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PStz^ ^^O.S (-^j 



Cfou^fwitk the incomeof 

THE 

SUSAN A. E.MORSE FUND 

Estahlisfied hy 

William Ingus Morse 

JnA^emoty ofhifWife 




Harvard CollegeLibrary 




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I. KynpifiH'b. PaacKaat M, Api^htdaiaeea. OKOHHanie , 5 — 37 

2. KaK-b Mbl dopOJIMCb npOTMBl> padCTBa. HcTOpHHeCKie 

oiepKH H ^HHHUH BocnoMHHaHm JJ, 0. Kfiapna. 
XlepeBOA-L c-L anrjiificKaro C. IlacHHKOBa. Okoh- 

Hanie 38 — 76 

3. OfiopeaHHafl nepenMCKa. Ek, JlrbrnKoeoU. OKOHHanie. . 77 — 121 

4. CTaHMC/iaei fliuHduiueBCKiM. E. ffezena 122 — 146 

5. CoBpemeHHue ntei^u. OnepK-L. II. JKoofceeutmoea . . . 147 — 158 

6. HeptuieHHbifl npo6jieiibi 6ioiioriH. PasBHTie h nacji'hA- 
CTBCHHOCTB. I — III. B. B. JTyuKedUHa 159 — 205 

7. ^CoBpeiieHHbiM TMm>". PoMan-B if. Pumjiauda. Ilepe- 

BOAt CT> H-feMeuKaro 3. }KypaBCKofi. HpoAOJijKeHie. 206 — 237 

8. riMcaTe/ib-rpawAaHMHV C. A. Benzepoea, OKOHHanie. 238 — 264 

9. HywHO Am BospowAeHie ecTecTBeHHaro npaBa? H. R. 
Eaprbeea /. \ i — 15 

10. MapraHi^OBoe i^apcTBO A, Gnaeo-Rynot^Kazo ... 16 — 35 

11. M3T> AhmIm. JlioHeo 36 — 58 

12. HoBbifl khmpm: 

M. FopBKifi. Mtii^ane. GiieHiii b<b ;^oh'I^ Eeaci^MeHOsa. — H. C. 
Hex-B. PascFasu. — M. A. Il^eSHep'B. CeMta Il^uraHOBBix'B. Kap- 
THHKH saBO^CKoft acBSHsi. — CraHHCJiaB'B nmH6£zmeBCKiS. Homo 
sapiens Ha pacnyTbH. — Fexe. <l>aycTb. nepeBo;i;i> A. MaHOH- 
TOBa. — 9fliyapfl,i» fl,&yji,ewh. HcTopia <j)paHi;y3CKofi jniTepa- 
TypH. — ^lOpift BecejiOBCKifi. ApMancidfl hobtb CadaTB Ulax'B- 
A3HC1..— A. B. MesiepTb. PyccKaa cJiosecHOCTb cb XI no XIX 
CTOJi'i^Tm RKJioHisTejEbHO. — UnROjau BHrejibrap^TB. HcTopia 
pyccKofi jiHTepaTypM XDC CTOji-feTia. — EBrenift EodpoBi*. jIh- 
TepaTypa h npocB^u^enie b-b Poccin XIX b.— Ban'B-Miod- 
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nHiii;a. — A. KnpxeHreSM'B. B^'iHan yTonin. — Hobua khhfh, no- 
cTynHBHiia b-b peAaKi^K) 58 — ^I 

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EBponH» H «PyccKaH Mhcjii>» 3a ^HBapb, cJ^eBpajib 

H Mapn>^. i?. r, HodapcKazo 92 — 124 

14. JlMTeparypa m WMSHb. Eme MaxepiajiH AJisi 6iorpac{)iH 

r. H. VcneHCKaro. R. K, MuxaiXjioecKazo .... 124 — 146 

15. XpoHMKa BHyTpeHHeM WM3HM: I. IlaMHTH r. H. YcneH- 
cKaro. II. HpoAOBOJibCTBeHHaH KaMnani^ h BtcTH 

HSt Heyp05KafiHHXt MicTHOCTCH. Ho nOBO^y HSBi- 

ctIh o 6e3pa6oTHa'fe. — III. CMepxb B. 11. Ocxpo- 
ropcKaro, H. K. UlHjrbAepa h A. M. JlasapeB- 

CKarO. IV. AAMHHHCTpaTHBHHH MtpH OTHOCHTCJIbHO 

nenaTH. — 06ii3aTe7ibHoe nocTanoBJieHie KyTanccKaro 
ry6epHaTopa. — HpaBHTejibCTBeHHHH coo6ii;eHiH. B, A, 

MRKomuna ; . . . . 147 — 180 

16. flMCbMO Bi> peASKi^ifO H, RapaSHeecKazo 180 — 182 

17. flo noBOAY nMCbMa r. KapadneBCKaro. B, Mmomuna . 183 — 186 

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Bl loeXBt— Bi) 0Tji;'bji6HiH viOETOifK--HuKumcKiH eapoma, d, Fazapuna. 

Ilpu Henoepe^cmeeHHOM^ o6paui,euiu e% Koumopy imu e% omdfbAeuie, Aony- 
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He npHdaBiDHM'b ;];onjiaT'B b'b osnaHennue cpoKH BucujiKa 

»sypHajia npeKpaiii,aeTca. 

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o6iuecTBa, A^CTaejiiiioii^e noAnncRy, MoryrB jp,e]pxtiUB&Th sa rommhccIh) h nepe- 
-CfiutRy flfiKerb tojebro 40 Ron. Ch Ranij^aro roAOBoro dRseMnjiHpa. 

nOAHHCSa B% pa3Gpo?Ey OTl KHMHCHUXl IHaraSMHOBIi, OMOniBTBKli, SBMBKHXl CKfla- 
ABBl M BBTpBlillTBAbNUX'b fitOtBCTBli He npHHHMaeTCfl. 


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AaKuiefi H. K. MHxailJiOBCKaro h B. T. KopoJieHKO. B-b ;i;Byx'L 
nacT^xx. HacTb i-^. BEJIjIETPHCTHKA. Uina 2 py6. HacTt 2-h. 
nVBJIHlIHCTHKA. Uina i py6. 

C. A. Ah— CKill. 04EPKH HAPO^IHOH ^HTEPATYPBL IJ. 80 k. 

H. TapHH-B. 4'BTCTBO TEMH. Tpembe h3a. It. i p. 25 k. 

— rUMHASHCTBI. Hs/i;. wipem6e. I];, i p. 25 k.. 

— CTy;iEHTBi. n;. i p. 25 k. 

C. a. EjraaTLeBCKift. OHEPKH CHBHPH. Ha^. wjpem6e. U. i p. 

— 04EPKH H PA3CKA3BI. U. i p. 50 k. 

Bji. KopoJieHKO. OHEPKH h PA3CKA3tI. Kh. i-an. Hs^tanie 9c6>i- 
moe, IX. I p. 50 K. 

— OHEPKH H PA3CKA3LI. Kh. 2-a^. HsAanie nnmoe, 
IX. I p. 50 K. 

— BTj rOJIO/lHBIH r04T>. HsAanie Hemeepmoe. U. i p. 

— CJI-BHOfl MYSblKAHTb. H3;i;aHie eocbMoe, U. 75 k. 

H. K. (H. E. KyApHH'B). OHEPKH COBPEMEHHOH ^PAHHIH. 

U. 2 py6. 
JI. MeJiBrnHHt. Bt MIP-B OTBEP}KEHHHXt. 3anHCKH 6HBinaro 

KaxopHCHHKa. T. I. {Msdanie emopoe): B-l npe;i;;i;BepiH. Ulejia- 

CBCKin py;^HHK'I>. — T, IT, Oh TOBapHmaMH. Ko6HJiKa Bt nyxH. 

Cpe;iH conoK'L. Dnnjion,. Ltina Kanc^iaro Toma i p. 50 k. 

— nACHHKH }KH3HH. PascKasH. U. i py6. 

H. K. MHxalfcjiOBCidft. COHHHEHIil BT) IIIECTH TOMAXT>. Vac- 
uieBJieHHoe HSAanie 6ojibmoro (|)opMaTa, b-l ;^Ba cTOJi6ua, 
Bt 30 neHatHHxt jihctob-l KancAHft tomx, c^ nopmpemoMb 
asmopa, U.. 12 p. 

— JIHTEPATVPHH^ BOCnOMHHAHIil h COBPEMEHHA^ 
CMYTA. JlBa TOMa, no 2 py6jiH KajKAufi. 

A. 0. HeHKpoBCKit. HAIlACTb. noB-fecTb hs-l BpeMent xoJiepHoft 
ariHACMiH 1892 r. II. i p. 

C. H. H)«aJBOB'B. ;iBA>K4bI BOKPYFTb A3IH. HyTeBKH BnenaT- 
jiinm. U. I p. 50 K. 

n. a. CTHXOTBOPEHI^. T. I. HsAanie nemeepmoe. U. i py6. 

TOM-L II. D,. I p. 

IIoAnHCHHKH „PyccKaro BoraTCTBa", BHnHCHBaioiii,ie 3Th KHHrn, sa 

nepecHJiKy hc njiaTHTB. 

CK^A^I H3ilAHlfl: e'b C.-lleTeptiypt — nonmopa pedaKi^iu, yz, 

GnaccKoU u EacKoeoU yji,, 9. 1 — 9. 

e^ MocKBt — orndthJienie Konmopu, HuKumcmH eopoma, 9. Fa- 
zapuua. 


UiecTb TOMOBi. csH. H. K. MHXIlilllOBCKIirO. I|. 12 p. 

COAEPIKAHIE I T. 1) IIpeAncjiOBie. 2) ^to xaKoe nporpecci>? 3) TeopLi 
AapBHHA H o6ii;ecTBeHHafl HayRa. 4) AHajtoroHecRiil MeTo;(i> bi> oon^ecTBeHHol 
HayR^. 5) JJ^apEnHHsifB h onepexKH 0^({>eH6axa. 6) Bopi>6a sa HHAiiBH;^yaja>HOCTi». 
7) BojibHHij^a H no;i;Bn»cHHKn. 8) Hsi* jEHrepaxypHHrB n »ypHajii>H£iXT» san^TOKi 
1872 H 1873 rr. 

GOAEPMiAHIE II T. 1) TIpecTynjieHie n HaKasame. 2)repon nTOJina. 3) Ha- 
yHH£iH nncbifa. 4) IlaTOJiornHecKaA Marifl. 6) Eii;e o repoj9n>. 6) En^e o Tojini^. 
7) Ha Bi^HCRoS BcenipHofi BHCTaBR*]^. 8) lHarb jinTepaTypHi)ixi> h atypHajiLHiirB 
8aic^T0Ri> 1874 r. 9) YLz-b ;i^HeBHHRa n ixepenncRH HBana HenoMHan^aro. 

COAEPWAHIE Ml T. 1) ^huioco^la ncropiH Jlyz Bjiana. 2) Bhro h ero 
«HOBaH HayRa». 3) Hobejh HCTopnRi> eBpeficKaro Hapo;i;a. 4) Hto TaRoe cnacTbe? 
5) yTonia PeHana h Teopin asTOHOMUi juihhoctii JtiopoHra. 6) KpnTiiRa yrH- 
JHTapnsMa; 7) 3anHCRH Ilpo^aHa. 

COAEPHCAHIE lY T. 1) JKepTsa CTapofi pyccRofi BCTopin. 2) HAeajiHSMTi- 
HAOJDEonoRjtoHCTBo H peajmsiTB. 3) Cy3AaJ[I>^K[ h cy^tAs^^CKaa RpuTHRa. 4) jib- 
TepaTypHoil ;^iflTejn>H0CTH K). F. HCyROBCRaro. 5) Kapjii» MapRCB nepe^-B cy^^OMi* 
r. K). HCyROBCRaro. 6) B-b nepeMejKRy. 7) IlncBMa o npasp^'fe h HenpaB^i,']^. 8) JIh- 
TepaTypHHfl sanri^TRn 1878 r. 9) IlncbMa ri* yneHHirB jno;i;HirB. 10) HCnTeftcRifl h 
zyAOscecTBeHHUfl ap^^mli. 11) JEHTepaxypHUH saocl^TKn 1879 r. 12) JlnrepaTypHUfl 
saMtTKH 1880 r. 

COAEP}KAH[E Y T. 1) JKecTORift TaJtaHTs. 2) Tji. H. YcneHCKift. 3) me^- 
piEBTB. 4) Fepofi 6e3BpeMeHBfl. 5) H. B. IIIejiryHOBi>. 6) 3aii]iCRn coBpeMeHHHKa I. 

Hei^aBHCJHipA 06cT0flTeja>CTBa. U. IlHCeMCR0M1> H J^OCTOeBCKOM•B. III. HtHTO JIH- 

i^eM^pax-B. IV. nopHorpa^m. V. Mi^^Hue ji6h h BapeHMfl ^yniH. YI. Ilocjiy- 
maeifB yifHUXB j[io;i;eft. VII. Tpn MHsaHrpona. VIII. II^chb TopatecTByiomefl jih>6bm 
H HtcROjn>Ro MejoHcSi. IX. HCypnajtbHoe o6o8pi^Hie. X. Top^ecxBO r. II,ioHa 
^pe^a o6pa30BaHHocTii n npoi. XI. h^rotopbitb CTapux'B n hobuxi> He^opa- 
3yM^HiHxi». Xn. Bee ^panuyai* ra^HTB. Xm. CuepTt ^apBima. XIY. ;ii;0H0caxib 
XV. 3a6fciTaH aadyRa. XVI. raMjieTHSHpoBaHHue nopocflxa. 7) IIiicbHa nocTOpoH 
Hflro B-B pe;^aKi4io «OTeiecTBeHHHX'B SanncoR-B*. 

COAEPIKAHIE Yl T. 1) BojEBxep'B-HeJiOB^R'B h BojfBxep'B-MBicjinTejiB. 2) Fpa^'B 
EucMapK'B. 3) IIpeAncjiOBie R'b RHnr^ o6'b HBaH-]^ FposHOii'B. 4) HBaHrb IposHul 
Bi> pyccRoft jiHTepaTyp^. 5) IlajiRa o p^syxrB ROHi];ax'B. 6) PoHaHH^ecRaa ncTopui. 
7) IIojniTHHecRaii aROHOMia h o6iii;ecTBeHHafl HayRa. 8) Jl^HeBHUR'B ^niTaTejifl. 9)Cjiy- 
HafiHUfl saM^Rn n nncBMa o pasHturB pasHOCTiix'B. 

Jl^jia no;n;nHCTiHKOBt „PyccKaro BoraiCTBa", BMiCTO 12 p., ii;i&Ha 
9 py6. 6e3t nepecHjiKH. HepecHJOEKa 3a nxt c^eii nojiooictnnuMt 
njiameoteoMh — TOBapoMt 6ojiLmofi cKopocTH, nocHJiKOfi hjih saKasHofl 
6aHfl;epojiBio. 

H. K. MMXAti/IOBCKlii. JlHTepaTypnua BOcnoMHHaHiff h co- 
BpeMOHHaa cnyTa. Jl^ea TOMa, no 2 py6jiff Kaacjijufl. 

no;^nHC<iiiRH «PyccRaro 6oraTCTBa», BBiQncHBaioii^e axii ^ijBa Tona, sa 
nepecujiRy bx-b ne njiarHT'B 

1* 


K-b CB"bfl-feHiK> rr. noflnncHi/iKOB-b. 

1) KoHTopa pe^aKniiH ne OTBt^aeTi sa aKKypaTHyio fl;ocTaBKy 
atypHaja no a^flipecaM'L CTaHii;ifi acejifenHXt fl;opoFt, rfl;i h'^t'l noTro- 
BHXt yqpeawenift. 

2) no;i;nHcaBinieca na acypHajit repeal KHHacHHe MarasHHH — ci 
CBOHMH }Eaj[o6aMn na HeHcnpaBHocTL ^ocTaBKH, a xaE^e ct> 3aHBJie- 
HiflMH nepeMini a^ipeca djiaroBOJiflTt o6paiii;aTLca nenocpeACTBeHHO 
Bi KOHTopy pe^aKniH — llemep6ypvh, yz, GnaccKoU u BdCKo§pU yA., 
9. 1—9. 

ICmoofcuue Mazaaunu mojibKo nepedawrm nodnuenuH 
deubzu 6^ nonmopy pedanVfiu u ne npuHUMawm'b 

nunaKozo ynacmisi e^ dncneduVfiu ofcypnajia, 

« 

3) 3Kajio6H na HencnpaBHOctL fl;ocTaBKH, cooacHO o6'LflBjieHii) 
OTX Ho^TOBaro JI^enapTaMeHTa, nanpaBJiflioTca BtKOHTopy pe;[^;aK^iH 
He noaace, KaK-L no nojiy^eniH cjiifl;yK)iiiiefi khh3kkh acypnajia. 

4) npH 3affBJieHiaxt o nenojiy^eHiH khhsckh acypnajia, o nepe- 
Mint aji;peca h npn BHcujiKi ^onojiHHTejiLHHX'B bbhocobi no paa- 
cpo^Ki^ no;[i;nHCHofi njiaxH, Heo6xoAMMO npM/iararb nenaTHUM aApeci, no 
KQTopoMy BHCHJiaeTCff acypnajit b-l TeKyni;eM'L ro;a;y, hjih coo6iii;aTL 
ero JSS. 

He coo6Wfaiovjifie JW ceoezo nenamnazo adpeca sa- 
mpydnnwrm Haeedenie uyofcuuayb cnpaeom u amuM'b 
saMedjiRwrm ucnojinenie ceoux'h npocb&b» 

5) npH Ka3K;i;oMt saaBJieHiii o nepeMin^ a;i;peca Bt npe;i;'fejiax'B 
npoBHHii;iH CJi'fefliyeT'B npnjiaraTL 25 Kon. ho^toblimh MapKaMH. 

6) Hpn nepoM'J&Hi^ ropo;i;cKoro a;n;peca na HHoropoAHHfl ynjia^n- 
BaeTca 1 p.; npn nepeMtnt ace HHoropo;i;Haro na ropo;i;cKofl — 50 k. 

7) HepeMina adpeca ;i;oji3KHa 6htb nojiy^ena Bt KOHTopi He 
noawe 10 HMCJia HawAaro MtcflULa, ^to6h 6jinacafiniafl KHHra acypnajia 
6HJia HanpaBjieHa no noBOMy a;i;pecy. 

8) JlHi];a, odpamaiomiffCff ct pasnuMH sanpocaMH Bt KOHTopype- 
^aKii;iH HJIH Bi MocKOBCKoe 0T;n;^jieHie kohtoph,- 6jiaroBOJiaTi npn- 
aaraTB no^xoBHe 6jiaHKH hjih napKH ;[i;jia oTBixoBt. 

Ktd CBt»At»HiK) aoTopoBTD CTaxet^. 

1) Ha oTB-feTt pe;a;aKi];iH no noBo^y npncjiaHHofl CTaxBH, aTaoEce 
fla cjiy^afl. B03Bpani;eHia o6paTHo pyKonncH ;i;ojiacHH 6htb npnjio- 

aceHH MapKH. 

2) HenpMHflTbifi pyKonMCM, odpaTHas nepecMJiKa soxopHX'L He 6BUia 

onjia^ena, B03Bpani;aK)xcii saKasHofl 6aH;i;epoJiLio ct najioaceHHHM'L 
njiaxeacoMt cxohmocxh nepecLiJiKH. 

3) PyKonncH, ;a;ocxaBJieHHHK wh peji;aKi];iio ;n;o 1899 r. h ne 
BOCxpe6oBaHHLia o6paxHO ;i,o 1-ro H0fl6pfl 1900 r., yHMHTOweHU. 

4) Ho noBo;n;y nenpHHaxLixt cxHxoxBopeHifi pe;a;aKiiii«[ ne Bej^exi 
©•B aBxopaMH HHKaKOH nepenncKH, h xaKia cxHxoxBopeHia yHMHTowaiOTCii. 


K y n p I H H I. 

(PascKasTj). 


IX. 


Be^ep'L 6uji'h TeMHHiJ, BiTpenHHS h tockjie[Bh0. 

KynpiaH'B thxo nocBHCTHBajii> h norjiH/iiHBaji'B BBepxi>, ^e- 
pes-B oropoAt, no ph5khm'b nycTHM-L rpaAKaMi> KOToparo BHjiacb 
npoTOHTaHHaH Aopo^Ka ao Bopon> co ABopa. OTCioAa KynpiflHy 
6HJia BHAHa KpHina h36h, TCMEHii 6epecTi> noAi> neio. Bi> 
mejiKy n.TieTHH MejibKaJii) oroneK'b hsI) OKHa h to nc^edajrby to 
noaKnaJicH onaTb. Kto-to ^BHrajica no naOi. 

^ymnnaTb cofinpaioT'b", cooCpaanji'b Kynpiani n TOCKJiHBoe 

HyBCTBO 6e3npiK)TH0CTH H OAHHOHeCTBa CK0JIb3HyJI0 y Hero B'b 

rpy^H. 

EMy BApyri) ocoCenno CTajio o6h;iho, ^to oh-b ji^ojimewh 
^A^Tb MaTpeny na oropo^'fe, na BtTpy n ji,omji,% a Eropi> IIIh- 
6SLeBi> CHAHTb Ha JiaBKi, cnoKofiHO mjierh y^KHHa h bo bchkoc 
BpeMH MomeTi> CA^JiaTb Cb 6a6oa, hto noH^ejiacTi). PeBHOCTb 
Bce CHJibHie oBJiantBajia Aymoti KynpiiiHa. EMy acHO npejt- 

CTaBHJIOCb, CB KaKHMB HOKOpHHM'b JlEU^OWb MaTpeHa CMOTpHTB 

Tenepb na My^Ka, roTOBaa CesnpeKocjioBHO noA'^HHHTbCfl eny 
H jiJi^ noSoeBB, H AJia JiacKH. H Kynpiany AaJibme CTajioy^te 
AyMaTbca, HTO oHa bobcc hc TaKB 6ohtch Eropa, a MomeTB, h 
caMa He npo^^ub paaBHsaTbca c'h ehmb, KynpiaHOMB, h onaTb 
nojiH)6HTb Myma, 6jiaro totb 3;^opoBHtt, KpacHBHfl, ^a eme h 
yHTepB, coJiAaTB, hto BctMB 6a6aMi> npaBHTCH. 

yAymjiHBHK cnasMB cxBaTHJiB Kynpiana sa ropjio. 

JIhii;o y nero HCKpHBHJiocb bb sjiyro h HeecTecTBeHHyio 
ycMimKy. KyapiaHB mnpoKO paacTaBUJi'b Horn, ynepca cuHHoa 
B'b xoJiOAHHii CTBOJiB ocHHH H, HyBCTBya, KaKB MypafflKH npo- 
6'braK)T'b y nero no cnnni, saKpHJiB rjiaaa n, caMB Toro ne 
BEMi^aa, rpoMKO npoHBHecb: 

— HsBicTHo — 6a6a... hmb Bce oaho!.. 


6 PyCOKOH BOrATOTBO. 

BiTep'L myM-fejii) bT) BepxymKaxi> ochh'b, h oHi Bce Oojibine 
TeMH-fejiH. JSjdLjihmsi coBcfeM'B cjiHJiHCb Bt ojiMy TeMHyio Ka^aio- 
myioca Maccy. OroHeKi> Bt HaOi ciaji'B ap^e, OjiHCTaJi'B b^l 
lufijih njieTHfl, KaK^B SBiaAOHKa, h nepecTajiB MHraTb, 

— CiJiH, — noAyMajii> KynpiaH'L... 

Horn y nero hhjih, hjichh chjibho aafijiH, h secb oh'b 
CTaji'B flpo^aTb KpynHofi Apo^bD npn Ka5KflOMi> nopHBi B^Tpa. 
Ho OH-B Bce CToaji'B H He CBOAHJiT) cb oroHbKa mnpoKO pacKpH- 
THXTb rjiaBB. OtI) 9Toro rjiaaa y Hero CTajiH cjiesHTbCii, h oro- 

HeK-B flBOHTbCJI, BHTflrHSaTbCH H HyCKaTb OCTpHa 30JI0TH5I CTpi- 
JIOHKH. 

B^pyrb OH'L noTyxi>. 
KynpiaHi) BSApornyji'b. 

— JlerjiH, — noAyMaji'b oh'b.— Ceiinacb BHKAeTB... AniOTKa 
CKaaaJia, KaKi> totb HopTi> yroMOHHTca!.. 

Ci) BTRWh nocji'feAHHM'B cji0B0Mi> nepe^B KynpianoM'B MejibK- 
Hyjia oTBpaTHTejibHaa KapTHna. 

— Ohb, mepe6ei^i>-T0, bb cojiAaTaxi) ckojibko BpeMenn Ohui'b... 
eMy jiecTHo! A efi see ohho! — noAyMaJii) KynpiHH'b h noBeJi'b 
HJienaMH, tohho ohh y nero sanHJiH. 

HyBCTBO peBHHBOa, XOJIOAHOii 3JI06h ABHHyjIOCb BB HeM-b H 

npHJiHJio K-b rojioB'fe, TaKB HTO Ha ceKyH^y y nero noTOMHtjio 
Bi) rjiaaaxi). 

H BMicTi cb peBHocTbK) H 3Jio6oii K^b Eropy IIlHCaeBy, b-b 
Aymt y nero ciajia moBeJiHTbca h rjiyfioKaa HenaBHCTb Kb 
Maipent, KOTopan y^e ne Kasajiacb eMy HecnacTHoK. 

KynpiflHi) ch^jib inanKy h onaTb nsiji'hjrh, Bce ne mkvbsl 
rjia^H Ha TeMHyio Tenepb H36y. CTeMH^jio y^e nacTOJibKo, ^to 
H36a, nji^seHb h Oepecrb cjiHJiHCb b-b oflny HenpoHHn;aeMyH) 
TeMHyio Maccy. 

BApyri) HTo-To CMyTHo 3a6'feji'fejio b-b TeMHorfe na AopornKt, 
MejibKHyjio H TO^HO pacTaajio. 

y Kynpiana CTyKnyjio bt> cepAi^i h ohi> BecB BHTanyjiCii 
BnepeA'B. Bcfe ^yBCTBa cpa3y BHJieTijiH y nero h3i> tojiobh h 
TaM-B ocTajiocb OAHO omymenie ne to pa^ocTHaro, ne to nyrjiH- 
Baro omHAaniH. 

B^fejioe naTHo 3aMaa^HJio Ojih^ko h \ffCH'6e h 6HCTpo bhtji- 

HyJIOCb B-b flJIHHHHfl H TOHKlfl CHJiy3T'b ^eHCKOK ^HPypH, 3a- 

KyTaHHOfl c'h rojioBofi bt* CoJibmoa njiaTOK'b. 

MaTpena, ToponjiHBO h ne orji^AHBaHCb, mjia no AopomKife. 
KynpiHH'b BHABHHyjicH eii na BCTpi^y. 

— Th?— cnpocHJia ona TaKB thxo, hto Kynpian-b ejie pa3- 
cjmmaji'b. 

— fl... KOMy-^B eme... — copBaBniHMca rojiocoM'b OTBiTHJi-b 
KynpiaH'B. 

Ha Heii 6hjib 6ojiBnio2 nJiaTOKi), KOTopHft ona y noAOopo^Ka 


KynpiaHi. 7 

nonAepacHBajia cnpaTaHHHMH pynaMH TdiKb, hto bh^hh 6hjih 
TOJiLKO 6poBH H 6ojibiiiie 6ofl3JiHBHe rjiasa. 

06a Moji^ajiH. 

06a ^yBCTBOsaJiH CTpaHHyio nejioBKOCTb OTh Toro, ^iro uemjiy 
HHMH jierjio no^BJieHie Eropa. KynpiHHi> npHTBopno paBHojiyniHo 
nocBHCTHBajii), TJisijisi no CTopbHaM'b H 3aJio5KitB'b pyKH B-B Kap- 
Manti; aoHaB'BHep'feinHMOCTHHenoABHJKHO CTOHjia npoTHBii Hero 
H rjMA'feJia n3i>-noA'B luiaTKa nuTJiHBO h ne^aJibHo. 

— Hmb, xenepb coBciM'b... He to... — MejibKajio b^l rojioBi 
KynpiiiHa. 

A MaTpeni 6hjio 6ojibHO, "h o6HAHa 6HJia ePi Tanaa BCTp-fe^a, 

nOTOMy HTO RBM'hWh UpOTHB'B JIK)60BHHKa OHa Ce6a BHHOBaTOft 

He CHHTajia. 

— Hy, ^rro-acb... 3;i;paBCTByliTe, KynpiHH'b BacHJibeBH^'b, — 
THXo BHroBopHJia ona, HaKOHen;!). 

— SApaBCTByiiTe... — npo6opMOTajrb Kynpiae'B. 

Maipena noMOJi^ajia. Hotom'b npioTKpHJia jihi^o h BHHOBaTO 
yjiH6Hyjiacb. 

— ^To-HCL TaKi)? — cKaaajia ona. 

Kynpiaffb nocMOTptJi'b Ha Hee, OT^aaHHO TpHXHycECb bojio- 
caMii H o6xBaTHJii> ee oetHMH pyKaMH. Ona BHupocTajia cboh 
pyKH H3'b-noA'b njiaiKa h o6Hajia ero. Ha nei! CBepx^B io6kh 
6HJia OAHa py6axa h orb rojiofl[ ea rpyAH naxnyjio na Kynpiana 

ropa^3[HMI> H BJia5KHHIO) BOSflyXOM-B. 

HiCKOJIbKO MHHyTB OHH CTOaJIH TSiKh MOJI^a H TH5KeJI0 AHHia. 

Ho He6y rnajiHCL pasopBanHHHa o6jiaKa, cb nyrb bhahhmh npo- 

CB^TaMH. B^TepB nOAXBaTHBaJIB nopHBaMH H npHHOCHJTb CB 

6oJioTa AOJirift cTonymif! 3ByKB cyxoro TpocTHHKa h 3BeH<ainiie 

BCnJieCKH BOAH. 

— CiiAeMB, KynpH, — Apo^aiiiiHMB tojiocomb npomenTajia 
MaTpena. 

He^aJieKO otb ochhh yHHJio nepntjia nojiypasBajiHBinaacji 
KOima MOKparo cfena. Ohh npomjin Ty^a, nyxaacb HoraMH oahhb 
3a flpyroro, h onycTHJiHCb bb npijiyio TpaBy. BixepB myMtjiB 
H myMito. 

— Mwh nopa, Kynp^a, — mennyjia Maxpena cnycxii nojinaca. 

— ^ero xaMB... 

— XBaXHXCa... 60K)Cb... 

KynpiaHB cpasy ocxhjib h onaxb y Hero, KaKB ^ane^a, no- 
xeMHtJio BB rjia3axB. 

— Hy, H HAH... — p'fe3K0 CKasajiBOHB, oxoABKraacb oxb nee. 
Maxpena nocMOxp'fejia na Hero h He nieBejiHJiacB. 

— Cepnaemi)? — cnpocHJia opa. 

— Hy, Hxo xaMB cep^axb... hsb^cxho — Mym'B,— saKycHB'B 
ry6y, npo6opMOTajiB KynpiaHB. 

— Ha pasBi a... 


8 PyOCKOB BOrATOTBO. 

— J\di BHaeM'B mh! — rpyOo, h caMt ne snaa hto h no^eMjr 
roBopHTT), CKaaaji'B KynpiHH'B. 

— Hto SHaeniB? — cnpocHJia MaTpena, hbI) rojioct y nee no- 
cjiHinajiHCb cjiesH h o6HAa. 

KynpiaH'B npoMOJiHaji'B h rjiHA'feJi'B b-l CTopoHy, 

— Hy, ^T0-5Ki) TH uojummhy Kynpn? A, Kynpn... 

■ — Ha... noftAH TH Ki> ^opTy! — iipopBajica Kynpian-L h BciaJi'L. 
MaTpena Tome BCTajia h, BaBepnyBniHCb b-l njiaTOK'B, CMOTpiJia 
Ha Hero. 

BtTep-B myM'feji'L. 

— 3a ^n'o-m'B TH? — cnpocHJia oHa. 

, Kynpiany xot^jiocb CKasaTb eft ^to HHfiyAb 3Jioe h ofiHAHoe, 

HO OWb He BHaJTB HTO H MOJnaJTB. 

MaTpena thxo npoT^nyjia H3i)-noA'B njiaiKa pyny h BSHJia 
ero 3a pynaBi). 

KynpiHHi> rpyCo BHpBajica. 

— Jlja Hy Te6a!.. Bet bh... — ohx rpyCo h CKBepno BHpy- 
rajica. 

H TOT^acB eMy acajib cTaJio MaTpeny h 3Jio bbsjio na ce6a. 
MaTpena onycTHJia pyny h 3anjiaKajia. 

— PasBt-afb H... BOJieft? — CHpocHJia ona. 

Kynpiany 6hjio CKBepno, Taatejio n cth^ho, no pennocTb 
3arjiymajia B-b neMi* Bcb nyBCTBa, h noTOMy on-b rpyCo, 3HaH, 
HTo roBopHTi* HenpaB^y^ CKasaji'b: 

— He xoT-fejia-OH, TaK-b ne nomjia-6'b.. 

MaTpena CKB03b cjie3H ci> neAoyMinieM-b nocMOTpijia na nero. 

— KaKi* Mce?.. 

— JSfl. TaKi), — ynpHMo oTBiHaji-b Kynpiaffb, — ne^ero Tyrb... 
hah!.. 

— Offb ^e Myacb Mni, Kynpa, a pasB'fe-ac'b a... 

— nomjia, yCnpaftca! — 3JIo6ho KpHKnyji-b Kynpian-b h hoa- 
naji-b pyKy ciy c^KaTHM-b KyjiaKOMi*. 

MaTpena nyrJiuBO nocTopoHHJiacb h BQa cpasy^ cbe^njiacb, 
CTaB'b H MeHbme, n Tonbme. 

— He 6eft... — ncnyranno nporoBopnjia ona. 

Kynpiany xorfejiocb ee y^apHTb, ^to6h A^Tb bhxoai> 5Kry- 
^eMy ^yBCTBy pesHocTH, AymnnmeMy ero. 

— Hah... — xpnnjio nporoBopHJiT) omb, noABnraacb K'bneft. 
MaTpena hhcthhkthbho noAnajia jioKOTb n-b ypoBenb ciy jih- 

HOM-b, no OT'b 9Toro ABH^enia Kynpiana tohho npopBajio. 

— HacKyAa! — npoxpHnij!!) on-b h TOJiKnyji-b ee. 
MaTpena KopoTKo h sKajiofino oxnyjia h nomaTnyjiacb. riJiaTOK'b 

cjiOTiji'b y nea Cb tojiobh h AJinnnHa kocmh BOJiocb, MHroM'b noA- 
XBa^enHHa BtTpoM'b, ynajiH eft nonepeKi* jiHii;a. 

— Tpfe-b BaM-b, Kynpian'b BacHJibOBH^'b,— CKa3ajia ona, no- 
AHMaa njiaTOKi), — anaMi)... BcerAa... a TOMy a ne npHHHnna... 


KynpiflHi. y 

H OHa onsTb aanjiaKajia. 

KynpiaHy (jrajio My^HTCJibHO cthaho h ^ajiKO ee. 

— Hto TaMi>... — npoSopMOTajit oh'b. 

MaTpeHa nepecTajia luiaKaTb h yiepjia rjiaaa yrojiKOM'B njiaTKa. 

— Kynpa... — yMOJiaiome nosBajia ona. 

Ho KynpinH-B onaTb BcnoMHHJi'B, ^rro see paBHO Bce KOH^eno 
H Eropy OHa ne ceroAHa-saBipa AOJiacna Ohtb ^oho^,. h oh'b 
onaTb noHyBCTBOBajn> npHJiHB'B peBHHBOfi sjioCh h 6e3HaAe»tHaro 
HyBCTBa. 

— Hero — Kynpn?... Ciynafi k'b CBoeMy mepeOqy!.. 

— Kyn... 

— CTynafi, CTynafl, — CTHcnyB'B 3y6Br, nporoBopHjn> KynpiaH'B 

H CB HOBHM'B UpHJIHBOM'B 3JI06h CXBaTHJTB 60 3a TOHKia H Xy- 

jxusi njie^H, npHKpHTHa oahhm'b njiaTKOM-B, rpyfio noBepnyji'L 
ee H TOJiKHyji'B... 

MaTpena nyib ne ynajia, 3anjiaKajia h nomjia no ^^opoacKt. 

KynpiaH'b Mpa^Ho CMOxp'feji'b eVi BCJii^i'L. 

Ona ocTaHOBHJiacb h o6epHyjiacb. KynpiiiH'b MOjnajTb. 

— KynpinH-L BacHJibOBHH'b!— no3Bajia ona. 
KynpiflH'b ne OTB'fe^aji'b h bco fiji'feAH'fe^'b. 

. — Kynpii! — rpoMHo CKa3ajia ona. 
KynpiiiH'b ne nieBeJiHJica. 

Ona nocTOfljia en];e. 3a B'feTpoM'b He cjiHniHO Chjio, ' 3Bajia jih 
OHa ero onaTb. noTOM-b ona nonijia BBepx'b thxo h neptnin- 

TOJIbHO, H ea CHJiy9T'b CTaJTb CJIHBaTbCa CT> TeMHOIO^. 

— MoTpa!---He BHjiepmaji'b Kynpran'b. 

Ho OHa He cjinmajia h HCHe3Jia, tohho pacTaajia b'b TyMani. 

B-feTepTb myM'feji'b ocnnaMH h acnie 6ujrh cjiHmen'b ctohi> 
TpocTHHKa H BCXJiHnHBaHia BOAH. Ho He6y 6HCTpo necjiHCb 
Tj^H yace cnjioniHofi Maccoft, h nepBHH KanjiH jiomjisi Taatejio 
mjiennyjiHCb na MOKpna rpaAKH. 

Ky npiani) cToajib, pa3CTaBHB'b hoph, rjiy6oKo BacynyB-b pyKH 
B'b KapnaHH, h Bce rjiaA^JTb na TeMHHtt cnjiyarb h36h, 3a6opa 
H Ka^aion];aroca no B^Tpy 6epecTa. Bo ABopt 3ajiaajia co6aKa 
H 3aM0Ji"qajia. JJfimjih Bce ycHJiHBajica h xbMa BOKpyr^b cryni;a- 
jiacb Bce fiojibme. J^ajibnia ziepoBba BApyr'b cpasy yTonyjiH B'b 
TeMHort 3a nojioroMi) xjibCHyBmaro ao^kah. Tojibko 6jiH5KHaa 
ocHHa Chjiji BHAHa, TOCKJiHBaa H omiinaHHaa, oT^aanno MOTaB- 
niaa no Biipy cbohmh KopaBHMH ofijiOMKaMH-BiTKaMH. 

KynpiaHb BCTpaxnyjica, nocMOTp'feji'b eni;e pa3'b nasaA'b h 
nomeji'b no oropoAaM-b, yBasaa b-b rpa3ii. 


10 PyCOKOB BOrATOTBO. 


X. 

Bt> OKH'fe h3(5h QeAopa ryHasaro ^yTb-^yTb MepeinHjicii 
cptrb CKB03b KaKin-TO ipanKH, HaBtmaHHua na okho. 

KynpiaH-L nocTynajii). 

B-B HaOi KTO-TO BameBejiHjiCH, t^hb npoMejibKHyjia b'b OKH'fe 
H nocjiHmajica CTyK-b OTBopaeMoii ABepn. 

— Kto TaMTi? — cnpocHJTb H3TE> cfeHelt FynaBHii. 

— CboH, — OTB'feTHJi'b KynpiHH'b, — OTBopaft... 

— Cn^acB. 

Sanopi) B3BH3rHyji'b h ^Bepb ocfejia Ha3aA'B na nepoBHHX'b 
neTJiax-b. Kyiipiana ofiAaJio sanaxoM-b npijiofi cojiomh, KypHHaro 
noMeTa h j^HMa. KypH sameBejiHJiHCb h 3axjionajiH rAi-TO B'B 

TeMHOTt. II'feTyX'b COHHO H npOTamsO HKHyjII). 

KynpiaHB npomeJi-B B'B H36y. rynaBHft, no^ecHBaa rpyAB, 
nocMOTpiji'B Ha He6o, saTBopHJii* ABepB h Bomeji'B 3a hhm'b, 
s-feBaa H KpecTa poTB. 

— A-axTb, TocnoAH, Borne Moft... Hto no3AHO? 

BacBKa, cnaBniiJtt na JiaBKi noA'B KoatyxoMB, TpeBOJKHo noA- 
HajTB BCKJiOKoneHHyio rojioBy, ho, paBCMOTpiBB Kynpiana, onaTB 
onyctHJi'B ee na Koacyx'B. 

KynpiaHi>, ne cn'fenia, cnaJi'B KapTysB, canorH h ctjiB na 
jiaBKy. 

FyHaBBE^ Toate npncfejiB y hkoh'b. B'b oAHnx-B necTpaAHH- 
HBixB mraHax'B, fiocofl, b-b cfepofl TOJicToii py6axt cb pa3Ba3aH- 

HHM'B BOpOTOM-B, CKB03B KOTOpHfl BHAH'fejiaCB TGMHaa BOJIOCaiaa 

rpyAB, OHT) Ka3ajica eus,e AJiHHH-fee h Tome. OhT) no^ecaJi-B ceGi 
rpyAB H cnHHy, KaniJianyji'B h nonypHJica. 

BacBKa rjiaA^JiB hsb-hoa'b Ko^Kyxa. 

B'B H3(5'fe Chjio tbmho, rpasHO h AyniHO. Ha nojiaiaxi) h na 
no,Tiy noA'B KomyxaMH h poromKaMH cnajiH A/feTH FyHaBaro, na 
Bcfe JiaAH noCBHCTHBaa HOcaMH. TapaKaHH CirajiH no cTinaM'B 

H TiHH HX'B fitraJIH 3a HHMH. 3a ne^KOK OAH006pa3HO CEHpi- 

crhjTB CBepnoK'B, H cjiBcniHo 6hjio, KaKB BiTepB pBajii* MOKpyio 

COJIOMy CB KpHHIH. 

KynpiaHB cha^jib MOJina. 

— Momerhy tcTB xoneniB?— cupocHJi'B rynaBHfi. . 
KynpiaH-B nexoTa KannyjiB rojioBOtt. 

— He... 

FyHflBHia no^ecaJi'B rpyAB KopaBHMH najiBi];aMH, noAynaji'B 
H HaxMypHJi'B CBOH HaBHcmia 6pOBH. 

— BHA'feJi'B MaTpeny-TO? — nnrJinBO cnpocuji'B BacBKa, npn- 
noAHaBi* roJioBy. 

— BHA'feJI'B. 


KynpiHHi. 11 

— HT0-5K'b? 

— 'HH^ero, — HeoxoTHO OTB'feTHJi'b KynpiHH'B. 

— Hto TaKTE)? — rjiyxo ckbobb ycH cnpocHJi'L TyEHBHlt. 

— Jljai HTo... 

KynpiaH'B Maxnyjii) pyKOfi. 

— ^'fejio e^, 6a6H-To, njioxoe! — nporoBopHjnb FyBaBuH h 
BSAoxHyji'L, nomeBaBT> 6e33y6HM'b ptom'b. 

— JIa ym-L, KOHeHHo... ne mc^'b! — OTosBajicfl BacLKa. 
KynpiflH-B npoMOJmajii). 

— 9Th, Kynpn... Bor-B-TO bhahtb,— npoCopMoxaJi'B ryaaBtifi. 
KynpiHHi> Barji^nyji'L na nero h noTynnjica. 

— H HTO-act... 

BacbKa ycMtxHyjica npeneCpemHTejibHo. 

— Hto oh-b ee chjikomi>, ^to jih, Tamnjit? CaMa mjia... 
FyHHBHft HacynHJicH. 

— ToHce, ^att, Kajia^oM'B MaHHib ne npninjiocb... Cana anajia, 
r^'fe cjiaAKo! — sacMtajicH BacbKa. 

FyHHBHfi BB^OXHyJTb. 

— A Bce Kynpt — rpix-b... IIoTOMy 6a6a hto? Ba6a Aypa, 
a owh Toro... 6a6y b^l rpix'b BBeJi-b... eMy h rpix-b-To! 

KynpiflHi) noTynnjica eme fiojibme. 

— SaJiaAHJTb: rp-fexi*! — npeapHTe-iibHO oTOBBajica BacbKa. — 
SflaeM-B MH... 

— A BOTh H He 3Haemb... 
BacbKa exHAHO aacM-feajica. 

— JIomaAefl KpaAeEHX-b cCHBaib, Aa KOHOKpaAOB'B yKpHBaTb 
Tome, ^aii, rpix-b?.. 

FyH^BH^ noMOJi^aji'L. 

— To ocoCb A^Jio, — cnoKoltHO BospaaHJi-b ohi>: — JiomaAb — 
5KHB0THaa, a to 6a6a... 

— Hy H 6a6a tojkc oco6b A'feJio, — XHXBucHya'b BacbKa. — Ha 
TO OH-fe H C03AaHH, 3HaHirrb... H nx^b 3HaK)... Y nacb na (j[)a6- 
pHKt, HTO A'^B^eHK^ HH nocTynHrb, y^K'b a Toro... H no 3Tofl[ 
^acTH xoAOKi);... 

— Bx-B... 3aB0ACKaa TBoa Aynia, nponamaa! — yKopH3HeHHO 
upovyjxhjTh CKB03b ycH TyHiiBHi! h, noBepnyBniHCb K-b Kynpiaey, 
CKa3ajn>: 

^ — Th 6a(5y-TO Cpocb... UoinajiHJi'B, caTany norfemHJi'B — 
6pocb! BaCbeT-b b^ab Erop-B 6a6y-TO... , 

— H ^TO-SK'b... — Hep-feniHTejibHO npoCopMOTaji-b KynpiHH'b. 

— noHTO-SK-B cMymaemb 6a6y?— CTporo ciipocHJi'bryHHBHfl. 

— JIfl. SI.,. 

— McnopTHji'b 6a6y... coji^aTKy.. 
BacbKa aaxHXHKaji'b. 

— TaKOJtt yacb eft npeA'feJi'b nojiomen'b, noTony coJiAaTKa. 
CojiAaTK'fe caM'B Bori) seji'feji'B... 


12 pyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

— Bor'L?— npespHTejibHO nepecnpocHJi'L ryHHBHfi: — th 1*0, 
3aBo;iCKii^, Bora nomiMaTb Momemb? 

— Hy, ^att, H TH He fiojibme Moero cmhcjihti, B-b Borfe-To! 

— H TO cMHCJiio. A BH Ho^TO daOT) CMymaexe... CMyxbaHH 

npOKJIilTH... 

ryHHBHfi 3aKamJIHJICa H yMOJIK'b. nOTOMI> OH-b BCTajI'b H, 

mapKaa Oochmh HoraMH, nojiis'b na nenb. 

Bee yTHXJio. Cfiep^OK-b Bepemajix, no CTtnaM'b c^b TuxsLWh 
mejiecTOM'b npoBopeo OirajiH TapaKaHH. 

KynpiflH'b aoJiro CHA'feJi'b y CTOJia, cB'fecHB'b roJiOBy h neM-b- 
TO syMan. 

— Bacb... a, Bacb... — no3BaJi'b OH-b. 
BacbKa He OTBinajTb. 

— BacbKa! — rpoM^e nosBajH) KynpiaHTb. 

— Hero? — coHHO OTosBajica BacbKa. 

— H Toro... — cMymeHHO saroBopiiJi'b KynpinHTb, — roBopHT^, 
rocno^a, emejm uysR^b, BHaHHT-b, ajibfio Hcena... 

KynpiHH'b nyTajicH, My^nxejibHO noAHCKHBaa Bb4)a5KeHiH. 
-Hy? 

— TaKTE) Moryrb, BHaHHT-b, paBBOA'b... a TaM-b onarb sue- 

HHTbCa Ha KOM-b xomb... 

— TaKT) TO rocnoAa! — OTOBBajica BacbKa. 

— Ay MyrnHKOBi) HOJibBa? — cnpocHJi'b KynpiflBi) HeyBtpen- 

HHM'b rOJIOCOMl*. 

— Oho, MOSKex-b, no aaKony h Momno, TOJibKo, CKaBHBaiox'b, 
oneHHo iiener'b mhofo nazio... 

— KoMy? — yAHBHtJiCH KynpiKH-b. 

— KoMy?.. nonaMT), HBBicxHo!— ycM-fexnyjiCH BacbKa. 

— A MHoro? 

— ^a ym-b y xeGn ne HaiiAexcH. FocnoAa h xi ne Bch 
uoryTh... 

— SnaHHTb, HOJibBa? — ynaBniHM'b rojiocoM-b cnpocHJii) Ky- 
npinn-b. ^ 

— HsB-fecxHO. 

Ciy noHH nocjmmajica xpHnjralJ rojiocb TyHaBaro: 

— Bni;e nero saxorfejib! 

— A no saKOHy-m'b mo^ho .. 

— TaK-b TO no saKOHy! — BOBpasHJi'b BacbKa, BCxpiixnyB'b 

FOJIOBOtt. 

KynpiHH'b nocHA'feJTb eni;e, noMOJiHajii), noxoM-b xamejio bbaox- 
EyjTh H cxajii) yKJiaAHBaxbCH na jiaBKy. 

TapaKaHH Oirajin, TyHaBHfi KpaxxtJi'b na ne^m, CBep'qoK'b 
Bepemaji-b HcnyraHHo h o/nHOofipaBHo. 

BoB^yxi) B-b H36'fe cxaHOBHJica Bce ryn];e n Tame^Ati otl 

CKy^eHHHX'b B-b XiCHOXi JITOJieii, ^HBOXHHX'b H OT-b MOKpOJtt 

o;^e5KAH. 


KynpiaHi^. 13 


XL 

Okojio BOJiocTHoro npasjiema CToaJia TpoiiKa hohtoshxI) jio- 
mSijiePL, noTpaxHBaa rojiosaMH h nepeaBaHHBaa Cyfien^HKaMH. 

HpitxaJIH HCnpaBHHK'B H CTanOBOft JIOBHTB KOHOKpaAOB'B, 

cjiyxH HaxajiLEHxi) noxosKAemaxi) KOTopbixi> aohijih, Hepea-B 
nocpe^cTBO raseiTb, ao ryCepnaTopa. 

ryfiepnaTop'B 6ujny noBHJtt h neoiiHTHHft neJiOBtKi), a no- 
TOMy jifkjio noKaaajiocb eMy bi* TaKoii cepbesHOtt (|)opM'fe, ito 
OH'B BBBOjiHOBajicH H Bi) TOTij-jKe jiQEh jxdijTh npeflnHcame o ne- 
MejiJieHHOfi noHMK-fe KonoKpaAOB'b. 

HCnpaBHHK'B, CTapHK ' cjiy mantra na ai'oa AOJimnocTH, BejiH- 
jcojiiuHo BHaji'L H paHbHie Kpa5Kax'b JiomaAeft h CBoeBpeMeHHO 
npHHHMaJi'B MipH, T. e. A'feJiaji'b cooTBiTCTByrontia npeAHHcaHiH 
CTanoBHM'b, a rh npenpoBomAajiH hx'b ypaAHnKaM-B. Ho oco- 
CeHHO HHKTO He CesnoKOHJicfl, noTOMy ^ito JiomaAeil KpajiH tojibko 

KpeCTbHHCKHX1> H 9T0 BCfeMH C^iHTaJIOCb 3a o6HHHOe H HeH3- 

dtmHoe 3JI0. ytsAHoe HanajibCTBO ^yMajio, hto Bci nysKHKH — 

nOHeMHO^Ky KOHOKpaAH, H nOTOMy GMOXpijIO CKB03b naJIbUiH. 

H Tenepb oho, btj jiHi^t HcnpaBHHKa, cxanoBHX'b h yp^A- 
.HHKOBTb, fiesnoKOHjiocb 6ojibme o to^homI) BKnojineniH ryOep- 
HaTopcKaro npeAnHcaHia, niM'b o A^^cTBHTejibHofi noHMKt ko- 

HOKpaZlOB-b. 

HCnpaBHHK'B CHA'fejI'b B'b BOJIOCTHOM'b HpaBJieHm H TOJIKO- 

BSLjTb CO CTanoBHM'b TOM-b, KaK'b-6H ycxpoHTb TaK'b, htoOh 
nepernaTb KonoKpaAOB'b B'b ApyroK yisA'b h xaKHM'b 06- 
pasoM'b cGbPTb Hx'b cii men 6e3'b ocodHX-b xjionoTb. P'fenieHO 
•dbtno na^axb oSjiaBy no A^pnoBCKOMy Ji'hcy, KoiopHfii iipHMH- 
KajTb K'b rpaHHEcfe y^hsj^B, h B'b KOTopoM-b, KaK-b AOHecb yp^A- 
SHK-b, yMOJiHaBmiit Bcxpi^'fe ciy KynpmnoM'b, bha^h ofioHX-b 

KOHOKpaAOBX. 

— Ol];'fenHM'b MH JliCb Cl> XpeX'b CTOpOH'b m H BHmMCM'b 

Hx'b B'b CnaccKia j'hsjx'bl — p'feniHJi'b HCnpaBHHK'B. 

B'b npeAHHcaniH ryfiepnaTopa 6ujrh eme nynKT'b o5'B otkphtIh, 
6jne B03MomHo, yKpHBaxeJiea, ho o6iy btowe HCnpaBHHK'B AaJKe 
He saroBapHBaji'b, noTony hto 3Haji'b oKon^aTejibHyio hcbosmosk- 
HocTb 8T0 CA^JiaTb cpeAH MymHKOB'b, CoaBniHXCH KonoKpaAOB'b 
nyniie nopxa. 

HoKa cofinpajiacb oGdiaBa, jj^Jin Koxopofi cronajincb MysKHKH 
He TOjibKo AepnoBCKie, ho h AByx'b cocfeAHHX'b ceji'b, TapacoBKH 
H PafioBKH, HCnpaBHHK'B ox'b He^ero A'feJiaxb Kypnji'b nannpocy 
H paaroBapHBaji-b KapxoHnofi nrp'fe co cxanoBHM'B npncxaBOM-b, 
TyHHHM'b H padHM-b ^ejiOB'^KOM'b cb CojibHiHMH ycaMH. 

TojiCTHfil HHcapb HcaeB-b, KaK'b dyAXO cxaBniift noxoHbnie, 


14 PyCOKOB BOrATCTBO. 

UHXTH H UOThsi, TepCfl BOBJlt Ha"^aJIbCTBa H nOMHHyTHO BHCJEta- 

KHBaJi-L Ha KpHJibi];o, BHCMaipHBaa oCjiaBy. ypHAHHKa ne Chjio: 
owb ycKaKajTb co cTapmnHOfi bi> TapacoBKy 3a napoAOM-B, xoxa 
3T0 6buio HBjiHinHe H Morjio CAiJiaTBca CesTb ero jiHHnaro npa- 
cycTBia. Ho oh'b ycepACTBOBaji-B bi* BHji;y npncyTCTBia na^ajib- 

CTBa. 

Tojina, MejKAy TiM-B, y^Ke coGpajiacb y noHapnaro capaa h 
rjiyxo inyM-fejia. HepnoBCKie MymHKH Bct 6hjih b'b cGopi. Bhjih 
paHbme npnOHBinie pa6oBCKie My^tHKH, KOTopHe h CToajiH CBoelt 
Tojino^, He cMimHsaacb cl AepnoBCKHMH. 

He CMOTpa na to, ^to ny^HKH CAepmHBajiHCb, onacaacb 
nporfffeBHTb HanajibCTBo, ctoh-l cToajiTb B'b BOSAyxt h npepH- 
Bajica HHor^a xpnnjioft h KpHKJiHBOia Opanbio, Koropaa, Bnpo- 
^eM'b, celiHaci)-5Ke cMOJiKajia. 

B'b Tojint ii;apHJio ne to CTpaninoe, ne to nenpiaTHoe na- 

- CTpoenie. XoTa Bci npeKpacHo noHHManH, ^to oCjiana h 

iiOHMKa KOHOKpa^oB'b Heo6xoAHMa H A'feJiaeTca AJia Hxi)-5Ke 

nOJIbSH, MyaCHKH He CO^yBCTBOBaJIH 9T0My A'fetJiy. Cl) OAHOJtt CTO- 

poHH, OHH 6oajiHCb KpacHaro niTyxa B'b bha* MecTH KOHOKpa- 

AOB-b, a Cb ApyrOfl — ne B'fepHJIH B'b B03M05KHOCTb HX-b HOHMKH. 

ToTi> caMHfi CTOJiap-b CeMen-b, KOTopHfi Bcxp'feTHJi'b Kynpiana 
H roBopHJTb Cb HHM'b, HOTOMy ^TTO 6ujrb BHnHBmH, a nOTOM:B 
CHA'fejrb no pacnopasKeHilo nncapa B'b xojioAHOii, cHHTajii CBOHMTb 
AOJiroM-b BHmyHHBaTb h ofijiaBy, h nanajibCTBO, B'b ocoGenHocTH 
HHcapa. 

— KaK'b-me, HSJioBHinb! — exHAHO Kpn^aji'b oni* bhcokhm'b h 
P'feBKHM'b rojiocoM'b, — ^opTa Cb ABa! H ne Tame jiobhjih, ASt 
pyKH KopoTKH... Ham'b TOJicTonysHii-TO pasB-fe hbjiobht'b... 

BjiH3b croamie saciyrfeajiHCb. Ho BHCOKift z tojicthS MyatHK'b, 
OAHH'b H3'b 6oraT'feeB'b cejia, GoAop'b CTenanoB'b, ocaAHJi'b CeMeea. 

— H;to, nycTexa, Gpeinemb, — npe3pHTejibH0 cKasaji-b OH-b,. 
CToa dOKOM't K-b CeMeny, — napoA'b coMymaenib... Cmotph th... 

CeMeH-b CK0H(|)y3HJica, 

— H ^to, a HH^ero, a TOJibKO, hto... htoOh noTOM-b ne njia- 
KaTbca... EoSiMaTb ne nofiMaeM'b, a TOjibKO ocep^iaioTB Aa eme 
noAoajiaT'b... TorAa hto? — cb lopmecTBOM'b 3aK0HHHJi'b OH'b, yme 
HacTynaa Ha GoAopa CTenaHOBa. 

— A HTO-m'b, — npespHTejibHO cnpocHJi'b GoAop^b, — TaK'b iixt> 
H ocTaBHTb? HycTb jiomaAOK'b yBOAaT-b?.. TaK'b, hto-jih?.. 

— CeMeny-TO HH^ero! OH'b ne o6'feAHaeT'b, — CKaaaJi'b HacM'fem- 

JIHBO BHCOKia My^HKl), KaCbaH'b PH5Kitt. 

Bcfe 3acMiajiHCb naATb CeneHOM'b. 

CeMCHb odHA'feJica h pa303JiHJica. HacKaKHBaa na Kacbana 
PH5Karo, ^yTb ne co cjiioHofl y pTa, OH'b 3aKpH^aji'b: 

— Mojnaji'b-6H ymiy jiynnie... Y caMoro oKpoMa KpaAenofi 
AyrH HH^ero H'feT'b, a xome... 


KynpiflHi*. 15 

— Kto yKpaji'B-To, tu BETA'feJi'B?— yrpoataiomie no;iBHHyjicfl k-l 
HCMy PH5Kia. — KaKan ayra? 

— A TO H'feT'L... 

— H4tl, th cKa^KH: EHziiJii)? — JifeB-L Ha Hero PHmift. 
CeMeHT) cTpycHJi'B, noTOMy ^to KacbHH'B BHmijtt Chji-l B^ijBoe 

CHJibHie ero, a CeMen'b Boo6ni,e 6ujrh uymRKb xoth sajiopHHfi:, 

HO TpyCJIHBHfi. 

— OlCTaHb... TH... 

— BpocL, — npeapHTejibHO nocoBtTOBajit Kacbany QeAop-B 
CTenaHOB'B, — nycTexa, H3B'fecTHo!.. 

^ — H'fcTB, nycTb OHTb CKaHceT-b, — ne yHHMajica Ph^kI^, najii- 
3aa cb KyjiaKaMH na oKOHHaxejibHO CTpycHBmaro CeMena. 

— Bpocb, roBopro! — noBTopHJi-B ©eAopii. 

Ho CeMeH-b, OTpeTHpoBaBmncb B^b TOJiny, onaTb ciaji-b Kpn- 
HaTb: 

— A no MocMy TaKoe Atjio: cbohmi* cyAOM'b, SHa^HT'b. 

— To ecTb, KaK-b? 

— JSfi TaK-b... hto6h ApyrHM-b ne nonaz^Ho, BsaTb ^a ko- 
jioM'b-.. BO... no CamK-fe! 

— H, rptxi* 6aenib! — OTOSBaJiCH o^inn-b iiBi> MymHKOB'b, na- 
"^eT^HK-b H xaHHca, PoManHK-b HnKHTa, TOHeHbKHM'b h Hcnyran- 

HHM-b rOJIOCKOM'b. 

— A HTO Ha EiaiTh CMOTptTb? 

— IlycToe roBopnnib... 

Ho Bi) TOJiH'fe saroBopHJiH CHanajia He CM'fejio, a noTOM-b Bce 
rpoM^e H BosCysKAeHH'fefl: rh MymaKH, y KOTopHX'b nponajiH Jio- 

lEiaAH H KOTOpHe n03T0My 6b[JIH 3JIH Ha KOHOKpaAOBI). * 

— H-feTI)... ^TO-^K-b, OHI) A'fejIO rOBOpHT'b.,. ^TTO Ha HHXI) CMO- 
Tp'feTb?.. 

— B-b Kyjib, Aa B-b Boziy, — Mpa^Ho cKaaaji-b ojiE.wb Hs-b ^- 
5KHX'b TapacoBCKHX'b My^HKOB-b, BHCOKija H cypoBHfi Ky3Heii;'b, 

Ch ^epHNM-b KOpaBHM-b JIHI^OM-b. 

— HsB'fecTHO, — sarajiAiJia TOJina: — aTO,^rro-ace aio... HHKa- 

KOli B03M0mH0CTH... pa330p'b!.. 

— Hy, HTO, My^HKH, TOJiKyeie? — MJirKHM-b h cohhhm'B ro- 
jiocowb B03pa5Kaji'b nocji'feAHifJ iiponoftma h 6'feAHaK'b bT) ceji'b, 
GoMa BojioTo, 6ocoil, orpoMHHfi h nbanbiit My^cHK-b cb nyxjioK 
AoOpoAyniHOfi pomeft. 

— TaKoe A'feJio hnxoottb... Ajih ^A^Tb, noKOJieBa Bcfex-b 
jiomaAefi yBeAyT-b?— npaqno cnpocHJii) TapacoBCKifi Ky3Hem'b. 

— Sa^tM-b HCAaTb? — ;io6poAyniHO B03pa3HJi'b nbflHenbKifi 
0oMa, — a TOJibKO diiTb 3a^'feM'b? Dymaia jKHByi-b... — h ohi> nax- 

nyjTb pyKOft Cly laKHM-b AOOPHMT) H nbilHHM'b BHAOMT), ^to bo- 

Kpyrx 3acM'feajiHCb. 

3a TO, ^to6h He A'feJiaTb KOHOKpaAaM-b HH^ero Aypnoro iio- 
MHMo oSjiaBH, CTo^ji-b eme HnKHTa PoMaHHK'b, Aa MosiiBHiJt 


16 PyCOKOB BOrATCTBO. 

KOTopHfi cjie3JiHB0 noflMaprHBaji'B noACJiinoBaTtiMH rjiasKaMH, 
HO fiojibme Moji^ajn). Bhjiii h eiu,e laKie, hto coBtTOBajiH ocia- 

BHTb 3aMHCeJIl) nOKOH^HTb CB KOHOKpaAaMH CBOHM'B CyAOM'B, 
HO 60JIbniHHCTB0 KpH^aJIO, ^TO TaKl* RWb H HaAO. 

— CoOaKi — coCaHba h cMepTb! 

Ho HHKTO He ynoMHHajTb npeACTOHmeK ofijiaBi, noTOMy 

■^TO HHKTO B-b HGO HO B'fepHJI'B H CMOTpijI'b Ha Hee, KaK'b Ha 

nycToe a^jio, BaxiaHHoe no npnxoTH HanajibCTBa. 

Mem^y T^M-b noAonijiH tojhiok) My^cHKH hs-b TapacoBKH h 
npiixaji'b CTapmHHa ciy ypaAHHKOM'b, IlHcapb AOJiornHji-b hc- 
npaBHHKy, hto oOjiaBa roTOBa. HcnpaBHHK'b, ne nepecTaBan pa^- 
roBapHBaTb cb npHCTaBOM-b, naA'feJi'b ninnejib h mauKy; To-^e 
CA'feJiaji'b H npHCTaBB, h Bch BMicTi bhhijih na Kpujibuio. 

KaK'b TOJibKO Hx-b yBHAiJiH, manKH oj^na 3a Apyroii dHCTpo 
HcnesjiH H oGnamnjiH cothh ph^khxb, ^epHHX'b, cfeAHXi*, njrfe- 

niHBbCX'b, JIOXMaTHX'b H HHHX'b TOJIOB-b. IIIyM'b CHCTpO SaTHX^b 
H BC'fe Cb H'feKOTOpHM'b CTpaXOMB BCKOJIHXHyjIHCb, HaABHHyjIHCb 
Ha BOJIOCTb H CTaJIH. 

HcnpaBHHK'b CO cTanoBHM'b cfejiH B'b 6pH^Ky, CTapniHHa c^h 
ypHAHHROM-b B'b iipyryio, sanpa^eHHyio napott. Hncapb, oCjia- 
HHBmHCb B'b na.]ibTo h Cojibnioit KapTys-b na BaTfe, B3Mocthjich 
Ha S'feroBHH Apo^KH c% ero coficTBeHHOfi tojictoA pHmea ko6h- 
Jiott, B03Ji'fe KOTopofi nyraJicH gajiHfi ^eped^noK'b. 

TpofiKa HcnpaBHHKa ABHHyjiacb, noBBHKHBaa KOJioKOJibHH- 
KOM'b, 3a BBti. TponyjiHCb ocTajibHHH noABOAbc, a c3aAH nosa- 
jmjia cbpan Macca snnynoB'b h Jianieii, H3p'feAKa nepeMinian- 
HHX'b orpoMHHMH cauoraMH. Mnorie Hs-b MyrnHKOB-b raKB h 
mJiH 6e3'b manoK-b. 

Bca TOJina noBajiHJia, KaK'b ciaAo, pasMiniHBaa rycTyro rpH3b, 
no Aopor-fe K'b Ji'fecy. 


XH. 

B'b AepoBH-fe ocTajiHCb o^enb HCMHorie, a B'b TOM'b ^HCJit 
nbiiHHii eoMa BojioTo, y KOToparo yinepjia B'b BTorb A^Hb sKena, 
H Mo3flBHt!, noTHxoHbKy yjiH3HyBmifi[ no saAaM'b aomoS. 

GoMa, noniaTHBaacb, nonieji'b K'b nony AoroBapHsaTbca o no- 
xopoHax'b, a MosiiBHit npoOpajicn, Bce no saAaM'b, K'b xart 0e- 
AOpa FyHHBaro, KOTopbc^ tojko ne noniejrb B'b ofijiaBy h Aaate ne 
xoAHJi'b Ha cxoAKy K'b BOJiocTHOMy npaBJieniio. 

On-b CHA'fedi'b Ha o6py6K'fe A^peBa, nocpeAH ABopa h 6ojib- 
niHM'b TonopoM-b Tocaji'b noAnopKH. YBHA'feB'b Mo3HBaro, OH'b 
HacynHJi'b cboh rycTHa 6poBH, BOTKHyji-b Tonop'b B'b SpeBso n 
BCTaji'b, Bajio^HB'b najibn;H 3a Teceno^Ky, KOTopoft OHJiob noA- 
noacaH'b. 


Kynpianx. 17 

— HeBo TH? — cnpocHJii) owb HenpHBixJiHso. 
MoBflBHilt saMoprajii) cjie3aiii,HMHca rjiasKaMH. 

— H TOrO, 3Ha'IHT1>.., 

— HeBO? 

— Hto KaK-B Tenepb MyacH^KH pimzjiH, laK-B h ynpej^Hrt, 

ryaaBHil nacynHJicH enije 6ojn>nie, noAosf HTeJihHo yoTaBHJiCH 
Ha MoBHBaro h eme cypoBte nporyA'iJi'B: 

— Th Hac^erb nero? 

— HtO'Clt, BHa^HTi), Kynpiana... Kynpio, to ecTJb, ynpe^HTb, — 
npoJienexaji-B MoaaBHfi, Koxopufi no^eMy-TO 6oHJica FyHaBaro h 
BcerAa xepajicH b-b ero npHcyrcTBm. 

TjEHBuA noMOjnaji'B, ^to-to cooCpasHJi'B h CKaaajrb MHrne: 

— My^KHHKH, rOBOpHHIB, p-feniKJIH? MipOM-B, ^TO-JIH? 

— Bo-Bo, — o(3pa/i;oBajiCH o6oApeHHHfl: MoBHBHit. 

— HacnerB Kynpmna? 

— Ero caMaro... Hto6h, sna^iiT'B, e^ejiH na^ajiBCTBo He 

TOBO, TaK^b TF06U CBiMRWb, BHa^HTB. 

ryEaBHfl" CTSUTb cepbeseHi), HacynHJica h noKanaJi'B ro- 

JIOBOfl. 

— Hmb TH, BOTb jx^jio KaKoe!.. TaK'B... A kto? He Eropt? 

— He... CeMeH-B CTOJiiip-B, on^Tb-^e PHSKilt h Apyrie npo- 
"^e, KOTopHe... 

— TaK'B, TaK'B... YnpeAHTB Haao. 

ryn^BHft noMOjiHajii), ctoh bo BecB pocTB h aajioacHB'B pyKH 
3a noacoK'B. MoaaBHtt HepiniHTejiLHO MHjrh manKy h ho SHaji-B 
yflTH eMy hjik ocTaBaTBca. 

— YniJiH yjKB? — cnpocHji'B TjHsiButi, 

— C-B nacB BpeMeHH GyAerB. 

— To-T.:), caM-B cjiBiinajiT>, CyATO cTaAO nomjio, — nacMim- 
JIHBO nporyA'feJi'B FyHiiBHfl. 

— liAeMi), "^TO-jiB, — jio6aBHJi'B owh H nomeji'B, TBepAo CTy- 
naa orpoMHHMH JianTHMH, b^b H36y. MosHBBrfi sacfeMenHJi'B sa 
nHM-B, npoAOJiacaa Heii;aAH0 mjitb cbok) manKy. 

BacBKa H KynpmH'B cha'^jih b-b HsS'fe na jiaBKt. Ha cTOJii 
cTOHJia noHTH nojiHaa CyTHjiKa boakh h Biuienan pH6a bT) A^pe- 
BflHHOfi HamK-fe. 

KynpiaHi) Chji'b CKy^en-B, noTony hto AyMaJi'B o MaxpeH'fe 
H eMy CTHAHO 61JJ10 CBoero o(3paiii,emH cb neio. 

— HSB'feCTHO, He CBOett 0X0T0B[, — AyMaJi'B OHl), — a a BOHTb 

HTo... eft H TaK'B ropBKo, a TyTT) h a pasoOHA'feji'B! H "qTO oho 
CO MHO]a noA'feeiiajiocB, tohho Borij yM'B oTHaji'B? 

BpeMH OT-B BpeMeHH owh HajiHBaji'B BOAKy B'B cTaKan^mfB 
TOJicTaro CTeKJia h MeAJieHHO onpoKHAHBaji'B ero B'B poT'B. H 
^'tM'B 6oJibnie HHJi'B, T'bM'B cTanoBHJicH cKy^H-fee H MpaHH'fee. 

BacBKa Chji'b TpesB'B h TpycHJiT). Oh'b ho mofb cnoKofino 
X 4. OTA-fejii. I. 2 


18 pyOOKOB BOrATCTBO. 

ycHji'feTb Ha MicTi, Bce npHCJiyniHBajiCH h cy/^opoMCHo hoth- 
pajiT) xyAHa KOjitHH. 

ryHHBHtt H MoBflBHK BOHiJiH B'B H36y, nepcRpecTHJiHCb Ha 
HKOHH, MosHBuH ocTajicH y ABcpefi, a GeAopx chjrb na JiaBKy, 
noAJio5KHBT> noAT> cefia pyKH. 

— CaAHCb, — MOTHyJTB OH-B rOJ10BOfi[ M03HB0My. 

MosaBHfit BBAOxnyji'B, noMopraji'B rjiasKaMii h cfcrh y ca- 
MNX-B ABepefi. 

— CjiHnib, KynpH, — aaroBopnjrb FyHHBHfi, tohho hbT) 6o^- 
KH, — BOT-B OH-b cKaBHBaji-b, HTO BHmjio MipoMij ptmeme, ^to6h 

CBOHMI) CyAOM-L... 

BacbKa noaejieH'feJi'B. 

— KaK-b TaK-b? — npojiencTaji'b OH'b. 
KynpiaH'b uojXH.siJih rojioBy. 

— Bpyi-b, coGaKH, — Mpa^Ho h MeAJieHHO nporoBopHJi'b OH'b, — 
a HM'b He GaTbKa AaJiCH... pyKH KopoTKH. 

ryHHBbca noKa^aji-b rojiOBO^. 

— Hy, dparb, y Mipa pyKH ajihhhhh, a th Jiyqme nocjiy- 
niafi, ^TO a Tefii cKamy: nepenajiH b-b tot'b yfesA'B. ByAa Tyx-b, 
nomajiHJiH h 6yjieTh. A to nepaBHO... 

KynpLHH'b paacep^aHJica. 

— ^TO HepaBHo? He HM'b, cHBOJianbCM'b, na Mena pyKH na- 
ji05KHTb. KoJiH emejiH hto, a HM'b TaKoro oroHbKa noAnymy, 
HTO Hy!.. 

Mo3aBH2 HcnyraHHO nepeKpecTHJica. 

— HsB-fecTHO, — noAA^pJKaji'b, npioOoAPHBHiHCb, BacbKa, — Hmb 
pacxpa6pHJiHCb, JianoTHHKH! Y nacb 9To ^hbo... 

— MojiHH, majiHK, — npeapHTejibHo oGopBaji-b rynaBH^. — Th, 
Kynpa, KaK'b snaenib, a Moa coB'feT'b: yxoAH oT'b. rptoa... He- 
paBHo! — npoAOJimaji'b OH'b. 

KynpiaHi) Maxnyji'b pyKoit. 

— TaM-b BHz^Ho OyAerb,— CKasaji'b OH'b. — Boakh, Ji^ji^y xo- 
^emb? — cnpocHJiTb OH'b y Mosanaro. 

MosaBHft CTbEAJiHBO ycM'fexHyjica, ocKjiafijiaa 5KejiTHe ko- 
peniKH ayfioBi). 

— IleK, — CKaaaji'b Kynpianb, — h a bkhbio... Fyjiaro, JiRJisil 
Ohh bhhhjih. MosaBHfi, iiojiomnB'b manKy noA'b MHHiKy, 

ocTopo5KHo craji'b KojiynaTb KopaBbCMH najibii;aMH cyxyK) pH6y, 
a KynpiaH'b bhhhji'b em,e CTaKan^HK'b h aaxM'feji'feji'b. Eny xo- 
T'fejiocb HHTb, hto6h 3a6HTb MaTpBHy H yrnniHTb ^yncTBO pes- 
HOCTH H cTHAa, KOTopoe He AaBaJio eMy noKoio. 

— A H'feT'b-JiH, A^AyniKa, boakh euj;e? — cnpocHJi'b OH'b. 

— By;ieT'b TeC'fe, — ycMijxHyjica TynaBHt!.^ 

— Tyjiaxb xoHy... Aafl bo;ikh... 

— H'feTy boakh h nocJiaTb neKoro — Bcfe pe6aTa paBC-bTKa- 

JIHCb. 


KynpiflHt. 19 

KynpiflH'B noMOJi^aji'B, cB'bcHBT> rojiosy. 

— Hy, BrfeTL, TaK5> nirb... BacbKa, HAeMi> 3a BOOTofi... 

MoB^BUfl SaXHXHKaJI'b. 

— IIpaBO noHji^euTyy — nacTaHBaji'L KynpiaHT), — botb h asijih 
nofiAOT'L... Iloii/iemb, a^a^? 

MoaaBHfl: nepecTyuHJiii cb hofh na Hory. 

— Hy, H JiaAHo... liolijiewb, BacbKa... 

BacbKa noAyMaji-b, ^to ecjiH ne ho^th, to, ^ero Ao6paro, 
KynpinHi) cbubana HaTBopirr'B h ne TaKHX-b rjiynocTefl, a ecjiH 
notoH, TO M05KH0 6yjxeTi> noTOMi) H yroBopHTb ero y^paTb 113% 
<5eJia, Kiy TOMy-^e BacbKa, ysHaBi), ^rro oCjiasa h nanajibCTBO 
yniJiH, nepecTajrb TpycHTb h Kh neny Bepnyjiocb Bce ero na- 

Xa,JIbCTBO. 

— HTO-JK-b, notinewh, — ocKJiaOnjica OH-b. 

Ge/iiop'b ryHHBHft noKa^ajii) rojioBO^, ho HEraero He CKasaJiT). 


XIIL 

OkOJIO BHHHOK JiaBKH CHAtjIO HeJIOB'feK'b HHTb MymHKOB'b, 

<5TapHK0B'b, He roAHBniHxca bte> o6JiaBy. CT) hhmh Custl h 
EropT) IIlHdaeB'b, KOTopHli nocToaHHO Tenepb Topnaji-b y „moho- 
noJibKH". ^OMa eMy ne cHA'feJiocb, na MaTpeny OH'b ne Morb 
CMOTptTb 6e3i> 3jio6h h comajiiHia CBOHX-b Me^Taxi), a BHA'b 
MajieHbKaro OeAbKH npHBOAHJi'b ero bt^ eimencTBO. IIoBTOMy 
OH-b Kaa«AHfi AeHb 3a BcaKift nycTaK-b CHJi'b meny, a noTOM^b 
yxoAHJi-b H HanHBajiCH ubflHT). 

Ki) o6JiaB'fe owh He npHMKHyjiiD, noTOMy hto Oohjich, KaK'b-6H 

MymHKH He CTaJIH CM'fe^TbCil HaA'b HHMI), HTO OH-b, MOJI-b, HO- 

meJTh weHHHaro xaxajia jiobhtb. 

Tenepb OH-b, yme AOCTaTO^HO bhuhbhui, pa3CKa3HBaji'b CTa- 
pHKaMTb npo IlHTep'b. 

— HeymjiH H ii;apii BHAaJi-b? — cnpamHBaji'b ero JibcceHbKift 
<5KopHaK'b BHTioroB'b, oHeHb JiiDGonHTHHa H pasroBopHHBHfl ^e- 

JIOB'feK'b. 

— BoTb KaKTb Te6H, MHJiHJtt HejiOBtei)! — cb nbHHoft Bam- 

HOCTbK) OTBi^aJIT) EropT) niHSaeBT) H TOJIbKO-^TO XOT'fejI'b ^TO-TO 

pa3CKa3aTb, KaKTb K'b jiaBKi noAoniJiH KynpiiiHi), Mo3aBHtt h 
BacbKa. 

KynpiiiH'b ne snaji-b Eropa, a IIlHCaeB'b ne BHaji-b Kynpiana, 
^a,Kb HTO OHH He o6paTHJiH Apyrij na Apyra HHKaKoro BHHMaHiH. 

3a TO BacbKa h Mos^bh^ ontmiijiH. 

— Hnib Tb[, — noAynajii) BacbKa, — BjionajiHCb, KajKHCb. 
Mo3HBbctt cTpycHJi-b, cTajiT) MopraTb rjiasaMH z HcnyraHHo 

orji^AHBaTbCii. 


20 PyCCKOB BOrATOTBO. 

MymHKH-5Ke hhckojilko ne yAHBHJiHCb, yBHAiBi) KynpiHHa: 

OHH TSiKh H AyMOJIH, ^TO OWb COBC'feM'B HC TaM-B, TJlfk BTO JIO- 

BiiTb HanajibCTBO. Ho hhkto hb-b ehx^b He CKaaaji'B hh cjioBa, 

— CTapH^KaMB no^Tenie, — Becejio CKasaji'L BacbKa. 
MysKHKH cTeneHHo nojXEsijm inanKH. 

— BoAO^KOi! Cajiyeiecb? — npoAOJimaji'b BacbKa, coo6paaKaHy 
HTO He HaAO AaBaTb hmb BpeMenn CKaaaib hto-jih6o Eropy. 

— CaMTE), ^a]^, BHAHmb, — nenpHBiraHBO oTBtTHJi'b Erop^b 
IIlHfiaeB'b. — TaKB Borb, CpaTba moh, KorAa ctoajih mh na Ka- 
payjit BO ABopii;*... 

— Bt> CaMOMB ABOpitt? — HSyMHJICa BHTJOrOB'b H OTb BOCXH- 

menia noTopi* jiaAOHbio cbok) JiHCHHy, BcnoTiBmyio otb bhith- 

TOK BOAKH. 

— Bb caMOMBj — Ba5KH0 noATsepAHJi'b Erop-b IIlHCaeB'b. 
MosaBHitt AepnyjiB Kynpiana aa pyKaBl». 

— Kynpa, a Kynpa... 

— ^ero TeOt? 

— noiaAOM-b... 

— KyAa? ^ero? 
Mos^BHfi noMiiJiaa. 

. — EropB Tyrb, — npoCopMOTajiB owh, Tpyc^Bo Mopran 
rjiasKaMH-. 

KynpiaHB noOJi'feAH'feji'b, a hotomb rycTO noKpacHiji'b h 
BEHJica rjiaaaMH bb Eropa. FyOH y nero saApo^ajiH. CHanajia 
offb ^yTb 6hjio He OpocHjica Ha IIlHCaeBa h y^ce c^aji-b Ky- 
jiaKH, HO noTOMB CAepmajica, KpHBo ycMibxHyjicH h, nepeBajiH- 
Baacb, noAomejiB kb Eropy. 

— 3ApaBCTByfiTe, — HacMiniJiHBO CKasajiB ohb, — JnoConbcrHO 
nocjiyHiaTb npo ABopeuB. 

BacbKa noHecajiB saTbiJioK'b, 

— Hy, 6yjj,eTh Kama! — nofliyMaji-b ohb. 

MoaaBHft coBcfeMTb CTpycHjiB H co6pajica AaTb TJiry. 

— CaAHCb, cjiymaf!, kojih ne myTHmb, — Ba^cHO oTBtTHji'b' 
Kynprnny ]IlH6aeB'b. 

KynpiHHa Bcero nepoAeprHBajio. Ohb noKycHBajt-b ycH h 
6HCTp6 norjiHAHBaji'b no CToponaMB. 

— Hero niyTHTb, — CKaaajii) oht>, caA-JTCb TaKB Cjihbko kt> 
Eropy, HTO TO'rb^oJimeH'b6HJi'b noABHHyTbca,— mh myiHTb ne ynt- 
ewh, 9T0 Bame A'feJio niyTHTb, cojiAaTCKoe... 

EropB IIlHOaeB'b neAoyMijio nocMOTp'feji'b na Kynpiana. 

— Hero ropoAHHib? — cTporo cnpocHJii) owh. 

— J],a a TaKB, — norjiHAHBaa no CToponaM'b, cKB03b 3y6H 
OTB'feTHJi'b KynpiaHB, — roBopro, bh, cojiAaTH-TO, niyTHHKH, a mh 
cfepne My5KHKH... 

— J[si TH uhsiwb, HTO-jib? — HaxMypHBniHCb, aaM^THJi-b EropB- 
IllHCaeB'b. 


KynpiJiHTB. 21 

— KoJiH H HbiiHi), TaKT> He Ha TBOH fleHbrH, cojijiaTi>! — rpy6a 
OTBiiTHJi'L KynpiaH'B. 

Erop-L ninOaeB'b nocMOTp-fejii) na Bcix'B h no hx'B JiHmaMi> 
saM'feTHJi'L, HTO zitjio HC cnpocTa. Oh'b BHHMaTejiBHte npHrjia- 
AtjEca KT> KynpiiiHy h BcnoMHHjrb ero Jimj^o, xoth h He bha^jtb 
ero MHoro jifeit. 

OffB noGarpoB'feji'b h r.iia3a y Hero c^ijiajiHCb KpyrjiHe. 

— Th... ^ero jiiaemb? — npofiopMOTajii* ohi>, c^aB-B cboh 
orpoMHHe KyjiaKH. 

KynpiaH-L 6HCTpo HcnoAJioCba nocMorptJi'B Ha Hero. 

— A Toro... — aaAopno oth'^thjib oh'b. 

Erop'B IIlHCaeB'b noMOJi^aji-B, Bce Oojiie CarpoBia. 

— Hy, MHJieHBKie, ocTaBB... nero TyrB, — BMimajica Bhtio- 
roB-B, Bi> CMyni;eHiH noTHpaa JiHCHHy. 

BacBKa, CB CBoeft cTopoHH, oTTepB Hjie^aMH Kynpiana. 

— Hy, TH, coji^aTB, ne cepAHCB... jionHemb, — naxajiBHo 3a- 
MiTHJTB OHB Eropy. 

Erop'B BBrjianyjiB na Hero MyrnHMH rjiaaaMH, oahhm-b tojti- 
KOMi> oTmsHpHyji-B ero bi> CTopony h cb noAHainMH KyjiaKaMH 
CpocHJica Ha Kynpiana. 

— CtoA... cTotoe, HepTH! — saKpHnajiH My^HKH. 
KynpiaHTb yBepnyjica ot-b yAapa h BApyi"^ KopoTKO, no 

CTpaniHo CHJiBHo pasMaxnyBniHCB, yAapHJi'B Eropa no Jimsj 
KyjiaKOM-B. 

— 9xT>\ — 3jio(3ho KpaKHyjii* BacBKa. 

Erop'B IIInGaeB'B sajiHJica kpobbk), xjiHayBmeii y nero hb-b 
Hocy, cnoTKnyjica h cfeji'B na seMJiK), yAapnBniHCB njie^aMH o 
CT'fcny. 

— He Ji'feBb! — KopoTKO BHroBopH.H'B Kynpian-B. 

OffB CToajiB, ninpoKo paacraBHB'B norn n Taatejio jmmdi, 
H 3jio6ho Tjinji'hjrb na Eropa. 
Erop'B no^Hajica, maTaacb. 

— Hy, nocToa... — npo6opMOTajn> oh'b, yxnpaa najibn;aMH 
jiBion^yioca h3b HOcy KpoBB. 

— BiAb roBopHJi-B — He ji'b3b, cojiAaT-b! — exHACTBOBajiB BacBKa 

CO CTOpOHH. 

Eropi> cmaji-B KyjiaKH, no ne flBHnyjica cb M-fecTa. 

— HofiAeM'B, Kynpa, bhhib, oh'b omaji'feji'B cb TBoero yro- 
menia.., nofiAeM'b!— npncTaBaji'B BacBKa. 

— Hy, TH T05Ke, HaJiKa, cMOTpn, — npo6opMOTaji'B BHTroroBT*. 

— "^ero CMOxpiTB?— 3JiopaAHO nepecnpocnjiB BacbKa, — ^to 
BECB cenepo, a nacB ABoe... epon! 9to, bhaho, ne bo ABopiii'fe CToaTb... 

Erop'B ninCaeB-B nopHBHCTO ABHHyjica k'b neMy, no Kynpi- 
HHB CHCTpo saropoAH^'B eMy Aopory. C^b MHHyTy ohh 6'femeHO 
CMOTp'fejiH Apyr'B na Apyra, hotom-b Erop'B oTOABZHyjica, rpo3a 
KyjiaKOM'b. 


22 PyOOKOB BOFATCTBO. 

— H TcGa, pasfio^HHK'B, nay^y... th y Mena... uojiosrjui,., 

— Hto? 

— BpaTii;H, — TOHKHM'B TOJiocoM'B o6paTHJica Eropi* K-B My- 
mHKEM'B, — ^To-^'B BH cTOHTe... a Hy ero!.. 

MymHKH MaJIHCb. 

— JIj6hewb 6h hx-l, — npo(5ypHajii> BnTioroB'L. 

— MojTHH, CTapHfi xpH^-L,-— aaMtTHJit BacbKa, — a to mh, 3a 
8T0 Ay6be-T0, H cocHOBHMH menoHKaMH TBOH capaH cnaJiMM-B... 

— KOHOKpaA'B npOKJIHTHfl... 

— Hto-jk-b BH, CpaTqH! — majioOno BOCKJiHKHyji'b Eropi*. 
MymHKH yrpioMO MOJinajiH. 

— noftAeMi>, Kynpa, — HSflisajiCH BacbKa, — Cojibme otb hhxi> 
HH^ero He OyAeT-b... oAHony hocb pacKBacHJi'B h AOBOJibHo, — 
Bcfe yflOBJieTBopHJiHCb. noftA^Mi)! 

Kynpiamb ycMtxHyjica. 

— noflABM'b,— corjiacEuica ohb, ne cnycKan rjiaai) cb Eropa. 
Ohh nomjiH. 

— Borb jsmo GyAGTi) BaM-b, paafioKHiiKH, — KpHKHyjii) hmt^ 

BCJltA'b BHTH)rOBT>. 

— A BdiWh ysR'h H 6hjio! — CM-feajica BacbKa. 
Eropi* ninfiaeB'b norposHJi-b hm-b KyjiaKOM'b, 

— Hocb-To yTpiT, cojiAaT'b! — KpHKHyjii) eMy BacbKa. 


Ohh oHflTb BepnyjiHCb k-b FyHaBOMy. 

— HaA^JiajiH a^Jiob-b! — CKaaaJii) BacbKa, BCTpaxHBaa bo- 

JIOCaMH. 

ryHHBHfi xMypo HX'b BHCJiymajiB, aajioatHB'b pyKH sa noa- 

COK-B. 

—^ TaKB, — cKasajTB ohT), — bhhib, ^to rpix'B cb ^ejioBiKOM'B 
AiJiaeTT)... ox-b!.. Bhjih jiioah, KaK-B jifoah, a lenepb na... 
KynpiHHb CMyTHJica. 

— ^TO ymi* TyTB... 
FynaBH^ noMOJiHaji'b. 

— BoTB ^TO, Tenepb y Mena BaM'b ocTaBaTbca nejibsa. 

— To-TO H ecTb, — coKpymeHH6 BBAOxnyjiTb BacbKa. 

— meft noxjieSatoe, Aa h atlAa bT) Jitcb! A to kb Be^epy 
BCH o6jiaBa cioAa narpaneTTb. Ha^HJiH 6'hjsj... 

— H HopT-B ero AepnyjiB CBaaaTbca! — yKopHsneHHO nporo- 
BopHJi-B BacbKa. 

Ohh noniJiH bI) H36y. 

— AnioTKa Tyrb TOJi^erca, cb A'feBHOHKOfi Moeii, — coo6ni;HjrB 
Kynpiany FyHflBHlt. 

TliBOHKa BI) KpaCHOMI) HJiaTKi fiHJia B-B HSCi. yBHA'feB'B 

Kynpiana, ona noAOi^ajia k-b Heny. 


KYITPiaHT.. 23 

— JSfljienhRB. KynpisHi), a h hto si ledi cKajRy... — bbohko 
aaroBopHJia ona. 

— A HTO? — oOpaflOBajiCH KynpinHi* h noKpacH'feji'B, 
JIj'feBqoHKa noflHHJiacb na niHno^KH h rpoMKo cKasajia eMy 

Ha yxo: 

— TeTeHbKa MaTpena Bejiijia npHTHTb, eeanpeMinno Be- 
jrfejia npHTHTb. 

— Kor^a? — HepoBHHM'b tojiocom-b cnpocHji'B KynpiHH'b. 

— 3aBTpa no Be^epy... na oropofl'b... BeanpeM-feHHO Bejiijia 

npHTHTL. 

— JIaAHO, npH^y... 

— BeanpeMiHHo, — noBTopHJia j^iB^eHKa,— a Tenepb a yfi[Ay. 

— Hah. 

— IIoiJAy, — ^ AnioTKa sacKaKajia hb-b hbCh na ojxeo^ HOMtK'fe, 
a 3a Heit cb kphkom-b norHajiacB Bca A'^TBopa FynHBaro. 

rynaBH^ AocTajiB h3i> ne^KH MHCKy mefl h jio5Kkh. 

— 'Bmbie, Aa h hahtb ci> BoroM-b, — cKaaajTb ohb. 


XIV. 

KorAa KynpiHE-B h BacbKa bhiejih, yme cMepKajiocb. 
OdJiaBa em,e He BopoTHJiacb h na yjiHii;* 6hjio nycTtiHHo h 

TeMHO. 

Ha noBoporfe bi> coctAHia npoyjioKi;, KynpinHi) h BacbKa 
HajierfejiH na Kanoe-TO Oojibmoe, M^rKoe rfejio, tJieataBinee no- 
nepeK-B Aoporn. BacbKa eABa ne y najrb h cxBaTHJicH 3a 3a6op'B . 

— A ^opnb, — BHpyraJicji ohb. 

HoTOMB, npHTjiflA'^BniHGb npn cjiaeoM-b CBtrfe cyMepeKB, 
yxMHJibHyjica h CKasajrb: 

— Hmb, HaApHsrajica. 
KynpiflH'b ocTaHOBHjicH. 

— Kto? 

— GoMa,—- Becejio cKajia 3y6H, oC'BaBHJi'B BacbKa h Ba^'feM'b 

TO npHHaJICfl TOpMOmHTb HbHHaro. 

— Bpocb, — CKasajTB KynpiaHB. 
Uhsmu^ 3axpHntjiB h 3a6opMOTaji'B. 

— Mh cb ehmI) KyMOBBH, — Becejio noacHnjiB BacBKa h, cxBa- 
THB'B HBHHaro 3a njie^o, KpHKHyjiB: 

— KyM-B, ^opTB, BCTaBaii! IHanKy noTepaji'B!.. 
HbaHHli 3aBopoHajica. 

— Bpe... — npo6opMOTajii> ohb. 

— CMiniHoia My^KHKij, — 3aM0TajiB rojioBofit BacBKa. — Hpa, 
noTepajcB... BCTasa^! 

HbaHua noMOJinaji'B, cooCpajKaa. 

— H TO... BCTany, — npoxpHnijiB ohb. 


24 PyOOKOB BOrATCTBO. 

y 

0oMa noAHiiJica Ha pyKH, hotom'b CTajiTb na KOeirfeHH, noRa^- 
Hyjica H CB pasMaxy cfejii) onaTB. BacbKa aajiiiJica paaocTHHM'B 
CM'fexoM'B. 0oMa iiocMOTp'fejib Ha Hero Tyno h rjiyno, noTOMTb 
yjiHOnyjica h Becejio npoxpnn'feji'B: 

— Ba6a nonepjia! 

— Hero? — cnpocHjrb BacbKa cb He^oyM'feHieM'B. 

0oMa, npHi^ep^HBaacb 3 a 3a6opi>, noflnajica na hofh, bi> 
nopTKax'b H o(5opBaHHoa CBPrnieBoft pyCaxi^, rpoMaAHHfi[, bckjio- 

KO^CHHtlfl H 60C0li, H, HOKaHHSaaCb BO BC4 CTOpOHH, nOBTOpHJI'B: 

— Ba6a noMepjia. 

— Tfioa, HTo-jib?— cnpocHJi'B KynpiaHi). 
0OMa aacMtaJica. 

— He ^y^aa... ^Ba^axb roflOB-b hchjih... IIoMepjia. 

Bci^ Tpoe saMOJi^ajiH. BacbKa norjiaA'fe«Jrb na OJiiAHoe He6o, 
Hep-feniHTejibHo yjiuCnyjica h nocMOTpijrb Ha Kynpiana. 

— Hero noMepjia? — cnpocHJi'b Kynpiani. 
0oMa noKaiHyjica, HKHyjrb h Maxnyjib pyKOtt. 

— CMepTb npHmjia... nyTpo coskfjio!.. 

— TaK-b. A TH ^ero-afb HaApHsrajica? 

©OMa BJ^py^'b BCXJiiinnyji'b h noKa^nyjica TaK-b caiibHo, hto 
yxBaTHJica 3a Kynpiana. 

— H, 6paTara, nbaffb... 9to th... Toro... nbanb! HoTOMyKairb 
noMepjia... OAHH-b a, epax-b, lanepn^a! 

0OMa TpaxHyji'b rojioBO^ ci> neecTecTBeHHO yxapcKHM-b 

— lIoMepjia... Hy a H bhhhji'b... th noflMH... oahh'b, KaKi) 

USL3ieU,Ty, Hy H... 

0OMa JKajiocTJiHBO yjiHdnyjica, jiacKoso rjia^a Kynpiany bte» 
rjiasa h cKa3aJi'b: 

— Hnatajio! 
KynpiaH-b noflynaji'b. 

— ^oxTypa OT^ero ne no3Baji'b? 
0OMa Taacejio Maxnyji-b pyKoil. 

— H 3Bajrb, (|)epniaji'b GHJi-b... Jla, pasBi cynpoTHB'b Bora! 
Kynpa, Apyr-b, noAHecH, — neoJitHAaHHo npncoBOKynHJi'b OH'b. 

— H tslkl xopomi)! — 0T03Bajica BacbKa. 

— ByAeTb, — cxporo cKa3ajrb Kynpian'b h Ao6aBHjrb: KorAa 
noMepjia? 

— B^epacb. 

— noxoponHji-b? 

— H-ne... uoB.i> ne Bejiiji-b... 

— IIoHeMy? 

0oMa cA^JiajTb ycHjiie, ^to6h coo6pa3HTb, 

— A Toro... H eny roBopio: noMepjia... A OH'b, SaibKa, to 
ecTb, MHi: noAoacAH! 

Kynpian'b yAHBHJica. 


K y n p I X H X. 25 

— Hto th Mejienib, nbHHa« OamKa! 

— Hero MCJiH)? Hnnero ne Mejiro... Ilony b'B ropojii'B he ap- 
MapKy ixaTB, a Tyrt h... to gctb, CTapyxa! HoaomAH, roBopnrb, 
npi^Ay — ^Tor^a. 

BacBKa 3axHXHKaJii>. 

— JIoBKo! Aia, non'f>!.. HoAomAH... Bninjia otl nona pH30- 
jiK)uiH, ^1061) He noMHpajia (5a6a, noKa non'B ci> apnapKH ne 
npi^AerB... JIobko! 

KynpiaH'B naxMypHJica. 

— A TH ^ITO-^'B? 

« 

— 51? il HH^aBO... ^TO-afB a? non'B, HSBiCTHO, a a ctptift 

MyatHK'B, Hy... A noTony B'B H36'fe MtyrB CepeT'B, ny, a h Toro... 
OoMa BBipasHTejiBHO HKHyji'B. — A, Meat^y npo^HM'B, njTb oTh 
nee... ^inmajio... 

KynpiflH'B cyMpa^HO noMOJinaji'B. 

— Hy, iipom.aa, KyM-B! — CKaaaji'B BacBKa. 

— Hy, H npomalft, KOjiH TaK-B!.. — Ao6poflyinHO OTBiTHjrB 0om«^ 
noKa^HBaacB h HKaa. 

Ohh paaoniJiHCB. ^Boe nonum behs-b k-b piKi, a orpoMHan 
jioxMaTaa (|)Hrypa Gombi jnojiro ^epnijia na Kocorop'fe, inaTaacB 
H pasMaxHBan pyKaMH, na ^owh 6:ji'hjs,E0^ sejienoBaTO^ sapn. 

— HoiTB, HBB'fecTHO non'B, a a My^KHK-B... cbpH-Hfi... — 6opMO- 
Taji'B GoMa, noKa He CBajiHJica hoa-b safiopoM-B B'B JKHAKyro h 
Jimmy ¥) rpiiSB. 

XV. 

KynpiflH'B h BacBKa, ii;'fenjiHacB 3a mokphh tohkIji b^tk^ 

Bepfibl H CKO.TIB35I HO paSMOKHieMy rJIHHHCTOMy CKaTy, cnycTH- 
JIHCB K'B p'feK'fe. 

Bo^a TeKJia MCAJieHHo, MeAJienno n oti> nen necjio chpoctbk) 
H xojiOAOM'B. HeCojiBmia bojihh thxo nonjiecKHBajin hoa'b ho- 
raMH H ^yTB-nyTB n-feHnaiHCb. npomjioroj^mfiL tpocthhk'b, oCjioMan- 

HH^ H npHAaBJieHHHfi nOJIOBOABeM'B, HH3K0 CTJiaJICfl Ha^-B TeM- 

HOft rjiy6HH0it n 5Kajio6HO nocKpnnHBaji'B, TO^fflo roBopa: 

— XojioAHO, 6paTmi... 

Ty^H HaBHCJIH COBC'feM'B HH3K0 H, KasaJIOCB, BQTb BOTB 

noflAGT'B A05KAB, MeAJieHHHit, Tarymfl. Ha Bepxy 6epera 6e3Ha- 
;:^ejKHo MOTajiHCB no B'feTpy ^axjnje ToneHBKie KycTHKH jio3H. . 
BacBKa noe^HJicH. 

— HniB MtyTB, — npoOopMOTajTB oh-b. 

^pyroro fiepera ne (5hjio bhaho, h KasajiocB, hto ^epnaa, 
HeyMOJi^HO njiemyni,aH Bo^a cJiHBaeTca TaM'B na cepeAHH'fe cyB 

TeMHHMl* H TiimeJIHM'B HeCOM'B. 

— Tjxb HoneBaTB Cy^eM-B? 

— J^a TyT'B H3aH0^yeM'B, — paBHOAyniHo otb'^thji'b KynpinHB. 


26 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

BacbKa noBCJi'b njie^aMn. 

