctorides  (Aramidae,  Eurypygida*, 
Mesitid.'c,  Hhinochetidaj,  Gruid.c,  Psophiidsv,  and  Otidida^) 
in  the  Collection  of  tlu;  British  Museum.  By  K.  Bowdler 
Sharpc.  Pp.  xiii,  35,'^  :  9  coloured  Plates.  [With  Syste- 
matie  and  Alphabetical  Indexes.]      18!)4,  8vo.  '10s, 

Hand-List  of  Genera  and  Species  of  Birds,  distinguishing  those 
contained  in  tiie  British  Museum.  Bv  (t.  \{.  (Jniv,  F.B.S., 
Ac.  : — 

Part  II.  Conirostres,  Scansores,  Columba^  and  Gallina*. 
Pp.  xv.,27<S.  [Table  of  Genera  and  Subgenera:  Paii  II.] 
1870,  8vo.  6s. 

Part  111.  Struthiones,  Grallae,  and  Aus^tos,  with  Indices 
of  Oenerie  and  Specific  Names.  Pp.  xi.,  350.  |  Table  of 
Genera  and  Subgenera:  Part  III.]      1S71,  8vo.  Hv. 

List  of  the  S|)ecimen<  of  Birds  in  the  Gollection  of  the  Briti.^h 
Museum.     By  George  Rol>ert  Gray  : — 

Part  III.,  Section  I.  Rampliastidtc.  Pp.  16.  [With 
Index]      1805,  12mo.  6d. 

Part  IIL,  Section  II.  Psittacida\  Pp.  110.  [With  Index] 
1S59,  12mo.  2s. 

Part  III.,  Sections  III.  and  IV.  Capitoiiid:e  and  Picidnp. 
Pp.  137.     [With  Index.]      1S(;8,  12mo.  l.y.  6d. 

Part  IV.  C(»lumbir.  Pp.73.  [With  Index.]  1S56, 12mo. 
1*.  \)d. 

Paii  V.  Gallina^.  Pp.  iv.,  120.  [With  an  Alphabetical 
Index.]      1HG7,  12mo.  1^.  Gc/. 

Catalogue  of  the  Birds  of  the  Tropical  Islands  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean  in  the  Collection  of  the  Britiah  Museum.  Bj  George 
Robert  Gray,  F.L.S.,  Ac.  Pp.  72.  [With  an  Alphabetical 
Index.]     IH59,  8to.  U.  6d. 


Mi.T  or   frsUOATIOHh   nr  TUB  i 


RKPriLES. 

OBlalnj*!)!!  u(  tbr  TortainM,  Cr(in)dit«,  MtiJ  Ampbi^tMenixu  hi  tll«> 
t'olk<«-tiaii  <if  thti  BritUh  Uuirum.  Bjr  Dr.  J.  E.  Gmj, 
Pits.,  Ik.  P[^  Titi,.  W.  rWill*  M  Alpliftbeiical  In»l«i.] 
MM,  l2mo.lt.  • 


P«rl    I.      Ti-rtuditwla   tTort(ii*-»).       I'|..   7&.      50  PUl«8. 

IthSo,  -tui.  2/.  Kb. 
Supplrtnent,     Willi   Figures   nf  ibc  SknU»  of  Sti   (leuerk. 

Pp.  is.,  120.     4tl  Woodculs-     1870,'4to.  10». 
Appendix.     Pp.  28.     litTS,  4to.  2#,  &/. 
Part    II.  EmydiHoarLniiH,    RhrucliocephaUa,    iwod    Aniphia- 
buuiftoH.     !>.  vi.,  41.    25  Woodcui^.     If72,  4w,  3*.  6d, 
Hantl-LiAt  ol  tbe  Specrmms  of  Sliield  Kcplil«»  in  the  British 
MnMtnn.     By  Dr.  J.   E.  Gmy,  F.R.S.,  F.L.N.,  &c     Pp.  iv., 
124.     [With  »D  Alpbafceliwl  Index.]     1873,  8ro.  4*. 
Vmaiofpte  of  thi^  Ch^^lonitiD?,  Rhynchoct-phaliiuis  and  CronxliW 
in  the  llritwh  Museum  (Natural  Hialorr).     New  Edition.     By 
(leorgo  Albert  Boiilengcr.     I'p.   k.,  311.     7.t  Woodcnts  and  fl 
Plates.     [Willi  SyBtcnmtir  and  Alphnbetical  Indpjces.]     188S, 
8vo.  I&. 
Oifms^  h»ai  TartcAtKa  (living  nd  exiiact}  in  the  ColtectioD  of 
iho  Bntisli  Miisenm.     By  Allwrt  C,  T,.  R.  Giinther,  7*1. A,.  SI.D., 
I'li.ll,,  KR.S.     I'll,  iv.iiii      :>5  I'l^n...  .iiui  iwo  ('lijii-..f  il.e 
Alilnbra  group  of  l:4tiind!>,  jiortli-wcst  of  Madagasi^ar.     [With  a 
.Syst<;niatic  Synajisis  of  th(^  Extinct  and  Living;  Gigantic  Land 
TurloiBcs.]     1877,  4to.  1/.  lOir. 
Cutiilogue  of  the  Specimens  of  Lizards  in  the  Collectiim  of  tlu- 
Uritish  Must-um.     By  Dr.  J.  E.  Gray,  F.R.S.,  Ac.     Pp.  xxviii., 
2S9.     [WithGe.>grtiiiliic,Sysleniriti<',andAlpIiabcticalIndexca.] 
1845,  121110.  3.1.  (\(l. 
CnUilogue  of  tlio  U/.-.mh  in  thi-   Briii.sli   Musi-mn   (Natural  Ilia- 


ry).     Second  Ediiiou 

By  Geo 

rge  Albert  Boulengcr 

-.— 

Vol.  I.     Geckoiiifla-, 
AKaniid;c.     Pp.  xi 
and  Alt>liulK-li>:nl  I 

Jublepiiiiri 
,  4:j(i.     3 
Miex.'s.J 

rta>,  Uroplatiike,  PygopodiiUe, 
Plates.     [With  Systeiniilii; 
Irtf.5,  8vo.  20». 

Vol.  n.     IgiumiUn, 
Auniellidic,  H<'!u<l< 
Ampliifthnsnidtp. 

Sy.^^li'iiK.iic  itiid  Al] 

Xi'iiosiiuriiliE,      Zonuri<li>',      A 
maliila.',  VuraniiiT,  Xaolu-iiida", 
Pp.    xiii.,    407.      24    Plates, 

[.■ib.-tirnl  Ind..xrs.]     1K85,  Hvo 

uguidie, 
Tciidw, 
[With 
20... 

Vol,  HI,     liacerii.ia' 
j.i.la-,    iJihamidii. 