— Hero? 

~~~" jj^a...* TaKx)*.. 

KynpiaHi> HacM'femjiHBO na Hero uorjisiji'hmi. 

— Hy, notineMt k-b QeAopy... 

— CuianaK)n>. 

— Hy, TSiKh H 6ojiTaTb nenero. 

KynpisHt noTonTajii) HoraMH, BH6pajrb m^cto nocyme h cfejrb. 

BacbKa nonecajii) aaTHJioKt h onycTHJica paAOMi). 

0(5a MOJnaJiH, vjiajxa na TeMHyio rjia^b p'feKH, h atajmcb 
;ipyr'b Kb Apyry, ciapaacb 3aiu,iiTHTbca orb BtTpa, nopusaMH 
rnaBmaro bojihh BAOJib Oepera, nopoft o6zjaBaa kxi> mojikhmh, 

KB,KTy raiJIb, XOJIOAHHMH 6pbI3raMH, COpBaHHHMH CB BepXyniBK'b 
BOJIH'b. 

BacbKa CKopo na^ajTb apeMaib, cornyBt cnnHy. Kynpiaffb 
AOJiro CMOTpiji'b Ha piKy npncTajibHHM'b h HenoABHacHHMi) Barjia- 

AOM-b H AyMaJIT) HeMTi-TO. 

BApyr'b oHi) nomeBeJiHJica. 
^ ; — rioni>-To... 
BacbKa o^Hyjica. 

— Hero? 

— FoBopK), nonii-TO... 

— J3ia-a, — npoTanyjTb BacbKa, onsTb na^HHaa ^peMaTb. 
BiTepT) pBanyji-b cb ocoCennoa chjio^, tslkl hto cyxofJ TpocT- 

HHKTb SaBBeH'fejI'b AOJirHM-b, CJiadHM-b H T0CKJIHBHM1> BBOHOM'b. 

— TaKi), BHa^HTb, noHB na apMapnt? — CKasajTb Kynpian-b. 
BacbKa oHHTb no;iHajii> rojioBy. 

— He HHane TaKi*... CaM-b BHA'feJi'b, yipoM-b OAHH'b txajii). 

— Ha OAHOfl, ajiH na napt? 

— Ha oAHOJi... 

BacbKa CMopmHJicfl, KaK'b 6h ^to cooCpamaa, h BApyr-b npn- 
ni.ejiKHyji'b najibii;aMH. 

— Hy, H JioBKo! B-b caMBifi paa-b... 
Owh npHnoAHHJiCH h ocKajmji'b 3y6H... 

— H^eM-b, ^To jiH? — cnpocHJi'b Kynpian'b. 

— KoHe^Hoe a'^JIo... Apyroro TaKoro cjiyiaa — skah!.. 
KynpiaH'b BCTajii), nonpaBHji'b manKy h nojrhsiy o(5paTHO na 

CKaTi), XBaTaacb 3a b'^tkh h CKOJibsa. 
BacbKa KapaCKajiCH 3a HHM'b. 

— HopTTE> 3HaeTb, KaK'b 9T0 CaMOMy He BTE> AOMCKl)... JIOBKO... 

Ohh Bujvhsmi Ha Bepxi) h npHTanJiHCb, KaK'b ABa rojioAHHe 
BOJHca, BHCMaTpHBaa Aopory. Cefi^acb-^Ke 3aBb[roHOM'b na^HHa- 
jiHCb HJieTHH H 3a6opH, a 3a HHMH 'lepnijiHCb h nponaAajiH b-b 

TOMHOTt TeMHHa KyHH CTpoeHill, CTb 060ApaHHHMH, TOJIHMH OCTO- 

BaMH KpHHTi). BexjiH H 6epe3H yHHJio pacKa^HBajiH bb^jvl hhmh 
rojiHMH BepxyniKaMH, ci> AOJirHM'b nenpecTaHHHM'b mynoM'b. 


KynpiflH^. 27 

TEDiHHa dHJia MepTBan, lOjibKo TA'fe-TO no Ty cTopony cejia 

OOTOBBy^HO n03BiIKHBajI'b KOJIOKOJIbHHK'B, fla AHJieKO, AaJIGKO 

cjia6o raBKajia co6aKa. 

KynpiflH'B h BacbKa ABHHyjiHCb oGpaTHO ^epes'B BHroffB, 
3opKO ocMaTpHBancb no CToponaM-B. Ilponijm mhmo oropoAOB-B, 

MHMO HSfili Ob ^epHHMH CJI-fenHMH OKHaMH H BHmjIH Ha nJIO- 

ni;aAB, nocpean KOTopoK cJiaOo 6'feji'fejia b-b TeMHOxt n;epKOBHaa 
orpa/na. 

— A MomeTL noni> Bepnyjica? — aaMtTHJiB Bnojirojioca 
BacBKa. 

— Hirb... AOJisKHo, H'feT'b, — BoapasHJiB TaKace thxo Ky- 

npiaHIi: — B-B OKHaXB CB'tTHTCa... AOJI^HO, KB HO^H SRJldiJlIL H TC- 

nepb eni.e 5KflyTi>. 

IIonOBCKiltt AOMB, 6'hjlH.PL CB JKeJliBHOlt KpHnieit, CTOflJTB pH- 
flOMB CB OOJIBniHMB JiaBO^HHMB aMfiapOMB. Bb 0]X,EOWh OKH* 

ero cjiafio cb^thjib ofohb h bhjihh (5hjih CHTn;eBBLa aaHaBtcKE 
Ha okh4 h flBa ropniKa cb i^BtTaMH. 

KynpiaH-B h BacBKa noAonum k^b BopoiaMB. 

— CodaKH ecTB? — cnpocHJiB KynpiaHB 

— fljoji^Ha 6htb, kojih 3a nonoMB ne yO'ferjia.. 

— Th CTyKHH... 

BacBKa cjiaCo nocTynajiB bb 3a6opB. 

Co ABOpa HHKTO He OTOBBaJIOl. 

— ^ojimHO, HtTB, — saMiTHJiB BacbKa H noAHHjica Ha Jia- 

BOHKy BOBJli BOpOTB. 

— He BHAaxB 

— JliBBl— monoTOMB CKasajiB KynpisHB. ' 

BacbKa jioBKO h 6e3niyMH0 noOT^Jica na^B 3a6opoMB, hoch- 
ffhjTb nasepxy, ^yTKO npncjiyninBa^cb, h jierKO cnpHrnyjiB bhhsb. 
meKOJiAa THXO 3B^KHyjia h KajiHTKa OTBopnjiacb. 

KynpiflHB BomejiB bo ;tBopB. 

JXbo]}t> 6hjib GojiBmoitt, nopocmift TpaBoJt h ^hcthK. 

Ohh thxo, Kpaay^HCB, npomjm mhmo AOMa, k-b KonroniH'fe. 
BacBKa nonpoCoBajiB pyKO^. 

— Ha saMK'fe! — coo6ni,HJiB ohb. 

KynpiHHB bb cbok) o^epeflb noniiynajiB 3aM0KB, floCTajiB 
H3'B KapMana MaJieHBKifi: jiomhkb, sajiomnjiB bb neTjiio h na- 
5KajrB. SaMOKT) ne noAajica. KynpiflHB namajii) CHJiBHie, ^to-to 
saTpenijajio, h BanopB co 3bohomb odpyniHjicH ehhsI). 

— 9xB, ^opTB!.. — npodopMOTajiB KynpiflHB. 

BacbKa B3AporHyjiB h orjinnyjica. 06a saMepjin, noBepnyB- 
iHHCb KB AOMy. TaMB Chjio nonpesKHeMy tcmho h thxo; bb 
KpafldaeM'b okh* cjiaCo 6pe8mHJiB cB-feTB. 

— JifiMdi oflHHB CTapHfi non^B... 6aTBKa MOJio;toro, saniTaT- 
HHfl... Ohb, ^aft, n rjiyxoK yme, — cobc^mb cTapHit! — npomen- 
TajTB BacBKa. 


28 pyOOKOB BOrATOTBO. 

KynprnH-B oTBopnji'b Asepb. HasHyrpH naxnyjio TenjiHM'B na- 
B030Mi> H nocJiHmajiocb JiacKOBoe no(|)HpKHBaHie JiomaflH, ne- 

BHflHO^ B-B TCMHOTt. 

BacBKa ocTajica y flBepeia. 

Bee 6hjio thxo. BiTepi) cjia(5o h rjiyxo myM'bJi'B y i^epKBH 
B-B BepxyniKax'B Jimuh. Bi> okh* y nona Mepujaji-B oroHeKt. B-b 
KOHromHt ocTopo5KHO no3BaKHBajia y3Ae^Ka h jiomaflB, uo^ysmb 
HesHaKOMaro, nyrjiHBo (|)HpKajia h nepeOnpajia HoraMH no uar- 
KOMy HaBoay. Kynpian^ to^ho yTOnyjii) b-l xeMHOxt. 

BacbKa CMOTp'feji'b, CMOTpiJi-B, rjiasa y Hero pacmnpHJiHCb 
H 3acjie3HJiHCb orb nanpHSKema. 

— CKopo? — menny^ offb b-b TCMHOTy. 

— Cefl^acb, — THXO Jionecjiocb oiryiia. 

KoHHTa JioniaAH 3acTy^ajiH no AepeBHHHHOMy noMOCTy; tcm- 
HOTa TO^iHo 3aK0JiHxajiacb, h B^pyr-B visi> nea BHHHpnyjia (|)h- 
rypa Kynpinna, a 3a khm-b 6ojibniaa rojiona JiomaAH, nyrjiHBO 
np^Aymea yniaMH. 

— rniAaa, — paAOCTHO CKa3aji'b BacbKa, — 9Ta MHoro Jiy^nie 
TOii... HeAaBHO KyuHJi'b noni>-TO, no Bceny cejiy XBacTajica!,. 

KynpiaHi> 3jio yxMHjmnyjica. 

— TaK-b eMy h naAO... Uymafi Tenepb h ohi> noAoacACTTb... 

— ^ero? — cb HeAoyMtaieM'b nepecnpocHJii) BacbKa. 

— JIoniaAKynycTbnoAoacAeTb... 9oMK'fenpHKa3aji'b5RAaTb-TO... 
BacbKa 3axHXHKaji'b. 

— OAHa^e, KyAa ee? — cnpocHJi'b Kynpiaffb. 

— Kh uiHraHy... Tpo(|)HMy... 6ojibnie HenyAa. 
KynpiaH-b nojiyusjvb, 

— TtBHrali TH, a y Mena TyTB loro... a'^Jio ecTb. 

— OnaTb Hac^eT'B 6a6H? 

KynpiHH'b hcoxotho npoCopMOTaji'b ^to-to. 
BacbKa yxMHJibHyjica h uosKajii> njie^aMH. 

— ^yAacia!.. 

— Hy, jiaAHO, — HeAOBOJibHO npepnaji'b KynpiaHb,-— CAamb 
KOHa Tpo(|)HMy, AemeBo ne oTAaBafl — kohb AOfipHft, a caM^b k^l 
HO^H Ha 3aBTpa Ha3aAT3... OeanpeMliHHo. 

— KaK-b HaliAy? — cnpocHjrb BacbKa, cxBaTHBB jiomaAb sa 
rpHBy H B3BajiHBaacb na nee mHBOTOM'b. 

JiomaAb TasKCJio n noKopno BSAOxnyjia, nyrjiZBO rJiHAa 

CBOHMH KpOTKHMH CoJIbniHMIT rJiasaMH. 

KynpiaH'b norjiaAHJi-b ee no MopA^fe. 

— FynaBaro cnpocnmb, snaTb OyAeT-b, 

— Hy, jiaAHO... IIyni,afi! 

Kynpiamb oxcTynHJii). BacbKa xponyji'b jiomaAb, n ona, jierKO 
nepeCnpaa EoraMH, ABHHyjiacb ^epe3'b ABop-b Kh BopoxaM'b. 
KynpiaHb nomeJi'b 3a nero n CHH3y cMOTptji'b na TeMHHtt cn- 
jiyaT-b BacbKH, oT^ejiHBO BHpncoBtiBaBmitica na nefi'fe. 


KynpiffHT.. 29 

— Jloma/ib AoGpaa, — noBTopnji'L KynpiKH'L. 
Ohh nopoBHfljmcb ch kphjibi^omii aomr. 

/tfiepb Ha KpHJibi^t CKpHDHyjia h CTap^ecKifi rojiocb, maM- 
Kaa, cnpocHJTb: 

— 8to th, OTei^'B? Hto no3AHo? 

BaCBKa HHCTHHKTHBHO flepHyjI'L JIOmaAB, H OHa fiHCTpO flBH- 

HyjiacB K-B BopoTaM'B; ho KynpiflH'B cxBaTHJi-B ee aa ysay et 
^pHJ^epmaJI'B. 

— IIocTOja, — CKaaajii* oh'b BacBK-fe. 

TorB TOJiBKO yAHBJieHHO H iicnyraHHO na nero hokochjicji. 

— Th hto-jib, oieui'B? — noBTopHJiB cb KpHJiBi^a cTapHK 
non-B. 

— il, — rpOMKO- OTB'fcTHJI'B KynpiilH'B, — C^aCTJIHBO OCTaBaTBCa, 

6aTK)inKa! 

BacBKa onaTB HcnyranHo Tponyjii) jionia;];B, ho Kynpian'B 
eii3,e pas-B npHjc^epacajTB ee. 

— ACB? — CnpOCHJTB CB KpHJIBUia UOlTh. 

— Hy, TO ^e caMoe... — sjiopaAHo OTBixHji'B KynpiaHB. 

— Hto th, — npomeniaji'B BacBKa. 

— Moe fl-fejio, — orpH3HyjiCH Kynpiamb. 
IIoiTB BrjiaAtJica h nonaJTB b'b hcm-b a^jio. 

— PaaOofiHHKH, BH HTO TyTB A^JiaeTe? — ApoataniiHM'B rojio- 

COM-B SaKpHHaJI'B OffB. 

— JIoniauKofi Bameia nonoJiB30BajiHCB, OaTioniKa! — npHTBopno 

JiaCKOBO OTBiTHJTB KyUpiHH'B. 

— PaTyflTe, oli, — KpH^aji-B non-B TOHeHBKHM'B nanpamen- 

HHM'B rOJIOCOMT). 

— Hy, TH, CTapHli! — yrpomaiome iiiHKHyji'B KynpiaffB. 
BacBKa Aepnyji-B jioinaAB, ona pncbio BHJieTiJia sa Bopoxa, h 

noBepnyBi) baojlb yjiimn, nonecjiacB BCKa^B. 
KynpiaH'B He Tporajica. 

— Th, GaiioniKa, CKasKH 0Tii;y HBany, hto 9to eMy 3a 0om- 
KHHy 6a6y, — chhjio nporoBopnji'B oh'b, noABHraacB k-b kphjib- 
i^y, — nymaft Tome uojxosRjxeTb... jiomaAH-TO... 

IIon'B oTCTynHJi-B b'b cfenH h, saxjionBLBaa z^Bepn, saKpnqaJi'B 
eme rpoMHe H nanpa^eHnM: 

— Kapayjii>... jiioah... paTyfliTe!.. 

Kynpi^H-B BHnieji'B 3a BopoTa, nocMOTp'feji'B BCJi'feA'B BacBK'fe 

H nodt^KajTB B'B npOTHBOnOJI05KHyK) CTOpOHy, K'B p'feK'fe, CJIHnia 

3a co6oa rojiocB CTaparo nona h eme ^eK-TO acencKifl, OT^a- 
5HH0 B3HBaBniie o noMoniiH. 

— PafyflTe! — pa3AaBajiocB b'b MOJi^anm ho^h. 

Ho coc'fcAHHM'B ABopaM-B Ha^ajiii jiasTB co6aKH h nocjinma- 
JiHCB ABHrnenifl H rojTOca. 

KynpiaH'B 6'hmsijny no yjiHi^'b. 

Bo3Ji'fe BOJiocTHoro npaBJieniH ero BHHMaHie iipHBJieKJiH Jier- 


30 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

Kifl n03BaKHBaHiH CyOeHHHKOB'B H OCB'hiUieHHHH OKHa. TaMT> CH- 

fl'fejiH, BepHyBmieca ci> npoBOAOBi> HcnpaBHHKa, CTapniHHa, im- 

Capb H ypjIJIHHK'B. OhH HHJIH BOAKy H SaCHAtoHCB. ypJIflHHKTb 

codnpajicii K-B yTpy Bti^J^xaTb, h y bojiocth ctohjih y^te roTOBua 
jiomaOT, He BeMCKin, a CTapinHHCKiii, KOTopHa cTapmHHa jzaji'B 
ypHAHHKy H3T> yBa?KeHifl h noTOMy, hto BeMCKia jiomaAH set 
6iuiH Bi) paBroHt. 

HMiniHK'b ymeJiTb bi> cfenn h JiomaAH ctohjih y tcpHJibi^a, 

nOHypHB'B rOJIOBH H THXO BCTpHXlIBaH 6y6eEJJ,SMV[. 

KynpiflH'b, yBHA^Bi) hxi*, Ha MiirT> ocTanoBHJica, Oucrpo BJitBi) 
BTh GpHHKy, co6pajn> bobh^h h AepHyjii> jiomaAeft cb MicTa bo 
Becb JiyTb, ByCcHi^H ahko h HecxpoflHO BaaBeHtjiH, Teji'fera sa- 
Tpacjiacb H saTpeiiiiajia. 

Hb-b BOJiocTHoro npaBJieniH bhckohhjih ojxKWb 3a APyrHM-b 
jiyuTh AeciTTb MyatHKOB'B, nncapb h ypHAHHRi). 

— A'B.Tb, TH, Bo^e Moffl — yjiapHJi'B ofi'b noJiH crapniHHa. 

— Jle^SKUl — SaBOTIHJTb nncapb TOHCHbKHM'B rOJIOCOM'b. 
ypHAHHK'b BHXBaTWJI'b peBOJIbBep^B. 

— Cto-oA:, CToit! — saKpn^aji'B oht>, npHUjiJinjica Apo5Kam;HMK 

pyKaMH E BHCTpi^JIHJI'b. 

KynpiaHi) TOJibKO npnrHyjica h eme niHC^e nornaji'b Jioina- 

Aeft, CTOH B-B GpHHKi Ha KOJI'feHaX'B, H, CaM^B HC 3HaH SaH^M'B, 

TOJIBKO ^yBCTBya KaKoe-To cB^Tjioe H 6e3nia6amHoe nyBCTBO, 
3ajiHBaBmee ero rpyAB, — KpHKHyji'b bo Bce ropjio: 

— JIoBHTe Kynpiana-a!.. 
ypaAHHK'B em.e pasi) BHcrp'fejiHji'B. 

OTOBCIOAy BHCKaKHBajIH MyJKHKH, JiaHJIH cofiaKH, XJIOnaJIH 
KaJIHTKH. 

— ^ep5KH! — BBHsajii) CTapmHHa, pncbio necacb no yjirnnt. 
JIomaAH BHJieT'fejiH 3a OKOJinqy h nomjiw saCnpaTb ktb Jiicy. 

KynpiaH-b y^e ne KpH^ajii>, a tojibko rnajib h naxjiecTHBaji'b 
jiomaAefi. 

Ha cejii jiaHJiH co6aKif h kphkomT) Kpn^ajio MHoro rojio- 

COBT) H My^KCKHX'B, H 6ai,6hBTb. 

^ocKaKaB'B Ao Jiicy, KynpianiE* ocTaHonHJi-B JiomaAeit, cocko- 

^HJTB CB 6pH^KH, nO;i;6'femaJI'B Wh KOHHM'B H CHflJTB 6y6eHHHKH. 

IIoTOM-B onaTb iiornajTb, hto ecTb Ayxy, h cKopo cBepnyji'b ciy 
Aoporn b-b ji'fecB. BepcTH 3a Tpn ott> Aoporn owh Barnaji-B b^b 
Hamy, ocTanoBHJi'B bbmhjichhhx'b, xpannmnxij h maTaiomnxca 
jiomaAeK h, npHBasaB'b htl B03»taMH ki* A^P^By, noCimaji'B 
npoHB OTi) HHX'B no Jitcy. 

— KojiH He HattAyTi), BaBTpa BosbMeMi)! — jiyuB.n'b ohb. 


k 


KynpiflHi. 31 


XVI. 

IlepeHo^esaBi) bI) hm^, hojihoSi octinaBinHXCH jiHCTbeBTb, Ky- 
npiflH^b nitJiBiK JiBEh CHAiJii> Bi> Jiicy, y OojiOTa, na ycjioBJien- 

HOM'B Cb BaCbKOfi MiCTt. 

Jl^eHb Chjtb cojiHe^HHK h KaKoK-TO npoapaHHHtt. Cojmii;e 

CB^THJIO THXO H He rptJIO, a TOJIbKO SOJIOTHJIO ^eJITHe JIHCTI>H 

H nayTHHy, ^jihhhhmh hhthmh npoTHHyBinyioca noBCK);5y no 
ipas-fe, no onajniMi> jihctbhm'b, no jiepeBhsiwh. JlerKia np^n e,a 
THXO jieiajiH B'b BOBAyx-fe, H Kasajiocb, ^To Becb Jiicb nacKBOBb 
npoTKan'b bojiothmh HHTKaMH. He6o 6hjio apKO rojiyCoe h tomco 
npoapa^Hoe. Ho BpeMenaM-b bhcoko, bhcoko na^'B JiicoM-b cjih- 
nrajiHCL KaKie-TO 3ByKE. Tor^a Kynpian'b noAHMaji-b rojiOBy h 
BHA'^'Tb ^yTb-^yTb Mp'feioni.yK) B'b rojiyCoMi) npocTop'fe CTaio ^Ky- 

I paBJiefi. Hx-b sayHHBHoe KypjraKanbe 6hjio CAHHCTBeHHHM'b 

SByKOMi), KOTopHfi cjHjmaji'b Kynpiflffb. 

I — Hmb TH, — AyMajiTb KynpiHHTb, — JicTaT-b... xopomee a^JIo! 

JleTH ceOi KyAa xo^emb... hh seMJin naxaxb, hh Koneft KpacTb, 

I HH noAaTeit nnaiHTb... xopomo! 

j Okojio nojiyAHH naA'b CojioTOMTb BHrneirb bojikT) h, nyrKO na- 

I cTopo5KHBniHCb, HOCTOHJi'b HO Ty CTopoHy npoctKH. KynpiflHy 

^HJIH BHilHH erO BTHHyTHH pe6pa H oCjltSJIHA JianiKH, Ha KOTO- 

pHX-b MOTajiHCb KJiOHKH mepcTH. BoJiKi) nocTOiiJi'b, noHioxaji'b h, 
I BHCOKO noA^HMan cboh xyAHa Horn, nocKaKaji'b B'b ^auiy. 

— Ham'bGpaTb, — ycM'fexHyjiCHKynpiHH'b. — To5Ke noltMaiorb — 
cnycKy ne AaAyTb... a bch Bnna, ^to mpaib naAO. 

KynpiHHy ciano rpycTHO n CKy^HO. 

Owb yme oii TucKoii norjiiiAHBaji'b B'b Ty CTopony, OTKyAa 
AOJimeHi) 6Hjr'b noHBHTbCH BacbKa. Ho TaM-b Bce tslkl sKe ne- 

nOABH^HOfi CTtaol! CTOHJI'b JltCb, MGAJieHHO H 6e3niyMHO pOH5IH 

Kpymanj;iecH jiHCTbH. OayTHna npoAOJimajia THHyibCH bojiothmh 

HHTHMH. 

KynpiHH'b to jio^hjich, to BCTaBaji'b. 

Co«)iHi];e CTajio miOHHTbCH kI) sanaAy h no BceMy Ji-fecy npo- 
T^nyjiHCb KOCHH CTp'fejiH CFO jiyHefi. naA'b dojioTOMTb CTactt-b Me- 
pemHTbCH TyMaHx. 

HaKOHem), KynpiHET) ne BHAep^Kaji-b h BCTajn>. 

— Hy ero Kb ^opTy! — Cb AocaAoii n.nionyji'b ornb, — aTaK-b h 
Cb rojioAy noMpenib. 3aBH3'b ta'^-to, nopTi)... ;kah ero Tenepb. 

On-b noMHJiCH eme neMHoro. 

— MaTpena naKasHBajia k-b Be^epy npHATH, — noAyMaji'b owb, 
nopa H HATH... noKa ;:(o6epycb. 

Ohb BcnoMEHji-b, KaKi> Ao npiisAa Eropa owh, dHBajio, Bc^e- 
poM-b npo6HpajiCH Kb MaTpeni B'b naOy. H eMy BApyr-b CTajio 


32 PyCCKOB BOrATOTBO. 

^cajiB, ^TO ym-b He BepneTCH 8to BpeMa. noTOMi> oh'b npHnoM- 
HHJi'B, KOK'B ^majitjia" ero MaTpena, h BcnoMHHJii>, KaK-b owh 
rpy(5o ci> neft oComejicfl b-b nocjitAHioK) Bcipt^. 

— H ^To axo Ha Mena namjio?.. Paasii ona ^iMi) BHHOBaTa? 
TaKaa y^rb y^acTb nama ropbKaa... A AOJimno Bb nocjiiAHee 
MH (yh Hefli ceroflHH noBCTpinaeMca, — noAyMajrb KynpiHH'b, — 
nocjit BHepaniHiiro MHi bI) ccjio hh Horoii... CiaprnHHa cBoeia: 
TpoteH He 3a6yAeTb, Aa h non-b... YxoAHTb HaAo! ^BHHeMTb (rb 
BacbKofi noAij OAecrb. BacbKa roBopHTi), Micia BOjibHHH. A 
ii^wh KorAa oHirrb Bepnycb?.. Mo^eib, z ne Bepnycb, a kojih 
H npHBejieTCH, — saCyAex-b 6a(5a-TO. 

KynpiHHb xpaxHyji-b roJiOBoK h hokphehjich. 

— XoTb nonponi.aTbca-To xopomeHbKo... 

CojiHi^e KaK-b-To BApyr'b noracjio wh Jitcy h cpaay cxajio xo- 
jioahM h xyMani) HBCXBeHHO noxHHyji'b orb Cojioxa. 

— He ACWKAaxbca BacbKH, — noAyMaji'b KynpiflH'b, noxonxajica 
Bi) HepiniHMocxH H BApyr'b CHcxpo H xBepAo HanpaBHJica no 
BHaKOMo^ xpoHKi^ Kb cejiy. 


XVIL 

Maxpena uj^jih^ a^hb 6HJia caMa ne cBoa. 

YxpoMi) KTb Heft 3a6i^5Kajia cojiAaxKa EajianiKa h, BH3BaB'b 
ee Ha oropoA'b, hxo6h ne cjitixaji'b EropT), noBtAa^a e^ (yh 
npHKpacaMH Bcfe hohhhh coOhxIh. 

— HxaKo^ offb, KynpiHH'b — oxnaAHHOft 5kh3hh ^eJiOB'feK'b, — 
xapaxopHJia HajianiKa, — caM'b CKa^ex'b no yjiHn;i, can-b h Kpn- 
^HX'b: jioBHxe KynpiHHa! Cxapmnna xenepb ero ^KUBbeM-b 6h 
cb'feji'b, a non-b nyxb, roBopHTb, ne noMep'b... Ox^aaHHHft! 

y MaxpeHBi wh cep;m'fe xaK'b cpasy h 3axojioHyjio. 

IlepBaa MHCjib y ne^ Gujia nocjiaxb K-b Kynpi^jny, hxo6h 
He npnxoAHJi'b ceroAHa. KorAa IlajraniKa ymjia, ona BHmjia na 
yjiHAy BHTJiHAHBaxb AmoxKy. AnroxKa, HrpaBmaa cb A^BHen- 
KaMH oKOJio ii;epK0BH0ft orpaABL, caMa yBHA^Jia ee HBAajiH n 
npHCKaKajia na oahoK HoacK'fe, 6ojixaH jioKxaMH. 

— 3ApaBcxByfi, xexKa Maxpena, — npociocioKaJia ona. 
Maxpena CoaBJinno orjiiinyjiacb BAOJib no yjina-fe. 

— Kynpiana BHA'fejra? — xnxo cnpocnjia ona. 

— B^epacb BnA^Jia. 

— CKasajia? 

— CKa3ajia. 06'fem,ajib desnpeM'fenno... CKamH, roBopnxib, 
npHAy. 

Maxpena eni;e pa3b orjianyjiacb no yjini^'fe. 

— TH-6'b, AnioxKa, cd'ferajia ao nero. CKa»:H, Hxofi'b He 

npHXOAHJIb. 


KynpiaHt. 33 

AnioTKa BHTapaiii,HJia rjiaaa. 

— Hto(5'b He npHXOAHJi'B? — nepeciipocHJia OHa. 

— To To-miy, CKaacH, MaTpena roBopajia, HfoOt ne xoauji'b, 
a TO MyacHKH o^enb cep^aioT'L, TaKi) ^rro6H xy^o eny ne 6hjio. 
CKa^Kemb? 

— CKaHcy. 

— Hy, 6'hTJi,.. 

— CHHacB, — npociocioKajia jiiB^enKa h npoBopno aaionajia 
60CHMH n^TKaMH K-B HBCt FynHBaro. 

MaTpena BSAOxnyjia, iiorjinn'fejia eti BCJiiA-B h iioniJia MtcHTb 
KBaniHH). 

Eropi> CB yTpa ymejiB k-b BHHHoft JiaBKt, r^t oh'b TenepB 
6hji'b nocToaHHo. MajieHBKiia Oe^BKa cnaji-B b^b nyjiaH'fe. MaTpeHa 
M'fecHJia TtcTO II njiaKajia. 

Ha^ajia ona njiaKaTb TaK-B, cpaay, caMa He anaa oTnero. 
Cxajio Ha cep/iDit th^cjio h cjiesH saKanajiH b-b T-fecTO. 

Ona 6oajiacB 3a Kynpiana h b-b to sue BpeMH maJiB Gbuio 
eflt He bha^tb ero. H mhcjih y nea Bce 6hjih rpycTHHH h 6e- 
BorpaAHHH. 

— yiJAGTB OH'B, ^aft, TenepB, — AyMajia MaTpena, — nejiBaa eMy 
Tyrb ocTaBaTBCH, a a OAHa ocTanycB... . 

MaTpena aanjiaKajia CHJiBHtli. 

— Hm oYh Koro TO a JiacKH ne yBHmy... Erop-B tojibko BOAKy 
HHTB Aa 3a BOJiocBa TacKaTB... Xlomjia O^b a^ h yTonnjiacB, 
KOJiH fii) He OeABKa. OeABKy majiKO... H OMy ne jkhtb: saCBeTTb 
Erop'B. B^epa KaK-B TOJiKonyjTB-To!.. Kyynpa Mofl... mejianHHa! — 
Bcxjinnnyjia ona rpoMKO. 

IIOA'B OKHOM'B KTO-TO OCTOpO^HO CTyKHyJI'B. 

MaTpeHa BHrjianyjia, 

— HiTy A^AHHBKH Kynpiana, — npociocioKajia AnioTKa. 
y MaTpeHH onaTB saxojionyjio B^h cepAU.'fe. 

— KaK-B TaKTB? 

— /^iAyniKa GeAop-B roBopHTTb, h Ho^enaTB ne npnxoAHJi'B. 
CB Benepa ymejTB h ne npaxoAHJi-B. 

MaTpena MOJinajia. 

— Ay BHHHo^, TeTenbKa, MymHKH Kpn^a-arB, coo6m;HJia a'^b- 
^eHKa, — ^Bce A^AHHBKy Kynpiana noMHHaH)T'B,rpo3aTca...CTpamHo!.. 
H MHMO eirjia, TaK-B nocjiymajia... H AHAHHBKa Erop'B TaMOTKa... 

— riBaHHfl?—- MamnnajiBHO cnpocH.]ia MaTpena. 

— He... TOJIBKO CepAHTHfi TaKOfl[, HTO h-h!.. 

MaTpena onycTHJiacb na JiaBKy h noTynnJiacB. 

— Hy, ^rro skt>, a noiiAy, — CKa3aJia AnioTKa. — H, TeTeHBKa 
MaTpena, K'BjraBKi cO-feraK), nocjiymaio... TaKOBO MysKHKH CTpa- 
aniHo rposaTca, y-y!.. 

— Hah, — npomenTajia MaTpena. 
AnioTKa yC'hsKBJiB,. 

>6 4. OTA'feJi'B r. 3 


34 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

It'fejiHft ACHb Maxpeea M-fecTa ceC'fe He naxoziHJia. Ueotjxsl ona 
BHXOAHJia Ha KpHJibHiO H npHCJiyniHBajiacb k-b rojiocaM'B Mymn- 

KOB'b, ropJiaHHBHIHXT> JT BHHHO^ JiaBKH. 

Eropt He npHXojiHJi'B ao Be^epa. 

Ki) Be^epy Maxpena hhcto yGpajia H36y,' yjro5KHJia Oe^BKy 
H, HaKHHyB'B Ha rojiOBy GojibmoK njiaTOKi*, BHmJia na oropoA'b. 

xvm. 

KynpmHi> Chji'b yme nojvb ocHHoit. 

Owb npoCpajicfl aaAaMHH HHKoro ne BcipiTHJii), KpoM'b 0omh 

BOJIOTO, KOTOpHfit, HbaHHft H JIOXMaTHfi, HOHaJICa BUJ Ha BHrOHt. 

Oh-b yanajiB Kynpiana, ho HH^ero He CKaaaji'b h, nraxaacb, 
nomeji'b cBoeK Aoporoli. 

Bhjio eni;e pano h coBepmeHHo cbIstjio, ho CBiTJio KaKHMB-To 

06MaH^HBHMI> CBiTOMB: b6JIH3H 6HJI0 BCe BHAHO, KaK'b AHeMi*, 

a H3AaJiH- cjiHBajiocb bb o6ni;yK) Maccy. 

— 3;rpaBCTByKTe, Kynpianb BacHJibeBH^'b, — aacrfeH^mBO npo- 
roBopHjia Maxpena, hoaxoah kI) neMy. 

— Moxp^, — xHxo oxBixjuii) KynpiaHB, — ne cepnaenib, ^e- 
jiaHHaa? 

Maxpena BcnHxnyjia h pacqB'fejia. 

— He... He cep^aH) a... 
KynpiaH'b ee oCnHJi-b. 

— BaM-b, KynpiiiHTb BacHJibeBHH-b, rpixB Mena o6H5Kaxb„ — 
3aroBopHJia Maxpena, — noxoMy a Bacb o^enno noHHxaio h BcerAa... 

— 51 9X0 noHHMaio, a xojibKO ropbKO MH-fe, hxo xaK-b xo name 
A'feJio HnxoAHx-b, — oxB-fexHJTb KynpiflH'B rpycxHo. 

— BdiWh xenepb na cejio xoAHXb Hejib3H, KynpiiiHi> BacHJibe- 
BH^Tb... o^eHHo My^KHKH cep^aioxx. 

— nyu];aK, — naxnyji-b pyKoJi Kynpian'b, — a hx-b ne o^enb-xo 
6oH)Cb, a ^xo yfixH mh^ oxcioAa cjihjijeThy tslkl 9xo Bipno. 

Oe'l xpaxnyji'b rojioBofi. 

Ha rjia3ax'b y Maxpenn noKasajiHCb cjiesH. 

— KyAa mi> bh yfiAexe? — ciipocHJia ona. 

— HoA'b OjiecTTy^ BacbKa 30Bexx... JSja. a dH ne nomejrb, 
emejiH 6li ne xanaa nama AOJia... hxoCh btb pa3JiyK'fe. 

— OxB Bora Bce, Kynpian'b BacHJibeBH^'b, — co cjiesaMH b'b 
rojioci BSAoxnyjia Maxpena. 

— Jla, jsfKTb xaM-b... A tbkl mnxb, Aynra ne cxepnaxi)... 
06a noMOJinajiH. 

Hefio Bce 6ojibnie h 6ojibnie xeMHtjio h 3ejieHfecJio cb OAHoro 
Kpaa. 

— He noMHHali, sna^HX^, jihxomb! — cKasaji'b KynpiaHB. 
Maxpena sanjiaKajia. 

— BoT'h BaM'b ' Ha noMomb, Kynpian'b BacHJibeBHTb, a a 


i 


KynpiiiHi. ^ 35 

Bacb Bcerzia... Momen>, Korj^a. BcnoMHHre, j^tnyniK'fe Oejiopy 
HHChMO jiJin uenn npHnumre... 
KynpiaffB oTBepnyjica. 

— Korfla sRiy BH?.. 

— CerOJXESl HO^bK) H ;iBHHeMCa, — HepOBHHM1> rOJIOCOMI> OXB'fe- 

THjit KynpiiJEi). 

y MaTpeHH Horn noAKocHJiHCb. Ona npncfejia na 6yropoKi> 
H CHJiBHie BanjiaKajia. 

— Hy, ^TO 5Ki> TH... MoTpa!.. Th hc njia^b, — 3aroBopHjn> 
KynpiaHi>. — Moacerb, eiu,e h cBujxBMcsi. . 

— HtT-b yacb, — npomenTajia MaipeHa. 

Bi) 9T0 BpeM^ BopoTa ABopa CHJibHo CKpHnnyjiH- 

MaTpena h KynprnH-b paaoMi) noAHajiH rOeiioBH 

Orb ;toMa, no AopomKi Cimajit EropT) HlHCaeB'b orb toji- 

CTOltt 5Kep;ibK) BTE> JiJRSiTb, 

— Ofi, Boace-m-b Moii! — BCKpHKHyjia MaTpesa, saKpHBaa: 
jiHii;o pyKaMH. 

KynpmBTb cbe^KHJica h oranHyjica BOKpyr^b. 

IXX. 

GoMa, maiaHCb h pyraacb, noCpejii) cb BHrona no cejiy. 
Okojio BHHHofi[ jiaBKH oro oKJiHRHyjiTb CeMeH-b. 

— 9a, GoMa... manKy nponnji-b! — BaKpH^aji-b oH-b. 
GoMa ocTanoBH^c^. 

— noxopoHHji'b HTO-Jib cTapyxy? — cnpocnji'b CeMeHi>. 

— He... — npoCopMOTaji-b GoMa. 

MyjKHKH aaCM'feHJIHCb. 

— Bt> npoKb coJiHTb ee xonenib, hto jih? — rjiyno 3y(5ocKa- 
jmjTb CeMeHi>. 

GoMa Tyno yjiH6ajrcH. 

— HevojiHmi^ MyacHK-b, — BBAOxnyji-b ciraceHbKi]^ BnTioroB'b. 

— HapoA'b, — oTOBBajicii Erop-b, — y Hero mena nonepjia, a 
owb naTpecKajic^... nban^yra!.. 

GoMa BApyr-b oGH/tiJica. 

— Hy, TH, cojiAaTi>, — ciy nbHEHM-b aa^opoMT) OTosBajica 
oKh, — He Ha TBOH A^HbrH nbK), nmrb TeC'fe KaKoe jxhsio?.. 

— Hy, npoBajiHBafl! — ciporo BOBpaanji'b Eropi) IIlHdaeB'b. 

— ^ero npoBajiHBaft, — HeyHHMajica GoMa, — a^o Moe^ menu 
Te6i> A'feJia ni>Th... noMepjia, tslkl ne tboh ne^ajib... Th 3a CBoefi 

<5M0TpH... 

EropTb ninCaeB'b BCTajii). 

— Hy, Hy, — yrpoH€aK)ni,e nporoBopnjrb owb. 
BnTioroB'b npH^epmaji'b ero 3a pyKaBTb. 

— HjiioHbTe BH na Hero... iiaB'fecTHO, nbiiHHK ^ejioB-fiK-b 6oji- 
Taerb, caM'b He 3HaeTT>... 

3* 


36 PyCCKOB BOrATOTBO. 

— Htxt 3HaK), — ynpHMO BoapasHJi'B Gona. 

— Hto th BHaenib?— (JarpoBtH h no^cTynaa kl Heny, npo- 
xpHH'feji'B Erop-B. 

— A TO H 3HaK), ^To Kh TBoeli 6a6'fe KynpiHffL - KOHOKpa^'b 
nomejit, h ceflt^acL TaM^. 

— Hto Bpenib, nbiiHaa rojioea — BciynHJica KacbaH'b Puaciit, 

— HH^ero He Bpy... caMOb BHAajii> celi^acb... na saffaxTy 
BCTp'feTHJi'b. IIpaMO Kh HCMy Ha oropoA'b nonep-B. 

Erop'b niHCaeB-b nocHH'feji'B. 

— BpaTI^H, — TOHCHbKHM'B rOJIOCKOMl) Bflpyri) saroBopHjiiy 

OHB, — noAco6HTe... 

GoMa noKa^HBaJica h yxMHJiHJica. 

— IIoAH, noAH... OH'b TeOt eme Hocb pacKBacHTt, — nacM'fem- 

JIHBO CopMOTaJI-b OH'b. 

— A H TO, MyjKHKH, ^To-^Ki) CMy cnym,aTb To! — noOTep5Ka«Ji':b 
Kacb^HB PtiSKiii. 

— IlepejioMaTb eMy pedpa, ^toO-b sHajii), KaK'b KoneJi yno- 

AHTb... 

— K'b Ha^ajibCTBy npzcTaBHM'b!.. 

— H^H HTO-JIb!.. 

— Bajin!.. 

— j^epmz ero! — saKpaqajii) ysKQ kto-to nbanHMB rojiocoMi). 
My^KiiKH noBajiHJiH K'b HSfii Eropa, no flopor* BH^eprHBaa 

najiKH HB-b njicTHeit. 

— SaxoAH cb CeMenoBa oropo^a, — KOMaHAOBaji-b BnTioroB'b. 

— Jla^Ho, He y^H, — OTBinajiH MymHKH, paa^'feJiflHCb na AB'fc 
nap'aH. O^a ^acTb noniJia repeal) HBop'b Eropa, Apyraa noBa- 
jiHjia CeMenoBHM'b oropojiOM-b. 

KorAa Erop'b IIlHdaeB'b yBHA'feji'b HSflajiH KynpiaHa ct> ace- 
Hofi, y Hero noTeMH'fejio bI) rjiasaxB, h ohb pHCbio uoOi^KaJi'b K'B 
HHM-b no oropo^y. 

KynpiflHB cpaay yBH^'feJi'b onacHOCTb h or.naA'feJica BOKpyrb. 

Erop'b IIlHdaeB'b, THHcejio cona, HajieTfejiB na nero. 

— A... — TOJIbKO MH^aJI'b OHB. 
SaHHM'b O-faJKaJIH BHTIOrOB'b H CeMeHTB. 

— J^epmn! — KpHnajin ohh Eropy. 

KynpiHH'B B^pyr-b 6pocHJica naBCTp'fe^y Eropy h go Bceft: 
CHJiH yAapHjn> ero canoroM-b b'b ^hbot'b.,. 

— 0-ofi! — aaKpHHaji'b Erop'b njia^iynxHMB rojiocoM'b, ponaa 
najiKy n crnOaacb B'b Tpn nornOejiH. — ^ep^n-n!.. 

Bhtiofobb Hajiex'feji'b na Kynpiana, ho nocKOJib3Hyjica h 
ynaji-b. CeMeffb nonaTHJica nasa^'b. 

— BirH, Kynpa... oit, FocnoAH! — rojiocHJia MaTpena. 
KynpiaH'b OpocHJica O'feJKaTb no oropoAy, npHraa ^epea'b- 

rpaAKH. 

— 9x1), xoTb-6H BacbKa... — noAynajiB OH'b. 


Ha nepepisT) eny OimajiH my^khkh cb CeMeHOsa oropo;ia. 

— ynycTKJiH... a^P^^h! — KpH^ajiH ohh. 

KynpinH-B Ctma.n'B hbo Bcfext chjiI), cjiHma, KaKi> caaAH 
<5'feryTT) BHTioroB'B h Eropi, onpaBHBmiKca orb y^apa. 

— He AoroHHT'L, — saAopno noAyMaji-B KynpiiiHi). 

Ho BT) ^ 9T0 BpeMH HTO-To y^apHJio ero no HoraM'B h nonajiocb 
noAi> Hory. KynpiHH'B cnoTKHyjicH h ynajii), e^Ba ycniB-B no- 
AyMaTb: 

— Hponaji-bl.'. 

— BoTb TaK-b... Aepata! — KpHKHyji-b KacbiiHi> PhskI^, 6po- 
<}HBinitt GMy noA'b Horn najiKy; 

BT) Ty 5Ke MHHyry KynpiHE-b BCKOHHJi'b na Hom, ho caaAH 
Ha Hero naBajiHJiCH Erop-b. 

KynpiflH'b XBaiHJi'b ero jioKTeM-b B-b jihuo, ho cTpaniHHft 
yAap'b no rojioBt cmHei) ero caMoro c-b nor-b. y nero Bce 3a- 
Kpy^KHJiocb BT) rjiaaax'b. HaAan, oht> yAapHJiCH JiHiJiOM'b o ^be- 
To Kojiino, BCKo^HJi'b H OHHTb ynajii), Bi^'fenHBmHCb najn>u;aMH 
B-b -qeH-TO annyH-b. YAapH nocnnajiHCb na Hero rpaAOMi). Kto- 
To CO Bcefl CHJM yAapHJiT) ero canoroMi* Biy rpyzib, n ^to-to 
ropn^ee xjiHnyjio y nero hso pia. KynpiiiH-b aaKpn^ajii) ToneHb- 
KHM-b rojiocoMT) H, BHHycTHB'b saxBa^eHHyK) nojiy 3iinyHa, BCTajTb 
^a ^eTBepHHKH, nyBCTByn, KaKi) KpoBb Te^OTi. y nero no JiHi^y 
H saJiHBaeT'b rjiaaa. 

— TojioBy pa36iTJiH... — cMyiHO MejibKnyjio Biy ero coanaHm 
H OHi> CHOBa ynaji-b. 

CKB03b peBT), yAapH, pyraTOJibCTsa h contnie B03HBmHxcii 
CTi EHM-b MysKHKOB-b owh ycjiHrnajiT^ eniie rojiocb, kslkl euy 
noKaaajiocb <E>eAopa TyHEBaro, ho na rojioBy eiviy o6pyniHjracb 
ciy CTpamnoJi chjio^ KaKaa-Tb ropa h 3eMJifl nonajia eMy bj> poT'b. 

Haii'b nHMi) o6pa30Bajracb cnyTaHHaa Ky^ia sHnyHOBi), Jian- 
Tefi, canoroBi), noAHHiMaioiii.Hxcfl: h onycKaiomHXCH KyjiaKOB-b. 

OeAop-b rynaBHtt, MosaBHft, coTCKift Ulnpymj h Apyrie My- 
muKK A'fefiCTBHTeJibHo fitmajiH CO ABopa, OT'b i^epKBH, ycjiHmaB^ 

npOH3HTeJIbHHK KpHKI) nOMOUj;H MaTpCHH K' peB'b nbHHHXT>, 

CimeHHX'b rojiocoBTb. Hmtb y^ajiocb pacxaniiHTb MymnKOBb, 

B036y5KAeHHHX'b, KpaCHHXTb H HOTHHX'b, di o6opBaHHHMH HOJiaMH 

H 6opoAaMn, ho Kynpian'b jie^Kajii) HHHKOM'b, noAornyB'b rojioBy, 
H yme He niOBejinjiCH. Bojioch ero cjinnjincb OT'b KpoBH h rpn3H. 
MymHKH, Ti35Kejio AHma, CMymennHe h ncnyranHHe, CToajin 
BOKpyr'b. 

— limb TbT, — npoCopMOTajiT) neAoyM'feJio KacbHHi> PHmft. 

— AxTb, TH rptx'b KaKOfi! — yAapnjii) oOT) hojih BHTioroB'b, 
OTopoH'fejio pa3CMaTpHBaE yCHTaro. — KaK-b 5Ke exo TaKi)... 

— SfiipH, He jiioAH, — ropbKO npoOopMoxaji'b FynfiBHtt. 

M. ApuwdaujeBTi. 


1 


KaKi* MBi dopoJiHCb npoTHBT) padcTBa. 

BcTOpH^ECKifl OqepRH H JUIHHUfl BOCnOMHHaHifl. 

(Ilepeeodz ct auuiucKaw C. IlactiuKoed). 


VI. 

Boft CTaHOBHTca JKapne. 

KoMnpoMHcct 1850 r. hm4jii uj-feJiLK) noKOHWTt cnopi Me3K;i;y 
paficTBOMt H cBo6o;i;ofi HaBcerfl;a. Ho 3to 6ojii>niaa OfflH6Ka — BOo6pa- 
acaTL, 6yji,to ^emja^j npHHn;HnaMH BOSMoaceHi KOMnpoMHCcit. BnojiHt 
npaBHJiBHO H B03MoacHO ycTpaHBaTB KOMnpoMHCCH Meac;i;y npoTHBO- 
noJioacHHMH unme^ecaMU, ho He Meac^y npoTHBonojioacHHMH npuH- 
VfUnaMU, HontiTKH nocjiifl;Haro pofl;a paBHOcHJiBHH KpHKaMi.: ^Mnp^l 
MHpt!" Kor;i;a h^ti MHpa. 9to to ace, hto — roBopa: cjiOBaMH nHcania — 
„KJiacTB cTiny na Heramenofl HSBecTH, xaKt ^ito ^ociaTO^HO jrHCHn,'& 
npofi^acaTB no CTtni, ^to6h ona pasBajiHjiacB". 

E^Ba ycTpoeni. 6um> KOMnpoMHCCB 1850 r., KaK'L BoSna cjio- 
30Wh H nepoMt H noJiHTHHecKaji arHTan;iH bo3o6hobhjihcb ct 6ojib- 
mefi apocTBH), ^iMi Korfl;a-jiH6o. Bt xe^enie cjii^yiomaro fl;eca- 
THJitTia — ci 1850 no 1860 r. — pa6oBJia^Hie o^epacajio MHoro no- 
6^]^b. Oho BH6pajio bi npe3H;n;eHTH Enpca bi 1852 r. h BroKanaHa 
Bt 1856. 06a 6hjih cfeBepane h o6a npecMHKaJiHCL nepe^t pa6o- 
BJia;ai^HieM'B. Pa6oBjraji,^Bn;Br namjiH, ^to roacane, Bpojii'fe Saxapia 
TafijQLopa, xoTfl[ caMH BJia^-fejiH neBOJiBHHKaMH, ;i;ajieK0 ne 6hjih xaKi. 
noKopHH, KaKi ciBepane xnna Hnpca h BroKanaHa. 

Pa6oBJia;i;'fejiBi^aM'B y;i;ajrocB yHH^xoacnxB MHCcypiflcKifl KOMnpo- 
MHCCi 1820 roji;a, KOxopEiMx nojiarajiact rpaHHn;a Meac;i;y fljByMa 
qacTSMH coKSHofi xeppHTopin: ji;ocTynHo3 h He^ocxynnofi pa6oBjia- 
jottniK). Bthmx. KaHsaci n HefipacKa 6hjih oxkphxh neBOJiBHH^ecTBy. 
BoacaKOMt bi npoBe^enin axofi MipH 6hjii n-feExo CxEBent A. Jl^y- , 
rjiaci, BHaMenniHH ji;eMOKpax^-c^BepaHHHi». Oni ocnoBaJii cbok> 
KaMnaniio na $opMyjii, nsBtcxnofi no;!;^ xepMnnoMi „CKBaxxepcKift 
CyBepennxexx.", no Koxopofi nocejieHn;H („cKBaxxepLi"), sanflBniie 


I 
i 

J 


KAKl MH BOPOJIHCt nPOTHBX PABCTBA. 39 

TeppHTopiK), caMH ji;ojraKHH 6ujle piinHTB, jionycTHTB pa6oBjra;fl;^Hie, 
HJEH HiT'B, Kor;i;a „TeppHTopia'* cTaHOBHJiacB „niTaTOMi". Konrpeccy 
He ^03BOJHiJiocL sanpemaTB pafioBjia^iJiBi^aM'B cejiHTBca BMicTt co 
CBOHMH pa6aMH r;n;i 6u to hh 6Hjro, noKa M-fecTO nocejieHia 6hjio 
HOjt'L ynpaBJieHieMt xeppHTopiajiBHaro npaBHTejiBCTBa. npe;i;nojiara- 
jiocL H oacHji;ajD[ocB, KOse^HO, ^to k% TOMy BpeMenn, b^k% npByi;eTCH 
yaaKOHflTL KOHCTHTyniiio noBaro miaTa, pa6cTB0 Cy^eTt yse Bt 
mraTt, h ohx cjnijraeTca pa6oBJiaj^ijiL^ecKHM!B no Heo6xo;i;HMOCTH. 
Uoji.'h BJiianieMii. CTHBena A. Jyrjiaca dTOVh saKont o „CKBaTTep- 
cKOMi CyBepeHHTeTi" 6ujn> 6HCTpo npoBej^ent ^epest KOHrpecct, 
n fl;^jro 3to 6Hjro acepTBoS Jtyrjiaca na ajiTapi ero 6yji;yni;aro npe- 
3Hfl;eHTCTBa. Ost hh 6ojrLnie, hh MenLnie, KaKt npefl;ocTaBHJii pa6o- 
BJiaiHtHiio ecTb „meppumopiu^ fl;jia o6pani;eHifl[ hxx bi pa6oBJiafl;iJiL- 
qQpKie HiTaTH. 

Cjiiji;yioni;eS aaT^Mt no6*fl;ofi pa6oBj[afl;iHiH 6hjio npoBeji;eHie Bt 
Kanaacfe JleKOMnTOHCKofi KOHCTHTyi^iH. KoHCTHTyn;ia axa 6Hjra BBe- 
aena MHccypificKHMH pa6oBjrajiiiJiLn;aMH, KOTopne OTnpaBHJiHCB b^ 
EaHsacB h 3aBjiafl;^JiH TaMi <H36HpaTejiLHbiMH ypnaMH. Bca CHJia 
HcnojiHHTejiLHofi BjiacTH 6HJia, Bt npe3Hji;eHTCTB0 Ilnpca h BioKa- 
Hana, na hxi cxopoH*, h pa6oBjia;i;ijiLi];H nojiL30BajiHCB ea. no;n;- 
nepacKofl HacKOJiLKO tojibko mopjih, ^to6m nojuaBHTL CBo6o;i;y Bt 
EaH3ac^. HcTopia KaH3accKofi 6opb6h eni;e oacn^iaeTi CBoero hcto- 
pHKa. Ona nojina CB^Ta h t^hgh, repoHsna h ho^jiocth, Tparnne- 

CKHXi npOHCHieCTBifl H pOMaHTH^eCKHXl HOfliBHrOBt. KaKt KeHTyKKH 

6hji:b „3eMJiefi npana h KpoBH** b'l 6ojiie panma: BpeMena, TaKt 
EansacB CTajiib 3eMJiefi Mpana h KpoBH bo Bpeiia cTOJiKHOBenia cbo- 
6o;i;h ch pa6cTB0Mi. BopL6a mjia Me^^iy ;i;o TaKofi CTeneHH Hepan- 
HHMH npoTHBHHKaMH, ^TO CO cTopoHH a6oJiHi^ioHHCTOB'L Haji;eac;n;a na 
KaKofi 6h TO HH 6hjio ycnixt KasajiacB j^^jiOMt 3Jio6flaro OT^aaHia. 
MnccypificKie pa6oBJiaflitjiLiiiH, 3Ha^G0[TejiLHo npeBOcxo;i;HBniie HHCJiOMt 
KaH3accKoe HaceJienie, naBOAHHJiH TeppHTopiio, yfiHBajiH cbo6oji;- 
HHXTb noce:iieHi^eB'B, 3axBaTHJiH H36HpaTejiBHEia ypHw, H36pajrH pa6o- 
BJiafli'fejiL^ecKoe 3aKOHo;i;aTejiLHoe co6paHie h cocTaBHJiH A^a mTaTa 
pafioBJia^^jiLqecKyK) KOHCTHTyii,iH). Konrpeccb, diisniifi bi pyKaxt 
paeoBjEaj^ijELi^eBt h, o;a;HHi 3a inpypHMt, ;nBa npe3H;i;eHTa npHsnajiH 
3TH $aKTH 3aK0HHHMH H ^ajiH BoeHHHa CHjiH coiosa ji^Jisi Hxt Ho;g,- 
;i;epacKH. Boti bo hto BHpo;i;HJica ,,CKBaTTepcKi3 CyBepHHTeTi": hh 
CKBaTTepaMt, hh nepecejieHn;aMt ne naBajiH bbbcth Ty KOHCTHTyD,iH), 

KOTOpoft HMT> XOT-fejIOCL, a KOHrpeCCL OTpeKCa OTT» CBOefi BJiaCTH B'L 
nOJILSy HOrpaHH^HEIXi MHCCypifiCKHXt pa36ofiHHKOB'B. 

Ho KansaccKHxi nepecejieHi^eBt, cToaBmnxi 3a cBo6o;i;y, ne TaKt- 
To jierKO 6mjio o6e3Kypaffi;HTB. Ohh 3HajiH, ^to npano 6hjio na HXt 

CTOpOH-fe H ptniHJ[HCB OTCTaHBaTB 3T0 HpaBO. IIpaBO 3T0 6h3IO ]I,0 

TaKofl CTeneHH o^eBH;fl;HO, ^to n.ij[Hfi paj^t ry6epHaTopoBi, H36paH- 
HHXt H HasHaHeHHBTXiB npesHfljeHTaMH EnpcoMi h BioKaHaHOMi» ci 
TtMi, qTo6H OHH HOjuaBHJiH CBofiojuy, 0TKa3ajiHCB OTi CBoefi npeff- 


i 


40 pycoKoa BorATOXBO. 

BSHTOd nOJZKTHRH npH B^JSJk JSaCHMXl ^aKTOB'E HB M^CTt H CXajIH 

Bi onnoBHAiio m> HecnpaBe;i;jiHBoi obcxeMi pa6oBJiaAtJiLii;eBi. IIo- 
;i;o6ho BajiaaMy, ohh AfBHjiHCt bi KaHsact ci A-fejiLio — npoKJiHHaTB, 
a ocTaBDiHCB TaMi, cxajiH 6jiarocJiOBJiaTL. TaK^ oho 6hjio, HanpH- 
Mipi, ci ry6epHaTopoM'B PH;i;epoMTE,, npoTZBHHKOM'B sanpeniieHia 
HeBOJiBHE^ecTBa Bi DiTaTt, Kor^a ero Tyfl;a nocjiajiH b% 1854 r. 
Ohi ofitaBHJH BH6opH Bt MicTHoe saKOHO^aTejiLHoe co6paHie. 
MHccypi3n;H nepeniJiH rpaHHii;y, aaxBaxEJiH H36HpaTejiLHHa ypHH ii 
BHfipajiH 6Y]jjm,KTh 3aKOHo;i;aTejiefl. 9to fliaace h PH;i;epi ne mofl 
fl;onycTHTL h ont KaccnpoBajii. bh6oph. 3a axo nnpcb OTCTaBHJi'B 
ero, saMiHEBt HlaHHOHOMi. Ho nyxB na m4cto HasHa^enia IIIaH- 
HOHi fl;epacajix pi^L k'l MHCcypiSniaM'b na xy xeMy, ^ixo ohi — 3a 
BBefljenie paficxBa bi KaHsacfe. Ho bh;!;^ JKecxoKBX'B npecji^AOBaHiiS 
B y6ificxBt, KaKBMt nojipeprajiECL KaHsaci^H, sacxaBE-ii h ero oxKa- 
saxLCff oxi npe;DtB3axaro Bsrjiaflia. Ont, noaxoMy, xoace nojiy^Ejnb 
oxcxaBKy, a na ero nocxi HasHa^eni rnpn (Geary). O^HaKO, h bi 
FBpE nojioacenie ^^Jit BH3Bajio xaKoe oxBpamieHie, ^xo ohx» no;i;ajii 
Bi oxcxaBKy. ry6epHaxopoM'B c]5,^iB,wh 6uji'h Pofiepxi Jac. YoKepi. 
yoKepi 6hLJLi, Bt 6ojiLniExt ^aBopax-B y pa6oBJia;i;ijiLi^eB'B; ho h 
OHt no^ajix* B-B oxcxaBKy, Hafl^^a HeBOSMoacHHMi ji^Jisi cefia a^Scxbo- 
BaxB, KaKi xoro xpe6oBajii oxt Hero npe3Hfl;eHX'B BioKaHanit. Meaf;i;y 
xiMi cBOfl;ojpo6HBEie nepecejieni^H Bce npnjiHBajiE bx. Kansaci, ne 
CMOxpa Ha pa6oBJiafl;ijiLHecKyK) onno3Hn;iK), xaKX ^xo, HaKoneAX,, 
^HCJio Hxi cxajio ypaBHOBi^niHBaxB qncjio MECcypiftnieBi», e ohe b^ 
cocxohhIe 6bijib ;n;aBaxB nocjii^^HEMT. oxHopx, Kor;i;a fl;ijio fl;oxo;i;HJio 

fl;0 OXKpHIOfl CXBaXKH. 

KaH3ac'B, BB cymHOcxE, 6hji'b na BoeHHOMX. nojioaceHiH. JIio^iiaM'B, 
ocyacAaK)in;HM'B Kannxana Jtacona Bpayna h3'b OccaBkxoMH sa xo, ^xo 
OHi yH0xpe6Eji'B nacHjiie npoxHBi nacHJiiji, ne cjitjiiyext 3a6BiBaxB 
Bctxi xtxB ySificxBx., KoxopHH coBepnieHH 6hjih pa6oBJiajii'6jim;aME 
cpe;i;B HocejieHii;eB'B B3i cbo6o;i;hhx'b mxaxoB-B h coBepnieHH 6e3Ha- 
KasaHHO. JI^OHt Bpaynx* daji'B Bexxo3aB'feTHH8 repofi, Bi^pHBniifi b:b 
„B03;i;aaHie" h ptniEBmia, ^xo BHineynoiiaHyxHM'B yeificxBaMt ;hoji- 
acen^ 6hxb nojioacenx KOHei];^. Oh'b conpoxHBJiajica EXopaceHiaMi h 
6hji'b BxopraBmBxca b% oxkphxom'l nojii. Ohb, paBHHMX> o6pa30M'B, 
npESHaBajn) CHpaBefliJiBBHMT) y6i3cxB0 y6iHn;'B, x. e, BBHOBHUxt bi 
xjiafliHOKpoBHOMi ySiflcxBi nepecejiennjeBX. h3X» cbo6oji;hhx!b nixaxoB'B, 
HO KOXopHxt 3aK0HX» E OFO Hpe^cxaBBxeJiB ocxaBJiajiB 6e3HaKa3aH- 
HHMB. Bb axoMi nyHKxi a c^Bxaio ero HenpaBHMt. 

C'feBepffHe ptmHjiB npoxBBonocxaBEXB pa6oBJiaji;iJiLq[ecxBy 6ojib- 
HiHHCXBo Hacejiema. 06necxBa ji^jisl homoh^b nepecejieHii;aMX. 6hjib 
ocHOBaHH Bi Maccaqy3exci. 9xe o6ni;ecxBa oxnpaBJiajiB Jiio;i;e8 bx» 
KaH3ac'B |CB n;iJiBK) cfl;iJiaxB ero cbo6oji;hhmi mxaxoMi. Oahhi h3'b 
xaKBXi nepecejieHAeBB ocHOBaji'B bb iiojii 1854 r. JIoypencB; ;i;py- 
rofi nojioacBjix. na^ajio Tohek*. KaKi cKopo cmhcjii axofi xaKXBKB 
6hji'b noHBX'B, MBCcypifin;H BxoprnyjiECB bi KansacB b nuxajiBCB 


KAK-B MH BOPO-IHCB HPOTHBl PABCTBA. 41 

BUTiCHHTB H3B HerO GB06oj(HHX'& HOCeJieHAeBX. Bo Bpetffl BBl6opOB'b 
OHH, Kant MH BHA'i^JIH, GHOBa H GHOBa HaBOJi;HHJIH EaHBaGI* H H3- 

6pajiH 6jiaronpiaTHaro pa6oBJiaA'fejii>^eGTBy fl;eJieraTa Bt KOHrpecct: 
aTO 6bijio cj^tJiaHO no coBtTy oja;Horo hbi. MHGGypifiGKHXi .cena- 

TOpOBl. 

noGeji6Hii;K[ HSB npoTHBHKKOBB pa6cTBa co6pajinGB Bi TonERt n 
BHpa6oTjuiH B% OKTflfipi 1855 r. laKt HasHBaeMyio TonnKiScKyiD 
KOHCTHTyn;iio. 

MkcGypifiAH npofliOJiacajiH BTopraTBca bi Kanaaci h coBepmaTB 
yfiiflcTBa Gpe;^H npHnuTHxi h3b CBo6ofliHHXi niTaTOBi. H^kto Bap- 
6ep'B, ^ejiOBiKi CMHpHHfi, Shjh saGipijieHt areHTOMX no fliijiaMt 
HHfl;Mii;eBB KjiapKOMi sa to, ^to OTKaaajica 3a,HHMi cjiifljOBaTB, 
Kor^a KjiapKB OT;i;ajiB TaKofl npHKasx. ^aiSTB 6hiJii> o6in;eH3BicTHHS 
H^ ofliHaKO, npe3Hfl;eHT'B HnpcB ocTaBHJiB Kjiapna na cjiyacdi. Mhc- 
GypifiinBi xoT-fejiH paspyniHTB JIoypencB, ho ry6epHaTop'B IIIaHHOH'B 
nosBOJiHJi'B ofiHTaTejiflMB 8Toro noGejieniff BoopyacHTBca h 3am"H- 
m;aTBGfl. IIIaHHOH'B 6ujvh ofiBHHeHB MHCGypifiAaMH bi> a6ojini].ioHH3Mt 
H nojiy^HJiB OTCTaBKy. Bi 1856 r. eojikobhhk'b Bio^op;!;^ npHBejn 
bb KaHsac'B g'b lora hojikb c% neGRpHBaeMOio ii;tJiBH) bbtt^ghhtb 
nepecejieHi^eBi cBo6ofl;HB[X'B ffliaTOBB. npe3Hji;eHTB h Genarop'B Jy- 
rjiacB noOT^pfflHBajiH 9to BTopacenie. Bi Ma-fe MHccypifiii,B[ nanajiH 
Ha ropoji.'B JIoypencB h rocTHHHn;a, THnorpa$iff h WY^i^ 3fl;aHia wh 
HOM'B 6bijih pa3pymeHBi. IIpoTHBHBifl pa6oBJiaA*JiB^ecTBy 3aK0Hfl;a- 
TeJiBHBifl nepcoHajix 6hji'b pasoraaHB hojikobhhkomb CeMnepoMi, 
o$Hii;epoMB apMin Coe;i;HHeHHHxi IHTaTOBx, corjiacHO npHKasy hsx 
BaniHHrTOHa. Ohi saHBHjiB ^jienaMi Go6paHiH, ^to npe;i;nHcaHHHH 
eaiy j^McuBia 6ujie npoTHBHu KaKB ero qyEGTBaMX, TaKX h ero 
acejraHiHMB, ho ^to ohi npHHyac;i;eHi noBHHOBaTBCii bi BH;n;y nojio- 
shtbjibhbexb npHKasanid npesH^eHTa. 

Bx 1857 ro;i;y kohbohtb, H36paHHBiS MHGcypifiii;aME[, npHHHJiB 
TaKi HasHBaeMyK) JlHKOMHTOHGKyK) KOHCTHTyr^iio. npe3H;i;eHTi EnpGB 
yTBep»;iiajiB, ^ito 3T0 h ogtb HacTOJ^^^aH KaHBaGCKaa K0HGTHTyD,i5i, 
xoTH 0TJIH1H0 BHajiB, ^TO OHa HaHHcaHa jik);i;bmh, ^yacAHMH miaTy, 
H ^TO orpoMHoe 6ojiBniHflGTBO HacejieHiff ne acejiajio fl;onycTHTB bx 
KaH3acB HeBOJiBHH^ecTBO. JiHKOMnTOHGKaH KOHCTHTyAiH fiwjia npH- 
HjTTa KOHrpecGOMB noffi BJiiHHieMB IlHpGa H napiiH ;n;eMOKpaTOB'B. 
Ho HaGejceme KaHBaca OTKaBajiocB ee hphhhtb. Bi stom'b oho 6btjio 
now^P^aHo HacejieHieMX HoBofi AnrjiiH. OGHOBana 6HJia Jinra gbo- 
6ofl;HBixx miaTOBi. Ona GoSnpajiaGB bb jiiOM-fe fl;oKTopa CaMiosJii Ka- 
6oTa B'B BoGTOHi. Oh-b 3Ke 6uji'h H en npe3Hji;eHT0MB, 9Ta jinra 
nocjiajia KansacniaMB pyacBH cHGTeMBi Illapna, ^to6bi a^tb hmb bob- 
MoacHOGTB 3ani;Hn^aTBGff. Jtacop;i;ac'B JI. CinpHCB (Stearns) TaK^e 6ujii> 
flpyroM-B H hocoShhkom'b JmoHa Bpayna; ohb Toace noTOepacHBajH) 
ji!^o gbo6o;i;h bb KansaGi cb Sojibhioio n;eji;pocTBK). Jpyran Jinra 
6Hjia OGHOBana uojx;h rjiaBoncTBOM'B megghgi Ka6oTi; 3Ta GHa6acajia 
EaHBaci^eB'B irjiaTBeM^ h nnmeft, BUGHJiaeMHMH bb Boctohi h30 


42 pyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

Bcfext M^CTX HoBoS AnrjLiH. 9th ycHJiia ne Majio cnoco6cTBOBajrH 
OKOH^aTejiLHOMy peayjTLTaTy, b'l cHJiy KOToparo Kansaci Bt kohu;* 

KOHItOB'B CTaJIt CBOfiOfliHHM'L HITaTOMT.. 

JI,eBaTHaOTaTaro h ^BafliniaTaro Man 1856 voia. ^apjrst CeMHept 
npoH3Heci Bi CenaTi cbok) pi^B „o npecTynjiemH npoTHBt Kan- 
3aca". B'L Hefi ap^yMeHTa^ia coe^HHajiacL ct. ajijOBHTHMi asHKOMt, 
KecTOKaa HecnpaBe;n;jiHBOCTB, y^HHeHHaa npasHTejiLCTBOMt Coe^iH- 

HeHHHX'B niTaTOB'B HO OTHOHieHilO Kl KaHSacy, 6HJ[a BHCTSBJieHa 

CeMHepoMT. 6e3i» npHKpact h ^nroBHXt jiHCTKOBt. Ho cjioBaMt, 
no3Ta BHTxiapa, „8to 6HJia Ta acecxoKaa h cTpamHaa ^paB;^a, Ka- 
Koft Tpe6oBajfa ocTpaa 6oji'fe3HL HamonajEBHaro KpnsHca". Pa6oBJia- 
^ijiBi^eBi KOHrpecca aia BHCTaBKa y no3opHaro cT0Ji6a pa3;i;pa3KHJia 
jtfi cyMacinecTBia, ho ejUHHCTBenHBifl otb^i^b, HM^Bmifica y nnxx, 
3aKJ[K)iiaJica bi ^HSHqecKOMi. nacHJiiH npoTHBi) opaTopa. IIpecTOHi^ 
C. BpyKci H3I. K)aKHofl KapojiHHH Hanaji'B na CSMHepa no saKpLiTiH 
cenaTCKaro saci^ania, Korfl;a toti nncaji'B, cH^a na cbobmi ooBiq- 
HOMi M^CT*. noBpeac;i;6Hia 6b[Jih nacTOJiBKO TaacKH, ^to npomjio n.*- 
jiHX'B qeiHpe rofl;a, npeffi;i;e h^m-b C^MHepi mqfb CHOsa noaBHTBca 
B% cenaTi. Bo see 3to Bpena Maccaqy3eTC'B ocTaBjiajri ero m^^cto 
He sanaTBiMx h, hojuoCho TOMy KaKt Tan;HTi roBopHTi 061 OTcyT- 
CTBiH CTaiyfl Bpyxa h Kaccia na noxoponax'B IOhIh — t^m-b aaM-feT- 
Hie ohx 6BiJri, ^ito ero laM^ ne 6ujio. By^B 9to Hana;i;eHie, bto 
OTBpaTHTejiBHoe npecTynjienie npoTHBt cbo6oah cjioBa bi Konrpecc^ 
IHijiOMi) OTjij-fejiBHaro y6ifiiiiti, KaKHMi. 6hjio, HanjMiMi&p'B, y6iacTB0 
JiHHKOJiBHa ByscoMi. (Booth), oho ne noBpe^HJio 6h t2lk% HHTepe- 
csiWb iOra. Ho ]sj^io bi. tomi., ^to otx Bysca K)rB OTpeKca, BpyKca- 
ace npeBOsnecB. Bojibdihhctbo cenaia BtipasHJio nocjiiji;HeMy nopn- 
Aanie, ohi nofl;aj[i. bi oTciaBKy h 6ujii, cHona H36paH'B cb xpiyM- 
^OMT.. Ero Hanafl;eHiio na CeMHepa loacnaa npecca annjio;a;HpoBajia 
HO^TH CB ejijHHOrjiacHBrM'B e^HHOji;ymieMi. Eny ;napHJiH TpocTH; ero 
no3fl;paBjiajiH rocy;i;apcTBeHHHe jho^h lora. TyMCx (Toombs), Jace$- 
^epcoHX, JtaBHCB, MacoHX BHpaacajiH nojiHoe o^o6peHie ero nocTynKy. 
npe3HflieHT'B BiOKaHaH'B xapaKTepHsonajTB pi^iB CeMHepa, KaKi. „ca- 
Myio ByjiBrapnyK) THpa;i;y pyraTeJiBCTBi., KaKaa Korji;a jih6o 6Hja, 
npoH3HeceHa bi npe;i;cTaBHTejiBHOM'B cofipaniH", BpyKci trq bh- 
pa3HJfca, ^To OHX nocTynHJi'B „Heo6j[i,yMaHHo". 

OjUHaKO, BTO 3BipcKoe Hanaj^enie na CBo6ofl;y bi jihii;^ ea samiHTHHKa, 
KaK'B H Bci ocTajiBHBia jio6'^jiu pa6oBJiaji;i^JiBiiecTBa, 6hjio, bx cym;- 
HOCTH, ero nopaacenieMx h HecqacTieMi). Mnorie, jijo Tfexi nop'B cxoaB- 
jnie Bi cTopoH-fe ot% a6ojiHi];ioHHCTCKaro jiiBHacenia, xenepB npHniJiH 
Ki saKjnoHeniK), ^ito conpoTHBjieHie BHCOKOM^pnoiiy 6e33aKOHiio pa- 
6oBJia;fl;'fejiBii;eB'B cxajio Heo6xoji;HMOCTBK). 

MncTepi. CgMHep'B KaKi to pa3i noKasajr-B mh^ npiofiptTeHHKifi 
EWb „Album Amicorum", o^hi hsi t^xi, KaKie ynoTpeSjiajiHCB 
eBponeflcKHMH yqenHMH BpeMeHi B03po3Kfl;eHia ;n;jia sanecenia Ty;i;a 
aBTorpa$OBX» co6paTifi no nayK*. Bi ajiB6oMi, cocTaBjraBmeM'B xe- 


KAKt MH BOPOJIHCL nPOTHBt PABCTBA. 43 

nept co6cTBeHH0CTB T^apjiLsa Ceiis'epa, hm^jiocb, Measly npo^HMt, 

HiCKOJILKO CTpOKt, HaQHCaHHBIX^ PJKOK) JI^aCOHa MflJIBTOHa. IloKa- 

3HBaa MHi dTOTb aBTorpa$i, CeMHepi* cKaaajit, ^to oco6eHHO jio- 
pojKHiTB HMi, H BOTt HO KaKOMj cjiy^aio. 0;i;HaacAH, nocjit naHe- 
ceHHaro cmj jBt^Ba, CeMsept oujii b-b ^pesBH^afino no^aBjieH- 
HOMt cocToaniH, nofl;!) BJiiaHieMt onacenia, ^to HHKorfl;a 6ojiie ne 
Bt cocToaniH 67^1:611 sanaTB cBoe m^^cto bi cenaT^. Cjiy^aSHo ohx 
pasBepHyjit MnjitTOHa h B3rjiH;fli'B ero ynajix na coneTi noojii;i;Haro 
no.noBO^y co6cTBeHHog cjiinoxH. C^MHept npo^ejii: „ What supports 
me, dost thow ask? 

The conscience, friend, to have lost them, overplied 

In liberty's defence, my noble task 

Of which all Europe rings from side to side *). 

Cji'feji.yioiniaa no6iji;a pa6oBJiafl;ijrLqecTBa oji,epataHa 6HJia Bt 1857 
ro;i;y, Korji;a BepxoBHwS cyji,i CoejijHHeHHEix'B iniaTOBt pimnji'B 
ycTaMH BepxoBHaro cyji;BH Tanaa (Taney), ^to KOHrpecci» ne HMi^jit 
npasa aaupemaTB pacnpocTpaneHie HeBOJiBHH^ecTBa na „TeppHTO- 
piaxt" coK)3a, h ^^:o ii;BtTHOKOffiifi, npe;i;KH Koxoparo 6hjih pa6aMH, 
He Mori 6htb rpaH;i;aHHHOM'L . Coe;fl;HHeHHHxi iniaTOBt. TaKHMi 
oopaaoMt, CBo6ojiiHEifl ii;BtTHOK03Ki3, . xots 6Br OHt 6ujn>, corjiacHO 
cyn^ecTBOBaBiHHM'B bi» to BpeMff, HanpHM^pt,, Bt MaccagyseTci, sa- 
KonaMX, rpaKji;aHHHOMi> amozo mmama, JiHinajrcfl npaBa B^HHaTL 
HCKH, HJiH caMOMy 6htl cyOTMHMt Bx col03H^Lx^ cyji;axx. Pi^meHie 
3T0 npsMO HSBpamajio ncTopH^ecKie $aKTH, yTBepac^aa, 6yfl;T0 6h 
BO BpeMH $opMyjiHpoBaHia h ycTanoBJieHia KOHCTHTyAin na i^b^tho- 
KOffiHXt CMOTp-fejiH, KaKt Ha cyii];ecTBi> HHSinaro nopaji;Ka, „He HMi^io- 
in,HXi> TaKHxi upaB-B, co6jiK);fl;eHie KOTopHxt 6hjio 6h odaaaxejiLHO 
ji^s. etjiMXt**. Cy;fl;ba Tanafi 3aaBHJii», ^to JiHn;a, noAnncaBmia 
fl,eKJiapaii;iio neaaBHCHMOCTH, pascMaxpHBajiH nerpoBt ucKjiwHumejibno, 
nanrb codcmeenuocmb, ho othk);i;b ne KaKt AU^^. H Bce 3to cydbH 
TaH9fi HHcajit^ He CMOipa na saaBireHia JI^3Ke$$epcoHa, ^paHKJiHHa 
H ;n;pyrHX'B jiHn;i» hx^ noKOJiinia HecnpaBe;i;jiHBOCTn HeBOJiLHH^e- 
CTBa HB^THOKoiKHXt. SaT-^Mi cy^t pirnHJiT., WHO MHCcypiflcKifl kom- 
npoMHCCE H Bct ocTajiBHue aKTH KOHrpecca, orpaHH^HBaBmie pa6o- 
Bjia^ijiBii,eBi B-B EX'S CTpeMJieniH nepeBOjiiHTB cbohxx neBOJiBHHKOBi 

na CB060JIiHyK) TeppHTOpilO COI03a, 6LIJIH npOTHBHH KOHCTHTyD,iH. 

Jtjia Haci, H^KOTopHXi. Macca^yseTHjeBt, 6bijio ne MajiHM'B yxi- 
ineHieMi> to o6cToaTejiBCTBO, hto cynBa BeHji;3KaMHH'B P. KepTHCB 
He corjiacHJica ci sthmx pimenieM^ z bi cynj,HOCTH ynH^ToacHJii* 
BCK) apryMeHTai^iK) BepxoBHaro cy;i;LH pa;a;oMX ^aKTOBi, KOTopHe 
HCBOSMoacHo 6bijio OTpHn,aTB, H jiorHKofi, KOTopyio HejiBsa 6bijio yMa- 


*) «Tn cnpamnBaeniB, hto noA;!i;epHCHBaeTi> Mena? — CosHame, ,n;pyri>, tto h 
noTepflJH} HX'B (rjiasa) otI) nenocnjiBHaro HanpflHcenifl, ci> KaKnifB a san^nniaji'B 
CBo6o;iy, — ottb. HanpflHtenia b-b 6jiaropo;iiHOMi> ^tjiife Moefi hchbhh, cjiaBa koto- 
paro SBy^nTx bo BceS Espon^ otI) Kpaa b ;ii^o KpaH». 


44 pyCOKOE BOrATOTBO. 

jihtl; Mei, rpaac;fl;aHe-TOBapHm;H, fl;ase o;i;HOKafflHHKH KepiHca no 
DiKOJi'fe, BHaBinie ero cnocodnocTH, 6ujie 6jiaro;i;apHH cyfl;i>6'fe 3a to, 
^To OHt aacijuaji'B bi to Bpaara na cyfl;e6Hofi cKaMt* h Mori, Ta- 
KHMX o6pa30M'B, pa36HTB co$H3MH TaHaff H BHCTaBHTL Ha ii03opHm;e 
ero HeBteecTBO. 

MHoroe moxho 6ujlo cKasaTL npoTHB'B 3aK0Ha o 6^rjiBix'B He- 
BOJiLHHKaxt, npoBe;i;eHHaro Bt 1850 ^o;^y, KaKi ^acTb „KOMnpo- 
MHCca". CorjracHO KoncTHTyi^iH Coe;i;HHeHHHX'B HlTaTOBT. „hckh, 
pasSnpaeMEie no o6HqHOMy npaBy, h bi» KOTopHXi cnopx H;i;eTi» o 
cyMMfi, npeBHfflaK)ni;efi ;niBafl;i];aTL ;i;ojijrapoBi, noj^jreacaTi cy^y npn- 
CJKKHHxt", a TaKace — „hhkto ho MoaceTi 6htb jiHnieHi jkhshh, cbo- 
6o;a,u, hjeh HMyn^ecTBa nna^e, KaRi* Ha^JieHaniiHM'B cy;i;e6HE[Mx no- 
pa^KOMt". Meacfl;y t^mi., Ha ocHOBanin saKona o StrjiMXt neBOJiLHH- 
Kax!B, ^B4THOKoacifi, acHBym;ifl bi cbo6oahomb niTaTi, KaKi CBo6o;^- 
hhS ^ejiOBiKt, Mon 6hti> cxBa^eHi bi Ka^ecTB* neBOjiBHHKa h 
fliOCTaBJieHi na lori., bx pa6cTB0, ne BH^tBi. bt. rjiasa he cyfliLH, hh 
npHC^acHBixt. TaKie cjiy^an 6HBajiH. H^kto Annan's rH6coH'B, n;BtTHo- 
Koacifl, 6hjii. cxBa^en'L Bt IleHCHjiLBaHiH, KaKt 64rjiHS pa6'L, h, ct 
HH^iMB HeonpaBji;HBaeMofi nocniniHOCTLK), BHjiiaH'B KOMMHCcapoMt 
Coeji;HHeHHHXt DlTaTOBB 3;i;Bapji;oMt Jt. HnrpaMOMi (Ingraham). 
rH6coHa 3;ocTaBHjrH bt, 9jilktohi, ito bi. M8pHJi3H;i;i, ho Taait ero 
npejUnojiaraeMBifi Bjiaj[i,ijiei];'B, BnjiLaMiB T. HaflxB (Knight), OTKa- 
sajica nojiyqHTB ero, o6%sicesik, ^to ^ocxaBJieHHBifi rH6coHB „He 
TOTx", — H Hec^acTHaro ocbo6o;i;hjih. Bb j^annoMX cjiyqa'fe pa6oBjra- 
fl;tjien;'B oKasajica ropas^o 6oji'fee no^TeHnHMX ^ejiosiKOM'B, ^^iwh 
KOMMHccap'b coK)3a. Ho cjiy^afl stoti noKasHBaexB TaKace, KaKi> 
jierKO 6Brjro n;Bi&THOKoa£eMy noTepaTB cbok) CBo6o;i;y na ocHOBaniH 
ynOMffHyTaro saKona. MncTepi Be6cTepB yB^pajiT, nacB, ^to „co- 
Bepmenie nacHJiia (na ocHOBaniH JioacHaro o6BHHeHiH bx no6iri) bi 
hoj^oShbexi. cjiy^aaxi HOBOSMoacHo; a ^lepesB hhtb MiGan;eB'B nocjrt 
Toro, KaKi 3T0 ycnoKOHTejiBHoe yBi^penie 6hjio npoHSHeceno, cosep- 
niHJicff BBinieynoMffHyTBifi: cjiy^aS, bb KOTopoMX cBo6oji;HBifl ^eJiOBiKx 
Cujiiy jioffiiHo ofiBiiBJieHi pafioMi H OTjiiaH'B Bi pa6cTB0. Co BpeMe- 
5eMB HacHJiBCTBeHHoe o6paiu;eHie CBo6o;i;HBixi jmniy b-b HeBOJiBHH- 
KOBt pasBHJiocB, 6jiarofl;apff 3T0My 3aK0Hy, bb HacToani;ee peMecjio. 
Cyjii'B nocTanoBHJiB, hto jihao, sanejinioi^ee npaso co6cTBeHHOCTH, 
KaKB Ha pa6a, na Koro-JiH6o, HMieT-B npano cxBaTHXB 3T0 JiHmo h 
yBecTH ero, ne hm^h na to nocTanoBJieHiff cy;fl;a. HiKTO OjiHsepi 
AHfl;epcoH'B, niB-feTHOKoacifl, HHBmifi 6jih3^ Hhjijihko3ch, bi OraSo, 
Cujiiy cxBa^ieH'B ho^bk), 0ETa6pH oAHHHamaTaro 1859 r. h yBe^eHTb 
B-B KoHTyKKH 6es'b GJi^jiGTBm IS. cyjta. JI^Boe orafin;eBB, noMoraBrnHxi 
KeHTyKKi3ii;y ynpacTB Aninepcona, 6hjih cy^HMBi, ho onpaBji;aHH na 
TOMi ocHOBaniH, ^To, corjiacHO cyfl;e6H0My p^meHiio no jijkjij UpHira, 
Bjia^^ijien;^ (hjih Jinnio, 3aHBJiflK)ni;ee ce6fl[ Bjia^^jiBii;eM'B) HMieT^ npaBO 
cxBaTHTB CBoero pa6a, ;i;jiff ^ero MoaceT'B no3BaTB na noMoni;B jiKi6oe 
jiHi^o 6e3B KaKoro 6h to hh 6wjio cy;fl;e6Haro pasdnpaxejiBCTBa jxjkjidL. 


KAKt MH BOPOJIHCB nPOTHBl PABCTBA. 45 

m 

Bo Bcixt STHxt p^ineHiffxi> nanepeA'B npHHHMajiocB, ^to jihi^o, pa 
KOTopoe aasBjijarjiHCB npasa, KaKt na HeBOJiBHHKa, jiiOJiacHO 6htb fle- 

BOJrBHHKOMl, a 06XHBJIflK)mee Ce6H erO C06CTBeHHHK0M'B — fl;'fegCTBH- 

TejiBHO ero BJia;ntjreii;'B. 3to- nojiipasyMiBajiocB h caMHMi saKOHOMi 
6^rjiBix'B HeBOJibHHKaxi. BosMoacHOCTB cjiy^aa, npn KOTopoM'B 

CXBa^eHHOe JIHmO MOPJIO 6hTB CBOfiOAHWMt ^ejIOBiKOMt, Ha KOTO- 

poe JioacHO npeAiffBJifliQTca pa6oBjra;i,'fejiB^ecKiff npasa, cnoKofiHO 
HPHopHpoBajiacB. AMepHKaHCKHMt o6in;ecTBOMt hpothbhhkob'b pa6- 
cTBa (A. Anti-Slavery Society) H3fl;aHa 6HJia 6poiniopa ijofl;'B 3a- 
pjiaBieMi: ^SaKont o fiirjitixit neBOjiLHHKaxi h ero acepxBH". B-b 
axofi pafioTi npHBe?i;eHH HMena coxeni njBiTHOKOfflCHXB, yBe;i;eHHBix'B 
HSB G'bBepHHX'B miaTOB'B Bi paficTBO Bt Te^ienie ;necaTHJitTiff, cjit- 
fl;oBaBfflaro 3a HS^JiaHieMt aioro saKona. IIpH Kaayi;oMi nmeHH npa- 
Be;a;eHH m^cto, Bpewa h oScToaTejiBCTBa. 

HaH6ojiie saMtnaTejiBHtiMH cjiyiaHMH SToro po;n,a bi Boctoh* 
6hjih ji^ndi, inaflipaKa (Shadrach) (bb $eBpajit 1851), ToMaca CnMca 
(Bt anpijii 1851) h AHToniff B^pnca (bi Mai 1854). DlaflipaKa 
yfliaaocB cnacTH, Chmci 6um» BHja;aHi no npnro^opy Jlacopaca Thk- 
Hopa KgpTEca, BgpHcit— no npnroBopy Bj^Bap^a Jac. JIopHHra. 
EfliBa JiH KaKoe-j[H(5o nnoe o6cToaTejiBCTBO o6paTHJio ki a6oJiHnio- 
HHBMy fiojiBmee hhcjio jiHn;t, ^iMt 3th ipn cjiy^aa. Ohh sacTaBHJiH 
jiH)fl;eS acHO nonaTB h npoqyBCTBOBaTB nojioacenie jn^Jit. ^to6h npe- 
iHynpe^TB ocBo6oacfl;eflie CnMca CHJiofi, cyAefiHoe 3;i;aHie 6hjio OKpy- 
aceno npoTanyTHMH TaacejoEUMH u^naMH, h 3to KasaJiocB ecTecTBen- 
HHMi cHMBOJiOMi yHHqToaceHifl Macca^y3eTca h ero saKOHOB^. 

OcBo6oaK;n;eHie lUa^paKa noBOJio kt. npej^aniio ntcKOJiBKHxi ne- 
jiOBtKt cy;i;y 3a 0CK0p6jieHie coK)3Haro cyji;a. Bi ^incjii hx^ 6hji'b 
HteTO JIiOHC'L refi;i;eHx (Lews Hayden), cam 6HBmifi HeBo:iiBHHK'B, 
64saBniifl wh 6Hjioe BpeMa hbi KenTyKKH. fl HMiJii yjijOBOJiBCTBie 
no3HaKOMHTBca CB HHMB, Korji;a OHB BnepBHe noaBHjica Bt BocToni. 
Ohi pascKasajiB ncTopiio cBoero pa6cTBa n ocBo6oacfl;eHia cb aMBona 
b:b Tofi n;epKBH, KOTopofi a 6hjix nacioaTejieMB, h bc* mh 6hjih 
^pesBH^aflno TponyTBi ero pascKasoMB. Bo BpeMa ocBo6oayi;eHia 
IJIa^paKa a jkhjib bb 3ana;nHofl UeHcnjiBBaHiH h, ycjiHxaBB o npe- 
^anin MHCTepa ^e&J^eHa cyjiy, a nanncajiB OMy nncBMO, BHpaacaa 
Moe KB HeMy co^yBCTBie. SL nojiy^njix cji4fl;yioni,ift xapaKTepHBifi: ot- 
Bi&TB, HanncaHHBia no npocBfii refljuefla Jscohomb A. Ah^PH), Bno- 
cji'feji;cTBiH BoeHHBiMB pySopHaTopoMB Macca^iyseTca: 

„BocTOHB, 5 MapTa 1857. 
^Joporofi ji;pyrB, 

„J[h)hcb reflji;eHi nojy^HJi'B B^epa Be^epoMB h^ckojibko ctpokb 
OTB Bacf, OHB npocHJiB MeHa; oTB-feTHTB na HHXB OTX ero JiHn;a n 
BupasHTB ero 6jiaro^apHocTB sa Bamy ;n;o6poTy h co^yBCTBie. JtJia 
Hero 6hjio HeBHpasHMHMB yT^memeMB to o6cToaTejiBCTBO, ^to bh 
noMHHTe HCMB. Oh'b inojiaceHB npe;fl;cTaTB npe;i;'B coh)3hhmb oKpyac- 
HKiMB cy;i;oMB BB cJiifliyK>in,yK> cyfl;e6HyH) cecciio. Ho a ne Mory 


1 


46 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

• 

ce6^ npeji;cTaBHTL, ^to6h owh, ujih kto 6li to hh 6hjio hhoA mofl 
6uTi> ocjsRjieE'h. Bij^H-feftinift i^Bi^THOKoacift ^esi Tpy;i;a HaxojiiHTT> 
fl;eHe3KHHxx 3a ce6ff nopy^niejiefl bi caMoe KopoTKoe BpeMH. Mn-fe 
Kaaceica, nacTynaeTt peaKUjia (t. e. npoTHB'B pa6oBJiaji;i^Bia)... Ocbo- 
6oJK;i;eHie inaji;paKa 6hjio 6jiaropofl[HHM'B ;i;'fejiOM'B, 6j[aropofl;HO bbi- 
nojiHeHHHM'E)... Oho 6bijio peayjiBxaTOM't BHesanHaro nopHsa, ycHJiifi 
3HepriH H aHTysiasMa o;a;Horo CTapnKa, jiH^Haro Apyra ina^pasa. 
Stoti cTapHKt xopoino snaji'B yacaci* IQa^paRa nepe;i;i nepcneK- 
THBOH BopoTHTBCH B'h HeBOJiK); OHt Ha3JieKTpH30Baji'B cBoefi ynopHoft 

CTpaCTHOCTLK) H-feCKOJEBKHXl ^eJIOB'feK'B, Ct KOTOpBIMH CTOJIKHyjICH, H 

OHH pimHJiHCL cjitji,OBaTB 3a HHMX, KaKOBa 6h hh 6HJD[a rpo3HBniaa 
HMi JiH^HO onacHOCTL, Bt ero piiHHMOCTH ocBo6ofl;HTL cBoero ji;pyra 
H3I. pyKt saKona. HeJiOBiKt 9toti HHKorji;a ne 6yji;eTL Haft^tent. 
HacKOJiBKO ff SHaio, Bct rjiaBHHe y^acTHHKH aioro ;i;ijia HaxojiffTCff 
yace BHi BJiacTH cyji;e6Haro npecjiij^OBania. 

„ Jafl Bor-B, ^to6h HHROr^a hhkto ne 6ujn> BHCJiani eb% Macca- 
^yseTca b% jbu paScTsa. fl nenaBHaKy Boflny h npe^jjant MHpy; npn 
BceM-L TOMt a 6h MeH^e coacajitjii o CMepiH cxa nejioBiKi, ycniniHO 
samHmaiomHxt cBiimeHHHff, ecTecTBeHHHff npana ^ejiOBiKa h n;tHOH) 
KpoBH KynjieHHyH) CBo6ofl;y rpaac^^aHnna — h xi h jiipyraa hhh* 

OAHHaKOBO paCKOJIOTM HafljBOe STHMl a^CKHMl SaKOHOMl! — ^iMt o 

BOSBpameHiH Bt pa6cTBo ennnaro 6irjien;a. 

Jtpyrx Bami 

JacoHt A. Ahji;ph)". 
MojiHTBa Ahjuph) ne 6Brjia ycjiBiinaHa: h Chmci h Bepnct 6hjih 
B03Bpaiii,eHH Bt paScTBO. Ho B036yaKfl;eHie, nopoac;i;eHHoe 9thmh 
jUByMfl BOSBpan^enijiMH, co3^ajio hobhxx h piniHTejiLHHXt BparoB^ 
TaKoro nopffji;Ea Beni;efl. By^iy^H bi, 3ana/i,Hofi HeHCHJiBBaHiH, a ^h- 
xajit xoxt yacacHHfl, 6e3K0He^HBifi ofiBHHHxejiBHHft aKxx npoxHBi kom- 
MHccapa, cxBaxHBmaro CHMca, KoxopHfl Teo^ijopi IlapKepi HSJiHBajit Bt 
rpoMOBHxt, njraMeHHHXt, yBJieKaxejiBHHX'L p-fe^axt Kaa^oe BOCKpe- 
ceHBe B'B xaKX* nadHBaeMoB My3HEaj[LHofi 3aji^. Bo speMs BBi^a^H 
B'E pa6cxB0 BepHca a 6Hjr'B Bt Bocxoni. 9x0 Chjei Mpa^HHi: jneHB 
no6ifliH pa6oBJiaaiiiJiBqecxBa; ho noi5:fe^Bi Bpoji;* xofl, KaKyio Feoprt 
Tpexifi oj^epjEajii npn BeHKopi Tejijl^ *). Ct nojiHofl cnpaBefl;jiH- 
BOCXLK) npHBepacenuH neBOJiBHH^ecxBa mofjih CKasaxL: „Eni;e ofl;Ha 
xaKaa no6iffa h mh norH6jiH!" fl bh^jii, KaKib na Cx3xx»-cxpHxi h 
BamHHrxoHt-cxpHXt co6HpajiHCB xojinH. S. buji^^ji'l Hst OKna EBap- 
xHpH JtasoHa Ah;i;pk) xpaypx, KOxopHMi 6hjih sa^annpoBaHH koh- 
xopH a^BOKaxoBX). a BH^-fejii, KaKi KaBajiepiH, apxHJiJiepia, MopcKaa 
nteoxa h noJiHAiH, Bcero ;nio thch^h ^ejioBtKi*, ch sapaaceHHHMH 
nymKaMH KOHBOHposajiH na' Kopa6jiB ;n;po5KaBmaro ii;BtxHOKO»aro 


*) Bunker Hill (t. e. xojimt> BenKcpa), M-fecro okojio BocTOHa, r^t 17 ifoua 
1776 r. npoD30iiNia nepBaa CTuraKa uemfl^y aHrjdficREMn soficRaMn h ajcepaRaH- 
cKHsin 4>6P^6P^^i'7 anrjiHHaHe «no6'feji^jni»; ho 3toh) «no6'feAOM» naiajiocb htb 
o6mee nopaa^eme h KOHen.i> hx'b BJia;iiiiiHecTBa bi» HoBoii AnrjiiH. Ilepee. 


i 


. KAKI* MH BOPOJIHCL HPOTHBt PABCTBA. 47 

qejioB^Ka, h stotx KopaSjiL ji^onmewb 6T4Jrh ero yBesxH b% neBOJiK). 
H cjiHmaji'B npoKJiaTia — rpoMKia h cTpacTHwa — CEinaBiniacff co 
Bcix'L cTopoHt Ha dTEx% cojifliaTx; H BHin^jit, KaKi KpacKa aajiH- 
Bajia Hxt jiHn;a, Korfl.a TOJiaa BOKpyrB peBijia: ^Kidnappers! Kidnap- 
pers!" *) CaMaro BSAopnaro o6cToaTejiBCTBa dujio ^ocTaTO^HO, ^to6li 
npoHsonijio cTOJiKHOBeHie, h yjinniH 6hjih aajiHTH KpoBLio. 

Meacji;y T^Mt, a6ojiHn;ioHH3M!B BHHrpajit Bt Te^enie ;n;ecjiTH JiiTt, 
npeji,mecTBOBaBniHXi> rpaac;i,aHCKofl Bofint, n.'fejiBrfl pa;i,x noStfl.'B 

EaKt MOpaJLHHXt, TaKt H nOJIHTH^eCKHXl>. 

Ii3;i;aHie ^XnatHnH J^ffH ToMa" ^e tojibko HaajieKTpHBOBaJio 
BecL Mipi, HO H npojiHJio ffpKifi CBi^Tt Ha TafiHH pa6oBJiafl;tHia 
Ha lOr-fe. 

Bi Konrpeci nonaji;ajio Bce fioji^e h 6oJite santHTHHKOB'L cbo- 
60JIU, HepBOHa^ajiBHO JacoHi n. TdJih (Hale) 6ujii> bi Te^enie 

H^CKOJIBKHX'B JliTh COBepnieHHO 0;fliHHOKI. B-B CeHaT^. SaT-feMi Ha 

no^Mory eMy asHJicff CajiMOHi n. ^331 (Chase), HsfipanHHH b% 
1849 r. OTi Oraflo; bb 1850 kb hhmb npncoe^HHHJica Bhib^mb 
r. Oioapjii'B (William H. Seward), HsSpannHH bb HBio-IopK'fe; bb 
1851 — ^apjiBS-B CeMHepB h 1854 — FenpH Bhjibcohb. Bhjih, h 
EpoMt aTHXB, CHJiBHHe jik)ji;h H36HpaeMH bb CenaxB, KaKB nanpH- 
Mipi> BeH;i;a:* 4>. Ysji.'h (Wade) bb 1851. Bo BpeMa npenifi no Kan- 
3ac'B-He6paccKOMy 6hjijik) MHCxepB Ba^acepx hs^ C.-KapojiHHH o6pa- 
THjica KB najiaxt cb cjii^yromnjiB naTeTH^ecKHM'B BonpocoMBi „He' 
^ecTOKO JiH DTO, sanpeiHTB MHi, BB cjiy^ai ecjiH 6bi a nepecejiHJicii 
BB KansacB, B3flTB CB co6ofl MOH) CTapyniKy-HaHK) (t. e. neBOJiBHimy)?" 
Ha 9T0 MHCTepB YajtB otb^thjib: „r. cenaTopB coBepmeHHO omn- 
-doqHO noHHMaeTX name OTHomenie kb Bonpocy. Mh ptniHTeJiBHO 
HH^ero He HM-feeMB npoTHBB ero nepecejiema bx KansacB, hh npo- 
THBi Toro, ^toSh ohb BsajiB CB co6ofi cTapyniKy hhhk). Bce, na 
qeMi MH HacTaHBaeMB, axo — ^toSbi eny 3anpeni;eH0 6hjio ee npo- 
;i;aTB nocjii Toro, KaKB ohb ee Tyfl;a BoSBMeiB". 

Bt najiaxi npe^ijCTaBiiTejiet nocieneHHO cocxasHJiacB CHJiBHaa 
rpynna npoxHBHHKOBB pa6cxBa. Hxb npe;ii;BOfl;HxejieMB 6bijib Jl^acomya 
P. rn^HHrcB H3B Orafio, ^ejiOB'feKB 6e3CxpaniHHfl h jiio xoro npe- 
;i;aHHBi3 fl;tJiy cbo6oah, hxo ohb HHKor;i;a ne ynycKajix cjiy^aa, xaKB 
cKaaaxB, fl;epHyxB jiBBa 3a 6opoji;y bb ero co6cxBeHHofl 6epjrort. 
Bm^cx^ cb ehmx pa6oxajiH o;i;ho Bpena JtacoHB FopaMB Eoji^peft 
H3B Macca^ysexca, FopacB ManHB h3b HjiJiHHofica, 6paxB yMepni;- 
BJiennaro JIoBfliacofia h jiipyria jiHua xoro-ace saKajia. 

T^MB BpeMeneMB MHcxepB FappncoHB h ero ;^py3BJi npoaBJiajiH 
ycHJieHHyK) ^axejiBHOcxB, onnpaacB na moxhbh, ne HM^iomia hh- 


*) «Badnapper» snannTB — hcjiob'J&k'b, saHnMaioiuificfl bopobctbom'b schbbix'b 
jaoj[<B% HejcoBi^KO-noxHTnTejiB; b-b pjcckom'b asLiK-fe h^tb pasHosHaHymaro KpaT- 
icaf TepMHHa js^slsi aToro noHiiTifl. IIo cymecTsy ate 3to bcc pasHO, KaKi> ecjiH 
6hi coj[i;^aTaMT> Kpn<iaJiH: «6opLi! Paa^odmiKH! IlajiaHii! npo;i;a2KH£iA nmenRH!» 

Ilepee. 


I 


84 PyCCKOH BOrATCTBO. 

^ero o6iiiiaro ct nojiHTHKofi, a o6paiii;a«CB npocTO ki jMy h co- 
Bi^cTH ^ejioBtKa. Ci flipyrofl CTopoHH h noJiHTH^ecKaa napriji, 
Bpamii;e6Haa neBOJiBHHqecTBy, nocxoHHHO pocJia. Kor;i;a Bt 1856 
ro;i;y renepajn ^phmohti (Fremont) nojiy^HJix 6oji4e MHjijiioHa 
rojiocoBX, $aKTi stotl 6ujli> aBHHMt npoBosBtcTHHKOMi flipyroro^. 
HM-feBinaro ^m4cto ^eTHpe rofl;a cnycTa, Korfl;a JIhhkojilh'b 6hjii 
H36^aH'B Bt npesHflieHTH. rort OTJinqHO noHHMaji'B, ^to ct Te- 
qenieMi BpeMenn npHHi^Hn^ cbo6oah BocTopacecTByert Bt jijkjvk 
HeBOJiBHHqecTBa TO^Ho TaKi me, KaKt oh'e BOCTopacecTBOBajii bi^ 
HsfipaniH JiHHKOJiLHa. 9to-to h npneejio pa6oBJia;i;*JiB^ecKie niTaTH 
Kt p-feniHMOCTH pacToprHyTB corost, OT;i;ijiHBniHCB ots> Hero. Mnoro 
BpeMeHH noTpe6oBajiocB na to, qxodH y6ifl;HTB CiBept bi tojii^ 
qTO TaKoe ptmeHie lOra 6bijio cepBesHO. fl homek), KaKi Ben^ejiB 
^HJuiKncB cMi^Jica Haji;!. canoS mhcjibbo o6i OTj[i,ijieHiH lOra. 9to 
Bce paBHO, roBopHJii ohi, KaKi ecjiH 6bi HHiu,ie, npnspiBaeMHe bi. 
MyHHi];HnajiBHOMi iiom^ fljjrff 6^]i,eux%, aaflBHJiH, ^to ohh paciop 
raiOT-B CBofi 001031 ci ropo^OMi. Ofli 6hji'b yBtpeni, qio co cto- 
poHH K)ra 3T0 6hjio He 6oji^e, KaK'B noxBajiB6a h $BipKaHBe, ho 
HHRaKTb He cepBesHoe HaM-fepenie. Ci inpyrofi CTopoHH, paSoBjia- 
;n,i&jiBUH ;i;yMajiH, ^to Cisepx hh aa ^to ho CTaneTi ji;paTBCH. Ohh 
BipHJiH, KaK'B 8T0 H BHCKasajii* ojifin% Hsi Hxi opaiopoB-B HeMe;i;jieHHO 
nocjii opraHHsaiiiiH KOH$efl;epaiiiiH^ hto nepesi nflTBfl;ecaTi ;i;Het 
$jiari> nocjii&ji;Hefl 6y^eTi pasB-feBaTBca bx BarnHHrroHi, a aa'rtM'B 
HeMHoro Hefl;i^JiB npofifl;eTX, Korfl;a oh-b 6y;i;e'FB BSjUiepHyTi Hajj;i 

^JaHeSjIB-rOJIJIOM'B BX BoCTOHt. 

OrjiflTABiBaHCB bi HacTOHni,ee BpeMH na btoti aKTi. OTH^jLQEiSy. 
MH acHO bhji;hmi bx homx no;niTBepac;i;eHie ;n;peBHeS hocjiobhi^h, 
TaKX qacTO onpaBfliaHHofl HCTopiefi: „Koro Borx aaxoneTB HaKa- 
saTB, TO npeayi;e Bcero oTHHMeTX paayni". Co CTopoHH pa6oBjia- 
jijhmsi 6hjio hcthhhhm'b 6e3yMieM'B — OTKaaaTtca oti bc'6xi> cbohx-b. 
npio6piTeHift h npeHMymecTB'B. Bi;fl;B ynpaBjienie CTpanoio Shjio 
BT. ero pyKaxi. npeH;i;e qiMi. hphhatb 'hocti BHi^enpe3Hji;eHTa 
K)KHoS KOH$efl;epaii;iH, AjreKcaH^P'B P. CTHBenci. (Stephens) npo- 
HsnecB Bx KoHBOHTt niTaTa Feoprifl p-fe^B, b^ KOTopofi ohi yKa- 
3HBaji!B, ^TO Bce 6ujio B% pyKaxx iOra. B-b ero pyKaxi* 6hjio 6ojrB- 
niHHCTBO rojiocoBx BTy KOHrpecc^, 6oji^e, ^iwb nponopi^ioHajiBHoe 
yqacTie bi saM'femeHiH hoctobi. npe3Hji;eHTa, rocyfl;apcTBeHHBixx 
ceKpeTapefi, cy;ii;efl BepxoBHaro cyfl;a h bc^xi Boo6ni,e BaacntflniHX'B^ 
fl.ojiacHOCTefi. Ot^^jihtbch 3HaqHJio KHHyTB Bce 3T0 Bt Bo;i;y. IOfb 
HMijii Ha CBoefi CTopoH^ fl;eMOKpaTHqecKyio napTiro. JI^eMOKpaTti 
CiBepa Ely nojiHTHqecKOM'B OTHonieHiH no^^HEHJiHCB pafioBjia^tHiK), 
HO nocji'fe^Hee noji;opBajio hxi coy, HacTaHBaa Ha tomx, ^toSbi 
$e;i;epajiBHoe npaBHTejiBCTBO OKa3HBajio neBOJiBHHqecTBy noKpoBH- 
tojibctbo Ha TeppHTopiax'B coiosa. JtyrjiacB (Douglas) nomejii bt> 
jKOJiaeMOM'B lOroM'B HanpaBJieniH o^ohb ji;ajreKo: ohx npHnHJix h 
npoB03rjiacHJi'B npHHi^HH'B „CKBaTTepcKaro CyBepeHHTeTa", 3By- 


KAKt MH BOPOJIHCB HPOTHBt PABCTBA. 49 

^aeniifi o^ettL ;a;eMOKpaTH^Ho, TaKi KaKt oht> npefl;ocTaBJiHJii> nace- 
jreHiH) (6i&JiOMy) caMOMy ptmaTB no OTHomeHiH) ki saHHMaeMoft 
HMt M-fecTHocTE, KaKOBLT ;n;ojracHH 6i,iTL BT» Heft y^pe»c;i;eHijT. Ho 
BoacaKH K)ra noTpe^oBajiH, ^to6h OHt noBepnyjioji cniTHoft Kt 
CBoeMy nponiJiOMy, h nacTaHBaji'B TenepL na tomi, tito6h nacejieHie 
To8 HJiH HHoft TeppHTopin ne ptbiuaAO Ronpoca xapaKTopi m^ct- 
i^Ruxiy yqpeaKji;eHifi, ho qrofiii stoti Bonpoci pimajica 3a nero 
ji;pyrHMH, — ^to6h M^CTHO.e Hacejienie odHsano '6uJio ji;onycTHTB y 
ce6ff HesojiLHHiiecTBO h ^to6h $eji;epajiLHoe npaBHiejiBCTBO chjiok> 
noTOepacHBajio 3Ty „o6a3aHHOCTB". EoHJiTHoe jijkjio, hh Jtyrjiacx, 
HH ero cTopoHHHKH HO MOPJiH cjijijiaTB TaKoro mara. IT bott. Te- 
nopB, noTOMy ^to 3;eM0KpaTHqecKaji napTia ne xoT-fejia h;hth pyna 
061 pyKy ci pa6oBJia;i;iftjiLinaMH jaco KpaftHHXi npeji;i&j[OBt hxi ;i;omo- 
raTejTBCTBt, ohh totobbt 6bijih coBepnieHHO no;i;opBaTB ea cHjiy, 

aX^^JIHBniHCB OT-B C0H)3a. 

Hero fl;o6HBajiacB pecny6jiHKaH0Kaa napTia? — "^toCbi pa6cTB0 
6hjio 3anpeni;eH0 na xi^xTi TeppHTopinxB, na KOTopHXi oho eme 
He cyniiecTBOBajio; ne 6ojrie. FenpH Kjiafi noBTopajiB MHoro paax, 

HTO HH OJI^HB (J)yTl. 3eMJIH, JHOCeJie CB060JliH0fi OTX HOBOJIBHH^eCTBa, 

HHKor;iia h Bnpefl;B, cb ero corjiacin, ne jijacTi onopBi Horfe pa6a. 
HH^ero 6ojr'fee pecnyfijiHKaHCKaH napTia h ne Tpe6oBajia ^aKTOMi 
H36paHiff JiHHKOJiBHa. Pecny6jiFKaHn;H saasHJiH, ^to ho c^HTaiOTi 
KOHrpeccB BB npaBife KacaTBca pa6cTBa, KaKB y^peac;ii;eHia bb npe- 
A^jiaxB pa6oBJia;ntJiB^ecKHX'B niTaTOBB. lOacane ji;o6hjihcb npoBe- 
;i;eHia saKona 6'ferjiHXB paCaxi. 3aK0HB stot^ yace ;n;*ftcTB0BajiB, 
jUtficTBOBaji'B mnpoKO, h BepxOBHHft coBfixB 06'BaBHji'B ero corjiac- 
HHni) CB KOHCTHTyi^ieft. TpoMa^Haa .xeppnTopia Texaca 6BiJia ki 
Hxt ycjiyraMB j^jia Hanojinenia pa6aMH h hmi 6bi.iio o6i&n];aHO bh- 

KpOHTB ^eTBipe HOBBIXB HITaTa H3l 3T0ft TeppHTOpin; mTaTH 3TH 

6bijih 6h paSoBjia^'fejiB^ecKHMH. TexacB co;i;epacHTT. bb Qe6^ 273,000 
KBajtpaTHBixB MHJiB, T. 0. HpocTpaHCTBO, paBHoe Bcefi HoboS AHOiH, 
HJnocB niTaTBi: Hbio-Iopkb, IleHCHJiBBaHia, MapnjraHfliB, JtejiasapB, 
HBio-JtacepcH h EnprHHia. Ha BceMi» stomb npocTpaHCTB-fe pa6oBjia- 
A'fenie Morjio 6htb BBejieno h pecDyfijiHEancKaa napxia ne npe- 
naxcxBOBajia axoMy. Ho nocToanHBie ycntxH CA*JiajiH pa6oBJia- 
IHtjiBiteBB caMoyBtpeHHHMH; B3BHH^eHHHe cnecHBBTMB npesptnieMB 
my CiBepy, ohh BOo6paacajiH cfeeepaHB jno xaKoft cTenenH mhphhmh 
H HorjiomeHHBiMH HOPOHefi 3a flieHBraMH, ji;o xaKofi CTeneHH npejiiaH- 

HHMH HCKJIIOqHTejIBHO XOprOBJI* H npOH3BOACXBy, ^TO X-fe HHKOr^a 

He ptmaxca npoxHBHTBca OTnajneniio lOra; roarane XBepji.HJiH, ^xo 

^XJIOHOK-B— KOpOJIB" H 6hJIH yB'fepeHH, ^XO MOPyTB 3aKJIK)^HTB 
€0K)3H CB HHOCTpaHHBIMH Ji;epmaBaMH, KOT]l,S. 6u HH HOSCeJiaJIH. H 

Boxx OHH ptuiHJiH o6pa30BaxB BejiHKoe pa6oBJiasi&JiB^ecKoe rocy- 
;^apcxBo. fl HOJiaraK), CHjia h ffpyraa npnqHHa ji;jia oxnaAOHia. He 
CMOTpa Ha nocxoaHHHa yxBepac;a;eHia pa6oBJiaffiJiBi^eBB, qxo ne- 
BOJiBHH^ecxBO BeH^B cHpaBeAJiHBaa, hxb BHyxpennee cnoKoflcxBie 
76 4. OrjrifejiT, I. 4 


50 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

nocTOSHHO HapymajEOCL t^mi, ^to ohh 6ujivl npHHyac;i;eHH nenpe- 
pHBHO BHCJiyniEBaTB ^obo;i;h a6ojiHi],ioHHCTOBX. IIoKa OHH 6hjiii 
cBfl3aHfci ct Ci&BepoM'B, OHH He MorjiH BHOjiHi HsSirnyTB 8Toro. 
Ohh h BOo6pa3HJiH, ^to OTji,ijiHBniHCL otx Hero, MoryTt ocTaBHTs 
Bci 3TH BemH no Ty CTopoHy rpaHHn,H, — ^to ohh CMoryrB orpa- 

^HTL CBOH ymn OTt aTHXt HaSOfijIHBBIX'B HCTHHt. COB^CTB HXt 

6HJia Bi TOMt cocTOflHin, KOTopoe JierKO Bej^ext ki paajupaaceHiio, 

a EM'S XOTijIOCL nOKOH 

HxaKt, Kor;i,a bx 1860 ro^y coSpajicJi kohbcht^ ^eMOKpaxH- 
^ecKOfi napxin, xo npe^cxaBHxeJiH pa6oBJiajiiijri>^ecKHX'B mxaxoBt 
HacxaHBa.iH Ha noKpoBHxejiBCXBi ^e^epajiBHaro npaBHxejiBCXBa ne- 
BOJiLHH^ecxBy Bt xeppnxopiHX'L, KaKt na condicio sine qua non, 
A xaKt KaKt Jtyrjiact ne uovt> corjiacHXLca na xaKyio caMoy6ifl- 
cxBeHHyK) xaKXHKy, ro npeji;cxaBHxejiH pa6oBjia;i;ijiLixeBi ox^iJiH- 

JIHCB OX'S KOHBOHXa, BTy KOXOpOMt paCHOJiaraJIH 60JIBniHHCXB0M^ 
rOJIOCOBX., H 06pa30BajIH HOBhS, COficXBeHHtlfi KOHBeHXl, KOXOpHH 

H 06'BflBHji'B cBOHMt KaH;i;H;i;axoM'B Ha npe3H;i;eHxcxB0 BpaKen- 
pH;a;Hca. 

Mfci yne BHA'feJiH, KaK-B ^OMOraxejiBcxBa pa6oBJiaA^Hk nocxoanHO 
B03pacxajiH. Cnepna pa6oBJia;i,tjiBn;H npH3HaBajiH neBOJiBHH^ecxBO 
SJiOM'B, HO cqnxajiH, qxo oho dyji.ex'B ynn^xoaceHO nocxeneHHO. 8xoro 
B3rji)ifl,a ji;epacajiHCB— Ji;a:e$(|)epcoH'B h oxi^bi aMepHKaHCKofi peno- 
jiiouiiH. BaxiiMX pa6oBJiaA'6JiBDiM cxajiH roBopnxB, ^xo hobojebbh- 
^ecxBO AOJiacHO 6bixb noTO^P^HBaeMO b:b Hacxoan^eMX BciOAy, rji.^ 
OHO cyni;ecxByexx», ho ne ;i;ojiacHO 6hxb pacnpocxpaHaeMO na „xep- 
pnxopiH". TaKofl Bsoff^^t rocnofl.cxBOBaji'B bo BpeMena Jtana. Cbh- 
saHHoe CB ero HMeneMX. nocxanoBjieHie sanpemajio paficxBO bo 
BC'fex'B ^xeppExopiax^" k-b ciBepy oti» Oraflo. Eme noaace pa6o- 
Bjia;iii&j[iBii,H noxpe6oBajiH, hxo6h „xeppHxopifl" 6hjih nopoBHy no^*- 
jieHH Meac;i;y neBOJiBHHiecxBOM'B h CBo6o;i;oft. TaKoe B033pifeHie 
BSflJio Bepxx. B-B 1820 roAy, Korjiia npoBefljen'B 6hj'b MHCcypificKift 
KOMHpoMHCCB. 3axiMX» no^BHJiocB xpe6oBaHie, qxo6H hobojibbh- 
^ecxBO He 6hjio sapanie HCKJiioqaeMO hh hsx. o^hoS xeppHxopin, 
HO ^To6u. BonpocB ji;onyni;eHiH ero 6buix» npe;i;ocxaBJieHi p-femeHiio 
caMoro Hacejieni-ff. TaKOBi 6hijn, pyKOBo;i,ani,ifl npHHUiHn'B bo BpeMa: 
npHHflxia KaH3ac'B-He6paccKaro 6hjijih hoji.'b npe;i;BOfl;HxeJiBCXBOM'B 
Jtyrjiaca. HaKonei^'B, pa6oBjia;fl;ijiBn;H saaBHjiH, qxo pa6cxB0 cnpa- 
BeAJiHBO H corjiacHO cb npHHniHnaMH xpHcxiancxBa; ^xo oho — 
e^HHOe ocHOBanie cbo6oji;h h pecny6jiHKH; ^xo noaxoMy oho ;i;ojiacHa 
6hxb oxpanaeMO 3aK0H0M'B, h ho xojibko b'b npeji.'fejiax'B pa6oBJia- 
;i;tjiBqecKHX'B mxaxoB-B, ho h b'b jiK)6oft ^acxH CoK)3a. 

Kor;];a cxajio oqeBH^HO, ^xo CoH)3y rpo3HX!B oxna;i;eHie oxi nero 
K)ra, xo niKOxopoe Bpena nojiHoe B^poaxie 6Brjio 3a xo, qxo h na 
9XH nocjii;i;Hia ji;oMoraxejiBCXBa pa6oBJia;i;i&jiBHiBi nojiyqaxi corjiacie. 
Majio xoro; cymecxBOBajia onacHOCXB, qxo hmi 6y;i;yrB npeji;jio- 
aceHH Aaace eme 6oJiBniia ycxynKH cb ii,tjiLK) no6y;i;HXB hx'b ocxaxBcar 


KAKt MH BOPOJIHCL HPOTHBt PABCTBA. 51 

B'h C0H)3i&, H iJTO 06meCTBeHHaJI COBiCTL CiBepa BHOJIHt ^0;^^HHHTCa 

Tpe6oBaHiaM'B pa6oBjia^iHiH. Fopaci FpHJiH BwpaacaeTca no btomj 
noBOfl;y bx csoefl ,HCTopiH" TaKi: „JiK)fl;H, BOSBe^mie pa6ojitnie b% 
HayKy, Tpe6oBajiH, ^to6h CiBept cjs,ijiB,jn> hobh^ ycTynKH, hto6h 
'OHt He past emie CTajit na koji^hh bi hojehomi yHHSKeniH". 

„HBK)-IopKCKifi FepoJiBjii'B" (N. Y. Herald) aajiBHjii, hto K)rB 

HMjeTX npaBO OTA^JHTLCff, H ^TO TOpOHl HLH)-IopKI., TUTSkTh HlK)- 

JI^acepcH H, no Bcefl BiposTHOCTH, KoHHeKTZKyTi nocjii^iyTOTB sa 
lOroMi. Hbio-IopKCKaa „TpH6yHa" (N. Y. Tribune) roBopnjia, ^to 
6j]i,eTb npoTHBHTLca BcfeMi npHHy^HHTejifcHHMi M'fepaM'B, HanpaBJien- 
fiUMt Kt y;i;epacaHiK) K)ra Bt Coioai^; h6o npano OTju-fejiHTLCflr, xota 
B peBOJiH)u,iOHHoe, t^mi ne Mente fl;McTBHTejiBHoe npaso. nofl;o6- 
naro OTHomeHia ki Bonpocy inepacajiHCB MHorie npoTHBHHKH pa6- 
'CTBa, CKopie roTOBiie npeji;ocTaBHTi> lOry o6pa30BaTL nesaBHCHMoe 
rocy^apcTBO, ^-feMt corjiacHTLca na hobha ycTynKH pa6oBj[aj^4j[L- 
naMt. fl caMi BHpasHJii btoti BarjuiAt bi 6poniiopt, H3;i;aHHoft 
OKOJio 3Toro BpeMOHH nofl.'B sarjianieMx: „ Secession, Concession, or 
Self-Possession" *). 

Jl^-fejIO Bt TOMt, ^TO HHKTO Bl TO BpeMff HO SHaJIl, KaKt BOJIHK'B 

6hiji'h naTpioTH3M'B c^Bepan-L. Korji;a ^HBio-IopKi repojitAt" sanBEjn, 
^TO ropoji;^ HLio-IopRt 0Tfl;*JiHTCff bm*ct4 ci lOroMi, 3to npe;i;cKa- 
sanie othio^b ho KasajiocB neBipoflTEHMt. JttjiOBoft Hlbd-Iopk'b 
Cujit, ji.tScTBHTejiBHO, B'B 3Ha^HTejii>Hoft M'fepi^ Ha CTopoHi lOra. 
•CaMHfl ropoflji 6ujny b-b pynaxt ji;eM0KpaTHqecK0J5 napxin. Hlk)- 
iopKCKaa qepHt HenanHj^iJia nerpoBi. Onno3Hi;ia pa6oBJiafl,tjiLqecTBy 
e;^Ba-6;^Ba HM-fejia TO^Ky onopH wb Maccfe TaMomnaro Hacejema. 
rpa;n;yn;iH co6HTia — t* co6BiTiff, KOTopua nccjiiAOBajiH 3a Hanaji;e- 
HieM'B Ha $opTi CgMTop'B (Sumter): nejiHRoe B03CTaHie Cinepa, 
OTpamnaH BOJina naTpioTH^ecKaro caMOOTBepacenia, sajiHBniaa KaK- 
j;i»ifi- c^BepHHfi ropofl;^ h musm'h, h no^i. BJiianieMi KOTopofi Bcanaa 
onno3Hiiiia ji;ojiacHa 6HJia yMOJiKuyTL, a pacna;i;eHie CoK)3a cJ^4JIaJI0Cb 
'^^Mt-TO B036yacji.aBmHM:B Bceo6n;ee oiBpamieme — 6hjih panno ckphth 
H ot:b ;i;py3efl, h oxt BparoBt. Cxopohhhkh paSoBjia^'feHia pascqn- 
-THBajiH na jrerKyio nod-fe^iiy npn oxcyxcxBin conpoxHBjieHia. Cxopoh- 
hhkh cBo6oAti 6oajiHCL, ^xo paj[i,H npe;i;oTBpani;eHia pacHaji;eHia 
coK)3a CiBepi oxcxyuHxca oxt Jiocjvk]i,nBTh ycxooBt cbo6oabi, cupa- 

Be;i;jIHBOCTH H ^eJIOB^^HOCXH. 

EcjiH 6u K)rt ox^jj-fejinjica MHpno, — ecjiH 6h OHt ne Hanafl;aji'B 


*) IlepeBecTH btotb aarojOBOKi* OHent Tpy^HO. Secession snaHHTb coxna- 
j^enio, ConceBsion-— ycTyiiKa; ho Sclf-Possession, r-b tom-b cmucji'£, KaR-B cjiobo 
aro 3xhch ynoxpedjicHO, ne nMierB Bt pyccKOMT> asHK-fe cooTBtTCTneHHaro cy- 
mecTBHTejiBHaro. ABTop-B 6poinK)pH xot^ji-b b-b cBoeM-B aarojioBK'fe nocTasHTb 
BonpocB: ocTasaTtcfl-JiH CtBepy xosflnnoMB CBonrB ;i,tftcTBifi b-b CBoeMT> co6- 
•cTBeHHOM-B AOM^ (Self-Possessloii) H AJiH ^Toro npeffocTaBHTB K)ry oTnacTB, 
MH ocTaHOBHTB oTna^eHie ycTynKaMH, KOTdpMH 6ypjTb panHOCHJifcHti caMOoxpe- 
^chIio? nepee. 

4* 


52 PyOCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

Ha HaniH $opTLi h BoflcKa, a npocTO cxajix 6i>i b'b OTpHE(aTeJibHO& 
uoJioflteHie k% Coroay, t. e. pTKasajicfl 6u nocHJiaTB cbohx'b npefli- 
CTaBHTe:iiefl bi KonrpeccB, — a nojiaraio, mh co BpeneneMX npHHyac- 
;i;eHH 6bijd[h 6u corjiacHTtca Ha o6pa30BaHie H3t nero oco6aro, ne- 
saBHCHMaro rocyjiiapcTBa. MacTept Cioapji;^ (Seward) h ero flipysBa 

H3HCKHBaJIH HyTH Kt yCTyHKaMt. Btpa ero Bt KOMnpOMHCCH 6BTJia 

6e3npe;i;tJiBHa. 9to 6biji'b oahhi hsx li^x'B jiK)fl;efl, KOTopHe yS-feacjiieHBi 
^TO ;^Jifl OTnaoMaTH^ecKaro ncKyccTBa e^i^a-JH ecTB ito-jih6o ne- 
B03M03KHoe. HejiofiiK'B, nycTHBHiifl B'B o6pameHie BBipaacenie „He- 
npHMHpHMoe npoTHBopi^ie", noBHfl;HMOMy, saeBuiB o cy^^ecTBOBaHiB 
TaKoro npoTHBopt^ia MeaK;i;y npHHniHnaMH, — npoTHBopJqia, KOTopoe 
HHKaKie nojHTHKaHBi He B'B CHjiaxi 6BrJiH yHHTroacHTB. Bi 1860 ro^y 
Bi'Oraflo C03BaHi 6uji'h fiojiBmofl 'MHTHHr'B fl;jia yMHpoTBopenm K)ra. 
Ha dTowh co6paHiH npHHSTH 6bijih pesojiioniiH bx tom'b cMHCJit, qTO 
BCflKoe oHno3Hii,ioHHoe o6cyayi,eHie na CtBept Bonpoca o paScTBt 
;i;ojifltHO 6bitb BCTp-fe^aeMO o6iii;hm'b HeoAofipenieM'B, — ^ito neBOJiBHH- 
HecTBO He ;fl;oji3KHO 6htb HCKJiroqaeMO hs-b TeppHTopifl h ^to HHKOMy 
He cjiiAyeT'B BMtmHBaTBca bx JiiJia. h y^peac;i,eHia lOra. 

Okojio Toro fflce BpeMenn J^acopaci Bh.ibhm'b KepTHcx ;nojrKeH'B 
6ujii> jieKTHpoBaTB BB $Hjia;[i;ejiB$iH na leMy „nojiHTHKa ^ecTHOCTH"; 
HO eMy He ji;ajiH roBopHTB noflji) npeji;jioroM'B, ^to JieKn;iH, no Bcefl< 

BtpOHTHOCTH, BBISOBCTl) yjIH^HBie 6e3n0pffJIiKH. 

npH TaKHXi-TO o6cToaTejiBCTBax'B co6pajrca, bb ji;eKa6p'£ 1860 r., 
xpHOTaTB mecToft KonrpeccB CoejiiHHeHHHX'B nixaTOBT.. npe3H;i;eH- 
TOM'B Bce eni;e 6hji'b BEOKanaH'B. B'B CBoeMX nocjii;i;HeM'B „nocJiaHiH** 

OH'B 3aaBHJI'B, ^TO HeJIBSa, npHHyfliHTB TOTT. HJIH HHOfi mUSiTh OCTa-^ 

BaTBca B'B Coiost, H qio OH'B, npe3HAeHT'B, He HM^eTTEi npaBa. 
npoTHBHTBca CHJioH) OTHajneHiio pa6oBJiajii"fejrB^ecKHX'B niTaTOB'B. Co- 
rjiacHO KOHCTHTyi^H, OH'B BBi6paH'B 6Brji'B npe3H;i;eHT0M'B ;n;jia Toro- 
iito6bi Ha6jiK);i;aTB 3a toihhmb BBiaojiHeHieM'B sekohob'b, a OH'B oTKa- 
3BiBajica HX'B BHHOJiHflTB Ha lOri. Cy;i;Bff Bjisk'b, renepajiBHHft 
axTopnefi BiOKaHana, TOJiKOBajiB bb tom'b ace CMHCJii^: ohb yTBepac^^aji'B, 
^TO Coe;i;HHeHHBie IIlTaTH ne B'B cocToaniH Cbijih no^epacaTB CBoe 
co6cTBeHHoe cymecTBOBanie. 

KoHrpeccB yqpe^HJi'B KOMHTeT'B ji^jisl o6cyacn;eHiH Bonpoca, KaK't 
B03MoacHO 6bijio yMHpoTBopHTB cenapaTHCTOBB. Ho cenapaTHCTBi 
BOBce He xoT-fejiH yMHpoTBopeHia. Ohh TBep;i;o 6bijih yetacj^eHBi b'b 
TOM'B, ^TO cnacenie HX'B 3aKJiK)qajiocB b'b OTaaji;eHiH h ^to jthhib 
nyTeM'B pacnyni.eHiH Coiosa h ocHOBaHia IOjkhoS KOfl$e;i;epai]iiH 
Moaceo 6hjio no;i;;i;epa:aTB cHCTeMy Bjia^inia o;i;Horo ^lejiOB^Ka. 
ji;pyrHM'B. 

ASeepcoH'B (Iverson) hs'b FeopriH roBopnji'B: „mbi naM^peHBi 
OTji.'fejiHTBca H tito6bi KOHrpeccx HH ;i;'6jiaji'B, OH'B ne MoaceTTE* npe;i;- 
OTBpaTHTB OTna;i;eHia. HHKaKofi boAhh ne 6yj^eTi»". OH'B cpaBHH- 

BaJI'B Ci&BepaH'B CT. jjBUCfeqeHHOS C06aK0fl". jjEcKOp-fe, — rOBOpHJETb^ 

OH'B, — o6pa3yeTca lOacHaa KOH$e^epaii;ia h ea npaBHTeJiBCTBO OKa- 


KAKl MH BOPOJIHCB HPOTHBt PABCTBA. 53 

SReUCSl CaMMSfL Ii;BiTyiIi;HM'B BI Mipi^ CnOC06HMM'B npOTHBHTBCA RaROS 

yro^HO CHjii". 

JI^KOHX JaC. KpHTTeH;^eHl H31 KOHTyRRH Jipeji^OTKRJVh U,ijiU& 

paflli pe30JiH)Aifi, ROTopHMH 0H5», Bt cyni;HOCTH, OT;i;aBajii Bt pyRH 
pa6oBj[aA^jiLn;eB'B Bc'e, ^ero ohh Ror;i;a-jiH6o fl;oMorajiHCB. 

KjiapRt ES'h Po^x-AfljiaHflia npefl;jioacHJi'B peaojHon^H) bx TOMt 
CMHCJii, ^TO HH B-B ROMnpoMHCci, HH B% ycTyoRaxi He 6hjio na- 
ji;o6flocTH, Hoo ROHCTHxynjia Bt ea Torfl;ainHeMi BHji,i saRJiioHajia bi» 
^eS-fe Bce Heo6xofl,HMoe h ROHCXHTyiiia axa ;i;oji3KHa 6htb no^wepacana 
Bc^MH cpe;^CTBaMH. 

Bt ROMHTei* TpHHafl;n;aTH, Haana^eHHOMi ^Jia BHpa6oTRH Mip'b 
Bi BHAaxi npe^ynpeay^eHiH coioBHaro pacROJia, CioapA'b nocxaBHJi'b 
fla rojocoBanie cjitjiiyioiniyK) peaojiioDiiK): ^HnRaRaa noapaBRa, ^aio- 
maa ROHrpeccy BJiacTt Ha^jt HeBOJiBHHqecTBOM'b b% niTaiaxt^ ne 
MoaceTi 6mtl BHeccHa bx ROHCTHTyn;iK)". 

TaRHMi o6pa30Mi, nepe^HTHBaa HCTopiio t4xi nicROJiBRHX'b 
Mtcai^eBi., ROTopHe npoTeRjiH cb H36paHia JiHHROJiBHa fl;o -HaiiaAeHia 
Ha $opTX CeMTep^, mh bh;i;hm'b, ^to rposHBrnaH onacHocTb MHEyiH 
3aRjiH)qajiacB b^ tomi, ^to CtBepi roxoB'L 6ujnE», pa;i,H coxpanefliH 
MHpa, c^aTBca pa6oBjiaji,iHiE) h Ha3BaTB cbok) RanHxyjifliiiio eHi;e 

past — ROMnpOMHCCOMl, 

HBH)-IopRCRifi ryfiepnaxopi CnMepi (Seymour), o6paffl;aflCB r^ 
rpoMa^JiHiflnieMy ;^eM0RpaxHqecR0iIy ROHBeaxy Bt Oji6aHH (Albany), 
roBopHJii: „BecB Bonpoct saRjiioqaexoa bi xomi>: BcxynHMTE»-jiH mm 
Bi> ROMnpoMHCCi nocATb ooitnu, HJiH we 6010H eosee^, 

Bi BaniHHrioHi 6Hjia co3BaHa MHpnaa ROH$epeHi^ia. Ona npn- 
HHJia i^tjHfi paA't pesojiKmii}. Ho Bci& oni 6hjih sadajuioxapoBaHH 

Bl C0H)3H0M'B CeHaxi^. 

KoMiipoMHcci 1850 ro;i;a ORaaajrca nacxojiBRo njioxo B03Befl;eHHoft 
cxiHofi, ^xo OHa najia cawa co6oio. TenepB npeAnojioaceno 6fciJio ee 
no^aiasaxB 6ojiie ^Hcxofl H3BecxBH). Bxo, no cjiobrm^ noaxa JloyaJia, 
OHJio uoHHXRofi „yMacj[HXL rpo3ani;ee seMJiexpacenie, npe^jJioacHBt 
€My cfl,o6HyK) 6yjioqRy". 

H Boxi HaqajiocL oxnajujeHie mxaxoBi oxt CoH)3a: 

K)>KHaH KapojEHHa OTna^a 20 A6Ka6pH 1860 ro;i;a. 


JI^HCOpAHiifl 

» 

19 jiHBapfl 

1861 roffa 

MflccnccBnH 

» 

7 > 

» 

<i>jiopHji;a 

» 

10 

» 

JlyiisiaHa 

» 

25 » 

» 

Texact 

» 

1 ^eBpajji 

> 

C']^BepHaH KapojHHa 

» 

21 Man 

» 

TeaeccH 

» 

26 iioaa 

» 

^uprnnia 

» 

17 anpivjifl 

» 


KeHxyHRH HHxajiCH ox^-fejiHXBCff, HO 6e3ycntaHo; MapHJi3H;a;i. h 
MnccypH xaRace ocxajiHCB Bt Coioat, xoxa bx hhxi 6hjio orpoMHoe 
qncjio JiHU.^, BUOJiH'i cHMuaxH3HpoBaBmHxi oxfl;tjieHiK). 


54 pyOCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

JteBflTaro ^eBpajia 1861 r. JI^ace^^epcoHt ^sbhcb fiHJit Hsdpan'b^ 
Bi npe3H;i;eHTBi KOH$e;^epa^iH. BTHjit aKTOMt 6hjio o6pa30BaHO ea 
npaBHTejiLCTBO. 

He 0ffiHji;aff saTtift, noKa CiBepi npeAnpHMert toti* hjih fl;pyroS 
mart, KOH$eji;epaTH saxBaTHJiH set $opTH Coioaa, ^hcjiomi. xpHOTaTB. 

^opTt MoJiTpH (Moultrie) h saifOKi IlHHKHafl (Castle Pinchney) 
B-B lOacHofl KapoJiHHi saxBa^eHH 6hjih b'b A©Ka6pi 1860 r. 

$opTi. CeMTept cfl;ajica anpiia 13-ro 1861 r. 

^opTt HyjiacEH, MayHTi JacaKcont h coh)3hh8 apcenan Bt 
JffiopAffliH 6hjih saxBa^eHH Bt SHBapi 1861 r. 

Bcjiifli'B saTtMX najit apcenajit bt> Orecxi (Augusta). 

$jiopHACKia afl;MHpajiTe8cTBa h ipa ^opxa Bt tomi ace niTaTfe 
6hjih saxBa^eHH b% aHBapi 1861 r. 

$opTi> Moprant Bt Ajia6aMi h apcesajit bi MayHTX BepnoHt 
TaEace nonajiH b'b pyKH Jom.di.m>. 

KoH$e;iiepai^iii OBJIa;^iJIa, xaKHMi o6pa30Mi.. bi. loaiHHX'L mxaTaxt 
rpoMa^HMiEHMH sanacaMH opyacia, aMBiyHHUiiH h x. n. TpHji;i^axL^ 
Kpinocxefi h xpn xhch^h nymeKt 6hjih Bt pyKaxi, lOKani. 

Ho nepBHfi ace nyine^HMfl BHcxpijii., paa^^aBinigca bt> $opxt 
CeMxept, oxpasHjica na Ci^Bepi caMMMx HeofiH^aflEHMt o6pa30MT>: 
HHKXo He oacH^aji'L xaKoro peayjiLxaxa. Mh caMH, ci^BepaHe, eme 
He 3HajiH, KaKOK) jiK)6oBLH) Kx cBoeft cxpani 6mj[h hojihh cepw^ 
Hamero napo^a. HacejieHie ace loaKHuxt mxaxoBi ne hm^jio fl;aace 
ox;i;ajieHHMniaro npe;n;cxaBJieHia o xomt», ^xo CiBepx» cxanext conpo- 
xHBjiaxLca. Ho Kor^a Hana;i;eHie na ^opxt C^Mxept cxajio ^aKTosit, 
CJIOBHO oroHB npo6'feacaji'E no. BceMy C^sepy, h Bci napxin coo^ehh- 
jiHCB B'B cxpeMJieniH npoxHBOcxaxB nacHJiiio na^i.t Han.ioHajiBHHM'B 
^jiaroMi. BcaKie xojikh o KOMnpoMHCci cx» K)roMx» ynojiKJiH. JIhh- 
KOJiLHt BHuycxHJi'B npoKjiaMai];iK), xpe6ya 75,000 coji^axi; ho npe^- 
jioaceme ycJiyrt npeB3omjio xpe6oBaHia npaBHxejiBcxBa. TaKB Hana- 
jiacL MeacAoycofinaa i^oflHa. 3a Mican.'B fl;o 3HaMeHaxejiBHaro nyme^- 
Haro BHCxpi^jia b'b $opxi CeMxepi bb HBio-IopKi 6hjio ne Majio 
xaKHXB MtcxHOciefl, rfl;* 6hjio onacHO fl;iJiaxB KaKia 6u xo hh 6ujio 
3aaBjieHia npoxHBi oxna;n;eHia oxb coH)3a; na jiipyrofl ji^enh noca^ 
axoro BHcxpiaa cxaao onacHHMB — ;i;aace bb xy^mnxt OKoaoxKax'B 
ropofl;a — CKa3axB xoxb caoBo bb noaB3y oxnafl;eHia. 

Kxo, nepeacHBinifi xi 3HaMeHaxeabHHe fl;HH, MoacexB K0^;^a-aH6a 
no3a6BixB hxb? Kxo bb cocxoaHin no3a6HXB xo cxpamnoe B036yac- 
;n;eHie, xt oacH^ania, paso^apoBania, HcnwxaHia, ropecxH, xpare;i;iH> 
Ha;i;effi;iiH h onacenia, xy 6opB6y, xy npejijaHHOcxB, Bci xi $opMBi 
BeaHKOfl;ymHJEjxx. ycnaifi, Koxopna xor^a BoaHOBaan C'feBepB? Bo3- 
MoacHO an no3a6HXB, pa3B nepeacHBniH axa on^ymenia, ^xo sna^HX-B 
acHXB acHSHBK) i];iao8 naiiiH, 6e33aB^xHO npe;i;aHHo8 6aaropoAHBiM'By 
naxpioxH^ecKHMB i];*aaM'B — mwib cpe^n MyacqHHB h aceHmHHB, 3a6H- 
Baroii^Hxi CBOHxi HacxHHXB HHxepecaxB, o noronife 3a 6aaroco- 
cxoameMTb, o6o BceMi., KpoMi^ cnacenia po^iiHHBi? 


. 


KAKX MH BOPO.IHCL nPOTHBl* PABCTBA. 55 

Bhjih, HecoMHtHHO, ji¥)]i,E, oGpaTHBHiie caMyio Bofiny bx fliofinyK) 
KopoBy; 6ujiE jiK);a;H nojiHBie 9roH3Ma; ho ne TaKOBir 6hiJii> o6in;iS 
;n;yxi> CTpaHH. rocno;i;cTByiomHMx nyBCTBOMt 6o;iBinHHCTBa ctBepaHi 
6hjio yfi-feacfljeHie, hto e;n;HHCTBo Coioaa ji;ojiacHo Chtb cnaceno bo 
^To 6u HH CTajio H i];tHoio KaKHX-B yroAHO acepTBt. „Ecjih", — roBO- 
pHJiH OHH, — ^paspyniHTca Corost, to Bce norH6HeTi). 9to Cjji^Tb Bce- 
o6mee paaopenie. Bce paBHO, SHa^HTi,: najiio aepxBOBaxB BciMt, ^to 
y Haci ecTB, qTo6H caacTH cxpany; h6o ocjih mh ho coxpanHM'L 
^ocy;^apcTBa, to h Bce, ^to mh HMi^eMX, noTepaeii BcaKyio ni^ny". 
9x0 Bceo6m;ee y6iacfl;eHie 6hijio npeKpacHO BHpaTKeno cy^Leio Pok- 
ByfliOMt TopoMi (Hoar) b-b caiiOMTb na^ajii boShh: „a nojiaraio, na- 
cejienie ciBepnuxx mTaTOB'B TBep;n;o ptmnjiocL ne ycTynaxL; — hh 
oji;Hofi jronaTH necKy, na^HHaa cl loacnofi OKone^HOCTefl $j[opH;nH, 
H HH o;i;Horo napajiHTHKa-Herpa, na^HHaa ch pncoBuxt 60J10TI, EDacHofi 
KapojiHHBj!" 

YII. 

MeHc;i,oyco6Hafl sofisa h en nocaiiACTBifl. 

HsJiaraH Hcxopiio cxojKHOBeHia, BH3BaHHaro' pa6cxB0M'b, a ho 
Morx ;i;epacaxBCff cxporo-xpoHOJiorHqecKaro nopfl:;i;Ka h npe^no^ejix 
no;H;qHHHTB CBoe HSJioaceHie xiMt oxj^ijiLnHMt xeMaMt, ct kotophmh 
HM^ji'E jij^JLO. Mh* npHji;eTCff, noaxoMy, B03BpaxHXLCff xenepB kt> ne- 
pio^y, ^pe;^^IecxBOBaBl^e]wy BoacxaHiio loacHHXi mxaxoBT,, qxo6Li 

BHHKHyXB BX fli^KOXOpHH HHXepeCHHH J^aHHHH XOPO SpeMeHH. 

Heo6xo;i;HMO npeHcji;e Bcero ocxanoBRXBCH na ABpaaMi JIhh- 
KOjiBHife, qejioBiKt, KoxopoMy cyac;i;eHO 6ujio cxaxB cnacHxejreMi 
Coio3a H ocBoSojiiHxeJieM'L hgbojibhhkob'b. Bi hoboS ncxopin nix^ 
fl;pyroro ^ejiOBina, Koxopiifi 6u aanHMajii noJioacoHie, KaKoe 3aHH- 
Majit OHX. Ho CBoeMy xapaKxepy h onLixy JIhhkojibht. 6bijit> aaM-fe- 
qaxejiBHO npHcnoco6jieHT» Kt BejTHKOMy A^Jijy h bch ero npe;i;me- 
cxBOBaBman ffiH3HB, KaBajiocB, 6HJia JiHmB npHroxoBjrenieM'b ki neMy. 
Bt Toxt xaacejiHfi nepio;!;!* nyaceHi 6hji'b qejioBi^Kt 6jraropa3yMHMft^ 

HO ptniHTeJIBHHa; OCTOpoaCHBlfi, HO TBepffHfi, — HejIOBiK'B BTB BHCO- 

^afimeft Mipi 6jiaropa3yMHtifi; nyaceHi) 6biji'l geJiOB^Kt cb BejiHKOK) 
coBtcTBK), HO oxHK)fl;B He 9Hxy3iacT'B HJiH ^aHaxEKx. Heo6xo;ii;HMo 
6hjio jrHii,o, BOKpyri Koxoparo Bci B^&pHHe CoK)3y mopjih 6h chjio- 
THXBca, HHHMH cjioBaMH — jiHi^o, HpoxKBt KOxoparo HO cymecxBOBajio 
npe;i;y6iayi;eHifl, h Koxopoe ne. 6hjio 6h napxH3aH0Mi) KaKoro-JiH6o 
KpafiHHro MH-feHiff. C^Bepane 6hjih pacni;enjieHH na mhoxo napxifi. 
HoBaa Anrjiia fiHJia pimnxejiBHOK) npoxHBHHi];efl pa6cxBa h ji;epaca- 
JiacB cxporaro „pecny6jiHKaHcxBa". IIIxaxH cpe;i;Hefl hojioch qyn- 

CTBOSaJIH CHJIBHyiD HaKJIOHHOCXB K% „fl;eM0KpaxH3My" h HeHaBHji;ijrH 

a6ojiHi;ioHH3Mi. OKpaHHHHe mxaxu 6hjih ^yxB ne naKanyHi oxna- 
fl;eHiH H Mo'rjiH 6htb y;i;ep3KaHH bx Coiosi jihuib TBepfl;oK), ho Jiac- 


56 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

KOBOK) pyKOK). PafliOMi ex nocji*fl;oBaTejiaMH Jlyrjiaca 6ujih nocjii- 
AOBaxejiH EajiJiJi h dfiepexxa h befh, npe^BOAHMHe BedcTepoM'E; 
6ujiEy HaEOHeii;i>, ^jiinxejiBHue jik);i;h spoA^ BojuiaHAnraMa (Yallan- 
digham), fiHBmaro npe3Hfl;eHTa Ilnpca h $epHaH;j,o By^a (Wood), 

CHMnaTiH KOTOpHXX 6UJIH BflOJIHi Ha CTOpOHi 6yHT0BmHE0BX. PtlEH- 

TOJiBHMfi a6oJiHi^ioHHGT'B oxjLSLjijiJL'b 6bi sHa^HxejiLHyK) qacTB nace- 
jienia, npHBepaceHHaro Coioay, h c^tjiajii 6h ee neSxpajiBHOK). Cxapo- 

SastTHUfi BHFL y6HJIl 6hl 3HTy3ia3M'b Bl) HeHaBEAtBHieMl pa6GTB0 

G^Bepi^. B'B Haqaji'b boShh h ^ojiroe BpeMH nocji'6 npaBHTejiLCXBo 
He npe^npHEHMajio HHEaKHXi maroBx k% ocBo6o^eHiK) pafioBi. 
npoRjiaMaAiH renepajia ^pHMOHxa, npoB03rjiacHBmafl b% MnccypH 
ocBo6o»c;;i;eHie HesojiBHHKOBii, 6HJia TaRi BHAonsMtHena npesH^eH- 
TOMX, ^TO CTaJia MepTBOK) 6yKB0K). npHEa3i> reHepajia FSHTepa, 

06%SlBEBmiS. Ufi^TROKOMETh CB06oJI;HUMH Ha V)ri, 6bIJII> OTM^HeH'E 
JIhHKOJIBHOMX. npOTHBHHKH pa6CTBa fiUJIH OrOp^OHH BCiMTb axHiix, 

HO Bce ace npoji;ojiacajiH noOTepacHBaTB npe3Hji;eHTa. Ohh anaJiH, ^to 
OB'S TO»e 6hji'l epothbehkomx 3Toro ;,yqpeaAGHia", h hto xoji.'e 
cofiHxiS npHBefl;exi., npn ero ace nocpoACXBt, kx na;^eHiH) HOBOJiBHH^e- 
cxBa. noAo6Ho caMOMy JiHHKOjiLHy, OHH yM*jiH „BHacHAaxB". JIhh- 
KOJiBH'B 6hiji'b xepnijiEBi, nojiOHii BSkj^QSiji^y pimnxejieH'B h My^P't- 
Ob% BHmejix B3% Hapo;i;a h Bnajix Hapo;^!* xopomo. B% homx Shjh 
xoxi hhcxhhkxi, cBflSHBaBfflifi ero ex nofl;o6HHMH eny, KOxopHfi 
OfljEHt fliaexx qejiOBtKy cnocofiHoext B3BifflHBaxB o6niecxBeHHoe Ha- 
expoenie. BocHHxaHHufl bx 6tfl;H0cxH h epefl,H xHacejiMxt o6cTOfl- 
TOJiLexBX, oHt He xepajTi. 6oji;poexH, nexpi^aa na nyxn xpyAHoexH. 
npH cepfl;i;i niacHOMt, KaKX y aceHni;HHH, OHt odjiaj^ajix xpesBBrMt, 
enoKofiflHM'B yMOMx. A bx. ocHOBaniH Beero 3xoro Jieasajia „eoBtcxL, 
8X0X1, piniHxejiLHO exanoBamiflca na xy hjih flipyryio exopony no- 
CopHHKt". ^xo 6h hh ejyqHJioeB — ^ypHOe hjih xopomee — ohx bo 
BeaKOMX ejyqat roxoBX 6hji'l bhhojihhxb cboA ;^0JirB, h ohx bh- 
nojiHHji'b ero j^o KOHiia. Boo6ni;e roBopa, 3xo Smjix ^ejiOBtKi ex 
oxx^HKOMx nocxoHHHofi xpycxH, Ha KoxopoMx HynexBO oxBi^xcxBen- 
HOcxH jieacajio xaacKHMx dpeMeneMt; ho ero npHpofl;HBifl lOMopx ^o- 
cxaBjiHJix eiiy ni^Koxopoe o6jierqeHie. 

Oahhx H3X MOHxx cxapHxi KeHxyKKeKHX'L ji;py3e3, 6HBniifl xaKace 
o^HHMi Hsx cxapiflmnxt fl;py3eH JiHHKOJiLHa, coo6mHji'b mh* ni- 
eKOJiBKo aHeK;i;oxoB'L, 6poeaioiii;Hxi> Koe-KaKoS CBixx» na xapaKxepx 
uoKofinaro npe3Hfl;eHxa. Mh* yace npHXOAHJioeL roBopHXL o cyAt^ 
C^H;^t (Speed), KeHxyKKeKOMX $epMepi, KoxopuS, xoxa eaMt HMiJit 

HOBOJILHHKOBX, HO COBepfflOHHO OXpHIi;ajI'B Bt npHHUHfli HOBOJIBHH- 

qecxBo. Ero HOBOJibHHKH 6ujiH ocBo6oac;iieHH nocjit ero ewepxH ero 
fttxBMH. 0;i;hh'b h3x ero cHHOBefl, Jl^acomya, 6y;n;y^H eni;e o^ent mo- 
JIo;^HMl> ^ejiOB-feKOMt, oxnpaBHjiea bt, Chphht^hjilaxi, ^xo bx Hmh- 
Hoflcfi, H oxEpujit xaMt ;^epeBeHCKyK) JiaBKy* ABpaaMX JiHHKOJiBH'by 
He3aai;ojiro nepeja;x, xiMX oxKpHBniifi xaMX» ace afl;BOKaxcKyK) Konxopy, 
samejn OAHaac;i;Li Bt JiaBKy. jjMHCxepx, GnBfl,i>y — cKasajit ohx», — bx 


KAKX MH BOPOJIHCB nPOTHBl PABCTBA. 57 

sa^Hefi KOMHaTi cBoefl kohtoph a nocTaBEjn KposaTB, a Tenept a 
xoTfejit 6u o6pafl;HTB ee — HMiTB Maipaci, nojOiyniKH, ^jianejieBHJi 

OA^HJia H npOGTHHH. R H6 BB GOCTOflHin 3anjiaTHTB BaMB Sa HHX'B 

ceS^iacB, HO, a nojiaraio, CMory 8to cji.'fejiaTB bb Te^enie cjiifl;yH)m,efi 
cyjiiefiHofi ceccin". Cuhj^b h^ckojibko snajiB JiHHKOJibHa; ohi CKasaJiB 
eMy i^'feHy Beni;e3, ho BM-fecTi^ cb T'feM'B npH6aBHJi*B: ^MncTepB JIhh- 
KOjiBHB, y MeHH Ha^B jiaBRoS 6ojiBmaH ROMHaTa h bb ue& dojiBmaH 
RpoBaTB; ecjiH xothto, bu MoaceTe hocojihtbcji TaifB bm^ct'S co 
MHOH)". — „A KaRB Ty^a nonacTB? — cnpocHJiB JIhhrojibhi h sartmB, 
BsoSjija. no Ji^&CTHjmi, hojioskhjib cboh nepoMeTHHa cyMRH bb yrjiy 
KOMHaTH, H, cnycTHBmHCB, saaBHjiB: ^MncTepx Chh^b, a nepeixajiB**. 

OhH aCHJIH BB OfliHOft ROMHaT* ^iJIHX^ HflTB JliXTb H CTajIH HCRpeH- 

hhmh fl;py3BaMH. Korji;a JIhhrojibhb ciajiB npean^iieHTOMB, ohx bh- 
6pajiB ceSi bb renepajiBHHe aTTopneH fipaia Jacomya CnHji;a, JI^seMca, 
npeBOcxofl;Haro lopHCxa h saMiqaiejiBHO fiesRopHCTHaro ^ejiOBiRa. 
BesRopHCTie 6ujlo OTJiH^iHTejiBHOfl ^epTofi Bcefi axoS ceMBH. 

Mn-fe npHffljiocB RaRB-TO npoBecTH ofl;HO nocji'feo6tji,a bb o6in;e- 
CTB* Jtacoinya CnnAa bb ero RenxyRRCROMB jisyjn^ h ohb roBopHjn 
MHt, qxo BO Bce BpeM^ ero SHaROMCXBa cb JIhhrojibhom'b, no- 
cJit^^Hifl 6hjib HCRpeHHo npejaHB cBoefl npo^eccin: ohi 6BrjiB co- 
b^cxjihbb, npaBAHBB, HopflAOHeHB. Ohb j^epacajicfl bb cxoponi orb 
pasBJieqeflifi, ne roBopa yace o nopoRaxB, bb x^ BpeMena secBMa 
pacnpocxpaHeHHHxi>. Ohi ho ynoxpe6jD[ajiB cnnpxHHXB nannxROBB 
H 6ujiB B03AepataHB bo BceMB. ^xo Racaexcs HHxepeca rb lopncnpy- 
j[,eBj^i[, xo boxb Roe-qxo o6b sxomb npejtMexi: „JlHHROjiBHy ojifiOMflfii 
nopyiieHO 6hjio a^JO, cyni;HOcxB Roxoparo saRjiiogajiacB bb onpe^-fe- 
jieHiH rpaHHii;H yqacxRa bomjih bb cxena. Bb cxenn nixB hh j^e- 
peBBeBB, hh RaMHH. noaxoMy Haji;cMOxpni;HRH sa MeacaMH hmI^jih o6ur- 
HOBenie nacHnaxB, no yrjiaMB ynacxRa, He6ojiBniie xojimhrh somjih. 
Ho a^jio bb tomb, ^ixo cxennaa Si&JiRa hm^oxb o6BiRHOBeHie bobbo- 
^HXB ho^oShhS ace xojimhrb naflix CBoeft nopRofl. BonpocB h niejiB 

XOMB, 6hJIB JIH xojimhrb, ROXOpOMB HlJia pi^B, A^JIOMB Ha;^- 

CMOxpnvHRa, hjih 6ijiRH? JIhhrojibh'b BHnHcajiB H3B Hbio-IopRa RHHra 
no 300JioriH h cxajiB no mmb H3y«iaxB npaBH cxennofl 6^jlb.r. Kor^a 
fl,oniJio AO pasfinpaxejiBcxBa, ohb ofiBacHHJiB cy^B* h npncHacHHMB, bb 
HeMB coGxojiJia pa3HHii;a Meac^y xoiiMHROMi HaACMOxpn],HRa h xojimh- 
romt* 6ijiRH. 3BtpeRB, 3a6oxacB o CBoefl ceMtt, acHByuj;efi no^B xoji- 
mhromi, yxanxHBajiB BepxymRy nocjii^Haro o^eHB x^axejiBHo h 
xaRB ace xn^axejiBHO saRanqEBaJiB ee RonycoMB, ^xoSh ^axB xo- 
poraift cxoRB Aoac^eBofl BO^-fe. HanpoxHBB, y HaACMOxpni,HRa ne 6hjio 
iiofl;o6HHxX) MOXHBOBB BB ero pa6oxi h noxoMy ecxecxBOHHo 6hjio 
ero xojiMHRy hm^xb yci^enHyio, hjih h^crojibro yrjiySjiennyH) Bep-: 
xyniRy. 

Ho OROH^aniH ;n;4jia cyji,Ba, ROxopHS 6hjib hhrxo hho8, RaRB 
fiy^ymift nojinxn^ecRiS conepHHRx> JiHHROJiBHa Cxheohb 9. JyrjiacB, 
ssCinejiB BB ero Ronxopy n namejiB mojio^opo aji;BORaxa Bce eme 3a 


58 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

ecTecTBeflHOHCTopH^ecKHMH KHHraMH H Hsy^enieMt npaBOB'B cTen- 
HEixt BBiptKOBt. Emj hg 6fciJio 6oji^e ixpaKTHqecKofl HavH;o6HOCTH 
Bi. 8Toro poji;a BHamaxt; ho ohi TaKX 3aHHTepecoBajic« npefl;Me- 
TOMi, ^TO npofl;ojiffi;aji'B Hsy^eHie. H cYJi^hs, h aj^BOKart npoBe-iH 
coo6ma uf^jLu^ Beqepx Ha^t KHHraMH, ne noAOsptBan Toro, ^ito bi> 
6y;i;yni;eMi» 6opL6a Meacfl;y hhmh noTp^cex'b cxpany h cji;ijiaeT'L o^Horo 

HSt HHXt npe3HJi;eHT0M'B CoeAHHeHHHX'L niTaTOBTB. 

Bt BOcpeceHBe yTpoMt, aapiJiH 14-ro 1861 ^OJ^a, MafiopTb AHfl;ep- 
coH'B cjiBiJLTy $opTi> CeMTept pHuapHMi. lOacHofi KapojiHHH. JIhh- 
KOjiBHi 6^11 Tor^a npe3H;i;eHT0Mi> HewHorHM's fiojiie Micama. Uat- 
HawaTaro anpijiJi OHt BHnycTHJit cboh) npoKJiaMaD[iK), bi KOTopofi 
npHStiBajct no;i;i» SHaMena ceuhjificsiYh hatb thch^i* BoficKa, iito6h 
HOOT^P^KaTB CHjiy 3aK0Ha Bt B03MyTHBfflHxca ffliaxax'B. SaT^MX na- 
^ajiacL BoSna, OKOHiiHBniaHca ^epest iieTupe ro^a, ^leBflTaro anpijia 
1865 r.; Kor;i;a JIh c^ajica na KanHTyjiai^iH) co CBoefl apsiiefi. 

B% Ha^ajit boShh Bce, KasajiocL, 6hjio npoTHBt CiBepa. Bci 
npeHMyffl;ecTBa 6hjih Ha CToponife lOra. K)acaHe sasjiaA^jiH bcgk) 
aMMyHHi^iefl h ycjiajiH bc1& coi03HHa BoficKa bx caMua ;n;ajrLHia 3a- 
na;i;HHa h ioro-3anaji;HHa OKpaHHH. Y Coi03a ne 6uJio hh apMiH, hh 
$jiOTa, a rocy;i;apcTBeHHoe Ka3HaT[eficTB0 6hjio nycTO. IIpaBHTejiB- 

CTBy npHinJIOCB BSHTB BT> 3aSMH y HblO-IopKCKHXt 6aHK0B'B H-fe- 
CKOJIBKO MHJIJiiOHOB'B J^OJIJiapOBX, qTo6H Ha^aTE BOeHHBia ^^ScTBia 

lOacaHe caMHMt BOcnHTanieMt cbohmx 6lijih npiy^eHH wb ynoTpe- 
6jiem¥) opyacia; ciBepane — Hao6opoT'E. K)acaHe dphbbikjih jupaiBca cb 
opyatieMB bx pyKax'B, h6o ohh schjih Bt ycjiOBiaxt nenpepMBHaro 
BoeHHaro nojioaceHia; nosTOMy, KaKt bto hh 6hjio rpycTHO, Ka3a- 
jiocB ecTecTBeHHHMT), ^TO coH)3HHa BoflcKa fl;oJiacHH 6HjrH BB nep- 
BHXB dHTBaxx HOiepntTB nopaacenie. Mpa^HHa 9to 6hjih BpeMena 
fl;jia npHBepffieni^eBB Coiosa. Ci Ha^eac;i;oS rjia^ijiH mh 3a npe^tjiH 
co6cTBeHHofi cxpaHH, HHiia co^yBCTBia, ho He naxo^HJiH ero. Bt* 
BH;i;y pimHTejiBHHx^ 3aaBjieHifi Anrjiin npoTHBy pa6cTBa, mh Ha;n;ia- 
jiHCB, ^To OHa CTaneTB na Hamy CTopony; OKasajiocB, ^to HaH6ojii^e 
BjiiaTejiBHHe jiioah 6hjih npoTHBB nacB. ApHCTOKpaxia, apnia h 
$jioxT>, n;6pK0BB H JiJOjiji nepa — bc^ noOT^pacHBajiH ¥)r%\ na namefi 
cxopoH^ 6hjio Bcero h^ckojibko ^ejiOBi^KB Bpo;^^ Jl^acona Bpafixa 
(Bright), PHqap;i;a Ko6fl;eHa, ToJijiiBHHa CMHxa, JI^k. Cx. Mnjijia, M 
pa6oqi3 KJiaccB. HanpaBjiaeMBie x^mb caMHMB hhcxhhkxomb — 6ojite 
rjiy6oKHMB, ^.^wb pascy^OEB, h 6oJiie Bceo6xeMjiK)ni;HMB, ^^mb sna- 
Hie — KOxopHS HifeKor;n;a nofiyac^ajiB npocxofi napojii'B cxeKaxBca pa- 
fliocxHO KB XpHcxy, xorji;a KaKB „My;i;pHe" h „pa3cy;n;HxejiBHHe" 
jiiOAH He xoxtjiH ero cjiymaxB, paSo^ie na $a6pHKaxB JIaHKaniHpa 
H BOo6m;e xpyKeHHKH npoMHmjieHHOCxH oxnecjiHCB xojioji;ho kx 
npoaBJieniaMB o6ni;ecxBeHHaro Heffpyacejiio6ia kb CoK)3y, xoxa HXt 
xji^6'h Hacyn];HHH saBHC^&jiB oxb xjiOHKa. Ohh cxohjih 3a C-i^Bepi ja;o 
KOHn,a, xoxa, 6jiaroAapa cBoeMy nojioacemio, MHorie hsi hhx'B bi* 
KOHHii KOHniOBTb jEBHiHJiHCB HOCJiijiiHaro KycKa xjii6a. 


\ 


KAK'B Mil BOPOJIHCL nPOTHBl PABCTBA. 59 

Mh nocjiajiH bx AnrjiiH), Bt Ka^iecTBi namero ;i;HEJiOMaTHqecKaro 
Tipe;a,CTaBHTeji^, ^ejiOBiKa, KaKt 6h poarji;eHHaro ji,JiE btoto nocTa. 
8to dHjiT) MHCTept ^apjibsx ^paHcnct Aji;aMcx. noji;o6HO CBoeMy 

OTIi;y, OHt diJJI'B ^ejIOB^Kl CnOKOfiHUS, XJiajIiHOKpOBHHfi, OCTOpOffi- 

hhS, pasyMHHfi, BecBMa pimnTejiBHHS h coBepmenHO HenoKOjie6H- 
MHfl. IIojiQSKeHie ero, cpe;i;H btetl Bceo6in;HXT» CHMnaiifl no ajOipecy 
KOH$e^epaiiiH, 6hjio o^eHt Taacejio, ho oh^ hh pasy ne ckjiohhji^ 
rojioBH. Kor^a Jiop^i PeccejiB *) OTKasajica ocTanoBHTB coopyaceHie 
Bt AnrjiiH BoesHMXt Kopa6jieH ji;jiih KOH$e;i,epai;iH, to Aji;aMci 
npocTO aaM^THJi^: „KoHeqHO, Barae ciiiTejiBCTBO nonzMaeTe, ^ito 3to 
paBHOCHJiBHo Boflnt." Tor;i;a tojibko Jiop;i;x PeccejiB ocxaHOBHJii 
nocTpofiKy ynoMaHyTHXTb cy;n;0Bi. To3ty ace Peccejiio npHHa;i;j[eacHT'B 
BupaaceHie: jjJjKe^^epcoHB JtaBHCB C03ji;aji'B Hai];iK)". BojiLinHHCTBO 
aHOHqant Ghjih y6tayi,eHH, 'ito Ci&Bepi HHKor;i;a He no6i^HT'E K)ra. 
OflH HasMBajiH 8Ty BOHHy nopofflc;i;eHieM'B ^ecTOjiiofiia ciBepan'B h 
BHpaacajiHCB btei tomi. CMHCJii, ^to CiBepy cji'fi;ii;oBajio npe^ocTaBHTB 
K)ry OT^^tjiHTBC^. AnrjiificKOH apHCTOKpaTin, JIH)J^aM^ nepa h Topro- 
BOMy KJiaccy xoxijiocB Bujij^ih Hamy cTpany pasj^i^jieHHoio h ocjiia6- 
jieHHOK). Ohh Haxo;niHjrH, ^to CoeAHHenHLie IIlTaTH pocjiH cjiHniKOM'B 
6HCTpo H npeBpamajrHCB bi* cjinniKOM'b cHJiLHoe rocyfl;apcTBo; sna- 
qenie Coioaa cTanoBHjiocL ^ipeaMipHHMi h 6HJio-6Br otjih^ho, ecjiH 
6u ero MoacHO 6hjio pacmennxB nrf ji,^i hjih Tpn qacTH. 3a Bce axo 
BejiHKofipHTaHia nonjiaTHJiacL, 6jji,y^r Bnocjii^CTBiH npHHyac;neHa 
Be TOJIBKO B03Harpa]i;HTB 3a Bpe^t, KOTopHfl nanecjiH coio3HOMy (})jioTy 
KOH$eji;epaTCKie KpeficepH, nocTpoenHHe cb ea ^osBOJieniff, ho h 
npH3HaTB, HTO OHa 6Hjia He npaBa, SHnycTHBT, 8th Kopa6jiH H3'b 

CBOHXTi HOpTOBB. 

Koi'^a no^Hajica napoj^B C-feBepa, Tor;i;a tojibko CKasajiocB, „Ka- 
Kaa CHJia ji;peMjierB bb pyKife CBo6oji;Haro ^ejiOB^Ka". Ehph, npefl;BO- 
j^HMHO jik);i;bmh Bpo^i Be6cTepa h Kjiaa, KaKB h ciBepHHe ^eno- 
KpaTH, npesBOji;HMLie cbohmh BejiHKHMH BoacaKaMH, npiy^eHH 6hjih 

fiipHTB BB HeoSxOJIiHMOCTB C0K)3a H KOHCTHTyii;iH. Cl> APyroft CTO- 

poHBi, pecny6jiHKaHCKaa napTia, BHpocHiaji no;i;B BJiianieMB yqHTejiefi — 
H noJiHTE^ecKaro h He nojiHTHqecKaro THna — Bpaac^^ednHXT, paficTBy, 
npiyHBHa 6MJia BHji;iTB Bejinqagmyio onacHOCTB j[^JLSi cTpaHu bb 
HeBOJiBBH^ecTBi. OTna^enie lOra yji;apHJio no o6ohmb 8thmb hyb- 
CTBaMB. Oho paspymajio nar^ionajiBHoe eji;HHCTBO h paspymajio ero 
bo HMfl HeBOJiBEH^ecTBa. OcKop6jiaa 06a 3TH ^yBCTBa — npHBepffien- 
HOCTB KB rocyfl;apcTBeHHOMy e;i,HHCTBy h OTBpani;eHie kb pa6cTBy — 

K)rB, TaKHMB 06pa30MB, 06BeAHHHJIB C-feBepB, KOTOpnS H BCTaJIB, 

KaKB oji;hhb qejiostKB. 

CKopo 6hjih cBHMnpoBH3HpoBaHH rpoMaji,Htflinia apMin. ^epesB 
nflTB;necaTB ^neS nocjii 6htbh npn ByjiJiB-PeHB (Bull-Run), Kor^a 
IIoTOMaKCKaa apMia 6HJia, noBHfl;HM[OMy, ;i;eMopajiH30BaHa, Apyraa 


*) TorAaraHift aHrjdfiCKifi mdhhctp-b HHOCTpaHHUxt jijkjrb. llepee. 


60 PyCOKOB BOrATCTBO. 

apjiiH BX CTO THca^t qejioBi^Ki. 6HJ[a cosj^ana bi. BamHHrroHt no^t 
npe^BOAHTejiBCTBOMi MaKi-KjieJiJiaHa, kotophS npeBpaTHjit ee Bt 
npeBOCxo^HO ^Hci^HiiJiHHHpoBaHHyK) CHjiy. lOacHfcie mTaxH o6%siBjLeuu 
6bijih bx 6j[0EaA^. 3a rpaHHii;efi 6jioKa;i;y c^Hxajin neBHnojiHHMoS; 
T^Mi* He HLQE^Q K)»CHaH rpaHHii;a 6Hjia noi^i Ha6jiK);i;eHieMi>; ee cto- 
poacHJiH. npaBfl;a, MHoro cjaobi ycKOJiLsajio oti 6jioKafl;H; bi o6- 
meM'L, OfliHaKO, ona 6ujia npHSHana ^ocTHraBineK) Bii^JiH. 

Jto T^x% nopi B^ CoK)3'fe He cy^ecTBOBajio xopomo opraHHSo- 
BaHHaro rocyfl;apcTBeHHaro Kpe^jHTa. MnHHCxpy $HHaHC0Bi> Caji- 
MOHy n. ^33y (Salmon P. Chase) npHHa^JieaKmrB qecTb ycTanoBjie- 
Hia CHCTeMH Hai^ionajiBHaro Kpe;i;HTa, OKaaaBmeflca necoMHtHHO — 
Gi» xix'b nopx H AO HacToamaro BpeMenn — snaqHTejiBHO jiy^nieK), 
^ifii'B KaKajT jih6o hsi. cyni;ecTBOBaBniHXi. ^o Tixi nopt Bt Coe;iiH- 
HeflHHxi> niTaTaxt. Bujiotb ^o Toro BpeMenn ynjiaxa no ^oKaM^ 
6aHKa o;^Ho^o mxaTa npoH3BO^HJiacE danKOMi jupyroro mTaxa, h 
6aHKH fflTaTOBt (rocyfl;apcTBeHHHe) to h ]i,^jio JionaJiHCB no sceft 
expand. EaHRH hoboS cncxeMU OEasajiHCB Jiy^ime ji^SiMe cxaparo 
6aHKa Coe;iiHHeHHxi> IIIxaxoBt noji,% ynpaBJienieMi HnKOJiaa Bhwji^ 
(Nicolas Biddle). 

CoK)3HHe apcenajifci BCKopi npHHajiHCB sa pa6oxy, HsroxoBJiaa 
XHca^iH nynieKt h pyacefi 6^ dent, 

BcKop-fe xaKHce, 6jiaroji;apa npeji;ycMOxpHTejiLHOcxH h KpacHopi^iio 
FenpH B. BeJiJiOBca (H. W. Bellows), cxajia pafioxaxL h canHxapHaa 
KOMMHccia. 9x0 6hji'b hobhA ^apt ^ejioBifeqecxBy, noKa3LiBaBniifi 
nacKOJiLKO yacacH bo3hh Moryxi ohxl CMar^eHH h ea 3Jio nefixpa- 
jiH30BaH0 CHJiOH) cepjte^Hbix'B, ni;e;n;pMX'E, pasyMHHXt h nocxoaHHwx'B 
safioxx JiHn;^, ocxaion^Hxca ^OMa, o xixi, kxo 6hjih na xeaxpt 
BoflHH. Jlyqmia acenntHflH cxpanH npHCoe^HAHjiHCL n't apniH b^ 
Ka^ecxBi cecxepi MHjiocep;i;ia. Hx:b mokho 6hjio nafixH bo Bcixt 
rocnHxajiaxt, Ha nojii cpamenia, fl;0Ma — Bi^Ho 3a pa6oxoS, b^^ho 
cxpeMam,HMHca fl;ocxaBHXB coji;iiaTaMX> BceBosMoacHHa y^oficxBa. Hpn- 
noMHflaH) ofl;HO BOCKpecoHLe, Kor^a npHmjio nsBicxie o xomx, ^xo 

XOJILKO ^XO OKOH^HJiaCL 6HXBa, H ^XO 3Ha^HXejIBH0e KOJIH^eCXBO 

BcaKoft BcaqHHH HyacHO 6hjio j^jisi cojiAaxi. 06%aBJieHie no axoMy 
noBo^y yKa3biBajio HSB-fecxHHH aApecB, ;i;omx nacynpoxHB'B TpeMOHxi- 
ray3a, bi Bocxoh^, Ky;n;a Ben^H ^oJiacHH 6hjih nanpanJiaxBca. Ilocjii 
uojiyj^Ha xoro ace BOCKpeceHBa bocl xpoxxyapx» 6hijrh yace saHax'B 
ani,HKaMH, npHCJiaHHHMH ast MHornxt oEpecxHHX'B ropo;i,OBX,! 

^epesTb ;i;Ba-xpH ro^a mh yjKe HMijiH caMyio o6niHpHyH), nan- 
jiy^me OTCAHnjiHHHpoBaHHyio apMiio, KaKyio Kor^a-jiH6o BB^i^jit cBi^xi,, 
npe;i,BOAHMyio npeeocxofliHLiMH o^npepaMH; apmiio, cocxoaBuiyio HSt 
jjmxHKOBi, yMiBiHHxt He xojiBKo jiipaxBca, HO H ^ynaxb". Bx> na- 
T^ajii BofiHH cifeBepHHe renepajiM 6hjih neoHHXHH, ho cxajiH nocxe- 
neHHO My^pH h HCKycHBi, noKa, HaKoneni'i., mh ne nac^HXHBaJiH 
cpe;i;H hhxx, xaKHXi jiK)fl;efl, KaKB Tpanxt, IIIepMaHi, niepnj^afl'B^ 
ToMacB, B^pHcafij^B, FyKepi h Mbji;!*. 


i 


KAKl MH BOPOJIHCL UPOTHBl PABCTBA. 61 

MejKjiiy Tiwh Hapoj^x 6uji'h roTOBt Bce oij^aiL, Bce nepenecTH, 
Bce c^^jiSLTh. Bci Mpa^HBia npe;i;cKa3aHiji, jff^JiaBmisica Ha c^eii, ero, 
OKasajiHCB jiyTHMH. roBopHJFOCB, HanpflMtpt, HTO HREaKaar Han;ia ne 
MOJKeTt BecTH Meacfl,oyco6Hyio Boftny h bi. to 3Ke BpeMff ocTaBJiaTB 
HenpHKOCHOBeHHOK) CBofio^y pli^H H ne^aTH. Mh ne xpoHyjiH hh 
Tofi, HH ji;pyroS. CiBepHHa raseTBi, co^yBCTBeHHHfl K)ry, npoji;oji- 

acaJIH BHXOAHTB H MOOH He^aTaTB, ^TO TOJIBKO HMt B3SyMaJI0CB. 
CoSBIBaJIHCB MHTHHrH HpOTHBTb BOAhH, COCXaBJIffJIHCB C06paHiJI ^JTff 

conpoTHBJieniH Bofini h y^iacTHHKH lixt h inpyrnxt nojiBSOBajiHCB 
noJiHoft CBo6oji;oft piHH. Yb^phjih, Kor;i;a Masons h Cjiafi^^ejunb (Sli- 
dell) 6hjih saxBa^eHH h KpHKi pa^ocxH nponecca no BceMy Ci- 
Bepy, qxo aMepHKaHi^H hh sa ^ito He corjiacflxca BOSBpaxHXB Hxt 
AnrjiiH *). Ho Kor;n;a Hama y6i;a;HJiacB, ^xo nofl;o6HHfi mari Heo6xo- 
J^HM'B, OHt HHrji;i^ He BCxp'fexHji'B onno3HniiH. Jl^Jio 6ujlo BtinojiHeHO 
MOJiia. KpH^ajiH, ^xo CBo6o;i;HHe BH6opH npe3H;i;eHxa obtjih neBOS- 
MOHHBi cpe;i;H xaKoS boShh; xisit ne MCHie, KO^;^a OKOH^HJicii JIhh- 
KOJiBHy ero ^lexBipexjiixHifi cpoKi,, HOBwe BHfiopw cocxo^jihcb h 
f)UJiu upoBeneHH xo^HO xaKJKe, KaKTb ecjiH 6h Bt cxpani^ n;apcTB0- 
Baji'B rjiy6oKifl MHp'B. 

ToBopHjiocB paBBLiMt o6pa30M'B, ^ixo Haii;ijT, xpaxantaji na bobh- 
HLiH H3;i;epas;KH no fl;Ba MHJiJiioHa fljoJUiapoBt bi jubbl, jnojiacHa CKopo 
oSaHKpoxHXBCff. BtiJio BpeMH, Kor;i;a fiyMaacHHii jteHLrn cxpamno 
ynajiH bx D;tHt; x^mb ne Men'fee 6aHKpoxaMH mh HHKorjiia ne 6HjrH. 
Mh HHKorj^a ne oxKasHBajiHCB ox-b cbohx-b jiojiroBX. Yb^^sjib, ^xo 
ecjiH TOn> h 6yji;ex'B no6'feaK;;i;eHi bT) otkphxom'b nojit, ohtb cxanex'b 
npo^ojiacaxB napxHsancKyio Bofiny. Ha caMOMt ji.ijii Boflna OKOH^HjracB 
CB KanHxyjiaitiefl Jla h JlacoHcoHa. YBipHJiH, ^xo B03CxaH0BJieHie coK)3a 
HeB03MoacHO, Hxo loacHBie mxaxLi ;i,o xoro Bpaac^efiHH Cfoepy, ^xo hh 
3a iixo He B03Bpaxaxca BB Corost. 0;i;HaK0, BCKop-fe ohh ;i;o6poBOJiBHO 
ctfOBa sanajiH CBoe wtcxo b'b $eAepan,iH, corjiacHBniHCB BH;i;oH3MtHHXB 
CBOH KOHcxHxyniH B'B CMHCJi1& yHH^xoHceHia HeBOJiBHH^ecxBa. Bjraro- 
cocxoHHie H Bceo6mee j[Obojibcxbo paci^Bi^jiH no Bceft cxpant y 
Bcfext^Ha rjiasaxX). ToBopanH, ^xo 6e3^HCjieHHaa apiiia C'fenepa np 


*) MasoHT. H CjiafiffejuTB 6ujih ;i;HnjOMaTHHecKHMH npe^jCTaBiiTCJiiiMn lOHvHofi 
KOHtj^eAepjiniH B'B AnrjiiH. AnrjiificKoe cjaho, na KOTopoMi> ohh njubwrn, 6ujlo ocTa- 

HOBJieHO BTb 0TKpHT0M1> MOp-fe C'feBCpO-aMepHKaHCKHM'B KpeftcepOMTi H o6a KOH- 

<j)r;;opaTa apecTOBantr. C-b to^ich Bp-fenifl cfeBepHH-B MasoH-B h CjiaH;i,ejjn> 6ujin, 
KOHe^HO, HapyraHTejiBMH saKOHOBTb h KOHCTHTyuin Coe;!i;HHeHHE>irB IIlTaTOBis, h 
Tun-b KaK'B lOHtnaii K0H4>eAepaiyfl ne 6ujia npasHaHa hh o;^Hoft hb-b ;i;ep3KaR'B boh)H)' 
uifijo CTOpOHoft, TO He HM-fejia saKOHHaro npana ;i,HnjiOMaTHHecKaro Hpe;^CTaBHTejrf>- 
CTBa; noKpoBHTejiBCTBO JKC efi CO cTopoHH jiioooft HeftrpajifcHofl ;^ep>KaBH (b-b 
TOBfB HHCJit H Be^HKOopHTamn) OMJio 'CB TOHKH 3p*feHiH MCHc^iyHapo^^Haro npaBa 
HeAonycTHMO. Ho jijkjio b-b tom-b, hto bchkob cyAHO, naxoj^BmeecH B'B nsB'i^cTHOM'B 
paacTOHHiD otb lyaoro 6epera — a Boennoe cy;i,Ho ^ame n y caMaro TaKoro 6e- 
pera — c^nTaeTCii TcppaTopieio Tofl ^^epataBH, KOTopofi npHHaj^jreatHrB. Botb no- 
Heaiy apecTB MaaoHa h Cjafi;^ejiJifl 6ij[ji'b HesaKoneH-B h aHrjiidcsoe npaBHTCJiBCTBO 
iioTpe6oBaJio BOSBpameniH eny o6oex'b apecTOBaHHHX'B. Ilepee. 




62 pyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

corjiacHTca 6htb pacnymeHHOio h uoja^^EEwrh cTpany BoeHHofi BjacTH 
Meac^y TiMt, KaKt tojibko OKonqHJiacB Boflna, apMin caMa cofioio 
pacxaHJia; BoeHHwe juojsji psu^H 6iium B03BpaTHTBca kb ^acTHoft 

SESHtl H KB GBOHM'B npeSEHMl 3aHJITiHM'B. FOBOpHJIOCB, EaROHei^^^ 

^TO ecjiH 0CB060AHTB HerpoBB, to ohh ne cxaayrB pa6oTaTB h ne- 
peMpyrB; bi HacxoHu^ee xe BpeMJi BHpaacaeMHJi onaceHia sasjuo- 

qaiOTCa BTEi TOMB, ^TO HerpU paSMHOHCaiOTCa CJIHinKOMB fiHCTpO H, 

^ero Ao6paro, BurfecHflTB cb K)ra 6*jioe Hacejrenie. 

9t0 6hJI0, nOJIOHCHTeJIBHO, J^'fejI0MB IIpOBHfliiHiH, ^TO npe3H;i;eHT0M'B 

HaniHM'B 6bijib hmghho TaKofl T^ejiOBtKB, KaKX AfipaaMB JIhhkojibhb. 
Byji;B Ha ero MtcTi jih^hoctb, fiojiie cooTBiTCTBOBaBinaff ^ejxaniffM'B 
a6ojiHH,ioHHCTOBB H BparoBx neBOjBHHqecTBa, ona ne o6Be;i;HHHjia 
6u Haii;iK); h yact bo bchkomb cjiyna^fe TaKan jih^hoctb ne jG^jsfljis, 
6u OKpaHHHBie niTaTBi ocTaTBCJi BB Coioai. Cb jiipyrofi cTopoHtr, 6yj^B 
Ha MicTt JiHHKOjiBHa ^eJioBtK'B Bpa3K;i;e6HBrfl a6oJiHniioHH3My, ohb 
Toace He o6T.eAHHHjiB 6u nai^iH. Bb JiHHKOJiBHt-ace, EaKHMB . ohb 
6ujii>, MH HM*JiH jiH^HOCTB, KOTopaa cep;i;n;eMx h yo'feH^eHieMB fifirja 
npoTHB-B pa6cTBa, ho KOTopoflniiJiB fiHjia — cnaceme CoH)3a. „Ecjin" 
CKa3aji'B OH-B o;^Ha3KJ^BI, ^Coiosx MoacerB 6htb Bcero BtpHie cnaceH'B 
ocBo6o3K;i;eHieMB pa6oBB, a totobb ocbo6oahtb hxb bc^xb. Ecm 
3Toro cnaceniH mojkho Bcero Jiy^nie ;i,ocTHrHyTB, ocbo6o;h;hbb tojibko 
^acTB HeBOJiBHHKOBB — fl TOTOB'B ocBo6ofl;HTB ^acTB. EcjiH SCO ero 
M03KH0 Bcero ycH'feniH'fee ;i;octht[b bobco ho ocBo6oac;i;aa pa6oBB — a ne 
ocBo6oa[y hh o;i;Horo". Ohb ho cntmHJiB, ho ohb nenpepMBHO jbh- 
rajicH Bnepe;^B. Ohb snajiTi napo^'B. YiiiTB yra;i;aTB, ^evo acejiaerB 
Hapo^B, ^TO eMy nyacHo — ecTB cnoco6HOCTB, npHcymaa hcthhho se- 
jiHKOMy rocynapcTBGHHOMy ^ejioBi&Ky. BcnoMZHaiOTCH mh* no STOMy 
^OBo;^y cjiOBa ryfiepnaTopa An^pio o6b Ah;i,pk) Jl^acaKConi *). O^HaafliBi 
nocji^ji^Eeuj saMiTHJiH, tto Mi^pa, KOTopyio ohb xot^-tb hpehhtb, 
6HJia He fljeMOKpaTHqna. „flHe Hyac^aiocB hh bb %hxb o6BffCHeHiax'B 
no Bonpocy tom-b, ^to ^eMOKpaTH^HO h ^to He;i;eMOKpaTHqHo", 
BCKpH^ajiB Jl^acaKcoHB, — „ecjiH MHi^ noTpe6yeTca ysnaTB, ^to fl;eMo- 
.KpaTHqno, a cnponiy tomb cTapHKa AHjOipK) JI^acaKcoHa; ow^'3HaeTB, 
^To ;^eMOKpaTHHHO, ;i;aace ecjiH 6bi hhkto HHofine 3HajiB. Ecjih ecTB 
Ha CBiTi jiieMOKpaT'B, TaKB 3to, KOHe^Ho, ohb". 

JIhhkojibhb 6hjib HecBii;i;yni,B bb BoennoMB jij^ji^y Jtace^^epcoH'B 
JI^bbhcb noJiy^HJiB saKOHqennoe BoeHHoe o6pa30BaHie. JiHHKOjiBHy 
npHmjiocB BHa^ajii^ 6e3ycjiOBHO OTfl;aTBca BBpyKH CKOTTa h ^py- 
THXB renepajiOBB h ^i.tficTBOBaTB no;i;B hxb ji;HKTOBKy. Kor;i;a MaKx- 
KjiejuraHX ^ojiro Mefl;jiHji'B nocji^ Toro, KaKB apMia 6BiJia coBepmeHuo 
roTOBa, H 3aTpy;^HHJiCH ;i;BHHyTBCH Baepeji,B, JIhhkojibhb cKasaji'B 


*) Ah;i^ph) Jl^HtaKCOH-B (1767 — 1845) oTjin^injicfl Bt bo&h']^ cb Anrjiiefi; bi> 
1821 Tojsj CTaji-B ry6epHaTopoMi> ^jiopH;i;w; cb 1823 no 1829 roji^iy 6hijrh cona- 
-ropoMi>; CB 1829 no 1837 r. — cgabmum-b npe3H;i;eHT0M'B Cop;;HHeHHBTX'B IIlTaTOB'B- 

Ilepee. 


j 


KAKt Mfcl SOPOJIHCB HPOTHBl. PABCTBA. 63 

onHOMy Hst CBOEXX ^jsefi: „XoTiJiocB 6h mh^ 3HaTb, fliyMaext-Jin 
MaK'B-KjieJiJiaH'B hto jih6o npe;i;iipHHaTL. Ecjih U7bm% to a 6h cl 
y^ijOBOJiBCTBieM'B Baajix y Hero bi saftMH apMiio na Hefl;ijiH), hjih Ha 
]5fi^^. HnxepecB JiHHKOJiBHa ko BceMy, ^to KacajiocL Boflntr, < fiuji'L 
orpoMeHt, H OHX o6jia;i;ajii. TajiaHTOMi. nojifcaoBaxLca cnoco6HocTHMH 
juo^eS, HenoxoacHXi na Hero caMoro. Owh ycMaTpHBajit nojiLsy bi 
oaMHX'B pasjiHHHHX'b jiK)ji;ax'B; bx Croapja;*, HanpHM^pi, THnnqnoMTb 
nojiHTHKi, H B^ CeMHepi, yqenoMTb h MHCjiHTejii. 06a 6hjih 6ojiBniHMH 
ji;py3BaMH npesHjiieHTa. JIhhkojibh'b xaKace o^eHB jih)6hjii. CxaHTOHa, 
KOTopHS ^yTB He BO BCCM'B cociaBJiHJi'B cMy onno3Hn;iio. HpesHflieHT'B 
H0JiB30Bajica BC^&MH TpoHMH ]^LSi. 6jiara HaniiH. 

HxaK'B, XOTfl BHa^iaJlt O JIhHKOJIBH'6 jrCTaHOBHJIOCB MH^Hie, 

qxo owh cjiHfflKOMi Meji;jiHTejieH'B H MHorie He ji;oBipajiH e^y, xi^M^ 
ne Menie jih)6obb h yBaacenie Hai;iH k^ npe3H;i;eHxy pocJiH, a cb 
T^M'B BMicT'fe pocjia ero CHjia h BjiacxB. HaKOHeii;^, owh no^yBCXBo- 
Bajix, HTO Moacex'B npHHHMaxB caMocxoaxejiBHBiH p-femenia no xpe- 

fiOBaniaMl MHHyXH, npHXOffHXB K'B C06CTBeHHB[M'B 3aKJIK)qeHiaM'B H 

;i;iacxBOBaxB piniHxeJiBHO^ corjiacHO cbohmX) BsrjiaAaM'B. Hhkxo ne 
npHHHMaji'B K'B cep^y xarocxefi bohhbi 6ojiie JiHHKOJiBHa. HtKO- 
xopHe Hsx Hamnxx renepajiOB'B ji,iflcxBOBajiH xpkx., xo^so 9xo fiiijio 
pyxHHHoe ^ijio h neqero 6hjio o neM'B mhopo 3a6oxHTBca. He xa- 
KOBx Chjii JIHHKOJIBH'B. Ha HeMX 9xa yatacnaa 6opB6a xaroxijia 
oxpaniHBiM'B SpeMeneMi, Koxopoe pas^aEHJio 6bi ero, ecjiH 6bi ne xpn 
BemH. Oh*b rjiy6oKO BtpHU bx. cnpaBeji;jiHBOCXB Bora. Ohx* 6hji'b 
B'B rjiy6HHi ^yniH rjiyfioKO pejiHrio3HBrfi ^lejiOBi&K'B, xoxa 6e3X» Bca- 
KoS pe^HPioBHofl $opMajiHcxHKH HJIH xaHacecxBa. PaBHHM-B o6pa- 
SOMX*, owh rjiyfioKO BtpHJix B'B cBoSo^HBia y^peac^enia h ne HM-fejiTb 
^OMH^Hia B'B HX'B KOHeT[HOiix, xopacecTfit. HaKOHen.'B, oh'b o6jia;i;aji'B 
lOMopoM-B H 0X3BiBqHB0cxBK), KoxopHe ^acxo 6bijih ;i;jia Hero 6ojib- 
mofi noOTepacKofi B'B ro^HHy ffiecxo^aSmaro nec^acxBa. Kor^a oh'b 
5aaBHJix» CBoeMy MHHHcxepcxBy, qxo p^&ihhji'b BHnycxHXB npoKna- 
Maii,iK) o6'B ocBo6oacAeHiH nenojiBHHKOB'B, oh'b npH6aBHJi'B, ^ixo Bce 
acjiaji'B Haji;jieaKani,aro - fl;jia xoro BpeMenn h ^xo xenepB — ohXi B'B 
TOM'B yBipeni — BpeMa axo npHinjio: oh'b cJit;i;HJi'B 3a nacxpoenieMfB 
Hapo;^a h xenepB, ohx y6i&ac;i;eH'B, Bca Ha^ia roxoBacji.'fejiaxB 9xoxi 
raarx. 3axiMX oh'b npHfiannjiXi xaK'B xhxo, ^xo Bcero o^hh'b ^lejio- 
B^K'B cJiHHiaji'B ero cjiona: „KorAa JIh 6hji'b BHxicnen'B h31 Mapn- 
Jianja, a ^aji'B o6^Th Bory MoeMy, qxo ynnqxeacy pa6cxB0". 

Kopflia apsiia MaK'B-KjiejiJiaHa 6BiJia pa36Hxa na nojiyocxpoBt, 
JIhhkojibhi BHpasHJica o ce6i, hxo ne 6hjio Ha CB^xi bx. jkhbbix'b 
6ojiie HeyxiiHHaro ^ejiOBiKa, niMX. owh, 

^ejiOBiKOJiK)6ie JiHHKOJiBHa h ero cnoco6HOcxB co^yncxBOBaxB 
6hjih o^eHB BOJiHKH. Boxx. ^xo, Meacj^y npo^HMx», pascKasHBajix* mh* 
MHCxepX) Ji;ac9MCx. Chhji,!,, renepajiBHHfi axxopnefi. Pas'B, Korji;a oh'b 
^HJix» y npe3H;i,eH'?a cx» xiMX», qxofiu neperoBopnxB o KaKOMX>-xo 
j;4jit, Bx. KafiHHexXi Bontejii> ;i;eacypHBiS o$Hn,epx> h cKaaajix.: „Banie 


64 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

Bi>icoKonpeBOcxo;i;HTejiLCTBO, y Bxoflia CTOHTt 6*J^Haa aceHmHHa b'b 
cjiesaxt. Ona npnxo^i.HT'L yjKe sTopofi hjih xpeTifi paai. h Bce npo- 

CHTX, He MOaceTt-JIH BaCb BH;^'feTL". ^nyCTB BOftA©Tl»", OTBtTHJUl. 

JiHHKOJiBH'fc. HeHmHHa 6HJia Bnymena h cKaaajia: „rocno;^HH'B npe- 
BHji.eHT'b, Bt apMiH Tpn MOHxi cHHa. fl BjnoBa. y Mena ocTaBajica 
ji;0Ma ^eTBepxtifl, ho ohx noMept. He OTnycTHTe-JiH bh ko mh* 
o;a;Horo hsx mohxi ocTajitHHX'B CHHOBefi, »ito6h BecTH xosaflcTBO 
Ha $epMt H noMO^B mh* coAepacaTB ce6a?" — „Hy, ^TO-aci, — oxBt- 
xHJii JIhhkojibh'b, — y MeHH caMoro xpoe ;n;ixeS; bhxootxi, KaKi 
6y;iixo BaMi cjii^yexTb hm^xb xoxb ofl,Horo. A vji^k BafflB cuh^?" — 
„kx%, capx., OHi B'B apMiH no^B ^pHfliepHKcdgproMB". — „KaKB ero 
iiMH H Bx. KaKofi ^lacxH OHX>?" ysHaBB Bce gxo HyacHO 6hjio, npe- 
jiHj^eHXB npHcfeJiB KB cxojiy fl HanHcajiB npHKast o6b yBOJiBHeniH 
MOJiOAoro geJiOBtKa. Cxapyxa npH3Bajia Ha Hero 6jiarocjioBeHie 
6oacie, Bsajia 6yMary h noBepnyjiacB yxoji;HXB, Korjua JIhhkojtbhb 
ocxaHOBHJix, ee BonpocoMB: „Ky;i;a ace bh oxnpaBJiaexecB?" — „npaM0 
BB $pHjiiepHKc6gprB, capB, sa chhomx»". — „A KaKt ace bh na- 
ji.iexecB npo6paxBCH ^epeax* cxopoaceByio jthhIk) HHKexoBB, ^xoSh 
nadxH ero?" — „rocnofl;B noMoacexB. mh^; xojibko 6h Snjia y Mena 
Baraa 6yMara". — „3aqi^MB ace, — saMixHJiB JIehkojibhb,— yxpyac;n;axB 
rocnoji,a Bora 9xhmb ^^jiomb, Kor;i;a a caifB Mory ero bhhojihhxb". 

Cb 3XHMH CJIOBaMH OHB CHOBa HpHCi^JIB H HaHHCaJTB efl HpOflyCKB 

CB HaKaaoMB — OKaaaxB cxapyx-fe Heo6xofl;HMyH) noMoni;b. 

Oahhb AaceHXJii,M3HB, cjiyacHBHiifi bb Kani^ejiapiH Boennaro mh- 
HHCxpa Cxanxona, roBopnjiB MH-fe, ^ixo bb cjryiia'fe coBepmeHia cojt- 
jijSLTOWh npecxynjieHia, sa Koxopoe BoenHHfl cyfl;B nparoBapHBajiB 
ero KB CMepxH, npHroBopB HHKorjta He npHBOAHJica bb HcnoJiHeHie 
npeac^e, ^^mb jn^jionpoHSBO^iicxBO cyjiia ne 6hjio npocMoxpiHo h 

CxaHXOHOMB, H JIhHKOJIBHOMB. Bb XaKHXB CJiyqaaXB, HO^XH HeHBMiHHO, 

JIhhkojibhb 6hjib sa noMHJiOBaHie, a CxanxoHB aa HcnojiHeHie npn- 
roBopa. 0;iiHaac;tH CxanxoHB ^aace saMixHJiB: „rocno;^HHB npean- 
;i;eHXB, bh BOo6paacaexe, ^xo, MHJiya axoro ^ejOBiKa" (KOxoptiS 
ocjiymajica npHKasania, fl;e3epxHpoBajiB cb nojia cpaacenia, hjih co- 
BepmHJiB npecxynjieHie npoxHBB MHpnaro rpaacfliaHHHa) „bh co- 
Bepraaexe aKXB ^ejroB4KOJiK)6ia; ho 3xo ne TiejioBteojiio6ie, a ace- 
cxoKOcxB. IIoMHJioBaHie Kaac;i;aro no;i;o6Earo Hero;i;aa noBejn;exB kb 
CMepxH A-fejioH coxHH ^ecxHHXB cojr;n;axB". — ^MoacexB 6hxb, — oxsi- 
qajiB JIhhkojibhb, — ho xo, ^xo bh roBopnxe, ecxB xojibko eosMOOfc- 
Hocmb] xor;i;a KaKB^ ecirn a ;i;aMB 3xoro ^eJiOB-feKa paacxpijiaxB, xo 
CMepxB oji;Horo jinniHaro cojij^axa 6yjiiexB necoMH'fiHHHMB $aKXOMB". 

Pa3CKa3HBaK)XB, ^T0 Kovji^a, HaaHa^enie HOBaro rjiaBnaro xh- 
pypra apMin cxajro Heo6xo;i;HMocxBK), xo ynpocHjiH ^OKXopa B6jr- 
jiOBca oxnpaBHXBca bb BaiuHHrxoHB h nocxapaxBca o HasHa^eniH 
Ha 3X0XB HocxB ;i;oKxopa raMMOH;i;a. Bcjijiobcb oxnpaBHjica. Ob's 
aacxajiB JiHHKOJiBHa nojijnHCHBaiomHMB GyMarn. . 

„roBopHxe, — CKasajiB JIhhkojibhb, — a Mory cjiyniaxB BacB h b'b 


KAKt MBI BOPOJIHCB HPOTHBt PABCTBA. 65 

TO ace BpeMS nHcaTt**. BejuroBCB usmajub roBopHTL bi saniiHTy 
cBoero npefl;jio>KeHia ct CBoficTBeHHofi eny BHepriefl. JIhhkojibh'b 
npo^ojiHaji't noOTHCHBaxB 6yMarH. HaKOHei^t, B^juiobcl, BHCKa- 
SB.m> Bce, ^To HM^Ji'L cKaaaTB, ocTaHOBHJicH. „il yacacHO jiio6jiH) 
cjiymaTB sacx, fl;oKTop'B; ho, MHi KaaceTca, FaMMOHA'B yace Hasna- 
qent Ha ototx hoct'l no MeHBmefi Mipi Eej[ijLK) TOMy nasaj^'B". — 
„Bx caMOM^ ji;ijii?** cnpocHjnB BejuiOBCB. „]l% HaBipno; ho mh4 , 
TaKi xoTiaocB HocjiymaTB, kslk% bh 6yfleTe pobophtb!" 

OfliHaacjiiH yjiH^Haa TOJina * nacToaTejiBHO Tpe6oBaJia, iito6ki 

JIHHKOJIBH'B CKasaJI'B efi piHB H3^ OKHa OTeJIH, TJi^k OHX CTOffJlX. 

Ohi noasHjiCH b'b OKHi, a pa^OMi CB HHMi) ero ffiiena. JIhhkojibh'b 
fiMjEX o^eHB BHCOKifl Mys^iHHa, acena ace ero 6Lijia MajienBKaro 

pOCTa. ^JpySBH MOH, — 06paTHJICff JIHHKOJIBH'B K'B TOJini, — BOTl 5S, 
a BOT'B MHCCHC^ JIHHKOJIBH'B; TaKHM^ 06pa30M'B HOpe^^ BaMH BeCB 
CIOaceTIi H B'B ero ;^JIHHHOfi, H B'B KOpOTKOfl Bepcm". B'B 9T0M'B H 

cocTOffjia Bca pi^B *). 

JIhhkojibhi 6^1*6 cepBesHHfi, pasyMHHfl, ffo6pHfl hcjiob^k'b cb 
rpycTHHMH rjiaaaMH; ho stoS naKaoHHOCTBio K'B myTKi oh'b ho 
pa3i», 6htb MoaceT'B, 6biji'b odasan'B t^^m'b, ^to ocTajica acHTB. 

Jlyiiinifl nopTpoTTb ero, Kor;i;a-JiH6o c;i;ifejiaHHHfi, npHHajuJieacHT'B 
nepy JaceMca Peccejiff Jloyajui bi. ero „ Commemoration Ode": 

«Nature, they say, doth dote, 
And cannot make a man, 
Save on some worn — out plan, 
Kepeatingus byrote. 
For him her Old — World moulds aside she threw. 
And, choosing sweet clay from the breast 
Of the unexhausted west. 
With stuff untainted shaped a hero new 
Wise, zealous in the strength of God and true. 
How beatiful to see 
Once more, a shepherd of mankind, indeed, 
Who loved his charge but never loved to lead; 
•One whose meek flock the people joyed to be... 
They knew that outward grace was dust; 
They could not chooze, but trust 
In that sure-footed mind's unfaltering skill, 

And supple-tempered will. 
That bent, like perfect steel, to spring again and thrust. 
Great captains, with their guns and drums, 
Disturb our judgement for the hour; 
But at last silence comes; 
These all are gone, and standing like a tower. 


*) Ilo anrjiiiiCKH uiyivsi ni,ixo;i,HT'i> aiHoro jiy^me, Ta.K'b KaKi> no pyccKn ne- 
BOSMOHOio BHOJiH'fe nepe^aTB nrpH cjiobi), ynoxpeojieHHHX'B JlHHKOjn>HOM'L. Oh-b 
CKaaaJit: «My friends, here am I, and here is M-rs Lincoln. That is the long 
tmd the short of the whole matter». UoiiiepKHyTUii cjiona snanyrB «bi> 8Tomi> bch 
no^^HoroTHaii, bch cyrb npe^Mera^ h b-b to ace BpeMfl cjiOBa «long» n « short » 
ananaTB «;;ojiroBfl3Hfi» n «Majiaro pocTa». IIpuM. nep. 

}^ 4. Orflf^JL-h I. 5 


66 PyOCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

Our children shall behold his fame— 
The kindly, earnest, brave, forseOng man 

SagociouB, patient, dreading praise, not blame; 
New birth of our new soil — the first American* *}. 

B'b flHBapi 1862 r. $e;a;epajiBHBi£[ BoScKa bsajih npHciy DOM's 
^opTi renpH b'b TeHeccH. 3to 6hULi> oahh'e hs^b nepsux'B ycnt- 
XOB'E $eAepaJiHCTOBi& B'B Te^enie boShu. B% to ace BpeHa na^ajiH 
cb 6ojiBmHM'B ycnixoMi^ cboh a^BctbIa saHOHHpcKifl jioj^ich^ no- 
cxpoeHHUfl no saKasy ^pHMOflTa. IlepBOHa^ajiBHo npaBHxejiLCTBo 
OTBaaajiocB npHHSTB bth cyfl;a; yBiparorB, qxo Tpn jifisi ohh ctosjih 
Ha KapcKoS (Cairo) npHCTaHH, He npHHajpeJsa nuKOMyjTSiKb KaK'B 
CTpoHTeJiH c;i;ajiH Hxit npaBHTejiBCTBy, npasHTejiLCTBO ace oxKasajioct 

BX'b npHHHTB. 9tHXI> HaHI^UpHBIX'b KaHOHHpCRHX'b JIOJIjOKl 6hJI0 Jifi^- 

HaOTiaxB; noA'fc na^ajiLCTBOMt ^jrariiaHa $yTa (Foot) oui oinpaBH- 
jiHCL BBepxx no ptK* TeneccH gt> i^^jibk) npopsaTt jiHHiH) KOH$e- 
^epaTOBX. ^0CJI4;^Hie o6pa30Baj[H i^tjiyio jthhIk) hoctobx nonepeKi 
Bcei CTpaHH, ^toCh He ;i;onycTHTb coH)3Hyio apMiio npo6paTLc« ^e- 
pes'B EeHTyKKH. Codbhuh soficEa 6ujih noAi> na^ajiBCTBOM'b FpanTa, 
Tor^a KaK'B cyA&MH, EaKX cKasaHo, KOMan^OBaji'B ^yxi. ^Byxi qacoBi 
BpeMeHH EM'S OKaaaJLOCB AOCTaio^Ho, hto6h b3htb $oprB renpn, 
a BCJi'6;rB saT^sfB ohh axxaEOBajiH Copt's JI^OHajiBj^coH'B na piKt 
K6M6epji3HA*. rapHHBOHi, nofl;^ nanajiBCTBOM'B IlHJiJioy h $JIofi;^a 
J^ocTH^aJI'B ^HCJieHHOCTBK) 20,000 HejiOBiEt, m'h EOTopHXi 13,500 
c^ajiHCB TpaHTy. 9th no6i^;^H chjibho no;^HffjiH caMoyBtpenHOCTB ct- 
Bepa H AOEaaaJiH, ^to ntEOTopue, no EpaSnefi M^pi, hsi naniHX'k 
reHepaJiOBi CMOTpijiH na Bofiny cepBeano. 

OfliHOH) B3% npH^HHi yna;^Ra ji;yxa Ha cl&Bep'fe 6hjio y6'feacfl;eHie^ 
ctoepHHi — MoacerB 6htb h HecnpaBeAJiHBoe — ^to HHHe h31 EomaH- 

fllOBaBIHHX'B C0H)3H0fl apMlofi HB B^pHJIH B'B eH ycn^X'B H HO CO^yB- 

CTBOBajiH ftiJiy, sa EOTopoe cpaacajiHCB. Hapofl;'B ctBepa OT;i,aBaji*B sa 


*) Jlepeeo&b, «roBopflTB, npi[po;i;a 6pe;;HTTb, noBTopfleTi> nacB HaiiBycTb ■ ne 
Bi» cocTOflHifi cos^aTB HejioB'i^Ra HHaie, KaRi. no ^asHO HCTpenanHOMy njiany. 
Ho AJ^ ^^'^ ^^^ OT^pocHJia BC^ madjoHu cTaparo cB'i^Ta n, bshbI) HHcrytmyfo 
rjinny H3% rpyAn HencTOu^eHHaro sana^a, BhLzfkxmjLdk ii3i> neaanjiTHaHHaro MaTe- 
piajia Hosaro repoii: My^paro, peBHOcrnaro o rocnoA-fe n B'i^pHaro. Kasi* npe- 
KpacHO — BHA'i^Tb BHOBb HCTHBHaro nacTJbipH ^ejiOBi^^ecRaro, no^naro jih)6bh k'b 
CBoefi nacTB'fe, HO paBHo;^ymHa^o kt» nepsencTBy n BJiacTU, — nacxupfl, CMHpeHHoft 
nacTBOfi ROToparo napoA'B 'nsx.'h jih)6hjii» 6iiTb... Hapo^'B sHajii*, hto BH-i^nraee 
u3fliAecTB0 — npax'B d aj^s nero ne 6iiiJio. Budopa: oh'b AOJ[>KeHi> 6u3n> s'i^piiTb 
wb HesHaiomee nep'i^inaMOCTH acKyccTBO axoro TBepAO>CTynaioiuaro yiia h aToii 
Hy^HO-aaRajieHHofi bojih, ROTopaa crn6ajiacb, RaR'B jiynmaH CTaja>, ji^slh Toro 
tojit.ro, <ito6u cHOBa BunpflHHTbCfl n pasHTb. Ha speMfl BOioiRie dojikoboaau c^ 
BX'B nyniKaHB n 6apa6aHaHH napymaiDTB Te^enie namefi on.'i^HHBaiontefi mucjdi. 
Ho B'B KOHn.'fe ROHi^OB-B HacTynaeTB THmHsa. H boitb — mcB h^^tb; ero »e cjasa, 
ROTopyto yBH^flTB u A'i^TQ HanjH, — cjiaBa aroro ;^o6paro, cepBesearo, MyHcecTBen- 
naro, npoaopjinBaro, s^paBOMHCJiflmaro, Tepn-fejiHBaro neJiOB-feKa, 6oflBniarocH 
noxBajibi, HO He nopuaaniH, — blichtch, KaRB 6amHA! Ohb— HOBoe nopoHt/^enie 
Haniefi hoboK ssmjih,— nepBtifi cpe^H aMepHRani^eBB!* 


I 

J 


KAKl MU BOPOJIHCt nPOTHB'b PABCTBA. 67 

.%ijio e;pHeHifl h gbo6o;^u MHOffiecxBO acHSHeS h ;ii;eHerB, h Tanejio 
•6HJI0 eny fl;yMaTB, ^to HiKOTopHe Hst ero npejijBOfliHTejiefi CMOxpart 
^^a Bofiny ne ceptesHO. 

Ho cnpaBe^JiHBH jih 6hjih 3th nofljoapi^Hia OTHOCHTejiBHO apMia, 
^jiH Hixt— Bi pHn;apcKOMi ?i;yxi, npefl;aHHOCTH h xpa6pocTH ^jioma 
He coHH'bBajicfl hheto. Gi RaEHM'B snaHieMi A^jia h cnoKofiHHsrB 
:HCKyccTBOM'B npomeji'b goioshhS ^jioti hoa'b napaiiH mhmo $opTOBi» 
y rixTOHi Ta^a, sacTaBHB'B nenpiaTejiLCKiH 6aTapeH saMOJiHaTB, h 
'OBjia;i;^ji'B MopcKEMH ocTpoBaMH JJ^xopA^iH H lOjsHofi KapoJiHHu! Ka- 
Kin oni;ymeHia sacTaBHJirB Bcixx nepeacHTb OTqexx o npoxo^i;* $ap- 
par^xa MesMiy EOH$e;i;epaxGKHMH ^opxaMH Ha MHCCHCCHnH, pesyjiBxa- 
Towh Koxoparo hbhjiocb Bsaxie HoBaro OpJieana, — o ero a^PSkomi 
BxoAi Bx Mo6afij[BCKyH) raBaHB, ne CMOxpn na bc* nenpiaxejiBCKia 
yKpinjieniH, Kopa6jiH h xopne;i;H! 

HoBHft OpjieaHx 6ujn> samHmeH'B cji^;i;yioiii;HMi» o6pa30M'L. Ilo 
"o6i cxopoHH piKH 6hjio no $opxy; nonepeKi piKH cflijiaHO 6hjio 
^arpazE^eme, yKpinjiennoe flEop^MH h ii;inHMH; 3a axHM'E sarpas^e- 
HieMi» naxo^HJiacB bi. toxobhocxh ujkjiSLSi napoxofl;HaH ^JioxEJik, ji;a 
naxB Kopa6jiefi. Bc4 6hjih y6iacfl;eHH, ^xo npn xasoS samnxi ro- 
poflii 6ujub HenpHcxyneni,. Hanaflienie na $opxH 6ujio na^axo $j[o- 
THjdefi nopxepa, cocxoflBmefi hsi 21 mxynH, h31 EOxopHxi na 
Kaac;nofi 6HJia Mopxnpa, cxpiJiKBinaa rpaHaxaMH bi 200 ^ynxoBi. 
TaEHMi o6pa30M^ afl;MHpajit Hopxepi doMfiapAHpoBajEt $opxH ^k- 
jEHnt H ^mdKCOB'h B% xe^eHie mecxn ;nHefi. 3axtMi ^appar^xi, Bt 
HO^L na 23 anpijia 1862, npocEO^Hji'B Meac^y yEptaJieHiaMH co 
•cBoeH) $jioxHJiieH b^ BoceMLHaOTaTt cyj^OBX h cjioMajit 3arpaac;^e- 
Hie. MHHOBaBt $opxH, OH'b HaxEHyjica na EOH^e^epaxcEia cy;na. 
lUecxHamaxL hsx hexx axxasoBajio Kaiozy\ ho xoxa ona nojiy^HJia 
•copoE'L fliBa Hfl;pa, Bce-ace ona Bsajia xpH HenpiaxejiBCEHXi cy^Ha. 
Bapeua sarnajia xpH cy^H^ Ha fiepers, noxonnjia ^exBepxoe h xor;^a, 
-ctBi* Ha MejiB caMa, noxonyjia. He 6ojiie, EaEi Bt nojixopa ^aca 
He xojifcEO ^apparex'b MKHOBajn nenpiaxejiBCEie $opxH, ho qacxtio 
Bsaji'b Bi HJiiH'B, a ^acxBH) noxonHJii. EOH^e^epaxcEyio $jroxHjiiK). 
Hocjii 3Xoro HobhA Opjieamb cfl;ajica renepajiy Bexjiepy h coK)3Hofi 
^pifiH. 

Ceojibeo ^ynieBHHX'B BOJiHenifi B036yac^ajio onncaHie 6oh Map- 
pHMaEa CB MoHHXopoMt! CoH)3HBifl BoeHHS EopafijiB MappHMaET*. sa- 
XBa^eHHMfl EOH$efl;epaxaMH b^ Hop$OEt (Norfolk), SBiJit hmh o6pa- 
meni BX 6oJiBnioe nani^HpHoe cy^HO. Bx xt speMeHa cHJia naH- 
ii;BipHHXi EopadJieft 6HJ[a eme Majio H3BifecxHa. MappHjiaK^ 6um> 
nepBOH) napoBOK) njiaBy^eio 6axapeeK), h OH'b noKaaaji'B, ^xo b-b Mop- 

'CEHX'B BOeHHHX'B fliifiCXBiaX^ nOHBHJICa HOBHfl BJieMeHXl. H^KOTopoe 
BpeMH HOCHJICa XOJIBEO CJiyXX XOMX, HXO OH'B roxoBHxca. BocBMoro 

Mapxa 1862 r. oh^ hohbhjich na pi^K^ JI,acaMct. MappHMaK'B njiMJit 
BHH3^ h EaaajiCH nepHHM'B acejiisHLiMi. EOBqeroM'B. no;i;oH;iia kb 
-coioshhm'b cy^aMX, cxohbiuhmb b'b pajTHB* y ycxBa, MappHMaK'B Ha- 


5* 


68 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

jierkjuh Ha coK)3HHfl ^peraTt KeM6epji9H;i;i., Bpiaajica bi nero cbo 
HM'B cxpamEHMi HOGOMi H^ ojs^REWh y^apoM'B OTOj3[,pa6'B n^wiufi 6os% 
npoTHBHHKa^ nocjiaji'b ero ko js^ej go bcI^mi dRER&saewb h c% pa3- 
BHBaBinHMCfl ^JiaroMX. 

SaiiMTt MappHMaKX yHH^TOaCHJITt Bt H^CKOJILKO MHHyTi C0E)3- 

HHfi $peraTt KonrpeccTt, xoth nocjii^AHiH rpoMHjnt ero sajinaMH hb'r 
CBOHXX TSiKejLuxT> 6aTTapeS: CHapa^H oTCKaKHBajiH otl naHi^upn 
MappHMaKa, cjiobho rpaj^x otb ;i;oMOBofi KpHniH. noKOH^HBt tslkk 
jierKO c% fl;ByMH Jiy^inHMH BoeHHHMH Kopa6jiaMH Coe^pHeHHHX'E 
IHTaTOBi, 6poHeHOcei^t KOH$e;n;epaTaBx nanaji'L na ipeTifl. CaMoe 

CHJILHOe H3t C0K)3HHXX BOeHHBIX'B CyffOB'L, MHHHe30Ta, CTOHJIO Ha 

KKopi, HjiH Ha MeJiH, Korfl;a MappHMaK'B ero aTTaKOBaji'L. Cx o6iHX'R 
CTopoHi 6hjio fl;aHO no o;i;HOMy, hjih no fl;Ba 3ajina; ho TyrB EOMan- 
^Hpx 6poHeHoci^a, 6ohcl Bt cbok) o'lepe^iiL noca;i;HTi> ero na mcjib, 
noBepnyjit Ha3a;i;Tb h BOSBpaTHJica b-b Hop^oKt. 

rt-fejiyK) HO^L Tejierpa$t pasHocnjit no coio3ho3 TeppnxopiH 
yacacnyK) b^ctl. He 6hjio HHKaEoro coMHiHiflr, ^to na cjii;n;yK)ni;ee 
yipo HeyH3BHMHfl KOH$e;i;epaTCEifl naniiHpHHK'L BosBpaxHTCH bi 3a- 
jiHBTb H noKOH^HT'B c% MHHHe30Tofl. ^TO Tor;i;a? IIo^eMy 6u OMy He 

B3HTL ^OpT^B MOHpO? IIO^eMy 6h SaT^M^ He BOHTH BX JII06yK) USTx 

coK)3HHxt raBaneft h He bshtb Hbio-Iopk'b, hjih Boctohi? Kyjija hr 
npoHHKajia cxpaniHaH hoboctb, ona BH3BiBajia caMLiH OT^aaHHBia: 
onaceniH. Meacjiiy Tiwh, b-b axo BpeMH yace roTOBa 6HJia HOBaa cHJia,, 
KOTopaa ;i;ojimHa 6HJia nojioffiHTB Koneiiit CTpaniHofi KappBepi Map- 
pHMaKa. 

MHCTepi BpHKCOHTb, 3HaMeHHTBiS MexaHHETb H H3o6piTaTejiB, no- 
Hnjix, CTb nposopjiHBOCTBK) reHJiT, Ty nepOMiHy, KaKaa fl;oji3KHa npoH- 
30fiTH BT> MeTOfliaxi Be^ijenk MopcEofi boAhh g% BBefl;eHieMTt nan- 
njHpHHXi cy;n;oBx. Ha co6cTBeHHHfi c^eTi, jthhib cb He6ojiBniHM'B 
noco6ieM'B otb coK)3Haro npaeHTejiBCTBa, ohx noeipoHjii He6ojiBnioe 
cy^HO, CB e^Ba 3aM^TH0io Haji;Boji;HOK) ^lacTBio, 3ani;Hni;eHHoe Taace- 
jioK) 6poHeg H BOopyaceHHoe BpaD^aiomeiocH 6aniHe3 cb e;i;HHCTBeH- 
Hofi nyniEofl: 6oJiBnioro EajiH6pa. 9to cyji;H0, EOTopoMt Majio eto 
'iTO snaji'B, 6kijio tojibko ^to OEOH^eno h npHBeAeHo na SyEcnpi 
E'B $opTy MoHpo. Pa3'B HJIH ji;Ba no nyTH oho qyTB-^yiB ne no- 
rH6jio, ho Bce ace nocn-Sjio na M-fecTo bo BpeMH. Korfl;a na cjiifl;yH)- 
mee yipo MappHMaKt bhobb cnycTHJiCH no pi^E'fe, ^to6h ajokoh^htr 
,!i,ijio paspymeHia ooi03Haro $jiOTa, MajieHBEifl 9phecohob^ 6poHeHo- 
ceni^ 3aropoji;HJit eny Aopory h cTajit nocHjiaiB o^ho 8a ;i;pyrHM['B, 
CBOH TflHejiBiH fl;i;pa btb Eaac^BiH h3'b otephtbtxts nyme^HHX'B nop- 

T0B1> npOTHBHHEa. „M0HHT0pt" 0Ea3aJICJI CJIHIHEOMt yBepTJIHBHM'B, 

qTo6H nocTpaji,aTB ot'b MaccHBHaro MsppHMasa, EOToparo oh-b b^. 
KOHE^^ EOHHiOBTb H 3arHaji^ Hasafl.'B B'B Hop$OEt, OTKyflia EOH$e;iie- 
paTCKifi fipoHenoceu;!. HHEor;i;a 6ojiie ne HMxepLJit. 

droTb noe^HHOK'L npoHSBeji'B nojiHBifl nepeBopoT'B b% xapaKTep-H 
AiopcKHXT) BoeHHHX^ ?i,McTBifl Bcero Mipa. Jl,epeBHHHHe Eopa6jiH. 


i 


/ 

KAK'B MU BOPOJIHCb nPOTHBX PABCTBA. 69 

CTajiH 6e3nojie3HH h Anrjiiff, $paHii;ia h hbha: ^^epasaBH npHHSJiHCB 
3a nocTpoflKy naHnHpHHXx cyjiiOBi. 

IlepBaro HHBapa 1863 ro^a noaBHJiacB npoKJiaMan;ia npe3Hfl;eHTa 
JiHHKOJiBHa, o6xaBJiflBinaa nesojibHHKOB'B bo Bcixt BOSCTasfflHX'B 
fflxaTaxTb CBo6o;n;HLiMH. 3to 6hjii toti HMeHHO aKTt, KOToparo c6- 
Bepane cipacTHO acejiajiH h KOToparo ci Ha;i;eacji;ofi 0SHji;ajiH, ho 
^aJieKO He 6hjih yBtpeHH, ^to ^os?i;yTca ero KorAa-jiH6o. Bi ;n;aBHO 
nponie;^niia BpeMena, Kor;n;a Jl^acomb Kbhhch A;ii;aMci CToajit 3a 
BMaHCHnai^iK) oji;hh^ npoTHBX Bcero Konrpecca h Kor;iia eMy bi jihi^o 
KpH^ajiH, ^TO hh npH KaKHX'B o6cToaTejiLCTBax'B npaBHTOJibCTBO Coe- 
fl;HHeHHHXt IIlTaTOB'B He HMieTi npasa yHH^ToacHTB pa6cTB0, owh 
oTBi^QJL'h: „il He Mory ct aTHM^ corjiacHTbCH. Oy^ecTByTOTt o6cTOff- 
TejTLCTBa, npH kotophxtb Hanie npaBHTejiBCTBO MoareTi yHHiToatHTB 

HeBOJIBKH^eCTBO. ECJTH Bh BT> CoejIjHHeHHHXt niTaiaXTt HOJUHHTO 

^HJio BoscTanie hjih eyHxt, to no saKonaMt boAhh npesH^^enrt, 
HjiH ;n;aace jno6oi KOMaH;iiyioni;i3 reHepajri, 6uji% 6u bi npaBi otm*- 

HHTL HOBOJIBHH^eCTBO". A60JIHI^i0HHCTH, OTt KOTOpHXTb HO yCKOJIL- 

Bajio HH^TO, KacaBmeeca saHHMaBmaro nxt npejatMeTa, nane^aTajiH 
Bt TO BpeMH Opomiopy, bx KOTopofi 3TH 3aaBJieHiiT ][k. Kb. AnaMca 
t) KOHCTHTyr^ioHHOMi npaBi yHH^ToaceHin padcTBa bo hma boShh 

6UJIR AHTHpOBaHH. 

Okojio BpeMeHH npe3Hji;eHTCK0fi npoKJiaMaD;iH boshhk^ TaKace 
DJiaHx — rjiaBHHM'B o6pa30Mrb 6jiarofl;apa ycHjiijiM'L Macca^y3eTTCKaro 

rygepHSTOpa Ah«P1D - C#OpMHpOBaTI. hScKOJIBKO ^BiTHOKOSHXt 
nOJIKOBt. 

JacoHt Oji6ioHi AH;a;pK) (John Albion Andrew) 6ujvb no cnpa- 
•BejUJiHBOCTH npo3BaHt BejTHKHM'L eoeuHUM^ ry6epHaTopoM'B. Kx neMy 
MoacHO TaKsce npHsiinHTB cjiOBa, Hi&Kor;a;a CKa3aHHHH IlHTTi. KaK'B 
IIhtti, OHt 6u3Li> ^Jioi^MaHOMt, yMiBniHMt npaBHTB Bt 6ypK)". By 
;i;y^H lopHCTOM-L Bt BocToni h ycH;a;qHBBiMt pafioTHHKOMx b-l cBoefl 

npO$eCCiH, OHI MajIO EOMy 6ujn> H3B4CTeH'B CO CTOpOHBI CBOHXt 

orpoMHLixt aj^MHHHCTpaTHBHHxt H nojiHTB^ecKHxi cnoco6HocTefl, noKa 
ero He BH6pajrH Bt ry6epHaTopH Maccaqy3eTTca bx 1861 ro;n;y' 
Owh 6ujuh npoTHBHHKOM'B pa6cTBa CL pannefl khocth h HHKorfl,a 
He nB^iBSiJUb 3T0My npHHiiiHny. Ohtb Bcerfl;a OTKpuTo roBopHJit h 
^i&jiajix TO, ^TO cqHTajit cnpaBeji;jiHBHMTb, h b^ btom^ OTHomeninHe 
BHajit cTpaxa. B% to ace BpeMH ohi 6^1^ pa3cy;ii;HTejieHt, fl;o6pTb h 
nojiOHt TepnHMOCTH K'b necorjiacHHMt ct. hrmtb MH^niaM^, xoth 
ofijia^ajii TaKOH) cHJiofi Hero;i;oBaHiH, KOTopaa, pasi 6yji;yqH B036y}K- 
^ena, cueTaJia nepeji;^ co6ok) Bce. Ohtb 6hjix oahhmx h31 nanjiy^nie 
ypaBHOB^nieHHHX'b JiK)ja;e3, KaKHXTb h Kor^a jih6o 3Hajit. Ero npo- 
HHn;aTejiBHOCTL rpann^HJia ct npoBH;i;iHieM^. Ero bhbocjihboctb bi 
Tpy^-fe 6HJia Heo6HKHOBeHHa; na cjryjK6i, b-l npHcyTCTBennHxt 
M'J^cTaxTb, Kor^a, 6HBajio, Bci ero nHcn;H h noMoni,HHKH BBifiLioTca 
Hsi CHJi-B, OHTb OTCHJiajTi Hxt HO T^OMaMi, a caMT* Hpo^ijOJiacajix pa- 
6oTaTB AO no3;n;Hefi ho^h. Bjiinnie ero bi BamnHrToni^ 6hjio BejiHKO 


/ 


70 pyCCBOB BOrATCTBO. 

H OWL ero ynoTpe6j[aji'B iiiJEHKOMt na to, ^to6w no6yacfl,aTb npa- 

BHTeJTLCTBO BC^MH M^paMH nOJIOaCHTB EOHeil.1 BOSCTaHUO. Oh^ 6uJI!E 

Bi HeycTaHHHXi CHoraeniaxt ct JIhekojebhomi, CTanTOHOMi, Croap- ' 
XOMi, HdBoifB, ryCepnaTopaMH c^BepHux'B mxaTOBi h ot> c^HaiopaMB 
H iipeincTaBHTejiaMH OTt Macca^yaeTTca, EepBaro HHBap^ 1861 r., 
Bi caMHfl fl;eHB CBoero BciynJieHiflr b^ ffOJiacHOCTB, t. e. sa Tpn Txi- 
tanfii ;q;o Hana;a;eHi£[ Ha ^opxi CeMxep'L, oh:b pasocjiai^ nHCBiia ry« 
tfepHaTopaii'B bc^xT) inTaTOBi* HoBofi Ahfjuh, yBtpjia hx^, "^to Bofisa 
Ha Hocy, H ^TO OHH cfl;6jiaH)T'B Bcero Jiy^me, ecjiH CTanyxi Ki Heft 
cefi^acB-Ke roxoBHTLca. CaMi oh'b npsBejii Macca^yaexxci bi co- 
exoHHie xaKOfi toxobhocxh, ^to^ EaK'b xojlbko JXehbojilhi H8;i;aj[i», 15^ 
anptjiH, CBOH) npoEJiaifan^iiD o na^^ajii BoeHHBixi ;^McxBifi, Ahapb> 
0Tj3[,aj['L npHRas'E ^exnpeMx ijiojiKaM'B BucxynnxB b'b BamnHrxoni b 
Ha cjii;i;yK)n^ifi ;i;eHB, 16 anpijia, ohe jsae co6pajiHCB Ha o6n^e-^ 
exBeHHOMt BHToni B'B Eogtoh^, npH ^ewh Bct poxH 6ujm b% nojr- 
HOMt cocxaBi. niecxofi hojikx BHCxynnjii bi BamHHrxoH'B b% xoxXk 
me Be^epx, npomejn repeal. BajixHMop'B, vjs^t h^ckojibko ^ejiOBtEii. 
H8i ero pHjuOBTt 6hjih y6HXH yjiH^Hofi xojinoS; axo fiHjrt nepBHft 
nojESi jifiCTEvmii BamEHrxona He no ^acxnifB. Bi xe^ienie boShu 
ryeepnaxopt AnflipH) ne snajii ycxajiocxH h ne paai xpaxHjnt cbob 
eodcxBeHHHH jifiEhTE Ha o6m;ecxBeHHHH nysBAH, Eor;a;a axo osasu-- 
BajiocB Heo6xo;i^MUMi». Oh^ yMepi, ocxaBHBi CBoeft cenBi bi na- 
cjifi^cxBO fl;o6poe hmh h djiaropoj^Hyio naMaxB. EfljBa oEOH^HJiacK 
Bofina, EaEx OH'B cxajii nacxanBaxB na yMEpoxBopemn n B03coe;n;H- 
HBHiH. „nocji^ aneprH^naro Be;i;eHiji boShh, — cEaaajiB oh'b bb CBoeft 
nponi;aj[BHOfi pi^H, — docbhxhm!b ceCn cxojib ace aneprH^HOiity Boscxa- 
noBjiemio nnpa^. 

HeH3MtHHHH ji^i^jvL n;BiiHOEoacHXB, rydopHaxopB AH;^pH) He- 
ycxaHHO y6iayi,ajiB npannxejiBCXBO saBecxH niBixHOEoacia: BoficBa. 
HaEOHeniB, eny hosbojihjih na^axB hxb Ha6opB, h ohb hxb oxocjiajri. 
BB fl,ificxByK)^^yH) apMiio, saEB 'lacxB chjib, EOXopHa fl;ojraceH'B 6ujuh. 
nocxaBHXB Macca^ysexcB. 

Jonymenie itBixHOEoacHX'B bb naniy apMix) 6hjio ^eBBH^aflna 
nojiesHOio M^pofi. Mipa axa 6Hj[a npHHiixa nocjii 6oj[BniHXB EOJie- 
6aHifi, Meac;H;y x^mb oEaaajiocB, ^xp ii;B4xHOEoacie ffpajiHCB npeBO- 
cxofl,HO. Xpa6pocxB hxb HMijia, noacajiyfi, en^e 6oJiie ox'iaaHHHfl xa- 
paExep-B, ^tMB xpa6pocxB 6ijiHXB boSceb, noxoMy ^xo Hepfifl;EO ohb 
epasKajLHCB, xaEB cEasaxB, cb BepeBEoft na mei. Ohh anajiH, ^xo pa-^ 
6oBJia;D[;ijiBii;H ne no^a^jaxB hxb, ecjin saxBaxaxB bb hj^hb *). JXpn 
BceMB xoMB sajLOBanie bb i;b£xhoeoxhx'b soficEaxB gujiOBcero jifi- 
caxB ;n;oJijrapoBB bb m^cjii^b, h3b EOxopHXB xpn e^^e npHxo;i;HJiocK 


*) He cjit^^yei-B saouBaTh, hto b-b CoeAUHeHHiax'B ITlTaTaxib b-b to spewH, 
KaKi) H TenepB, He cyn^ecTBOBajno npHHy^HTejiBHofi BoeHHofi cjLym.6hi. TaE'B HTa 
Herpu, nocTynafl B'B apMiio, mjin Ha ototb CTpamnuiH pncK'B boojih^ ;ii;o6po-v 
BOAHO. Ilepee* 


i 


\- 


KAKI* MBI BOPOJIHCt DPOTHBt PABCTBA. / 71 

oT^aTJb 3a 3KHnHpoBKy, TaKt ^TO coji;i;aTy o^HmajiocB Bcero ceMB 
i.ojiJtapoB'B; Mes;i;y t^^mb bb 6^hxb BoficEaxB njiaxEJEOCB paj^OBOMy 
xpHHa^i^aTB fliOJijrapOBB npn fl;apoBofi o6MyH;i;HpoBKt. 9Ta HeciipaBe;n;- 
jiHBOGTB npHBOjUjEJia pyfiepHaTopa Ah;q)K) bb 6oj[Bjinoe HepoAOBaHie. 
Pa3% saEB-TO OHB noKasajiB mh^^ uhcbmo, HanHcaHHoe hmb bb ce- 
HaTopaMB OTB Macca^yseTTca, bb KOTopoMB ohb no6yayi;ajrB hxb 
npe;i;cTaBHTB Konrpeccy h npe3H;H;eHTy o aBHoft necnpaBefliJiHBOCTH 
Topo ^aRxa, ^To ii;BiTHOKoada BoficKa He nocxaBjieHH na o;a;HHaEo- 
ByK) Hopy CB 6tjiHMH. „fl He ycnoRoiocB**, xaEB saEJiio^ajrB ohb, 
^noEa BTofi HecnpaBefliJiHBOCTH He dy^exB nojiOKeHB EOHe^B. H h 
BaMB He ;^aMB ycnoEOHXBCH, noEa eft ne 6yJ^exB nojioaceHB EoneniB. 
EcjiH ae mh6 cyacffeno ynepexB, h Moft pojiocb 6yfl^TB ^xo nndy^B 
sHa^HXB BB flipypoMB Mipt, H H xaMB He ocxaBjiiD 3xoro fl;4jia, ho 
6y;i;y xjronoxaxB o6b homb npefl;B npecxojroMB Biqnoft cnpaBe;n;jiH- 
bocxh". fl cEaaajiB MHCxepy An^npio, ^xo t^y bb BamHHPxoHB, ^xo 

S POXOBB CBeSXH 3X0 HHCBMO PP. C^MHepy H BHJBCOHy, H ^XO fl HO- 

cxapaiocB noBHfl,axB penepajiB-axxopHeff. Bb cjii^^yionxee BOCEpeceHBO 
s ;a;oji2EE;eHB 6ujib pobophxb nponoBi&;i;B bb najiaxi npe;a;cxafiHxejiefi. 
SI BOcnojiBSOBajiG^ sxhmb cjiy^aeMB, qxo6H onncaxB bb Moeft npo- 
soBijiiH xapaExepB h noBe;n;eHie i^b^xhoeoshxb boSceb. H pa3CEa- 
8ajiB, EaEB 3aEOHOAaxeJiBHoe cofipanie Macca^ysexxca nocxanoBHJio 
nocjiaxB BB lOacHyio KapoJinny fljeHBPH 3xhmb BoftcsaMB bb xaEOMB 
KOJMHecxBi, qxo6H y;n;oBjiexBopHXB hxb 3a Bce BpoMa cjiyasfiH bb 
nojiHOMB pasMtpt (x. e. no 13 jHtojwapoBB). Jl^tjo bb xomb, tto 
BoficRa 3XH ynopHo oxEasHBajiHCB npHHflXB Hjiaxy no fliecaxH ;n;oJi- 
japoBB H HtEOxopoe BpcMH cjiy3KHJiH 6e3B jKajiOBaHk. ApenxH Mac- 
ca^ysexxca, npHBesmie fl;eHBPH, ofiBarcHHJiH cojifl;axaMB, qxo hxb 
fflxaxB (Macca^y3excB), cqHxaa HecnpaBe;H;jiHBHMB, ^xo6h ohh no- 
:sy^ajiH acajrosaHBe bb yMeHBmeHHOMB (cpaBHHxejiBHO cb 6ij[HMH 
BoftcEaMH) pasM^p^, npnejiajiB hmb 3xh ^eHBPH, EaEB cjii;a;yH)naji 
HUB no npaBy. Ohh npndaBHJiH, hxo py6epHaxopB Anj^pio o^eHBace- 
jiaexB, W£o6u ^epHHH BoficRa npHHHJH npHCjiaHHoe. Cojr;i;axH, no- 
coBtxoBaBamHCB Meayiy co6oh), BH6pajiH h3b CBoefi cpefl;H npe;i;cxa- 
BHxejiH, EoxopHft fljOJUKeHB 6hjib oxBtxHXB Ha pt^B apeHxoBB. Ohb 
saHBHJiB, Hxo cojifl;axH BHOJiHt i^tnaxB pinreme Hixaxa Macca^y3exc'B 
H HCEpeHHO 6jiapo;iiapHU sa nepo; ohh 6jrapo;i;apAXB xaEace py6ep- 
Haxopa AHfl,pio h T^KenxejiBMSHOBB, Eoxopne noxpyfl;HJiHCB npiixaxB 

KB HHMB, HX06h npHBe3XH flieHBPH; HO HXO OHH (iJ^tXHOEOacie COJ[- 

;^axH) He c^HxaioxB ce6a BoScEaMH Macca^y3exca. Ohh xenepB — 
cojqi;axH CoefljEHenHEiXB IIIxaxoBB h noxoMy ne MoryxB npHHHXB 
npejiiJiapaeMHXB hmb fl;eHePB, — ne MOPyxB bshxb jijAJBte xix'E fljecaxH 
^^ojiJiapoBB, EOxopHe npe;i;jiaraexB hmb npasHxejiBcxBO, xoxa isx^ 
ceMBH CHJiBHO cxpa^naioxB oxB axopo; ohh ne npHMyxB flienePB fl;o 
li^xB nopB, noEa ne nojiy^axB xo, ^xo cjii;n;yexB hmb nojiy^HXB no 
•npaBe^jiHBOCXH; j^o xtxB ace nopB ohh 6yfl;yxB HcnoJinaxB cboh 
bohhceIh o6H3aHHOcxH ■ xaE^e xo^ho, EaEB ecjiH 6h ohh nojry^ajiH 


\ 


72 PyOOKOB BOrATCTBO. 

acajioBaHLe. PaacKasaB'L see 9to,. « o6paTHJica k'b Haxo;^HBinHMca ne- 
peji;o MHOK) ^JienaMx Konrpecca g% cjitfliyiomHMH cjiOBaMH: „By^L no- 
fl;o6flHfl nocTynoKi coBepmeH'B rpeKaMH hjih pirajiHHaMH, paacKas'L 
odt HeMt 6ujub 6u. noM^meHt bo Bcixt y»ie6HHKax'L h HamHX'B 
;^iTefi Hay^HJiH 6u paacMaTpHBaxB Bce npoHcmecTBie, KaK^ npn- 
Mipt repoH3Ma. Ho xaKt KaK'B 3to 6hjio c;n;iJiaHO uiBtTHOKoacHMH, 
TO MH He o6pani;aeM'b BHHMania. Ho nepe^ix jiHniOM'B ^ejoBt^ecTBa 
H HCTopiH a 6h cKopie corjiacHJica 6htb oa.hhm'b nat STHXt i^b^t- 

HOKOSHXl COJIJUaT^, HCnOJIHaiOmiHMX MyaceCTBCHHO CBOH 06fl3anH0CTH 

H OTKaaHBaiomHMCil OTt fl;eHer'B, noKa He dy^^eTi euy OKaaana cnpa- 
Befl;jiHBOCTB, ^i^Mt qjieHOM-L KOHrpecca, noJiyqaiomHM'L aKKypaxHO 
cBoe acajiOBaHte, cH^aniiHM'b b% noKOHHOMt Kpecjii, ho ho HMtro- 
H^HMi inocTaTO^HO xpa6pocTH, qTo6H npoBecTH saKOHt o6t ynjiaxi 
aiHMx cojifl;aTaMt cjiija;yK)n;aro hmi no npaBy". 

H HOJiarajit, ^to qjienH Konrpecca 6YJsjTb nefljOBOJiBHH mohmh 
cjiOBaMH. Bm^cto Toro nocjiHraajiHCB cHJiBHHa o;!;o6peHia. 

Hocjit HeojiiHOKpaTHHx^ nopaaceHifl HoTOMaKCKofl apnin uoj^'h 
rjiaBHHMt Ha^ajEBCTBOMi MaKX-JIeBJiaHa, Hona, B6pHca8fl;a h FyKepa, 
OHa, HaKOHOA^, oji;epacajia no5i^ji;y y FeTTHcfiepra, 1 iiojia 1863 ro;i;a, 
noAX KOMaHji;ot renepajia Mn^a; a 4 iiojia BnEcfiepn* c^ajica re- 
Hepajiy FpaHTy. Bthmi Bce Te^enie Mhcchchhh ;i;o cauaro HoBaro 
OpjEeana ciajio ompHTHMt. 

niecToro Maa 1864 ro;a;a renepaji^ niepMaH-B Ha^ajii CBofi „no- 
xojii'B K'B Mopio". nocpe^cTBOMTi ni^Jiaro pa;i;a HCKycHHX'B ManeB- 
poB-L 0B% o6omejn> apsiiio JacoHcoHa (Johnson), KOTopHH, no pac- 
nopaKemio Jl|se$$epcoHa JaBHca, ^oJiaceHii 6ujvh ociaBHTB KOMan- 
^OBanie. Bo rjiaBi apnin, onepnpoBaBniefi npoTHBi niepMana, 
nocTaBJieH'B 6hji'b ry;i;x, c^HTaBmifica 6oji^e 6oeBbiM'B renepajiOM'L. 
Ho H OB'S oKasajica ne btb cocToaniH ocTanoBHTB niepaiaHa, koto- 
pHfl nocjiajit Ha3a;i;i renepajia ToMaca (Thomas) CTb t^mh BoficKaMH, 
B% KOTopHxi He Hyfflc;i;ajica caMX, 3a;i;epacaTB ry;i;a. Can's nXepMan-B 
CB ocTajBHBiMH CHJiaMH npofflejix Bx caMoe cepTOe Jl^acopfliacm, hokh- 
HyBi CBOH) npo;i;oBOJiBCTBeHHyio 6a3y, h cjobho ckbo3b scmjik) npo- 
BajiHJica: cfeepane ;^ojiro ne hm4jih pinraxejiBHO HHKaKHX'B HSBtcxifi 
ero fl;BHffieHiax'B. Oei, npmnejnb kx mhcjih, ^to CMoaceTi npofiTH 
^epe3T. JtacopaciH), xoTa Tanaa MHoro^HCJieHnaa apnia HHKorji;a, Ka- 
aceTca, ji;o Toro BpeMenn ne 6HJia o6pani,aeMa bi 0T;n;4jiBHHfl OTpafl;'B. 
Ohi 6ujn> yB^peni, ^to MoaceT^ npo;i;oBOJiBCTBOBaTB cboh BoficKa 
na c^GTb HenpiaxeJiLCKofl cTpanLi, h ^ijOCTHri. 3Toro. ApMin nXepMana 
npe;i;cKa3BiBajiacB rnoejiB; na caMOMTb a;e ^ijii ea noxo;!!;^ 6hijiiy 
othioji;b ne TpyjijHHMi, ;^a3Ke hphbojibhhm'b, xoth H):KHHa rasexw 
nocToanno HBB'feniiajiH nact, ^to mbi HHKor;i;a dojite nnqero ne 
ycjiHHiHM'B inepMani h ero apMin, KaK'B TaKOBofi. Meac^y t^mx* 
niepMaH'B mejii> Bnepeji;^, noKa ne fl;ocTHr'B Mopa; xyxi ohx Bsajii 
CaBanay (Savannah) h sacTaBHJi'B ^apjiCTOH-B c;i;aTBca. SaxiMt oh'b 
npomeji'B ^epe3:B IOffi;Hyfi) Kapojinny h Ci^BepHyio Kapojinny; xyx^ 


!\ 


i 


KAK-L MH BOPOJIHCB HPOTABI PABCTBA. 73 

OH'B Mort yace fljtficTBOBaTB, nepe^i Ph^moh;i;om'b, b% cbhsh cl 

FpaHTOMt. 

HaKOHen;^, JIh, nocjii HicKOJiLKHX'L Jiixt BejiHKOJiinHOH 6opb6h, 
BB KOTopoS OHB BHKasajnb Bci KaqecTBa BejiHKaro nojiKOBOsn,a, 
6yay^^ coBepmeHHO HCTomemb, ;i;ojiHeH'B fimnt c^aTBCff. HacTofi^iH- 
BOCTB H HCKyccTBO peHepajia FpaHxa ysi^H^ajiHCB, HaKOHen,^, ycni^- 

XOM-B. TaET* OKOHqHJiaCB 9Ta BOHHa PHraHTOBl,. 

nocjii y6iacTBa JiHHKOJiBHa HacTynHJiB fl;ojiri6 nepio;i;B nepe- 
CTpoffKH, BB TeqeHie KOToparo npninjiocB pi^niHTB mhopo Tpy;[i,HHX'B 
savant. lOacHHe HlTaTBi 6bijih, o^hh'b 3a npyrHM'B, cHOBa npHHSTH 
B-B CoKi3'B Ha ycjiOBia yHH^TOffieHiii pa6cTBa. 

Kto, He nepeacHBfliifi jih^ho Ti jifin, CMOffieTt BHpasHTB HacTpoe- 
Hie, oxBaTHBmee cTpany, Korfl;a ona BOSBpaTHJia ce6fe MHp-B, — Korfl;a 
caMHg BOs^iiyx'B, KaaajiocB, nacHmeH'B 6hi:n> pafl;ocTBK), Ha/n;e3EAofi h 
jiiOBOJiBCTBOM'B?!... 9x0 ^yBCTBO pafl;ocTH B^B BH;i;y B03Bpani;aH)ni;aroca 
iijipa, BoacTaHOBjiffeMaro coiosa, KOHHia, nojroKeHHaro orpoMHOMy 
3Jiy H rpo3HBinefl Haii;iH onacHOCTH nanojiHajio Bci cepTO^ 6jiarofl;ap- 
EocTBK) KTb fijiapoMy IIpoMHCJiy. ^yBCTBo 3T0 oco6eHHO xopomo 
BbipaaceHo BHTxiapoMi b-b ofl;HOMt h3b ero Jiy^mHX'B CTHxoTBope- 
Hiii, Ha^HeaBmeMca cjioBaMH: 

«Boom, cannon, boom, to all the hills and waoes! 
«Clash out, glad bells, from every rocking steeple!...* *) 

HHKaKia omicaHia He MoryTB, o;n;HaKo, BLipasHXB to omyiiiieHie 
6jiaroAapHOCTH h BOCTopra, KOTopoe oxBaxHjio nacB ne noxoMy 
xojiBKO, ^xo HacxynHJi'B mhp'b, ^xo HcnHxaHia naniH KOHq[HJiHCB, ho 

H nOXOMy, ^XO 3X0X1 MHpB npHHeCB CB C060K) CBo6oAy H e^HHOHie, 

noTOMy qxo cxpana cxajia bhobb ii^jibhok), ho jme 6e3B iwxHa 
pa6oBJiafl;^HiiT. HeBOJiBKH^ecxBO 6oJiie He cymecxBOBajio! 9xoMy 
cxpaniHOMy 3Jiy, 3toS yacacHofi onacHOcxH nojroacea'B 6Hjr'B Konen.^ 
H caMi. K)n», KopoxKoe BpeMa cnycxa, 6hji'b pa;i;B, ^xo ona koh^h- 
jacB. Cnycxff HeMHoro Jiixi nocjii bohhbt a nocixHjnb MopcEiJi 
OcxpoBa lOacHofl KapojiHHH, a xanace HapjicxoH'B h CaBaHny. Yace 
Tor^a Bci, no^xH 6e3iy HCEJiio^eHiji, npHSHaBajiH, ^xo yHH^xoacenie 
pa6cxBa 6ujio naHJiyqniHM'B hcxo;i;omb ji^jisi TOmuutl nixaxoBi. Xoxa 
3TH HixaxH He Majio nocxpaji;ajiH H3'B-3a aMancHnaniiH, ohh ne no- 
aKejiajiH 6u BOscxanoBJieHia neBOJiBHH^ecxBa. He;i;aBHO oj^hh-b 6ocxo- 
Heit'B nepe;n;ajit MHi cboh pa3roBopB cb ;n;ByMH BnyKaMH Koryna 
(Calhoun), 6HBfflaro hphmhmb ojiHii;exBopeHieM^ xeopiS, onpaB^H- 
BaBinHXTb pa6cxB0. Mofl snaKOMHfi cnpocHJi'B hxb, mhopo jih pa3cy- 
;n,HTejiBHHXt JiH);a;efi noacejiajiH 6h B03cxaH0BHXB pa6cxBo? Oj^hhi 
oxBi^THJix: „H o^HHi H31 cxa He noHcejiaex'B". jpyrofl cKasajji: 
„E;iiBa JIH o^HHi ' H3t XHca^iH". — „Hxo 6u Ha 3X0 cKa3aji^ Bam'B 


^) «rpeMH, nyuiKa, rpeuiBf hoboctb BcfeMt xcjiMaMT* h BOjinaMi)! 
«3B0HnTe ee, pa;i;ocTHLre ROjiOKOJia, cb Ka3K;i,oft OHcnBmed kojiokojibhe!* 




74 PyCOKOB BOrATCTBO. 

J^AT>'i** 3SkKiTEJL% MOfi npiflTOJIB H nOJEJ^HJIl Bl OTB^Ti: „ECJQ[H 6kI 

Xi^iOI'B 6hji'l Bi HacTOAii^yK) MEHYxy en];e jrhbi, owl CKasaji'B 6u 
TO ace caMoe". 

JI|o MeHAoyco6Hafi boShh ROJEH^ecxBO codxrpaeMaro Ha BceMi 
lOr* xjonKa npocTHpajiocB ^o ^eTupext MEJiJiioHOBi TiDKOBt. B-e 
1882 r. OHO paBHHJiocB ceHH MHJiJiioHaMi. 9to — Hanjiy^Hiee ;Q;oKaBa- 

XeJELGTBO ^^ByX'B ^aKTOB^. TaE^ RaKt 86MJIH B% HiTaTaxi, npOHSBO- 

;i;Hni;HX'B xjiohok^, npnHaipeacHTi, rjiaBHUMi o6pa30Mi», C^Jimn'h, 
Torflia KaKt xprat fl;ocTaBj[aeTCH niBtTHOKoasHMH, to yBeJiH^enie npo- 
H8Bo;ii;cT6a xjioHRa noEasHBaexi^ BO-nepBixx'B, ?to ii;BiTHOKoasie 
padoTajoTi xenepL Jiy^me, h^mi Korfl;a ohh 6hjih HeBOJiBHHKaMH h, 

BO-BTOpHX-B, ^TO o64 paCH pa60TaH)Tl COBMtCTHO H MHpHO. 

I]|B6THOKoarie ^yBCTByiOTi noTpednocTB bt> o6pa30BaHiH. Ohh 

3KafliH0 HOJIBSyiOTCH KaaCfljHM'B OdCTOflTeJIBCTBOM'B, OTKpBIBaH)ni;HM'B 

HMi fljocTyn-B BX HiKOJiy. niKOjiy HOctniaiorB h CTapHfl, h MajiHfi. 
Ti HBi HHxi, ROTopHe yfflce cjthhikom'b CTapH, hto6h caMBMi Ha- 
yqHTBca rpaMOTi, 6jiaro;i;apHB[ 3a to, ^to xoth jijkTE btl MoryT^ 
yHHTBCH. noMHK), ofl;Ha JiajHH, 6HBniaH y^HTejiBHHii;efl bx IIoprB- 
PoHJii, Bi lOacHofl KapojiHHi cb Tixx caMHxi itopi, KaK'B oh-b 
6hj['b saHHrB naniHMH BoficKaMH, pascKasuBajia mh^, ?to yBH^&ia 
o^Haas;;n;H cTapyxy-HerpHTHHKy na EOJi'iHax'B y mKOJiBHofl ct*hh. 
„^T0 BBi TyTi inijEaexe, MaiyiHEa?" cnpocHjia y^HTej[BHHn;a. „CaMa 
It cTapa yaci, cyfl;apB[HH, qTo6H y^HTBcn", OTBt^ajra Ta, „ho a 6jia- 
ro;n;apK) Bora MHj[ocepfl;Haro sa to, ^to ;n;tTKH moh — ohh TaMi, b-b 
HiKOJii — MoryrB y^HTBCH**. — 

Ho HocjijiiHefl nepenncH b-b Coefl,HHeHHHXTt IIlTaTaxi ciHTaeTCH 
4.600,000 n.BiTHOKoacHX'B CTapnie fl;eBHTH Jiirb h h31 hhxt^ 1.400,000 
(t. e. OKOJio 30®/^j) rpaMOTHBTXi *). Cpefl;H cenaTopoBX Coe;i;HHeH- 


*) Bee aTO nHcano at 1883 r. Ob t^x-b nopi> o6cTOflTejii>cTBa, Kone^HO,. 
em,e 6ojL^e HSMi^HQjiHCb bb nojiBsy nerpoB'B. Bi^ ceHTfl6p'fe 1901 ro^a enncEOiTB- 
Herpi> ^eppnKi) (Derrich), roBopa Ha JIohaohcroh KOH^epeHt^in HeTOji,HCTCRaro 
;i,yzoBeHCTBa, npnBejTB csijijiomXa a^hhua: hhcjio ^6pH£in> x^TeH. b'b na^ajiB- 
HUXB o6ii],ecTBeHHHX'B inKOAaxB Coe;i;nHeBHux'B UlTaTOBB npocTHpaeTca jui^a 
;i,Byxii Cb nojiOBHEOH) MHJU[ioHOBi>; B'B cpeAHnxi) H BbicmnxB y?e6H£ix'B saBe^e- 
niflx^ y^HTca 45,000 iepHOKOHtHXT> mojioahx-b jiH>;i;eft. Hbt* hhxi 30,000 y^aTCH 
peiiecjiaH'B n t. n. Tpy^y; 3000 n^oxofl,snrh Kypcu — luiaccHHecKHTB hjih ecrecTBCH- 
HHXT> n&jK'h; 1500 ynaTcn ToproBOMy h 6aHK0B0My A^kxy; 30,000 y^HTejiBCTsyMTB. 
Go BpeMeHH npio6pi&TeHiA hhh npas'B rpa«;i;aHCTBa, Herpu BHecjiH cBume 13 mhje* 
jiioHOB'B AOJUiapoB'B Ha nojijifi^XKy codcTBeHHuxB o6pa30BaTejibHux'B y^e»c- 
AeHiA. B'B nocjii^;i;Hifi xjionHaTo6yMa»cHbi]K cesoHx 6oji'fee 11 MHJudoHOB'B tiorob'b 
xj[onKa 611IXO B3pomeHO h co6paHO Tpy^OHB nerpoB'B. JI^oManiHHH n jinHHaa npik- 
cjiyra b'b iohchux'b mTaTax'B Tasace coctohtb bs'b nerpoB'B. 3to, o^hrko, He 3Ha- 
MHTB, HTO ohh He ^o^HBaioTCH caHOCTOflTejiBBaro aKOHOMH^ecRaro nojioxceHLH. 
HaKonjieme co6cTBeHHocTB b'b bx^b pynax'B noABnraeTCH Bnepe;[,'B 6£ici'p£iHii ma- 
raMH. HerpQTHHCKie xpauu a t^epROBHoe BMymecTBo Boo6iue npe;icTaBj[Hioin> 
co6oK> cyuHy b'b 40 mnjunoHOB'B j^ojuiapoB'B; niROjibHoe HMymecTBO — 15 hhjejIo- 
hob'b; CTOBMocTb xjiJiuYb noirfeiuemH, npBHa;i;2e»caii;BX'B nepHOKOHCBH'B, pasBa 
150 MHJiJiioHaM'B; ohh B^ia.^'kjoTii ^^^P^^^^ ^^ cyMHy b'b 325 h. n pasHbiHrb j[hh- 


I 

i 


KAK-B MH BOPOJIHCb OPOTHBl PABCTBA. 75 

HHXt nixaTOBX 6hJI0 fl;Ba I^BiTHOKOKHXt, HtCKOJILKO ^eJIOBiKt cjy- 
SREJEH Bl paSJIH^HHXl BtTBAXl ynpaBJeHia, a bis* MtCTHHXTb SaEOHO- 

xaTejTBHHxi co6paHiflX'b Bcixi mTaxoBt niBtxHOKOKHxi fl;enyTaTOBi 
Chueo inaace mhopo. $pe^epHKi JlyrjiacB (Douglass), HiKorfl;a ci 
TpyAOM'L H36'6saBinifi apecxa go CTopoHH Mapmajia Goej^HHeHHux'b 
UlTaTOBi *) B% QKpyrfi KojiyMfiiff, ci Ttxi nopi caMi cjiyaKHJH 
B'B Tofl ase fl;oJi»HOCTH B-B TOMi 3Ke OKpyri **). 


HUMi) ^BnmBMUH'B HMyiuecTBOH'B Hd cyHMy 165 MHJiJi. ;^ojijiapoB'i>. IIo kB^mjo 
eiiHCKona J^eppiiKa, 6ojiBniyK> onacnocTB ^h aMepoKaHCKBrB HerpoB'B npe;i;cTaB- 
jfleTb Hx-B TaroTinie k-b 6oj[biiniM'B ropo;a^aH'B. IIoKa nerpi* pa6oTaeTi> na <{>epMi^, 
Bi> A^peBHi^, HJLH H'l^cTe^Ki^, OR'b sjs.opoB'B H TpyA0JiK)6BB'B. FjiaBHaH Macca nOKB- 
Aaioii^HXT> lorB js,aa. 6ojLhmvix'b ueHTpoBi* ^a^pB'iHO-npoHi^mjieBHUxik nixaTOB'B 
eoxpaHflCTB B Tain> 3tb nepTLi; ho 3Ha<iBTejii>Hoe MeHbniBBCTBo, noji,T> bjubhIcm'b 
HeB'i^pHOCTB 3apa6oTKa cb oxHofi cxopoHu B BCRymeHift jmxopa;]i;oHHp3 ropo^- 

eKOil »UI3HH Ch Xpyroft — BBipomA^eXCB <|>H3B^eCKB B HpaBCTBeHHO. 

GjiOBa eoBCKona Jl^eppBKa noATBepac;i;aiOTCH b ApyrBHH ^aHBHMB. B'B }^ 602 
npeKpacHaro HBFO-IopKCKaro mypnajia «The Literary Digestx> ^u naxoj^Bii'B cbb- 

A'^^TCJIBCTBO, 1T0 B'B ^OJIBUIBX'B TOpO^^aXB, VJlfk HerpU o5HTaK)TB B'B TpyJUOdnUX'B 

KBapfajiax'B, cMepTHOCTB Memflj hbmb bohtb B^Boe Bume CHepTBOCTB 6^hiTj> 
B ^sljlqko npeBLiiiiaeT'B poacAaeMOCTb. Ha btom-b ocBOBaHifl cTaBBxca BonpocB: 
BUMBpafoxT) JIB B'B iBxaxaxB Herpu?-^HO pi^maeTCfi ompunameAbuo. 06mee hbcjio 
HerpoB'B B'B coK>3']^ BO nocji-j^A^efi nepenacB paBBBexca 8.850,000, x. e. oho yABOB- 
jiocB CO BpeHCH'B BHaHCBBai^B. BfiBKafl B'B cxaxHCXHKy pa3JiB?Hbix'B mxaxoBib, 
MM y6'fe«;a;aeMcfl, hxo b-b o^hbx-b nepnoe Hacejienie ydusaerB, b-b ;^pyrBXT» pa- 
•xexTi B npBXOM'B — 6ucTpie 6i3iaro. Bth K0jie6aHiH o6'BJiCHBK)XCfl^ rjiaBHHirB 
o6pa30M'B, nepe;i^BBHceBieM'B i^i^xHoro HacejeaiB; B'B ooin.eM'B Hce cJii>Ayex'B npa- 
HBXb, ^TO HepHoe EaceJteHie pacxexi> B'B xofi me nponopi^ji, RaK'B n 6^oe, 

Uepeeoduum. 

*) rocyAapcxBeHHbift hbhobbbk'b, b-b po^'fe pyccKaro cy^e^naro npBcxasa, o6jia- 
Xaion^ift B B-i^KoxopbiMB "ibcxo nojiBi^eficKBMB npeporaTBBaMB. Apecxrb, a^'i^cB^ 
ynoHBHaesiijfi, rposHji'B J^yrjiacy, KOse^HO, RaK'B i^BibxHORomcMy, Koxoparo aa 
ocHOsaHiB saROHa o 6i^rjiLix'B xoxi^JiB odpaxBXb B'B pa6cxBo. Ilepee. 

**) C-B Tkx'b nop-B KaR-B KjiapROM'B HanBcaHBi 3xb cjroBa, nepBaa paca npo- 
HBKxa eii;e mape b jiflja>ine sa Bci^ Bbicmie nocTu b ooiuecTBeHHMH nojio^ceHiH: 
Ho 3X0 noRa oxHH);ii;b ae B3rjiaABj[0 pacoBoft posHB uemjij 6^jiumb b i^b'J^xho- 
K02CHHB, oco6eHHO Ha iDF^. «yBaHcaK)niiH ce6H» K)HcaHBB'B hb 3a Hxo Be noi^;^exi» 
Bi> OAHOH'B Baroni^, He CH;i;exi> 3a o6^;i;eHBbifi cxoji'b BM'i^cxi^ cb x^^h'b caMbiM'B 

HCrpOIfB, CB KOXOpblM'B Be^eTB O^^BB^ajIbBUH BJIB ^I^^JIOBblfl CHOmeHlH, KaR'B C7> 

HOJioB'i^ROM'B, saHBMaiOH^flH'B, MO»cexi» dBixb, ropa3Ao 6ojrhe BucoRoe o6ipecxBeH- 
Hoe nojioaceHie, i-fiM-B oh-b caifB. HpesBji^eHTB PyssejiBTB xojibKO hxo HanecB, 
OAHaRo, o^eHb ^yBCXBBxejibHBifi yAap'f^ dxoMy ;i;onoxonHOMy .oxHomeHiio o^Hoil 
pac£i R'B Apyrofi, npBTjracBB'B r'b o6^Ay B'B B'&jhom'b JI.om']^, RaK'B CBoero jiBHHaro 
rocxB, «iipHBjieRaxejibHaro A^eaxjibMSHa ojiBBROBaro u^b^tb.* (do xepMBHOJioiiH 
iTew York Herald'a), fiyRepa T. BamBHrxona (Booker T. Washington). B. T. 
BauiBBPTOH'B nojuBsyexcx o6u^bm'b yBanceHieH'B, RaK'B npooBi^TBxejEB CBoefi pacu. 
Obtb nojib30Baj[CH^-B'B npe^'fejiax'B a^jtoblix'b oduj^ecxBeHHUX'B oxHomeHifi — co- 
ji.'i^ficxBieu'B ;icaHce loxcaH'B, xaR'B RaR'B, no BupameHiio o^hoS bs'b «A6M0RpaxB- 
HecKBX'B» ra3erB, «oh'b cxohji'b sa npo^eccioaajiBHoe o6pa30BaHie CBoeS pacu 
H npeABOJiaraiocb, TTO oh'b npoxBBBACH jioacHbnfB HAeflH'B oojibiuBHCXBa Bosa- 
KOB'B CBoeiS pacbi», X. e. bxI) ;ii;oMoraxejiBcxBy jiocxaBBXb HerpoB'B BoojH'fe na 
pasHyio Hory cb 6'kjaiMis. Tenepb b npoxBBt BamBBrxoaa, h B'B ocoochhocxh 
npoxHB'B Py3Bejibxa, Roxopufi ne xojibko c^'kjLSUL'b axoro nerpa cbobh'b rjiaBHBiM'B 

pyKOBOABXCJieH'B B'B Jl.'ks^ BaSHa^eHlfl COIOSBUXB TIBHOBHBROB'B B'B Ajia^aSii^, HO 


76 PyCOKOB BOrATOTBO. 

nOHCTHHi MH HM^eM^ nOJLHOe OCHOBaHle 6HTB 6jiaroAapH£Ufff 

3a TO nporpecGHBHoe pasBHrie, KOTopoe ci ThTb nop^s saMi^aeTcs 
no Bcefi xeppHTopin ioshbixi* niTaTOB:b Kan's cpe;^H i^b^thokoshxi^ 

XoTfl ^aKTH^ecEH pa6cTB0 6bijio yHH^Toaceno npoKJianai^efi JIhh- 
KOJiLHa, o;a;HaEO^ lopEAH^ecKH oho oroh^hjio cbob cynnecTBOBaHie 
j[HinL ch T^xx nopi, KaEx TpHHaAii;aTaA ^nonpaBKa'^ CTajia cocxas- 

HOK) qaCTBK) KOHCTHTyi^iH CoejUHHeHHLIX'B IHTaTOBt. 

„nonpaBKa" axa ^iHxaexcff xaKi: 

„CmambH XIII. OmdrbJi^ J.-;-Hh HeBOJiBHH^ecTBO, he npHHy- 
jiiHxejiBHHa pa6oxB[ (involuntary servitude), 3a Hckno^eHieMx xix'B 
cjiyqaeBi, Korfl,a xaKOBHH onpe^jijieHH bi naKaBanie aa npecxynjie- 
Hie, 3a Koxopoe BHHOBHoe jihh;o saKOHHO ocyacjiieHO, ne fl;onycKaexca 
HH wh npefl.tjiax'B Coe;n;HHeHHBixx DIxaxoBTb, hh bi KaKOMX 6u to 
HE 6hjio BHOMi Micxi, Ha KOxopoe pacnpocxpaHflexca fl;tficxBie ex's 

SaKOHOBl**. 

HexBipHafl;ii;axaff ^nonpaBKa** onpeAiJiaexi, kxo HasHBaeTca rpaa- 
ji;aHaME, Koxoptie cocxoaxx wh paBHofl nipt bo Bcixi mxaxaxt 

nOJi,% nOKpOBEXeJIBCXBOM'B SaKOHOB'B. 

nAXHaji;i^axaA nonpaBKa ESJiosena cjiij3[,yioii;EM:B o6pa30M^: 
CmambH XV. OmdrbJi^ I. — He Coefl;HHeHHHe IIlTaxH b'b ixife- 
jiOMi, HE KaKofl 6h xo HH 6hjio Hixax^B B'B ox;i;ijiBHOcxE He Moryxt 
jTEHiEXB Koro 6h XO HH 6hjio npEHa;n;jie3Kamaro rpa3K;i;aHaMi Coefl;H- 
HeHHBixi nixaxoBi npaBa rojiocoBaHia — na ocHOBamH pacH, ii;Btxa 
KoacE, EjiE 6hxhocxe, m> npeacnee BpeM^, b'b neBOJiBHHqecxBi (pre- 
vious condition of servitude)". 

nposJiaMai](iH JlEHEOjiBHa dnjia npaeyiojibuuMh KaMHOM'B gbo6oah; 
npHBe;n;eHHBia BHme „nonpaBKH" 6bijie KaMHOM'B, 3aKonHuemuM^ ea: 
3ji;aHie. 


H nocaAHJi'B 3a csofi ctojtb, RaK'B 6i^jiaro, Bosonnja bch loxcHafl npecca. 4>aRTi^ » 
c^HTaercH HacTOjiLRO cepbesHUM'B, hto, no cJioBaH'B oahoS nsii joTsuBUXh raaeTi*, 
Dpe3H;i;eHTB oaxjionHyji'B pi;Bepb nepepi^'B 6i^jiKMQ lOra, KOTopuii noHcejE&sn 6£i 
npHHRHXTb K-B pecny6jiBRaHCRofl napTiH». Ho «nepeMefleTCfl — Hyna 6yAeTi.». A 
HTO pacoBofi BonpocB TenepB 3affMerx> Ha HcepnoBaxi) nporpecca eme 6oj{']&e 
3HaHiiTejii>Hoe, a rjiasHoe — 6oji'fee Bij[ro;i;Hoe m^cto, i^MTb ;i,o chx'b nopt, b-b tobtb 
nopyRoft p-femHTejibHufi xapaRTepi* h bhcokoc nojiowcnie PysBejifcTa. IIojiomeHie 
npeaH^j^enra ;!i,ajio eaiy n oojiBmyio BjiacTB, h 6ojii>mofi HpaBCTBennLiii npecTiUR'B. 
Jln^HO no HaTypf> ohi» ^cjiob'I^r'b caMocTOHTejibHHft, MOHxeT-b 6htl ^bsslq ynp«- 
MHfi, a no y6'fe3KAeHiiiM'B n npnBiiiiRaMiE> a6cojK)THO jiumeH'B pacoBux^ npe;^;- 
y^-fe^h^^eniii, RaRT> bb;(ho nsTb CJI*fc;^yIO^^a^o cjiynaH. B'B 6hthoctb PyasejiBTa ry- 
^epnaTopoM-B mraTa Hbw-Iopr'b, nerpB BpaflaM-B (Brigham), (vapnTon-B n;epRBH 
Cb. Feopria, npiifexaji'B b-b rjiaBHEiii ropo^ij-B mxaTa OjideHH (Albeny) n AaJ[i» 
TaM'B ROHT^epTB. llocjrfe ROHi^epTa 3T0TB npeBOCxoAHuft n']^Bei;'B ne mofb, o^HaRO, 
HafiTB ce^^fe npncTaHHU^a, TaRi* RaRB Bci OTejisi na oxptsB oTRasajiHCB snycTHTi* 
ero Ha hohb, hjih xoth ^aTB no-fecTB. BpaSaM-B BHBejeHB 6vLjL'h vLarb BaTpy^HeHiH 
PyaeejiBTOM'B, ROTopuft npnrjiacnji'B ero bb rydepnaTopcRift ji;oirB h Tpernposaji'B, 
RaR'B rocTii. 


OBOPBAHHAfl nEPEnHCKA. 


XXL 

neiepCypri). 20 ^HBapa. 
J5pyri> Mofi! 

Bh Ha onacHOfi ;iopor'fe... 9to ot-b o/^HHo^ecTBa. Oho uo^ith 
BcerAa Bejierh Kb caMoanajiHBy, caMoyrpHsemioH, cjiiAOBaTejiLHo, 

K^B OT^aHHiro. Bb OAHHO^eCTB'fe, KaK'b B1> TOfi THHIHHi, KOTO- 

pofl BH HHcajiH MHi: „cjiHniHmi> ce6H, CBoe cepAUie, cboh 
MHCJiEf"... BoTb no^eMy bt> oAHHo^ecTBi Bceraa CTpamno. /l|a, 
HMeHHO cTpaniHO... fl Coiocb OAHHO^ecTBa 6ojiBnie Bcero h fitry 
0Ti> Hero. Bb IleTepOypri 3to ohghb JierKO. 3jio6oAHeBHaa BOJina 
CberB TaKii BjiacTHo u rpoMKo, tho sarJiymaeTB TOHKie nepe- 

JIHBH BOnpOCOB'B COB^CTH, COMHimft H He AaGTB npHCJiyHIH- 

BaTBCJI KTb ceO'fe... 

npi'fe35KaflTe, no5KajiyficTa, CKopie cioAa. Mh BA'fecB BaMBHe 
nosBOJiHM'B TaK'B caMoyrJiyOjiHTBCii hbh yBHAHie, KaK'B ^epesTb 
neAiJiio — ABi Bci qth Hacrn h EropKH noKamyTCH BaM'Bnpo- 
CTO rpycTHHMH AGTajiHMH My5KCK0ft mH3HH. IIpitB^KafiTe CKopte. 

B. H. 

p. S. Bh MorjiH 6h A^pi oKaaaTB 6ojiBniyio ycjiyry BaniHM'B 
npiisAOMi) — npo^ecTB JieKuiio BTb nojibsy Moeft hikojih; a'^JIo 
Moe Bce pacmiipaeTCii, a cpeACTBi> Majio. Bama jieKi];ia Morjia 
(5h AaTB OojiBmoft cOopi) h o^enb noMorJia 6h naM-B. HpiismafiTe! 


XX. 

TypBH FopH. 28 sHBapH. 
IIpocTHTe, Aoporan Bapnapa JiBBOBHa, ^to He otb'^thjib BaM'B 
TOT^acB 5Ke: He nncajiocB. 

CnacHOo 3a npHrjiamenie, ho si ne npi^Ay, t. e. celi^acB ne 

npiiAy- JleKI^iH MH'fe HHTaXB HOJIBB^, SESi^WJH^ HOJIOSHHM'B BaMT> 

H BameMy A'feJiy ^ 6htb ho Mory. A yAOBOJiBCTBia Moii npi'fesA'B 

AOCTaBHTB He MOmeTI), — BB CJIHHIKOM'B .piSKOMB AHCCOHaHCfe 


78 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

Moe Mpa^Hoe h THxoe HacTpoenie cb BamHMT* 6oaphmt» h A'b- 
jiOBHMt... TojihKo TOCKy HaBefly na Bacb. Bti mghh He noftMexe, 

H p'femHJi'b He 'fexaxb Biy HeTepOyprL ao nojinaro OKOHqamH 
paOoTH; TenepB cpoKi> Moeit Ao6poBOjibHofl bhchjikh eme or- 
AajiHJiCH, TaK'b KaKT* Bce 9to BpeMa a ne pafioTaji'b. A He pa- 

COTajIOCb MB* UO O^eHb CJIOHCHHAfb BHyxpeHHHM'b npHHHHaM'B 

H no OAHoa BH'feinfleil. Y EropyniKH Cnjia o^eHb ra^tejiaa (|)opMa 
TH(|)a H BjiacbeBHa 6yKBajibH0 BHpBajia ero oTb cMeprn; ho jiJisi 
9Toro Becb AOM-b CHJi-b nocTasjieH'b Bepx-b AHOMIi. TlOKTOp'b — 
aeMCKift Bpa^-b ne uoriy nocroagHO Ha6jiK)AaTb sa CoJibHHM'b h 
npHCJiajTb K'b HaM-b (|)ejibAniepHE[y. Ona nocejiHJiacb y nacb, h 

a OTAaJIl) MOH KOMHaiH, TaK'b KaKl> OB* CaMHH TenJIHH B'b AOMi. 

CaM-b a nepecejiHJiCH B'b nojioBHHy GaCyniKH, ho paOoiaTb He 
Mori). 

BjiacbeBHa cyeiMjiacb, O-fe'rajia, MOJiHJiacB. OAHa (|)ejibAnie- 
pHE[a — EBrenia HBanoBHa— 6HJia cnoKoflHan A^ajia CBoe a'^^^eo 
yB'fepeHHo, aKKypaTHo h hohth Becejio. Ofla BHOCHJia B'b aom-b 
ycnoKoeme h (j[)HJioco(|)CKoe oTHomenie K'b 5kh3hh h cm^pth. 
. KorAa npi'i^amaji'b AOKTop'b, onaBca npeoOpaacajiacb h ea Bipa 
B'b Hero nepoAaBajiacb h kaMi*, h mh na^HHajiH B'fepHTb, hto 
OH'b cnaceTb ikajibquKa. 

H cKOJibKo paax, chah y, nocTejiH 9Toro CoJibHoro peCemca, 
cjiymaH ero ctohh h rjiaj^si Ha cTpaAamn aioro MajienbKaro 
^ejioBtea — a BApyri> BcnoMHHaji'b BaniH cjioBa: „rpycTHHH a^- 
TajiH"... H BH A*«ttaJiHCb AJia MeHH TaKaa Aa^i^Kaa, TaKan ny- 
^aa. 51 yB'fepHJTb ceCa, HTO bh xot'&jiii nomyTHTb, hto6h pa3Be- 
cejiHTb MeHH — HO TaKaa myxKa ne BasKeTca cb BaMH — cepbea- 

HHM'b H ^yTKHM'b HeJIOB'feKOM'b. H MH'fe CiaHOBHJIOCb 60JIbHO 

aa Bac'b h aa ce6a... HeyacejiH a coBC'feM'b He SHaro Bacb? 
Hey^ejiH bh ne xaKaa, KaKOfi a ce6'fe Bacb npeACTaBJiaio? He 
MoateTb 9Toro 6HTb! He xo^y a aTOMy BtpHTb. 

C. P. 

xxm. 

EeTepOypri). 2 (|)eBpajia. 

Jl^a, Aoporoii Cepr'feli Hjibh^I), Kone^HO, a ne to, ^to bjec 

npeAciaBJiaeTe cefi'fe, h bh, KOHe^Ho, ne anaeTe Mena. SI Aynaio, 

hhkto HiiKoriia HHKoro ne anaerb. Mh Bcfe Apyri> AJia Apyra — 

aaraAKii. Bh paaraj[ajiH Mena no CBoeny, bh narpaAHJiH Mena 

T-bMH AOCTOHHCTBaMH, KOTOpHa BH HCKajIH BO MH-fe... CKOJIbKO 

paa'b — KorAa bh roBopHJiH MH'fe o Moefi cepbeanocTH h rjiy- 
fiHH-fe — MH'fe xorfejiocb CKaaaTb Ba^fb, hto 9to Bce ne TaK'b, ne 
TaK'b H He TaK'b... Ho MH'fe 6hjio ^ajib... ne Bacb, a ce6a: TaK'b 
paAOCTHO BHAfeb, HTO Ka^Kembca jiy^me, H'bM'b ecTb Ha caMOM'b 


OBOPBAHHAff nEPEflHCKA. 79 

A'fctirfe, TaKt cxpaniHO cHaiB cl ceOn MacKy, tek-b ^ajiKO pas- 

ChTL HJIJIIOBiH... Ho 9T0 HajIO CA'fejiaTb. Bh AOJIMCHH BHA^Tb BO 

MHi HacTOHinaro, a ne co3AaHHaro saMH, neJiOBtKa. H a cRopo 
npmnjiK) Bawb cboK HpaBCTBeHHHfl nopxperB bo bccb pocTb... 
PaacKasKy BaM^b bc» moh) mchshb, moh) rpycTHyH) mchshb, paa- 
cKaacy BaMTb npo ceCfl bcd npaBAy. TenepB ne Mory euxe p4- 
mHTBCH, He Mory... Cica^y noKa tojibko to, ^jto h ohchb i^tHio 

BaCB, ^TTO BH OHOHB AOpOFH MHt. 

B. H. 


XXIV. 

TypBH FopH. 5 (|)eBpaji«. 

Moa Aoporafl! /l^ofipaKa! BpocBie bh othochtojibho mchh Boa- 

KyK) yjiHTo^nyK) saMKHyTocTB, BcaKoe neAOB'fepie. IlHinHTe co- 

BciM'b, coBciM-B HO jxyjn'h. Hey^KCJiH He acHO, hto a. jiioCjik) 

BacB no HacTOHiDieMy h aTHMTb sacjiy^KHBaro xotb npocTOTH, 

XOTB CesyCJIOBHOft HCKpeHHOCTH OTHOmeHifl? "S[tO 9T0 3a HaMeKH 
H He^OMOJIBKH? 3a 9T0 MH H B'B HeTepfiyprt CCOpHJIHCB nOCTOaHHO, 

a B'B HHCBMax'B 3T0 ein;e ocxpie bhxoahtb. KaKyio npaBAy pas- 
CKamexe bh mh4 npo ce6a? H no^eny naAO ^pimHTbca" paa- 
<5Ka3aTB ee. ""Ito 3to 3a ymacHaii npaBAa? He KJieBen];HTe bh 
Ha ce6a, a nannniHTe nocKop'fce Bce, KaK'B ecTB. IIoMHHTe, hto 
^ KaacAHft A^HB 'h^sRy na CTani^iK) k-b noHTOBOMy no'fesAy!!. H 
CKOJiBKO pasTb a npo^Ay AapoM'B, paHbme, '^'hwb nojiy^y Cojib- 

mOft KOHBOprB Ci COJIBmnMH aCHHMH 6yKBaMH, KOTOpHfl MH'fc 

HanoMnHaroTB CoJiBmie acHHe rjia3a. A B'B btom'b 6ojibniOMi> 
KoHBepTfc, KpoM'fe 6ojn>niHX'B HeAOMOJiBOK'B — HH^ero. HeysKOJiH 
OTO xopomo? 

HomajiyKcTa, HannniHTe nocKop'fce h noOodiBme. 

C. P. 


xxr. 

HeTepOypr'B. 10 (|)eBpajia. 
TpH pasa npHHHMajiacB a nncaTB saM-B, Aoporott Cepr'feri 
Hjibhh'b, h Bce He Morjia. He Mory a uo6'hji,^Th B'B ceC'fe'^e- 
Jianie KasaTBca npHBJieKaTeJiBH'fee, Hnmie, Aofipte n, Boo6n];e, 
jiy^me, H'bM'B si B'B A't^CTBHrejibHOCTH. H, nopKajiyl^CTa, ne Tpe- 
CyfiTe OTB MOHa npaBAH, Aafixe uRi enne ho^htb b-b toS jiacH, 
KOTopoft a TaK-B Aopoaty. H AyMaio, hto Bama jiioOobb no 
-„HacToani;eMy" ne o^eHB My^HTejn>Ha A«nr«a BacB, h mh^ «ajiKo 
yOHBaTB ee. 

nOMHHTe, pa3'B— OAHH'B H3'B MHOFHX'B pa30BI> — MM TOBOpHJIH 
CB BaMH JIH)6bh. fl CKasajia, HTO HHKTO COfiCTBeHHHMS pyKaMH 


80 . PyCCKOE BOrATCTWO. 

He y6beT'i> JiK)6oBb ki> ceOi, hto 6HTb JiroOHMOtt — rpoMaAHoe 
c^acTbe. 

Bh TOTjxa. saM'feTHJiH: 

— 9to hhcto no-5KeHCKH... MymHHHa roBopHT't: „a jiioCjiio 

JIK)6HTb**, a aKeHmHHa — „Si Jiro6jII0 6HTb JIH)6HM0fi"... 

H BOBCTajia npoTiiBi> 9Toro h CKaaajia BaMos: 

— B-b jik)6bh HiTi* TaKoro A'^JieHia: hhcto no ateHCKH mjiii 
^HCTO no-MyaccKH... Ho a AyMaro, ^ro cKopie 3KeHiu.HHa nofi- 
MeTB pa/tocTb jik)6bh Oea-b OTBiTa, 6yjieTb mwrh em h <nopo- 
mwnh caMHMi> cTpaAanieMi) cbohm'b... Bck) cboh) »cH3Hb oTflacT-B 
H HH^ero He noipeSyeT'b BBaMtHi)... 

Bh flojiro MOjnajiH h, HaKOHec;!), cKasajiH^ 

— KaKi> BH ezo jiioCHTe! H KaKi> c^acTJiHBH axofl jiK)6oBbK)... 
Mh pascTajiHCb o6a rpycTsne h neAOBOJibHHe ji;pyri> ApyroM-B. 

IIOMHHTe? 

A a onaxb noBTopro: 6HTb jirofiHMo:^ — rpoMaAHoe c^acTbe. 
OcoOeHHo ecjiH aia JiioOoBb ne M'femaeT'b hh mwrb, hh pa- 

GOTaXb, HH SaOOTHTbCH COJIbHHX'b A'^THXT), B006me HHH'feMT> 

He HapymaeT'b cnoKofiHyio, jx'hjioByio ;KH3Hb. Sa^'feM'b me h co6- 
CTBeHHHMH pyKaMH Gy^y paspymaTb xaKyio jiio6oBb? 

9to Bce myTKa, Mofi ^oporoi!, AoSpHfi Apyr-b. Mni npo- 
CTO He xoneTCH HHcaTb T0Mi>, HeM-b BH npocHTe HHCaib. 
H B'fepK), HTo BH MeHH JiiofiHTe H xopoHio JiioOHTe; H AopojKy 
eTofl jiio6oBbK) IT OjiaroAapna 3a nee. 

Mni oneHb T^5Kejio mHBeTCH Bce 3to BpeMJi, Ha AHax-b, ko 
MH* npHmeji'b BHKTop-b k oS'bHBHJi'b: 

— fl -iiAy 3a-rpaHHijy. 

— Ho A'feJiaM'b... 

Offb TaK'b CKasaji^ bto, tio h nonajia, tto oht> He xoT:eTT> 
HHKaKHX'b ofi'biiCHeHif!. Si Hcnyrajiacb: ne CoJieH'b jih OH-b? 

— Th, Mo^eTi) 6HTb, CKpHBaemb oT-b MeHH... Th neBAopoBi)? 

— A sa^iMi) 6h MH'fe cKpHBaib ott> leOn? — cnpocHJi'b ohte>, 
HCKpeHHo HeAoyM'feBaH. 

— Th 6oHnii^CH orop^HTb, HcnyraTb MeHH... 

— Hy 9T0 ^TO-TO CJIHHIKOM'b TOHKo! — CO CMfeOMl) OTB'fe- 
TKJTh OHTb. 

BHKTopTb CKasaJiTi MHt, ^TO 'feA^T'b Biy HapHmT), a B^epa 

'06'bHBPIJI'b OJIRO^ SHaKOMOfi", HTO 'feA6T'b BTE) HiaJliH) OTAOXHyiK 

oT'b paOOTH. 8to npoTHBopli^ie, KaKi* Ho^KeMi), pisnyjio MeHH. 
A OHT) TO^Ho noA^epKHyjiTb cbok) jio^kb, to^ho xoT'feJi'b 3Toa: 
jiombio ^aTb noHHTb MH'fe npaBAy. H h noHnaa ee... 

KorAa 3Ta snaKOMan oSpaTiijiacb ko MH-fe ch BonpocoMi>: 

— A BH OT^ero He ncfeAGTe na cojiHine, bT) lenjio? 

H, no npHBH^Kii, OTB'feTHJia etl KaKoft-TO myTKOit, ho moh 
cjioBa, Moti coGcTBeHHHi! rojiocb noKasajiHCb MH'fe nysKHMH. H 


OBOPBAHHAfl HEPEnHCKA. 81 

roBopHJia emfi hto-to, ^oJi^tHO Ohtb, Kaaajiacb cnoKOflna, ho 
BHyxpH y Mena Chjiocb h 6ojrkjio rope. 
3a oO^AOMt Baca cnpocHJTb OTi^a: 

— nana! ^ewb th Bce AyMaeniB? 

BHKTopTb HH^ero He OTB'feTHJTb CMy, TOjibKO noCJiiAHijrB. 
Majib^HK'B noBTopHJTb BonpocB. BHRTopt npH^cajiTb ero k^b ceCt 
H cTajiTb Ht^tHo i^-fejiOBaTB ero B-B rojiOBy, b-b meKH, bi> rjiaaa. 
H HyBCTBOBajia, hto emie ceKyH^a h « He BHAepHsy. BApyri) 
BHKTop'B coBepnieHHO cnoKotoo CKaaajiTb: 

— A TH paacKa^H, KaKTb ceroAHa na KOHBKax'B KaTa.]icH? — 
CkoJiBKO pasi) cBajiHJicfl? 

Baca o^HBHJica, Bobhk'b Toate npHHHJTB ynaciie btb paaro- 
Bopi, Mademoiselle pascKaaajia, KaKTE> Bcfe na KaTKt jiioGyioTca 
Ha Hanmx'B A'^TeJt — h oG'feA'B aaKOH^mjiea Bnojint npnjiH^HO. 

TOJIBKO BHKTOp'B BCe BpCMH HSfitraJTB CMOTptTB Ha MeHH, H a 

He MorJia nporjioTHTB hh KycKa... 

IIoTOM'B a noixajia Ha BacbAame, Tjyh AOJiacna (5HJia np6A- 
ciAaxejiBCTBOBaTB; ohchb mhofo roBopHJia, OTCTanBajia nyacie 
HHrepecH, cnopHJia o ^ymnxTb A'^Jiax'B... H, KoneHHo, hhkto h 
He saM'feTHji'B, HTo y Mena i^'fejiua aA'B b-b Aymi... 

Bh CKasKexe: — ^o ^ero mo5kho naojiraTBca! 

A KaKx-me cyn^ecTBOBaTB nna^e? HaynHre. 

3aBTpa A^HB namefi CBaABfiH. ByAyTi> — msLWh BcerAa — 06'fe- 
AaTB Apy3i>a H poAHHe. Mym-B npocHji'B Mena ne roBiopHTB 061* 
ero OTB'feBA'fe. fl, KOHCHHO, corjiacHJiacB. 

Axtj, Aoporofi Moft! KaK-B lamejio mwrb na cB'feT'b. 

B. H. 

XXVI. 

HeTepCypFB, 20 (|)eBpajia. 

Jl^oporoft Apyr-B! 

UoneMy BH MOJiHHTe? 3aopobh-jih? He cjiy^HJiocB-jm ^ero- 
HH6yAB? Bh Mena HBOajiosaJiH BamnMH nncBMaMH, h mh* rpycTHO 
CeBTb hux-b! 

a TOJIBKO HTO BCiajia ci> nocTejiH; npojie^tajia cb hca^Jik), 
npocTyAHJiacB — ot-b ropa, oti> bjtoOh... 

OAHHHaAi];aTaro (|)eBpajia mh npasAHOBajiH AecaTyro toaob- 
mnny namef!: cBaAbCH. Ki> o6iAy npitxajia cecTpa BHKTopa — 

CO(|)Ba HBaHOBHa cb AO^epBIO JIlIBOfi H AOKTOpOMI)... Bh noM- 
HHTe 9T0r0 AOKTOpa — OWb JI'fe^HrB ee no KaKOfl-TO HeHBBtCTHOfi 
UeTOJl'h OTh HeHBB'feCTHHX'B COJI'tSHefi... IIoTOM'B aBHJIHCB ABa 

noKJiOHHHKa JIhbh: oahhI)— TapyTHHt, KOToparo bh To^i^e snaeTe, 
noMHHTe, A'^HHHHfl OpjOHeTi), BH eii^e npHHajiH ero sa ^ennxa 
JIhbh, Apyrofi — 3eliM'B, MOJioAott, CoraTHlt h rjiynoBaTHfi. 

3a ofitAOMi) Co(|)Ba HBanoBna oe-BaBHJia c^acTJiHBOWB 

>B 4. OT;^tjrB I. 6 


1 


t2 ByCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

coBnaAeniH: bt> ACHb A^cirrnjitTia TaKoro npHMtpnaro cynpy- 
5KecKaro ciacTbii, KaKTb ciacTbe BapsapH JIbBOBHU h BHKTopa 
HBaHOBHHa — ona od'taBjiHerb o tom-b, hto ea Jio^b Jlnsa — ne- 
BicTa HBana BAyapAOBsna Seflna. Bcfe saKpn^ajiH ^ypa*" h 
CTajiH HOKaxbca... 

HaKanyHi a nanncajia BaM'b, hto MCAy orb Bacb oTiuiHKa: 
jxo ^ero MOHtHO HSOJiraTbca! H Becb oCiA'B bh — cb axoK (|)pa- 
3ofi — CT05IJIH nepeAO mhoK. B^a^ Co(|)b« HBanoBHa snaerb bchj 
npaBAy o nameMTb cynpyacecKOM'B c^acTb'fc, AasKe npeyBejiHHH- 
BaerB MHoroe! A JiHsa? Tpn roAa AepHCHrb OHa npn cefit 3Toro 
TapyTHHa, a bhxoahttb aa 3eflMa! 

^0 ^ero M05KH0 HsoJiraTbca! . 

H a saAMxajiacb orb bjioGh h mejiama KpHKHyTb hmi> 3to. 
BHRTop-B noAomejnb ko mh*, nou'fejioBajrb moh) pyny h jiacKOSd 
CKaaajiB MH'i^: 

— Moa^HO npHBecTH CK)Aa MOJib^HKOBB? IlycTb OHH no3Apa- 

B^TB JlH3y. 

Bb ApyroK pa3B ohb He cnpocHJiB 6u Moero pa3pinieHui, 
npHMO BejitjiB 6h jiaKeio no3BaTb A'^Tett b-b CTOJiOByro, xoTa u 
3HaeTT>, OTo a He jno6juo bhboahtb A^Teft k'b rocMMB. SAic^ 
OBi>, AOJiMCHO Chtb, noHaji-B, oto A'^JiaeTca BnyBpn Mena, h pi- 
mnjiTb „nepe6HTb HacTpoenie". 9to eMy yAajiocb. Jl^'feTH, bb cbo- 

HXB 6'fejIHX'B MaTpOCKHX'b KOCTDMaX'B, CB HXB HCKpeHHHMH 

yjiHfiKaMH — BHecjiH ceflnacB 5Ke hto^o Becejioe h yMHpoTBo- 
paK)n];ee. CM'fex'B, noi^ijiyH, myTKH CTajiH 6yAT0 6h HCKpeHHte 
H npon];e... J^iTCKie rojioca 3arjiyniHJiH h noniJiocTb Co^bK 
HBanoBHH, H rjiynocTb Sel^Ma, h hoajioctb TapyTHna h JIh3h. 
Ho KorAa nocjii ofiiAa yneJiH^ A'feTefi, Bcfe nepeniJiH b-b 
rocTHHyio H Ha^ajiacb ofiH^naa CojiTOBna, a rjiaBHoe kofaa 
My5KB coBepmeHHO cnoKoflHO saaBHJi'b, ^rro, K'B co^KajiiniK), 
AOJiaceHB ixaTB na coBin^anie, ho ^epe3'B naca Asa naAieTC* 
BepnyTbca — a onaTb nyxb He KprncHyjia: 

— JIfl Hero M05KH0 H30JiraTbca! 

Ha Bce 3T0 tojibko ^^yib". Hjih Bct mh cjihhikomb Ojiaro- 

BOGHHTaHH JJ,JISl HCKpeHHHX'B HOpHBOB'b, HJIH XOJIOHCKH Tpyc- 

jiHBH? H MOJi^ajia H npe3Hpajia ce6a 3a 9to MOJi^anbe. 

TapyTHHB, fiojiie oacHBJieHHHia, ^ut> KorAa-JinCo, ciajTB 
yroBapHBaTB -fexaTb KaTaibca cb rop-B. Bh SHaexe, KaKB a He 
jiio6jiio TaKHX-B pa3BJieHeHii!, ho TyTB a nepnaa noAAepacajia 
TapyTHHa. Xorfeaocb ABHraibca, myMiib, ne cjiHinaxb CBoeft 

3JIO(5h. 

— A KaK'B me 6e3B BnKTopa? — cxporo cnpocHJia Co(|)Ba 
HBanoBHa. 

— Mo5KeTB 6htb, mh BCTp^THMca CB Enwb, — CKa3aJia a h 
OABa He npnOaBHJia: 

^Ofl^B TaMB CO CBOefl A'feBHJUe]^ KyTHTB, B'fepoaTHo!..*' 




OBOPBAHHAa nEPEHHCKA. . 8S 

Mh noixajiH bi> Tpexi) TpoflKaxi). fl cfejia cl JiHBOft, Tapy- 
tHHHM'B H SeflMOMij. KaKt jiypa^HJia 5KeHHxa JlHsa, hto roBo- 
pHJi-L cMy TapyTHH-B — npoTHBHo noBTop^Tb. 51 TOCKOBajia ^ynh 
He AO cjiesi). Mai 6hjio xojioaho, a «, Korzia CTajiH KaTaTbca 
ci> rop-B, eiuje CHHJia myCy h KaTajiacb b-b oahomb njiaibt. 

Ha Apyroft j^esh y mchh 6hjio 39 rpaAycoBB h « npojie- 
3Kajia Eejx'hjDo. Myacb aaxoAHJiB ko MH'fe, caAHJica y hoct^jih h 
MOjinajiB, TOHHO >3yMaji'b o hcmx-to ir mAajix... il nyscTBo- 
Bajia, HTO owb AyMaerb o woi^, h mh^ Kaaajiocb, hto ohb M«AeTi» 
Hoeft cMepTH. 

KorAa ohx bxoahjtl bb KOMnaTy h BHHMaTejibHO BPJiHAii- 

BaJICa BB MeHil — Mfli HyAHJIOCb, ^ITO OHB roBopHTL: 

— KorAa me? 

H a CB ymacoMB cMOTpijia na rpaAycEHKB, noKasHBaBniitt 
noHH^eme TCMnepaTypH. Tohho a 6HJia BHHOBaTa nepeA't 

K'feM'B-TO, HTO BH3A0paBJIHBaK). 

Bnepa a BCTajia cb nociejiH, Bhktopb Chjtb HCKpeHHO Be- 
'ceJTh h: a pact^B^Jia. 

A BenepOMB OHB OOBaBHJI'B MHi: 

— TenepB a Mory ixaTb 3a rpanHi^y. 

CjiesH noAKaTHJiHCb mh* kb ropjiy, saMyTHJiH rjiaaa, ii a 

:BHIIIJia H3B KOMHaTH. 

HicKOJiBKo AHelt TOMy nasaAB Jliiaa, chah y Moefi nocTejiH 
H nepeAaBaa MHt Bci hobocth, CKasajia MH'fe, tohho acejiaa 
Mena yrfeinHTb: 

— A 3Haemb, y TOlt... y Ky^iHHCKOtt... Ty6epKyjie3'B KOCTefii... 
Ee OTnpaBJiaioTB b-b HHAqy! 

51 noHajia, noHeny Bbktopb TaK'B Toponnjica ixaTB, nonewy 
^My TaK'B Taacejia 6HJia Moa doji'fe3HB h noHeny oh'b oCpaAO- 
Bajica Moeny BHSAopoBjieaiK)... 

Bee 9T0 BpeMa a acAaJia nncBMa otb BacB. A bh saMOJimiH. 
Ox^ero? Bh noHHMaeTe, KaKB MH'fe laa^ejio, nycTo... HanHmHTe m% 
-MH'fe nocKopie. 

B. h:. 
xxrii. 

26 (jf)eBpajia. T. FopH. 
Bh cnparnHBaexe oTqero a Mojiqy? HeymejiH bh ne sHaeie? 
KorAa a BH5Ky Bamn CTpaAaaia otb juoCbh kb 3T0My ^lejio- 
BiKy — a AOJiHceHx hjih Jiraxb, hjih MOJinaib. B'hjsjb roBopHTb 
npaBAy o Mymt ne noJiaraeTca. Moacno cKasaTb npaBAy npo 
^pyra, npo Cpaxa, j\a^Q npo Maib, — 3T0 nasHBawTB 6e3TaKT- 
HOCTbK), HO He ocyAaTB 3a 8T0. Ho npaBAy o uym'h naaoByTb 
noAJiocTBK). H a MOJi^y... A nepoATE* rjiasaMH bh cte> Bamefl no- 
j^o6ocTpacTHOii jhoOobbio... Bn-rFopAaa, CBoCoAOJiioCHBaa h nesaBH- 

6* 


84 pyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

cHMaa no naTypt — pa6a nejioB'bKa, HeflocToliHaro pasBHaaTb. 
peMCHb y Banrero canora... J]|jia Mena 3to nesHHocHMO... Bottb. 
OT^ero a MOJnajTB... H Boo6me KieucB-TO 6hjio nexopoino: cojiHme 
cBiTHTT) yme no BeceHHeMy, cntrt o&hm> h nonJioTH'fejii>, bi*. 
BOBAyxi HyBCTByeTCH jiHKOBaHie BOBpoHCAema, a na cepAUii — 
rpycTb H TflmecTb. PaCoTa ne luiCHTCfl; ajiiocb na cefia, cn^y 
ii;']^jiiJMH HacaMH sa nncbMeHHHM'b ctojiomI) h CMOxpio Ha Baurb 
nopxpeTb,.. HnorAa sjnocb h Ha sacb h roBopK): cjiymaerb. 
jioatb H He pimHTca aaKpH^aTb: bh Jim^xe! Cjiymaerb BcaidH 
rnycHOCTH h He HMierb CMiJiocTH aaaBHTb: bto uoajio... H-brbt 
EcjiH OHa TKvmeTb cb hhmh h hxT) HHTepecaMH, cjiymaerb Ceaii 
npoTecTa HX'b pt^H, roBopHTi> nxx hshkomT) — snaHHT'b cmo- 
ipHTi HX'b rjiaaaMH!.. H ne CMtex'b ona ocyatAaTb HX'b... 

HnorAa a AyMaio: „TojibKO 6h ona 6HJia. c^acTJiHBa! IlycTb. 
He BHAHTB npaBAH, nycTb jnDdnrb h bb caMofi jitoCbh HaxoAHTb. 
c^acTbe. A a oTOiJAy bI) CTopony h 6yAy AoatHBaib b'b moji- 
HarnH". 

Bee 9T0 BpoMa a AyMaji'b TaKi>. Oiroro h ne nncaji'b, oTTora 
H Tenepb ne Mory HKcaxb. 

C. P. 

XXVIII 

HexepCyprij. 5 Mapxa. 

j^ixH AaBHo cnaxT>. Bee xhxo. fl OAHa. Orpamno h Ceanpo- 
cBtxHo xomho Ha Aynii; MHCJib o CMepxH ne oxxoahxb otl mchh. 
A a He xony cnepxH, a Coiocb ee. SI xony 5KHXb h :KHXb KaK'b. 
MoatHO nojiH-he h AOJibme; xony jiioCbh, xony cnacxba, xo^y 
BcaKHXi), BcaKHX-b paAOCxeK cbohxtE) h nyacnxB, xony BHAtxb, 
ocyn];ecxBJieHie Monx'b BaMHCJioBB... A AtJia axoro nyacHo acHXb. 
AOJiro, AOJiro. 

BaMixHJiH BH, MOK Aoporofi ApyrB, hxo nd^M-b 6ojibme xa- 
ateJiaro Ohjio B'b ^h3hh, x^M'b Coji-fee ^ejiOB'feK'b i^'fenjiaexca sa, 
:KH3Hb. TaKb H a. Bh, KoneHHo, noAynaexe, hxo Cbijio y nena 
xaacejiaro B'b 5kh3hh. Mnoro, oneHb MHoro... 51 ne juofijiio roBO- 
pnxb oC'b axoMij, ho ceroAHa Mena xanex'b CecfeAOBaxb c^h BaMH 
o ceCi... O^eHb ym'b xhxo KpyroM'b h a OAHa... Xonexca Hcno- 
B'feAaxbca, xonexca Kaaxbca... 

IIpemAe Bcero — y Mena 6hjio rpycxHoe a'^tcxbo h axo BcerAa. 
AaexTb xox'b MpaHHHiJ cxpofi AyniH, KOxopH^ Bacb xaK'b yAH- 
BjiaJi'b Bo MH'fe. OcHOBa Moe^ AymH — rpycxb. 

Pa3'b, no noBOAy Moero nopxpexa peCeHKOMB, bh CKaaajin: 

— KaKaa bh xyxb jKajiKaa. 

9xoxaE> nopxpexi, 6um> CA'feJian'b B'b xox'b toab, KorAa oxei^T^ 
GpocHJi'b nacb c-h MaMofl! H KaK'b OpocHJi'b! IIpHBea'b nacb CDAa. 
HSB Hamero OpjioBCKaro HM-fema — fa^ mh skeljlvl ao xix'b nop-b — 


V 


OBOPBAHHAa HEPEnHCKA. 85 

ycTpoHJiT) Han't KBaprnpy h ofi'baBHJi'b, hto Sfl'fecb naHHeTca no- 
Baa ^H3Hb. 

MaMa pajiOBadiacb, , KaK'b pefienoKi). IIocjrfeAHie toah a-JM 
Has cb AepeBHea 6hjio cBaaaHo cjiHinKOM'b MHoro MHceJiHX'b 
BnenaTJiimfi: nooroaHHoe OTcyrcTBie OTiia, KaKie-TO cjiyxH, ^to- 
TO neacHoe h TpeBOSKHoe. ^H3Hb b-b HeTepCyprt noKaaaJiacb 
'e^ pacM-b; ona paci^B'fejia; ycTpaHBajia hoboc acHJibe BMicTi cb 
OTi^oMX, nocToaHHo isAHJia KyAa-TO c^h hhmb, saKynajia, xjio- 
noTana. Meaa ceftnacb me oTAajiH bb rHMHaairo, h a T05Ke 6HJia 

OHCHb AOBOJIbHa. Mh COfiHpaJlHCb BTpoeMX KX oCtAy ^ BCi H BCC 

KpyroM'b ciaJio: h Hosaa nocyAa, h HOBaa jiaMna, h mh Bcfe 
<5hjih ocoOeHHO ciaroiiUe. 

Hepes'b ABa M-hcai^a OTCii'b oft'baBHJi'b, hto eMy neoexoAHMO 
Kj'b'feBAHTb BB HMinie. Mh npoBOAHJiH ero h BamHjm BABoeMi)... 
Cnanajia mh nojiynajiH nncbMa otb nero h MaMa mh* pascKa- 
BHBajia HHXi), noTOM'b ona BHAyMHBajia, hto nojiynajia hx-b, 

BHAyMblBaJia BCfe Tfe fffeatHHa CJIOBa, KOTOpHXI) a TaKB HCTep- 

irfejraBo 5KAaJia orb nann. Si HHHero He noAOBpisajia h hocto- 
>HHH0 cnpamHsajia: 

— KorAa Hce OH-b npiiflierb? 

MaTb oTB'feHajia neonpeAiJieHHO. Ho a, onaTb-iaKH, hh o 
HOMi* He AoraAHBajiacb, 

H BOTb, KorAa paa'b MaMa npa MHi nojiy^HJia uHCbMO otb 
oma — a cpasy yanajia npasAy h ne saCyAy aiofi MnnyTH hh- 
KorAa. 

MaTb CTSJia HHTaib nzcbMo, ocTanoBHJiacb h na^ajia nepe- 
HHTHsaTb ero CHona h BCJiyxB: 

^Mfffe ciajio CTHAHO oCMaHHBaTb Te6a, H a pimHorb cKaaaTb 
Tefi* BCH) npaBAy..." 

Ona TaKi) aapHAajia h TaKB HeHCTOBO-oT^aaHHO noBTopajia 
9T0 cjioBo: „npaBAy! npaBAyl** ^to a 6pocHjiacb K'b neft, crajia 
i^'fcjiOBaTb ee, ycnoKOHsaTb... 51 ne snajia, ^ito A^JiaTb, KaK'b yrfe- 
niHTb ee, h nanajia njiaKaxb BMicrfe cb Hero h cpaay nonajia, 
HTO y Mena Cojibme H-ferb oTi^a. A MaTb, bhah Moe rope, BHjia 
co^yBCTBie ea ropro, aaCHJia, ^rro a peOenoK'b, h npoHJia MH-fe 
Bce HHCbMo oTi^a.' Offb Kaajica, hto a^bho ofiMaHHBaerb ee, hto 
y Hero ecrb BTopaa ceMba h hto Tenepb, KorAa onpeA'feJiH- 
jiocb name MaTepiajibHoe nojioacenie — ohb, naKonem'b, p'bniHJica 
cKasaTb Bcro npaBAy- Offb nncajix, hto npoAaji'b HMinie h no- 
cejiHJica HaBcerjia wh npoBHHi^in... IIoapoChocth nncbMa, mo- 
ateTb 6HTb, ycKOJibBHyjiH otb Mena, ho a noaajia rjiaBHoe: nana 
CpocHJTb nacB AJia Apyrolt ;KeHH, AJia Apyrnxi A*Teif, h hto 
TO rjiy6oKo-ocKop6HTeJiBHoe najierfejio na Mena. 
^ - Mh, fiHBajio, HJiaKajiH cb MaMOft it-hJinMH BenepaMH, noKa 
ne BacHnajiH BM-fecrfe cb nefi Ha oAHOlt nocTejiH. H cnnrajia 
MaTB yme ne mojioaoU, 3;oTa eft 6hjio TorAa TpnimaTb Asa 


'yOOKOl BOFATCTBO. 

flCTsa H MaiepiajibHo itu He C-feflCTBOBajiH, 
■feacTBOBajiR yacacHO. OaH'b, bt> ^yatowK 
I, Ceat ^ipysefi, ci nocrojJHHHM'b ropeM'B 
aci 3HaK0Mue b-b ITerepCyprfe, ho u&tk 
laa roBopHTb oO'l oritt. Korfla o HeMi». 
EoflHo oTBinaJia. HTO owb BaHsn. Bt fle- 
u^fleTL. H a noifHH), Kam. Ha sonpocB: 
fh HeTepOyprB? 


1 HaMOIt Jirajia h, br sannHaacb, 0TB'1b~ 

■Ch: 3fl0pOBl.H OTIja, OO'L cro fl'tJiai'B. 

I ABa. a Oajia yate bi. TpeTteMt KJiaccti 

atHBHb KEKli-TO HBM-feHHJiacb, T01H0 OCBt- 

QjrfeBaTbCfl HapaflHie, Bu^satajia ii npH- 
:!> coCHpajiacb no BTopHRKaiH), HHorita 
BT. KapTU. OOi. oiqi yate ne cnpaiira- 
TOJibKO B-b rnMHasiii npHxoflHJiocb em© 
b. 

b BflBOeM'b cb MaTepbHi, iTO HacTpoeHie 
peflaBajiocb h flpyrofl. H ea cnoKoHcTBie 
Cb H Ha Mfli, H UHt crajio cnoKoflHO h 
BCL H apysba, H MBJite Bctxi n-^fl mgha 
BHTb EBJiameBi. Koraa ohi npHxoaHJTB 
s ciaHOBHJiocb cnoKOIlHO. Bci 3a6oTK, set 
reflcKia TpeBOJiHema yjiaatHBajraci> hm-l 
MaMa 6HBajia 03a6o^eHa T^M-b nnOynb 

lerii HBaHi) /^uHrpieBH'i'b... 
imajiH H He npeanpHHHMajm Oest coB^Ta 
)ffb nCKajTbHaui* Aa^y, nepeB03HJi'L nacb, 
13^ ropofla, saBajreHHUd bcakhmh noKyn- - 
i, khhh(kh; BHUofl OBI) KarajHj Haci, bo- 

tMBHUOBajTb nOpTHHX'L, oO-BaCHaJICfl Cb xo- 

EWJTL mBfiHitapa... H OajroBajiij nacL Kb - 
■h Cujio TycKJio H, rjiBBHoe, CTpamHO. Ci, 

BM'b BeceJIO H nOKOflHO. 

rb rofla flBa; bi eymKOCTH — Jiynmie roflu 
^To nocjri... 

Bant Bce, noaroMy Hannmy h to, ^to 
SKor^a He cKaaana cjioBauH HmcoMy, A&^e 
Tb nHTHafluaTb... a BepnyjiacL h3i. fhm- 
i — npomjia npsMO k* uairfe. ^sepb bi> ea- 
3a, H a. He mejiaa cjiymaTb h Aaace He 
iTHTb, BHpyrb ycjiHxajia: 


u ^ 


OBOPB AH HAH nEPEHHOK A . 1 7 

— no^KEjiyflcTa, MaHH, Ces-L HpaBoyHeHift! Th anaenib, KSiKb 
B He jik>6jik) hx-l. 

HSI) ABepH BHeimaJIT) HBaH'B J^MHTpieBIIH'B, KpacHHit, pa3- 

UpaaceHHHllr, ne noa/^opoBaJicfl c# MHOia h yl&xajTL. 

MaMa yAHBHJiacb mh*, ho cnoKOflHo, Ka.Kh Bcer^a, noi^iJio- 
sajia MeHfl h CTajia pascnpamHBaTb oC'b ypoKax-B. A a Bomjia 
KT) Hett, TOHHO omnapeHHaji; h o^fflyTbca He Morc)ia OT-b cjih- 
maHHHX'b cjioB'b H hbhrtj He noBHHOBajics MHt. MaTb npHCxa- 
Bajia Ko MH'b cb myxKaMH h coBepmeHHo cnoKoiaHo CKasajia: 

— BipoHTHO, TH nojiyHHJia ABOtoy... 

— IIo^eMy? 

— Th caMa He cBoa... 

H ymjia Kb ceG'fe h paapHAajiacb. Moa cBflTaa MaMa, cxpa- 
^ajiHi^a, TaKan ^mcTan h HeiiocaraeMaa, ja. qtotl ''KpacHHf!, tojj- 
cTHfi HBamb JB.MHTpieBHH'b!.. KaKi^ oht> Kpnnaji'b! H 9th cjiona: 
„MaHa", „TH" — mrjiH Menn KaK-b orneMi), a nepeBopanHBaJia 
nTh Ha Bct JiajiH, hto6h ^axb hmI) KaKoe-HH6yab oCibacHeHie 
H onpaBAame. 

MaHH — HMH MaMH, TaKi) SBajii) ee OTeui'b; BHa^nrb HBanb 

j^MHTpieBHH'b... 

„Th!" 9Toro He mofjio 6HTb... PasBi nocjii axoro MaMa 
Morjia 6h TaK'b cnoKOfiHO roBopHTb h myTHTb co MHOfi[. 

H .yfi-bmAaJia ceCn, hto MH'fe noKasajiocb Bce 9to h htd a 
He cjmxajia nn^ero, ho BApy rb bT) ymax-b hcho paBAanaJica 
xpHHJibna OTT) BOJiHeniH rojiocb HBana J]|MiiTpieBHHa, ii Mena 
•naTb BCK) oOAaBajio mapoM'b h h onaTb Ha^HHajia pn^axb orb 

fl He Mory BSiWb onpe^'fejiHTb, hto coCcTBeHHO nepe^HJia a 
btd 9TH HicKOJibKo HacoBT., HO Kor^a, BO BpeMa'o6tAa, npi'fexaji'b 
liBan-b J^MHTpieBH^i) — mh* xorfejiocb CpocHibca h aaAyniHTb 
ero. A Korfla MaMa, Me^^y iiponHMi), Becejio CKaaajia: 

— 3HaeTe, HBaHi) ^MHTpieBHH'b, a nomajiijia ceroAHa, hto 
BH He aKTepi)... KaK'b bh TajiaHTJiHBo npeACTasHJiH ,aTy cuieHy 
€!> Manefi... IIpeKpacHO.-. 

S{ yme ne BtpHJia ett. Majio Toro: a yBHAajia, msiR'h ona 
yMteT-b 6e3C0B'fecTH0 jiraxb! 

Ob BTHXt nop'b Bi) Hameit 5kh3Hh tohho xpecnyjio hto- 
To. Bee noBHAHMOMy ocTaJiocb, KaK-b npe^A©, a Bci nyBCTBo- 
BajiH TpemHHy. Kor^a npHxeAHJix HBaHi* ^MHTpieBHH'b — a niJia 
K-b .ceGt saHHMaTbca, hjih yxoAHJia Kh noApyraM-b. Y Mena na- 
^ajiacb CBoa acHSHb h aTo Mena My^HJio. A rJiaBHoe My^HJio, 
1T0 a He Morjia 6HTb HCKpenHefl: cb Maiepbio h ne BtpHJia hh 
OAHOMy ea cjiOBy. /]|a5Ke ecjiH ona roBopnjia npaBAj — a CTapa- 
-^acb HaflTH Bi> Heft Jiomb. Kor^a ona yfesmajia h roBopHjia 
Mfffe, ^To •feAex'b Kb 3HaKOMoa— a AyMOJia: „onaTb jiJKeT'b! Ona 
'tAeT'b KTb HBany ^MHTpicBii^y". 




88 pyOCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

Maib ciapajiacb CajiopaTb Mena, ;^'fejiajia noAapKH, OA^sajia 
noHTH CoraTO. H ^'hwb ^opome 6um> noAapoK'b, ^'hwh Hapaa- 
Hte nJiaxbe — TfeM-B Taateji'fee 6hjio mh^. fl noAoaptBajia, hto 
3a HHX'f> njiaiHTL UssLWh /^MHTpieBH^i), H 3T0 CTpamHo pa3Apa- 
Mcajio MGHH npoTHB'B MaiepH, xoTfl H jiH)6HJia ee Cojibnie BctxT> 
H Bcero Bi) Mipi. fl npocTo BOBHenaBHA'&ia HBana J^MnrpieBH^a, 
Hama sRRSKh CTajia aAOikfL. Mana see BpeMH nepBHE'iajia, h 
HBany /JJMHTpieBHHy CTajio CKynHO cb nefl, aBHJiacb paaapaatH- 
T^JibHocTb H Tpe6oBaTejibHocTb — KaK-B HeH36'featH0 CHBaerb npn 
AOJiPOji'feTHHX'b 6jiH3KHX'b oTHomeHiHX'b. MaTb raroTHJiacb aTHMI>, 
a BMicTfe Cb T'bM'b Aep^tajiacb 3a nero oOtHMH pynaMH. 

fl OKOHHHJia rHMHa3iK) H He 3Hajia Ky^a A'^Tbca OTb ji;kh, 
HHHero HCAiJiama h tockh. Maib npcAJiOHCHJia mbA nociyiiHTb 
B-b pHcoBajibHyK) mKOJiy, h a cb paAocTbio yxBaTHJiacb 3a 3to. 
Bx THMHasiH y Mena naxoAHJiH cnocoCnocTH K'b pHCOBaniK), ho, 
BT) cymHOCTH, HXi) He 6hjio: KajKAHft, yHHBmiaca pHCOBaTb, mo- 
merb pHcoBaib TaKi., KaKX pncoBaJia xorAa a. Ho mh^ 6hjio 
TaKi> Ta5Kejio AOMa, Mena TaK-b xaroTHJiH nepBHaa JirofioBb Maiibr, 
ea eaceMHHyTHHa 3a6oTH o6o mh^, ea npncTaBanba, k&kl K'b 
MajieHbKoiJ, H fiajiOBCTBo, ^To a ciy paAOCTfcK) yxBaTHJiacb 3a 

MHCJIbO mKOJI'fe. 

CKopo 5KH3Hb B'b BooCpaateHlH TaK'b 3axBaTHJia Mena, hto a 
CT> ropeM'b B03Bpamajiacb K'b peajibHOjtt acH3HH. yBJieneme hc- 
KyccTBOMii, rhwb HCKyccTBOM'b, 3a KOTopoe BH HaBHsaeTe Mena 
Tatoolt AeKa>[ieHTKOit, — CA^Jiajio jxjisi Mena npaBAy h^hshh — M'fc- 
ntancKOfi, HeKpacHBOft, nomjiolt. H, nanpHM'fepTb, npaBAa nepe- 
ABHJKHHKOB'b crb Hx^b ropeM'b H pyccKOfi HenpnrjiaAHOlt A'fctt- 
CTBHrejibHOCTbK) — Btiroptjiaa A^peBHa, rpaBHHa, paxHTHHecKia 
a4th, CpoAHPH H apecTaHTH— ciajianyraTb h paBApaacaxb Mena. 
51 He xoTfejia 3HaTb ee, He xoTtjia BHA^Tb ee... Ba^'feM'b? Si pac- 
npocTpaHHJia AaJibme 9Ty 6oa3Hb npasAH^ h Bce ^to yKpamaerb 

5KH3Hb, CKyHHyH) H 6'feAHyK) mH3Hb HeJIQFfeHeCKyK)— CTaJIO MH.1IO 

Mwh. A OAHO HB-b TaKHX'b yKpaniemit — HecoMHinHO Jioacb. ToJibKo, 
fijiaroAapa eia, h momcho eme cymecTBOBaTb Ha cBiTt, tojibko 
ona OAHa h cnacaerb enje OT-b y^aca ;kh3hh. 

K'b MaxepH a CTajia oTHocHTbca cnoKoteie h Aofip'fee, a no- 
Hajia, HTO ona HHKOMy ne M'feinajia CBoeft srhlselio bo jdkh. H 
a He HMijia HHKaKoro npana yjiH^aib ee. IIpaBAa — repoiicTBO 
coBcbM-b HenpHM'feHHMoe H Aa5Ke cM'feniHoe B'b nanieK cfepeHb- 
Kofi 5KH3HH. Ona— Bpari> oCmemnTia, Bpar'b Mnpa bx ceMbt, 
Bpar-b Bcero, 3a ^to mh Bct TaK'b Acp^KHMca. 

Tenepb, KorAa MH'b npaxoAHTca cepbe3Ho AyMaxb o bochh- 
TaniH CTapmaro CHBa — a nocroaHHo HaTajiKHBaiocb na aTorb 

BOnpOCT). 

Ho a yniJia B'b CTopony. Mn'fe xoneTca roBopHTb Ban-b o ceO^b, 


' ■-■" t'^ ^ 


OBOPBAHHAa DEPEBHCSA. 

o uoelt atH8HH. Si b'l taKOM'L noKanHHOATb HacTpoeHiH, 
nepeffL CMeprLio... 

TpH roAa Vb UTKOJi't, TpH roaa yBJieiema HCKyecTBOM 
rtJiH OoflKO H apKO... Y ueea 6wrb cboS Epy:KOK'b n tm 

jiAOBaJIH, KaaWTCa, ZCKpeHHO, TTO HCKyCCTBO Ao^atHO 

3JiHTb 3a6uBaTb acHSHb... Mu HHTajiH, nepeBoAHJiH aer; 
KHHTH, H a A'bacTBHTeJibHo HE saiffenajia atasHH. Bhjih j 
yBJie<ieBlH: h a yBJieKajiacB, z MBoa yBJieKansCb, ho Bce 
npejiijiaxi. yxaacHBaHifl aa npHjmTHOfl Oapunmefl. 

Bt. Sto BpeMH HBaHT. JjMHrpieBHTL nepetxajiT. Bt I 
H MaMa ocTanacb ouhhokoB. Ho a He JKa^rfejia ee h fi 
no npeatHeMy, fipocaJia flJia niKOJia, ajm Trema, ana t 
A KorAa BHKTopi> CAtnaJii. mh* npcAJioJKeHie — a, hh i 
He saAyMUBaacb, ociasHJia MaTb HaBcerAa. A B'j^Ab n i 
ee, a Kh atCHHxy OTaocHjiacb noHTH paBHOAyniHo. 

JIa, npoBtpaa ceOa Tenepb, s snacy, hto TorAa bo i 
6ujio jik)6bh s.-b BEKTopy. Oh^ hh^^ epaBEJicH, uirib 6\ 
nBWb secejio h a Otuia oneHb paaa, KorAa ohi. CKasajr 
^To jiK)6Hrb Mena. PaAa, ho ho c^acTJiHsa! 

Mu nosBaKOMZjmcb cl bhmii y oabhxI) aHaicoMux'L, k; 
CtuiH npHrJiaraeHH oOtsaib. Hacb cnyiaflHO nocaAHjm p 
itn cpt^y HanajiH 6ojiTa'n> Becejio h HenpHHy»cAeHHO u 
pascraBajincb hh Ha UHHyry, hh b'l aronrt, Be'qep'L, hh 
cjitAywHtie. 9to (Shjio na PoasAecrfio, a fb (foBpajrfe i 

B'feH^ajIHOb. 

BHKTopi. roBopHJii., 1T0 BJiioOHJiCfl Bt MeHJi ceftiai 
KaKt yBHAfeii>, B .yate aa oOtAOMi. ptmwji'b, tto a Oy, 
ateHOfi. H HH^ero ne p-femajia, ho AyMaio, ito uojiwOHJia 
pasAO noaate, aa to h npoHH-fee. 

IlepBHlt rofli cynpyHcecTsa npoine.Trb AJia wena o^en 
OOpaSHO Z CKJHHO. npzoiJiocb MHoro flyuaTb o MtHTeJtCS 
a se npHBHKJia kti sToacy, h b* ayrai ciBTana ceOa 
BCbx-L atH3HeHHHXi> Mejio^eH. MyMfL, nacKOJibKO Mon>, 
jiajTb Mena otb hhxi>. OhT) Ohji'l aaOorjiHB'b, npeAynpcAH 

,H HeoOHKHOBeHHO BHHMaTeJieHl.. BHKTOpl) HST. TitTb My: 

KOTopue, JiMfla, He BHAart HHKoro z nmero, Kpout cbo 

CZMOfl. OOUKHOBftHHO 3T0 HpOAOJMtaeTCH HeAOJIFO. HeAojir 

H y BzKTopa; ho nepBue nojiTopa roAa Hamero !OpaKa 
OTXOAZJi'b oTt HCHfl HH Ha man., He cnycKajit cb Mena 
z JioBHJi'B neh moz mejiama. Cza^sjia 3to pasApii^ajio 
noTOM'fa a npBBHKJia h Korja a noTepajia aTO — a yBHAa, 
a noTfepajia. H, cana Toro He aahrfenaa, TaKi. npaBaaaji 
Myaty, ito see ocrajibHoe — h Maib, h yBJie^eme HCKyccn 
BGa MOfl nponiJiaH stHBEb— KasajiHCb ttwk „TaKi.", Meam, 
HRMt, oatzAameM-L ^ero-TO rjiaBzaro z eAUHCTBeHzaro. '. 
Topa Ha^anncb Kaida-TO fffejia, oh^ crajTB ^acTO yfeaaa.' 





so P3XCK0E BOrATCTBO. 

lOMy, H fl TocKOBajia h bT) tock* naxoAMJia paAOCTb jik)6bh. 
Tenepb Bce, Bce 6hjio oKpameHO 9to^ jiioCobbk) h ^khshb Bflpyrb 

npHHHJia HOBHit CMHCJTB, TJiyCOKif! H BMiCTi CT) TiM-B npocTOft 

H acHHa. Bcfe coMH'feHiH, HCKaHia, yBJie^eHiH KaaajiHCb Hejrfe- 

HHMH H HeHy^KHHMH. HySKHO mHTb! BOTB OAHO, ^TO fl 3HaJia. A 
SaWIh — SHaHHTb JIK)6HTb H 6HTb JlIoCHMOft... fl JIOJTTO BipHJia, 

MTO JiK)(5HMa. Ho 3a to, Kor^a MH'b nociapajiHCb OTKpHTb rjiaaa, 
a ^Tb cbyMa ne comjia. H h eme pa3T> npomiajia npaBAy! JJfi 

QTOTO MySKTb MOP-L MWh TOBOpHTb BCe, HTO BMy 6hJI0 yrOflHO, H 

H BtpHJia H 6HJia CHacTJiHBa axoia B^polt... A lenepb... 

H SI oTh peBHocTH, OT-b HeHCTOBofi 3Jio6h, KHntBineft B-b 
^ynrfe — CA'feJiajia ra^ocTb, ymacHyio raAOCTb... 

IIOMHHTe, pa31> MH CH;^'feJIH Cb BaMH B^BOeMl); BH MH* TO- 1 

BopHJiH Bamett jik)6bit, roBopn^iH, hto JiroCnTe bo MH-fe acHOCTb ! 

rjia3'b, iiCHocTb coBtcTH, cKasajiH, ^TO a Bcejiaio BaM'b nojiHoe 
flOBipie. 

— IlOCJlt TOia JIJKKTBOCTH, Ha KaKyK) HaTOJIKHyJICil a B-b 3KH3- 

HH, CKaaajiH bh, ^jia Mena 0Tpazi;a BCTpiTHTb TaKoro HHCTaro 

^eJIOBtea, KdiKh BH. 

H xorfcjia nepeM^HHTb pasroBopob h nojiymyTa CKa3ajia 

BaM'b! , , 

— Bh Mena He 3HaeTe... 51 jiry h oGManHBaio, KdiKb Bcb. 
TojibKO A^JiaK) 9T0 noHCKycH'fee, h^mtj apyrie. 

Bh ^o6JI'fe;^H'hJIH h 3aM0JiHajiH. XIotom'b mh 3aroBopHjiH, ho 
yace ne 060 uwh, A yxo^a bh cnpocHJiH MCHa cepbesHO h npocxo: 

— Bh HHKor^a ne HSMinajiii Mymy? 

a B03MyTHJiaCb aTHM-b BOnpOCOMI) H OTBiTHJia BaM'b O^eHb 

pisKO. Bh ciajiH npocHTb y Mena npomenia, hto hosbojikjih 
«€6'fe TaKoii Bonpocb. 

— Bo Bcfexi) Hacb CHAHTb nom.nocTb. . . BaM'b ne nonaTb Ta- 

KOa HHCTOTH.. 

51 MOJi^ajia. 

H 6e3C0B'fecTH0 cojirajia BaM'b Tor^a. 

B. H. 

XXIX. ' ' 

Typbii FopH, 8 Mapra. 
IPsLjjfi Bora noKOH^iiTe Bame nncbMo. HHKaKaa npaB^a He 
uomerb Cnrb y^Kacn-fee noAOsp'tnift h coMfffenift. 

C. P. 

XXX. ^ ^ 

nexepCyprTb, 13 wapxa. — .^ 
jnioporoft Cepr'fefi HjibH^'b! 
Hocji'feOTee Moe nncbMO a nncajia aoBC'feM'b HenopMajibHaa. 


i 


/ 


OBOPBAHHAH UEPBnHCKA. 91 

Hy^i> yfexajiT) b-b Btny, a Tejierpa(|)HpoBaji'i> mh* h3t> Hhi^uh, 
; tro J^'feJIa cjiy^afiHO saKHHyjiH ero na PHBbepy. Si sHaio, ^to 
' (BHa^aeTt 3to „cjiy^altHo", snaro, ^to Ky^HHCKyio oTnpaBHJiH b^b 
I |E[qi];y, h bh nofiMeie, hto Tn-fejiaeTca bo MHt. H He cnajia ni- 
, /^KOJiLKo HO^efi H BT) o^Hy TaKyio HO^B HanHcajia BaMx... Ka- 
\ keTCH, H HaroBopHJia BaMTE> MHoro jiHiUHflro npo Many, npo moh) 
GiAHyK), noKofiHyK) MaMy. H npo ceCa a naroBopHJia rjiynocxeiJ 
H HHKorAa He npon^y ceOi 9Toro. H 6HJia btj TaKOMTb nacrpoe- 

HiH, B'b KaKOM-B, BtpOHTHO, 6HBaK)T'B, KOF^a CBO;^arB C^eTH CB 
5KH3HbH),— XOTijIOCB BCH) AyUiy BHHyTB, BCfe CBOH paHH HOKa- 

3aTb... TaKyK) HcnoBi^B — mo5kho HanncaTb, ho nocHJiaxB ee ne 
Hy5KH0. fl nocjiajia h xenepb, Kor^a OTHaanie yMOJimio, Kor;ia 
a on^Tb BTb MacK'fe ^ecTHoii h cnacTJinBoft ^enbi — a npocTHTB 
cefii He Mory, sa^iM'B nocjiajia BaM-B to hhcbmo. Bn^epKHHre 
ero H3B Bameft naMaxH, KaK-B 6yAT0 ero ne 6hjio, h Aana^Te nepe- 
HHCHBaibca nonpeHCHCMy. IIpo ce6a, t. e. npo Ayniy cbok), npo 
npomjioe, npo paHH — roBopHTb He Cy^y. JlraTB BaMTE> — a ne xo^y, 
a roBopHT-B npaBAy ne Mory, ne yMifeio... 

OAHa MHCJiB, ^To a Mory noTepaTB TaKoro xopomaro Apyra, 
KaKX BH, npHBOAHTB MeHH BTb OT^aaflie... 

14 Mapxa. 

y Mena neaAopoBH a'^th: KopB, 

. BojiisHB He onacnaa, roBopaT^B, neoSxoAHMaa, ho oneHB xa- 

atejiaa h CKy^naa: a orpiaaHa ot-b Bctx'B 3HaK0MHxaE>. H TeaxpH 

^jra Mena saKpHTa: a ne CHHTaio ce6a B'B npaBi paanocHTB sa- 

•pasHHa CojrfesHH. H a cnacy b'b TeMHoia KOMnaT'fe y KpoBaTOK-B 

BaCH H BoBH CB MOHMH OeSKOHenHHMH AyMaMH, CB MOeit OAH- 

HOKo:a TOCKOlt. OahhokoK! FoBopaTi) — ecjm ecTB a'^th, to jkch- 
in^HHa He ojiHHOKa. Ho pasBi a'^th KorAa-lsHCyAB noiaMyT^B MaTB? 
A 3a6oTH Hnx^B? roBoparB ypaBHOB'femeHHHe jih)ah, saCoTti 
HanoJiHaK)TT> 5kh3hb h A'fe'iiaroT'B ee ocMHCJieHHOfi. Kama saOoTH? 

BCJIH 6hTB AOCpOCOBtCTHOit MaTepBK) — 3HaHHT'B BCTaBaTB B'B 

eeMB HacoBi) yrpa, cha^tb na KopTOHKax'B, oA^Baa A'feTelt, hh 
aa MHHyTy ne otxoahtb otb* hhx'b, roBopHTB cb hhmh o tom-b, 

ITO HXt HHTepecyeTX, H rfeM'B aSbOCOMB, KOTOpHia HM'B noHa- 
?eHT>, 3a6HTB COBCfeM-B Ce6a, CBOH AyMH, CBOH) yCTajIOCTB, CBOH 

SojiH. Kto H3'b nacB cnocoOen'B na 3to? H — KaiocB — ne cnocoGna. 
Jh SHaeTO, KaK'B a oCosKaio mohx'B MajiBHHKOB'B. Ho a He Kop- 
nrjia hx-b (a 6HJia AOJiro GoJiBna nocji'fe oGohx-b) h hh oahofo 
HH He 6HJia HXT) naHBKOfl. H ne Mory nrpaTB cb hhmh JX'hjiHA 
eHB, He Mory cTopoamTB hx'b coh-b BecB Benepi* h bck) ho^ib. 
CJIH a noHrparo cb a^tbhe ^acB-ABa — a coBepmeHHO pa36H- 
tH jioatycB H oTAHxaro H'fecKOJiBKo nacoBTb. HnorAa mhcjib 
t^eT'B KyAa-HH6yAb otb tofo, ^to a paacKasHBaio HM'B, h Baca 
pe6HTb Mena 3a pynaB'B h roBopn'PB. 
— MaMa! HpocHHCB. 


L 


92 PyOCEOE BOTATOTBO. 

HflBfl upeKpaoHO yxascHsaerb aa hhmh, aanHMaen. HXt, a 
OHH npHBflsaHU KO MH^ He ueHbme, i'&M'L r'& Heft. H c^acr- 

JIHBa 9THMT. H JIIofijIH) RTb C5e3KOHe^HO... 

H BceraKH nycTO h o;ihhoko... A a Coiocb oflHHonecTBa xy»te 
Bcero Ha catrfe... fl flOJiMtna nocTOSHHO 3a0oiBTf.cfl o KOifb-Hn- 
Cyab, atJiaTh iTo-nnfiyab, OopoTtca, ,ioOHBaTbca... 

H BcnoMHHaio sauiH cjiOBa: 

— Ba TaK-L naOHBaexe Bamii aeHt bcakzmh xjionoraMH, 
safioraMH h BOJiHemjiMH o nyatHxi. a'bJiax'B, tohho xoiHre 6b- 
awTb oT'b cefiji, 0T£ CBoefl iiynm, on. CBoero a. 

Mffb He noHpaBHjiocb Torfla, ^ro bh cKaaajiH. Mat xorb- 
jiocb HMeHHO oTb Bacb noflflepHtKH Mfffe, MoeMy atjiy, HOeuy 
zcKpeHHeMy ^ejiaHiio ne npoatHTL atH3Hb ;iapou'i., 6e3T. nonbSH, 
Oeaii paaocTH nsonawh... fl soKorAa He aaOyay, KaKt CKaaajia 
MHt OAHa 6ojibHaH i5a6a: 

— Tajfb H acHBBM'b Mu Bct Seat nocji-fejcTBifl... 

Bt 9THXI. CM-feniHHXT) CJlOBaXT. — rjiyOoHfl H Mpa^HHl! 
CMHCJTb... 

Bu He pasi) noBTOpflJiH mh'I^: 

— Bcfc 3TH fltjia H aaci/tanifl, h xnonom HyatHH Bam. 
KaKT) n&flHHtit BoiiKa. BaMi> HeoOxoflHMO aaOurb ce6a, yflflTB 
OTL ceOa H BH Ha6aBaeTe ceOt rojiosy lyaraMH hucjihuh p 

qyatHMH CJIOBaMH, HTOCh HC CJIUXaTI. CBOHXI. C06CTBeHHHX'L... 

HeyaceJiH bh npasH? HeyacejiH a, htoCh yOtatarb otl CBoet 

COB-feCTH, on. CBOerO Cepma, HanaUESB) MKHBHb BHflyMaHHHMl 

ofiaaaHHOCTHMH? HeyacejiH H lyn. Koraa-HHCynb npaBfla Bcra 
Hen. nepeao mhoU m oTHHMerB on. Mena nocjrfeflnee yrbme 
me, — HTO a atHBy He aapoMi.? HeystejiB? 

B. ^. 
PS. noataayflcTa, paaopBHre H 3a6yAbTe to Moe hhcbmo, rjiX 
a HHcajia npo MaTb. H ne HM^a npana xam. roBopHTb o nefl. 
Oaa yMepaa h ynecaa Cb coOoio h OBOfl rptxi., h cbok) oTB-feT- 

CTSeHHOCTb. 

XXXI. ^ ■ 

nerepCypn., 25 Mapra. 

Ceprfefl ILnbH'ii.! 

IIo^eMy BH MoaiHTe? Mena Myian. MHcab, tto bh CojitHM:. 
IIoacajiyacTa, HanHinHre, tto 9to He TaKi.. 

nnniHTe mh* npo ceOa, npo EropyniKy, npo BjiacbeBHy, 
Bce, Bce. Bm stflb anaere, tto Bce sacb Kacawmeeca i5jih3K0 MH-fe 

Myact oCiuiajTb Bepnyrbca ki iiBaflitaTOMy, ao ao cHx-t 
nopi. ero wbrh. IIocfffeflHee nHCbuo ero Cuao laKoe MpaiHtsi^ 
TaK^ nojiHO OesnoMomHOCTH h ropa, hto a ne BUflepatajia, tx* \ 
cjiaaa sa naeMaHHHqeH Jlnsofl. Oaa Bce snaen., mhofo cjxt 


OBOPBAHHAH HEPEIIHOKA. 93 

irnrb h HMterb KaKHX'b-TO o6iii;hx'b SHaKOMHX'B cl Ky^HH- 
cicofl. Si 3a6H;jia CBoe caM0«JiH)6ie h nopy^HJia elt ysnaTb, KaKi> 
iia.eTT> BHSAopoBJieme aToft oco6h. B^epa a nojiy^HJia ot'b nen 
ianncKy, hto m-Ue Ky^HHCKan CesHaAemna h e^a jih Bep- 
3eTc;a Bi> PocciK). 

HeymejiH h ofl ocTaHCTCH aa rpaHHi^eft? HeyMtejm ohi> 

CpOCHTTb MCHH Cl> A'^TbMH? 

3aMiHajiH BH, ^To HHorAa b-b ceMbax-B noBTopaioTca ^paMH: 
TO, ^TO nepeacHJiH poahtcjih — nepeacHBaioTb h a'^th. Moacerb 

OHTb, 3T0 H He Bl OAH'feX'b ApaMaXT*, a H Bl* CHaCTbt. Ho TaK'b 

KEKTb jjBcb cHacTJiHBH^ ccMbH noxosKH KpjTh Ha Apyra, a 
KaacAaa HecnacTJiHBaa coMba nec^acTJiHBa no cBoeMy" — to 
ApaMH saMiTHte. 

HeymejiH mohh acAerb y^acTb Moeft MaTepn? HeysKejm Bhk- 
TopTb He BepneTca ko mh4? 

Ceprtft HjibEHx, nnmHTe mh*. SI TaK-B OAHHOKa, TaK-b ne- 
cHacTHa. 

B. g. 
XXXII. 

T. FopH, 28 MapTa. 

^H CeacoBicTHO cojirajia BaM-b TorAa". 

BapBapa JIbBOBHa! Paa-bacHiiTe mh* aTy (|)pa3y. H mHTb He 
Mory, noKa ne yaHaro npaBAy. -3 nyBCTByio, hto bh KJieBenijeTe 
Ha ce6a, a MHi, hto6h cymecTBOBaTb, neoOxoAHMO, hto6h 6HJia 
Ha neCi BBisAa, OAHa, acnaa, CB^TJiaa h hto6h a Morb c-b 
Hefl HJiaicaTb h cM^aTbca. H Bjxpyv'h aTofi SBtaAH wbrb, cnpaTa- 
jiacb ona KyAa-TO 3a Ty^y, h a ne rnnBy Borb yme ab^ neA^JiH. 

HannmHTe me mh4 Bce HCKpeHHo; hhhto ho Mo^KeT-b Bacb 

HSM-feHHTb BI> MOHX-b TJiaaaX-b, HHHTO. JSfi. H He MOFJIH BH HH- 

^ero cA'feJiaTb Aypnoro. TojibKO CyAbTe bh co mhoK npaBAHBH 

H HCKpeHHH, KSiKb a Cb BaMH. 

IIoKa He nojiyny orb Bacb OTB^Ta — ne Mory nncaTb BaM-b 

HH O CeOt, HH HOM-b. 

c. p. 

XXXIII. 

IleTepCyprT), 1 anptjia. 
CeroAHa A^Hb ji5kh h a Morjia 6h cojiraTb BaMi* na 3aK0H- 
oMiy ocHOBaniH; ho a ne xony JiraTb. /^obojibho a jirajia ne- 

KorAa BH npaMO h AOB'fepnHBO cnpocHJiH MOHa: H3M'feHajia 
: ^ Myaty? — a cojirajia BaM'b. HoMHHTe: mh CHAtJiH Becb 

• ep'B BABOeM-b, rOBOpHJIH Apy^KCt, CHaCTbH... Bh CKa- 

o Bamefi B'fep'fe bI) Mena... H y nena KaK-b-TO caMH co6ofi: 
:- .-^o.jiHCb rfe cjioBa, tto a Jiry, KaK-b Bcfe. Ho KorAa MH-fe 


y4 PyCCKOB BOl'ATOTBO. 

npHjnJiocb npjiuo oxs'feiaTfc BaMt Ha Bamt. Bonpoci. — npasji 
Cbuia yate crpamna uwk, a a cojirajia... 

^a. 51 iiaM-feaHJia wyacy. HsM'feHHJia Ceai. jiioObh, Oesi. 
flocTH, 6631. oflHOfl ceKyHjjH ciacTfcfl... fl Jirajia uyjKy, jirajia 
TOMy HCJiOB'fcKy, Jirajia cauofl ceOi... 

9to Ohjio lepeai. Tpn rofla nocji-fe Hamefl csa/ibOH... fl 
ysHajia, ^to Myatt HauiHaeTt mh^... h p'femHJia yweperb... j^jw 
Meaa yace HH-^iero ne cymecTBOBajio b^ jkh3Hh; HHHcro, KpoM'b 
o6hhh h ropa... y uyma Chjii. 'apyri, h^kto M.; ohi. aeajTi 
Bcfe noapoOeocTZ ero „poMaHa", h a aacTasjigjia ero nepe^aBarfc 
MHt Hxii H HcuuTUBaJia KaKoe-TO MyiHTejibHoe yfloBJieTBope- 
Hie, iTO OTOTt ffpyvb — npeflaTejiL... H ne aeaio, nnqeMy obi 
npHBiiaajicfl ko Mfffe, oe noHiiMaio, KaK-fa owb nojiioCHjn. Mesn- 
HacT> CBaaajio tto-to laflHoe h aJioOfioe, h Korfla pa3T> — aoaii 
OAHoro ero paacKaaa, a Bcio Ayiuy Buayjia nepeax HRM-b h aa- 
roBopHJia CMepTH — oh-b cKaaaJiij Mai o cboH jiwObh h o pi- 
meHiH yMepeTb BMtcT'fe co MHOfl. Ho mm ne ynepjiH... 

H noniJia Jioatb eiitcMHayTHafl, b-b MejibiaflinHsi) no/ipodEO- 
cTavb (JjajibmHBOfi jtoObh... "Ito 9T0 fiHJia aa uyKa — MH-fe flt 
BHpasHTb saMi)! CnjioDiHafl MyKa, cnjiomHaa Jioacb... 

Korfla ujSK-b CKaaajTb Met npH M., "ito ne Moaten. Gojibine 
ociaBaTbCH Bt JleiepCypr'i, mo jxjia nei'o ohij CTajii. HesHifo- 
ciiiTb H HTO npocHT'b MeHfl HO-fexaTb cb HHMi. sa rpaHimy — H 
sanjiaKajia otl paaocTHj.. Hepea-b Hea-fejiio mh yfexajiH, a eme 
nepeai. Heflijuo yaHajiH o CMepiH M. Ohi. aacTptjiHJiCfl leDeaT. 
fffecKojibKo flHefl nocjr& Hamero or&'fcaAa h hhkto ne ^'■- 
npHHHHH ero caMoyGiftcTBa. BHRTopt, Kor/ia npoiejit o cMepi- 
M., aanjiaKa-iT.... A a... Si h Tyn. He BHjajia ce6s, KaiCb hh 
paay ne BHaajia ceOn saMi.... KorAa bu roBopnjiH awh o uoeii 
npaBflHBOCTH, HHCTOT'fe, o BameB B'fep'fe B'b uma — npaBfla fio- 
pojiacb BO Mwh Cb JioacbH) flo CTpaaamfl, n Bcer^a noO*Ht3a.ia 
jioatb... Tenepb a ne xo^y h ne Mory Oojibme Jiraib. ^■fejiaai* 
ci. 3ToS npaBflofl, ito xothtb, ho apaflTe, hto hhkto HHKor,i» 
He cJiHxajii. ee on. MeHs h ne ycjiuniHTt 9Toro npHanaHiH. 8 
JltJiaio BaMt ero, Tro6H aannaTHTb KaKoH-TO aojirb. 

B. H. 


xxxiy. 

IlerepOyprb, 2 Maa. 
BoTb yate wbcau,!,, KaK-b a nocaajia bawb hoc OeapaacyflHOi 

HIICbMO... 

H HasiiHEJia cefit, HaMi^HHJia jiatH, toK cnacHiejibHofl ajri 

UpH KOTOpofl TOJIbKO H BOBMOmHO CyUlftCTBOBaTb Ha CB^rfc. 

HTO ace H3T. aroro Bunuio? florepa caMoi'o flopororo MB-fe APjri 


OBOPBAHHAA JIBTPSnEGKA. 95 

IIo^eMy BH He nHnijrre MHi? IIoneMy? Hs'b npHJinniH — ho 
OTBi^aflre, a tojibko ecjiH noTaHerL HanncaTb. 

B. H. 

XXXV. 

neTepOypr-B, 10 Ma«. 
Ceprift Hjibh^'b! 

Bh KaK-B pe6eH0Ki>,— aaxoTijiH ysHaTb HTd BHyTpa y jik)6h- 
uo^ HrpymKH, paaJiOMajiH ee, nocMOTpijiH h OpocHJiH... 

Mfl'fe TOJibKO xorfejiocb 6h 3HaTb: sacjrfeHJiHCb bh Haj^t 
o6jiOMKaMH, paacepAHJiHCb, hjih sanjiaKajiH? 

B. ^. 

XXXVl. 

T. TopH, 15 Mas. 

Tloporaff Bapsapa JlbBOBna! 

Bh AOJimHH, BH M05KeTe npocTHTb Mena 3a z^oJI^oe moji- 
^aHbe... CepaHTbca Ha Bacb — a ne HM'fcji'b npaBa, a njiaKaTb... 
He HJiaKajiocb KaKB-To!.. Bhjio BHyTpH tto-to onenb cjio^Hoe h 
My^HTejibHoe. Kone^Ho, He pas-b xoTijiocb BHCKaaaTb BaMB aro, 
HO Ha eyMari bhxouhjio a«ecTKo, Hejiisno, 3JIo. 

Mnifc Henero roBopHTb, JierKO-jiH Mnt ^^ocxajiocb name „6e3- 

paacyAHoe" hhcbmo. H MeTajica, fipocajica otb oahofo p'femeHiH 

vb ApyroMy H HHHero ne uoriy CA'feJiaTb cb coCoSt, hto6h 3a- 

CHTb, He AyMaTb. B'hj\h TuoKyHHHH mhcjih, KaKB och: H'feM'b 

Cojibme roHHiHb hxt^, rfeM-b nacTofiHHB'fee oni mym^KaT'b okojio 

H He HaiOTb HH BO ^TO y^ATH, HH ^UT> SaHHTbCH, HOKa He yJIG- 

THTTE). A yjieraT-b — Kor^a caMH saxoTarb... 

HaKOHei^'b, 51 p'bmHJi'b, hto naAO Bsaxb ce6a B'b pyKH, h 
yfexajiB Ha Bojiry. 9to mh^ BcerAa noMorajio B'b npmcKamH 
J[^y^IeBHa^o paBHOBtcia. 51 notxajiB coBepmeHHO pa36HTHft. 
Bojira, Cb ea OAHOo6pa3HOli KpacoToia, npHnecJia MHi ecjiH ne 
ycnoKoeHie, to npHMHpeme... B^epa a Bepnyjica aomoA h na- 
nieji'b BamH Asa nncbMeina. 

H onaTb He nepecTaio AynaTb o Bacb... 

16 Maa. 

He MOFb BaMT) HHcaTb BHepa. BpocHji'b nepo; nomejii) 6po- 

^HTb... 

KpyroMT> Bce mHBerb h rpoMKO Kpn^nrb o CBoeft 5kh3hh: 
nTHi^H, myKH, Tpana, jiHCTba, po30BaTO-6'fejiHfl uBirb a6jiOHb, 
pasjiHBmaaca pina, apKoe nefio — Boe jiJiKyerb h BJiacTHO 3a- 
^aBJiaeT-b o CBoeMB JiHKOBamH, HHKoro ne 6oacb, hh cb ^'hwh 
He c^HTaacb... 

OnaTb AopomKa B'b caAy Mena npHBeJia na KJiaAfinn^e, Kb 


96 pyCCKOB BOTATCTBO. 

HamHM'B MorHJiaM'b. Bhaho, hto BjiacbeBHa nosaCoTHJiacb o 
KKTb: njiHTH pac^HiueHH, cKaMef!Ka noHHHena, KpyroM'B naca- 

meHH aHIOTHHH TJiaSKH H MaprapHTKH. I^BiTH Ha MOrHJiaX'b 

npoHSBo^arB Bcer^a Bne^aiJiime npHMHpaiomee h pa^yiomee. 
Momjia cecxpH Jlejm paajiisjiacb h J^epH•B na nea pasttaajica. 
BjiacbeBHa aacaAHJia ee rycTO i^BiTaMH, h ona tohho oatHjia. fl 
copBaji'b nyncK'b amoTHHHX'b rjiaaoK'b h 3a;iyMajicii h onaTb 

MH'fe BCnOMHHJICa MOK JIK)6HMNfi HOBTb: 

„}Khbh 

IIoKyAa KpoBB HrpacT-b bx jKHJiaxt, 
A cTaneniB cxapHTBCH, napsH 
IXBiTOBt, pacTyin.HX'b Ha MorHJiaxT>, 
H HMH cepAUe o6hobh..." 

OChobhtl cepAi^eV BosMomHo-jm sto? 

H cfeji-b oKOJio MOHXi) noKoilHHKOB'b, OAHHOKifl, eme Coji-fce 
OAHHOidfi, "Tbwh Tor^a, SHMOi!, KorAa HanncajTb BaM^B h bh MHi^ 
OTB-feTHJiH noJiynacM'femKoK na^'b mohm-b saTHmbeMB. H TOJibKo 
Tenepb mh* CTajio acHO, Kajcb h 6u3rh Toraa T05Ke 3axBaHeHi> 
jioatbH)... Ha, jioMtbH), CBoefi coCcTBeHHoft jioskbk); B'hjiib a. b'b 
HeTepCypri T05Ke see BpeMa Jireuvh, jirajrb cjioBaMH, nociynKaMH, 
Bceft cBoeft »cH3HbH) .urajTb. A KaKi) h jiraJi'B nocToaHHo Ha 
Bamnx-b rjiaaaxTb: no^aBajTb pyny BameMy Myaty, Koroparo ne 
yna^cajTb, roBopnji'b coBchwh He to h ne TaK'b, KaK-b xoiteb, 
KaK-b jsfljimewh 6ujrb roBopHTb... A KaK-b lepniji'b Jioatb! H 
Bce 3T0 a cpasy no^yBCTBOBaji'b ' nocjrfe Bamero nncbMa Qjifkch^ 
cpeAH MorHJii). Offh ne Jiryrb. Bti cKameTe: ^oHi MOJinarb". 
JSjdi, HO B-b-BTOMB MOJi^aHiH BejiHKaa Talina h npaB^a. H OH'fe^ 
o6a3HBaK)TB He jiraTb. Si uomhk), bh npiixann cb noxopomb Ka- 
Koia-TO MOJroAoiJ A'feByniKH h Chjih nopasKenH, hto B'b nepBHfl: 
pas-b yBHAajiH ea oma. Bh 3HajiH ero ^aBHO, ho 3HajiH canoB- 
HHKa Cb o^cHb onpeA'feJieHHO]^ Manepolt roBopHTb, myrHTb h 
Bceraa coxpaHflTb H3B'fecTHHfl TOH-b CTapmaro k-b MJia^niHM'b. 

TyT-b BH yBHAajiH B'b nepBHfi pa3'b, KaKi) oH-b njiaKajiB, ^a- 
jio6ho BcxjiHUHBan, KaKi) peGenoKi). 

51 noMHio, KaK'b bh TorAa roBopHJin: 

— H B'b nepBHia pa3'b ysHAaJia ero CeQi^ MacKH... 

Sjjfbcby cpeAH MorHJi-b, Tome He ao nacoK'b. BcaKoe npHTBop- 

CTBO KameTca TyT'b acajiKHM'b h MeJiKHMi)... BcHKaa Jiomb sa^cb. 

KasKeTCH npecTynnofl,.. 

C. P. 

^TO BaniH A'i^TH? 3A0p0BH-JIH? Bh COSCfeMB yMOJIKJIH HEX-b. 


OBOPBAHHAa lEEPEnHCKA. 97 


XXXVII. 

HeTepCypPB, 20 Maa. 
PascnpocBi o ji'hTsix'h — BipHHti npHsnaK'b, hto jiioGbh h'Stb. 
BjiiofijieHHHft HeJiOB'feK'B HeHEBHAHTT) fliTefi Myma. 

Ho H He XO^y rOBOpHTB BT) BTOM-B TOHi. Bib;!!) H HCKpCHHO 

mejiajia, hto6h bh pasjiioCHJiii Mena. H AoCnjiacb BToro. Mni 
TOJiBKo cTpamHo: neymeJiH a noTepajia h apyra? HeyacejiH? Bh 
anaeie, KaKi> a OAHHOKa h KaKi> aopo^y sameli ;ipy5K6ofl... H 
BH He OTHHMeTe ee ottb MCHa... 

MyacB Bepnyjica HSt-aa rpaHHiqa xpn Eeji'hjm TOMy HaaaAt, 
HO MHCJiH ero TaMi*, y nocrejiH ero CojibhoS. Oh'b npa^iHHft, 

rpyCTHHfi[ H nymOft... H 9T0 HeBHHOCHMO-TamKO. 

Mh nepeixajiH na ^a^y, ho a Kaac^Hfi aenb tsmy b-b ro- 
po^i) AJia Moef! niKOcJiH. H p'femHJia ycTpoHTb npn neft o6n];e- 

5KHTie, a 3T0 Ha^O OpraHHSOBaTB JltTOM'b, paOoTH npeACTOHTB 

MHoro, pa6oTH MajieHbKofi, neBHAHOfi, ho o^enb yTOMHxeJibHoa 
H cyeTjiHBoli... OnaTb neKorAa BaayMHBaTbca, neKoraa sarjia- 
AHBaTb B'b Ty HcpHyio nponacTb, KOTopaa mjievb Bcfex'b nacb. 
Bam-b Bonpocb o MOHX'b peCaTHnncax'b BHSBajTb y Mena 
myncy, ho a BceTaKH ch yAOBOJibCTBieM'b OTBi^y BaM-b, ^rro h 
Baca, H BoBa oneeb nonpaBHjmcb nocjii Kopn, tojibko BoBa 
CTaji-b en^e cBoeHpaBHie npe^naro: roBopHTb „xoHy h Cyjiy!" 
H He npHSHaerb hekofo, KpoM't nefla. Baca — MOJiojieixbj 3ao- 

pOBHlt, CofiKia MajIb^HHIKk, BeJIOCHHeAHCTb H CTpaCTHH^ HTpOK'b 

B'b lawn-tennis. On'b i^ijiHe ahh npoBOAHTT> na Kpyry ^k^t- 
CKHXT) pasBJie^eniii", h a hohth He BH5Ky ero. /J^OKTopTb roBO- 

pHTb, HTO BCi 9TH HrpH yKp'fenJiaiOT'b H paSBHBaiOT'b (J)H3HHeCKH, 

H a AOBOJibHa. TojibKo 6hjih 6u ajiopoBH, — Borb noKa Moe e^HH- 
CTBeHHoe mejianie OTHOcHiejibHo A^Tefi. 

Ho noHeMy bh BApyrT> cnpocHjiH o butl'? 

B. ^. 

P. S. A HTO EropymKa? Ka.Kh nonpaBHJica nocji'fe TH(|)a? 

xxxym. 

TypbH TopH, 27 Maa. 
Ttoporaa BapBapa JlbBOBHa! 
fl cnpocHJiT. A'feTax'b noTOMy, ^rro ne Mory o.TA'feJiHTb Bacb 

orb RBTb. MH'fe XOTtjIOCb 3HaTb BCe BaCb, — eCTeCTBeHHO, HTO 

^ BcnoMHHJTb H Bacfe, H Bob*. Si ne sHaio, OT^ero aTo yAH- 
BHJio Bacb? HeyacejiH a HHKorAa o hhxti ne cnpamnBajTb? 

Moii CtAHHli EropymKa njioxo nonpaBHJica. Y Hero CA^Jia- 
jiocb ocjio^HOHie, H on'b no CHX-b nopoE) ne coBcfeMi) OKp-feni*. 

J« 4. OTA^Jt-B I. 7 


-98 


PyOCKOB BOrATOTBO. 


XyflTb OHi> H 6ji'hjiewh TaKi), hto 6ojii>ho h cipamHO CMOTptTb. 
Mti cb BjiacbesHo^ nHiaeM'b ero BcbMH cpeACTBaMH, ona yxa- 
^HBaei* 3a hhm'b, KaK'b aa cbohm'b pe6eHK0M'b, h a He xo^y h 
j^yMaTb, ^To MH He BHXo;tHM'b ero. H ocTaBMjiTb ero B'b jxou% 
BTb MOHX'b KOMHaTaxi), a caMTb oKOH^aieJibHO nocejiHJica B'b no- 
jioBHHi^ 6a6yinKH. KpyroM'b Bce to, ki> HCMy a npHBHK'b cb 
A^TCTBa: nyaarae niH(|)OHbepH Kpacnaro flepesa, hhseuh Kpecjia 
ci> KopHTOo6pa3HHMH cnHHKaMH, CTapHHHHe HopxpeTH (Th rpo- 
ManHHMH rjiasaMH h MaJienbKHMH pTaMH... Mh* o^enb xopomo 
paCoraeTCH sa BHCoKHifB 6iopo KpacHaro jiepeBa ciy To^enolt 
p'bineTOHKott KpyroM'b BepxHefl: jiocke. Sji'hch h eme ^ajibme 
oTTb Bcero Mipa, ^^mT) TaM'b, B'b KaOHHeTb oTi^a, sfl'fecb— Ka« 
^eTCH, H Mory coBepnieHHo yfiATH OT'b bchkoJI cyeiH h tojihch; 

SJXhCh a IIOHHJI'b ThTb CXHMHHKOB'b H OTme.HbHHKOB'b, KOTO- 
pHe naXOOTJIEf CMHCJI'b HCH3HH B'b THHIH H OAHHO^eCTB'fe. Ho 

BHepa... 

BoTb HTO 6njio BHepa. H OTKptiJi'b noKaTyio KpHniKy Oiopo, 
^To6ti nojioHCHTb TyAa HanHcannHe mhok) jihcth, h yBH;iaji'b, 

HTO BeCb RUlVLKb 3aaOJIHeH'b KaKHMH-TO SanHCKaMH H HHCbMaMH. 

OH'fe 6ponieHH Ty^a rpyAOiB, cn'femHo, KaK'b HHKOMy ne HyMCHHa, 
He Aoporia. Mh* xoTfejiocb xoTb neMHoro npHBecTH Hx-b bi> 

nop^AOK'b H H yBH^aJI'b, HTO BTO JIHCTKH KaKHX'b-TO paCHIHTHX'b 
TOTpaAefi, OTAiJIbHHa SaM'feTKH H CJiy^iaMHHH sanHCH... IIoHepK-b 

6a6yniKPT... H cMyrnjica h Baxjionnyji-b KpninKy, ho OAHa „3a- 
MtTKa", KaK'b HanncaHo na Bepxy jiHCia, — sanajia MH'fe B'b rpjioBy. 

„^H3Hb AJIH >KH3HH HaM'b jiaHa" OH'b TOBOpHTb. A nOCMO- 
Tp'feTb B'b OKHO: A^P^Ba CTOilT'b 6e3'b JIHCTbeB-b, CJIOBHO BKona- 

HHH, xojioAHaa 3eMJiH noKpHTa MepiBoio jihctboh) h ^CA^rb nero- 
TO. 'lero? CKy^Ho!..** 

H-ferb HH HHCJia, HH roAa, ho, cy^H no HcejiTOMy i^B-feTy 6y- 