Gi-rrboBauridii:,    Sciui»la>,    A 
CliiimiKlt-onliiJ*.       I']),    xii.,    o 

i-lvtro- 
j.'     10 

BRITISH   MUSEUM   (NATURAL  HISTORY).  7 

Catalogue  of  the  Snakes  in  the  British  Museum  (Natural  History). 
By  George  Albert  Boulenger,  F.R.S. : — 

Vol.  I.y  containing  the  families  Typhlopidae,  GJauconiidae, 
Boidae,  Ilysiidie,  Uropeltidsey  XenopeltidaB,  and  Colubridas 
aglyphse,  part.  Pp.  xiii.,  448:  26  Woodcuts  and  28 
Plates.  [With  Systematic  and  Alphabetical  Indexes.] 
1H93,  8vo.  ]/.  1*. 

Vol.  II.,  containiug  the  conclusion  of  the  Colubridae  aglypha. 
Pp.  xi.,  382:  25  Woodcuts  and  20  Plates.  [With 
Systematic  and  Alphabetical  Indexes.]     1894,  8vo.  17*.  6d. 

Catalogue  of  Colubrine   Snakes  iu  the  Collection  of  the  British 

Museum.     By   Dr.    Albcat    Giinther.     Pp.    xvi.,   281.  [With 

Geographic,   Systematic,   and   Alphabetical    Indexes.]  1858, 
l2mo.  4^. 


BATRACIIIAXS. 

Catah)gue  of  the   Biitrachia  Salientia   in  tlu-  Collection    of  the 

British  Museum.     By  Dr.  Albert  Giinther.  Pp.  xvi.,  160.      12 

Plates.       [With     Sy.stematic,     (Geographic,  and     Alphabetical 
Indexes.]      18o8;  Hvo.  (is. 

Catalogue  of  the  Batracliia  Salientia,  s.  Ecaudata,  in  the  Collection 
of  the  British  Museum.       Second  Edition.       Bv  George  All)ert 

•  CD 

Boulen^^er.     Pp.  xvi.,  r)()3.       Woodcuts  and  'M>  Plates.      [With 
Systematic  and  Alphabetical  Indexes.]     1882,  Svo.  1/.  lO.s. 

Catalofjui*  of  the  Butrachia  Gradientia,  s.  Caudata,  and  Batnujhia 
Apo<la  in  the  Collection  of  the  British  Mu.seum.  Second 
Edition.  By  (feorge  Albert  Boulenger.  Pp.  viii.,  127.  1> 
PlaU'S.  [With  Systematie  and  AlphalH-ticid  Indexes.]  1SH2, 
8vo.  D.v. 


FISHES. 

Catalogue  <>f  th*'  Fishes  in  the  Colhrtion  of  the  Hritish  Mu>euni. 
By  Dr.  Albert  Guntl.or,  F.K.S.,  ,Vc.  :— 

Vol.  III.  Acanthopterygii  (Gobiida*,  DiseoboH,  Oxud<'rcida', 
I^atr.'ichida-,  Pediculati,  Blenniida-,  Acanthoclinida',  Come- 
phori«hi',  Trachypterida',  Lophotida%  Teuthidida*,  Acro- 
nuri(he,  lloplognathidic,  Malaeanthida*,  Nandidie,  Polycen- 
trida-,  Labyrinthici,  Luciocephalidie,  Atherinida?,  Mugilida% 
Ophiocephalida*,  Tnchonotida*,  Cepolida*,  Gobi esocidic, 
Psyciirohitidas  CcMitri^eida-,  Fistularida;,  Mastftcembe* 
lida*,  Notacanthi).  Pp.  xxv.,  586.  Woodcuts.  [With 
Systematic  and  Alphabetical  Indexes,  and  a  Systematic 
Synopsis  of  the  families  of  the  Acanthopterygiau  FiBhe9.] 
1861,  8vo.  lOs.  6d. 


a  LIST   OF   PUBLK-'ATIONS*   '>V'  THE 

ChIaIu);""  •»f  FiBhcs,  &c — maliHueti. 

Vol.  IV.     Aeantliopterygii  pharyviBogndtlii  uuJ  AuHCUDUiini. 
Pp.    xxl.    534.       [With    Sysleniatif    «i«l    Alph(ibotK-«l 
Indexes.]     1862,  8vo.  8*.  Gd. 
Vol.  V.    IliysMWmi  (Silimdfc,  Charocinidii--,  IlaplochitoniJui, 
Surnoptycbidte,  Scopelida?,  StumintidnO-     I*P-  ^x^il,  455. 
Wnoilciits.      [With  Syf^terantic  Atnl  AlpKiibeticftl  Indoxos.] 
1864,  Svo.  Ht. 
Vol,    VII.      Fhy"o»tomi    (Hi'teroplijgii,  Cypriuiila.-,   Oouo- 
rhynchiiliu,  IlyodwitidiB.  Osteal oaKWie,  ClupfidiP,   Wiiro- 
crntridii',     Alopoceplinlido',     SoUipteridw,     HtJusauridff). 
I'p.  XX.,  512.      WoodcuW.      [With  Systematic  and  Alpha- 
Iwdoul  rndexfis.]     I«6«.  8vo.  «*. 
Vol.  VIII.     PhyBostoioi  (Gyninotidic,  Syinbrtuirhida!.  Murn- 
uidir,    Fegasidie),    Lopliobnuichii,    Plectogiialhi,    Dipnoi, 
Gnnoidei,     ('hondropt*rygii,    CyclostomatH,    Leptocaitlii, 
Pp.    srv.,    .'S49.       fWith    Syslematic    and    AlphitbeticHl 
Indexes.]     1H70,  Svb.  8*.  Gd. 
List  of  tho  Specimens  of  Fish  in  Ihe  CoUpctioii  of  the  British 
Mweum.     Part  I.     Cbondropteijgii.     By  J.  E.  Gray.     Fp.  x., 
160.     2  PlalRi.      [With  .Systematic  and  Alphal>eti<»l  Indexm.] 
ItHS),  I2mu.  3t. 
t'litiiloguc  of  Fish  collect*'*!  and  deacribod  by  Lnurenco  Tbtiodorc 
Gronow,  now  in  the  British  Museum.     Pp.  vii.,  196.     [With  a 
Systematic  Index.]     1654,  12nio.  %>.  Qd. 
Catalogue  of  Lophobmnchiate  Fish  in  the  Cc41ection  ortliu  BritUi 
Museum.     Bv  J.  J.  Kaup.  Ph.D.,  Ac.     Pp.  iv..  80.      4  Fifties. 
[With  fill  Al[ili.ibeii».l  Iiiilox.]      l8o(;,  12mo,  2.i. 


MOLLUSC  A. 

Guiili^  to  the  Systi'mntic  Dislribution  of  Moilusca  in  tlie  Britisb 
Miiaeum.  Fnrt  I.  By  Jolin  Edward  Gray,  Pb.D.,  F.R.S., 
kc.     Pp.  xii.,  2.'M).     121  Woodcuts.     1857,  8vo.  .'is. 

List  of  tbf  HhelU  of  the  CnuarieH  in  the  Collection  of  the  British 
Muspiini,  coHecipd  bj'  MM.  Wpbl>  and  Bertbelot.  Described 
HTid  fii;ur.d  l.v  Prof.  Alcide  D'Orbigny  in  the  "  Histoire 
Naturelle  des  II'.--.  OannrJes."     Fp.  .'1?.     1854,  12mo.  Is. 