MarH H 6ji'bAHocTH nepHHJTb, aTo nanHcano o^enb AaBHO... H 
nonepK'b TBepAHft h acHbrtt, KaKoro a jme He noMHio y 6a6ymKir. 

fl Bsrjianyji'b ESLjiiy co6ofi. Ha^'b caMHM'b 6iopo BPiCHT'b Torb 
nopTpei-b, KOTopoMi) a KaK'b-To nncaji'b, hto OH'b HaiioMHHaerb 
MHfe Bacb. ToHCHbKaa meHiii,HHa ji'fei'b BoceMHaAHiaTii, o^eHb 
AeKOJibTHpoBaHHaa, ci> noacoMT> noAT> iiHinHOft CtJiott rpyAbio, 
ci> 6jiecTaiiiiHMEr ^epHHMH BOJiocaMn, aanecaHHtiMH na ymn h 
co6paHHHMH Ha MaKymK'fe B'b BHA'b neiJiH, cMOxp'fejia na Mena 
CBOHMH niHpoKo-pacKpHTHMH TjiaBaMu H TOHHo cnpaiEHBajia 

qeM'b-TO... FoTb, Cb nOJIHHMH apKHMH PyGaMH, nOJiyOTKpHT'b H 

ecjiH CMOTp'feTb AOJiro — ToqHO Hyib-^yTb yjiHCaeTca. H cmo- 
Tp'feji'b H He Morb oTopBaTbca... H ona, KaK'b bh, mnjia, bojiho- 
Bajiacb, 5KAajia h... A05K,iajiacb... O^eBHAHO, h ee My^HJio B'feH- 
Hoe: „mH3Hb, aa^'feM'b th MH'fe Aana"? SI CMOxp'feji'b na ea rjiaA- 
Kifi G-fejiHti Jio6b, To^Ho laKoit, KaK'b y Bacb, h Mni npninJio B'b 
rojioBy: „3Haji'b jih KT0-HH6yAb, ^to KHH'fejio noj\i> HaM'b, KorAa 


OBOBBAHHAa nEPBDHCKA. 99 

OHa jiynajia oaho, a roBopHjia Apyroe?" HaBipnoe, h ona He 
B<5erAa OHJia npaBAHBa... fl CMOTptji'L na ea rjiaaa h noTieMy-To 

Mfffe ^HTaJiaCb B'B EHXTE* JI03Kb... 

H a BcnoMHHJii> 6a6yniKy— TaKOK), KaKofi h anajH) ee: Ma- 
jieHbKofi CTapyniKofi, B'B 6'fejioM'L neni^'b na mejiTOBaTO-cfeflHX'B 
Bojiocax'b; mslvkiPl hocb HasHCB HaA^ ryfiaMH, CMopmeHHHMH z 

CHHeBaTHMH; TyCKJIHe rJiaaa B'B MOpmHHHCTHX'B B^KaXB CMO- 

TpaTB ycTajio h CKop6HO. 

^To oOmaro uemjxy 9T0f! KpacaBHii;efi h crop6jieHHHM'B cy- 

meCTBOM'B, BOpnamHM'B H 03a60HeHHHMl> BCaKHMH atHTefiCKHMBC 

3a6oTaMH? Oaa js,o caMoro KOHii;a jimqH cbohxb finjia onenB 60- 
J^pa h' nocTOHHHO BOJiHOBajiacB... Eh flpojKamifi rojiocB xpn- 
n'fcji'B TO B'B ;i'bBH^Beft, to na KpHJiBi^t, Kyj^a ona npnsHBajia 
Ha pacnpaBy npoBHHZBinHxca, to y ce6a B'B KOMHarfe. Mh— Ma- 
jieHBKie — npHBHKJiH KB en „pa3H0caMB", h naMB Kasajiocb, 
^To HHa^e H HeJiB3a. 9to — 6a6yinKa. Ona AOJimna bojiho- 
BaTBca, ecjiH anoB^ajiH itocojihtb orypu;B[ h ohh „no^ojiiuiH", 
KaKB OHa roBopHJia, AOJisKna pyKOBOAHTB pyOKofi KanycTti h 
KpH^aTB Ha HacB, ecjiH mh TacKaeM-B „KOHepHmKH**, jiojimna 
<5htb HeAOBOJiBHOft BcfeMii, a HacB, A'^Tefi, 6ajioBaTB h kopmhtb 
KaKHMH-To CMOKBaMH H AOManiHHMH HacTHjiaMH. Ha to OHa 6a- 
CymKa. H mh^, KasKeTca, HHKorAa ne npnxoAHJio bb rojiOBy, hto 
y Hen Morjia 6htb Hnan ^chshb, hto ee mofjih BOjraoBaTB hhhh 
=q:yBCTBa. 

IIo3me s{ snan'B, ^to ee em;e BOjinyeTB nojiHTHKa, h to 6ojib- 
me BH'binHaH. Bofina 6tiJia jxJisi nen sanHMaTeJibH'fee Bcero na 
CB'feT'b. Ona BHpocjia na pa3CKa3ax'B „(|)paHi];y3'fe"; bb HM-feniH 
6H OTii;a noKa3HBajiH norpeOB, r^'fe 3aMopo3HJiH TpoHXB njii^H- 
HEix'b, noKasHBajiH M-fecTO, Tji'b (|)paHij;y3CKie coji^aTH, nepexoAH 
p-feKy, npoBajiHBajiHCB bb npopyto, BHCKaKHBajiH h 3aMep3ajiH. 
Ba6yniKa pascKasHBajia Bce 3to cb MejiBHa^niHMH noApo6HO- 
-CTiiMH H B'bpHJia, ^rro caMa 9To BHA'feJia: TaKB bb ea. a'^tckom'b 
M03ry apKo Bane^aTJi'fejiHCB 3th pa3CKa3i^. 

SaT'feMB OHa BHmjia 3aMy^'B 3a Boennaro. Bo BpeMH „CeBa- 
oTonojia" ona 6HJia.yme baoboA, ho OparB ea ujtrsl, totb, hto 
noxoponeHB phaomb cb nefi, Ohji'b panen'B bb aTofi BofiH-fe h 
ynep'B sa^cb, bb HM-femH, na pyKaxB 6a(5yinKii. Ona jiroOnjia 
pa3CKa3HBaTB He npo Hero, a npo onoji^enie, h mh, a^th, npn- 

BHKJIH nOHHMaTB, ^TO OHOJIHeHOI^'B — ropofl, HOTOMy HTO A^/IB 

Cepr'fefi[ Chji-b onojiHenei^B h yMepB 3a poAHny. Mh BHnpo- 
CHJiH y 6a6ymKH ero manKy onojiHeHii;a — cb MiAHHM'B reop- 
rieBCKHMB KpecTOM'B Ha oKOJiHm'fe H CB noAo6ocTpacTHHM'B yna- 
jKenieMB AepJKajiH ee y ceCa B'B a'^tcko^. IIotom-b CTajiH, nrpaa, 
HaA'feBaTB ee, a nocji'fe, Hepe3B MHoro jtStb, a bha'^.tb ee na 
iHameMB noAnacK-fe... 

Bo BpeMH (|)paHKO-npyccKoft boI^hh 6a6yniKa ne BHnycKajia 

7* 


100 pyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

raaeTH hb-b pyKi* h npoHHTHBaJia o BoiiHi ^ot-b jiockk ao aockh"!. 
Ona nepenyTHBajia HMena, aojito ;i;yMajia, hto CeAaH'B (|)paHqy3-r 
cKitt nojiKOBOAei^i>, h BOJinoBajiacb „3a CeAana", HenaBHA'bJiai 
H'feMixeB'B H npH MajiiKmelt hxi* HeyAani panoBajiacb, KBKh 
peSeHOKi). ^HTajia ona raaexH BcerAa rpoMKHM'B monoTOM'b, m 
MH CL Jlejieft CTapajiHCb jiobhtb ABnacema ea ry6i> h cjiiAHTi» 

3a BH JIHI^OM-B, KaKB OHO TO pacnJIHBaJIOCb BTb yjiH6Ky, TO A'fe^ 

Jiajiocb rpycTHHM'b h cyMpanHHM'b. Ho sTKWb npH3HaKaMi> mh> 
ysHaBajiH nojiHTHHecKin hobocth, — na HbeK CToponi noC^Aa, ^ 
BMtcTi cb 6a6yinKoli 6hjih Bcei^tjio sa (|)paHixy30B'b. 

Bi) 3Torbme roA'B mchh yBesJiH ns^b Typbifx-b Fop'b h ot- 
AajiH BB rHMHa3iK); a BHAajTb OafiymKy TOJibKO Ha KaHHJ^yjiaxx. 
Ona npoAOJi^ajia 6ajioBaTb Mena, KaK'b peCeHKa, ho ee CMymaJiff* 
MOH AeMOKpaTH^ecKie BsrjiaAH, h ona nocToanHo cnopnjia co 
MHofl, xoTa — KaK'b wsi> 6ujio HSBicTHo— ona aaAOJiro ao ocbo- 
ComAenia oTnycriiJia CBOHX'b KpecTbaFb na oOpoKB. KorAa a 
pas-b HanoMHHji'b efl 3to, ona CKasajia: 

— A BceTaKH H3'b xaMa ne 6yAerb nana! 

He OAo6pajia ona h Moero nocTynjienia B-b yHHBepcHTerb; 
ona npH3HaBajia HacToamHMH JiioAbMH TOJibKo BoeHHHX'b, xoTa 
BB nocjitAHie toah skrseb h roBapHBajia: 

— B'bAb 9T0 Tenepb bi> BoeHHyio cjiy^6y set HAyrb: h ym-B^ 
H aca6a! B-b name BpeMa He TaKB 6H.no. 

A KorAa a oC'baBHJi'b efJ, hto ocTaBJieHb npn yHHBepcHTerfe^ 
OHa no3;ipaBHJia Mena rpycTHo h, BBAoxnyB-b, CKasajia: 

— A BceTaKH He ABopaHCKoe 3to a'^Jio... 

CecTpy JlejiK) ona To^e ne xoTtjia oTnycKaTb B'b rHMHa3iK),- 

HaXOAHJia HeyM'feCTHHM7> CHAtTb eft paAOM-b Cly nonOBHaMH ISr 

MimaHKaMH, HO caMa Jlejia nacToajia na aTOMB, Aa h MaTb ne 
npenaTCTBOBajia: ona ne oTXOAHJia otb 6ojibHoro OTqa h eilne- 
KorAa 6hjio 3aHiTMaTbca Ao^epbio. 

Ha KaHHKyjiH mh ciy cecTpoii npi'fe33KajiH bm^ct^ h 6a6ymKa^ 
HHKorAa He nepecTanajia oTHocHTbca kl neft, KaK'b Kb Majienb- 
Koft. Jlejia HJiaTHJia eft T'feM'b ace; ona HHKorAa ne cnopHJia cb 
Heft, acanijia orop^^aTb ee h CKpHsajia oti> nea MHoroe, ^ero 
He CKpHBajia orb Maxepn, ch KOTopoft ona 6HJia atecTKa m 
cypoBa. 

B'b nocjii^AHift pas-b a homhk) (3a6yniKy ciy Jlejieft, KorAa.* 
cecTpi 6h31o yate jAtl AeBaTHaAii;aTb. CTpanno 6hjio BHA'feTb- 
ceMHAecaTHJi'feTHioK) chjxyio CTapyxy, JiacKaioui;yK), KaK'b 6e3no- 
MomHaro pe6eHKa, 3Ty caMOCToaiejibHyK) h nenpHMnpHMyio a'^- 
BymKy, h JlejiK), paBroBapHBaiomyio cb neft KpoTKo, KaK'b cb- 
MajieHbKoft. 

Mh AOJiro CKpHBajm npasAy o6b y^ac^H JlejiH ot-b <5a- 
GyniKH If roBopHJiH eft, hto ona yfexajia 3a rpanHUiy y^HTbcaic 
H CKopo BepHOTca. BaOymKa Bce agiajia ee. MaTb Gnjia o'^enb- 


OBOPBAHHAfl HEPBUHCKA. 101 

^oropH:eHa, ho 3jio6ho orop^ena, ona cHHiajia ce6H onoaopeHHolt 
ji;oqepbK) H He Morjia npocTHTb Jleji'fe, ^to ona 6yATO-6H yCmia 
-oma. 9Ta 3Jio6a noMorjia eft nepenecTH rope h cKpHBaiB ero. 

Ho paai), Bi) cnopi co MHOft, ona Aomjia ao Kpafinaro paa^ipa- 

jKema h 6pocHJia Mwh: 

— H B-B Koro BH TaKie? H th sa cecTpoft noftAenib... 
BaCyniKa naBocTpHjia yniH, ho HH^ero ne cnpocHJia. 

Ha Apyroft jj,eEh ona npninjia ko MHi bi> KOMHaTy, nero 
yace HHRor^a He A'feJiajia, ctjia, noMOJinajia, no^MOKajia ry6a- 
MH — KajCB Bcerjaia npn 6ojihmowb BOJinemH — h CKaaajia: 

— Cepema! rptniHO o6MaHHBaTb cxapyxy... CKamn mh* 
npaBAy: rzi'fe Jlejia? 

SI cKaaaji'b eU. 

— 9to TA'ifc 5Ke? 3a rpaHHi^eti? 

fl KopoTKo pascKasaji-b eft bcio npaBAy. Ona cjiyniajia, na- 
iMypHBEiHCb, H o3a6o^eHHO Kanajia rojioBOft. A KorAa a. okoh- 
^ajTb, ona co CTpaHHHMTb AoSpoAyniieM'b CKasaJia: 

— Cl) ^i>Wb BTb K0JIH6eJlbKy — Cly ThWh H B'b MOrHJIKy...! 

KaK'b cb poacAeniH 6yHHK0ft 6HJia — TSiKb SyaHKoft h ocrajiacb! 
To^HO OHa roBopHJia npo HamajiHBniaro pe6eHKa, tohho ne 
jacnajxa ceCi Bceft npaBAH. 

H BCe 9T0 C-h Heo6HKHOBeHHOft ilCHOCTbK) BCnOMHHJIOCb MHi 

B^epa. BcnoMHHJiHCb h caMHe nocjitAHie foah en jkhshh, KorAa 
OHi, BABoeM'b Cb MaMoft, Chjih norpymeHH cb rojiOBOft b'b Me- 

JIOHH 5KH3HH, TOJIbKO B'b OAH* MeJIO-^H... BcnOMHHJI-b H H TO, 

KaKT> OHa ocTajiaeb 3A'fecb oAHHOKan h cnpan, noxopoHHB'b ao^b... 
H a Tor^a ne npi'fexaji'b kT) neft... Ona yracjia Me ajighho h cno- 

KOftHO, HII KOMI) HO BCnOMHHaH, HO ^Kajlta 5i^H3HH, HO O^H- 

Aaa HHHero otl CMepTH... 

Araebfl BjiacbeBHa 3aKpHjia eft rjia3a, noxopoHHjia ee h no- 
JiomHJia no MooMy pacnopameHiio njiHTy. 

BOT-b KOHei^Tj 9T0ft ^H3HH, KOTOpaa aK06b[ JIJISI 5KH3HH 6HJia 

.Aana eft. A Momex'b 6uTh y nea n 6HJia aia 7KH3Hb? B^ab 
KaK'b JierKo npocMOTptTb ee y 6jiH3Karo nejioB'feKa. H ^I'hwh 
^JIHSKO —T'feM'b Jierne npocMOTp'bTb. 

Ceroiiaa MH'fe He pa6oTajiocb. KaKia-TO cxpanHHa mhcjih 
JiiBJiH B'b rojioBy. fl 6pocHJi'B nepo h nomeji'b na KJiaAOnuiie. 
HepHoraasaa KpacaBHii,a, H3o6pameHHaa na nopTpex'fe, ne Aa- 
Bajia MH'fe noKoa, it a nomeji'b na MorHJiy 6a6yniKH, tohho a 
sRjiBjTh HaftTH TaM'b KaKoe-To ofi'bacHeme... 

Ta^ejiaa iiJiHTa OAHHM'b CoKOM'b Bpocjia B'b seMJiio h hjiotho 
vnpHAaBHJia to, hto 6hjio 3aKonaHO noA'b neft... 

H Bjipyr'b MHi 3axoT'fejiocb BHA'feTB Bacb. H He Mory BaM'b 
^6'bacHiiTB aTOft ncHxojiorm, a bh Momexe, bh B-fepHTO b'b Ka- 
Koe-To MHCTHHecKoe co^eTaHie jiioGbh h cnepTH h ho pa3i> ro- 
3opHJiH MH^fe o6iy 3T0M'B. H B'b mo.m BameMB HHCbM'fe y Bacb, 


102 pyCCKOB BOrATOTBO. 

MomeTB Ohtb, noMHMO Bamero acejiaHia, aBHJioch bto co^eTame: 
Kor^a BH p'feniHJiH ynepeTb — jiioCoBb M. noOtAHJia BacB... 

H. He noHHMaK) aToro h HH^ero He Mory oO-bhchhtb... Ha 
CHAH Ha KjiaASHH].*— a AyMajTB o BacL... 

IIpHmeji'L H Hanncaji'B botl 8to hhcbmo. H SHaio, KSiKh BacB hh- 
TepecyeT-b KSimjioe pasyMHoe cosAanbe, KaKi) B^h KaJKAOM'B bh bh- 
A;HTe HejioB'bKa, KaKi) bh phaom/b cb BaniHMH PoAeH6axaMH no- 
CTOflHHO HHTaeTe 5KHBHa cTpaHHi^H KHHrn »ch3hh. ce6i HH- 
caTb He 6y;iy, Aa h AOCTaTo^qno saHHMaJi'b a Bacb co6ok). ^H"*^ 
„a", „h" — 9T0 CKyHHO H — HO BamHMi> cjioBaM'b — nepBHft npH- 
3HaK'b AypHoro BOcnHTama. Bh HMieTe nojiHoe ocHOBanie cKa- 

3aTb, HTO a CJmmKOM'b nOBAHO BCnOMHHJI'b Ofi-B BTOMT). Ho HHOrAB 

jiyHme hosaho, h^m-b HHKorAa, xoth b-b fiojiBmHHCTB'fe cjiyna- 
eB'B Jiy^me HHKorAa, niM'B eobaho. 

Hto MomeT'B 6htb yatacnie cjioBa ^hobaho**? 

Baini> C. P. 

XXXIX. 

IleTepSyprB, 2 Iiohh. 

HtT-B, nnniHTe h o ceO'fe, Aoporolt Apyr'B. IlHinHTe o6o 

Bcewhf HTo y BacB b-b rojioBi h na cepAi^'fe, ho tojibko hh- 

mnre HCKpeHHO. Kaide MoryrB 6htb uemjiy naMH BonpocH o 

BOCUHTaHiH? nnniHTe noHanne h TaK-B me MHoro, KSJsrh b-b no- 

cjiiAHiK pasT). 

HeymejiH bh ne npHBeAeTe b-b nopaAOK'B BanncoK'B 6a6yni- 
KH? HeymejiH bbmi^ ne ropBKo ne snaTB AyniH Tofl KpacaBHUH, 
KOTopan CMOTpHTB Ha BacB BonpomaK)ni;e, a bh cBOAHTe Bce 
ea cyiAecTBOBame k-b cojieHBK) orypD;oBB h BopnaHBio na npn- 
cjiyry?.. 

H yOiiKAeHa, - tio Ka^Aaa meHn],HHa — flnycB. y nea BcerAa 
ABa JiHii;a: oaho jj,:sia Bcfex-B, Apyroe jxjia ce6a, h, Kone^HO, ro- 
pasAO 6oji'fee cjiosKHoe, Tkwh nepBoe. Oho bhaho Hani;e Bcero B'b 

AHOBHHK'fe, B'B HHCBMaX'B... A BSiU^h He XOHeTCH 8HaTB, ^^M-B 

mHJia, H'feM'B BOJiHOBajiacB Bama (5a6ymKa. Momex'B Ohtb, nacToa- 
ni;aa ea 5KH3Hb CHJia coBctM'b ne Ta BHAHMaa AJi-a Bcfex'B 
mH3HL, a Apyraa, BnyrpeHHaa, CBHA^TejiH Koxopofi: ocTajiHCb 
Ha nomejiTtBniHX'B mioHKax'B 6yMarH. Jlynme comrHTe hx'b 
cKopie, HO He ocTaBJiafiTe hx'b TaK'B BajiaTBca, B-feAB 9to Bce 
KcJiOHKH mencKofi AyniH, mencKaro cepAii;a... 

Hto 5Ke CB EropyniKOii? KaKoe MomerB 6htb ocjiomneHie 
nocji-fe TH(|)a? Oxqero bh TaK'B neoxoTHO oTB'fe^aeTe? Bh oTAajiH 
eny Bamn KOMHaxH — sna^HT'B He oTTOJiKHyjiH ero otb ce6a. Ho 
HeymejiH me bthm'b Momei-B orpaHHHHTBca 3a6oTa o pefieHK'fc 
y TaKoro neJiOB-feKa, KaK'B bh? He B'fepH), ne xo^ B'fepHTB. 

Mym-B onaTB yfexaji-B. Hojiy^HJiB KaKyro-TO TejierpaMMy h. 


OBOPBAHHAil nEPEDHCKA. 103 

^cea^acibme yfexauit. H stoma, co cbohmh AyMaMH, ;^•feTI)MH h... 
A'feJioM'B. H m-fejiHe HacH npoBoaiy bi* ropo/^t, b-b Ayxorfe h iihjih, 
noTOMy ^To K'h asrycTy BCii mKOJia AOJisKHa 6uTh roTosa, h no- 
CTOHHHO Mynycb coMHimeMTb: Hymno-jiH K0My-HH6yflb axo? 
HacH, jxEn, MicHi^H yxoAHTi> y Mena na KaKoe-TO rpomoBoe 
j^-fejio... Bh roBopHJiH, ^TO JiH^Haa pa6oTa Bcer^a rpomoBaa h 
nojiynaerB iii'feHy tojibko, Korjia B.^BHHyTa Bt oSmyio pstOoTy 
MHorHxi>. BorB h sasKHO ^yBCTBOBaTb, HTO ona BABHHyra b'b 
9Ty o6myio paCoTy... A B'hjih mh sch— caMH no ceCi... H no- 
CTOflHHo yeisKAaenibCfl, ^ro hhkto HHKOMy He nyateH'L... Hc- 
^e3HeTi> — 3T0 M'fecTO saTflHerca celJ^acb ^e, Bce paBHO KaKt 
nocjit KaMHfl, OpomeHHaro Bt BOAy: — ntcKOjiBKO KpyroBi>, ko- 
TopHe ToponaxcH oToliTH OTL Hero noAaJiBHie h — tohho ne 6hjio 
«ro... Bi> Aijii 9T0 eiu;e BHAHte, ^^m-b b'b ceMBi. H, KorAa a 
jxyum) o6i> ©TOM-B, y mghh onycKaioTCH pyKH, a^jio mog MHi 
KameTca MepTSHMib h a caMa ceOi Ka^ycB MepTBofi. 

Bh CKameTC, hto a B'B TaKOMij HacTpoeniH orroro, hto MyaK'B 
ytxaji'B, H Si ero peBsyio. HirB, k^b MoeMy ropio — nirB... H 
yate He pesHyio ero. HeJiBsa peBHOBaiB ^y^Koro ^^eJioBfea, a 

OffB CTaJIT) COBC'feM'B ^y^KOft MHt/fl HO 3HaK), ^eMTb OKh Ay- 

MaerB, ntM-B oaaGoHen'B. o ^en-B njia^OTij? Meat^y naMH Majio 
no Majiy Bupocjia BHCOKaa CTina h 8Ta CTina yacacHie Bcfex-B 

MyK^B peBHOCTH. 

A TyT-B eme bh— cb Bamell npaBAOit. H cA^jiajia CTpamnoe 
HacHJiie HaA'B co6oft, ii;hhhhho Hanacajia BaM'B bch) npaB^y h 
yGnjia hto-to MFfe ohchb Aoporoe. H santM'B a HBMiHHJia ceOi, 
HBMiHSJia JI5KH? H Hyio H3'B Bamero nncBMa — hto bh yate ne 
npe^KHifl^a npeA^yBCTByio, ^to noTepaio BacB... Bh roBopnie, hto 
s[ conocTaBJiaH) CMepTB n jik)6obb. ^a, — ne^Ay hhmh hcco- 

MHiHHaa CBH3B H — KOFAa MH TOBOpHJIH CB BaMH Ofi-B BTOMI), a 

npHBOAHJia MHoro npnMtpoB'B, KO.K'b y6ifiii.k nocjii npecxynjie- 
Hia 6'krjTb ki> cbohm-b BD3JiH)6jieHHHM'B, KaKaa noTpednocTB 
juo6br y rfex-B, kto bhaht-b ^acTo CMepTB... Ho y BacB He to. 
Bame BocnoMnname 060 MH'fe na KjiaAOHnti — coBHanie, "^to 

^BCe B'B Mip'fe TJI'feHTb, BCe B'B JDOAaX-B JIOaCB..." 
H 9T0 TaK'B. 

B. H. 

XL. 

T. FopH, 7 iioHa. 
J^oporoli Moii Apyri)! 

Bame nacTpoeme nyraex'B n orop^aeT-B Mena. Ho a Bcno- 

MHHaK), ^To KorAa mh nosnaKOMnjiHCB cb BaMH — bh tohho TaK'B 

5Ke H3Bi^pHjiHCB TOFAa BO Bce, HaxoAHjiH ce6a jiHniHefl h to- 

uHjiH Bamy TOCKy B'B MHJiJiionax'B 3a6oT'B h BcaKoro poAa xjio- 

iiOT-B. Bh npocTo ne naxoAHJiH noKoa Bamefl Ayin*. Bh caMH ne co- 


104 PyOOKOB BOrATCTBO. 

BHaBajiH Tor;i;a, hto sea npHHHHa Otuia bt> TOMt, ^to bh peB- 
HOBajiH Myaca, bh CTpaAajm, ho hs^b caMOJiiofiiH ^a^Ke cefit He 
npH3HaBajiHci> bT) aiOM-B. IIohth b'b nepBHlt me nani'B pasro- 
Bopi) BH — KaKi> 6yAT0 Bipn caMH ce6'b — roBopnJiH MHi, ^to 
KaKTb THHcejio BSiWb acHTb Ces'b TaKoro A'feJia, KOTopoMy mohcho 
6hjio 6h OTJtaTb Bcfe cboh chjih, h SasHsajm Bamy pa6oTy rpo- 
moBOfi. ♦ 

KameTCH, Tor^a h h cKasaji-B BaM^b o rpomosHX'L ^•fcjiax'b 
TO, ^To BH npHBo/iHTe B'B BameMB HHCbM'fe. H axo — Moe yfiiat- 
Aeme. HyjKHo paCoTaTb o^HOMy, ho jijih Bctxt. H cb 9'mM'B 
He CTpamHO hh paaonapoBame, hh HeyAaBmanca JiHHHan jkhbhb. 

HyaCHO HATH CBOefi AOpotofl, CB060AH0My H... OAHHOKOMy. B'B 

OAHHonecTB'b — cBo6oiia h CHJia. H kto aoI^agtb ao nero cosHa- 

TeJIBHO H CnOKOteO — TOTB HOfitAHTB. 

H a He AyMaio, KaK'B AyMaerB CojiBmHHCTBO Mym^HffB, ^to 
ajiB(|)a H oMera cnacTbii 5KeHni;HHH bb jie)6bh kb MyHCHHHi. 
EcjiH 6h 8T0 6hjio TaKB — c^acTBe 6hjio 6h o^chb aocth^chmo. 
H'brB. y menniiHHH ho^th Bcerjia cjikhikomb 6ojibmaH Ayma h 
el! rbcHO bb en paMKaxB, h ona MeneTca h pacxoAyeTCH na 

MOJIOHH H ^aCTO HpeSHpaOT'B Ce6H. B'B My5KHHH{fe nO^TH H*feTB 

3Toa MyKH npeaptHia. 

Bb TOTB BenepB, KorAa h nojiy^HJiB Bame hhcbmo — h no- 
HeMy-TO He mofb sanHMaTbCH. fl AOJiro ctosjib y 6iopo cb ne- 
poM'B BB pyKaxB, HO He pafioTajiocb. H a ho^th MamnnajiBHo 
noAHHJiB KpHmKy h CTajTB nepeCnpaxB CyMarn 6a6yniKH. Mn'b 
xoT^JiocB npHBecTH hxb xotb bo BHimnia nopjiAOKB..., Si cna- 
najia CTapajicH ne ^nraTB hxb. KaKoe-TO 6e3co3HaTejiBHoe ^yB- 
CTBO AeJiHKaTHOCTH M-femajio MHi... 5KyTK0 6HJI0 ji-feaxB BB ^y- 
mjjo Ayniy, a nncBMa, AneBHHKH, saMiTKH, Kone^HO, Aynia ne- 
JioB^Ka,, noxopoHeHHaa bb hhx'b... 

Cjiy^ajiocB BaM'B paafiHpaTBCH B'B cxapHX'B nncBMaxB? B'feAi> 
9T0 — MorHJiH, OTToro H HepeHHTHBaTB HXB Bcer^a rpycTHO. 

Bb KaK0lt-HH6yAB aanncK'fe'^ sea Aynia ^HBoro cymecTBa, 
OTAaron^aa ceCa Apyroli Ayni'fe; bb HicKOJiBKHXB c5TpoKaxB-r-Bca 
5KH3Hb. H jiK)6oBb, H CHacTbo, H npHTBopcTBO, H 3ao6a, H pa- 
AocTb, H rope, H cjie3H, h yjiH6KH — Bce to, hto cociaBJiaeTB 
Ayniy ^ejioB^Ka — Bce norpeGeno 3A'fecb... H Bce 3to jiemnrB rA'b- 
HHfiyAb MepTBoe, HHJibHoe, HHKOMy HenyatHoe. 

51 Bce BpeMa ^yBCTBOBajiB 9to, Kor^a pasGnpajica bb 6a6yni- 
KHHHX'B sanHCKaxB. H He MorB OTopBaTbca otb hhxb. 

Owk HanHcaHH nepoBHHMB, KpyrjiHMB nonepKOMTb h cb mho- 

^KeCTBOMB HepHHJIbHHX'B naTCHB. H BCnOMHHJIB, ^TO OHa AO 

caMOfl: CMepTH nncajia rycHHHMH nepbaMH h sacnnajia KJiaKCH 
necKOMB... Hh roAa, hh nncjia h^tb hh na oahoII CTpaHHii;'fe, 

TO^HO 3T0 JIHCTKH pa30ApaHHHXB TCTpaAelt HJIH aJIB60M0BB, H 

nopaAOKB hxb coBepmeHHO nepenyTaHB. 


OBOPBAHHAa HEPEHHCKA. 105 

IlepBoe, HTO Mwh 6pocHJiocb bi> rjiaaa, 6hjih crpoKH, Hanii- 

CEHHIM COBepmeHHO BKOCb H 0C06eHH0 B3B0JIH0BaHHHM1> HC- 

poBHHM'B , noHepKOMi>: 

„CeroAHa Marie o6i>aBiiJia, hto k-b nefi npncBaTajica Kann- 
TaHi> PiJnojioBCKilt. Ona oTflajia eny pyKy. Be3i> Moero Bi^oMa. 
BcnoMHHaH), KSLKh noKOliHHK'i>-oTei3;'B o6'i>HBHjrb MHi: MameHbKa! 
K'L oSiAy uprhJieTh TBOft jKenHX'B, Haini> coc'feAi> •JlyaciiH'b. 
51 croBopHJica ci> HHMi*; 3a toCoH nofiAerb ceJibD;o J^mmt- 
poBKa, ^a TpncTa ayni'b, jib, Aener-B ABaAii;aTb THca^'b accnr- 
Ha^mMH. PasBi a Morjia nepe^5HTb eMy? A hkhhc KaKB?!" 

HoTOM'b Ha aioj^ ^e CTpaHHri;t Ao6aBJieHo, ho y^Ke Mejib^e 
H cnoKofiHie: 

„CiipocHJn»-JiH KTO y nena: xony-JiH a saMym^b 3a Ge^opa 
HjiapioHOBHHa? A hto MO^erb 6HTb CTpanxHie jiJia ^eHiii;HHH, 
KaKB oTAasaxb ce6a OAHOMy^ Kor^a Me^rraemb ApyroMB?..^' 

nocji^OTaa (|)pa3a B3BOjmoBajia Mena... HepesB HicKOJibKO 
'CTpaHHiii'b a HaTKHyjica na cjitAyiomee: 

„CKOHHajiacb Eudoxie ByTHJinna. ynoKOitt FocnoAH Ayiny 
•ea! Bor-b Tali's pascyAHTB, mojkho hjih HiTB JiJo6wih Toro, Koro 

JIIoCHTb He A0JI5KH0...'' 

Moa cropGjieHHaa crapyniKa npeACTajia cpasy nepeAO MHOii 
<50 cBoea cTpaAaioniiefl Aynioia h KaKOfi-TO laiiHofi. H jiHxopa- 
AOHHO nepedHpajiB 6yMarH h 6oajica ocTanaBJizBaTbca na hhx'b 
H ocTanaBjmBajica KaacAyio MHHyTy. XosaficTBeHHHa sanncH 
nepeMiniHBajiHCb ci> HSJiiaHiaMii, cjiyxn ciy pasHHMH mbjikhmh 
<|)aKTaMH. Si ysHaJiB, MesKAy npoHHM'b, no'ieMy y nacb bb Typb- 
HXB FopaxTb ABa 6apcKHXi> AOMa, TO-qno ab* oTA'iwiBHHX'b 
ycaAB6H. 0Ka3HBaeTca, ^to TypbH FopH npHHaAJieacajm A*Ay 
^eAopy HjiapioHOBHHy nonojiaMB (yh CpaTOM-b. KorAa jihjxh 
5KeHHJica, OHH mHJiH BTpoeMB, HO OTHomeHia CpaTbeBB, o^e- 
BHAHO, 6HJIH oneHb TamejiHa, noTOMy ^to y 6a6yniKH MHoro 
aaiiHcefi bb laKOM'b poA*: 

^Bcfe SHaioiTb, ^To FapaJibAB Ch HopoBOM-b. San'feM'b 5Ke 
GeAa npHKaBajiB sacfeAJiaTb ero hoab Cepaca. Xopomo, ^to 
nornCB KOHb, a ne cfeAOKB..." 

^Cepacb ceroAHa ptniHji'b m^cto ajih HOBaro AOMa: no 
Ty CTopony norocTa, na onyniKi poiiiiH, a ee pasA^Jiaxb B'b 
napKB...*^ 

„Bqepa HOBOcejibe... GeA-a MOjiHajiBBB. Cepacb rpycTeHB... y 
Hacb onycrfejio..." 

^Ceprtft HjiJiapioHOBH^'b npncjiajiB KaaanKa CKasaib ne 
3KAaTb ero kb yacHny. OnaTb GeAa!.." 

„CKOJIb paSJIH^HH 3TH ABa HOJIOBiKa! O^inHB HyBCTBHTOJieH-b 

H BeJiHKOAymeH'B, Apyrofi — rpyOB h HHHToacen'b. Oahkb jik)- 
Crnrb CTHXH H co^HHHTejiefi CHHTaeTB otb Bo^a, Apyrofi ro- 


106 pyCOKOE BOrATCTBO. 

BOpHTl>, ^TO BCb OHH J^apMOtjlJI H nHmyTTb TOJIbKO JIK)60BHIM 
BH^yMKH." 

H, HaKOHeu-B, Tanaa saM'feTKa: 

^Jl'hBUn AOMI) CTOHfT'L 3aK0JI0^eHHHfl. He HecyTCH OTTyfla 

HH 3ByKH i^HTpH, HH nicHii... Hama ;i;opo^Ka KaK-B-OyATo sa- 
pocjia TpaBOK)... A GeAop-L BecejiHfi h cBHCTHxt Ha sect^ 
AOm-b!.." 

^Oti> Cep^Ka— HH cjiOBi^a... Tji'h sue owb?^ 

Ha ApyroMt JiHCTK-fe HanHcano o^eHB mbjiko, xaKt, hto 
eABa MO^KHo nponecTb: 

„Hto 6h laM-B HH 6hjio — owh 6jjieTb Bcer^a fijinmaiiniifl k-b^ 
MoeMy cepAi^y.** 

„Kto uosKQT'b 6htb HCCHacTHie HejioBiRa HecnHni;aro? C-b^ 
caMoro HjibHHa AHa a rJias'B ne coMKHyjia. KaKyio pojiro nr- 
paerb Mofi MjmT>l^ 

„CeroAHa na KpHJibi^'fe GeAa pacneKaji'b noBapa HjiiomKy. H 
noAoniJia. Oh-b He BHAaji'b. JI^Ba paaa b^l yxo. HoniJia KpoBb 
H He cTepnijia, BHCKaaajia Bce. CepHCB ne AonycTHJi'B 6h.** 

}Kajio6H Ha 6e3coHHii;y noBToparoxca mhofo pas-b, HHorAa. 
npaMo: 

„OnfiTb He cnajia bcjo ho^b nanpojierb../' Hjih: „He cnajia. 
HjiaKajia. MojiHJiacb..." 

Ha oAHoJt CTpaHHi^i HepaaOopHHBO HanncaHo: 

;,M^Ka! MyKa! KaateTca, Cpomycb npn BcixTb nepeAi* Focno* 
AOM-b H saKpHHy: npndepH Th Mena, necHacTHyio, OAHHOKyio!.- 
Oaho Mfffe ocTaeTca — neTJia!** 

V Mor'b-jiH a noAosp'feBaTb, ^iro 6a6ymKa nepe^HBajia Tania 
CTpaAaaia? HaKorAa hh oAHnM-b cjiobom'b OHa B'b KOHUi'fe hchshh 
He BcnoMHHjia o nnx-B!.. Si 6pocajii> jihctok'b 3a jihctkomT), 
maAHo npo^HTHBaa hx-b. BcTpi^ajiocb onenb mhofo cthxob'b 
H npaMo OTpHBO^HHX'b (|)pa3'b: „H B'b BejiHHaiameM'B 6e3no- 
KoftCTBi..." „HeymejiH TaK-b fiyAerB b^hho?.." „^to jiy^me: 
Tbica^H SyjiaBOHHHX'b yKOjioB'b hjih oAHH'b yAapi) KHHmajia?.." 

HaKOHeij;i>, oAHa CTpaHHii;a 6pocHJiacb MHt B'b rjiasa acHHM'b, 
KpynnHM-b nonepKOM'b: 

„CeprM HjiapioHOBHH'b npncjiaji'b nncbMO, ^to6h SKAaTb- 
ero. CorjiaceH'b KpecTHTb JlroOo^Ky..." 

JIif)6a 6HJia BTopaa AO^b 6a6ymKH. Ona yMepjia Asyx-b jrhrh; 
6a6ymKa JiioOHJia pa3CKa3HBaTb, KaKofi ona fiHJia Heo6biKHO- 
BeHHHitt peCeHOKT). H ea acHHfl nonepK'b B'B nocjitAHefl 3anHCH 
M05KH0 6hjio 6h oO'bacHHTb c^acTbeM'b MaiepH. Ho AaJibHiiimaa 
npHHHCKa onaTb CMyTHJia Mena. 

„Ax'b, 3a^'feM'b Bce laK'b cjiy^HJiocb? OnaTb oahh My^enba!** 

Bojibnre a ne nameji'b jiHCTKOB'b TaKoro (j[)opMaTa. O^esHAHo, 
HacTb ajibCoMaj oT'b KOToparo ohh yij;'feji'fejiH, 6HJia yHH^Tromena. 

H pa3o6paji'b A^Jibme jihctkh no (|)opMaTy. OAHa TexpaAb B'B 


OBOPB AHHAa nEPEHHCKA . 107 

"q:eTBepTyinKy cfepoitt CynarH hohth Bca coxpanHjiact HeTpoHy- 
TOK), HB-L ;^py^o]a TaKofi me Chjih^ BHpsaHH CTpaHHii;H h oto- 
pBaHib Becb KOHeD;i>. Bi) nepBofi nen^eum iidhth cnjiomb aanncH 
xosaflCTBeHHHH: nocfeBaxt, o6i> yMOJiOTi, o nepeBozi'fe bo 

ABOp'B KaKOJa-HHCyAB ZliBKH HJIH CeMbH, 06l> OTHyCK'fe Ha oCpOK'b. 

BafiyniKa oB^OBtjia b'b 1849 roAy h, oneBHjiHO, KaKT> 6ojib- 

mHHCTBO pyCCKHX-b BAOB-b, CeliHaCb 5Ke CTaJia „JIHHHOCTbK)", 

caMOCTOirreJibHOfl: h fl-fejiTeJibHoii, KaK-b My»tHHHa. H nonepK'b 
cTajTb HHOfi: yBipenHHll h poBHHft. H ^HTaji^b 9th aanzcKH, h 
6a6yinKa onaTb JiBHJiacb npefl;o MHOfi B'b HOBOM'b csiTi: 

^HoBap'b Co(|)poH'b BajiaeTca B'b Horax-b, npocHT'b oMaTb sa 
Hero BHHiHBajibn^Huy Tanio. Ona ne atejiacT-b. H OTKaaajia. 9to 
He npH 0e;i;opt HjiapioHOBH^i". 

„Hhkto cb Hamero cejia ne xo^ex'b hoth 0% OapmHHH na 
o6poKT>. He noHHMaioT'b hjih ho b^phtI)? CeroAHfl cana uo^jiy 
Ha cxoA'b paaroBapiiBaTb cb hhmh..." 

OneHb ^acTO aanncH Knyrb ne oT-b oahoA 6a6ymKH h na- 

HHHaiOTCH CJIOBOM'b „MH". 

„Mh pimzjiH oTnycTHTb ciojiapa CeMena B'b MocKBy... IlycTb 
nopa6oTaerb na BOJi'fe..." 

„Mh flajiH BOJibHyK) Hjib'fe Epo(|)'feeBy ci> MceHOio... /^OBOJibHO 
HaTepn'fejicii OH-b orb noKoflHHKa..." 

„B^epa Bepnyjica Ham-b 6'ferjiHfi HmKa... HoKaaJica, ^to 0'fe- 
raji-b B'b CojiOBKH, roBopHT-b — Ayina npocHJia. Mh ero npocTHjiH". 

KtO 9TH „MH"? a HeAOyM'feBajI'b... OneBHJIiHO, KTO-TO pyKOBO- 

AHjn> 6a6ymK0fi, h Bcfe 3th o6poKH h BHKynH hijih orb Koro-TO, 
KOMy 6a6yniKa AOB'bpajia. H AyMajib, ^to '9to KaKoK - HH6yzib 
ynpaBJiiiioniiija HM'femeM'b, ho BApyr'b naiKHyjic^ na cji'feAyroni.ee: 

„Owb rOBOpHT'b, KTO CaM-b mHBeTI), flOJiateHTb H flipyrHMT> 

5KHTb ;^aBaTb"... 

H TyTb saie npnOaBjieHo: 

„C. TaK'b AOfip'b H BeJIHKOAymGH'b, ^TO paATE> BC'feM'b BOJIb- 

Hyio A^Tb. A MOH AOHb? 5i nepe^'b neti OTBi^aTb A0Ji5KHa..." 
fl BcnoMHHJTb Tor^a, ^To A'feJi'B Ceprfeft npitxaji'b nocji'fe 
CMepTH oTi^a HB'b-Ba rpaHHii;H ajih pasA'^Jia hm'^hIh. HnKaKoro 
paBA^Jia He npoHBomjio, OH'b OTKasajicH oT-b CBoefl: nacTH B'b 
nojibsy Moefl MaTepH h Tenepb Bce m'fejiHKOM'b nepenijio MH'fe. 
O^eBHAHO, „mh" — BTO 6a6ymKa h beau frere, Cepr'fefl Hjiapio- 
HOBHH'b. OH'b KOHeri;'b copoKOBHXi) roAOBi> npoBeJi'b sa rpaHHii;eit 

H AOJimHO 6b[Tb npHBOB'b B'b TypbH TopH HOBHe BSrJIflAH, HO- 

BHH y6t5KAeHifl. H B'b BanHCiix'b 6a6yniKH aTO bhaho na Ka5K- 
Rowb mary. MHCjib o AapoBamn cbo6oah KpecTbanaM'b no^ 
CTOHHHo 6opeTca B'b nefl c^h npHBH^iKaMH h npaKTH^ecKHMH 
cooOpameHiHMH. P^AOM'b cb 9THM'b BCTp'feHaH)Tca H TaKia (|)pa3H: 
„B^epa SI ^HTajia B'b CTapoii KHHmK'fe „C'feBepHHX'b Il^B'feTOB'b" 
noB-fccTb „TpaKTHpHaa JitcTHHiiia" H. BecTymeBa. C. bbhstl oti> 


108 . pyCOKOK BOrATCTBO. 

MeHH KHHry h cTOJiTb HHTaTb BCjiyxTb MoHTaaa, CKa3aBi>: ^Boti^ 
HayKa acHTefiCKOlt MyApocTH". 

„C. noAapHJi-B Mfl-b (j[)paHi^y3CKifl: aKseMnjinp'B MoHraHii bI) 
pocKomHOM'B nepenjieT'fe..." 

(Ckojibko pasi) AepsKajii) a 6*5 pyKaxt 3Ty KHHMCKy Essais 
de Montaigne h He snajTb, KaKi> ona nonajia b^b Haniy OiAHyio 
6ii6jiioTeKy!). 

IIoTOM'B HAyTiE> OHHTb pa3HHa X03aiiCTBeHHHH coo6pameHifl, 
HO H'feMi) AaJibnie, T^Mt Haii;e ohh nepeSHBaioTCH APyrnMK 

„KaK'L 6opb6a ;^yxa cl MaTepie:^ HCTOMJiaerb neJioB'feKa..." 
„Ero jiK)6HMHe nncaTejiH: <j[)hjioco(|)'b EafepcoHB it KapjieiiJib. 
Oh'b roBopHT'b, HTO OHH apHCTOKpaTH HO BOBBHineHHOcTH cBoero 
Ayxa H AGMOKpaTH no jiio6bh k-b "qeJioBtHecTBy, no ^ejianiK) 
fijiara BcfeMB. KaK-b yBJieKaiejibHo C. roBopHTB oC'b aTOMB..." 
Ho 6a6yniKa, o^eBHAHO, ne yBJieKajiacb ^thmb. Ona bhhh- 
CHBaerb i^ijiHe CTpanni^H hbb JKyKOBCKaro, ntcKOJibKO pasB 
njHTHpyeT'b Mohtbhh B-b hjioxomb pyccKOM-b nepeBOA*, ho Bce 
OTO 6e3i> CBOHX'b 3aM'feHaHiit hjih AonojiHenil!. TopasAO ropa^'fee 

ona OTHOCHTCH Kb SKUTeUCKRWh (|)aKTaM'b: 

„CeroAHH Ho^bio BHroptjia PadoBKa. C. onnTb paCoTajiB, 
KaK-b jieB^b, GpocajicH npaMO bi> oroHb, OTKyAa h cnacb Map- 
THHHxy cb BHyKoft. Fepoii!!!" 

„y^xajnb. njiaKajiB MHoro... Ohb mh^ KyM-b h cbohkb... 
JSfiL3Re noMHceji'b — dojibmoft rpixB... ^o^b — neBicTa... YMOJinjia 
yfexaib... OAHH-b Bor-b snaeirb, KaKB a..." 

Ha aioMB cTpaHHqa KOH^aeTca h Bcfe AaJibnifimiH ynnnTo- 
meHH. Si npHnoMHHJii>, hto a'^A'b Cepr'feitt H'fecKOJibKo pasi* 
npvhsTRdijrh ns^hssi rpannnH, ho, oneBHAHo, CaCyniKa (hjih kto- 
HH6yAb Apyroia) nopnajia see, hto OTHocHJiocb kb axoMy Bpe- 
MeHH. H ii 6eQi> KOJieGania p'femnji'b, hto 6a(3yniKa... 


8 iiojia. 
He OKOH^HJiB 9T0 HHCbMo B'lepa, Aoporan Bapsapa JIbBOBHa, 
noTOMy HTO KO MHi B-b KOMHaTy BoniJia BjiacbeBHa. SanncKH 
'6a6yniKH Jiemajiir nepeAo mho;^. Si cMyTHJicH, tohho ona noit- 
Majia MeHH bb BopoBCTBife, H, ^ejiaa CKpHXb Moe CMyn^enie, 
CKasaji'b efi: 

— Mfi'fe Hy^HO 6U 0CB060AHTb 9T0T'b HUJIHKB, a OWh HaHOJI- 
Heffb BOTB aTHMH GyMa^KaMH... HtO 3T0 TaKoe? 

— 9to noKofiHHi^a Mapba HBanoBHa nepeA^ cMepTbio CBoefi 
Bce HHTajiH, Aa pnajiH... A aTO ocTaJiocb B'b CTOJit, B03Ji'fe HX'b 

iCpOBaTH... HoCJlt HX'b CMepTH KTO-TO H3'b JIIOAefi Bce H CBa- 

jiHJi'b CK)Aa... KoMy ohh ny^HH? 

— HaAO HX'b C5Ke^b, — CKasaji'b a, to^ho onpaBAHBancb. 

— Mo5KHO... ^a Hero TyT-b ^e^b-To? H coTofi aojih ne ocTa- 


OBOPBAHHAflE HEPEnHCKA. 109 

jiocb... Bh 6h nocMOTp'fejiH, KaKie Bopoxa pBanofi OyMarn mh 
BKHocHjiH. KdiKh Baina MaMeHbKa Mapba GeAPpoBna CKOBna- 
jiHCb— 6a6yniKa mnCKo aaTocKOBajia h Bce HHTajia nncbMa Ka- 
kIh-to, Aa ajib6oMH, ^a TerpaiiH nepeCnpajia... HjiaKajia ona 

HaAl) HHMH TSiKhy KSiKb TOJIbKO Ha^'b AO^epbH) CBOefi HOKOfiHOil 

njiaKajia... A noTOM'b, y^'b KaK-b KWb ynepcTb, — pBaxb fiynary 
cxajiH H npHKasHBajiH 5KeHb... H Bce co cjieaaMii... 

— H BH 5Krjm? 

— BHHecemb KopsHHy, nocTaBHmb.. KoTopHa coatrjiH, ko- 
TopHH peCflTHniKz pacTacKa.ttH... Kyj^a rxt/? 

a ocTaBHJi'b HanaToe BB.wh nncbMO h CTSjit paaciipainHBaTb 
AraebH) BjiacbeBHy. 

Oea c-b poHc^eHba y nacb B'bAOM'b h homhht'b Aame' CMepTb 
jX'hpym.KK. Efi 6hjio Toriia jrhrh aeciiTb, ho ona iicho noMHHTb 
H ero HapyjKHOCTb: cxapyro h HaAyTyn), KaKT) roBoparb ona, h 
ero OojiiBHb, TH^ejiyH) fljia Bctx-b AOManiHMX'b. J^'feA'b Jiemajib 
nocji'bAHie Asa roAa mnanH pa36HTHH napajiH^eni) h CaCyniKa 
6Hjia ero neBOJibHOfit cA'feJiKOfi. /],0HepH (Moefl MaTepn) 6hjio 
Toma TpHHa^maib Jiti-b, h 6a6yniKa cziajia ee na pyKH rysep- 
HaHTKi, a caMa CHAt^Jia okojio OojibHoro Myma h njiaKajia. 

— Orh cKyKH OHi nJiaKajisr, hto jih? He Bnaio. ^yMaio: 
ceCii ma^nb 6hjio... Mo^hoahh TaKia, m KpacHBHs... A dapHHib- 
noKofiHHK'b Bce pyrajicH, Aa njieBaJi'b... 

— A TA'fe ^e jitA'b Ceprifil Chji'b bT) bto Bpena? — cnpo- 

CHJI'b a. 

BjiacbeBHa aaMJUiacb neMHoro, a hotom^, to^iho nexoTa^ 
OTB^THJia: 

— MajieHbKaa a TorAa* 6Hjia... He noHHMaJia HH^ero. Fobo- 
Phjih: 6paTba noccopHJiHCb Memay co6oh), h Ceprfeft Hjiapio- 
HOBHH'b B-b ^yms. BeMJiH yfexaji'b... OneHb AaJieKO Ky;ia-TO... 
KorAa CTapHii fiapHH-b ynepjin — TBKh Cepr-fefi-TO HjiapioHO- 
BH^T) HyTb He nepesT) roA'b AO'bxajiH CK)Aa. 

Oea onaxb aaMOJi^ajia. Mwh nejiOBKO 6hjio paBcnpaniHBaTb, 
a BM'bcT't cb rbM'b HeyAep5KHM0 xoT'fejiocb ysHaTb, "rhuij xaK'b 
MyHHJiacb 6a6yniKa. 

— H ocTajica BA'fecb HascerAa? 

— KaKoe!... Ho^hjih neMHoro h ohhtb yfexajiH... 

— Eo^eMy? 

— FoBopHJiH, ^To GeAopi) Hji.TiapioHOBHH'b nepeA'b CMepTBio 
npHKasajiH, hto6h ho nycKaxb cioAa fipaxa... ^a b^ab hhkto 
BToro He cjiHxaji'b!.. FoBopHJiii, hto 6a(3yniKa caMH tslkb pacno- 
pHAHjiHCb... Cepr'fett HjiapioHOBKH-b oto Bcero HMtnia oxKaaa- 
jracb, a Hxi) ;Ke h BHrnajiH... 

BoTb KaKi) TOJiKOBajiocb noBeA6Hie 6a6ymKH! 

— Oa-b, KameTca, 6b[jn> o^enb Ao6pHft? — onaxb cnpocHJib a. 

— J[s. ym'b TaKofl xopomif!, TaKofl AoGpHft, hto it cKasaxb 


110 pyCCKOB BOrATOTBO. 

Hejibsa. KaK-B npiixaJTb, ceflnacB Bcfex'b cbohx-b otopoehx-b 
ornycTHJTL na bojik)... KpecTbaH'B nepeBeJii> na ofipoK'b; npa bh- 
Kyn'fe Besfli ycTynaji'B nnTyio nacTb... 3a nero h ceKnacB mo- 
jiflTCH BA'fecb... H 3a HTO TaKoro ^eJioB'bKa noryOHJin!!. 

— Kto noryOiiJi'b? — p-femnTejibHo cnpocHJi'b a. 
BjiacbeBHa, to^ho ne cJiHma Menn, — npoA^Ji5Kajia: 

— Hamefi cecip'fe Heronan naj^o... Xopomnx'B mei ho jno- 
CHM-b... Kor^a oh'b nepe^t-B BOliHOli-TO npii^xajr-B ciofla, a yatt 
coBC'feMi> Oojibmaa 6b[Jia, Bce noHHMajia... Bn^itjia, Kamb ofb 
yOHBajica... He cb paAOCTH B'b onojineHbe nomejTb... Pymba 
B'b pyKHHe Cpajii) HHKorAa h Bjipyr-b HaBo^Hyl He ciy paAOCTH... 
A KSiKoti KpacaBei^'b-TO OhjiI)!... Bh hsbojihjih BHA'feTb nopTpei'b 
HX-B... Sjifkch owb TA-fe-TO y fiaCyniKH aajiomen'B 6ujny... 

H BjiacbeBHa cb fltjiaHHo - paBHOAymnHMi) bhaom-b bh^bh- 

Hyjia OAHH-B H3'B MROTEXTy HmHHKOB'B CiOpO H AOCTaJia OTTyAa 

njiocKift (|)yTJiap'B... BjiacBeBHa o^chb jiobko naacajia npyacHHKy 
H oTKpHJia KpHHiKy. Ha BHqB'feTineM'B MajiHHOBOM'B 6apxaT'fe 
jiesKaji'B BA'feJiaHHHfi B'B oBajiBHyro 6poH30ByK) paMKy ^arepoTHn- 
HHft nopTpeT-B. J],'feAi> Cepr'fea H8o6pa5KeH'B na HeMT> KpacaB- 
ri;eMT> Cjiohahhom'b, cb CojibniHMH nyniHCTHMH ycaMH h acHHMH, 
CM'fejiHMH rjiasaMH. Ha HeM'B nepEHfi 6apxaTHHli nHA^taKi) h 
mnpoKiti cBtTJiHft rajicTyxTb, 3aBJi3aHHHfl[ CojibniHM'b 6aHT0M'B. 
^OBOJibHO AJiHHHHe BOJiocH 3aHecaHH HasaA'B. 

— Kor^a 3T0 cfl'fejiaHO? — cnpocHJi-B ai 

— He 3HaH)-c'B, — Bce cb t'^m'b me jiijiaHHHM'B paBHOAyiiiieMi> 
nporoBopHJia BjiacbeBHa. — TaMTb ^to-to noAnHcano. 

H osa BHHyjia nopTpeTB h3'b oeajiBHaro yrJiy6jieEda $yT- 
jiapa. HoAB HHMB HHMB Jie^Kajia saTpenanan memasf 6yMa^Ka, 
cjio5KeHHaa b'b H-fecKOJiBKO pas'B H cnjirocHyraa nopTpeTOM'B. 
BjiacbeBHa to^ho ne BHAajia ee, a yKa3ajia MH-fe na HaAHHCb 
Ha o6paTHOfi CTopoH'fe AarepaTHna. Ho cepH30B0My aTJiacy (3hjio 
HanHcano nepHUjiaMH: „roz];'b 1853. Main 12-ro ahh. HepernHBerB 
jiH 3T0 HH^To^Hoe H3o6pa5KeHie Hamy Apy^6y?** 

J],arepoTHn'b BHUiB-fejiB, no6ji'fe;iH'feji'b, ho h3'b paMKH CMOTpai'B 
Bce eme mHBHe, nojiHHe mhcjih rjia3a, h Bce jihiijo CBibTHTca 

paHOCTBK) mH3HH... A ^TO OCTaJIOCB OT-B dTOTO JIHUia TaM'B, nO^^ 

KaMHeM'B y i^epKBH? A ;ipy^6a? F^'fe ona? B'B hcm-b ea cji-feAH 
HJiH npncyTCTBie? 51 TaKTb 6hji'b B3B0JiH0BaHi>, hto 3axJionHy^'B 
KpHDiKy Ciopo, oTnycTHJi'B AraebK) BjiacbeBHy h xoT'feji'B iio^tu 
noCpoAHTb... Ho MHCJib 6a6yniK'fe He Aanajia mhIs noKoa. H h 
BepnyjicH, BHnyji'b cjiomeHHyio 6yMa5KKy h3'b nopxpeTa h npo- 
^eji'B TaM'B: 

„H ySHjia Te6H... JIioSHJia tojibko Te6a o^Horo bck) ^h3HB h 
y6HJia... Fp'fex'B 6hjio jik)6htb h a cojirajia TOG'S... H TonepB He 
3HaK): KaKoti rp'fex'B Tamper npecTynnaa jik)6obb hjih Ao6poA'fe- 
TOJiB, cryfiHBniaa Te6a?" 


OBOPBAHHAfl nEPEUHCKA. HI 

BcK) HOHB a He cnaJi'B. JKhshb, cl ea 6HCTpo Hecyiij,HMHca 
;i;hjimh h HO-qaMH, cb ea MHMOJieTHHMH pa^ocTiiMH H ne^ajiiiMH, 
bnjiTb noKaaajiacb mh* TaKoft MajieHbKoK h BM-fecii cb rfeMi> 
TaKOil saraAO^iHOtt... ' 

C. P. 

XLI. 

IleTepOyprB. 15 iioHii. 
5i He jik)6jik), KorAa roBopHTB o Hbeft HHOyAb JiK)6oBHofl 
HCTopiH, noTOMy HTO aTo Bcer;ia HMieTB xapaKiepB cnjiexHZ, 
ocy^KAema, sajiiaaHiii Bt nymym Ayniy, o6HCKa ^ymoro cep^oa. 
B^B BameMB paacKaai o 6a6yniK'b HH^ero Bioro h^tb. Ona 
vmjia HaBceraa h BHt BcaKHXB ocy^icAeHifi h cnjieieHB. H ea 
HecnacTHaa jik)6obb ne bhxoahtb y Mena h3b tojiobh. A rjias- 
Hoe, Mena My^^mxB mhcjib: neymejiH to, hto nasHBaioTB „5kii3hbk)", 

T. e. AGHB 3a AHeMB, CB MaJieHbKHMH ^HTeftCKHMH SafiOTaMH H 
MBJIO^aMH, M05KeTB BHTpaBHTB BB HeJIOfiiKi BCe, KpOMi AyM'B 

MarepiajibHbEXB CjiaraxB? HfeB, ne MomerB fibrrb! 51 HasBajia 
6u BB,wh o^eHb MHoro CTapmcoBB, KOTopne ao caMOli cnepTH 
<50xpaHflK)TB no;ieTB mhcjih it acHOCTb yMa, KaKOMy Moryrb no- 

SaBHAOBaTB H MOJIOAHe. fl He rOBOpH) TjiaACTOH'fe, J^apBHHi, 

o TaKHXB BejiHKanaxB; H'ferB, cpeAH OKpy^aioni.HX'B Mena a Mory 
jaasfiaib BaM-B MHoro HMen'b... HeymeJiH 3to 'yjx'hjn> menmnHH? 
Pa* ^e Ta „6oJibinaii Aynia", o KOTopoit bh rbBopnjiH? H bh 
jioMHMo Toro, HTO 6a6yinKa npocTO 3aHHTepecoBajia Mena, no- 

naJTH MH'b B-b 60JIbH0e M'feCTO. MH'fe nOCTOaHHO COJIbHO BHA^Tb, 

icaK'B sKenmHHa (bb OoJibniHHCTB'h cjiy^aeBB cb noMombio nysK- 
-^HHH) orpaHiiHHBaeTB CBoe cymecTBOBanie, KaKB ona, no cod- 
<3TBeHH0My meJianiH), HH3B0AHTTb ce6a na hhskIH ypoBenb h Tpa- 
THTca Ha MOJioHz. MojioAHa meHui;HHH, a naiuie Bcero A'^ByniKH, 

peyTCH KB CB'jiTy, KB 3HaHiK), KB CBOfiOA'fe; y HHXB KHnaTB HAeH, 

OTpeMJienia... Y 6ojibniHHCTBa nomnjiHXB 5KeHni;HHB Bce 3to HC^e- 
^jio KyAa-TO, MaTepiajibHHa KOM(|)oprb h AyineBHoe cnoKoficTBie — 
BOTB HXB HAeajiB. Hztefl HHKaKHX'B, OAHt AOManiflia 3a6oTH. 
a HacTO yB'fepHJia ce6a, hto 3to Moe 3a6jiy^AeHie hjih npn- 
AHpKH. H CMOTptJia, HanpHMipB, Ha cecTpy Moero My^a, ^^Ke- 
jiajia BB Heft nafiTH HT0-HH6yAb, Kpoivcfe xHiij;HH^ecKHX'b hhcthhk- 
TOBB H caMoro OTKpoBeHHaro ce6iiJiio6ia. H KorAa ona na^H- 
Hajia roBopHTB cb osjioCjienieMB „o nepeAOBHX-B ^Kenni.HHax'B", 
o A'fe-aTejibHHi];axB, o tomb, hto ^Renni.HH'fe ne nysKHO hh ocoCen- 
Haro o6pa30BaHiH, hh A^Jia, a TOJibKoceMba — uwh CTanoBHJiocb 
.^ajib ee; AyMajiocb, ^to HaBipnoe bb mojioaocth BOJiHOBaJio ee 
^T0-HH6yAB noBHEie Toro, bb ^eMB ona ^khbotb Tenepb... H a 
yMojiKaJia, a ona CMHTajia Mena nofi'^H^A^HHO^. 

OneHb ^acTo, KorAa a rosopio o tomb, mto ne o xji'66'b cah- 

JHOMB SKViB'Jb ^ejIOB^KB — UR'h TOBOpaTBI 


112 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

— KoFAa Mym'b AacTb BaMi> 6ojiJbmiii cpeACTBa, KoneHHO, o 
xji'fefi'fe BaCoTHTBCH He^ero. 

KpyroMi> MeHJi McemiiiHHH acHByrb tojibko BemaMH h bt> 
Beiu;ax'L, BOJiHyioTCH MaTepiajibHHMH BOJiHeBdaMH, pa^yroTca 
TOJibKO 5KHTe^cKHMi) fijiaraMi). H Korjta a. Bnacy aceHinHHy, 
HcnoBtjiiyiDmyK) flpyria aanoBiAH h oxpaHaioniyK) CBoa CBaraa 

CBHTBIX'L, BHMty, KaKI) OHa flO CTapOCTH UpOHCCJia CBOH HAeH H 

H He paapoHHJia HXTb no Aoport — h npHMnpniocb h ci> 5KH3Hbro, 
H CO eTapocTBH). Bam'B paacKas'b o 6a6yniKi. sacTaBHTB Mena 
eii],e name CMOTptTb bi> ce6si, a ne na ce6H. Mwh HHKorAa ne 
3a6HTb ero. H Bipio BaM'B, hto b-l neii h cji-fe^a ne ociajiocb 
HH MoHT3Ha, HH KapjieflJiH — HH^ero, H'feM'b ona BOJiHOBajiacb h 
^KHJia KorAa-TO. Hey^KeJiH, ecjin npomjia jiiofiOBb — to npomjiz h 
jiy^inia CTpeMJienia, Htrb! Tbkb neBosMO^Ho ^KHXb. 

Hsjy Bamero nHCbica a yacHHJia cefi-fe, ^to Jxi>A,Ty Ceprili 

^HJI-b BTb TypbHX-b I'opaXTb HtCKOJIbKO JlfeTB.H HOTOMT), nOCJI"]^ 

cMepTH 6paTa, onaib npiiaacaji'b h^ckojibko pasi). H Bce BpeMH 

5KHJia jiK)6oBb HXi)! A 6a6yniKa ocTajiacb Bipna noKoteoMy h 

HejiK)6HM0My MyjKy! Tenepb 6h BTOMy ne noBipHJiH hjih ocM-b^JiH, 

HeAaBHO BT) oCmecTBi ojxRWb nomnjioit nejioB'feK'B cKaaajTb: 

— HnorAa BtpnocTb bi> ^eHmHEi npocTO npHBHHKa. 
A MojiOAOfl npnCaBHji'b: 

— H Aypnaa npHBH^Ka... 9to masKAa cnoKotoofi, BaTHOft 

TRllSKW. npH3HaKT> M'femaHCKOfl HaTypH, HJIH AyXOBHOft H, TJiaB- 
HOe, (|)H3i0JI0rHHeCK0ft HHmeTH... 

— A BH He AonycKaere BipnocTH no yOi^Aemio, no npaB- 
CTBeHHOit ^HCTonjioTHOCTH? — cnpocHJia a. 

Bcfe 3acM'feHJiHCb, H ^ennpiEH h My^KHHHH. H ecjiH 6h a 
oTAajia HM-b Ha cyji,i> nocjrfeAHioK) 3anHCKy 6a6yniKH, nattAeHHyio 
BaMH noA'b nopTpeTOMT> — a. 3HaK), KaKoK CHJi-b 6h npnroBop'b. 

MysKa Bce Hi-rb, ho h ne mjiy ero, KaK'b npem;ie. H b-b 

STOWb — TOCKa 5KH3HH. H SI UB^JCh H 6iry OT-b 9T0Ja TOCKH, HO 

iioKa njioxo cnpaBJiaiocb cii coGoli. 

HnorAa a CTapaiocb ynipHTb ce6a, ^ito HH^ero ne cjiyHH- 
jiocb, ^To MyjK'b yixajTb 3a rpaHHn;y no A'^-Jiy, "^to a nonpea:- 
HOMy jih)6jiio ero... H MHi na MrHOBeme A'feJiaeTca paAocTHo 
^HTb. Ho a ceftnacb ^e nposp'feBaro h onaTb uwh cxaHOBHTca 
lamKo... IIpaBAa 5kh3hh npHAannjia Mena. Ho a ne cAaMca e^. 
Bh yBHAHTO, ^iTO OHa He cjioMHTb Mena. 

KaK'b 6h MH'fe xoTijiocb BHA'feTb Bacb! HeymejiH bh ne npi- 
iAGTe B-b neTep6ypri>? Hey^ejnj Bacb ne TaneTb BHA'feTb Ba- 
maro necHacTHaro, oAHHOKaro Apyra? 

B. ^. 


J 


OBOPBAHHAfl HEPEnHCKA. 113 


I 


XLH. 

T. TopH. 20 iioHH. 

MHJiaa Bapsapa JIbBOBHa! — Sa^'bM'B a npii^iy bI) IleTep- 
Cypr'b? H T^K'b yinejii> ot-b Bameia 5kh3hh, otl Bamnx'B boji- 
nemft h nenajiefi, hto mh* yme Tpy^Ho noHHTB Baci>, h BaM-B 
6hjio 6h TaHcejio co mhoA. il onsiTh CTajii> 6h roBopHTB ^BdiWh 
HenpomeHHyK) npaB^y, h bh onaiB BejiijiH 6h mh* yfexaTB. 
Jlynme ocTaneMCii KamAHfl y ceCa h *6yAeMi> nepenHCHBaTbca 

y Mena EHKor^a ne 6hjio Apyra, h a Aopo:«cy ;ipy5K6oli cb 
BEMH, Aopomy Thwh, HTO Mory oHcaTB saM'B Bce H 060 BCeMI), 
noTOMy ^TO KorAa nnmy Baal's — bh odna nepeAO mhoA:, Cest sa- 
mefi paMKH... H bh B*b tiHCBMaxt CTanoBHTecB HCKpeHsie h 
npaBAHBie. He cepAHTecB, Aoporaa, ^to roBopio Ta.Kh. Bh He 
noB'fepHTe, Kan's a HacxpaAajica otT) cosflama, hto bh TaK-B MorjiH 
jiraTB MH-fe. 51 crapaiDCb He AyMaxb o moM^ nncbM'b, ho HHorAa 
OHO Kajcb jihjiowb oCmiaAHBaeT'b MHt cepAo;©, h bh cTanoBH- 
Tecb MH'fe ^yacoK), hotth HenaBHCTHoio. HnorAa a npocnnaiocb 
Becb BTy cjieaax'b, noTOMy hto BHmy bo CH'fe Bact h BcnoMHHaio 
npo M., npo Bce, ^to bh nepe5KHJiH, a rjiaBHoe npo rb jxbsl 
roAa, KOTopne a finBajit y BacB. 

HnorAa a sjiiocb na ce6a, sjirocb na to, nroMor'b noB'fepHTb 
CBaTocTH nexepCyprcKOli AaMH (npocTHTe Mena!), sjiiocb, ^to 
Ao cfeAHX-b BOJiocb He Hay^HJica noHHMaTb JiioAefi, ajiiocb Ha 
Bacb H yB-bpaio ce6a, ^to laKHX-B M. 6hjio MHoro... 

H a 6pocaK) Bce h HAy na moio jiK)6HMyK) CKaMefltKy na KJiaA- 

dHIH.'fe. ^HCTO, aCHO H THXO KpyrOM^b. SA'bCb, TOJIbKO BA'fecb a 

Mory ocBoGoAHTbca ox's Bcbx-b mohx'b BHyrpeHHHX'B MyK-B. Si 
Hsy^Hji'b Bce KJiaA6Hui,e h y^e He saMi^aK) hh hmoh'b, hh 
HaAUHcea. H snaK), hto Tan's, y BxoAa, na noKpHBHBmeMca 
KpecTt HanHcano: 

„0 MepTBHX'B He rpycTH! Ohh onpaBHjmcb otte> 6ojih h ©bo- 
60AHH"... 

y caMoflt uiepKBH, HaATb MornJioii jkohh cBan];eHHHKa, na ^y- 
ryHHOM'b naMaTHHK'fe bhjihth cjiiAyroH^.i-a CTpoKH: 

„He b4hho hh^to noAt JiyHor): 

CtTojiBK Bece^ia nacL, 

A saBTpa jie>KHM't noAt seMjieio 

H saBTpa He BcnoMH^Tx 06'h HacL**... 

A y MOHX'B HOP'S — HMena caMnx-s MH'fe 6jih3khxi> JiioAeli 

TojisKo HMena, h'^ckojisko GyKB's, npeAcxaBJiaioniiHX's h BHibni- 

HOCTs H Ayniy — ^Bcero ^ejioB^Ka. HpaMo y hop's — MOPHjia Moepo 

A^Aa — OTi^a Moe:a MaTepn cs HaAHHCSK): ^Hoa's ohm's KaMHOM's 

K 4. OTxtfB I. 8 


114 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

noKOHTca npaxi) rBap;i;iH nojiKOBHHKa h KaBajiepa Geflopa Hjia- 
pioHOBH^a JlyacHHa. Poa. bI) 1802-m'b roAy, ckohh. b'b 1849. 
iKHTia ero 6hjio 47 ji^tI) h Tpn M^fecHi^a". Pfl;iOMi> — MorHJia ero 
Opaxa, Toro A*Aa Cepr'feH, o KOTopoMt a nHcaji-B bslwe. Ha 
njiHTi eAsa Momno nponecTb: ^IloTOMCTBeHHHli ABopflHHH'b 
CeprM HjiapioHOBH^'B JlymHH'B. Poa. b'b 1814 r. Ckoh^. B'b 
1857 r." A BHH3y mcjikhmh CyKBaMH BbLcbneHo: „H CMepxB eny 
eABa JiH cKameTTb, aa^'feM'B oh'b meJi'B aojihhoA: nyAHofi cjies'B, 
cTpaAajit, pHAaJi-B, Tepn'feji'B, hchcs'l^^.. 

MorHJia OTn;a npHinjiacL neMHoro B'B CToponi^: „^m>si JIur- 
TpieBHH'B P^nojioBCKiii. Maiop'B b'b OTCxaBK'fe. Poa. b'b 1821 r. 
Ckoh'i. B'B 1882 r." Phaom'b — mophjih 6a6ymKH h Maxepn, a 
c6oKy nojiypasjitainifica xojimhk'b, hoab kotophm'b nanijia no- 
KoK 6e3noKOilHaa Jlejia... 

Bcfe OHH 5KHJIH, cTpaAajiH, GopojiHCB... Y KamAaro ilst> ewtl 

6hJIH CBOH COMH'feHia, MyKH, CJieSH... CkOJIBKO HX'B npOJIHTO — 

ecJiH coOpaTB Bcb BM'fecT'fe? Ckojibko AyM-B nepcAyMano, no^eft 
He npocnaHo, cTpaAaHiU bchkhx'b h (|)H3H^ecKHX'B, h HpaB- 
CTBeHHHX'B BHCTpaAaHO... H TenepB — rjx'h Bce 8to? K'b HCMy? 

SaH'feM'B? 

H onaiB nepeAO mhoU ^icho Bcxajia Bca MHMOJieTHOCTb 6h- 
tIh... H h npe^Ae nacio AyMaji'B o neft... Ho Bjx'hch aia mhcjib 
nocTOHHHO CO MHoS H oco6eHHo 6jiH3Ka ona MHi, KorAa a npn- 
xomy K'B MOHM'B MorHjiaMB... H KaK'B npemAe — ona npHBOAHjia 
MeHa B'B oT^aame, xaK-L 3A'fecb ona mch^ y cnoKOHBaeT'B ^ h ocbo- 
SoHCAaeT'B... 

^a, 3A'fecB, Ha norocTt, a. BApyri) HyBCTByio ce6a cbo6oa- 

HHM'B, He T^rOTHT'B HH AOCaAa, HH 3JI06a, HH JIR)60Bb. BcejiH^- 

Hoe yxoAHTB KyAa-TO B^ajiL, ciiAHinb h cMoipHinb Ha ce6a co 
CTopoHH, To^HO ^ysKHMH TJiasaMH. H Mory npeACTaBHTb ced-fe, 
HanpHM'ip'b, HTO jx^m> Cepr-fefl tji^aht'b na Mena H3'b-noA'B 
CBoero TasKejiaro KaMna h AyMaeT'b: 

jjTeCi copoK'b ABa ro;ia, a pa3B'fe th acHBemb? pa3B'fe th 
^KHJi'B? Dhoctb ynijia na 6e3nJiOAHoe HeroAOBanie, MOJioAocTb 
Ha HeyAa^HyK) A'^HTejibHocTb, neyAaMHyio jiioOoBb... Bca5KH3Hb — 
cnjioniHaa HeyAana. To^HonaAo mjxaub Bcero H3BH'b: yAacTca — 
xopomo, He yAacTca—Bca 5KH3Hb sa^epKHyTa". 

EcjiH 6h a pa3roBapHBaji'b cb.A^AOM'b, a, Kone^Ho, CKa3aji'b 
du eMy, ^To BHHOBax'B He a, a pyccKaa AtficTBHTejibHocTb, hcto- 
pH^ecKH-cjiomHBmiaca oOcToaTejibCTBa h t. a- h t. a. Ho Tan's 
KaK'B a 3HaH), hto OH'b Mena He ycjiHinHi'b, to a MOJi^y HCjiy- 
maio ero: 

„H BB BOCeMHaAI^aTb Jl'fel'b OKOHHHJI'b MOCKOBCKiit yHHBep- 

cHTeT'B, njiacajiB na Oajiax-B, ^iHxaJi'b, BJiio6jia.Jica, odomaJi'B 
no93iK) H npoKJiOHajica nepeA'B iiHcaTejiaMH. KorAa MH'fe noKa- 
sajiH JlepMOHTOBa — a ^yTb ne dpocHJica eny B'b Horn. A MBrfe 


OBOPBAHHA.fl[ HEPEnHOKA.. 115 

TorAa 6hjio yme juBaAi^aTB iihtb Ji'feTi>... Bcfe copoKoBHe roAa npo- 
acHJrB a. 3a rpaHHn;efi, vjn'h mnsHb KHnijia KJiio^eM'b, mwdEh iiojih- 
TH«iecKaH, HayHHaa, HAefl:Haa... H h He Ctmajii) otb hgh, ne Ooajica 
^a... A noTOMi) — npi'feBfl'B na poAHHy, noAroTOBHTejibBDbia paCoTH k-b 
ocBoOomfleHiH) KpecTBHH'B, KOToparo uwh He npHmjiocb ao- 

^JiaTBCH, yCTpoliCTBO MOirX'B KptnOCTHHX'B, o6poKH, BHKyni>... 

H noBepxB Bcero 9Toro: jik)(5obb, npKaa, HHCTaa, Bce npoHH- 
^aBinaa co6oii h TaKaa CHJibHaa, ^to nodiA^Jia CMepiB... H 
yfexaji-B Ha Boitny, ztpajicn, KaKB JieB-B, HCKaji'B nyjin; ona na- 
mjia MeHH, ho yMHpaxB a npiixaji'b ciojia h yMep'b na MnjiKXt, 
jiio6hmhxt> pyKax'B... XyAO-jiH, xopomo-JiH — ho si mnji'B.A th?" 
H a cMOTpK) Ha ce6a ne ci> OT^aanieMi), a cb co^ajrfemeM'B 
H AyMaK): /ta! il ne mHjn>! To, hto a coCnpajica A'feJiaTB b-b yHH- 
BepcHTeii H A'tJiaJTB xaittKOMB — ne 5kh3hb. Moa KopoTKaa jifka- 
TejiBHocTB, nopBan^a ne mhoU h noKopno ne npoAOJisKaenaa 
AajiBme •' He masHb. Moe yBjie^enie coBepnieHHO qy^Aofl: mh4 
i^'feBymKoii h ^eHHTB6a na nefl: — ne schshb. H HaKonen;!), Moa 
„Hec^acTHaa jih)6obb" — pasBi aTO jkhshb? fl HyncTBOBajiB, ^to 
a He KHJii) H He Hy^KeHt h ne ymeJiB, a ho^th ABa ro^a 5KAajrB, 
HH Ha ^To He HaA'feacb, h naAO^AaJTB ceet h ApyrHMiJ.. H a 
roTOBT) Ohji'b KpHKHyTB A'^^y Ceprtio: Kone^HO, AJia aToro ne 
CTOHJTo poAHTBca, sKwub H yMepeTb!.. Ho MHi BApyrB 6pocHJiacB 
BB rjiaaa npnnHCKa na ero Mornjii: „H cMepTB eny eAsa-jiH 
cKameTB, aa^'feM'B* oh'b mejiB^AOJiHHOfl ^yAHoK cjieai), CTpaAaJi'B, 
pHAajiT), TepnijiB, Hc^ea'B'*... 

Hc^eSB! Bt> KOHIxt KOH^OB'B He BCe-JIH paBHO KaKOU Aopo^K- 

Kofl: npHATH KT) 9T0My? a H3(5paji'B Ty^ KOTopyro c^HTaio eAHH- 
OTBOHHO B03M0^H0fi jijui ce6a; HsCpaji'B ee hohth 6e3co3HaTejibHO 
H TOJiBKO TenepB, KorAa bh no3BajiH Mena — mh^ CTajio acHO 
icaK'B a y me JIB otb Moeit npe^KHefl ^h3Hh... Eni;e neAaBHo mh4 

Ka3ajI0CB HeMHCJIHMHMB y^ATH 0Tb BCerO, ^TO aKOCH ^HBeTB, 

x)Ta a nacTo nyBCTBOBajiT) noTpe6HOCTB yfiATH, BCTpaxnyTBca h 
OTpaxnyTB cb ce6a Bce, ^to najinnjio h ocfejio na mh* 3a bck) 
MOK) npomjiyH) skhshb. Bm TenepB 3HaeTe ee: ckojibko neny^- 
Haro, rpa3Haro, nomjiaro h npaMO nocTHAHaro. SI ynieJiB nyme 
TenepB mh^ ne npnjiaAHTBca kb BaMB, k'b Baniefi neTepCyprcKOtt 
acH3HH CB ea Hait30JiHBHMH TpeCoBaniaMH h ne HacToani;HMH 

JIIOABMH. 

TojibKo ceft^acB, KorAa a npeACiaBHJiB ceCt, ^to Mory no- 
'fexaTB B'B neTepSypri — a yBHAaJTB, KaKB a CBoGAeffB bb MoeMB 
•o/iflHo^ecTB'fe. Be3i> Hero h^tb caMocToaTeJiBHOCTH, H'feT'BnojiHaro 
ocBo6omAeHia otb Toro copamH3HH, KOTopnfi A'^JiaeTB ^ejioB'fe- 
necKoe cyni.ecTBOBaHie TaKHMB MejiKHMT) h fiesnjioAHHMB... H 
OTKasaTBca otb 3Toro OAnHonecTBa a yme ne bb CHJiaxB, OTAaTB 
<5e6a AoSpoBOjiBHO Bt paCcTBO y^te ne Mory h noaTony conep- 
ineHHo HCKpeHHo roBopio BaMBi a ne npi^Ay- C. P. 

8* 


116 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 


XLIV. 

HeTepCypr'B, 1 irojin. 
OAHHonecTBo! OcBoComAenie... H bh roBopHie aTo? H sebjo 
Bame npomjioe, sHaio, KaK'B bh nocipajiajiH 8a H^ro, h ne Mory 

nOHflTb, KaK'B BH MOFJIH y^ATH OT-B mHBOl! mH3HH, KaK'B MOFJIH 

HaflATH CBo6oAy B-B BameM'B oAHHonecTB'fe. He na HeoCH- 
TaeMOM'B yme ocxpoB'fe bh acHBeTe? 3a Bamefi cnHHOfi, KpyroMi> 

BaCB KHimrB 3KH3HB, HAeTB CMepTHHft 60ft, JIJOJIEL KHinarB, KaK'B 

MypaBBH, H 6bK)Tca 3a KaacAHj^ a^hb cymecTBOBaHia. A bh 3a- 
KpHBaexe 066*6 rjia3a h ymn h MenraeTe oe-B ocBo6oatAeHiH 
jiH^HOCTH nyrcM'B OAHHo^ecTBa. CHJia h cnacTbe ne b'b oahho- 
HecTBt, a m> cojinjiapHOCTH. Mh h 6e3B Toro Bcfe (|)aTaJibHO 
oCpe^eHH Ha AynieBHoe o^HHO'iecTBO. Co3AaBaTb ero h AiJiaiB 
jLSTy Hero KyjiBTTb — npocTo rp'fex'B. J]|a enije y nacB!.. 

Bh CKaatexe, ^ro Bce bto tpiohsmh, npoHHCHaa, OTSKHBmaa 
MopajiB... MoaterB 6htb! Ho a ne Mory cmhphtbch cb BamHM'B 

OTmeJIBHHHeCTBOM'B, OHO SJIETh MCHH. fl 3HaBD, HTO y BaCB- 

6oJiBmaH Hay^Haa 3a;iaHa, h a npeKjionaiocB nepeA'B Be^. Ho^ 
KpoM'b Bamefi nayKH, b'^a^ eme ocxaeTecB bh, cb Bamefl Ay- 
moft, a BH xoTHTe 3aKonaTb ee TaM'B, p^aom'b cb BamHMH mo- 
THJiaMH H 5KHTB fiesB jih)6bh, 6e3'B Apy^^H, Oes^B Toro AyxoB- 
Haro oCmemH, kotophm'b tojibko h Kpacna ;kh3hb nejioB'fcKa! 

He cepAHiecB na Mena, ho h ne Mory He roBopHTB BaM-B. 
np^BAy, H nocji'fcAHee Bame hhcbmo h orop^HJio, h pa3cep- 
AHJio Mena. 

B. H. 

XLV. 

TypBH TopH, 5 iioJiH. 
Cep;izTBca Ha BacB^ Aoporan BapBapa JIbBOBHa? 3a hto? 
3a TO, ^To BH He noHHMaeTe Mena?! 9to TaKB ecTecTBeHHot 
Mh ymjiH TaK'B AaJieKO oahh'b oniy Apyroro, ^to bhahm'b Apyr'B 
Apyra, a paacMoxp'feTb ne M05KeM'b, cjiHrnHMi), a pascjiuniaTb^ 
wkTh B03M05KHOCTH... H H y^e He noHHMaK) BacB. Bh roBopHTe 
MH'fe cojiHAapHocTH, a Mflt HpeACTaBJiHeTCH HeTepfiypr'b Ka- 
KOft-TO nycTHHefi[, rjifk jiioAefi tohho nec^HHOK'b bi> nycTHH'fe h 
KaHCAaa nec^iHHKa caMa no ce6'fe... Bh roBopHxe, ^to aa Moeii 
cnHHOfi JiiOAH 6bK)TCH 3a Ka^KAHK A^Hb cymecTBOBania h h ne 
BH5Ky 3Toro, a h BcnoMHHaio, KaK'B BB noABajii Aona paAOM'B 
ci> BaMH roAaMH mjio HCTaaanie A'feBo^KH nbaHHMB omoM'B a 
BH y3HajiH 3T0 TOJIBKO H3'B cyAe6Haro OT^oTa... BcnoMHHaerca 
MH'fe H eni;e oahh'b cjiy^afi. 9to 6hjio b'b IlapHm'fe, BecHOfir 


OBOPBAHHAH nEPEHHCKA. 117 

Kor;ia a 6hji'b SRewdxowh... SI 3aBTpaKajii> cb ohhhmi> anaKO- 

MHMT) (|)paHI^y30M1>. IIOJ^ajIH KaKOfi-TO COyCT) CB maMnHHbOHaMH. 

— Bh 3HaeTe OTKy^a 8to? — cnpocHJiL mo^ coOecfenHHKB. 
H cpasy ne nonaji-B ero Bonpoca. Oh'b npoAOJimajiB: 

— noA'B napHSKeMB, Ha rjiyCHH* Tpnai^aTH— tphotsth narH 
^eTpoB-B (9T0 npH6jiH3HTejibH0 jxBB, nHTH8Ta»tHtix'B AOMa) cyme- 
-CTByioTL KaTaK0M(5H, Tjsfh CB yipa jxo Be^epa KonomaTCH cothh 
<3rop6jieHHHXB jiioAeli... Han'B hxb rojiosaMH, rfl-fe-TO, ciaeT'B 

<5QJIHU;e, MHaTCH 9KHna5KH, DiB-feTyTB UiB^TH, HACTB yTOHHeHHaa 

urpa^yscTBB z BOoCpaaceniH, a ohh bb Bi^Holi tbhI^, bT) bo- 
HiD^eii CHpocTH pa6oTaK)TB Haji'B 9Tofl: razrocTBK), KOTopyro botb 
MH •feAHM'B cefi^acB... KamAoe yipo n3'B rjiyCoKHX'B KOjioAii;eB'B 

nOUHHMaiOTCH Ha 6,TI0KaX'B rpOMaAHHil K0p3HHH CB O-fejIKMH — 

comme une neige mousseuse — maMnnHBonaMH h mh notAaeMB 
Hx-B F Aa^^e He 3HaeM'B, OTKyAa ohh Cepyrca! A TaM'B, b'b hoa- 
seMeJiBaxT), sruo^ cTpamnHll SKap-B,, CHpoit yAyniJiHBBra mapt, 
a wTbTOM'B npoHH3HBaK)ni;ili CHpoK xojioab... H i^ijioe Hacejieme 

inaMHHHBOHn^HKOB'B CB ^SHaMH H A^TBMH H3B TOAa BB TOAB 

pa6oTaeTB TaM'B... 

H noMHK), KaKB ero pa3CKa3'B, paci^Bi^eHHHfl pasHHMH 
<|)paHi^y3CKHMH (|)iopHTypaMH, noA'feiicTBOBaji'B na Mena... nocjii 
3aBTpaKa a oTnpaBHjica Kb neBicrfe. Ona 5KAajia Menii, hto6h 
4xaTB K'B MOAHCTK* 3a Aopo^HOfi mjisnio% H 6HJia OCOCeHHO 
HepBHaa... Moit pascKas'B coBcbM'B pa3CTpoiwiB ee, ona pacnjia- 
KajiacB, roBopHjia o B03MyTHTejiBHoK HecnpaBeAJiHBocTH, o'^e- 
CTOKOCTH jiioAeit, B03Myiii.ajiacB BceoOm.HM'B paBHOAymieMB... 
A ^epe3'B ^acB, ona, KpoMi Aopo^Hoii mjianKH, BH6pajia eni;e 
ABi H Bejrfejia npHCJiaTB ceCi, h h noompajiB ee Ha 9to, h mh 
yace He AynajiH, ^to A'feJiaeTca hoab HaniHMH HoraMH na rjiy- 

CHH'fe B'B COpOKI> aprnHH-B... 

S. He 6yAy tobophtb — 6buio jih ^T0-HH6yAB noAo6Hoe b-b 
Bamefl: jkhshh, Aoporan BapBapa JiBBOBHa, ho AyMaro, hto h 
BH MorjiH 6u npHnoMHHTB KpyroM'B BacB Th me npoTHBop'feHlH 
H acecTOKocTH... 3to— mH3HB!.. H Jiynme Bcero laKB hjih BHa^e 

yfiATH OTB He^. 

C. P. 
XEVL 

IleTepCyprB, 9 iiojiH. 
KaKB y^ATH, KyAa yflATH, ecjiH axa 5kh3hb xBaTaeTi> BacB 
3a ropjio H saciaBJiaeTTb jkhtb... h My^HTBCii esKeceKynAHO?.. 
SI ysme neAi^iH Tpa ne nojiy^ajia hh cipo^KH otb My^ta h ne 
SHajia, HTo AyMaTb, h MeTajiacb ot'b 6e3noKOfitCTBa h3'b CTopoHH 
B'B CTopoHy... CeroAHii — hhcbmo, crpo^KH koch^, no^epK'B ne- 
poBHHa, cjiOBa He AOHHcaHH... KyHHHCKaH yMopjia na ero 
'pyKax^B H nocji'^AHia cuoBa en 6hjiz: He dpocaii MajiB^HKal 


118 pyOCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

BHKTOp'b p'feniHJI'B nOCBHTHTB BCK) aCH3Hb eMy, HO piIAOMI> CB- 
BTHMI) OHT) CXOAHTb Cb JTMa OTb TOCKH DO BhT* H BoBi, JMO-^ 

jineTTb npocTHTB ero, nnmeTL, hto ne aoctohh'l npomenia, h 
npneaBJiaerb, ^to ne nepemnBeTt, ecjiH a orroJiKHy ero.,. Offi>^ 
wsmeTb mh4, „ciiK)6aiii;efi h Bcenpom;aK)m;efl", a y mchh B'b 
cepAUi* KJiOK0^5yTB 3Jio6a z majiocTb, ne HimnaH, a ocKopfin- 
TejibHaa ;KajiocTi>... 

H a He 3Haio, ^rro A'feJiaTb, na hto pimHTbca! 3to Toate- 
5KH3Hb CI> ea ^eCTOKOCTbH) H npoTHBoptHiaMH! H HaAo yfitATH- 
oTh Hea? ^a? 

B. H. 

XLVII. 

IleTepCyprb, 10 iiojia. 
CeU^acb nojiy^HJia ^3i> HepBH TaKyio TejierpaMMy: „yM0JiaK> 
nprhssRSiA cb a^tlmh, cnacH Mena**. 
fl BH'fcssKaro ceroAHH Be^epoM'b. 

B. H. 

XLVIII. 

neiepCypr-b, 7 HoaOpa. 
IIoHTH HeTHpe Micania a HH^ero He snaio o nacb, Aoporoft 
CeprifiL HjibH^T). r^'fe BH? Hto cb BaMH? Mnoro xo^erca pa3- 
CKasaTb BaMT) h cTpamno npHKacaTbca kt> nepejKHTOMy... A ne- 
pe^HTO He Majio! Tenepb Bce neMHoro yjierjiocb h saTHXJio... 
HanHHiHTe MHi o cedt h o BameM'b Majib^HKi. 

B. H. 

XLIX. 

TypbH FopH, 11 Hoadpa. 
BapBapa JIbBOBHa, Aoporaa! 

fl yme nepecTaji'b sK^aTb nacbMa OT-b Bacb ii BApyr-b — 
6ojibmofi[ KOHBepT'b cb acnHMi), KpynHHM'b no^epKOM'b. H bi> 
3acHyBnieM'b cepAUii ^to-to BApyrb tohho 3aHHJTo... 

^a. HeTHpe Mtcai^a a HH^ero ne snaji-b o Bacb; cna^ajia 
BOJiHOBajica, noTOMi) Aa5Ke TocKOBaji'b ir, HaKOHeq'b, pimHdi'b, 
HTO TaK'b Jiy^nie... Ho hto :Ke 6hjio cb BaMH? Fa^ bh Chjih 
Bce Bpena? KaKb cjio^HJiacb Bama hchshb Tenepb?.. 

Bh cupaniHBaeTe o MoeiiCb Majib^HKi. Owh bI) Mockb*. 
51 OTHpaEHJi-b ero y^HTbca, caMOMy uwh 6hjio TpyAHO 3aHE- 
MaTbca c-b miwh. Ho a ycnijii) yme npHBasaTbca ri> neny h 
nepBoe Bpena nocjii ero orbisAa AasKO cKy^aJiT) Ces^h Hero. 

UOTOMI) npHBHK-b. H TenOpb COBCfeM-b OmWh. Jl^a, OAHH-b! BoTb 

Moe cocToame AyxoBHoe h (|)H3HHecKoe. Ho a ne majiyiocb. 


OBOPBAHHAff HEPEHHCKA. 119 

Ha^ena CBo6oAa, nafifleH'B noKofl! Tojibko HHorAa Ayjna aa- 
njianeTB o lenjii, o cojiei^i... Ho a roHio bto otb ceOa... 

Hto ate 6HJI0 nepeacHTo BaMH bt> 8th neTHpe M-fec^ma? Ecjih 
He oneHb CojibHO — no5KajiyKcTa, HanHmHTe mh*. 

C. P. 

L. 

neTep6ypri>, 15 Hoadpa. 

KorAa BHanajit iiojiii a Hanncajia BaM-B, ^to iay b-b 
HepBH— a caMa He snajia, ^t6 Cy^erB AaJiBine. SI anajia tojibko, 
HTO AOJiacHa ixaTB h cnacxH OTi^a mohx-b js.imeii. 

H BacTBJia ero coBepmenHO pa3(5HTB[Mi>, h npaBCTBeHHo h 
$H3HHecKH. Owb Mtcai^a itna yme He cnaji'B, cna^ajia otb Toro, 
^rro HH Ha MnnyTy ne otxoahji'b orB CBoeU GojibhoU, hotom-b — 
OTB CTpamnaro nepsHaro paacTpolicTBa... H oh'b, bhahmo, co- 
BC'bM'B He uon> BJiajitTb co6oflt. IlepBHe ahh namero npiisAa, 
OHB npH A'feTax'B Ha^iHHaji'B paacKasHBaTB mh^ o CBoeMi) ropt, 
CBoelt jih)6bh k^b noKoUHOfi; a yBOAHJia MajiBHHKOB'B h yxo- 
AHJia cana cb hhmh, KyAa rjiaaa rjiaA^JiH... Ohb ynpamMBaJi'B 
Mena ocTasaTBca cb hhm'b, ne OpocaTB ero, h a OTnpaBJiajia 
AiTeft, a caMa BHCJiyniHBaJia ero acajio6h[ h npHBHania. 

Ho eme CojiBme CTpaAajia a, Korjia ohb jiacKaji'B ea cHna, 
Cepemy. BnaHajii a coBepmeHHo ne Morjia bhhochtb 8Toro. 
KorAa Bhktopt> HBanoBH^'B KJiaji'B cbojo rojioBy Ha roJiOBy 
CepeatH h roBopHJTB eMy: „Hy hto moK MHJieHBidii"? KaK'B 6h- 
Bajio roBopHjii) HaniHM'B A'^thm'b, mohm'b A'^TaM'B — a Bca Cji^a- 
H'bjia H ydirajia hs-b KOMnaTH. H oGHAa, h 3jio6a, z rope paa- 
pHBajiH MHi cepAi^e b'b kjiohkh. fl i^tjiHft MtcaDi'B paCoTajia 
HaA'B C060K H He Morjia saAaBHTB B'B ceCt strtl nyBCTBT) z- 
He Morjia npocTHTB Myaty ero 5KecT0K0CTH ko mh4... 51 h najiB- 
HHKa BoaneHaBHA'feJia TaKi), hto OoajiacB ocTaTBca cb hhm'b 

BABOeM^B... 

HaKOHeui'B, a Aomjia fl;o Toro, hto pimnjia 3a6paTB mohx'b 
A^Teii H ixaTB B'B PocciH). Pas'B, KorAa MyacB ymeji'B ci> Ce- 
pemeiJ ryjiarB, a coOpajia A^TeK, yjioacHjia seniiH h yme BeJiiJia 

BHHOCHTB HX^B. 

MyacB Bepnyjica no^eMy-TO paHBme, ^'feM'B o6HKHOBeHHO, 
Barjianyji'B KpyroM'B, uoiowb na Mena h cpaay Bce nonaji'B. 

— Tbi OpocaeniB Meaa? — cnpocHJii> oh'b TaK'B KpoTKO h npn- 

HHflKeHH6, HTO OnaXB CA^JiaJICa MH'fe acajIOK'B, tojibko SKaJIOK'B. 

— a yfeamaro cb a'^tbmh... 

— IIo^eMy? 

H He xorfejia eMy roBopHTB upaBAy, ho ona BHJieTifejia tohho 
caMa coCoja. 

— HaM'B Heaa^iMi) Obetb BM'fecTi... Mh ne jhoChm-b APyri> 
Apyra. 


^ 


120 PyOOKOB BOrATCTBO. 

— Th Meea He jnofinmb? 

OhT> CnpOCHJI'B TaK'b, TOHHO MHCJIH He MOn> AOnyCTHTB, HTO 

a. pa3JiH)6HJia ero. H h cb ocoCeHHHM'b sJiopaACTBOM'B CKasajia! 

— He jik)6jtk)... 

IIOMHK), KaKt 0H1> JlBHHyJICH KO MH'fe, TO^HO XOrfejIl* BSHTb 

Mena 3a pyKH, a a OTmaxHyjiacB otb nero h hohth aaKpa^ajia: 

— J\di\ He jik)6jih)! H mnsHb cb toOoK hoa'b o;];hhm'b Kpo- 

BOM-B — He »tH3HB, a M^a! H HHHTO He CpaBHHTCa CB aTofi My- 

Kofi: HH CTpaiiaHia peBHOCTH, hh ocKop6jieHHaH jik)6obb, hh ^to! 

Ohb tnycTHJi-B rojioBy h MOJinaji'B. 51 r Re :KJ^aJIa oTBtTa... 
Pa^oM'B BTi KOMHarfe nocjiHHiajiHCB A'^TCKie rojioca, h a xo- 
rfe«;ia nofiTH kT) hhm'b... 

TyTB npoHSoniJio tto-to coBcfeM-B HeoacHflaHHoe: btot-b H36a- 

JIOBaHHHU ^eJIOB'feK'B, KOTOpHfl TOJIBKO HOBBOJIHJI'B meHnijHHaM'B 

oOomaTB ceOa, 6pocHJica k^b mohm'b HoraMi) cb MOJiB6oa ne dpo- 
caTB ero... Ohb miaKajiB, i^ijiosajTB Moe njiaTBe, moh pyKH h 
CesnoMoniiHO BcxjiantiBaji'B, noBTopaa: 

— Th ofl;Ha MOMceniB cnaciH Mena!.. 

H cjiymajia ero cb comajrfemeM'B,' ho Ces'B BOJiHeHBa... BCt- 
HcaJiH ji'hTR, npHTan];HJiH 3a pyny h Cepeaty, KOiopHfi noneMy- 
TO ynnpajica h ne xor'feji'B hoth. Bha'b OTu;a, sanjiaKaHnaro z 
ofiHHceHHaro, pacTporajiT) hx'b cefitnacB ace, h Bcfe ohh na^ajiH 
ero i^ijioBaTB, noAHHMaiB cb nojiy h npocHTB Mena ycno- 
KOHTb ero... 

51 ocTajiacB. H ne tojibko ocTajiacB, a eme B3ajia k-b ceCt 
Cepeaty, aioro CojiisneHHaro h o^HHOKaro MajiBHHKa, h AaJia 
oOin^ame BOcnHTBiBaTB ero BM-fecrfe cb mohmh Bacefl h BoboK. 

TpH MicHi^a azH3HB[ pa rpaHHqeft npomjiH o^ohb TaatKO, 
MH o6a TO^Ho BJiaHHjiH TflateJiyio Homy, Mh nepe'feaacajiH hs-b 
ropozi;a b-b ropo^'B — 6ynTo kojiojihhkh, npHKOBaHHHe Kb OflHOfi 
Ta^iKi: OHB z^yMaJI'B o cBoefl: ne^ajiz, a cTpafl;ajia cbohmI) ro- 
peM'b. Ohte> He otxoahji'b otb Mena h axo Mena pa3Apamajio h 
3JIHJI0. fl BcnoMHHajia, KaK-B npeat^e a rpycTHJia, Kor^a owb ne 
OtiBajTB flOMa, H KaK'B ero BHBo.^HJia hbI) ceOa Moa rpycxB. Te- 
nepB, KorAa ohi> i^^jikmh Be^epaMH ciiA'feji'B okojio Mena — a 
My^HjiacB MHCJiBH): HOHeMy 9T0 He npeacAe, Kor^a a TaK-B ro- 
pa'^o JiH)6HJia ero? Eo^eMy b-b acH3HH Bce xopomee npHxoAHTB 
Bcer^a no3AHo? H a TocKOBajia h paflOBajiacB, ecjiH oh-b yfe- 
jKaji-B KyAa-HH6y;iB. 

Bi) neTep6yprfe cpa3y cxajio Jier^e. Hajiexijio xaKTb MHoro 
AyMi) H safioT-B He ceCi, ^to JiHHHoe rope BacjioHHJiocb ^y- 
5KHMH ne^ajiaMH; ciajio cthaho HOCHTBca co cbohmh cxpaAa- 
HiaMH, onjiaKHBaiB cboh nec^acTBa... H AOMa, h b-b mKOJii 
TdLKh MHoro A'l^Jia, ^0 HeKorAa njiaKaTB... MyacB xoace npn- 
najica 3a paCoxy. 

^tjia naniH 0Ka3ajiHCB coBepmeHHo pascxpoeHHHMH, h eMy 


OBOPBAHHAfl nEPEHHCKA. 121 

Tenepb npHxoAHTca o^enb MHoro paOoTaTb, ^to6h npHsecTH 
Bce Bi> nopfl;ioK'B. OhI) sanffrb cb yTpa no mecTH HacoBi>. 
Mh BCTpinaeMca 3a o6i»jJs>wb h na BHz^'b Bce Hja;erB noKOtao 
H npHJiH^Ho... H TaKi) dyAeTB ao i^xi) nop-B, noKa BHRfopt 
He BJiK)6HTca B-b Koro-HH6yAB H He fipocHT'b Meaa. fl ero hh- 
Korfla He dpomy. HtoCh CpocHTb — naziio HMiTb kI) KOMy y^TH; 
MHi He K-b KOMy yflTH: a HHKorAa yace HHKoro ne nojiiofijiro. 
51 jiK)6Hjia TOJibKo oAHoro ^ejiOBiKa, a Tenepb bo mh* Hix-b 
jiio6bh; ecTb JKajiocTb, ecTb ^yBCTBo AOJira, ecTb coBHame, hto 
nojieseH'b KOMy-TO, Moaterb 6HTb, neoCxoAHM'b... A jiioCbh niT-b. 
H B% 9T0MTb — ^TocKa acHBHH. Ho SI BceTaKH He npoMinaio ee Ha 
same oAHHO^ecTBo. 

Oahh'b! KaKoe 3to CTpaniHoe cjiobo! 

B. H. 

LI. 

TypbH FopH, 20 HoaCpa 19... r. 
CeroAHii poBHO roA'b, kslkb h Hanacaji'b BaM'b oTcioAa nep- ^ 
Boe HHCbMo... TaKme KpyroM-b mohh Bce sacHnano CH'feroM'b, 
TaK5Ke nycTO h 6e3M0jiBH0 KpyroM^b Mena: MOJi^HT'b rpoMaAHHflt 

flOMI), MOJI^HTTb, npHAaBJieHfflbrii TH5KeJIHMH X^OHbaMH, caAB, CO- 

BepmeHHo raKase, KaKi> h vojirb TOMy naaaA'b; KpyroM-b Memi 
Bce TO 5Ke. Ho caM'b h yate ne jorb. HtT'b hh naAeacA'b, hh 
oacHAaniit, hh TpeneTHOfl: tockh. Chhth ,,0^ jxyum okobh, cb 
cepAi^a MyKH" h oCp'feTeH'b noKOfl! IIoKoflt! 3to Tome oaho hb-b 

CTpaniHHX'b CtrtOBB AJIfl BaCb, TaKme KSlKB H OAHHOneCTBO? 

^a! H OAHHi)! A bh? PasB* bh ne OAHa? 

C. P. 

Ek. TltTKoea. 


CTaHHejiaBT. IlniHdHnieBeKift. 


„a njiK)K) Ha MO^ajiLHHfi BiEi KacTpaTOBi, He ro;i;HHfi hh na 
^To Ji;pyroe, KaKi nepejKeBiiBaTB fl;iaHiff ;i;peBHOCTH... Cnjia ero JiOHa 
Hsc^EJia, TenepL hebhuh apohjee ^ojishh noMoraiB npo;i;oj[aceHiK) 
qejiOBi^ecEaro po;i;a... Ohe sacoBWBaiOT'B ;i;BepB oti 3;i;opoBofl npn- 
po;i;H nomjiHMH ycjiOBHOCTaME, y hhxi ne XBaiaexi ;i;yxa cTaEant 
fl;o ;i;Ha bhehtb... Hiit! si ne bi CEJiaxi o6x btowl fl;yMaTB! — fl 
fljOJiaKeH'b cfliaBETB CBoe i*jio EopceTOMi, BamnypoBaTB cboio bojih) 
saEOHaME. To, ^xo Morjio 6h BSMaxnyTL opjiHHHMi nojiexoMt, 6jia- 
ro^ap^ aaEony, nojiaexi, East yjiEXEa. SaEOHx eni;e ne cosAaji'b he 
o;i;Horo BejiEEaro ^ejioBiEa, rHranxBi h EpafinocxH nopoayi;aK)xca 
cBo6o;niofi"... TaEir 6jiaropo;i;HLifl pasdoflHEEi Kapjii Mop'bj.Hcxofliff 
HBi ne^ajibHHX'b Ha6jiioji;eHifi HaAi coBpeMeHEHMi eMy „^epHEjiB- 
HHMi B^EOMX**, CM^jio j^ijiajLi o6niiifi BHBo;^^: ^ejioB-feEi HMterB 
npaBO npecxynaxL Bce, ^ixo peryjiBpyext oxHOffleHia jiio^efi Meac^y 
C06010, B cxpeMBXLCH El BejiB^iio Bi ;i;o6poflitxejrB ejib bi nopoEi, — 
3X0 yace Bce paBHO, jibdib 6u ne ocxaBaxLCE nocpe;i;cxBeHHOcxBH). 

CopoEi JiiTh no3fl;Hte fl;pyrofi, fiojiie Mory^ifi b npHBJieEaxeJiB- 
HHfi npecxynHEEi, Man^pefli'B, cHOBa ci HeBS'bECHEMHMi npeapi^- 
mewb ox3HBaexca juoji^vb, ^TaEi CEJiLHa 6hjix moh jih)6obl ei 
OfljEHo^ecxBy, — roBopExx* obi, — ^xo, ecjiB na mobm-l nyxE Bcxpt- 
HajiECB jiio^B, hhiTh 6paxoMi EOxopHXi mh4 HenpiaxHO 6hjio, k 
^lyBcxBOBajTi ce6E yHEaceHHHM'b; a cxanoBBJicff xaEEjii ace cos^a- 

HieMl BBX* rpaSE, EaEX ohe". jjBtlOHOCXE MOefl, — rOBOpEXTb OHI B'L 

jUpyroMi M^cx-fe,— E y MeHH 6hjie BeMBLia EJiJiioaiE e 6jiaropofl;HHe 
nopHBw! Mwk xox^jiocB OBjia^ixL jijmoio Jiio^ei, 6hxb MaaEOM'B 
AJLo. HapojijOB'B... 9x0 BpeMH npomjio; mob mhcjib norE6jiB oxi co6- 
cxBeHHoi ^pesMtpHOCXE... fl He Mort ofiysfliaxL cboh) npHpo;i;y; b6o, 
^xo6h noBejiiBaxB, nyjEHO cna^ajia noBEHOBaxBca, jilcxexl b xpe- 
6oBaxB, noflcxeperaxB cjiy^aE, pasfipacHBaxBca, ^xo6h BCiojuy no- 
cnixL, E npBBHEHyxB E8M*HaxL HCXEHi: BOX'S EaEi ;n;ocxHraexcB 
rocnofl;cxBo HaAi hebebmb e xpycjiBBHMB yMaMB, a xaEOBO 6ojii>- 
HiEHCXBO Jiiofliefl. a c^Exajii HEace ce6a npEHa;i;jreacaxB ei cxa-fe 
BOJiEOBx., xoia 6k fl;jia xoro, ^xo6h ynpasjiaxL eio. JleBt acEBexB 


CTAHHGJIAB'L nmHBUniEBCKlfl. 123 

OAHHt; Si noflio6eH'L JiLBy". 3ji,^cb HH3Kia Ka^ecTBa Ji¥)]i,ei He npi- 
ypo^HBaeTca kl KaK0My-HH6yfl;B BpeMenH, ho h3b4ctho, KaKia Mi&CT- 
HHH aBJienia onpe^iJieHHofi anoxH BOCHHTajLH paso^apoBaHHHfi cec- 
CHMHSM'B Man^pe^a. 

Em,e repeat nojicTOJiiTiff hobhS BparB tojihh Me^Ti bi nee 
eni;e 6oji'fee acecTOKie rpoMii: „hhtito nnoe, KaKi HMenHO Macca, 

60JILfflHHCTB0, npOKJIflTOe KOmnaKTHOe fiOJILniHHCTBO OTpaBJiHexi 

hctohhhkh Hameg ;i;yxoBHofl jkhbhh h saqyMjiaeTi noji^'L nawH no^y... 
OTBpaxHTejiLHaa Jioact — MHi^nie, 6y;i;T0 Macca, TOJina cocTaBJiaexi 
afl;po Hapofl;a, fl;aace ToacecxBeHHa ci Hapofl;oMi, 6y;i;xo o6HKHOBeH- 
hhS ^ejiOBi&K'b, BTOX'B Hanri Hesi&acecxBeHHHfl, fl;yxoBHO HeaptJiHfi 
co6paxT> RwheTh xaKoe ace npaso npoHBHOcnxL cyay^enie, rocno;nicxBO- 
BaxL H ynpaBjiAXL^ RaK*^ h neMHorie 6jiaropoji;Hue h CBo6o;i;HHe no 
;n;yxy... 9xo ne 6ojiie, KaKi raaexHaa jroact. Tojina xojilko CHpofi 
Maxepiajii, hsi Koxoparo mh, jjyqmie, eme ;i;6jiacHH co3fl;axB na- 
po^t"... 

PaHLine Hficena, Bafipona, niHjiJiepa xaKoe ace oacecxo^enie 
npoxHB'L xojinH, efl hhcxhhkxobi h Hfl;eajiOB'B mm MoaceMi HaflxH y 
MojiBepa, y HleKcnHpa h y mhoihx'b fl;pyrHxi BejiHKHXi npe^icxa- 
BHxejiefi ^ejiOBtqecxBa. H kxo BOSBMexcH yxBepacfl;axB, hxo ohh He- 
npasH? JlerKo yKaaaxt, ho xpy;i;HO bo bcomi 06'beM'fe oi^'feHHXB xo 
3JI0, Koxopoe KaacfliHH H3'b HHXi uepenecB ox-b orpaHH^eHHOCTH, 
rpySocxH, nopo^HocxH Hfl;ecnoxH3Ma „KOMnaKXHaro 6ojiBniHHcxBa". 
9x0 HacxojiBKo o6meH3B4cxHO, ^xo fl;aace ne cxohxx npHBOfljHXB $aK- 
xoBTb. Ho Bi axHXx Bt^HO noBxopaH)in.Hxca o6BHHeHiax'B ecxB cxo- 
poHa, Ha Koxopys) KaKB-xo ne odpamaioxB BHHMania: BCHKifl, kxo 
fipocaex'B npe3pHxejiBHoe cjiobo xojini OKpyacaiomaxx Jiio;i;«fi, ;v>ji- 
acBH'B 6hijvh 6u HpH6aBJiHXB: „oxi hhxb ace nepBHfi ecMB asi". 
H60 Hixi HHKoro, He HCKJiio^aff H BeJiH?aflniHxi renieBB, kxo 6h 

BB HSBiCXHBTX'B CJiy^aHX'B HO yBeJIH^HBaJIB CO6OK) XOJIHH H He 

fliOjiaceHB 6hLjn> 6h bb nsBicxHoft Mifepi B3axB na ce6ff oxB-fexcxBen- 
HOcxB sa ea ;a;ypHHa Ka^iecxBa h nepasyMHHe nocxynKH. Epo Koro 
MoacHO CKasaxB, ^ixo ohb HHKorji;a He npncoefliHHajiB CBoero rojLOca 
K-B HecnpaBe^^jiHBOMy o6ni;ecxBeHHOMy npnroBopy, ne noOT^BaJica 
KopHcxHHMB HJiH ce6ajiK)6HBHMB HHcxHHKxaMB, He Ka;zi;njiB SJIOfi 
CHji-fe, He ycHJiHBajix rnexa Hafl;x ^yacoK) jih^hocxbk)? IlyniKHHB, ex 
xaKofl cHJiofl npoxHBOcxaBHBmifi noaxa xojin*, bb ;a;pyroMX Micxi 
npH3HaexB, hxo bb H3B'fecxHHXB ycjiOBiaxi „cpeAH j^-fexefi HH^ixoac- 
HHXB Mipa 6hxb Moacexi BcixB HH^xoacntfi ohb". KpoM'fe xoro, ne 
Haji;o BOBce 6hxb renioMB hjih hosxomb, ^xo6h HcntixHEaxB na 
ce61^ HecnpaBefliJiHBBiS o6ni;ecxBeHHHfl rnexB. B-b axoft npespinnofl, 
6e3HMaHHofl TOJin^ Bpa^B-JiH Hafifl;exca xoxb o;^HHB „HH^xoacHHt 
Mipa", KOXopHfi 6u He hm^jix KaKoro-nnfiyjtB ocHOBania npoxHBO- 
HOJiaraxB ce6a OKpyacaK)^^efi ero cpe;a;t, ne hm^jib 6u npasa aca- 
jiOBaxBca Ha HenoHHMaHie ero jiy^imnxB HyscxBi h fijiaropo^Hifi- 

niHXl nOpHBOBB. TaKHMB 06pa30MB, HeJIB3a A^JIHXB ^eJIOBt^eCXBO 


124 PyOCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

Ha juojififi TOJinH h jio^eff, cTO^mnxi Burae tojidh. Meamy caMHMH: 

BHCOEHMB HHJi;HBH;i;yyMaMH H CaMMMH OpiUjEHapHBIMH ClAepTBUMH 

padHHina He RaqecxBeHHaA^ a tojilko KOJiH^ecTBeHHaA. Bcli bi 6oj[i>- 
mefi HJiH MeHLHiefl cxeneHH, KaKi jinqnocTH, cTpa^aroii OTt cji4- 
noro HacHJiia o6m;ecTBa, a KaKi ^ureHH TaKOBoro, sacTaBJiaioTi 
cTpajnaiL ;i;pyrHxi. 

HosTOMy Bi KaacfliOMi OTji;tjii>HOMi cjiy^ai, Kor;i;a ^ejioBtK-L bh- 
paacaeT^b npesptnie k'b HHSMeHHoS TOJini, OTCK);i;a en^e hcjilsh sa- 
KJiio^aTL, wio owb cTOHTi BHEie Heff. XIX BtKt npiyTiBjit nact 

nOfl;03pHTeJILHO OTHOCHTLCH KI BHCOKOMtpHHMt HOBaMTb MHOrOIH- 

GJieHHux'B noApaxaxejied MaH$pe;i;a, h6o ero sarajioHHaA Mpa^i- 
HOGTi> H KpacHBaH Hosa ORasajiHCL BecBMa yA06H£iMH jiJia tIxi, 
KTO xortjix BaiiacKHpoBaxL CBoe y6offiecTBO h cneKyjinpoBaTL na 
jierKOBtpie STofi caMofi TOJinH. TaKoe nepeoj^tBaHie, Bcer;i;a ko- 
pHCTHoe, HO HeBcer;i;a co3HaTejiBHoe, oco6eHHo ^lacTO npaKTHKOBa- 
jiocL H fl;oHHHft npaKTHKyexca bi cpeflit napH^CKofi JiHTepaTypHofi 
6oreMH. Mojio^e jiio^iih, ne Bcer^a jrnnieHHBie Tajianxa, ho b% gejij 

HCTOpHHOCKHXl yCJIOBiS He BOBJie^eHHHe Bt nOTOKl ofimecTBeHHoft 

acHSHH, pacTo^aiOTi cbok) mojioji;octb no dyjiBBapaMt, no Kai6smKB,wh, 
no ajiBROBaM^b koeotoki; Kor^a ace HacTynaeTi. HensdiacnaA pe- 
aKn;iff, Kor;i;a Ti&jio h Aynia HSHOcaTca, Korfl;a pacmaTaHHHe nepBH 
conpoBoac^aioTb Bct hphbh^hha pa^iocTH eojiisHeHHHMH oniiyme- 
HiHMH, Tor;i;a nacTynaeT'E pojiB $HJioco$iH: Mipt ycxpoeni caMUMi 
OTBpaTHTejiLHHMX o6pa30M'B, fliKaBOJit — HJIH ApHMaHx, KaKt TcnepL 
3Jo6a.Tiy roBopHTB — 3aca;niHji'b ero cnjiomB „n;BiTaMH 3jia", ^ejiOBiqecTBO 
ecTL CKonHni;e haIotob'b, HflyHi kotophmh BosBHmaeTca: H-fecKOJiBKO Jiy- 
TTeaapHHxt renieBt; nocjri&fl;Hie 3% CHJiy cBoero oiUHHO^ecTBa Bcer;i;a 
Hec^iacTHH, HO 3a TO OHH Harpaacfl;eHH npHBHjierieS cbo6o;i;h oTt 
Bctxi o6H3aTejiLCTBi no OTHomeHiH) Ki o6^^ecTBy h ko BcfeMi jik)- 

Jlfl^'h Bl 0Tfl;4jIBH0CTH; HXX „CTpaCTH" H HOpOKH BTO CTHXiftHHff 

CHJiH, fl;jiH KOTopHXi HO cy^^ecTByeT'b sanpoTOBi h orpaHnqenifl. 
KjiaccHiiecKig jiHTepaxypHHS thhi xaKoro reniajiBHaro ;iie6oinHpa 

MH HMi&eM'B Bl POJIJia, a Bt fl;t'3CTBHTeJILH0fi aCH3HH, Ha^HHaff ct 

Bofl;ejiepa, hmh hm-b jierioHi. 

Ci EOHita 80-xi rojiiOB'B, oT^acTH Bt no;i;paacaHie Hapnacy, ot- 
qacTH no;!;^ BJiiHHieMt Hn^me, noHBHjiacB nefiojiBniaH KyqKa ghhb- 
mnxcH Man^pej^oBt b-b Bepjinni h bx CKaHfljHHaBCKHXB cTOJini^ax'B. 
Bojina 3Ta fl;oniJia h ji^o neTep6ypra, no yse cobc^mi b% KappnKa- 
TypHofi $opMi: nicKOJiBKO jiiTi TOMy Ha3a?^•B, roBopHX'b, Moacno 

6hJI0 BCTp-feTHTB rHMHaSHCTOBl, KOTOpue yBJieKaJEHCB CTHXaMH r-acH 

rnnniycL h ysipjijiH, ^to y uetl ^cxpaniHO nopo^Haa Ajnia", ot- 
Ky^a, KOHe^HO, cjii&fl;oBajio saKjno^enie, ^ito ohh reniajiBHH bi Mipy 
cBoefi nopo^HOCTH. Ho y nacb ne naniJiocBHH o;niHoro xotb Majto- 
MajiBCKH TajiaHTJiHBaro xy^joacHHEa, KOTopHfi 6u j^ajit cBoe hmh 

3T0fi HMHOpTHpOBaHHOft HOpO^HOCTH JiJJn%. IIOJIBCEOH JHTepaTypt 

BT> 3T0MX OTHomeniH 6ojiBme noBe3Jio, — y hoh octb nHcaiejiB, coe- 




GTAHHGJIAB'L nniHBlimEBCElg. 125 

;Zi;HHHIOin,ifi HeCOMHi^HHO HejpOSHHHHS TaJiaST'B Ch HGEOBepsaHSHMl 

ncHXH^iecKHM'b H yaiCTBeHHHM'L cRJia;i;oMX. B'B coKpaiii;eHHOM'L Mac- 
iHTafit HeMi MoacHO 6h Shjio 6u CKaaaTL to, ^to a66arB roBopHTB 
TOMX ace MaH^pe^t: „9toti ^lejiOBtKi Mort 6h 6htl 6jiaropofli- 
HHM'B cymecTBOMT,. KaKOBi OHi ecTB, — 9T0 xaoci, ji;ocT6flHHfi yji;HB- 
jieHiH, cMtcL CBi^xa h itHH, rema h npaxa, cxpacTet h BOBBHineH- 

HHXT» MUCJiefl"... 

B'b BapmaB-fe Bi nacToamiee BpeMa, 6htl MoaceTX, HHKoro Hst 
nojiBCKHX'B nncaxejieS He nasuBaioTi xaK'B qacTO, KaEib CTaHHCJiaBa 
IlinHfiHffleBCKaro, ofl;HH cb BOCToproMt, ji;pyrie ci oacecTo^emeMt. 
Ero HMeneMi o6o3HaqaeTCji i;'fejioe HanpaBJieme, KOTopoe buxo^jhti 
3a npeA^JiM jiHTepaTypu h CTanoBHTca o6mecTBeHHHMi, h6o Tpe6yerE 
nojiqHfleHia acnsHH acKyccTBy. Ofii ero jih^hoS acH3HH ippKyjinpyiorB 
caMMa HeB-fepoflTHHH JiereHji;ij, a ont ne tojibko ne ciapaeTca isx% 
paactflTB, ho B'B CBOHX'B npoHSBefljemflx'B j^aeTi hm'b TeopeTH^ecKoe 
onpaeAaHie h TaKHMi o6pa30MTb noTOep^HBaex'B B03MoacHOCTB hm'b 
B^pHTB. ^XyjuoacHHET,, — roBopHTi OHx B'B ojUHOMi MicT* („Na dro- 
gach daszy"), — KOxopBift acajiyeTca, ^to, pa36pacBrBa« coKpOBHniia 
cBoero Jiyxa, niTTHaexi cbok) flymy ^pHKoc^OBeHieMi ki TOJini, 
nepecTyaHjn cBameHHHfi noporB, ho omnfiaeTCH. HejiOBifeK'B, ne npn- 
3HaK)niift HHRaKHXT) 3aR0H0B'B, CTOflH^iS BHHie TOJiHBi, BUHie Mipa^ 
He MoaceT'B 6htb 3aaaTHaH'L". HpoiiBJiaBO^eecff s^j-fecB caiiOMHiHie 

MOrJIO 6b[ BK[3BaTB TOJIBKO yJIH6Ky, eCJTH 6h OHO He HCKaJIO OCHOBa- 

mn B'B OTpHn;aHiH Bcfexi Hopiii ^ejiOB'fe^ecKaro o6ni;eacHTiff. Ci 3ToS 
CTopoHM ero ^poH3Be;^eHiH B036yacfl;aiOTi nanafliKH He tojibko $hjih- 
cxepcKH-orpaHHqeHHHX'B MopajiHCTOBi, M'fepaioiniHX'B Bce BLixo^amee 
Hsi pH;i;a bohi Tpaj^HuioHHiiMx nia6jioHOM'B, ho h takhx-b nncaTejiefl, 
KOTopBie npHHa^JieffiiaT'B ki HaH6oji*e nepe;aiOBBiM'B BJieMeHTaMT* hojib- 
cKaro o6ai;ecTBa, KaK'B no CBoeaiy o6in;ecTBeHHOMy HanpaBjieHiK), 

TaK-B H no CBOHMT* JIHTepaTJpHBIM'B BKyCaM'B. HSB-feCTHBlfi H pyCCKHMl 

HHTaTejiflM'B BHjaiHBift jiHTepaTopi AHji;peft HeMoeBCKifi, KOToparo 
HejiB3H ynpeKHyTB hh bt> naHcioHCKHX'B B3rjiii;i;ax'B na MopajiB, hh 
B'B HecoqyBCTBiH hobbim-b Te^eHiaiiS B'B HCKyccTBi, He^aBHO o6pa- 
THJicH KT> IIuiH6binieBCK0My *) CB TaKofi acecTOKofi anocTpo$ofi, Ka- 

KyK) ptj^KO MOHCaO BCXptTHTB B'B JIHTOpaTyp'fe. 9tO HCKpeHHifi KpHK'B 

Herofl;oBaHiiT h rope^H. A. HoMoeBCKifi ynpeKaoT'B nniH6BiffleBCKaro 

BX TOMX, ^TO, C^HTan nOpO^HOCTB HCT^HHHM'B HpHSHaKOM'B apTHCTH^e- 

cKog jtyiuH, OH'B ne tojibko ne npeTeniHOBaji'B Ha pacnpocTpaneHHHe 
CKaHfl;ajiBHHe cJiyxH o ero Jinqnofi acHSHH, ho ;a;aace caMi 3a6oTHJica 
o6i> HX'B ycHJieniH. „OAHaac;i;fci,— nnmeTi oh-b, — Te6i fitiJio ;a;0Ka3aH0 
;i;aace, qTo tbi ne coBepniHJi'B to8 raji;ocTH, na^'B coBepmeHieM'B ko- 
Topoft TBI coKpymajicH... H ecjiH npeac^e ^lecTBK) cqnTajiocB nasBanie 
nopajiioqHaro ^ejiOBtsa, TenepB HBHHHi^a h Heroji;ai CTajiH no^eT- 
HBiMH THTyjiaMH... Tli OHoraflHji'B Bce, AO ^ero npHKacajica. Onora- 


«Glos*, 1902, J« 5. " 


126 PyCOKOE BOrATCTBO. 

hhjh Ka»fl;aro ronomy, KOToparo fipajii no;!;^ cbok) onejcy, onora- 
HHJi'B Ka2K;zi;yio seHH^HHy, kt> Koxopofi xn npH6jiHxaj[CJi, onoranHJH^ 
HOBoe JTHTepaxypHoe HanpasjieHie, 3Kpei;oMi KOToparo th caMOSBaHHO 
HasLiBaji'b ce6H. Tm onoraHHJLii aogtohhgtbo nHcaxeji^*.. Tu HasHSH- 
Baji^ ny6jiHKi xaSsH CBoeS ^acxnofi aKH3HH, a noaxoMy xh xenept 
He EBfi^eniL npasa npHEasuBaxB jiJojifl}i% MOJi'iaxL... B'b gbohx'b Ma- 

HH^eCXaX'B XH BHepOCHJIt aXHKy ES% HCKyCCXBa. R^Thy XH xoxiji'B 

BHfipocHXB axHKy HBi JKHSHH apxHcxa! TBoa jiHxepaxypa ji;ojiacHa 
6Hjia xojiBEO €JiysHXB onpaBJtanieM'B xBoefi sh3Hh. Th cosAaJn KaR'B 
6h „xeopiio CKaH;i;ajia"... BescHJiBHa h 6e3njiofl;Ha Koropxa xi&xi cbhx- 
HyBmHXCff JiBOAefi, Koxoptie OKpyacaioxi xo6ff. Mnoro Cjiarn, MHoro 
inyxoBCXBa, MHoro HajiipyraHia Haji-B pa6oxoft APyrnxi, a ^-fejia cJiHin- 
KOM'B Majio... HoBoe HanpaBjieHie — axo ne ohh"... 

Ha axoxTi ropa^ifi npoxecxt o6Eji,^jiRCh, npaBfl;a, noKJiOHHHKH IlniH- 
6HineBCKaro, ho ohi caiii ocxajicji h^mx, xoxa, B-fepoaxno, ne rjiyxi. 

Mh npHBeJIH 3XH HHKpHMHHai^iH He Ch XtMX, ^ixofiH pa36HpaxBCff 

Bt no^po6HOCxax'L jTH^Hofl ffiH3HH pa3CMaxpHBaeMaro nncaxejiff, ne 
ch xiMi xaKace, ^xo6h o^iHHBaxB ero BJiianie na ofin^ecxBeHHyro 
HpaBCXBeHHOCxB, — axH $aKXH jfeffiiaxx 3a npe^iJiaMH jiHxepaxypH h 
He Moryxi 6hxb npoBifepeHH JiHxepaxypHHMH cpe^cxBaMH, — naifL xo- 
x^jiocB xojiBKO noKa3axB, qxo ^taxejiBHOCXL nniH6HnieBCKaro ne 
ecxB aBjienie, ^epesx Koxopoe, no BHpaaceHiio HeMoencKaro, „mo3Kho 
nepefixH k'b nopafl^Ky ah«" npn H3y^eHiH coBpeMeHHoft hojibckoA jih- 
xepaxypH, ^ixo ona bo bchkomi cjiy^a-fe BHSBiBaexi HHxepecB h xpe- 
6yex'B BHHMania, xaEi> KaKi cepLe3H0 saxporaBaext o6Hi,ecxBeHHyK) 
ncHxojioriK). Mh nocxapaeMca npocjiifl.HXL, hoa'b KaKHMH ycjiofiiaMH 
cjioacHjiocL axo CBoeo6pa3Hoe aBjienie, nocKOJiBKy, KOHe^Ho, AJis 
axoro MoacHO naflxH Maxepiajit bx jinxepaxyp'fe. ^acxo naMt none- 
BOJit npHfliexca orpaHH^HXBca ;i;ora^KaMH, rHnoxe3aMH h anajioriaMH. 
PasoHapoBaHHHe repoH poMaHXH3Ma o6HKHOBeHHO kx ^BaOTaxH 
rofl;aM'B yace nocxnrajiH 6e3CMHCJieHH0cxB h xniiexy acHspn, npesnpajiH 
^ejiOB^^ecxBO h ^xjiaj^EHMi yMOMx" noxoatn 6hjih na cxapn.eBi, 
HcxpenaHHHX'b 6ypaMH h KaKOio-xo „6opL6oK)". nniH6HnieBCKift xoace 
eme coBc^wh mojioahmx ^ejioB^KOMt ji;oraejix ;i;o npesptnia K'B 
jno;i;aM'E, noxepajix Bi^py bx o6ni,ecxBeHHHft nporpeccL, bx o6mee h 
Aaace jinqnoe c^iacxBe, coxpaHHB'B BEpo^eMX Btpy bx HacjiaaKfl;eHie. 
Ohi BHcxynHJi'L na JiHxepaxypHoe nonpn^e fliecaxB Ji^xt xoMy na- 
saji;^, Kor;i;a eMy ne 6hjio em,e h 25 jrkrh^ h cpasy onpe^i^JEHJii 
ce6a coBepmeHHo xaKHMt, KaKOBi ohi h b% Hacxoan^yio MHHyxy. 
YcjioBifl ero mojio;i;ocxh HMtroxi ptuIaK)^^ee snaqeme ^jih ero hch- 
xH^ecKaro CEJiaAa, h noaxoMy Eejihzsi ne ocxaHOBHXBCfl na HHXt. 
Ohx pofl;HJiCH Bt npyccKofi nacxH HojiBmH, He;i;aj[eKO oxte. pyccKoft 
rpaHHu;H. „Oxen,'B Mofl, — nHmexi ohx caMi btbo^^hoS aBxo6iorpa$H- 
TiecKofi 3aMtxKi *), — 6hjii. cejiBCKHMX y^HxejieM'B, bi neycxaHHofi 


*) Dr. Zygmund Leser^ «NeTirastenicy w literatilrze. Lwow, 1900. 


i 


OTAHHCJIAB'b ninHBHIHEBCKlfi. 1 27 

6opL6§ ci nyayiiofi... MaTB Heo6HEHOBeHHo jiiysHKajiBHa^ h csaTaa 
aceHmiHHa". Ot'b Hen chhx ynacjiifliOBaji'L yTOH^eHHyio Bne^aTJin- 

TeJIBH0CTBHHaCT0HmifiMy3HKaJILHHft TajaHTl, KOTOpOMy OWE, Kh C03Ka- 

jiiHiK), He nocBHTHjix ce6fl. y ^i^iefl noMtmHKOB'B, ecjiH ohh pocjiH 
3% ;i;epeBHi, o6BiKHOBeHHO coxpanaBOTCJi caMHa cB-feTjiHa BOcnoMH- 
Hania o npocTopi^ pofliHHXi nojiefi, o'6jih30cth ei npHpo^t, Kdio- 
paa ^acTO na^'i^jiaeTX rtl Ha bgk) xhshb sanacoM'B nodTH^ecRHxi 
BneTOTjiiHiS. KpecTBHHCKia ^^th Taicace Hepi^KO buhochti hcto^- 
HHK'b pa^ocTH Hd^B BOCHOMRHaniS sanax^ CBi^sse BcnaxaHHofi ssmjeh, 

O TpaJtHIi;iOHHOM'B, CTpofiHOMl JKJIS^^ aCHBHH, TaHHCTBiSHHOMl Uip^ 

Hapo^Hofl $aHTa3iH. JtJia IlfflHfiHineBCKaro, CHna nojiyHHTejiJiHreHT- 
Haro ppojieTapia, CBasaHHaro ci fl;epeBHe8 tojibko npoKjaTOH) ne- 
-o6xofliHMOCTBio cyni;ecTBOBaTB, fl;tTCTBO 6hjio tojibko pa^OMt fl;Hcco- 
HaHCOBi. K'B aiOMy npncoe^^HHajiHCB, noBHji;HMOMy, Hejia;n;H i^emjij 
po;zi;HTej[aMH, KaK'B moscho saKJiio^HTB esi nepBarp poMana IlniHdH- 
HieBCKaro, HM-feio^aro mhoio aBTo6iorpa$H^ecKHxi. ajieMeHTOBi („To- 
tenmesse"). KpoMi Toro, camaa npHpo^a ero po^Horo yrjia, 6tji;Haa, 
osHoo6pa3Haa, yHHjiaa, napo^'B, npHrHeTenHHfi b^&kobhm'b rneTOMi, 
o6e3CHjieHHHfi fliyxoBHO, cyeBipHHft, jiHnieHHHfi snepriH ko Bceny, 
KpoMi^ ynopnaro, 6e3KopHCTHaro Tpyji;a Hafl;^ po^hhmh necKaMH h 
^ojiOTaMH, — BOTTb o6cTaHOBKa, KOTopaa CB nepBHxi Jitoi nanojiHajia 
;i,yniy 6yAyn];aro csepx^ejiOBiKa CTHxifinoio tockoh) h 6e3Ha;i;eac- 
HOCTBK). Owh caMi Bi ofljHOMTr Mtcxi („Z gleby Kujawskiej**) xaKx 
onHCBTBaeTTb cboh pofl;HMHa Micxa h Bne^aTjiime, KOTopoe ohh ocxa- 
BHJIH Bi> newhi 

. . . ^BoKpyrx pascTHJiaeTca OTpoMHBifl npocTopi, nepBo6HTHHH, 
-6631 KOHTypoBi, cjiEBaromiSca na Kpaaxi nepHofl KafiMofl napoBHX'B 
nojiei c% cHneBOi He6a. Ckojibeo xBaxaexi rjiasi*, rjia^Eaa saKi* 
CTOJix, THxaa, HO 6e36peaKHaa MejiaHxojiia, KOTopaa HacTpaHBaerB 
ji;yniy na MarKifl mol h KOJiHrneTX ee bi rjiy6oEofi saffyM^HBOCTH... 
Hto-to 6e3EOHe^Ho thxoo, ne^ajiBHoe, EaEofl-TO tohi . 6e3Hafl;e3KHo3 
TOCEH Jieri Ha axy bomjik). Hi^TO saMEHyToe b:b he6i, — h^ti hh- 
qero, hto mopjio 6h pasopnaTB cocpe^oio^eHHoe bi ceO-fe BHEManie, 

Hi&^TO, ^TO MOaCHO BHCEasaTB TOJIBKO THXEM^B mOHOTOMl, h6o 3X0 

Bce xaEoe XHxoe, h ^o6poe, k ne^ajiBHoe... KaKaa-xo napnaa, npe^- 
qyBcxBieMi h saSoxofl ^peBaxaa ;i;ojia npHxaajiacB na pacnyxBaxi. 
H Barjiyinaexi CMixi h roBopt... Korfl;a cb (osepa) Fonjia Bcxaioxi 
Bo;j;aHHe napsi h pascxnjiaioxca no Jiyranii cepe6paHofi Mrjiofi, a 

H3'B XaXl* XOp$HHKOB'B HJIHEOXl CKB03B 9X0 MOpe MFJIH 6i^HHfl, 60Jlt3- 

HeHHHfi CBfex; Korji;a Mrjia no^HHMaexca h pacnycKaexca bx* Mopo- 
cameMi ^^offlc^ijHKi — o! axo yacB cjiHrnKOMX,... IJijiHH CBifexi cxano- 
BHTca OAHOK), ofl;HOK) cTpamHOK) My^HxejiBHOH xocEofi H oxpaacaexca 
BTb Kaacji;ofi cjiesi^ h BM^cxi^ cb hoh EaKi 6yji;xo cnjiHBaexx. b^ Ka- 
Kia-xo xoMHHa nponacxH. 8xo njiaqx 6e3x» cxona, — njia^emB, a hh 
ofl.HH'B MyeEyjii jiru^b, ho o6Hapy3KHBaexx», ^ixo nJia^eniB. IIjia^eniB ^jihh- 
jiHMH HHxaMH Hpospa^Haxo aoM^yra bi CBoe codcxBeHHoe cepflin;^... H 


128 PyOCKOB BOrATOTBO. 

Ha dTofi seMJii paaciHJiCA EpacHBHd, spinsifi napoA^ go bc^mh nopo- 
KaMH H Ao6po;n;%Tej[AMH nojiBCKaro Hapo^a, ho Bce dT6 6e3MipH0 
ycHJieHO. Hapojut aiort ynopHHfi, OAapeHHHfl KaKOio-TO J^HKOH) anep- 
rieS^ KOTopan cKop'i^e SBJiaeTcn tojibro hsb'&cthum'b ^axajiHCTH'ie- 
CKHM'B ^jBCTBOWhj ^TO xaE'E, aHeHHa^e ;i;ojiaEHO 6utb, odjia^aeirB npe^s^e 
Bcero o;i;ho& xapaRTepnofi ^epxoS: KaEOK)-To a^bhoS HejiaHxojDLiefi. 
KaseTCH, sth tpachhh^ 6ojiOTa^ dXH "lepnHe, MOKpne top^ahheh 

BUJlfiXXeJDTh HS'B Ce6fl 3X0X1 Sl]l,'h 6e3HCX0AH0d XOCEH H MejiaHXOjds, 

cipaa rpycxL HacxHxi fl;oaEmeft npoHHSHBaexi aymy fl;o fl;Ha, a Jii- 
HHBO nojisyD^iA xy^H ojiOB^HHaro He6a cBOJtaKHBaioxi cb cepjima 
pa^ocxL H BecejiBe. H bi sxom'l ^babojibgkom'e napHHEi, EaEi gb. 
Ahcojibmi HaauBaex'E MOJiaHXOJiiK), 6ySH0 paspacxaioxcfl BceBOSMOss- 
Hjue BJiHe HHCXHHEXH, yxpBDMoe ynopcxBO, ynpaMaa cxponxHBocxB h 
jlHBHoe BJie^enie Kh radejiH, ynafl;Ry, yHH^xoaceHiio"... 

Afii^pi xoxijit 3fl,*cB o6iacflHXB xapaRxept ;i;pyroro nncaxejiff, 
GBoero 3eMJiAEa, xajianxjiHBaro noaxa Ana RaGnpoBH^a^ ho bi Gyi^- 
hogxh, EaEi BGer;i;a, pHGyext xojileo GoficxBeHHyio HGnxoaoriio — h, 
Hafljo CEaaaxB, o^ohl yfl;a^HO. BHHeGniH Hst AOMy 3Xo ^yBcxBO acyx- 
Eofl XOCEH H $axajiHCXHTieGEyH) roxoBHOGXB naGXb acepxBofi ^liypHMxt 

BJliflHifi H GOdGXBeHHHXl iHypHHXl HHCXHHEXOBl, OE'h He 6ujl% GBfl- 
3aHX» GIB pO^HOd HO^iBOS XfiHH OpraHH^BGEHMH ysaMH pO^GXBa H 

jik)6bh, EOxopHH ji^9joTi> D,6jiB 3KH3HH H no^epacHBaioxL 6o;iJ)OGXb. B'h 
axoMt oxHomemH IlniHfiHineBGEifi ;nijiHxi» y^acxt o^eHL MHoraxt 

GOOXeTieGXBeHHHEOBt, H3'b Xtxi, EOXOpHB OfijiafljaiOX^ GHJILHO pa3BH- 
XHMH apXHGXH^eGEHMH GEJOHHOCXflMH. Bl 60JILinHX'L OBpOnefiGEHX'B 

i^enxpaxTb, Bt HapHact, b% MronxeH^, bi Phm^, mosho Hafixn i^i- 

JIHH EOJIOHIh nOJOLBGEHXt HHXeJIJIHreHXOBl, EOXOpLIXt rOHflXt H3'B 

po^HHH He EaEia-HH6y;i;L noJiHXH^eGEia noxpaceniH, a MejiEifi npo- 
BUHDiiajiLHufi XHH'b acH3HH. MajieHLEiH ;i;ouainHiH Gxojinipi, BapmaBa 

H 0C06eHH0 yj^ymJIHBO EJiepHEaJILHIilfi KpaKOBt, CJIHfflKOM'L XtGHH, 

?xo6k[ hx'l xajianxM mofjih xaM'b nojiy^HXB nojiHoe pasBHxie h naSxH 
;i;oGxaiOHHoe noHHMame. HpaB^a, sj^iGB GxpoacafiniHMi o6pa30Mt 
GJiiftHxi 3a noGJiiflinHMt gjeobom-e Ebpohh h% ^opM-fe yGOBt h $a- 
GOH^ raJiGxyxoBt, fl;a h bi o6jiaGXH nayEt h HCEyGCXBt npHjaraioxt 
Gxapani)!, ?xo6h ohh npoii,Btxaj[H ne MeHBine, ^i^Mi* b'e napn^st, 
HO x-feMX xyace. S^tGB ogxb aEaji;eMiH HayKt h xy^oaceGXBt, h MaH- 
xiH aEaji;eMHEOBiB xaEace nHniHH, EaEi h bo BGixt ;i;pyrHX'B „eBpo- 
nefiGRHXi*' aEaj^eMiaxt. KaEt bo bg^xi npoBHHijiiajiLHLix'B nieHxpaxt^ 
OGXL H GBOH 3HaMeHHX0cx«, ^Jia EOxopHxi rasexH He maj^axTb 3nH- 
xexoBt „Haini HeGpaBHeflHHfl", „Hani'L MacxHXfcig", „Hanii> BOJiHEit". 
EcxB H Meii;eflaxH, nooii^paiomie naniioHajiBHoe HCEycGXBO, no^jt 
EOTopuM'L Ho^paayMiBaioxcH BejiH«ieGXBeHHMe, xporaxejiBHHe hjih 
HrpHBHe GioacexH h oxGyxGXBie apEO BHpajKenflofi HHjprBHBH^yaJiB- 
hogxh asxopa; nocji*;i;Haa G^MxaexGa npasHaEOMt „6oji^3HeHHOCXH 
xajiaHxa" h ne noompaexca, nosa EaRofi-HHdy^B H'feMei];Kifi hjih ^pan- 
ity3CEiS EpHXHEi HO paGXBajiHX'L „HHxepeGHaro nojiHKa"; xor^a h 


CTAHHCJAB'b nmHBHBIEBCKlfl. 129 

BTOTh CXaHOBHTCa „ESLmV[}iT> BCeMipH0-3HaMeHHTHMl»", H TO, ^0 

upeacfl;e nasHBajiOGB nes^opoBOio EpaSHOCTBio, Tenept OKasHBaexca 
remajiLHofl cm^^jioctbh) *). Ectb h npecca, Hafioacnaa Bt Bonpocaxt 
pejiHriH, onnopTyHHCTH^ecKaa Bt Bonpocaxt nojiHTHqecKHxi, h fijia- 
roTBopHiejiLHaH b% Bonpocax'B coiiiiajiBHLiX'L. Bc^Koe HesasncHMoe 
eJOBO c^HTaexca hsm^hoA nan.ioHajiBHLiM'B Hj^eajraMt. Ectb, KOse^HO, 
Tpy;n;ani,a«ca h cTpa^aioniiaa Macca, ho apTHCTH^ecKia: HaTypn He 

HMtlOT'L B03M0aCH0CTH, He yMilOTl H He XOTflTt HafiXH Kl HCfi 

fl,ocTyni». OcTaeTCfl o^hhi» nyxB! 6pocHTB pofl;HHH najiecTHHH, CMfi- 
niaTBca cb HHiepnai^ioHajiBHofl 6oreMofl, BHHecxH cboS xajianxi na 
Mea5;ji;yHapofl;HHfl phhoki h 8a6HXB, ^xo ecXB na cb§x4 BapmaBa h 
KpaKOBir. Ho 3xo ne 3a6HBaexca. CBa3B nopBana, oxe^ecxBeHHHa 
OTHomenia BcnoMHHarorca xojibko ex. a3BHxejiBHOio nacMtniKofi, ho 
j^yina eojiRxx.. H-fesiei^Kie kphxhkh XBajraxi, aMepHKaHii;H njiaxax^ 
KpynHHe KyniH sa KapxHHH, ho caMaa KHBOxpenemyniiaa, caMaa 
HHXHMHaa ^acTB aBxopcKoS HH;fl;HBH^yajrBHocxH ocxaexcH BcfeMi He- 
noHHXHoi H qyacji;ofi. Bx. KOMt cHJiBHie apxHCXH^iecKie hhcxhhkih, 
TOTh 3aMHKaexcH Bt ce6*, cxanoBBXca nejiio^HMHM'B ^y^^aKOMt, 
MH3aHxponoM'B. TaKOBa, nanp., noinaa BHyxpennaro ;i;paMaxH3Ma, 
cyfl;B6a yiiepniaro b'b nponiJiOM'E rofl;y bx. Phm* nojiLCKaro xyjijoac- 
HHKa AjreRcan^pa FepHMCRaro. B'l rom'b cjD[a6ie BOJia, bi> eomi^ 
♦HJiLHie 3anpocH Hacjiaacji;eHia, xoxx. OKynaexca ci rojiosofl Bt 

BOfliOBOpOXt XpaKXHpHOft aCH3HH, yHHBaeXCa HOXBaJiaMH C06yXHJIBHH- 

KOBi H B03B0ffHX'B wh Hepjit co3;i;aHia CBOH) reniajiBHyK) 6e3nopa- 
^o^HOCXL. TaKHM-B KaKexca naaix cjiy^aft nmH6HmecKaro. 

O^yxHBHiHCB Bi BepjiHHi, oHt cna^ajia xoxifexx. yxHJiHBHpoBaxB 
eBOK) CKJIOHHOCXB Ki HCKyccxBy, H HpHHajica Hsy^axB apxHxeKxypy 
H HCXopiK) HCKyccxBa: no nacxoameMy Bt KHnrfe cyfl;e6x. eny 6HJia 
npe;i;Ha3Ha^eHa KapLepa MysHKanxa. Ho oxeqecxBennwe neiieHaxH, 
pimHjiH HHa^e h, qxo6x> no^epacaxB xaJiaHXjiHBaro lOHomy, ^a^H 
eMy Me;niHii;HHCKyK) cxHneH;i;iK). EaxB ji§xx> noxpaxHJii oh^ na mo^h- 
^HHCKia nixy^yH, oji;HaKO Bpa^eMX. ne cjiijiajica, ho sa xo nay^njica 
-HasMBaxB BeniiH cbohmh HMenaMH h bib nepBiix'B :^e cbohx'b jiHxe- 
paxypHBTXt OHHxaxi niHpoKO BocnojiB30Bajica Hay^Hofl noMen- 
KJiaxypofi ^Jia o6o3HaqeHia HenasHBaeMHX'E o6HHOBeHHo bx. 6eJiJie- 
TpHcxHKt aBJieniS. Hs'b o6in;ecxBeHHHX'B xe^ieHifi ero, Konewo, Ma- 

HHJIH XOJIBKO Xi, KOTOpHH HMHOHHpOBaJIH CHJIOS HJIH BUJi,iJlSlJ[ECh 

apKocxLK). HoBXOMy OHB HtKOxopoe BpeMH K0Jie6ajica Meac;n;y co- 
Biiajit-;i;eMOKpaxiefi (^ane pe;i;aKTHpoBaJix> nepBLia nojibCKifi napxiS- 
HHg oprant) h KpaftHHMt HH;i;HBHji;yajiH3M0Mi, KOXopwS xorfl;a npo- 
HHKX> B-B H^Mei^Kyio jiHxepaxypy noj^t BJiiaHieMi Hnqme. Kojie6aHia 


*) Bt> no;^TBepHt;i;eHie CBOnxt cjiob-b comjiiocb na Hi^CKOjn>RnxT> HesaBncH- 
ny6jiHn,HCT0BTE., CraH. BHTCKSH^a («Sztuka i krytyka u nas», Lwow 
1999), ^ejiHRca HceHCKaro (cTaxBii no BoupocaM'B HCKyccTea bi. pasnux'B nepi- 
o^HHecKiix-B ii3;i,aHiHrB), 3eH0Ha LImecM£I^Ka^o (cTaTbu 6i> mypHaji'i^ «Cliiinera»)' 

}k 4. Ota^jii. I. 9 


1 


130 pyOCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

9TH, KOHe^HO, j^o'jiT&Eu 6hjih paspiniHTLca B% cMLicjii nojiHaro Top- 
acecTBa HHfl;HBHja;yajiH3Ma. Bto HanpaBjieflie 6hjio Hosifee, apxHCTH^- 
Hie H Ki> TOMy ace ne najiarajio HHKaKHXit ofiaaaTejiLCTBi. JIk)6o- 
HBiTHO, W£0 HinHfiHiiieBCKiS coinejica bi BepjiHHt 6ojLhme Bcero co 
inBe;i;aMH Ojia XancoHOMi h CTpHHfl;6eproM%, KOTopHe fiiacajiH cH)fl;a 

TaKffle OTl y3K0-^HJIHCTepCK0fi pOfliHHH. H IlfflHfiHmeBCKifl, H Ojia 

XaHCOHt cji;4jiajiHCB HiMeii;KHMH nncaTejiaMH. Jl,McTBHTejiBHO, too 
nojiBCKaa nyfijimca, ynoennaa CenKeBH^eM'B, Morjia 6h noHaxB bi. 
norpefiajiBHO-apoTH'iecKHX'E fipejiiOBHX'L ofipaaaxi ajiKorojiHKa, koto- 
pHMH IlfflHdHineBCKifl ^efiioTHpoBBji'L B% Ka^ecTB* poMaHHCTa! MoascHo 
pyqaTLCff ^iwh yroj^HO, ^to hh o;h,hhx nojiLCKifi Bsj^aTejiB ho 
corjiacHJica 6u Torfl;a Hane^aTaxB TaKyio „6ojit3HeHHyH)" KHnacKy. 
HiMeiiKaa ace KpysKOBaa KpHTHKa, laKt HasHBaeMaro „acejiT0-3ejie- 
naro" HanpaBJiema (bt> OTJiH^e ort Kpacsaro), pascBinajiacB bi 
BOCTopraxi* nepeji;^ ^reniajiLHHM'L nojiaKOMt" h ciaBHjra ero bo 
rjiaB^ ii;i^jiOH hikojih. 

BHpa6oTKy CBoero Mipoco3epii;aHia h xapaKiepa ninH6HnieBCKifi 
saBepiEHJii. B% XpHCTiaHin; ero pa3CKa3'L o fitii'fe HopBeaccKofi mojio- 
^eacH KOHn;a 80-xi h Ha^iajia SO-xt ro;i;oB'L o^ieHB jnofionHTeHt. 

„HaqajiacB, — roBopHT-L oh'b („Na drogach duszy"), — ^anaTH^e- 
cKaa 6opB6a Meac^y BiopHconoMt ct oahoS CTopoHH, KOXoptiH bh- 
jiHJi'L cbok) CTapiiecKyH) e HHK^eMHyio MyjaipocTL bi npecjiOByTofi 
fipoiniopi^ „nojiHraMia h MOHoraMia", h ii;ijiHM'L mojio^hmi noKOJit- 
HieMt CB ;n;pyrofi cxopoHH... KpyacoKi axoxi noBeai ox^iaaHHHft 
mxypM-L npoTHBi „xopoinaro" o6m*ecxBa. Ont c^epnyji'B jiHi];eM'fep- 
syio MacKy, Koxopoio xopoinee o6ni,ecxBO noKpHBajio cboh hsbh; 
Bemn, KoxopoMt iipe3c;i;e roBopnjiH xojilko na yxo Apyrt Apyry, 
MOJioji;eacB pacKpa^iaaa no BciMi nepsKpecxKaMi*, a noJiOBaa no- 
xpe6H0CXB Bspocjifcixi lOHOinea h ^iBymeKi, Koxopue ne mofjih 
o6e3iieqHXB ce6i SpaKOMt yfl;o6Haro h oxHOcnxejiBHO 3ji;opoBaro Jioaca, 
c^ijiaaacB raaBH'fefimHM'L npe;i;MeT0MT» oxqaaHHHXib finxBt Meacfl;y 
cxapHMH H MOjioja;HMH. H3'L-3a rpaHHn;H HMuopxnpoBajiocB neMHoro 
yace ycxap'j^jioe xaMi opyacie: MaxepiaaHSMt, con.iajiHSM'B, npasa acen- 
mHEt, ynopaji;o'ieHie npocxHTyi^iH, nojiOBaa paBflonpaBHOcxi ^jia 
o6oHXi> nojiOBt. KpnqajiH, Ae6axHpoBajiH, npHHy^iiHJiH „xoponiee" 
o6in;ecTBO BCxynnxB Bt cnopt, o6opoHflXLca, xpenajiH no rasexaMi 

CaMHe meKOXJIHBHO BOnpOCH, CHJ^tjIH D,i&J[LIMH JHHaMH HO KO^efinaMx, 

H3A^BajiHCB H CM^HJIHCB ESiji^Ty cxapHMH „npe;i;pa3cy;n;KaMn", — ny h 
nnjiH— oxt! hhjiocl xorfl;a o^ieHL Msoro... Ho BCKopi nacxynHji'L ko- 
jioccajiBHHH pasrpoMt... BoreMa pacnajiacB. JKenmnHLi ncnopxEJiHCB 
nojii^ BJiiflHieMi „HOBofi" Mopajin, nponoB^^OBaBmefi „CBo6o^HyK)** 
aK)6oBB, jiyac^HHH norndjiH nan BHMepan Bcaij^cxBie qpesM^pnaro 
ynoxpeSaenia xaKt Ha3. jjropaqnxt HanHTKOBt", a ocxaabHBre cxaan 
„nopa;i;oqHHMH". HiKOxopne o6jieqeHH ji;oaacHocxaMH SyproMHCxpoBt, 
^pyrie cxajin npnM'fepHBiMH MyacbaMH, ofipeMeHennHMH MHoro^Hcaen- 
HBIMt ceMeScxBOM'B". 


CTAHHCJIABt nniHBMinEBCKIH. 131 

Ci* IIinHdBinieBCKHM'B ne npoHafoniJio hh Toro, Hg ^pyroro, Cpe^a, 
Bx KOTopoS OHi BpamajoT, HajioacHJia na nero HecMHBaeMyio ne- 

^aTB, XOTff Hfl;eH erO npHMO npOTHBOnOJIOKBH T-feMl, KOTOpHa OHt 

npHnHCBteaeTE HopBeaccKHMX „HHrHjiHCTaMi". BMtcTo MaxepiajiHSMa, 
coipajiHSMa, acencKHx^ npaBt, nojiOBoS paBHonpaBHOCTH nojiOB'E ohi 
HcnoBi&fl;yerB mhcthi^ebmi, 6e3rpaHH^HLifl HHfliHBHfl;yaJiH3Mi., pa6cTB0 

aBCeHffllHH'B H Heo6xOfliHMOCTL J[,J1SL HEXl MOHOaHJipiH, TO^;^a KaKt 

MyacgHHaMi MOHoraMia BOBce ne cxaBHTC^ b% o6fl3aTejiLCTBO. Ho 
aa TO nojiOBHa OTHomeHia HHTepecyioTB ero fiojitme Bcero na cB-feT^. 
BejiHKifi HH^UHBHfliyajiHCTt XVin BtKa, ^aycTt, K0Jie6jieTca, KaKt 
nepeBecTH eBanrejiBCKia cjioBa: ^BHa^aj-fe 6bijio cjiobo". OHt cHHt 
$HJioco$CKaro, yMoapniejiLHaro B^Ka, h noTOMy npea:ji,e Bcero eny 
HpHxo^HTi Bi rojiOBy H;i;ea: ^Bna^ajii 6Hjia mhcjil". Ho BMtcTfe 
ch TiMi OHt npHHafl;jieKajri k% noKOJi-feHiH), KOTopoe moih.ho noxpa- 
cajio ycTap-feBinie ycxoH o6jii;ecxBeHHaro nopa^Ka h B^poBaJio Bt 
npeji;BiqHOCTB cBoefi paspymaxeJiBHofi mhccIh, noaxony ohi HcnpaB- 
jraext Hag;i;eHHyio hmx $opMyjiy: ^Bna^iajit 6tiJia CHjia". 0;i;HaKO h 
axo He Moacext ero yfl;oBjiexBopHXB. PaspymeHie 6hjio fliJia Hero He 
KOHe^Hofi i^iJiBK), a jthhib cxyneHLK), no^roxoBJieHieMi kl ^ajTBHifi- 
meaiy co3H;i;aHiH), a CHJia He o6jia^aex'B caMa no ce6t co3HffaxeJiB- 

HHMX. CBOflCXBOMl. *TaKHMl odpaSOMt OHl OKOH^axeJIBHO ocxanaBJiH- 

Baexca na mhcjih, hxo „BHa^ajii fitiJio fl;iaHBe". 

MajieHBKie, Btipoacj^aioniiieca npaBHyKH $aycxa (b^ no6oqHoft 
jiHHiH), HHOTBH^yajiHCXH KOHD;a XIX BifeKa, He HMiioniiie HHKaKoro 
fl;0Bipia kx ^mmcjih", ho qyBCXByioniie bi ce6i HHKaKoS, ^aace 
paspyniHxeJiBHofi „chjih** h x'feMi Menie cnoco6HHe kx xBop^ecKOMy 
„fl;4aHiK)**, no CBoeMy o6iacHaH)x*B na^ajio Bci^xx na'iaji'B. ^Bnaqajii 
^EiJi'L nojiTb. Hn^ero bh* ero, — Bce bx neMt",— xaKi Haqneaexca 
nepBoe fiejutexpHCXH^ecKoe npoH3Be;i;eHie HrnHdHnieBCKaro, H3o6pa- 
majomfiQ ncnxoaoriio cnHBmaroca flierenepanxa, h nacKOJiLKO axo Bcxy- 
njienie HMiexi cjia6oe $HJioco$CKoe 3HaqeHie, nacxoJiLKO oho onpe- 
fl;'fejrHxejiLHo ji^Jisi Mipoco3epii;aHia anxopa. Oh-l Heoji;HOKpaxHO bos- 
Bpamaexca Kt axofl mhcjih bx ;n;pyrHX'B npoHSBe^eniaxi*, a ecJiH h 
He BwcKasHBaexi ee cjiOBaMH, xo ona cjiHHiHxca, KaKt „jieflxMO- 
THBi** BO BcoMt ero XBopiiecxB^. HojiOBaa jttaxejiLHOcxL Bt ero 
npefljcxaBjemH ecxb npH^nna, n;ijiB, co^epacaHie h CMHCJit acH3HH. 
Bce ocxajiBHoe xojilko 6oji4e hjih Men-fee cjiy^afinaa „Ha;^cxpoflKa". 
Cjii;i;HXB 3a jiorn^ecKHMX. pa3BHxieM'B axoft H;i;eH, Koxopaa Kaacexca 
aBxopy „HeH3MtpHM0 rjiy6oKoa", 6ujio 6h CKyqno. Mbi ho HM-feeMt 
Bt BH^y CHopHXB ch HniHfiHnieBCKHM'L H ero repoHMH. HOCMO- 
TpHMi XOJILKO, Bt KaKio xy;i,oatecxBeHHHe ofipasH BUjinBaexca ero 
4»HJioco$ia. 

HinHfiMHieBCKifi ne naxypajincxx. OHt ne jiio6hxx. yKasuBaxB 
ycjiOBia M-fecxa h BpeMOHH, ne onncHBaex'B oOcxaHOBKH, Bt Koxopot 
npoHCxo;^axx ero poMaHLi (HacKOJiLKO axo cjiobo npHJiomHMO k% ero 
npoHSBeAemaiii). HtKxo, r^t-xo, Korfl;a-xo HLexi 6e3i npocuny y 

9* 


132 PyOCKOB BOrATOTBO. 

rpo6a cBoeft BosJiioSjieHHoft, Koxopyio owl aaMy^HJi'B cBoefl serene- 
paTHBHoS jiH)6oBLH), coGxaBjieHH^fi 113% cjia;n;ocTpacTiA, HenaBECTH^ 
OTBpameHia h My^HTejifcCTBa. Stoti HtKxo, 3totb „fl" HMaraeTt 
Hfl;eH CBoero ntaHaro 6pe;i;a, onHCHBaext cboh ncteonaxH^ecKia 
on^yBi;eHiH xo i^HHHqecKHMH Me;n;Hi];HHCRHHH xepMHHaMH, xo nsucRaH- 
HHMH rnnepfiojiaMH h Mexa$opaMH. Ohi h xenept, k% xpyny npo- 
fl,ojiacaexi 'lyBCXBOBaxL xo ace acHBOXHoe BJieneHie, coefl;HHeHHoe ck 
yacacoMi, raiUJiHsocxLH) h HeHasHCXLH). B% yMonoMpa^eHin coBep- 
inaexi. oh'e BceBOSMoacHHa 6e3yMCXBa, ayfiaMH xepaaexi MepxBoe 
TijEO', H X. n. Bt KOHn;* kohi^obi owl co6Hpaexca aacxpijiHXBca. 
TaEOBO ^aKXH^ecKoe co^nepacame „3aynoKo9Hod Meccu^^ Koxopaa 
cojioxHJia Ha^ajio ji^BoficxBeHHofi cjiaBt IIinHduineBCKaro. KpHXSRa 
yjijHBJiajiacB 6e3cxpamHOMy aHajHsy 6y;fl;xo 6h npaB^HBHxi AymeB- 

HHX1» COCXOHHifi. B'h A^fiCXBHXeJIBHOGXH Se, MH HUieACB S^H^CB BOS- 

BpamieHie k'b a^lbho npoine;i;inHMi& upieMaMi poManxHSMa, Roxopuft 
jioShjh nopaaaxL ^inxaxejia rnraHXCRHMH ROHxpacxaMH, fl;o6pofl;4xe- 
jflMH H nopoRaMH, GBixjiEiMH HBJieHlHMH H yacacaMH, H Bce wh pas- 
Mipaxi nee plus ultra. Hsofipi^cxH nocjii hhxi RaRie-HH6yAB HOBHe 
yacacH o^ieHB xpy^jHO, h bi ;i;aHHOMX cjiy^at moxebi nocMepxHoS 
nojiOBoS jik)6bh HcnoJiBaoBaHi yace y B, Fioro, EOHe^HO, 6esi> xa- 
Roro ncHxojiorHqecRaro ROBHp^HiH, b'l 8nH8o;n;'& KasHMO^o h Bcmo- 
paJiL^ilH. 

HecpaBHeuHO acnsHeHH'be Bxopofi pascRad'L IIinHCBLineBCRaro 
^BHrnain", EOiopHfi, Bupo^eMi, xaRace Beet nocxpoeni na xonrt ace 
MOXHBli acHBOiHoS jik>6bh. 9x0 nosajiyfi jiy^mee hbi Bcero, 'ixo 
nniH6HmeBCRifi HauHcaji'B B'L SejurexpHcxH^ecRofi $opM4. 3a*cl, fl,M- 
exBHxejiLHO, npaBfljHBO H3o6paaceHa pa3;ztBoeHHOcxB HeBpacxeHH'iecKaro 
BHpofliRa fin de siecle. KaRofi-xo „fl" saM^^aexi sapoac^aBomyioca 
cxpacxB Meayi;y CBoeio B03JiK)6jieHHofi h cbohmtb npiaxejieM'B. Fepoi 
HcnoBtji;yexx. xeopiio CBo6ofl;Hofi jih)6bh, a bx. rjiyfiHEi fliymn coxpa- 
Haexx» nepBo6HXHHe hhcxhhexh caMn;a, Roxopufi ^yBCXByext no- 
xpednocxB yfinxB HeB^pHyio caMEy. Owl caMt ct :HanycRHHMi i^h- 
HHSMOMt xojiRaexTb BJiK)6jieHHHX'L j^pyrt Rt Apyry bi o6'hsms, a 
nocjit rjiy6oRo cxpaji;aexx» h xepaaex'E neciacxHyio aceHmnny. ABXopi, 
Kone^HO, HeocHOBaxeJiLHO ^liyMaext, ^xo ont ofinaacHJii xyxi Bi^i- 
HHfl, HeHSMtHEHfl oxHoiueHia Meac;i;y Myac^nnofi h acenmnHofl, e 
noji;Mi^xHJi'fc BaacHyio ^epxy ^ejiOB^qecRofi npHpo^H: HesaBHCHMOcxL. 
^yBCXBTb H fliaace nocxyuROBt orb pa3cy;i;Ra, ROxopLifi sBjiaeTca ne 
6oji^G RaR'E Hadjno^axejEeMTb ncnxH^ecRoft khshh. Ha caiiOMX ^ftjit 
noBicxB IlniHdtiineBCRaro HMi^exx* 6ojvhe cRpoMHoe snaiieHie: 3xo 
apRaa RyjiLxypnaa RapxHua, qejioBt'iecRifi ;i;oRyMeHxi nsBifecxHoS 
snoxH, HcnoB^^B ueypaBHOBiineHHaro noROJi^Hiff, Roxopoe n;'fejiHROM%L 
eni;e norpyaceno Bt ncnxH^ecKia npHBH^RH naxpiapxajiLHO-pa6oBjra- 
StaBiiecRaro cxpoji acH3HH, xoxa snaexi HansycxL Bci cxpaniHHa 
ejiOBa, nyraiomia Boofipaacenie „xoponiaro" o6in;ecxBa. 


CTAHHCjrABl nmHBHniEBCKlfi. 133 

Bcji4fl;t 3a „BHrHjriHMH" IlniHfiHineBCKifi Hanncajii ;i;obojibho 
06'LeMHCTyK) xpHJioriio poMaHOBt, o6ieji;HHeHHiiix'B jih^hoctlk) repoff, 
^eMOHH^ecKaro $ajiBKa. He o;n;Ha acenmnHa He MoaceTt BHja;iTb ero 
6e3HaKa3aHHO. Ha npocTpancTBi Tpext poMaHOBi BCTpiTiaroTea ^le- 
TBipe aceHm,HHLi, KOTopHS Bc4 caM ooTBepaceHHO jnofiaTi ero, ue cMOTpa 
Ha TO, ^TO OHi B-B 6ojii»raHHCTBt cjry^aeB'B TpeinpyeirB hxte», KaKt 
HyacHHfl eMy ajjih ero pasBJie^ieHia Beni;H. HaiiHHaeTCff cb Toro, ^ito 

OHt Bl HiCKOJIBKO fljHefi CB npHMHTHBHOfl rpy60CTB19 OTdflBaeTt 

fleBtcTy y CBoero jiy^niaro fl;pyra, KOxopBifl noaiOMy jiHniaeTi cefia: 
3KH8HH. („3a eopxx", — 3Ta ^acTB ipHJioriH, nepBan xpoHOJiora- 
^ecKH, HanHcana nocjii;i;Hefl, OT^ero nojiy^aioTca pasjiHiiHHH npoTH- 
Bopi^lH H HaTJiacKH). Saxi^Mi*, aceHHBHiHCB Ha axofi 2seHii];HH^ H Aaace 
jih)6h ee no-CBoeMy, ^ajiBK-B npiisacaexi na nicKOJiBKo ;fl;Hefi ki 
CBoeS MaxepH bx rjiyxyio npoBHHu;iK) ci cneniiajiBHOiQ d;4jibk) cofijiaa- 
HHTB MOJiofl;eHBKyK) rjiyneHBKyio npOBHH^iajiKy, Koxopaa BjiH)6jieHa 
Bi flero ^yxB ne cb ji;ixcTBa. Owh fljocxaraext cBoeS i^^jih eni;e 60- 

J[4e npHMHXHBHHMH Cpe^CXBaMH, Cl I^HHH^eCKOK) pa^OCXBK) 06%SIB- 

jHexi efl, ^xo OHi acenaxt, h co6jia3HeHHaff fl;iByniKa xohhxcs 
(„IIonyxHo"). Bo3BpaxHBniHCB Ki cBoeS aceni^ h iipofl;oji»aa ee jik)- 
6hxb, OHi noOTep^HBaexi cbhsb cb KaKofl-xo niBeefl, Koxopyio owb 
3Haexi eni;e co BpeMenx* cxy;i;eH^ecxBa, h HMiexi cb neio pefieHKa. 
0;i;H0BpeMeHH0 cb bxem-b bi Hero Bjiiofijiaexcx fl;4BHi];a „c^ nanpaB- 
jreHieMi", coi^iajTB-^eMOKpaxKa, ho, jio nopH fl;o BpeiieHH sanaxLift 
cjioacHHMX. poMaHOMi ex. acenoH h jiiofioBHHi^efi, ohi ne o6pani;aeT^ 
BHHMaHia Ha jik)6obb axofl xpexBefi h ;i;affie cxopoHHXca ea. Kor^a 
ate acena 6pocaeTi ero, ysnani, ^xo ohx. ee o6MaHBiBajix», xo b-b 
saKjno^eHiH aBxop'B noaBOJrnex'B npe;^BHfl;ixB, qxo fljiBHijia „c^ na- 
npaBJienieMi" safiMexx. oiiHcxHBnieeca Mifecxo. {„B% MajiBcxp^Mt"). 
EaK'B BujujiTh ^HxaxejiB, npoH3Be;i;eHie IlniHSLinieBCKaro secBiia 
HanoMHHaex'B o6LiqHHe $paHi^y3CKie poManH (roman a intrigue hjih 
roman romanesque, kb.k% xenepB roBopaxx,). Bxio^x. cb npoBHHn;iaji- 
Kofl fl;aace yKasHBaexi* na onpe;^tjieHHHfl npoo6pa3;B: „Le disciple" 
nojwT Bypace. CnpamnBaexcff, npn qeMi xyxi „HOBoe ncKfccxBo"? 
Thh-b 6yjiBBapHaro ;n;0H'B-aCyaHa, Kaacexca, paspaSoxani yaKe ex. 60- 
ate ^^wh ;i;ocxaxoiiHOK) hojihoxoA. Bci ero ^epxti — bfohsmi, 6e3- 

SaCX^H^HBOCXB, HMHOHHpyiOniiaa H3B§CXHHM'B aceHHl.HHaM'B fl;ep30CXB, 

Majio;i;ynde h npaMaa xpycocxB, Kor^a nyacHO pacnjia^HBaxBca aa 
coBepnieHHHa hhsogxh, h HHRor;i;a ne H3GflKaK)Hi,aa acaac^a hobhx'b 

J[K)60BHHX'B npHKJIIO^eHifl, — H8B^GXH£[ HaM'B H3'B pa3GKa30B1& HaniHXi 

CaeymeKi „acecxoKHX'B" ponanaxi, KOxopHxi mh yae ne ^ra- 
xaeM'B. ^xo6bi BujifkjiETh cBoero repoa hsi ero MHoro^HCJieHHOH, 
HO BecBMa HejiecxHofl poj^HH, nniH6HnieBCKifi Ha^iJiaexx. ero cboS- 
cxsaMH „CBepx^ejiOB^Ka". ABxopi npHJiaraexi BH^MHa ycHJiia, cb 
B^i^jiLK) BHyniHXB ^HxaxejiH), ^xo nepe^x hemx ne ofiH^HBift 


134 PyOCKOE BOrATOTBO. 

FHTapHCFb H C06jia3HHTei[B 

JI,epeBeHCKBrB ^lypi, 

Owh aie TafiHufl noximfTejib 

Hh^^iokob'b h Byp-B, 

a JEH^HOCTB Bt BHCinefl CTeneHH Heo6HKHOBeHHaii. c^ajiLK'b He nrpaeirt 
Ha rnxapi^, a nHmexi poMaHH n ndCJLijffiBSiEm o hobux'l npHHixH- 
uax-L HCKyccTBa, h mh cjiBunHMt OT'B inpyraxi jijb&CTBjJomjix'h jihh;x, 
^iTO ero co^HHenia nopasHTejitHLr no rjiy6HHt mhcjih h opHrHHajuB- 
HOCTH. Ohi He CHH^xofliHTi fl;o Toro, ^to6h KpacTL Kypi H HOCO- 
BHe HJiaTKH, HO ero HpaBCXBeHHHe npHHD,HnH nosBOJiaiOT'L any co- 
BepmaTB bi HHTepecaxt CBoero MHHyTnaro nacjiaacjiieHia bc6 Tt 
HOCTynKH, EOTopHB MeHto BOBBfciDieHHHa HaxypH c^HxaioTb Mepso- 
cxHMH. 3a KyjiHcaMH poMana ohi nrpaext BHja;aH)myioca pojrt bi 
pHi^axi HtMei^Kofi coj;iaji'L-fl;eMOKpaxiH, xoxa chjilho CKJioHaexca kx 
anapxHSMy. Ho bi cymnocxH ont njrroex'B na bc4 o6iu;ecxBeHHHff 
xeopin; oh6 ru^jotl ^jih Hero A-feny jiKniB nocxoJiLKy, nocKOJiBKy 
OHi fl;aK)xi eMy BJiacxB na^'t jd[H)ji;bmh h ocofieHHO nocKOJitKy oni 
noMoraioxi eMy ;^ypMaHHXB tojiobh acen^HHaMi. Owl rjiy6oKO Bt- 
pHXt, ^xo Mipt cyni.ecxByexi ch e;n;HHcxBeHHOK) a^jilk) cjiy3itexB 
ero noxoxaiit, hjih jiy^me cKasaxB, ohi hh bo too ho BipHXx h 
n09X0My He bf;i;hx'l npniiHHH, no^eny 6h OMy cJitfl;oBajio npoxHBO- 

CXOaXB CBOHMt HHCXHHKXaMl. j[s, 3X0 eMy KaSKeXCff H HeB03M0atHiIMt. 

Ohi ji;exepMHHHCX'B h n09X0My fl;yMaexi, too, ^eMy 6hxb, xoro He' 
MHHOBaxB; TiejiOBiKTb ecxB opyfl;ie Bt pyKaxx KHaaa Mipa cero, Ca- 
xaHH, KoxopHS Bce HanpaBjiflexx ko 3Jiy, 6e3CHJiBHoe sboho bi ae- 
jiisHofl i;inH nponie;i;inaro h 6y;i;ymaro, a acajiKifl yMt, cosHanie — 
He 6ojLie KaKTb annapaxx, perHcxpHpyioni;ifl h KJiaccH$Hi^HpyK)ni,ifi 
npoHcxo;i;an^ii bh^ ero cofiHxia, ho npn axoMX eme njioxofl, ncnop- 
qeHHHfi, $ajiBniHBO noKa3HBaioni.iH annapaxx. „npefl;cxaBBxe ce6t 
HJioxo ji^k&CTBjmjnjiS. nyjiBCOMexpt. Ohx., Kone^Ho, fiy^iiexx sanncLi- 
BaxL HO^teMi H naji;eHie nyjiLca, ho $ajiLniHBO, coBepmenHO $ajiB- 
niHBO. H3i 3xoro mojkho Cy^jexi BH;i;'fexB, ^xo nojuieMX h na^enie 
npoHcxo^axi, ho HHiiero fioji-fee. BHji;Hxe-jiH, xaKHMt o6pa30Mi Mosrt 
ysnaexi, qxo bx. ffymi h^too nponcxo^Hxi, ho too? — 061 diowh 
OHi HH^ero He ysnaex'L. Kopo^e CKasaxB, ecjiH 3xo cpaBHenie h 
xpoMaext H HH Bi KaKOMX. cjiy^a-fe ne npexeH;i;yex]i na xo^hocxl, 
MOSFB odManyxi KpyroMX h xojilko nocji-fe, Korfl;a ont cyMMHpyex'B 
Bce npoHcmefl;niee, om> ysnaexi, iixo ero ofiManyjiH". Bc^ 3Jiofl;tfi- 
cxBa npoH3Bo;i;Hxi caMa npnpoffa, ho ona xpycjiHBa h jracHBa, h 
noxoMy xo^exi CBajinxL na fl;pyrHXi oxB^xcxBeHHOCXB, h boxx ona 
ct yxonqeHHOH) acecxoKocxLio cnad^HJia „njioxo ^i2cxByK)ni,ifi Moar'L 
eme MajieHLKofl Beni;Hi];efi, cob4cxlk), Koxopaa XHCH^eJiixiaMH ffpec- 
cnpoBajiacB ji^Jisi hoto, ^xo6h HcnuxHBaxB My^eniii 3a rpixF, coBep- 
HiaeMBie npHpo;n;ofl". FepoH nmH6HnieBCKaro bc4mh CHJiaMH cxa- 
paioxcH ox;i;4jiaxBca oxx» ^ecnoxH3Ma npnpojiiH. Bhxl Moacexi, axo 
HMX. H yfliaiocL 6h, h ohh ^yBCXBOBajiH 6u ce6a chokoShhmh h 


CTAHHCJABt niUHBHniEBCKIH. 135 

C^aCTJIHBHMH, eCJIH 6hl HXTb He My^HJIH pasjiH^HHe HeBp03H, aJIKO- 

rojiHSM^ H T. n. JI,0JEHH0 6htb, xHTpaa npHpoita cana yact xaKt 

ycrpoHjia: hjih jiio^^h hm^iot'l cosicTL, hjih ohh ncHXH^ecKH 6ojilhh. 

Mh OHHTB-TaKH pascMaTpHBaeMi repoeBi* nmnfiHineBCKaro ne 

Ct HpaBCTBeHHOS, a HCKJIIOiIHTeJEBHO CTb Xy;i;oaceCTBeHHOfi CTOpOHH. 

C% 3ToS TO^iKH 3p^HiH MH He MoaceMi noB^^pHTB Ha cjiOBO aBTopy, 
^TO OHH npe^CTaBJiaroTt h31 ce6si tslkih KpynHHH BejH^HHH. Mh 
xoTijiH 6h ^aKTOB-B, a He aTTecTaiiifi. mwh ohh noKopjiioTi ce6^ 
He TOJiBKO cep;i;n;a acenmnHt, ho h yMH 6ojiie CHJiBHaro nojia? 
IlyQTB OHH coBepniaioT'B 3Jio;iii^HHifl, HO nycTB HXTb HOCTynKH 6y;^yT^ 