List  of  the  Shells  of  ViH\ti  in  the  Collection  of  tlie  British  Museum, 
collected  by  M.  lt;iiiion  de  In  Sagra.  Descril>ed  hy  Prof.  Alcide 
d'Orbigny  in  Ibc  '•  Hisioii*  dfi  I'lle  de  Culis."  Pp.  4H.  1854, 
12ino.  U. 

List  of  the  Shells  of  South  Americfi  in  the  Collection  of  the  British 
Museum,  ('r.lleeled  and  described  by  M.  Aleidc  D'Orbigny  n 
the  "  Voyage  dans  l'Am<'ri*|Up  Meridionale."       I'p.  W9.       1854, 


BRITISH   MUSEUM   (NATURAL   HISTORY).  9 

Catalogae  of  the  Collection  of  Mazatlan  Shells  in  the  British 
Museum,  collected  by  Frederick  Reigon.  Described  by  Philip 
P.  Carpenter.     Pp.  xvi.^  552.     1857,  12mo.  8*. 

List  of  Mollusca  and  Shells  in  the  Collection  of  the  British 
Museum,  collected  and  d(.'scribed  by  MM.  Eydoux  and  Souleyet 
iu  the  "  Voyage  autour  du  Mondo,  execute  pendant  les  annees 
"  1836  et  1837,  sur  la  Corvette  *  La  Bonite,* "  and  in  the 
**  Histoire  naturolle  dos  Mollnsqnes  Pteropodes."  Par  MM. 
P.  C.  A.  L.  Ban^'  ot  Sonlevet.     Pp.  iv.,  27.     ISoo,  I2m().  S<f. 

Catalo^ijue  of  the  l*hanor()|)n('unionn,  or  Tcrn^strial  Op(M(;nlat<'d 
MolhiKca,  in  tho  Collection  ol'  tlu'  Uritisli  Museum.  Bv  Dr.  L. 
Pfeiffcr.  Pp.  321.  [With  an  Alphabetical  Index.]'  1852, 
12mo.  o.v. 

Nomenclature  of  Molbiscous  Animals  and  Shells  in  the  Collection 
of  the  British  Museum.  Parti.  Cycloplioriihc.  Pp.69.  [With 
an  Index.]     1S.>(),  12mo.  Is.  6(L 

Catalogue  of"  Pulmonatn,  or  Air  Bn^athing  MoUusc^i,  in  the  Col- 
lection of  the  British  Museum.  Part  I.  By  Dr.  Louis  Pfeiffer. 
Pp.  iv.,  192.     Woodcuts.      1855,  12mo.  2s.  6f/. 

Catido<^ue  of  the  Auricnlicla\  Proserpini<ln\  and  Truncatellida'  in 
the  Collection  of  the  British  Museum.  By  Dr.  Loviis  Pfeiffer 
Pp.  iv.,  150.     Woodcuts.      1857,  12mo.  \s'9f/. 

List  of  the  Mollusca  in  th(»  Collection  of  the  Hrilish  Museum.  By 
John  Kdwanl  (rrav,  Ph.D.,  F.K.S.,  <&c. 

Part  I.     Volutida'.     Pp.  23.     1855,  12mo.  M. 
Part  11.     01ivida>.     Pp.  tl.      18G5,  12mo.  is. 

Catalogue  of  the  Conch ifera,  or  Bivalve  Shells,  in  the  Collection 
of  the  British  Museum.      By  M.  Deshayes  : — 

Part  I.  Venerida*,  Cyprinida-,  (llauconomidie,  and  Petri - 
eolada*.     P[).  iv.,  216.      1853,  I2mo.  3.v. 

Part  II.  Petricolada^  (concluded)  ;  Corbiculada'.  Pp. 
217-292.  [With  an  Alphabetical  Index  to  the  two 
pai-ts]      1851,  12mo.  ivi. 


BRACinOPODA. 

Catalogue  of  Brachiopoda  Aneylopoda  or  Lnnip  Shells  in  the 
Collection  of  the  British  Museum.  [  fssuetl  o^  **  PaUilogue  of 
the  Mollusca,  Part  IV."]  Pp.  iv..  Pis.  25  VVoo<lcut.M.  [With 
an  Alphabetical  Index.]      I8.'33,  12mo.  3 v. 


POLYZOA. 

Catalogue  of  Marine  Polyzoa  in  the  Collection  of  the  British 
Maseum.  Part  III.  Cyclostomata.  By  George  Busk,  F.RS. 
Pp.  viii.,  39.  38  Plates."^  [With  a  Systematic  Index.]  1875, 
Svo.  5*. 


■    PUBLICATIONS  OK  THR 


CUUtiTAOEA. 


CUalogiiP  of  CraBtaocA  in  tbc  Oollectiou  of  the  t)riti«h  Mutetin. 

Fwt  1.    Lcutywinda-,     By  Thomnn  Btill,  V.P.R.S,,  Pre*.   L.8., 

&<■-     I'll,  iv.,  24.     1855,  Svo.  Grf. 
Cntalugue  of  the  SpecitnonB  of  AmptupixloiiB  Cmalvcui  lu  Ibe 

Collection  of  the  British  MuseTun.     By  C.  Spenw  Bale,  F.Hii.. 

Af.     Pp,  iv.,  389.     5H  PUies.     [With  mi  Alplabetical  Index.] 

1862,  Svo.     il.5«. 


MYKIOPODA 

CutatoguL-  of  till-  Myrinputlii  in  th<-  UoUectioii  of  the  Brkuli 
MuHUin.  By  G«>rgi>  Newporl,  F.U.S,,  P.K.S.,  &c.  Part  I. 
Chilopod*.  Pj..  iv.,  96.  [With  ail  Alphabetical  Index.] 
isrs,  l2ino.  l».  9d. 


Coleopterom  Jtuceh. 

NouendaUire  <f  Coleupteroos  loeects  in  the  CollectioD  pf  tlia 
British  Museum : — 

Purl     IV.    CI<Tiil;i-.       Ry    Admn     While.      Pp.     R«.      fWith 

Indw.]      1840,  12mo.  I*.  8rf. 
Part  V.  Cncujida;,  &c.     By  tVederlck  Stidth.     [Alto  issued 
a,\  "  Lint  ol'  the  Coli'optcroiis  Inse<;ts.     Part  1."]     Pp.  25. 
1851,  12mo.  lid. 
Part  VI.  Pngsalida:.      By  Proderick   Sinith.      Pp.   iv.,  2;t. 

1  Plate     [With  Iruh-x.]     1852,  12mo.  Sd. 
Piirt  VII.  Longicorniii,  I.     By  Aibini  WhiLe.     Pp.  iv,,  174. 

lPlat.-s,     1853,  121110.  2s.  6d. 
Pait  VIII.  Longicornia,  II.     By   Adam    VVhito.     Pp.  2.t7. 