no Kpaflnefi Mi&p'fe cojin^naro KajiH6pa. JIjik Toro, ^to6h JiraiB 3a- 

paS^B H'i^CKOJIBEHM'B BJIH)6qHBHM1& ^eH^HHaM'B, B^Ji;B HO HyXHO 6UTB 

TajreSpaHOMt. Ha npoTHffieHiH Bcixi Tpexi poManOB-B ^ajiBKi ne 

MOKOT'B HH pa3y 3aCJiyaCHTB TIOpBMH, a JTHHIB H^CKOJIBKO pa3'B 

OHjieyxy, h nosTOMy OHt necoMH^HHO ropa3;n;o MeHBme nanoMH- 
HaoTT) Man^pe^a, ^i^mx t^x% rHMHa3HCT0Bi., KOTopne bo ^to 6h to 
HH cTajio acejiajiH 6htb „cTpaniH0 nopo^HBiMH". He Moacen'B mh 

npH3HaTB I^^JieC006pa3HHMH H HifeKOTOpHO HpieMH aBTOpa, HO 06'h 

^TOMt MH fiyj^eMt eni;e hm^tb cjiy^at roBopHTB fl;ajiie, 3;gi^cB yica- 
aceM-B TOJIBKO Ha TO, ^TO ^JiH nyniaro B03BejiH^eHia cBoero repoa 
aBTopi ;i;aeT^ eMy yate cjihhikom'b HH^iToacHBrxx aHTaroHHCTOBX. 
TaKi, Kor;i;a $ajiBKT» OTfiHBaeT'B HesiCTy y cBoero ^pyra, ohx BCTy- 
naoT^B npn neS b-b cnopi na TOMy acTeTHKH ch m^jiofi KOMnaniefi 

C06yTHJIBHHK0Bl, H H3Ti ero HpOTHBHHKOB'B HO HaXOJi;HTCa HH O^HOrO, 

KTO 6h npoTHBonocTaEHJn KaKiH-HH6y;fl;B B^fecKin Bospaacenia ero 
TyMaHRHMt H 6e3co;i;epacaTejiBHHMi MOHOJioraMx. Bi ji;pyroH pa3T», 

KOrj^a OHt G06jlB3RSlJl'h CBOK) npOBHHI^iaJIBHyK) HOKJIOflHHAy, OHt 

OHHTB npH Heft pasSHBaeTt na rojiOBy Bcixi npoBHHn;iaaBHHX'B 
My^jpei^OBi Bi cHopt Ha TOMy o H^Meii;Kofi hojihthk^^ ho OTHomeHiio 

KX HOJIHEaMt. Bee, ^TO OH-B TOBOpHTX, Bi ;i;aHH0Mi. cjiy^a^ Ha- 

CTOJIBKO pa3yMH0 H cnpaBe;i;jiHBO, ^to ctohtx bt> hojihom-b npoi'H- 
BopiniH CB o6Hi;HMTi xapaKTepoMT) *ajiBKa. Ohx 3a6HBaeT'B cboh) 
„cBepx^ejiOB4^ecKyH)" Teopiio, hto Bce ki. xyfl;nieMy b-b 3tomi xy^- 
HieMTt H3'L MipoBt, HrHopHpyeTi naccHBHyio poaB pa3yMa h ropa^o 
y6iacfl;aeT'B H'6Mii;eB'B jHOBO^aMH 9Toro caMaro pasyMa, ^to hxx co6- 
CTBeHHHfl HHTepect TpeSyeTi 6oa4e ^ejiOBt^ecKaro OTHonieHia ki 
noaBiJKofi OKpaHHi^. Cjiobomx, ero pi^B Morjia 6bi yKpacHTB co6oh) 
B-B Ka^ecTBi nepe;i;oBofi cTaiBH jnofiyio jinfiepajiBHyH) raseiy {b% 
npHM^^aniH aBTopi npHBOj^HTx ;n;aKe ja;ificTBHTeaBHHe $aKTH bi 
nofl;TBepKji;eHie B3rjifl;i;oB'B *ajiBKa), ho hsb^ctho, ^ito BcaKaa nojre- 
MH^ecKaa nepe;i;oBaH ciaTBH MoacoTi nopo;i;HTB fl;ecHTOKi cTaTefi 
npoTHBOHOJioacHaro HanpaBJieHia, bi KOTopBixi TaKace ne 6hjio 6h 
He;n;ocTaTKa bi apryMenTaxx h $aKTaxi. Mea:;i;y t^m-b *ajiBKi na- 
CTOjiBKO nocpaMJiaeT'L H^Mex^KHxi hiobhhhctob'b, ^to ohh HH^ero 

He MOryT-B eMy B03pa3HTB, XOTH IipHXOAflTl Bl* -TpOCTB OT-B 3JI0CTH. 


136 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

B'L cep^Ai^ co6jia3HfleMo3 ;Q;i^BHi^Ei asi^iH ^ajihRa no;i,MHaioTCH, ro- 
HGTiHO, Ha CTO npon;eHTOB'B. 

Eme 6oJi^e MpaqHtift aroHCTi aBjiHeTca repoeM-L flipyroro poMana 
nmniSBiineBCKaro („JI,iTH CaTaHH"). 3a*ci> $a6yjD[a jme He orpana- 
^HBaeTca HH30CTaMH repoa bx jiH)6oBHofl c$epi (bi hhxi HnpoHeMi 
Toace He;i;ocTaTKa H-feii); ohx coBepniaeTi ffiScTBHTejiBHHa npe- 
CTynjieHiff nat ^Hcxofi jljd6br ki npecTynjeHiio, Boofinie Kt paapy- 
menis). Teopin BJiajiiiJt^ecTBa Haj^i MipoM'b CaTanti, BCTpiqaBmaaca 
y nniH6HffleBCKaro paH^e jiHnib b-l bej!.* naMeKOBt, SA-fect nojiy- 
qaexi OKOH^aTejiLHoe pasBHiie. „MHoro bi TOMt npaBfl;H, — roBO- 
pHT-L ropfl;oHi (TaKt soByTx repofl 3Toro poMana) bi> o6Li^Hofl y 
IlmHfijEiinieBCKaro MOHOJiorH^ecKofl ^opMi, — ^to Bct mh fl.'feTH Ca- 
xaHH. Bcfe rfe, KOToptie, roHHMtie oiqaffflieMt h coMHinieMi, ^yB- 
CTByiOTi TpeBory, Bct t^, coB-feciL KOTopHxi OTflrqena". Bi ;^py- 
roM'b M-fecT-fe ropja;oH'B, KOToparo ero nocji'fe;i;oBaTejiH b^ MoaieHTH 
BOSMymeniff nasHBaioTx CaTanofl, ohhtl pasBHBaeT'B cboh) H^eso. 
^Bcfe OHH MOH. ToTi> lOHonia, KOTopHft yMHpaerE b% rHHJioS Koicr 
HaTt, cH^^aeMHS Cojibhumtb OT^aaHieMt, ^to 6e3oniH6o^HO ji;oji- 
jEeHi yMepeTB, h nepenojiHeHHH& juhkoB^ ^anaTH^Hofi HenaBHCTBA 
KO BceMy, TITO ero nory6Hjro, — Moiil Tovh ^pyrofl, . KOTopHfl coBep- 
niHJi'L npecrynJieHie h xoT^JiTb cnacTHCB jiio6obbk), a a eaiy nory- 
Shji-b ee, — mou, Totl $hjioco$'b, KOTopoMy mmcjib BBirpH3Jia 
cepOT^i — "^ou. Ta aseHD^Hna, KOTopaa Bflipyn* Ha^HHaeT-B jik)6htb h 
qyBCTByexi OTBpameme ki co6cTBeHHOMy nponiJiOMy, — mohI Eass- 
ji;Hfl, npecji'fejiiyeMHft cxpaxoMi, KaacAufl, OT^aaBniiflca, ^to cKpeace- 
ni;erB 3y6aMH bi 6e3CHJiBHofl apocTH/ Kaac^Hfi, KOMy ' rposHTi 

TIOpBMa, KSLSKJlfilSy KTO TCpHHTTb TOJlOJI.'h H yHHaKOHie, pa6l H CH$H- 

jiHTHKi, 6jiy^HHn,a h ono3opeHHaa fl;4ByniKa, noKHHyiaa Jiio6oBHH- 

KOMX, apeCTaHTI* H BOpt, Hey^a^HHKl-JIHTepaTOp'B H OCBHCTaHHHfi 

aKTept, — Bci OHH, bc^ mou^, 9th pa3HOo6pa3HHe sjieMeHTH pa3- 
pymenia FopfliOHi xo'ieT'B coe^HHHTB no^T^ cBoeBo BjiacTBio. Ho no- 
Kyfl;a ^to, ejiy noKopHJincB tojibko ^eTBepo: ^axoTO^HHfl rniiHa- 
SHCT-B, BHHJienTHHecKifi lOHoma, necqacTHBifl bi jik)6bh, cBHxnyB- 
miflcH pafio^ifl h ^anaTHqecKifl H;i;eojior'B aHapxH3Ma. CaMi* Top^OH'B 

He HM-feeTl HHKaKHX'B JTH^HMXI* HpH^HHI* ^Jia HOHaBHCTH KI. llipO- 

3;u;aHiK). Oh-b — jiiofipoBOJiei;^ anapxHCT-B, eny pa3pynieHie npaBHTca 
ex acTeTHqecKofi to^ikh 3p4Hia. Ohi ne BtpHTi hh bi KaKofl 06- 
meoTBeHHBifl H^eaJix, ji;jra KOToparo ohtb acejiajii 6L1 o^hcthtb Mife- 
CTO, a npocTO cTapaeTca cjn^^jidJih Bce to 3jio, KaKoe tojibko mo- 
aceTi, Bx ^acTHoS h o6ni;ecTBeHHofl acHSHH. Bt. jiHTepaTypnoM-B ot- 
HonieHiH 8T0 JiiofionBiTHoe nepeacHBanie Tnna Tfo'B TeaTpajiBEHx-B 

^eMOHHieCKHX'B 3JI0JI,'feeB'B, KOTOpHe XOTi^JIH, 

Voir le dernier Romain a son dernier soupir, 
Moi seiil en etre cause et mourir de plaisir. 


CTAHHCJIABl mUHBEiniEBCKlfi. 137 

Ho QjLOji!bicTBO aTHXi ffepconaacefi bi JioacHO-KjraccHqecKofi ji;paM*, 
no Kpafinefl Mipi, Bt jryHrnHxt npoHSBe^eHiaxi*, Bcerfl;a 6hjio hch- 
xoJiorH^ecKH MOTHBEpOBano, Torji;a KaKi HinHfiHraeBCKift, sejiaji 
coajiaTB qHCTiflinifi nepjit sjioffMcTBa, npH6jiHacaeTCfl h 3;i;4cl Kt 

pOMaHTHSMy, KOTOpHft Jl¥)6lIJL'h B0njI0ni,aTI> ^iSCTBHTeJILHHX'B BHXO;^- 

itOBt iLQTy afl;a, KaKt nanp. „AHKifi oxothhkx" bx „Freischtilz'^'', 
jiloKTopt Jl^anepTyxTO y To^Mana hjih TpoMofiofl ^yKOBCKaro. 
^BojiHLa AOJiHHa", ho^b, rpoaa, KpacHHfl fienrajiBCKifi cb4ti — botb 
o6HKH0BeHHaa HHCi^eHHpoBKa TaKHX-L npe^CTaBHiejiefl 3Jia, h Ha;i;o 
cKaaaTL, ^to tojilko bi noji;o6Hofi oficTanoBKi ohh h Moryi'B npoH3- 

BO^HTL COOTB^TCTByiOmiS 8$$eKTl. ^HTaiejIK) HJIH 3pHTeJIH) CTaHO- 

BHTca acyxKO, ero Mopo3'L no^npaeTt no Koasi, h OH-LTepaeii yase 
^yBCTBO ;i;McTBHTejii»HOCTH. Ho npe;i;cTaBBTe eefi-fe STaKaro ^eMona 
Bi* caMOH noffljiofl o6cTaHOBKi iipoBHHAiajiBHaro ropofl;Ka coBpeMen- 
Hofi BOCTO^Hofl repMamn. rop;n;oH'B — no;i;ropoji,HH3 noMimHKi, nae- 
MflHHHK'L 6yproMHCTpa H inyina MicTHaro o6ia;ecTBa. Bt ropo^t 
Bcero 10 TMcaqt acHiejiefl, bo BCSKifl MOMeHTi, Kone^iHO, bc^wl H3- 
B-fecTHO, HTO y Koro Ha 06^^;^ roTOBHTCH, He roBopa yace o tomi, 
KTO 3a KiMt yxaacHBaeTt. A HniHdHnieBCKit xo^eii Haci yBtpHXb, 
^To KpacHBaa ;i;o^b MtcTHaro ;n;oKTopa, HM^Bniaa Korfl;a-TO npHKJiK)- 
^eflie CB KaKHMi-TO cTyj^eHTOMt, 3aTiM'B duBmaa jiK)6oBHHii;efl Fop- 
;n;0Ha, npo;n;oji3KaeT'B nojiLBOBaTBca HesanaTHaHHOH penyxai^iefl h 
npHHflTa Bt ^Jiy^mnxt ;i;oMax'B". ^axoTO^HHH rHMHasHCTx h ero 
cecTpa, HHmeHCKH acHByn;ie Bt KaKOfl-TO noJiycrHHBinefl Jia^yr* na 
Kpaio ropo;i;a, Taicace ^HBaioT'L na coopaniaxi M^CTHaro high life, 
KaKt HOJHonpaBHHe ^jieHH o6iii;ecTBa. Ho Bcero aioro Majio. Yimi- 
BHTOJiBHi^e Bcero TO, ^To paspyniHTejiLHaa ;i4aTejiLH0CTB TopjotOHa 
RHKiMt He pasrajiana. Ohi y6HBaeT^ Jiioji;efl, yKpMBaeTi y ce6a 
nofl;o3pHTejiBHHX'L jiH^HocTefl, no;i;roTOBj[aeTi noxHmenie ropo;i;cKofi 
KaccLij ycTpaHBaeix noASKonb paTyniH, e^HHCTBeHHoS bx ropo;i;6 
$a6pHKH H noM^mn^Beft yca^BdH, Bcfe ero coxpyfliHHEH rniSHyTi, h 
BcexaKH Bc^ HHTH HpecxynjieHia ocxaioxca cKpuxtiMH, h ropjiipH-B 
bhxoji;hxi, cyx^ h3% bo^h. Bxo HenpaB;i;ono;i;o6ie npHfljaexi KaKyio- 
xo CMi^niHyK) ^epxy anocxojiy CaxaHtr, ropji;ofly, h pa3pyniaeT'B 
xox*B opeojii rpaH;i,io3HOcxH, KaKoS anxopt acejiaji'B 6bi emy 
npHfl;axB. 

Meacji;y Fop^OHOM-B h ^ajiLKOMi mhofo o6ni.aro. H xoxi, h ;iiipy- 
roft cqnxaiox'B cbohmi npHSBameMi coBepmaxB hhsocxh, nepBwft 
o6ffyMaHHO, njianoMipHO, ^pyrofl xojtbeo „nonyxHO". H xox-b, h 
Spyrofl HeoxpasHMH ji,jik bc^x% acenm^HH'B^ ci koxopbimh ohh cxaji- 
KHBaioxcH, 6e3'B xoro, hto6h ^HxaxejiL Mon cedi ofixacHHXB ce- 
Kpexi Hxi o6a«Hifl. Bnpo^eMX, Moacexi* 6hxb, 06^ axoM-B jiy^nie 
Moryxi cyji;HXB ^HxaxejiBHHii,Li. HpHM^pBi hsx. Jinxepaxypw h hsi 
j^McxBHxejiBHOcxH no;i,xBepa£;iiaK)xi>, ^xo acenmHHH ^acxo npHHH- 
ixaH)xi> ypoji;cxBO 3a cBoeo6pa3HyK) $opMy Bejinqin ji;yniH. 

UfflHSHmeBCKifl caw'B roBopnxi, ^xo bi ero npoH3BeffeHiax'B 


138 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

Majio ji-feflcTBin; rjiaBHoe ero BHHMame o6pameHO na H3o6pa3KeHie 
„ji;yineBHHXi. cocxoaHiS". Ho xapaKiepy cBoero lajiaHTa OHt 6ojite 
Bcero Momerb 6hti> HasBani jinpHKOMt (Heyfl,aBiniflca MysHKaHxt). 
Mh yjKe yKasHBajiH, ^to emy HHorjua otjih^ho y;i;aeTca Bocnpona- 
BecTH My^HTejiLHyK) ncHxojioriK) hsb^cthhx'l poACTBeHHHXi. eMy 
Haxypi (b^ „BHrHjiiHX'B"). Btofo, OAHaKo, HejiLsa CKasaTt npo paa- 
CMOTptHHHe TOJiLKO ^To poBiaHH. Ha 6ojii»moM'B, npoTaffieHiH ero 
npieMH ;^iflcTByH)Tx yxoMHTeJiBHO cbohmte* oiUHOoSpasieM'L, noBUfflen- 
HOCTBH) TOHa H poMaHTHTiHOCTBK). Ero nepcoHaHH HenpepHBHO ne- 
pexoji;arB nat cocTOflnia Heo6HKHOBeHHaro ncHXH^ecKaro Hanpaace- 
Hia Kh nojiHoft anaxiH h no^aBJieHHOCTH. Ohh ne sHaioTt cepe;a;HHH 
Meac^y 3thmh nojiiocaMii. Kojie6aHifl axn npoHcxo;niaT'L xaKt 'lacxo, 
TTO y aBxopa ne xBaxaext BupasHxejiLHHxi cjiobi. BnHxexH — 
cxpafflHHfl, ^y;n;0BHmHBi3, rnraHXCKifi^ 6inieHHfi, CBepx^ejiOB^qecKifi, 
eme, 6hxl Moacex^, ;n;Ba-xpH jupyrnxx., boxi Bce, qxo OHt Momexi 
npn^yMaxL ;niJ[ra xapaKxepncxEKH jiiaHHaro MOMeHxa. ^nxaxejiL paat- 
fl;pyrofi nonHxaexca npe;i;cxaBHXB cefi-fe xaKofl pasMax^b qyBcxBa ^o 
nee pks ultra, ho Bt kohd;* kohii;ob'b nepecxaex'B BOcnpHHHMaxB 
3XH KOJioccajlLHHe pasMipti ncHXH^ecKHxi BOJTHi. HpHcxpacxie ki 
HSofipaaceniK) no;i;o6HHxx> pt;^KHXT» b^ ;^iHCXBHxe:ttBH0CXH aBJiemfi 
onaxB-xaKH ecxt ocxaxoKi ^aBHO nepesHxofl cxa;^iH JiHxepaxypH. 
Kor^a-xo HHKaKoe ^yscxBO He c^HxaJiocB ;i;ocxohhhm'b BOcnponsBe- 
Aenia, ecjin oho ne npeBLimajio oSHj^eHHHX-B pasMi^poBt. OxcK)ji;a 
rpoxo^ymaa h cBepKaiomaa noasia BHKXopa Fioro h ero hikojiw. 
Tenept HCKyccxBO cxajio ckpomhM h BMicxi HHXHMHie. HpHcxajiL- 
Hoe Hafijiio^eHie oxEpuBaext ii b-l caMHxt HopMajTLHux'L ji;ymeB- 
HHxx. ji;BHaceHiaxi cxojilko HHxepecnaro, HOBaro h pa3HOo6pa3Haro, 

»IXO BKyCt Kl SKCXaXH^eCKHM/B MOMeHXaMX, J^OCXOB-fepHOCXB KOXO- 

pux'B npii xoMi coMHHxejiBHa, Hcqesaexx, Bce 6ojiie h doji-fee. KpoMi 
xoro nmH6HnieBCKifi, xoxa h Hsy^aji-B Meji;Hi^HHy, ho BtpHxx>, ^xo 
$H3HqecKoe cocxoflHie qejiOB^Ka saBHCHxi. oxx» hchxheit, a ne na- 
oSopoxx. Kor;i;a ero 3;McxByK)ni;ifl JiHii;a qi^Mt-HHSy^i.fc B3BOjO[HOBaHH 
HjiH noxpaceHH^ ohh Bna^taioxt b-b „HepBHyK) ropa^Ky", Me^yxca bi 
acapy, 6peja;axi> h rajiJiioii;HHHpyK)xx», ^xo ho M^maext hmx. Ha cjit- 
ji,jjojnee yxpo xo^hxl no jjin^SiUi, h ycxpaHBaxB cboh ji;ijia. Co- 
BepmeHHO xaKia m.e neoSHKHOBenHHa anjienia Ha6jiio;i;ajiHCL y 6jia- 
aceHHofl naMaxH repoenX) Bacena do h JtiOMa. HaMt npnnoMH- 
Haioxca BocnoMHHaHia KaKoro - xo ^pani^yaa o SHaMeHHxoii n-fe- 
B^njk MajiH6paHX). Ona ji;ojiama 6LiJia BwcxynnxB bi KaKOMi-xo 
cneKxaKJii, a Meac;i;y x^Mt y Hea fiBijia aHrnna: OHa noKasajra aB- 
xopy MOMyapoB-B ropjio, — oho Sbtjio hojiho 6'fejiBix'B najiexoB^B. Ho 
CHjia ;i;yxa BocxopacecxBOBajia navH^ $H3HqecK0K) HeBOSMoacHocxBio: 
MajiH6paH'B n-fejia axoxi Beqepx 6oacecxBeHHie, ^%u^> Kor;i;a-HH6yji;B. 
HniHCBimeBCKiH pascKasBiBaexx. MHoro aneK^oxoBX) bi xaKOMX po^^t 
cbohxi. repoaxx.. 

Oxqacxn x^mh ace He^ocxaiKaMH, x. e. qpesMipHtiMX) ycHJienieMx 


r 


CTAHHCJIABl, IIIUHBHinETCKIH. 139 

MOTHBOBi), cTpa;i;aK)T'B H T^^ npoH3Be;i;eHia nmndHineBCKaro, KOxopH^ 
MoacHO HasBETB ^HCTO jiHpH^ecKHMH. •Be3;i;'fe 'lyBCTByeTca OTcyicTBie 

SCHHX'B O^epTanifi. ABTOpt OfiHKHOBeHHO HCXO^HTl OTi KapTHHH 

BciMTE» acnaro ;i;yineBHaro cocTOflHia, ho no Mipfi Toro, KaKt paao- 
rpiBaoTca ero BooSpaacenie, ohx 3a6HpaeTca btb TaKia ;ni;e6pH, Ky;fl;a 
^HTaTejiB OTKasHBaeTca 3a hemi cjit^jOBaTL. 06pa3H rpoM03ji;aTca 
Ha o6pa3H. MeTa$opH pa3pacTaK)Tca Bt i^-fejiHe behso^h, HHTeHCHB- 
HOCTL ^yBCTBa Btixo^Ti 3a npe;i;4jiH noBTH^ecKofi npaB;i;H h CTa- 

HOBHTCa npOCTO 6pe^0M'L, HH^tMl HeH3M'fepHMHMl H HH Ch ^^Mt 

Hecoo6pa3HHMi.. 06jiacTb, b-l KOTopofl BpamaioTca 3th npoH3Be;n;eHia 
IlfflHdHnieBCKaro, 6ojiLffleK) ^acxLio Bce toko $H3iojEorHiecEoe Bjie- 
^enie hojiobi, npn ^ewh aBTopt ciHTaeT'E, ^to $H3iojiorifl ecTL 
TOJiLKO cji4;i;cTBie CTHxifinaro npe^Bi^HO ycxaHOBJieHHaro BJie^e- 
Hia ^ymi. CBoeo6pa3Haa $opira IlJiaTOHOBCKaro H;i;eajiH3Ma, od^ac- 
HaeMaa Enpo^eMt ropa33;o Cjinase BjiianieMi MeTepjiHHKa. JIiofiHMHe 
MOTHBH HniHfiHnieBCKaro 8to nepBHHg no^teMi h jiHxopa;i;Ka no- 
XOTH H BaTijit yna^OKi h acajiKoe OTyninie nocji§ yfl;oBjieTBopeHia 

CTpaCTH. 

^MyaE^HHa npHnajit k% KOJitHaMt acenniiHHH h odHHMaeTx ee 
CO BC^MX ynpaMCTBOMi cxpacTH. Ohte» acaacjajext ea, a 64ineHHfi 
rojio;!;^ xijra hckphbhjii eMy poxi 6oji43HeHHofi cy^iioporofi. Cjehhiho 
ero 6opMOxaHie, cbhcx'b c^aBieHHaro Boacj^ejiiHieMi r6pjia, ^yB- 
CTByexca flipoacanie ^pesMtpno pasj^paaceHHHX'B nepBOBi h nuejiKanie 
syfioBt Bi noxpacaiomefl jiHxopa^K'fe"... Sax^Mt peaEn;ia: „raa3a 
npHKpHXH H BBaJiHjiHCB, ry6ti o6bhcjih, Bca $Hrypa KaKi cl Kpecxa 
CHaxa**... Boxi axo nacxoamie o6pa3i];Bi noasin HinHdHmeBCKaro. 

OhH HMtoXl BO BCaKOMl CJiyiat fl;0CX0HHCXB0 BHpaSHXeJIBHOCXH. Bl* 

spyrHXx cjiy^aaxi ohx pacxarHBaext na MHoro cxpaHHr^Tb K0Jie6aHia 
Hapacxaioniefi noxoxH. ^xo6h npHji;axB KpacoxH h BejiH^iecxBeHHocxH, 
OHt HSoSpaacaext KaKoro-xo Bocxo^naro n;apa, ki KoxopoMy npnxo- 
jBiHXTb KaKaa-xo Heo6HKHOBeHHaa HeBOjrBHHri;a, h4^xo Bpo;i;i ©ojio- 
MOHa H CyjiaMHXKH. Pa;i;H nea ohx oxpeKaexca na B-feKH oxx cojinnia, 
coBepmaexi HecjiHxaHHHa Ka3HH h sjio^'feania, ho ona BcexaKH yxo- 
ji^TLTh oxi Hero, 0E% ee pa3i)icKHBaex'B no BceMy Mipy, a ona oxcxy- 
naexi Bce ^ajiBme {„B.Si]i,'b MopeMi**). Bupo^eM-L, no^xn xo ace caMoe 
xanexca onaxB bi j^pyroMx npoHSBeAeniH („Rb ^act ^y^a" hjih 
^Androgyne" *), cx» xoio xojibko pa3HHn;e3, ^xo 3;i;icB xo ate caMoe 
^yBCXBO cjia;i;KoS xockh h fl;oca;i;Hofl Hey;i!;oBJiexBopeHHOcxH hchhxh-s 
BaexTb KaKoS-xo ofinxaxejiB AjiBKasapa. 

npn aiOMii HyacHO, o;i;HaKO, cKasaxB, ^ixo oxj^tJiBHHa cxpaHHn;iJ, 
a HHoryiia xojibeo cxpo^iKH HanncaHH, ;i;iflcBBHxejiBHO, MacxepcKH h 
liOKasHBaroxt, ^xo nniH6HnieBCKiH cnocofien'L na ni^^xo jiyiiniee, 
^^Mi B*qHO pa3CKa3BiBaxB HaMt KaKoft-xo JiK)6oBHHfi 6pe;ii;x». 9xo 


*) nujH6HmeBCKi3 MM'feeT'B cTpaHHoe o6iiKHOBeHie nepeQ3;i.aBaTi> cboh co«m- 
HeHiH no All pasjiBqHLiMii HasBaHiiiMU, Hni^ifB He npe^ynpeH^^aa o tomi> HBTaTejiH. 


140 PyCCEOE BOrATCTBO. 

oco6eHHO HysHO CKaaaTt 061 ero KpHTH^ecKHxi o^epKax'L, KOTopHe 
Bt cymHocTH TaKace npej^CTaBjwroTt tojilko cxHxoTBopeHia Bt npo3*. 
Ho HHxi. noroBopHM'L B-L saBJiioqeHie, a Tenept HaM'L nyacHo 
ocTanoBHTLGH Ha ero ;i;paMax7>^ HanHcaHHux'E yace na hojibcromi 
ssuK^y Torjua KaKi bc* npea5;i;e ynoMHHaBiniacH iipoH3Be;i;eHia no- 
ABJE^jiHGB nepBOHa^ajiLHO ^o-Hi^Me^EH, a saT^M'B yace 6hjih nepe- 
Be;i;eHH caMHMi aBTopoM-L na ero po;n;Hoa astiKi. 

» * 

Cofl;epacaHie odinx'E ero ^ipaMt, KaK^ mohho 6hjio 03KHji;aTB, 
onaTB jiK)6oBB. CEteHH^ecKia ycjioBia, Kone^HO, CTaBflTi aBTopy 
pafl;^ orpaHH^enifi: t§ nojiOHenia, KOTOpHa moskho H3o6pa3HTB bt, 

nOBiCTBOBaTCJlBHOfl HJIH JIHpHqeCKOfl ip03i, HeMKTCJIHMKr Ha TeaTpajiB- 

HHXi no^MOCTKaxi. Co;i;epacaHie nepBofl ^paMH bi BHcraefl CTenenH 

npOCTO {nJlJlSl C^aCTBH"). FepoS HSMiHaeT-B CBOefi B03JIK)6jieHH0ft 

pa;i;H Apyrofi ^KeHmHHH, KOTopaa bi, jiaHHOM'B cjy^at aBJiaeTca 
BcenoKopaH)ni,efl 6e3noma;iiHofl chjioS, KaKt ^ajiBKi h Fopj^OHt Bt 
poManaxi ninH6HmeBCKaro. IIoKHHyTaa acenmHHa jrHnjaeTt ce6a 
acH3HH H ^paMa KOH^aeTca T'hM'E, hto ea xpyni npHHOcaxi. bi som-l 
K'h BJiK)6jreHHofi napi^, KOTopaa xoTftjia nocTpoHiB CBoe c^acTBe na 
rH6ejiH ;i;pyroro. CTpanno BHfl,iTB nmH6HnieBCKaro b% pojin Mopa- 
jiHCTa. Ho, noBH^HMOMy^ ;npaMaTHqecKoe HCKyccTBO ffiflcTByeTi Ha 
Hero, HMOHHO, Bt xaKOMt CMHCJii, h6o BTopaa ero ;^paMa („3ojioToe 
pyHo") HanHcana na xy ace xeaiy: na ^yacoMt Hec^acxin nejiLsa 
nocxpoHXL cBoe c^acxte. Sa^cb axa Mopajit nojiyqaexi :n;aace cne- 
i];H$zqecKH 6ypacya3HH2 oxxiHOKX, BecBMa xapaKxepHHfl fl;jia xaKoro 
Bpara o6m.epacnpocxpaHeHHHX'B nonaxift ^o6pi h 3ji4. H3MiHa 
cynpyacecKOMy fl;ojiry, npn KaKHx^ 611I xo hh 6hjio ycjiOBiaxt, 
MCXHxca „]s,o ce^LMoro noKOJi^nia", — boxx. ^xo 8;n;tcB fabula docet. 
nojioacenie bi 9xoh ^pawi cjii&;i;yii^ee: ntKifi j^OKxop^ PoMfioBCKifi, 
MaxL Koxoparq Korfl;a-xo H3MiHHJia CBoeny Myacy, EaKX» BHacnaexca 
Bnocji'feji;cxBiH, hm4jix» CBasL ex. saMyacneS aceHni,HHofl, ho bji»6hb- 
niHCB Bi ;nipyryK), nopBajii cb nefi oxHonieHia h acennjica. JfiBymita, 
Koxopyio OHTb fiepext, bhxoaihxi 3a Hero xojibko par d6pit, 6yfl;y^H 
yB^pena, ^T0 Kysenx., bx. Koxoparo ona BjiH)6jieHa, 3a6Hji'B ee, ho 
BM^cxt (yb xtMx. ona pimnjia xBep;i,o HcnoJiHaxB xpyji,HyH) pojit 
acoHH, paBHo;i;yniHofi ki CBoeMy Myacy. Bee axo npoHcxoOTTt fljo 
nofliHaxia 3aHaBica, 0% caMoro na^iajia A*ficxBia mh npncyxcxByeMX, 
npH xoMX>, KaKx» Mymi BcaqecKH oxar^iaexx* no;iBHacHH«iecxBO acenti. 
Ohi Myqaxt ee CBoeio cxpacxHocxBio, peBHOcxLio, HeBpacxeHH^ecKHMH 
HacxpoeniaMH, — cjiobomi, axo odw^Hufi repoS HniHdBinieBCKaro. Bi 
fl;oM'fe i^apHxt xaacejiaa axMOc$epa nacMypnofi, Henporjrafl,Hofl, 6e3Ha- 
;n;eacHo ;i;oac^JiHBOH ocohh. JtpaMaxH^ecKifl yseji-B 3aBa3BiBaexca cb 
noaBjienieMx. Kysena Hpenw, KOxopHfl oKasHBaexca bobco ne pas- 
jmo6hjix» ea, a xoxijii xojibko cxaxt 3HaMeHHXHMT» nncaxejieMx, npeac^e 
q^Mi npefl;jioacHXB cBoefi BOSJiioSjieHHofi pyKy h ceproe. TenepB ohi 
BOBce He HaMi^peHX) oxpeKaxBca ox'b cBoero npaBa nepBOHcxBa Ha 
jiK)6oBB HpeHH H y6tac;i,aex'L ee yflxH oxx» Myaca. Cpe;i;cxBa, koxo- 


J 


CTAHHCJIAB'L nmiiBHUlEBCKlfl. 141 

puME OH-L ee co6jia3HaeTT», na Hain'L BBrjiH^^t Majio co6jia3HHTejiBHLi: 
OHt cyjiHrL efi b-l caMHxt HanumeHHHXX BHpaffieniffX'B 6e3KOHe^- 

HHfi pafi J[K)6bH, KaKie-TO CaMOI].B^THBie KaMHH, 6ijIUX'B naBJIHHOB'B 
(BI EHXl BHflOBaTl, KOHC^HO, MexepJIHHKt) H T. H. ^IjHKia BeJUjH. 

Ho naHH Hpena HMieTX ffpyrofl BKyct, — o^eBH^no, ona na^HTajiacB 
nmH6HineBCKaro. Hpn aiOMt, OfliHaKo, OHa ocTaexcflf ^ecxsHMi ^le- 
jOB^ROMi. Ee BOSMyn^aexi mhcjib ocTaBaxLca %% MyneMX., pasii ona 
jiK)6HrB ;i;pyroro. Mymi He OKaaHsaeTCH He^ecTHHMi ^ejioBiKOMi 
H HacTaHBexL na gbobx'b saKOHHuxi npaBax'L coxpanETB aceny^ 
noKa ji;yMaeTi, ^ito ona eMy ^nsH'iecKH Btpna. Korfl;a ne odnapy- 
acHBaexca npoTHBHoe, to ohi, paspyniHBinifl ceMefinoe c^acTte cBoeS 
npeacHefi BosjuofijieHHofi, HSJiOMaBinifi aeHSHB HpeHLi, cqHTaerE, ^to 
ona coBepniHJia npeciynjieHie othochtojibho ero h, He acejiaji bh- 
HecTH cBoero „no3opa", sacTpijiHBaeTca, ^iMi* no MHiniio aBTopa 
OKOH^axejiBHO saKpHBaeTi cBoefi aseHi nyxB kx c^acTBio. 

Ha^o CEasaTL, ^to ;a;paMa axa MJ^cxann HanHcana o^eHB chjilho 
H npoH3Bo;a;Hxx rjiy6oKoe Bne^axjitHJe fl;aace Bt BecBMa nocpeAcxBeH- 
HOMX HcnoJiHeHiH BapinaBCKHxt apxHcxoBt. Ho ^Hxaxejit BHfl;HTi, 
^xo fl;paMaxHiiecKifl koh^jihkxx axofl nBecH He Moacexi npexeH;i;o- 
BaxB Ha H0BH3Hy. 9x0 Bce xa ace HcxpenaHHaa AjreKcan^poM'L JiOMa 
fl;paMa HaKa3aHHaro a;i,K)JiBxepa. IIpH axoMO^ ajocxoSho BHHMaHja, 
KaEx> BapniaBCRaa rasexnaa EpHXHKa oxHecjiacL rib co^epsaHiK) ;i;paM£i 
nmH6unieBCEaro. aCenntHHy, Eoxopyro mh cHHxaeMx e^HHcxseHHO 
^ecxHUM'L nepcoHa^eMx BceS HLecH, asxop'E coBciMX» ne npnanaexG^ 
xaROBofl. PesoHept HBecH, peROMeHfl;yioni.ifl ce6a ojiHi^exBOpeHieii'L 
„C0BicxH**, X. e. aBjiaiomiflcH BHpasHxejieMi MHinifl anxopa, yStac- 
flienx, ^xo jif>jLrh HpeHH 6ua% 6h ocxaxLca ci iiyaceMX h jiraxL eMy, 
HO OHt He BipHxx, ^xoSh OHa HCHOJiHHjra cBofl fl;ojiri, h6o „aceH- 
mHHa npHpoaKjj;eHHaH npecxynHHn;a**. He snaeMt, 6hjii jih nojiLin;eHt 
nfflH6HnieBCRi&, Ror^a o6HapyacHjiocB, qxo no Bonpocy o ;a;ojir^ 
KeHBi RpHXHRa yjiH^Hofi npeccH BnojiHi cxo;i;hxch cx hhmte». Hobc- 
^enie HpeHH 6k[jio npHsnano nacxojiBRO npe;i;ocy;^HxejiBHHMi., ^xo 
Ha aBxopa nocunajiHCB ynpoRH, fiy^xo owh OR:aeBexaji'B nojiBCEyio 
xeHffl.HHy, H3o6pa8HBX ee xaROio „6e3HpaBCXBeHHoio**. 

9x0 xporaxejiBHoe coBna^enie axnqecRHX'B npHHijiHnoB'B HaMX. 
xaacexca sacjiyacHBaiomHM'B cepBe3Haro BHHMaHia. HocRpefinxe CBepx- 
^ejiOB^Ra, BH Hafiji;exe MtmaHHHa. nniH6HnieBCRifl, ROxopHfl BMicxi 
ox, KapjioM-L MopoMx, xaRx. npesHpaexx 6ypacya3Hoe o6n^ecxBo sa 
xo, ^xo OHO He yjiiexx „BHnHXB cxaRaHi ^o ffHa", h Bce np^Mtpn- 
Baexcff „B3MaxHyxB opjihhhm'b nojiexoMi" sa o6jiaKa, RoxopwA BMtcxt 
ct Man^pe^OMx. BOo6paacaexi ce6a „no;i;o6HHM'B JiBBy", ^ixo „3ki- 

BeXX O^HHt", ROXOpHft BMtcxi CX. lExORMaHOM'B HaXOJ^HXl, ^XO 

„npoRJiaxoe ROMnaRxioe 6ojiBniHHciBo oxpaBjiaexx, hcxo^hhrh naniefi 
jj;yxoBHoS schshh", RoxopHfi (yh xaRHMx, BOcxnni.eHieM'B H3o6paacaexi, 
RaEx> ^ajiBRt H rop;i;oHi nonnpaioxi Hanfiojii^e He3Bi6jreMHH ochobh 
HejiOBi^ecRaro o6ni,eacHxia, B^pyrx> cxaHOBHXGH xaRHMx CMHpeHHHM'b 


142 pycCKOJS BOrATOTBO. 

afl;enTOMi> nponncHLixt ji.orMaTOB'L. TaKOBH 8th „atpei^H, KOTopHe 
Hfl;yT'L HeaaBHCHMO oti profanum valgus, KOTopHe npHHOcaTt JKepTsy 
AyniH, ropcTO^Ka, Bt KOTopofi (6yji,T0 6u) Tpaji.HD,ia npomjiHX'L spe- 

MGHt CBflTOCTH MBimJieHiff H CBflTOCTH HCKyCCTBa mSLBBTh CHJIBHie, 

HeacejiH Korji;a-jiH6o" („Ha nyTsxi jxjmn^). 

HoCMOTpHMl, HaKOHeD,l, KaKie HOBHe npHHD,HnH HCKyccTBa He- 
CyTt HaMTE* 3TH ,,HOBHe npopOKH, ^pe;^BiI^aIOI^ie Bt^HLlfl nOBOpOTE 

;i;yinH**. IlniHfiLiineBCKifl cxapajica $opMyjiHpoBaTB cboh B3rjiHfl;H na 
3T0T^ npefl.MeTt b% tojilko ^to yKaaaHHofi KHHri, ho nejiBBa cKa- 
saTB, qTo6H eMy y^iiajiocB 6htl nocjii^iiOBaTejiBHHM'B ne tojibko Bt 
npHJioaceniH cbohxi xeopifi, ho h b% casiOMi HSJioffieHiH e^. Ohx 
rop;;o OTpeKaeTca otte» Bctxi „6e3qHCJieHHHX'B ^opMyjii, KOTopLia 
co^iHHJiJiHCb acTexHKaMH, HaiiHHaa OTh HjiaTOHa ;i;o CTap^ecKHxt, ne- 
OTH0CHni;Hxca Kt ji^^Jij pa3cyac;iieHifi ToJicToro". Ho ocHOBHOMy 
onpe^^jieHiio IlniHfiijmeBCKaro „HCKyccTBO ecTL BOcnpoH3Be;i;eHie 
cyni,H0CTH, T. e. aYDih, Bce paBHO, npo-HBjiaeTca jih ona so Bcejien- 

HOfl, HJIH BX qeJIOB-feqeCTB^, HJIH Bt OTJ^'fejIBHOM'L HH;iiHBH;niyyMi^". 

Hier stock'ich schon! Wer hilft mir weiter fort? S^ij-fect, 'ito 
HH CJIOBO, TO 3arafl;Ka. Hto 3to 3a Ajnia MoaceTi 6htl yBcejieHHofi 
HJIH y qejioBi^ecTBa? Jtyxt jih 8to Terejiff, hjih Miposan ;i;ynia IlLepa 
Jlepy, HJIH eme 'iTO-HHfiyfliL? Ho ocTaBHM'L 3to, h6o ^aji'fce H^eTt 

p-J&^L HCKJUO^HTOJILHO 06l> HH^^HBHfliyaJILHOii fliyHli, a Ct 3THM'L HO- 

HHTioM'L SHa'iHTejiLHO Jier^e onepnpoBaTL. 

„HcKyccTBO, no naraeMy noHHMaHiio, He snaeTx cjiy^aSnoft Kjiac- 
cH$HKaD,iH npoaBJiemS fliyniH Ha ^^ofipun hjih 3Jihh, ho BHaexi bh- 
KaKHX-B npHnx^HnoBx, hh MopajiLnHXi, hh o6n;ecTBeHHi>ixi... Cy6- 
CTpaT-L Hamero HCKyccTBa cymecTByeTt ^jih Hact hckjho^htojilho 
CO cTopoHH cBoeS 3HepriH, coBepraeHHO nesaBHCHMO OTt Toro, 
;ii;o6pLifi JIH OHi hjih bjioS, KpacoTa hjih ra;i;ocTB, ^HCTOTa hjih rap- 
mohIh, npecTynjieHie hjih ;i;o6poAiTejiB". 9to yace BpasyiiHTejiBHie. 
JtMcTBHTOJibHO, Bi HCKyccTB^^ BaffiHa TOJILKO TBop^ecKaH CHJia xy- 
;i,oacHHKa, a ero OTHomeniH Kt ffo6py h 3jy na H3BitTH0Mi pa3- 
CTOHHiH 6e3pa3JiHHHH. BTH^ocKia noHiiTia co BpeneHi ToMepa o'leHB 
h3m4hhjihcb, ho xy^oacecTBeHHoe sna^ieHie „HJiiafl;Bi" ocTanocB ne- 
3H6jieMiJM'L. 3aTiMi HCTopia jiHTepaTypti 3HaeT'L xy;i;oacHHEOBi, ctoh- 
Hi.HX'B Ha BecLMa HH3Kofi CTyHGHH HpaBCTBefl^HocTH, HasoBeMt, Hanp. 
BnjiJioHa, Bepjiena, a ^ejiOBiqecTBO BcexaKH yMieTi nafiTH b*b hxx 
no33iH hcto^hhkh KpacoTH H ^HCTofl pa;n;ocTH. Ho npHHi^nnt nefi- 
TpajiLHOCTH HCKyccTBa OTHOcHTejiBHO floCpa H 3Jia, HH3MeHHarO H 
B03BwnieHHaro npoBosoacHJia jiHTepaTypHaa niKOJia, KOTopaa nena- 
BHCTHa ninH6HmeBCK0My ;i;o rjiy6HHH jiymn, — niKOJia naTypajiHCTOBX. 
Bx sTOMi OTHomeniH nfflH6LinieBCK0My He^ero JiOMHTtca bx otkpbi- 
TyH) HMH ja;BepB. Pa3HHii;a Meacjiy HaTypajiHCTasiH h ^hobmmh TBop- 
n;aMH" saKJiio^aeTCH tojibko b-b tomt*, ^to nepBHe BocnpoH3BOja;HJiH 
npe;i;MeTH, B-fepa b-b hxi ofixeKTHBHoe cyn^ecTBOBaHie, Torji;a KaKi 
nocjiifl,Hie BocnpoH3Bo;i;HT]i tojibko „cocTOHHm cBoefi ^yniH" (b^^cb 


J 


CTAHHCJIABi niUHBUniEBCKlS. 143 

aBTopi yace sadHBaeTi o ^ymi BcejieHHOfl h nejiOBi^ecTBa, hJotjih^ho 
^ijiaeTi). EcjiH CTaBHit HCKyccTBy HCKJiio^HTejihHO 8Ty 3aji;a^y, to 
MH nojiy^HMX, Kone^HO, BecLMa ofljEOCTopoHHee HCKyccTBO, KaKO- 

BHMl H eCTL HCKyCCTBO „HOBHX'B TBOpj^OBX"; HO KaKX OJUHHl H31, 

BHfl;oBi HCKyccTBa, — OT^ero ace? — nycKaS xy^iioacHHKt BocnpoHSBO- 
fljHTt cocToania CBoefi fliynm, ^aace „bo Bcefi ea naroTi", jinniB 6u 
3Ta HaroTa ne 6Hjia fiescTHfliHofi nosofi. 

KaKX ace BOcnponsBecTH cocToanie ^yniH? Ji^si o6'BHCHeHia 9Toro 
IIniH6HnieBCKifl ;^i^JIaeT•B aKCKypcB bi TeMHyio ncHxojioriH) nepBo-* 
fiHTHaro ^ejiOB^Ka, Kor^ia oji;HOBpeMeHHO 8apoac;najrHqL pi^^t, noasiii 
H MystiKa. „Kor;i;a nepBOOHTHUH ^ejioB'feK'B TBopHJii nepBoe cjiobo, 
TO OHi He no;i;paacaji'L rojiocaMX npHpoji;H, — ^yMaeTT» aBTopx, — ne 
HasHBajit no npocTy nepBHMX nonaBniHMca cjiobomx KaKofl-HH6y^L 
npefliMOT'E BR^ ero, — ho: qT0-HH6y;i;B npoHsnejio na fliymy ero mo- 
ryiee Bne^aTJiinie; nepBo6BiTHoe ^yBCTBO jih)6bh, hjih mccth^ hjih 
CTpaxa H y;i,HBJieHiff pasjiHJiocL Bt hcm^ Morygefi bojihoS, pBajioct 
K^ ropTaHH, pacnnpajio eMy rpyjUL, h bott. y Hero bi ymaxx pas- 
jiajicfl ero Go6cTBeHHHfi DpoTffacHHfl KpHKX — y;i;HBJieHiff, Hcnyra 
HJIH ffiejianiH. IlepBHfl ^ejiOB'feK'B ne roBopHJii cbohxx qyBCTBT., a 
nijii Hxi". nmnfiumeBCKiS BHji;yMHBaeT'B ji^jia. TaKoro cjiOBa, ko- 
Topoe Henocpe^CTBeHHO BocnponsBOfliHT'B ^yBCTBO roBopamaro, BectMa 
Heyfl;a^HHfi TepMHHt „MeTacjioBo". Ho ne bi btom'b flijio. BfficL 
fl;i8cTBHTejiLH0 BipHO yKasaHt o;i;hh'l h31 ;a;Byx^ MOMeHTOBt npo- 
HcxoacflieHiH H3HKa, HO HO^eMy-TO OTpH^aeTCH ^pyrofi, coBepnieHHo 
paBHOCHJiLHHfl HepBOMy. fl3HK0Bi&ja,iHie MoaceTx ^OKaBaTt, ^to cjioBa 
hm4e)ti fljBOHKoe npoHCxoacflieHie: o^hh 6hjih nepBonaqajiLHO bli- 
paacenieM^ nenocpej^cTBeHHaro nyncTBa, npoH3Bo;iHMaro KaKHMt-HH^ 
6y;i,L aBjieHieMi, fl;pyria ctpcmejihcl HecoMH-feHHo hobtophtl 3ByKX, 
conpoBoac;i;aBnii3 ^annoe jiBJienie, h B^poaTHo ;i;onojiHffJiHCL noacHH- 
TejiBHUMi acecTOMt. 6*6 TOMt H flipyroMi cjiyqai ^ejiOBtKi 6ujii> 
HOHHTeHX CBOHMX coSeciAEHKaMt. Bnocjii^fliCTBiH OTt nocToaBHaro 
noBTopenia h rh, h Apyrin caoBa oTBep^i&aH, CTaan CHMBoaaMH h 
CM^femaaHCL bi a3HKi&, HO nepBHMt nyTeMi BMicT-fe c^ cjOBaMHpo- 
;i;HaHCL anpHKa h nysHKa, a btophmi — bhocb. TlniHSHnieBCKifi xo- 
^BT'B, ^TOOH Bci xyAoacHHKH 6hjih MysuKaHTaMH H ynoTpefijiajiH 
cjiOBa ToaLKo ]i,Jia BHpaacenia cbohxi ^yBCTBx, ho HaTypaancTH g% 
ofliHHaKOBHM'L HpaBOMi Tpe6oBaaH, ^to6h HHcaTean tojibko H3o6pa- 
JsajH BHi Hx-L cyiii,ecTByH)in,ie npeji;MeTH. HcKyccTBO, KaKt h a3HK'L, 
cocTOHTt H31 BaeMeflTOB^ o6ohx'b poAOBt H CTpa;i;ajio 6u o;^HOo6pa- 
sieMt H ofl;HOCTopoHHOCTLH), ecaH 6h c^e^iaaH3HpoBaaocL bi TOMt 
HJIH ;i;pyroMi HanpaBaeniH. Bt j^ifiaTBHTeaLHocTH, anpHKa, KaKi 
HHCToe BHpaacenie a$$eKTa, 6e3'B yKa3aHiH na BusBaBniifi ero BH-fem- 
Hift HCTO^HHKt, HO MoaceT^ cymecTBOBaTB, TaKace KaKt Heai>3a paa- 
CKasaTB HHKaKoro co6HTiff, onncaTL hh o;i,Horo npejUMeTa, ji;aaceBH- 
CKasaTL HH o^Horo caMaro npocToro yTBepacj^eniH 6e3'L Toro, ^to6h 
Kh pa3CEa3y, onncaHiio Han yTBepacAeniio He npHMtmaaca cyfixeK- 


144 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

THBHHfi 3JieMeHT^ qyBCTBa roBopamaro. 9to mo»ho npoBipHXB KaKt 
Ha co6cTBeHHiiix'L.npoH8BeAeHiHX'B nniH6HineBCEaro^ TaKi h na ohh- 
caHiflxi ero t^tb npoH3Befl;eHifi HCKycciBa, Koxopua eny HpaBaica. 
Kto dHMori uo;i;yMaTL, ^to ninH6MineBCKifi MoaceTt 6htb xo- 
pomnMi^ EpHTHKOM^E? Oh'l, Bce BpeMa npHCJiyniHBaiDii^ifica K'B cbohmi 
ncHXO-$H3iojiorHqecKHMi» ^BHaceniaMi, — KaKi ohx MO»eTL noHHMaTL 
^yffijK) ncHXOJioriio? CaMO co6oh) paajMieTCH, ^to HasBanie „KpH- 
THKt" njioxo no;i;xo;i;HT'B ki nanieMy aBxopy. Bx fl;ificTBHTejii>HOCTH 

*OHl BT> COCTOHHiH EOHflTL TBOpqeCKyiO HCHXOJIOriH) TOJIBKO pOfl;CTBeH- 

RUTh eny apxHCTOBi, ho bi sthxi cjiy^aaxi ohi npeKpacHO yMtero 
ycTanoBHTL ncHxojiorH^ecKiH npeji;nocHJ[KH pasdnpaeMHX'L npoH3- 
Be;i;eHi3 h BHpasHTb noay^aeMoe ot'b hhxi Bne^aTJiiHie. BosLMeMi 
xoxa ,6h o]^Lm> npHMtp'B. Boti Hanp. ero KOMMeHTapin KapiBHi 
HBBtcTHaro HopBeffiCKaro xyji;oaKHHKa Mynxa. 

^ffyxi HiTi HH oji;Hofl HCHO sapHcoBaHHofi $HrypH, Bce bh^ho, 
KaKt CKB03L cjiofi npoHH3aHHofi cojiHi^eMt HHjiH, KaKi ^epesi TO- 
HeflbKia npajiiH cnjiHBaiomiHxcH lyMaHOBi bi> sojiothctomi pascBtrb 
poac;i;aK)maroca ^hh. Bce KaffieTca no6jieKniHMi, rfl;4-T0 B;i;aJiH, bx 
^ajieKOMt nponiJiOMi., 3aTepTHMi bx naMHTH, ho xpeneniiynpMi^ na- 
paMH ^ero-TO Heo6H^Haro, ^to HtKorflja noTpacjio bck) fl;ymy. Tyxt 
CKasajiECL RopeHHHe npHsnaRH Bcefi HH;];HBHAya^i>HOGXH Mynxa. 
Kor;i;a-xo, en^e pe6eHK0Mi, nepeacHJit ohi axy 6ajiLHyio ci^eny. Oh-b 
cxofljn, MOHexi* 6hxl, •nepmncL na ^BepL sajiu h rjia^i^JU'E pasHO- 
J^y^IHO Ha sxox'b Bo;i,OBopoxt xaH^yH)^^iHX'^. A xenepL — Bjiipyr'B, Ka- 
KoS-xo npo6jiecK'B bi ero js^jmi: b4;i;b axo yace ne o6H«iHoe Kpy- 
acenie, axo yacx. ne oCHKHOBeHHaa 6aHajiLHaa MysHKa fl;jiH xani^eBx. 
^xo-xo cKpHBaexca sa sxhm'l, hxo-xo xaHHcxBeHHoe, KaKaa-xo rjiy6i» 
H rpycxL Bce8 acH3HH, KaKaa-xo 6ojib h Hacjiaacfl;eHie xBop^ecxsa. 
H Boxi CHJIHJIHCL KOHxypH*, aHHlH xaHniyiornHxt Ha^ajiH cjiHBaxBca; 
ocxajiocB xojiLKO Mory^ee Bne^axjiiHie ropaqefi, KJiy6ani;e8ca bojihh 
cjiaji;ocxpacxia, ^xo BXanyjia Bt cboS Boj^OBopoxi xojihh xaHi^yro- 
ni;Hxx», Bneqaxjii^me y^ameHHaro, aceJiaHieMt nanoeHHaro ;n;LixaHia, 
xpeneniiyni;aro Oiesia KpoBH, paxMH^ecEaro ;H;BHaceHia bojihhcxbix'l 
niaxBeB^, Bneqaxjitnie ^yscxBeHHaro yMonoMpa^enia, xpenia h 
cEOJiBacenia qejioB-feqecRHXt x-feji^.... H bo Bcefi 3xo8 xojint ont no- 
qyBCXBOBaji'B iie6si o^iiihhoehii'b h noEHHyxHMX>. 06Bi;i;eHHaa, cxojibeo 
pasx. BHji.'feHHaa c^eHa pa3pacxaexca Majio-no-Majiy, BEopenaexca 
Bce rjiy6as;e h cxaHOBHxca co6HxieM'B, Koxopoe yace HHEorfl;a ne 
safiHBaexca"... 

Co^epacanie h HHxepecB axofl EapxHHH necoMH^HHO saEJiio^aexca 
B-B Mepe;i;a^i^ nacxpoenia xy^oacHHEa, ho BcexasH oho ne Morjro 6hxb 
nepe;i;aHO nnaqe, EaEi npn noMomH x'fex'B BHimHHX'B aBjienifi, eo- 

XOpBIMH OHO 6hJI0 BH3BaH0. 

C'B xaRHMi ace xohehm'b noHHMaHieMX> nepej^aext nniH6LinieBCRiH 
cBoe BocxHnteHie noaaiefi KacnpoBHiia („H3X. KyaBCEoS ho^bh"). 
Mh yace cHXEpoBaan h3x> axofi npeEpacHofi EHHacEH noaxH^ecKoe 


t 


CTAHHCJIABt nmHBHUIEBCKlH. 145 


J onHcanie rpycxHofl poaHHH o6ohxi> HHcaTejiefi. TaKsce noaTH^iHO ne- 

I pecKasMBaeT'L ohi JinpH^ecKia no3Mu cBoero seMJiaKa. Bt diowh 

f H saKviioqaeTca bca ero KpHXHKa, ho ona BnoJini j^ocTHraexi ufkjm: 

I ^HTaiejiB nojiy^aeTx snojiHt acHoe npeja;cTaBJieHie o pa36HpaeMOM'B 

nHcaxejii, M^ciaMH, noKajiyH, 6oji^e HCHoe, qisit Hst qieHia caworo 
KacnpoBH^a. 

CaMHMi 6jiecTamHMX, 6htl Moacexi, o^epKOMi niuH6HBieBCKaro 
Bx axoM'B poj^t flBJiaexca ero axio^i o UIoneHt, jijoShmomi^ MysH- 
KaHxt aBxopa. Tyxi oh^b BnoJini bx. cBoefl c$ept. Mh ne nopy- 
^HMca, qxo nfflfl6HnieBCKi8 Jiajit aScojiioxHO npaBHjiBHoe h nojiHoe 
cjiOBecHoe BHpaKenie MysHKi HloneHa^ ;i;a axo h neBOSMoacHO. Ho 
XQ, Hxo OH'B HaMi fl;aex'L, HM^exi necoMH'feHHyio cbhsb ctaxoflMy- 
3HKo8, a KpoMt xoro, xopofflo caMO no ce6t, KaKi npeKpacHoe 
cxHXoxBopeHie bx. npo3t. Cjihibkom^b mhofo npHmjiocB 6h bhhhch- 
BaxB, qxo6H 3,axB noHaxie o6b axofi noasin. IIuiHSKiineBCKiH h 3fl,icb, 
KaK^B H npH paafiopi KacnpoBH^a, npHB0fl.Hxi bx. cbssb ncHxojioriK) 
[ apxHCxa H ero ncKyccxBO ci xapaKxepoMX» nojiBCKofi seMJiH, 6i&;i;HoS, 

MOHOXOHHOfl H KpaCHBOH KaKOIO-XO He^aJIBHOH KpacoxoK), — ne^ajiBHoft 

BO Bct BpeMena ^o;^a, ji;aace bi caMwfl paci^Btxi secHw, h cx> xa- 
paKxepoMi^ noJiBCKaro KpecxBaHHHa, xaKoro ace 6i&fliHaro, CMHpeHHaro 
H ne^ajiBHaro. 

CxpaHHi^Bi, r^i nmH6HffleBCKfl pHcyexx> noaxH^ecKHMH ^epxaMH 
CBofl Hapoj^i H CBOK) seMJiK), 6e3ycjiOBHO Jiyqniia, Kama ohx» Kor^a- 
jih6o Hanncajix.. Tyx:B ohx> 3a6HBaexi cboh apoxH^ecKifl 6peji;x., cBoe 
npespifiie kb JiK)ji;aM:B, cbok) HenaBHCXB kx» aceHmHHi, cbok) Mami) 
BejiH^ia. Kx» coacaj-feHiio, xaKHxi cxpaHH^x> cjiHmKOM'B Majio, hxo6h 
HCKynnxB Bcfe xt nejiinocxH, KOxopHa oxar^aioxx ero Jinxepaxypnyio 
coB^cxB. He 3XHMH npeKpacHHMH cxpaHHi^aMH o6ycjiOBJiHBaexca h 
o6aaHie nuiH6HnieBCKaro bi H3BicxHofi ^acxH hojibckhxi ^Hxaxejiefi. 
Bb HeH!B ^xyxx. anocxojia HOBaro HCKyccxsa, KoxopHfi bi CBoeMi^ 
Cesnoma^iiHOM'B Bejinnin renia cxohxx ^BHme atH3HH, BBime Mipa, 
Bjiafl;HKa Bjia^HK'B, He cxicHeHHMfl HHKaKHM'B 3aE0H0MX>, He orpaHH- 
HeHHHS HHKaKofi ^ejiOB^^ecKofi cHJiofl", xyfl;oacHHKa, KoxopHfi ne 
Moacex'B H He fl;oJiaceH'B 6hxb „hh cjiyrofi, hh pyKOBo;i;HxeJieMX>, ne 
npHHajpeacHX'B hh Hapo;n;y, hh Mipy, ne cjiyacHxi HHKaKofl H;fl;et, 
HHKaKOiiy . o6ffl[ecxBy ^*. 

Ha ^pefl;Hfl;y^^Hxx. cxpaHHi^ax'B mh cxapaJincB BHacHHXB, nacKOJiBKO 
WHOBaxejiBHBi BXH rpoMaAHBia npexensiH. Mti BH;i;tjiH, hxo b-b 6ojib- 
MHHCXBt cjiy^aeBB HCKyccxBO nHiH6HnieBCKaro BOBce ne hobo, ^xo 
OHO xicHO upHMHKaexx» KX> ;naBHO nepeacHxofl eBponeflcKHMB HCKyc- 
exBOMi* anoxi, h ;fl;aace bx BOSBpaniieHiH Ha3ajiiB cji:fe;i;yexx> no nyxa, 
yKasaHHOMy $paH^y3CKHMH, HtMe^KHMH H cKaHji,HHaBCEHMH HHcaxe- 
JiaMH. EcjiH 6bi Kxo-HH6yfl;B sansjica no;a;po6HBiMB HcxopnKo-jiHxepa- 
xypHHaii H3CJi'fejiiOBaHieMX> xBop^ecxBa nniH6BinieBCKaro, xo ohi Ha 
KaffijUOMB mary naxojiEHyjica 6u na BJiiaHie Hn^me, TiOHCMaHca, 
Bepjiena, MexepjiHHKa, H6ceHa, Tapfiopra h MHornxB jupyrnxx*. 

^ 4. OTA-feJiTb I. 10 


146 PyCCKOB BOPATCTBO. 

IlmHdHmeBCKifl yB^paexi, ito „3to Bemn qiicxo cjiy^iafiHMit h hh- 
^ero HesHa^yn^m. Kaac^Hfi ;ii;MGTBHTej[LHHfi xyAO^^HHK'E coBepmeHHO 
caMoeHTeni. Ont npHxoji;HT'B Ha CBiii ci HSBicxHHM'B, to^ho orpa- 
HH^eHHMM'b 3anaG0M'B GHJi^E, H axoTB sanacE ;i;oji.iceHi> 6uti> BHipy- 
aceHi. Bni^niflee BJimflie ;i;jia TBopiecKofl jih^hocth bctl tojibko 
pa3;i;paxaK)ii]^i3 HMnyjiBCB, npn noMOiii;H KOToparo narpoMoa^eHHHH 
Biy AjBit saaacB xBop^ecEBX'B ghje^b nepexo^Hxi hsi noii;G03HaxejiB- 
Haro GOCTOflHia Bt G03HaxejiLHoe". JI^MGXBHxejiLHo, IIIeKCflHpy hh- 
GKOJiLKO He BpefljEXi, ^0 owh 6pajii croasexH, a HHorAa h xapaKxepH 
ji^jia GBOHXI& xpare;i;ifi nst HeyKJiH)3CHx:E anrjiiSGKHXi h hhhto^lHux'l 
HxajiBffHGKHXi HOBejiJi'L, HoaMt H ^lipaMt, h6o 3a axHMt ocxaexGa 
ero co6cxBeHHaii Gnoco6HOcxB npoHHKaxB Bt qejioBi^iecKyi) fl;yniy h 
G03fl;aBaxL acHBHXi jiiDfl;e8 xaMX, r;a;i& y ero npe;i;nieGXBeHHHKOB'B 
6hjih xojilko MaHeKeHH gx HaKJieeHHHMH apjiH^KaMH. Ho „TBopqe- 
cKofl jih^hocth" EniHdHnieBGKaro snaTOxejiLHO Bpefl;Hxx xo o6Gxoa- 
xejiLGXBO, qxo Bc4 GOGxaBHHfl ^aGXH ero Mipoco3epn;aHiff fljaHu eMy 
ero npefljffleGXBeHHHKaMH hjh GBepcxHHKaMH, bg4 nonuxKH npoHHK-, 
flyxB Bi rjiyfioKia xafiHH MipoBofi schshh y^e ex o;i;HHaKOBO Ma- 
jiuM'B yGH^xoMi npoH3Beji;eHH panBnie ero wh napH^GSHX'B, 6epj[HH- 
CKHX'B H HopBeacGKHXTb Ka6a^Kax'B, oco6eHHO wh xtxi, rfl;* ;i;onyn^eHa 
aceHGKaa npnGjiyra. Ha KaKHXi ace „;i;oKa3axejiBGXBax'B 6jiaropofl;cxBa** 
OGHOBHBaexx OHX GBoe npaBo Ha sBanie GBepx^ejiOBtKa? Ha „re- 
HiajiBHofl" Heo6H^eHHOGXH GBoero ofipaaa acH3HH, o KoxopoM'B ex 
xaKoS rope^BB) roBopnx'B A. HeMoeBGKifl? 

Bojiie ^exBipexcoxi ^rh xoMy Haaavn;^ 6hjix OGyac^eni* na bh- 
c6jiHi];y xoace „reHiajiBHHfl" no o6pa3y hhshh, ho h no noaxane- 
GKOMy xajianxy ropoMBiKa ^pancya Bhjijioh'l. Ero xenepB :iH)6ax^ 
BcnoMHHaxB Bi» Gpe^^ napnacGKofi GBepx^ejiOBiqeGKofi 6oreMH. Ont 

etlJI-B rOpaSfliO GKpOMH'fee CBOHX'B nOKJIOHHEKOBl. „JIK)OT 6paXB^, BBI, 

KOXopBie acHBexe nocjii naGX, — npoGHJii owh bi cBoefl noaxHqecKofi 
9nHxa$iH, — He Goxpanaflxe oaceGxe^eEHKixx cepjiieH'B npoxHBX nact, 
h6o eGjiH BH 6y^exe hm^xb acajiocxB k'b naMX, 6tfliHHM'B, EorB cko- 
pte H Ki BaMX dy^texi MHjiocepfl;!.... yMOjiffeMX Bacx>, fipaxBJi, bbi 
He fl;oji3KHBi HMtoB Hpespiniff k'b naM-B, xoxa mh 6hjih KasneHBi 
GyfliOMi. Bi&;i;B BBT 3Haexe, qxo He BG'fe jiioffH o6jiaja;aH)x'B fijiaropasy- 

Egjih 6bi coBpeMeHHaa Hawi reniajiBHHHaiomaa 6oreMa ne XBa- 
Gxajia GBOHMH asBaMH, a BH^ijia bi hhx'b neG^aGxie, o6yGJioBjieHHoe 
HeGOBepmeHGXBaMH namero GKJiaflia acH3HH, „jiK>fl;H-6parBa" ne go- 
xpanajiH 6h npoxHBi . hhx'b „oaceGxo^eHHBixx> Gep;l;e^'B". 

EereHiM AereHi. 


COBPEMEHHLIE n^BIIbl. 


Mh noAHHMatJiHCJb no niHpoKoK AepeBanHOiJ, co c6hthmh CTy- 
ueHiiMH, JiicTHim'fe „Bojibinoro IIpHBOJimcKaro TpaKTKpa". Ha- 
flSJiH /^OHocHJica rjiyxofi myM'B rojiocoB'b h nefit-TO ryjiKift 

Mh BomjiH B-B sajiy. G^b T^y^owb npoOnpaHCb uemjiy cto- 

^aMH, MH, HaKOHei^'b, OTHCKaJIH CBO6OAHHH M'feCTa, H ycfejiHCh. 

Hepe^tt HaMH b'b KOHq'fe aajiH naxoAHJiacb cmena. liecrp'fejiH 
<5a;iaraHH0 paaMajieBaHHHa A^Kopai^iH. HpKO OTCBi^HBaJia 
paMna. 

JJfiOe MySK^HH'L B'B pyCCKHXl> IIOHA^BKaX'B, njiflcaBniHXTb Ha 

ci^efl'fe, pacKJiaHHBajiHCb ciy nyfijiHKOiJ. B'b aajii . annjiOAHpo- 
BajiH. 

— Hy, BOTb BaM'b H TpaKTHpHHe niceHHHKH, KOTOpHX'b BH 

^mejidijm BHA'feTb, — cKaaaji'b Mat Mofi cnyTHiiK'b, MOJiOAott nejio- 
BiKi), BOJimaHHH'b, ypoHceHeA'b h nocTo^HHHiJ MCHTCJib ropojia 
C — JIioConHTHo nocMOTpiib, KaKHMH yBeceJiem^MH pasBJieKaiDT'b 
npocTonapoAHyK) nyCjiHKy. , 

H cTaji'b ocMaTpHBaxbCH. 

OrfeHH fiojibinoiJ aajiH 6hjih OKJieeHH cB'feTJiHMii oCo^mh Ch 
i^BiTO^KaMH. B'b npocrfeHKax'b MeacAy oKnaMH, B'b KOTopHH cfh 
yjiHi^H rjiHA'feJia leMnaa Ho^b, BHAfltjiHCb MyTHHH aepKajia B'b 
^ojioqeHHX'b paMKax-b. 

G'h noTojiKa cnycKajiHCb sa^K^enHHH jiaMiiH. Ilaxjio cnnp- 
TOM'b, KepocHHOM'b, CMasHHMH canoraMH. 3ajia 6HJia nojma nep- 
Hoii H cfepofl nyOjiHKH. 

KopenacTHe MysKHKH, paOonie c'i> BOJi^cKOfi npncTaHH, B'b 
KynaneBHX'b py6axaxT>, cb cjiohmh ^KejiTOft uhjih na njie^ax'b, 
•cb KHpnH^Haro nB'feTa, ot'b sarapa, jiHi^aMH h ineaMH, cha'^JIh 
3a y^KHHOM'b. ITepeA'b hhmh na cTOJiax'b cioajiH mhckh co maMH, 
TopniKH Cb Karaefi; ohh BHXHpajiH AepeBansHH jiojkkh jiomtsmh 
'Hepnaro xjitCa, hjih dhjih nati, oOMaKHBan B'b CTaKann 6ojib- 
xuie KycKH CHTHaro. Hx'b BHHMame (5h.iio iiorjioinieHO 'feAoii; na- 

10* 


148 PyCOKOH BOrATCTBO. 

cHiujajincB OHH Me;iJieHHO, cocpei^oroHeHHo, MOJi^a h He rjiaA<« 
Ha cu;eHy. 

Jlipyrie ctojih 6hjih aaHflTU ropo;],cKHMii MacTepoBHMH, pe- 
MecjieHHHKaMH, Bi) H'feMeuiKHX'b HHA^aKax'B noBepxi) pyCCKHXI^ 
py6anieKi). 9th nnjiii naft, hkbo h Bo;^Ky, cjitflHJiH aa npeji;- 
ciasjieHieM'B, rpoMKo myTHjm, onoCpajiH hjih HacMtniHHHajm. 

HtCKOJIbKO npHKaa^HKOBI) BT) KpaXMaJIbHHX'b BOpOTHHKaX'H 

CHA'feJiH noonajib H ;5epmajiHCb rocnoAaMH. 

Ho cocfeACTBy cb HaMH noM'bmajiacb rpynna 3B30jickktix 
paCo^HX-b, 3T0 6hjih Jiro^H ct> Cji'fe^HHMn jiHi^aMH, cii ycTajiHM'B 
BHpameHieM*b b^ rjiaaaxi). Ohh CHA'fe.HH, aacynyB'b pyKH B'b Kap- 
MaHH, H MOJi^a, yrjiOM-b pTa, Kypii,jiH nannpocH. 

Koe-rA'fe BHflHtaiicb jih^hocth, oAHHOKia h XMypHa, B'b H3op- 
BaHnHXT) OAe^naxT). Ohh hhjih Bo^Ky h, 6hjio bhaho, HanHBa- 

JIHCb CHCTpO, TB,Kb KaKTb ymC npHXOAHJIH nbHHHMH. 

Cpe^H nociTHTejiett 6hjio aobojibho mhofo meEuxuwh. 
^Bt ^KenmnHH, noatHJia^ h MOJioaa^, B'b AepeBencKHXii. 
HJiaTbaxT), Cb njiaiKaMH na roJioBaxi), noxomin Apyr'b na Apyra, 

CMOTp'fejIH BOKpyr'b Ce6H Cly HCnyraHHMM'b H HfeAOyM'feBaiOIHiHM'B 
JIK)60IIHTCTB0M'b. 

3a TO 6hJIH H TaKia 5i?eHIIi;HHH, KOTOpHH XOAHJIH 0Tb CTOJia 

Kb cTOJiy, noAca^HBajiHCb K-b My^K^nnaM'b, BHnpamHBajiH na- 
nnpocH. 

Mem^y T'feM'b Ha cu;eH'fe ycTaHOBHJicn xop'b. HeJioB'feK'b 10 xo- 

pHCTOB'b BHTHHyjIHCb B'b p^Al). OhH OmJIH OA^TH B'b nJIHCOBHH 

TeMHOBCJieHHHa Cly HosyMeHTOM'b 6e3pyKaBKH, rojiyOHa pyOaniKH^ 
mnpoKie mapoBapH h BHCOKie canorn, HHane cKaaaTb, B'b TaKix 
Ha3HBa6MHe „pyccKie" hjih „6oapcKie" koctiomh. 

Sanisajio BHcrynnji'b BnepeA'b h noAomeji'b Kb panni. 9Ta 
OHJi-b Kp'fenKO cji05KeHHHft, cpeAHflFO pocTa MyacHHHa CB 3a^e- 

CaHHHMH Ha3aAT> AJIHHHHMH pyCHMH BOJIOCaMH, Cb OTRpBTTHM-B^ 
HO MaJIO 3HaHHTeJIbHHM'b JIHI^OM'b, 06niiHM'b OfijIHKOM'b CBOHM*B 

HoneMy-TO HanoMHHaBmift nojioTepa. On'b npHHaji'b ycjiOBHyio 
no3y, saKHHyjTb rojiOBy Ha3aA'b, BCTpaxnyji'b npnnHMH bojiock 
31 Hanajib: 

HyjotHHft MicHux HJiHBerb Ha^'b piKOio, 

Bee Bt o6'LHTBHXTb HOHHOH THHIHHH... 

Tojiocb H'feBUia ci> nepBOfi hoth MrnoBeHHO B3Jierfejrb Ksepxy ^ 
Ba3BeH'feJi'b H TOT^acb ynajii) BHH3'b, cjiobho 3axjie(5Hyjica B'b. 
p'i5K'fe, 3a3By^ajii> rjiyxo, KaK'b H3'b-noA'b boah; hotomI) bhhhp- 
Hyji'b BM'fecT'fe c^ BOJiHoU, pascHEajicH nepejiHBaMH, nponecca 
BaA'b 3aTHxmHM'b CeperoM'b k cHOBa B3JieT'feji'b KBepxy, TyAa^ 

rA'3^ CB-feTHJICH M'fecai^'b. 

MysKHHHa, noxomift na nojioTcpa, BCTpaxHBaji'b BOJiocaMH^ 


COBPEaEHHME nsBii,u. 149 

Me^TaieJibHo cKJioHHjnb rojioBy to nnpaBO, to BJi'feBo h passo- 
^HJix pyKaMH, nofloOHO AeiuiaMaTopy. 

FojiocB irfeiBi^a BApyr-B saaByqaJit CTpacTHUM'L npHBHBOM-B: 

Hnnero uwh TaKt btj >kh3hh hc naAo, 
ToJiBKO BHjifkrh tcSh, mhjiuh moh... 

H cHOBa nepcM-feHMJiCH rojiocT>: ohT) yTpaTHJi'b BBy^HocTb, 
HepenzeJTB Biy naTeTHnecKitt nionon> cb npHAHxaniHMH, CTpe- 

aklHTeJIBHHM'B pe^^HTaTHBOMI): 

ToJIbKO BH^iTB Te6H, MHJIHH MOH, 
JIl06OBaTI>CH TBOeft KpaCOTOH. 

To Ohjii* rojiocb CHpoJi, Heo6pa6oTaHHHfi, ho yjKe HSJiOMan- 

ItHti HCKyCCTBeHHHMH npiCMaMH, 3By^aiH,ifl to OTTfeHKaMH Te- 

Hopa, TO CapHTOHa, HaAopsaHEHft, ho Bce me npiaTHHft, cBoe- 
^^CpaBHO-yBJieKaTejibHHK. 

CM'feniHO, 3a6aBHO h rpycTHO 6hjio CMOTp'feTb na TeaTpajib- 
eyio no3y ntsiiia, na ero ABHSKema, naM'fepeHHHii, paBCHHTan- 
HHH Ha 3(|)(|)eKT'b. Ho 6hjio acHo, HTo 3T0T'b apTHCTi) fi-B „6oap- 

CKOM^b" KOCTIOM'b, CO CBOCfi SaTMjIHBOit, HaiIBH0-H3MHniJieHH0ft 

TeaTpajibHOCTbK) npoA'bJiHBaji'b Bce to Jiynniee, na hto CHHTaji'b 

Ce6fl CnOCOfiHHM'b, H CaMnMB AOOpOCOB'feCTHHM'b oOpasoMi) CT^.- 

pajica nocjiy^cHTb nyOJiHK'fe, A^Tb efi KaKTb mo^ho Cojibnie orb 
cBoero HCKyccTBa. 

XopB noAXBaTHJi'b cJiOBa n'fecHH: 

HHHero MHi TaKt b-b )kh3Hh He Ha;^o... 

IIoAHajiHCb H cjiobho 3aKa^ajiHCb B'b BOBAyx'fe rycTHe, rpya- 
HHe aKKopAH CacoBTb H eapHTOHOBB. 3a3ByHajia rapMOHHKa. 3a- 
nisajio, — BipoaTHo, ji^Jia. Oojibmelt KaprHHHocTH HcnojmeHiii, — 

HJiaBHO H MipHO Oe^HMH pyKaMH OTCpIBaJIB BT) BOBAyX'fe TaKTB, 
^HpHJKHpya XOpOMl). 

nyOjiHKa BaTHXJia h cnyiuajia. 

H cjiHmHO 6hjio TOJibKO, KaKx iHMHrajiH BsaAB h BnepeA'b 
npoBopHHe nojioBLie, pasHOCHsinie nysaTHe HaftHHKH cte> kh- 
n^TKOM'b H mapKaBHiie no nojiy HoraMH b'b rpfl3H0-6'fejiBix'b 6e3- 
noKftHO coAporaBiUHXCH naHTajioHax'b. 

51 orJiHAHBajiCH na ny6jiHKy h HeBOJibHO pasMHuiJiajTb o 
TOM'b H'feHiH, KOTopoe pasAaBajiocb co ci^eHH. Bhjio MrnoBeme, 
KorAa MHi nonyajiocb, ^to HaA'b Bceii saJioft npoHecjiocb AHxa- 
Hie KaKol!-TO CKopOn, Hcnyra, nero-TO iiiieMamaro, xBaTaiomaro 
3a cepAUie. 

IIpieMH H'feBiiia 6hjih yBipenHbie, 6oftKie, BHpaSoTaHHHe na- 

BHKOM'b H OHHTOMB. 

Ho, — CTpaHHO cKasaTb! — B'b ero nicni He cjiHmajiocb Ka- 


150 PyCCBOB BOrATCTBO. 

Koro-HH6ynB piaKo sHpaH^ennaro onpeatJieHHaro nyBCTBa. To 

HyBCTBO npHpO^^H, KOTOpoe n'feseHi'B XOTtjIt KHOHCHTL B'B cbok^ 

nicHB, He BHSHsajiocb caMoa n'fecHbio. To 6hjio CKopie cxpeM- 
jienie B03C03;taTb yTpaneHHoe nyBcxBo ^pHpo;^H. B% nicHt 3By- 
najiH TpeBora, pacTepHHHOCTb, no^TH neAoyMime, cjiobho niBi^y 

6hJI0 TiCHO B'B 9T0lt HeCKJiaAHO-CaHTHMeHTaJIBHOfi, COMHHreJIb- 

naro npoHcxo^KjieHia irfeceHKi. H, BCJiyuiHBaiicb B-b Hcnojine- 
Hie, a HCBOJibHo jjyusijrh, hto rpycTb, KOTopaa BBy^ajia bt. 
n'bcH'b, 6HJia He nyBCTBOM'b, ho jiHmb tockok) no ^yncTBy: ne 
TO BocnoMHHanieM'b o "^eM-b-To norH6meM'b,*HeTo naameM-b ne- 
ro-TO HOBaro. J^a, mh^ Kaaajiocb, hto to 6HJia TocKa no HacTon- 
n^eny nyscTBy, ncKanie hhhxi>, ncTHHHHX'b BAOXHOBenifi h bh- 

COKHXTb HyBCTB'b, H ^TO TOJIbKO mttKOe HyBCTBO ntfiei^'b MOr'b 

BKJiaAHBaTb BTb BTy coBpeMeHHyK) ntceHKy, n HMenno 9Toit to- 
cKoio ^OM'b-To Oojn>nieM'b h jiyHmeMi> tipoHaBOAHJix Bnena- 
TJiiHie Ha cjiymaTejiefi. 

HacTynHBniaH THmnna npHBJieicJia B-b aajiy xo3iiftCKaro CHHa. 
Ohi* oKaaajicJi bhcokhmI), mojioahmI), ho yme o6pH)3rniHM'b ^e- 

JIOBiKOMl), Cb MyTHHM'b BSTJlHJ^OUly sacnaHHHX'b OTOpontjIHX'b 

rjiaai). Owb ocTanoBHJic^ bi* ABepjixi) y Bxo^a B'B cocijxEJom 
6y$eTHyK) KOMHaTy, orJiaA^ji-b nyfijiHKy, cjiobho yAHBHJiCH. 

Me5KAy T'feM'b npoTiiacnaa n-fecHH xopa 3aK0HHH.nacb n tot- 
Hacb nepemjia B-b (5oliKyK) nJiHCOByio. SantBajio cxBaTHJi'b 6y- 
CeH-b. rapMOHHKa npoBopno saroBopnjia, TpeyrojibHHK'b Becejio 
sasBeH'feji'b, a dyOen-b B'b pyKaxi) 3an'feBajm[ ryjiKO 3aBHJi'b, 3a- 
ry^iji-b, 3a3B0HHjn>. 

XyAeHbKift Majib^HKi) B'b noAAeBKi BHOi^aji'b na cepeAHny 
cii;eHH. Onnpaiicb pyKaMH B'b Oe^pa, oh'b CTajii> BHA'fejiHBaTb 
HoraMH MejiKie nepeCopn h CTy^aji'b KaOjiyKaMH o hoamoctkh. 
Horn B'b canosKKax'b fiHCTpo nieBejinjmcb, ho TOHKoe TyjioBHme 
MajibHHKa Ka3ajiocb coBCfeM-b Heno;iBH5KHHM'b, a jihij;o ero 6hjio 
CTpanno noKofino, Oji'^aho, cepbe3H0. 

Ha BCTp-feny Majib^HKy ABHHyjicn HecKJiaAHHft napenb ci> 
aomaAHHHM'b jiHij;oM'b n KaK-b-TO neji'feno 3aceMeHHJi'b, 3aAep- 
raji'b HoraMH. On'b pacnpaBJiaJi'b B'b BosAyx'fe cboh A-^nnHHH 
cii nmpoKHMH JiaTAOHHMH pyKH H.IIH BApyri) ynnpajica OAHHAfb 
najibi^eM-b bi> 6eApo: mecrb, BbrxoAUBmifi y Hero ocoSenno CMtm- 

HNM-b H HaHBHHM'b. 

QsiThM'h 6pocHJicH BnepeA'b OTHaaHHHft nji^cyn'b, ^epHHtt, 
KaK'b 5KyK'b, KopoTKOHorift My^K^nna. H3orHyB'b B'b KOJi'feHHX'b 
Horn, on'b ci^ rpoMKHM'b TonoTOM'b nonecca no ci^en'fe, noTOM'b 
ocTaHOBnjiCii, CA'fenaji'b „BHX0AKy'*, pa3CHnajica Apo6bio, npo- 
mejicH „HeHeTKoii", 3aBHJi'b „BepeBO^iKy". 

n;jiacyHH conijincb, pa3oniJiHCb, cTajin B'b paA'b, cb Kopox- 
KOHomM'b My5i^^HH0fi no cepeAHHt, paspasnjincb npncaAKon, 


I 


COBPBMEHHHE ^'BB^H. 151 

BCKOHHJIH H OKOH^HJIH 6'feineHHMl> TlU.fJSTOWhj TSiKh HTO HOJIH 

Hxi) pascxerHyTHxt CeapyKaBOK'B BSJierfejiH KBepxy. 

BpHxejiH 3aannjio^HpoBajiH, pasAaJiHCb rpoMKie kphkh: „6pa- 

BO" H „6HC'b". 

IIji^cyHH KJiaHHjiHCb nyCjiHKt. HepHHfi My^^HHa oTjxy- 
Bajica, Tamejio j^nniajTB h cKajiHJi'b OiJiHe syCH. K)Homa ci> 
jiomanHHOfi (|)H3ioHOMiell rjiH^'feJi'b haIotckh - paBHOAyniHo, a 

nJIHCaBHliit Ct nenOJIBHmHHM'B KOpnyCOM'L MaJIB^HK'b HM'fejIT> 

Bce TOTb 5Ke Bull's, ycTajiHlt H cepbesHHli. 

nocjit 8Toro xopB cHOBa Ha^ajit niib. HcnojiHHjiH iiicHH 
Bce Toro me coBpeMCHHaro penepxyapa: 

„3aHiM'i> TH, CeayMHaii, ry6iimB?.." „Pa3A'feJiHT'B nacB ao- 
jiHHH, ropH...** „PyKa Moa nncajia..." „Korjia poaan'B pacinBi- 
TaerB..." h npoH. 

KajK^aii ntcHii nenpeMteHO saKaH^HBajiacB nJincKofi. Sani- 
Bajo no npe^KHeMy paioBajiB bo cjiaBy HCKyccTBa h ^ofipoco- 
BtcTHO CTapajica yBjie^b nySjiHKy. 

H CHOBa MH'fe ^yOT-IHCb BB BTHXB n'feCHflX'B pacTepaHHocTb 

H HezJioyMiHie h „T0CKa no ncTHHHOMy nyBCTBy", TOCKa, ko- 

TOpoK He BHaiOT-B nOIOmiH HTHIIiH He6eCHHH, KOTopan BHaKOMa 

TOJibKo ^ejioB'feKy, nocTaBJieHHOMy bi> ycjioBi^i neajiopoBOfi hch3Hh. 
H BFjiHAHBajiCH Wh oKpymaBuiyK) nacb o6cTaHOBKy n neBOJibHo 
y6'fe5KAajiC5i, hto HMeHHO TaKaa ^H3Hb BHnajia na aojih) 9Toro 
npocTonapoAHaro apTHCTa... H cHOBa mh^ Kasajiocb, hto Jinmb 
3T0 HeonpBA'fe.JieHHoe n CMyTHoe ^yBCTBo, 3Ta TOCKa no diyn- 
mnM'b ^lyBCTBaMB n... Jiy^meny cymecTBOBaniH) xopomo BKJia- 
Z^HBaeTC«a b'b oth coBpeMeHHHH, khcjihh niceHKH, hto Jinmb 
OHO HaxoAHJio OTBHBB, BO30ymji;ajio BOJiHeme bb 9Tofi coBpe- 
MeHHofi nyfijiHRi. 

BnpoHeMB, nocfeTHxejiH cjiymajin cb MeHbniHMB BHHMameMB. 
HojioBHe cTynajiH nocyAOlt Xo3aficKifl chhb, ctoh y npzTOJiKH, 
cohhhmb h Ha^ajibCTBeHnHMB okomb oKn^HBajiB 3ajiy, necajiB 

BaTbTJIOKB H rpOMKO 3'feBaJI'B. 

EcjiH BB nyGjiHR-b ycHJiHBajiCH myMB, to no JiHuiy saniBaJiH 
npoS'ferajia t^hb, h TOxnacB ohb Ha^HHajTB HanpnraTb JierKia 
H HaApHBaji'b CBOfi r.o.iiocB, BCTynaa bb cocTii3aHie co cbohmh 
cjiyniaTejiHMH. Ho ny6,nHKa OAOJitoajia, 3ajia ciaHOBHJiacB myM- 
hM, BaniBajio ycTynajiB n cpe^iH roBOpa h cxyKa cMnpenHo 

THHyjIB CBOH ntOHH. 

HaKOHeii;']^, cAiJiajin aHTpaKTB. XopncTH comjin cb noAMO- 
CTKOBB H xoAHJiH cpcAH nyCjiHKH. Ohh nOACaSKHBaJIHCb KB 3Ha- 

KOMHMB rOCTflMB, KypHJTH H HEJiy BOAKy. 

KoMnania mojioahxb noAMacTepBeBB, CHA'feBniaa nenoAa- 
JCKy OTB nacB, noAossajia kb cefii MaJieHbKaro njiacyHa. 

CepbesHoe h GjiiAHoe jihij,o Majib^iiKa Ghjio npo3paHHO, KaKB 
TOHKifi BocKB. PyKaBa ero nynmoBoft pyfianiKH cnaAajin cb 


152 PyOCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

yaeEbKHXt noKaxHX'b njie^'b. Bo;iKy oht> hhjit* pasHOAyniHO u 
cepteaHO. 

OaHH'B H3'B XOpHCTOBI), K)HOma CO CMaBJIHBHM'B, HO 6e3CMHC- 

jieHH0-;i;ep3KHMT> jiiihhkomi> noAcfejit Kb cbohmh npmieaaM'L 
MacTepoBHM'b H CTBULTi norfemaTb uxh paBHHMH mxyKaMH. OffB 

rpHMaCHHHaJI'B, MOpmilJI'b CBOft npaMOft BOpoObHHHii HOCIIK'b, 

BCKHZlHBaH Ha Hcro poroBoe n3HCH9 cb TOJiCTHM'b mnypKOMi*, 
H noKasHBaji'b (|)OKy cb, KoxopHfi cocTOHJiTb Bx yM'femii ABHraTb 
Ko^eft Ha ^epen'fe h ineBejiHib ymaMH. Hpi^TejiH ciy rjiynofi 
5KaAH0CTbH), pasHHyB-b pTH, rjiajitjiH Ha erp MHMHKy. 

Mh npHKaaajiH nojiOBOMy npnrjiacHTb Kh naMi) Koro-nnOyjib 

HST) apTHCTOBTj. IIOJlOBOft 6HCTpO HeOpeJKHO nOMaxajIl) Bl* B03- 

Ayx-fe najibD;eM'b. 

IIoziomeAniift kl naM-b xopncTt eHJii) cTpofiHHtt, KyApHBHft 
Cpronerb. Ero scepTH 6hjih tohkh h npaBHJibHH, om^ noxoz[H-jn> 
Ha ntBUja Hiajibrnma: ho Ko^a na ero jiHut Kasaaacb b^ijioK, 
H rjiaaa CMOTpijiH He npHMHM'b B3rjiaji;oM'b. 

Ofl'b ycfejica H Ha EB.mT> Bonpocb oC-b yromemn npocn.Ji'b 
3aKa3aTb nHBa. Bcjit^'b aa rhuiy ofl'b ycM-fexnyjiCH ii npoHSHecb: 

— BaM'b, rocno^a, neCocb CMtmHO Ha name n-fenie?.. Bajia- 
raH'b HHCT'feitmili! He xaKX jiH-cb? A TOJibKo bh ne noAyMafiTe: 
8T0 A'feJio TpyAHoe. He BipHTe? Hpas^y BaM'b roBopio: jx'h:^o 
TpyAHoe H HHKaKoro BHiiManiH ne CTOioiuiee. 

— A BH flaBHO BT) XOpt? — CnpOCHJIH MH. 

— J^aBHO-cb... TaKij hto, moh^ho CKaaaTb, o^eHTb MH'b na- 
floijia BCH 3Ta My pa!., fl coficTBenHO nopTHoft-cb... CnaHajia 
AepsKajTb MaciepcKyio... Hy-cb, a hotomT) BHineji'b ceMeftcTBes- 
HHiJ pasjian-b: ^Kena bx OAHy ciopony, h bI) Apyryio... Hy, k 
Bssijrb njiioHyji'b h nocTynHJii> bI) xopn. 71|a-ci>. YTOMJieHie 
6ojibmoe, a TOJiKy HHKaKoro. Y nacb BCHKift noerb — Ha CBOtt 
CTpax'b 6eperb h HaHHHaeTT> ci> BKcnpoHiy. Bowh Biy mvsh- 
KajibHofl jiaBKis KanepTOHib 15 jitx'b npoAaeicH, a ao chx^ 
nop'b He npoAan-b. TaKoe ym-b name 6e3HOTHoe n'fenie... Cb ro- 
Jioca yHHMca. 

— Kto 5Ke Bacb j^mny? 

— ^a KaK-b npHAexcH: to KySapeBi), san'feBajio, a to Hbo^- 
TnEi>, aHTpenpeHepii, KOTopnft na rapMomn nrpaerb, h3bojiiuih 
siM^THTb? Oei^ y nacb ne noerb, a TOJibKO noKasHBaeTi). Y nero 
Tome rojiocb OhjiT), xa-apomeHbKifi rojiocoK'b: h Tenopi^ bhco- 

Ki^, H AHCKaHTHK'b, H OapHTOfl^HK'b^ Hy, a Tenepb TOJIbKO TaK'b, 

ajibTHHiKa HeroAHH^ft... 

Hocji'fe eToro nani'b coGeciAHHK'b cxaji'b npocTpaHHO ofi'biic- 
HHTb HaMx, ^To TaKoe xopoBoe ntaie h BooOme xopi>. 

— FjiaBsaa cyTb A'fe-ia B-b santBaji-fe, — roBopH.Tb ofl'b, ne^K^y 
npoHHM'b. — B'b ApyrHXT) xopax-b san'feBajio ofl'b ^e aflxpenpe- 
nep'b. 9to TojbKo y nacb HX'b ABoe: ofl'b h cb coAepsKaxejieMT) 


COBPEMEHHBIE ^■BB^H. 153 

saBeAenia KOHTpaKT'B noOTHineT'b, owb h apiHCTOB'b HaaoBei'b, 
H o6y^HT'i> HXT), H maJioBaHie hmi> rLTiaxHTi)... B-b HHHtmHee 
BpeMii no poccittcKHM-b ropoAaMi> BaseAemti, KoxopH^ cb pa3- 
BJieneHiaMH, Majio. Onsvsh sRe h BHHHan MOHonojim iipurfecHiierL: 
3aBeAeHiit mhofo noaaKpHJiocb, ny, CTaao Chtb, h ntTb Her^tt... 
Ha BCK) Bojiry TOJibKO Tpn-qeTHpe ropoAa. TojibKo Biy HH^neM'b 
BO BpeMH apMapKH CB060AH0 AonycKaioTCH, KyuuiH ysa^Kaiorb... 
Mnoro Ty^a bc^khx-l xopoBi> cbtBa^aeTca... ^a, hto!— coBC'bM'b 
He CToroniiee a^jio... CKBepHan nania 5KH3Hb, coBcfeMt coCa^be 
5KHTbe! MoJKHO cKasaTb, paAH passpaTy TOJibKO ^HBeMT*. 
EacejiH y Koro Shjitb rojiocb, to ot-b TaKoia musnn npona- 
^eTh OeanpeMtHHo... Bot-b KaKTb y HBOJirHHa... IIoTOMy, cKa- 

3aTb K-B npHM'fepy, paSB'fe B03M05KH0 nHTb U KypHTb 6pOCHTb 

Jierne JiioOoBHHi^y GpocHTb... 

B'b 9T0 BpeMa K'B HameMy cTOjiy nojioine^TB HecKJiaAHKft 
napeHb, KOTopHft njiacajiB na cjxewh BwhcTh cb MajiBHHKOMii 
H KopoTKHorHM'b My5K^HH0fi. OflTb 03HpaJica BOKpyri* ce6a Hcny- 
raHHO H noAOBpHTejibHo, cjiobho co Bcfex-b CTopoHB JKAajiB na- 
naAenia h o6hah. Ha Jinui'fe ero 6hjio BHpa^Kenie Tynoe h npn- 
iniiSjieHHoe, KaKt y KpeTHHa. Owb ocTaHOBHJica h cMOTp'feji'b 

KOCHM-b H maAHHMTb BSFJIHAOM'b Ha HHBO, KOTOpoe KHJIB HaiU'b 
XOpHCTb. 

nocjitAHitt He BHAepJKajiB h saKpHnajiB: 

— Th Hero ycTaBHJica? He BHAaJi'b hto jih?.. Hy, ^a HopiB 
CB To6ofl... npHKasKHTe iiOAaib eMy boakh, ohb y nacB oG^^opa. 

HojioBoli npHHecB pioMKy boakh Ha noAHOcfe. lOnoma — 
KpeTHHB norjiHA'feJi'B Ha nacB cb H'bKOTopHM'B ynpeKOM^B, OAHaKO, 

BHnHJIB H TOJIBKO KpHKHyjI'B. 

Me^KAy TiMB, HTajiBaneqi'B BOsneroAOBajiTb. rjia3a ero bchhx- 
HyciH, ry(5bi saApomajiH. Owh ofipaTHJica K'B nojioBOMy h npons- 
HecB CKB03B 3y6H: 

— fl TeCa Hay^y, 6paT^, KaKB noAaBaTB BOAKy: ne CMiliTb 
IipiiHOCHTB 6e3B saKycKH!.. XaMT>!.. 

Ma<]iHlt yxMHJiBHyjica h n6meji'B 3a saKycKoii. 

— BoTB BHAHTO JIH, KaKaa nama ;kh3hb, — nporoBQpHJiiD xa- 
pHCTi,, — HHKaKoro yBaacenia, tohho ne jiioah, xojiyft ii TOTBHa- 
poBHT^B Bi) rjiasg^ HaiiJiesaTB. 

HAioTH^ecKiitt lOHoma KHHyji-B BCJitATb nojioBOMy bhcoko- 

MtpHO npespHTeJIBHHft BSrJiaA'B H, AOBOJIBBH^ CBOHM'B TopjKe- 

CTBOMB, iioAcfejiB K'B EdiWb H cefiiHacB me cTanB ^KajiOBaTBca 
Ha nojioBHx^B, Ha nyCjiHKy, na TOBapHmeil. 

— Bona AypaKH chahtb, — Spro^^Kaji'B ohb, — napHHiUKy Majio- 
ji-feTHKro BOAKOit noHT'B, a Ha hto eMy BOAKa? ohb b'b neft 
cKyca He 3HaeTi>... A bohb 9htotb cb o^KaMH MypjiH ctpoiitb! 
Hnib HepTeft T'feuiHT'B! Hpe^Ae cano5KHHKOMB Chji^b: xoshhhb 
ero npornaji'B, oh'b b'b xopH nomeJi'B... Hamn pe6aTa Bcfe xo- 


154 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

poniH: Koro hh bobbmh, Bcfe MomeHHHKH, kto nopTHOii, kto ca- 
no^KHHK'B... HeniTo 9to apTHCTH? A Tosae hocb aaAHpaiorL, h 
HyTi> ^To, ceflnacb 9to leCt b-b MopAy! Oaho cjiobo, HHTpHrasH!.. 
Mfci CTajiH pascnpaniHBaTb xopncTa-HTajibaHi^a oCtj Hboji- 
THH* H KyCapeBt. 

— OHHJiioAHflmeroceC'fe, — oTBt^aji-b oh-b, — CMHpHHe, THxie, 
CB HHMH jjfkjia. BecTH Mo»tHo. KyGapeBt, saniBajio, totb onenb 
cTapaeTCH, see xo^eT'b, hto6h 6hjio noKpacoBHTifi, h noeT'b ny- 
TpoMi), Bii Eewh TocKa ecTb. . HBOJirHH'b T05Ke HHHero, Hejio- 
B'hKb pascyAHTejibHHfl, TOJibKO 0HT> y Hacb AoxjieHbKiti, noAKo- 
meHHbrfl; paaynteTca, orb ap^hhoU nameti »ch3hh. /ta Borb^ 
e^cejiu mejiaeTe, a hx^ k'b BaM'b ceft^acb npuBCAy. 

OfiTb ymejii) h HtcKOJibKo BpeMenn cnycia BepnyjiCH bm*- 
crfe cb santBajioft H rapMOHHCTOMi). Mh no3HaKOMHJiHCb. 

JIhii;o santBajiH b6jih3it Kasajiocb 6oJi'fee BfcipasHrejibHHM'L^ 
eiM'b CO cu;eHH. Ohx* HMtji'b 6ojibinie ctpHe, ntcKOJibKO aaAyM- 
HHBHe rjiaaa. FoBopHJi'b oBiy MeAJieHHO, cii KaKoi!-TO cnoKoKHOfi 
rpycTbK) H BAyMHHBOft cAepjKaHHOCTbK). OhI) paacKasajTb, ^xa 
BecbMa jiK)6HT'b n'feHie h ntcHH, eme MajibHUKOMi) coctohji'b bT). 
xopt, H CBoelt AOJiacHOCTbH) Bnojifli AOBOJieHx.. Oropnajica oh'b 
TOJibKO Thwb, ^rro itySJiHKa He BcerAa cjiymaeT'b, a bm^cto tofo 
uhQTTy H inyMHTb. EnpoHeM-b, OH-b CTapajiCH npuMHpHTbca H Cb 

8THM'b 06CT0aTeJIbCTB0Ml>. 

— TaKaa jmiy nama A0Ji5KH0CTb, — pascyacAaJi'b ORi>y — b^ab 
TOJibKO ji;jia. Toro h noeni), ^to6h B'b TpaKTHp-b jiioah npnxo- 
AHJiH, Aa noAOJibme chzi^jih h noCojibme nHJiH h 'fejiH. Bon> 
B'b KiaTpaxT) Aa KOHiiiepTaxi> ts^wl ji'hjio Apyroe: xaM'b MysbiKa 
H ntaie rjiaBHoe. 

HBOJirHH'b, aHTpeiipenep'b h rapMOHiicT'b, 6HJi'b TtLi.eAyniHHlt, 

TOHKiii, HeSAOpOBarO BHAa ^eJIOB-feKT), CO CB'feTJIHMW p'feAKHMH BO- 

jiocaMH Ha rojioB'fe h y^aiii,eHHo MopraBmHMH rJiasKaMH. FjiaAKo 
BHCpHToe xyAoii^aBoe, ho eme MOJiOAoe jihii;o ero Kaaajiocb Ty- 
cKJiHM'b H c'bpHM'b, H Bccb OH'b HOXOAHJi'b Ha KaKyK)-TO Hcny- 
raHHyK) nTHHKy. Oh-b FoBopHJi'b mhofo h 6hctpo, eeBBBy^HHM-B 

TOpOIIJIHBHM'b rOBOpKOM'b. H OXOTHO MCajIOBajICil Ha thfocth cbo- 

ero cymecTBOBaniH. 

— C'b HeTHpex-b nacoB'b aha h ao ^acy hohh noeM'b, — 5Kajro- 
Bajica OH'b, — TpHjmaTb n'bcen'b noeM'b Ha xosflHHa Aa na rocTert:, 
CKOjibKO KTO saKa^KeT^. y Hacb no 30 Kon'feeK'b njiaTaT'b sa 
ii-fecHK). PaCoTH TbMa, a Bce HBOJirHH'b: HBOJirHH'b xopH paay^K- 
Baft, HBOJirHH'b na rapMOHHK'fe nrpafi, h nonofi, h nonjiamir, 
KOjiH Hymno... BoT-b Ka6H K'b HBOJirnny npnSaBHTb CopoKHHa, 
Aa BopoHHHa, Aa FajiKHna, Hy TorAa Apyroe 6h a^JIO... A TyTi> 
aTO caMoe BHHHiii,eI.. Momno cKaaaTb, B'b finn-fe sKHBeM'b, bhhomi> 
AHHieM-b!.. H 9TaK'b Ka^KAHfi AGHb, Ka^'AHfi A^Hb. "^HCToe npo- 
KHHTie-cb!.. XoaaHH'b y nacb o3opHoft, a CHH'b xosaficKift sa- 


C0BPE31EHHBIE H^BI^H. 155 

CyjiTiHra, coBcfeM'b HenyTeBHK, hh js.Eeu'h, hh ho^bk) h'st^ yrapa 

He BHXOAHTt... Oat y Oma COCTOHT'B KOHTOpmHKOM'b, ^a KaCCH 

eMy HioxaTb ne Aaroi'L: pasopHT-B!.. 

— Bnpo^eM'B, bh ne noAyMailie, — npojioji^aJi'B OHt, — si B'hjijy 

B-B apTHCTH TOJIBKO TaKl) nomeJTB, nOTOMy -^TO rOJIOCB HM'fejI'B, 

AyMajTB BHroAy nojiyHHTb h nojKHTb jierKoti mHSHbro. A ao- 
npe3Ki> Toro h na (|)a6pHK'fe cjiy^KHJi-B. H h peMecjia aHaro: Ma- 
Jiapnoe, TOKapnoe... BaKajielinyio ToproBJiio Aepacaji'L, 6y(|)eTHH- 
KOM'B cjiyiKHJi'B bij jiBopiiHCKOM'B KJiyCt H y ryOepnaTopa... EK- 
Bory, ^rro MH-fe XBacTaTbca? — npnOaBHJi'B owb ct> ropAocTbio, — n 
Bce 6y(|)eTHoe a'^^Jio npoH3omejn>! PeKOMenAaum hm^io... 

Mh cnpocHjiH KySapeBa, MomeTi^ jih xop-B HcnojiHHTb ^to- 
HiiCyAb H3i> cxapHXTb pyccKHX^b^ ntceH'b: „JIy^HHymKy", „He 
OijiH-TO CHtrn", wKaKi) Ha MaTyniKi na Hes-fe — ptat". 

— HiiKaK'B H^Tb-cb, — nporoBopHJi'b san'feBajio, — hsTj moah bh- 
lUJiH. To ecTb a TO cnoK), a xopi) He cyM'feeT'b... He pa3y^HBaeMi>. 

— Mo^Kei-b 6HTb, 3HaeTe pyccKie poMancH na cjiOBa D^Hra- 
HOBa: „^To TH pano TpaBymKa noj^ejirfejia?" „KpaCHH{} capa- 
cpaH'b", „Cmojikhh nTainKa-KanapeaKa?" 

— „KpacHHS capa^ani)" Mon^eM-b, — oTBtTHoTb KyOapeB-b, — Aa 

MbL BCe MOJKeM'b, H pOMaHCH, K H3'b Onepi), "^TO XOTHTe, TOJIbKO 

jlJia. HenoHHMaioniiHX'b... 

OhI) 3aCM'feaJICH. 

• — y Hacb Tenepb ntcHH hobhs, — npojioji^Kaji'b ohI), — HOH^e 
irfecHH coHHHflioTCH Bce GojibHie no ocTporaMi), a^ no BecejiHM'b 
BaBeAeniHM'b. OaOpn^HHX'b ntcee^b Majio noeMi): T8iUi> 6ojibme 
icyujieTqH co^iiHHioT'b paAH cM'fexa c-b npnn'feBiiiaMH ii pasHHMH 

TaKHMH-CaKHMH CJIOBe^KaMH. KpeCTbHHCKHX'b H'feceH'b HHEim- 

KHX-b To^Ke He noeMTb: KpecTb^HCKyK) nicHio 3aBcerj;a y3HaTb 

M0a«H0: B-b HHXTE> BCe jjUiB'feTHKH-IZB'feTO^KH", m „3eJieHHe Ca- 

AOHKH", ;ia „MHJioMy Apy^KO^Ky 30jioto KOjie^Ko"... E^KejiH yro- 
AHO, M0.1CH0 H3'b cTapiiHHHX'b whcewb „BaHbKy-KjIK)niHHKa", 
HJiH BOTTb T05Ke xopomaa: „Th bsoSah, cojiHi^e KpacHoe". 9to 
irhcEH. 6ypjiaij;Kaa; ecTb na AyxoBHHtl Manepi), a to mo^ho h 
ciy MymHi^KHMi) HantBOM'b. 

Mh 3aKa3ajiH eMy nepe^HCJienHHa HM'b nicHH. 

Bi> 3T0 BpeMH nocjiHmajicH 3B0H0K'b, npeACTaBJienie bo3o6- 
HOBHciiocb, H Ha ci^eni cTajiH noKasHBaTbcn pasjiHHHHe (|)Hry- 
paHTH. 

CflaH:ajia hbiijihcb ABoe KapjiHKOBi). Ohh hto-to saroBopnjiH, 
npontjiH, nponjiacajiH, cohijih co cAeHH h cTajiH ofixoAHTb ny(5- 
jiHKy H coCnpaTb na TapejiKy MiAHHe rpomn. 

CTapnecKiii jih^ihkh BTHx-b MajieHbKHX'b jiroAelt BH3HBajiH 
cocTpaAanie, h 6hjio Tiimejio AyMaTb, hto aTii HeyAaBiniecH ^e- 

JIOBi^KII MOrJIH CJiyJKHTb npeAMCTOMlj Jl,nsi 3p'fejIIIU],'b. 


156 PyCCKOB BOrATOTBO. 

. IIoTOM'B aBHJicH 6e3o6pa3Ho HarpHMHpoBaHHMft, Bi> napHK* 
HBt Mo^ajiH MymHHHa, HapameHHtift BiysKHKOMt: b'b JianTHxi^, 
OHy^axi), HaHKOBBcxi> niTanax'b h pyfiaxi. Srorh uymnKb no- 
HeMy-To npon'feji'b inaHCOHeTKy u cjioBa npHntBa npoH3HOCHJrb 
cji'feAyroiuiHM'b oOpaaoMi): „roBopaTb, roBopHTb, see HenpasAy 
roBopaTjb.*' B'B nyCjiHKi oh'b BHaBajii) CMixi), noTOMy ^ro kjt- 
njieiH dtijiH cKa6pe3HHe. SarfeMB noKaaajica HejioBtK'b, HH^'bMi> 
He noxo5Kill Ha espe^, ho Hapa^KenHHlt sRvm^owb h 5KejiaBmift 
nepeflpasHHTb eBpen. 

HaKOHei^'B, CHOBa coOpajica xopB. Ban-feBaJio h rapMOHHCT'B 
B3omjiH Ha cii;eHy. KyeapeB-B nijib saKaaaHHHH HaMH u'fecHH. 
OcoCeHHO yAaJica eny KpecTbancKifi mothb'b B'b n'fecH'fe: „Tbi 
B30itoH, coJiHiiie KpacHoe." B'b HaniB'fe ne cjiHmajiocb nocTO- 

pOHHHX'b BJliHHilt, OHI) SByHaJIB HIHpOKHM'b paaAOJIbBMB BOJIFH. 

Ho KyfiapeB'b n'feji'b cnoKOliHO, ne yBJiOKaacb, cjiobho aia n'fecaa 
Majio roBopHJia jaym'h ero h cjiobho btotb „npHBOJimcKiit" nt- 
Beixb jiaBHO-AaBHo He BH^aji'b hh HacTOHiii;aro cojiHi^a, hh Bojith. 
K-b TOMy ^e rojiocT> sari-feBajiti cjiHmajica OAHH'b: xop-b ne 
anajix MOTHBa. HBOJirHH'b co CBoefi rapMOHiefi no cjiyxy bto- 
pHJi'b KyCapeBy, a xopncTH jinnib nesHHTHO noAn'feBaJiH. Dnoma 
ci> 6aHKaMz rpHMacHH^aji'b, HaA'fesaji'b n3HCH3 h noAMHi^HBaji'b 
CO ciiieHu CBOHMB npiflTejiflM'b, KoiopHe, tjihah na Hero, xo- 

XOTaJIH. 

EyCcUHKa ne cjiyniajia n'feBJuoB'b. Benep'b npH6jiH«Kajicji s^h 
KOHny, H o6in,ee nacTpoenie cTanoBUJiocb Bce Coji-fee 6e3noKoa- 
HHM'b H OypHNMij. Bhjio 3a HOjiHOHb. JIioAH, npHmeAHiie uo- 
ysKHHaTb H BHUHTb ^aio, pasomjiHCb no AOMaM-b. OcTaBajiHCb 
MacTepoBHe h TpaKTHpnHe 3aBcerAaTaH, jiioah cyMpa^nare 
THna. HsB 3ajiH bhboamjih nbflHyio meHii],HHy, KOTopaa Kpn^ajia 
H 6paHHJiacb. 

Ha cii;eH'fe iiohbhjich 3aKJiK)HHTejibHHK HOMepi>. 

nepeA'b paMHOft ycfejica My^K^nna cb orpoMHOfi KyAtJiacToi^ 
rojioBQfit Ha TOJicTofi me-fe, inHpoKonjienia, c^h CHHa^belt MycKj- 
JiaTypoli. Ero osKnp'feBniee, o6pH)3rjioe jihh;o iiwbjio Biijiiy 6©"- 
jrfesHeHHHft. BijiHe apa^KH p'fe3K0 Buji'hjisijiviCh, rjia3a rjraji'fejiH 
HenoABH5KHO. On-b Aep^^aji'b nepeA'b coSoio 60tiibmyK) rapMoniio. 

^ejioB'feKa 3Toro BBeJia noAi> pyKy na cueny menn^HHa mo- 
jiOAaa, BHCOKaa, B'b npKo po30BOM'b njiaTK'fe. Eh jiHn;o, fi'fejioe 
ciy KpynHbiMH ^epxaMH, Morjio Ka3aTbCH KpacHBHM'b, ho nopa- 
majio xojiOAHHM'b, paBHOAyniHO-CKyHaK)ni;HM'b BHpa^KenieM'b. 

Ona TaK^Ke noMtcTHJiacb na cn;eH'fe noAJi'fe pannH, H'fecKOJibKt 
nooAajib; npHHHjia cnoKofinyio, HesaBHCHMyio nosy, noJiornHBt 
Hory Ha Hory, h, tjihah na nyCjiHKy xojiOAHHM'b, pHfeHMB Bsrjia- 
AOM'b, npHHHJiacb mejiKaTb noACOJinyxH. 

Jllpyraa, no^KHJian, 5KeHni;HHa B'b cipoM-b njiaTb'fe ci, Kpy- 
^eBHoM HaKOJiKOft Ha BOJiocaxx, CBOHM'b BHAOM'b noxo5Kaa Ha 


J 


COBPEMEHHHE H^BI^H. 157 

flawy, HrpaiomyK) TaHij;H Ha Be^epaxt, pacnojio^a^HJiacL iiepe;ii> 
He6ojibmHMi> ycTapijiaro c)f)acoHa poHJieMT>. 

IIpii BiTflife sTiLTh HcnojiHHTejieft, nyCjiHKa BosjiUKOBajia, no- 
cjiHinajiiiCb KpHKH ofloCpeni^. 

Mh ocraHOBHjiH iipoxo;^HBinaro mhmo cjiymHTejiH h cnpo- 

CHJIH, HTO BCe 3T0 BHa^HT'L. MajIHl! oC'bflCHHJI'b, ^TO My^^KHHHa 

ch rapMOHieii cJitnoU, ho Oojibho CoiiKo nrpaeT-L Ha HHCTpy- 
MCHTfe. FocTH ero oneHb oOomarorB, noBTOMy oti> xos^HHa eny 
saeTCH 6ojibmoe majioBanbe. Mojioflan 5KeHiu,HHa — 3to KaKi) 6h 
ero ^tena, a cxapyxa 3a poajibio, 9Ta npocTO laKt 066*6, niM- 
Ka-My3HKaHTKa. 

>KeHiii;HHa B^b posoBOM'b, r-nH^iBinaa co cuieHH, yBHAajia bt> 
nyOjiHK'fe BHaKOMaro h CTajia eny KHBaTb rojioBOli. 

CjrfenojS rapMOHHCTt TOT'iacB HacTopojkHJicii, noAHaji'b Kyfl- 
aacTyjo rojioBy, noT^Hyji-b B'b ce6a BosAyx-b, BcfeM^ jiimoMi> 
CBOHM-b BHpa^Kaa xpoBory h 3jio6y, h nsAaJi'b ryCaMu CHnJiHli 

SByKX. 

Tooth saxoxoxajiH. 

— PoBHyeT^! — 06'BacHHJi'b HaMi> cToaBinitt noA^i nacb no- 
oiOBofi H TOH^e sacMtajicii. 

B'b 9T0 BpoMa CTapan AaMa y^apsjia no pasGnxHM'B KJia- 
BHrnaMi), 

FapMOHHCT'b TflSKOJIO H KpyiO nOBepHyjICH K^b pO^Jiro BCfeMIy 
CBOHM-B MaCCHBHHM'L KOpnyCOM-b, CBBptnO SaMOTBJI'b TOJIOBOfi 

H pBanyji'b rapMoniio. 

IIocjiHniajiHCb 3ByKH p'fesKie, Kpn^amie. H TOT^acb rojiOBa 
MyBHKaHTa saAeprajiacb B'b xaKT^b My3HKH h cxajia Bpan],aTbCff 
Bi> KOHByjibCHBHOM'b ABHmeHiiT TO Ki> oflHOMy, TO Kiy ApyroMy 
Hjieny. 

IIcnojiH^jiH KaKoii-To „II,apHi^HHCKi(i Mapnix". Ho "^to aTO 
6HJia 3a nrpa! H HHKorfla ne cjiHXHBaji'b TaKoro nepBoObiTHO 
rpydaro, TaKoro HanpaaKeflHO-nepBHaro HcnojiHeniH. 

9th 3ByKH npHrajiH, CKaKajiH, MHajincb Apyri) 3a ApyroMx^ 
oxBaneHHHe 6'bnieHHM'b nopHBOAfb, HencTOBHe, osBtpijiHe. 
H JiHiiiO My3HKaHTa 6hjio ossiptjioe, a Bce TyjioBHme ero Aep- 
rajiocb B'B cyAoporax'b. 

3ByKH TO np0H3HTejn>H0 B3BH3rHBaJIH, TO peBijiH peBOMi); 

rapMOHiH ryA'fejia, xpHnijia n t^k'b h xo^njia xoAynoM-b MeacAy 
KpimcHMH HepBHHMH najibuiaMH cjiinoro. 

5KyTKo 6hjio BHA'feTb, KaK-b ABHrajiacb orpoMHan rojioBa 
MysHKaHTa, cjiobho saBeAeHHaff, otT) njie^a KTb njie^y, KaK^b 
MejibKajiH 6ojibniie OijiKH cjiinHX^ rjiasi). 

5KyTKo 6hjio CMOTpiTb Ha rpoMaAHoe, 6e3o6pa3Hoe n Oojiis- 
HCHHoe rfejio, Ha axoro y^Racnaro h JKajiKaro CHJiana, KOTopHft 
Ka3ajica AHKapeMi), ^ejioB-feKOMTb nepBoeHTHNMi), mRByuiRMiy 
JcaKofi-TO rjiyCoKO oahhokoK, TeMHoiJ h rpyCoft acH3Hbio. 


158 


pyOCKOB BOrATOTBO. 


5KeHiu;HHa b-l poaoBOM'B CHosa KOMy-TO cnoKoHHo KHsajia 
roJiOBofi H noAMHrHBaJia. 

FapMOHiH B3BH3rHBajia, peB'fejia. TyjioBiime MysHKanTa co- 
j^porajiocb... "^"""V^ 

A nyCjiHKa neHcxoBCTBOBaJia: MacTepoBHe noBCKaKajiH ct 

MiCT-B, BCKpHKHBaJIH, CBHCTaJIH, CTyHaJIH CTyjIbilMH. To ChJI'B 

HacTOHmitt paaryjiTj, anoeeos'B nbanaro Be^epa. 

Moit cnyTHmcB, He oHCHAaBiniit HH^ero noAoGnaro, nepBHo no- 
rnHMaJii* HJie^aMH h oiBopanHBajica orb ci^eHLi. 

— OxoTa BaM-B CMOxpiTb Ha TaKie yncacH, — ofipaTHJica oht> 
Ko MH*. — Ha TaKoe HCKyccTBO TpeCyioTca He mHBHe jiioah, a 
aBTOMaTH. Hy, Kb neny xyrb bth n-feBi^H, aa h Bcfe 3th ne- 
cnacTHHe H ^ajiKie apTHCTH? IIpaBO, BOSMyTHTeJibHo!.. 

Mh noAHfljiHCb H BHniJiH HSB sajiH. Ha yjiHi^'fe 6hjio tcmho, 
TOJibKO CBiTB HSB OKOHB saBeneHla na;^ajnb Ha MOCTOByia, Aa 

TA'fe-TO AaJieKO CB^THJIHCb (|)OHapH. C7> BoJirH AOHOCHJIHCb 

CBHCTKH napoxoAOBB. CjiHmajica niyMTb ho^hoU paOoTH na co- 
cfeAHSMB 3aB0A'fe. HonaAajiHCb TeMHNH (|)HrypH: OH'fe inaTajmcb, 
o6HHMajiHCb ApyrB cb ApyroM'B h naAaJiH na MocTOByio. Paa- 
AaBajiHCb cHnjiHe KpHKH, iiKaHHa ntcmi. 

Mh mjiH no ajihhhoK ysKoit yjini^t, ynooa bb jiyuih neBe- 
cejiHa BocnoMHHama. Hto-to rfecHHJiocb Bt rpyAH, He xoT'fe- 
Jiocb OecfeAOBaTb. 

Mh o6a MOJi^ajiH h MOJiMa iipocTHJiHCb ApyrB (Xh Apy- 

rOMB. 

iTeTpi KOMieOHMKOB-b. 


ir 


HeptmeHRBifl npodjieMLi diojiorm. 

PaaBHTie H HacjdkA^iBeHHOCTB. 


I. 

JIiofionHTHa cyfl,i>6a niKOTopHXi noHaTift, BOI^eJ^I^Hx•B bi jm- 
€TBeHHHfi o6hxo;i,'b MHCjiamnxi jiH);niefl h npiofipiiinHxi Heocnopn- 
MHfl npaBa rpaacfl;aHCTBa b-b nayKt. PasBHiie, Hacjitfl;cTBeHHocTL, 
aTaBHSMt, HBMtH^HBOCTL, 6opL6a 3a cymecTBOBanie, no^^Sopt — Bce 
aTO noHflTifl, ne tojibko xopomo snaKOMHa 6ojiLniHHCTBy, ho h Bt 
SHa^HTejibHofi CTeneHH safesKenHHa, h36hthji. Hmh nojibsyioTor, 

KaK^B rOTOBMMH ina6jI0HaMH MHCJIH, KOTopHe npHHHMaioTca Ha 

Btpy, 663^ KpHTHKH H pasMHHiJieHiff; HMH ni;efl;po ycHan^aioxt pi^L 

CBOE) H pOMaHHCTH, H KpHTHKH, H ny6jIHD;HCTH,' H $HJIOCO$BI, H 

npefl;cTaBHTejiH TO^naro 3HaHia; hm^ coopyacaioTi jih6o nbefl;ecTajiH, 
j[h6o KOCxpH — CMOTpa no BKycaMi h •CHMnaxiaMt cxpoHxejiefi, — Hxt 
TO conpoBoac;i;aH)T'B xBajiedHHMH rHMHaMH, xo npefl;aH)x% anaeeM^. 
Ho, Kt coacajiiHiK), xaKaa saBH^iHaa nonyjinpHOCiB o^ohb ne- 
qajiBHO oxpajKaexcH na BnyxpenHefi D;iHHocxH 3thx% nonaxifi: 
OHH 6^j[,E^J0T% co^epacaHieMi, o6e3^BiqHBaK)xcfl, npexBopaioxca bx 
3ByK'B nycxo8, ne roBopani;iH HH^ero hh yMy, hh cep^y MHCJia- 
maro ^eJEOBiKa. Boxx, no^eny hhoS pasx, He Mimaex-B no;i;BeprHyxB 
B03MoacHO cxporoMy h BcecxopoHHeMy anajiHsy H;i,eio, o6e3AiHeH- 
HyH) xofljH^eK) MOjiBofi; Box-B no^eaiy nopofi npnxofliHxcH eni;e h en;e 
pa3:B HanoMHHaxB o Beni.axi, euduMo bc^m-b xopomo HSBtcxHHX'B. 
B'hj^y roBopaxi ace, ^xo npocxoe h nonaxHoe OKaBHBaexca 3aga- 
eTjK) o^eHB cjioacHBiM'B H 3ara;i;o^HHMx,, h ne nanpacHO roBopaxB. 
3aTacKaHHHa h 3aMyqeHHHa fliO neysnaBaeMOCXH H;i;eH pasBHxia, 

HaCJI^ACXBeHHOCXH H HSMi^H^HBOCXH OXHOCaXCa m> aXOS HMeHHO Ka- 

TeropiH H;i;efi. 

Mnoro tojiobojiomhhx'b 3afl;a^'B npe^^JiaraexB ^ejioB^Ky 3kh3hb, 
3TOT^ H inocejii eni;e xaHHCXBeHHHfi c$hhkci, h b^ pafl;y axHXi 3a- 
^a^i aBJienla pa3BHxia h Hacji^^^cxBeHHOcxH BaHHMaioxi o^ho h3i 
caMMX'B no^xeHHHX'B M^cxi. 9x0 — aBJienia cyryfio-cjioacHHa h ;i,o- 
caji;HO-3ara;iioqHBia, ne CMOxpa na xt bh;i;hmo npocxtia h nonaxHBia 


160 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

(|)OpMH, B'B KOTOpblJI OHH 06j0KaH)TCff. Cl> HHMH xtCHO CBflSaHH 

MHoria Hart KanniajiBHtflfflHX'E npoejieMi 6iojioriH: npofijieMa npo- 
Hcxoac^^enia hlhshh Ha seMJit, npo6jieMa ^HJioreneTHqecKaro pasBH- 
Tia opraHHSMOBx, npofijieMa HSMin^HBOCTH h pacxo3Kfl;eHiff npHsna- 
KOBi, npo6jieMa reHeajioriH jehbuxi cyinjecTBi^ isrh poACTBeHB[HX'L 
BsaHMOOTHOineHift h, HaKOHeEt^B, itijiHfl pafl;i coi^iojiorH^ecKHXi npo- 
6jieMi, nocKOJiBKy oh* Haxo;i;aTca bx cbhbh ct BonpocoMi o pas- 

BHTIh H HaCJli^CTBeHHOCTH nCHXH^eCKHXl CBOfiCTBl. 

H Bi caMOMt ji^ijii, Vimwih fieanoBopoTHO bx tomi hjh HHOMt 

CMHCJlt BOnpOCt oSt HHfl.HBH^yajIBHOM'B paSBHTiH KHEHXl cyin.ecTB'L 

(ooreneai) — 3to ssaqHTt noBnaTB Ti BHyTpeHHia h BHtmnia npy- 

aCHHH, nO^Tb BJliaHieMl KOTOpHXi OfljHOKJltTHHfi sapofljHfflt, T. e. 

onjio;i;oTBopeHgaa aBi^eBaa KJiiTKa, npeBpamaeTca bo bbpocjihS op- 
raHHSMi o^pe;^i&:IeHHa^o BH;^a. A TaKoe SHanie, HastpHoe, no3BO- 
jiHTi» npHnoAHHTB XOTB Kpaft saB^CH, OTji,ijiflK)Ei;efi OTh nact Ti fl;a- 
jieKia nepcneKTHBM nponiJiaro, Korfl;a MepTBoe, HeopraHHsoBaHHoe 
cxajio nocxeneHHo cKJiaAHBaTtca b% ni^TO opraHHBOBaHHoe, ofl;apeH- 
Hoe 3KH3HBK). JI,ajiie, fliOKaaaBniH, nanp., ^to o;i;HOKJitTHHe 3apoji;HniH 
Bctxi BBfliOBt aHBOTHMxt H pacTenifl dmucmeumeAbHO EHHi^Mt no 
cymecTBy ne paBsaTca, h yseaBmH — no^eaiy axii cxouhhg sapo^BLran 
npeo6pa3yH)Tca bi ^iJIHfi[ paj^i ^opm BecBMa He cxo^hmx-l KaKt 
no cxpoeHiK), xaKi h no oxnpaBjreniaM'B cbohmi, Hayna o acnsHH 
Morjia 6h cm^jio roBopnxB o napajuiejiHSMi Me5K;i,y oorenesoMi h 
^HjioreHesoM'B; xyxi yacx cnasB Meac;i;y HHfl;HBH;i;yajiBHK[Mi pasBH- 
xieMi opraHHSMa (ooreneai) h ero po^ocjiOBHofi ($HJioreHe3:B) cxa- 
RBVh He xojiBKO ocxpoyMHofi ji;orafliKofi, ho h 6e3cnopHBiM'L nay^- 
HMM'B o6o6nj;eHieM%. Xo^© canoe npHxo;i;Hxca cKaBaxB o csasH 
Me:K;i;y paBBExieMi h Hacjit^cxBeHHOcxBH), ch o;i;Hofl cxopoHH, h 
HSM'feHqHBOcxLK) H pacxoscj^eHieMi npH3HaK0Bi, ch ji;pyroft. HyacHo 
npo^HO ycxanoBHXL ^aKXi B03;i;McxBia BHimnHX'B h BHyxpeHHHX'B 
ycjioBiS Ha $opMy h oxnpaBJieHia pa3BHBaH)ni.aroca 3apoji;Binia, 
HyacHO npoHHKHyxB B'B xaflHHKH xixi MOp^OJIOrH^eCKHX'B H $yHK- 

I^iOHajIBHHXl npOI^eCCOB'B, KOXOpHe 06yCJI0BJIHBaK)X'B BOBHHKHOBeme 

ofljHHXi npHSHaKOBi H HCHesHOBeHie jupyrHxi na pa3JiH^HHx:B cxy- 
neHaxx 9M6pioHajiBHaro pasBHxia, — h xorji;a npo6jieMa HSMin^H- 
BOcxH H pacxoffi:;i;eHia npHsnaKOBi 6yfl;exx noKOHXBca na npo^HHX'K 
Hay^HHXi ocHOBaniax'B. Bo3BMeM'B, HaKonei^'B, Bonpoci o pa3BHxiK 
ncHXHKH. Kor;i;a nayKa onpefl;4jiHX'B B'B xo^hocxh xoxi» MaxepiajB- 
hhS cyficxpaTB, KoxopHft HBjraexca HOcnxejieMi ncHxaqecKHXt. 

CBOflcXB'B B'B OJ^HOKJI^XHOM'B SapOfliMHI^, KOFflia OHa npH3HaeX!B B03- 

M02KH0CXB H3M^HaxB cBoflcxBa 8xoro cy6cxpaxa H He xojiBKO ycia- 
HOBExx CBasB Meacjuy pasBHiieM'B pasjiHqHBix'B qacxeft ero h paaBH- 

xieM'B paSJIH^HBIXX nCHXHqeCKHX'B CBOHCXBl, HO H npe^CXaSHXTb BTJ 

CBasB Bx $opMi^ HenpejioacnHX-B saKonoBi., xor^a ocHOBHHe bo- 
npocBi ncHXOJioriH cxanyx'B mhopo nonaxnte, ^■Im'b xenepB. Maao 
9xoro, BX nacx yKpi^nnxca xor^a rjiyfioKaa Bipa B'B ^iJIecoo5« 


HEP^niEHHHa nPOBJIEMH BIOJIOriH. 161 

pasHOCTB pasJiH^HMXt BOcnHTaTejTBHHxi M^pt H CTOJiB se rjiy6o- 
Koe He;i;oB'6pie ki yqeHiio o BceMorymecTBi ecTecTBeHHaro no;i;6opa, 
Henpeo6opHMoS cnjii ero Bt fliijit pasBHTia pasyisia, bojih h 
TiyBCTBa... 

EcjiH Bce 3T0 ;n;McTBHTe;iLHO TaKt, to CTanoBHTca BnojiHi no- 

HflTBaiMl TO HCKJTIO^HTeJIBHOe BHHMaHie, KOTOpOG Bcor^^a OKaSHBa- 

jioeL ABjieHiflMi pasBHTia n sacjii^j^cTBeHHOGTH n CBHsannHM'B cl 
HHMH npoi^eccaMi. 

Eme B% rjiy6oKofl ^peBHOCTH aBJienia 3th TpaKTOBajiHCB Ha paa- 
jiH^HHe Jia^H BH^aiomHMHCfl ynaMH Toro BpeMenn. *hjioco$h, na- 
TypajHCTH H Bpa^H pasjiHqHHX'b Bi^KOBi H KyjiBTypHHxi Hapoji;oB% 
BHecjiH CBOK) jrenTy b% oficyacnieHie STHxt saacHBixi npo6jieMi 6io- 
jroriH. BTopaa nojiOBHHa MHHyBinaro XIX CTOjifeia Bnecjia Bt co- 
KpOBmipHD;y SHania oco6eHHO i^iHHHe BKJia;i;H no BonpocaMt pas- 
sHTia H Hacjii;i;cTBeHHOCTH. I(ijiHJB pa^x CjiecTamnxi npeji;cTaBH- 
TOJieS Hay^Hofi n $hjiogo$ceo& mhcjih noGBaTHJit Bci gboh SHania 
H CHjiH Ha ptraeme sthx^ BonpocoBi, h bi naGji^fliie XX BtKy 
ji;ocTajiGa 6oraTHfi h Kpaflne pa3HOo6pa3HHS MaTepiajii ohbitobi 
H Ha6jiH)fl;eHifi, aMnnpH^ecKHxt o6o6ni;eHia, rHnoTeTH^ecKHX'L h to^- 
HHXt nocTpoeniS, ch kotophmh Heo6xo^HMO , c^HTaTLca BcaEOMy, 
KOMy jnoporH cy^tdH 6ioJioriH. npaBfl;a, h $aKTH, h rnnoTesH, h 
TeopiH 8TH npeji;cTaBjiaK)Ti ne o^HHaKOByK) Hay^Hyio i^^hhoctb; 
npaB;i;a, leopeTHKH aBjienifi pasBHTia h HacJIi;^CTBeHHOGTH fl;aK)Ti 
sa^acTyH) o;i;hhmi> h T-feMt ace $aKTaM% BecBMa pasjiH^Hoe ocBi- 
menie h C03;n;ai0T:B BsaHMHO ynpas^Haromia Apyr^ J^pyra rnnoTesH; 
iipaBfl;a, ^to hhoS: past TepaeniB rojiOBy, CTapaaGB pa3o6paTLca b% 

TOMt XaOCi^ npOTHBOpi^HBBIXTb HJi;efl H TOJTKOBaHifi, KOTOpHa nycKSr 

lOTca Bi xoji;^ ji;jra odiaGHesia ojUHHXt h Tixt ace Hay^HHXi ^an- 

HHXX, HO BCe 9T0 HHCKOJIBKO HO yMajiaeTt D;i&HHOGTH T-feXl HCTHHHO 

Hay^HHXx Ha6jiK)neHifi h o6o6iii;eHi2, KOTopwa OGTaBJieHH naMi bi 
HaGJiifliie XIX CTOJitTieM-B. H ^iMi 6ora^e ;i;aHHHa onuTa h Hafijiio- 
jl,eHia, ^iwh npoTHBop'feqHBte hoehtkh o6xacHHTB Hxt, T-feMt eGTe- 
CTBOHH^e H CHJiLHte ;i;ojiaKHO 6htl acejiaflie o6ie;n;HHHTB bch) 8Ty 
xaoTHqeGKyio rpy;i;y MaTepiajia b^ cTpofinoe n^Jioe h ocb^thtb ee 
o6in;eK) TeopeTH^ecKOio mhcjilio. A noTony, Bpajj.t-jiH cnpaBeji;jiHBO 
MHtnie, Hanp., npo$eccopa THMnpaseBa, 3aaBJiaK)ni;aro, ^to „rocnoji;- 
©TByromee GTpeMJieHie HiMeD;KHX'L yqeHHXt co3;i;aTB o6iii;yK) Teopiio 
HacjiiAGTBeHHOCTH eji,Ba-jiH yji;a^H0 h e^sa-jiH ;n;aace cooTB^TCTByeTt 
j?;McTBHTejiBHofi noTpe6HOCTH HayKH". 9to saaBjienie t^mi ooji^e 
GTpaHHO, ^TO MH C'L jiiaBHHX'L Hopt npHBHKJiH ;n;yMaTL, qTO ;n;jia 
HayKH ofiasaTejiBHM „o6ni;ia Teppin", ^to TaKOBwa HMenno h coot- 

BiTCTByiOTl „HGTHHHHMX nOTpe6HOCTaM'B" ea! li Ct KaKHXl 3T0 

nopx TBop^ecTBo CTajio hpothbhhm'b ^yxy nojiOKHTejiBHofl nayKH? 
To^Ho OHO He cocTaBJiaeT'L ^KHByio jiiyiny ea. Toqno Teopin, Bce- 
oxBaTLiBaiomia $HJioco$cKia o6o6ni;eHia, onnpaiomiaGa na ji;aHHBra 
TO^iHofl HayKH, He aBjiaioxGa tok) acejiaHHOK) nj-fejiLK), ki KOTopoS ne- 
K 4. OTAijTi. I. 11 


162 PyCOKOB BOrATCTBO. 

■ 

y;i;epacHMO pBeiCH Hay^naff mhc.il! CoBctMt j^pyroe fli^jio, Kor^a 
Ha nyTH 3thxx cipeMJieHifi mhcjib noKHfl;aeT'b TBep^nyio noqsy $aK- 
TOBt H Ha6jiK);i,eHifi: h ynocHXCH bi Mipi tojihx'b a6cTpaKD;ifi, 
npasAAHXt pa3MHffljieHifl h ^anxacMaropifi. Ho B-feflL j^jih no^oC- 
hhx:b cjiyqaeBX Kt ycjiyraMX paayiiia h HuiiioTca TaKia Ha;i;e:KHi>ra 
opyfliia, KaKt aHajinBt, KpHTHKa h cKencHCB, KOTopHe h CBojiiHTB 
c^eTH ct 6jiyji;HHMH maTamaMH mhcjih. YBaffiaeMwA npo^eccopi 
npaBX, pasyMieTCff, Bi cBoeMt npeKJEOHeniH npe;i;i „3^paBHMx 
anoificKHMt yMoait" — pi% H;i;eTi o JtapBHHi, — KOTopuft OTHecca 
OTpHii;aTejiBHo Kt „cireKyjiaTHBHHM'L nocTpoeniflMTb"; ho Bt to Ke 
BpeMK OHt THca^y pas-b nenpaBi bx tom^ cHHCXOHHTeJibHOMi npe- 

api^Hin, C^h KOTOpHMt OHI OTflOCHICa KO „MHOrHM'B H'feMen;KHMX Ha- 

TypajEHCTaMTb**. ToBopn, nanpHMipt, o naBfreneaHci JapBHHa, owh 
irpo;i;ojiacaeTx: „9th H3MHinjieHiji (t. e. rnnoTeaa naHrenesHCia) paa- 
;n;yjiH HCKpy, rjiyxo TJiiBmyK) bi ynaxi MHornxt HiMeii;KHA naxy- 
pajiHCTOBi, H Bi STOMt, KOHe^HO, o6HapyacHJica jiH)6onHTHHfi npn- 
Mi&pi axaBHSMa b^l yMCTBeHHofi c$epi. Jt-fexn h BHyKH JHO^efi, bochf- 
TaHHHXt Ha nieJiJiHHrax'L h OKenaxt, no^yiiJiH ^to-to po^CTseH- 
Hoe Bt aTHxx 6e3no^BeHHLixi yMoap'^niaxt, h boti KaKi hstb p-fe- 
mexa nocunajiHCB pa3JiHqHHa ^^njiacTHjiiyjiH" (FeKKejiB), jjH^iiionjiasMH*' 
(Herej[H), „3apo;itimeBHii njia3MH" (BeScMaHt) h np. h np., ji;jia Toro, 
qxo6Bi Tiepest j^BaroaxL jiixt BepnyxLca Kt „3a^axKaMi&" JtapBHHa, 
ho nofl;i 6oJiie meKO^yn^HMt cjiyxi nasBanieMX namewb*^ *). 

nycxB 3X0, roBopa h;i;obhxoh) pi^tio npo$eccopa THMHpH3eBa, 
nA^THL h BHyKH JiH);i;eH, BOCHHxaHHHXx Ha inejuinnraxt h OKenaxTb", 
nycxB MHorie h3'b hhx% yKJiOHHJiHCL b-l cxopony ;i;^8cxBHxejii»Ho 
6e3no'iBeHHHX'B yM03p^Hift, KaKi 9xo ;n;ajii>nie qnxaxejiL yBH;i;HTX h 
caMx; HO BcexaKH 3a hhmh ocxaexca rpoMa;i;Haa sacjiyra: ohh ne 
y6oHJiHCB xpy;i;HOcxH jieHan];efi nepejii'B hhmh 3a^a^H, ohh ne cjro- 

aCHJIH pyK-B CBOHXt Bl XpyCJIHBOMt CMHpeHiH npeji;^ „XafiH0K) 3KH3HH", 

He CKJioHHJiHCL pa6ojiinHO npe^t rojibiMi BMnnpHSMOMt h ne ot- 
KasajiHCL oxx. bo3mojkho mnpoKaro CHHxe3a aBJienifi, h6o 3xo, no 
HXt MH-feniK), caM03aK0HHifiniaH „noxpe6HOCTi> nayKH". OnrH6KH, 
yBJie^eniH h BCH^ecKiH nperpi^nieHiH b'b c^ep-fe mhcjih — yjU'feJi'L Bcifex'L 
BH;i;aioni,HXCH yMOBt: Henorp-feniHMa Kh axo8 o6jiacxH jihhib Hocpe;^- 
cxBeHHocxB, h6o efi h rp-femnxt-xo H'fex'B HHKaKux'L noBO^OBt. 
BtffL ;i;aace caMX JapBHH'B, KaKt axo ct rpycxtio m> cepw^ EoncTa- 
xHpyexi Hamt yqeHHg, corpi&niHJii cbohmx. naHrenesHCOMi. Bhji;ho 
BonpocH Bce xaKie npoKJiHXHe, qxo BOJiet neBOJiefl corp-femnniB Aep3- 
HOBeHHofl HOHHXKofl HpoHHKHyxB xyina, Kyj^a, no KO^eKcy bc^xx 
5jaropa3yMHHX'B, Bxo^x. dojiotcem dumb past HaBcerji;a BOcnpen^eHt. 
Ho He BejiHKa, o^naKO, qecxB oniH6axi>CH, xoxh 6h h oinH6KaMHBH- 
AalontHxcH yMOBi. Y „^xea n BnyKOBt" h t. a- HMtexcH eme spy- 


*) K. TuMupji3eez. H-feKOTopriiH ochobhhji sa^^ann coBpeMCHHaro ecTecTBo- 
HamH. 


HEP-BfflEHHBWI nPOBJIEMLI BIOJIOriH. 163 

ran, 66jii>niaa aacjiyra nepe^t jihi^omi nayKH. By^y^H npe;j;cTaBH- 
T?ejraMH To^naro SHaniii, a He MeTa$H3HKaMH par excellence, ohh, 
Kone^HO, xopofflo noHHMajiH pojit onHTa h Ha6jiK);i;eHi» bo BcaKaro 
po;i;a rHnoTeTH^ecKHX'b nocTpoeHiaxt. H boti, wro6u npH;n;aTL cHJiy 

H B^CI* CBOHM-L „H3MHniJieHiaMX", OHH He TOJILKO Cft^JiaJTH fljOCTO- 

^oji:kejjo pacn;*HKy h nepeoni^HKy Toro $aKTH^ecKaro Maxepiajia, 
KOTopHH HMijTCH B^ HayK^^ HO HHTepecyion^eMy hxi Bonpocy, ho h 
caMH npoH3BejiH MHoatecTBO OHHTOBi H Ha6jiH);i;eHifi. 3a6^3KaBmaH 
ji,ajieKO Bnepeini rHHOTesa cjiyatHjia CB^TO^eMi npn nxt pa6oTi: ona 
hx:b B;i;oxHOBJiajia, ona H3oni;pffjia bt, hhxi na Bci^ jib^u cnoco6- 
HOCTB Ki 9KcnepHMeHTaM% H Ha6jrK);i;eHiaMTE>, ona OKpujuura Hxt 
aHajiHTH^ecKiff cnoco6HOCTH npn ODii^HK-fe qyacHxt OHHTOBt h Ha6jiH)- 
^nenifi. H KaKt MHoro HOBaro Bnecjia Bt nayKy 9Ta njioffOTBopHaii 
pa6oTa, HOBaro h bx cmhcji* nayqHofi toxbheh, h bt, CMHCJit ne- 
nocpe;i;cTBeHHBixi j^aHHHXt, h bi* CMticjit xo^HHXt o6o6ni;eHifl. 3a 
Bce 9T0 XBajia „^iTaMi h BHyKaM-B jno]i,e% BOCHHraHHHX'B na nieji- 
jTHHTaxi H OKenaxi"... 

HoHLiTKa HiKOTopHXi HaTypajTHCTOBt ocfifoHTB o6ni;efi TeopieS 
flBJiemff pasBHTia h Hacji^CTBOHHOCTH t'£mi 6oji^e HHTepecna, hto 
^jiH rpoMafliHaro 6ojiBniKHCTBa coBpeMCHHHX'B y^eHHXi h nacji^^i;- 
CTBOHHOCTB H pasBHTie — Bco eme 3ara;i;Ka 3a comlio ne^iaTaMH. il ro- 
BopK), pasyM-feeTCH, ne o BHtmHHX'B nponjeccaxt, xapaKTepH3HpyK)in,Hxi 
9TH aBJieHiff npnpofliBi, a ofit hxx cymnocTH. „H3yqeHie chjii, — roBO- 
pHTi OcKapi TepTBHri, — kotophmh npHpo;i;a npHBOOTTt bx ;ii;^flcTBie 
iipoii;ecc:B opraHH^ecKaro pasBHTia, no^JiBHraexcH Bnepe^x MeffJien- 
HHMH maraMH; h eme ji;ojiro oho 6y:n;eTx cocTaBjiaTB ofl;Hy hsx Baa:- 
HMrnHxi sajna^'B diojtornqecKHX'B nayKi." *). ^KaKin npeji;cTaBJieHiii — 
cnpamHBaeTX TepTBHr-B b% jupyroMi Mi^cxi, — MoaceMi mh cocxaBHXB 
<5e6t Bi> Hacxoani;ee BpeMji o xixx HespHMBrxx, cBotcxBaxi kji^xoki, 
^jraro^apH KOxoptiMx oni cxanoBflxcH saqaxKaaiH cjioasnaro oprannsMa? 
Bt KaKOMX BsaHMHOMX, oxHomeHiH Haxoji;axca sa^iaxoKx h pa3BHXoe 
cocxoafii^"? H xyxt ace oxB^^aexi: „Pa3p'6nieHie bxexx BonpocoB'B 
npHHa^JieacHXTb wh micjj caMMXi xpyiniBLixi npodjioMi yqenia o 
acH3HH" **). Eni;e ap^e h onpej^-fejreHHi&e BBipaaceHa mbtcjib 9xa bx cjii- 
ji;yioni;Hxi cjiOBaxx, xoro-ace TepxEEra: „BcflKiH, kxo BjiiyMaexcii 
TJiy6ace bx npo6jieMy pa3BHxiji, jnojiatenx 6yffext npHsnaxB, ^ixo mh 
^BTJiH 3aHaxBi, xaKX cKasaxB, jthhib BHimHefi cxopoHofi ea. Kor^a-ace 
BHHKHeniB rjiydace bi canyio cypHOcxL npouecca pasBHxia, bx o6- 
pa3yK)ni;ifl[ ero npH^HHH n chjih, xo oiiyxEmBCii nepej^'B i^'fejiBiM'B Jii- 
ooMi sara^JiOKi)" ***). TaKOBO ^HCXOcep^eqHoe npnsHaHie 300jrora no 
Bonpocy 061 opraHH^ecKOMTb pasBHxin. IIocMOxpHMx xenepL, ^xo ro- 


*) OcK. Tepmeu^^. CoBpeMenHMe cnopHue BonpocH diojiorin. Bho. I. Bnn- 
renes'b hjih npe(j)opMauifl. 

**) Om-OKe. Kjii^TKa h TKaHH. 
***) Om-otce. Aeltere und nenere Entwickelnngs-Theorieen. 

11* 


16*4 PyOCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

BopHTfc no TOMy ace caMOMy noBOfl;y 6oTaHHKt BHsnepi, ^ejiOBiKx^ 
nojiBsyiomiflca penyxai^iefl Bw^aiomaroca y^eHaro. OTiiiTHBinH rpo- 
Ma^Hyio BaacHOCTB TaKoro Bonpoca, KaKt sonpocE o npoHcxoay^eHm 
pa3HOo6pa3Haro Mipa acHBuxTb cymecTBi hbi npocTiflmnxi opraHHs- 
MOBi, BHBHept npo;i,ojiacaeTi: „OAHaKO, ne^ero jjifiBJismhcn Tony, 
^To axa BeJiHEaji npo6JieMa ocTaexcJi em^e He paspi^ineHHofi, xaKs 
KaKi 6oji^e npocxajT, ho po;i;cxBeHHaH e& npo6jieHa pasBHxia cxojib 
pasHopoAHLixi 3JieMeHxapHiJX% opranoBX. pacxeHifl ejih SHBOxnara 
HBi sa^axKa ^jiji Haci xaKme eme BHOJini nenoHaxHa" *). Ho bo* 
npocy Hacjii;i;cxBeHHOcxH xoxx,-Hce BHSHepi BHCKaauBaexca He Me- 
Hie piniHxejiBHo: „KaK:B nsBicxHO, — roBopnxi ohx,, — yqenie o nacjiifl;- 
cxBeHHofi nepeji;aiii& npHSHaKOBi oxHOOHxca k% nanSojiie xpy;i;HHM!E 
ox^^^jiaMX, HayKH o6'l opraHHsoBaHHOfl npHpo^i;*; h ;i;o chxi nopx, ne 
HaHo eme y;i;oBjiexBopHX'ejiLHaro pimeHia 9xofi BejiHKOfl aara^^KH 
acH3flH, He cMOxpa Ha xo, ^xo xanie Jijojiji, KaK-L P. Cnencepi^, 
^. Jl,apBHHX>, FeEKejiB, Be&ciiaH'E h Herejia nojioacHjiH na 3x0 bch>' 
cHJiy CBoero BejiHKaro yMa" **). Hixx» HHKaKoS Heo6xo^HMOcxH 06- 
peMenaxB cxaxBio ;i,ajiBHifinmMH Bu^nepsKaME h3% Apyraxi asxo- 
poBX. Jocxaxo^HO CKaaaxB, ^xo Bci Bfl;yM^HBHe naxypajiHCXLi naniero 
BpeMeHH cMOxpaxi na npo6jieMy pa3BHxia h nacjit^cxBeHHocxH xaKaace^ 
KaKi repxBHri h BHSHepx,. Oxcio^a h o6HJiie pa3Hopo;j;HHX'B xoji- 
KOBanift 9xofl npo6jieMLi. 

Pa3o6paxBca xoxb ckojibko HH6yfl;B b-b xofi rpy^t ^aKXH^ecKaro 
Maxepiajia no Bonpocy aBJieniaxx, pasBHxia h Hacjiiji;cxBeHHOCiH, ko- 
xopBiB HaKOHHJica 3a nocjii^Hee BpeMa bi nayKi acH3HH, ;i;axB no- 
cHjiBHyro oii,iHKy xiMi xojTKaMX, H JiacexojiKOBaHiaM'B — oco6eHHO Jiace* 
xojiKOBaHiaMi, — Koxopne HepaspHBHO CBa3aHH cb fl;aHHB[MH H0606- 
THieHiaMH b-b axofi o6jiacxH 6iojioriH, a HaKOHe^'B, BCKptixB Qo;i;ep3Ka- 
Hie rocno;i;cxByioin;HX'B bi 3xofl nayKi^ nonaxifi cyn^HOCXH pa3BHxia, 
HacJit^cxBeHHOcxH H H3MiHgHB0cxH— Boxi Ji^^jLh xix*^ cxaxeS, KOXO- 
pHa a HM-feK) B'B BRjij npeji;jioacHXB BHEManiio ^HxaxeJiefi. 3a;i;a^a xpyff- 
Haa H — Ha;i;o cKasaxB npaBji;y — He6jiaro^apHaa ^jia aBxopa» ho Ay* 
Maexca, ne 6e3XHHxepecHaa jUJia ^Hxaxejia, cjiiAani;aro 3a cy^BdaifH 
xeopexH^ecKOH mhcjih B'B coBpeMenHofi fiiojiorin. npaSaBjiK) eni,e 
Boxi qxo. Bb Hacxoani,efl pa6oxi pt^B 6yfl;exx» h^xh rjaBaHMi 06-. 
pasoMTb o6t> HHfl;HBH;i;yajiBflOMi pasBHxia opraHHSMOBi h Hacjii;^-^ 

CXBeHHOCXH MOp^OJIOrH^eCKHXTb H $yHKI^iOHaJIBHHX'B npH3HaK0B:E. 

9xH ^Ba aBjieaia naxo^axca bx xaKoi nepaspHBHofi CBa3H, xaK'E. 
TtcHO nepenjiexaioxca h xaKX, nesaM^XHO nepexo;i;axi o^ho bi ;i;py- 
roe, w£0 pascMaxpHBaxB hx'b nesaBHCHMO ^pyr-B ovb spyra piniH- 

XeJIBHO HeB03M0JKH0.,. 

BpocHM'B JKB pexpocneKXHBHHfi B8rjia7i,'B Ha HCXopiK) HHxepecyio- 


*) Buduepi. Biojioriii pacTenift. 
**) Onz'jfce. Die Elementarstruktnr nnd das Wachsthum der lebenden Sub-^ 
£taiiz. 


HEP'BfflEHHHH DPOBJIEMH BIOJIOriH". 165 

maro Hact Bonpoca h nocMOTpHMt npenjiie Bcero, KaKi npe^cTaBJiajiH 
t5e6i Hacjii^cTBeHHOCTB H pasBHxie BHj^aiomieca jjau ;i;peBH0CTH: 
^To noMomeT'B naMi pa3o6paTBca bx npoTHBopi^HBwxi Bsrjuifliax'B 
HHHifflHaro BpemeHH. 

B% KanHTajTBHOMt Tpy^t HSBicTHaro ^pani^yacKaro soojiora 
-Jejiana „La structure du protoplasma et les theories sur FHer6dite 
-et les grands probl6mes de la Biologie generale" npHBefljeni cjvh" 
-;^yH)^^a oxpLiBOK'B H3i CBflmeHHOH KHHrH HH;i;ycoB'B Manava-Dharma- 
Sastra: „CiMa HCTeKaeT'B hsi rjiaBKHxt, hjdlh, no MHiHiio h^koto- 
pHxi, H31& Bcixi iiacTefi Tijia; oho coji;epffl;HT'B bi BOBiioacHOCTH bc* 
OBoficTBa, nepejijaBaeMHa opranaMi: ecjin b-l KaKo8-jiH6o nacTii 
opraHHBMa npoH3Bo;i;HTejieJB HMiioTca nejiio^eTH, to ohh ji;ojiacH£r ne- 
o6xofliHMO nepeflTH na cimsi, a OTt nero nepe;i;a;tyTCff njio^y, h6o 
njioflix npoHcxoAHrt vls'b ciMenH". Tpy;i;H0 npe;i;cTaBHTB cefi-fe ^to- 
jih6o JiiofionHTHie sthxi CTpo^ieKX nsi cBffni;eHHofi KHHrn HH^ycoBi, 
cTpo^eKt CTOJIB HaHBHBix'B Ha HamfB npocBi&ni;eHHH3 Bsvjissji,'h] a 
Meacj^y xiMt, b% nnxx — uiijioe Mipoco3epii;aHie, BJiacino i^apHBniee 
Ha^i ynaMH BH;i;aH)ni;HxcH HaxypajiHCTOB'B h spa^eft ct;i;ofl CTapHHH, 
€pe;i;HHX'B h fl;aace hobhxi. B-feKOBx; ne roBopio yac'B o TOMt, qxo 
isRoi jiiofiHTejiB napajioKcajiBHLix'B cdjiHacenifl He npo^B* dyjiiexi 
ycMOip^TB B-B DTOM-B OTpHBK^^ npoTOTHH'B fl;apBHHOBCKaro naHPeHesHca 
H cpoj^HHXt CB naHrenesHCOMi y^enift. 

Hemy ace y^HTx, bi caMOMB ^tjii, „cBani,eflHaji KHHra"? KaK'B 
pifflaeTi OHa npo6jieMH pasMHoacenia, pasBHiia h Hacji^;a;cTBeHH0CTH? 
''IpesBHqafiHo npocxo no $opMi h, KaKi yBHjiHxe ji;ajiBme, ne co- 
BciMTb 6e3C0fl;epacaTejiBH0 no mhcjih. BcaKoe hoboo cyni;ecxBo, — ro- 
BopHxx OHa, — o6pa3yexca h3'b ciMenn — o cnepMaxo30Hfl;ax% xor;i;a, 
<;aM0 C060K) pa3yMtexca, ne Morjio 6bixb h p^&qn. Cxajio 6hxb, MaxB 
CO CBoefi cxopoHH HHqero pimnxejiBHo ne npHHOcnxx, fljjia o6pa30- 
Bania Hosaro cyni;ecxBa: qpoBO ea cjiyacHXi jihuib m'^cxom'b, npe^;- 
HaBHaTOHHUMi ;i;jia npHHaxia ciMeHH h pasBHxia hsi nero HOBaro 
opraflH3Ma. CiMa,— roBopnxca bx, axofl KHHri^ ^ajiBme, — HCxeKaex'B 
HBi Bc^xi ^acxefi xijia. OxcH);i;a yacx, ^^Jiaexca npaMofl BHBOfl;^, 
'qxo Bx neaix wji^ho 6htb 3ajioaceHo in potentia Bce, Heo6xo^HMoe 
^jia pa3BHxia B3pocJio3 $opMH h, xaKHM-B o6pa30MX,, npofijieMa pa3- 
BHxia xepaexi b^ rjiasaxi npocB'in^eHHaro HH^yca CBofi xaHHCXBen- 
hhS cmbicjib. Ho pa3x> bc^ ^acxH B3pocjiaro oprannsMa npEHnMaroxx 
yqacxie bi oSpasoBanin ctMeHH, to h npo6jieMa Hacji^ji;cTBeHHOCTH 
nepecTaeTi 6£itb 3ara;i;ogHofi: Bce xapaKTepnoe ^Jia Kaac;i;aro oprana 
Tfijia, BUjiOTB fl;o He;a;oHeTOB'B ero, exo^ihtx, KaKi cocTaBHaa ^acTB, 
b:e ci&Ma, a OTi ciMenn yatx, nepe;n;aeTca B03HHKaH)ni;eMy 231 nero 
HOBOMy cymecTBy. 8to-jih ne pi^menie oji;hoS hsi BejiHqaflmnx'B 
3ara;i;oE'B Mipos^aHia! 

TaKoe ace MH-fenie rocnofl;cTBOBajio cpeji;H ^hjioco^ob'b h Bpa^et 

Tpei^iH H PHMa; O^naKO, 60JIBniHHCTB0 H3'B HHX^ OTBO^JIO HtKOTO- 

pyio aKTHBHyio pojiB H MaTepH bi ffi&Jii o6pa30BaHia njiofl;a, xoTa 


166 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

pojiB 3Ta noHHMajiacL pasjiH^HO. OfipaTHBfflH BHHMaHie, HanpHMi&pib^ 
Ha TO, ^To MeHCTpyai^iH bo Bpeiia depesieHHOcxH npeKpamaKxrca, 
o^HH H3t y^esLtxi Toro BpeMOHH pimHJiH, ^To MeHCTpyanJoHHaa 
KpOBB B-B nepioflix 6epeMeHH0CTH Hj^erB na nHTanie ^JIo;^a; no atni- 
hIk) 5Ke fl;pyrHx%, ona cjiyacHTt MaTepiajioMi jOisi o6pa30BaHia rpy- 
6hLx.i> ^acTefl pasBHBaiomaroca njio^a, Meac;i;y TtMt, KaKi. HaH6ojiie 
H^acHHff H, TaKX CKaaaTB, ;n;ejiHKaTHHH ^acTH ero co3;i;aK)TCff H3t 

C^MeHHOfl 2KHfl,K0CTH. IlHearOp'B, BMne^JjOKJIB H ApHCTOTeJIB — BOT'B 

apKie npej[i;cTaBHTejiH nocjii;a;HHro B3rjiaji;a. Ho ApncTOTejiK), nanpH- 
Mtpi, xijio 3apo;niHma B03HHKaeTi» hsb MaTepHHCKofi KpoBH, aayma 

H CTHMyJIB KB I^BHaceHiH) IHaiOTCfl CiMeHHOK) 3KHfl,K0CTBH). KpOBB Ma- 

TepH, — roBopHJiB OHB, — 3T0 — MpaMopx, OT-« — CTaTyff, a ciMfl — Be- 
jiHKift CKyjiBHTopB, Bfl;oxHyBinifl hchshb h symy bi xojiofl;HHfi Mpa- 
MopB. HecpaBHeHHO 6bjihmjJ0 Hay^nyio D.iHH0CTB, — ji^jisi Toro Bpe- 
MeHH, Kone^HO, — npe^jCTaBJiiiJio y^eme rnnnoKpaTa h o;i;Horo hstk 
no3;i;HMinHXB nocji4fl;OBaTejiefi ero, rajiena. Ho mhcjih rnnnoKpaTa, 
BCflKifi ^J^0J^B o6fl3aHB cbohmi npoHcxoac^enieMX ^ByMB oco6eHHBm'B 
acH;a;K0CTffMB, nrpaiom^Mi ofljHHaKOBO BajKnyio pojiB npa odpasoBaniH 
HOBaro acHBoro cymecTBa. 0;i;Ha H3'b hexx, MyascKoe c^mh, fl;ocTaB- 
jiaeTca oti];omb, fl;pyraa, aceHCKoe ciMa, BHpa6aTHBaeTca b% opra- 
HH3Mt Maxepn. Ilpn npoii;ecct onjio;i;oTBopeHia o6fi acHfl;KOCTH cm*- 
niHBaiOTca h j^aioTi na^ajio HOBOMy cymecxBy, Koxopoe 6y^eTi no- 
xo;i;htb jih6o na MaxB, jihOo na 0Tn;a, cMoipa no xoMy, kto h3b ehxi 
;fl;ocxaBHTB dojiBme cxpoHxejiBHaro Maxepiajia. Tyx^ yacB, KaK'B bh- 
fl;HTe, npofijiejia Hacjiifl;cxBeHHOCTH cxaBHTca mnpe, h6o npHHHMaiOTca 
BO BHHManie o6a npoH3Bo;a;HTejia, ;n;a npn tomb na My^KCKoe n acen* 
cKoe ciMa yKa3LiBaeTca npaMO, KaKB na MaTepiajiBHtiS cy6cTpaT'B 
flacjii;i;cTBeHHHXi cboSctbb. JIio6onHTHO, Meac;i;y npo^HMi, h to> 
KaKi „;i;o6poe CTapoe BpeMa" pi^majo Bonpoc^ o npoHcxoacj^emn 
]i^TeS paBJiH^naro nojia, BonpocB, KOTopHft n no cie BpeMa ocTaexca 
OTKpHTHMB. Jtjia $HJioco$a AnaKcaropa, nanpHMipi, p^menie 9to§ 
3a^a^H cbo;i;hjiocb ki. cji'fe;n;yK)ni;eMy: ctMa, H;iiyni.ee h3^ npaBoS cA- 
Mennofi acejiisH, ;i;aBajio MajiB^HKOB'B, a h3b ji-feBofl — ;a;6B0^eKB. CaMO 
C060K) pasyMieTca, ito yB^penHOCTB bb cnpaBefl;jiHBOCTH no;i;o6HBix'B 
TOJiKOBanifi nopoK^ajia cooTB^TCTByioni;yK) npaKTHKy. 

dTOTh jn-feTCKifi ' aenoTB, snojini^ 3aK0HHK[fi na 3ap^ nay^nofi 
MHCJIH, OKasaaca t^mb ?e Menie nacTOJiBKo cnaBHHMB, ^to i^tjiBi« 
BiKa nponepacaaca bb nayKt. rHnoTe3H $Haoco$OBB h naTypajiH- 
CTOBX 17-ro H 18-ro b^kobb no Bonpocy cyntnocTH pasBHTia h 
Hacai^:n;cTBenHOCTH, KaKB HeaBsa ayqnie, noiHiTBepacnaiOTB 3to. B-b 
Hacaiji;cTBO XIX Btay ;i;ocTaaHCB ;i;Ba ji;iaMeTpaaBHO npoTHBonoaoac- 
HBixB yqenifl pasBHTin: Teopia 3BoaK)ii;iH nan npedodpasoeaniji h 
Teopia 3nHreHe3Hca nan noeoodpasoeauiE. HacaiincTBO 6Biao ^pesaTO 
6yji;ymHMB h OKasaaocB nacToaBKO acHBy^HMB, ^to MHHyBniifl XIX Bi&K'B 
He cyMi&aB, ne CMOTpa na set cboh cTapania, pa3o6paTBca bb neMX 
;i;ocKOflaaBHO h bb cbok) o^epe;i;B nepeinaa'B ero HHHtoneMy XX cto- 


HEPSinEHHHa upobjemh BioJioriH. 167 

i^Tiio Bx Ha^eac^^t, ^to no KpafiHefl Mip^ ohi ^pH;^eTt kl KaKomy- 
HH6yAB onpeji;i&JieHHOMy BLiBo;i;y oTHOCHTejiLHO i^iHHOCTH 9Toro na- 
cji-feiUCTBa H jih6o OTBeprHeTt ero, KaKt nopoac;i;eHie 3$eMepHaro 
3HaHiff, jih6o OTBejuext eky noqeTHoe m^^cto cpeji;H saBoeBamfi nay^- 
HoS ^HCJiH. npaB^a, Bt nepBofl nojiOBHHi npomjiaro CTOJiiTia 6ujn> 
n.'fejiH8 nepio;!;^, Kor;i;a qacxB SToro Hacji^;i;cTBa, a hm^hho leopm 
npeAo6pa30BaHia:, OKasajiact HacTOJiLKO ;i;HCKpe^HTHpoBaHHofi Bi rjia- 
3axt yqenHx-B, ^to ee pimnjiH 6hjio oKOH^aTejiLHO cfl;aTB Bt apxHBi, 
KaKi Hi^TO npoTHBop^gam.ee nenocpe^i.cTBeHHHM'B Hafijno^eniaMi h 
BaAopHoe no cyni;ecTBy; no 3T0 6hjio, KaKt OKaaajioct hotomt*, Bcero 
jimnt KpHSHCOMt: npe;i;aHHHH anaeeiii^ h coauKeniK) ^enHKCi bhobb 
B03poji;HJica Hst co6cTBeHHaro nenjia. 

KaKoe-acL 3to 6hjio Hacjiiji;cTBO? Ha^neMt ct Teopin npe|^o6pa- 
soBaniff hjih, KaKt nasHBajiH ee xor^a, 3BOJiioi;iH. nocjiiji;Haro na- 
BBania a, MeaKfl;y npo^HM-L, ne CTany BOBce ynoxpedjiflTL s^i^CB, h6o 
He aceJiaK) bhochtb CMyxH b:& o6HqHHJi npe;i;cTaBjieHiji ^HTaxejiefi. 
J-fejio Bi TOMt, ^To ji^Jia TeopeTHKOBi ecTecTBOSHama X'VII n 
XVIII B^Ka CO cjiOBOMi 3BOJiiOAia cBHSBiBajEOCB npoffCTaBJieHie o 
^po^ecc'fe coBepnieHHO npoTHBonojioacHOM'B xoMy, Koxoptit mh cba- 
sfciBaeM'E xenepB ci> 3xhmx HMeneMi. — ^x6 xaKoe MaJienBEifi, hobh- 
;HHMHfi ^Jia HCBoopyaceHHaro rjiasa 3apo;i;Hni'B acHBoro cyn^ecxBa? — 
cnpaniHBajiH ce6a BejiHKie yMw XYII h XYIII B-fcRa, IIIapjiB Bonne, 
TajiJiept, JleBenryKt, MajTBnnrn, CnaMMep^^aMi, CnajiJiann.aHH. B% 
^eM% cymnocxB xtxx, npoi^eccoBi, no^x* BJiianieMt KOxopHxi, MHKpo- 
cKonn^ecKie 3apoji;HniH hjih saqaxKH 6a6ogKH, ph6h, JiaryniKH, Ky- 
pHii,H, cofiaKH H qejiOB'feKa npenpantaioxcfl bo B3pocjrHa $opMH?.'H 
oxBixx, Shji'b xaKOBx. Sapo^^Huit BCflKaro opranH3Ma ecxB Mnnia- 
iropnaa Konia Bspocjiaro cymecxBa; b-b sa^axKi^ scaKaro acHBOxnaro 
HMiioxca na roxoB'6 Bcfe opranH n annapaxH B3pocaot $opMH; Bci 
3XH opraHH H annapaxH naxo;i,axca bx* ^peMjiK)ni;eMX cocxoanin; ny- 
acenx> jinniB HMnyjiBcx>, ^xo6h onn npo6yji,HjiHCB kx» acnann, n xaKofi 
HBinyjiBCt ji,aexca npon;eccoMx> onjio;i,oxBopenia. 9x0X1 HMnyjiBcx» 
BM3HBaexx» Ki» fl;'feaxejiBnocxH cKpwxBie opranH 3apoji;Hnia; 3apo;n;Hnix> 
na^nnaexx, nnxaxBca, pacxn nac^ext ycBanBaeMofl hm-b nHni;H n, b^ 
K0Hii.t EOHn;oBi,, H3'B neBHj^HMaro, MHKpocKonn^ecKaro, cxanoBHxca 
bh;i;hmbtmx, dojiBmnM^. HxaKX, pasBHxie ecxB, b-b cymnocxn, Bcero 
jinniB pocxx. Hnqxo bo BpeMa xaKoro pocxa ne nsMinaexca bx 3a- 
po^^Bifflt, KpoMt od'BeMa H MaccH ero, nn^xo ^i> neMX> ne o6pa- 
3yexca bbobb, ne npenpamaexca, ne C03fl,aexca: nee, bhjioxb jd;o 
MejiBqaflmnxx* mxpnxoBx bx opranH3an;iH nspocjiaro cyni;ecxBa, yace 
HMtexca b:b MHKpocKonn^ecKOM'B 3apofliHni'fe nanepejOix, Bce npedo- 
opaaoeauo cb caMaro na^ajia. OxcK);i;a n nasBanie 3xoro y^enia — 
meopin npedoSpadoeautH nan ^ipe^opMai^in. „Es giebt keine Wer- 
den, — roBopnx'B 3naMenHXHa FajiaepB, — kein Theil im Tierkorper 
ist vor dem andern gemacht worden, und alle sind zu gleich 


168 ' PyCCKOE BOrATCtBO. 

erschaffen" *). „T. e. hh^to .He coajiaeTCfl bhobb, hh oj^na ^s'h 
qacTeft iKHBOTHaro T*jia He oSpasyeTca npeacflje ji;pyro8, Bci cotbo- 

peHH OfliHOBpeMeHHO". 

Ho, cnpaniHBaeTCH, komj npHHaffjieacHrt ^ecTB 6htl MHHiaTiop- 
HOK) MOfl;ejii>K) Bspocjiaro cyni;ecTBa, — cnepMaioaoH^y hjih ajieMenTap- 
HOMy «fin;y? IIoKa o cnepMaTOSOH^axt ne 6hjio HH»iero H3BicTH0, 
TaKOH) MOfliejiBK) c^HTajiocB afii];o; Korji;a ace, b^ 1677 r., JleBeHryKX 
CB noMoniiBK) MHKpocKona OTKpHJj'L Bt ctMeHHofi ^h;i;kocth cnepMa- 
T030Hfl;oBi, Torfl;a TeopeTHKH Toro BpeMeHH pa36HjiHCB na fliBa spasK- 
]ji,jjomjsxi> Jiarepa. 0;i;hh oeucmu (ovh cJiOBa ovum — a8ii;o), co Cnaji- 
jiaHAaHH, rajuiepoMt h BoHHe Bt rJiaBt, npo;i;oji3KajiH ropa^o ot- 
cxaHBaTB npaBa 9JieMeHTapHaro aflD;a na sHa^eme hcthhhoA Mo^eJiH 
6y;i;ymaro opraHH3Ma, a inpyrie, cnepMamucmu (otx cjiOBa sperma — 
cimeHHaa }kh;i;koctb), noflji npHKpBiTieMi TaKHXi aBTopHTeTOBi, KaKB 
caM-B JleBeHfyKi, TapTceKepi h JlaJieMnai^iS, OT;i;aBaj[H npeflino^Tenie 
cnepMaT030Hfl;y, 0TB0fl;a afiniy jthdib nofli^HHeHHyio po-iB HHTaTejiBHaro 
cy6cTpaTa, na c^eii KOToparo SHBeTi sapo^Mni'B-acHBqHKi. IIpaBo- 

BipHHH OBHCT'B HaSHBaJX-B afll^O Ph6h HJIH JiarymKH, HH^TO-He cyM- 

Hacff, MajieHBKOK) ph6ko3 hjih MHKpocKonnqecKHM'B jiarymeHKOMB, 
cnepMaT030H^y ace npHnHCHBajn ana^enie pasApaacaiomaro Ha^iajia, 
fliaiomaro sapo^iiBiiny TOJi^eK^ k'b pocTy. A yCiacAeHHHfl cnepMaTHCT'B, 
BpoA^, HanpHMi^px, JtajieMnaD;iyca, yBipaji-B ce6a caMoro H^pyrnxx, 
^To Bi cnepMaT030Hji,'fe qejiOB-feKa no^i mhkpockohom'b BH^en^B na- 
CToamifi homunculus ci aBCTBeHHO-BHpaaceHHBiMi TyjiOBHni;eM'B, ho- 
raMH, pyKaMH h tojioboh bb KanioinoHi (nocji^J;HiH, o^eBH;i;HO, cbh- 
ji^^TeJiBCTBOBajix npoBHfl;eHD;iajiBHOH npHnncKt ki fl;yxoBHOMy 3Ba- 
hIh)!). 0% TaKOK) 5Ke o^esHj^HOCTBio B'B cnepMaT030H;iiaxx co6aKH, 
CBHHBH, KopoBH, jioHia^iiH ycMaipHBaJiHCB MHKpocKonH^ecKie meHHTa, 
nopocHTa, TOJiaTa h acepe6aTa. Botl no^eMy cnepMaTHCTH hsb^&cthh 
Bi HayKi eme nofl;x HMeneMi auuMajibKyjiucmoe^: KJiH^Ka axa npoH3- 
Bo;i.HTca ovh cjioBa animalculum, qxo 3HaqHT'B — MajieHBKoe acHBox- 
Hoe. CnpaBe^jiHBOCTB, Enpo^eMx,, Tpe6yeTX saM^&THTB, hto 6oJiBniHH- 

CTBO CnepMaTHCTOBX H OBHCTOB-B He HaCXaHBaJIH Ha XOMl, ^XO MH- 

KpocKOH'B HBcxBeHHO ofinapy^KHBaexi B'B Hfl^ax^ H cnepMaxo30Hfl;axi 
Bct $opMH Bspocjiaro opraHH3Ma; ohh, naoSopoxi, yKasBiBajiH Ha 
HecoBepnieHcxBO Hamero oprana sp^Hia, na HecoBepmeHcxBO MHKpo- 
CKona, na Heo6HqaHHO MajiHe pa3MipH 3apofl;Hniefl h na ^pesBBi- 
^aflnyio npo3paqHQcxB hxi cocxaBHHX'B ^acxefi, keki na npH^HEH, 
He no3BOJiaioni;ia naMi paBrjiafliixB HCXHHHyio cxpyKxypy acHB^HKOBi 
H ani^'B. 

KaKB HH pa3JIHqHH, nOBHfljHMOMy B3rJia;i;BI OBHCXOB'B H aHHMaJIB- 

KyjiHcxoBTb, HO HecoMH^HHO, ^10 o6a 3XH yqenia cxojiiaxca bx> ochob- 
HOMi B3rjia;i;^ na cymnociB pa3BHxia h Hacjiiji;cxBeHHOCXH. JI^jih 


*) 3a HGHMi^HieM'B jiaTUHCKaro opHrnHajia, ipiTnpyH) no khh^kk'I^ Ock. PepT- 


BHra «Aeltere iind neuere Entwickelungs-Theorieen». 


HEPfefflEHHBia nPOBJIEMH BIOJIOriH. 169 


HHXt — „es giebt keine Werden", st aapo^wini Bce nanepe^i;!. npe^;- 

o6pa30BaHO. 3to, co6ctbphho roBopa, Ta ace TeHfl;eH]^ia, qxo h b'b 

CBameHHofl KHHri HH;i;ycoB'B, h Bi B033ptHiflxi> ^Hjioco^OBt H Haxy- 

paiHCTOB'B ;^peBHOCTH. A pa3i 3T0 TaKi, TO 3ara;i;Ka pa3BHTifl h 

Hacji^jBiCTBeHHOCTH caMa C06010 ynpa3ji;HaeTCff. Biji^h opraHH^ecKoe 

pa3BHTie ecTL npeacfl;e Bcero nepexb^i* ot^ npocToro ki cjioacHOMy, 

OTi OAHopo;iiHaro Kt CBJi3Ho-pa3HopoffHOMy; oho, ciajio 6i,itl, npeji;- 

nojiaraeTt h K06oo6pa30BaHie h w^peodpasoBanie. Hy, a ecjin b% 

3apo;i;Hmi Bce Hanepe;!;^, oxi B-fe^nocTH, npe9o6pa30BaHO, to KaKoe 

yacx TyTi MoaceTt 6htb pasBHTie? A k'ojih pasBHTie oji;hh'b jmmh 

MMe%y TO CTajio 6htl, h iipo6jieMa pa3BHTia — npa3;i;Haa BH;i;yMKa 

r j^ocyaKHXt ^aHTasepoBi. CoBepmeHHO to ace camoe nyacHO 6yji;eTt 

\ cKasaTL H npo6jieM^ Hacjiifl;cTBeHHocTH. B^fljB Bt nefl caMHMt 

I 3arafl;o^HHM'L flBJiaeTca Bonpoct o tomi, KaKHMt o6pa30M'B 3apo- 

I ^S^UWh BOCnpHHHMaeTX H B0Cnp0H3B0;i;HT'B XapaKTepHHff 0C06eHH0CTH 

f po;i;HTejiefl.. Ho ecjin bx TaKOMt sapoAHin't' p-lniHTejiBHO Bce xapaK- 

Tepfloe ^Jia poji,HTejifl[ — ny, cKaaceMt, BnjioTb ;i;o KaKoro - HHfiyAB 
pofljHMaro naTHLiHiKa na KOH^HK'fe Hoca, — HMteTCJi Hanepe;^^^, to, 
[ o^eBHfliHO, na^aeTi h caMaa npo6jieMa Hacjiifl;cTBeHHOCTH. 

f BojTBHHMt M^CTOM'B j^jisi TeopeTHKOBt „npe;iio6pa30BaHia" 6ujii, 

I co6cTBeHHO ;ipyrofl Bonpoct, a HMenno Bonpoci o npoHcxoac;i;eHiH 

> Toro MHHiaTH)pHaro oprannsMa, KOTopnfl nyTCMt oji;Horo jthhib pocTa 

' npeo6pa3yeTCff bo B3pocjiyH) $opMy. OTKyji;a Bt caMOMt ;i;tjii 6epyTCii 

\ Bct 3TH homunculus'H H animalculus'H? JKeneBCKifi naTypt-^HJio- 

I co^t niapjiB BoHHe j^ajit na 3to otb^x, o;i;HHaKOBO ynosjieTBo- 

I pHBmifl H OBHCTOBt H aHHMaJILKyjIHCTOB'B. Pa3CyAHJIX OHi TaKt: acH- 

i BOTHoe Ha caMOMt js/hjih bobco ne TBopHTi sanoBO CBoero hotom- 

1 CTBa; Bt Tiai ero saaoaceHH 3apofl,HmH Bcixi 6y;^yl^Hxt noKoai^- 

Hifi, H aapodwmu 9mu ecmasjienu odum e^ dpyzou, caoBHO B'b 060- 
jio^KH, H3X KOTopHxi OHH nocai&ji;oBaTeai>HO ocBo6oac^aioTCff no M'fepi 
noHBaenia na CBfot Kaac;i;aro caifl;yH)ni,aro noKoatnia. OTCK);i;a h 
SepeTt naqaao TaKt nasHBaeMaa „Teopia Bao^enia" nan uh- 
60jmi(fiHy Ta caaiaa Teopia, KOTopyio, ex aerKofi pyKH BayMeH6axa, 
CTaaH noTOMt Bt HacMtniKy Ha3HBaTi> ^yqeHieMi saBepnyTHxt 
^pyrt Bt Apyra 3apoAtiniax'E". Y^enie 9To 6iiao kt* TOMy ace ocBa- 
ni,eHO aBTopHTeTOMX JIefl6HHiia. noca'6;i;Hifl, KaKX H3BtcTH0, ^yMaax, 
^TO BHCHiaa CHaa, co3ji;aBniaa e;i;HHHMi aKTOMt TBopenia bch) Bce- 
aennyio, ne conaa Hy^HHMX noBTopaTB ce6a B'B j^aaBH^flrnHXt aft- 
Taxx H noTOMy pa3x HaBcerfl;a npeji,onpe;i;'feaHaa ecTecTBenHHt xoji.'b 
Beni;efi. TaKX, C03fl;aBfflH nepBtix'B 3eMHBixT> TBapefi, 3Ta cnaa ji;aaa 

HMl B03M0aCH0CTB np0H3B0Ji;HTB BHaOTB ^0 CKOH^aHia B^KOBi BC'fe 

noca^fliyiomia noKoainia; h to, ^to mh nasHBaeMX poacfl;eHieM'B ho- 
BHX'B cyiii,ecTBT», ecTB Ha caMOMT* 3,iai anniB nocTeneHHoe ocbo6o}k- 
jHeHie nepBOHa^aaBHBix'B, BCTaBaennHXT* npyrx B'B ;i;pyra 3apo;i;Hnieft. 
H OBHCTH H aflHMaaBKyaHCTH Hc^epnaaH, MoacHO cKa3aTB^ ;n;o a6cyp;i;a 
H;i;eH JIefl6HHn.a h lEapaa Bonne. HaH6oa'fee pbantie h3% obhctob-b 


170 pyCCROB BOrATCTBO. 

B3AJIH Ha ce6si ji^aMe cm^jioctl saHflXBCJi, nanpHHilp'L, xaRHM^B jih)6o- 
nHTHHMi BH^HCJiemeMi: ckojibko BjroaceHHHxt npyri* 3% fl;pyra 3a- 
po;i;BiineH ji;ojiacHa fiHJia hm^tb nama npapofl;HTejii>HHi^a Esa, ^ToCt 
oTHxt 3apoji;iiiinea XBaxHjio na Bctxt HM'feK)iu,Hxi> Hapoji,HTBca JiH);i;eg; 
n,H$pa no HC^HCJieHiK) obhctobi ^.oxojiiHjia ;nio 200,000 MEJiJiioHOBt. 