6  Plates.     185.5,  12mo.  3*.  6d. 
Part  IX.   Ca»eidida\     By  Charles  H.  Bobeiiiau,  Professor  of 
Natural  HiBtory,  Stockholm.     Pp.  225.     [With  Index.} 
1851),  12III0.  a*. 
Illustnitions  of  Typical  Speolmeus  of  Coleupteva  iu  the  UoUectiim 
of  the  British   Museum      Part  I.  Ljcida^.     By  Charles  Owen 
Waterhousc.     Pp.  x.,  83.     18  coloured  Pbles.     [With  Systp- 
iimtic  rtnd  Alplialx'ticnl  Iiidexef.]     1879,  8*o.  16*. 
Cfltftlogui-  of  the  ('oleoj)terous  Insects  of  Madeira  iu  th>'  Collectiou 
-f  an-  Ui-iti.h  Mu.uuui.     By  T.  Vltuou  M'ollaston,  M.A.,  F.L.S 
rwill       ~  .  -     .  -      . 


BRITISH  MUSEUM  (NATURAL   HISTORY).  11 

Catalogue  of  the  Coleopterous  Insects  of  the  Cauaries  in  the  Collec- 
tion of  the  British  Museum.  By  T.  Vernon  Wollaston,  M.A,, 
F.L.S.  Pp.  xiii.,  648.  [With  Topographical  and  Alphabetical 
Indexes.]     1864,  8vo.  10*.  6d. 

Catalogue  of  Halticida3  in  the  Collection  of  the  British  Museum. 
By  the  'Rev.  Hamlet  Clark,  M.A.,  F.L.S.  Physapodes  and 
(Edipodes.  Part  I.  Pp.  xii.,  301.  Frontispiece  aud  9  Plates. 
1860,  8vo.  7*. 

Catalogue  of  Hispidae  iu  the  Collection  of  the  British  Museum. 
By  Joseph  S.  Baly,  M.E.S.,  &o.  Part  I.  Pp.  x.,  172.  9 
Plates.     [With  an  Alphabetical  Iiulex.]     1858,  8vo.  6s. 

ffyitienopterous  Insects, 

List  of  the  Specimens  of  Ilymenopterou.*;  Insects  in  the  Collection 
of  the  British  Museum.      13v  Francis  Walker,  F.L.S. : — 

Part    II.       Chalcdites.        Additiimul    Species.      Appendix. 
Pp.  iv.,  99-237.      184M,  12nio.  2s. 

Catalogue  of  Hymenopterous  Insects  in  the  Collection  of  the 
British  Museum.     By  Frederick  Smith.      12mo.  : — 

Parti.  Andrenidje  and  Apida*.     Pp.  197.     G  Plates.      lMo3, 

2.y.  6(i. 
Part    ir.    Apidiv.       Pp.    109-46o.      6    Plates.       [With    an 

Alpliahcticnl  Index.        1854,  G.f. 
Part  III.    Mutillidic   and  Pompilidn-.     Pp.   20(1.     6    Plates. 

ISoo,  G*. 
Part    \\\  Sphegidic,  Lanid;i%   and    Crahronid;f.      Pp.   207- 

497.     6   Plates.      j  With   an    Alphabetical   Index.]      iS.lfS, 

Vxwi   V.   Vospida-.      Pp.  147.     (>   Plates.     [With    ;in    Alj)l.a- 

Ix'tical  Index.  ]      lSo7,  (>v. 
Part    VI.    Formicid:c.      Pp.    216.       14    Plates.      [With    an 

Alphabetical  Index.  1      18o8,  G.v. 
Part  VII.    Dorylidic    and   Thynnida'.     Pp.    7G.      ',\    Plate.-. 

[With  an  Alphabetical  Index. 1      lSo9,  2.v. 

Descriptions  of  Xew  Specie.^  oi'  Ilynienojitera  in  the  Collcvjlion 
of  the  British  Mn.seum.  By  Frederick  Smith.  Pj).  xxi.,  210. 
[With  Systematic  and  Alphabetical  Indexes.]      1S79,  Svo.  \()s. 

List  of  llymenopteni,  with  descriptions  aud  figures  of  the  Typiciil 
Specimens  in  the  British  Museum.  Vol.  I.,  Tenthnidinida-  and 
Siricid;c.  Jiy  W.  V.  Kirhy.  Pp.  xxviii.,  450.  IG  Cohiired 
Phites.  (With  Systematic  and  A  lphal>eticjd  Indexes.]  18^2, 
bvo.   1/.    IS.v. 

Dipterous  In  sects . 

Li*<t   of  the  Specimens  of  Dipterous  Inlets   in  the  Collection  of 
the  British  Museum.     By  Francis  Walker,  F.L.S.     12mo. : — 
Part  II.     Pp.  231-484.     1849.     3*.  6d. 
Part  IV.     Pp.  689-1172.     [With  an  Index  to  tlietour  partfit, 
and  an  Index  of  Donors.]     1849.    6^. 


IB  LIST   oy   IM'HI.ICATIO.VS   OP   THE 

Lwl  of  the  SpeoimenB  of  Dii>t«roiiii  Insects,  Ac. — cnntitiwd. 

I'ftrt  V.     Siipplttmeiit    I.     StntiomnliB,  Xjlpphngidin.    iin<l 

Tnbuniiiit.     Fp.  \w.,  330,     2  WoodcnUi,     ]85-t     4«,  6d. 
I'urt  VI.     Supplement    II.     Aoroccridtr    and    part  of  (lie 

fsmily  Asilidii-.    Pp.  ii.,  331-506.    8  Woodcuts.  1804.    3«. 
Pwt  VII,     Supplwii-snt    III.    AsiliJiR.     Pi>.  ii..  507-77*. 

1R56.     3".  (Sd. 

LejiidnpUro'u  Iitsi-cts. 

IlluNtrntioii!'  of  Typiwil  .Spwiniens  of  Lopidojitcra  HetcroctTu  in 
Iho  CoUt^dion  of  Hie  Drilish  Museum  : — 