lie ycTyuajiH cBoefi no3Hn;iH, pasyMieicji, h aHHMajibKyjiHCTH. IIo 
Hxt pascqeiaM-B Bt cnepMaT030H;n;axi A^aMa 6buio 3aBepHyT0 ;i;pyrB 
B-B ^lipyra He MeHBmee ^hcjio MHKpocKonH^ecKHX'B ^ejioBt^KOBi. 
BjiHacafimifl hotomok'b npaoTii,a Afl;aMa, no My^KCKofi jihhIh, nojiy- 
qHji'B no Hacjii;i;cTBy to ace ^hcjio BCTaBJieHHUxi ;i;pynE> b^ fl;pyra 
aapo^meS MHHyci ojijhh'b, — toti* cawufi, KOToptifi noniejii> Ha o6pa- 
30BaHie ero caMoro, h t. ji,, bhjiotb ;i;o Bctxi HHHiniHHXi cbihob'b 
A;i;aMa, bi cnepMaT030B,n;ax'B KOiopHX'B Haxo^aTca na roTOBt 3a- 
qaxKH Bctx-B, em,e HM'feioni.HX'B Hapo;i;HTBCH noKOJi'feHifl... 

no^TH njkjioe CTOJitxie ^jiHjicfl oxcecxo^eHHHfi cnop^ MeaK;i;y 
oBHCxaMH H aHHMajiBKyjiHcxaMH, noKa, HaKOHeni'B, BeJiHKoe oxKpHxie 
Kacnapa $pH;i;pHxa Bojit^a, bi* 1759 ro^iiy, ne bh6hjio hxx cb 
npo^Ho 3aHiiTog HMH no3HH.iH H He BHecjio coBepmeHHO HOBOfi cxpyn 
B-B HCTopiK) saHHMaiomaro nacB Bonpoca. KpnxHKya y^enie o npe- 
$opMaixiH, 3X0X1 3aM'feqaxejiBHBii yqeHLifi ocHOBBiBajicfl rjiaBHHM^B 
o6pa30M'B Ha Henocpefl;cxBeHHHX'B Ha6jiio;i;eHiax'B, saHHMaBniHX'B xa- 
Koe atajiKoe M^cxo B'b yMCXBOBaniax'B Haxypi-^HJioco^OBX* XYIl h 
XYIII Btea. T'^wh He Meni^e h o6n^iH cooSpaacenia $HJioco$CKaro 
xapaKxepa nrpajiH b-b MipoB033piHiH BojiB$a niKOxopyio poJiB. 
Oh'b He Mori, nanpHMipx, npHMHpnxBCii cb ochobhok) mhcjibk) cxo- 
poHHHKOB'B xeopiH npe;i;o6pa30BaHia, h6o ho cMBicay 3xoro yqenis 
„Bci opraHH3MH npe;a;cxaBJKiH)x'B ^y^o", a xaMx, tji,^ qy;a;o,'' xoxa 6u 
H BejiH^aeMoe nepBOHa^aaBHWM'B aKX0Mi> xBopenia, xaM'B ni&x'B yace 
M^cxa HHKaKOMy HCXHHHo-Hay^HOMy nocxpoeniH). Ero rjiyfioKO ne- 
qaanx-B xa acajiKaa, HH^xoacnaa pojiB, Koxopyio xeopia npeji;o6pa30BaHia 
oiBOAHX'B cHJiaMXi acHBot, caMoonpeji,^jiaH)ni,efl, aBxoHOMHoS npHpo;i;H. 
„npeacAe, — roBopnxx ohx* cb oxx^hkom^b rpycxHofl nponiH, — axo 6Hjia 
acHBaa npHpoji,a, npoH3BOji;HBmaa 6e3KOHe^HHa H3MiHeHia cbohmh 
co6cxBeHHBiMH cHJiaMH; xenepB-ace (x. e. BM-fecxt cb npH3HaHieMT» 
y^eHia o npeji;o6pa30BaHiE[ h xeopin BCxaBjieHHBix'B jijpyr'B b'b ji;pyra 
3apo;ii;Hniefi) ona cxajia ^i^MX-xo xaKHM'B, who jthhib no BH^y HcnBi- 
xHBaex^ nepeM-i^HH, a Ha caMOMi Ji'hji^ ocxaexca 663^ H3M'feHeHifl 
CO BpeMeHH nepBOHa^ajiBHaro xBopenia, h xojibko Majio-no-Majiy 
HCxpa^HBaexca. IXpeKflie axo 6bijia npHpoji;a, Koxopaa caMa ce6a 
paspymajia h caMa ce5a cosnj^ajia, BBi3HBaa x^mx. caMBiM'B 6e3KO- 
He^HBia nepeMiHH h npoaBJiaacB Bce B'B hobomi CBix'fe; a xenepB 
3X0 — 6e3acH3HeHHaa Macca, oxx. Koxopofl nocxenenHO oxnaj^aexi 
o;i;Ha ^acxB BCJitji,!, sa npyrofi, noKa bccb 3xox^ xjiaMx* ne h3ho- 
cHXca". OAHaKO, noBXopaio, ne bx. bxexx o6iii,hxx> pa3cyac;ii;eHiax'B 
Kpoexca cH^a xofl apryMeHTaii,iH, KOxopyio aBxop'B coqnHenia „Theo- 
ria generationis" BBi;i;BHHyjix> npoxHBX* cxopoHHHKOBi npe$opMai];iH. 


r-- 


HEP^mEHHLm nPOBJIEMH BIOJIOriH. 171 

Oht» yxBepac^iiajit cjii;n;yK)mee. Hh bx JIH^ax^, hh bx cnepMaT030H;i;axi 
HtTt ^aace h cjiij^OBt pa3BHTOi*o opraHHSMa; HanpoTHFt, BcsKifl 
aapoAHffl'B Bi na^aJii^ cocTOHTt hsx 6e3$opMeHHHaro BenxecTBa, ko- 
Topoe jiHmB nocTeneHHO, no^i.t BJEianieMi npHcymaxx caMofl npn- 
po^ cHJix H nyTemt D;tjiaro piijija npeBpamenifi, paaBHBaeTca bo 
BspocjiyK) $opMy cb acHO BHpajKeHHHMH opranaMH h annapaTaMH. 
yTBepaK;i;eHie 3To hokohjocb Ha Ha6jiiofl;eHiax'E, cocTaBHBfflHxt 3noxy 
Bt cy^L6axx 3M6piojioriH h, mohho cKasaxB, C03;i;aBinHxx 3Ty nayKy. 
BoTb Bt odmeM'B cyiB 3thxi Ha6jiio;i;eHifl. lisy^aa npoHcxoacfleHie 
pasJiHqHHxt opraflOBX paciema, Bojil^tt, ;i;oKa3aji'L, hto opranH sth 
Majio-no-Majiy o6oco6jiaH)TCff Hst sa^aTKOBaro Beni;ecTBa, KOTopoe 
npH 3T0MI HcntiTHBaeTi i^ijiHfi paflit npeBpamemft; sax^MX, cjii;i;a 
3a BOSHHKHOBeHieMt nnmeBapHTejiBHaro KaHajia y ii;HnJieHKa, oh-b 
ycTaHOBHjrt, ^to Eanajn dTOTh noJiyqaeTca h31 npocxofi OBajitHoS 
nepenoHKH, Koxopaa nocxeneHHO H3M^HaexcH, nojiy^aext mhofo 
HOBLix'B fl;o6aBJieHifi h, HaKoneiii'B, o6pa3yeT'b pasjiH^HHa ^acxH 
EHmeBapHxejiBHaro Karajia, ne^enB, jierKiii h np. JtajiLHifimia pa- 
6oxH ^pyrHxt J^enux'h h oco6eHHO 3HaMeHHxaro Kapjia ^OHTb-Bepa 
OKOH^axejiBHo ynpo^HJiH oxpniiiaxejiBHoe oxHomeHie Kt yqeniio o 
npe^opMai^iH, h xeopia 3xa oxomjia, Ka3ajiocB, st Bi^HOcxB; na- 
Mtcxo Hea Bx flayEi ynpo^HJiocB jiipyroe y^enie o pa3BHxiH — 
meoptR no60o6pa3oeanm ujiu anuzeueaa. flpne Bcero 3xa HOBaa xeo- 
piji BBipasHjiaGB Bt cjii;i;yiO]n;Hxx cjioBaxx Kapjia ^OHt-Bepa: „3Kh- 
Boe cymecxBO npoHcxo^^HXi hsx ofl,Hofi KJifeKH, H3X nepBH^iHaro 
aHii;a; oho cxpoHxca nocpe;i;cxBOM'B 3X0fl nepBH^Hofi KJiixKH, o6pa- 
syiomefl HOBHff KJiixKH, KoxopHa Bce 6ojiie h 6oJLie oxjiH^aioxca 
apyri OT-B ;iipyra h coe^HnaioTca Bt mnypKH, bx xpy6KH, b'b njia- 
cxhhkh, ^to6h cocxaBHXB pasjiH^HHe opraHH. 9xa cxpoHxejiBHaa 
pa6oxa Hj^ext, nocJit;i;oBaxeJiBHO ycjioacHaacB, xaKX ^ixo $opMBi 060- 
co6jiHK)xca no nipt xoro, KaKTE* pasBHxie no^BHraexca Bnepefl;^**. 
TaKi 6Hjia ycianoBjieHa necocxoaxejiBHOcxB yqenia, no KOxopoMy 
pasBHxie oxoac;i;ecxBjiajiocB cb pocxoMX, xaKi 6hjio nojio^Keno na- 
TiaJio cxporoMy pasjiH^eHiio sxexx fliByxi. npoii;eccoBB opraHH^ecKofi 
npnpojiibi: pocxx* cxajiH noHHMaxB, KaKi yBejin^enie od-BeMa, a opra- 
HH^ecKoe pasBHxie ^opMyjinpoBajiH, KaKx nocxeneHHHfi nepexoji.'B 
oTh npocxoro-oji;Hopoji;Haro k% cJioacHOMy-pa3Hopo;i;HOMy. / 

J^oJiroe BpeMK 3nHreHe3'B ii;apHJii bb nayKi, KaKX Bnojini^ 3a- 
KOH^eHHaa HayqHO-o6ocHOBaHHaa xeopia. Bci HOBHa HSCJii^OBania 
BOJiHCB no;i;'B snaMeneM'B 3xoro yqenia; naysa pa3BHxiH pocjia h 
Kpi&njia. BniniHaa cxopona aM6pioHajiBHaro npoi^ecca, nparMaxme- 
CKaa, ecjiH mohcho xaKi Biiipa3HXBca, Hcxopia HHji;HBH;i;yajiBHaro pa3- 
BHxia opraHHSMOBX cxaHOBHjiacB see noHaxH-fee h nonaxH^e. IJijiHfl 
pa;^^ 6jiecxani,HX'B aMHHpnqecKHX'B o6o6n],eHift ;n;ocxofiHO saBepmajiB 
3?i;aHie SMfipiojiorH^ecKofl nayKH. Ho no M^p^ xoro, KaK^B $aKXH- 
lecKifl Maxepiajii b'b axofi o6jiaciH 3HaHia cxaHOBHjica fiora^e h 
pa3HOo6pa3Hi&e, cxapBie, 3a6BixBie BonpocBi h^xb-h^x'b j^a h npo6yac- 


172 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

;n;ajiHCL Bt CKeniH^ecKH HaeTpoetiHHXi yjHaxx. Btpa b% nenpejioa- 
HOCTB annreHeaa cjiafiijia, cjiasa ero MepKJia, oSaanie hobhbhbi 
HC^esajio, coMHi^Hia pocjiH ne no ahami, a no ^acaMi h Bfl;pyrE... 

MH BHOBB nOKJIOHHJIHCL TOMJ, HTO TaKt pimHTeJILHO H, KaSajIOCB, 

fieanoBopoTHO npoKJiajiH: Teopia npe^ofipasoBaHia B03po;i;Hjracb Kt 
acH3HH Bi 6ojite yTonqeHHofl h coBepmeHHofl $opMi, nojU'L 6ojite 
nHKaHTHHMt coycoMx; H CTapHfi cnopt Meac^y npe^opMHCTaMH h 
anHreneTHCTaMH ohstb saroptjicff ct, yjJiBoeHHofl Bnepriefl, ch Hecpas- 
HeHHO jiyqine OTTO^eEHMMi opyacieMt bi pyKaxi> fliByxi cnopa- 

mnXl CTOpOH'B. 

Jta HHa^e Bpn^t-jiH h Jtorjio cjiyqETLca. JlBa npeAaTeJiBCKHXx 
Bonpoca AOJiKHH 6ujiE neoTBHSHO npecJii^OBaTB mugjib BCiiKaro 
B^tyM^HBaro CTopoHHHKa anHreneaa. Bo-nepBHXt: ji;iflcTBHTejiBHO jih 
BMicT-fe ct npoi];eccoMX pasBHTia cjioacHoe-pasHopoAHoe nojiy^aeTca 
Hs-L upocToro-o;i;Hopoji;Haro? H BO-BTopHxi.: KaKHMt odpaaoMi 
CBoficTBa po^iHTejiefl cnepBa nepenocaTca na o;i;HOKJiiTflHfl aapo- 
;i;iiini'B, a saxi&M'B ct to^hoctlh) BocnpoH8Bo;n;aTca BspocJiUMt opra- 
HHSMOMi, BOBHHKaiomHM'B H3X 3Toro 3apo;i;Hffla? Ho^ero H rOBOpHTB, 
qTO HH Vis essentialis BojiL$a (nanpaBjunoniiaff CHJia), hh Nisos 
tormativus (ofipaaoBaTejiLHoe cTpeMJienie),. BBe^ieHHoe Bt HayEy 
BjiyMeH6axoMi>, He mooh y;i;oBJieTBopHTB BonpofflaromExt no nep- 
BOMy nyHKTy: npEHEMaa bto hbcto cjioBecsoe TOJiKOBaEie npo6jieMH 
pa3BETia, MH Bt cymHocTB EB^ero He ofixacBaeMx; e6o KaKoe-ace 
9T0 oSxacHenie, ecjiE oho roBopHTx, ^to pasBExie coBepniaexca 
no;!;^ rHeiOMt e noji;t KOHTpojieM^ sHKOMy neBi^oMofl cejibi, koto- 
paa BanpaBJiaeT'B 3apo;i;Hmi no nyiE pa3BHTia? Ha npo6jieMy-ace 
Hacji'fe;i;cTBeHHOCTE Teopia anErenesa e BOBce ho ^aBajia HEKaKor® 
OTBiTa. A Meac^y TiM'b, noBTopaio, caMHfl pocTi 6iojiorE^ecKEX't 
HayKi* Bce HacTofl^EBifi e nacTofi^EBifi BH^BHrajii Heo6xo;aiEMOCTB 
fiojiie rjiy6oKo3 nocTanoBKE e 6oJiie cofl;ep3KaTeJiBHaro pimema 
9Tofi npodjioMH. He 3a6LTBaHTe, q:TO KaKx pas^t bx 3to Bpena Ba- 
pofl;EJiocB E nycTBJio rjiyfioKie KopHE y^enie o KJiiTKi. Boji^e hjie 
Men-fee ;i;eTajiBHoe Esy^enie Mop$ojiorE^ecKHXi e $yHKn;ioHajiBHLix'B 
oco6eHHOCTefi KJiiTKE E BsaEMOOTHomeBifl Meac;iiy pasjiE^HHME co- 
CTaBEHME HacTaMH ea, E3yqeflie Tixx aBjienifl, kotophme conpo- 
Boacji;aeTca pasMHoacenie EjitTOKt, Esy^enie cTpoenia a3n;a e cnep- 
MaT030Eji;a e, HaKonei^i, dojiie rjiy6oKoe 3HaK0MCTB0 ex npon.eccoM'B 
onjioffOTBopenia e ci toh) pojiBH), KOTopaa BBina;n;ae'rB b% 3tomx npo- 
^ecci Ha ^OJIK) paajTEqEHxt ^acTefi ctMeHHofl e afln;eBofi kji^tkb — 
Bce 3T0 npoH3Bejio rjiy6oKi8 nepeBopoTi Bt Hamnx'B o6HqHHXi> 
noHaTiaxt o cyniiHOCTH opranE^ecKaro pasBETia e aBJieflifi Hacjiiff- 
CTBeHHOCTH. Bojiofi HeBOJTefl npHfflJiocB ;i;onycTETB, ^TO KJii&TKa npeji;- 
cTaBjaeTi co6oio ^obojibho cjioacnoe t-Ijio, cb BdcBMa 3arafl;oqHHM'B 
CTpoeBieMX h* MHoroqECJieEEHMH OTnpaBJieHiaME, ^to ona ec:ra^, 
co6cTBeHHO roBopa, sjieMeHTapHHfi opraEE3Mt, e qxo b-b cnepMaxo- 
30E^'fe E cfeMBEHofl KJil^xK^ KaKt-6Bi Hanepeji;^ HM-feioxca BCfe, ecJH 




HEP^inEHHfcia nPOBJTEMLI BIOJIOriH. 173 

He MaTepiajiBHHff, to, no KpafiHefl Mipife, 3;HHaMH^ecKiflr ycjiOBia, ne- 
o6xo;i;hmhh ]i,j[Si BosHHKHOBeHia MHoroKiiTHaro Bspocjiaro opraHHBMa 
H31 o;^HOKJI'feTHa^o 3apofl,Hina. Kone^HO, cefiqaci h^t'b M^cia cnopy 
Mea^ny OBHCxaMH h cnepMaTHCTaMH Bt ^yxi CTapuxi mKOJUb, h6o 
TenepL jUJia BcaKaro acHo, ^to b% xixt cjiy^aaxt, Korji;a opraHHSMH 
pasHHO^aiOTCfl nojiOBHM'B cnocodoM'B, H si&ufiBdia KJiixKa n cnepna- 
T030H;a,i paBHO Heo6xoji;HMH ;n;jifl BOcnpoHSBej^eHia HOBaro cymeciBa: 
hcxoji;hhmi» nynKTOMt Bcixt Hamnxt pa3cyffl;;i;eHifl o pasBHTin h 
Hacjit;i;cTBeHHOCTH OEasHBaexca yjKe ne aii^eBaH h ne ciMOHHafl 

Kl^TKa BT, OTfli^JIBHOCTH, a TOT'b O^HOKJlfeHHfi 3apo;n;iaini>, KOTOpHg 

nojiy^aeTca nocjii onjio;i;oTBopeHia nst aiaxt j^Byxt, HHorji;a ctojib 
He cxo^^HHxt no BH;i;y, hojiobbixi ajieMeHTOB'B. Ho t^m'b ne Menie, 
no npHSHaniK) 6oJiBniHHCTBa TenepemnHxt diojioroBt, „nojiOBHa 

KJliTKH JHOJiaCHBl HMiXB MHOrO^HCJieHHHa CEpWTHff OTl HaCt CBOftCTBa 

H npHsnaKH, npHcyTCTBiejit KOxopHxt o6ycjioBJiHBaeTCfl boshhkho- 
Benie KOHe^naro npofl;yKTa. TaKia CKpHXHa hjih jiaxeHXHHff CBofi- 
cxBa, KOxopH^ JiHniB nocxeneHHO o6Hapyffi;HBaH)icH bi npoii;ecci 
pa3BHxiii, Ha3tiBaK)xca sa^axKaMn; h Bt coBOEynnocxH Ba^axKOBt 
BecB opraHHSM-B ji,o HSBicxHoft cxeneHH npe;i;o6pa30BaH'B h noxen- 
n,iajiBH0 inant" *). 

HpeflicxaBBTe ce6t, b% caMOMX ;niji^, ^xo y Bact HMiioxca o;n;HO- 
KJiixHBie 3apo;i;HinH xpext pacxeniH — MyxojiOBKH, ^hhhkoboS najitMH 
H njiaxana — h 3apo;i;HfflH xpext acHBOXHtixt — eaca, acHpa$$H h ^ejio- 

BiKa. Bt, BHfl,^ OJIiHOKJliXHtlXt 3aiaXK0B'B 8apOfl;MinH BCfeXt dUVLTh 

cymecTBt odnapyasHBaiox'L no;i;x» MHKpocKonoMt y^HBHxeJiiiHoe cxoja;- 
exBO, Koxopoe bbt ho npo^L npHH^xt ji;aHe sa nojiBMraee xoffija;e- 
cxBO. Ho KaKt Hecxo;i;Hi)i Kone^HHe nponyKXH, BOBHHKaiomie nst 
axHXTb ajieMeHxapHHxt opranHSMOBx! KaKX pasjin^HH cxpoenie n 

aCH3Hefl,taTeJILH0CXL MyXOJIOBKII, Ct OJ^HOfi CXOpOHH H $HHHKOBOfi 

najiBMH, cb ja;pyro8. KaKt BejiHKa nponacxB, ox^^jiaiomaji njiaxant 
OTh qejioBiKa! HecoMHtano, ^xo cxo;i;cxbo Memjij o;i;HOKJitoHHMH 
sapoABimaMH bcj^x'l nasBanHHX'B opraHE3MOB'B ^^hcxo BH^mnee n 
TOJiBKO BHj^HMoe. 9x0 cxo^ijcxBO Bx TJiasaxi naxypajiHCxa Hamnx'B 
fl;Hefi HMiext ne 6ojiLme SHa^ieHia:, ^^Mt BH^niHaa pa3HHn.a Me3Kji;y 
aftn;eBOK) KJiixKOio n cnepMaxo30H;a;oM'B o^noro h xoro ace oprannsMa. 
KaKTb Bx nepBOMX cjiy^a^ noj^t 6u^uMUM^ cxo^^cxbomi Kpoexca 
rjiy6oKoe pasjiHHie, xaKX> h bo BxopoMt cjiy^ai^ nofl;^ euduMo ne- 
cxojDCHofi o6oJio^Kofi o6Hapyas;HBaexcH necoMHi^HHoe cxo;^cxBO Bt 
ofin^HXt CBoficxBax'B. Boxx no^oMy 6ojiBmHHCxBO coBpeMeHHHXt 
iSiojioroBt xaKi» oxoxho no^nncHBaexca noAX> cjiOBaMH HerejiH, tj[,^ 
OH-B roBopflxx, ^xo „B% cxa;a;iH aflii;a oprannsMH ne Menie oxjih- 
^aioxca APyrx> ovb ffpyra, h^m-b bx pasBHxoMX cocxoaHin", h ^xo, 
HanpHM^pt, jjB-B KypHHOMX mii!^ bhji;^ coj^epacnxca b'b xaKofi ace 
nojiHOx^, KaKi> H B% caMoS KypHi],i, h KypHHoe afiito na cxojibko 


*) 0. Fepmeuvb. Kji-fexKa a TKann. 


1 


174 PyCCKOB BOI'ATCTBO. 

ace OTJiH^aeTCJT otl jiOT'yme^Baro, nacKOJiBKO Kypni^a otl .lii- 
ryniKH" *). 

TaKt coBpeMeHHoe ecTecTB03HaHie Bt jimifk mhophxi, ecjorn ne 
rpoMajuHaro 6ojiBfflHHCTBa, cbohx'b npe;i;cTaBHTejiefi bhobb npninjio 
Kt TeopiH npe;i;o6pa30BaHia, BpeMenno npefl;aHHofi 3a6BeHiK) bo hm« 
Teopiz HOBOo6pa30BaHiH. He nyacHo ynycKaxB tib% BH^y, Kone^HO, 
o;i;ho8 cymecTBeHHoS pasHHi^Bi Meac;D[y y^enieMt o npe^opMan^H 
BpeMeHTb CnajjiaHi^aHH h TenepeniHHMi>. TenepL hhkto ne cTaneTi 
yTBepaCiHaxB, m:o b% o;i;HOKJiiTHOM'B sapofliBun* EypH^BI CEfljsrh me- 
HiaTiopHHfi i];unjieHOK'b, h ne CTBHeT'b oToa;^ecTBJIaTB afii^o jraryinKH 
<yh KpoxoTHHMt jiaryiijeHEOM'B; ho b% to ace BpeMa pi^KO kto h 
pi^niHTCff ocnapHBaTB mhcjib, ^to ofljHOKJitTHMS 3apoji;biffl'B KypHmj 
nacTOJiBKo ace chjibho pasHHTca otb ofl;HOKJii^THaro 3apo;a;Hma jih- 
ryinKH, HacKOJiBKO Bspocjiaa KypHi];a OTJiH^aeTca orb B3pocjD[ofi Jia- 
ryniKH. Jjia ii;tjraro pa;i;a BB^aiomnxcs naTypajiHCTOB'B naniero spe- 
MeHH aTo — neocnopHMaa BCTHHa, h pasHorjiacia Meac^y hhmh cbo- 
iHHTCfl: JinniB kx Bonpocy o tomx, KaKi upeji;cTaBHTB ce6t 9Ty pasHHi^y: 
flBJiaeTca jih ona peayjiBTaTOM'B Heji;ocTynHaro nameMy B36py Mop- 
(pojiozuHec%azo CTpoeniJi ajieMeHTapHHxx opraHH3MOB'B, naxoj^HTca jih 
wh 3aBHCHM0CTH OTB MOJicKyjiftpuoiX ((|)n3HKO-xHMHqecKofi) cxpyKTypH 
npoTonjia3MH h H;i,pa bi. 3apo;i;HHieBHX'B KJitTKaxt, hjih ace, naKO- 
Heui'B, cKasHBaeTca KaKt cjii^ji;cTBie necxoduazo conemamH eujvb bx 
o^HOKJi'feTHBix'L sapo^ijHHiax'B pasjiH^HMxt opraHHSMOBt? Bee aTO 

CTOHTt HOA'B 60JILniHM'B BOHpOCHTejrBHBIMt SHaKOMt eCJIH He jUJIff 
BCi^Xl, TO ^JIH O^eHB H O^eHB MHOPHXt eCTeCTBOHCHBITaTeJiefi. Ho 

^aKTt, HOBTopaH), Bx TOMX, TTO aHHreHeTH^ecKaff Teopiff npHsnaeTca 
He;i;ocTaToqHOH, h o6HOBjieHHoe y^ienie o npe^opMamiH sanoeBKBaeTt 
ce6i& Bce 6ojiBniee h 6ojiBniee 'ihcjto CTopoHHHKOBt. 

9Ta coBpeMOHHafl cMyTa no noBo;a;y ofl;Hofl hsb BejiH^afiniHXB 
npoejioMX 6iojioriH oco6eHHO npKO BHpaacena bx npHBejiieHHBixt 
HHace cjiOBaxx BsjiBrejiBMa Py. Ho^x cjiobomx pa3BHTie, — roBopHrt 
OHt, — ceSqacx noHHMaioTCJi ;i;Ba j^ajieKO HecxofljHHXx npon;ecca: 
BO-nepBtixx, dihucmeumejibuoe eosHUKUoeenie pasnooSpasiH U3^ odno- 
odpaain h, BO-BToptixx, npocmoe npeepat^eme neeuduMazo pas- 
noodpaain e^ euduMoe. „Pa3JiH^aeMue TaKHMX o6pa30M'B o6a 
BH;i,a pa3BHTia Haxoji,aTca MeacAy- co6ofl bx TaKOMi ace otho- 
HieHiH, Bx KaKOMx Haxo^HJiHCB Hpeacflia npoTHBonojioacHBia y^e- 
flia anHreneaa h npe$opMan,iH **), h KOTopoe nanoMHHaeTi 
HaMx Tt BpeMena, Kor;i;a e;i;HHCTBeHHO BOSMoacHOfo 3ajiia^efi 
6bijio — npocjii;i;HTB $opMeHHHe npo^yKTH o6pa30BaTeJiBHHX'B npo- 
H.eccoB'B HJIH, roBopa HHaqe, BH;a;HMHa npeBpanzenia $opMH. Hpn 


*) NaegeU. Mechaniscli-physiologiclie Theorie der Abstammungslehre. 
**) Bo Bceii 3toh n;BTaTt cjiobo «aBOjnon,ifl», b-b BH;i;y ynoMflHyTHXB wb Ha- 
HSjrk cTuTtH cooopaaceHlH, saM-feHaeTca cjiobom'b «npe^opMaii,i}i», hto h 03Ha- 
HaeTb Bi> nepeeo^i.'fe «npeAo6pa30BaBie» B. JT. 


HEPIimEHHLIiT HPOBJIBMH BIOJIOriH. 175 

TaKOMt onHcaTeJLHOMt Hscjii^OBaniH pasBHTia: $opMH annreHeat, 
T. e. yiienie o nocjit^OBaTejiBHOMX o6pa30BaHiH HOBHxt ^opMt, oji;ep- 
, acaji'B nojHjK) noStj^y Ha;i;'L npe$opMai],iefl, t. e. na^t y^emeMt 
o npocTOMt oSnapyaceHiH npeac;i;e cyDnecTBOBaBmaro pa3Hoo6pa3iff 
Soph's". „Ho, — npoj^ojiacaeTt Py, — nHTanct npoHHKHyTt TJij6me Bt 
o6pa30BaTejiLHHe npoii;ecci>i h ^OHCKarLoa hxt> npH^HHLi, mh cnoBa 
HaxajiKHBaeMca na Ty ace ajiLTepnaTHBy h npHHy;K^eHH pascMOxpiTb 
ee H^CKOJiBKO ocHOBaTejiBHie. Ecjih y;a;epacaTL npeacHia HasBania, 
TO 9nHreHe3'B 03HagaeT'L ne tojibko o6pa30BaHie pa3Hoo6pa3HHX'B 
^opMi, cHJiaMH BenxecTBa, xoth h npocToro no ^opMi, ho, 6htl mo- 
sKeTt, Heo6LiKHOBeHHO cjioacnaro no cBoeMy BHyTpenneMy CTpoeniH), — 
He TOJiLKO 3T0, HO H o5pa306anie enosb Bt caMoai-B cxporoMt CMHCJi'fe, 
jUificTBHTeji^Hoe yMHOHenie pa3HOo6pa3ia. npe$opMan;iff ace, Ha- 
o6opoTX, ecTL npocmoe odnapyofceuie npedcyiUfecmeyiomfUX^ cnpumux^ 
pasjiuniu, OTCH);i;a acHO, ^to npon;eccM, KOTopLie npn ^opMajiLHOMTb 
pascMOTpiniH npefljCTaBJiaioTca annrenesoM'B, na caMOMX ;n;i&Ji^ Moryit 
6lttl Ha<5Toani;eH npe^opMai^iefi; h mh ;a;ojiacHBi corjiacHTLca, ^to, 
npH noHHTKi^ rjiy6ace npoHHKHyTt bt, nponiecc'L pasBHTia, mli cHOBa 
HaiajiKHBaeMca Ha BonpocL: ecxt jih 3M6pioHajiLHoe pa3BHTie ann- 
reHe3t, hjih npe^opManjia? ecxt jih oho HOBOo6pa30BaHie paano- 
o6pa3ia hjih tojilko o6Hapy:KeHie cKptiTaro, panLine neBHjUHMaro 
pa3H066pa3ia" *)? 

HxaKt, MLicjiL ^ejiOB^^ecKaa, Hcn&iTaBniaa na npoTaaceniH b^- 
KOBt ii;tjiLia pafliTb „npeo6pa30BaHi8" h „HOBo6pa30BaHifi^S ;!i;Baac;!;H 
B03BpaDa,ajiacL sa axo BpoMa Kt o^HHaKOBOMy pimeHiio o^n-fext h 
Tixt ace npo6jieMt. He npe;i;o6pa30BaHa-JiH h ona (yh na^ajia Bpe- 
Ment, iiero ;n;o6paro? Bi^t roBopHX'B ace nacMi^niHHK'L Me$HCTO- 
$eaB: „Y Koro 

Ta MucjiB — ^paajMHaH nsb rjiynafl — Bs&ji.&sca, 
KoTopofi 6hL HHKTO HC B^fe^aji-B ;i;o Hero?» 

BoTt HO^ieMy a npocHJit 6bi ^iHTaxejia ne o^eHB cfexoBaxL na 
Mena 3a to ipHHHoe HCTopn^ecKoe BBe;iieHie, KOTopoe a c^ejit nyac- 
HHMt npe^ocjiaTB pascMOTp^niio coBpeMenHLixt rHnoTe3x h Teopifi 
no HHTepecyionieMy nacT. Bonpocy. Kto SHaeT^, 6mtb MoaceTX nwh- 
iiO]^h mnpoKOB'BmaTejiBHHX'B pascyacffeniS, HanpHMipt, BeflcMana 
„6e3CMepTiH 3apo;i;HineBofl naasMH" B^pyri* BHrjianerB ymKO 
TeopiH niapjra Bonne o sanejienyTHxt Apyrt Bt ;nipyra sapo- 
jiitinxaxt? 

Yace H^cKoaLKo pasTb ynoMnnajiocB 3;i;icB o tomi, ^ito conpe- 
MenHHa Teopin Hacjiiji;cTBeHHocTH h pa3BHTia noKoaTca na hobM- 
niBxt Hay^HLixi ;a;aHHHX'B h o6o6ni;eHiax'B. Bt BHcmefi cxeneHH 
HHTepecHue h caMH no ce6^, axH ohhth, Ha6jiK);i;eHia h o6o6iii;eHia 


*) WilJielm Boux. Zur Orientirung iiber einige Probleme der embriona- 
len Entwickelung. 


176 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

^OJiacHH cjiymnTL KaKt obi prolegomen'aMH ko BcaKofi HacToameH 
H 6y^ym.efi TeopiH pasBHTin h HacJit^CTBeHHOCTH. A noTOMy ocTa- 
HOBHMCii npeaJA© Bcero na HHXt, bi Ha;i;eay;'fe, ^to ohh He tojilko 
BBe^yxi HacE b'b caifufi i^eHTpi 6opB6i>i jifijTh 6opK)m;HXGA napxifi, 
HO H noMoryxi naM'B OTHecTHCB ex ;q;oj[Shok) cnpaBe;ii;jQ[HBOGTBH) eg 
BsrJEHA^'HX o6iHXi napxiS.- 


II. 
Boraxt h pasHOodpaaent Mipx nacejiJironi.HX'B somjik) cymecTB's 

THCA^BK) HeBHJI.HMHX'B HHXeS H HedaM^TpHXX HepeXOAOBX CBH3aHU 

Meac;zi;y go6ok) thhh^hhji npojiBJieHi)i :sh8Hh; MHoroq^paaHH h t1& 

$OpMH, BX KOTOpHXt CKaSBIBaiOTCa SLBJiQEisi paSBHTifl. By^y^H TtCHO 

CBflsano CB pasMHomeHieMX opraHHSMOBX, pa3BHTie bx sna^HTeJiB- 
HOH cxeneHH onpeji,iJiHexc^ ^opMaMH pasMHOseniH. A Kony ne h3- 
BicxHO, KaKX pa3HOo6pa3Ho Ha paBJiH^HMXt cxyneHflX'B jkhshh cKa- 
BHBaexca 9xa cnocofiHocxt npoH3Bo;tHXB ce6t no;i;o6HMX'&? Hoax 
BiacxLK) BcecHJiBHaro 3aK0Ha 6opl5h 3a cyni;ecxBOBaHie opraHHqe- 
CKifl Mipt, MoacHO cKaaaxL, HsomipHJix na xHcaqy Jiaj^oBt npncymiyio 
ejiy CHJiy BOcnpoH3Be;i;eHia. Tyxt npoaBjiaexca ona, KaKX npocxoe 
;i;'fejieHie Bcero MaxepiajitHaro x^Jia na AB'fe paBHHa hojiobhhkh, 
xaM-B, KaKt ;iipo6jieHie ero na ;a;ecflXKH oxfli^jitHLixx ^acxeS, cnoco6- 
HBixt pocxH H caMocxoaxejiBHO cymecxBOsaxL (ji;ijieHie); bx o^HOMt 
cjiy^ai 3X0 Bcero jihihb oxmenjienie He6ojiBmHX'B yqacxKOBt oxx 
xijia npoH3Bo;i;HxejieH, y^acxKOB'B, hs'b KoropHXi KaaK^LiS npeBpa- 
niaexcH bx hobhh opranHSMt (no^KOBanie), b% fl;pyroMX — axo o6pa- 
aoBanie ocofieHHHXt 3apo;i;Hniefl — cnop'B, mT> EoxopHxt h bo3hh- 
Kaexx MOJioffoe noKOJii^Hie; a Bt xpexLeMt — ji/^Jio ycjroacHaexca 
x^Mt, qxo na cii;eHy Bucxynaioxx ocofine, cnen;iajii>HO ^Jia D;ifejiefi 
pasMHoacenia npeji,Ha3Ha^eHHLie npoj^yKXLi, Koxoptie jihhil nocji-fe 
cjiiflHiji cnoco6HK[ npexBopHxtca Bt hobhA opraHH3MX. H ^.tjienie, 
H no^KOBanie, h cnopoo6pa30BaHie, h xaKx nasHBaeMoe nojiOBoe 
pa3MHoacenie — oco6eHHO nocji-fe^^Hee — onaxL-xaKH nposBJiaioxca BectMa 
pa3HOO*6pa3HO KaKx. na pa3JiHqHHXX cxynenax'b opraHH30BaHHOi{ 
npHpo;i;H, xaKx h cpe;i;H ^opMx, a;oBOJiLHo fijiEBKHxt no cxpoeHiio 
H no oxupaBJieHiaMt. Ha o6ni.efi KaHBi^ npHpoji;a-apxHcxx> BHBo;iiHXT> 
npHqy;i;jiHBHe yaopLi, oxjin^aron^ieca ne xojilko apKocxBio KpacoKi 
H oxq[exjiHBOCxi>H) HiKOxoptixx, ^Hpypt, HO H xoHKHMH, eji,Ba JJIO- 
BHMHMH nepcaHsaMH Bx xoHax-L H oqepxaHiflxt. JlH)6aji e3t> $opMX 
pasMHoaceHiff, oxopBaHHaa ox'l ix^jiaro p)T;a;a j^pyrnxt, 6jiH3KHX'b h 
^iiajieKHX'B eft $opM:fc, MomeTx, noKasaxtca g^Mt-xo HCKJiio^HxejiL- 
HHMx»; HO paacMOxp-feHHaH Bx> CBH3H ct ji;pyrHMH $opMaMH Bocnpo- 
H3Bo;i;Hxejii>H6fi cnoco6HocxH opraHHSMOBt, oHa OKaacexca Bcero 
jiHEiB 3BeH0Mx» Bt Tjf^uE aHajiorH^HHxt eft sBJieHift. Henpoxo^iiHMOio 
npe;i;cxaB3iflexcff nponacxL Memji;y xaKHMH cnoco6aMH paBMHomema, 


J 


r 


f 


HEPfilllEHHtia nPOBJIEMH BIOJIOriH. 177 

KaKTE> npocToe ;n;ijieHie KJiixoKTb h, cKaaceiii, pasMHoacenie MJieKO- 
HHTaiom.HX'B: BLicinifi tewl noJOBoro pasMHoacenJa cb apKo BHpa- 
aceHHofi ;^H$$epeHi];ian;iefi eojiob'b jnoJiaceHt KasaTBca ^iM'B-TO no 
cymecTBy oTjiHqHHM'B ot'b HHsmaro THna 6e3nojiaro pasMHOffienia. 
Ho Meac;a;y sthmh KpafiHHMH ^jienaMH mosho BCTaBHTB xaKoi noa- 
HHH piifl;i» HesaMi&THHX'B nepexo;i;oBi>, ^to paaan^Hoe hko6h no cy- 
iiiiecTBy . OKaaceTCji Hecxofl;HHMi> JiHinB no BH^y. Hy, a TaKi Kaxt, 
noBTopsK), pasBHxie (ooreHest) naxo^i^Tca b% 6ojiBino3 saBHCH- 
MOCTH OT^ cnoco6oB'B pasMHoaceHiff, to noHaxHO, ^to h paaaHTOHe 
THHH pasBHTia ;i;oji^HH na caMOM'B fl,ijii o6pa30BaTB xaKyio ace 
cBasnyH) ^*^L nepexofl.amHxt ^iipyrt bt, ;^pyra ^opMt. 9to He 
anpiopHoe fl;onyiii,eHie, a o;n;HO H3i BaatHiSnTHXT. o6o6ii]^eHiS 6iojio- 
rin. BoTt no^eny j^jia HaTypaancTa HaniHXi, jiinefi Bonpoci o npo- 
HcxoacAeniH Bspocaaro opraHHSMa h3x onao;i;oTBopeHHaro aSii;a ne 
CTOHTt oco6HaKOM'B Bt pa;i;y j^pyrnx-B fiioaorH^ecKHXi npodaenct. 
OHt SHaeT-B xopofflo, ^to He Men^e 3ara;i;o^HH h ji;pyria, cpofl;HHa 
CT> 8THMX $aKTOMi HBaeniii: no^eMy, nanpnu^px, h3i KaixKH, ot- 
jH-feaHBrneflcii OTt MaxepHHCKaro itaa b'b BH^i cnophCy noay^aeTca 

, B'B KOHIXt KOHI^OB'B rpH6'B HaH HaHOpTHHK'B? IIO^eMy H31 KOMHaeKCa 

ofliHopoj^Huxt KaiTOEX, KOTopHS MH BeaH^acMt no^KOH, o6pa3yeTCH 
BB KOHe^HOMX pe3yaLTaTi^ aHCT0CTe6eaBHiJ[fi no6trB, HOBoe pacxe- 
Hie, hobhS noaHHB nan Honan rHji;pa? CKaacy QoiBme. CyDiiecxByexi» 
HitaHS n;HKa'B HBaeniS, Koxopna Bnoant xoamecxBeHHH ci> wae- 
HieM'B pasBHxia: ohh, co6cxBeHHO roBopa, xo ac© pa3BHxie xojbko 
Bx, Hflofi ^opM*. H 3HaHie BXHX'B HBaeHiJB cxaBHxX) npofiaoMy pa3- 
BHxiH Ha 6oate npo^nyio no'iBy h x^mx* caMHMB npH6aBacaexi nact 
KTb ptnieHiK) HHxepecyK)ni;eft nacB 3a;a;agH. SL wi^JO b'b BH^y cno- 
co6hocxb opraHH3MOBX> B03cxaH0BaflXB HapymeHHHa xKanH, perene- 
pai^iio OT;i;'feaLHHXB opranoBX, y pasaHqHHxx* acHBOXHHXx> h pacxe- 
HiS, BocnpoH3Be;!i;eHie ii;'feaaro es% oxj^-feaBKHXi y^acxKOBi h t. n. 

9xa Kaxeropia ,$aKXOB'B 3aHHMaexx> b'b coBpeMeHHofi 6ioaoriH 
o^eHB BaacHoe M-fecxo, a noxoMy 6y;a;exB ;a;aaeEO He aHmHHM'B no- 
6aHace nosHaKOMHXBca ct» hhmh, t^mx* doa'fee, ^xo Bct BH;i;HEie 
xeopexHKH Bonpoca o pasBHxiH h Haca'fifl;cxBeHHOcxH ^epnaioxt 
odaaBHufi MaxepiaaB h3x» 9xoft HMeHHO o6aacxH acHsneHHHX'B 
aBaenifi. 

Kori;a MHaaioHH pa3Hopoji;HHXX) Ka4iOKX> caoffinaro oprannsMa 
cxanoBaxca acepxBaMH acnsneHHaro npon;ecca, h Kor;i,a na CMi^Hy 
naBHiHM'B aBaaioxca r^taua KoaoHHn hobhxb KafeoKi, xor;i;a ne- 
pe;i;T» HaMH caMHft npocxoH, HaH6oate pacnpocxpaHeHHHf , ho b*b to 
ace BpeMa h caMuft HopMaaBHHS cay^afl pereHepan.iH. Boscxaao- 
Baaioxca-an caoH Kai^xoKi anH^epMHca y geaoB^Ka, aaaaiox'B-aH 
nepta y nxHi],T» nan niepcxB y MaeKOHHxaioni.HX'B, cnoa3aexX)-aH 
^pyfianiKa" cb xtaa ryceHHn;H nan 3Mta, 3aMiHaacB xo:Efl;ecxBeH- 
HHMX, HO coBepmeHHO HOBHMB noKpoBOMT. — BO BciiTb no;i;o6flBTX'B 
cayqaaxX) mh HM'feeai'E fl;^ao cb ofiBiKHOBeHHofi pereHepauieS na- 
J6 4. OTAtjiTb. I. 12 


178 pyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

pyacHHX'B noKpoBOB'E. H coBepmeHHo totx ace npoijecct HMierL 
MtcTO Tor;i;a, Kor;i;a, nanpHMtpi, paKt saM^HJTeTt cBofl CTapafi 
naBi^Hpt HOBHMi, 6ojite yfl.o6HBiMt, hjih Kor;i;a ojieHL cCpacHBaeit 
cBoe BejiHKOJiinHoe yKpameme — BtxBHCTHe pora, Ha cm'J^hj koto- 
pHMt BtipocxaioT'B HOBHe, HO MeH-fee BejiHKOJi'fenHHe, HJIH Kor;i;a, Ha- 
KOHeii;i», y ^ejioB^Ka BMicio BHnaBfflHxt mojio^hhxi bjCob'l noa- 

BJiaiOTCH 3y6H nOCTOffHHBie. CjIHmKOMt 06tIKH0BeHHHe, ^T06l 

CTOHJio Ha HHX'b fl,ojiro ocTanaBJiHBaTBCff, ^aKTti 3th npefliCTaBMioTi 
^ojiLHioS HHTepeci M^ nonHMania npofijieMH paSBHTia. Hpeac^e 
Bcero HecoMHiHHO, ^xo h nxHita, BOBCTanoBJiaa BunaBHiiH neptH, h 
paKi, saM-fenaa cTapwfl nani^HpL hobhmi, b'b cyni;HOCTH hobto- 
paiOTt o^HHi HBt MOMeHTOBt CBoero pasBHTia. To ace caMoe ji;oJiacBo 
CKasaTL H o6t> ocxajiLHHX'B cjiy^aaxX) HopMajiBHofi pe^eHepa^iH. 
Cxajio 6hxl HopMajiLHaa perenepan^a — axo noBxcpeni^ ojhoh h3^ 
cxynenefi, qani;e Bcero nocjit;i;HHXi>, oorenexHqecifcaro pasBHxia. 
O^HaKO, npHCMOxpHMca BHHMaiejiLHte k-b xojilko qxo ynoManyxHMi 
aBjieHiaM-B. 

Hxo coScxBeHHO npoHcxoji;Hxi», Kor;i;a oxmejiyniHBniiaca kji^xkh 
8ni;i;epMHca na Koacl^ "iiejiOBtEa saMi^naioxca hob&imh KJi'&XKaMH 
axoro ace xnna? Kji^xkh HHace Jieacamaro cjioa ;n;ijiaxca, pasMHo- 
ofcawmcH, a xaKHMTb o6pa30M'L aaMimiaiox'L oxmejiyniHBniieca 3JieMeHXH 
annj^epMiajiLHofi xKann. Sna^Hxt, pereHepan;ia bo Bcfexi no;a;o6HHX'5 
cjiynaaxt ecxB npocxo peayjiBxax'B 6e3nojiaro pasMBoacenia Kjt- 
xoKt, Bxo;i;ani;HX'B Bt cocxaBt B03cxaH0BJiaK)ni;efica XKann. Hpoi^eccB 
dTOTiy HO cymecxBy xoxx> ace, qxo h npa o6pa3oiaHiH hobhx'b ne^iJiH- 
MHx^fc y o;i;HOKJ'fixH£ix'b opraHH3MOBt: y 6aKxepia, niKoxopHxi rpH- 
fioBt, yaMe6'B, y ni^KOxopBixt HH^yaopifl h x. h. Ecjh 3io pasMHo- 
acenie o;i;hokji'6xhiix'b opranHSMOB'B h kjl'&xoe'b xofi hjih hhoS xEaHH 
cjioacHaro opraHH3Ma coBepinaexca npocxo nyxeMi npaMoro j^ijienia 
ajiipa H npoxonjia3MH, xo xyxt, no nacxoameMy, xpy;i;H0 roBopnxB o 
pa3BHxiH Bt Hacxoain;eM'b CMHCJii^ 3xoro cjioBa. Ho Bt^iiB xopomo 

H3B*CXH0, TIXO JI,i&JieHie, KaKt OfljHOKJliXHHX'B OpraHHSjlOBt, xaKt H 

ox^^jrBHHXt KJii^xoKt opraHH3Ma MHoroKJii&XHaro, HHor;i;a Hji;ex'B ^pes- 
BBiqafiHO cjio^Ho. Bi xaKHXx> cjiyiaaxt — pi^B eji^btl o xant nasH- 
BaeMOMt Kapio-EHHexHqecKOM'B jifkjieEm KJiixoKt — a;i;po kji^^xkh, 
npeac;i;e ^^m-b pasA'i^JiHXBca Ha ^Ba ji;o^epHHxx a;i;pa, HcntixHBaex'b 
n;ijiHH pa;!;^ BecBMa cBoeo6pa3HHX'B npeBpain;eHi8; ;i;a h caMoe ji^k- 
jienie ero npe^iiCXBajiaexx o^enb saMHCJioBaxyio npoi];eAypy, koxo- 
paa, KaKt yBHji;HMX> ji;ajiBine, Be;i;exca He cnpocxa, a cl bhojih^ onpe- 
ji;ijieHHofi xeH;i;eHn;ieS b-b HHxepecax'B nojiyiaromaroca nocjit xaKoro 
ji;i&jieHia nexoMCxna. Boxt h mohcho, no^ajiyfl, cnpocnxB: ne aBjiaexca 
jiH 3xa nodzomoeumejibnan pa6oxa BHyxpn eji^xkh, codHpaiomeflca 
pacnacxBca na ji;Boe, ^^^m-l-xo anajiorH^HBiMx npoi;eccy pa3BHxia? 
He ecxB-jiH 3xo CBoero po;i;a „BHyxpHEJiixo^HHH ooreHeat". Ecjih 
3X0 xaEi, xo CBa3B Meac;a;y pasMHoaceHieM'B oji.HOEJiixHBix'B opraHH3- 
MOB'B, pereHepaii;ieH h pasBHxiesi'B oprannsMOBx MHoroEJi'fexHBiX'B cxa- 


HEP'BinEHHHff nPOBJIEMLI BIOJIOriH. 179 

HOBHTCfl necoMHi^HH'fee; ecjiH sto teki*, to mh MoaceMt cm4jio cKa- 
saxB, ^TO HtTt OTjiiijibHLix'B HpofijieMT. pasBHTiji, pasMHoacenia o;i;ho- 
KJi^THHXt cymecTB'B H pereHepan^H TKanefi, a cyin,ecTByeTTi jinniB 
OfliHa o6in,aa npo6jieMa, pifenieHie KOTopoS o6e3neHHBaeTi Bcenc^ep- 
HHBaiomee noEHManie Bcix'b BXOAamHxt Bt nee ^acTHHxi npo- 
6jiein>, TaKt co6cTBeHHo h ctohtx btotl BonpocB Bt coBpeMenHoS 
Ciojiorin. Bnpo^eMt, ne 6y;a;eMX 3a6^raTL Bnepefl;^, a o6paTHMCii 
jiyqine Kt ;i;ajibH'feflffleMy HajioaceniK) h aHajiHsy aaHHaiaromnxt nac^ 
cefl^act aBjienifi. 

Perenepaniiii cKasHBaeTca nopoio h nna^e, KaKi* aBjreHie 6ojiie 
HCKjno^HTejiLHoe, HO 3a TO H 6oji^e THna^Hoe, h6o TyT'b oho np^e 
BHpaaseHO. 9to 6y;a;eT'B, TaKt cKasaTB, cjiy^aflHaji pereHepan;m. IIpH- 
Be;i;y HaH6oji^e xapaKTepHHe Bt stomi oTHopieniH $aKTH Hst pas- 

JIHqHHXt KJiaCCOBli aCHBOTHHXli. BOT-L HflTHJiygeBail MOpCKaa 3Bfefl,£k- 

Ootht* HSt Jiy^efi esi cjiy^aHHO OTnaj^aeTt; ho npoxoAHT'b HteoTopoe 
BpeMH, H Ha M'fecT'fe OTopBaHHaro jiyqa BHpocTaeT'B hobhS, cosep- 
meHHO TaKOfi-ace, KaKt h npeacHifi. 9to — THHHqHHfi cjiyqafi Tofl 
^opMH perenepai^iH, o KOTopofi y nact h^oti cefi^iact p-fe^L. Bot'e- 
rojTOTypiH. Ho boji^ sKcnepHMeHTaTopa ona jiHniHJiacL JiiBofl nojio- 
bhhh CBoero oprana jijuxaniH. Oj^naKO, j^nefi ^epesi* 10 — 12, y nea 
^TOT'b HenoqeTt 3aM4ni;aeTca BnoJini: HeAOCTaioni;aa nojiOBHHa ;fl;Hxa- 
TCJiLHaro oprana BHpocTaeT's bhobb. BoTt, HaKOHenit, yjiHTKa, y 

KOTOpoS HO MHJIOCTH KaKOIO-TO JHOdHTOJIH MOJUOCKOBt HO CTajIO ^aCTH 

rojiOBH BMicT-fe CO ni;ynajiBii;aMH h poTOBHMt oTBepcTieMt. Ho no^ 
OTpa^naBHiifi He TepnHTx OTt aToro oco6aro yp6Ha: ^lepest h^ckojibko 
;i;He8 orpLisoHHaa qacTL tojiobh BoscTanoBJiHeTca. no;i;HMajicL BHHie 
no CTyneHHM'B soojiorHHecEofl jiicTHHi^H, mh ho^th BCmjiJ BCTp^- 
qaeaicff ct noji;o6Hi>TMH aBJieniaMH, 6ojii^e hjih MOH^e hbctbohho bh- 
paaceHHHMH. Kto ne snaeTt, HanpHM-fept, ^to MHorie n3% paKOBi 
odjiaj^aiOTt cnocodHOCTLi) BoscTanoBJiHTB cboh Kone^HOCTH h ji;a3Ke 
KJieniHH, yTpaqeHHHH Bt KpoBaBHXt cxBaTKaxi) ct BparaMH? ^to y 
jifHoroHoaceKt h jiHqHHOK'B HiKOToptixx HaciKOMHXt TaKace BHpo- 
<5TaH)TTE» BHOBB yTepHHHHa Ho^eMy jih6o HoacKH H ni,ynajiBn;H? Hto, 
HaKOHen.'B y MHorHXT> aM$H6ifl perenepaniia npoanjiaeTca nopoK) 
npocTO saM^TiaTejiBHo? „CnajijiaHi^aHH oTp^sajii hope h xbocti» 
o;i;hoS h Tofi-ace cajiaMaHj^pife 7 past no;!;^ pa;!;^, a Bonne ^aace 
8 past, H Bt KaacfliOMt cjiyqa^ EoneqEOCTH B03o6HOBJiajrHCL KaKi^ 
past HO aMHyTHpoBaHHOH qepT^, npn qent ne 6iJjio nnqero He;i;o- 
CTaion];aro h nnqero HSJinniHaro. Y poACTseHHaro cajiaMaH;i;pi acHBOff- 
earo, aKCOJiOTa, 6Bijia OTKymeHa o;i,Ha Kone^HOCTL, KOTopaa BOcnpoHS- 
BejiacB Bt HenopMajiLHOMt cocToaniH, ho Kor;i;a ee OTpfeajiH, to 
BMi^cTO Hea BBipocjia BHOJiH^ pasBHTaa KOHeqHOCTB." *) 9th caMHe 
aKCOJiOTEJ a TaKace h tphtohh BocnpoH3Bo;n;aTX bhobl ne tojibko 
xboct'b h aanEH, ho ;a;aace aca6pi»i h rjiasa (Jtejiaact). CpeiHH npecMHr 


*) Jfapeitm, ITaHreHesncB. 

12* 


180 . pyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

KaK)in,Hxcff cnocofiHOCTb pecTaapHpoBaTL yTpa^eHHua ^acTH Tijia 
Ha6jiioji;ajiacL jthhib y ofiHKHOBeHflHxt amepHii'b, BoacTaHOBjraiomHX'B 
cBofi xBOCTt. y nTHni'B TaKoro pofl;a pe^eHepa^ifl ho^th He 3aMi- 
^ajiacL, H e^iiBa jih ne e;a;HHCTBeHHHft cjiy^afi noKa onHcant 6uATy 
BeficMaHOMt: OHt yTBepacj^aeTt, ^to y_ o;n;Horo aacTa Bupocjia bhobl. 
cjiv^afiHO OTJiOManHaa ?acTB KJiioBa. Ho oco6eHHO JiH)6onHTHH Th^ 
CJiy^aH pereHepaii,iH, Koxopne aa nocJitfl,Hee Bpeiifl Ha6jiioii;ajiHCB y 

H^KOTOpHXt MJieKOnHTaiOin.HX'B, y COfiaKH, KOinKH, KpOJIHKa H KptlCH. 

PH66epTi, loTponn^, MapTHHOTXH, MeScxep't h Apyrie aKcnepHMeH-- 
TaTopti OTKpLijiH y BfcimeynoMffHyTHXt shbothbixi cnoco6HOCTb bo3- 

CTanOBJIflTB H^KOTOpBie BHyTpeHHie OpraHH H31 COXpaHHBfflHXCa BS 

H^jiocTH y^acTEOBi. TaKt OKasajioct, qio y co6aKH, KpojiHKa k 
KomKH neqeHL HHor;i;a B03o6HOBjraeTca H3i OTpi^sKa Bt qexBepxyio 
ji;ojiK) HopMajiBHofl BejiHqHHH no npomecTBin HicKOjitKHxt He;n;tjii>. 
EcjiH aKCTHpnnpoBaTL y co6aKH noAacejiy^o^Hyio asejiiay, ocxaBHBinBr 
HexpoHyxofi JiHinB He6ojiBinyK) ^acxB ea, xo coxpaHHBmiftca b:b n;^- 
jiocxH oxp'feaoE'B cnoco6eH'B, no Hcxe^ieHiH onpej^ijieHHaro cpoKa, 
ji;onojiHHXL He;i;ocxaK)in;yio ^acxB. TaK'B-ace Mosexi B03CxaH0BHXBCii 
H cjnoHHaa saeji^sQ, y KpojiHKa, ;a;aace Bt x-fext cjiyqaaMX, KOrji;a SKcne- 
pHMenxaxop'L ocxaBJUiext HenoBpeac;i,eHHOK) Bcero jiHmB o;i;Hy mecxyio 
ji;ojiH) ea h y^ajraex-L bbcl ocxajiBHOH KycoKi. Ho ^xo oco6eHHO' 
saM^^iaxejiLno, xaK'B axo naCjiiojiiaBfflaiica y KpHCB cnoco6HOcxi> boc- 
iipoH3BOfl,HXB BHOBb ^acxB MycKyJl06^ cepdi^a. (JlejiQMh). He Kima.eTL- 
npH6aBHXB, qxo npncymaa acHBOXHHMt h ;i;affie pacxeniaMt cnoco6- 
HOCXB sajKHBjraxB paHH (py6D,eBaHie) oxHOCHXca no cymecxBy k'k 
xojiLKO ^xo paacMOxp-feHHOMy xHny pereHepai],iH. 

HandojAe apKHMi>, xaKt CKasaxL H^eajibHHMTE», npoaBjienieMX pe- 
reHepai].iH nyacHO c^nxaxt t^ cjiy^an, Kor;i;a ne uj^Jioe B03cxaH0BJiaexi> 
Hefl;ocxaioiij;yK) ^acxL, a, Hao6opoxx>, jiH)6ofi hsx. oxpisKOBt ^tJIa^a 
B03C03ji;aexi hojihocxlk) caMO n;^Jioe. 06a HHBBia ii,apcxBa npHpofl,Bi 
Moryxt ;n;ocxaBHXb BecBMa odnjifcHLifl Maxepiajix» js^jia. HJiJiH)cxpaii,iH 
9xofl j^HBHoft cnoco6HOcxH. Bo3BMHxe He6ojiLmoe pacxeHBHi];e, mox-b^ 
no HMOHH Puiaria hygrometrica, HCKpomnxe ero na MejKie Kyco^iKH 
H pacKH;3;afixe hxx na BJiaacHyio no^By: noctBt o6a3axejiBHO B3ofl- 
inext — Kyco^KH Mxa ^affyxTt soBoe h ji;obojilho MHoroHHCJieHHoe noKO- 
ji-fenie ^ynapiS. Ty-me ncxopiio mohsho noBxopnxL h cx» JincxoMt 
fieroHin, paapisannHMt na MHoacecxBO MejiKHXx> qacxefi: KajK;i,BTt 
ox;i,ijiBHBiH y^acxoKT) ;n;aex'B no^Ky, cnocofinyio npeBpaxHxtca Bt- 
HOBHfi aKseMnjrapt fieroHin. H coBepnreHHO xaKt ace, paap-feaaa BtxBB- 
HBH Ha MejiKie ^epenKH, ne xpy;i;HO BHpocxnxL nax. axHXt ^epsHKOB'B 
ji;ecaxKH. n coxhh hobhxx, hbx,. Cpe^H hchboxhlixx> axa cnoco6HocxB 
oco6eHHO CHJIBHO BHpaffieHa y xaKt HaatiBaeMBixt rojiHxi nojinnoBX- 
(aKXHHiH) H y 3HaMeHHXo3 np-fecHOBO^iiHOH rn^pH, caMoe naaBanie 
Koxopofi CBH^i^xejiLcxByeTt KaKt 6hJ o xeH^eHii,iH k-b 6e3CMepxiior 
KaKi oxptaoK-B OX'S x^jia aKTiiHin cnocoSent npeBpaxnxLca bx HOByio 
aKXHHiH), xaK'L-ace h jiio6oh nsi kjio^kobI) rHji;pH ne yMHpaexob, a* 


EBP-BinEHHWil nPOBJIEMH BIOJIOriH. 181 

• 

npeofipaayeTca b'b noByio rH;i;py, j^oKasMBaa t^^mi caMKM'B-; ^to 
^wb odAadaeym ceoucmoaMu v,7hJiazo u monno UMTherm 6^ aanactb 
eee, xapanmepnoe djiH i^TbAazo. Jaace OTopBaHHOe y rH;a;pH mynajibii;e 
MoaceTi HHofl past nepepojiiHTLCJi b-b rH;i;py — ^aKTB Jiio6onHTHi>ifi 
yaje no o;ii;HOMy TOMy, ^to hhkto eni,e ne bji]i,'^ji%, ^706%, HanpHMipt, 
XBOCTt, OTptaaHHBiS y amepHii;Bi, Mort 6h npeBpaTHTBca Bt HOByio 
amepHi^y. Mg'mjij skhbothmmh, cToamHMH na cpaBHHTejiLHO 6oJiie 
BbicoKofi CTyneHH pasBHTiii, tojilko Hi&KOTopHe bh;i;u rtepBefi o6jia- 
j^aioTt TaKOK) ace cnocofiHocTLio npoH3Boji;HTi> ii;^Jioe h3i» ^lacxn; h 
oco6eflHo p-fesKO 3Ta xen^iieHniia BLipajKena y HiKOTopHXt njiocKHxt 
iiepBefl (nJianapiH). Ecjih paspisaiL t§jio njianapiH noneperL, to 
064 nojiOBHHKH ;a;onojiHaT'B He^iiocTaiomia hmx ^acin: rojiOBHofl Koseiii'L 
BOcnpoH3Beji;eT'L XBOcTOByio nacTB, a y 3aji;Haro OTp'isKa BHpocTeT-b 
rojiOBa. $aKT'b btot-b 3acjiyacHBaeT'L oco6eHHaro BEHManiji, h6o y 
jsj^jTHTh ^epBefi, nanp. y o6BiKHOBeHHaro ^oacAeBoro ^epBa, tojilko 
rojioBHofi oTpifesoKt o6jiaji;aeT:B cnocofinocTBio bhobb otpocthtb ceSt 
XBOCTt, Tor;i;a KaKt XBOCTOBan nacTB BCKop*6 norndaeT'B. Hepe^HC- 

JieHHfclX^ TOJIBKO ^TO THHHqHMX'B npHMtpOBt B0Cnp0H3BeffeHia CB 

HacB ^ocTaTO^HO. Pa3Bi& npHSaBHMB BOT^ HTo: HOBMiniff HSHCKanm 
BajiL6iaHH iiOKa3HBaioTB, ^to bb KJiacci^ npocT^fluiHX'B ojajHOKJ-feT- . 
Htixx acHBOTHHXt, Hanp. y HH$y3opifl, aBJienm noJiHofi pereHepai],iH 
TaKHce HK^JOTL MicTO. Kor;i;a BajiB6iaHH jijhJiEJi'h HH$y3opiK) na ^acTH, 
TO Eaac;a;H8 OTpiaoKX ea:, e^h nomopoM^ aaKAtonaAocb ujiu eee ndpo 
ujiu, no npauneiX MTbpn^ uaemb ezo, BBipocTajTB fl;o pasM^poBi i^ijiaro 
H CTaHOBHJica TaKHMB odpasoM^ HacToani;efl HH$y3opiefi. 

Bci 3TH OntlTBI BBJKHLI He CTOJIBKO CaMH UO Ced-fe, CKOJIBKO HO 

TOMy sna^eHiK), KOTopoe ohh HM-feroTB ji^Jisi ocB-fen^eHiH ii;'fejiaro pjijiia 

npOI^eCCOB'B BnOJIH-fe 06h^HHX'B H HOpMaJILHHX'B KaKB Bt pacTHTejiL- 

HOMi, TaKt H BB acHBOTHOMB niapcTfii. Kor;i;a KaKaa-HH6yji;B hht- 
TiaTaa BOAopocjiB pascuuaeTCff na MHoacecTBO oT^iitJiBHHX'B kji^tokb, 
HS'B KOTopwxB Kaac^^aJi, nymeM'b noejirbdoeame^buux^ dibjieniii, bhobb 
BHpocTaeTB ;i;o pa3M'fepoB'B HHT^aTofl Boji;opocj[H H npio6p^TaeTB 
bc'B xapaKTepHHa oco6eHHOCTH ea, to, cnpamHBaeTca, ^to 3to TaKoe, 
KaKB He pereHepaAiH, B03CTaH0BjieHie i^tjiaro H3b ^lacTHV A Kor;i;a 
Kaac;i;Bifi otj^^^jibkhS ^jiohb bt» KO-iOHiH hojikhobb ji;tJiHTCH na A^oe, 

H nOJIOBHHKH 3TH BHOBB CTaHOBHTCa I^JjIHMH HOJIHnaMH, — pa3Bi MH 

EM-feeMB j^tjio OHflTB-TaKH He CB pereHepai].ie&, TOJIBKO ne HCKyccTBeHHO 
BusBaHHoft BOJieio 3KcnepHMeHTaTopa, a coBepmeHHO HopMajiBHOio? 
Jl^pyran KaTeropia $aKTOBB He Meni^e yKp-fenJiaoTB nacB bb toh 

MHCJIH, ^TO H paCTOHifl H aCHBOTHMil n0JIB3yi0TCa CnOC06HOCTBID B03- 

cTanoBJieHiff, KaKB BecBMa cno;i;pyqHHMB cpeji;cTBOMB bb ^'fejit paa- 
MHOKenia. Ho BceMy T^Jiy jiK)6oro pacTeHis to Tai^fB, to 3;i;4cb pa3- 
6pocaHH rpynnbi KJi-feTo^eKB, ofipasyiomnxB ho^kh, H3B kotophxb 
pasBHBaiOTca noBua Heji;4jiHMHa. H coBepmeHHO Toace Haxoji;HMi mbi 
y MHorHXB acHBOTHHXB, — y KHHie^HO-nojiocTHBixB, y MinaHOKB, y 
acii.Hji;ifl H ji;aace y H-feKOTopuxB nepBefl. Cnoco6HOCTB hojihuob-b 


182 pyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

pasMHoacaTBCff npn noMomir noTieKt o6m,en3BicTHa. Ka^Aan xaKair 
no^Ka^npejiiCTaBJiHeT'E co6ok) KOMnjieKCt KJiiTOKt, Hst KOTopHxt h 
co3;i;aeTca i],i^jioe: ^ b-l nefi, cTajio 6htb, HMiioTca Ha jihii;o Bcfe ]i,SLnEua, 
Heo6xo;a;HMtia j^jisi oOpaaoBaiiifl saKOH^eHHoft $opMiii AtJiaro. TaKia-ae 
no^KH Moryxt noaBHTLca h na JiK)6ofi ^acTH T^Jia KaK0fl-HH6y;a;t 
KOJiOHiajiBHOH rHj^poMe^ysH. H saMt^aiejiBHo, ^xo 3th ho^kh paa- 
BHBaiOTCfl He TOjiBKO Ha CTBOJiHK'fe rHApoMe;i,y3H, HO BpeMesaMH H 
Ha KopHeBHXt OTnpHCKaxt ea (na xaKt HasHBaeMHXt cxojioHaxt), 
KOxopHe o6HKHOBeHHO Hecyxt cjiyac6y opraHOB'B npHKpinjieHifl ]i,jisi 
Bcefi KOJioHiH H, cjrtfl.OBaxejii>HO, ne npe;i;Ha3HaHeHH j[,jia n;ijieH 
pasMHoaceniii: $aKxi jnofioHLixHHS Bt xoMt oxHomeniH, ^to noKa- 
SHBaex-B, KaKi> chocoShocxl BOscxanoBJieHiff coxpanaexcff bo Been 
cBoeft nojiHoxt 3;aa£e bx> cjiy^aax'B cpaBHHxejiLHo p'fesKo BHpaaceHHOH 
;n,H$$epeHii;ian.iH. \ 

HxaKt, oKasHBaexcfl, ^xo ^lii^jieHie h noqKOBanie, 6y;a;yTiH oco- 
6hmh (|)opMaMH pa3MH03EeHia, na caMOMi ^.iji^ noKoaxca na xofl ace 
caMoS cnoco6HocxH, Koxopaa OKpemieHa Bt nayKi HMeneMt perene- 
pai].iH. 9x0 ^Hcxo aainHpHqecKoe o6o6n;eHie aojikho inajiLHie nafixH 
ce6i xeopexH^ecKoe oStHCHenie. 

CjiH^HMt xenept Bci xpn $opMH pereHepaii,iH h noOMOxpHMt^ 
KT) KaKOMy oSmeMy BHBOji;y 9xo nacB npHBej^ext. 

Mbi bh^^jih, tixo noqxH Bct opraHH3MU o6jiaji;aK)xi cnoco6HOCXLii> 

B03CXaH0BJIflXL XKaHH, COCXaBJieHHHil H31) oduopoduuX'b KJliXOKt; MH 

BHfl.i^jiH 3axtMX», gxo HHor;i;a 3Xa cnoco6HOCXB Hjtexx ropa3fl;o ;n;ajiLnie 
H npoflBjiflexcji KaKt xeHAeHn;ia BocnpoH3BOAHxi> m-fejiyio K0M6HHan;iK> 
jpasnopodnux'h mnaneUy cjioffieHHHXt HSt KJi-fexoKt BecLiia necxoA- 
HMX'L no $opMi^ H no oxflpaBjieHiflMt: na Micx-fe oxopBannaro y 
yjiHXKH mynajiLi^a kji-j^xeh Bjiipyrt npaxo^axx* Bt ^iaxeJiLHOCTL, 
ycHJieHHO pa3MHoacaK)xcfl, odpasyioxx* He6oJiLmo8 fiyropoKX), cocxa- 

BJieHHBlft H3Xi 9JieMeHX0Bi, O^eHL CX0Ji;HHX:fc CX> 3M6piOHajILHHMH 

KJitxKaMH, H, HaKOHer^'B, B03co3Aaiox'B He xojiBKO ni,ynajiLn,e, ho h 
cH^amiS na BepxyniKt ero rjia3%, KOxopHft, KaKT. H3BicxH0, co- 
cxoHxt Hst BecBMa pa3jrHqHfcixx> rncxojiorHqecKHx^fc ajieMenxoBt — 

H3X» nepBHLIX'B H HHrMeHXHhlX^ KJI-feXOKX*, HS-L JIHH3H, SpHXeJIBHHXt 

najio^eKi h x. , n. H pasBt, rjiH;i,ff na axoxt cji03EHBifi npoi^eocB, 
npn KoxopoMt acHBOXHoe bhobb noBxopaexx> Hi^KoxopHa cxa^in 
CBoero oHxorenesa, mli He MoaceMt cKasaxB cjiOBaMH Ock. TepxBHra, 
qxo jiejKan];iii na M^cx-fe oxopnaHHaro ^jiena KJiixKE, „KpoM^ oco- 
6hsxi> KaqecxB'B, Koxopuii ont hm^iox'b coo6pa3HO cb cbohmx> nepBO- 
Ha^ajiBHBTMX) nojioaceHieM^ h oxHomenieMB ki n.'fejioMy, o6jiadaiom'h 
eu/^e ceoUcmeaMU VfTbJiaio^ 6jiaroAapH ^ewy h MoryxB o6pa30BaxB 
no^Ey H B03cxaH0BHXB yxpa^eHHBTfl MacxH x^jia, HM-feiomifl cneriH- 
$H^ecKyK) $opMy h necBMa cjioKHoe cxpoenie?" *) Mh BHji;^jiHy 


*) 0. repnwuii. CoBpeMeHHMfl cnopnufl npo6jieMH 6iojioriH. npe<J)opMan,iH 
HJiH annreHesi)? 


HEP-BinEHKHa HPOBJIEMH BIOJIOriH. 183 

HaKOHeii.1, HTO y HiKOTopHX'B JKHBOTHHXt H pacTeHifi OTpifesaHHue 

OTh T^Jia KVCKH MOryT'B nO-IHOCTBH) B03C03;a;aTL BeCL OpraHH3Mt CO 
BCiMH npHCymHMH BMJ XapaKTepHHMH 0C06eHH0CTaMH, H ^TO 3Ta 

cnoco6HOCTL CKa3HBaeTCH, KaK'b wk^no o6u^Boe h saKOHHoe, npn 
pasMHoaceHiH acHBOTHHxt H pacieHifi nyieMi, ^-fijieHifl h no^iKOBaHia; 
a noTOMy Heo6xoJ^HMO npHsnaxL, ^ixo y Bcfext TaKHXt opraHHSMOBt 
ecjiH H He Kaacji;aff hx-l KJi-feiKa b'b ota^jilhocth, to, no KpafiHefi 
sitpi, BecBMa MHoro^HCJieHHHe KOMnjieKCH eji^tokI), pa3CHnaHHHe 
no BceMy T^iiy, ^oSjia^^aioxt CBoflcTBaMH n;ijiaro", co^epacaTi bi> 
ce6i B'b cKpHTOM'B cocToaniH Bcfe xapaKTepHMfl oco6eHHOCTH n;4- 
.laro, KaKt 6y;i;T0 oh§ — ne cocxaBHHe sjieMenxH pa3JiHTiHHX'B, pfeKO 
ji;H$$epeHn,HpoBaHHHX'B TKanefi, a nacxoan^ia sapodumeeun njiTbrnnu. 
Kone^HO, 3to cxo^jjctbo pasjiH^HHXi rHcxojiorH^ecKHXt sjieMenxoBt 
c/B 3apo;i;HmeBBiMH KJifoKaMH o6HapyacHBaexcH ^^ajieKO ne y Bcixx 
opraHHSMOBt. Ho tixo-hi H3'b 3xoro? Kxo bosbmoti na ce6a npaBO 
BHBOjiiHXB Es-B 3Toro $aKxa 3aKJiio^eHie, fiy^TO pa3Hopo;a;HBiii KJiixKH, 
nanp., bhchihx'b acHBOXHLixTb h bt. caMOMt ji,^jit ne CKpHBaioxt B'B 
ce6'fe „cBOHCTBt n,^jiaro"? He npaBHjiBH'fee jih 6y;i;exi>, wh BHjuy 
mnpoKaro pacnpocxpaneHia aBjienifl perenepai^iH B'B oprannsoBan- 
Hofl npnpoji;*, npe;i;nojioacnxB, hxo b'b KJi^xKaxt bhcdihxi jkhbot- 
HHX'B cBoflcTBa n;^jiaro ne to ^to bobco ne cyn^ecTByiOT'B, a j^pe- 
MJiioT'B no;!;^ cny^noMi cnen;iajiBHHX'B oco6eHHOCTefl sthx'b KJiixoKT*, 
H CHjia B03C03ji;aBaTB n,tjioe ocxaexca 6e3t npHM^Henia, noxoMy 
xojiBKO, ^xo sxHMt KJi^XKaMi HyaiHO BecxH Ha Bctx'b napaxi* cbok) 
co6cxBeHHyio, n,exoByH) pa6oxy? „no^eMy poroBwa kji-Stkh npo- 
HSBO^axt XOJIBKO poroBHfl KJiixKH, a He 3apoji;Hniefl h ho^kh"? 
cnpaniHBajiT) eni;e snaMeHnxBifl $H3iojior'B loran^ MioJiJiep'B. ^8xo, — 
OTBtnaJii ohx, — MoacexTb saBHc^iB oxt> xorb, ^ixo 3xh kji^xkh, xomn 
u eodepofca^m cujiy djifi eocnpouseedenin ^thjiazo^ ho ^epes'B cne- 
i^iaJiBHoe npeBpameHie hxb BeEi;ecxBa bb port h x. n. ncnHXHBaiox'B 
xaKoe OTaroni;eHie, ' ocTaBaacB bb opraHH3M^&, ^to TepaioT'B BCKopi 
CBOK) BOcnpoH3Bo;iiHTejrBHyio CHJiy h, ynnpaa, cryni;HBaK)xcff, a 6yfl;yTiH 
OTfl.^&jieHBi oxx opraHH3Ma, ne MoryxB pa3BHXBCii b'b i^ijioe". (I^hxh- 
pyio no KHHri TepxEHra „KjiifexKa h xKaHH"). 

9xoxi rayfioKo co;iiepa[aTeJiBHBifi otb^xi lor. MioJiJiepa naxoj^nx'B 
ce6i nowepacKy h b'b ;a;aHHBix'B h^&ckojibko hho2 Kaxeropin. MoacHo 
npH3flaxB 3a o6iii,ee npannjo, ^xo y acHBoxHHXB, o6jiaji;aK)n;HX'B 
Boo6fflie cnocofiHOCxBK) BoscxaHOBjiaxB yxpa^eHHLiff ^acxH, 3xa cno- 
co6hoctb HanpaBJiena npeofcde ecezo na B03o6HOBJieHie xixB opra- 
HOB'B, KOxopBie oco6eHHO no;i;BepjKeHLi yxpaxi h noBpeacjiieHiaM'B bo 
BpeMfl: Bca^ecKHX'B acHxeScKHX'B nepej^par'B (Jl^apBHH'B). CxaJio 6bixb, 
xaitt'B, Tji^t B% HHxepecax'B 6opb6h h noji;6opa kji^xkh jiiojiacHH 6HjrH 
yuepacaxB npn ced-fe hojihocxbio chocoOhocxb pereHepan;iH, xaMX* 
cHJia HX-B He noMepKJia OKonnaxejiBHO, xaMi fliaace cnei^iajiBHHa 
$yHKn,iH BXHX'B KJiixoK'B He cyniJiH sarjiyniHXB ckjiohhocxh kx 
B03cxaHOBJieHiio. OxcK)ji;a yacB mohcho c;i;i&jiaxB . h ^pyro8, fiojii^e 


184 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

o6in,i& BHBo;^!,, a hmghho: pasjiH^HHa KxiTo^Hua rpyauH BHcmnxt 
ajHBOTHHxt, xoTH H coinepasaT'B cHJiy ji,Jis{ BocnpoH3Befl;eHia mi^jiaro, 
HO He nycKaioTi ee b'b xojut oT^acTH noiOMy, ^to aczBOTHHa 3th 
nojiBsyiOTca Bt 6opL6t sa cymecTBOBanie hhhmh cpeACTBaMH 3a- 
ntHTH, KOTopBiff rapaHTHpyioTt ewl n;tjrocTi> cTOJib-ace ycnimno, 
KaK-i H cnoco6HOCTL BocnpoH3Befl,eHia. 

Bee cKasaHHoe s^^cb.o HacTHHXt cjiy^aax'b pereHepaii;iH nosBo- 
jiaeTt HaMt npH;i;TH Kt mhcjih, KOTopyio xaKi npeKpacHO BHpa3HJi'L 
eme Cnencepx bi» CBOHxt „Ocno^aHiHx^ 6iojioziu^. OcxaHaBjiHBaa 
BHHManie ^JHTaxejiefl na TaKHX'b aBjreHiaxt, KaKi BOcnpoH3Be;i;eHie 
i^tjiMXt pacTenift h3i> Eyco^KOBi jiHCTa 6eroHin h HOBHxt 3K3eM- 
njiapoBt rH;i;pH H3t 0Tp'fe3K0B'B ea, Cnencept npofliOJiacaeTB:„ Mh 
He MoaceM'b cKa3aTL, Tro6H Bt Kaac;a;o8 ^acTH JiHCTa 6eroHiH h Bt 
Kaacj^oMt KycKt x^jia rH;i;pLi cymecTBOBajia Bnojini pa3BHTaa MOfl;ejri> 
n,^jiaro opraHH3Ma..i HyacHO, cji-fej^oBaTejiBHO, npH3HaTL, ^to acHBHa 
^acTHn;H, cocTaejiaiomia ofl;HH'B h3i TaKHXt KycKOBX, hm^iotx Bpos- 
;i;eHHyK) ckjiohhoctb pacnojaraTtca b'b ^opjsiy opraHH3Ma, ort koto- 
paro. ohh npoHcxo;n;aTi>... Scho laiuKe, ^to, o6i>acHaa TaKHM'B o6pa- 
30MT. BocnpoH3Be;i;eHie oprannsMa HSt o^hoA KaKofl-JiHfio amop^Hoft 
ero ^acTH, mh ;i;ojiacHH to^ho laKace o6'LacHaTL h BOcnpoH3Be;i;eHie 
BcaKoft MejiKofi ^acTH opraHH3Ma ocTajiLHHMH ^acTaMH. Kor;i,a bm^cto 
CBoeS OTopBaHHofi KJieniHH paKt BHnycEaeT'b na tomx ase MicT-fe 
KJi^T^aTyio Maccy, KOTOpaa, paspocTaacL, npHHEMaeTt $opMy h 
CTpoenie npeacnefl KJiemHH, mh ne MoneMi ne npnnHcaTL aToro 
pe3yjiLTaTa npoaBJieHiio CHjit, no;i,o6HHX'B x-feM-B, KOTopna ^opMyioT'B 
MaxepiajiH, co^epacamieca b'b KycKi^ JiHOTa 6eroHiH, b:b MOJio;i;oe 
pacTenie. KaKt bx xoMt, xaKt h bte, j^pyroMt cjiy^a-fe, oacHBOXBO- 
peHHHa TiacxHi];H, cocxaBJiaiomia xKann, npe;ii;cTaBJiaK)X'B ckjiohhocxb 
KX oco6eHHOMy pacnoJioffiieHiK) — ece paeuo, Sydem'h jiu 9ma enjion- 
Hocmb oduapyowueanibCH o'b eocnpouseedeniu i^rbjiou (popMU uau 6% 
nonojiueuiu en uedocmamKoe^" . (KypcHBi* nam^). 

Ho aBJienia pereHepaii;iH mh nnxajiHCB cBasaxB cl o;i;Hofi cto- 
poHH ct aBJieniaMH 3M6pioHajii>Haro pa3BHTia, a cl ;ii;pyrofi — c^ 
xaKHMH npoi],eccaMH pasMHoacenia, KaKt jutjienie h no^KOBanie; 
caMo-ace 3M6pioHajiLHoe pa3BHxie necoMH^SHO Haxo;i;Hxca bx CBa3H 
CB pa3JiHqHBiMH $opMaMH pa3MH0ffi;eHia. 9xa H;i;ea o BHyxpeHHeS 
rjiy6oKoft CBa3H Meac;i,y pa3JiHqHHMH 3EH3HeHHHMH npoii,eccaMH 
KpacHOH) HHXBK) Hpoxo^^Hxt HGpes'L npoH3Be;i;eHia BCiXli BHjtaio- 
mHxca HaxypajiHcxoBi MHHyBmaro cxojiixia. „Me3K;n;y BOcnpoH3Be- 
^enieMt, nyxeMt ;fl;^jieHia, h 3aacHBJieHieMi» caMaro MaJiaro noBpeac- 
ji;eflia, — roBopnx'B JapBEHi, — MoacHO BcxaBHXL xaKofi noJiHH2 pa^t 
npoMeacyxo^HHXt CTyneneft, ^xo nejibsa ycoMHHXLca bx csasH 
Meac;i;y o6ohmh npoAeccaMH... Pa3JiHqHHa $opMH noHKOBania, nojio- 
Boro pa3MHoaceHia, BOScxanoBJieHia noBpeaK;i;eHifl h, HaKonei^x, pa3- 
BHTia, Bct no cymecxBy npej^cxaBjiaioTX pesyjiLxaxH o^hoh h xoS-ace 

CIIOC06hOCXH"... „TaKHMl, ofipaSOMt mh BHJIiHM'B, — rOBOpHXl OH-L B1> 


nEP^niEHHBiii np(jpjiEMH BiojioniJ. 185 

^pyroMt M-J^CT*, — ^TO nojiOBoe pasMHO^eHie ;i;McTBHTeJiLHO ne otjih- 
^aeTca cymecTBeHHO oxt fiesnojiaro, h 6hjio yace noKasano, ^ito 
6e3nojioe pasMHoaseHie, cnoco6HOCTL BoscxaHOBjieHiji h «noco6HocTL 
pasBHTiff — Bce 3to flBjiaeTCH qacxaMH o;i;Horo h Toro-ace BejiHKaro 
BaKOHa". (naHreHesHCL). 

TaKOBo HayHHoe credo BejiHKaro fiiojiora. OcxaeTca oxMixnxB, 
^xo HueH ;i;pyroro BejiHKaro HaxypajiHCxa, na axoxi past (|)H3iojiora, 
BHOJTHi rapMOHHpyKx^ Ch ocHOBonojioaceHiaMH axoro credo. „CHHxe- 
TH^ecKifi aKXT>, — roBopnxi Kjio^i Bepnapi., — KOxopuM-B opraHESMt 
noTOep^HBaexi, ce6a, Bt cymHOciH cBoefl cxoi^ent ct xiMt aKxoMX, 
nocpe;a;cxBOM'B Koxoparo ohtb opranHByexca: bx» afin;^. Bxoxt aKxi 
TaKace noxoacx na xoxt nponieccE, nocpe;i;cxBOMt KOXoparo opra- 
HH3M'E nonpaBjiaex'L ce6a nocjii KaKoro-HH6y;^i> nopaneHiff h HsyB-fe- 
Taenia. Hapocxanie, EHpocxanie bhobb, cpocxanie, BaacHBJieHie npe^i;- 
cxaBMioxt pasJiH^HHe bh;i;h o^Horo h xoro-ace SBJieHia opranHsyio- 
maro cHHxesa hjih opraHH^ecKaro C03H;i;aHia" *). 

9xH H3;eH BoiDJiH Bt coBpeMeHHyio fiiojioriK), KaEi* He3H6jieMHe 
TesHCH. Bci^ HaH6ojii&e BH^Hwe npe^cxaBHxeJiH axofi nayKH j^epasaxca 
Toro MHinia, ^xo necxpHfl kocxiom:b, bi KoxopHfi pa^Hxca acH3Hi», 
o;i;Ha jthhil bh;i;hmocxb, ecjiH He m^ bcSx^, xo, no Kpaflnefi Mipi, 
js,Jisi MHornxt ea npoaBJiemfi, h ^xo e;i;HHoe no cyni,ecxBy neptj^KO 
cKa3HBaexca: KaKt MHoroo6pa3Hoe no $opMi. 

OnHXH^ npoH3Beji;eHHBie ^e-$pH30M'B, re6ejieM'B h rjiaBHHMt 
ofipaBOMt JdefioMt 3HaqHxejiLH0 pacmnpHJiH Kpyn aBJiemfl, xapaKxe- 
pHsyeMHxxi o6ni;HM'B HMeneMt perenepaniiH, h xiMi) caMHM3&, pa3y- 
Miexcff, npe;i;cxaBHjiH HOBoe fl,OKa3axejiBCXBo xofi mhcjih, Koxopaa 
xojiLKO qxo 6Hjra HSJioacena. 

Kor;i;a y cajiaManj^pH na Micxi oxpiBanHofl hofh nHpocxaext 
Hora, a BBaM'feHt oxopBannaro XBOcxa o6pa3yexca onaxB-xaKH xBocxt, 
xo ^ejiOB^Kx, 3HaK0MHfi cx, ABjieHiaMH pereHepaii,iH, He yBH;i;Hxx bi 
axHxt $aKxaxi HHqero HeofiH^aSnaro. . Ho ecjin 6h xawx, rji;^ y 
caj[aMaH;i;pLi dujia nora, Bj^pyrt BHpoct xbocx'b, a na M-fecxi^ XBOCxa 
ofeaBHJiacB Hora, xo axo noBeprjio 6u bx> Hej^oyMiHie ;i;aace o^eHt 
Ha6jiio;i;axejiBHaro h cB']^;I;y^^a^o ^ejiOBi&Ka. M6i> oKpecxEJit xaKoro 
HMeHHO poji;a $aKXH odiUHMt HMeneMt lemepoMop^oaa (Je-$pH3'B 
Ha3HBaexx» nxt Bt npnM'feHeHiH Kt pacxeniaMX* duxozenieu). npaBji;a, 
Bt ontixaxt JIe6a ^HrypnpoBajiH b'l KanecxBt aKcnepHMCHxajiLHaro 
Maxepiajia ne cajiaMaH^pLi, a rjraBHHMt o6pa30M'L pasjiHqHHa pacxe- 
Hia H jinniB H^KOxopHe bh;i;h KnmeiiHO-nojiocxHHX'B acHB0XHHXx>; ho 
8X0 hhckojibko He yMajiaexX) 3Ha^eHiii caMHxx> ohbixob-l h xtxt 
BHB0ji;0Bt, Kt KoxopHMt OHH npHBO^flxt. rexepoMop$03'B— HBJieHie 
BecLMa ofiHHHoe cpefl,H pacxeniH. ^epenoKX, BLip^3aHHHH hsx. hboboS 
B-fexBH, KdLKh MH y^e 3HaeM5^, i^aext KopeniKH, BHronaexi MOJioji;i>ie 


*) KAO^^ EepnajpTf. ^HaneHHUH flBjienifl, o6mifl hvhbothhm-b h pacTeniiiM'B. 
KypcB ooii^eft <j)n3iojioriH. 


186 pyCCKOE ^rATCTBO. 

no6irH ct jiHCTBffMH, o6pa3yeTii i^BiTOHHua ho^kh, b-l KOTopuxs 
pasBHBaioTca nojiOBwe npofl;yKTH, cjiobom'e — npeBpamacTca b'b na- 
cTOHmee nojiHoe pacTenie. H TaKt KaKt ^epenoKt mohcho BtiptsaTB 
H3i> JiK)6oro y^acTKa b^^tkh, to OTCioAa cjiifl;yeTi>, qio Kaac;i;oe m4cto 
ea o6jiavii;aeT'b cnoco6HOCTLK) BHroHaiL to KopeniKH^ to jiHCTOCTe- 
6ejiLHHe, TO, HaKOHeii;^, ii;BiTO^HLie no6^rH; TaMt, rfl.'fe b-l o;^HOM'& 
cjiyiiai nojiy^HJiHCL 6h KopHH, Bt ;^pyroMi> — Hapo3EjniaeTca n^iTOKi. 
Jajite H3Bi^CTH0, ^TO KopneBEma KapTO$ejiH oCHKHOBenHO ocTaioTca 
d-fejiHMH H noKpHBaiOTca KJiyfiHHMH. EcjiH-ace cHflTL y KapTo$eji)i 
sejienyio 6oTBy, to fiifejiHii KopneBHma ero BHroHaTi> sejieRusi b^tbh, 
a He Kjry6HH. 9to h ecTB reTepoMop^oat hjih ji;HxoreHia, t. e. cno^ 
co6hoctl opraHHSMa nofl.t BiiaHieMt paBJTHqHHXt ycjiOBift ;fl;aBaTt 
padJiuHHue optanu ua odnoM^ u moMb otce Mfbcmth, — ;a;aa:e TaKie 
opraHH, KOTopue npn nopMajiLEHXt ycjiOBiaxx HHKor;i;a na STOMt 
M^CT^ He o6pa3yK)TCfl: HBOBaa b^tbl, nanpHMi^p'L, npn o6u^Eux'h 
ycjiOBiax^, HHKor;a;a Kopnefi ne BBiroHaeT^. HpHMtp^B cb hboboh 
B-fiTKofi — BeffliL opji;HHapHaff. Sacjiyra JIe6a TyTt jinniB b% tom-b, ^to 
OH'b no;i;iiepKHyji'B CBoeo6pa3HHfl xapaKTept o6BT^Haro ct BH^y 
aBJieHifl H npe|,CTaBHjit ero Bt coBepmeHHO hobom'b cB'i^Ti. Boslmcmx 
^pyroS, 6ojLie ;i;eMOHCTpaTHBHHfi npHMipt hsi pacTHTejiBHaro-ace 
mapcTBa. KaKt HSB-fecTHO, H3X cnopt nanopoTHHKa He cpasy nojiy- 
^aeTCfl HacTOflffliifi nanopoTHHE'L. Cnepna nst cnopH paasHBaeTca 
njiocKoe cjioeBHme, TaK'B nasHBaeiiHS 3apocTOKi»; saT^M.t na 3a- 
pocTKife noflBJiaiOTca, homhmo KopeinKOBT., kotophmh cjioeBHni;e 
yKpi&njiaeTca bx ao^b^, ocofieHHHHe opraHH, — aHTepH;i,iH h apxero- 
hIh; Bt aHTepH;i;iax'B pa3BHBaK)Tca MyHCKie nojiOBHe ajieMeHTH, a 
B% apxeroHiax'B — ^encKie. H T'fe h Apyrie, cospiBmn, Btixo^iaT^ 

HSt CBOHXt BM'feCTHJIHni.'B; aceHCKie 9J[eMeflTH CJIHBaiOTCff ct iiyHC- 
^CKHMH nOJIOBHMH BJieneHTaMH, H HOCJlt 9TOrO KajEJUHH HSt OMOfliO- 

TBopeHHHxt 3apo;i;Hmefi pa3BHBaeTca Bt HacToan^ift nanopoTHHKt. 
Bo BceMt 3T0MI ;a;jia HacT> Bamno hmohho to, ^ito npn ofiHKHOBeu- 
HHXi, HopMajiLHHXt ycjioBiax'L H KopemKH, H aHTepH;i;iH, h apxe- 
roniH pa3BHBaK)TCH na nnoiCHeu Heocetht^ennoU cmopouih sapocmna, 
Ofl;HaKO, sKcnepHMeHTaTopt MoaceTX npn acejiamH BH3BaTL o6pa30Ba- 
Hie Bcix'L BTHXt opraHOBX He Ha HHacHefl, a na eepxueiJb cmopontb 
cjioeeuu^a. Jljisi SToro oh^b ;a;ojiaceH'B saT^HHTt HCKyccTBeHHO BepxHioio 

nOBepXHOCTB SapOCTKa H CHJILHO OCB^&THTB HHSCHfOK). 

He Meni^e jiK)6onHTeH'B aKcnepHMeHT'B ct rH;iipoH;a;HHMT> nojinnoM-B 
Tubularia mesenbryanthemum (acHBOTHoe). Y 8Toro KOJioniajiBHare 
opraHH3Ma pasjiHgaroTT* cTeSejieKT,, KopeHB h tojiobkh nojiEHOBi*. 
CpiaceMt rojiOBKy h KopeHB acHBOTHaro, a CTe6eJieK'B BOTKHeM'b bi> 
necoKi> Toro aKBapiyMa, Bt KOTOpoM'B acHJit nami nojiHrnE.; c^ii^jraesit, 
o;i;HaKO, 3to TaK'B, qTo6H TOTt KOHen;'B CTe6ejiLKa, na KOTopoMt cii- 
;n;i^jia rojiOBKa, o^yTHjica Bt necKt, a ^pyroS KOHer^t, k-b KOTopoMy 
npHKptnjiajica KopeHB, 6hji'b 6u oepanneHt KBepxy. Tor7i;a Ta ^lacTb. 


HEPI&fflBHHHff nPOBJIEMH BIOJIOriH, 187 

cTe6jiff, Tji^^ paHLine Top^ajia rojiOBKa, BHroHHTi* KopeinoKt, a Ha 
KopneBOMt KOHn;^ sHpocTeTt rojiOBEa nojiana. 

IIpHBefl;y ein;e oj^hhi npHMipi> reiepoMopf 03a, oco6eHHO saM-fe- 
^aTeJiBHHS, Ha moh BSOflfl.'B. 06%eET0M'B ji^jiH. aKcnepHMeHTa onaxB 
aBjiaeTca nojinnt, ho yace ja;pyrofi (Cerianthus membranaceus). Ha 
BepxymKt T^Jia sToro nojiHna, BOKpyrt poroBoro OTBepcTia, pacHO- 
jiaraeTor pocKomnwH BiHen;'B nat niiynajrei];^. Cji;4jiaeMi Ha T-fejii 
ero c6oKy, noHHace poTOBoro OTBepcxia paspis'B h nocTapaeMca, 
hto6h Kpan c^ii-fejiaHHaro naMH oTBepcTia He cpocjincB. ^TO-ace npo- 
H30HAeTX? HcKyccTBeHHO cjif^jLSiEEoe OTBepcTie npeo6pa3HTCff Bt 
poTOBofl ;i;hck'l — coBciMt TaKofi, KaKt Toxt, KOTopHMt npHpofl,a 
nafl.tjinjia nojinna; BOKpyr-L btoto HOBoaBjieHHaro pia BHpocTeTi 
Kopona ni;ynajieii,x, h b-l pesyjitTaTi y nact 6y;i;eT'B noJiHHt-ypofl.'L 
ct jsfijusi pxaMH H fl.ByMa sini^aMH xBaxaTejiLHHX'b opranoBt. 

Bcfe 9XH 9KcnepHMeHXH — a no;i;o6HLixx> hmi> ZMiexca ne Majio — 
eme pas-B yd'feac^arox'B nact b-b xom^, ^xo HHorfl;a opraHH3MX mo- 
mevh o6pa30BaxB na pa3JiHq[HHX'B yqacxKaxi. CBoero xi&Jia coBciMt 
He T^ opraHH, KOxopHMi, no BOJii cyiieSt, na axoMi M-fecxt 6hxb 
Ha;ii;jieacHXTb. A Bcfe siBJiemsi rexepoMop$03a, bm^cx^ BsaxHa, no- 
3BOJiaioxi» c;i,i^JiaxL xoxt caMEift BHBoji,^, KOxopHft BHpaaceHt y 
TepxBHra cji'fe;i;yK)ni;HM'B o6pa30Mt: „KjiixKH h xKanH, KpOMt xi&xt 
Ka^iecxB'L, Koxoptia oni odnapyacHBaiox'L corjiacHO co cbohmx, Hop- 
MajiLHHMt noji03KeHieMX» bx, opraHH3Mi, odjiajijaioxx* eni,e MHorHMH 
j^pyrHMH CKpHXHMH Ka^ecxBaME, Koxopua, npo6yac^aacL BCJii^ji;cxBie 
BflimHExt B03;ii;'feficiBifi, ^aioxt o ce6^ 3HaxL o6pa30BaHieMX> opra- 
HOB^ Ha HenpHBLi^HOMX, M-fecxi^. Ho laK'B KaKX», He cMoxpa Ha HO- 

BH3Hy MifeCXa, BHOBB 06pa30BaHHHe opraHH COXpaHiIH)XX» BHOJIHi^ 

Bc^ CBOH xapaKxepHHe npHsnaKH, xo axo roBopHxx> btb nojitsy xoro 
Bsrjifl^a, iixo Bcfe kji^xkh opraHH3Ma co^^epacaxt Ka^ecxna hjih 3a- 
naxKH js^jisi o6pa30BaHiff ni'fejiaro'^. Bxa y;i;HBHxejiLHaa cnoco6HocxB 
KJiixoKi nepexo^HX^B H3t oji;Hofl $opMH Bx> ;i,pyryK), 3xo CBoero 
po^a npeepa^enie njifbmoHHux'b eudoeT} fiujio no;i;MiqeHO e^^e Ejiojii'l- 
BepnapoMX., Koxopufi OKpecxHjix> Bct xaKia aBJienia o6ni,HM'B HMe- 
HOMt KJiihrnoHuaio nojiUMop(pu3Ma, Cyn;ecxBOBaHie KJi'^xo^naro no- 
jiHMop$H3!tta ji;ojiacHO sacxaBHXb chjilho npHsajijMaxLCH Bcfet cjinm- 

KOMt apHXt CXOpOHHHKOBX, y^eHiff 06:fc aBXOHOMin pa3JIHqHHXX» 

XKanefl, nxofliamnxt «t cocxaBt MHoroKJEixnaro opraHH3Ma. Jh^- 
$epeHi];iai^ia KJi-fexoK^ b-l xi^Ji^ BBicoKOopraHH30BaHHaro acHBOXHaro — 
$aKXB HeocnopHMHH. Oji;HaKo, ne cjrifl;yex'B npeysejiHHHBaxB 3Ha- 
^eHie 3xoro $aKxa, ne cjiiji.yex'B roBopnxB o KaKoS-xo hcejiiohh- 
xejiLHOfl cneii,iajiH3an;iH x4xt> hjih hhrxx, •EJiixogHHX'B rpynnt. 

rHCXOJIOrH^eCKH, X. e. no CBOHMt BH4niHHMX> 0C06eHH0CXJIM'B, KJI-J^XKH 

MHoroKJi^xHaro oprannsMa o^chb Hecxo;i;HH. Hecxo;nHH oni la 

no CBOHMX 06uHn'blM'h $yHKI^iOHaJILHHM'B 0C06eHH0CXflMX. Bx» BXOM'b 

CMHCJii OHi&, KOHe^HO, cnen;iajrH3HpoBaHi>i h HcnojiHaiox'b b-b ffiH3HH 
Hijiaro onpe^^jieHH.yio pa6oxy. Ho mohcho-jih yxBep^K^axB, ^xo bh- 


188 PyCCKOB BOrATOTBO. 

JlJiM.ua. nO^t MHKpOCKOnOM'L BHiniHia Ka^eCTBa KJltTOKt CyTB BMi^CT-fe 

CI, Tkwb H eduHcmdeuHUH HXt Ka^ecTBa? Mokho-jih, He onacancb 
BnacTB Bt rpyfioe npeyBejiH^eflie, cKaaaTb, ^to homemo toS pa- 

6OTH, KOTOpyK) paSJIH^HBia KJliTKH HCnOJ[HflK)T'L Wh opraHH3Mi, OHi^ 

He cnoco6HBi he na hto ?i;pyroe? ^aKTu, KaKt mh 9to BE;i;'fejiE, 6e3- 
ycjioBHQ onpoBepraioT'L xaKoe noBepxnocTHoe o6o6meHie. 

npe;^jiaraa BHHMaHiio ^HTaxejiH Bci $aKTH h o6o6meHiH, e3- 
jiOKeHHHa Bt 9To9 rjiaBt, a xot^jii* 6h, ^xofiti oHt bo3mo:pho 
npo^'Hte yKp-fenEJica b-l cjiij[jJojn,eS. mhcjib: npo6jieMa pa3BHTiff 
BKJiioTOeT'E Bt ce6t i^tjiiJiS p^^t ^acTEHXt npo6jieM'B. Ci heme 
;i,oji2KHa ofiasaTejiLHo ciETaTBca BcaKaa xeopia pasBExia, npexeH- 
J^yK)^^;aE Ha pojiB BcxEHHO-nay^Hoft KOHn;enn;iB, b xojilko bi xep- 
MBHaxi axoft o6n^efi, BceoxBaxHsaiomiefi xeopiE Moryxi 6HXb bcxoji- 
KOBaHH xaKie, bb;i;bmo pa3Hopo;i;HHe, ho no cyn^ecxsy cxo;i;HHe npo- 
ii;eccH, KaKt nojiOBoe b fiesnojiee pa3MHoaceHie, perenepania, Bocnpo- 
B3Be;i;enie ii,ijiaro . hsx ^lacxB, rexepoMop$o3'L e oorenesi. 


III. 

„Beci> BonpocL flacjitji;cxBeHHOcxE y^HBExejies^, — roBopax-L 
JI^apBEHt... — ^xo Moacext 6hxb B3yMBxejiBHte xoro oficxoaxejiBCiBa, 
^xo Hteoxopan nycxii^Han oco6eHHOcxB, ne ochobhbim'b ofipasoMt 
cBasaHHaB cb ji;aHHBrM'B bb^^om^, nepe;i;aexcH ^epesi nocpe^^cxBO 

MyJKCKBX'B BJIB MCeHGKBX'B BOJIOBBIX'B lUixOK'B, HaCXOJIBKO MGJIKBXX, 

TTO OH-fe He be;i;bmh npocxHM'B rjiasoMi? SaxiM'B, nyxeMi nenpe- 
pHBHHX'B HSM^HeHifi, B'h xe^eHio npojiiOJiHExejiBHaro npoiiecea pa3- 
BExiff, BcnBTTaHHaro bi yxpo6i& MaxepB ejib BnyxpB flama, axa oco- 
6eHHocxB, HaKOHeu.'B, noiiBjiffexca y noxoMCXBa, ;nocxBrinaro 3pfe- 
jiocxB BJIB ;i;aace nojiHofl cxapocxH, KaK^, nanpEMip'B, b-b cjiy^aax-B 
HfeoxopBixx 6oJi43Hefl! Hjib, ;i;ajiie, Moacexi-jiE 6bixb hxo jib6o 60- 
jiie y;a;BBBxejiBHoe, nesKejiB xoponio y^ocxoBipeaHBiH ^aKxi, ^xo 
'Kpome^Hoe aB^KO xopomefl ji;oflHOH KopoBH npoB3Be;i;exx caMii;a, 
-ojlHa KJiixKa axoro nocji'fe;i;HBro, coeji;HHBBmBCB cb aB^KOMi npona- 
Be;i;exx» caMKy, a ona, ji;ocxErHyB'B spi^JiocxH, fiyji.ex'B odjia-^axB Kpyn- 

HBIMH MJie^HMMB acejI'^SaMH, Ji;OCXaBJIBK)ni;BMH 06BJIBU0e KOJIB^eCXBO 

MOJiOKa, B ji;aace MOjiOKa onpeji;iJieHHaro KaqecxBa" *). 

3;i;'LcB, bb bxext, CJioeaxT, — Bce co;i;epacaHie npo6jieMBi nacjii^- 
cxBeHHOcxH. Eji;Ba-jiB HyncHO ji;0Ka3BTBaxB ox^^jibhrmb $aKxaMB cy- 
mecTBOBanie xoro aBJieHia, Koxopoe bsb^cxho noji.'h EMeneM-B na- 
cji-fe^ilcxBeHHOcxa: ^slktobt, xaK'B mhofo, ohh xaKX pa3HOo6pa3HH h 
HacxojibKO xopomo ilsb^gteu BcaKOMy, kxo ne cobc^mx 6e33a6o- 
xeHT, no ^acxB a^hhhx'b ecxecxBOSHania, ^xo h^x'b Ha^o6HocxH, 
paayMi&exca, nepe^BCJiaxB bxx. Ho JI^apBEHX,, o^eBEji;HO, BM'feex'B b'b 


*) JIlapBHH'B. IIpHpyieHHtifl HtHBOTHua H BOsj^'&jiELBaeMUH pacTenifl. 


HEP^fflEHHtia nPOBJIEMH BIOJOriH. 189 

BHjiiy HBJieHiii HacjiifliCTBeHHOCTH npH nojioBOMi pasMHoaceniH opra- 

HH3M0BT). Ja OHO H BOHflTHO, BO^eMy OHt OCTaHaBJIHBaeTl BHH- 

Manie cbohxx ^HTaxejieft na dTETh HMeHHO aBjieHiaxx: 3ara;i;o^- 
HOCTL Toro npomecca, npn noMOBj.H Koxoparo ji^^tr nacjiiji.yiOT'B 
T* HJiH HHHa xapaKTepHHfl qepTH poji;HTejiefi, oco6eHHO pejite^HO 
BBicTynaeTt npn noJiOBOMi> pasMHoaceHiH. Ho cjii^tyeTt-jiH nat 
3Toro, ^TO Hacji'fe;i;cTBeHHOCTi> npn deanojiOMi pasMHoaKeniH khbot- 
HHxt H pacTGHifi — npH fl;tJieHiH, noHKOBaniH h cnopoodpaaoBaniH — 
Mente sarajijO'iHa? JI,yMaeTc^, ^ito 9to ne coBC^MTb xaKi^ h bot'l 
no^eMy. 

nojioaECHMt, ^TO MH cjii^^HMt 3a fl.tJieHieM'B KaKoro-HH6yji;i> npo- 
cT-fegmaro o;i;HOKJitTHaro opraHH3Ma — aMS6H, jiy^HCTKH, Kopne- 
HoacKH, HH$y3opiH, o;i;HOKJiiTHofl Boj^opocjiH HJiH rpH6Ka. HoKa 
p-fe^B RjujeTb o6i> ynacJit^iiOBaHm eudoeuayh eeoiXeme^y to Tyxt enje 
MoacHO, ct rpixoMt nonojiaMt, npH3HaTB, ^ito yace caMHfl $aKTS 
^litjieHiH MaTepHHCKofi kji^tkh nononaM^, na AB'fe paBHHa fl;o^epHia 
KJii^TKH, wh snaHHTeJiBHofi cTenoHH o6e3neqHBaeTt nepe^a^y npo- 
iHyKxaMt jii^jieHia Bcix'L cyni,ecTBeHHLixi» npH3EaK0B'L j^-fejinmaroca 
opraHH3Ma: bojiobhhkh, mojix, noJiy^aroT-B see xapaKxepsoe ;n;jifl 
B;tjiaro, h noTOMy hotomctbo HH$y3opiH-Ty$ejiBKH coctohtii h3i» 
Ty^ejieKt ace, a ne nst HH$y3opifl-6oM6apji;HpoB'L. Ho KaK-B 6htb 

CB BOnpOCOM-B — Kap^HHaiBHBIM'B Bt A*JI* HaCJI-feACTBeHHOCTHl — 

061 yHacjit;i;0BaHiH undueudyajibHuayh oco6eHHOCTefl, — Hy, laKHXi, 
HanpHM-fepi, KaKi fleoji;HHaKOBaa Bejin^HHa poTOBoft mejiH hjih ne- 
6ojiBinia OTKioHenifl bt* ^HCJi-fe, (|)opMi h pacnojioaceHin picHH^eK'B 
y OT;i;tjiBHHX'B HH$y3opifl ofl;Horo h Toro ace BH;i;a? Hjih nyacHO 
npH3HaTB, ^TO HH;a;HBHJ^yaJILHaa H3MiHqHB0CTB oTcyTCTByeT'B y npo- 
CT'feflniHX'B oiUHOKJi^THHX'B opraHHSMOBt? B-L TaKOMii cjiy^a-fe CTa- 

HOBHTCa COBC^Ml HeflOHflTHOK) HCTOpifl HpoHCXoacfljeHia pa3JiH^HBix:B 

BH;^OBt HH$y3opifl, KopneHoaceKx, pa3JiHqHHX'B bhji;ob'b oji.HOKJito- 

HHXt BOffOpOCJiefi H T. H., h6o HeCOMH-feHHO^ ^TO B[H;i,HBH;nyaJIBHaH 

HSMtH^HBOCTB Bcerfl;a HBJiaaacB h aBjiHeTca hcxo;i,hhmx nynKTOMt 
;i;jiH Ha^ajia Toro 'npon,ecca, KOTopHfi H3BifecteHi bi nayKt no^t 
HMeHeaii pacxoac;i;eHia npHsnaKOB'B, h KoxopHfi Beji;eTTE» K'b o6pa30- 
BaHiK) HOBHX'B Hopo^it H BH;a;oB'B. EcJiH ace npH3HaTL y o^Ihokji^t- 

HMX-B CymeCTBl HHfl,HBH;i;yaJIBHyH) H3MtH^HB0CTL H HaCJlt^CTBeH- 

HOCTB HH;i,HBH;i;yajiBHHX'B oco6eHHOCTe&, TO Torfl;a nepe^'B HaMH 
BCTaneTX bo Bcefi CBoeft Tpy;i;H0CTH BonpocB o tom-l, KaKHMTb 06- 
pa30M'fc TOH^aftinie niTpHXH bx CTpoeniH KaKofi-HH6y;i,B Kopne- 
HoacKH nepejiaiOTCH bt. piifl;i)i cjii^^yiomHX'B noKOJi'feHift? Hto nyacna 

C^HTaTB Bt T-fejlt 3T0fi KOpHeHOaCKH HOCHTeJieMT) HaCJli^IiCTBeHHBIX'B 
CBOflCTBl? He aBJIHeTCfl JIH pO.IB 3TOrO „XpaHHTeJIiI 3aB'feT0B'B CTa- 

pHHH" aHajiorH^Hoa pojiH fl3i;a h cnepMaT030Hfl;a y bhcbihx'b acn- 

BOTHHX'B? 

En];e dojiie omH6oj[HO npe;n;nojiaraTL, hto bti cay^aaxt no^KO- 
Bania h cnopoo6pa30BaHiH ptmenie npo6jieMH HacJi*;a;cTBeHHOCTH 


190 pyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

npe;i;cTaBjiaeTi Mentnie Tpy;i;H0CTe8, ^"feMt Bt cjiy^at nojiOBoro 
paaMHoacenia. Ct BH'feniHeS, $opMa;iBHoS CTppoHH Hacjit;i;cTBeH- 
HOCTB npH no^KOBaHiH BUTJisijiflT'h^ . HOacajiyfi, npome h nonaTHie, 
ni^% Bt TOMt cjiy^at, Korji;a opraHHSMt BHpadaTiiBaeT'L cneiUajiB- 
HHe npoffyKTH pasMHoaseHia h BOSEHKaeTt nat oji;HOKJiiTHaro aa- 
po;i;Hina, KOTopuft h sBjiaeTca de facto xpaHHTejieMt HacJI'feJ^CTBeH- 
HHxt cBoficTBB. MoHCHO, KaKi, HanpHMtpt, 3T0 ^^jiaeTt Jejiaacx, 
cKaaaTL, ^to „nogKOBaHie — ne 6oji^e, KaKi Bt Hi^KOxopoMt pofl;i 
npofl;oji3KeHie acHSHH oji;Hoft h Tofi ace oco6h", h ^to, cjii;i;oBa- 
TeJiBHO, npH no^KOBaniH npofijieMu nacjiifliCTBeHHOCTH na caMOMt 
A'feJi'fe He cymecTByeTt, h6o TyTx, MOJit, „9Ta sara^Ka cjiHBaexca cb 
OHToreHesoMt, a ne npH6aBJiaeTca Kt neMy". Ho b^j^l hh^to He 
MimaeTt nasBaTB h pasMHoacenie npz noMomn sapo^^tiffleBLixi. KJii- 
TOKB Toace „B'B H-feKOTopoMB po^,* npo;i;ojiaceHieMB acHSHH o;i,hoh h 
Tofl ace oco6h". A pasB'fe aTO CKoaBKO-HH6yfl;B ycxpaHaexB Tpyji;HOCTH 
caMoS npo6aeMKi, npH6jiHacaexB HacB kb ptmeniio ea? Paayn-feexca 
h^xb: HacKoaBKO xpyji;HO bckphxb HcxHHHHft CMBTCJiB xoro npo- 
ii,ecca, 6aaroAapa ^ KOxopoMy aapo;i;BinieBaa KaixKa paaBepxHsaexB 
BB KOHHi'fe KOHii;oBB Bci oxaH^HxeaBHHa CBoficxBa co3;i;aBniaro ee 
Bapocjiaro opraHHana, nacxoaBKO ^e xpy^o ypaayMixB, no^eMy 
ox;i,'fejiBHaa BepxymeiHaa KatxKa zan ace rpynna oji;hopo;i;hmxb 
Ka-fexoKB BB noqK'fe Boaco3;i;aK)XB bb xo^hocxh bc4 xapaKxepHMa 
oco6eHHOCxH xoro pacxenia nan acHBOxnaro, na KOxopoMB axa no^iKa 
paaBHaacB. Bb o6ohxb cayqaax^ npofiaeMa HacatflcxBeHHOcxH xaKB 
xiiCHO caHBaexca cb npo6aeMoft paasHxia, ^ixo paaBe^HHHXB hxb 
H'fexB HHKaKOH BoaMoacHocxH. ^xo ace Kacaexca cneii.iajiBHo nacaifl;- 
cxBeHHOCxH npz paaMHoaceniH no^KaME, xo xyx%, Ha;i;o noaaraxB, 
aafliaqa ne ynponi,eHa, a Bcero aEniB BB;a;oH3MiHeHa. H bb caMOMB 
ji^^A npH noaoBOMB paaMHoaceniH Bce xaEHcxBeHHoe h nenoHEXHoe 
BB ji.^a'fe HacatjicxBeHHOCxH KOHii;eHxpEpyexca bb aapofljHmeBHXB 
KafeKaxB, a npE no^KOBaBiE axo aara;i;o^Hoe, ecan Moacno xaKB 
BHpaaEXBca, pacnoaaaexca no BceMy xiay xoro opraHHaMa, KOxopHH 
o6pa3yexB hoxomcxbo npB noMoni;E no^eKB: Kaacji;aa xo^Ka ^% xfia'fe 
xaKoro opraHE3Ma, OKaaHBaexca, cKpHBaexi bb ce6i xy caMyio xen- 

;i;eHi^iK), Koxopaa xaKB apKO BHpaacena bb noaoBHXx> npojiiyKTax'B 
;i;pyrHXB opraHE3MOBB. 

Bce CKaaaBHoe o nacai^incxBeHEOCXE npB no^KOBaHiE MoacHo ho^ixe 
^^aEKOMB oxnecxE e ki» naca-feflicxBeHHOcxH npE cnopoo6pa30BaHiE. 
IIoaxoMy He cxany ;n;aaBnie pacapocxpanaxBca na axy xeny. 

CneD;H$EiHEaMB bb asaeHiaxB Haca^;i;cxBeHflOcxB npn noaoBOMB 
paaMHoaceniE npe;a;cxaBaaexca xoxx (|)aKXB, hxo 3fl,icB eoxomcxbd 
co3;i;aexca AsyMa BH^EBEji;yaaBHo Hecxo;i;HHME npoEaBOji;ExeaaMH: 
oxeD,B H MaxB, npn noMon];B afiii;a b cnepMaxo30E;H;a, nepeji;aH)xx. aa- 
po;i;biniaMB^ a ca-fej^oBaxeaBHO e noioMcxBy, nopofl BecBMa paaaH^iHBia 
CBoficxBa. 9xE cnen;iaaBHHa cBoficxBa o6oexb npoEaBOfljETeaeft MoryxB 
KOMuencHpoBaxB — ycnanxB, ocaa6EXB EaE BaaEMHO ynn^xoacEXB inpyr-B 


HEP^niEHHBia EPOBJIEMBI BIOJIOriH. 191 

ji,pyra, MoryTt nepenjiecTHCB h CMimaTtcfl, MoryTX, HaKoneni'B, pas- 
BHTBCii napajiJiejiBHO. 9to, ji;ifeficTBHTejii»HO, BectMa xapaKTepnaa oco- 
^eHHOCTL, cBfl[3aflHaa c% hojiobhmi cnoco6oM'B pasMHoacenia, xoTff, 
KaKt MH yBH;i;HM'L nocjii, cymecTByroTt $aKTH, KoxopHe h b-b btom'b 
OTHomeHiH crjiaacHBaioT'B pa3HHii;y i&emjij Hacjit^cTBeHHOCTBio npH 
nojEOBOMX H deanoJiOMi pasMHoaceniH. 

He pas'B yace ;aii&JiaJiHCB nontiTKH ycTanoBHTB KaKyK)-HH6yji;B 3a- 
KOHHOCTB B% nepe;i;a^^ xtx'B hjih hhhx'b oco6eHHocTe3 npn nojio- 
BOM-B pasMHoaceniH. Mbi bh;i;^jih, KaKx ein;e b% ji;peBHOCTH cyme- 
^TBOBaaa xeH^eHDiiii pa3rpaHH^HTB laK'B hjih nnaqe poji|» po^Tejiefi 

Bl ^iJI-fe HaCJliffCTBeHHOCTH. Ja H nOTOM-B 3Ta MBICJIB BHCKa3BIBajiaCB 

He pasx B'B npoH3BejceHiax'B pasaHHHBixi y^eHHxx h $hjioco$ob%. 
BcnoMHHM'B xoTii 6u HIoneHrayepa, KOToptifl j^ynajn*, hto HHTeajieK- 
TyajiBHHa oco6eHHOCTH Hacji'fefl;yK)Tca hotomctbom'b ot^ Maxepn, a 
.^xapaKTep'B" otl OTita, npn ^qwl uoji.'h cjiobomi xapaKTepx BejiHKifi 
^HJioco$i» noji;pa3yM'feBajiT> bck) o6jiacTB bojisbbixT) h 3MOi];ioHajiB- 
HBix'B aBJienifl. SaxiMi HHTajiHCB CBasaiB Hacji^fl;cTBeHHyio Hepe;i;a^y 
npH3HaK0Bi ci, nojioM'B ji;toefi. TaKi o;a;HH yTBepacj3;ajiH, ^to ;i;o^b 
iBcer;i;a hoxo^hti 6oaBme na OTma, a chh'b Ha MaTB; flipyrie HacTaHBajiH 
Ha AiaMeTpaaBHO npoTHBonoaoacHOM'B. 

*aKTH Haxoji;aTca B'B p'^sKOMX npoTHBop^^^in co bc^mh sthmh 

aK06BI Hay^HHMH 0606meHiaMH, H nOTOMy BCHKifi, CKOJIBKO-HHfiy^^B 

SHaKOMLiH CB ;i;aHHHMH Bi> 3T0ft ofijiacTH SHanifl, oxoTHo noji;nHnieTCii 
no^i cjiijiiyromHMH cjioBaMH Jl^ejiaaca: ^Hi^xi 3aK0Ha cxo^CTBa Meac^y 
pe6eHK0M'B H ero po;i;HTeJiaMH: Bce B03MoacHO, na^HHaji co ctojib 
6oJiBnioro pa3JiH5ia, Kor;i;a MeKjij poji;HTeJiaMH h pe6eHK0M'B He 6y- 
jifiT!i> HH ofliHofl o6m;eH ^epTH, *) h Kon^aa hohth nojiHofi Toac;i;e- 
CTBeHHOCTBH) Msac^y pedeHKOM'B H KaKHMX-HHdyj^B H3X' po^HTejiefl, 
npH B03MoacHOCTH Bcfexi HpoMeacyTO^HHX'B CTyneneH CM^memii npn- 
BHaKOB'B H co^exaHia cxojiiCTB'B^^ (La structnre du protoplasma et 
les theories sur Theredite). 

Ho eCJIH BCt nOHBITKH ^OpMyjIHpOBaTB B'B BH^']^ HenpOJIOaCHBIX'B 

-saKOHOBx CBH3B Meacfl;y npH3HaKaMH npoH3Bo;i,HTejie8 h noTOMCTBa 
noTepntjH noanoe $iacKO, to neaBsa CKa3aTB xoro-ace noHBixKax'B 
KaaccH(|)Hn,HpoBaTB caMH asBaeHia Hacai^cxBeHHOcxH. KaaccH$HKan:ia, 
npHBe;i;eHHaa eni;e y JtapBHHa, npejiiCTaBaaex'B rpoMaji;HBifl HHxepecB. 
06paxHMca kx. Hefi. 

npeac;i;e Bcero ynoMAHeMX* xtxx* $aKxaxi, Koxopne noKasH- 
Baioxx, ^xo He bc* xapaKxepHwe npHsnaKH nepexofl;ax'B 6e3pa3aH^HO 
H KX. caMEaMx., H K'B caMn;aMi& ^aHnaro BH^a acHBOTHHxx»: o;i;hh hs^ 
npzsHaKOBx naca^yioxcH B'B paji;y noKoainifl xojbko caMD;aMH, ^py- 
rie — xoaBKO caMKaMH. Ocxasaaa b:b cxoponi^ nteoxopHe ^acxHBie 
^.ay^an xaKoro po;i;a Hacai^ji;cxBeHHOcxH, oxm-^xhmX) xoxh 6li niHpoKO 


*) PiiB H^^eTi), paayMiexcfl, 061. HHAHBH;i;yajii>HOMT», a ne pacoBOM'B cxo;i,- 

XTB-fe. B. JI. 


192 pyCOKOB BOrATCTBO. 

pacnpocTpaHeHHHfi bt> aEHBOTHOM'B ^apcTBi $aET% ynacjitjiiOBaHiff 

yjBTOpHqHHXt nOJIOBBIXX npH3HaK0B'L". 9tH npH3HaKH, 3a O^HB 

pifefliKHMH HCKJiioqeHiaMH, HeyKJiOHHO npoaejiaioTCH JinniL st npefl;- 
ciaBHTejiax'B xoro hjh HHoro nojra: caMii;^ nQjij^BJOTi> bi> nacjii^;!;- 

CTBO OTX pOfliHTeJiefi npH3HaKH, XapaKTepHHe JS^H OTAOBt, a CaMKBT — 

npH3HaKH, xapaKxepHLie injiflr MaTepefl. He^ero h roBopHXL, hto BcaKaa 
Teopia Hacjii;i;cTBeHHOCTH o6a3aHa c^HTaTtcfl ct xaKoro poji;a ^an- 
HHMH, H eft Ha;n;jieacHTi» ycTaHOBHTB pojit aflcteBofi KatiKH h cnep- 
MaT030Hji;a Bt nejieniHX'b nacJirbdemeeHHocmu ozpanuneuHou nojioM%, 
Ho hto6h o6tffCHeHie 9to ne hochjio xapaKiepa c6hb^hbi«ix'l h 
rojiocjiOBHHX'B Myji;pcTB0BaHi8 Bt ;i;yxi CTapHXt OBHCTOBt h ann- 
MajiBKyjiHCTOB'B, Heo6xojiiHMo noMHHTL cJi'fe;^yioin;ee: BTopa^HHe no- 
jiOBHe npH3HaEH, npHcymie o;a;HOMy EaKOMy-nnfiy^B nojiy, npn HiKO- 
TopHXt ycjiOBiaxt o6HapyacHBaK)rB ckjiohhoctb npoaBJiaxBca o^ieHB 
pejiBe$HO y npeffCTaBHxejiea spyroro nojia. TaKi», nanpHMi^pi, xopomo 
ycxanoBJieH'B $aKrB, hxo HHor;i,a k-l cxapocrn Kypnnia nojiyqaeTi^ 
HiKoxopHe xHEH^HHa ocofieHHocxH ntoyxa h, Hao6opoxi, oxojio- 
meHHHe nixyxH Bwrjiaj^axi. nopoio, KaKi» Hacxoamia Kypni^ii. 

Jajiie^ He Men-fee saM^^axejiLHH $aKXH, CBHji;txeJiBCXByK)mie o 
xoM-B, ^xo noflBJieHie H^KOXopHXi Hacjii^tcxBenHBixt npH3HaK0B'B 
xicHO CBasano cl pasjiH^HHMH cxynenaMH oorenexH^ecKaro pasBHxia 
H CT> B03pacxoMt BnojiH-fe c$opMHpoBaBfflarooa opraHHSMa. ^xo6bi 
He yxoMJiaxB BHHMaHia HHxaxeJia nepe^iHCjieHieM'B oxHOcaniiHXca CK);i;a 
^aKxoBt, npHBe^y jihoil oj^hhl, HaH6oji^e xehh^hhA. CymecxByexs 
oji;Ha nopojua rojiy6efi. llepeoe onepenie Hxt CMOJiaHO-^epHaro niB-fexa 
Cl pffiaBO-KpacHHMH noJiocKaMH Ha KpLiJiBflxi; cepnoBH;i;HHa oxm6- 
xHHbi Ha rpy^H cocxaBjiaKXcx xapaKxepnyK) oco6eHHOCxL axEXi ro- 
jiy6efi. BM^cxi co Bxopofi h xpextefi jihhlko8 3xh xeMHHa cepno- 
BHj};HLia oxM^xHHM cxaHOBsxca 6tjiMMH; Kor;i,a-ace rojrydn Jinnaioxi 
B% naxLift H mecxoS pa3X, xo yace ecn» n^bH, BHpocxaioinia bhobb, 
6hLBSiJ0T'h J HEXt 6iJiU5i, xaKt WTO Bit pesyjiLxax*, BM-fecxo BecBMa 
opnrHHajiBHHX'B rojiy6efi xewHaro i^Btoa, noJiy^aioxcE ^obojibho 
o6HKHOBeHBHe 64jiHe rojiy6H. H sma cnoco6nocmb MTbunmb onpacny 
6^ onpedrhJieuHue nefiodu ofcusuu nepexodurm no uacjirbdcmey v^^^ 
noKo/iTbutH 6^ noKOJitbme. OnaxB-xaKE npExo^iiETca nocxaBHXL na BEjut 
BcaKofi xeopiE Bacji'fe^.cxBeHHOCXH Heo^xofl;EMOCxB cqHxaxBca g% 
xaKoro poji;a J^aHHBIME. 

Oji;BaKO, oco6eHHyK) xpy^HOcxB J^JIa jiH)6oft xeopin nacjii^icxBeH- 
HocxH, npexeH;i;yioiii;eH na Hay^HocxB, npe;fl;cxaBjiaiox'L aBJiema axa- 
BE3Ma HJiH peBepciE, x.-e. BOSBpaxa ki npESHaKaMi SoJiie ejie 
MeH^e ox;a;ajieHHHxx> npeji;KOBx. flBjieHia axaBHSi^ JtapBEHt cxaBHjn* 
Bx oji.BH'B pa^^t ex x^MH cjiy^iaaME, Kor;i;a opraHH3MH o;i;Horo nojia, 
BonpeKH npHCTni;efi mmx ckjiohhocxe BOcnpoE3Bo;i;HXb jteeib xi npH- 

3HaKH, KOXOpHe Hepa3piJBH0 CBa3aHH ex EXX nOJIOMX, o6Hapy3KE- 

Baioxx Bji;pyrx npHsnaKH ;n;pyroro noJia. Ohx, KaKx e3b^cxho, yxBep- 
ac;i;aexx, ^xo „BcaKifi npH3HaKX, nopoio B03o6HOBJiaH)Ei;ifica, npneyx-^ 


HEP^mEHHHa npoBJiEMH BioJioriH. 19a ' 

CTByeT'L 6^ cnpumou (popMtb Bt KaacinoMi noKOJi^HiH, — hohth Ta- 
KHMi-ace o6pa30Mi, KaKt y MyaKCKHXt h aceHCKHXx oco6et BTopn^HHe 
npHSHaKH ;npyroro nojia ocTaiOTca ckpbjthmh, ho ciioco6hhmh pa3- 
BHTLca Bt cjiy^ai^ nopaacenia BOcnpoHSBO^tHTejiLHErxx opranoB'B". 
„Bto cpaBHesie Bxopn^HHxi hojiobhx^ npHsnakoB'L, ckphthxi y 
oco6efi 06oero nojia, cl fl;pyrHMH ckphthmh npHsnaKaMH, — npo^oji- 
acaeT'B Jl^apBHHX, — t^mi 6o;iie yMicTHO^ ^ro HSBtcTent, nanp., cjiy- 
^aS o;i;hoh KypnmH, npHSHBinea HiKOTopue HSt MyaccKHxt npH3Ha- 
KOBt He CBoeft co6cTBeHHoi nopoji;Bi, a OT^ajreHnaro npeAKa. TaKHMi 
o6pa30Mt ona bi o;i;ho h to ace Bpema oSnapyacHJia cephtho npn- 
3HaKH o6oero po;a;a". (naHreHe3Hcx\ 

y^eHie cKpHTHXTb upHBHaKaxt MoacHO c^HTaTL ofini.enpHHaTHM'B 
BX HayK-fe. ^HTaTejiL yace BHAtJix, KaKt aio yqenie npHMinjieTca 
%ASi od-LflCHeHia perenepamm h rexepoMop^osa. BtjiiB'TO, ^to no 
oTHomemK) k-l HHfl;HBH3;yajii>H0My pasBHiiio ocBani;eHO HMeneMi Kat- 
TO^naro h TKaneBoro nojiHMop$H3Ma, to, ^to noHHMaeTca, KaKt 
cnocodflocTB Kaayiioft Ka^TKH opraHH3Ma TanTL bti ce6^ bc^ Ka^ecTsa 
HJiH sanaTKH ^aa o6pa30BaHia ii.i&aaro, — Bt npnaoaceHiH Kt pasBHTiio 
q)HaoreHeTHiecKOMy BHpaacaeTCfl caoBaMH ^ckphtho npH3HaKH'^ 
Sa'^cl nepe^i.t naMH HOBoe ji;oKa3aTeaBCTBO Hepa3pHBH0CTH TaKHXt 
npofiaeMt, KaKt pa3BHTie cb o;i;hoS CTopoHH h Hacai;i;cTBeHH0CTB 
CB ;i;pyrofi, 3;a;'fecB tott* 3aKoafl;oBaHHwS Kpyrt t^cho nepenaeTaio 
mHXca H B3aHMH0 o6ycaoBaHBaK)ni,Hxca npH^HHi. h ca^;nCTBifi, hi 
KOTopoM^B TaKX Tni,eTH0 H HO cie en];e Bpena dtexca MHcaB fiioao- 
roBi. „y Kaac;a,aro »HBoro cymiecTBa HM^eTca TBMa ;i;aBHO yTpa^en- 
HEix'B HpH3HaK0B'B, roTOBHxi pa3BHTBca npH Haj^aeajaui.HX'B ycao- 
Biaxi... Ho KaKHMi odpasoMX o6iacHHTB h cBasaiB ci ;n;pyrHMH 
$aKTaMH 9Ty nopasHTeaBnyio h BecBMa pacnpocTpaneHHyio cnoco6- 
HocTB, 3Ty cnoco6HOCTB BH3HBaTB BHOBB R-L acH3HH fl;aBHO yipaieH- 
Hue npH3HaKH?" TaKi cnpaniHBaa'B JapBEHX, h HMH-fe nepeji;^ 

yMCTBOHHHM'B BSOpOMX BCtXl TeopeTHKOBl eCTeCTB03HaHia BCTaeTTi 

Bce TOTX-ace HeyMoaHMwfl Bonpoct, see Ta-ace Heo6xoji;HMOCTB o6ii- 
eji;HHHTB pa3po3HeHHHa ;a;aHHHa nayKH b'b cTpoflnoe ii;i&aoe, npe^;- 
CTaBHTB HXTb B'B CB^T^ o6ni;aro ToaKOBania. Boti noHOMy jtaace 
caM'B JapBHHt, 9totte» cypoBHfl npoTHBHHKi. KaKHxi 6h to hh 6Hao 
cneKyaamift b-b ofiaacTH To^naro snania, ^^mnwh BHCTynHTB co 
CBoeK), KaRi) CKpoMHO HasBisaa'B OHTb, npo6U3opnow iunomeaou o 
nauzeHesuerb,.. 

IIepexo;i;HM'B kl caifliyiomefi KaTeropin ^aKTOBi* no KaaccH^n- 
Kai3;iH J^apBHHa, ^aKTOBt, KacaH)ni;Hxca ynaca^^OBaHia pasaH^HHxi 
npHSHaKOBi npH eKpeuf^ueaniu, 

IIoTOMCTBO, noay^aeMoe npn CKpeni,HBaHiH HeAiJHMHX'B deyayh 
pasan^HHX'B nopodrb nan paaHoeudnocmeii (noMi^cn), a TaKace h ^Byxi 
pasanqHHX'B eudoe^ (rnGpH^H), odHKHOBOHHO coBM4ni;aeT'B wh ced-fe 
OTaa^HTeaBHBie npH3HaKH o6oisxh npoH3Bo;i;HTeaefi; h TaKi KaKX 

SjQCtCB 9TH npH3HaKH BpeMBHaMH 6lXB2JOTh EHpaacoHH O^eHB apKO, 
>6 4. OTiU'feji'B I. 13 


194 PyOOKOB BOrATOTBO. 

BO BcaKOMi» cJiyHai ap^e, ^rkwh y noTOMCTBa ovb poAHxejieS o^Hofi 
H Toft ace nopo;i;ii, to h noHHTHO, ^to Ha noMtcaxt h rHSpHfliaxt 
MoacHO Jierie npocjit^iiHTB xapaKxepi h CTeneHB BJiiaHia jiyaccKHX'B 
II mencKHX'B oco6eft Bt juto^ Hacjii;i;cTBeHHOCTH. 

OShkhobohho h noM-fecET, H rH6pH;i;H npejtCTaBJraiOT'B no c^ohm'b 
iipHSHaKaMt KaKX 6h h^^to cpe;n;Hee Meayny npoH3Befl;niHMH ext> Ha 
CB^Tt poAHTejiffMH. Ho 3T0 06^60 npaBHJio nofl;BepjKeHO 6ojiBnrHMx 
KOJiedaHinM-B. Ilpn cKpemnBaniH ^^Byxx paanoeudHocmeu pacTenifi 
CB pasjiH^HO OKpameHHHMH OffHOTOHHHMH i];B4TKaMH HOBBia pacTe- 
Hifl (hom^cb) ji^axyiTy oShkhobohho ip-feTH necTptie; Kor;na ke CKpe- 
mHBaioTCii ^Ba pasjiH^HBie euda pacxemfl — onarB-TaKH ex ^i^TKaMH 
pasHoS KpacKH, — to y zuSpiidoe^ i^b6th 6yfliyrB yace ho necTpHe, a 

OfliHOIi;B'feTHHe, HO TOJJBKO HpOMeJKyTO^HOfi OKpacKH: Hy, cKaaceM!B, 

ecjiH y o;i;Horo pacTenia ii;Bi^TH aceJiTHe, a y jipyroro KpacHBie, to 
y rH6pHji;a ohh 6y^yT'B opanaceBHe. OfliHaKO, HHorfl;a ^BiTOK'B rn- 
fipH^a OKpameHi TaK^B, ^to njBtT'B ero hhkohmx oSpaaoMX nejiBsa 
BOcnpoH3BecTH nyxeMX Toro hjih HHoro co^eTania oKpacKH o6ohx'b 
npoH3Bo;iiHTe;iefl. SaxiMB, boti hto eni;e jhoSohhtho: noiiicH o6Ha- 
pyacHBaioTi* sa^iacTyio ckjiohhoctb B03Bpani;aTBca k'b npnsHaKaMi po- 
;i;HTejie9, tb.k% ^to HiKOTopne hsx hhxi» nocTenenHO TeparoTX 
xapaKxepi noM^ceS h ^epesT. h^ckojibko noKOJiiflifi OTanoBaTca 
coBepmeHHO noxoacHMH na nyaccKHX^ hjih sencKHXi npe^cTaBHTe- 

JLOH TtXl ^HCTBIXI^ HOpOfljl, OTl KOTOpHXl OHH npOH30niJIH nyTeMX 
CEp6I[I,HBaHBa. 

HTaKX, MH bhji;hmi&, ^to CKpemHBanie 6jiaronpiaTCTByeTi» axa- 
BH3My. Btot'b bhboa'b nojiiTBepacfl;aeTca enie h t^mi, ^to npH CKpe- 
H^HBaniH H^EOTopHxi nbpo^i.'B ;i;oManiHHX'B acHBOTHHX'B H BOB;i;&i[aH- 
HBixx pacTenifi hotomctbo nojiy^aaocB BecBMa cxo^Hoe cb juhkhmh 
npe^aMH stexb nopo;!;^. Bnpo^eMX ne aia $opMa CKpemHBaHBa 
HHTepecyeTi nacB ceflqaci rjiaBHBiMX o6pa30Mi, a ^pyraa. 

EcjiH Kx a6jiOHOBOMy hjih rpymeBOMy j^H^Ky npHBHTB BiTKy 
KaKofl-HH6yffB nopoiHH ca;i;oBofl a6jiOHH hjih rpymn, to na npHBHBK^, 
KaKX H3B^cTH0, fljOJiacHH 6y;n;yTi> pasBHTBca a6jiOKH h rpymn coot- 
BtocTByiomefi nopo;i;H. Ja, dojiofcnu, ho ho Bcer;i;a sto TaKi» 6HBaeT'B. 
E[Hor;i;a ;i;h^oki coo6iD;aeT'B 6jiaropo;i;HOMy npHBHBKy Koe-^TO CBoe 
co6cTBeHHoe, Tani) ^to hjioium OKasHBaioTca h4ckojibko H3MtHeHHHM:H 
H HO BHjuy, H no pasMi^py, h no BKycy. ;HajKe i];BiTH na npHBHBK^ 
HcnHTHBaiOT'B HHofi pasx He6ojiBflioe HSMineme bi» saBHCHMOCTH 
OTh BJiiania ;i;H^Ka. KaKi», cnpaiHHBaeTca, noHHMaTB TaKoro po;i;a 
$aKTH? He ecTB-jiH 3to, npaBfl;a o^eHB cjia6o BMpaaceHHaa, ho sa 
TO H oneHB CBoeo6pa3Haa $opMa nacjiifliCTBeHHOCTH? H4ckojibko 
$aKTOBi, fiojite ^eMOHCTpaTHBHHxx, ji.aiOT'B HaMi» bhojih^ onpe^-fe- 

JieHHHfi OTB^TX Ha 3T0T1& BOHpOCl. 

EcjiH npHBHTB „^epe3B cfijiHacenie" BiTKy c% TeMHO-CHHHMi» 
BHHorpafliOMx KB BiTKi, ;i;aioin;eH seJieHBifi BHHorpaj^'B, to Ha coe;i;H- 
HeHHBix'B BiTBaxi^ BHHorpaflj'B Oy^ieTX jih6o necTpBifi, jih6o cb nar- 


HEPBHTEEHHil nPOBJIEMH BIOJIOriH. 195 

fiaMH GHHHMH H sejioEHMH. Eor^a E'E B^TKi oji^Rofi nopo;i;H p03H 
(Bancsiae) npHSHJiH iBiTBB cb KycTa flpyrofi nopoji;H (Devoniensis), 

TO KaKl» paS'B OTh MiCTa npHBHBKH BHpOCJia HOBaa B*TBB, Ha KOTO- 

pot pacnycTHjiHCB ii;BiTH ct npnBHaEaMH nacToamefi noMicH. Kor;i;a, 
naKOHeni'B, nojiOBHHKy jiyKOBHii;Bi ofl,Ho8 nopo;i;B[ riaii;HHTa npnjio- 
MEJLR Kh nojiOBHHKi jiyKOBHiiBL flipyrofi nopofl;Bi — riaii;HHTU pasHH- 

JHCB OKpaCKOt I1;b4tOB'B, — to nOJIOBHHKH CpOCJIHCB H BtirnajiH 

=cTp*JiKy, Ha KOTopofi cnepBa 3aBa3aj[HCB dyxoHH, a hotomi pac- 
KpHJiHCB H ii,b4tbi: OKpacKa aTHXi. ii;BiTOBi npe;i;cTaBjuTjia'pa3JiHTiHHff 
oo^exaHis OKpacKH o6oHXi riaii;HHTOB'B. Bee 9to $aKTH ^pesBHiat- 
HoS BaacHOCTH. OffHaKO, e;i;Ba jih ne KJiaccH^ecEifl bi axoMt oxHonie- 
HiH npHM^p^ npe;a,CTaBjiaeT'B pacieme Cytisas Adami: roBopia „EJiac- 
cH^ecEifi", noTOMy ?to Bci xeopeTHEH Hacji'fefl;cTBeHHOCTH, na^HHaa 
ci JapBHHa H EOH^aa 0. FepTBHroMt, aEcnjryaxHpoBajiH xast hjih 
HHa^e dTOTh jitificxBHxeJiBHO samiqaxeJiLHHS npHMip-B npHBHBO^Hofl 
rH6pH;i,an;iH. B-b ^leM^B-ace, o;nHaEO, xyxx fl;ijio? Ecjih na pacxeniH 
Cytisus laburnum ch acejixHMH niBixaMH c;n,ijiaxB npHBHBEy oxx. ;i;py- 
roro pacxenia, Cytisus purpureus, cb EpacHHMH i^BixaMH, xo nojiy- 
qaexca coBepineHHO noBaa pa3H0BH;i;H0CXB ex. n;BtxaMH acejixHMH, 
KpaeHHMH H eMimaHHHMH, npe;i;cxaBjiflH)mHMH pasjiH^HHa E0M6HHa- 
B^m KpaenoS h acejixoS OEpaesn. 9xa noBaa pa3HOBH;i;HoexB h nojiy- 
qHJia HaBBaflie Cytisus Adami, no zMeHH o^Horo npocxoro eaji;oBHHEa, 
KOTopHfi eni;e Bt 1830 vojij efli4jrajix> snepBtie h eoBepmeHHO ejiy- 
^aflHO xaEoro po^a npHBHBEy. Cji-fe^yex^ npH6aBHXB, ^xo KaE'B aceji- 
THe, xaEX. H EpaeHHe niBtxH Cytisus Adami njiofl;oBHXH, a npoMe- 
acyxo^HHe — 6e3njiofl;HH: hsx eiMflrnx acejixBix'B ninixoBt BBipoexaioxi 
HOBHe aEseMnjinpu Cytisus laburnum, a etMena EpaeuHx-B mBixoBX 
j5j3JOTh enoBa Cytisus purpureus. HxaEX. Cytisus Adami eoBMtn];aext 
Bt ce64 npH3HaEH noM^cefl h rH6pH;i;oB'B: oni ^acxBK) nJiofliOBHXt, 
KaE'B njio;i;oBHXBi BOo6me BeeB03MoacHHH noMien, a ^aexLio 6e3njio- 
j^en-B, KaE'B 6e3njiofl;HH 6ojiBmHHcxBO rH6pH;i,0B'B. 

^xo-ace MoacHO noqepnuyxB %jik noHHManiH npo6jieMH Haejiiji;- 
cxneHHOCxH h3x> Betxi axExx. $aKXOB^? 

]{o enxx* nop'B mh, 6hxb MoacexB, eEJiOHHH 6hjih ;i;yMaxB, ^xo 
BceB03M03KHBiH noM^eH H rH6pH;i;H B03HHEaH)xi jinmB nyxeM'B nojio- 
Boro pasMHoaceniH, djiaro^apa ejiinniio Hojiobbix'b ajEeMOHXOB'B A^yx'B 
pasjiH^HHX'B pa3H0BHfl;H0Cxe8 HJiH bh;i;ob'b. TenepB mh bhahm1>, ^xo 
3TO M03KH0 ocyni;eexBHXB h uomhmo eojioblixx. ajieMeHxoB'B, nyxeM'B 
eponi;eHiH B^xBefi h cjiiHuia EJiy6Hefl hjih jiyEOBHUi'B jijEyxx. pasjin^- 
EUXT> nopo;i;^, ejiOBOMt, nyxeM'B hphbhbkh. Bh noMHHxe, a ynoMH- 
naJi'B BHme, Meac;i;y npo^HMTb, hxo cyn^eexByiox'B $aEXH, Eoxopne bx. 
3HaTiHxejiBHoft exeneHH erjiaacHBaioxB BHjUHMyio pasuHDiy Me3Kji;y na- 
cji-fe^^exBeHHoexBH) npn hojiobomx. h 6e3nojiOM'B pasMHOKeniH. Tojibeo 
qxo OHHcaHHHe ejiy^an cEpentHBaHBH nyxeMX npHBHB0Ex» npe;n;exa- 
BJiaioxB^ xaEoro hmohho po;na $aEXBi, C^HxaacB e'B hhmh, nyacHo 
npHSHaxB, qxo enocofinocxB nepe;3;aBaxB no Haejii;n,exBy rk hjih HHHe 

13* 


196 PyCOKOB BOrATCTBO. 

npH3HaKH Be cocpe^oTOiHBaeTca tojibko Bt nojiOBUxt 3JieMeHTaxx: 
OHa Bi» 6ojiLinefi hjih MeHBinefi CTenenz pasJiHTa h b% ocTajrBHHxt, 
KaK^B nasBiBaioT'B nxx, coMaxH^ecKHXi (otb cjiosa „soma" — xtjio} 
Kji^TKaxt opraHH3Ma; a npHsnaBaa 3to, npHAeTCJi oxKaaaTBCH ot'b 

MHCJIB BH^i-fejiaTB HOJIOBHe 3JieMeHTBI, KdiKh ^TO-TO HCKJUO^HTeJIBHOe 

H cyu^ecmeeHHO necxodnoe cl ocTajiBHHMH KJitiKaMH TiJia. He pas'B 
sji/kch yate yKasBiBajiocB na HeocHOBaxejiBHocTB xaKoro cxporaro 
paarpaHH'ieHiji, e bh BH;i;Hxe, ^xo no M^p^ xoro, KaKi. pacrnHpaexca 
Kpyrx pascMaxpiiBaeMBiX'B HaMH asjieHifl, neocHOBaxejiBBoe npespa- 
maexcH bi> ni^xo npocxo necocxoaxejiBHoe... 

B'h npo6jieM'6 Hacji4;i;cxBeHH0cxH oco6eHHO cnopHHMi OKasH- 
Baexca BonpocB o6'b yHacjii;i;oBaHiH npio6ptxeHBHXx cboScxbi,. Ob. 
axEMi BonpocoMx cefi^aci noBxopaexcH ncxopia, no;i;o6Ha» xo8, koxo- 
paH pasHrpajiacB bt> nayKt npn nosBJieHiH y^enia JI^apsHHa. KaKB 
xor;n,a bccb y^eHHft Mipi* pa86H;icii na ;n^a BpaacjyBQiuHX'B cxana, 
Hsi KOxopBix'B oji,VLE'h cxpacxHO oxcxaHBaJH xeopiK) npoHcxoac;i;eHi« 
BHfl;oBX, a ffpyrofi cb xaKOio ace cxpacxnocxBio oxBeprajii ee, xaKTb. 
H xenepB Bcfe naxypaJiHCXBi cocxasjiflioxx ^Ba nenpHMHpHMHX'B aa- 
repfl. B% OiUHOM'B crpynnpoBajiHCB cxopoHHHKH cxaparo jj;apBH- 
HH3Ma H jiaMapKHCxBi CO CnencepoMX bo rjiaB* — FeKKOJiB, FajB- 
xoHi, 0. repxBHFB, Hyc6ayMX, Opx-B, 9fiMepxi, Smepn h MHorie 
HHHe dii minores; b% ji;pyroMi, nofl;^ npHKpHxieMi Heo;i;apBHHHCxa 
BeficMana h H^Jiiorepa, Hfl;yx'B xaKia CBixHjia, KaKx. Fhcb, K^jijih- 
Kep'B, Cxpacfiyprep'B h niijiaH cepia j^.pyrnx'B yneHHX'B ^hhomi no- 
HHace H MHCJiBK) HocJiafiifee. Jl^jiff nepBHXx Hacjii;i;cxBeHHOcxB npi- 

06pixeHHHX'B CBOHCXB-B — HeOCHOpHMLlft ^aExx*; JliJia fiXOpHX-B OHa — 

ofl;Ha jiHHiB $HKii;ia. Jl^jia 6ojiBineg Harjiafl;HOcxH coihjiiocb na cjiosa 
jiiByx'B oji;HHaKOBO nonyjiapHBixx. coBpeMeHHtix'B fiioJioroB-B. B'b no- 
cJi'feAHeM'B KanHxajBHOMX. xpy^iife BeflcMana „Das Keimplasma" HMtexca 
ox^tjiBHafl rjiaBa no^x. HasBaHioM'B „MHHMaii Hacjitji;cxBeHHOcxi» 
npio6p4xeHHBixx> cBoficxB'B" — Die vermeintliche Vererbung erwor- 
bener Eigenschaften,— h box'b ^xo roBopHxca 3;a;icB na nepBoS ace 
cxpasHmife: „Bci coMaxoreHHHH (inxafl — fijiaronpiaxHHa. B. JI.) h3- 
M-feHeniH He Moryxi nepe^aBaxBCH no Hacjitj^cxBy, h, cjrt^.osaxejiBHO, 
Bcfe H3MiHeHiii, nepexo;a,aiii;ia hs'b noKOJitnia bi noKOJi^nie, hcxo- 
]i,siTh oxi 3apo;i;Hma h jiiOJiacHH noKOHXBca Ha HSM^HeniH sapo^H- 
nieBHXx» CBoficxB^B; 9xo aBJiiiexca neHsfii&acHHM'B bheo^^omi h3'b 
xeopiH 3apo3,HnieBo3 njiasMH h h31 y^eniH o jijexepMBHaHxaxi, 
npe;i;cxaBJiaK)iii;aro ji;ajiBHtfiniyH) nepepaOoxKy 9Xofl xeopiH" *). TaKX^ 
yxBepacji;aexx. aExop-B ynemH o sapo^HHieBofi njiasMt h o AexepMH- 
Hanxaxi; h ^Jia BacB hcho, ^xo BeficMaHx* yact a priori ne Moacext 
npH3HaxB Hacji4;i;cxBeHH0cxH Hpio6ptxeHHHX'B CBoficxBi. Jl^pyrofi na- 
xypajiHCXX), OcKapx> FepxEHrt, ne Men-fee p^mnxejiBHO HacxaHBaext 
Ha Ha6jii&ji;cxBeHH0cxH bxbx'b cBoficxBi. „Bm^cx^ c:b Jl^apBHHOMTB, One- 


*) Das Keimplasma. Ein© Theorie der Vererbung. 


HEP-SniEEHMa nPOBJIEMH BIOJIOriH. 197 

HcepoM^, BnpxoBOMi,, reKKejieMt, FepHHroM'B, HerejiH (?) n fl;pyr., 
— roBopHTi OHi,- — MH npHSHaeMt Hacji-fejijCTBeHHOCTL npiofiptTGH- 
HHXX CBoficTBt, rfxt cnoco6HOCTL HepejijaBaTLca 3apo;i;Hniy" *). 

Tpy;i;HO npeji;cTaBHTL ce6i& ^to jih6o 6oji^e sanyTaHHoe, ^iMx 
BTOTt sjionojiyiiHLiS Bonpocx. IlyTaHHiiia btsl CKasHBaeTC-ff KaKt 
BT» onpe;n;^JieHiH Toro, ^to cjii;i;yeTi& noHHMaTB noji.'h „npio6p4TeH~ 

HHMH CBOfiCTBaMH", TaKTb H Bt OHji&HKt OTJi;ijILHHXTE» ^aKTOBX. He 

M-femaeTt nosTOMy ycTanoBHTB no Kpafineft M-Spi^ (popMajibuyio pas- 
HHii;y Me3K;ny npupoofcdenuuMU h 6jia%onpio6p7bmenHUMU CBoftcTBaMH 
opraHH3MOB'B. MoacHO-JiH Tyxt roBopHTB 6oJi4e rjiy6oKofl pasHHn.^, 
pa3HHii;i no cymecTBy, yBHjiiHMt ^ajitnie. 

PaajiHTiie Meayi;y npnpoacjiieHHHMH h npio6piTeHHHMH CBoficTBaMH 
o6iiiKHOBeHHO ycTanaBJiHBaiOT'B na cji^;i;yH)iii;Hxx ocHOBaHiaxx: npn- 
poac;a;eHHHMH c^HTaiOTC-ff Bci xaKie npHanaKH, KOTopne noKOflTca: m> 
ofliHOKJi'feTHOM'B 3apofl;Bim'fe opraHH3Ma; npio6piTeHHHMH me Ha3H- 

BaiOTCS TaKiff CBOftCTBa, KOTOpBIH B03HHKaK)T'B y BHOJIHi^ C$0pMH- 

poBaBmarocff opranHSMa, b-l nepioj^t ero HHji;HBH;i;yajiBHaro cyniie- 
CTBOBaniff, noj^t BJiiaHieM'B rfxt hjih hhhxx npH^HHx. OcTano- 
BHBHiHCB noKa Ha BTOMt, HOBTopaio, $opMajiBHOMX onpej^-fejieHiH, 
nocTanoBHMx bhobb Bonpoct: nepe;i;aK)TCfl-JiH h3'& noKOJii^Hia Btno- 
KOJiinie ecRnm CBoficTBa, KaKt npHpoac;n,eHHHJi, TaKt h 6jiaronpi- 
o6piTeHHHa? Hjih, 6htl Moacexx, nocjiijuHiji yMnpaiOTt bm^^ot* co 
OMepTBK) T^xt, KTO HMH Haflj^JTeHt? ffa^ yMupuwim roBopjiTi 
oji;hh. Hrhfrn, onu mam ofce ofcueynu, nam u npupo^dennuH npus- 
nuKU, BospaacaroTt inpyrie. 

HayKa ne 9KBHJIH6pHCTHKa. JI^OBOJILCTBOBaTBCH OJliHOfi „CJI0- 

BecHOCTLK)" npH pfenieniH B03HHKniHxi) Bt ea BJiaj^iniaxx cnopoB-L 
OHa He Moacert. OcTaexc-H, 3Ha^Hxx., o6paxHXBC-H kx» o6HqHOMy opy- 
j^io xo^Haro 3HaHi-H — kX) onwxy h Ha6jiK);i;eHiK). TaKt h nocxynaroxx* 
o6'fe cnopamifl cxopoHH, ;nocxaBjiafl: BecLMa odnjiBHHfi Maxepiajit 
H pro, H contra nacjiiACXBeHHOcxH npio6pixeHHHxx cBoficxBx». Pa36H- 
paxBca ^.exajiBHO bx» axoMX jiafinpHExi ^aKXH^ecKHXt ;i;aHHHXx» 
3ji,^Gh He M^cxo. Ho H^KOXopHe H3X> Handojiie apKHXX* ^aKxoBt a 
Bce ace npHBeji;y: ohh noHa;i;o6Hxcji naMt npn oii;iHKt xixx Mexoji;oBx» 
H o6o6n^eHifl, KOxopuMH nojiB3yB)xcH o6'fe cnopamia cxopoHLi, ox- 
cxaHBaa cbok) no3HD;iK). 

3a BpeMH CBoefl HH;i;HBjiiyajiBHofi acH3HH opraHH3Mx> Moacext no- 
jiyqHXL KaKoe aH6o yBi^Be hjih 6oJii3HB, Moacext pasBHXB hjih ne- 
;i;opa3BHXL xoxT) hjih HHofi Ed'h opraHOB'B CBOHXt, 6jiaro;i;apH ycn- 
jieHHOMy ynpaacHeniK) hjih HeynpaacHeniH) ero, Moacexx, naKonemt, 
npio6picxB KaKyK)-HH6yfl;B HOByio oco6eHHOCxB^ BOSHHKmyio y Hero 
HO^t BJiianieMi BHiniHHxi ycjiOBifi cyni,ecxBOBaHiH. Bo Bcixi bxhxx 
cjiy^aaxx 6yji;exx» HMixBca nainnio 6jiaronpio6pixeHHHfl npHsnaKi. 


*) 0. Herttmg. Die Zelle und die Gewebe. Zweites l$uch. Allgemeine Ana- 
tomie und Physiologie der Gewebe. 


198 


PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 


KomK'fe Hory, co6aK* yxo, a 

aCHBOTHUXl> 06uKH0BeHH0 HO 

6e3HorHMH, 6e3yxHMH h 6e3- 


HyatHO, CTaJio 6htb, Booqiio npocjiifl;HTB Ha ii;ijioM'L paji;^ cji*;i;y- 
lomHxt ffpyri 3a flipyroMt noKOJiiHiS, coxpanaiOTca-JLH xaKie npn- 

SHaEH HJIH R^Th. 

EcjiH 0Tpi3aTL ^ejiOBtKy pyKy, 

KpHCt XBOCTt, TO DOTOMKH STHXl 

CTaHOBaTca otl BToro 6e3pyKHMH, 
XBOCTHMH. BeficMaHX o^eHB ycep?i;HO 3aHHMajica 0Tpt3UBaHieM'L 
xBOCTOBt y KpHci MHOPHxt, cjii;i;yioii]HXX Apyrt 3a ^pyroMt, noKO- 
jiiHifi, H BceTaKH eMy He npninjiocB Ha6jDo;i;aTB hh OAHoro cjiy^aa, 
Kor;i;a 6h KpHcenoKt po^-^cff 6631 xBOCTa. Y ni^KOTopHX'L napo- 
fliOBt OTptsBiBanie xboctob'e y OBei];^ h yniefi y cofiaKt bohijio Bt 
ofiH^afi. Mnoro BiKOBX npaKTHKOBajica y hhxi laKofl o6H^ag, mhji- 

JliOHH OBe^BHXt XBOCTOBt H C06aqBHX'B ymefi KanyJIH Bt Bt^HOCTS 

no;!;!, HoaceMt ainxt hobojibhmx'b aKcnepHMeHTaTopoBX, h Bce ace jswl 
He yfl;ajiocB BHBecxH 6e3XB0CTyK) nopo^y OBen.^ h fiesyxyio nopo^y 
co6aK'B. y eBpeeBx h MaroMeTant oSH^aS odptsania cymjecTByext 
^naBHHM'b ;i];aBH0, h t^mx ho Men^e npH poacji;eHin Eas;a;aro HOBaro 
pe6eHKa axoTi o6pfl;i;'fc npHxofliHTCH o6ji3aTejiBHO coBepmaTB, h6o 
MHoroBtKOBoe noBTopenie o^Hoft h Tofi ace onepan;iH He ocxaBHjia 
BH;a;HM0 HHKaKHXt GJii]i,OBi> *). Bci 3XH $aKXH — cynijifi Kjianx ;n;j[ff 
y^eHHXt, 0TpH^aK)^l;HX'B Hacjii^cxBeHHOCxt npiofipixenHHXi cboScxbi. 
Ja, roBopa Boo6ni;e, MoacHo npe^noJioacHXB, ^xo yni^Lff He na- 
catj^cxBeHHii; ho xojilko Boo6n];e, h6o na axoxi c^ex^ HMiioxca 
BecLMa xapaKxepHHH HCKJno^ieHia, cqaxaxBca ci> KoxopHMH, KaKi 6n 
axo HH 6hjio npHCKopfiflo ji^jir BeScMaHHCXOB'B, npHXo;i;Hxcff. 

BosBMeMt xoxa 6u 3aHHMaxejiBHyH) Hcxopiio cb oxpfeaHHHMH 
XBocxaMH. KpecTBHHe Bi d&^ejih HMiioxt o6HKHOBeHie oxpisuBaxB 

KOH^HKt XBOCXa BCi^MTb 6631 HCKJIIO^eHia KOHIKaMTb, ]5JMS^ B% HpO- 

CTOxi CBoet, ^T0 y Kaac^iofi kohikh bte, KOH'iHKi xBocxa HMtexoa 
qepBHKt^ KOxopHfi MimaexTb efi oxoxhxbch 3a MHmaMH* H boxi, 
0Ka3BiBaexcH, ^xo cpe^H Koma^Bflro Hacejorenia 9fl$ejia Hepi^KO 
poacfl;aioxca Koxaxa ct Hefl;opa3BHXHMH xBOcxaMH. Bonne pa3CKa3H- 
Baexi npo o;i;Horo KpecxBHHHHa, Koxopufi cHCxeMaxH^ecKH oxpy6ajii^ 
xBocxH y CBOHxx co6aKi H Bi KOHn;i& kohii;ob'l flio6HJica xoro, ^xo 
y ero co6aKt cxajiH poac;i;axBCH ni,eHaxa cl kopoxkhmh, nicKOJiBKO 
axpo^HpoBaHHHMH xBocxaMH. H axa Honaa oco6eHHOCxB cKasajiacB 
Bt nicKOJiBKHX'B HOKOJitniaxi ni;eHaxi no;i;i» paji;^. Y xaKHXt ko- 

POXEOXBOCXHX'B C06aK'L 6UJL0 BT, XBOCXt OTT, 8 JliO 13 n03B0HK0B'R 

BMi^cxo HopMajiBHHX'L 19 HJIH 20. JI^HHr^ejiBj^epx npHBO^HT'B ^pyroS, 
6oJi^e 3aMt^axejiBHijifi cjiyqaS. Y co6aKH cb o6HKnoBeHHHMi. ji;jihh- 

HBIMl, XBOCXOMB po;i;HJIHCB CeMB meHHXX. 03^ nHXl Xpoe HM^JIH 


*) «L'hymen des vierges, — roBopHT'B J^eaaafB, — a ete regulierement detruit 
depuis I'origine de I'espece humaine chez toutes les femmes, qui ont con- 
tribue a la propager. II ne s'est pas atrophic cependant». (Delage. La structure 
du protoplasma et les theories sur I'heridite). 


HEP-BinEHnHa hpobjiemh BiojioriH. 199 

HOpMaJILHHe XBOCTLi; a Edl> OCTaJIfcHHXt meHKOBt y TpOHXt XBOCTH 

6hjih yKopo^eHH, a y ^eiBepTaro oHt h BOBce OTcyicTBOBajii. 
niecTL Mica^eB•B cnycTa, MaTL bthtl menaTi npoHSBejia na cBira 
ein,e fl;eBaTL meHHTi., TyrB noBTopHJiacL Ta 3Ke HCTopiH, ^to h b:b 
nepBHfl paai: ^exape meHKa hm'Sjih xbocth HopMajiBHHe, y ^oth- 
pexi spyrnxx ohh 6hjih ana^HTejiLHo yKopo^eHH, a y j^eBsraro 
xBocTt OKaaajica coBciMi aTpo$HpoBaHHHMX. Hat 3Tofi napxiH me- 
Harb o^ina caMKa 6HJia BOonHTana KaKHMt-TO KpecTLaHHEOMi. Y nea 
Bi CBOK) oqepe;i,i> noaBMHCL menaTa wyxt bh^obx: oji;hh jijjihhho- 
XBOCTHe, APyrie KopoxKOXBOCTtie. Bh cnpocHie, ^iMt 6hjio BHSBano 
poacflieHie kopotkoxboctmxi* h fl,ajKe BOBce 6e3XBOCTHXi» menaTB y 
nepooH caMKH? OKasHBaexca, ^xo y omi^a ^mux^ vjifenfum xeocm^b 
dhuinb ompydjiem, JtoRxopt KpaxD;^ yKasHBaext ein;e na cji^;i;yK)iii,ifl, 
HpesBH^afiHO HHxepecHHS $aKxab. Kpticu oxrpHBJiH xBOcxt o;i.HOMy 
6opoBy, H Kor;i;a oxt 8xoro 6opoBa pofliHjiHCB nopocaxa, xo Bci^ obh 
OKaaajiHCL 6e3XBOCXHMH, ne CMOxpa na xo, ^xo MaxL nxt HM^Jia 
BnoJiH^^ HopMajiBEwS xBocxt. Bee 3X0 cjiyqan ;n;ajieKO ne hckjuo^ih- 
xejiLHHe; h QOKasMBaiorB ohh, ^xo unozda 6jiazonpio6pvbmenHafi oicvr 
6omuuM^ ocoSeunocmb (yerbube) Mootcemr> nepedaeambCH nomoMnaM'h — 
u ne mojibKO nepeazo, ho u cjirbdyioii^Uayb noKOJirbuiu. MoacHO, ko- 
Heqno, yMHiiiJieHHO nrHopHpoBaxB noa;o6HHe $aKXH, mokho npH;ii;y- 
MHBaxB ;i;jia hex's XHxpoyMHHa, ho Majio BtpoaxEHa xojiKOBaflia, 
MoacHO, HaKOHei^'B, cqHxaxB nxt npocxo KaKOft-xo cjiy^afinocxBio; 
oj3;HaKO, Bce 3xo bhckojibko He ynajraext ncxEHHaro ana^eEia bc^x-b 
xaKHxt ^aKxoBT.: ohh o^eHB KpacEopt^HBO roBopaxi caMH 3a ce6a, 
H HHKaKaa KasyncxEKa ne b-b CHjax'B saxymeBaxB Hxt no;n;jiEHHaro 
CMHCJia, BB oco6eHHOCXH ecjiH i^^jiwfi paiHB fl;pyrEXB, aflajiorE^HHXTb 
Ha6jiK)fl;eHiH BnojEi cb heme coBnaj^aexB. A xaKEXB Ha6jiH);n;eEift 
MoacBO npn acejiaBin no;i;o6paxB BecBMa ji;ocxaxo^Hoe KOJiH^ecxBO. 
YKaaceMB Ha H-feKoxopBia e3B hexb. 

JI^apBBHB pascKasBiBaex'B o ^ByxB. cydieKxaxB, esi KOxopHXB 
o;i;hhb nojiynnjiB KaKB-xo rjiy6oKyK) pany bb koji^ho, a ^JipyroS — 
B-B Ei;eKy. Y ;i;ixefi odonxB bm*jibcb oxb poac;i;eBia bhojih^ anajio- 
rn^EHe py6i^H na cooxBixcxByromnxi) M-fecxaxB. npHBeji;eHB y Jtap- 
BEHa H ji;pyrofl jrK)6onHXHHft npHMipB. KaKofi-xo coji^axB jrHniBJica 
jitoaro rjiasa. HaxBajiiAaxB jiixB cnycxa uocjii 3Xoro obb aceEHJica, 
H y o6iEXB ;i;ogepeS ero ji^BBifl rjiasB 6BiaB oxb poac^enia sna^E- 
xejiBHO MeHBDie npaBaro (MHKpo$xaaBMia). JI,eKaH;noaB pascKasH- 
BaexB GJii^jnyiomeMB, eEi;e 6ojiie HExepecnoMB cay^ai. Bb 1797 ro^iy 
ojiiHa steymKa 6Braa paneEa bb roaosy. Ha aiicxi paHBi, Koxopaa 
Haxo;aiHaacB na^B aifeBBTMB yxoMB, Bnocji;i;cxBiB o6pa30Baaca roaBrft, 
annieBEHfi BoaocB nipaM^B. JI^iBymKa BHmaa saMyacB e pofl;Haa MaaB- 
MHKa, y Koxoparo najii'B a^BBiMB ace yxoMB Be6oaBniofi y^acxoK^B 
KoacB 6HaB coBepmeEBo annieHB BoaocB. Bb 1836 ro;i;y chhb ea 
BB CBOK) o'lepe^iiB aceHEaca; Ea ero j^-fexaxB HejiiO^exB 3xoxb fle 
cKasaaca; sa xo y ojiiHoro e3b BnyKOBB ero EMiaacB na roaoB^ co- 


200 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

BepmeHHO trkoh ace oxM^THHa na^i.'L ji^buhi* yxoM'L, EaKi h y ji!kji,B,. 
^aKTi axoTi HHTepeceH'L js^jisi sact eme Bt tomi» oxHomeHiH, ^to 
TjTi 6jiaronpio6p4TeHHa« oco6eHHOCTL, KaKX BHj^HTe, npoarBHJiacB 
aTaBHCTH^iecKH, qepeat noKOJiiHie. . 

Jl^OKTopt Macces'B Bbip-feaajn y o^hoS napw kpojihkobi cejieseHKy. 
^TeHHinH aiofi napH HjiiiH, KaKi OKaaajiocB noTOMi., cejieaeHKy 

HeCpaBHeHHO MeHBinHXl paSM^pOB'B^ ^iWh HOpMaJILHa^ EpOJIH'iEH 

cejieseHKa. B% pa;i;y nicKOjiLKHXX CJIt;^yiOI^HXt noKOJiiHiH 9Ta oco- 

6eHH0CTL nOBTOpflJiaCB, KaK'B H-feHTO OfiH^HOe: y BCiXt KpOJIHEOBt 

cejieseHEa 6B[j[a MeHBme HopMajiBHofi. . 

OnHTH MacceHa hm^bot'b, Kone^HO, HssicTHoe ana^ieHie ]i,jisi bo- 
npoca nepe;n;a^i npio6piTeHHHX'B ocbdeHHOcxefl no Hacjitji;cxBy. 
Ho e;i;Ba-JiH ne caMHMH SHa^nxejiBHHMH b'b 9xomi oxHomeHin aBJia- 
loxcH onHXH HSBtcxHaro $H3ioJiora BpoyH-B-CeKapa. nepe^aMi co 
cjioB'B Jl^ejiaaca pesyjiBxaxH xtx-B sKcnepHMenxoBi, KOxopBie npoHSBO- 
^Jix BpoyH-B-CeKapi na^i MopcKHMH CBHHKaMH. „9ioxi ^Hsiojior-L 
KOHCxaxHpoBaji'B cjii]ij¥>mJL6 $aKXH. BcjiiffcxBie nepeptaa ctji^SLJunn,- 
Haro nepBa, 3a.]ifiasi jianKa xepajia ^yBCXBHxejiBHOcxB, h MopcKia 
CBHHKH oxrpHsajiH ce6t 6ojiBfflofi najieni'B; f po;i;HBniHXca oxx hhx'b 
;i;i^xeHHnie8 ne 6hjio 6ojiBffloro najiBii;a na 3a;i;Hefi JianKi. Ilpn ne- 
pepisHBaniH corpus restiformis, poroBHUia y skhboxhux'b xycKHiext, 
saxtM-B rjiaa-B nocxeneHHO yMeHBniaexca, axpo^npyexcff fiesx Bocna- 
jieHia; y hoxomkobx nosBJiaBOXC-ff usMTbueniH, xaKace ne conpoBoac- 
Aaromiffca BOcnajrenieM'B, nopoio moo/cdecmsennuH (xycKJiocxB poro- 
bhii;h, BcacBiBaHie rjiasa), nopoio anajiozuHuuH (nsMi^HeHie icxeKJio- 
BHji;Haro lijia h xpycxajiHKa), ho HHKor;i;a ne conpoBO^ffaromiaoi 
BOcnajiHxejiBHHM'B npomeccoMi. KaK'B QJii;i;cxBie nenojiHaro Ha;i;p43a 
npo;i;ojiroBaxaro Moara, nafijiio^ajiocB BHna;i;eHie rjiaaa y poji;HxeJieH 
u moofcdecmseuuoe eunadenie zjiasa y nomoMKoe^. HaKOHen;^, pas- 
jiUHHUH usMTbHemn erbm, npoHcxo;i;amiff BCji^;i;cxBie noBpe3E;i;eHin 
corpus restiformis hjih CHMuaxH^ecKaro Hepsa, manme nepedaeajiucb 
nomoMKaM'b. 9mu usMTbuenm cnasajiucb na- 3Ha%umejibH0Mh HUCJirb 
HedrbjiUMux'b 6^ nnmu ujiu mecmu noKOjirbuiKX^. Bo BcfexB, BecBMa 
MHoro^HCJieHHLix'B, OHHxax^ 3XH H3Mi&HeHia o6a3axejiBHO npOHBJiaJIHCb, 
H B'B xo me BpeMH HHKor;i;a ne Ha6jiH)fl;ajiocB, ^xo6h ohh cKaaajincb 

CaMOnpOHSBOJIBHO" *). 

Toxi ace BpoyH-B-CeKapi BLisHfiaji'B y MopcKHXi cbhhok'b ncKyc- 
cxBeuHO auHJienciK), ;a;ijiaa hm-b nonepe^HBie Haji;p^3H na cchhhpm'l 
M03ry. noTOMCXBO xaKHX^, cxpaji;aK)mHX'B auHJienciefi, MopcK^x'B cbh- 
HOKi. xaKace 6hjio nofliBepaceuo auHJienciH. KaKHM'B odpasoMB napy- 
menie bb ;i;taxejiBHOCXH HepBHofi chcxomh po^HxeJiefi moijio nepe- 
;i;aBaxBca 3apo3,BiinaMt — BonpocB oco6hS; . HecoMH^HHo jthhib, ^xo 
de facto oho nepejiiaBajiocb h conpoBoacfl;ajiocB 6ojii3HeHHBiMH sBJie- 


*) La structure du protoplasma etc. Delage. KypCHB-B bo Bceft BUfl.epacKi 
Hamnb. 


HEPI&inEHHHfl HPOBJIEMH BIOJIOriH. 201 

HisMH, coBepmeHHO Toacji;ecTBeHHi>iMH ct t^mh, KOTopna 6lijiii HCKyc- 
CTBeHHO BH3BaHH J poj^HTejieS. 

nepe;i;a^a npiofipfoeHHHX'B 6oji43HeHHHXi HSM^Henifl noTOMCTsy 
Ku^evh MtcTO H Bt pacTHTewibHo^x D,apcTBi. YKaasy na Heji;aBHiii 

Ha6jIH)Ji;eHiff H-feKOTOpUXt dOTaHHKOB'b. KaKt H3BiCTH0, JlitaTeJILHOCTB 

HfeoTopHxi) napasHTOBt BHSHBaext Ha jiHCTLaxi, Tonojiefl h mho- 
THXt jiipyrHX'B j^epeBLCBt 6ojii3HeHHHe napocTH. OKasHBaeTCJi, ^to 
noAo6HBie ne Hapocxti ofinapy^HBaiOTCH TO^;^a h y noTOMCTsa Ta- 
KBXi nopaaceHHiixt ji;epeBBeBT., ho yace nesaBHCHMO orh ji^hsiTejih' 

HOCTH SJIOBpeUHBIX'B napaSHTOBTb. 

HTaKt, npHHHMafl bo BHEManie bc4 BwnieHSJioaKeHHHe $aKTH, 
MH MoaceMi CKaaaxB, ^to yTBepac;i;eHie, 6yffT0 6jiaronpio6piTeH5Hff 
yBt^Lfl H 6ojii3HeHHwa HSMinema HHKor;i;aHe HacJE-fe^yiOTCs hotom- 
cTBOMi, — $aKTH^ecKH HeB^pHo; ropa3;i;o npaBZjiLHte fiy^^eTi npn- 
3HaTB, ^TO ohh ue eceida nacJiifliCTBeHHH. 

BHHie 6hjio yace ynoManyTo, ^to MHorians^t HHfl;HBH^yajibHHX'B 
HSMiHenifi noaBJifliOTCff no;!;^ BjiiameMt OKpyacaioiuefi cpe;n;H, a 
Taicate 6jiarofl;apa ynoxpefijieHiK) h HeynoxpefijieHiio pasjiH^HLixi op- 
ranoB^B. 06a 3th $aKTopa H3MiH^HB0CTH 6hjih nocTaBjreHH na bh;i;t> 
eme JlaMapKOMt h 9. 3Ko$$pya CeHTt HjiepoMi. JtapBHHi TaKase 
npHji;aBSijiT» HMt 3Ha^eHie, xots h orpaHH^iHBaji'B h^ckojtbko hx'B 
pojiB Bi. npomecci pacxoac;a;eHiii npH3HaK0B'B. CneHcepx, Hao6opoT^, 
npHHHCHBaji'B HMi h% STOMi npoi];ecci ;noMHHHpyiomyK) pojiB. Bt 
HacToani;ee BpeMJi, 6jiaroji;apfl rjraBHHMt o6pa30Mi BetcMany, bo- 
npoct BTOTt OHflTB CTajii. npe^MeTOMTb ropaqHxi o6cyaKfl;eHiH. Cnop- 
HBiMi. co6cTBeHHo HBJiaeTcs cjiifl;yH)ni;ee nojioacenie: momcho jth npn- 
3HaTL Hacjiife^CTBeHHLiMH Bci T^ oco6eHHOCTH, KOTopLia npio6ptTaK)Tcs 
opraHH3MOMTb no^x. rneTOMTb cpe;i;H h 6;iaro;i;apa ynpajKHenifi) hjth 
HeynpaacHemio? Ecjih — ^^a, to npaBt Cnencept h bc^ ueojiaMup- 
Kucmu, TpaKTyioffliie o „HejiiOCTaTo^HOCTH ecTecTBeHHaro no^iSppa" 
OT« noHHMaHifl ECTopiH Bcero opraHH^ecKaro Mipa. Ecjih — h^ti*, to 
HCTHHa Ha CTopoH* BeftcMaHa h Bcfe^ Heodapeunucmoe^, HacTan- 
BarornHxt na „BceMoryni,ecTB'fe ecTecTBOHHaro no?i;6opa" b^ jt.^ji'^ 
npoHCxoacji;eHia h HSMiHeniH bhj^obi. 

B^B BB[;i;y HCKJUO^HTeJEBHOfi TeOpeTH^eCEOH BaKHOCTH 3TOrO BO- 

npoca a ne cqHTaio B03M0acHHMx pa3CMaTpHBaTB ero mbmoxo^om-l 
H orpaHH^ycB jthhib yKasanieMi na Ti ^hcto jiorHqecKie npoMaxn, 
KOTopHe bhocht'b 6ojiBniyK) nyTaHHn,y bt> o6cyac;i;eHie Bonpoca o 
Hacjit;i;cTBeHHOCTH cbohctbx*^ npio6p^TeHHHX'B uojs.'h BJiiHHieni'B BHim- 
HHX'B ycjiOBifl H nyTOM'B ynpajKHeniff h HeynpaacHenia t^x-l hjih 
HHHXt opraHOBi. 

BeflcMaHi pa3JiHqaeTi bo BCHKOMt oprannsMi j^BoaKaro po;a;a 
npH3HaKH H H3MiHeHia: oji;hh ohi nasHBaeT'E coMamozeuHUMU, ;i;py- 
rie — 6jiacm6%enuuMu, CoMaToreHHue HpH3HaKH o6pa3yK)TCH nyTOMi, 
BOsj^iHCTBia BH'feniHHX'B ycjiOBifi Ha t4jio, a TaKace fijiaro^apH ynpaac- 
HeniK) H HeynpaacHemio; 6jiacToreHHLie ace npH3HaKH cbohmx. nponc- 


202 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 


xoacj^enieMX o6fl3aHij Bceii;tJio OJ^HOKJItTHOMy 3apoji,bimy, TO^H^e — 
TiMi) ocofieHHocTflMt, KOTopuH npHHeceHH B'B sapojiiHni'B cnepMETO- 
aoH^OMt H aS^eBOIO KJitTKOH). Bo BCflKOMt opraHH3M^, no BeficMaHj, 
HyacHO, CTajio 6htb, paajiH^axL ^b^ cosepineHHO HeaasHCHMHa 3aM- 
KHyTbifl c$epH — sapoAHmeByio h coMaiH^ecKyio. Bci HSMiHeHiff, 
npoHcxo;iiamia b% coMaTH^ecKofi c$ep*, ocxaioTCii Bwh BCHKaro B.iia- 
nia Ha c$epy sapoAunieByK) h, cjii^iOBaTeJiBHO, yMHpaiOTT> BM-fecxt co 
CMepiLK) Toro opraHHBMa, KOTopuft HMH o6jiaAaji'B; Torjia KaKX set 
H3MiHeHia; npoHcxojramin Bt sapo^tunieBofl c$epi, o6a3aTejiLHO cKa- 
3HBaK)TCfl xaKt HjiH HHa^ie Ha noTOMCTBt; nepBHH o6pa3yK)TT> npio- 
fiptxeHHHfl cBoficxBa H He Hacji'feflicxBeHHH, Bxopwa ace — cBoflcxBa 
npHpoayi;eHHHfl h, naofiopoxi, nepexo^i.ax'L hsi noKOJi^Hia Bt no- 
KOJii^Hie. 

TaKt ^yMaexi y^eHHKt JIapBHHa, BeficMaHi. CoBctMt HHa^e 