Pftrt  1.     By  Arthur  Oarvliner  Butler.     Pp.   xiii.,  62.     20 
Coloured  Plates.      [With    n    Svetematie  Index.]      1877, 
410.  2/. 
P«rl  III.      By  Arthur   Oardioer   fintler.      Pp.  xviii.,  82. 
41-flO    Coloured   Plates.        [With   a   Systeuntic  Index.] 
1879,  ltd.  2/.  10#. 
Part  V.     By    Arthur    Gardiner     Butler.       Pp.    xii.,    74. 
78-100    Coloured  Plati-B.      [With  it  Syiteicalic   Index.] 
1881,410.2/.  10*. 
Part  VI.      By   Arthur    Gsrdiner   Butler.      Pp.    xt.,    89. 
101-120  Coloured   rittten.      [With  a  SysUtmatic  Index.] 
1886,  4to.  2/.  it. 
Part  VII.      By    Arthur    Gardiner    Uiitlcr.      Pp.    iv,,    124. 
J21-13S  Coloured   PlnleB.      [With  b  Systematic  IM."] 
188(1,  4to.  2/. 
Piirt    VIII.      Thc'    Lopidoptein    Hotorccprii   nf  the    Nilgiri 
Oistrlcl.      By    tteorf^e   Fnincis  Homp.wn,      Pp.  iv.,  144. 
i;(9-156   Coloured    Plates.      [With    h   Svsteraatie    Li«.] 
1891,  4to.  21. 
Part  IX.     Tho  Macrokpidoptera  Heleroceraof  Ceylon.     By 
George    Francis'    Hampson.        Pp.    v..     182.      157-176. 
Coloured   Platos.      [With  a  General  Systematic  List  of 
.Species  eollccted    in,  or   recorded  frotn,  Cevlon.]     1893, 
Ito.  21-  2(. 
('atalogue  of  Diurnal  Lepidoptera  of  the  fnmily  Satyridie  in  the 
Collection  of  the  British  Mnseum.  Bv  Arthur  Gardiner  Butler, 
F.L..S..   Ac.    Pp.  vi.,  211.     5  Plate*.      [With  an  Alphabetical 
Index.]     1868,  8vo.  5«.  6rf. 
Catalogue  of  Diurnul  Lepidoptera  described  by  Fabricius  in  the 
Collection  of  tbi^  Britiah  Museum.  By  Arthur  Gardiner  Butler, 
F.L.S.,  etc.     Pp.  iv,,  30.^     ;t  Plates.     1869,  Svo.  7^.  6rf. 
Specimen  of  a  Catalogue  of  LycienidBS  in  the  British  Miiscnm.    By 
W.  C.  Hewitson.    Pp.  1.5.     8  Coloured  Pl.ites.     1862, 4to.  1/.  U 
T.ist  of   Leiiidopterous  Insccis  in  the  Collection  of  the  British 
■         Pnpilioni.la-.      By   G.   B.   Gray,    F.L.S. 


Burrisu  MUSEUM  (natural  history).  13 

List  of  the  Specimens  oP  Lepidopterous  Insects  in  the  Collection 
of  the  British  Museum.     By  Francis  Walker.     12nio. : — 

Part  I.     Lepidoptera  Heterocera.     Pp.  iv.,  278.     1854,  4*. 

Part  IV. Pp.  776-976.     1855, 3*. 

Part  VI. Pp.  1258-1507.  1855, 3*.  6d. 

Part  VII. Pp.  1508-1808. 

[With  an  Alphabetical   Index  to  Parts  l.-VII.]       1850, 
4s.  dd. 

PartX.       Noctiiidff.  Pp.  253-191.     1S5G,  3*.  6ef. 

Part  XL      Pp.  492-764.     1857,  3^.  Gd. 

Part  XII.    Pp.  765-982.     1857,  3a-.  6d 

Part  XIII. Pp.  983-1236.     1857,  3*.  Or/. 

Part  XIV. Pp.  1237-1519.     1858,  4*.  6d. 

Part  XV. Pp-   1520-1888.      [With   an   Alpha- 

betical  Index  to  Parts  IX.-XV.]     1858,  4s.  6d. 

Part  XVI.     Deltoides.     Pp.  253.     1858,  3*.  Gd. 

Part  XVII.     Pyralides.     Pp.  254-508.     1859,  3a.  Gd. 

Part  XVIII. Pp.  509-798.     1859,  4a. 

I'jut  XIX.      Pp.  799-103G.     [With  an  Alpha- 
betical Index  to  Parts  XVI. -XIX.]      1859,  3.v.  6d, 

Part  XX.      Geometrites.  Pp.  1-276.      18G0,  l.s. 

Part  XXI.     Pp.  277-498.     18G(>,  3s, 

Part  XXII. Pp.  499-755.     1861,  3y.  6</. 

Part  XXIIl. Pp.  756-1020.     18G1,  3v.  6d. 

Part  XXIV. Pp.  1021-12K).     18G2,  3.v.  G</. 

Part  XXV. Pp.  1281-1477.     1HG2,  3.s. 

Part  XXVL  Pp.      1478-179(>.         [With     an 

Alphabetical  Index  to  Parts  XX.-XXVI.]      1SG2,  4.v.  6d. 

PnrtXXVll.      Crambites     and      Tortiicites.      Pp.     1-286. 

1863,  4v. 
PartXXVlII.       Turtrieites  and     Tineite.^.       Pp.    2H7-.")61. 

18G3,  4a. 
Part  XXIX.     Tnieiti's.      Pj).  .')G2-S35.      ls()4,  4.v. 

Part  XXX. Pp     S3(i-1()9G.      I  With   an    Alpha- 
betical Index  to  Parts  XXVIl.-XXX.  1   ^  l.S(i4,  4.v. 
Part  XXXI.       Supplement.      Pp.  1-:;21.      lS(>|,.3.v. 

FartXXXIl. Part    :\     Pp.     322-7()(;.  1MG5, 

5a-. 

PartXXXlII. Part  3.      Pp    707-1 120.  18G5, 

6a. 

Part  XXXIV.  Part  4.    Pp.   1121-1533.  18G5, 

OS.  6d. 

Part  XXXV.    Part  5.  Pp.   i:>34-2(>10.  [With 

an  Alphabetical  Index  to  Parts  XXXI.-XXXV.]  1866, 
ts. 


14  USr  OF  P(<BUCAT10R4  or  THR 

NenropteroH*  liutHt. 

CUjOogue  of  (he  Speolmeun  orNi^aroplemus  Iniierts  in  l1ieC'«llp<- 

tloii  (^  llii-  British  Mujm-uiu.     By  Fi«ticiii  Walkor,     12mo.  :— 

Vkt\  i.  PhTTgMidea— Perlidaa.  I'p.  iv.,  192.  1852,  2*.  6rf. 

Pari  U.     Suili<lit— Neiuoplt-ridee.     Pp.    ii.,  193-176.  1853, 

:u.  &/. 
Pan  III.  Termitidis — Ephemeridw.    Pp.  ii.,  477-685.  1853. 

U.Qd. 
Pan  IV.     Odouuta.     Pp.  ii.,  587-65S.     1853,  I2mo.  I*. 
C'ftiAlo^ue  of  the  Specimens  of  Nt^uronterous  Ififiecu   in  the  Col- 
lection of  ihe  Briiisli  Mu^-nm.     By  Dr.  H.  Haeon.     Part  I. 
Tormitina.    Pp.  U.     iW58,  12u.,i  «*/. 

Orthofilerotix  /mtttt. 