060x00x1 ji^^jio y canaro X^pBHHa: axo, BnpoqeM'B, yace ae nepBHft 
npHMi&pt, Kor;i;a „yqeHHKH" HCKaacaioxt, yxpHpyioxi h fl;oBOfl;axx jijo 
a6cypfl;a mhcjih y^HxejiH. „noqeMy, — cnpamnBaext JtapBHHt, — noxoM- 
cxBO AOJiJKHO HCHHXHBaxB BJiiaHie oxx fl;McxBia hoblixx ycjiOBift Ha 
po;i;Hxejie8 h no^eMy bx. fiojitrnHHCXBt cjiy^aeBt Heo6xo3,HMO, ^xo6h 
xaKia H3KiHeHia CKasajiHCB na h^ckojibkhx'l noKOJitmaxx?" Bx. 
axoM'L Bonpoct BHfl;Ho 6e3ycjiOBHoe npHSHanie HacJii&;i;cxBeHHOcxH 
npi66pixeHHHxt CBOflcxBt. npaBfl;a, Jl^apBHEX npeflinojiarajii, ^xo 
6ojiBmaa ^acxt H3M4HeHifl, npoHCXo;i;HniiHxi Bt opranHSM^, saBHcnxTb 

OXX. HOflBJieHiil KaKHXX»-JIH6o HOBHXX> 0C06eHH0CXeS BX» BOCnpOHSBO- 

jijHxejiBHofi cHcxeM-fe, Bt nojioBHxx. sjieMeHxaxt. Ho ohx. HHKor;i;a ne 
yxBepacji;ajii>, ^xo xojibko xaKia HSM-feneHia h Hacjii;n;cxBeHHLi. Boxt 
no^eMy, ofipa^an BHHManie cbohxx. ^axaxejiefi na $aKXH, cbhji;*- 
xejiLCXByiomie nacjitjicxBeHHOcxH npio6pixeHHHX'B cbohcxbi, OHt 
aa^aexca BonpocoMX, KOxopHH js^si BeftcMaHa h ero cxopoHHHKOBX. 
He cyni,ecxByexx», Boxt no^eMy ohtb Aywaexi, ^xo nayKa odasana 
oxBixHXB xoxa 6u npH6jiH3HxejiLHO Ha cjitfliyiomiS Bonpoct: „Ka- 
KHMX» ace oepasoMt ynpaacneme hjih HeynpaacHenie hsb^^cxhhx'b ko- 
He^Hocxefi HJIH M03ra cnoco6HO Bjiiaxt Ha nefiojiBHioe cKonjieHie 
BOCHpoH3Bo;i;HxejiBHBixx. KJii^xoKt, Haxoj3,amHxca B'B yfl;ajieHHo2 ^acxH 
rfejia, H npH xom-l xaKHMt HMenno cnoco6oMi, ^xo cymecxBO, pasBH- 
Baiomeeca Hst axflxt kji^xokI), nacjit^yexxi npHsnaKH po;a,HxeJiefl?" 
(nanreneBHCTb). 

Mbicjil. qxo no HacJii;i;cxBy nepexo^axt jthhib 6jiacxoreHHHa 
cBOHcxBa, npe;i;cxaBJiHexca mh^ jioffiHOio b^ Kopni. ^OMy y^ax%^ bi 
caMOMi ;i;^jii, ohhxh BeftcMana na^.Tb KpHcaMH? EaKoS BHBOjii'B mohcho 
c^jiaxB Hst Hnx-B? J[a xojibko xoxx, ^xo npn 3xhxx» oiraxax'B ne 
Ha6jiiofl;ajiocB Hacjii;a,cxBeHHOcxH iipio6pixeHHBix'B CBoScxBt, a co- 
BcfeMt He xox-B, ^xo xaKofi HacJi^flicxBeHHOcxH H BOBce He cyme- 
cxByexx». ^xo CKa3ajiH 6u bh, ecjiH6x» KX0-HH6yji;B na ocHOBamn 
OHEixoBt BeflcMana cxajii> yxBepacja;axB, ^xo HHKaKofi perenepai^iH 
BOo6iu,e He cymecxByext, h6o oxpi^3aHHHe xbocxh y KpHCX> He bh- 


HEP^mEHHHa nPOBJIEMH BIOJIOriH. 203 

poojiH BHOBL? A Meaec^y xiMt nejiLSff CKaaaTB, gTo6H aio yTBepaKja;e- 
Hie 6hjio 6ojiie Hejiorn^HO, ^liMt bhbo^'b, kotophS J^'6JIaeTca na 
ocHOBaHin aKcnepnMeHTOB'b BeficMana. 

KaKi 6htl saT^Mi cb HacjiifljCTBeHHocxBio npio6p'feTeHHHX'B 

CBOHCTBt Bl T^Xt CJiJ^B^X^b, KOP^a opraHHSMi pasMHOsaexcji ^He 

npH noMomH afij^eBHXt kji^toki h cnepMaT030Hfl;0BX, a njiewh ji.'fe- 

jieflia H no^KOBania! Hpn xaKOM'B cnoco6i pasMHoaceniff, KaKX h3- 

BtcTHO, Kaac^Hfl y^acTOKt xijia Moacex'B nocjiyaecnxL hcxo^hhm^ 

nyHKX0MX» 3;jia o6pa30BaHia noxoMKa h, cxajio 6hxl, oSHsamejibuo 

nepeducrm eMy ceou coMamoienuun ocoSenuocmu. Bhxo;i;hx%, 3Ha- 

HHXX, ^xo coMaxoreHHHa CBoflcxBa, KOXopHa no npefl;B3flxo8 xeo|)iH 

Hacjiifl;cxBeHHBiMH 6hxl He Moryxi, na caiiOMi fl;iji4 nepe^aioxca no 

HacjiincxBy. MoacHO, Kone^HO, npe^ijnojioacHXL, ^xo y opraHHSMOBi^ 

pasMHoacaiomHxca no^KasiH h ;i;iJieHieMX», Bci cBoficxBa 6jiacxoreHHH, 

X. e. npHpoayneHHH; ho xorfl;a na^aexx caM'B co6ok) xoxx aKo6H 

yHHBepcajiLHHfi Kpaxepifl, KOxopHMi hpoxhbhhkh nacjii^cxBeHHOcxH 

HpiofipixeHHHXx cboScxbx* nojiL3yH)xCH fl;jiJi pa3JiHqeHk npH3HaK0B^ 

npiodpixeHHHXi oxt npHpoac;i;eHHHX'B: h6o KaKofl ace axo 6yffexx» 

npHpoayi;eHHHfl npHSHaKTb, ecjin OHt BosHHKaext nofl;^ BjrianieM'B 

BH'J^niHefi cpe^H na x4 caMHH rpynnH coMamunecKUX'h kji^xok'b, 

Hst KoxopHXi BHOcit^cxBiH o6pa3yexca HOBoe noKoainie! HyacHO^ 

cxaao 6hxl, coraacnxLcn, qxo ;a;^aeHie npHsnaKOBt na coMaxoren- 

HHe H 6aacxoreHHHe ne BHAepacHBaexx» kphxhkh b'b npHMineHin k'b 

xiMi opraHHsaiaM'B, Koxopne pasMHoacaioxca nyieMt ^.taema h no^- 

KOBaHia. nocMOipHMt, oji;HaKO, mhopo an BHHPpHBaeMX* mh BOo6iii;e 

ji;aa noHHMania SBaeHifi Hacai^cxBeHHOcxH, 6aapofl;apa xaKOMy ?i;^- 

aeniH). 

noaoacHMx., ^xo y KOPO-nafiy^t poacfl;aexca iiexEipexnaawS pe6e- 
HOKi H ^xo 8xa ocofieHHOCxL noBxopaexca wh H^cKoaLKHX'B cai- 
syromnxx noKoainiaxt! Jaa oxpnuiaiomHX'L nacat^cxBeHHOcxL npio6p^&- 
xeHEHX-B xjBoficxBt ^lexHpexnaaocxL Bt ;niaHH0M'B cayqai — npH3HaKx» 
npHpoayi;eHHHH. Ho, cnpaniHBaexca, oxKy;i;a ace ont B3aaca? He 
caMonpoH3BoaBHO ace sapo^Haca? HyacHO npe^ijnoaoacHXL o;i;ho h31 
^ByxX)! aaa Kxo-HH6y;iiL hsi npe^KOBX axopo pe6eHKa HMiax. na pyK'fe 
^exEipe naaLn;a bm^cxo HopMaaLHHX'B naxa, xaK'B ^xo ypo;a;cTBO y 
noxoMKa CKasaaocL axaBHCxa^ecKH, aaa ace oho aBHaocB bx* pesyaL- 
xaxi KaKHxt-xo bh^hihhx'b BaianiS na 3apo;a;Bini'B, H3x» Koxoparo 
pasBHaca axoxt pe6eH0K'B. HepBoe o6%acHeHie npHBe^exi nacB Kt 
CKasK* „o 6iaoMi 6HHKi", h6o BcaKifl BnpaB* 3a^axL BonpocB: a 
oxKyjiia B3aaocL nexnpe naaLn;a y oxfl;aaeHHapo npe^iKa qexHpexna- 
aapo peCeHKa? Bxopoe ace o6%acfleHie o^eHB c6HBaexca na xo, hxo 
Bt fliaHHOMTb cay^ai nepeji;!* naMH 6aaponpio6pi&xeHHaa, ;i;a kx» xoMy 
ace nepexonamaa no nacai^iicxBy oco6eHHOcxB. Boxx» h HanpaniHBaexca 
HeBoaBHO MHcat: da ne nejiniomcsi jiu 6cn> amu npecjioeymuH „npu- 
pooKideuHUH ocodeuHOcmu^ s'h KonennoM^ nodenemrb djiazonpiodprb- 
meunuMu? TaKoe npe^^noaoacenie fioaLme noxo^nxX) na HCXHHy, ^i^m-l 


^ 


204 PyOCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

Teopiff, KJiaccH^HniHpyiomaa npHSHaKH acHBUXTb cymecxBX no npHH- 
i;Hny ;i;ocTOCjraBHaro IIpoKycTa. 

HaKoneiii'B, coBepmeHHO nenoHflTHO, no^eMy npHpoacflieHHiiMt 
CBoficTBaMi fliaexcfl TaKaa npHBHJieria nepe^t cBoflcTBaMH npiodpt- 
TeHHHMH, no^ieMy ofl;HH o6peKaK)Tca na cMepTL, a flipyrHMi cyjiHTCH 
6e3CMepTie? Ectb jih ocHOBame ^onycTHTt, ^to b'b to BpeMH, KaKt 
npo6jieMa nacjiiscTBeHHOcTH npnpoaKflieHHEix'B npHSHaKOBt MoacerB 
6htb acna KaK'B Boacifi fl;eHL (na hhoA Bsraia^i, Kone^Ho!), Bonpocx 
o Hacjii;a;cTBeHHOCTH npio6piiTeHHHX'B oco6eHHOCTe8 npencnojiHeH'B 
Bca^ecKHxt Tpy^HOCTefi jiHinL noTOMy, ^to ohi no cyni;ecTBy cbo- 
eMy BSfliopent? Bi^t b'b ]S!kjrk HacJii^cTBeHHOCTH 3ara;Di;o^HHM'B n, 
cjA^OBaTejiLHO, nojiiJieacamHM'B o6'BffCHeHiK) c^HTaeTca cji*ffyK)ni;ee: 
KaKHMi o6pa30M'L Bci xapaKTepHUfl oco6eHHOCTH KaKoro-HH6yfl;L 
opraHH3Ma fl;aHHaro 0Tpafl;a, KJiacca, ceMeflcTBa, po^a, BHflia h no- 
pofljH nepeHOCHmen na cnepMamo30ubj> u nUVfeeyio KJiTbrnny u sa- 
mtbM'h ^uKcupyiomcH e^ noAyHeHnoM^ us'b nux^ odnonjifbmHOM'b 
sapodumTbl Bt TaKOMt cjiy^ai hh^to ne MimaeTt naMi npe;n;nojB[o- 
3KHTL, TITO TOTi caMHfl cnocofi'B, KOTopuMi KJiaccoBHe, ceMefiHHe, 
pofliOBue H T. n. npH3HaKH nepenocaTCJi na nojiOBHe sjieMeHTH n 
saKp^njiaiOTca Bt 3apoffHnieBoS KJiiTKt, totx ace caMHfi, noBToparo, 
cnocodt BJiacTent saKpinjiaTL bi sapo^Hmi h HHfliHBH^yajiBHHa 

OC06eHH0CTH. 

HTaK'B, H $aKTLi, H HiKOTopHfl o6^^ia coo6paaceHia no3BOJiaK)T^ 
npHsnaTB HacjiijucTBeHHOCTL npiofip^TennHxi cBoficTBTb. Teopia ace 
Hacjit;i;cTBeHHOCTH ;i;ojiacHa o6'bhchhtl naM'B, KaKi coBepnraeTca: ne- 
pe;i;a^a h3'b noKOJiiniff b'b noKOJi^nie npnsHaKOBi ne tojibko npa- 
poac^neHEHxi, ho h djiaronpiodpiTennHxt. CefiqacB na aTOMt cnop- 
HOMi 6paHHoa£i nojii, yciflHHOM'L o6jroMKaMH pasjiHTiHBix^ onpoKH- 
nyTLixt rnnoTest, ofipuBKaMH reHiajTBEHXi MHCJiefi h rpyfl;oH) nepe- 
MimaHnHxi ^aKTOBt, SopaTca npe^iCTaBHTejiH Tpexi pasjiHiiHHX^ 
MH^nifi. OfliHH fl;onycKaH)TX, ^to bcS xapaKTepHH« oco6eHHO'CTH opra- 
HH3Ma, KaK'B npHpofflseHHHfl, TaK'B H npio6p*TeHHHff, nepenpaejiRiomcsi 
npHMO B'b aapodumeeuH KjirbmKU e'h eudtb Mamepiajibmiayb 3a%amKoe'b 
H saTiMi yacB CKa3LiBaK)TCJi, KaK'B TaicoBHH, B'B noTOMCTBt^ o6pa30- 
BaBmeMCfl h3t» 3thx% 3apo;i;HnieBLixT» kji^^toki. Jpyrie Haxoji;5iTi, ^ito 
KaK'B BHimnaa cpe^a, TaK'B h ynpaacHenie hjih neynpaacHenie Bjiia- 
lOTB oduoepeMeuHO ne tojibko na tot'b hjih hhoA oprani, ho h na 
nojiOBHe npojuyKTH acHBoro opraHH3Ma, BH3HBaa b'b nocji'fe;a;HHX'B co- 
OTBiTCTByiomia H3M^HeHiH; TaK'B ^TO, Kor^a H3'b 3apoji;£iniefi pa3BH- 
BaeTCff HOTOMCTBO, TO y noTOMCTBa 9Toro MoryT'B o6HapyacHTBCfl: rh 
ate caMEia CBoflcTBa, KOTopHH bobhhkjjh y poji;HTejiefl 3a Bpeiia hx'b 
HHfl;HBH;i;yajiBHofl acH3HH. TpeTBH, H*aKOHeii;'&, npe^iCTaBJiHiOTTB ce6^ 
3T0T'B ^po^ecc'B em;e HHa^ie. Ohh nojraraioT'B, ^to $aKTopBi H3MiH- 
^HBOCTH emnwrm na odu^in ^yHKi^iu opraHH3Ma h npoH3BOfl;HT^ t^mx 

CaMHM'B HiKOTOpHH H3MiHeHijI B'B CnepMaT030H;i;aX'B H Ht^eBHX■B 
KJliTKaX'B; 3TH-T0 H3MiHeHiH H CKa3HBaH)TCff Bl HOTOMCTB*, KaK'B 


HEPiinEHHHa nPOBJIEMH BIOJIOriH. 205 

HiTTO ToacnecTBeHHoe ch npio6p^TeHHHMH cBoflcTBaMH po^HTejiefi. 
Kto H3t HHxt 6jiHffi;e ki HCTHHi — yBHAHMi fl;ajiLine. TenepL ace 
noBTopHMt emie past: * • 

flBJieHiff pasBHTiff h Hacjiiji;cTBeHHOCTH, npH BceM'B cBoeM'B pa3- 
Hoo6pa3iH, cKpBiBaK)Ti> Bt ce6^ o;a;Hy h Ty ace aara^Ky. TeopeTH^e- 
CEaa MHGJiB npE3BaHa p^mHTB ee xaE'B hjih nna^e; h na sonpocB, 
nocTaBJieHHHfl npsMo h otkphto, Heo6xoAHaio jLa,Th nojiHHfi, bc6- 
HC^epnEiBaroniiia otb^t-b. TaKOBOfi 6pajiHCL h 6epyTCff fl;aTL ne tojilko 
„BHyKH H Jn^TH jiH);i;eH, BOCHHTaHHHX'B Ha niejiJiHHrax'L H OKeHaxx", 
HO H HHHe, He CTOJIL HOBHHHHe Bt ^HCTOH cHeKyjumiH, yqeHHe. 
Bio^^OHt, CneHcepi, JtapBHHt, FajiBTOHX, HerejiH, TeKKejiB, CaKCB, 
CTpacfiyprept, Kjioji;^ Bepnap'B, Ji;e-$pH3B, TaaKe, BeficManx, Bhjil- 
rejiBM'B Py, Fhcb, BH3Hep'B, JejiaacL, 0. FepTBHrt, JJ^pnm'B, nia6pH, 
^ep^opH'B H ;i;p. — boti cjiaBHaa njiea;i;a yqeHHxx „pa3JiH^Haro bo- 
cnHTania", 3aji;aBniHxca n;i&jrBK) npoHHKHyTB bx TaSHHKH xixi acH3- 
HeHHHxi aBJienift, KoiopHa mh HMenyeM^t cjioBaMH „pa3BHTie h na- 

CJl*fl;CTBeHHOCTL". 

HoCMOTpHMX ffie, ^TO OHH Haiit inaioTt. 

B. B. JlyKKeBMHi). 


(UpodoJiOfcenie ejirbdyerm). 


.COBPEMEHHbia THnt.' 

PoMaH-B Ejiayca Pumjianda. 
IlepeBOA'B CB H']^Meii^aro 3. WypaecKoii. 


XL 


Ha OcTpoBi BoJiJiHHi), Bt ^liByx'L-TpexTb ^acaxTb iryTH otl 
MncApoH, jiemaTL HefleHAop(|)CKiH MopcKi^r KynaHba. Co6cTBeHHo 
roBopH, 3T0 He ^TO HHoe, KaK-b pHOa^bii flepeByniKa cl OOTofi: 
eAHHCTBCHHoft rocTHHHi];eft, HocHmefl rpoMKoe hmh „Kypray3a" 
H OKpy^KeHHOii cbhtoK hs'l He6ojibniHXi> aomhrob-b, OTAaromzxca 

BHaKMH no KOMHaTaM-b. 

9to THxia, rjiyxofl yrojiOK'b, a^^kc ne y caMoro Mop^, 
OTA'feJieHHHft OTi) Hero noJiocoK CM'feniaHHaro, CyKOBaro h xboK- 
Haro jiica; a Me^4y TiM-b, JiiTOM'b eTOTi) yrojiOK'b BcerAa no- 
jiOH'b. BosAyx-b SA'fecb HyAecHHit, h Jiicb TaK-b ahbho xopomi) — 
3T0 HAeajibHoe yC-fesKHme aji^ Bc^Karo, kto, ne hm^h 6ojibinHX'b 
Aeneri), mejiacT-b cTaTb SAopoBUMi), BecejiHM'b h 5KH3HepaA0CT- 
nHMi), — Aa H A'^a Tixi) T05Ke,.^bH nepBH ne BHHOcarb inyMHOfi 
KypaajibHOfi MysHKn h paspaJKeHHOft nyfijiHKH MopcKHxi) KynaaiK. 

Biy OAHO cojine^Hoe iiojibCKoe yipo accecop'b IIlHpMep'b na 
BejiocuneAi npiixaji'b B'b 3to HAHJiJinHecKoe MtcTe^KO. On-b 
yme HicKOJibKO AHett rocTHji-b B'b MacApo'fe, ta* y ero 0Ti],a 
^NJia BHjiJia, H TA'fe MaMa di Bipo]^ npoBOAHJin eojibmyio 
nacTb Ji'feTa. 

CpoK'b CaniHHa OTnycKa y^Ke noAXOAHjrb Kb Konmy. B'b 
iioH'fe oH'b npoBeji-b TpH HeA^JiH B'b HapHSK'fe H HamejTb, ^rro 
Xlapzm'b — ci> T'fex'b nop-b, KaK'b OH'b B'b nocji-feAHift pas'b Kacajicii 
aoroK ac(|)ajibTa ero moctobhx'b — CAtJiajicii rjiyn'b h cKy^effb. 
Bee Ta-me CTOJiH^naa cyTOJiOKa — A'fe<5ia, ^ecT0JiK)6ie, norona sa 
HacJia:«KAeHi5iMH; B'b cymHocTH, coBepmeHHO BcepaBHO, CMOTpiTb 
JIH na 8Ty cyiOJiOKy Unter den Linden, na Bingsirasse hjiii na 
Boulevard des Italiens. B'b IlapHSKi y ^Kenm.HH'b B'b ofimeM'b Hora 
MeHbme, ^'feM'b vjxh 6u to hh 6hjio, B'b pecTopaHax'b noAaioTb 


n 


cobpemehhhS THnx.^ 207 


fiojiie TOHKaro BKyca namTeTH h 6o<jrfee 6e36oB'fecTHHe c"qeTa, 
Tbwb Bi> BepjiHHi — BOTi> H BCfl pa3HB[i];a. Bon> KaprHHH bI) 
CajiOHi — 9T0 ein;e ctohti> nocMOTpiTb. 

Cania Bepnyjica AOMoft ci> Hcnop^eHHHMi> ^KCJiyAROM'b, ho- 
Baro (|)acoHa aHJiHHApoM'L, Bcixi) nopa3KaBinHMi> b'b niTeTTHH'fe, 
H AByMa KapTHHaMH, CTOHBfflHMH HenoBBOJiHTejibHo Aoporo. 

Bi> BHAy ero ynopHoK nepBHOfi CeacoHHUiH h CjiaroBOJieniH Kb 
HCMy na^ajibCTBa, eny a^jih AonojiHHTeJibHHfl oxnycKT). IIpesH- 
AeHTi> 6hjii> Tenepb Kb neMy laK'b 6jiarocKJioHeH'b, hto accecopa 
9T0 Aa5Ke yApy^ajio; „OBrb yme nHTaerb ko MHt aBaHcoM'b poA- 

CTBCHHyK) npHBaSaHHOCTb" — AyMajI'b MOJIOAOa HeJIOBiKl), K^iM- 

AhK paa-b HcnuTHBaa npn 9T0ft mhcjih H'fe^TO spoAi HpaBCTBen- 

HOja TOinHOTH. 

Me5KAy T^Mi), cfeTb, cnjieTeHHaa MHOsKecTBOM-b pyK-L ajih 
Hero H MapmiHSH, onyraBajia ero Bce 6ojibme h 6ojibnie. On-b 
He npoTHBHJicii 9T0My, Aa5Ke caM'b noMoraji'b — h B'b to me BpeMH 
pBajica Ha cBo6oAy^ Ilocjii 6ajia, saKOH^HBmaro cesoH^b, owb 
H^KOTopoe Bpena (5hjii> hohth BJnoCJieH-b B'b MajieHbKyio FpyTe- 
Hay, yxasKHBaji'b aa hok), Aypa^HJica; o6a ceMeftcTBa co ahh na 
AeHb ^AaJiH noMOJiBKH, ho BApyr-b ^Kennx'b CHrpaji-b oxCoii. 
J],'fcjio B'b TOM'b, ^To xopomeHbKaii renepajibCKaa AOHKa naAO'fejia 
Cam'fc, npemAe ^"feM-b OHTb AOCTHr'b oCjiaAama.— Sa^'feM'b? — cnpa- 
inHBaJii) OHi> ce6a. — Hto 3a CMHCJi'b memiTbca na MapHJiHS'fe? 
HameMy 6paTy Boo6n];e ne cjrfeAyeT'b 5KeHHTbCH. ToHKa. — H ohi> 
crajTb xJionoTaTb o nepenoAi H3'b IIlTeTTHHa. 

Ho AOMa ero ne ocTaBJiajm B'b noKO'fe. / 

BoT-b H Tenepb, na Aa^'fe, — Ta 5Ke HCTopia. 

B'b HeAajieKOM'b 6yAyni;eMi> ciOAa npi'feAeTi> rocTHTb Mapn- 
jiHsa. ^a H BOo6n];e, MncApofl y^Kacen'b. Bce niTeTTHHUH, Bce 
Ao6pHe 3HaK0MHe, hjih TaKie, KOTopne aojiskhh co BpeMeneM'b 
cxaTb Ao6pHMH anaKOMHMH. Mana h B-fepa BcerAa o^enb HCKyc^HO 
iiojibsyioTca KynajibHHM'b ceaoHOMi), HTo6'b saBOAHTb 3HaK0M- 
cTBa cb BHcmHMH ce6a. BcaKitt pas'b ohh ynosaT-b hsI) MncApoa 
KaKyH)-HH6yAB HOByro noG'feAy, HOBoe JiecTHoe 3HaK0MCTB0 na 3HMy. 
Ta sue KOMOAia TmecjiaBia, "^to h AOMa, cb to^ pa3HHn;eit, ^to 
3A'tcb AeKopaipeft cjiy^HT-b CyicoBHft Jiicb h MopcKia bojihh. 

Cania, na npanax-b nepBHO-CojibHoro, CTapajica AepsKaxbca no 

BO3M03KH0CTH B'b CTOpOH'fe. 

CeroAfla OHb, OTnpaBHBmHCb KaTaTbca na BejiocnneA'fe, c^a- 
CTJiHBO HsG'fe^aji'b „Haa" y anaKOMNX-b Aa^KHKOB'b, ta^ co6h- 
pajiacb ^TOJibKO MoaioAesKL". CJiaBa Bory! 

— 9Ta 3A'feniHaa THmnna — npano GjiaroA'feaHie! — roBopnjrb 
owh ce6'fe, o6o3p'feBaa oKpecTHocTb c'b BepaHAH. 

Hh AyniH, KpoMi AByx'b neMOJiOAHX'b y^e A'^BynieK'b, — B-fe- 
poaxHO, yHHTejibHHUi'b. Oztna Ba5KeTi> Kpio^KOM'b, Apyraa ^HTaei-b 
BCJiyx'b no-anrJiiflCKH. KapTHna CKpoMHaro Ji'feTHaro dolce far niente. 


208 PyCOKOB BOrATCTBO. 

9 

— Bnpo^eMt, d la longue, 3T0 aojihcho CuTb tockjihbo, — Ay- 
Maji'b accecopi> neMHoro noroAH, nocHA'feB'L sa ^aniKofi Kocj^e 
H nocjiymaB'B MOHOTOHHoe HTCHie, — SA'fecb np^MO-TaKH cjiEimHinB, 
KaK-L noji3yTi> nacH! H KO(|)e, naBipHoe, npecKBepHHii! 

Ho KO(j[)e, HaoCoporB, OKasajicH o^chb xopomHM'L h Gjiaro- 
A^TejiBHo noA'fettcTBOBaji'b Ha accecopa. Oh'b noA6oApHJicH h 

ptmHJI'B OCMOTp'feTb OKpeCTHOCTH. 

MeAJieHHo inaraji'B oh'b no mnpoKoft jrfecHoK Aopori, no 
HanpaBJiemio k-b Cepery. npHBiTJiHBHfi 6ei^en> — aejienafl onymKa 
jitca, y3KiH ah>hh; nanpaBo orb rJiaBHOia Aoporn pH;^'B Kynajn>- 
HHX'B CyAOKi*, HaJiiBO — xaida me 6yAKH, na hphjih^hom'b pas- 
CToaeiH Apyr'B orB Apyra — My5KCKa«a h ^KeHCKan CTopoHa; see 
TSiKh me, KaK'B n BesA^^ na HiMeuKHX-B MopcKHX-B jnyuBBhsrh, 

TOJIBKO B'B MHHiaTK)p'fe. 

Catna nieji'B baojib onyniKH, oanpaacB BOKpyr^. Hey^KejiH 
me BA'fecb HH AyniH? 

^ojiro ero noHCKH 6hjih nanpacHH. KyAa me, oAnaKO, A^Ba- 
jiHCb Bci HeaeHAop(|)CKie Aa^HHKH? 

Ara! botte>, HaKOHeu-B, — A^Ma B'B cfepoft cyKOHHofl loCK'fe h 
orneflHO-KpacHofl CjiysKi, BHCOKaii, CTaTHan. Ona uiJia no 6e- 
pery mhmo 6yjj,0Kb, noTowb npnci^Jia na necoKi*, KaK'B pas'B y 
Cyrpa, aa kotophm'b cto^ji'b Cama, orjwA'feJiacB BOKpyr'B h, 

O^eBHAHO, yC'^AHBUIHCB, HTO ee HHKTO He yBHilHTB, CHilJia CB 

cefifl 6aniMaKH h "^yjiKH; noTOMi» npnnoAHajia lodKy n Bomjia 

B'B BOAy. 

— Horn KpacHBoit (j[)opMH, — noAynaji'B Ha6jiK)AaBniiU 3a neio 

aCCeCOp'B, — TOJIBKO B'B JI0AH5KK'fe HeMHOrO TOJICTBE. HHTepOCHO 

3flaTb, MOJiOAa JiH ona. 

B'b nepBHa MHHyTH oh'b He Morob ceC'fe 9Toro bhhchhtb, 
TaK'B KaK'B A^Ma Bce Bpenn noBopa^HBajiacB k-b Heny cnHHOft. 
Ho ea cM'fex'B, — Kor;ia ona 3aniJia cjiHrnKOM-B AaJieKO n BOJina 
6pH3Hyjia eii na njiaibe — 9T0T'b SBOHKia cm^x-b, nojiHHii neBHH- 
EoPiy HCKpeHHefl pa;]:ocTH, roBopHJiT) 3a mojioaoctb. 

— FocnoAn! Bl&j^h ecTB me euxe na CB'bT'fe Tama SesodnAHHa 
cyni.ecTBa! — noAynaji'B Cama. 

BoTB — BOT-B onaTb naC'femajia Oojibmaa BOJina h cb rojiOBu 
;i;o Hor-B oKaTHJia HeocTopomnyio; ona Becejio pascM-feHjiacB, noBep- 
Hyjiacb H nocntniHJia K-b Cepery... H BApyr'b ao nea Aonecoa 

Ch JltCHOfi OnymKH B3B0JIH0BaHHHtt, paAOCTHHfl OKpHK-B: 

— OpeitJiefiHB MyTa! (|)petoe0H'B Jleni^'B! 

H aCCeCOp'B HlHpMep'B, nOSafiHB'B O CBOeM-b AOCTOHHCTB'fc 

KoppeKTHaro mojioaofo ^ejioB'feKa fin de sifecle, B'B HicKOjiBKo 

npH5KK0B'B, OTHIOAb He BJieraHTHHX'B, cS'femaJI'B Cb OTKOCa BHCO- 

Karo 6epera bhh3'b. 

Myxa npnpocjia k'b M'fecry, cjiobho mena JoTa, oOpameHHaa 

B'B COJiaHOfi CTOJlC-b. 


„COBPEMBHHHH THHl". 209 

— rocnoAH! — BCKpHKHyjia ona, ysHaBt ero, HaKoneu'L, ii ci> 
pacnpocTepTHMH oO'BflTiiiMH noCimaJia ki> ncMy HaBCipi^y. 

— MyTa! Boti> paAOCTb-To! OTKy^a bh? KaKi> bh nonajm 
ciojia? 

Ona cM-feHJiacfc. — Hai* MioHxeHa. ii ymiy ne nepBoe ji^to 
npoBoaty satcB. PaaB-fe h BaMi> ne pascKaaHBajia? fl BJHoCjiena 
BTb 3T0TTb 6eper:b... Ho KaKi> »ce... — ona, KpacHia, CMOxpijia na 
CBOH 6ocua. HorH, noKpHBniiaca HeKpacHBOtl nec^anofl Kopofl, — 
noroAHTC MHHyTKy, a. cefinacB... 

Ona ynpHJiacb B'b cbok) necoHHyio HopKy h nonpaBHJia cBoft 
TyajierL. 

Cama inHpMepi> HcuHTHBajiL laKoe ^yBCTBO, KaKi) (5yAT0 
offB BoceMB MicimeB-b mHJiTb, KaKTb aBTOMarB, H TOJibKO Tenepb 
npocnyjica h CAiJiajicii nacToamHM'b ^eJiOBtaoM'b. 

Oh^b paAOBajica, pa^oBajicH, KaK-b aypaicb, KaK-b caMHiff ae- 
jieHHJtt lonei^'b. 

— B-b cymHOCTH, 3T0 o^eHb TporaieJibHo, tio si xaKi* cna- 
cTjinB-b aTo:a BCTptnefi, nocjrfe Toro Kaicb bh TdiKh Mena o6h- 
flijm; aTO AOKasHBaeTTb mok) AoOpory, — roBopHJii) on^b, huh pn- 
flOM'b cb MyToit no Cepery. 

— 51 — Bacb — ofiHA'feJia? fl 6h ;Kejiajia anaTb, kto Koro! 

— He OTBtTHTb HH CTpOHKH Ha DHCbMO Bl> apiHHH'b JIJIHHOfl, 

Ha i^'fejnafi howl Apy^ecKHX-b HBJiiHnift bo BKyct nponjjiaro 

CTOJltTiH... 

— KaKh 3T0 „He oTB'feTHTb"? fl BaM-b ceft^acb ^e nanncajia 
TaKoe MHJioe, jiacKOBoe... 

Ohi> ci> yAHBJienieM'b cMOTpiji'b na nee. — Bh otb^thjih? 
Hy, 3HaHHTi> 3T0 BHHa HoAOiJibCKaro. Hjih me, — eny BApyrb 
BcnoMHHJiocb 3jiopaAHO yjiHOaiomeecji jihhhko B'fepH: ona 
BcerAa jiynaBO yjiH6ajiacb, KorAa on-b cnpamHBaji't: nirb jih 
ifHceM-b? — HJiH me co MHOft cHrpajiH sjiyio myTKy. 

H TOJibKO Tenepb, npn BOcnoMHHaBdH, ohT) hcho coanaji'b, 
CKOJibKHx-b ropbRHXi) HacoBi> cTOHJia eny 9Ta myTKa. 

CoMH'feHba Hirb, Bipa na Bce cnoco6Ha... Ho Tenepb ne Bpena 
cepAHTbca. Tenepb 5KH3Hb T!ejn> hcho eny yjiHSaeTca. 

Myra mjia pn^ioMTi ci> HHM-b no rjiyCoKOMy necKy, KpynnHM-b 
TBepAHMTb maroMi). KaKaa ona cjiaBHaa, 9Ta MyTa! Ela rjiasa 
CB'bTHJiHCb, O'fejiHe 3y6H CBepKajiH, orb Bcefl ea cTaTHofi (|)HrypH 

B'taJIO SaJlBXOWh Jltca, TpaB-b H 3AOpOBOBt CB'femeCTbK) SeMJIH. 

Ona pa3CKa3HBajia o cedi — KaK'b ona paCoTajia bt^ 9th: no- 
cjrfeAHia Tpn ^eTBepTH roAa h KaK'b ona 5KHBerb 3A'fecb, b-b 
HeiieHAop(|)'fe. HpeatA© ona Bcer;ia nanHMajia KOMHaTy b^b OAHOit 
pHda^bef! ceMbi, ho Tenepb CTapnfi pnOaKi) ynepi) h BcfeMi) 
AOMOMi) npaBHTb BJHOKa-HeBicTKa. ^Jia MyTH nponajio Bce ona- 
poBanie, h ona nocejinjiacb y AOKTopmn Oorejrbsanr'b — KaKoe 
cJiaBHoe, Becejioe JitTHee hmh! — a oOiAaerb bI) rocTHnna'fe. 

?4 4. Ot;^*^^* I. 14 


210 pyOCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

Enpo^eMt, OHa ne oahe, 06a ea MDHxencide npiaiejiH toskq 

— Hey^eJIH H TOXTb, KOTOpHft J\&GTb CMepTOyCiftCTBeHHHH 

Myxa 3B0HK0 pacxoxoTajiact. 

— Hy paayMieTca. BHpKxy6ep'B h KpoBomaAHHil OpimxeH^. 
BoTB Cy^CTTb Becejio, Kor^a bh no3HaKOMHTecb cb hhmh! Bh, 
KOHe^Ho, ocTanoBHJiHCb Bi) Kyprayai? 

— HtrB, B'b MncApoi. Ho bo3M05kho, hto a nepe'feAy cioAa. 
H, KorAa OHH npoiu;ajiHCb na aaKarfe cojiHUia, Cama y^^e 

TBepAO piniHJi'B nepe'fexaTb. 

— H He Bi> cocToaHiH AOJibme BHHOCHTb 3A'feniHefl cyeiH,— 
o6i>aBHJi'b OH-B Bt TOT'b TRQ BB^cpi) CBOHM'B. — 3aBTpa SI nepece- 
jiaiocb BT> HelteHAop(|)'b jiobhtb KanOajiy. 

— To ecTb... — B'b YOTBepr-b th, KOHeHHO, Bepnembca? — 3aM'fe- 
THJia Bipa ci> KpacHopi^HBofl ycM'femKofl:, — th 3Haeinb, mm 
mACM-b rocxefi. 

— 9x0 CyAex-b saBHcixb ox-b cocxoaHia Moero SAopoBba. 

XII. 

— Hy, KaK-b OH-b BQMTy HpaBHxca? — cnpamHBajia Myxa JIchi^Tj, 
BXOAa B'b cB'bxjiyK) KOMHaxy o xpex'b oKnaxib, napaAHyio kom- 
Haxy Aa^H OoreJibsanr'b, cjiyacHBinyK) MacxepcKoBt h rocxHHOit 
MOJioAOfit xyAOSKHHii;^ H o6oHM'b ea KOJUieraM'b. 

OAHH-b H3'b niLThy AjT0H3'b BnpKxyCepib, cxoaji-b nepeA'b MOJib- 
6epxoM'b H nHcaji-b; 3X0 6ujn> KpynHHit, MycKyjiHcxHit ^ejiOB^K-B, 
B'b mepcxaHoii (j[)y(|)afl[K'fe, cb KyApaBHMH xeMHopycHMH bojio- 
caMH H roJioBOft cb KapxHHH ^e$perepa. 

^pyroit, OpHiii'b HIoAejib, xopomeHbKiJt najib^HK'b, cB-fexJiKfl 

fiJIOHAHH'b, Cb yAHBHXeJIbHO MOJIOAHM'b JIHI^OM'b H JierKHM* 

oxx'feHKOM'b myxoBCXBa B'b oCpaniiefliz, cuji'hjrh y OKna h cxapa- 
xejibHO ^HCXHji'b naxHo Ha CBoeM'b rajicxyx'b, H3AajiH ObioniieM'b 
B'b rjia3a apKocxbio iiiB'fcxoB'b, MteJixHM'b ci> apKO - 3eJieHHMb 
ysopoM-b. 

— Mbi OH'b HpaBHxca, — oxB'fexHJi'b OpHi^'b nioAe<iib Cb 3a- 

M'feXHHMTb XIOpZHreHCKHMTb aKUjeHXOM'b, — Hpe3BHHafiH0 HpaBHXCfl. 

y Mena b'^ab ^cxb H'feKoxopaa CKJioHHocxb Kb apHCxoKpaxnsMj'', 
He npaBAa jm? A y axoro CHHbopa xaKOit bhatb, KaK'b CyAxo 
ero HaAO BejiH^axb no MenbrneK M-fep-fe „ciaxejibcxBOM'b". 

— OpHi^'b B.3i> yBaacenia K'b neny js^sMe nHxaexca BHBecxH 
naxHO Ha CBoeM'b rajicxyx'fe, — npoBop^ajii) ceC'fe noA'b Hocb BnpK- 
xydep-b, — ^HJiH XH, noacajiyft, onaxb BJirofijien'b, noB'feca? 

Ho MH-feniK) BHpKxy6epa ycHJieHHHe nopHBH K'b ^Hcxoxi 
BcerAa aBJiajiHCb noAOspnxejibHHM'b npii3HaK0M'b Hapyniema 

cepAennaro paBHOB'fecia. 


w 


COBPEMEHHHfl THII1>". 211 


— Hy-cb, a BH HTO CKa^exe o mocm-b iiiTeTTHHCKOMi> Apyrii? — 
Myra cTajia nepe^'B MOJibCepTOM'B, BHHmAaTejiBHO CMOipa na 
BHpKxyOepa. 

HacTb TOMy naaaAB Cama BnepBHe aBHJicii bb axo rn-fea- 
j^HmKo 5KejiaHHtiM'B rocTeMB. 

BnpKxyCep'B no^KaJit njie^aMH. — H? — Hn^ero. CKamHie-Ka, 
t|)petJjieitH'i> Myra, sa^hwhowb coGcTBeHHO nomajioBajit cioAa. 

5KapKaH KpacKa aajiHJia en meKH. — Sa^q-feMB? Borne Moil! 
^to6h noAHmaTf) ■qzcTHM'B B03AyxoMi>. H ymB BHa^y, JIohbjib, 

BaMl> OWh He COBC'feM'L-TO HO BKyCy. Owh JIJIR BaCB CJIHmKOM'B 

iT^JimeH'B. 

KyApaBHft CaBapei^B He c^eji'L Hy^HtiMi) OTB'feTHTb h cHOBa 
;yrjiy6BJTC5i bb paCoTy. 

-^ Hy "^TO? KaKOBO? — BOCKJIHKHyjTb OHB HeMHOFO HOrOA^, 
OTO^AH OTB MOJIbOepTa, BHBHBaronijHM'b TOHOMTb. 

OfCb ycBOHJi'b ceCi TexHZKy, Koropyro Myia He o"qeHb-To 
OAoOpajia — HaKJiaAHBanie mTpirxaMz HecM'femaHHHX'b Kpaco^- 
nHX-B TOHOB'b, npH ^eMB xpyAB CM'femema h cjiinniii hx-b B-b 
OAHO iipeAOcraBJiHJica rjiasy spHTeJia. — BnAnre bh nepeAi> co6oio 
necoKB Ha A^naxB, sajiHTHft jiynaMii nojiyAeHnapo cojmr^a! 

BHAHTe HJIH HtTB? 

— OcB'feui;eHie xopoino nepeAano, — corjiacHJiacb Myia. — Ho 
Tenepb npo^b najiHTpy. H^eMB KopMHTbC^ bb kypraysB. 

— Moit TyaJieiB neAOJiorB, — 0T03Bajica BnpRxydepB h cno- 
KoittHO npoAOJi^ajiB pncoBaTb, MesKAy tSmb, KaKB Myia ymjia 
B-b GBOK) KOMopKy, a IIIoAejib npHxopaniHBajicH nepeAB aepKa- 

JIOMB. 

Myra aojito ne BOBBpamajiacb. 

— OAHaKO, ceroAH>r ett nonaAoOHJiocb MHoro BpeneHH, ^to6h 
BHMHTb pyKH, — upoBop^ajiB BnpKxyCepB. 

nioAejib xHXHKHyjiB. — PeBHyenib, cTapHHa? OAHaKO, th pano 
Ha^ajiB! 

— IIoAH th! He roBopH nomjjocTeiJ. 

HBHJiacb Myia, o"qeHb TiAaxejibHo oA'feTa^, hohth napaAHaa, 

B1> BOBAyniHOltt 5KeJIT0fl[ 6aTHCT0B0ft 6jiy3K'fe — H BCfe Tpoe MHpHO 

nonicJiH „Ha Kopne^Ky" bb KypraysB, ao KOToparo 6hjio Bcero 
HifecKOJibKo maroBB, 

Cama HlnpMepB CTOHJi'b y ABepeit ctojioboK. 

— a nponycKaio mhmo ce6H ciaAo, KaKB Gjia^KeHHofl: naMiiTii 
IIoJiH(|)eMB, — oCb^bhjib ohb, cepiie^HO no^KiiMaa pyKH mojio- 
ABLMB xyAO^tHHKaMB, — SA'fecb ecTb HyAec&tllniie thhh TypE- 

-CTOBB (|)HJIHCTepOBB. 

Ohb cfejTB pHAOMB CB Myiott h npHHii.jicH , mecTOKo kphtb- 
KOBaTb oOncecTBO, coOpaBmeec^ 3a ctojiomb. 06biKHOBeHHO ohb 
fle oCpamajTb HHKaKoro BHHMamH na cbohxb cochjieil no TaCjib 
jX'oTy, ho npH Myrt Bce AocTaBJiiiJio eny yAOBOJibCTBie. 

14* 


212 " pyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

CKOpO OH'L aaMiTHJTB, ^TO KOHei^'B CTOJia, SaHHMaeMHJt XyA05K-* 
HHKaMH, flBJMJICa KaK^B (5H JJ^XOBBHWh I^eHTpOMIb. Bob 0C06eH- 

HOCTH BHA^Ji^Jica OpHi^-B Illoflejib, CHnaBmifl AenieBHM'B ocTpo- 
yMieMt HanpaBO h Hajrfeso. 

Myra rhwb BpeMeneMt noMoraJia HOBonpnCHBineMy opieHTH- 
poBaTBca cpeAH oKpyataiomHX'B. Bohi> chaht'b b^hho He^oBOJib- 
BuH y^HTejib, KOTopHfi nocTOflHHo 6paHHn> tjny, ero MajieHBKaa 
CojiisHeHHaa ^ena, b^^ho Boioiomaa co cbohmh ^erapbMa ne- 
nocjiymHHMH, npo«copjmBHMH a'^tbmh, h cynpyra cOopmHKa 
noAaTefi cb AByna BOJioxymaHMH AO^KaMH, nojiynHBinHMH npo- 
3BHiii;e „o6pa30BaHHHxi> a^bhii;!*", noiOMy hto MaMama hx-k 
BctMB H KaJKAOMy TpyCHTB Bt ymH: „moh AjiBMo^Ka h Mhh- 
xeH-B He KpacaBHiiH, ho y^B 3a to Mory cKasaib: ^pe3BH^aftH0 
oCpasoBaHHiM a^bhi^h! MHHxen'B ^HTaexTb tojibko no-nrajibaHCKH, 
AjibMO^Ka sue BHy^HJiacb b-b KOHcepBaTopin BceMy — ny 6yK- 
BajibHo BceMy — h na ^opTenb^naxB, h na CKpnnK'fe, h na Bio- 
jiOH^ejiH — Aa5Ke caMoK npeMy^pocTH, KOHTpanynKxy — h to y^H- 
jiacB**... 

K-B cqacTBK), Ha jidiTb Oorejib3aHr'B ne 6hjio poajia, h Ajib- 
MO'iKa Morjia aoboahtb jsfi OT^aania cbohx'b coctA^fl tojibko 

HrpOK) Ha CTpyHHHXB HHCTpyMeHTax-B. 

P^AOM-B CB MHHxen'B cHA'feJi'B Hiidit rocnoAHH'B niioTTe^ 
Mpa^HHfl[ cyC-BeRrB ci> jihi^om-b ^eJiOBiKa, CTpaAaionxaro KaTap- 
poMi> mejiyAKa, hh cb K^MTb ne pa3roBapHBaBniifl, HHTaBmili 3a. 
oC'feAOMB raseTH h noJiy^aBHiift HHorAa nncBMa :bbj> PoccIh^ 
BCJi'feACTBie ^ero „o6pa30BaHHHH a^bhi^h" naxoAHJiH ero o^chb 

HHTepeCHHMB. Offfe TOJIBKO COMHi[iBaJIHCB, HHrHJIHCTB JIH OHI), 

hjih ace TOMHTca nec^acTHoft jhoOobbk). MnnxeHB ciuioHajiacB 
CojiBme B-B nojiBsy nocjiiAHaro h A'fe«Jiajia hohhtkh yTibniHTB ero 

npHB'feTJmBHMH BSTJIH^BMEL H CjiarOCKJIOHHHM'B HOAOABHrameMB. 
COJIOHOK-B. f 

BfiEJia BA^CB em;e CTapaa aKTpHca— MajienBKoe, acaJiKoe, H3- 
coxmee cymecTBo, oxotho BcnoMHHaBmee to BpeMa, „KorAa 
BoJiBTepob H a BMicT'fe HrpajiH bb ByprB-Teafpi". TenepB ona, 
Kh coacaji'feHiK), HrpaerB tojibko KOMH^ecKHXB cTapyx'B bb Ma- 
jieHBKOMB cHJieBCKOM'B TopoAKt. — Ona yMiJia pascKasHsaTB 
o^eHB 3a6aBHHa BaKyjiacHHa HCTopin h Bcfe ee jik)6hjih 

3a rjiaSHHMB ctojiomb nocepeAHHi npeo6jiaAaJiH npoAcra- 
BHTeJiH BHcmHXB cjioeBi> cpeAHaro cocJiOBia: SA'fecB CHA^Jia. 
nomHJiaa o$Hii;epcKaa ^eTa, npHBiTJiHBo CHHCxoAHTejiBHaa, toji- 
CTHft caHHTapHHft BpaH'B, ceMe:KcTB0 aABOKaTa h3b IIlTyrrapTa, 
CB xopoineHBKo:K ao^koK hoapoctkom'b, merojiaBnieii pocKonmofi 
pycoK Kocoft H 6e3npecTaHH0 XHXHKaBmefii. A nanpoTHBTb hxte>. 
AOJiroBa3H]0t rHMHa3HCTB, BJiH)6jieHHHfi B'B noApocTKa H JIK)6HB- 
mia pa3HrpHBaTB hs^b ce6a ocipoyMHaro mojioaofo "^ejiosiKa^ 
B'B ^eM'B eMy M'femajio tojibko to oCcToaTeJiBCTBO, ^to ohb na-v 


„COBPEMllHHHfi THni.". 213 

xo,JlHJica KBKi. pas's 3% nepioA* nepejioMa rojioca, h KaataHB 
past, KOKT) CMy xmi'knocb CKaaaTt ^TO-HHOyflt ocoOghho ocTpo- 
jMHoe, rojiocx y Hero cpuBajicfl. 

BoJibine Bcero 6h;io 8a ctojiom'b A*TBopH h noMUHjHxt 

flaMT>: MaJIOKpOBHHST. yiHTeJIbHHIi:b, HepBHHX'b OflHHOKHXlj HceH- 

ii^iE'i., BflOB'b, nattyHaromaxi. CKpoMHyw ncHciio. 

— ■ Ho caMoe Jiyiraee eiu;e BnepesH, — ysipfljia Myra. — Bon, 
ysHflHTe: nacToamaa KpacaBHiia! — atena KanHrana Poaez'h. Ce- 
roflHJi BOCKpecGHte, SHa'^HTb, Po/teKH 6yayTi) 06'feflaTb Bt oreji't. 
Ohh coOctseHHO atHByTL co CBOitMH TpeMfl copBaniiaMH Majib- 
'iHinKaMHS Bi. pHCaiLett XHatimt, cbohmi. xoaaflcTBOMt, ho no 
npaBAEHKaMi.... Hy botb, CMOTpirpe! — Korfla roBOpan. cojiHui... 

B-b asepax'b noKaaajiaCb nojiHaa GtjiOKypaa MOJiOflaa aten- 
ii];HHa ch coHHnMH raasauH, nofli. pyKy cb cbohjtl MOJioAi;oBa- 
TbiM-b cynpyroMi, THnoMt apMefloKaro ocfiHEiepa, KOTopHfl, na- 
B'fepHoe, HHKorfla He flOMCAexCH reHepajibCKHXX JiaMnacoBt. 

— Hy HTO? BHflajiH bh Koraa-HHOynb TaKofl pyMflHei;'b h 
TaKie ^yflHHe sojioxbie bojioch? — cnpamHsajia Myra, JiioCyacb 
noflSOAHBinefl KpacaBHEieB. — Opea, Covsaa mhocth, bi. noA- 
MeTKH eft ee roflnrca! 

Caina HameJTb xBajienyio Kpacoiy aoBOJibHo opAHHapnofl. 
OcjrtnaxejibHHfl u.s'tTb Jini^a — 9to npaBfla! Ho caMa Myra cb 
ropffutHMH 0Ti> BocxHuiema rjiasaMH npasHJiaob eMy ropasflo 
CoJibme, TfeMi. 3Ta oi|)HiiepcKafl atena ct, ea rnynofl, ifjierMa- 
THHecKoft yjrafiKofl. A BopoieMt, Hsiero, ne Bpeflnaa CaCenKa. 
Brb npoflojiateme Bcero oGtaa ona roBopajia pHdax:b. PoAeKW 
nHTajiHCb Tenepb HCKJiHtiareJibHO MopcKoCt pnOofl, Koropyio Ka- 
nHraHt coCcTBCHHopynHO JioBiun> Kaatfloe yTpo h itaawoe yipo 
ciacTJiHBafl napo^Ka CHosa h cBOsa BDcxHmaJiacb fleineBH3H0(l 
RToro npeBocxoAHaro nHiaTejibHaro peatHMa. BajiTificKoe Mope 
npHBJieKajio hxt. rjiasHHMt oCpaaoMi. oCHJiieMt KaMCajiH! 

nocji'fe oG'fefla Myra npefljroatmia ApyabaM-b „KOJUieKTHBHo 
BSApeMHyxb". 

Cama eaxoAHat yAOBojibCTBie Jieffiaib Bt CHpoIi ipaBi, na 
atecTKHXi. KopHflxt, npeAOCTaBJUia CBoe Jimio h pyKH bi. pacno- 
pflatenie KOMapoBX, luieraea h BCaKHX-b MypameK-b, no MeaBineft 
irfep'fe coMHHTejibHaM'b, ho eMy ae xorfejiocb nepeiHib Myrfe. 

H OHH yAerjmcb: oOa xyAoatHBica na caMOM'b j^i-irh ycnyAo; 
Myra h Cama TOJibKO fl-fejiajiH bha^, ^to cnflTB. Cama cMoipiJTb 
c6oKy Ha KpynHyio, BUisHyTyio na Tpast ateHCKyro (JiHrypy. — 
^HBHoe rbjio! PaAH 9Toro Moatno npocTHTb efl mzpOKui cKyjiH 
H TOJiCTHfi HOOt!.. Myia HyBCTBOBajia, KaKt ero BarjiaAt CKOjib- 
BHTb HO efl i|)Hrypt, H efl 6hjio cthaho... Eojih 6u eme ona 
OHJia KpacHBaa, 3JieraHTHaa flaMa... a to oHa laKaa rpyOaa, 
MyatHKOBaTaa, Bt rpyCux'b KoataHHX'b OaraMaKaxi. — h fiamnaKH 
TO, KaK-b HapoHHO, ct BanjiaTaMH! Moatao ceOt npeACTaBaib, 


214: PyOCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

KaKi> 6yjieTh BosMyiniaTbca hmh btotl HSHiuHHit jj,dRj\iiL H ona 
sacTiHHHBo noAoCpajia Horn hoa'b H)6Ky h nJiOTHie saKpHJia 
rjiaaa... Eio BApyri) OBJiaAicHO Htry^ee ^ejiame Cktb KpacHBOft, 
oOojibCTHTejibHoli, HpaBHTbca eMy — yBH^aTb, KaK-b BcnHXHenx 
CTpacTbK) 9T0 Ojii^Hoe, ycTajioe jihao — Borb aoji^ho 6HTb bo- 
CTopri>-To! 

Kor^a AjiOH3'b h OpHii,!) BoacTajiH orb cea, o6jier^HBmaro 
HM-b nameBapeme, Bct ^eiBepo nomjiH dpoAHTb no AepeBHi, 
B-b noHCKax'b 8a „THnaMH". MyTa h EzpRxyCep-b co MHorHMH 
HST* pHfiaKOB'b 6hjiz y^e na Apy^ecKofi Hori, ho Opni^Tb nio- 
Aejib HHKaK'b He Mor'b noAHCKaTb naOTe^aiuaro Tona. HanpacHO 
OKb ycepACTBOBajii), CTapa^cb roBopHTb na noMepaHCKOM-b na- 
ptniH — pH6aKH TOJibKO CM-feHJiHCb BMy Bi) jiimo, CpocaH Ha 
Hero cocTpaAaTejrbHO-HacMtmjiHBHe BsrjiHAH, a oAHH'b ciapn- 
^eKi) Aaate cnpocna'b MyTy, ne no-anrjiiacKH jih roBopHT'b 

MOJIOAOft CapMH'b. 

Accecop'b, npHBbOcmiit TOJibKO kI) nyieniecTBiHM'b en grand 
H MOAEHM-b KypopiaM^, oKyHyjicH B-b coBepnieHHO HOByK) jxjm 

Hero 5KH3Hb. 

Ho 9Ta a?H3Hb eMy HpaBHJiacb. 

3Ta HenpHHysKAeHHocTb, CjmsocTb Kh npHpoA^, no yipaM'b 
coBMicTHoe maxaHbe no 6epery, BCTp-fe^n nocji'fe Kynanba na 
ycjioBJieHHOM'b Micrfe BI3 Jiicy, hto6h cbicib BaxBaHenHbrti cb 
C060K) saBTpaK-b, AOJiria nporyjiKH niniKOM'b no oKpecTHOCTHM'b, 
THxie ^acH pasAyMb^ n rpea-b B-b ji'fecHoit. Tinn, hjih na necKi 
AroHT> — Bce 8T0 6hjio eMy no Aym-fe. A no BenepaM-b ycTpanBa- 

JIHCb HeBHHHH^ MajIOHbRiH HpaBAHeCTBa, JS,;jia. K0.T0pHXI> B'b 

HeKeHAop^i BcerAa naxoAHJiacb npnHHHa. B'b jiepBHfl 5Ke 
Benepi) peGHTnniKH, noAi) pyKOBOACTBOM-b MyTH, paasejin na 
Cepery ^mepTBeHHHfl KOCTop'b" — onn HicKOJibKO AHeit nepeAt» 
rfeM-b coCnpajiH XBopocirb n cynba! — n Bci Aa^HHKH co(5pa- 
jiHCb nojiH)6oBaTbca 9T0ii KapTnnoa. rnMnasHCT'b c^h oOpHBaio- 
ni;HMCii rojiocoMb nycKaji'b niyinxn n paneTH; aboo nosKHJiHX'b 
Aa^HHKOB'b, KaKi) OKasajiocb, saxBaTHJiH cb coSoft Bce nymnoe 
AJiH BecbMa CKpoMHaro Kpromona: MHoro cejibTepcKOii boah, 

MHOrO KHCJIOft JltCHOfi SeMJIHHHKH H HeMHoro BHHa. Ho Bce 

BaTMHJia co6oft ocBiuienHaa SeHrajibCKHMij ornoMTb mnBaa Rap- 
THHa — QjiruyB.ji'h n SnrjiHHAa, H3o6pamaeMHe EHpRxyCepoM-b h 
KpacaBHueft RannTannieit. KapTnna, paByMieTC^, fiHJia nocTa- 
Bjiena MyToit, n Bcfe ocTajiHCb o^enb AOBOJibHH eio, RpoMt 
3JiaTORyApotl SHrjiHHAH — Myxa 3acTaBHJia ee naA'feTb TaKofi Jier- 
Rili KOCTioM'b, H Oil GijiocHtsKHHa pyRH TaR-b AOJiro noABepra- 
jiHCb Bjiiamio no^Horo xojiOAa, ^to nocji^ACTBieM'b aioro 6ujrh 

^KeCTORift .HacMopR-b. 

— HnRorAa Gojibme ne 6yAy y^acTBOBaib B'b mnBHX'b Rap- 
THHax'b Ha oTRpHTOM'b BOBAyx-fe! — 5KajioBajiacb Ha Apyroft A^HB 


n 


COBPEMEHHHft THDl**. 215 


^•feAHH^KKa, HHxan, CMopKaacb H nOMHHyiHO BHTHpan CJieSH, — 

TaK1> M05KH0 IipOCTyAHTBCil Ha CMepTb! I 

— PaOT KpacoTH ctohtb h nocTpaAaiB, — yrtinajia Myia. 
Ho ea. a^epTBa He yn-fejia CMOTpiib na Bem;iT TaK'B bo3bh- 

ineHHO. 

— Hxh! ^xh! BaM^B xopoino tobophtb! 

XIII. 

BeaoTpaaHHe AosKAJiHBHe ahh. 

C-B yipa AO HO^H Bce Ta ;Ke cfepaa MOKpaa aasiea ao^ah. 

Hh oahh-b jiyHi> CBtia ne npoHHKacTib ckbobb TumesmH 

cBHHi];oBH5i Ty^iH, H MajieHBKif! Hefi[eHAop(|)CKift Kyprays'B co 

CBOeit CKpOMHOit CBHTOfi MeOjIHpOBaHHHX'B Aa^'B JieJKHTB TaKB 
THXO H OAHHOKO CpeAH BCJieHHXB JliCOB-B H JiyrOBl), CJIOBHO 

ABopei^i) cnHn],eK KpacaBHij;H. Hh OAHa Aynia ne cwherb noKa- 
saTB Hoca Ha Ceper-B. H Bcfe bb AypHOM-B pacnojio5KeHiH Ayxa. 

Ha AaH'fe OorejiBaanr'B ii;apHJio HenpiiiTHoe 05KHBJieHie. 

JKena noAaTHoro HHcneKTopa ccopHjiacB b-b cBoeit MaHcapA* 
CB MJiaAmeM Ao^epBio, h oOt TaKB KpH^aJiii, ^tohxb Ghjio cjiheiho 
BHH3y. Jlpyran oGpasoBaHHaa A^BHina ne nepecTaBaa nrpajia 
3TI0AH, H cKpHHRa H3AaBajia TaKie ^si^hmKBue SByKH, cjiobho 
OHa npocxyAHJiacB b^l Aypnyio noroAy. BHHsy HencTOBCTBOBajiH 
A^TH yHHxejiH; y caMaro MajieHBKaro 6oji'fejiB jkhbot'b, h ohb 
KpH^aji'B, KaKi) sap-iaanHHtt, ao Toro, hto OpHi^i> nioA^JiB cb 
cHJioia pacnaxHyji'B ABepB CBoeii KOMHaiH HKpiiKHyji'B xoa^to'fe, 
iipHfinpaBmeli b-b cfeHirxi): „Opay OorejiBsaHr'b, Aa noAHTe ^e 
BH BHH3'B H yOetoe 8Toro pedeHKa!" Cano coCoft HaAOJiiofiHBaa 
MEMaina cjiHmajia 3Ty npocBCy, CTpamno oCHAiJiacB h nocjiajia 
Myma naBepx-B — 3aAaTL xopomeHBKO MOJiOAOMy ^ojiOBtey 3a ero 
^CeBEpHMtpHyK) rpyCocTB". 

MyTa Jleni^'B h BnpKxyCep'B ne coniJiHCB MHtmaMZ b-b Ka- 
KOM'B-To coBepmeHHo CesoCzAHOM'B TexHH^ecKOM'B Bonpocfe H 
no 3T0My noBony BecB a6hb roBopHJiH Apyr^B Apyry kojikocth. 
A Cama ElnpMep'B Jiemaji-B bb Kyprayst na ^KecTKOMi) ah- 
BaHi, BHKypHBaa ropa3AO OodiBme CHrapeTOKB, ^^m-b to 6hjio 
eMy nojie3Ho, h pa3MHmjiHJiB o tomT), ne yfexaTB jih eMy 3aBTpa 
^e yTpoMi) BB KaKofl-HHCyAB 6ojiBnioft ropoAi> cb ac(|)ajiBTo- 

BHMH MOCTOBHMH H 5ipK0 OCB'feni;eHHHMH Ka(|)a — HaupHM'fep'B, B'B 

BtHy... 

TaKB HacTynHJi-B Be^epB. 

3a odiAOMTb DiapHJio to sue nacTpoenie h TeMnepaTypa fiHJia 
HHace Hyjia. Ho noAi? Koneiii'B ymnna MyTa noAHHJiacB cb MicTa, 
nosBenijia JioaceHKOft o CTaKanib h cKa3ajia MajieHBKyio k)mo- 

pHCTH^eCKyK) pi^B, npH3HBa^ OfimeCTBO KB COBWhCTEOPi 6opB6'fe 

npoTHBi) oOmaro Bpara — cnjinna. 


1 


I 

216 PyOCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

9to noA'feficTOBOBajio. 

Ho OKOH^aniH yHCHHa nocirfeinHjm OHHCTHTb aajit, Ajiohs'b 
EnpRxyCept yctjica 3a (|)opTeni>aHO h aaCapaOaHiiji'B myMHyio 
noJifcKy, rHMHasHCT'B Ra,TSiEjjii> napy nponoTfeBraHxi) nep^aTOK'b 
H npHrjiacHJTB xopomeHbKaro noApocTKa, OpHECB JRojiQjrb — o6- 
paaoBaHHyK) MHHxeH'b, a y^HiejiB— cboh) MSJieHbKyio SKeny, npn 
^eMi) o6a oneHb cTapajiHCB nonacTL bi> TaKi-B h HHKaKi> 3to 
RWh He yuaBajiocb. BcKopi HMnpoBHBupoBaHHHtt Cajix 6u3n> wh 
no^HOM'b paarapi. 

Cama UfapMept CToajit bt> yrojncfe h c^ CHHCxoflHTeJibHoft 
yjiHfiKofl CMOTpiji'B Ha Tani^H, noxtmaacb na^i-b KOCOJiauHM'b 
y^iHTe.TieM'B h npusKKaMH rHMHasHCTa; oh-b naxoAHJiib, tto Bt 
KOMHait OTBpaTHrejibHo naxnerb hotom'b h cHpocTbio. 

HejibBii me orb Hero TpeCoBaTb, ^toC'b h oH'b nycTHJicn BTb 
nji^cb ^cji'feA'B 3a ApyrHMH. 

IIpaaBAa — MyTa... 

Bo5Ke MoU, HaAO ace ee npHrjiacHib xoTb na oahht> xyp^. 
Ona, HaBtpnoe, OTBpaTHBeJibHO TaHuiyerB, 9Ta njiOTHaa, raate- 
JioBtcHan MyTal.. 

XoTb 6h OHa OTKaaajia. 

Ho Hirb! Ona jiB^e BCKpHKHyjia: „HaKOHeD;'b-To!" — Kor;ia 
OH'b noi^omeji'L Kb nefl, h noAHajiacb, bch ciaromjaH. 

KaK-b paai) nepeAt Thwh BnpKxyCep'b Banrpaji-b BajibCb. 

H ©HH nonecJiHCb no HenaiepTOMy, nepoBHOMy nojiy. OAHaKo, 
OTJiH^Ho BHXOAHTb, npHMO xaKH OTJiHHHo! Cama HHKorAa 6h 
He noB'fepHJi'b, hto6h aiorb BajibCb Mor-b AOcxaBHTb eMy la- 
Koe HacjiaacAenie. JJfi ona BejiHROJiinno lanqyerb — 3Ta pocjiaa 
Myxa — coBctM'b, coBciM'b nnane, ^'feM'b ^HHHHa niTeTTHH- 

CKiH A'feBHIXH, BHApeCCHpOBaHHHH TaHUjMettCTepOM'b, H He TaKT), 

KaK'b AaMH cBtxa h nojiycBtxa B'b Bepjinnt h HapMSKi— He 
TO, KaK-b MenaAa, ne to, KaKTb Becejian KpecTbflHCKaa A'bBKa. 
KaKofi[ noAxeM-b, yBipenHocTb B'b ABHmemHX'b, neyTOMHMOCTb! 
Ona npHMo yBJieKaerb sa co6ok) KaBajiepa,.. KanaH acaaKAa na- 
cjia^KAeHia h ^HsnepaAOCTHOCTb B'b btomI) CHJibHOM'b ^KencKOMt 
T-fejii — acapKan, atry^aa ^aacAa hchshh, KOTopoK rfecHO bb Jiym% 
KOTopaa npocHT-b myna, ABH^Kenia flio H3HeM05KeHia, ao nojiHOft 
noTepH cHJi'b... 

Ona 6HJia HeyTOMHMa. 

niecTb — ceMb TypoBi) yme CA'feJiajiH ohh BOKpyr'b KOMHaTti, 
a MyTi Bce 6hjio Majio. 

HaKonei^'b, Cama no^yBCTBOBaji-b, ^to Gojibme oHb He mo- 
5Kerb, H Kpyro ocTanoBHjica. JJ^iBymKa CMOTp-fejia eMy bi> rjia3a, 
CiaacoHHo yjiHfiaacb h AHma rjiyCoKO, nojmott rpyAbio. 

— KaK*!* xopomo! — Axi)!.. 

— JKapKo o^eHb!— cKasajTb OH'b h noBejib cbok) Aany Kt 
OTKpHTOtt ABepH BepaHAH. 


J 


„OOBPEMEHHHfi THHTb". 217 

IIpH 9T0Mi> OBTb cjieFKa npH^KSui'b Ki) ceCt ea pyKy. Ona 
He npoTHBHJiaeb h ao^kb caMa ^yTb saMiTHMMTb jiBiisKeEiewb 
npHJiBHyjia k% ero njieny. 

— noTOMi> MB! eiue paaoK'b npoTanqyeMT) BMicrfe, — CKaaajia 
ona. — 3to 6hjto TaKi>... TaKi>... 

Bi> 9Ty MHHyTy kij Heft noAomeji'L AjioHst BHpKxy6epi>. 
OAHa HBi) noOpoAyniHHX'b yHHTejii>HHii;i> saM'feHHJia ero y 
iposijisi, H eny Tome xoTtjiocb noBajibcnpoBaTb ciy MyToft. 

— BiAt> HaAO ace BaMT> cnepBa xoxb neMHoro OTAOxnyTb, — 
saM'feTHJi'b Cama. 

Ho ona noKanajia rojioBOft. — OTjioxnyTb? orb ^ero? — h lio- 
jib^KHJia pyKy na njie^o xyAOHCHHKa. 

— HyAHan napa! — CKaaajia cxapan aKTpHca, CToaBmaa Boaji'fe 
CamH. — Ohh tslkl hoaxoa^tb Apyri* Kb Apyry, cjiobho otjihth 
HB'b OAHoro KycKa. 

Cama KHBHyji'b roJioBOft h HaxMypHJica. JSfl,, ohh a'^^ctbh- 
TejibHo noAXOAHT'b Apyri* Kb Apyry, 9th ABoe i];B'feTynj;HX'b 3ao- 
poBbeM^b H cHJioft... CoGcTBeHHO roBopa, TaKan Manepa Tani^o- 
BaTb He coBciM'b TO npHJiH^na; bt> neft ecTb ^to-to ^yBCTBen- 
Hoe... EcjiH OHH ceftnacb npHmMyrca Apyri> k-b Apyry ropH^eii 
H^eKOft, KaK-b A'feJiaroTT) KpecTbancKie napHH (yb cbohmh „Ay- 
meHBKaMH", h HHCKOJibKO He yAHBJiiocb, — AyMajiB Cama. — H, 
Kone^HO, y oCohx-b meKH noTHHa... 9Ta MHCJib 6HJia TaKB eMy 
nenpiHTHa, hto owb nocn'femHJi'b otoMth, KorAa napoHKa ocTano- 
BHjiacb BOBjrfc Hero. 

Ho MyTa nomjia 3a hhmI), 

Hhtjihbo CMOTp'&jia ona n't 3to Cji'feAHoe, HaAMennoe jihij,o. 

— SnaeTe, ^ero 6h mh^ xortJiocb? Mnt xoTijiocb 6h xoTb 
paa-b yBHAaib Bacb HCKpeHHO aobojibehmb... HeymejiH BaM-bne 

HpaBHTCH TaKB, KaKI> CerOAHH? HiT-b?.. Bh TOJIbKO BBrjIHHHTe 

Ha 3Ty 6'fejieHbKyio A'^B^ypKy, — ona yKasajia na noApocTKa^ 6jia- 
SKCHHO npHraBmaro c^b rHMHasHCTOM'b, — KaKB ona ciaeTi)! 

Cama yjiHCnyjiCH ycTajiofi yjinCKOft. — ^a b'^ab h uwh onenb 
Becejio... H a paAyJocb, rjiaAa na nacb. Myxa, KaKB bh mojioah... 

6aCH0CJI0BH0 MOJIOAH. 

Ona KHBHyjia rojioBoft. — MojioAa h Becejia! — h ho^ith ^epes- 
HypT> Henpeny^KAeHHo noTanyjiacb, aajiOMHB'b cboh CHJibHHa, 
KpyrjiHa pyKH. Ona 6HJia hohth KpacHBa B^b CBoen-b HeBHHHo 
HyBCTBeHHOM'b BOsCy^AeHiH, a neacAy rhwb Camt 6hjio KaK-b 
TO TarocTHO CMOTpiTb Ha nee: OHb HcnHTHBaJi'b ^ito-to BpoA'fe 
cTpaxa nepeAB aToft CTHxifiHOfi meHCKoft CHjioft — cipax'b 6ojib- 
Horo nepeAB cjiHmKOM'b rpoMKHMH 3ByKaMH jiHKOBama h no- 
TOKaMH apKaro cojine^naro CBiTa. 

— Ilnfiejia, — thxo BHroBopnjrb owb npo ce6a. 

— JJfl.j I^nCejia — CorHHa HsoCnjiia h njioAopoAia. 

HpH 3T0ii MHCJIH eMy CTajIO KaKB-TO ^yTKO. 


^ 


218 pyCCKOE BOrATOTBO. 

— BaM-B HaAO^Jio CMOTpiTb Ha lanqiH, npaBAa?— cnpaniH- 
Bajia Myia Apyra. 

— whTbl Ho BA^Qb Taivij AyniHo... 

— ^a, 3T0 npaBAa. — Myra KHBHyjia roJiOBoK, H'fecKOJibKo 
oropneHHa^, h npeAJioatHJia nrpaTb B'b (|)aHTH. 

MojioAemb BanpoTecTOBajia 6hjio, ho 6oJibniHHCTBO tojiocobt* 
BHCKaaajiHCb 3a (|)aHTH. 

— 9to npeeecejio, — ysipaji'b Opni^'b IIIoAeJib, — TOJibKo Hymno 
HrpaTb B'b KJiaccHHecKOM'b Ayxi, KaK-b bo BpeMOHa Feie. 

> — AxTby B'b KJiaCCH^eCKOM'b AyX'fe! — MaTpOHH 0A06pHTeJIbH0 

KHBajiH roJioBaMH. — jia, rocnoAHHi) IIIoAejib, ycTpoflre ^ito-hh- 

6yAb B'b 9T0M'b pOA'fe. 

— 8to KaK'b paa'b bo BKycfe MnnxoH-b h AjibMO^KH, — saM'fe- 
THJia cynpyra noAaiHoro HHcneKTopa. 

— Bo BpeMCHa Fexe Bcb (|)aHTH BtiKynaJiHCb non,*JiyHMn. 

— 0! — HtTb, rocnoAHH'b IIIoAejib, bh ysKacHtitt niaJiyH5>! 

Bcb ycfejIHCb B'b KpymOK'b. H, A'tfi^CTBHTCJIbHO, 6HJI0 OHCHb 

Becejio — xoTb h ne B'b KJiaccH^ecKOM'b Ayx'fe. 

B'b ocoOeHHOCTH OTJiH^ajiocb xyAOJKecTBeHHoe Tpio. 

— H'fe'rb, 3X0 BHme Moero noHHMaHm! — Aynaji'b Cama. — 
YAHBHTejibHoe npocTOAyniie! TpaTHTb ctojibko yna h Tennepa- 

MOHTa Ha TaKOfi BBAOp'b!.. 

B'b KOH^'b KOHl^OB-b 3TH Tpoe HOHTH ^TTO OAHH HOAA^P^KH- 

BajiH paaroBop'b. 

OaHTH saBepniHJiHCb MyatiKajibHo-ApaMaTH^ecKHM'b oTA^Jie- 
HieM'b. 

BnpKxyGep'b, neyiuiro^tifi, MOJiHajiHBHfi BzpKxyGep'b oCnapy- 

5KHJI'b npHMO-iaKH HeHCTOnijHMHfl: TaJiaHTb B'b KOMHHeCKHX'b 

TaHi];ax'b. Opni^'b IIIoAejib HaoCpamaji'b xapaKxepHHe thhh — 
CBpea npHKasHHKa, AepeBencKyio neBKHHOCTb, rbapAeittcKaro no- 
py^HKa; hotom^b ohh babocmb c'b Myxofi pasHrpajiH HanoJioBHHy 
paay^eHHHfi, nanojiOBHHy HMnpoBHSHpoBaHHHja (|)apc'b, b-b ko- 
TopoMB OH-b H3o6pa5Kajnb OepjiHHCKaro naxajia, a ona Becejiyio 
5KHTejibHHUiy Mronxena, aacxaBHB'b cjiymaxeJieii xoxoTaxb ao 

ynaAy. 

H Cama CM'tiUica. y nero Kpymajiacb roJioBa orb axoro 
6bK)iuiaro (|)OHTaHOM'b Becejiba h ^aHiasiH — ho B'bAb 3Ta Ao6po- 
BOJibHaa BHCTaBKa TajiaHTOB'b OTOABHrajia ero na Biopoft njian'b. 

— Hy pasB-b 8to ne Beceji-be BaiiiHX'b ^HHHHX'b CB'feTCKHX'b 
BBanHX-b Be^epoB-b? — cnpocHJia Myxa, tj[)aMHJibHpHO noxpenaBB 
ero no pyK-b. 

OH'b yxBepAHxejibHO KHBHyji-b rojiOBoii — ho AyMaji-b Apyroe. 
H-bxT. — B'b yjioacHBinHxca, aacxHBniHX'b (|)opMax'b GeaonacH'fee 

9x0 npeAaiomeeca „HeBHHHOMy Becejibio" ofimecxBO xyAom- 
HHKOB'b, B'b cynijHocxii, npeAB^BJinjio naccy npHX^Baniii. 


r. 


„cobpemehhh3 THnx". 219 

SA^cb KasKZPbifl o6a8aHi> jxejih HT0-HH6yAb CBoe, hmI) caMHMi> 
cosAaHHoe, — Tiepnan b"b caMOMi> ce6i, HanpnraTb CBoa ywbj 
HepBH, CHJiy BOJiH. — Kto HH^ero ne AaeTi>, TOTlb — nyjib, TOTt a 

Cedi H ApyrHMI> KameTCH HH^TOHCeCTBOM'B... 

Bor-L uotiy He BcerAa 5Ke ecTb 5KejiaHie HT0-HH6yAb AaBaxb, 
6HTb HrbM^ nu6ydb\ 

HaAMCHHaa yjiHOKa bo MHornx'b cjiyqaax'b mnsHz 6ojibinoe 
noAcnopbe, ho HHorAa h ea oKaaHBaeica neAOCTaTo^Ho. 

Ha BC'fex'b OTHX-b Aypa^KOB-b Cama CMoipiJib o^enb h o^enb 
CBHCOKa, HO, KorAa, naKonei^'b, yme AaJieKO 3a nojmo^b, B-b 
AOM* BOABopHJiacb THniHHa, — oH-b He Morb OTA'feJiaxbCH orb 
^yBCTBa nycTOTH, po6ocTH, cjiaOocTH. 

Bo CHi wh HCMy npHHiJia MyTa, npHBjieiuia ero kI) ceC-fe na 
rpyAb H c5Kajia B-b ropa^HX'b oO'bHTbax'b. Ho 9to 6HJia He mh- 
jiaa jiacKOBaa 5KeHm,HHa, a BejiHKannia, (yh orpoMHHMH, rasi^e- 
jiHMH HjienaMH, AHMHBniHMHca, KaK-b cHpaa seMJiH, npHrpiTaa 
cojiHi^eM'b, H pyKH ea oOBHjiHCb c^h xaKO^ cipaniHoii chjioK 
BOKpyr'b ero ApoJKaBmaro oT^b. CTpaxa Tifejia, hto OH-b aaAti- 
xajica — aaAHxajica oxb H36HTKa jiioObh h ropa^elt, nHJiKOit 

MtHBHeHHOK CHJIH... 

9X0 CHJTb MyHHXeJIbHHflt COHX. 


XIY. 

Bipa niHpMepi), Bi) yxpenneM'b xyajiexi H3b 6'bjiofl (j[)jia- 
HeJiH, BHfflHxofl roJiyCHMb, KoxopHii eii 6uzn> o^enb K'b jmuiy, 
CHA'feciia Ha fiajiKOHi CBoefl a^^h B-b MncApoi. ^ana 6HJia 
OAHa HSTb KpacHB'bittniHX'b BTb i^-fejioM-b Kypoprfe, BO BKycfe cxa- 
pHnnHXT* 3aMK0Bb, Hsi) KpacHaro KHpnHna, HanoMHHaBmaa 
moxjiaHACKia noMicxba, Bajibxepij CKoxxa, B3Bepjiea: wh cyni;- 
HOCXH, noAo6Haa Aa^a OHJia ne o^enb-xo y Micxa bT) Kypopxi, 
HO xiM-b He Mente npoH3Boz^HJia HMnonnpyioniiee BneHaxJiime. 
Btpa CHA'feJia noA'b napycHHOBHM'b cfepHM-b cb KpacHtiMii na- 
BibcoM'b, 3ani;Hni;aBmHMb fiajiKOH'b ox^b cojiHUia, cpeAH ui'fejiaro 
Jiica pocKoniHHX'b KOMHaxHHX'b pacxenitt, najia yxpenniii ^ait 
H ^Hxajia MicxnyK) rasexKy. 

BApyr'b OHa BCKo^HJia cb Micxa h Aa^Ke XHXoHbKO bckphk- 
Hyjia ox-b paAocxH. 

— Box^ 3X0 H Ha3HBaK) cnacxbeM'b! —Ho xojibKO ohh jih 3xo? 
Hy pasyM-feexca, coMH^Hba Bi>Th\ EIxpaHA'b-Oxejib, rpa(|)HHH 
injinnneHCepr-b, Yao rpa(|)'b nijiHnnenOepr'b H3'b JIayrapAa. 

TaKTb, 3Ha^HX'b, 3A'feCb, B'b MHCApoi... 

Co BpeMeHH 6ajia y npe3HAeHxa B-fepa Bcxpi^ajia O^AHaro 
BjnoGjieHHaro ^ejiOBiKa-jiarymKy Bcero pasa ABa, MejibKOMii, h 
BcerAa B'b coiipoBOSKAeniH cxporoli MaMamn. T^mI) ne Menie 


220 PyCGKOB BOrATGTBO. 

oHa He Tepadia HsmeaK^^ti — na cjitflyromyio 3HMy FpyTenay co- 
6HpajiHCb jifijuh 6ojiBniott 6ajrb, a nepeAi> liM-B ycTpoHTb jidCh- 
TejibCKifi cneKTaKJib, h MapHJiHsa oOtasHJia, hto KyaeH'B y^o, 

JKHBOft HJIH MepTBH^, 06H3aTeJIbH0 6yAeTT> npHHHMaTb B'B HeMl» 

yqacrie, na 3Jio CBoefi CJiaro^ecTHBOft MaMam-fe... Bipa BOSJioacHJia 
CBOH HaAesKAH Ha GyAymyK) 3HMy, a noKa 3aBejia SAicb, B'b 
MncApo't, coBepmeHHo 6e3i^'bjibHHft, ho onenb 3aHaTHHfi (|)jiHpnb 
cb MOJiOAHM'b noji^KOM'b, H'feKHMT> naHOM'L PoHeBCKHM'b, o6jia- 
^laTejieM-L neoCHKHOBeHHo ^ry^HX-B rjias-L... Tenepb, pasy- 
Mtexcii, HaAo 8Ty MajieHbKyio JiioCoBb bt> aHrpaKTfe nocKopie 
nojioHCHTb no;i'B cyKHO hjiet, no Kpaflneit Mip'fe, cnpHraTb 3a 
KyjiHCH — HTo OyAeT-B ne TaK-b-xo JierKo, h6o nojijncb CM'feji'b h 
Cb 6ojibmHMH npeTeH3iHMH. Ho pa^H Yao IILnHnneHCepra ctoht'b 
noxpyAHTboa. . 

Tenepb naAo 6HXb yMHHii;eft — h At^cxBosaxb... KaKx jKecxoKa 
atH3Hb! KaK-b xpyAHO HHorAa 6HBaexi> GiAHoi! mojioaoS a*- 
BymKi, Aa^e KorAa OHa AO^b MHJUiioHepa, ocyn];ecxBHXb cbok) 
saBtxHyK) Me^xy! 

€!> xoro MOMeHxa, KaK-b Bipa iipo^jia B'b cnncKi npits- 
smuTb Aoporoe hms, en mhcjih — a neptAKo h en MajieHbKia 

HOaCKH — nOCXOHHHO CXpeMHJIHCb KT> IIIXpaHA'b-OxeJIIO. Ho JIHmb 

Ha xpexia Aenb ea cxapaniH yB'bH^aJiHCb ycnixoMTb — h xo o^enb 
MtajiKHM-b: Maxb h otiH-b npomjiH mhmo hch. HoKJioH-b rpa(J)HHH 
6um> Ha 10*^ SKsme Hyjia, a Yao nyrJiHBO hokochjich na nee 
CHH3y BBepx-b, RaK-b co6aKa, nofiMaHHaa ciy KpaAenofl KOJiGacoflt. 

Ha cji^Ayioniiee yxpo — xaKan me xojioAHaa Bcxpi^a. Btpa 
HMiJia 6h noJiHoe ocHOBanie oxKaBaxbca orb CBoefl iipeKpacnoflt 
MenxH Kopont cb AGBaxbio 3y6i];aMH. Ho ona 6HJia ne hbi* 
Tfex'b, Kxo JierKo CAaexca. 

B'b xox'b 5Ke Be^ep'b pasmnp'feBniifl, aP^xjihA xoHop'b b'b 

OHBHIHM'b rOJIOCOMlj H MHOmeCXBOM'b OpAeHOB'b AaBa^Tb KOH- 

mepx'b B'b Kypray3t. B'b ^HCjrfe cJiymaxeJibHHi^'b 6HJia h rpa- 
(|)HHa nLirnineHeepr-b, na axox-b pa3'b 6e3'b CHna^ h B'fepa 
ninpMep'b, Cb OAnHM-b 3HaK0MHM'b ceMelicxBOM'b. Cjiy^aftHo 
HM-b npzniJiocb CHA'fexb o^enb 6jih3Ko Apyr'b ox'b Apyra... Ho 
HanpacHo cxapajiacb B-bpa yjiy^HXb MHHyxy AJia xoro, ^to6u 
no3AopoBaxbCH. KaacAHfi pa3'b KaK'b B-fepa BBrJi^AHBajia na Hee, 
cxapaa Aana ^ero-xo HCKajia rjia3aMH na KapHH3ax'b. 

Ho Box-b A'feBynnca 3aM'fexHJia 6'fejiyH) majib crepe de Chvne^ 
cocKOJib3HyBniyH) ci> njie^a rpa(|)HHH, CHA'^BmefiL KaK'b pa3'B 
BnepeAH B-bpH, na cnzHKy cxyjia. 

HoKa xenopi) 6e33By^HHM'b tojiocomij n'feji'b OAHy 3a Apyrofi: 
niyManoBCKm Lieder, ona XHxoHbKO, ocxoposKHO xanyjia, Aa th- 
Hyjia 3a cB-fecHBHiyroca OaxpoMy — h npn Hanajrfe nocji-feAHeit nicHH 
majib jiemajia noA'b cxyjioM'b. 

KorAa KOHii;epxT) kohhhjich, rpa(|)HHa orjianyjiacb, ho, ho 


n 


COBPBMBHHHS THHl**. 221 


VBHAas'b HH^ero, ;^0JImH0 Ghtb, ptmnjia, hto ocTaBHjia majib 
aoMa, H yAajiHJiacb. 

He-npomjia ona h CTa nraroBi), KaK-B ycjiHxajia aa coCoft 
OHCTpHe marn h sBOHKift, npepHBaiomiiiCH ot-b 6HCTparo etra 
rojiocoKB: 

— AxB, rpa(|)HHH, a hto-to naniJia hoab BainHMB cryjiOMB — 
H TaKB Ciacajia — h BacB HCKajia y Apyroro BXOAa — He saKyraTB- 
jiH BacB majiBH) nosepx'B BaTepnpy(|)a?— ceroAHa Be^epB laKOft 
npoxjiaAHHfi... 

— BjiaroAapio, OjiaroAapio, MHJiaa (J)peflJiefiHB... 
rpa(|)HHii 6HJia BceraKH h^ckojibko Tponyra TaKofi MHJioft 

3a60TJIHB0CTBK). ^ 

— Axi,, Boace Mofli! TA'fe at^ moh cnyTHHKH? — cnpocHJia 
BApyrB Bipa, KaK-B HcnyraHHan rojiy6Ka, po6KO oanpaacB bo- 
Kpyr-B. 

— Bh hxb noxepajiH? TaK'B noflA^MTe co MHOia. JI^o IIlTpaHA'B- 
OxeJia pyKoitt noAaTB. A TaMB Moa ropHH^naa npoBOAHTB Baci> 

AOMOfi. 

— AXB, BH CJIHinKOMl> Ao6pH! 

H OHt nomjiH paAOMB, pasroBapHBaa o tomb, hto Tenop'B 
noTepajiB rojiocB, h o MysHKt Boofime. 

rpa(|)HHa o6BaBHJia, ^lo jhoOhtb oparopm. 

— AxB, opaTopial 9to Tanaa He6ecHaa MysHKa! MomerB-JiH 
6htb ^T0-HH6yAB jiy^me? 

IIoTOMB OHi CTajiH XBajiHTB BOSAyx'B H acajioBaTBca Ha KO- 
MapoBi); Btpa noxBaciajiacB, ^pto y nea ecTB OTJiHnnoe cpeACTBO 
iipoTHBB yKycoB-B KOMapoBB, H npeA^ioMCHJia npHCJiaTB rpa(|)HHfc 
CaHOHKy AJia npo6H. Coo6iiiiHJia ona TaiWKe o tomi>, hto K'b 
HHMB o6ini;ajia npiixaiB norocTHTB MapHJizaa, h TaKB Tenjio, 
CB TaKHM-B yBamemeMB roBopHJia 060 bcbmb ceMeflcTBt Tpy- 
Tenay h HeonncaHHOM'B c^acTbt, KOTopoe eii AocTaBjiaerB 
9Ta ApyatGa, 6HJia. TaK'B MHJia, cKpoMHa, TaKB CMHpeHHO-npeAy- 
npeAHTejiBHo o6pani;ajia BHHMame rpa^HHH Ha BcaKyio nepoB- 
HOCTB AoporH — HTO rpa(|)HHa cTaHOBHJiacB Bce CjiarocKJioHH'fee. 

3KajiB, HTO 9Ta cHMnaTH^naa MOJiOAeHBKaa A'^ByniKa Bcero 
TojiBKO (|)pefiJiefiffB ninpMepB! 

MjiaAinaa KpaHHqB bb cpaBHeniH cb neio TaKaa TpecKa! 

Ho aTo HHHero ne BHaHiirB. ^opexra KpannuB BcexaKH ca- 
Maa noAXOAamaa nes'fecTa ajih Yao. rpa(|)HHa co6cTBeHHO no- 
TOMy TOJIBKO H npitxajia bb Mnczipofl:, ^to KpaHHi];H bb btom'b 
roAy p'femHJiH oMHBaTB cboh Tomia Ttcia y SAiniHHXB 6epe- 
roBB. 3a||pb — no 6e3M0jiBH0My yroBopy MaTepefi — a'^th aojimchh: 
6hjih c6JiH3HTBca Mem Ay CO6OK)... 

HtTB, Jiynme ne npocHTB (|)peftJiefiHB IIlHpMepB caMOitt 3a- 

HeCTH cpeACTBO OTB KOMapOBB... 

H, no npnOHTiH bb IIlTpaHAB-oTeJiB, ona cefi^acB ate no- 


222 pyccKoa BorATCXBO. 

cjiajia niBeflqapa aa ropHH^HOft, hto6h Yao KaK^-HH(5yAb He 
npoHioxaji-B... 

Ho Bce ^e nepsHft mart Ghji-b CA'feJiaH'B, ocaAa KpinocTH 
Hanajiacb, h ci> btoH MHHyxH XHipHfi Majiem>Kilt HenpiaTejib 
HenpepHBHo 6oM(5apOTpoBaJi'b OA'feTHa 6poHelt BHCOKOM'fepLa 
CTtHH sajinaMH CMHpenHHX'b h po6khxt> ycjiyr-b. 

BciOAy, Bi> caMHe pasJiH^Hue ^acH, cjiynafl — ^hjih ntHTO 

Apyroe— CBOAHJI'B rpa(|)HHH) CB MHJIOa, CHMnaTH^HOit MOJIOAOfi 

A^ByniKoft. H Bipa Bcerj^a yniJia laKt hjih HHane yroAHTb 
CTapyxt. Ona oTHCKHBaJia en KopsHHOHKy ji^jlh iiHTape^, jiocxa- 
Bajia eft tojibko hto BHmeAiniit KypcoBofl JiHCTOKt, npHHOCHJia 
eti po3H HBi) caAa BHJiJiH-BBBepjiell, ^^nrajia eii BCjiyxTb ao- 
KJianH MHccioHepoB-L Ha cKaMeeHKaxT> b-b aejieHofl: Tfemi. 

Ot'b Yao MHJiaa A'^Bo^Ka Aep»«ajiacb BjiaJiH. Bt rfex-L cjiy- 
^aaxi), KorAa oHOb conpoB05KAajii> cbok) Maib, Bipa, Kpacnifl, 
CTapajiacb HsOimaTB BCTpinn. 

TojibKo HHorAa, Kh ^acH nocjiioetAeHHaro oxAbcxa cTapoli 
rpa(|)HHH, HJIH paHo yi^ouTi, KorAa ona nocxynajia b'B pacno- 
pflSKenie MaccaatHCTKH, rjiyxaa TponHHKa B'B Jitcy 6HBaJia. 
cBHA'feTejiBHHii;eK aojifhx'b Apy^ecKHX-B 6ec'feAi>... 

B'B 9TH Ojia^eHHHe ^acH Yao ^acio BSAHxaji-B, eme ^ame 
oTKaniJiHBajicii, 6ojiBnie npeacHaro TapamiHJi'B rjiaaa, xaK-B ^xo 
OHH HyxB He BHKaxHBajiHCB HB'B op6HX'B — HO AO p'bniHxejibHaro, 
^CHaro oO'b^cHeniii B'B jiioObh jxbjio ne aoxoahjio. 

A ona xaK'B oCjier^aJia eMy aaAa^. 

Ohi> ^acxo npHCxynaji'B, ho cb nepBHX'B me cjiob-b c6HBajiC5T. 
KorAa ona CMOxp'fejia na Hero xaK'B cjiaAKO h n-fe^HO, oh'b Kaac- 
AHft pas-B xepaji-B rojiOBy — h BM'fecxo xoro, ^xo6h roBopnxB o 
jik)6bh, aaBOAHjii) p-b^B o CBoefi K0JiJieKii.iH qameK'B. 

IIpH MHCjiH PoneBCKOM'B MajieHBKyio njiyxoBKy rpHBJia 
rjiyxan 3a6oxa. B'B nocji-bAnee Bpen^ ona xn];axeJiBHO H36'brajia 
nojiiiKa. Ho B'feAt npHAexca me RWb rA'fe-HHSyAB Bcxpi- 

THXBCH, 

H OHH Bcxp'fexHJiHCb. To 6ujio yxpoM^b. B-fepa nijia na npH- 
€xaHB Bcxp'feqaxB CBOE) HOApyry, MapHJiHsy, Koxopaa AOJiHCHa 
^HJia npi'bxaxb na napoxoA^ hb-b Jlai^nra. 

rpa4)'B Yao xome on];yn];ajrB noxpednocxB tiocKop'fee yBHA'^TB 
KysHHy. OH'B npHcoeAHHHJic^ K'B B'fep'fe H o6a MHpno mecxBo- 

BaJIH pHAOM'B. 

BApyr'B, Ha noBopoxt Aoporn, oxKyAa hh bobbmhcb — Po- 
^eBCKifl! 

Bipa npnxBopHJiacB, ^xo ne 3aM'b^aexT> ero. Ho il:o ne no- 
Morjio. OxBeprnyxHii hokjiohhhk'b, HHJiaa peBHOCXBio, nocji'bAO- 
Baji'B 3a ofiHA^Bmeii ero napo^KOft. H, no npi'fesA'fe MapnjiHSH, 
B'B xo BpeMa KaK'B OHa, CB noMoniiBro Yao, pasHCKHBajia cboK 
/JaraiK-B, hojihk'b noAoniejrB k-b B'fep'fe, cxoiiBmeti nooAaJiB, h 


„COBPBMEHHHft THHT.". 223 

HacKopo ycTpoHJi'L eft MajieHbKyio, ho (SypnyK) cii;eHy. Ona Hcny- 
raJiacB h, ^to6h OT^'feJiaTbCH OTt neroj odimajia sa Apyroft 
jieBh paHo yrpoM-B npH^TH b-l ca^'B, b'b yrojioK'B, xopoino h3- 

B'feCTHHii OdOHMI), H „BCe 06l>aCHHTb". 

Ki> CHacTbK), Ha Apyroe yTpo CymeBajia laKan rpoaa, ^to 
yroBop-b paacTpoHJica can^ coGoii. 

Bipa noHTH ^KaJi-fejia oOij aTOM^b. IIojiHK'b Chjit* ajih nen 
^HOBHM'b manpoM'b", ero nJiaMenHHe bbfjihah, HHJiKiii p'fe^H, no- 
pHBH jik)6bh h OT^aHHm BOJiHOBajiH ea BoodpaHteme... — ho whrh, 
jiy^nie H36*raTb ero! 

HBOftHaa Hrpa Momerb CA'feJiaTbca onaoHOfi. 

EcjiH ona cana KaKofl-HnCyAb rjiynocTbio HcnopTHTb niJio, 
Tenepb, KorAa oficTOHTejibCTBa cjio^KHJiHCb laK-b Cjiaronpi^THO... — 
y^Kacnaa MHCJib! 

Ha 3T0 en^e 6yAeTi> BpeMH, KorAa— Kor^a ona, B'b KanecTBt 
BJiSLjsfkjmjxu 3aMKa, CyAex^b niypmaTb niJieit(|)OM'b no napKeiy 
A'feAOBCKHX'b noKoeB-b JIayrapAa... MoJKeT'b 6HTb, TorAa mohcho 
OyAeTb AaTb PoneBCKOMy M-fecTo ynpaBJiaiomaro... — Ofl-b Bce 
roBopHT'b o6'b HMtniax-b, kotophmh oH^b ynpaBJiaji'b... 

A BiAb 3T0 HyAHaa MHCJIb — BOCnHTaHHHfi, npHJIH^HHtt 

ynpaBjiaroniiift, o6o3kb.¥)ujX^ KpacaBHi^y rpa(|)HHro... 


xr. 

Cama CToaji-b B'b rocTHHof! MyxH — ona 5Ke h MacTepcxaa — 
H CMOTp^JTb B^ OKHO. Ohij samejTb 3a npiiiTejibHHUiea, hto6h 
HATH BMicxi KynaTbCH. Ho aKKypaTHocTb ne npHnaAJiesKajia Kb 
HHCJiy Ao6poA'feTej|efl: MyTH, h y nero 6hjio AOCTaio^HO BpeneHH, 
'qroCti ocHOBaTejibHO Hsy^HTb MHpHHft AepeBencKifl JiSLEjjjneL^Th: 
oropoA'b, npHMHKaBHiift Kh Kyprayay, cTpoHBmiacH hobhh a©- 
peBHHHHH Aa^H, yTHHHtl HpyA'b H TpoHHHKy, HepeHJieTeHHyK) 

J^peBeCHHMH kophhmh. 

Ero safiaBJiajio oaho: na AopomKi, nyrjiHBO npHmaBniHCb Kb 
«a6opy, CToaji-b Majn^^HK'b, Oocofl h Oesii HianKH, npa^a 3a 
iSHHHoia KycoKi) HHpora H HeAOBtp^HBo KocHCb Ha mnni^a, ko- 
T^opbrti TaK'b oChaho narjio CMOTptai) na nero h TaK-b A^psKO ero 
o6HK)XHBajr'b. BpeMa oTb BpeMenn Majib^yran-b A'h^JiaJi'b ABHSKe- 
Hie — TorAa co6aHKa oTCKaKHBajia nasaA'b. Ka^KAHiS HS-b nnx-b nt- 
•CKOJibKo noCaHBajica Apyroro, ho B'b Toace Bpena naxoAHJi'b ero 
B'b BHCOKOii cTeneHH HHrepecHHM'b. 

Cami BApyri) saxoT-fejiocb nafipocaTb 3Ty 3a6aBHyH) cii;eHKy. 
Ohi> cxBaTHJi'b KycoKT) yrjia, Bsaji'b Kapioffb, npHCJionenHHa Kb 
•CT'feH'fe, H na^aji'b pncoBarb rycTHMH p-fesKHMH niTpnxaMH. 

Bo5Ke, KaK-b AaBHo OH-b ne pncoBajiTb! EMy Aocrasjiajio 
HOHTH (|)H3HHecKoe HacjiaacA^Hie boahtb no Oynari yrJien^b. 


224 PyCOKOB BOrATCTBO. 

OiTb TaKi> ymeji'b bi. paCoiy, hto A^JKe He cjiHxaji'B, KaKi> 
OTBopHjiacb i^Bepjb cnajibHH. 

— rocno;!iHHi> accecopi)! — BCKpn^ajia BomeAmaH Myra, — hto 
8T0 BaM-B BBAyMajiocb Hcna^KaTb Moii ^yAecmifi Kapioffb? — 
BiAb BH ^ace... 

Ona He AoroBopHJia. Uojio^jxa kIj accecopy, ona cb hcao- 
yMtmeM-b b^l mmfk CMOTpiJia na ^Hcna^KanHHfi" KapTOH'b. 

IIoTOM'b, HeAOBipHUBO, KaKt 6yATo eft noKasHBajiH ^OKycb, 
nepeBejia Bsrji^A'b na Camy. 

— 9to — Bu CA^JiaJiH? 

— Hy Aa. 

— Bh MO^KeTe... Ho b^ab 9to... ' 

— Si B^AB BB,UTy KSiKh'TO TOBOpHJI'b, HTO DpeSKAe 6ajI0BaJICH 

MaaioKaHbeM'B paannxij pasHocTeft. 

— Kone^HO, — ho KOMy 5Ke Morjio npHATH B-b rojiosy. BnpK- 
xyOepTb, UIoAejib, — no3Bajia ona, hoao^a^ ktb ABepa Apyroit 
cnajibHH, — HAHTe CKoptft CH)Aa! — ^to bh na 3to cKaaceTe? — 
H ona noKaaajia pHcyHOK'b BomeAniHM'b xyAoatHHKaMTb. OSa 
MOJinaJiH. — BtAb 9T0 Size ^yAecHo! B'hjxb 9To;KHBerb! BaanMHo- 
HeAOBtp^HBHe Bsvjisijxu H 3Ta pyKa, cnpaiaHHaa aa cnnnoft — 
H nyxjieHbKan rojiaa Homna — b^ab 9to me Bce HapncoBaji-B 
ohij, — STOTb HonopHHft accecop'b cb AHnjionaTH^iecKHMH 6po- 
bamh!— Bhcoko Aep5Ka KapTOH-b, ona OT'b paAOCTH lani^oBajia 

BOKpyr-b KOMHaTH. 

— IIocjiyniaftTe! — BOCKJiHKHyjia ona, Tpnca 3a iijie^o accce- 
copa, — ^Aa BHaexe jih bh, hto bh TaKoe? B^Ab bh xynoacHHK'b — 
HacTO^mift, upzpomAeHHHfi, mhjioctIk) Comieft xyAOJKHHK-b! — H 
9Torb ocejii, HBBOJiHrb cjiyacHTb accecopoM'b bb ryGepHCKott 
ynpaBt!.. 

— Oro! Sa^iMB me 6paHHTbca? — aacMtajicH ohb bb ot- 
BixB. — Hy-cb, pasB a yme OTAaJii) ce6a BaMB na cyA'b, a BaMi> 
npHBHaiocb, HTO 9T0 He nepBHfl: meAeBp-b Moero npoH3BOACTBa, 
iTonaBmiiiCii BaMB na rjiasa. Y Bacb yate HMieTca „noAJiHH- 
HHil Cama IIInpMep'b". 

— Hto-o? y MeHH?... ^a Htrb me... 

— Majib^HK'b Ha fiojiorfe — oaho hb-b 6e3HHCJieHHHX'b npem- 
HnxB MOHXi) nperptmenift. 

— Hocjii 3Toro Mena HH^nro He yAHBHTB, — oOBaBHJia ona, 
CHOBa pa3CMaTpHBaH pncyHOKB. 

BHCKasajiHCb h ea TOBapHiii,H — ne xaK-b BOCTopmeHHO, KSJCb 
Myxa, HO Bce me AoCpocoBicTHO npHSHanaa aacjiyrn xyAornHmca. 
Bb caMOM-b A^Jii, y Hero Tajianrb^ 6ojibinoii Tajianr'b! H npK 
KamAOM'b JiecTHOMB cjioBt Myxa TopmecTBeHHO KHBajia roJioBoit. 

HaKonei^'b, eft Bcnajio na MHCJib BarJianyxb Ha nacH. 

— BaxioniKH! Kynaxbca-xo AaBHo nopa! HAeMxe, KOJiJiera 
niHpMep'b, OpocHMca B'b bojihh! 


w 


COBPEMEHHUfl THHt". 225 


BcH) aopory ona 6HJia oneHb MOJiHajiHsa. nocjii KynanbH 
Bcfe HeTBepo coniJiHCb, Kajn'b o6hiKHOBeHHo, 3a aaBTpaKOMi*, na 
ZtepHOBoft CKaMee^K* y onymKH. Jlfi'hB'b nocjitOTi^ 6yTep6poA'B, 
EnpRxyCept h ino;tejn> noniJiH 6poAHTb no OKpecTHOCTiiMi>, h 
Cama cb mojioaoA xyAomnni^eft ocTajiHCb oztHH. 

MyTa JiK)6HJia CMOTpixb OTcioAa na Ji'feByK) nojioBHHy Cepera, 
oTBC^eHHyK) J13ISI KynasbH AaMaMB. Ho ceroAKfl ee ne mofjih 

paaCM-feinHTb HH CTHA^JIHBO-KOKeTJIIIBHe npHMCKH „06pa30BaHHb[X'b 

ja.iBHi^'b", HH oT^aaHHaa 6opb6a TmeAynmoft yHHTejibHHii;H cb 
ea ^eTHpbMfl OoaBmnMHca bo;ih copBaHii;aMH, KOTopHe peBtjiH, 
TonajiH HoraMH h hh 3a ^to ne xot^jih BoiiTH b-b Bo^y. 

SaAyM^HBo CHA^Jia ona na MarKOMi) BeJienoMB Mxy, o6xBa- 
THBT* pyKaMH KOJitHH H cHJibHo noAaBHiHCb Bnepe^B BepxHefi 
HacTbK) TyjioBHma, cjiobho jiioCyacb BCTaBaBraeli nepeAi> neio na 
jiasypH ropiisoHTa (|)aTa-MopraHolt. 

— siewb BH AyMaexe, Myra? — cnpocHjiB, HaKonei^'b, ac- 
cecopi). 

— Bacb, — 6ujvh OTB'bT'b. 

Ona noflcfejia Kh neMy CJinme, B3fljia ero 3a pyKH, pa;^ocTHO, 
Top^ecTBeHHo nocMOTpijia eny bb jihi^o h CKasajia: 

— CA'tJiafiTecb xyAOHCHHKOM'b, Cama! 
Ohb ycMtxHyjica. 

— Bh TaKB OXOTHO TOTOBH npHHHTb MeHH BB I^CXB? Ho ^TO 
3a MHCJIb! H, BB MOH TOAh! JX^L H B006me nOCJlt CTOJIbKHXB 

Ji-feTB noAroTOBHTejiBHOft cjiy5K6H, KorAa yme neAajiOKo ao cq- 
BtTHHKa, pa3B'fe MO^CHO 6pocHTb Bco H Ha^aTb CHa^ajia? 

— IIoHeMy me fStb? Bb BameMB nojiomemH, cb BamHMH 
cpeACTBaMH! B'feAB BacB me ne yAOSJieTBopneTB Bama Tenepem- 

BSiSl mH3Hb. KaKB ^aCTO BH MH* rOBOpHJIlT, HTO 3eJieHHfi CTOJTb 

BaMB AO CMepTH najioiJiB, hto bh ne HaxoAHre bb ceOt h rfenH 
HecT0JiK)6ia, HTO BH HH KanojiBKH He AopoJKHTe CBoeft KapBepofi, 

HTO MOHOTOHHOCTb H CKyKa HHHOBHHHbefi mH3HH CyniHTB BaUlB 

M03rB H cepAi^e, naronaeT'B na sacB AyxoBHyro h npaBCTBen- 
Hyio cnaHKy... Bh roBopnie, hto BaMB Bce onpoTHB-fejio — paCoTa, 
ceMbfl, 0Kpy5KaK)ni;ie... MomeiB Cnrb, bh HecnpaBeAJruBH... Bh 
(iojiBHH, ycTajiH, npecHmeHH. Ho Bce paBHO, oaho HecoMH-feHHo 
BaMB nexoponio mHBeTca bb BameMB Kpyry. TaKB yxoAHre 
CSpocBTe CTapyio Komy — na^HHTe HOByio MtHSiaB!.. Bce, hto 
HysKHO AJifl 3Toro, y BacB ecTB. H TBepAO bb btomb yGimAena. 
A y MeHH ecTb rjia3B. Bh Momexe mh* noBipHTB. H cpa3y! 
BHmy HacToaiAifl TaJiaHTB, KaKB coCaKa, BHApecnpoBaHHaa ajih 
oxoTH 3a TpK)<J)ejiflMH, cpa3y HyTBeMi> naxoAHTB rpii6B. Bh mo- 
ofceme, BdiWb ctohtb tojibko 3axoTfeTB! 

— JJfiL, 3T0 6hjio 6h xopomo, — bhtobophjib ohb saAyMHHBo, — 
BApyrB 6h MeHTa Moel! iohocth, saB'feTHaa' Menia, AasHO noxo- 
poHeHHan, cCnjiacB, crajia A'^^cTBHTejiBHOCTBH)!.. MomerB 6htl, 

>S .4 Or;^ijiT» I. 15 


226 P70CK0E BOrATGTBO. 

3T0 em,e BOSMoacHO?.. Cflosa no^yBCTBosaTb ceOn MOJio;ibiM'b, cb 

HOBHMH, CBi^KiEMH CH.iaMH IiyCTHTBCH Bl* nJiasaHle UO HeB*- 

;i;0MHMT> MopHMTb; Chtb Mo^erB, Bt 3T0Mi> cnacenie, 6uTb mo- 
MceTB, cfepoe HUHmo eme cnoco6HO BcmiXHyTb necTpol! pocKombR) 
KpacoK'B?.. 

Ero meiCH paaropijiHCb, rjiaaa ejiecxijiH. Ea BOJineme ne- 
peAaJiocb h eMy. 

— 0, BH A^wKe H He iiOAOspiBaeTe, CKOJibKo c^iacxbH ;zaerb 
HCKyccTBo! — BOCKJiHKHyjia osa ci> OAynieBJieHieM'b. — ^HcKyccxBO — 
c^acTbe, y^e cano no ce6i c^acTbe, Aa^Ke Kor;ia ne HMienib 
ycnixa. IIocMOTpHTe na Mena, MHi B^Ab ne JierKo ^khbctch. 
HyatAa, rope, paaoHapoBama... cyAbGa MtecTOKO xpenajia Mena. 
Ho HecnacTHa a ne 6HJia HHKorAa. IIoKa cojiHiiie npoHHBHBaerb 
jiy^eM^b jiHCTOK'b, H OH-b cTanoBHTCH npoapaHHUM'b, KaK-b sejie- 
Hoe cTeKJio, noKa Mope KaxHT-b rojiyfibia bojihh, BSAHMaa na 
BUTb cfeAHe rpe6HH n^HH, noKa B'b ^ejioBi^ecKOM-b jmut 6jia- 
ropoOTaa jiHHia Ji(5a, . Gojibmie AoOpHe rjiaaa, KpacHBo OHepneH- 
HHfi poTB HanoMHHaioTb oOpaBTb OoHcecTBa — y Meaa He npona- 

AeTB OXOTa ^HTb. CMOip-feTb H paAOBaTbCH Ha TO, HTO BHAHHIb — 

Cojibme B^AB HH^ero h ne naAo. 

— Ho B^Ab TaKoe c^acxbe AOCTyiiHo h TOMy, kto ne tbo- 
pHT-b, KaacAOMy TyneHAUiy, — saM'feTHJi'b Cama. 

Ona noKa^ajia rojioBofit. 

— He AyMaio, hto6h TyHeaAei^i) uori, laK'b HHTencHBHo, cb 
TaKoft paAocTbK) Ha6jiH)AaTb OKpysKaiomee, KaKTb xyA05KHHKi>. 
TaKaa cnoco6HOCTb Hacjia^KAema ne Aaexca caMa coSoii. Be 
HaAO BocnnraTb. H kto CB,wb He TBopHTi>, tot^ ne MO^Kerb ci* 
TaKHM-b atapoMT* yrjiyCdiaTbca bb Tai^HH TBopenia. 

Ona saAyM^HBo CMOTp'fejia BAajib, ho rjiasa y nea 6hjih se- 
cejiHe. 

A eMy Kaaajiocb, 6yAT0 THxiit acHHit CB^rb Jibexca bi> ero 
Aymy, 6yAT0 THxifi anreji'b CHHBomeji'b icb HOMy, neca 6jiary» 
BicTb H cnacHTejibHyio Bipy. 

BoT-b Tjsfk MyApocTb, BOTh B'b HeM'b cnaceme oTTb 6e3njioA^ 
UuTh yMCTBOBanift, otb pasjiaraiomaro npeapima ko BceMy 
Mipy: aTa HHCTaa paAOCTb 6HTia, 3to jiroCoBHoe caMoyrjiyOjieHie 
B'b KamAyio noApofiHOCTb BHAHMaro Mipa, OesB BonpocoB-b: „3a- 

^'feMTb?" „n0HeMy?" 3T0 MHpnoe AOBOJIbCTBO CKpOMHHM'b: TaKl* 

OHO ecTb! ^aTb cboSoahhA: AOCTyni) B'b cboio Ayniy 9T0fi tohjioI!, 
rjiyfioKofl paAocTH, A^Tb eft npexBopHTbca B'b xyA05KecTBeHHoe 
HacTpoeme. A saT'feM'b TBopHTb! CoBAaxb hobhS Mipi) aBJienift, 

OHJIOAOTBOpeHHHft HpHpOAOft, HO p05KAeHHHft TOCofi CaMHM'b, HB'b 

TBOHX-b jiH^HHX'b OHnyn^emft—Borb cyni;HOCTb HCKyccTBa. H 3to — 
Aa, aTO c^acTbe!.. • 

Ohh noAHajiHCb, HaKoneu;!), h BHniJiH na cbok) oSHHfiyio 
yTpeHHioK) nporyjiKy— cna^ajia no nec^aHH:M'b TponnHKaM'b ne- 


„COBPBMEHHHH TEWh". 227 

pea^L xBOliHyio aapocjib, CTpyHBmyio cMOJiHCTtifl apoMarL, no- 
TOMi> yrjiyOHJiHCb Bt caMyio ^amy BejiHKOjrfenHaro dyKOBaro 
ji-feca. 

Caiu'fe Kaaajiocb, ^ito oht> HHKorAa eme He nyBCTBOBajTB TaK'b 

;JKHB0 B0Jime6HHXT> ^lapt JrfeCHOlt THmHHH. 

Ci) KaKHMi> ;50CT0HHCTB0Mi> HecyiTB 3TH BHCOKie, rjia^Kie 

X5TB0JIH CBOH CBtTJIO-SejieEHH KOpOHH. 

KaKi) npHBtTHO Apo^arL aojioTHe cojineHHEie jiynn na H3y- 

MpyAHOM'B MX-b. 

Ho MicTaMH jiHCTBa TaK-B rycTa, ^to ne nponycKaerB h coji- 
HeHHHX'b jiyne^, h Tanx ctohtb TaiiHCTBeHHHfl cynpaK'b, rjiy- 
^6oKafl-rjiy(5oKa« THinb, HanoJiHaK)m,aH cepAii;e nejioB'fe^ecKoe 6jia- 
HceHHHM'B H CMyTHHM'B TpeneTOM-b — CyeTJIHBHft 6y;tHHHHHii Mip-b 
TaKT* AajieK-b, hh o^HHib BByK-b k3t> 9Toro Mipa ne HapymaeTL 
npasAHH^Haro JiicHoro 6e3M0JiBiH, bh HAete h BacB OKyiH- 
Barorb sejieHHe apoMaTHHe CKaaoHHHe chh... 

HiM'b Aajn>nie ohh mjiii, Thwh MOJinajinBtfl CTanoBHjiHCb 
OHH o6a. y CamH 6njio TaKoe nyBCTBO, KaK'b 6yAT0 owh nepe- 
jKHBaerb BejmKia MHHyrH. 

BoapoacAeme k-b hoboH acH3HH?.. 

CjioBa MyTH noAHajiH ui^fejiyio Sypio bb ero Aynii, npo6y- 
AHJiH BB Heft DHomecKH - CeayMHyK) jKamAy skhshh, maa^Ay 

CHaCTbH. 

KaKHMt MOJIOAblMT> OHB eil^G MO^KeTb HyBCTBOBaTb ce6ii, 

TcaKB jiHxopaAO^HO ynHBaTbca HaAe^KAofi! 

A ona, npo6yAHBinaa ero orb AOJiroft ciia^KH, B03BpaTHB- 
inaa cMy MOJiOAOCTb, mjia paAOM'b ci> HHM'b no MnrKofi JiicHoa 
TponHHKi, poBEHMB, TBepHHM'b maroMB, Cb HCiiOKpHTOfl rojio- 
TBOit— BO BpeMH AOJirnxB nporyjioKB ona BcerAa CHHMajia mjiany, 
He 6oacb HH AO^A^j hh 3H0fl— H rjia3a en cB^THJiHCb TenjiHM'b 
OBiTOM^, H poBHoe, rjiy6oKoe, npaBHjibHoe AHxame B3AHMajio 
BHCoKyio rpyAb, h eMy Ka3ajiocb, ^to nepsAB ehmb cana MaTb- 
npnpoAa, BeJiHKaa, Ao6paii, pacTOHHiejibHo niieApan, 6e3K0He^H0 
<5oraTaa! 

Owb jiioGhji'b MyTy bb 9th MrHOBema— CMHpeHHO h ho^th- 

TeJIbHO. 

— EcJiH 6h bh 3HaJiir, hto bh aji<^ Mena! — CKasajiB oh^, 
ocTanoBHBHiHCb H TJiyOoKo 3arjiaHyB'b efl bb rjia3a, — KaK'b bh 
-(JjiaroTBopHO A'fefiCTByeTe na mchh. MHJiaa, MHJiaa Myia!.. 

Ona Bca sapA'feJiacb h cMoxp'fejia na Hero cb OjiaaceHHOfl 
HeAOBtp^HBOia yJIHfiKOfi, KaK'b yAHBjieHHoe ahth... 
Owh npHBJieK'b ee kl ceCi h xorfejiB noi^ijioBaib. 
Ho ona OTnpaHyjia HasaA'B. — H'fex'b-H'feT'b-H'fe'rb! 

— Ho^eMy H'fe'rb?.. Myra, a AyMaji'b, hto h bh Menu hc- 
;MHomKo jiK)(5HTe?— Ohb He BHnycKaji'b en pyKH. 

Ona KHBnyjia roJiOBoli. 

16* 


228 pyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

— jSfi, oneHB, oneHB jnoCjiH), ho axo— h^tl; 3T0 naflo fl-fejiaxK 
TOjibKo Tor^a, KorAa HeJibsa HHane, Kor;ta 3to — oTHxifiHoe! 

Ona 6HCTpo nomjia snepeA^; owb cjrfeAOBaji'L aa Hero, yrpio* 

06a coBC'feM'b 3aM0JiHajiH. 

— BorB y^K-B He AyMajiB, — cKasaJi'B ofl, Korfla ohh 6hjih 
n't BHAy Kyprayaa; — hto h bh Toace prtdde, hto h bh npHHaAJie- 

HCHTe Kl> HHCJiy 6jiaropa3yMHHXl>, OCMOipHTeJIbflNX'B 5KeHIIi;HHI>l 

MyTa, yjiHCaacb, noKanajia rojioBofi h nocMOiptjia eny npaMo 
Bt rjiasa. — Bh h Tenept 3Toro cepbesHO ne AynaeTe, — Bospa- 
3HJia ona cnoKoteo. — H cjiymarocb tojibko CBoero nyBciBa. H 
OHO Mo^erb 6HTb KorAa-HHCyAB eniie TOJiKHerb Meaa Ha Cojibmyio 
rjiynocTb. Kto BHaeT-b? Kto MomerB nopy^HTbc^ aa ce6a? Y^k-b, 
KoneiHO, He h. Ho noKa TiyBCTBo enxe ho saxBaTHJio mchh i^ib- 
jiHROM-b, a paAa, ^to 9to TaKTb. A nrpaTb, anaeTe jih — »to He 
Bi) Moea HaTypt! 

Ofl-b MOJIHaJI-B. 

Ha BCTpi^y hmt> mjiH xyAOHtHHKH; EHpRxyOep-B Oes-B crop- 
TyKa. Ero Kopn^neBoe orb sarapa, pacKpacniBineeca jinqo ro-^ 
BopHjio AOJiroft nporyjiK* na cojiHi^i. 

— B-B CymHOCTH OH'B KpaCHBHft MaJIHlt, 9T0T'b JIOHSJIb 

BejmKOJitnHo cjiomeHb! — saM^THJia Myra, cb yAoaojibCTBieMix 
paarJiJiAHBaa BejiHKana ci> rojioBoiJ, tohho BHmeAinefi hb-b Kap- 
THHH 7Ie(|)perepa. 

— JIfl, HaCTOamilft CTHJIbHHff CHH-b HpHpOAH,— Cb HpOHHHe- 

CKOii ycMtniKOft corjiacHJica Cama, — hto-to nepBoCbrrnoe. Orb 
Hero AO CHX'b nop'b oxAaexi) aanaxoM^b KopoBHHKa h Jiyra ne- 

pOAl) ajIblllfiCKOa XH5KHH0it, TA* OH-b ySHA'fejI'b CB'hTh. 

— Bh He oneHb-To! — yKopnjia Myia. — Snaeie jih Bh, vji'h 
CToajia Moa K0JiH6eJib? 

— HiTTb. — CipaHHo, OAHaKO, ^to OH-b AO CHX'B nop-B He cnpo- 

CHJITb 06'B 3T0M'B. 

— B-B cKpoMHofi xaTKi jiicHHKa. MaTb Moa caMa CTHpajia 
Hama Ctjibe. A CpaT-b Moli CTOJinpi). HTaK'b, OyAbTO ocTopoacHH^ 
rocnoAHH'b accecop'b, h ne BAaBajttxecb B-b apHCTOKpaTHaMi*. 

Cama CKaaaji'b TOJibKo: — A!— ne 3Haa xopomeHbKO, KaK'B OTHe- 
cTHCb K-B 3T0My. Ea OTKpoBeHHocTB crfecHfljia ero. 

H OH'B BApyr^b saM'feTHJi'b, HTO y MyTH Hora c^h hhskhm-b 
tiOA'beMOM'B H— nJiocKie hoith... 

B-B HeM-B noAHMajiacB AOcaAa, KaK'B 6yAT0 ona oSManyjia ero. 

Ho 3T0 ^BCTBO npomjIO TaK'B sue CKOpO, KaK^ H HBHJIOCB. 

^0 Be^epa OH'B A^P^Kajica ocoChhkom'b, nomeji'B ryjiHiB ojs,y(Why 
.a noTOMT) He Mori) APmA^TBca, KorAa ohhtb yBHAHTb Myxy. 

B-b 3T0TI> Benep'b OHH H'feCKOJIbKO ^aCOBTb HpOCHA'fejIH B'B. 

TeMHOTib na KpomenHOM'b, nyxb mchbom'b h rposHBmeM'B onac- 

HOCTBro :«H3HH CaJIKOH^HK'fe, HpHKJieeHHOM'B K^B A^H't OorCJIb- 


n 


COBPEMBHHBIH THn^'\ 229 


saHr-B, roBopa o OyjiyniieM'b— cbo6oah6m'b, npeKpaGHOMi>, ofinjib- 

flOM'B Tpy;iOM'I> H paAOCTHMH; HyAHOfi 5KH3HH, KOTOpyK) OHH 

BM^cri 6yAyTi> BecTH bI) MioHxeH'fe, KaKi) B'fepHHe TOBapnmK 
no HCKyccTBy; o tom-b, kslkl Cania 6yjieTh yHHTbCH, Hsy^aTb, 
TBopHTb, KaK-L OHH 6yAyTi> B3aHMHo HOAOoApaTb ApyrB Apyra, 
H MyTa 6yAeTi> caMMMt CTporHM-b ' ero kphthkom'b! h KaK'b 
noTOMi) HacTanerb A^Hb, KorAa Mip-b ysHaerb, KaKoro renia no- 
AapHJiH eMy b-b JiHi^i Camn IIIiipMepa. 

KorAa MyTa B-b cbohx^ Menrax'b AoniJia ao 9Toro nyHKTa, 
Cama BucyiiajTb ee. 

— Moa y6oraa (|)aHTa3ia ho cnocoOHa aanecTHCb TSiKb bhcoko! 

Ho, KaK'b aaOasa, 3to paAOBajio ero. 

Majio-no-Majiy oh'b cTaji'b Aynaxb oCb btomb Bce cepbesHibe 
H cepbCBHie, H noajiHO ' Be^epoM'b, npocTHBrnncb ciy MyTofi h 
B03Bpaiuiaacb KpaT^ajfitniHM'b uyTewh nepeaB caAi> B'b KyprayaB, 
OH'B y5Ke MHCJieHHO cocTaBJiajiTb npomenie o6ik OTCTaBK*. 


XVI. 

Ha KpacHBOMi) „ground'' 3a Aa^efi, bb Ayxt BajibTep'B-CKOTTa, 
HrpajiH B'B TOEHHCB — Yao h B-fepa, CB OAHott CTopoHH, Caiua 
ninpMepB H MJiaAmaa KpaHHi^-B — cb Apyroii. rpa(j[)iiHa Eljmn- 
nenCepr-B, MapnjiHsa h ab^ CTapmnx'B 6apbiinHH KpaHHa'B naCjiio- 
Aajiii 3a HrparomHMH. 

YxpoM-B MaTB H cccTpa npHBesJiH 6'ferjiei^a AOMOfi, BHpBan'B 
ero vLSTi AoOpoBOJiBHaro HsrHania. HaAO me hm-b 6hjio hocmo- 
Tp-bTB, HTO offB coOcTBeHHo A'fe^aeT'6 BB HefleHAop(|)'fe, H oh* 
BH'fexajiH ceitt^acB nocji-fe 3aBTpaKa. 

Bme He AotxaB'B ao A^peByniKH, oH'fe yBHAajiii HAHJiJiH^e- 
CKyK) KapTHHy. Ha onyniK'fe 6yKOBaro Ji-ica B'B yKpoMHOM'B 
yrojiK-fe, B'B T^HH, HeBAajieK'b ot'b Aoporn, JiesKaji'B y^e 3acH- 
naBinifi Cama B'B o^eHB HenpnraaaTeJiBHOM'B TyajieT'fe, a pa^oM'B 
CB HHM'B Myia Jlenii;!) h ABoe ea npiaTejiefi-xyAoatHHKOB'B. 

3opKie ivia3a B'fepH eme H3AatJiH y3HaJiH 6paTa. JI^sluu bhehjih 
HB-B KOJiacKH H saxBaTHJiH ero BpacnJiox'B. 

HeJiBsa ,CKa3aTB, hto ohi> ohohb o6paAOBajica rociaM'B; oh'b 
Aame ne AaJi'B ceO'fe TpyAa npHTBopHTBca. Bca KOMnania 6Hjia 
cMymeHa. He pacTepajiacb oAHa Myra: ona Apy^KecKH Henpn- 
Hy^AeHHO no3AopoBajiacb ciy AaMaMH h pascKaaajia, ^to ohh 
cer«AHa yrpoM'b, ao cB'feTy, -fesAHJiH ji^jbhtb pH6y h noTOMy 
CMepTejiBHo ycrajiH. 

TaK'B BOTTB nacToamaa npinHaa BHesanno HBHBmeftca y 
CamH noTpe6HOCTH B'B otahx* h THiuHHi: MyTa JIeHH,B! Bot'b 

BB HOMB Ai«JIO. 

FocTBH noTamHJiH ero cb co6ok) B'b KypraysB h y6'feAHJTH 


230 PyCOKOE BOrATOTBO. 

BepHyTbCH Bi> MncApoft. Tojibko he oahhI) A^Hb!.. aiAb iiHa^e 
me BUi\jierb HCBiawiHBO oTHOcHTejibHO MapHjiHSH h Boo6me... 

On-b HeoxoTHO ycTynnji-b. 

H BOTb, noAKpinHBinncb ckoui>, owl ctoaji'b xenepb bosjA 

KpaCHOmeKO]^ ^OpeTTH KpaHHI^l> II JIIoCOBaJICa HCKyCCTBOM'B 

rpa^a Yao IIIjinnneHeepra, ci> HeHBMiHHOfl aKKypaxHOCTbio kslsk^ 
AHii paai) nepefipacHBaBmaro CBOtl Mnn-b ^lepes-b i^ijib. 

CaM-b accecop'b Hrpajii*, paayMiercH, 6e3ynpe^Ho, to^ho 
TaK^b :Ke, KaK'b OH-b 6e3ynpe^H0 i>sjxajrh BepxoMij, Tani^OBajrb, 
(|)exTOBaji'b H KaTajicH na KOHbKax'b, t. e. He KaK'b npo(J)eccio- 
HajibHHfi apiHcrb: owb ne nnraji'b CTpacTH hh K'b KaKOMy 
BHAy cnopxa, — HO nacTOJibKo xopomo, nacKOjibKo bto Tpe- 
6yeTCH Bi) name BpeMa orb KoppeKTHaro cBtTCKaro MOjiOAorc 
"qejioBiKa. 

MapHJiHaa ne CBOAHJia cb nero rjiaa-b, jiroCyacb ero cnoKo:^- 
'Hott, HeMHoro cKynaiomeli ManepoJa: noAXBaTHBaib h oTfipaoHBaTK 

Tenepb ona 6HJia yOi^Aena, hto jiioOHTb ero h CyAerb Jiio- 
6HTb Ao caMOft CMepiH, H o^eHb CTpaAajia oi-b ero paBHOAymin. 

Ona T^M-b 6ojibnie BJiK)6jiiiJiacb B'b nero, ^'hwh cKy^Hfee 
cTanoBHJiocb y Hnx-b B'b AOMi, OjiaroAapa iiocTOHHHHM'b nenpiar- 
BHWb HBB'bcTiHM'b KSTy IlaBeBajibKa. 9th IIlTeflHH npaMo yatacHbi' 

Cb CBOHMH B'feHHHMH TpeOOBaniflMH AGHer-b', OHH nOCTOHHHO „Blx 

THCKax-b**. nana Bop^HTb, nana BBAHxaerb — AOMa ciajio coBcfeMTb. 
Hexopomo. 3to npHMO BOBMyiHieJibHo — KaK'b Bce aaBHcnrb orB. 
3THX'b npoKJiamxTb Aener-bl — MapiTJin3a np^MO ne MorJia 6ojibme 
BHHocHTb 3Toro HOAaBJieHHaro HacTpoeHi5T H CTpacTH^o mejiBJisu 

BHpBaTbCfl H3'b aTMOC(|)epH AOHemHtlX'b HeB3rOA'b H 3di60Yb, 

— Aft, Yao! afl! th nonaji-b mh^ B'b Hocb! — 3aKpH^ajia ona 
BApyr-b. HeyAa^HO CpomeHHHfi Ky3eH0M'b rpa(J30M'b Ma^'b nojie- 

TijI'b B'b CTOpOHy 3pHTei[bHHIIi'b H 3aA'fejI'b XOpomeHbKift HOCHKl*. 

CapoHecoH. 

— MapHjiHsa, npocTn!— IlepenyraHHHK Yao fipocHjica K'b 

Hefi, CIIOTKHyJICa OC'b 0AHHI> H3'b BOTKHyTHX-b B'b BeMJIK) KOJIBini- 

KOBi> H, KaK'b ABrycTb B'b i^upK'fe, pacTanyjiCH na seujA. 

9to sp-fejiHiHie 6hjio ao tofo komhhho, hto MapHJiHsa cb. 
TpyAOM'b yAep5Kajiacb oT-b CM-fexa, a /IjopeTTa KpaHHi^-b, KaK'b 
Hcraa AepeBeHOKan 6apHniHH, h ne ciajia yAepmnBaTbca: OiA- 
HasKKa rpoMKO pacxoxoxajiacb, 3a ^to h 6HJia HaKa3aHa yHH- 
HToacaioniiHM'b BsrjiaAOM-b CyAynijeii CBeKpoBH. B-feAHHK Yao Becb. 
noCarpoBiji'b otl cxHAa. 

3a TO Bl^pa — AoSpaa Aynia! — nocn'bniHJia K'b HOMy c^h xpeBO- 
Toti B'b JiHq'h: 

— Bh He ymnGjiHCb, rpa(|)i>? Ax-b Borne Mofi, 9to xaK'b. 
;iierKO uomerh cjiy^HXbca bi> 3T0ft rjiynoii nrp'fe! Th noMHBnmb^ 
Cama, KaK'b th nojierfeji'b npomjiHM'b Ji'fexoM'b? 


99 


COBPEMEHHHH THnX". 231 


Cama nanpacHO ncKaji-L Bib CBoef! nanaTH BocnoMiiHanm o 
noAo6H0]tt Hec^acTHoli cjiynafiHOCTH. HHKorAa B'h mnsHH He ao- 
-BOAHJioCb eMy cnoTKHyTbc^, nrpaa b'b TeHHHC'B. — Hy, ^a 3to 
HH^ero He sHa^HT'B. 

y^o nonyBCTBOBaji'b ce6si peaCHJiHTHpoBaHHUMi), ojiaroAapa 
OTOMy cpaBHeHiio. 

A Manama ero namjia, hto MajientKaa IIlHpMep'L o^eHb 
TaKTHHHa; rjiyneHLKyio me ^opeTTy,. Bce eni;e Tpiicmyioca otb 
CM-fexa, npo ce6a nasBajia ;iypofi h hjioxo BocnHTaHHOfl. 

Bipa yMtjia paacHHTHBaTb — aia MajieHbKa^ cjiy^aiiHocTb 
KOJioccajibHo noABHHyjia ee Bnepe^'b. 

HaAMeHHaa rpa(|)HHii snepBHe cepbesHO noAyMajia o tom-b, 
He cjiomHTCfl JiH mH3Hb eH fitAHaro Yao ropaaAO npiaTH-be, 
ecjiH OH'b meHHTCH Ha yMHoft, AeJiHKaTHofl, cKpoMHOft H npe- 
KpacHO BHAepmaHHOlt demoiselle IIlHpMep'b (B'b CBoeMi> Kpyry 
ona HHKorAa He Ha3HBajia A'feBHi^'b hb'b CypmyaaiH nna^^, KaKi) 
demoiselle), ^-feM-b pjiAOM-b cj> tslkojo ^Kenofi, KaK-b rjiynaa, pe6a- 
■qecKaH Caponecca, roTOBaa bh1!th 3a Hero TOJibKo noTOMy, ^to 
oTi^oBCKie necKH rpo3HJiH onenb CKopo nepefiTH B'b pyKH Hena- 

BHCTHHX'b 5KHA0B'b, a APyrOS HapTlH He UpeACTaBJIHJIOCb. 

— HTaKii, MHJiaH MOH (|)peftjieftHb IIlHpMep'b, a naAtocb, 
BH tAGTe aaBTpa c^b HaMH B'b repHHrcnop(|)'b? Bama MaMa, na- 
Aiiocb, HH^ero He CyAerb HM'feib npoTHB-b Toro, ^to6h h BSHjia 
Bacb cb MapHjm3oft noA'b cbok) samHTy. 

B'fepa, ejiaroAapH rpa(|)HHK), noui'fejiOBajia ea 6ojibmyK) toji- 
CTyio pyKy. 

J^o CHX-b nop-b niJia p'fe^b TOJibKo o TOM'b, ^to MapnjiHsa 
no'feAeTi,. 

B-fepa TopmecTBOBajia. 

— Hy, TA* 5Ke TBOft HHJiKift HOJiaKii?— cnpocHJi'b Cama, 
KorAa, no oKOH^amn naprin, nrpoKH pasomjmcb h OH'b na H'fe- 

CKOJIbKO MKHyT-b OCTaJICil 0AHH1> C'h CeCTpOll. — OH'b HSM'feHHJI'b 

TeOt? 

Ona ycM'fexHyjiacb: — Hjih HaoCopoT-b. 

— Ara! HOBoe yBJie^eme. 

— MomeTb 6HTb H CTapoe. 

— Cxapoe? Ho B'b laKOM-b cjiynai a saejisijrb 6h 3HaTb... 

— BoHce Mof!, Cama, kt^ ^eMy th npeACTaBJiaembCH? Th, 
TEKoli HaCjiioAaTejibHHtt... Mnt KajKeica, rpa(|)'b HIJirnineHSepr-b 

H He CKpHBaJIt... 

— KaK'b?.. OtotI)? — Cama npaMO cb HcnyroMi) CMOip'feji'b na 
cecTpy. — HeymejiH th MorJia 6h... Morjia 6h pimnrbca... sa aToro 
KpeTHHa... 

Ona yjiHSnyjiacb. — Tccb! — don -turt my feelingsl — H jiioCjiio 
ero! — H ona KOMH^ecKH BCKimyjia na nero raa3a. — Hy tto bto 
npaBO, Cama, OTKyAa y TeCn xaKoft ymacHHtt poMaHTHSM'b? H 


232 pyccKOB BorAicxBO. 

AynaJia, ^ro mh aboc, KaKi) coBpeMeHHHe jiioah, jiynme noHH- 
MaeMi> ^pyr-B Apy^a. 

OflTb noKa^ajTB roJiOBoit. 

Hto cecTpa ero xmecjiaBHa h ^ecTOJiioCHBa — ©to jijia Hero 

ChJIO ho HOBOCTbK). Ho BCe ^KC OH'b C^HTaJIl> 66 ^yBCTBeHHOft 

BJiK)6^HBofi HaTypoli. IIpaBAa, ona npe^K^e Bcero AoSHBaeicn 
nojioHceniH... 

Ho ^to6h B'b 9T0i! noroHt 8a THTyjiOM-L yxBaTHTbCH ;ia3Ke 
3a TaKoro nejitnaro h CMtniHoro cyOTbeKia, ne TpeCosaTb, xotb 
HSTb TmecJiaBiH, hto6ei hc tojibko hmh, ho h meHHX'L Chjii* 

6jieCTHIU;HM'L — 9T0 KaaajIOCb eMy HOB'bpOaTHElM'B. OH'B HOBOJIbHO 

BcnoMHHJTB KpacaBua isAOBoro, MajieHbKaro BiojioBa, nepno- 
rjiaaaro nojiHKa, h rpoMKO pacxoxoiajica. 

— ...To ecTb, HaAO cosHaibCH, hto jj,'hJLo eme AaJieKO ne 
ycrpoeno, — saAyM^HBO Ao6aBHjia Btpa,— h, M05KeTi> fiHXb, no 

TBOeitt BHAi. 

— Ho MOefi BKHi? 

— /ta, ecjiH th o^eHb cKOMnpoMeiTHpyenib ce6a comhh- 

Te^bH^MT> OCmeCTBOM'B, B'B KOTOpOftTB MH 3acTajiii TcCa CnflmHM'b 

nocjii oO^Aa, ecjiH 9to AofiACTB ao rpa(|)HHH, mojioahm-b jik)- 
A^Mi) MHoroe no3BOJieHO, ho... 

OH'B pa3cepAHJica. — Hy, 3HaeniB-jiH, 3to coMHHTeJibHoe 06- 
mecTBo, KaKB TH evo HasHBaenib, bobco ymB ne TaK'B comhh- 
TejiBHo. IIpaBAa, 3to hc cajiOHHHe mapKyHH, ho Bnojini nopa- 
AOHHHe jiH)AH. (|)pefiJieftH'B Jleniii'b ne M05KeTi> 6uTb h p'fe^H. 
Bu caMH Bch HanepepuBB BocxnmajiHCb eio. A ea Apysba — 
Aa, 3T0 coBC'feM'b Apyrie jiioah, ^tM'B TBolt nojiyzziiorB Vjio, 
Ohh iiapoBHTHe xyAO^HHKH H HyAecHHe jiioah, HaCTOHUU,ia 
A'feTH npnpoAH. 

— Borne, Bo5Ke! — BCKpn^ajia ona, CAiiacB. — 8totb HeroAyio- 
miti TOH'B nponoBtAHmta! Si tohho cjibiniy Myxy JIeHii;'B. Th 
yace MHoroMy nay^HJica, Aoporofi Cama. 

— H, MOJKerB 6HTb, nay^ycb eii;e CojibmeMy. BecbMa bo3- 
M05KH0, HTo TeCt eiHje npeACTOOTi) neosKHAaHHOcTH, Moa yMHaa 
cecTpHiza. 

— He6eca! Jl^a neyatejiH :^ie axa reniajiBHaa xyA05KHHi;a 
CA'feJiaeTca Moeli neB-fecTKofi? Hy, TorAa MH-fe, nomajiyit, Jiy^me 
y5KB cpasy noxopoHHTB moh HaAe^^AH... 0, Cama, ney^KTO th oto 
BnpaBAy? HocJi'fe Toro, KaK-B th noAaaaji'B TaKia naAemAH Ma- 

pHJIHSi? 0, Mym^HHHl BipHOCTB JIJISI BaCB nyCTOfl SByK'B! 

— 3a TO y 5KeHiu;HffB ea xBaTHT-B Ha abohx-b. a 

— 3to npoHBBeAeT'B CTpamHyio ceHcai^iio, h Bce cenefiCTBo 
rpyTenay... 

— ycnoKoKca, noMOjiBK'b iiOKa eme h^tb p'fe^H, A'feJio 
HAeTi> ApyroMB, BecbMa cepbesHOM'b p'femeHiH. 

H OHB HSJiornHJii) eft CBoe cosp-feBmee 3a nocji'feAHie Ahh 


„COBPEMEHHHft THUl". 233 

HaM'bpeHie — no^KepTBOBaib CBoeft Kapbepoii hhhobhhke h sa- 
H5rri>ca ^khbohhcbh), CHa^ajia bI) MioHxeHi, hotom'b, MoaKeTTi 
6htb, b'l napH^K*. 

Ero co6jia3HHJio npeABKynieme rpoBw, KOTopyio BH30BeTi> 
cpe^H AOManiHHX'L ero pimenie. Oh'b ^;iajii> piaKHX-B Bospa- 
H^enift, BspHBa/HeroAOBama. Hn^yTb ee OHBajio! 

Bipa cnoKOfiHo BHCjiynrajia ero h HH^ero He Boapaamia. 

— Hy, HTO TH CKaacemb o MoeMi> saMHCJii? — Ona cMtpHJia 
ero B3rjiHaoMi» ci> tojiobh j^o hof-b h KaK'B to CTpanno yjiH6- 
HyjiacB.— H HHHero ne cKamy, MHJiHit Cama, KpoM* oahofo: 
TH cBMTy ce6a He sHaeniB. llpesKjj,e HiM-B piniHTBca na TaKoft 
OTHaaHHHii niar'B, BHSBaiB TaKyjo Oyny bb ceMBi — b^ab th 
SHaemB BosapiHiH nananiH h MaManiH, npesKAe niwh pncKHyTb 
BHCTaBHTL cedii B'B CM'femHOM'B BHA'fe, HOAyMall xopomeHbKo; 
BpeMH TepnnrB. JJfiy Kone^iHo, B'B CMiniHOM'B 3HA'b. Bo-nepBHX'b, 
9T0 TOJibKo npH^yfla, 3Kci];eHTpH^ecKaa (|)aHTa3ia. A ecjin TeCt 
He noBeaeT'B? Ecjih th bch) 3KH3Hb ocTaneinbCH Oe3B'fecTHHM'b 
naHKynoM'b, — hto Tor^a?.. A, Borb H^erb MapHJiH3a. ByAB 5Ke 
MPiji'b CB Heio noKa, Aa? 

— rocnoAHHB accecop-B,— flanajia MapHJiHsa,— bha'&iih bh 

BHaMeHHTHX'B OpJIOBCKHX-B pHCaKOBl*, Ha KOTOpHXI> 'fe3AHrb 

OTOT-b enpeft h31» Bepjinna — KaK'B Chhib ero?.. BAHHCTBeHHHft 
npHJiH^HHlt BH'fe3A'B B'B MHCApo-fe. ^a eiii;e, nomajiyii, KpoBHa^i 
KoCtijia anrjjHHaHHHa, ho y nea noKaTaa cnHna, xoTa Yao h 
yB'fepaeT'B, ^rro H'ferB. Yao B^Ab HH^ero He iioHHMaex'B B'B jio- 
maAflX'B. BoT'B, CMOTpHTe, rpyM-B KaK'B pasi) BeAeT-B ee mhmo 
HacB. Hy, ^To bh CKaaceTe? 

Cama KOHCTaTHpoBaji'B, ^to cnnna noKaTaa. MapHJiH3a ocxa- 
jiacB o^eHb AOBOJibHa. 


XVII. 

— H Aynajia, bh y^K'b HHKorAa ne BHCepexecb oiryAa,— 
CKa3ajiaMyTa Jlenu-b, KorAa Cama, Tpii ahh cnycTa, noaBHJica 
Ha Aa^t Oorejibsanr-b. On-b npoCHJi'b B'b MncApoi AOJibme, 
^'feM'b npeAHOJiaraji'b. Mana h Bipa npHJiomnjiH set CTapaniii, 
HToO-b yAepjKaTb ero AOMa, ho B'b kohii;'^ KOHii;oB'b offb ctocko- 
Bajicfl no MyT'fe. H BOoOnne, cb cbohmh rpe3aMH o hobom-b 
CyiiyniieM'B oh'b Gh^ttb TenepB TaK'B AaJieK-B orB o6h^hhx'b 
„ycsoBift" CBoeU 5kh3hh, "^to toh'b „xopomaro o6m,ecTBa" Ka- 
sajica eMy nomji'fee h ero pasBjie^ema OeacoAepataTejiBH'fee, 
H'feM'B KorAa-JiH6o... A MapHJiH3a — ox-b, 3Ta Ao6paa MajieHB- 
Kaa MapHJiH3a cb ea B'^hhhm'b hsChthm'b maproHOM'B cnopT- 

CMeHKH!.. 

— CKy^aJiH BH 6e3'B Mena xotb neMHo^KKO, (|)peflJiete'B 


234 


pyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 


Myra? — cnpaniHsaji'b oh'b, KpinKo cmnudJi pyny MOJioAOfi xy- 

Ona KHBHy.Tia rojioBofi. — Jlh, oTienb, nepBHe ABa aha. Ce~ 
roAHH a jsKe MeHbine AyMajia o BacB. CeroAHa a laKTb nyAecna 
nopaCoTajia. TIoAyMatoe, ajih Mena nosHpyert rocnoata PoAeKii^ 
8to He nopTpeT-B. TaKi>, ^iT0-HH6yAb (|)aHTacTH^ecKoe. Y Mena 
ecTB HAea. Mh4 ona caMoft He coBchwb euie acna. Ho a xo^y 
CA^JiaTb HT0-HH6yAb ppoat Ji'fecHOfl ApiaAH. KpacHO-sojiOTHCTHe 

BOJIOCH 6yAyTI> CB'feTHTBCa Ha (|)OH'fe ryCTOK, TaHHCTBCHHOft 3e- 

.leHofl: JiHCTBH. 0, aTo 6yji,erh KpacHBO, bh yBHAHie! 9to 6yAeTi> 
xopomaa KapTHHa!.. 

Ona nepe6Hpajia pyKaMH cboh co6cTBeHHHe TeMHwe Bbiomieca 
BojiocH, H rjiasa ea CjiecTtjiH TBop^ecKHM'b BAOXHOBenieM'B. 

— MoJKHO nocMOTpiTb na'qajio? 
Ho ona He noBBOJimia. 

— Moa MOAejib Bsajia ct Mena cjiobo noKa HHKOMy ne no-^ 
KaBHBaTb. Ax'B, ecjiH Ci) TOJibKO ona ne dHJia TaKt rjiyna!.. Mni^ 
TSLKb xorfejiocb 6h, TaKt CTpamno xorfejiocb 6h nanncaTb sepx- 
HK)K) ^acTb TyjioBHma Haroft— ^BOT'b TOJibKO AO ciixB, AO OeAepi*. 
"^TO 5Ke BH AyMaexe, ona corjiacHJiacb? Bo^e H36aBH! Hh aa 
HTO Ha CBirfe! 

Cama noKa^ajiB rojioBOft. 

— H 9T0 Bact yijHBJiaerb? 

— Hy, paayM-feeTca. Cb TaKHM-B ^yAecHHMB TibJiOM-B npana 
I'piiXB H CTHA'B meMaHHTBca, EABa-eABa yroBopnjia ee ^yTOHKy 

OTICpHTB rpyAB — TOJIBKO BTOFO H A06HJiaCB. 

Cama sacMtajica. 

— CMOTpHXe, KaK'B 6h BSiWh He npHHIJIOCB B'B KOHU'fe KOH- 

i^oBB H aTo, AJiH npHjiH^ia, oKyiaTB AHMKoft raaa. 
B'B 3Ty MHHyTy BomejiB BapRxyOep^B. 

— Ero Bce emie h^tb? — cnpocHjrB oh'b, mhmoxoaom'b hobao- 
poBaBHiHCB CB accecopoM'B. 

— HcHeB'B fiea-B cji-feAa. He nonaAajica jih BaMB rA'fe-HiidyAB 
nioAejiB, rocnoAHH'B accecop'B? H-feT-B? BooCpasHTe, Hc^esB 6e3- 
cji'bAHo! C'B paHHaro yipa hhkto He BHAajiB ero. Jldime o6'feAaTB 
He npHxoAHJi'B. - 

— ^opTB ero BHaeT'B, fa^ oh'b mjiaeTca, — Bop^aji'B BnpK- 
xyCepB. 

— B-feAb He yKpajiH ace ero i^Hrane? — noATpynHBaji'B Cama. 
Ho Myxy h BapRxyCepa, noBHAHMOMy, cepbeano TpeBomnjia 

TaHHCTBeHHoe Hc^esHOBeme TOBapiTm;a. 

Myxa npeAJio^HJia eme paa'B hoAth npottxHCB nepeA'B y^H- 

HOMB. 

H TyT'B-TO, HAH no yjiHu;*, BeAym;ea kb pHSa^Beft Aepe- 
Bym^fe, OHH Heo5KHAaHHO yspijiH BAajiH MajieHBKVio xomyro ()[>h- 


„COBPEMEnHHH THH'L". 235 

rypKy Opni^a IIIoAejiH, — rpasHaro, BS'LepomeHHaro, btb nepe- 
naHKaHHOMii njiaTbi. 

— FocnoAw, OpHi^Jih, Bi> KaKOMi) BH BHAi!— KpHKHyjia eny 
MyTa. — Hhcthmh bh, aoji5kho 6htb, ;i'fejiaMH aanHMajiHCb! F^i^ 

aTO BH TBICB BHMaSajIHCB? 

nioAeJiB TaHHCTBeHHO yjiHOnyjicH. 

— J]|a, BHMasajica. Hy, rocnoAa, h Ban'B CKaacy — MHt TaK-B 
noBeajio!.. 

— Ax-BBH, niajiyH'B aiaKifl! — CHUcxoAHTejiBHO noAflpasHHJi'B 
ero Cama. — r^i^Ke asreji'B AyniH Bamefi? 

— TaM'B. — IIIoAeJib yKasajiT) pyKofl: no HanpaBJieHiio k-b 6e- 
pery. 

— Owh KpacHBi)? — nojiio6onHTCTBOBajia MyTa. 
MajieHBKift xyAO^KHHK'B saxoxoTajiB bo Bce ropjio. 

— KpaCHBl)? HiT-B, 9T0 HHKTO 6u He ptlHHJICa yXBCp- 

sKmTh. OffB Aa^KG y^acen-B na bhaI). 9to— yTonjieHHHKT>! 

0(5iii,ee „6pp'B!" hh Majio ne cMyrnjio ero, h oh'b, fijiameHHO 
yjiH6aacb, npHHHjicii paacKashiBaTB, KaKB oh^b ceroAH^ bo BpeMa 
yTpeHHeii nporyjiKH nameji'B npeAMeiB cBoero BocxHmema, — 
npH^HTHft KB fiepery BOJinaMH MymcKoK Tpyni). 

— Bh SHaexe, KaK^B AasHo a ue^TaiJrb HanncaTB yTonjien- 
HHKa. H BOTi), Mofi Ao6pHft reniti kslkl napo^HO Aaer-B uwh 
cjiy^afl!.. 

Hs'B onacenia, KB,Kh (5h Apyrie ne CA^JiajiH toK sue CTpam- 
Hofi HaxoAKH H AJiH Hero H3B BToro He BOBHHKciiH saxpyAHeHia, 
owh CB OoJibniHMB TpyAOMB HepeTaiiiHJi'B Ttjio Bi) capa]^, ^to 
HenoAajieKy oTh Gepera, cOtraji'B aomoK sa „HHCTpyMeHTOM'B**' 
H noTOMi) i^ijiHti A^HB Hanpa^KeHHO nncajTB, ne nyBCTBya hh 
rojioAa, hh aca^KAH, CMOxptJiB, tbophji-b... 

Ohb apKHMH KpacKaMH omrcHBaji'B Bct npejiecTH cBoefl: 6e3- 
MOJiBHofl, oTBpaTHTejiBHOli MOACJiH, cjioBHO OHBafffeB'B OTT* yacaca 

H BOCXHHlieHia... 

— KpoBoacaAHHii OpHi^xeni), kbk'l eciB, acHBoia! — CMiacB, 
BCKpH^ajia Myxaj—Ho xenepB, Cacxa! hsbojibtc hath nepeoAl^- 
BaTBca K'B yjKHHy. 

— HeyaceJiH hbao? H xaKB rojiOAGHB... 

— Hy, TorAa hahtc xaKB. 
Ho Cania sanpoTecTOBaji'B. 

— fl 6h Ha BameAfB M-bCTt BcexaKH cna^ajia bhmhji'b pyKH, 
Ha HHXB HajiHHjiH MopcKia BOAopocjiH H Bce TaKoe, HanoMHHaro- 
in.ee Bameft HenpiaTHOfi[ AoSn^t. 

Oh^b BecB APpatajiB orB OTBpamema. 

*PHi;t> nioAeJiB Hc^ea-B h aBHaca K'B yatHHy neMHoro 3a- 
no3AaBB, HO 3a to HonnMi) HeaoBtKOMi). 

— A, atapenaa KanSajia cb coycoMB peMyaa^-B- — Owb ofinapy- 
:^Ha^ CKa3o^HHft anneiHTB. 


236 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

CaiUa CMOTpijI-B, KaK-b OWh tCTB, H eMy 6hJI0 H IipOTHBHO, 

H aaBHAHO. 

CaMoro ero ToniHitJio npn ozxhomx BOcnoMiiHamH — Bce, hcxo- 
Aamee h3i> Mopa, Kaaajiocb eMy npoTHBHHMTb— ohi* He Mor-B aa- 
CTaBHTb ce6si ^asKe nonpoOoBaTb JiaKOMaro pbi6Haro 6jiK)aa. IIpH 

BTOM'b C^aCTJIHBHft OpHI];i> HHKaK'B He MOF'b yCHOKOHTbCH IT BCe 

noB'fepHJi'b apysbaM-b cboh HaOjuoaenia Hafl'b ^nHM-b", tojibko 
BHOJirojioca, TaKT> KaK-b oH'b 6ujrb ne BnojiHi yBipen-b, hosbo- 

JIHTeJIbHO JIH TaK-b CBOeBOJIbHO pacnopamaTbCH HeH3Bi^CTHHMH 

TpynaMH. 

Cama HyBCTBOBajn>, KaK-b OH'b sejieH'feerb orb oTBpamema. 

— Hy, OyjieT-b bslu^l y^Ke oC'b BTOM-b! — npHKaaaJia, HaKOHeu-b, 
Myia, saMtTHB-b, ^to tbophtch cb accecopoM'b. 

BnpKxyGep'b noKOCHJica B-b ero CTopony h cb o6H^HOtt CBoeft 
rpyOocTbio KiiHyjii, lOBapHmy: 

— HyBCTBHTejibHHH cepAi^a ne BbLHocaT'b xaKHX'b Bemeft, 
KOJiJiera IIIoAeJib; Bh ne yM-feeTe BecTH ce6a B-b oSnuecTB'fe boc- 
HHTaHHHX'b jiJojieiL y HUX-b ecTb HepBH. 

MyTa BCHHXHyjia h paacepAHJiacb. 

-— Hjih Boo6paHceHie ^KHB-fee, -^wh y nfeKOTopHX'b. FpyOocTb 
HepBOB-b eniie aajieKO He xpafipocTb. 

XyAO^HHKH CMOJIKJIH. 

H y BnpKxyfiepa 6ujrh TaKOfl HecnacTHHti BHA'b, hto Cam-fc 
CTajio noHTH 5Kajib ero. 

IIoA'b KOHeri;'b y^.HHa 6y;iyiiuft xyAOJKHHK'b in spe cooOmHJi'b 
npiaTejibHEi^t, ^To OH'b h B-b MncApo'fe ne ocTaBajica npasA- 

EHM-b, HO HaSpOCaJTb ABa-TpH 9CKH3a MtjIOMTb. 

— 0, noKasKHTe MHi HX-b ceftnacb me. 

— HaAO 6jjieTh cnanajia OTKpHTb cyHAyK-b: y nero aawoK'b 
He B-b nopajiK'fe. 

— /laftie MHi iionpo6oBaTb, y Mena ecTb TexHi«ecKaa jiob- 
KocTb. HAeMTe. — H Myxa noAHHJiacb. 

— Ho, indiKh me.., Bh xoTHie hath co mhoio naBepxi)? 

— Hy, Kone^HO. 

H OHH BMicrfe nOAHHJIHCb B-b BepXHiJft 9Ta5K'b, B-b KOMHaTyCamH. 

Offb samer'b CB'feHy. Ona cxajia na koji'^hh nepeA'b cyHAy- 

KOMTb H npHHHJiaCb BOBHTbCH Cly yUfSlJAUMly SaMKOMI). 

Offb CTOHji-b noaaAH nea, CKpecTHB-b pyKH, h cMOTp'feji'b na 
ea noJiHHii CMyrJiHii saTttiiOK'b. 

KaKTb KpacHBo Jiemarb 3th saBHTKH y nea na niei! 

— EcjiH C-b ona anajia, hto co mhoA A'fe'^aeTCH bi> btj mh- 
HyTy, HHTepecHo snaTb, npoAOJimajia jih 6h ona TaK-b ^e A'^t- 

CKH-HaHBHO CTOHTb HepeAO MHOft Ha KOJlinHXl), — AyMajT-b OH'b. 
— CMOTpHTe, CMOTpHTe, COflHaCb OTKpoeTCfl! 
OH'b HaKJIOHHJICH. 

— MyTa!.. — h oHb noij;'fejioBaji'b Ht^KHyio, CB'hmy^) meftKy. 


„COBPEMEHHHH THEl". 237 

Ona 3aKHHy.na Ha3aJ^•B roJioBy h BonpocHTejibHo na Hero cmo- 
TpiJia, c^acTJiHBaa, paAOCTHO CMymeHHaa. 

Bi> BTO MrHOBeme b-b z^Bepb nocxy^ajiH h. He AOJKHAaflcs 
oCHHHaro: „Bofl^HTe!", B-b KOMHaTy Bomejit EnpRxyCept. 

— H AoGujTh MOJiOTOKi> H n^HHUiH He Mory jih a homo^b? 
H B3rjiflAi> ^ro CKOjibSHjTB no jmi^aMt hxI) o6ohxi> cb bh- 

pamenieM'B TaKofl: cflepa^aHHoft bjioGh h MyHHTOJibHoK ;^yI^eBHo^ 
6ojm, HTo Cama npo ce6a uojiYU2ijn>: 

— Oaho ciobo, oj^ho ABHrnenie — h btotb mojiotok'b pasMoa- 
mmrb mok) hh B'b hom'b HenoBKHHyro rojioBy. /^tjio na^HHaerb 
iipHHHMaTb ApaMaTH^ecKili odoporb. 

OHTb jiacKOBO-CHHCxoAHTeJibHO no6jjiaroAapHJi'b xyAoasHHKa^ 
HapymHBmaro nx'h t^te-a-tSte, 3a Ao6poe HaM'fepeHie, AOCTajii> 
8CKH3H H, CnyCTHBmHCb BHIT3'b, ycfejicfl ci> MyToit B-b MajieHb- 

KOfi KOMHaTKi B03JI'fe CTOJIOBOfi. 

Ho Myxa ceroAHa CHJia He TaK'b xyAomecTBeHHo oC-bOKTHBHa, 
KaKT) ofiHKHOBeHHo, H jiHEib Ctrjio, pascfeflHHo nepecMOTpijia 

pHCyHKH. 

Ona CHj^iJia THxaa, 3aAyMHHBaH, cMyiii,eHHaH, cjiobho oi^'fe- 
neHtBHiaa. 

— a, npaBO, AynaK), hto OHa neBHHHa, KaK-b peOenoK'b, — 
jiyuBJi'b Cama, — h hto3to Chji-b nepBHfi noi^ijiyfl bi> esi ^chshh... 
Ho EnpRxyCepi) — npn ^ewb Tyii* OH-b? He 6hjio jih paHbme?.. 

— EHpRxyfiepi) JuodHT-b sacx, — Hanajii) OFb 6e3'b bc^rhx-b 
npeJiHMHHapiii. 

Ona RHBHyjia rojioBOia. 

— a 310 saMtTHJia B-b nocjrfeAHie hmr, 

— BhAth saMy^i) 3a ^ejioBtRa, ROTopHfi nyib He nory- 
Chjii* ceto H3'b jih)6bh Kh yMepmefi, aoji^ho Chtb, comhh- 
TeJTbHoe cHacTbe... 

Ona yAHBJieHHO B3rjiHHyjia Ha Hero. 

— Ho^eMy? Mena 6h 3to ne Hcnyrajio. KorAa ^ejioB'bR'B 
yM-feeTX TaRi* Jiio6HTb, laR-b HCRpenno h rjiyCoRO, BiA^, B-b 
cymHocTH, BaacHO tojibro oaho: yMieTi) jih HejioBtKi) HCRpenno 
jiioCHTb, He iipaBAa JIH?.. 

H ona cMorp-fejia eny b-b rjia3a npncTajibHHM'b, HcnbtryiomHM'b 

BBrjiaAOMB, nOHTH Cb MOJIbfiOH). 

— EcjiHO'b H a ^yBCTBoBajia R-b neny to :Re, ^ro owh ro 
MHi, — npoAOJi5Kajia ona thxo, — a AyMaiO; a CHJia Oh cHacrjiiiBa, 
HO a... 

— Ho BH? — oH-b cxBaTHJiB ea pyRy h HaRJioHHjica rb Hefi[ 
6jih3R0-6jih3R0. — ^oroBapiiBaflTe sue, MyTa, hto bh xot'^jih 
€Ra3aTb? 

— Hnnero. Hosaho yme, Mnib nopa AOMOft. OciaBbTe Mena... 

(OnoHHaHte ejuhdyerm). 


nHeaTejiL-rpaacflaHJEfflT) *). 

{TLEOhUA H. B. Forojifl. PeAaKi^is B, H. lUeupoKa. Hs^. A. <&. MapKca. Cn6, 

1901. 4 T.). 

(OKOHHanie). 


VI. 

OrpoMHoe H HpKO - onpefl;tjieHHoe BneTOTj-feHie, npoHSBeAeHsoe 
„PeBH3opoM'b'', Kjia;];erB bo bcakomi cjiy^ai kohoi^'b KaKHMi 6hi to 
BH 6hjio paaroBopaMt o 6e3C03HaTejiLH0CTH TBop^ecTBa bo BTopyw 
nojiOBHHy jiHTepaTypHofi jutaTejiLHOCTH Forojia. Ecjih ffaace fl;ony- 

<5THTB B03M0aCH0CTB, TTO ForOJIB paHBffle HO B^JjajIl, qTO TBOpHJEl, 

^TO KaKHMTb-TO oSpasoMi, BCfl „3JiocTB H ^paB;^a", KOTOpyH) „D[eH- 
sypane nponycTHTx", fljiflcTBOBajiH b^ Hem CTHxifino, to yate lenepb 
o6i 3T0M'B $H3HqecKH HO MOffiOTi* 6htb pt^H. IIoTpacaiomiee Bne- 
^aTji^Hie nepBaro ace npe;i;cTaBJieHiH „PeBH3opa" (19 anp. 1836 r.) 

Be OCTaBJiajIO HHEaKHX'B COMH^Hig HE OTHOGHTeJIBHO CHJIH BSMaxa 

caTHpn^ecKaro fin^a, hh OTHOCHTejiBHO Toro, npoTHBi ^ero ohi finjit 
HanpaBjieH'B. Hnne ycMOTpijiH TyrB tojibko „rjiynyK) $apcy", KaKt 
aTiecTOBajii ntecy HHKHTeHK*fe rpa$i. KaHKpnHi (wJl^HeBEHRt", t. I, 
CTp. 369). Ho 6ojiBniHHCTBO noHfljio, ^to pi^t Hfl;eTi ne tojibko o 
TOMTb 3ax0JiycTBi, oTh KOToparo XOTB TpH ro;i;a CKa^H, hh ;^o KaKoS 
rpaHHi^H He fl;ocKaqemB. IIpHcyTCTBOBaBmifl na npe^cTaBjieHiH HMne- 
paTopi HHKOJiafi eKasaai.: „BC'feM'B ^ociajiocL, a 6ojiBffle Bcero mh^". 
^epoBi 10 fl;Hefi nocjii nepnaro npe^ijCTaBjieHiH ForojiL nHmeT'B men- 

KHHy: jjBcfe npOTHB'B MeHff. ^HHOBHHKH HOaCHJIHe H HO^TeHHBie KpH- 

^aTi, TITO fl;jia Mena nfei HH^ero CBflToro, Korfl;a a ^epsnyjii TaKt 
roBopHTs cjiyacaniiHX'b jiioji.six'h; nojiHii.e3cKie npoTHBi MeHa; Kyni^i 
npoTHBi mohh; jiHTepaTopH npoTHBi MeHJT. Ecjih 6u ho bhcokob 
sacTynHH^ecTBO rocy^apff, nteca moh He fiujia 6bi hh 3a ^to na 
•cn;eHi&, h yace naxo^HJiHCL jho^h, xjionoTaBniie o 3anpemeHiH en" 
(I, 369). 

9to, KaKi eMy Kasajioct, „o6mee" ocyKAenie na nepBLixi. nopaxt. 


*) «Pyc. Bor.», 4>eBpajiB h MapT^. 


iraCATEJIB-rPAaCfllAHHfl'B. 239 

«aKi 6y;^T0 nofl,iHCTBOBajio Ha Foroja yrHexaiomHMi o6pa30Mi. Ho 
paacKaay AnHeHKOBa, TorojiL npaMO hstb leaipa npiizaJi'B ki cbo- 
eMj 3aKaji;HqH0My fl,pyry, no3Ty H. S., HpoKonoBHqy, r^i co6pajiocL 
H^cKOJiBKo qejiOB-feKi, H Bce BpeMfl 6hi3rh pasjiipaaceHTb h paacTpoent 
;h.o KpaSnocTH. Korfl;a IIpoKonoBHq'B, co cjiOBaMH: ^noJiiofiyflTecB 
Ha cHHEa" nofliHeci eiiy tojilko ^to BHinefl;inifi 8K3eMnjiapi „Pe- 
BH3opa", ForojiL njBHpnyji'B KHHry na nojii, noAomeji^ ki ctojij 
M, onHpaacB na nero pyKaMH, sa^^yM^HBO CKaaajn: „rocno^H Bose! 
Hy, ecjiH 6h oj^hhi, fljBa pyrajiE, ny h Bofe ct hhmh, a to Bct, 
Bct"... (AnneHKOBX, „BocnoMHHaHia h KpHTH^ecKie o^epKH", t. I, 
cTp. 193). IlHCBMa, OTHOcamiiaca Kt anpijiio, Maio h mm) 1836 
ro^a, noJiHU rjiyfioKofl tockh h ForojiB bo „Bceo6in;eMTb** ose- 
CToqefliH, BH3BaHH0MX ^PeBHSopoMi", BHfliHTt yrpo3y Bcefi CBOeS 
'^y^ymefi ^HTepaTypnofi fliiaxejiBHOCTH. ,yCTOjiHn;a meKOTJiHBO ocKop6- 
jiaeTca T'few'B, ^o BMBe^eHH HpasH mecTH qHHOBHHKOB'b npo- 
BHHii;iajiLHMX'B; qxo ace 6hL cKasajia crojim^a, ecJiH 6m BHBeji;eHH 
'6wLB. xoTff cjierKa ea co6cTBeflHHe HpaBHV SI oropqeni He HHfltm- 
HHMii oacecToqeHioM'B npoTHB'B Moefi nLOGH: Mena 3a6oTHTB Moa 
neqajiBHaa 6yfl;yin;H0CTL. npoBHHii;ia yace cjia6o pacyeTca Bt Moefi 
naMaTH, qepTBi ea yace Sji^ahh, ho acH3HL neiepdyprcKaa apEa 
nepe;i;i mohmh rjra3aMH, KpacKH ea shbh h p'i&sEn b'b Moei naMaxn. 
.Maji46maa qepxa ea — h Kant xor^a saroBopaxi moh cooTeqecxBeB- 
HHKH" (I, 377). 

HaH6ojiie apKHM^ Btipaacenieai'L yrnexeHHaro cocxoania Fo- 
rojia 6hjio ero dircxBO 3a rpaHHn;y. Ero BBajiH bi MocKBy, r^t 
ero acfliajia 6jiecxamiaa nocxanoBKa „PeBH3opa" h BOcxopseHHaa 
jiio6oBb MOCKOBCKHxt flipy3et — AKcaKOBHXi, noroj^HHa, menKHHa, 
HO OHi OT^ Bcero oxKasHBaexca. „HyBCTByio, — nnniexi ohx Iloro- 
^HHy, — qxo xenepB ne ^ocxaBHXi mh^ MocKBa cnoKoflcxBia, a a ne 
xo^y npiixaxB b% xaKOM^ xpeBoacHOMTb cocxoaniH, b-b KaKOMX naxo- 
jKycB HHH*. fifl;y 3a ^paHH^y, xam pasMHKaio xy xocKy, Koxopyio 
HaHOcax'E MHi eace;i;HeBH0 moh cooxe^eciBenHHKH. IlHcaxejiB coBpe- 
MeHHufi, HHcaxejiB EOMHqecKig, HHcaxejiB npaBOBi ;];ojiaceH'B no;i;ajiBnie 

6bITB OTt CBOefi pO^IjHHH. npOpOKy h4xI CJiaBH Bt OXHHBH^" (I, 370). 

OAHOBpeMOHHO CB xocKofl, HHCBjia Forojia BHOXH nepBOH nocxa- 
HOBKH „PeBH3opa" HOJiHH xoro, Hx5 npH nepBOMi B3rjia^i mohcho 
6hiJiO'6u c^ecxB oxKa30M'b oxx 6ojite rjiy6oKaro xojiKOBaHia, ko- 
Topoe fliajio BeJiHKoS K0Meji;iH Ha^HHaBniea npo6yac^axBca o6nte- 
-oxBeHHoe caMOGOSHanie. PoroJiL npHJiaraex'B ne Majina cxapania ei 
TOMy, qxo6H ocJiafiHXB o6o6iii;aH)mie bbibo^h, bosmohchocxb EOXopHXi 
<3i Heo6HqaflHOiQ qyxEOCxBK) xox^aci ace npe;iyra;i;ajiH ByjirapHHi. 
oi fipaxieH). Bi xomx ace hhcbm^, rji;t ohi HSBtn^aexTb IIorofl,HHa 
o cBoeiii pimeniH txaxB sa rpaHHn;y, ^xo6h ^pasMHEaxt xocEy", 
owb roBopHXTb CB Tope^bK), Eoxopaa MOffiexx cjiyacHXB ne MajiOD 
onopoK) A'Ha xeopin 6e3C03HaxejiBHocxH xBopqecxBa Porojia: „^to 
npoxKBi Mena yace piniHxeaBHO B03CxajiH xenepB Bci cocjiOBia, a 


240 PyCCKOB BOrATCTB©. 

He CMymaiocb aiiiMi,, ho KaK-L-TO xarocTHO, rpycTHO, Ko^;^a bhj^hhik 
apoTHBt ceSa HecapaBefl;jiHBo BoacTanoBJieHHHXi cbohxi ace cooTe- 
^ecTBeHHHKOBTb, KOToptixt OTB jijmii JiK)6HinB, Kor^a BUJlJimh, KaKt 
jiootcno, wh KaKOMt HeBipnoMi bh^;* hmh Bce npHHHMaexca. ^acmuoe 
npuHUMamb sa oSvj^ee, cJiynaiJi aa npaeiuio"' (I, 371). ^pest H-fe- 
cKOJiBKO ^Hefl ofl'b onflTB B03Bpani;aeTCJi k'b Hana^Kaiii EyjirapHea^ 
KOToparo Ha axoTi paai yrofl;HH^ecTBO c;i,ijrajio npoaopjiFBtiMt Kpn- 
THKOMi: „rpycTHO, Kor;i;a BHJ^H^Ib, ^to zjiyntbUuiee MH^Hie hmh ace 
onosopeHHaro h onjieBaHHaro nncaTejui fl;iflcTByeTi na hhx^ ae 
caMBxi H Hxt ace bojuhtx 3a hoctb: rpycTHO, Korj^a BH^iHfflL, 3% 
KaKOMi en^e acajiKOMt cocxoaHiH HaxoOTTca y Hact nncaxejii.. Bct^ 
npoxHBX aero, h H-fexx HHKaKoft ckojtlko - HH6y;^L paBHOCHJitHoS 
cxopoHH 3a Hero. „Ohi 3aaHraxejiL! Ohi CynxOBn^HKi"! H kxo ace 
roBopHxi? 9x0 roBopaxT» MHi jijo^h ^ocy;^apcxBeHHHe, jiio^iiH bucjit- 
acHBffliecH, OHHXHHe jijojiji, KOxopHe fl;ojiacHH 6u hm^xb nacKOJiBKO- 
HH6yfl;B yna, ^xo6i hohaxb ;tijio bx HacmosivjifeM% BH^n-fe" (I, 377). 

Bhjio-6h, OAHaKO ace, oqent rpy6oio oniHfiKOK) fliyMaxB, tto no^^an- 
jieHHOcxB, BH3BaHHaH Bpas^niedHHMi oxHomenieMi BJiiaxejiBHoS ^acxH 
ny6jiHKH, 6HJia CK0JIBK0-HH6y;^B rjiy6oKa. Bca 3xa nofljaBJieHHOCXB h 
xocKa 6hjih HCKJiio^HxejiBHO BHtniHia. Bi rjiySHH* jijhih cxpaniHHft 
myBfL, B036yacfl;eHH£i2 ^PenHBopoMt**, npH Bcefl CBoefl Bpaacfl;e6H0cxH, 
HpesBH^afino bhcoko noOT«Jii> BHyxpennee caMOcosnaHie ForojiH. 
Oho 6hjio bcjihko h fl;o xoro. Yace wh caMuxi pannnxx nncBMax'B 
CBOHXX TorojiB He pa3'B BHCKa3HBaexi y6tacfl;eHie, ^xo eMy npe^- 
cxoHxi Hxo-xo o^eHB fiojiBHioe B^ acH3HH. KpynHBifi ycnfixi, bm- 
naBHiifi Ha ero ^ojih) ho^xh cl nepBux'L ace maroBTb na jiHxepaxyp- 
HOMi nonpHni;^, yKpinnjit ero Bt 3xofl yB'fepeHHOCxH h ji;aace coo6- 
ni.HJi'L ero noBe;i;eHiiQ najiexi Ha;i;MeHH0cxH. Bi Bna^HxeJiBHofi cxe- 
neHH H3BicxHoe Bpaacj^e6Hoe qyBCXBO, Koxopoe ki> HOMy nnxajiH 
fl;aace xanie ^pe;^cxaBHxeJQ[H hObbixi jiHxepaxypHHXi Ha^ajn, saE'B 
HHKHxeHKO, 6hjio BH3BaH0 x^Mt, ^xo BO BceMi ero cyn];ecxBt ckbo- 
3HJ[0 o^eHB yace fioJibmoe MHtnie o 006*. Ho xenepB caMOcosHanie 
Forojia Ha^nnaexx npHHHMaxs pasM-fepH coBepraeHHO HCKJEio^HxeaBHHe. 
Oho BHpasHJiocL npeac;i;e Bcero Bt o6HqHOH eMy pejinriosHoft $opMi. 
„Hhh^ a HyBCXByK), ^xo ne seMHaa BOJia nanpaBJiaex'b nyxB Mofl" 
(I, 378), 6e3x BcaKHXi oroBopoKi roBopHT^ ohi HorofliHHy b'b KOH^'l^ 
HHCBMa, rfl;^ paacKasaHH „ocKop6jieHia h nenpiaxHocxH", cBasaHHHH 
ci „PeBH3opoMi*^. A wh ^Hcxo aHxepaxypHOMi oxHomeHiH oho CKa- 
aajiocB HeodHKHOBeHHHMi npHJiHBOMTb xBop^ecKofl yB^peHHOcxH. Yace 
wh nepBOMX nneBMt (Kt JKyKOBCKOMy) na-L-aa-rpaHHi^H, oxi 28 — 
16 iiona 1836 r., owh roBopnx^ ce6t: ^KaKHX-B bhcokhx'b, KaKHXT> 
xopacecxBeHHMXt oniymenifl, HeBHji;HMHX'B, neaaMixHHX'B aJI« CBtxa, 
HcnojiHeHa acH3HB Moa! KjiaHycb, a ^ixo-xo c^iifejiaH), ^ero ne flitjiaext 
ofiHKHOBeHHHS qejEOB^K'L. Jlbeunyw cujiy nyecmeyio e^ dymrb eeoeiji". 
(I, 384). 

Bx fl;ajiBHtftniHX'B nncBMaxt fiesrpaHHqnaa yB^pennocxB Forojin 


nHCATEJIL-rPAaCJ^AHEHTB. 241 

Bt CBOHXt cHJiaxi Bce pacTeTTb H pacTCTX, TaKt ^TO Bi ofimeMi 
Bcero Mente uoMerh h;hth pi^L o noj^aBJieHHOCTH. Cobc^mx Hao6opoTi, 
jiK)6HTejiH npiypoHHBaxB ForoJifl Kb oCjiacTH ncHxiaxpiH Moryix bt» ero 
pasBHBmeMca HMeHHO nocji'fe „PeBH3opa" Heo6HKHOBeHHO bhcokom'l 
npejtcTaBjieHiH o CBoeMi npHSBaniH Hafl;i;TH BecLMa 6jiaroji;apHHt 
MaTepiajoETb Ms^ yTBepacfl;eHiff, ^to hmi OBjia^ijia nacToamaff Mani^ 
BejiH^iiff. Ho aTo yace fl;pyraa ciopona Bonpoca, KOTopofl y^iofinie 
KOcnyTLca Bt cbhsh ct> HacTpoenieMt TorojiJi bx anoxy nojiiroTo- 
BJieHiH „nepenHCKH ex ;n;py3BffMH". 

BesKOHe^HO, oOTaKO, Baacnie h xapaKTepnie BHSBanHaro „PeBH- 
3opoM5>" noBHmeBHaro caMOcosHaniH ForojiJi ecxi, to, ^to Mente 
Bcero HSM^HHJicji nocjii ^rpocTHMxt Hanafl;eHift ByjirapHna h K® 
pfeKo-ofijiHqHTejrtHoe HanpaBJienie Torojiff, ct xaKOio chjioh) CKasaB- 
ineeca bi KOMej^in. „MepTBH3i lymn" noKaawBaioTB, ^to kphkh 
^saffiHraxejiL", „6yHX0Bia;HK'L" OKasajiHCL coBepmeHHO fiescHJiBHHM? 
OTKJiOHHXB Forojia ex xoro nyxn, na KoxopLifi ero nanpaBJiffJin 
ocHOBHHa cBoScTBa xajiaHxa. Eme ex necpaBHeHHo 66jrLnieK) enjioio 
onojr^aexcfl ohx xenept npoxHBx xeMHHXx cxoponx pyceKofl o6in;e- 

CTBeHHOfl JEH3HH. 

EJ^HHeTBO HanpaBJienia h xona ,,PeBH3opa" h „MepxBiJxx jymx" 
rjiyCoKO BfiaMesaxejiLHO. EejiH Boo6me BeaKoe ^JiOJirojifenee xBop- 
qeeKoe e;nHHCXBO CBHfl;txejiLCXByexx o6x opraHH^HoexH Hacxpoesiflr, 
o xoMX, qxo OHO BHxeKJio H3X ii;ijiLHaro fl;yineBHaro CKJiaj^a, xo bx 
^aHHOMX cjiyqa^ oho eme HeepaBHeHHO xapaKxepnie, noxoMy ^xo 