Catalc^iiu  of  Oilhojiteroas  [n.^ect*!  io  tli«  Collection  of  tho  British 
MuMiim     PdH  I.     Pliatnnidic.     Hjr  John  Obadiiili  Wratwooi], 
FI.S.,  &c.      Pp.     185.     18    PlBle*.      [  With  Bn  Alphabetical 
Inilrx.]     1859,  Ito.  U 
(^'stdogiie  of  the  Specimens  ofBlaitnrio!  in  the  Collection  ot  the 
Britieh  Muwiuu.     By  Francis  Walker,  F.L.S.,  &«.     Pp.  239. 
[Widi  an  Alpliabeticikt  Index.]     1868,  8vo.  5^.  Gil- 
Calalog:ui-  of  the  SpccimeiiH  of  Ueimapters  Saltatoria  [Part  l.j 
and  Supplement  to  the  BIaituri»  in  the  Collection  of  the  British 
Muaeuin.     Oryllidic.     BlnitsriEc.      Locustidie:      By  Francia 
Walker,  F.LJI.,  Ac.    Pp.  224.    [With  an  Alpb^HAic&Undez.] 
I86S,  Bto.  S*. 
('.iliil(.i;ii.>  of  llu'     Spi^-jmcnt  nf  Dirrriiiptern     SiiHiiloriii     in     (lif 
Collection    fit    til*.     KHiish     Mii^niM.     Bv    Francis    Walter, 
F.L.S.,  Ac- 
Part  II.     LocustidiB  (continiicdj.     Pp.  223-423.     [With  an 

Alphabetical  Indei.]     186!>,  Bvo.  4*.  6rf. 
Port  III.     LocuslidiP  (continued).— Acrididii?.     Pp.  42.'i-Gl>l. 

[With  jin  AlphaheticHl  Index.]     1M70,  Hvo.  4*. 
Part  IV.     Acrididic  (continued).     I'p.  60o-H(>9.     [With  an 

Alphabftical  Index.]  1870,  «vo.  &t. 
I'nrt  V.  Tetligidas. — Supplement  Uy  the  Calalogne  of  Blat- 
tarioe, — Supplement  to  the  Cutnlogne  of  Dermaplera 
Sfiltntona  (with  remarks  on  Ihe  Geographical  Dtslribntion 
r.f  Dcrmapieni},  Pp.  Kll-8!iO;  43;  116.  [With  Alpha- 
hetietl  Indexes,]     1870.  Nvo.  G\. 

If emi pier  Otis  Inxeels. 

List  of  the  Specimens  of  Ilemiplerous  Insects  in  the  Collection  of 
the  British  MiiMuin.     By  W.  S.  Dallas,  F.L.S.  :— 
Parti.     Pp.  36H.     llPlntes,     1S31,  12mo.  7 


imrriSH  museum  (natural  histoky).  15 

Catalogue  of  the  Specimens  of  Ileteropterous  Hemiptera  in  the 
Collectioii  of  the  British  Moseam.  By  Francis  Walker,  F.L.S., 
&c.     8vo. : — 

Parti.       Scutata.     Pp.240.     1867.     5*. 
Part  II.     Scutata  (continued).     Pp.  241-417.     1867.     4*. 
Part  III.  Pp.  418-599.     [With  an  Alphabetical  Index   to 
Parts    I.,    II.,    III.,    and   a   Summary   of   Geogruphical 
Distribution  of  the  Species  mentioned.]      1868.     4s.  Gd, 
Part  IV.     Pp.211.     [Alphfibeticiillndex.]   1871.     6.s. 

Part  V.       Pp.  202. 1872.     5.9. 

Part  VI.     Pp.  210. 1873.     5s. 

Part  VII.    Pp.213. 1873.     6s. 

Purt  VIII.  Pp.  220. ' 1873.     (>*.  Gd. 

Jlomoptei'ous  Insects. 

List  of  the  Specimens  of  Homopterous  Insects  in  the  Collection  of 
the  British  Museum,  liy  Francis  Walker.  Supplement.  Pp. 
ii.,  :^(>9.     [With  an  Alphabetical  Index.]     1S58,  12mo.  4.v.  Gd. 

vermp:s. 

Catftlojjjue  of  the  Species  of  Knrozoa,  or  Intestinal  Worms,  cou- 
tuinrd  ill  the  Collection  of  the  British  Mu-^eum.  By  Dr.  Baird, 
Pp.  iv.,  132.  2  Plates.  [With  an  Index  of  the  Animals  in 
wiiiah  the  Entozoa  mentioned  in  the  Catalo«^uo  arc  found  ;  and 
an  Index  ol'  Genera  and  Sp«M'ies. ]      18o,'i  12mo.  2s. 

ANTIIOZOA. 

Catalogue  oF  Sea-pens  or  Pennatulariid.'e  in  the  Collection  of  thr 
Briti.sh  Museum.  By  J.  E.  Gray,  F.R.S.,  <fce.  Pp.  iv.,  |o. 
2  Wowlcuts.      1870,  Hvo.  Iv.  Gd. 

Catalogue  of  Lithophyte.s  or  Stony  Corals  in  the  Collection  of  the 
British  Museum.  By  J.  Vj.  Grav,  F.P.S.,  <Src.  Pj).  iv.,  51. 
1  I  Woodeuts.      1870,  Svo.  3.v. 

Catalogue  of  the  Madreporarian  CoraK  in  the  British  Mnst^um 
(Natural  History).  Vol.  I.  The  (iiMuis  Madrepora.  By 
George  Brook.  Pp.  xi.,  212.  :{.)  Collotype?  Plates.  [With 
Systematie  and  Alpliabetical  Indexes,  Ex}»lanation  of  IMates, 
and  a  Preface  by  Dr.  Giinther.]      1S93,  4to.  1/.  4.v. 

BRITISH   ANIMALS. 

Catftloifue  of  British  Birds  in  the  Collection  of  the  British 
Mu.«<eum.  By  George  Robert  Gray,  F.L.S.,  P\/.S.,  iSLc.  Pp. 
xii.,  248.     [With  a  List  of  Species.  J      1803,  Svo.  3,v.  Gd. 

Catalogue  of  British  Hymenoptera  in  the  Collection  of  the  British 
Mu-seum.  Second  edition.  Purt  I.  Andrenidae  and  Apidsp. 
By  Frederick  Smith,  M.E.S.  New  Issue.  Pp.  xi.,  230.  11 
Plates.  [With  Systematic  and  Alphabetical  Indexes.]  1891, 
8vo.  (U. 


WSB 


LIST   UF   iH'BLII-ATlliXS   l>f  THK 


imicidiB,  anil 
By  Frfcdcripk 
Alphabet  icrI 

:  Collec- 


r 

^^1  Vespidte  ill  tho  Collection  of  ihe  British  Museum, 

^H  Rmilb.  V.P.B.S.     Pp.  236.     0  Plates.     [Willi  n 

^H  Index.]     1868,  12mo.  lis. 

^H  A  Catalogue  of  the  British  Non-paraxiticul  Worms 

^H  tion  of  the  British  Museum.     By  ( jeorge  Johnatou,  M.D.,  Bdi 

^H  F-R-CL.  Ed.,  Ll.D.     Mariachal  Coll.  Abenleen.  &c.     Pp.  365. 

^H  Woodcuts   aud  24    Plat«e.     [With   uo    Alt>habetiual    ludex.] 

^M  IS65,  8vo.  7s. 

^H  CftUlogue   of  thi?    Uritinh  Eeliinodenus  iu  thi'  British  Museum 

^H  (Natui-al  .History).     By  F.  JetTrev  Bell,  M.A.     Pp.  xvii.,  202. 

^^m  Woutlcuta  and  16  Plalea   (2  coloured).     [With  Table  of  Coii- 

^^^1  toni.t.  Tables  of  Distribution,   Alplutbotical  Index,  Deecriptioii 

^^f  of  the  Plates,  &c.j     1892,  8vo.  12j.  6d. 

^^M  Iiist  of  the  Siiecimeus  of  British  AoimalB  iu  the  Collectioa  of  the 

^H  British    Museum;  willi  Synonymu  aud  Kefereucet*  to  flgoiVM. 

L 


Part  I.     CenLroniiE  or  Badiateil  Animals.     By   Dr.  J. 

Oray.     Pp.  xiii.,  173.     1848.  4*. 
Piu-t  rV.    Crualaeea.     By  A.White.     Pp.  iv.,  141.     (With 

nu  ln<le.v.)     1850,  2«.  M. 
Pari  V.     Lepidoplera.     Bv  J.  F.   Su-pheiis.     2nd  Edilioti. 

By  H.  T.  Stalutou  and  £.SL«plienl.     Pp.  iv.,  224.     1856, 

If.  9rf. 
Put  VI.    HymenoptenL    By  ¥,  Smith.    Fp.   IM.     1861. 


'iirt  VII.     Moliuscft.  Ac'phjik,  -.md  Brsfliiopoda.     By  Dr. 

.1.  E.  Uray.      Pp.  iv.,  lliT.      1H51,  3.<,  (vf. 
Part    VIII.      Fish.     By    Adam    White.      Pp.  xxiii.,    164. 

(With  ludex  jiml  List  of  Donors.)     1851,  3*.  6d. 
Part  IX.     Eggs  of  British  Birds.     By  George  Robert  Gray. 

Pp.  H3.     1852,  2».  C'/. 
Part  XI.     Anoplura  or  Parasitic  Insects.     By  H.  Denny. 

Pp.  iv,,  51.     1H52,  Id. 
Pail  XII.     Lepidoplera  (continued.)     By  James  F.  Stephens. 

Pp.  iy.,  54.     1852,  9d. 
Part  Xlll.     Xomeui^liiture  of  Hymeno|)lfra.     Bv  Frederick 

Smith.     Pp.  iv.,  74.     1853,  U.  -Ul. 
Part  XIV.     NomL-nclalure  of  Neuroptcra.     Bv  Adam  White. 

Pp.  iv.,  16.     1853,  6d. 
Pftit  XV.     Nomenclature  of  Dipteiu,   I.     Bv  Ad.nni  While. 

Pp.  iv.,  42.     1853,  Is. 
Part  XVI.     Lcpidoptera   (completed).     By  H.  T.  Stainloii. 

Pp.  199.     [With  an  ludes.]     1854,  is. 
Pan  XVII.     Nomenclature  of  Anoplura,   EiipJvxi.piLTit,  and 


BRITISH   MUSEUM   (NATCHiO.  HISKH 

OaiiJogiie  of  tbt]  Fossil  FtsheD — continued.  ^ 

Part    III.    CoDlAbing   the    AetinopterygiBn   Tdeostw 
the     Orders     Ckondrostei     (i.'ODctnded),     Proloapoi^ 
AetJteotpondyli,  »□<]  Isoypo}idi//i  (in  part).     Pp.  slii.,lnni 
4o  Woodcuts  and  IK  Plates.     [Wiib   Alphabetical  Index, 
oud  S^'Etemalif!  Ind<!E  of  Genera  and  i^pci'ies.]     Ig95,  Sva 
2U. 
Sf  stematii;  List  of  the  Edwards  Collection  of  British  Oligocene  and 
Eocene  Mullasca  in  the  British   Sluseuni  (Nutuial  History),' 
■wiib  references  to  the  type'^pecimens  from  aimilar  horizons 
'  ""    "n     other    colleclion=     bt-\onjiui-^   lo    tiin    (liological 
1   of    the    museum.      B_v    li\A,:n- 
xxviii.,  366.     f^  iih  t»ble  ot  i^'iuuiiieB  wid  {iva»t», 
CorreUtion-Uble,   Appendix,    and   Alpbsbc^csl 
191,  8to.  6*. 

ChJilogne  of  tke  Fostil  Cephalopoda  in  the  British  Mnaeum 
(Natural  Hiatorj).    By  Azthnr  H.  Foonl,  F.6.S.  :— 

Fart  L  Containing  part  of  the  Suborder  Nautiloidoi,  <K>n- 
Bisting  of  the  families  Orthoceratidra,  Endoceratidn,  Actiuo- 
ceratidn,  Goinphoceratids,  AscoceratidtB,  Poterioceraiids, 
Uyrtoceratidce,  and  Supplement.  Pp.  zzxi.,  344.  51 
Woodcuts.  [With  Systematic  Index,  and  Alphabetical 
Index  of  Genera  and  Species,  including  Synonyms.] 
1888,  8vo.  lOt.  ed. 

Part  II.  Containing  the  remainder  of  the  Sulxtrder  Nauti- 
loidea,  consisting  of  the  families  Lituitid^,  Trochoceratidte, 
Nantilidffi,  and  Supplement.  Pp.  xxviii.,  407.  86  Wood- 
cuts.  [With  Systematic  Index,  snd  Alphabetical  Index 
of  Qenera  and  Spedes,  including  Synonyms.]  1891, 8vo,  15t^ 

A  Catalogue  of  British  Fossil  Crustacea,  with  their  Synonyms  and 
the  Sange  in  Time  of  each  Genus  and  Order.  By  Henry 
Woodwud,  F.B.S.  Pp.  xii.,  1£5.  [With  an  Alphabetical 
Index.]     1877, 8vo.  St. 

CaUlogue  of  the  Blaetoidea  In  the  Geological  Departmeut  of  the 
British  Mnseiun  (Natural  Hiiitorv),  with  an  account  of  the 
morphology  and  systematic  position  of  the  group,  and  a  revision 
of  the  genera  and  species.  By  Robert  Etheridge,  jun.,  of  tbC 
DepartmePt  of  Geolc^,  British  Mu»eum  (Xntui-al  lliitory), 
and  P.  Herbert  CaipentBr,  D.Sc.,  F.K.S.,  F.L.S.  (of  Eton 
College).  [With  Preface  by  Dr.  H.  Woodward.  Table  id 
Contents,  General  Index,  Expiaaations  of  the  Plateti,  &c.]  Pg, 
ST.,  822.  20  Platt.-s.     1886,  4  to.  25«. 

Chtdoffae  of  the  Fofsil  Sponges  in  the  GeoIt^icalDeputmeniof 
tba  Britiab  Unaenm  (Natural  Histor)').  With  deacriptiona  cl 
uvir  ami  lillli-  kiii-wn  specif*.  By  <ie*irg.>  .inuiiiigs  Hinde, 
Ph.D.,  y.a.S.  Pp.  viii,,  24S.  38  Plal.3.  [With  n  Tubular 
Lint  of  Species,  arranged  in  Zoologii^al  ami  Strutifoiiphical 
Mcquenca,  and  an  AlpbsK'ticnl  Index.]     188>i,  4t(>.  U.  10(. 


1 


Mtfi"  oe  puBiJcATioxs  or  thb 

Catalogue  of  the  FosL-il  FomminiferB  io  tJie  Itrilish  Jdnneum 
(Nftlur*!  Histwv).  By  Professor  T.  auwat  .Jnm's  F.R,S., 
Jtu.  Fp/rxiv.'llX).  [Willi  Goographiciil  iiwi  Alphobelk-al 
lodexe*.]  1S82.  Hv.i.  B*. 
OaUilogiM  of  Iho  riilwoRoic  Pliiijto  in  thn  Depu-tnieiit  of  Geology 
And  I*aljw)ntt>logy,  British  Musenm  (Nmunil  Hiaiory).  By 
Kobeit  KiMoii.  F.fl-S.  Pp.  wiii..  2^8.  [Will,  a  UnI  of  works 
qiioteil,  and  nn  InJcx.j  ltl»6,  Svo.  Sf. 
Cnlttlogue  of  tilt!  ilewiitoic  PlanU  ill  the  Depart  rat- iit  of  flwilogjr, 
British  Museum  {Nftliirftl  History).  The  Wcaldfin  Flora. 
Kv  A.  C.  SewBi-d.  M.A..  F.G.S.,  Uni-rersity  U'utui-er  la 
JioiaaVi  Carabridgi.'. 

Tan  I.  Tl.idlophyUi— Pteridc^hyta.  Pp.  sxuriil.,  179  :  17 
WoodcBls  and  11  Plates.  [With  Prefiice  byOr.  Woodward, 
Alphabetit^al  Index  of  Genera,  Species,  Ktc,  KxplooatlonB 
of  tiMj  PlatM,  Ac]  1894.  8vo.  I0». 
Port  II.  avinnoHpermw.  Pp.  viit..  259.  9  WoodouU  asd 
20  PIat«e.*  [With  AlphnWical  Index,  Explaaatioua  of  the 
Plales,  d.e.]     1BB6.  Pvo.  15». 


GUIDE-BOOKS. 

(To  be ohlaitu-tl  onlt/  at  the M»^tum.) 

t'Guide  to  the  British  MuMum  (XaUirsI  WMory), 
—  «d.  London,  S.W.  [By  W.  H.  Flow«r.]  With  2 
'H  of  tliP  bnildinp.  an<l  on  illustrated  TOv^^^,  Pp.  80. 
"1R95,'8to.  nrf. 
Guide  to  the  Gnllerics  of  MammnUa  {Mammalian,  Osteological, 
Olftcpan)  in  the  Departm<'iit  of  Zoology  of  the  British  Mascum 
(Nntiiral  History).  [Bv  A.  Gaulher.]  5th  Edition.  Pp.  126. 
57  Woodculs  and  2  Plans.  Index.  1891,  8vo.  6rf. 
Guide  to  the  Galleries  of  Bi'iitiles  and  Fishes  in  the  Department  of 
Zoology  of  the  British  Museum  (Natural  History).  [By  A. 
Gunther]  3rd  Kdition.  Pp.  iv.,  1 19.  101  Woodcuts  und  1 
Plan.     Index.     1893,  8vo.  6d. 

QuiAe  to  the  Sliell  iind  Starfish  Galleries  (Mollusca,  Echinoder- 
mata,  Vermes),  in  the  Department  of  Zoology  of  the  British 
Museum  (Natural  History).  [By  A.  Giinther.]  2nd  Edition. 
Pp.  iv.,  74.  51  Woodcuts  and  1  Plan.  1S88,  8vo.  4(/. 
A  Guide  to  the  Exhibition  Galleries  of  the  Department  of  Geology 
and  Palfeontology  in  the  British  Museum  (Natural  Hiatoryj, 
Cromwell  Road,  London,  SW.  [New  Edition.  By  Henry 
Woodward.]— 

Part    I.     Fossil    Mammals  and  Birds.     Pp.  xii,,    103.     119 
Woo-leut-  and  I  Pbn-      18iK>,  8vo.  (W. 

Fof^sii    Repliles,    Fishes,  and    InviTtobi'ates,     Pp. 


BRTTCSH  MUSEUM  (NATURAIi    HISTORY). 


19 


'Guide  to  the  Collection  of  Fossil  Fishes  in  the  Department  of 
G^logy  and  Palseontoiogj,  British  Mnseum  (Natural  History), 
Cromwell  Road,  South  Kensington.  [By  Henry  Woodward.] 
2nd  Edition.     I^.  61.     81  Woodcuts.     Index.     1888  8vo.  4rf. 

Gaide  to  Sowerby's  Models  of  British  Fungi  in  the  Department  of 
Botany,  British  Museum  (Natural  History).  Bv  Worthington 
G.  Smith,  F.L.S.  Pp.  82.  93  Woodcuts.  \Vith  Table  of 
Diagnostic  Characters  and  Index.     1893,  8vo.  4d. 

Ghiide  to  the  Briti.sh  Mycetozoa  exhibited  in  the  Department  of 
Botany,  British  iMuseuni  (Natural  History).  By  Arthur  Lister, 
F.L.S.     Pp.  42.     44  Woodcuts.     Index.     1895,  8vo.  Sd. 

A  Guide  to  the  Mineral  Gallery  of  the  British  Museum  (Natural 
History).     [By  L.  Fletcher.']     Pp  32.     Plan.      1895,  8vo.  Id. 

An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Minerals,  with  a  Guide  to  the 
Mineral  Gallery  of  the  British  Museum  (Natural  History), 
Cromwell  Koid,  S.W.  By  L.  Fletcher.  Pp.  120.  With 
numerous  Diagrams,  a  Plan  of  the  Mineral  (xallery,  and  an 
Index.     1895,  8vo.  6d. 

The  Student's  Indt^x  to  the  Collection  of  Minerals,  British  Museum 
(Natural  History).  [New  Edition.]  Pp.  ,S3.  With  a  Plan  of 
the  Mineral  Gallery.      1895,  8vo.  2d. 

An  Introduction  to  the  Studv  of  Meteorites,  ^vitll  a  List  of  the 
Meteorites  represented  in  the  Collection.  [By  L.  Fhteher.] 
Pp.  94.  [With  a  Plan  of  the  Mineral  Gallery,  and  an  Index  to 
the  Meteorites  represented  in  the  Collection.  |      1^1/4,  8vo.   6<Z. 

An  IntHKiuction  to  the  Study  of  Rocks.  [By  L.  Fletcher.^  Pp. 
118.  [With  plan  of  thr  Mineral  (iallery,  tahle  of  Contents, 
and  Index.  1      1^95,  8yo.  6^. 


W.   H.  FLOWKH, 

Din  ctor. 


British  Museum 

(Natural   History), 
Cromwell  Koad, 
London,  S.W. 

Dteemlier  1st,    is^.j. 


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