KpHKH, nofl;HffBniieea no noBo^y „PeBH3opa", 3acxaBHjiH Forojrff npn- 
cxajiLHO 3aHHXbeff CBoScxBaMH eBoero fl;apoBaHia. IIpaMO h onpe^ti- 
jneHHO o6xacHffexx ohx noroja;HHy njbjih cBoefl sarpanH^Hofl noi3fl;KH: 

,,'Bjiy pasryjiffXB cbok) xocKy, zjiySono^ oddyMamb ceou odEsan- 
Hoemu aemopcKin, ceou Sydyw^in meopeuifi**' (I, 378). 

H 3X0 Beero Mente 6Hjia $pa3a. KaKx hh no3;oflxH kx saasjie- 
hIk) pascxpoeHHaro Bpaa:ji;e6HHMH KpHKaMH asxopa „PeBH3opa", 
HejiB3fl[ He bhji;6xb bx HeMX Bnojrni peajiBnaro aceJiaHm yrjiySaxBCH 
Bx caMoro ce6a. ITpH xomx Hefl;OB'fepiH kx neKpeHHoexH Porojifl, ko- 
Topoe 6hjio ;iiaace y JiyqniHxx inpysefl ero, MoacHO, Kone^HO, eKen- 
TH^ecKH oTHecxHex KX BHCOKonapHofi ofiojio^Ki ptoeniii „o6;i;yMaxB 
CBOH ofiasaHHOcxH aBxopcKia". Ho juaace npn axoMX neBHCOKOMX 
MHtHiE rorpjii, npH y6i^H«eHiH, ^xo ohx 6y«xo-6H Bcer^a 6hjix 
ce6t Ha yni^, hhkxo yace ne cxanexx enopHXB, no Kpaftnefl Mip-fe, 
npoxHBX xoro, ^xo PorojiB expoMHjiea xyxx HanjiyqniHMX o6pa30MX 
ycxpoHTB CBOH JiHxepaxypHHa ^tjia. Jaace ex ysKO-npaKXH^ecKoS 
to^kh sptniH Poroaio na^o 6hjio o6fl;yMaxB enoH 6yji;yni;iji xBopeHi^r, 
■qxo6H onaxB He naxojiKHyTBca na xaKoS npioMX, KaKofl BCxpi&xHJix 
^PoBHsopx". H ecjiH xtMX He Men-fee Forojix nomejix no cxapoMy 
nyxH, xo, sna^Hxx, ohx yace canniKOMX hcho qyBcxBOBajix, hxo ne 
Moacexx ohx CBepnyxB na ;i;pyroS nyxB. EaKX hh „o6ji;yMHBajix" 
ohx CBOH „aBxopcKiH ofiasaHHoexH" h cboh „6y;iiyni;iff xBopenia", a 

}fe 4. Ota^ji'b I. 16 


242 PyOOKOE BOrATCTBO. 

Bt peayjiBTaTt hbhjihcb „MepTBBui J^y^IH" cl hxi coKpymaiomHMt 
OTpHn;aHieMi, iiBHJiacB ^UlHHejiB*', ^J^•fe c^ijtJiaH'B eme mari Birepeji;'B 
Bi TOMt ace HanpaBJiefliH, hotomj hto lyii He tojibko paapymeHa 
H CMeTena CTapaa ne^HCTB, ho h fl;aH'B CBtTJiufi jroaynn Bcefi HO7 
BiSmea pyccKOfl JiHTepaTypt ct en 6opL6ofi 3a yHHKeHHHX'B h 

OCKOpfijieHHHX'B. 

Ho caMMMi apKHMi H pimaiomHMi fljOKaaaTeJiBCTBOM'B Toro, ^to 
ptnieHie „o6fl;yMaTL cboh aBTopcKin o6H3aHHOCTH** He ecTL rpoMKaa 
$pa3a, CKasaHHaa ]i,jisi KpacoTH cjiora, aBJiaeTCff „TeaTpajiLHLift 
pa3xt3ji;'b", KOTopHfi Ha^aTi 6uji'b bi> rofl;^ nocxaHOBKH „PeBH3opa" 

H nOHBHJTCn TOJILKO Bl 1842 r., 0fl;H0BpeMeHH0 CB „MepTBHMH ji,y- 

niaMH". OHt, SHa^HTX, ofiAyMHBajicH, pa3pa6aTHBajicH h, no Toro- 
jieBCKOMy ofiHKHOBemio, ;necaTKH past nepe^iiJiHBajica b% to aae ca- 
Moe BpeMii, Korfl;a apijia, nHcajiacB h Toace na pasHHe Jia^H bbi- 
npaBJiHjiacL h o6cyac;iiajracL b^ TBop^ecKOMi HacTpoeniH Forojiii 
BejiHKaa „no3Ma". 

„TeaTpajibHHH pastfej^t" He tojilko ' npHa^iJieacHT'B Kt HHCJiy 
cajiHX'B no;i;po6Hi»ix'L aHajiH30B'L „PeBH3opa*', ho bm^ct* ct Ti^M^ 
siBJisieTcsi n;'fejiHM'L TpaKTaTOM-B 3a^a^ax'L K0Meji;iH BOoSme h komb- 
fl;iH o6m;ecTBeHHOH bi. iiacTHOCTH. Bt ;i;ecaTKax'L jiHUt, npoxo;!i;Hii].HX'B 
npe;i;i ^HTaiejieM'L jih6o ch KaKOio-HH6y3.b jipKofi $pa3ofi, jih6o ct 
nojupodHBiMt H3JioaceHieM'L CBoero Mipoco3epn;aHiff, BHpaaKenH Bci^ 
MH^Hiff H Bcfe TOJiKH, B036yac;i;eHHMe KOMe^iiefi. Ot-l jinnit, na koto- 
pHXTb oHa npocTo HHKaKoro Bne^aTJitHiff ne npoH3BeJia h „6e33a- 
ooTHBix^ Ha cqeTi JiHiepaTypH" b-l laKoft cxeneHH, ^to nteca Ka- 
aceTCii HM-L ^epeBo;^OM•B c^ $paHi];y3CKaro, ;ii;o Tixi, KOTopne na- 
cTOJiLKO npo3opjiHBLi, ^To HOJiaraioTi: „3a TaKyio KOMeffiio Te6a 6h 
B-L Hep^HHCK'L", ForoJiL He ocTaBBJit 6631 BOspaaceHia h pa3CM0- 

Tp-feniff HH OJ^HO H3i BLICKa3aHHBIXi Bl ne^aTH HJIII HOCHBHIHXCH Bt 

B033iyx^ MH^Hia „PeBH3opi^". JI,ojirojii&THHJT pa6oTa Haji,!, Kaa;ji;oft 
$pa3ofl c;^'6JIaJIa ^TeaTpajiLBLift pa3'Bi3;i;'B" npoH3BeAeHieMi y;!i;HBH- 
TejibHo CKOHi];eHTpHpoBaHHHM'B H oSj^yMaHHHMi., r^i,^ Kaacji;aa cxpo^Ka 
HMieT-L 3HaqeHie, rji,i hh o;a;Horo cjiOBa ne cKa3aH0 cnpocia. 

Ho 3To3 coBepmeHHO hsi pa;i;y boh-l Bwxo^amiel o6cToaTeJiB- 
hocth caMoaHajiH3a h caMOKpHXHKH, „TeaTpajiLHbiH pas'BtsA'B" ne 
HxMteT'B ce6t HHqero anajiorH^Haro b% acHSHH jipyrnxi. jiHTepaTyp- 
Hux-L KopH^eeB-L. npaB;i;a, pi^JUKO KOMy hsi TBOpiHOBl Ttxi. np.0H3- 
Befl;eHit, KOTopLie, KOxopHe yj^apiijiH no cepmaMi ch neBi^jiiOMOK) 
cHJioio, He npHxoOTJiocL Bi TOH HJiH ji;pyrofl ^opai-fe oTpaacaxb hjih 
npej^ynpeffi:ji;aTs BceBoaMoacHHii Hana;i;eHifl: h HeinoyMtHin. H JlepwoH- 
T031. Bt npe^HCJiOBiH Ki „repoK) Hamero BpeMenn" j^aBaJit hsb-Ict- 
Haro po;i;a EOMMeHTapifl Kt CBoeMy poMany, h TypreneBt Bt „JIh- 
TepaTypHHxt BOcnoMHHaniax'L" ;a;oBOJii>Ho npocxpaHHO 06'BacHffji'B 

HCTHHELia CMLICJI'L „0x^OB'B H JH-fexeft", H TOJICXOH HHCajI^ „nOCJI*- 

c.TOBie Kt Kpea^epoBOH Conaxfe". Bt sanaAHoeBponeflcKofi jihtb- 
paxypi eme 6ojLine npHM-fepoBi xaKoro OAHOBpeMeHHaro Bucxy- 


HHGATEJIB-rPAaCMHHfl'B. 243 

njieHifl xy^oacHHKOBt b-l pojin ne tojilko TBopniOBX, ho h kphth- 
KOBi H nojieMHCTOBt — BcnoMHHMi. xoTii 6u 3HaMeHHToe npe;a;HCJioBie 
BHKTopa Fioro Kt „KpoMBejiK)". Ho KpoM^ IIlHjrjiepoBCKHxi ^IIh- 
<5eMi JloHt-Kapjioci" HtTi», KaaceTCii, b-b JiHTepaTypt hh o?i;Horo 
TaKoro nopa3HTejii>HO-fl;eTajibHaro caMoaHajiH3a, KaKt „TeaTpajrLHHfi 
past^a^i;!*". H BcexaKH o6i aBTopf> ero roBopaTi, KaKx o ^npe^i;- 
oxaBHTOJit TBop^ecTBa ^HCTO-cTiTxiflHaro H 6e3c03HaTejrLHaro! Jta 
yse npocTO bi cHJiy Toro, ^ito Torojib 6hjii yacacHO h cajio- 

JIK)6hB'B, H TieCTOJIIOdHB'L H Bi^HO HOCHJICa CO CBOeiO, OCO60H) He 

Mon OH-L ce6}i He H3y^HTi> ;n;o BejiH^aflniefl tohkocth! 

TojiBKO 9THM'L nocTOHHHHMTb pasMLinuTeHieMt Eajl^ly oco6eHHO- 

•CTHMH CBOerO TBOp^eCTBa MOaCflO odlflCHHTB Ce6i/ HTO HHKTO H3X 

HaniHXi nncaxejieft ne jiiaJi'B TaKHXi apKHXt caMOonpe^i^JieHifl, KaK-L 
ForojiL. Jlyqniiff ^opMyjinpo^KH ForojieBCKaro TBopqeciBa co3;ii;aHH 
HMi ace cajsAHMi. Hhkto, KaK-L om> caMt nc^epnajit bck) cyni,HOCTB 
jjMepTBHxt ^ymi", 3aK0HHHB'L nepByio ^lacTB BejiHKoft hosmh rjiy- 

^OKO-BHCTpa^aHHHMH CJIOBaMH „He3pHMMX'L CJie3aX'L CKB03B BH- 

j^hmhS Mipy CM^xt". Ohi ace naMi pascKasajit Bt CBOHXt nHCL- 
Maxx, TITO He . npeACTaBJEHeTt ce6t K0Me;i;m jydesi*. npaB;i;Bi h 
sjiocTH**, a BT, „TeaTpajiLHOM'B pa3'L§3;iit" pa3'BacHHji'L, HTO cpe^H 
njiyTOB-B „PeBH3opa" ecTB ojiiho ^ecTHoe JiHn;e — aBTopcKifi „TiecTHHS 
cmIx-l". HaK0Heri;'B, OHt ace b^b „inHHejiH" noflCHHJH naMt, hto h 
3a6HTBrfl AKaKiS AKaKieBH^^* ^eparB naniB", h otohijih b-b rjiy6o- 
KOMt pa3MLiniJieHiH oxi AKaKin AKaKioBH^a noTi^maBHiieca na^ij 
HHM'B coojiyacHBiiiBr, a ^HTaxejiH nonajiH, ^to 3;aHa $opMyjia 6e3EO- 
He^Hofi rjiy6HHBi h cKasano cjiobo, ^peBaxoe orpoMHHMH jrHTepaxyp- 

HHMH H odmeCTBeHHO-MOpaJILHBIMH HOCJl^JliCTBiffMH. 

H Bcfe caMOonpeA^JieHia Forojin cxajiH jcpHjiaxHMH. Mnoro 
coxeHB cxaxefi Hanncano o xBop^ecxBi TorojiH. Ho B03BMHxe jiiaace 
caMHH jiy^miff, caMLaa fijiecxamia nax hrxx — hh o;i;Ha He Hji;exi» 
;i;ajiBiiie h rjiy6ace sxhxb bc^^mi HaCHBrnnxB ocKOMHny, Bonieji;ninx'B 
BO Bci^ yqe6HHKH, HO Bi&HHO-JOHBix'B HO CBoeft HeopejioacHOCXH $op- 
MyjiB. HpocMoxpHxe Bce xo, ^xo no3;nHCHBaexcfl[ noji.'B TorojieBCKHMH 
naMflxHHKaMH, 6iocxaMH, nopxpexaMH, npHCJiyniaflxecB ko BceMy xoMy, 
qxo roBopHxca npn xixB qecxBOBaHiaxB Torojiff, Kor;i;a npnxofliHxca 

^HXB KpaXKHMB H BM^feCxi CB XiMB CHJIBHHM'B H BLI OHflXB-XaEH HO 

yfij^exe ji;ajtBnie rorojieBCKHXB caMoonpe^i&JieHiS, kb KOXopHMB pa3B4 
emie npHcoe;i;HHiTK)xcji H^KOxopHa Bapian,iH Ha 3xh ace caMHfl, o^- 
HaKO, $opMyjiLi, Bpoji;* Hspe^eHia h3B lepeMin: jjFopbkhmb CMi- 
xoMB nocM^roca" h x. ;n;. TaKHMB o6pa30M'B, nKofiH 6e3C03HaxejiBH0- 
TBopHBfflifi HHcaxejiB HOJiyTinjiB xaKyio BjiacxB na^B cbohmh o^iH- 
KaMH, Koxopyio He HM^exB HH o;i;hh'b h3b x4xb, kb KOXopHMB xeo- 
pia 6e3co3HaTejiBHaro xBop^ecxBa HHKor;i;a ne npHMinaaacB. Bbixo- 
j^HXB, Tixo HHKxo BB xaKoft M'fepi HO jnocxHri BHCDiaro npoHBJieHia ana- 
jTHSHpyronteft My^pocxH — nosnaxB caMoro ce6a, KaKBEMeHHoForojiL. 
H ^ocxaxo^HO cpaBHHXB saM^qaxejiBHyK) xo^hocxb ForojieBCKHXB ca- 

1 rv^ 


244 


PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 


MoonpefliiJieHifl cl caMOonpeAtJieHiaMH ;^py^Hx^, He Mente ero sejiH- 
KHX^ nHcaTejieS-TBopi^eB^B^ ?to6h oi^iHHTL HXi 3Ha^eHie h noHAXL- 
no^eny ohh nojiy^ajiH xaKyx) BJiacTB Ha^i rpethkoh). Bo8i>m6mi>, bi^^ 

CaMOHl ]likjl^y XOT£[ 6u UyiDKEHCEid ^IlaMflTHHE'B'', nHCaHHLlfi ES 

TOMy ace 3a hJceojilro M4can;eBi fl;o cMepra, Eorjora Bce jiHTepaTyp- 
Hoe nonpnme 6hjio npofiAeno, EOrfl;a oTEpHBaaacL mnpoEaa uep- 
cneKTHBa Ha bck) TBop^ecEyio schshl. H k^kl TyT^h, scexaEH, Majio 
onpefliijieHHO o^ep^ena jEHTepaTypnaH $H3iOHOMia BejiHEaro noaTa. 
Kone^HO, BnoJiHi onpaBAa^HCL npopo^ecTBa ^to He ^sapocTeTT.- 
Hapo;i;Haa xpona" e'b ero naiiaTHHEy, nxo „Aynia bi saBixHofi 
jiHpi" nepeacHBexTb ero „npaxi h xJEinta y6i»HXTb*', hxo wCJiyxt" 
no3xt „npoS^exi no Bceft PycH BejiHEOfl" h ^io ^Ha30Bexx»** ero- 
^BCflEi cynUfi Bi Hefl hbhei". Ho Bi]i,b 3xo Bce xojibro onpe^tjie- 
Hie pasMipoBi XBop^ecEaro renia, a HHEaEi ne cboScxbi ero. 
Kor^^a »e ji;onijio flio yEa3aHia xoro, ^iwb HMenno 6y^ex'B cJiaBen't- 
„Bi Ho^iiJiyHHOMi Mipi" no3xi, nojiy^HJiHCL xaEie fijit^HHe h ne^ 
xapaExepntie EOHxypH, qxo npocxo CMtmHO h cpaBHHBaxt g% bh- 
jiHXBiMH HSi 6poH8H ptsEHMH ^epxajiH caMOonpe3;iJieHifi Forojur. 

H fliojiro oyAy T^wh joooeaewh si Bapo;i;y, 

Hto HjBCTBa ji;o6pLiH H Jinpofl npo6yHt;i;aji'i>, 

Hto B'b MOH HcecTOKift B^Ki) B03CjiaBQji'B fl CBo6o;!^y 

n MDJtOCTL Krb Ua.Jl,inHWb QpiI3b1BaJlT>. 

Kio corjiacHxcH ct 3xoh) cxpaHHOio xapaExepHcxHEOio? JlJOfl,w 
caMaro npoxHBonojioacHaro oSpasa MHCjefl ee 6jjijTh ocnapHBaxL. 
Hh „MiiicjiHmiS 'peajiHCxt" IlHcapeB^, he ero anxEHO^H — scxexEKH 
TiBcxofi bo;i;h ne ycMOxpaxi D[eHxpa xaacecxE ^.^ExejiLHocxE Ilym- 
EHHa Bt B036yac;i;eHiE ^^jjofipHXt ^yBCXBt"; B03CJiaBjieHie cbo6o^h 
cjinniEOM'b MEMOJiexHHS 3nE30ji;'i> b'b sceshe aBxopa ^KjieBexHEEaM'^ 
PoccIb"; npH3HBaHie mejiocxe ei na^iniHMi — axo yjEe cEopte ann- 
30ji;i ES'B nacxHofi acE3HE no3xa. Cjiobomx*, Bce He apEO, He xapaE-^ 
xepHO. He y;i;HBExejiBHO, ^xo axo caMOonpe^iJieHie ne osaaajio hh- 
KaEoro BJiiHHiE na cy;i;L6y HymKEHa bb kphxee* e hoxomcxb^. 
H KaEi ace ne 0D;iHHXL nocjii 3xoro CEJiy e onpefl.4jieHHOCxB To- 
rojieBGEaro caBionosnaHiH. 

Ho BJiacxH Ha;!;^ cbohme 6yfl;ym;HME OD;'&HEaME, napaBHi ci To- 
rojieMt, MoacHO uocxaBHxt xojibeo HeEpacona, .Eoxopnfl, EaE'E cEa- 
sajii npo CBOK) Mysy, qxo ona „My3a MecxE e ne^ajiB", xaEX xoace- 
HaBcerfl;a inaji-L onpefli^JieHie, fl;ajiBnie Eoxoparo ne nonuia bce no- 
cji*fliyK)ni;afl EpHXHsa. Ho Bi^ji;B HeEpacoBi ne xojibeo ne desco- 
SHaxejiBHHfl noaxB, ho fl;aace „Hji;efiHBi8", a no MniHiio ehhx'b h 
„xeHfl;eHn;io3HHfl", x. e. npe;ii;cxaBHxeJiB xBop^ecxBa, r;^i pascyffo^- 

HOCXB rpaHH^EX'B CB npEMOK) nporpaMHOcxBK). 

^X06h nOEOH^HXB CB HeB^pHBLMl BB EOpH* BarJIE^^OMTb Ha 603- 

GOsnaxejiBHOcxB XBop^ecxBa ForojiE, CEajKeMi eni;e h^ceojibeo cjiOBt 
061 o;i;ho3 ;i;exajiE, b'b Roxopofi, noBHfl;EMOMy, Hafl;o ECEaxB rjiaBHHft 


HHCATEJIt-rPiHtflAHHHT.. 245 

HCTo^HHKi BosHHFiHObeHifl sTOFo BstjiaRa. Mtr yate sBaeni,, tto 3a- 
poflHJica OHt y BtJTHHCKaro TOi^aci noca* noafiaeHia peaKi;ioHHo3 
flIIepenHCKH ci HpysLflMH"; noAA^pXHsajia ero nosaatflniaH KpHTHSa 
Toace Bi CHJiy npOTHBOpi^ia MeKjy rjiyCoKO neccHMHCTE^ecKHH's 
■OTHomeHieMi roroJia-xyjioaiHBKa kt, SropoKpaTHiecEojiy MexaBHSHy 
rocyaapcTBeHHaro yEJiaja sainero, n ero Teopern^ecKofi npesaa- 
BOCTLK) cymecTByromeMy cTpoio bo Bcefi ero coBOKynHocTH. 

Ho CMymaxLCH 9thmi npOTaBOpiiqieMi ' b HymaTt, qro oao mo- 
aceTt OTHflTb y rorojiA npaso HasHBaTtwi nHcaTejieMi-rpawjiaHB- 
HOM'L— 3Ha^BrB lepsTB HciopH^ecEyio To^Ky Bpisifl. Jljia Haci, aaiH- 
Haa ci KOHna 40-xx r.r., Korna HffeH eBpOBefiCKaro ^leuoEpaTSSHa 
H mamsa o6mecTBeHHofl nHniiiaTHBu Bceiitjio saejiaii^tjiB jiyqmBMB 
«epJwaMH, CO c^oBaME „rpa3maHCKifi", BrpsKaaHCTBeHHOCTt", „rpaat- 
j^aHBHi" CBSsaHO noBaTie o ^omi-to, CRanceMi s.3a y^oOcTBa, oSufe- 
cmeeHHO-caModoejtnwuieMT), o lesn-TO BenpeMiaeo npoTHBonoJiOHt- 
HOMt Bceay sjiacTL HMymemy, o leMi-To onno3Hi(ioHHOMt. Ho 9Ta 
fiesycjioBso-noaHHtfiniaa TO^Ka apiaia ebeobmi. oSpaaoMt He ;;oJiXHa 
npHJiaraTtca Rt aajiKOHy cocTOaHiR) „o6mecTBa", KOrjta ero Hafijnoflaji'L 
Foro^t. So copOKOBHxi rojtoBi ajioMeHTu nporpecca Bcero meete aa- 
(uno^ajTHCt Bi oCmeoTBeBBOM'B cosBaBiH. He 6yfleMt flaate ysojan. 
Bi oco6eBB0 oTflajieBayro crapaay, ee 6ya;eMt npajaBaTb BHa^eHiJi 
TOMy, KaKX „o(5mecT80" npa Ana* loaBaoBBt oKaaajio piraBTejiBHoe 
npOTHBOflificTBie CTpeifJieniio BepxoBHHKOBi ystjiEiL ^acTL BJiacTB 
npeHCTaBHTejiaMi 9Toro „o6niecTBa"; He CTaneMt ocTanaBJiBBaTtcfl 
TaKffie Ha tomi, Kaici Bt 3noxy „HaKa3a" b pacHBtTa npocBtaieH- 
Haro a6cojnoTH3Ma „o6meCTBO" OKasHBajio piniHTejibHoe conpoTBB- 
jieaie BcaKOsiy RaiueEy aa ocBo6oameHie KpecTtffHT>; HaKOHeii^, 
OTBeceBi k% cTapant ^bmb to, tto sejiBKifi nncaTeai. h jiExepa-, 
Typeut pe$opMaTopt KapaasHEi BCTynnjit Bt pftraETejitByio 6opB6y 
ci aofipOBO-ibBtiMt acejiaaieMi AjieKcaeapa I yjieHtniHTt cbok) 
BJiacTt Bi BOJibsy „o6mecTBa", OrpaHHiHMca TOJitito 6jiHa:aSmeB) 
Ki roro-iH) aaoxoH) — bojiocoio cosAaaia „ropfl on yMa". B% ptsKO- 
rpamjaacKoa OBpacKt se-THKoft KoiaeRiH-caTEpH hhkto He cOBni- 
Baerca. Ho npoTBB^ lero h kopo aanpaBjieBi ea naeoct? Hckjiio- 
^BTeitao apOTHBi. „o6ineCTBa", bi samnry Tixt, ejHHHqaHS'b jihi- 
aocTefl, CTpemjieBia KOTopaxi mjiH b^ paspisi ci oSufeemeeHHTytM'^ 
sacToeMi. ''lero-HafiyflB nnpOTeciyKnnaro" bi, BosaBtflnieMt cmhcji^ 
Bt „ropt OTi yMa" atTi h cjitja. H Boit, rpaamancTBeBHOCTt 
rorojifl coBepareHHO aHajiorHiHaro xapasiepa, bi Befl h4ti BH^ero 
onno3HipoHHaro, noTony ^to b* to BpewaHaKO 6hjio ente Sopomtca 
ei ccLKu-wb oSmecmeoMit, BOTony ^to oho, ct ojHOfi CTOpoHH, co- 
cToaao H3t KasHOKpaaoB'B H TOprOBiteBi apaBOcyaieMi., a ci apy- 
rofi— fl3i Hx^ aaKasH^HMxt flpy3eS, Jtofi^HBCKaxx, EoCihhckbxi, 
CofiaKeBB^efi a MaHHJioBHX^. Jljia Forojia, cjtflOBaTejiLBO, nonaTie 
o6i „o6aieCTBt" HHKaKi He Morjio HMtTt TOro oSaaaia, KOTopoe 

OBO HMieTl flJIfl BOSaa^^EIflX'L HOKOatHiS, H He Bt Hem OHX BCKaat 


246 pyccKOB BorATcxBO. 

cnaceHia PocciH. ^epHMineBCKifl BectMa tohko h aaBHxejiBHO roBO- 
pHJi'B cTpaHHofi Hfliei, nojioaceHHOfi bi ockoBaHie cioateTa „PeBH^ 
3opa", KOTopaa yaie caMa bx ce64 saKJiioqaerB hJ^to anoMajiLHoey 
noTOMy ^TO B% HopMajTLHO-ycTpoeHHOMTb rocyfliapcTBeHHOMt 6HTy 
ecTL rjiacHHS oSmecTBeHHHft kohtpojib, ncKJiioqaion^ifi h flitjraiomift 
HenyacsHMt nocHjiKy tbAeutl peBHsopoB'B. Ho HepHHrneBCKift 
HCXOAHJK» H3i» TeopiH, Hsi Toro, ^TO fliOJi3KHO 6htl, a Forojib 6uJL'b 
BejiHKifl peajiHCTi, h ji^Jisi Hero CMiniHO 6hjio 6u n npejiiCTaBHTt 
ceSt „o6mecTBeHHufi KOHTpojib", TO ecTB qio Jto6^HHCKifl, Bo6qHH- 
CKifl H PacTaKOBCKifi Sy^yTx KOHipojiHpoBaTL CKBbsHHKa-JtMyxa- 
HOBCKaro H KyMa Bo6qHHCKaro TanKHHa-JIanKHHa. Ohi necoMHtHHO 
3Kfl;aji'B cnacenia h HC^tJIeHiff o6mecTBeHHHXTb pasi otl fl;o6paro 
acejiafliff BJiacTH. Ho ohi-jih o^Ht 3Kji;ajra» ero h31 aioro HCTO^HHKa? 
Jta BOSLMOMTe Toro ace BijiBHCKaro, KOTopHfi TaKt HanycTHJica Ha 
Porojiff 3a jjHepenHCKy" h BostMeaiTe ero fliaace He Bt anoxy co- 
3fl;aHia „PeBH8opa" h „MepTBHXTb fliymt", ne okojio 1840 ro^a^ 
Kor;i;a ero npocjiaBJieHie „pa3yMHoft A'feScTBHTeJiLHocTH^^ 6hjio no- 
HCTHHi dimenoe, a Bt 1846 — 48 rr., Korfl;a OHt „pacceficKyio 
;i;ificTBHTejiBHOCTB" HasHBajn ne HHane KaKX „rHycHofl", Kor^a obt, 
yace 6ujii> njiaMeHHHM'L coqiajiHCTOM'B h ;i;aaBe $ypLepHCT0MTb. Bi> 
KOHi^'fe 1846 roji;a b-l neTep6ypri pa3HecjiHCB KpaflHe-npeynejiH^eH- 
HHe cjiyxH TOMTb BecBMa MHpHOMt, HO cyni;ecTBy, EnpHJiJio-Me' 
eofl;ieBCKOM'L fipaTcxBi, 6jiaro3;apH Koxopony nocxpafliajiH Kocxoiaa- 
poBi, KyjiHmB H oco6eHHo lUeBqeHKO, cocjiaHHHft cojiftaxoMi b-b 
OpeH6yprB. 5iJiHHCKifl oxnecca ktb hhmx cb eojihbim'b nopHi^aHieMX, 
Ha3HBajix HXi „BparaMH BcaKaro ycni^xa", noxoMy ^xo, KaKX Forojit, 
acjijajiB 3xoro „ycntxa" xojibko oxt ^o6pofi bojih BJiacxH. 3a h^- 

CKOJIBKO M^CHI^eBB ]Ifi CMepXH Bi&JIHHCKifi HaHHCaJI'B AHHeHKOBy 

HHCBMO, CI KOxopHMi ^iKxaxejiB Moacexi no3HaKOMHXBca no xaKofi 
pacnpocTpaneHHoft KHHri^, KaKB „Buoxa BejTHKHXB pe^opM^" Jtacan- 
HiieBa. 3fl;tcB ohx cx BOCxoproMi. coo6ni;aexx o pa3HHXTb HaM^^ae- 
DiHXOi xor;ii;a noji;roxoBHxejiLHHX'B maraxB kb oxm^h^ KpinocxHoro 
npaBa, npe^aexca pafl;ocxHHMx oacH/naniaMX h xojibko o^Horo CMep- 
xejiBHo 6oHxca, ^xo6bi KejieflHO BBi3BaHHHe bb Hexepfiypri npe;i;- 
cxaBHxejiH ocHOBHoro 8JieMeHia xorji;aniHflro „o6ni,ecxBa" — ;i;BopaHe 

CBOHMX KOpblCXHHMB OXHOHieHieMB KB BOnpOCy HO HCHOpXHJIH fla- 

cxpoenia BJiacxH. TaKB ecjiH no^jjodHBiMx, o6pa30Mi kb „o6ni;ecxBy" 
oxHOCHjica con;iajiHcxB h $ypBepHcxx BijiHHCKifl, xaKB ^xo ace mh, 
6yji;eMB xpe6oBaxB hhoxo oxHonieHia oxi Forojia? Ha^o ace, b-b ca- 
MOMB ]i!hji% BcaKoe HBJieHie HCxopn^ecKofi 3KH3HH pa3CMaxpHBaxB 
bx ycjiOBiaxB xoro BpeMenn, kb KoxopoMy oho oxhochxch. Fo- 
rojiB 6hjib HecoMHiHHo npeflicxaBHxejiB xeopin npocBini,eHHaro a6- 
cojiK)XH3Ma, ero H^ijeajiOMB 6hjib 6jiaroHaMtpeHHH8 ne bb nom* 
jiOMB CMHCJii „rocy;iiapcTBeHHHfl MyacB", 0KpyacaK)ni,i8 ce6a ^ecx- 
HBiMH ^HHOBHHKaMH. Ho 3X0 He M^aexx cMy 6hxb h rpaacinaHH- 
HOMB, bb xomb CMHCJii, KaKB MH yaco BBiHie onpe;i;tjD[ajiH nonaxie 


nHCA.TE-lB-rPA3KJi;AHHHl.. 247 

rpaacjiaHHHt, t. e. nejiOB'feKOMt ynopno, cTpacTHO h Bnojini nesa- 
^ucuMO fl;yMaK)iii,eMX o 6jiar4 pb;n;HHH. IIoA^epKHBaeM^ nesaeueuMO, 
noTOMy ^TO Bt anoxy Korfl;a noniJiaH ^ejiaroHaM-fepeHHOCTb" Tpe6o- 
Bajia po30BHX'B KpacoKt, Kor;i,a no BctMi Bt;n;oMCTBaM'L 6e3pa3;n4jii>HO 
rocno;i;cTBOBaji^ ^opaiyjia „Bce o6ctoht'l 6jiaronojiy^Ho", ForojiB — 
(npH6aBHMi» Kt TiHCJiy HSBtcTHux'L Hajit H 8T0 HOBoe apKoe CaMO- 
onpeja;4jieHie h3x „TeaTpajiBHaro pastiaflia") cm^jio ofinaacaji'L 
^odmecTBeHHHa paHH". Majio Toro:^ Korfl;a ^rocnofl;HHTb B." 3aJ^ae^L 
Bonpoci: „qiM'L BiicTaBJiflTB jiiypHoe, sa^^Mt ace ne BHcxaBHTB xo- 
poinee, ;ji;ocToflHoe noApaacania", ForojiB, ycTaMH „rocno;nHHa B.",He 
o6HHyacB, OTBiqaeTi: „3aqtMi»? Sa^iw-B ooth-b OTen,Tb, acejiaa HCTop- 
rflyxB CBoero CHHa hs-b 6e3nopa;ii;o^Hofl jkhshh, ne Tparajii cjiob'b h 
HacxaBjieHifi, a npHBejii. ero bt, Aasaperm, rji;* npe;i;cTaJiH npe^i 
HHMi bo BceM^ yacaci cxpamHtie c-iij^ti 6e3nop«ja;oqHOH acH3HH". 
BoTi SHa^HiTB ^^wh H npH TOMi Bno:aHil co3HaTejiBHO 6HJia ^Jia To- 
rojifl o$$Hi^ajiBHaa Poccia — jrasapexoMt! 9xo-jih ne He3aBHCHM0CTB . 
B-B caMOMX BHcmeMi CMHCJit^H MoacHO-jiH h;i;xh inajiBine b^ rpaac;i;aH- 
CKoS p43K0cxH ji;iarH03a? He ey^jeMi ace JioacHO noHHMaxB b-b Fo- 
roJi'fe xo, ^xo inoKHpyex'B no3;i;HtftniyK) rpaacji;aHCKyH) menexHJiBHOcxB, 
H 6y;n;eM'B oiii&HHBaxB BHCoxy ero rpaacfl;aHCKofi CKopfin ne no cxe- 
neHH namero pa3Hor.iacia ci hhmx», a no cxenenn xoro, b^ ^em 
MH CB HHM'B cxojHMca. HHKor^a HO cjitjuyex^ 3a6uBaxB, ^xo b-b 
aiioxy „PeBH3opa" h „MepxBHxi» Aynix." eme ne 6hjio y nacx* b'b 
jiHTepaxypi )i;aHce ca^ioro fljijieHia Ha napxin cb paajrH^HHMH ofiniie- 
cxBeHHO-nojiHXHqecKnMH jio3yHraMH. Bee axo BOSHHKaexTb xojibko bo 
Bxopofi nojiOBBHi^ 40-xi ro;i;oBX, o nejii mbi cefl^acx h noBej^eM-B 
pi^iB Bi CBa3H CB „nepenHCKOK) ex ;ipy3BaMH". 


Okojio 60 Jiix-B npomjio ex* x^xx nopi, KaK'B noflBHJiaeB „nepe- 
nncKa cb j^pysBaMH", h Beee^^e ona cjiysHxi* npe^MexoMX, eauHx-B 
expacxHHx-B cnopoBX, Bee eme ona ne exajia npefl;MexoMX enoKofi- 
Haro, o6i.eKXHBHaro aHajiH3a. Jto enxx nopi* ee jih6o CTrnxaroxx. 
„0KjreBexaHH0fl" n xti^yxi naMX* ee bx> noyqenie h pyKOBo;n;exBO, 
jh6o 6e3nOBopoxHO h 6e3x BCSKHXTb oroBopoKx* oeya^naioxx, hcxoji;)! 
EWh xoro, yBH! fliajieKO eni;e ne H3acHxaro Haexpoeniff, no;tx» Bjiia- 
HieMi Koxoparo cos^ajiocB 3HaMeBHxoe nneBMO Bi&jiHHeKaro kx» 
ForojTK). 

Mente Bcero, KoneiiHO, BBi;i;epacHBaex'B KaKyio-fiH xo hh 6hjio 
KpHXHKy Bsoafli'B na „nepenHeKy" KaK'B na ^OKJieBexaHHyio KHnry" — 
:iK)6HMHft xepMHHx, rr. MaxB^eBHX'B, Bojihhckhxi, HnKOJiaeBHX'B 
(FoBopyxa-OxpoK'B) h flipyrnxi 3aniHXHHK0B'B xoro o6eKypaHXH3Ma, 
Koxopufi ^aace ;iio6poji;yniHaro Cepria AKcaKona no6ynHjnb c^h- 
xaxB KHHry „Bpe;a;Hoft". Jl^yaiaexca, tto axy KBHExx-acceHniiio Bea^iecKoft 


248 PyCGKOB BOrATGTBO. 

OTCTajiocTH H ^OKJieBeTaTb" TO TpyAHO, ecjTH yKasHBaTb npn axoM^b 
na HaH6oji'6e xapaKxepHua Mtcia shhph. Tpy^HO j^scaae h nojienH- 

SHpOSaTB CnOKO&HO Ch dTOJO ^OKJieBeTaHHOD EHHrOK)^ H MOSHO 
TOJILEO BCei^tjIO CJIHTLCA Ch EtJIHHCKHMI^^ KOr^a OH'B, daAUXaACb 

OT:b CTpacTHaro HeroAOBamH, ncxepH^ecKH kphkhjjii Fofojik) b'b 
CBoeMi nncBMt: „nponoBi;];HHE'L KHyxa, aaocioji'B HeBtjEecxBa. 
no6opHHE'B o6csypaHXH3Ma ^ MpaEo6tcifl^ naHerHpHcxi xaxapcEHX'b 
HpaBOBi, — qxo BH A'feJiaeTe**! 

%o6li He xoJiLEO noHJixB; HO BHOJiHt OHpaB^axB 6tmeHyK) 
BuxoAEy EtjiracEaro, Eoxopaji, EaEi^ mu ceSqac:b jBEj^wA.'h, nauiJia 
oxsjiHE^b BO Bctx'B MUCjiHn];Hxi yMaxi^ H 6LK)iiiHxcfl sa 6jiaro po- 
^HHH cepOTaxi, mh j^ojihchh bchomhhxb anoxy noaBJieHia roroaea- 
CEOft ^HepenHCEH" — na^ajio 1847 ro^a. Foffu 1846, 1847 h Haqaao 
1848 — 6hjih BpeMeneMi coBepmeHHO HCEjnoraxejibHUM'B no xony 
Heo6HEHOBeHHOMy npHJiHBy pafl;ocxHuxi oacH;i;aHi3 qero-xo 6e3K0- 
ne^HO-CBtxjiaro, Eoxopwa xo^;^a oxBaxHjH bcid EBpony. Uo HSBtcx- 
HOMy CBHJitxejiLcxBy I^e;^pHHa, ^hsi $paH^iH, paayMtexca ho h31 
$paHiUH JIyH-$HJiHnna h Fhso, a h31 ^panuiH CeHi-CnMOHa, Ka6e, 
$ypLe, Jlyn Bjiana, h bi oco6eHHOcxH 3Kopaci-3aHfl;i^ — jiHJiacB b% 
Haci empa ^^ HejiooTbHecmeo; oxxy^a B03ciflJia naMi yBtpennocxL, 
^TD 30Jioxofi B^Ei HO no3a;i;H, a Bnepe;i;H naci". 

EaE^b HaMi^ npHmjiocB yace pa3i^ cEa3axB b'b ji^jtowl iiicxi, 
Bi axoMt BaacHOMi Hcxopn^ecEOMi cBH^txejiBcxBi ;I;pa^o^tHH^ ne 
XOJILEO $aEXLr, HO H o6mifi xoHi,. Pt^B EaEi 6y;i;xo H;i;exi» o hojih- 
xheo-3Eohomh'I6gsex:b xeopiaxx^ no na caMOMi A^jii BOcnoMHHanifl 
pacffleBejiHJiH bi cypOBOM'B caxHpHEi xojibeo na^axB cepwa. Tyxi 
He „6opB6a EJiaccoBi", a uejioeTbHecmsOy He nojHxnqecEaa beohomIh, 
a 67bpa H 3xa Btpa Bocnpiaxa ne cyxo-jiorHqecEH, noxoMy ^xo 
$aEXH H i][H$pH Heoxpa3HMH, — OHa B03ciajia. Bi^ nojinxH^ecEyio 
aEOHOMiio JlyH Bjiana orpoMHHM'B ejthhom'b Bpt3ajiacB poiiaHHCXEa 
JKopaci 3aHfl;i^. Ho pa3'B juoavl cepBesHo Meqxaiox'B o nacxynjieHiH 
„30J[oxoro BtEa", xo no^eMy 6u poMaHHcxaM'B h He nrpaxB nep- 
BeHCXByiomet pojiH bi Hcxopin npoHcxo3Kji;eHia axaxi* Me^raHifi. 

H Boxi, Bi xaEo3-xo MOMenxi noqxH pejiHri03Haro ascxasa, no- 
aBJiaexcH EHHra BejiHEaro HHcaxejia, EOxopHMi jifi xoro bc^ 6pe- 
iUHJiH, EOXopuMi* EJiajiHCB Bi 6opB6t cb jrHTepaxypHHMt cxapoBtp- 
CTBOMi, H axa EHHra soBexi fl;a3Ke ne bi BnaaHxiK), a Ey^a-xo eme 
no;n;ajiBnie. Abxop'b ne ocxajica rjiyxi^ ei rojiocy BpejieHH, oh^ 
npaBHJiBHO EOHCxaxHpyexi, ^xo ^cxaji'B cjiBiniaxBca iioBcio;a;y fioji'fes- 
HeHHBift ponoxx» HeyAOBJiexBopeHia, rojiocB Hey^OBOJiBcxBia ^ejiOBt- 
qecEaro na Bce, hxo hh ecxB Ha CBtxi: na nopa^ijOE'B Bereft, na 
BpeMa, Ha caMoro ce6a"; BnoiiHt npaBHJiBHo oxM^^aex^ ohi xaEace, 
^xo „BciMi, HaEOHeui., Ha^HHaexx cxaflOBHXBca no;ai03pHxejiBHHMi» 
xo coBepmeHCXBO, na Eoxopoe BOSBeJia nacB nama HOBMmaa rpaac- 
ji;aHcxBeHHOcxB". Ho bx qeni'B BHXOJ^'B? MoacHO 6bi.io 6h, Eone^HO, 
npH^HCJiHXB npocxo m> ^Hciy EypBeaoB'B xo, hxo, no MHtniH) To- 


HHC ATE JIL-rPA3K^AHHH'L . 24 9 

rojiff, „CTpa3Kjn;yiii;ie h fiojiiiomie oxt cBoero eBponeficBaro cosep- 
ineHCTBa" nojiy^aTi Hci^tjieHie ot-b oa:Hfl;aBniaroca Tor^a noasjieHia 
^O^HCcen" Bi nepeBo;i,i JKyKOBCKaro! Ho ForojiB ne orpaHH^Haca 
npocTtiMTb ynoBanieMt, ^to BjiicT'fe c^ „0;^Hcceefl** „MHoroe hb'b 
BpeMeHTb naTpiapxajitHHXi, ci EOTopfiiMi* ecTt TaKoe cpofl;cTBO Bt 
pyccKofi npHpofl;^^, pasneceTca neBH^HMO no ^nnj pyccKoft aeMjin". 
KpoM* aTofi ^6jiaroyxaK)mefi noasin", ohi n^iHHJi'B „OAHCceK)" KaK^B 
H3o6pajKeHie 6opl6h cb „HenoKopHOH), acecTKOio, HecKjiOHHOio ki 
noBHHOBeniK) npHpo;i;oK)" ^ejiOB^Ka h rjiasnoe cpe;i;cTBO axofi 6opi>6H 

BHJ^ijI'L ^Bt OJIHOMB TOJIBKO npOCTOMt HCITOJIHeHiH 06BIHaeBt Cia- 

pHHH H o6pa;n;oB'B, KOTopwe ne 6e3B CMHCJia 6hjih ycxasoBjieHH 
;i;peBfiHMH My^enjaMH h 3anoBifl;aHH nepe;i;aBaTBCH bb bha^ cbh- 

THHH OT^ 0Tii;a K% CHHy". 

BopB6a CB HeacejiaHieMi ^ejiOBiKa „noBHHOBaTBCH" ;a;ajia OKpacKy 
Bce8 KHHrfe H Bi Hefl D^eHTpi TaKecTH Toro no;i;aBjiaK)iii;aro Bne^a- 
TJi^Hin, EOTopoe ona npoHSBejia na cospeMeHHHKOB'B, EaKi pa3B xe- 
nepB pa3Me?xaBinHxcff noacHXB neMHoro h na cBo6oAt. H 3xo pa3- 
Horjiacie cb paffocxHO-pBymHMca Bnepefl;x» ^yxoMi BpejieHH piniHJio 
y^aciB KHHiH, Bt KOTopoH ji;ajieKO He Bce, o;i;HaKO, soBexx* Ha3a;n;i 
H ecxB MHCjiH, KREi MH jBUjija^wh fl;aJiBine, HHMajio He npoxHsopt- 
^amiff caMHM-B jiyqniHMi* saBixaMi hcthhhoS npaacAancxBeHHOcxH. 
Ho BO BeaEofi nponoBi^H ycjiOBia MOMOHxa, Eorji;a ona npoHsno- 
CHxcff, Bcerfl,a hm^ioi^ 6ojiie pi^maiomee 3Ha^eHie, qi^Mi caMO cofl;ep- , 
acanie nponoBt^H h ea cjioBa, BsaxHa 6e30XHOCHxeJiBHO. Cxporo ro- 
Bopa, ji;ypHHXB cjlob'l coBciMB H Hixx na CBixi. "^xo, Hanp., Moacexx 
6bixb BosBBimeHHi^e nponoBi;i;H caMOoxpe^eHia? Ho ona npoBpa- 
maexca bx» HacMimEy naflj-B ^eJiost^ecEHMB wcxohhcxbomi h oxBpa- 
THxejLBHoe JiHD;eM'fepie, Eorfl;a caMOOxpeqenie peEOMenj^yrox'B pa6y. 
^TO Moacexi 6bixb H;!i;eajiBHte caMOo6y3fl;aHia acHBOXSBiXTb hhcxhhe- 
TOB-B? Ho ecjiH BH o6'b yM^peHHOCxH na^Hexe roBopnxB roJio;i;aH)- 
meny, EaEoe Bne^axjiinie fl;ojiacHa npoHssecxH na nero caMa no 
ce6^ B^CBMa BHCOEaa MopaJiB Baina? 

„nepenHCEa", Bsaxaa b% ochobhomX) cbobmi Bne^axjiiniH, bx» 
TOH^, EOxopBiH ;i;iJiaeTB My3HEy, h 6HJia xaEOio nponoBijQi;BK) bo3- 
ji;epjKaHia roJioinaiomeMy. Bce HsneMorajio oxx> 6e3npaBia h npoH3- 
BOJia, 3aEp'6noiii;eHHBiH Hapofl;B HpaBCXBeHHO BHpoaKji;ajica ox-b ceo- 
BRBinefi ero no pyEaM^ h noraM'B hobojih, jinxepaxypa cxonajia ox-b 
6ojii3HeHHoS nofl;o3pHxejiBHOcxH KpacoBCEExx. H MycHHHX'B-nyniEii- 
HBiXB, a xyxB Bce en^e 0Ea3HBaexca He^ocxaxo^HO ^noBHHOBenia". 
„nepenHCEa" xox^Jia oxnaxB juaace cBani;eHHOe ^yBCXBO o6H;aiB[, 
He no3BOJiajia ^aace cxoHaxB oxb xofi „HenpaB;i;H ^epnofl", Eoxopoio 
6Bjjra nojina jkhshb xoro BpeMenn jijaace no CBHji,txejiBcxBy ffpyra 
ToroJia XoMaEOBa n ero caMoro bi ero xyfl;oacecxBeHHBiXB nponsBe^e- 
Hiax^. H Box%, BB BH;i;y xaEofi, eyfljeMX* BBipaKaxBca MarEO, EpaS- 
He3 seyM'fecxHOCXH, Epaflnefi necBoeBpeMenHOCXH rorojieBCEofi npo- 
lOB-fejiiH CMHpenia, b'b BHji;y rjiy6oEaro necooxBixcxBia ea cb ji.'feS- 


250 


PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 


cTBHTeJiLHO HasptBineS noTpednocTLio o6HOBJieHia, CBixa h jifinmemsi 
BnepeA'B ctojib CMtniHH cTpeMJienia pascMaTpHBaTb „nepenHCKy" 
cawy no ce6i, bh* BpeneHH h npocTpancTBa. CKaaceMi Toase caMoe, 
4T0 MH roBopHJiH HO ;Q;pyr0My a;^pecy bi npe;Q;H;Q;yiii;eft rjiaBi: Bca- 
Koe flBJienie, hto6h hohhtb ero npaBHJiBHO, Hafl;o paacMaTpHBaTt 
Bi ycjiOBiaxi BpeMenn h Micia. „KjieBeTy", B3Befl;eHHyH) na ^Ilepe- 
nHCKy", MoacHO 6hjio 6h onpoBeprnyTt tojilko ofliHHMi* nyieMx: 
ecjH 6h KTO-HHfiy^B yKasajii na OjiaroTBopnoe coepeMeunoe noasjie- 
hIh) KHHrn BOSAtflcTBie en Ha jnD^efi HCEpeHHHX^b, He sanHTepeco- 

BaHHHX'b GBOHM^b 06lI^eCTBeHHUMl> HOJIOSeHieM'B B'E TOM'B GMHpeHiH, 

KOTopoe KHHra B03B0fl;HJia bi» rjiaBnyio ;n;o6pofl;iTejiB qejiOBfea. Ho 
HMeHHO 3Toro acHBoro rojioca anoxH hh o^HOMy h3:b samnTHHKOB'b 
„nepenHCKH" ne fl;o6HTL, noTOMy qio na Bctxi, ^h Koro fijiaro 

pO;HHHH He 6hJI0 nyCTHM^B SByKOMt H OfiA'feJIHBaHieM'b aCHTeflCKHX'B 

J^'feJIH^IeK•B, KHHra npoHsnejia fiojifeneHHoe Bne^aTJiiHie. IIhcbmo 
BtJiHHCKaro oxToro h nojiy^HJio xaKyio noTpHcaromyio CHjiy, ^to 
ero ycTaMH roBopnjio coanaHie, MoacHO CKa3aTB fieBt BCHKaro npe- 
yBeJiH^eniff, Bcero Toro, ^to b:b Poccin ^ecTHO mhcjihjio. 9to hq 
„napTi&HaH" $P^^9 ^to moscho jijOBaaaTB HnacenpHBeAeHHuirB cbh- 
^t^iejiBCTBOMTb, fl;ocT6BipHocTB KOToparo HHKTO HO ptmHTCJi ocnapH- 
BaTB, noTOMy qxo oho bhhijio h31 cpe^H, Bpaacfl;e6H0ft B4jihh- 
CKOMy — oho npHHa;n;jieacHT'B HBany AKcaKOBy. Yace caMHft $aKT'B 
He6HBajio-niHpoKaro pacnpocTpanema HHCtMa BiaHHCKaro rjiy6oKO- 
xapaKTepcHt h noKasHBaeTX, qio wh ;n;aHHOMi> cjiy^at o6niiecTBeH- 
Hoe cosHanie 6hjio nacTOjiBEO BSBOJiHOBano, qxo naniJio hjth npo- 
HBHTbCff ;i;affl;e npa neBOSMoacHo-THacejiHX'B ycjiOBiflxt ofimecTBeHHoS 
acH3HH Toro BpeMeHH. IIhcbmo BijiHHCKaro coBepmeHHo neoatn- 
ji;aHHO fl;jiH nero ciajio nepBHMi* nojiHTHqecKHMTb naM^jreTOBii Bt 
PocciH. He HMtH HHKaKoro npe;i;cTaBJieHia o tom-b, ^to ero ^acT- 
HHfi OTB^Tx nojiyqHTX TaKyio He6LiBajiyK) orjracKy, He hm^h h caMaro 
OTfl;ajieHHaro npe;aiCTaBJieHiH o tomx, ^to BHpBaBmiHCH bi HHJiy rniBa 
cJiOBaero CTaHyTi jio3yHroMi, o6ni;ecTBeHHO-nojrHTHqecKOio nporpaai- 

MOK), BtjIHHCKifl HHCajIl* HHCBMO CO BCiMX CTpaCTHMMl HOpBIBOMIE* 

cBoero BejiHKaro cepwa h ^ajis nojiHyro bojik) Bceny TOMy HJiaMeH- 
HOMy Hero;i;oBaHiH), KOTopoe ne Morjio nojiy^HTB h npH6jiH3HTejiB- 
Haro BLipaaceHia bi ero neqaTHofl nojieMHKi cb „nepenHCKOH>". 
TaKHMt odpasoMx, o6ni;ecTBeHHO-nojiHTHqecKaH oTcxajiocTB „IIepe- 
hhckh" HOJiy^HJia oxnop'B bi hojihoA CHJii. Co3ja;aj[acB 6opB6a ^^Byxt 
Mipoco3epAaHiS, bx KOTopoft na CTopont B^JiHHCKaro 6hjih ho to 
^TO „jrH6epajiH", a npocTO Bct HCKpeHHie h nopi^o^HBie Jiiofl;H. 
BoTi ^TO Ha6jiK)^ajii» eni;e ii;'fejiLTX'B mecTB — comb jii&T'B cnycTa 
AKcaKOBB: 

„MHoro H i3;nHJix no Poccin, — nnnieTt oni., — hmh BiJinncKaro- 
HSB^CTHO Eaac;a;oMy CK0JiBK0-HH6y;i;B MHCJi)nn;eMy lOHonii, BCHKOMy^ 
3Kaac^yni;eMy CBi&acaro B03ji;yxa cpe;n;H BOHio^aro 6ojiOTa npoBHHi];iajiB- 
Hofi acH3HH. Htot HH ojUHoro yqHTeJTff rHMHasin b'b rySepncKHX'B- 


UHCATBJIB-rPAaCAAHHHX. . 251 

ropo;i,axi», KomopuU ue 'suaji^ 6u nausycmt nucbMa ErbJiuHcnazo K'b 
Fozojiio; Bt 0T;i;aJieHHHXt Kpaaxt Poccin tojilko xenepL eme npoHH- 
KaeTt 9T0 BJiianie h ysejiH^HBaeT'B ^hcjio npoaejiHTOBt... Mh Erb- 
jiuHCKOMy o6K3aHu eeouMh cnacenieM'b, — roBopaix Mst Be3ji;'fe MOJiOfl;He, 

^eCTHHe JIK)AH Bt npOBHHIliiH. H B-B CaMOMB Jl.'fejit, — Bl npOBHHI^iH 

BH Moaseie BEjifknb jifiSk KJiacca jiK);i;efl: cb o;a;Hoi CTopoHH, Bdsno^- 
HHKOB^B, TiHHOBHHKOBi B% nojiHOMi CMHCJi-fe 8Toro cjiOBa, acaacfl;yiii;Hxi> 
jieuTh, KpecTOBi H ^HHOBi, noMimHKOBt, npesnpaiomHxi Hfl;eajioroBt, 

npHBflSaHHHXB KT) CBOeMJ 6apCK0My 3;0CT0HHCTBy H KptnOCTHOMy 

npaBy, Boo6m,e 3;obojibho rnycHHX'B. Bh OTBopa^HBaeTecB otb hhxb, 
o6pain;aeTecB ki fl;pyrofl cxopoHi, Tjijh BEjmTe Jiio^efl MOJioji.Bix'B, 
HecTHBEX'B, B03Mym,aK)miHxca 3JI0MI H rneTOMX, no6opHHKOB'B BMan- 
CHnaiiiH H BCflKaro npocTopa, ex Hfl,eaMH ryMaHHBiMH. Ecjih bbm'b 
nyotcno neemnazo nejioemna, cnocoSnazo cocmpadamb SojirbauHM'b u 
necHacmiRM^ ylnemeHHux^^ neemnazo donmopa, necmnato CATbdodameJin, 
KOToptiS nojit3i» 6h na 6opB6y — Hmnxe TaKOBHxi* bx npoBHHii;iH 
>te5Kny nocjiTbdoeamejiHMU BrbjiuncKazo^ , 

T.-e. HHTaTejiflMH h noKJOHHHKaMH HMeHHO ero nncBMa kx 
ForojiH), noTOMy ^to co^mHeHia BtjiHHCKaro Tor;i;a eTii;e ne 6hjih 
cofipaHBi H 6hjih pa36pocaHBi no coth^ MjNs CTapHXT* acypnajiOB'B. 

9to BKiine;i;niee h31 BpaaK;i;e6Haro Jiarepn cBHin-fexeJiBCTBO HMieTT. 
ptmaiomee sHa^ieHie bx ^aHHOMi* cjiy^at ne tojibko noTOMy, ^to 
;fl;ocTOBi^pHOCTB ero nejiBsa HH^tMTb sano^osp-fexB, a t^mb, qio oh6 
BMBO^^HTi BonpocB HSi o6jiacTH napTififiHX'B cnopoBi H nepeHOCHT'B 
ero Ha ^HCTO-KHTefieKyio no^By., Ecjih 6bi y HOB^finiHXi* samHTHHKOBX 
^HepenHCKH" 6bijio cTOJiBKO-ace HCKpeHHaro acejianifl AofinTBca 
HCTHHH, CKOJiBKO y AKcaKOBa, ohh-6bi ^peac;^e Bcero npHsnajiH, ^to 
samHmaTB ForojieBCKyK) „nepenHCKy", KaKX HSJienie epeMenu, h^tx 

HHKaKOfi B03M0aCH0CTH H, CJI-fej^OBaTeJIbHO, He MOHCTB H;i;TH HHKaKOfi 

pt^H EaKo3-6H TO HH 6ujio ^KJieBeTt". 06ni,iH toh-b h npanmu- 
necnie ehieodu hsi „nepenHCKH" TaKOBBi, ^to He tojibko „6opiiH", 

He TOJIBKO JIIOJliH Ch apKO-OKpaxneHHHMT. 06ni;eCTBeHH0-n0JIHTH^eCKHM'B 

MipocosepuanieMB, a Bci bi caMOM-B npocTOMT) h Henocpe;i;cTBeH- 

HOM-B CMBICJlt CJIOBa „qeCTHHe** JIH);I;H BCemtjIO npHCOe^HHHJIHCB Kl 

„KJieBeT'b" B^jiHHCKaro. 

Ho TO ace caMoe siejiaHie hcthhh, ki KOTopojiy mh cefi^acB 
anejiJiHpoBajiH, ;a;ojiffiHO naci sacTaBHTB npHsnaTB, ^to h 6e3ycjioBHoe, 
nesHaiomee HHKaKHxx oroBopoK-B ocyacinenie „nepenHCKH" ne 6y;n;eTi 
BBipaacenieM'B nojiHofi cnpaBefl;jiHB0CTH. Knara yacacna, KaKi aBJienie 
pyccKoft o6mecTBeHHOCTH, KaKB npHSHBT* BOSBpameHia bchatb b-b 
rjiy6B cpeji;HeBiKOBBa, kb oTacHBHiHM'B noHSTiaMX h npoflineHHBiM'B 
(|)a3HcaM'B KyaBTypH. Ho nejiBsa, ojiinaKO, saSHBaTB h Toro, ^to ona 
oHJia H KpHKOMi rjiy6oKO-H3CTpafl;aBmefica jiyniH. A TaKofl hcto^hhk'b, 
ecjiH He Bcer;i,a, Kone^HO, cnacaeTi otb $ajiBmH, ne MoaceTi ace ne 
saKJiioHaTB Bi ce6t h npHMicH ^ero-TO Btpnaro. Bo bcakom'b 
HCKpeHHeM-B CTpeMJieniH Bcerji;a KpoeTca h sajior-B ^ocTHacenia ^ero- 


252 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

TO xoponiaro h HpaBCTBeHflo-ijiHHaro. IIpHMeM'L bo BHHMame TaKace, 
qTO „nepenHCKy" aamnmaroTt ne tojilko jiiojus. kx hcthh^ BecBMa 
paBHOffymHHe. neft CKaaaJit j;o6poe cjiobo h JleBi TojicToft. 
MoJKHo 6hjio-6bt, KOHe^HO, npn BceMX npeKJioHeHin npefl;i Tojicthmx, 
He npHj;aBaTi, stomj piniHTejiBHo HHKaKoro SHa^eHiH, ecjiH 6h fl;tjio 
mjio qHCTO-jrHTepaTypHOMi npoHSBe^eniH. 9cTeTH^ecKia cysj^enia 
TojiCToro BecLMa ^acTO TaKOBH, ^to tojibko pyKaMH pa3Be;a;eniB. Hst 
ero TpaKTaTa o6i HCKyccxBi mm ysnaeMi, ^to ohi na npeji;cTaB- 
jieHiH „raMJieTa" KpacHtjit 3a aBTopa h ^to Boofime npeKjroHeHie 
npeflii nieKcnHpoMi, KaKi» h npe;iit BeixoBeHOMi h Pa^aajreMt, 
eny Kawexca npefl;pa3cy;i;K0M'B h ;n;aace npHTBopcTBOMt. Ho „nepe- 
HHCKa" — npoH3Befl;eHie nsi o6jiacTH MopajiH h lyTi ya:e ji^bs^o nji^erh 
ncHxojiorH^ecKOMi ^yiLt, KOToparo laKi 6e3K0He'iH0 MHoro y 
BejiHKaro ^leua Bt cepflmaxi* ^ejiOBi^ecitHX'B. ToJiCTofl, 3Ha^HTx, 
no^yBCTBOBajii lyTt ^to-to pojucTBenHoe. HsBtcTHO, ^to Korj^a 
Bi KOHi];i TO-xt rr. TojicTofl BCTynnjit na cxesio nponoBifljHHie- 
cTBa H ein;e seacHo 6hjio bo ^to OTOJiBiOTca ero MHCXH^ecKie nopsiBH, 
ero fl;ajKe nocTOHHHo c6jiHacajiH cb rorojieM^. JajiLHiSmee noKAsajio, 
HTO c6j[HaceHiH h onacenia 6hjih nanpacHH. Ho, BcexaKH, neco- 

MH^HHO, ^TO BX CaMOMX HCTO^HHKi, B'B BTOfi CTpaCTHOfi n0Tpe6H0- 

CTH o6oHxt BejiHKHXi HHcaxejiefi OTh HCKyccxBa nepeSxH bi o6jiacTL 
pejiHriosHO-npaBCXBeHHBix'B BonpocoBi ecxB, jiflcxBHxejiBHO, o^enB 
MHoro xaKoro, ^xo cfijiHacaex'B Tojicioro cb TorojieMi. H boxi 
no^eMy ^yMaexca, ^xo xt o6cKypaHiCKie bhbo^bi, kl KOxopHMX 
ForoJTB npHmejii bx* pe3yjiBxaxi^ CBOHxii ^liyM'B h paaMBinuienifi, xt 
pen,enxH ji^^eHia o6iiiiecxBeHHHX'B pani., KOxopBie npHBejiH bx co;n;po- 
ranie BtjiHHCKaro h ero JEy^innxx. coBpeMenHHKOB'B, ji;ojiacHBT 6hxb 
npHSHaHH oinH6KaMH yna, cji'fe;i;cTBieM*B loro, ^xo, cosepr^aff KapxHHy 
pyccKofl acHSHH H3'B CBOOxo „npeKpacHaro ;i;ajieKa", TorojiB noxeparji'B 
qyxBe A^ScxBHxejiBHOcxH, ho He omH6KaMH cepOTa. 

HpH xaKofi HocxaHOBKi, oco6eHHoe sna^enie nojiy^aexx BonpocB 
o6'B HCKpeHHOCXH „nepenHCKH", j^Jia. coBpeMenHHKOB'B ea noaBJienia 
BecBjMa cHopHaa:. Mnoroe cofliMcxBOBajio xoMy, ^xo6h oxnecxHCB 
noji;o3pHxejiBHO k'l MOXHBaM'B noHBjrema bx* cBixi KHHrn. Jlaace 
Ha jiK);i;efl o;i;Horo ex. rorojieMx MipocosepniaHia oxxaJiKHBarome 
noA^HCXBOBajio qpe3MipHoe ofiHJiie abho npeynejiH^eHHaro cmh- 
penia. Cx» o^Hofl cxopoHH, 6e3rpaHH^Hoe caMoSH^eBanie, yB-fe- 
penifl BpoA^ xoro, ^xo „MHi xoTfejiocB chm'b (nncBMaMH) HCKy- 
HHXB 6e3nojie3HacxB Bcero, ji;ocejii mhok) nane^axaHHaro": „3HaK)> 

HXO MOHMH Heo6;i;yMaHHHMH H Hesp-feJIMMH CO^HHeHiHMH HaneCX* 51 

orop^enie MHorHMx>", npniHCJieHie ce6H k-b jiK)ffaMX>, ;,KOXopHe hsx 
rpfl3H npo6pajiHCB bx jiioji;h" h x. ;i;. A BMicxi^ cb xiMx> noMnesHoe 
ycxpoficxBO BejinqaSmaro myMa BOKpyrx cBoero HMenn, BOSB-feD^enie 
urbi et orbi, tto asxopx fliyMajn npeacj^e, hxo synaexx. xenepB, kb,k% 
nocxynajix. npeac;i;e, KaK-B nocxynaexx» xenepB, KaKX 6y;i;ex'B nocxy- 
naxB Bnpe;i;B h 6e3npepHBHBTfi pasroBop'B o xomx», ^xo ohi^-xo He 


HHCATEJIB-rPAaCMHHHX. 253 

npH^^aexx HHKaKoro sHa^enia ce6t KaKt nacaTejiK), ji;a BOit ;n;pyrie 
o^eHB ero npeB03H0caT'B h bhcoko cxaBaTi. npefl;mecTBOBaBinee 
„nepenHCK^" nyfijiH^Hoe saBtmanie npn BcixTb cjiOBaxi cMnpema 
H yHH^Haceflia, ero nepenojiHaH)ni,aro, ecTL bi to ace BpeMa Heco- 
MH-feHHO H BHpaacenie ropfliMHH 6e3KOHe^Hofl, pasHofi KOTopoS hh- 
Kor^a HH flio Toro, hh nocjii Toro bi pyccKofl JiHTepaTypt He 6hjio. 
Bee 3T0 yHHHtenie na^e rop^ocxH npe^cTaBJiaeTt co6oio, oji;HaKO, 
HHTepect HCKjrH)^HTejii.HO ncHxoJiorH^ecKiS. Hpejiii naifH aBjienie 
BecBMa cjioacHoe, noTOMy ito no ssa^HTejiLHofi inoji-fe BHCKaaanHofl 
o ce6t npaB^Bi, MHoroe bi» casio6H^eBaHiH Torojia Hejitsa npn^H- 
cjiHTB H Ki npocTOMy JiOMaHiio. Korfl;a TorojLB roBopnjii o ce6i: ' 
„BOo6in;e Bt o6xoacfl,eHiH MoeMi c^ jiioabmh Bcer;a;a 6hjio MHoro ne- 
npiaTHO - OTiajiKHBaiomaro", to e;n;Ba jih eMy 6hjio oco6eHHO jierKO 
j^-fejiaTL TaKoe npnsHapie, noTOMy ^to oh:b, ;nMcTBHTejiBHO, fliasKe ci> 
caiiHMH 6jiH3KHMn H npe^aBHBiMH jno^BMH GHJiomB A^* pajOiOM^B o6pa- 

majICa nOHCTHH'fe OTBpaXKTejIBHO H CBOeKOpBICTHO, H OTJIH^IHO HOHHA 
MaJIt, HTO BCi K'B 8T0fi erO TiepCTBOCTH H arOHCTH^eCKOS JECeCTKOCTH 

OTHOCHJorcB ch 6oJiBinHM'B ocyHji;eHieMi». Kor;^a ohx, npn^HCJiaa 
ce6a KX juofliaMi, KOTopne ^hsi rpasH npo6pajiHCB wh jijojuh", 6Er- 
HeBajit CBoe „Mejio^Hoe ca5iojiio6ie" h cboh) ^ch^chboctb" to, onaTB- 
TaKH, eny coBctMi ne JierKO 6hjio b% 3tomi npHsnaBaTBca, noTOMy 

^TO OHI» fl,iflCTBHTeJlBHO 6hJIX H O^eHB MeJIO^eHl BX CBOejIl caMO- 
JIK)6iH H O^eHB Cn^CHB'B H 3HaJIl, HTO TO H Jljpyroe OTTajIKHBaeTTb 

OTi> Hero JiK)3;e8. TaKHM'B o6pa30M'B, H3BicTHaa ji,ojia caMo6HqeBaHia 
„nepenHCKH" 6HJia necoMHtHHO HpaBCTBeHHHMX nofliBHroMi, noTOMy 
qxc yHHKajia ero HenoMipnyH) ropfl;K[HK) h noTOMy, o^eBHfl;HO, BBip- 
BajiacB Bi MHHyTy HCKpeHHaro nopiiBa h acejiania ocBo6oaHTBca otx> 
ne^ajBHHXi CTopoHs cBoero xapaKTepa. CKaaseMi, KCTaTH, ^to h 
BejiHKaa rop^HHa Torojia nicKOJiBEO Taacejite y nacB naKasHBaeTca, 
qiMi OHa Toro sacjiyacHBaeT'B. IIo^eMy 6h, co6cTBeHHo, Forojno h 
He 6hjio 6htb npencnojiHeHHOMy cosnama CBoero 3Ha^eHia, Kor;i;a 
ApysBa H HeflipyrH ne nna^e kx neny othochjthcb, KaKx* ki reniio? 
no^eMy MH He BMinaeMi bx. BHHy HyniKHHy ero cosnania, ^ito ohi 
„naMaTHHKX> B03^BHri ce6t HepyKOTBopHHfi**? IIo^eMy hhkto neBOs- 
MymaeTca MOjio;aiBiMX» JlepMOHTOBHM^, Kor;nia bx, Ty nopy, Kor;i;a ero 
He 6a]iOBajio eni;e oSmecTBeHHoe npH3HaHie, oh'b t^mx* ne MeHi^e 
roBopHJiTb ce6t: 

HtrB a HeBafipoH'B, a fl;pyrofi, 
Eiii;e HeB'i^j^OMLjfi jasopaHHURib. 

Ho, KaKx» 6u TO HH 6hjio, 3ara;fl;oqHaa cm*cb HCKpeHnaro h na- 
nycKHoro CMHpema bx „nepenHCKt", noBTopaoMi, HMieT^ HHTepecB 
^HCTO ncHxojiorHqecKifi h o6ni;ecTBeHHo - nojiHTH^ecKHx-B bbiboaobx> 
'h3'b aToro HHKaKHxx. He c^ijiaemB. 

ropa3;i;o Baacnie Bonpoci o xomx, nacKOJiBKO 6hjii HCKpeneHX* 
TorojiB Bi CBoeMX> o6ni;ecxBeHHOMx, CMHpeHin, bx> oxKa3t oxx, paspy- 
fflHreaiBHaro CMucjia cbohxx» xy;a;o2cecxBeHHHxx> npoH3Be;i;eHifl, bx» 


254 


PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 


TOMt, ^TO om> fijiaroroBtfiHO npesjioHirjicH npe^i Bceio coBOKyn- 
HOCTBH) ^ope$opMeHHaro rocyjapcTBeHHaro 6wTa. OSt BToait xo- 
jijiJiE o^eHB onpeA^JieHHHe tojikh bi caMHX'B pa3HOo6pa3HHXi c$e- 
paxt H HHxi^, He npH;^aBaa HMt, 0J^HaK0, peajiBnaro snsmemSy 

rOBOpHTl Bi^JIHHCKift B'B CBOeMt HHCLMt. 

nocjiiAOBaTeJiBHoe qTenie nnceMi, HSAaHHHXi r. ffleHpoKOMt 
B% xpoHOJiorH^ecKOMt nopiijUKi, ;aiOJiacHO paactaTB BcaKiH coMHiniff 
Ha 3T0T'B cqeTi^. KaKi^ hh othochtbch ktj oficKypaHTCKH-peaKAioH- 
HOMy HanpaBJieHiio KHHrn Forojiii, ho ecjiH ^acTHaa: nepenncKa ero, ' 
HaiHHaH cb caMaro orBi3ji;a 3a rpaHHuy bi 1836 r., Bt Te^enie 
jHecaTH ji-feT-B Bca upoHHKHyTa o^HHMt H T^Mt ace npopo^ecKH-MH- 
cTH^ecKHMi* TOHOM'L, BMCKasHBaeTi o;i;hh h Ti ace B3rjiHfl;H Ha bo- 
npocH rocy;a;apcTBeHHOCTH, ct ojiiHHM'B h TiMt ace ocyac;i;eHieM'B 

OTHOCHTCH KG BCCMy OflnOSHIUOHHOMy, TO KaKX 6lI BCe 9T0 HH 

xapaKTepH30BaTL, ho nejitsH ace ycoMHHTBCH b-l HCKpenHOCTH nn- 
caBmaro, Bt tomi>, ^to npocTO ^tJincB ch npiaiejiaMH cbohmi na- 
oTpoenieMt, ohi Mori npn btom-b hm^tb KaKiii-TO 3a;i;Hiji i^ijiH. 
EcjiH j^jisi MHorHX-B TOciefi KHHrn peajiBHaa nepenncKa Forojia dHjia 
He 6ojiBme KaKi* nepBHM'B o^epKOMi TeM-L, B'B ne^axH nojiyqHBniHX'B 
ropasAO doji-fee mapoKoe pasBHTie, to ^aKt pas^B sna^HTejiLHaH: 

qaCTB TOrO, ^TO 0C06eHH0 BOSMyTHJIO COBpeMeHHHKOB'B, B3HT0 nOHTH 
Hi'fejIHKOM'B H3'B HaHHCaHHHXl HO CaMMMX pa3H006pa3HHM'B HOBOfliaMt 
Jt'fegCTBHTeJIBHHX'B HHCeM-B ForOJIH. OrpaHH^HMCH ffJIH HJiJiiocTpauiH 
TiMT,, ^TO MOaceTTb 6blTB aHaaH3HpOBaHO Ch H3BiBCTH0H) i^ojieio He- 

npHHyacji;eHHOCTH. E^ea jih ne ki. qncjiy xapaKTepHtarnHXT, CTaTeft 
^IlepenHCKH" npHHa^jreacaTTb nojiTopw CTpaHH^KH, osarjiaBJieHHHa 
jjKapaMBHHT)". SfticB hh mhofo, hh Majio ji;0Ka3HBaeTCH, gio KapaM- 
SRE'h „nepBHfi B03B'fecTHJiT» TopacecTBeHHO, ^To HHcaTeJiH He MoaceT^ 
CT-fecHHTB i^eH3ypa, H ecjiH y^e oh'b nanojinnjiCH ^HCT'feflmHM'B acejia- 
HieMi, 6jiara B'B TaKofi Mipi, ^to acejianie 9to, saHHBHiH bck) ero 
j!;yniy, cxajio ero hjiotbk) h nnmeio, Tor^a HHKaKan ii;eH3ypa ^jih: 
Hero He CTpora, h eMy Besjijh npocTopno". Oho, noacajiyfl, BHOJini^ 
MoacHO corjiacHTBCH ct rorojieBCKHM'B yTBepac;n;eHieM'B. IlHcaTejiBCKoe 
„aKejiaHie, saHHBmee bck) ;i;ymy", b^b toS hjih apyrofl ^opMt, aMctbh- 
TejiBHo TaK'B HJIH HHa^o BBipa3HTCH H jiioSseTi. ;a;o ^HTaTeJIH, 0C06eHHO 
pocciflcKaro, ctojib HCKycHBmarocH B'B ^Tenin Meac^y cxpoK'B h chm- 
BOJiH^ecKaro noHHMamH ne^aTHMXi. cjiob'b. Ho^ oqeBHfl;HO, TorojiB 
He TO xoTtjit cKasaTB, Kor;i;a oh'b yTBepac^aji-B, qxo „hhkto, Kposii 
KapaM3HHa, ne roBopnji'B TaK'B cM'fejio h 6jiaropoji;HO, ne CKpHBan 

HHKaSHX'B (!) CBOHX'B MHi^Hifl H MBICJiefi, XOTH OHH H He COOTB-ItCTBO- 

BajiH BO BceM'B Torji;aniHeMy npaBHTejiBCTBy, h cjitimnniB HeBOJiBHO 

^ITO OH'B OffHH'B HM^JIl Ha TO HpaBO". XOTH KapaMSHHCKOIO „CMife- 

jiocTBio", BBipasHBHieiocH Bi» TOM'S, ^iTO CBoeio saHHCKOJo ^JtpeBHeft 
H HoBofi Poccin" oh'b nomeji'B na 6opB6y c% jiH6epajiBHHMH b^h- 
HiHMH ajieKcaH^poBCKofl anoxH, bo BpeMena Torojia B'B hojihoS Mipt 
ofijiajijaj-B j^aace ByjirapHfl'B, ho BceTaKH, TorojiB nojiaraji's, ^to jjCM-fe- 


nHCATEjiB-rPAac;i;AHHHT». 255 

-jioctb" KapaM3HHa ^ffaexi ypoKi HameMv 6paTy nncaTejiio. KaK^ 
cMtmHH nocjit 3Toro Hst Hact Tt, KOTopHe yTBepac^aioTii, ^to b'b 
PocciH Hejib3fl[ cKasaTL nojiHofl npaB^H". Bi» TaKHxt cjiyTiaflxt 
Bcerji;a BHHOBaTi caMt nncaTejib. yyCs^wh ace BBicKaaajEca TaKi ne- 
-ji-feno H rpy6o", caMt ace ^BUKaaceit nepamecTBO pacTpenanHofi 
ji;yinH CBoeS", a noTOMi — qy;i;aK'L — „Heroji;yeTt, ^to oti» Hero hhkto 
He npHHHJii H He BHCJiymaji'b npaB;i;H! Hixi,, hmM TaKyio ^HCTyio, 
TaKyK) fijiaroycxpoeHHyio ^ymy, KaKyio HMtjit KapaM3HH%, h Tor^a 
B03Btiii,aft CBOH) npaB;fl;y: Bce Te6a BHCJiyniaeT'B, na^HHaa ovh iiapa 
;no HOCJitfliHaro HHiii.aro bi rocyjuapcTBi, h BHCJiymaeTt ct xaKOK) 

JIH)60BBK), CB KaKOK) He BHCJiyiHHBaeTCa HH Bl KaKOfi CTpaH* HH 

napJiaMeHTCKifl 3aHi;HTHHKi npani, hh jiyqniifi HHHimHifl nponoBtja;- 
HHETb, co6HpaK)u4fi BOKpyiTB ce6ff BepxyniKy MO^Haro o6niiecTBa; h 
^'B TaKOH) jiK)6oBBH) MoaceTi BHCJiymaTB TOJiBKO o^Ha ^y;i;Haji Hama 
Pocciff, KOTopofi H^iieT'B cjiyxTb, 6y^ro OHa BOBce ne jiJo6wrb npaBfljBi". 

BecBMa KpacHoptqHBO KOMeHTHpyex'B yBipeHHOcxB Porojifir, ^o 

oqeHB ocymecxBJiffJiocB ^Kejianie „B03B'fen;axB cbok) npaBjuy", xox:b 

4)aKxi, ^xo xpn cxaxBH, HasHa^eHHHa ^Jia „nepenHCKH", cobc^^mb 

He 6HJIH nponyn;eHH n;eH3ypoH), a Sojibiehhcxbo noaBHBniHxca noff- 

BeprjiocB cepBe3HMniHMTb ypi3KaMB. BonpocH rocyAapcxBeHHofi * 

acH3HH 6hjih b-b xo BpeMff ^tMi-xo Bpoffi „xa6y" aBcxpajiifln;eBB, 

jx,o Koxoparo BOo6me HejiB3a 6hjio KacaxBCJi, He xojibko nopHD[aa, 

HO inaace anajiHaHpyfl hxb cb HSBi^cxnaro po;i;a caMocxoaxejiBHOCxBio. 

IIo3xoMy-xo H seyqajiH xaKOio otkok) Hponieio cjiOBa ForojiJi, 

'iio „^y^Haa Poccia" shoxh BH^epKHBania h3i noBapoHHHXB 

KHHrB penienxoB'B cxaBHXB nnporn na ^bojibhhh fliyxi", oxx BcaKaro 

^CB jiH)6oBBio" Bce BbicjiymaexB. H, ofliaaKo, hckpohhocxb yBi&peHift 

Forojia He Moacexx* 6btxb noABeprnyxa hh MajiMmeMy coMH-feniE), 

noxoMy qxo bocb 9xox'b ;i;H$HpaM6B n.ijiHK0MB . B3ax'B h3'b ^acxnaro 

nncBMa h npn xom-b o^chb neoojiBHioro, cji'^^OBaxejiBHO He hs-b xix'B, 

KOxopBia TorojiB ;a;ojiro o6^yMHBaji'B h nepenpaBJiHji'B, KaK'B-eBi ro- 

TOBH HXB ;a;jiH noaBjieHia kb ne^axn. ForojiB npocxo oxBt^ajii. saKa- 

.;i;Bi^H0My npiaxeJiK) flsHKOsy na npncHJiKy KHHrn noro;i;HHa o Ka- 

paM3HHt H no axoaiy noBo;i;y, BnojiHii mhmoxoji,omb, npe^ajica cbohmb 

y;i;HBHxejiBHBiMX» pasMHHiJieHiaM'B. 

OrpaHH^HBaacB, ^jih y;i;o6cxBa, 3xhmb xapaKTepHcxflqecKHMTb o6pa3- 
=qHK0MB HOJiHofl HCKpeHHOcxH peaKiuoHHBixB xeHji;eHHiifl „nepenHCKH", 
npH6aBHM'B effl;e xojbko, ^xo, co6cxBeHHo roBopa, BcaKia qHCxo-$aK- 
TH^ecKia fl;0Ka3axejiBCTBa HCKpeHHOcxn „nepeHHCKH" cobc^mb h ne 
HyacHbi ;i;aace. Byjiiy^H, bo BcaKOMTi cjiy^ai, npoH3Be;i;eHieM'B bb bhc- 
inefl cxeneHH apKHMi), aBJiaacB, bo BcaKOM'B cjiy^a-fe, BBipaaceHieM'B 
.jHOJiroji'fexHHX'B ;i;yMB h pasMMinjieHifl, „nepenHCKa** yace bb cHJiy 
o;i;Horo axoro ne mojegtb 6hxb HencKpeHHefl. Moacflo 6hxb nencKpeH- 

HHMX» BB 0JI;H0MB KaK0MB-HH6yjIB HHCBM-fe, BTE, OJi;HOfl KaK0H-HH6yjI,L 

-cxaxBt, HO nejiBsa 6bixb HeHCKpennHMt bb n;^jroM'B cxpofinoMTb Mipo 
-cosepmaHiH, nejBsa 6 — 10 jii^iB ynopno h My^nxeaBHo HOCHXBca ch 


256 PyCOKOB BOrATCTBO. 

H3BiCTHHKH MHCJIHMH^ HWkK npH 8T0H'B B'B BHiOJ KaRiA-TO Sa^HJH 

ji/knn, 9x0 ncHXOJiorH?eGKi3 non sens. Jl^a, HaKOHei^'L^ HHcaTeJiBCKaA 
^HCKpeHHocTL" ecTB noHHTie coBcfeMi oco6eHHoe. Ona, no npeHiny- 
mecTBy, cocTOHT^B Bi rjiyfioKOMX HHTepeci ki npe;nMeTy, Bt tomi, 
TTO HHcaTejiK) cxpacTHO, Heyfl;ep3KHM0 xo^exca BpamaTBca bi onpe- 
ji^ijiQERoi yMGTBeHHOfi c^epi. ^IlepenECKa^ 6£ij[a BBipaseHieMi sa- 
GTpoeHiH, HaapiBaBmaro cb t^xi caMHx:B nopi, RaK^B ForoJiB B'B 
1836 ro;Q;y yixajii 3a rpaHHu^y. BHa^ajit npocTO npencnojiHeHHHfi 
G03HaHifl GBoefi ,,jiBBHHofi GHjiu^, OH^B BG6 6ojiBine H 6ojiBine, no 
mifi Toro, RaR'B pasBopTUBaJiGfl iiepe;i;'B hhm^b giosotb ^MepxBux'B 
fl;yiiii", yRpinjiHJicff bi» 3tomi coBHaniH, noRa, HaRoneii^'B, npn ero 
rjiyfioRofl pejiHiiosHOCTH, oho ne npHH^rjio $opMy bhojih* peajiB- 
Haro y6i»;nieHia B'B cBoeMi^ H36paHHHqecTBi. Bi nncBMi r'b flpyry 
fliiTCTBa A. C. JUaHHJieBCROMy, ToroJiB, ;n;aBa)T eMy pHfl;i coBiTOBi h 
HaGTaBJieniS, laR'B-TaEH npHMO h saHBJineT'B eMy: „0, B^pB cjiOBaifB 
MOHMi! BjiacTBH) BMCineK) ofijie^eHo otehh* Moe gjiobo** (II, 111). 
B'B TOMi ace hhcbm* Tofojib, 6yEBajiBH0 RaRi 6H6jieficRifi npopoE'B, 
BocRJiHq^eT'B: „TenepB th fljOJimeH'B cjiymaTB Moero cjiosa, h6o 
BfliBOfiHt BJiacTHO Haflji T060H) Moe CJIOBO H zope noMy 6u mo hu 
'dujiOy ue cjiymaioiL{eMy Moezo cjioea**' (II,, 110). 

MoacHo KaR-B yro;nHo OTHecTHCB ri dthmi h o;n;Hopo;i;HBiM'B aa- 

flBJieHiflMTb, ROTOpHff pa36pOCaHKI BO MHOaceCTBt B'B nHCBMaxi Fo- 

rojia, oco6eHHO B'B nncBMax-B R'B cecxpaMi. Mojkho bx stomi bh- 
J^iTB, RaE'B BtjiHHCRifl, DpoflBJieHie mania religiosa, MoacHO othoc- 
THCB R'B axoMy, RaE'B R'B ManiH Bejinqia h t. a;. Ho B'B o;i;hom'b 

TOJIBRO HHETO EC CXaHeTl GOMHifiaTBCff, — ^TO nofl,o6HHff sasBJieHiff 

BHTeRaiOTTB H3'B EacTpoeflifl Heo6HRBOBeHHO n;4jiBBaro h npoHBRaio- 
ni;aro Bcero ^ejiOB^Ra. 

H3:b axoro-TO rjiy6oEO-HCRpeBHHro npopoqecRaro HacTpoeEia Fo- 
rojiff, B3'B ero npoEHEEOBeEEaro y6iac;neBiE, ^to oe'b npESBaB-B Ea- 
GTaBJiaTB, Eoy^axB, yRasaTB HGTEBEBifl nyTB acH3EH JiHTiHofi H o6n;e- 
cTBeBEofi, H BHTORjia ^IlepenHCRa", B'B ROTopofi rpaacsaECRH-noyHH- 
TOJiBEHfl xapaRTep'B EHcaTejiBCEofi J^iaTeJIBHOCTH ForoJiE fl;ocTHrB 
CBoero anore^. 9to 6HJia nepBaa pycGRaji RBHra, ROTopaa xaR-B 
HjiH EBa^e saxparHBajia ogbobeho BonpocH pyccRaro o6^ecTBeB- 
Earo 6HTa, ROTopaE, xote h bi rjiy6oRO-peaRn;ioBEOfl $opMt, Raca- 
jiacB GaMHXi acryqnx'B CTopoBx pyccRofl rpaac^^aECTBeHEOCTE h t^m'b 
caMHMi sacTaBjiEJia o6ntecTBeBEyH) mhcjib pafiotaxB wh B3BicTB0MX 
HanpaBJieEiH, no;a;BepraTB asajiEsy EBjieBiE, memo EOTopBixi OEa ;a;o 
Toro npoxo;i;BJia, npoGTo eo saMt^aa ex-b. B'B Raac^OM'B jiEiepaTyp- 
BOM-B npoB3Beji;eHiE, cb o6B;ecTBeEEofi to^rb 3piEiE, ropasjijo 
BasKBie caMoro co^epacaEia ero cnoco6EOCTB aaxparHBaTB B'B jJiynit 

^HTaTeJIE ESB-feCTEHE CTpyEBT, EOTOMy ^TO OCEOBa BCERarO EpO- 

rpeGca octb, npeacje Bcero, ^^BnaceBie b CTpameB'B ^jie o6niiecTBeE- 

EOGTH TOJIBRO SaCTOS. CtOET'B 6jIHKe BpHGMOTptoBCE Rl CaMHM-B 

peaEi^ioBEHM'B M-fecTaM-B ^IlepenBCRB", ^.^lo6u y6'feji;BTBCE, RaE'B 


IIHCATEJIL-rPAac;i;AHHH1i. ' 257 

njiaMeHHO ohh CTpeMarcff bhccth rpasi^aHCRifr cTpeMjieniff bT) ca- 
MHH o6H^eHHHff, noBce^H^BHHfl OTHomeHiji. Bo3LMeMTE» fliaace npe- 
cjiOByTyro CTaTBio „PyccKi8 noMimnKx" ct» ea anoeeoBOMi Kp-fe- 
nocTHoro npasa^ ci ea npaMHMi BOSBeaenieM'B saKpinomieHia mj- 
acHKa Bi KaKofl-TO nepjix coajiiaHia. BiJiHHCKOMy, KOTopoMy npn 
qTeniH TOJiLKO ^to Torflja noaBHsmaroca „AHTOHa ropeMHKH" 
KaaajiocB, ^to 8to ne AHTona, a ero caMoro „OTOfl;pajiH na 6ap- 
CKoft KOHioniHi**, Kone^HO, KpoBL 6pocHJiacL BT> rojiOBy, Kor;i,a 
OHx npo^ejn roroJieBCKoe nacTaBJieHie npiaiejiK) co6paTB cbohx'b 

KpinOCTHBIX'B, 06'BaCHHTL HMt, ^TO OHH „pOfl;aCB HOJ^X BjiacxiK), 
fl;OJIJKHIJ nOKOpaTBCa XOfl CaM08 BJiaCTH, HOJ^'B KOTOpOIO pO^HJIHCt, 

noTOMy ^TO h4tx BJiacra, KOTopaa 6u ne 6Hjia otl Bora", a rjiaB- 
Hoe „nona3amb 9mo UM^ myiwb oice e^ Eeamejiiu, Hmo6u onu eeih 
9mo GudTbjiu do^edunato". Ho noBO^y axofi KomyHCTBeHHoft npo$a- 
Ha^iH EBaarejiia BtjiHHCKifi, koho^ho, tojibko h mofb CKaaaTB To- 

rOJIH), ^TO Bl MOMOHTX HpenOfljaHia CBOHXt COBiTOBl OHt 6hji'b 

^npoHcnojiHeHX He hcthhh XpncTOBoft, a ji;LaBOJiOBa yqeHia". Ho 
Korflia BtjiHHCKifi lyii ace yxBepacfliaeT'B, ^to ForojiB „bo HMa 
XpHcxa H D^epKBH y^HTi BapBapa-noMini;HKa naasHBaTB OTt Kpe- 
CTBaH-B 6ojiBnie flienen, y^HTi hxi pyraxt no6ojiLnie", to ohtb 
6hji'b HenpaBi. Hirt,^ ForojiB, coBepmeHHO safitiBt HCTopn^ecKoe 
npoHcxoac^enie pyccKaro KpinocTHoro npana, C03^ajii» jiiHKyK) yxo- 
niio noMini.H%efl BJiacra, bx CHJiy KOTopoS noMtmHKt Bcero 
Meni^e npio6ptTaTejiB. Ho Teopia ^HepenHCKH", noMin^HKt — qe- 
jiOBiKt, OTi Bora nocxaBJieHHHft saxiMt, ^xoSh 6jik)cxh inymy 
cBOHxi KptnocxHMX'B. „CKaacH MyacHKaMt, — nacxaBJiaexi Torojit 
npfexejia, — ^xo sacxasjiaeniB hxi» xpy;i;HXbca h pa6oxaxB eodce ne 
nomoMy, nmodu uyo/cmc 6ujiu medrb deubtu na meou ydoeoAb- 
cmezHf %i s'h doKosamejibcmeo myrm Ofce coofczu nped^ nuMU accu- 
%nav/iu^ h cfl;ijiaft xaKt, ^xo6h ohh BHfl;i&JiH ^iflcxBHxejiBHO, ^xo 
AOHBrn xe6i Hyjit; ho ^xo noxony xh sacxaBJiaeniB hxi xpy- 
OTTBca, ^xo BoroMx. noBOJiiHO qeaoBiKy xpy^jOMt h n6xoM'B chh- 
CKHBaxB ce64 xjii6i, h npo^xH hmi xyxx ace 9xo b:b Cb. IlHca- 
hIh, ^xo6m OHH 9X0 BHfljtjiH. CKaacH HMi BCK) HpaB^QT: nmo c^ me6H 
eaumem'h Bovh sa noejuhdumo netodHH eb cejitb^. Coo6pa3HO cx» axHMt 
TorojiB BMtnaexi bi ofiaaaHHOcxL noMini;HKy ofifflnpHtfimyH) npo- 
rpaMMy 6e3npepHBHaro h ;Q;exajiBHiflmaro o6ni;eHia ci KpecxBanaMH, 
Koxopofl Bt o6H^HOft HOMtniiH^Befl acHSHH xoro BpeMeHH HHKor;i;a 
H nOMHHa He 6hjio, Kone^HO. Tox^b BJia^jijieux 800 Aynit, kx* ko- 
xopoMy o6pani;eHH cob*xh h yB^ni;eBaHia ToroJia, ;iiOJiaceHx» 6e3npe- 
pHBHO nponoBtfl^JBaxB cBOHMi „noTOaHHHMx" H ;i;jia 3xoro ji;ojimeH^ 
3HaxB noBa;n;Ry h acH3HB Kajs^aro nsi cbohxx> MyacHKOBx* bt> ox;a;^jiB- 
HOCXH. Kor^a MyacHEt 6y;ii;ex'B ^yjiH^eni bx BopoBCXBi, jirbuocmu 
HJiH nBHHcxBi", noMiiii;HKX> jnoaaceHi „cxaBHXB ero nepefl;x» jihi^omb 
Bora, a ne nepe^B cbohmb JIH^OMB", ^ojiaceHi noKasaxB, ^xo oh-b 
„rpiniHxi npoxHBi Bora", a ne npoxHBt noMinpKa, h ^ojiaceni 
}i 4. OTAtji-b I. 17 


258 pyCOKOB BOrATCTBO. 

npe;i;npHHflTi> ii;iJiHfi njHKJii BecLMa cJiOTKHMxt ysimaHifl h yKopoBi^ 

He;i;ocTaTO^HO ynpeKaiL o;n;Horo tojilko npoBHHHBmaroca: „npH80BH 

H 6a6yero,'ero ceMtio, co6epH coci^efl, nonpeKHH 6a6y, aa^Mi ne 

OTBaKHBajia oti 3Jia cBoero nyaca h ne rpoanjia eMy CTpaxoMX Bo- 

aciHMi; nonpeKHH cocija;e3, sa^iMX ^onycTHjiH, ^to rtl ace fipaxx, 

cpesH RTb 7Re, saacHJit co6aKOK) h ry6HT'L hh npo-^TO cboh) j;ymy; 

ji;oKaacH hmi, ^to ohh fl;afl;yTt sa to bc* OTBtii Bory. YcTpofi 

TaKt, ^to6r Ha Bctxt jierjra OTBiTCTBeHHOCTB h hto6h Bce,' ^t5 

.HH OKpyacaeii ^ejiOBiKa, ynpeKajio 6u. h ne fljaBajio 6h eny cjihei- 

EOM'B paacTerHyTLCfl". Ho ne tojibko ci» ^Jii^TaaMH*' h ntaHHi^aMH 

jHOJiacent boshtlch roroJieBCKifi noM4ni;HKi. ;,A npHMtpHHXi Myam- 

KOBX, npHSBasniH ki 0664 h, ecjiH ohh ciapHKH, noca;i;HBmH btl 

npeji;i co6ok), noTOJiKyfi ct hhmh o tomi^, KaKi ohh Moryii nacia- 

BJiHTB H y^HTL ji;o6py ffpyrnxt, HcnoJiHaH TaKHMX •fipaaoMi HMenno 

TO, ^t6 noBejitjit naji'L Bori»". Bi ^HCTO-xoaaficTBeHHHX'B fljijiaxi 

„conpHKOCHOBeHie noMin;HKa ci KpecTBHHHHOM^t" fl;ojiacHO 6iiITL caMoe 

TicHoe, H noM-femHEt j^ojiffieHi 6htb jjCaMt Ha^nnaTejieMi Bcero h 

nepe^TjOBHMi* bo Bctxt A^jraxi", fl;ojiaceHi ^bi KOMHaTaxi ne aacH- 

acHBaTLCH", ]i,ojimQWb no^ani;e cant npHHHMaTt fljtHTejiLHoe yqa- 

CTie Bl KpeCTBHHCKHXX pafiOTaXl Cb TOnOpOMi HiEH KOCOfi Bl 

pyKi. ycep;a;HO ji;ojiaceHi noMini.HK'B 3a6oTHTBCH o npocBini;eHiH na- 
po^a H ero pejiHrio3HocrH. IIpaBina, ^y^HTt MyacHKa rpanoTi aa- 

TiMl, qT06H ffOCTaBHTL eMy B03M0aCH0CTB ^HTaTB nyCTHff KHH- 
aCOHKH, KOTOpHH H3^aK)TI» ^Jlfl HapO^a CBponeflCKie qeJQ[0BtK0JIK)6^H, 
eCTB iH^fiCTBHTeJIBHO BSJIjOpt". ,,7 MyaCHKa HiTt BOBCe ^JDEa 

aToro BpeMeHH. Ilocjii ctojilkhx'b paOoTS HHKaKaa KHHacoHKa 
He HOJitseTx Bi roJioBy h, npHmejiiniH jijomoS, ohi aacHeTi, 
KaKi y6HTHfl, 6oraTHpcKHMi» cHOMi". Ki TOMy ace „fliepeBeH- 
cKiS CBani.eHHHK'B MoaceT^B cKaaaTB ropaa^o fiojiBme hcthhho 
Hyacnaro ^jih MyacHKa, neaceJiH sci bth KHHacoHKH". Ho, „ecjiH Bt 
KOMt HCTHHHO yace aapo^HTCH oxoTa Kb rpaMOTt, h npn tomi BOBce 
He saT^Mi, qTo6H c;i;tjiaTfcCH njiyTOM:B-KOHTopni,HKOMi, ho aaTtM'b, 
qTo6Li npo^ecTB t^ KHnrn, bi KOTopBixi na^epTani Boacia aaKOHi 
^ejiOBi&Ky — Tor;a;a fl;pyroe ^tao. BocnumaH ezo nam cuna h na Hero 
o^^Horo ynoTpe6H Bce, ^to ynoTpe6HaTE» 6h th na bck) mKoay". Btb 
peaHrio3HOMx .BOCHHTaHin KpecTBHH^B roroaescKifi noMtniiHKi, koto- 
pHfi Boo6ni;e HBJiaeTCH hcthhhhm'b qy^OMi npnpojiiBi, coeAHHaa bx 
ce6i pi^mHTeaBHO Bct cnoco6HOCTH h ^ocTOHHCTBa, HrpaerB Toace 
nepBencTByioniiyK) poaB, a ^yxoBencTBO TyTi c6oKy-:jpHneKa. 06hkho- 
BeHHo CBani;eHHHKH noyqaiorB cbok) nacTBy, xoTa 6h bi cociaBt 
9T0H nacTBH bxoahjih h TaKie uoMtnj;HKH, KaKi roroaoBCKifl Bafiyi,fi- 
aen,!, 800 ^ymx. Bi ^HepenncKi" Hao6opoTi, ^yBydh eMy (ceHt^eu- 
nuny) nacmaeHUKOM^^ y caMnM-B cepBeaHBiMt ofipaaOMi roBopHTi Fo- 
roaB cBoeMy noM'£ni,HKy-aHi^HKaoneAHCTy, „th ace nonna'B TaK-B xo- 
pomo o6a3aHHOCTH ceaBCKaro cBani;eHHHKa". CoBepmeHHO aadBCB'by 
^To y cBameHHHKa MoryTi 6htb h cboh co6cTBeHHHe HHTepecH h 


/ 

i 


nHCATEJIB-rPAaCflAHHHl. 259 

sejiame npOBO^Tt BpeMa b-l co6cTBeHHoS ceMLi, ForojiB ^ijiaeT'B 
H3i Hero HacTOHmaro h 6e3CMtHHaro noMimH^Baro a^xioTaHTa, 
KOTopHfi OTi Toro, HTO noM^mH^BH BJiacTB ecTB y^peJKj^enie, na- 
3HaiieHHoe othio^b ne ^jih H3BJie^eHiii BHrofl;^, a ji,Jin cnaceniji 
KpecTBflHCKHxi fliym'L, fljOjiaceHi Bcen,i&Jio OT^axB cefia b'b pacnopa- 
acenie noMimHKa. „3aBe;i;H, ^.to6u cBameHHHK'B o6ifl;ajix cb to6oh) 
BcaKifi fl;eHB. "^HTafl cb ehmi BMicT'fe ;n;jxoBHHff KHHrn. A caMoe 
zjiaenoCy — Sepu crb co6oio cdHtu^euHUKa noeeiody^ zdrb nu dueaeiub ua 
paSomax^, Hmo6u enanajia om 6um npu medrb 6^ Kanecmerb noMOWf 

HUKtt] m!06u OHl BHJ^i&JI'B CailOJIH^HO BCIOJiy BCK) npOJII^JIKy TB0H)C1» 

MyacHEaMH. Ki neMy 6yfl;eT'B 6ojiBine yBaacenia co cTopoHH MyacH- 
KOBi, Kor^a OHH yBHfl;arB, ^to oh-b Ej^evh cb to6oh) 061 pyKy". 
Jl^aate nponoBtjuHBaTB ^ojiaceHB cBameHHHK^ HMeHHO to, ^to yKa- 
»erB noMimHK'B. Xoia cBameHHHKx koh^hjii ceMHHapiio h, Ha;ii;o 
noJiaraiB, mofb 6bi, nanpHMtp'B, h caMi, cnpaBHTBCH co 3jiaT0- 
ycTOMi, HO HanpaBMioniaff pyKa noM*in;HKa h xyx^B ;nojiHHa hm^tb 
raaBHoe SHa^enie. „Bo3bmh SjiaioycTa h qniat ero bm*ct* cb 
m60UM^ CBameHHHKOMi H npH tomi* cb KapaHji;aineM'B bi pyK^, 

qT06H OTMi^aTB TyT^B SCO BCt TaKiff M*CTa (KpaTKiff H CHJIBHBtff), 

a TaKHXi MicTB y SjiaxoycTa ;n;ecaTKaMH bo BcaKofi nponoBt;n;H. 
H 9TH M^cTa nycTB OHt CKaaceTx napo^y". TaKHMi* odpasoMi, bi 
odmeMi, CBHJueHHHK'B npocTaa fflnpMa z jx^jio pejiHrio3Haro na- 
CTaBJienia Hapofl;a Bceii;tjro cocpe^oTO^eHo b'b pyKaxTE» noMinnHKa. 
3a TO ace H xBajia emy B03;i;aeTCfl 3a bch) coBOKynnocTB ero pasHO- 
CTopoHHefl ffiaTeaBHOCTH, KOTopaa, no rjiy6oKOMy y6tacji;eHiK) Forojia, 
He MoacoTi He yBin^aTBca 6jiHCTaTejiBHiamHMi^ ycntxoMTE», h6o jjB-b 
KOTopyK) jiiepeBHK) saraanyaa tojibko xpHCTiancKaa acHSHB, TaMi My- 
acHKH aonaTaMH rpe6yTi cepe6po". „He cjiyaca js^oceji^ peBHOCxHO 
HH Ha KaKOMx noTipHHi;*, cocayacHHiB th TaKyio caya£6y b'b sBanin 

nOMi^H^HKa, KaKOfi ne COCJiyaCHT'B HHOS BejIHKOqiIHOBHHfl qeJIOB'feK'B. 

^TO HH roBopH, HO HociaBHTB 800 noji;;i;aHHBix'B, KOTOpHe BC^ EaKB 
o;i;hh'b h MoryTi 6htb npHMipoM-B BctMi oKpyacaioni;HM'B cBoeio 
HCTHHHO HpHMtpHOK) acHSHiio — BTO fljtjio HO 6e3^*fejiBHoe H cjiyac6a 
HCTHHHO-saKOHHaa H BeaHKaa". 

MoacHO pa3H0 OTHecracB wh ForoaeBCKofl yTonin — co CMixoM'B, 
CB Herofl;oBaHi6MTb, ci Hej^oyMinieM'B. Ho 3a6y3;eMTe canoe cofl;ep- 
acanie ea, bosbmomto tojibko cxeMy oTHomeHifl, KOTopBia ona ycxa- 
HaBaHBaex'B. Mh ;n;ojiacHH 6yfl,eMi» corjiacHTBca, ^to Tyi'B bo Bca- 
KOHX cjiy^ai ne npioSpixaTejiBCTBO, a noHHTKa BHecTH npaBCTBen- 
noe co)i;epacaHie h cepBesHtia o6a3aHHocTH b% TaKyio c$epy, vjijk 
jnofl;H Toro Kpyra, cpe;i;H KOToparo Bpan^ajica ToroaB, HH^ero KpoM^ 
caMBEXx rpydHxi npaKTH^ecKHXi^ ii;iaeH ne npecJii;aiOBajiH. "^hcto- 
aEOHOMH^ecKia OTHomenia npeBpani;eHBi b'b CTpofinoe aBjienie rpaac- 
fl;aHCKofl acH3HH H BcaEifi na KaKOMX-TO ofimecTBeHHOMi nociy. 
ForoJieBCKOMy noMimHEy, hjih Bipnte HacToameMy OTucy, ;ajxoBHHKy 
H HacTaBHHKy 800 fl;ymx hhkto ho OTKaacoTB bte» 3BaHiH hcthhho- 

17* 


1 


260 PyOOKOB BOrATOTBO. 

o6mecTBeHHaro jij^smejia, ecjiH ohi nocjiymaeTca Forojia h CBoe 
cjiafl;Koe acHTte npoMtHHerB na to TOMHiejiLHo-cKy^Hoe cymecTBO- 
Banie, KOTopoe emy naBHSHBaeTi ^HepenHCKa". 

TorojieBCKoe TeoKpaxHSHpoBaHie KpinocTHoro npaBa Morjo 6h, 
KOHe^Ho, eiii;e 6hti> OTspaTHxeJiLHUMi jiHi];e]i[ipieMi saRoro-HH6yAL 
Iy;i;yinKH TojiOBjieBa, KOxapHfi bi MOMesTi, Korfla bi o6mecTBi no- 
mjin B^HHiff, cnoco6HHH noj^RonaxL B;n;aHie noMiiii;H?L£[ro 6jiaro- 
uojijmsi, cxapaexcff nanffJiHXB 6jiaroo6pa3HyH) jH^HHy na 6e3o6pa3- 
Hoe flBJienie. Ho bx 9tomi» oxHomeHiH peaKiuoHepi h KptnocTHHKi 
ForojiB HMiexi 3a co6oh) ni^xo xaKoe, ^ero He Hitijio 3a co6ok) 
6oJiLniHHCXBO xixi, KOTopHe xaKi Ha Hero o6pyfflHJiHCL. ForojiB 
oujn* n;i;eajiBHo 6e3Kopucx6H:b e HpaBcxseHHo CBo6oAeH'B, co3;i;aBaa 
CBOH KptnocTHH^ecKie HflieajiH. Ci nepei3fl;a bt* nexep6yprE, x. e. 
CL nepEHxi MOMenxoBi CBoero co3HaxejiLHaro cym.ecTBOBaHia, Fo- 
rojiL He nojii»30Bajicfl hh e^HHOio RpinocxHOio KOni^dKOK)^ hh e^H- 
Hofl MHHyxH He acHJii Ha c^ext KpecxBani, Koxoptie, yBH, o6e3ne- 
qHBajiH fijiaronojiy^Hoe cyniecxBOBame h anxopa „3anHC0Ki oxox- 
HHKa", H aBxopa ^Anxona FopeMMKH" h, 3a HCKJiio^eHieMi caMoro 
Bi^jiHHCKaro, no^xH Bcixi ero ^py3efl h ejijHHOMHniJieHHHKOKB. H boxi 
HO^eMy BCff cjiamiaBaH MaHHjiOBm;HHa cxaxBH „PyccKifl noMimHKx", 
Bca Bxa H;nHJiia, bi cymecxBi ropa3ffo fiojLte CMixoxBopnaH, ^iwb 
BOSMyxHxejiBHas, ;zi;oji^Ha 6hxb npH3HaHa omndKOio yiia, ho HHsas'B 
He cep;n;i^a. Bo BceM'B bxomi bhhboa* xojibko apKO cKasajiacB cno- 
co6hocxb ForoJiH ko BCHKOMy aBJiemio no;Q;xo;nHXB ci rpajKfl;aHCKoft 
cxopoHH, BHOCHXB BecBMa CBoeo6pa3HO-BHpa3HBmiflCH, HO, BcexaKH,He- 
coMH-feHHO o6ni;ecxBeHHHH cxpeMJienia bi caMHe saxxjiLie yrojiKH acHSHH. 

Ty ffie o6ni;ecxBeHHOCXK ForoJiB xo^ex-B bhocxh h bo Bci ocxajiB- 
HBia c$epBi pyccKofl hchshh, KoxopBra nofliBepraexi aHajiH3y bx* cBoei 
KHHri. ^xo Moacexx 6hxb 3aypHfl;Hie nojiofflemff ry6epHaxopniH? 
OfliHaKO ace, bi ;^jiHHHOft cxaxBi, cocxaBHBHiefica hbi peajBHaro 
HHCBMa Kx* ero 6jiHffl;afinieft ^piaTeJIBHH^* — 3HaMeHHxo& KajiyaccKofl 
ry6epHaxopnii A. 0. Cmhphoboh, ForojiB fli-fejiaexi 9xoxi „nocxi" 
flacxoffniiHMX* o6ii];ecxBeHHHM'B cjiyaceHJeM'B. ForojieBCKaa rydepna- 
xopma „fl;ojiHHa Bcixi H36paflHHX'B h jLy^rnHXi bi roponi nofl;BHr- 
HyxB Ha jii'feaxejiBHOcxB o6n;ecxBeHHyK)", fl;ojiKHa rnaxB pocKoniB, 
3;ojiacHa ^tJindrbmb na eecb zopodii, nam JirhKapt zjistdurm na jiasa- 
jperm^*' h Jii^HXB o6ni;ecxBeHHHH sbbbt cbohmx* ;no6pLiM'B BJiianieirB 
Ha ^aM-B, Bi GxpeMJieniH KOxopHxi k-b pocKomn ForojiB na npoxa- 
aceniH Bcefi CBoefl KHHrn bh^.hx'b rjiaBHHfl hcxo^hhki 3Jioynoxpe6- 
jienifi qHHOBHHEOBi h cyfl;eft. 3a6yfl;eM'B ohhxb MannJiOBCKyio naxoKy, 
Ha Koxopofl saBapena bch axa yMHjiHxeJiBHaa nporpaMiia npeo6pa- 
BOBaniH o6ni;ecxBeHHaro cxpoa nyxeMi ;a;o6pBrx'B sa^ajEBHEKOB-B, h mbi 
cHOBa noJiy^aoMt xoxi ace npHHniHH'B mnpoKaro npio6ni;eHia Bca- 
Karo iiejiOBiKa ki rpaayi;aHCKot pa6oxi. 

Eme Menie, noBH^HMOMy, HMiexi ^xo-jih6o pojijcxBeHHaro ci 
o6ni;ecxBeHHOK) fl;iaxejiBHOcxBK) npeflcxaBJieHie o 6oraxo&, 3HaxHoi 


HHOATBJIB-rPAKfljAHHHS. 261 

KpacaBH^i. A Meac;ii;y TtMi, npHCMOipHMCH Kt ^ynieBHOMy nopTpexy 

TaKOft KpaCHBHUiH, HapHCOBaHHOMy Bl CTaTBi „ateHmHHa Bl» CBiTf. 

Biorpa$ia Torojia BHacHHJia, ^ito xoth cTaTta: h HMteit nojii3arjij 
Bie ^IIhclmo Ki...Bofi*% ho na caiiOMi fl;ijii TaKoro peajiLHa/o 

HHGBMa ForOJEL HHKOMy HB nHCaJLli H B'h CBOCfi CXaTB^ OHl^ E^t 
H Bt „PyCCK0M1^ nOMtmHKt**, TOJILKO BOCHOJIBSOBajICa BEHCTOJIflpHOfl 

$opMoft, ^to6h Ha^epiHTB cBofi H^eajii aceHmHHBr. 

KaKoe ace ynoTpe6jieHie j^ijiaexB MHHMaaT..Ba hbi CBoefl mojio- 
iHOCTH H KpacoTH? Ona cKopfinrB o tom'b, ^to „He Moacexi* 6htb 
K0My-HH6yfl;B nojiesHofl", ^to „HUKaKozo ejiinniH na odt^ecmeo 
uMTbmb ne MooKerm^, Ho ForojiB ci neio cnopHTTb, ohi yKasBiBaeiyB 
eft, ^To pa3i „caMHM'B Bofom-b BOjiiBopeHo" eft ^b-b ffymy CTpen- 
jiesie EJiH saa^a Ao6pa^, pa3'B „kto saKJiio^HJix bi ^yni^ CBoeft 
TaKoe neSecHoe SeanoKoUcmeo o jiTodsix'b, TaKyio anrejiBCKyK) TOCKy 
HHX'B cpeji;n caMux^B padBJieKaxejiBHBix'B yBecejieHift, tot'b mhofo, 
MHoro MoaceTi fl;jia hext* cfl;i^JiaTB; y Toro noBCK)fl;y nonpnme, no- 
TOMy ^TO noBCK);ny jiio^h". „He y6iraftTe sse CBtxa, cpe;nH KOToparo 
BaMt HasHa^eno 6htb", yMOJiaeTi ForojiB cbok) KpacaBHii;y; eft ne- 
npeM-feHHo yfl;acTca „o6paTHTB na nyTB HHHtmHift cBtoi": OTKasi 
„HH y Koro He nocMtera nonieBejiHTBca na ryfiaxi, Kor^a o^hhmi 
yMOJiaionj;HM'B BSopoMi, 6e3i cjiob^b, bh nonpocHTe Koro-nnfiy^B hsi 
naci, ^to6h oh-b c^tjiajicff jry^rnHMi". Mh He 6y;n;eMi cjitfl,HTB 3a 
fl;ajiBHMmHMH coBtTaMH H yKasaHiffMH ForoJES — no ofiHKHOBeHiio ohh 
cjiani;aBO-npHTopHBi. Ho oi^'feHHMTe caMoe rjiaBHoe bi Kaac^OMX npaB- 
CTBeHHOMX coB^T* — HanpaBJienie, KOTopoe oh^ ^aeTi mhcjih. EycTB 
HaMX yKaacyTi xote 6h ofl;Horo hsi coBpeMeHHBix'B „nepenHCK4" ca- 
MHxi nepe^oBLixii nncaTejieft, y KOToparo 3apofl;HJiCfl 6h xaKoft CBix- 
jiufio6pa3:B, KaR'B odpas'B rorojieBCEoft EpacasHi^Bi c:b ;D;yinofi, o6i»a- 
Toft, no yfljHBHTeJiBHOMy BHpaffieniH) Torojia, ;n;ocTo8HOMy cxaxB Kpwjra- 

THMl CJIOBOMl, „He6eCHBIMX fieSHOKOftCTBOM'B JIK)fl;ffXl". H 9T0Ti 

o6pa3'B co3;i;ajicff y Torojia ne MHMOJieTHO, ohi BHmeJii h3'b o^enB 
rjiydoKHXi TaftHHKOBi ero TBop^ecKoft fl;ymH/ noxoMy hxo oxjihjicji 
y Hero xoace h bi xy^oacecxBeHHoft $opMi bo 2-ft qacxH „Mepx- 
BBixx fliymi" Bi sm^^ Yjihhbkh, Koxopaa bch 6BiJia nepenojineHa 
xaKHMi ace „He6ecHHMi 6e3HOKoficxBOM'B", He BWHOCHJia hh Majiifi- 
mefl HecnpaBefliJiHBOcxH. YjiHHBKa em;e Majio oi;tHeHa nanieft Kpn- 
THKOft, HO OHa HecoMHiHHo HBjiffexca nepBHBfB xyfl;oacecxBeHHHMi 
Bonjion^eHieM'B hoboS pyccKoft acenmEHH, ci ea o6ni;ecxBeHHHMH 
cxpeMJieniaMH h HeroflOBameMi na HenpaB;i;y, ona cxapmim cecxpa 
TypreneBCKoft EaeHBi. 

Ki ^HCJiy caMBix'B HpKHXi wh o6ni;ecxBeHHO-nojiHXH^ecKOMi 
oxHomeniH cxaxefi „nepenHCKH" npHHa^jreacHxt ^acxBio fl;iftcxBH- 
xejiBHaH nepenncKa, ^acxBio xojibko HSJioaceme 6ecifl;i ci» o^eHB 
HHXHMHHM'B flpyroMi TorojiH — rpa$OM:B AjieKcaH;npoMi HexpoBH- 

^eMl TOJQEOXBIM'B, X^Ml CaMHlifB, Bl JIjOMi KOXOpaXO OWh BHOCJli^- 

cxbIh yMepx. Ki ToJicxoMy afl,pecoBaHH bc4 cxaxBH, rfli roBo- 


262 PyOCKOH BOrATOTBO. 

pHTca mepKBH, fl;yxoBeHCTB'fe, o tomi, Kasi na^ijo „jik)6htb 
Pocciio" H cjiyacHiB eft. 9to Ta ^acTB KHnrH^ KOTopaa nojiBsyeTca 
oco6eHHO ycTaHOBHBineficff penyxai^ieio. Ho ne Majio Cy^eTt y^HB- 
jient coBpeMeHHHft qnTaxejiL, ecjin, saxoT^B'B no3HaKOMHTBca no- 
6jiHKe CB no^TH HHK'feM'B TenopB He ^HTaeMoft „nepenHCKo8**, 3a- 
rjifffleT'B H B-B Tt cTpaHHAH, T)s,i, noBH^HMOMy, cocpe;i;oTO^eHi^ 
■BecB rorojieBCKifi „KJiepHKajiH3M'B" h „acKeTH3Mi". H OKaaseTca 
Tor^a, ^TO Toro, ^to mojkho HasBaiB „KJiepHKajiH3M0Mi" bb 
npHMOMi CMHCJit, T. e. npej^ociaBjieHiH fl;yxoBeHCTBy pyKOBO^ff- 
meft pojiH BT* npaKTH^ecKofi hchshh, y Torojia h^ti h cjitfl;a. 
HejioBiKi^ rjiy6oKO - pejiHriosHBifi, SesrpaHH^HO bhcoko CTaBamifl 
i^epKOBB KaKx pyKOBo;a;HTejiBHHn;y h HacxaBHTejiBHHii^y coBtcTH, 
ForojiB, o;i;HaK0, ptsKO OTCTpanaexi ^yxoBencTBO otb npsMoro z 
Henocpe;a;cTBeHHaro BMimaiejiBCTBa bte, schshb. Ohi juaace npo- 
THB'B npocToro o6in;eHia ji;yxoBeHCTBa cb nacxBOio bh^ ii;epKBH. 
„noB'fepBxe, TOO ecjiH 6hi cxajH ;n;yxoBHHe BcipinaxBca ch esmm 
^ame, yqacxBya b-b naniHX'B eaceji;HeBHHxi» co6paHiflxi h ryjiBSn- 
maxB HJiH Bxc^a^B-B ceMeflHBia ji^^jisl, axo 6hjio 6u, Hexopomo*^. 
BecBMa KcxaxH bchomhhbb xyxi o caMHXi apKHXi h nacxoamExt 
npe;n;cxaBHxejiaxi KJiepHKajiHSMa — KaxojiHqecKHXi naxepax'B, ci hxi 
BMimaxejiBcxBOM'B bi cejieftflHa ;i;ijia, TorojiB npH6aBjiaex'B: ^JI,y- 
xoBHOMy npe^cxoHX'B MHoro HCEymeHiS, ropasfljo 6ojiie ;n;a3Ke, ne- 
sejiH naMi:.: EaKi pa3x> saBOjiECB 6u x^ nnxpHrn b'b in.oMax'B, b:b 

KOXOpBTXl 06BRE5lJ0Th pHMCKO-KaXOJIHqeCKHXl DOHOBl". TorOJIB OX- 

MeHceBHBaexi npe^cxaBHxejiaM'B ii;epKBH coBepineHHO onpefljijieHHyH) 
o6jiacxB: „y fl;yxoBeHcxBa namero flisa saKOHHHX'B nonpHma, na 
KOxopHX'B OHH CI HaMH Bcxptqaioxcff: HcnoBi;n;B h nponoBi;aiB". Ffl.* 
me TjTb xoxff 6h oxfl;ajieHHaa xtHB fl;iftcxBHxejiBHaro KJiepHKa- 

JIH3Ma? 

^xo Kacaexca „acKeiH3Ma", x. e. cxpeMJienia yrjiyfiaxBca xojibko 
BO BHyxpeHHee caMoycoBepmeHcxBOBaHie h 6iacaxB otl X^jul Mipa 
cero, xo xpyfl;H0 Haftfl;xH 6ojiie pimnxejiBHoe, 6oji4e sneprH^ecKoe 
npoxHBOfl;McxBie xaKOMy y64raHiH) bi nycxHHio, niwh xo, Koxopoe 
;i;aexi „nep^nHCKa". Bb cxaxBi „Hyffi;H0 jik)6hxb Pocciio" Bonpoci 
nocxaBJienx. bb caniofl Henocpe;a;cxBeHHoS $opM*. 3a*cb jTorojiB 6o- 
pexcff Cb ;i;i8cxBHxejiBHBiM'B hjih BOo6pa3KaeMHMi aceJiameMi Toj- 
cxoro yfixH bi MonacxupB h pascyac^aexx xaKi»: „6e3x> jih)6bh k-b 
Bory HHKOMy ne cnacxncB", ho 9xy jih)6obb Ha^o hm^xb b'b ce6i: 
„6^ Monaemuprb en ne naudemcH^ xoMy, Kxo eio ne npOHHRca 
paHBme. KaKi^ ace o6picxH jik)6obb? „XpHcxoci npHHecx h B03Bi- 
cxEJii HaMi xaSny, ^xo bi jik)6bh k'b 6paxBaMi nojiy^aem jiio6obb 
KT> Bory. CxoHXB xojibko noJiH)6HXb hx-b xaKi, KaKi npHEasajri 
XpHCxocB, H caMa co6oS BBiftj^exi bb Hxori jiiofioBB ki Bory camoMy. 
Mdume oice e^ Mip^ u npio6p7bmume npeotede jiwSoeb K'b dpambfiM'h^ . 
„Ho KaKX) nojiio6HXB 6paxBeB'B"? Jl^Jia axoro pyccKOMy naj^o bo3jik)- 
6hib PocciK), Bi Koxopofi xenepB „6ojii3HH h cxpafljaniaj HaKOira- 


HHCATBJIL-rPAaCffAHHH'L, 263 

JHCL B% TaKOMt MHOHeCTBi". CjIHIUHTCa „BOnjIL BCefl SGMJIH" EpO- 
THB'E jjfiea^HHCTBt H HenpaB^ljU" H B% TaKOe BpeM« HHKTO He ^OJI- 

mewh OTCTpanaTBca otb 6opl6h co sjiomi. „Bh em,e He JiK)6HTe 
Pocciio: Bii jMieTe tojilko ne^ajiHTtca ;^a paa^paasaTLca cjiyxaMH 
060 BceMi nypHOMt, WLO Bi HeS A^JiaeTca"; „9to eme ne jih)6obb, 
fl;ajieKO BaMi ffo jik)6bh". ^H^tx, ecjiH bh ^ificTBHieJiLHO noJiK)6nTe 
PocciK), y Baci nponaji;eTX Tor;i;a cana co6oh) xa 6jiH3opyKaff MHCjrt, 
KOTopaa aapofljHjiacL xenept y MHoraxx ^ecxHHXi h ^aase yMHBix'L 
jiK);i;e3, to ecTt, 6yji;T0 bt> xenepeniHee Bpena ohh yace HH^ero He 
MoryTi c^ijiaTB jjia Poccin h 6yj^T0 ohh e^ yace ne HywHH cobc^jm'b; 
HanpoTHBi, Torj^a tojibko bo Bcefi CHJii bh no^yBCTByexe, too jik)- 
60BB BceMoryni;a h ^xo ci neio MoacHO Bce c^ijiaxB. Hixi, ecjin 
BH fl;4flcxBHxejiBH0 noJiK)6Hxe Pocciio, bbi 6y;i;exe pBaxBCA cjiyacHXB 
efl; He 6^ tySepnamopu, no 6% nanumam-ucnpaeuuKU noUdeme, 
nocjindnee MTbcmo^ nanoe uu omutt^emcH 6t> nevL, 603bMeme, npedno- 
Human odny Kpynui^y drbHmejibHOcmu ua hbm^ eceu eameu nuHihrn- 
ueH desdrbucmeennoiX u npasduoU oicu3hu^, 

npefljJioacHXB 6BiBnieMy rydepnaxopy, ^wh Tojicxofi 6uwh h b^ 
iHiflcxBHxejiBHOcxH H BTi Ka^ecxB^ ^ero ^Hrypnpyexi nepe;^i> ^nxaxe- 
jfHMH Bi „nepenHCKt", 6hjio, Kone^HO, o^eHB naHBHO. Ho fl;yMaexca, 
^xo oxi ^ecxH npHSHaxB cBoe xicHoe fl;yineBHoe po;i;cxBO ci axoio 

HaHBHOCXBK) He OXKaaCOTCH HH OAHHl H3'B CaMBEKl SaBSflXBIX^B npO- 
THBHHKOBl ^HepenHCKH". HSI 3X0S „HaHBHOCXH" pOfljEJIOCB BCO, ^ITO 

HaMi CBflxo wh pyccKOMi Hapofl,ojiio6iH, H3i He« bhuijio „Kaio- 
n^eeca fljBopHHCXBo", bhiejih Bci xi ^oporia naMi no3j^Hifiinia xe- 
^enia, KOTopHa xoace npejuio^JiH „6e3ji;McxBeHHofi h npa3^HoS 
shshh" „KpynHi^y ^jiaxejiBHOcxH" xoxa-6Bi h na „nocjiifl;HeMi 
Mtcxt** o6ii];ecxBeHHOfi JiicxHHi];Bi. Bi nopasHxejiBHO-CHJiBHofl $op- 
Myjit Forojia Morjia cKasaxBca xojibko mhcjib, oydoKO-saxBa^eHnaa 
CKop6Bio po^HHi, Bca HSHBEBfflaa oxi co3HaHia pani, ee pasii- 
t^aionpxi, H cxpacTHaro acejiama sajii^HXB hxi. 

Toxi-we cxpacTHBifi npHSHBi pa6oxaxB na nojiBsy o6ni;yio co- 
CTa6j[flexi rjiaBHoe co^epacasie ji;pyroro ajiipecoBaHHaro Tojicxoiiy 
iracBMa — „HyacHO iipoi3;i;HXBCH no Poccin". Tyxi onaxB sHeprn^ie- 
CKaa 6opB6a ci HacxpoenieMx, h31 acaacji;H no^BHra pBymHMca wh 
MOHacxHpB, H onaxB „acKexH^ecKaa" KHHra Porojia BJiacxHO roBO- 
pHTi KaH^HAaxy bi MonaxH*. „Monacmupb naut^ — Poeeinl 06jieKHTe- 
»e ce6a yMCXBeHHO pacoS ^epneuia h, Bcero ce6a yMepxBHBniH ;i.jia 
ce6a, HO ne ^jia nea, cxynafixe no^HsaxBca bt* nefl**. 

EcjiH PorojiB oxi Jijojifii BcaKaro SBania h nojioacenia xpe- 
6yerB fljiaxejiBHofl h caMOOXBepacenHoi pa6oxH na nojiBsy ofiniyio, 
TO saRib-se owh cMoxpnxi na codcxBeHnyio sa^a^y cbok), bi ^eMi* 
nojiaraexi cymnocxB h sna^enie nncaxejiBCKaro npH3BaHia? 

flpKo cKasajiacB HcxEHHO-rpaamancKaa oKpacKa Bcero ffyxoB- 
Haro cyntecxBa Porojia h bi ero Bsrjiafliaxi na sa^a^H jiHxepaxypBi 
BOo6ni;e h no33iH bi HacxHOcxH. JIjlsl nero nncaxejiB, KaKi fljia 


264 ^ PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

caMaro aaBsaTaro ^paapyranTeja acTeTHKH" 60-xi rr., toilko h 

I^iHeHl Cl TOHKH 3piHia TOS „nOJIL8U**, KOTOpyK) OHl npHHOCHTi: 

„a HHcaTejiB, a fliojut nncaTejia ne oaho fl;ocTaBJieHie npiaTHaro 
aanaTia yMy h BKycy; cxporo BSwmeTca ch nero, ecjiH OTb coto- 
HGHiS ero ne pacnpocTpaHHTCH KaKaH-HH6yflii, nojiBsa fliymi h He 
ocTaneTCH otl nero HH^ero Bt noyieHie JiiOAaAii". 

BjiaroroB^fiHiiig yqeHHK'B 6 desrpaHH^HLifi noqEiaTejiB IlyinEHHa, 
ForojiB, o;i;HaEo, coBepmeHHo paaomejicH ex hhm^b bi noHEMaHin 
3afl;a^i xyfl;o3KecTBeHHofl fljiaiejiLHOCTH. HecorjiaceHi OHt ci hhmi 

HE B'B TOMl, ^TO Xy^ljOHHEKE pOS^eSH ^Jlil 3ByK0B'b CJia^HKEX'b H 
MOJIHTBX, be Bl TOMl, ^TO EG BXX Jl^iJiO „KOpBICTL" E „6eTBH". 

KaKi MH y»e sBaeMt, TorojiL o6a3aTejii.BO Tpe6yeTX „eojii>3h", 
T. e. „KopLiCTB" EO TepMEBOJioriE IlyfflKEBa. A ^TO KacaeTCE „mH- 
TeflcKaro BOJiBeHta" e „6ETBt" ;r. e. otshb^bbocte Ba Eyacfliu Bpe- 
MesE E y^acxifl bi 5opB6i ci BecoBepniescTBaME scesbe^ to Bcero 
aToro ForojiB Tpedyexx Be tojibko otl BEcaTejiii, Ba3Ba^eBie koto- 

parO CTaBEJIl XaKl Beo6HREOBeEBO bhcoro, — OB'B BM^EEexi p^- 

mBTeJiBBo BCiiKOMy qejioBtKy 6opB6y co sjiomi. „Bcbombe", roBO- 
pETi OBX ^aace ^eJiOBiKy, 3aBBMaK)B^eMy ^BesaMiTByio ^jOJiatBOCTB" 
E EBiton^eMy BecBMa CKpoMByio c$epy fl;iftcTBm: „npE3BaBH Bt 
Mipx MBi BOBce Be ji^isi npasfljEEKOBX E EEpoBaBifl — na dumey mu 
cioda npu36anu\ Kani Ao6puS boeei ^i^ojiaceB'B 6pocaTBCH esi aacE 
BCEKX Tyfl;a, r^;* noacap^e dETBa". SByKE-ace cjia^Kie ForojiB oTBep- 
raera ci aBepriero 6E6jieflcKaro npopoKa: 

„CTpaxBE GOBI CB oiefi cBOEXTi**, roBopBTX owh jiyqffleMy APyry 
CBoeMy E03Ty a3HK0By, „E nopasE coex ^.pyrEX'B**. H BCJi^A't 3a 
STEMX TorojiB ffaeTi yjproBTejiBEifiBiyK) bo CEjii e apKOCTE jiBTepa- 
TypByro $opMyjiy: „Ha KOJiiBa Bepe^i BoroMX e npocu y new zwma 

^FfliBa E jik)6be"! 9to cKasaBo 3a BicKOJiBKO JiiTh jifi fl;opo- 
roft BaMi $opMyjiH: „My3a MecTE e ne^ajiE**. H ecjiB btoS iiysfi 
MBI EpECBOEJiB BasBaflie „rpaacfl,aBCKofl" eo BpeBMyB^eciBy, to 6y- 
j^eMTe EocjiifliOB^TejiBBBi E no OTBomeBiK) ki ForoJiK). HecoMB'tHHO 
^EEcaTejiB-rpaacfl.aBEB'B" toti, kto cbobme xyfljoacecTBeBBHME npoHS- 
Befl,eBiEME no;i.KOEajix Bce 3fl;aBie o6ni;ecTBeBBOB cKBopEH, a bb 
flpoB3Befl;eEiaxx TeopeiE^ecKEXx scaKaro ^ejiOBina A*Jia^Ti paio- 
eopi^eMi 3a upaB^y b o6m,ee 6jiaro, xote b o^bbb cBoeo6pa3HO 
noBEToe. 

C. BeHrepoBi. 


HyacHo-JiH BospoacAeme eeieeTBeHHaro 

npasa? *). 

IlaMHmu Fji. Me, YcnencKazo, 


Mh^ TOJILKO iITO — H EO^TH 0;i;HOBpeMeHHO — npHIUJEOCL npo^HTaTB 

jiB^ „K)pH^HqecKia" CTBTBH, HasBaniff KOTOptlXl upHBe^eHH B% npHMi- 
^aniH, H y mgh^ abejiocb 3KejiaHie no^ijiHTLca cbohmh MBicjiaMH no 
Hxi> noBo;i;y ct ^HTaxejiaMH, HHTepecyK)D],HMHca npefl;MeTOMX, na- 
SBaHHHMt BTb 3arojioBE^. 3a nocjii^^Hee BpeMH niKOTopHe npe^cTa- 
BHTejiH TeopiH npaBa Ha Hamnxi yHHsepcHTeTCKHXi Kaee^paxx, 
HMGHHO, KpoM-fe aBTopa oTM^HeHHOH CTaTLH, npo$eccopa HoBro- 
pom^Bi,, IleTpaacHiiiKifi h HoKpoBCKifi (bi Mockb^, HeTepSypri h 
KieBt), y^e 3apeKOMeH;n;oBaBinie ce6a cojihjuhhmh Tpy;n;aMH no 
CBoefl cneii;iajiBH0CTH, ji,obojibho nacxofl^HBO aaroBopHjrn o ne- 
o6xo;mHMocTH BOCKpemeniff hjih BOspoacj^eHiar ecTecTBennaro npana, 
OTt KOToparo ohh oacnji;aK)TX BaacHHxt Teo^eTwiecKBX'h h npaK- 
TH^ecKHXi pesyjiBTaTOBX. nHniyni,aro 3th cTpoKH enije caiiHe 
nepBtie npHsnaKH BOSHHKHOBenm 3Toro nanpaBJienia sannTepe- 
coBajiH, MesKAy npo^HMTb, c% toh to^ikh spinia, ^to bx ecTe- 

CTBeHHOMt npaBt lOpHCXOBt OHTE) BCOr^a BH^-fejIt He ^TO HHOe, 

KaKi> sui generis coitiojiorHHecKift cy6'LeKTHBH3M'B, tott^ caMHi cy6'B- 
eKTHBHSMX, H3x-3a KOToparo CTOJILKO past yace bx nanieft acyp- 
HajrHCTHKt BOsropajiacB caMaa ropaqaii nojieMHita. KpaB^a, bx cno- 

paXX Cy6l)eKTHBHCT0B'B H 06'LeKTHBHCTOB'B^ CKOJIBKO MH-fe nOMHHTCa, 

HH pasy He sas'^Bajica BonpocL o6x ^ecTecTBenHOMt npaB^", koto- 
poe, KaKX noHHiie „MeTa$H3HqecKoe", 6hjio ycTpaneno nsx coniiojioriH 
eni;e caMHMX ocHOBaTeJieMX „nojioacHTejiLHofl" nayKH o6x o6ni;ecTB'fe; 
npaB;i,a h to, ^to h noBi^flniHMx 3ani;HTHHKaMX ecTecTseHHaro 
npaBa ocTajiacB, noBnji;HMOMy, coBepmenno neHSBicTHOio (hjih, no 
KpaSneS Mifept, KasajiacB Majio HHTepecHOio) nojieMHKa o cydxeKTH- 


*) (JB, TecceHi. Bo3poHi;ieflie ecTecTBeHHaio npaBa. «IIpaBO», 1902, jSs^ 10 
H 11. — MuKcuMi KoeaAeecKiu. ConioaoriH h cpaeHHTejibHafl ncTopia npasa. «B'fecT 
HHKi> BocnDTaHifl», 1902, ^enpajit). 

^ 4. OT;i'liJii. II. 1 


2 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

BH3Mi Bt comiojioriH, — HO aio SHa^HTt TOJiLKO o;i;ho: KaKt msuio 
;fl;o CHxi> nopi conpaKacaiOTca MeacAy co6ok) BonpocH coi^ioJioriH h 
o6ii;ea TeopiH npasa. B<^ BcaKOMt cjiy^at rr. TecceHi, HoBropoic- 
i^eBX, neTpafl£Hn,Kia h HoKpoBCKifl no^HHMaioTt Bonpocx, KOTopuS 
TaKi CHJiBHO saHHMaeTi pyccKHx^ coi];iojioroBi yace okojo ^exBepTH 
Btea. By^y^iH cawt „cy6i>eKTHBHCT0MX", h He Mori He coHyBCTBOBaib 
HOBOMy HanpaBjteniK) iopHfl;H^ecKofl mhcjih, KOTopoe bx cyni.HOCTH, 
KaKt a nocTapaiocB noKaaaTB, nofl;Hffjio to ace caMoe snaMff. Ho... 
JI,a, 3A'£cB HMeHHO cyui.ecTByeT'L Sojibmoe no. Jijio b-b tomi, tto 
ex noHflTieMi h caMUMt TepMHHOMt ^ecTecTBOHHoe npaBO** coe^H- 
HeHO CTOJiBKO BecBMa onpeAtJieHHHXt npefl;cTaBJieHifi, coBepmeHHo 
OTJKHBHIHX'L CBOB BpcMH, ^TO BObHHKaexx BecBMa HOHflTHoe OHaceme, 
KaKi* 6h cb BoapoffiA^HieMi ecxecTBeHHaro npaBa He soapo^HjiHCB 
H :fl;aBHo noxopoHeHHHH Ha^ajia $HJioco$CKofl ropHC^py;^eH^iH. Bo 

BCflKOMB CJiyqat eJ^Ba-JIH nOHBITKa BOCKpeCHTB dHJ fl,OKTpHHy BCTpi- 

THT^ co^yBCTBie cpeOT Tix'B Hamnxt lopncTOBTb, KOTopHe bi to ace 
BpeMfl: aejiaioTca h con;iojioraMH. O^iihh'b hb'l hhxb yace h BHCKa- 
3ajica Bi> He6;iaronpiaTHaM'B ;^JIH „B03poacAeHia" cmhcji'Ji. TaKHMTb 
ropHCTOMB-con.io.ioroM'B aBJiaeTca y nacB M. M. KoBajieBCKifi, a OHt 
BB He;taBHefi CBoefi CTaTBi ^Coi^iojioria h cpaBHHTeJiBHoe Hsy^enie 
npaBa" mhmoxo;i;omi» Kocnyjica — h Kocnyjica neojuodpHTejiBHO — jio- 
^efi, „ou,'feHHBaH)n];HX'B jij-feScTByiomieee 3aKOHOAaTejiBCTBo cb MeTa$H- 
3HqecKoS TO^KH 3piHia a6cojiiOTHofl cnpaBe^jiHBOCTH H aK0-6Bf'npH- 
poac^eHHfcixi ^ejioB^Ky TaKB nasHBaeMHXB ecTecTBeHHwxB npaBt". 

Oco6eHHO HeOfl;o6pHTeJIBHO OTHOCHTCA OHX KI TOMy, ^TO „HtK0T0- 

pHe coBpeMeHHLie lopncTLi xot^jih 6h BOCKpecHTB yqenie o jus 
quod natura omnia animalia docuit (o npani, KOTopoMy npnpoAa 
Hay^HJia Bctxx acHBOTHtixx"). TeopeTHiecKH ecTecTBenHoe npano — 
MeTa$H3HKa, ^a h npaKXHiecKH, roBopHTTb i^HTHpyeMHH anTopt, „npo- 
rpeccB npaBa ne 3aBHCHrB OTt Bce SojiBmaro npoHHTBiBania ero 
MeTa^naaqecKHMH fl;orMaMH ecTecTBennaro saKona, a otx nocTyna- 
TejiBHaro ^BHaceHia chjih o6ni;ecTBa". nocji'feji;Hia cjiOBa aBjiaioTca 
KaKi 6h oTBtooMi Ha Tt ynoBania, KOTopHa mh Haxoji;HMX b:b cTaTtt 
r. Feccena, — h bott* bb fljannoM'B cjiyqai a cimoHaiocB na cTopony 
3ani,HTflHK0BX ecTecTBennaro jipasa. 

npanoMHHAi'B, npeac;i;e Bcero, ^to TaKoe ecTecTBeHHoe npaso. 
3apoji;Hmefi 3Toro nonaTia, KaKi nsBicTHO, ny^HO HCKaTB en;e Bt 
rpe^ecKofl $HJioco$iH, y co$hctobb, KOTopwe BuepBHO npoTHBOUo- 
jioaKHJiH TO, ^TO cyni;ecTByeTX bb CHJiy npHpoji,Bi Bemefi (physei), 
TOMy, qTo o6a3aHO cbohmb npoHcxoac^OHieMB ^ejiOBi^ecKOMy ycTanoB- 
jieniK) (thesei), uotomb y ApncTOTOJia, Toaie pasjinqaBmaro cnpaBe^- 
jiHBoe OTi* npHpo;i;Bi (physei) h TaKOBoe no saKony (nomo), HaKOHen,!*, 

y CTOHKOBTi, OTB KOTOpUXT* anajIOrH^HyiO EJI^eiO SaHMCTBOBajIH pHM- 

cKie lopHCTH, coa^aBmie n^eio ecTecTBennaro npasa (jus naturale). 
yace na nepBBixB nopaxB ocnoBHaa H;i;ea ecTecTBOHHaro npana fl;o- 
nycKajia ji;BoaKoe TOJKOBanie: hjih coBOKynnocTH H;i;eajiBHbix'B HopMii, 


Hy^HO-JIH B03P0)KflBHIE BCTBCTBBHHA.rO HPABA? 3 

CBoero pofla HenHcaHHuxi 6o»tecTBeHHuxi. saKOROB'L, ct EoxopLiifH 
ROJTfflHH coo6pa30BaTfcCjr 5ejiOB'fe<iecKia ycTaHOBJieBis (y CoKpaTa, y 
TIjiaxoHa, OTqacTH y ctohkobi), hjih TOJitEO H^KOTOptixi ^eprt 
6aTA HJIH noHariS, eCTecTBenHO h h6oSxojihmo cymecTByiomHX'L y 
Bcixi HapojoB'L Bt CHJiy Hsi o6meS leaOBi^ecKofi HpspoAU (y 
ApHCTOrejia, y phmckhxi lopHCTOBi), iota sepliflKO o6t aia to^sh 
apinia cjiHBajiHct BoesHHO. Bi cpeAHie Biiita Haes) ecTecTseHHaro 
apaBa ycBonjia n KaiojiHiecicaH i^epKOBb, KOTopa« opHAaJia efi 
•teoJiorHqecKig xapaKiepi, oSiaBBBi, mo Bt ochob* ecTeoTBeBHaro 
sasoHa :iexHTi fioatecTBeaHaa BOJia. Ort TaEofi to^kb sptHia ecTe- 
cTBeBHoe BpaBo 3MaBiinBBpoBajioci> ^iBiuii B'h XVII D^Ei, djiaro^apa 
rjiaBBUui ofipasoui. BBBBiaTHBli Fpoiiifl. Ho ocofieBHo bi hoboh'b, 
qacTO CBiTCKOMT, noHHMaHiH cat.TiaaacL 3Ta Hjea nonyjiapHoro Bt 
XVIII B,, KOTopoMv Bi 3T0Mt oTHOfflefliH aaflasajia tohi rjiaBHHBt-- 
ofipaaoHi $HJiocoiJiia JIoKKa. ^BxaTejtt sflaerBj KaKyx) pojiB Bt BcxopH- 
lecKofi ffiH3HH cHrpa.10 eciecTBeHHOe upaBO bt, anoxy npocB^meH- 
Haro a6cojiioTB3Ma b $paHi(y3CBoB pesoJiroitiH, bo h b% axy aaoxy bi 
noBSTiH ecTeciBeBHaro npaBa hu Bcer;];a MoxeMi> pasjiB^Hib fls^ 
cTopoHH: TeopeTH^ecEyio b EpaKTHiecKyio. IlepBaa, aio — npejtCTaB- 
jiOBie o ^eMt-To HMeHHO „ecTecTBeHHOMi", cymecTByjoflieMt no 
«aM03 npnpo^ BeqeS, Bceo6i](eii'L h BeoGxcjiHuou'L, JieiicameMi Bt 

OCHOBt flifiCTBHTeJtbHHXl BBJieHiS, T. 6. BJieaJIHCXHieCKaa BJH Me- 

Tac(iH3HqecKaa KOHnenitia peaflLHOCTH, KaEi Epo«yKTa bjih oTpaae- 
Hia BiKOToparo aaKOHOMtpBaro nopaaKa. Ho BMtcit ci Tiwi, bto 
^ecTecTBesHoe" uucjiHJioeb, KaKi. „pa3yMBoe", t. e. cooiBtTCTByK)- 
mee HflesMi. pasyMa, TpeOoBaHiaMt hcthhu h cnpaBoajiHBocTH, r 
Bt 3T0MI BaKJiioiajiacL opaKTH^ecKaa, coScTBeHHO roBopa — ara^e- 
cEaa B nojiBTHiecKaa, Bt o6ohx% OTHomeniaxi, aeoaTOJrorH^ecEaa — 
CTopoBa ecTecjBeBBaro npaBa XVIII b.: TpeCoBaEie coofipaaoBaBui 
ci ero npHHiiBnaBB jtScTBHTejibHofi »ch3hb oSnteciBa. Bnpoiesii, 
H TyTi sACMeHmu udeoAbHo-R HopM^i eea^eH u npednojiazaeMoU uxTi 
oSmeu ecmecmeeH-HoU ochobu — CAuaajiueb eoeduuo. 

nocMOTpHHi. TeBepb, KTO noxopOEHJH ecTecTseHHOe npaBO, 
KOTopoe BT. HacToamee Bpena CTapaioTca BocKpeeHTB. 

Oahbui B3t nepBbixt 6hmt, BcBTaMi. IIpHHBHBiaabHHfi Bpan> 
MeTa$H3HKH, OHi Bi saaueHHToK aeKJiapauiH npsBi ^ejioBiiKa b 
rpaffisaHBHa, ocHOBaBHofi aa Hflet ecTecTBeHHaro npasa, bba^jtb 
TOJibKO „aHapxHiiecEie co^hsmu", j;a h BooOme Bca TeopeTHWCBaa 
■CTopOHa paacsiaTpHBaeMofi Hftea nosBepnacL ci ero cTopoBH cy- 
poBofi KpHTHKi, xoTa 9T0 HC 3Ha5BTi, 1T0 BeHiasft OTpHnajii Heo6- 
soaHMOCTt HjeajitHHXi HopMT. flpaBa. R y aero 6hjih Taitia Bopuu, 
BOSBejeBBua ki> npHHi^Hny HaB6oJibniaro ciiacTba HanSojitraaro 
KOJiHqecTBa jifoflefi, tto cstjiaio ero TeopeTHKOin. h nponoBtaEHKOMt 
jteMOKpaTta. Obi He ToabKO ne OTpnqajn. EaTeropia aoflJEHaro a 
Heo6xoflBMOCTH peajiH3aiiiB SToro flOJiJKHaro, ho aawe npaMO roBO- 
pBflt saKOHHOCTH „aeoHTOJioriH", T. e. y^eHifl o jojiMtHOJis, He 


4 pyOCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

cymecTBywmeM'E eme, ho ;nojiaceHCTByK)iu;eM'E cymecTBOBaTB.' Bt 3T0Mt 
nocjiijiiHeM'L CMHCjit BeHTaMi EEKorj^a ne xopoHHJu., KaKX h^^to 
oTJKHBfflee, H^eH) ecxecTBeHHaro npaBa, hmghho npaBO Jiio^^efi na 

C^aCTLe H npaBO ^HXTE) BI COOXBiTCTBin Cl BTHM'B OCymeCTBJIHTB B% 

acH3HH jiy^inie nopjiAKH. „MeTa$H3HK'L** Pycco h ^peajiHCTt" Ben- 
laMTb 6^ ^moM^ omnotueHiu dujiH 6jih3KH flipyrt Kt inpyry. 

Hao6opoT'L, HCTopH^ecKaa niKOJia npaBa, KOTopofl npnnncHBaBOT'b^ 
rjiaBHyio sacjiyry — hjih rjiaBnyio bhej, kto KaKi CMOTpnrB, — Bt 
yMepni.BJieHiH ecxecTBeHHaro npaBa, BOopyacHJiacL npoxHBi fl;eoHTO' 
jiorH^ecKoS ero cxopoHH, coxpannBi b% cymnocxn ero H;i;eojiorH- 
^ecKyio cxopony. Boo6ni;e jho^h, ne^iiOBOJiLHHe cyn^ecxByH)^^HMH no- 
pa^KaMH, CKJiOHHH 6hjih noHHMaxb ecxecxBennoe npaBO ffeoHXOJio- 
rnqecKH, x. e. KaKX n^eajii, xpe6yjon^ifi ocyni;ecxBJieHiff, n Hao6o- 
poxi, jijojijiy HacxpoeHHHe KoncepBaxHBHO, npe^jno^nxajiH noEHMaxL^ 
ero, KaKt ocnoBy yne cyni;(BcxByion];aro nojioaKHxejiBHaro npaBa. B-f 
anoxy npocBimeBiJi XVIII b. b $paBi^y3CKofi peBOJiioi^iB ecxecxseE- 
Hoe npaBO nojiy^BJio doeBoft xapaKxepi, Bcxopn^ecKaa ase niKOJia 
6HJia KaKt past oj^bbmi bsi KyjiBxypEHxi npoaBjieBifl KOHcepna- 
xHBHoS peaKi^in npoxBBi npe;^;H;fl;y^^a^o BCXopB^ecKaro J^BHaceBifl^, 
GxBeprEyBi E]i,eio ecxecxseBHaro npaBa, KaKt xpedoBanie necyn^e- 
cxByiomaro, ona od-Lannjia, hxo cyn^ecxByiontee npaso ecxB goth- 
cTBeHBO pasyMBoe, xaKi KaKX bi ocbob* ero jiejEBxt Eapo;!;Hoe 
npaBoco3BaEie, eo axo nocJIi&;^Bee nonaxie — xaKanace „Mexa$B3BKa"y 
X. e. whm!0 Be peajbHoe, KaKi n ecxecxBeBHoe npano: Bca pasBBna 
xojiBKO B% Bai];ioBajiBCXH^ecKOM'L xapaKxepi^ o;i;Eoro b bt> kocmobo- 
jiHXB^ecKOMX xapaKxepi ^pyroro, Bt oSiacBeBiB nojioacBxejiBBaro 
npaBa BSt Bapo;i;Earo syxa bx» oiUHOM'L cjiyqat b bbi odnte^ejioBt- 
^ecKofl npBpo;i;H (bjib pasyna) bte> ^pyroMt. 

HxaKX), Bcxopn^ecKaji niKOJia xopoBBJia xo caMoe, hxo BesxaMXr 
o;i;yxoxBopflJi'B peajiLBHMi xpefioBaHieMi BaB6ojiLBiaro c^acxBff HaB- 
CojiBmaro KOJiB^ecxBa Jiio^iiefi, b Hao6opoxi>, BeBxaM-L xopoBBJii xo, 
qxo BCxopBqecKaB niKOJia cnacajia B3x» pai^ioBajiBcxBqecKofl soKxpBBH 
npBji;aBX npeacneaiy noEHxiio MBCXB^ecKifi oxx^bokx. SBa^BXi, b ^Ba 
pasEHxt ecxecxBeBBHX'L npaBa 6hjio — oHXOJiorBHecKoe (cRaxeMS 
xaK'L) B ji;eoHxoJiorBqecKoe, x. e. yace ;i;aHBoe bt» HajTB^BOcxB cyB^e- 
cTByK)ni,aro b xojlko enj;e ji;ojrseBCXByK)ni;ee 6hxb ocyBi;ecxBJieBBHMX». 

B03poac;iieHiB K^Koro ace ecxecxBennaro npaBa roBopax'b naniR 
lopBCXH? Hxo6m oxBi&XBXB Ha axoxx» BonpocB, nOCMOXpBM'B, npOXBB'B 
qero npoxecxyext r. recceHX» bi CBoefi cxaxL^. 

npeaK;i;e Bcero r. FecceHt npoxecxyexi npoxHEX) B'ji;efl coBpe- 
MeHHaro B^Mei^Karo lopBcxa Bepr6oMa, acajiyK)ni,aroca Ba xo, ^xo fl;a 
cHXt nopx» xeopia npasa „3apaaceHa ecxecxBeHHHH'B npasoM'L" ci 
ero „HenpocxBxejiBBHMB 6peji;HaMB**; no;i,x» 6pe^BflMB ace 9xbmb OB'S 
pasyM^exx* He HHoe hxo, KaKt „BCflKoe npoxHBonocxaBJieBie nojio- 
HBxejiBHOMy npaBy, xoxa 6u b npH3HaBaeM0My HCEJiio^HxejiLHO ;n,ig- 
CTByK)ni;HMX», npaBOBHXx» njijeH, npaBOBoro cosHaHia bjib ^yncxBa,, 


HyaCHO%IH B03P0ffi;i,EHIE ECTBCTBEHHArO DPABA? 5 

ii;i;eH cnpaBefl;jiHBOCTH, kb.k'l ^aKTopoBx pasBHTia h coBepinencTBo- 
Bania npasa". HpoTHBi laKoro BOsapiHia, ji;McTBHTejiLHo, ctoht-b 
BoapaacaTL, ho BHXOjiiHT'L TaKi, qio h BoapaaceHia KpHXHKa ne mo- 
vjTh ocTaTLca 663^ Bospaacenia. IIpHBejaieHHoe MHtnie Bepr6oMa 
r. FecceH'L Haxoj^HTt ^^pesBH^afino Jiio6onHTHHMi) jx^jis xapaKTe- 

pHCTHKH n03HTHBH3Ma". C^ HOCJlt^HHM'E TepMHHOMl C08OTHHeTCfl J 

flact o6HKHOBeHHo oqeHL acHoe npeji;cTaBJieHie o Bpaac;i;e6H0MTE) Me- 

Ta(j)H3HKt, OCHOBaHHOMl* HCKJII09HTejILH0 Ha nOJIOaCHTeJILHOMt 3HaHiH 

'$HJibco$CKOM'B HanpaBjiefliH, ho y r. TecceHa ajajict p-fe^b H;i;e'PB o 
H^Mei^Kofi „$HJioco$iH HOJioacHTejiBHaro npana", no KOTopofl npaso 
H303fl;aeTca jiHniL 6opi>6oK) 3a MaiepiajiLHtia 6jiara (HHTepecH) Maxe- 
piajiBHLiMH ace cpeji;cTBaMH (chjiok)) h cctb jthhil komhpomhccx Meacjuy 
no6'fefl;HTejiaMH h no6ito^eHHHMH, acecTOKifi h HecnpaBeji;jiHBBifl, KaKX 
BcaKiS KOMnpoMHCct nocj[i^ no6^^Li: noaxoMy npaBO, co6cTBeHHo ro- 
Bopa^.ne Moacexx 6htl cnpaBOj^aHBHMX, h ero KpHTHKa cl KaKHxt- 
jih6o Hji;eajiLHHXx to^oki spinia bhxo^htx 6e3i^tjiBHOio. ITo MHiniio 
r. TecceHa, axoTX „no3HTHBH3Mi»" cjioacHJica nai* co$hcthkh (hjih npan 
xjTBeHHaro HHrHanaMa), upaKiHi^HaMa, CBo;nian;aro bck) H)pHcnpyji;eHii.iK) 
KT> Beja;eHiK) rpaTOancKHXt hckobi, h yTHJiHTapH3Ma, „anocTOJii" 
KOToparo, BeHiaMi, noaxoMy nojiy^aex'B y namero aBxopa ne- 
o;i;o6pHxejiBHyK) axxecxaii,iio MBicjinxejia, jiiyMaBmaro, ^xo „xojibko 
peajiBHoe npaso oxpanaext nopa^OKX h Mnpi". BeHxami — boxt* 
HCXHHHHfl npoxHBHHKi ecxocxBeHHaro npaBa, a ne ncxopn^e- 
<;Kaa 'niKOJia, Koxopaa, naodopoxt, coxpannjia bi ced-fe, xojibko bt, 
-saMacKHpoBaHHOMt BH^-fe, Hji;eK) ecxecxBCHHaro npana. JI^pyrHMH cjio- 
BaMH, conocxaBJiaa MHtnia r. FecceHa o BenxaMt h odt ncxopn- 
^ecKofi niKOJi^, MH Haxoji.HM'B, ^xo ero co^yBCXBie e^ dannoM^ cjiy- 
Harb (napo^HO noji;^epKHBaH) axH cjiOBa) na cxopoHt npe^cxasHxe- 
jiefi H^eajiHcxH^ecKofl OHxojiorin, a ne Hji;eajiHCXHHecKofi ji;eoHxojioriH, 
HO npaBHJiBHO-JiH eni;e noHHMaexi r. recceHi $HJioco$iK) BenxaMa 
Bt ea Hi^jiOMX)? Jajj-fee, Bt no;i;cxpoqHOM'B npHMi^aHin Hamx> aniopt 
aaMi^aexx, ^xo ,,0^ hoshxhbhoA xeopiefl npaBa mh BCxpt^aeMca 
xaE»e Bt xpy;i;axt coi^ionorH^ecKaro xapaKxepa", h fljia npHMtpa 
ccHJiaexca na Ocnoeu cov^iojioziu FyMnjiOBH^a. ^xo ^Bcxpi^^iaeMca", 
axo — npaB^a, ho TyMnjioBH^t ne cocxaBjiaexi Bcefl coniiojioriH, Bt 
KOTopoS, Hao6opoxx>, ^Bcxp-fe^aexca" h HHoe oxHomenie Kt npaBy 
npH nojiHOMt coxpaneHiH „no3nxnBH3Ma" Bt cmhcji'^ npoxecxa npo- 
^HBt BcaKofl H^eojiorin, BBi^aion^efl ce6a sa BOcnpoH3Beji;eHie ji;M- 
cxBHxejiBHOcxH. HosHaKOMCXBO ct coiijiojiorHqecKoS jiHxepaxypofi — 
Boo6Diie cjiafioe m^cxo namefi lopHcnpyfleHi^iH, oxpaacaioni,eft na ce6t 
HCKJiioqHxeJiBHoe BJiianie HiMeii;KHxt hikoji'l npaBa, Kania 6h o6ni,ia 
HanpaBjienia hmh hh npe;i;cxaBjiajiHCL. fl 6ok)ci>, ^xo o BenxaMi^ o 
^jCOi^iojiorH^ecKHxt xpyji;axt" h Koe o ^eait ;n;pyroMt, BBixo;iiameMt 
5a npe;i;^JiLi Kpyro3opa Himei^Kofi npaBOB^pnofl hjih nenpaBOBip- 
Hofl K)pHcnpyji;eHii;iH, r. FecceHt roBopnxt 6oJiBnie no nacjiHniK'fe. 
EcjiH 6bi OHt He HrHopnpoBajit „coi],iojiorH^ecKie xpy^ti", xo ne 


6 f pyOOROB BOrATCTBO. 

orpaHHiHJicH 6h yKaaaHieMi na to, ^to bi HOBtflmefl ^hjioco^h 
npaBa BHfl^nraeTCH Ha nepBufi njiaH'B ncHxojiorHnecKaa ero npn- 
po;fl;a, a OTMiTHjn 6u i^iJioe ncHXOJiorHHecKoe HanpaBJienie bx co- 
n,ioJioriH h kt> HMenaMi lopHCTOBt, CToamnxi sa ncHxojiorH^ecKofl 
TO^Ki spiniff, npndaBHji'L 6u nijiui pa^Tb Hjieni 001^10:101081, CTa- 
bhbiuhx'b TOTt ace caiiufi Bonpocx h ninpe, h o6m!ke. Ohi, sarjia- 
HyBi> Bi HXt Tpy^H, yBHj^fcii 6h eme, ^to h3X aToro hmghho Jiarepa 
BHinejn* nepBHft npoiecTi npoxHBi BKOHOMH^ecKaro MaiepiajiHSMa, 
H KpHTHKy 8Toro ^ocJIi;^Hfl^o *) conocTaBHjii 6u ch 6oji4e noTOen- 
HMMH npoaBJieHiffMH „HpaBCTBeHHaro H;^eajiH3Ma", ^tM-L... „chmbo- 
jiH3M% H HMnpeccioHH3Mx**! rjl^a, ^HTaxe-iL, hmohho sth ;i;Ba cnocofia 
HCKaHifl HOBHXi nyxefi ki HpaBcxBenHOMy H^eajiH3My conocTaBJiaioTCff 

aBTOpOMX CB KpHTHKOH) 3K0H0MHqeCKar0 MaTepiajIH3Ma H He TOJILKO 

ct HeK), HO H CB BOspoac^enieMX ecTecxBeHnaro npana. ^BaTtxancuiift 
Mamepiajiu3Ma (KypcHB^B Ham'L) e^^e b'l hojihomi pa3rap4, bockjih-, 
i^aex-L r. TecceHX, — ho npecHmieHHaa h paao^apoBanHaa, ^ejioBi^^e- 
CKaa MHCJiB yace Hni;ex'L HeB^ji;oMHXi HOBuxt nyxefi, y:Ke acajK^eTt 
HeBi;i;oMOfi hoboS npaBAM"! 

KaKOMy ace ecxecxBeHHOMy npany acejiaexi Bospoacjijenia r. Tec- 
ceHB? ToMy jih, Koxopoe 6hjio noxoponeno BenxaMOMi bo hms ero 
HepeajiLHOCTH, hjih xoMy, KOxopoe 6hjio yfinxo HcxopH^ecKofi niKO- 
jiot BCJii;i;cxBie ero 6e3noKoflHaro ^OBe;^eHia b:b KOHAt XVIII Bi&Ka? 

CHMnaxH^Hyio cxopony cxaxtn r. FecceHa npeACxaBJinexi ea npas- 
cxBeHHHfl H^eajiH3MX». Oh-l coBepmeHHO B^pno (ct Hamefi, no KpaflneS 
Mipi, xo^KH 3ptHia) noHHMaexx nporpeccHBHyio pojiL pascMaxpHsae- 
Mofi HjaieH, KaKx> 3aKJiH)^aioin;efl bi> ce6i xpedoBanie peajiH3aii;iH b% no- 
jioacHxejiBHOMi npaBi axn^ecKaro Hjijeajia, ocHOsaHHaro hb n^^e-fe cnpa- 
Be;i;jiHBOCXH, h bhj^hxi HcxHHHoe Ha3HaqeHie npana He bi oxpant 
KHxepecoBX, a bx ocymecxBjfemH cnpaBe;i;jiHBOcxH. CoBepnieHHO B^pso 
OHt yKasHBaex-L na xo, ^xo coji;epacaHie ecxecxBeHHaro npana, KaKt 
coBOKynHOCXH xpe6oBaHifl, npejijtHBjiaeMHXx o6n];ecxBOMX hjih oxfl;tJiB- 
HKiMH ero KJiaccaMH wh 3aK0H0ji;axeJiBcxBy, HSM-feHHexca gt> xe^emeMt 
BpOMeHH H, Hanp., 6hjio na 3anafl;i bi kohii;^ XVIII b. nojiHXH^e- 

CKHMt, ^X06h BX) XIX B. CXaXL COI^iaJILHHM'E H X. n. Ho HMeHHO 

Bce 3X0 CHMnaxH^Hoe fl;aBHLiMX-ji,aBHO h npn tqm.j> Oesiy BcaKHXt Me- 
xa^HSH^ecKHXt nepeacHXKOBt, noBo;!;^ Kt KoxoptiM'L ji;aexx» camaa 
H;i;ea ecxecxBeHHaro npana, pasBHBajiocB b% pyccKofl coitiojiorHqecEOii 
jiHxepaxypi, ne CMoxpa na BecB ea „nooHXHBH3M'B": Bt nefl naniH cxo- 
poHHHKH BOspoac^eHia ecxecxBeHHaro npana namjiH 6hL yace bte» ro- 

XOBOMX), SaKOH^eHHOMX BH^II'fe MHOXOe HSX XOXO, ^XO HMH ^OJBKO Ha- 

Mi^aexca, BHpa6axLiBaexca, a HMenno h BHyxpenHefi, ncnxojiorH- 
HecKoft HOj^KJia^Ki con,iajiLHHxX) aBaenifl, kx ^Hcjiy Koxopuxx oxho* 


*) Santny eme, hto HCTopHiecKifi MaTepiajiH3Mi>, KaKi> oco6oe HanpaMe- 
Hie, OTHOCHTCfl Kb oojiacTH coi^iojioriH n HCTopiojioriH, a ne nojuiTHHecKOJl aKO— 
homIh, KaKi> 3T0 npe;ncTaBJifleTca r. recceHOM-B. 


Hya£HO-;iH BOSPO^mEHIE ECTECTBEHH4rO HPABaV 7 

CHTCH H npaBO, H TBOpiecEoS cajii TjeaosiiecKaro 'ayxa b pojiH 
nfleaaoBi. bt, khshh, h o Hayiaom npaBt oqtHKH flificTBHTeJTtHOCTH 
Ch ToiKH aptnifl njeaia, h CBoe ecTecTBeHHoe npaBO ohh ysnajiH 6h 
Bi TOMi coiiio.iorHiecEOJii cy6ieKTHBH3M4, KOTOpufi fiopo^ca npo- 
THBi Bcero Toro, qio r. TecceHi, b^p&htho, h pasyMleTi nojit 
„BaKxaHajiieS MaTepiaJHSHa". MoateTi, 6hti., Tor^a h oiitHKa Eea- 
Taaa Bumjia 6hs y r. PecceHa atcKOJibKO Hsaa, Tenept ffle ona — 
iijioai HeffOpaayMtHia. Bo BcaKoa^ cjiyqat jeoHTOJioria BeHxaHa h 
ecTecTseHHoe npaBo r. FecceHa He ciosTt bi nenpHMBpHMOMi npo- 
THBoptqiH Meatay co6ok). 

Hy, a ecrecTBeHHoe npaso, coxpaHBBmeecfl bt, saMacKHpOBaHHOMt 

BBH^ J lOpHCTOBl. nCTOpHieCKOfi niKOJlIJ? 

r. TecceHi HaxoflHTL, qto HCTOpHgecKaa luKOJia noxopoHBJia 
eciecTBeHHoe npaso ne Boo6me, a JiHini. paiiioHajiHCTHiecRya ero 
$opMy, cosjtaBi Baicro Hea HOByso $opsiy — opraHngecKyio, h ^to 
Tenepi. 3to& ([lopMi npeacTOHTi CMinnTtca flpyroio, yjKe oKoaya- 
TCJiBHOKi— 3BOJiK)i;ioHHOio HSH HCTopii^ecKOB. 8to — oieHB yfla^Haa 
HCTOpH^ecKaa KoacTpyKipfl, KOiopofl bi ofiraeiai, cooTBticTByeTt h 

XOflT. Hay^HOfi MUCJIH, HO TO-lbKO T. TeCCeHl, He oSpaTHJll BHHMaHifl 

Ha TO, ^To 4HJioco$ia npasa pasBBBajiacL ne tojikko BsyTpH cauoS 

Cefifl, HO H Bi CBflSH CT> HPyPHMH COIliajIBHHMH HayKauH, H ^TO eCJIH 

. nofli npaBOMi lopHCTti Bcixi. hikojii paayaijiH iipH6jiH3HTe:ii.Ho oflHO 
H TO ace, TO cjiob* „ecTecTBeHHEifi" 9Toro He npHxoflHTca yxe 
CEasaTB. EcTecTBeHHoe npaBO (jus naturale) 6uJio HOJiroe npena Bt 
cymHOCTH HpaBOMi npnpojiH (jus naturae), i. e. coBOEynnocTiiK) es 
saKOHOBi. TepiHHHi BOgHHEi eme Bt T* fijiaateHHua BpeMena, Korfla 
jiiORH CMOTpiJiHHa upapofly HHHMH rjiaaaMK, HemeJiH mu, T.-e. KOraa 
Bi npHpoflt BHjtJiH OBoero pOD,a cymeciBO, Korja kt. ^HCjiy ea 
aaKOHOBi apH^HCJiajiB h HpaBCTBeHHHH npaBHJia, HanaeaHHUfl et 
cepOTaxi Jiojiefl, EOr^a y npnpoflH ciHiajiH BOSMomHtrMi. yiaibca, 
KaKi cjriiftyert !khti> b-l ofimecTBls; aio 6biJia ne Ta npnpofta, koto- 
pyio H3y?aeri coBpeMenHHS ecTOCTBOHcnHTaTejiL, a KaEaa-TO BHcmaa 
MyapocTL, H aaKOHH TaKoB npapoflu OTOaiiecTBjifljuici ct saKoeaMH 
paayMa, ct rpefioBaHiaMH MopajiH, ct HaeaJitHtiMH HopuaHa apaaa. Te- 
nepB„ npHpoaa"H „ecTecTBeHHOCTB" 3HaTiaTi st^TO anoe, h nepBHHa, 
KOTopae npHHi[HaiajiBHo CTaaa asrOHaTb ciapoecjioBoynoTpeSjieHie Hat 
ofintecTBeHBHsi HayKi, 6&ijih aosHTHBBCTH KoHrt, Mbjuib h ap. Kt. co- 
acajitaiB), nosse acero cxajiH noaauaTB pasjiH^ie Meatfly BaKoaaMH bt, 
aay^HOMi cmhcji* HBiCMUOJit MpHSHqecKOMiiDpHCTbijHeuieTieTBepTi. 
BtKa TOMy Hasaflx oflHOMy h3t. nepauxii pyccKHXi. lopHcxOBi, hcbm- 
xaBoieMy na ce6t Baiaaie couiojiorHiecEOfl mhcjih, C, A. MypOMHesy, 
npHDiaoci. pasiflCHflTt, qio Hejitaa catniHBaTi. noaaxie o wpHjaqe- 
cBOMi DpHHitHiit CT. HOHflTieM^ 3aK0Hi HCTOpBqecKaro o6pa30BaHia 
HJB pasBHTifl npasa: OTCujiaK) HHTepecyiontBxca kt. ero OnepKcufb 
oSuiiB-a meopiu zpaoxdaHCKazo npaaa (I, 85 a cjitfl.) a „OnpeatJieHiK) 
H ocHOBHOMy pasfltaeniio npana" (cTp. 15 h crfj.)- Bt cMUCJit 


8 PyOCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

HOBaro cjioBoynoTpe6jieHia noini ecTecTB9HHUMi npasoMt yate hh- 
KaKi Hejitaa paayMixb xoro npasa, ^KOTopoMy npHpofl;a nay^Hja 

BCiXX aCHBOTHHXt", HOTOMy ^TO, KaKX Saili^aeT'L Bt CBOHXl B03- 

paffieHiflMt M* M. KoBajieBCKifl, „ecjiH npHpo;i;a h Hayqnjia neMy- 
HH6yfl;i> acHBua cymecTBa, to He TopacecTBy npaBa, a chjili bi bbi- 
TOji^iy BHTeKaromea H3x eace^acHaro npHHeceHia ^pyrnxi cymecTBi, 
B-L acepTBy noxpefiHocTaMi caMOcoxpaneHia". TeopiH JI^apBHHa fliaei'L 
HaMX coBciMt HHoe npe^cTaBJieme o ^aaKonaxt" npHpo^w, ^Ma> 
TO, KOTopoe MH Haxo;i;HM'B, Hanp., y $H3ioKpaTOBi, nepeHOCHBinHX'b 
HueH ecTecTBeHHaro npasa bt> aKOHOMH^ecKyio o6jiacTL, hae y A^aMii 
CMHTa, BM^CTi ct $H3ioKpaTaMH B'^pHBHiaro Bi paayMHOCTB H rap- 
MOHH^HOCTB „ecTecTBeHHaro nopiiji;Ka". Tojibko Heji;ocTaTOKt Bji;yMqH- 

BOCTH nOSBOJIHJI'b OfljHOMy HiMeiI,KOMy iOpHCTy JltXt TpHOTaTB TOMy 

Ha3aJ^^ TaKHMTb „ecTecTBeHHHM'L" 3aK0H0M'L o6iacHaxi> npoHCXoac;i;eHie 
H pa3BHxie npaBa *). H^xt, npaBO nyacHO eoBctMTb HStaxL h3x» b^- 
;^iHifl[ „npHpo;i;H" h nepeji;axb Bcen;tJio bo BJia^inie ^ejiOB-fe^ecKaro 
odmecxBa. Bx* nay^Hofi con;iojiorHqecKoft xepMHHOJioriH cjiobo „ecxe- 
cxBeHHwfi" Moacext xojilko npoxHEonojiaraxBca cjiOBy ^HCKyccxBOH- 

HHfl". 0% 8X0H XO^KH Spifliff eCXeCXBeHHHMX> MOaCHO Ha3BIBaXB Bce, 

qxo BosHHKaex'B bi> KyjiBxypnofl acH3HH cnoHxaeefiHHM'B odpasoMi, 
x.-e., KaKi npHHflxo roBopnxB, Henpe^naMtpeHHO, 6e3003HaxejibHo, 
HHCXHHKXHBHO, cxHxiSHO, opraHHqecKH H X. n. „EcxecxBeHHaH pejiH- 
ria" Bi XYIII b. o6o3HaqaJia pasyMHyio, $Hjioco$CKyK) pejinriio 
(;i;eH3M'B), bx» XIX b. ecxecxBeHHBiMH pejinrisMH cxajiH nasHBaxB 

nepB06BIXHHfl B^pOBama, COS^anHBIH KOJUreKXHBKBIMI* XBOp^eCXBOMX* 

HapofljHLixi MaccB. TaKi h ecxecxBeHHHM'B npaBOMX* bi naniH ^hh 
CKopie Bcero cjii^OBajio 6bi nasHBaxB He H;i;eajiBHoe npaBO, Koxopoe 
Hocax-B Bi> cBoeMX. cosHaniH nepe^OBue jiio;ii;h anoxz, a coBOKynnocxB 
o6HqaeB'B, ecxecxBeHHO cjioatHBniHXCH na no^Bi^ pea.xBHHX'B o6ni;e- 
cxBeHHHX'B oxHomeniS. Kone^HO, a: ho nacxaHBaio na xomx, ^xo6h 
nepBo6BixHoe h o6BiqHoe npano Ha3HBajiHCB ecxecxBeHHHM'B npaBOMX); 
MH-fe xoxiaocB xojiBKo noKa3axB, KaKofi nepeacnxoKTi saKjno^aexcH b-b 
caMOMi xepMHHi. C:b ^pyrofi cxopoHBi, hh b'b coi;iojioriH, hh bi 
nojiHXH^ecKoS bkohomIh „ecxecxBeHHHfl" yace ne ynoxpeojiHexcH b'b 
HopMaxHBHOM^B CMHCJi-fe, a EOxoMy H K)pHcnpy^eHii,ifl[ Moraa 6bi pa3- 
cxaxBCff ex. xepMHHOMi, KOxopLiH saKjnoqaexTj b^ ce6i ^hcxo paii,ioHa- 
jiHcxnnecKoe noHHMame npHpo;n;Br npana. Bi^iiB n caai-B r. Fec'ceH'B 
BCH^ecKH oxKpentHBaexca ox^ oxoacecxBaeniii B03poacji;aiOHiaroca 
ecxecxBennaro npana cx» pan.ionaaHCxn^ecKHM'B, KOXopoe npHsna- 
Bajio xaKiH „Mexano.iHXH^ecKia** cyni;H0cxH, KaK'B ^ejiOBi^ecKaa npn- 
pojta HjiH pa3yMx>. 

CoBepmeHHO xaKyio ace „MexanoJiHTH^ecKyK)" cyni,H0CXB nanii an- 
xop'B bh;i;hxi h bx Hapo;i;Hoai'B caMOCoanaHiH Hcxopn^ecEofl mEoaBi, h 


*) 02iKo. Teopia JtapBnna na lopHAHHecKofi no^B-fe (pyc. nep, b-b „3HaHiH* 
3a 1872 r.). 


r 


HyaCHO-JIH B03P0JK;iiEHIE ECTECTBEHHArO HPABA? Q 

TeopeTH^ecKaa nocTanoBKa 6*6 Heft Bonpoca o npaBOofipasoBaHin 
ero He yAOBjieTBopaext. HsBicTHO, ^to 9Ta niKOJia noHHMajia npaso, 
KaKX Ht^TO pasBHBaiomeeca caMo co6oio, 663^ ygaciia ^ejiOBiqe- 
cKofi Jn^HTejiBHOCTH *). Bi H^^Mei^Kofi iopHcnpy;iieHi];iH yjiiapx xeopin 
qncTO cnoHTaHeSnaro pasBHTia npaBa 6hij[% naHeceH'L lepHHrOMt, yKa- 
aaBiEHMi na npHHiiHn^ 6opb6h 3a npaBO. IIo cjiOBaMX caMoro r. Tec- 
cena, lepHHri ^opuyjinpoBaji'L ocHOBHoe nojioacenie HCTHHHaro hcto- 

pH3Ma, HO KpHTHKt CTaBHTX BX BHHy lepHHry HpOHOBijIiB „TeJIGOJIOrH- 

qecKaro yiHJiHTapHSMa", KOTopHfi ocyac;i;eHi hm'l bj> BeHTaMi^. Ecjib, 
oji;HaKO, OTBjie^Bca ort cofl;epacaHiff 3Tofl TejieojioriH, to r. Tec- 

COH'L OHHTB OKaaceTCH 6jIHaCe KI npOTHBHHKy HCTOpH^eCKOH niKOJIbI, 

KaKX 6hjii 6jiHa:e h ki» npoTHBHHKy ecTecTBeHnaro npaBa BeHiaMy. 
MncTHKa napoj^naro npaB0C03HaHia eny Tanate nyacjiia, KaK-L h Me- 
Ta$H3HKa paixioHajiHCTH^ecKaro eciecTBeHHaro npana. KaK'B 6iii hh 
6hjih He no ^ymi^ r. recceny yTHjiHTapHCTH^ecKie npHHn;HnH BeHTaMa 
H lepHHra, h EaK'L 6m hh 6hjih cnpaBeji;jiHBH Bospa^enia, EOTopBin 
MoacHO ch TO^KH 3piHiH MeH^e ojiiHocTopoHHefi 3TH^ecKofi H no- 
jiHTH^ecKoS Teopin c;a;ijiaTB ofioHMt MHCJiHTejiaMi, r. FecceHt 

CTOHTX CI HHMH Ha O^HOfi HO^B^, B^pa BMiCT-fe Ct HHMH B^L TBOp- 

^ecKyiD CHJiy ^ejiOB^qecKofi jihhhocth, t. e. b% to, ^to jtioot ne 
HanpacHo cos^aiOT'L cboh Hfl;eajiH, ho ^to 3th H;i,eajiLi MoryTt ocy- 
ni;ecTBJiaTLca b% schshh. OnaiB h TyTt r. recceHt npHfijiHacaeTca 
Kt B033piHiaMT, pyccKOH cy6TteKTHBHofi con;iojioriH, KOTopaa pan^e, 
niurb 3T0 npoH30fflJio bo ^panitiH ($yjiBe, Tapji;^ h ;a;p.), b-l AMe- 
pHK-fe (JlecTepi yop;i;T», FHTOHHrci h jijp.), BHCTynnjia ci KpHTHKofi 
Teopin 6e3JiHqHoS oBOJitoniiH, ct bslis^toio pojiH jih^hocth Bt ncTopfn. 
Ilpn 3T0Mi» saMiTHMi enie, ^to ^anHHfi Bonpoci bt» coniiojioriH CTa- 
BHTca nojiHie h mnpe, h6o cb 3Tofi to^kh sptnia bi coi;iojioriH pas- 
CMaTpHBaeTca ne ojtna tojilko lopH^jH^ecKaa cTopona schshh, koto- 
pyro $HJioco$ia npana cjihhikom'b HaoJinpyeTt oxt ^iipyrnxt cto- 
poH'L, HO H CTopoHH KyjiBTypHaa, aKOHOMnqecKaa, no-iHXHqecKaa, 
a to, ^to lopncTH HasHBaroTt XBopqeeTBOMi qejiOBiqecKaro ^yxa 
BT, o6jiacTH npaBa, 6epeTca jinniB bx cMHCJii qacTHaro cjiyqaa 
„pojiH jiH^HOCTH bx HCTopiH'^ EcTecTBeHHoe npaBO Bi nepBofi no- 
jiOBHfli TepMHna ecTB nonarie cjihhikom'l „MeTanojiHTHqecKoe**, yno- 
Tpedjaa BLipaacenie caMoro r. reccena, h cjiHniKOM'E ysKO-iopH^Hqe - 
CKoe BO BTopofi CBoeft qacTH. Ecjih bi» o6jiacTH ropHcnpyj^eniiiH TOMy, 
q[TO r. recceflX) TaK-L 3anj;HniaeTi&, cyac;i;eHO yTBep^HTBca, to 3to 
6y;i;eTT» ne BOspoac^enieM'B ecTeGTBennaro npaBa, a nepenecenieM'B 
Bt cnei];iajiBHyK) o6jiacTB K)pHcnpyji,eHi;iH Toro coi;iajiBHaro Hfl;ea- 
jiHSMa, KOToparo HHKor;i;a ne qyac;^ajiacB cyfixeKTnBnaa coi^iojioria 


*) Cp. CT> nocJi'fe;xyK)mHMi> Hamy cTaTbio «flBa BsrjiflAa na npoi^eccB npaBO- 
o6pa30BaHiii» («H)pH;i;. B-fecTH.*, 1889) h CTp, 538 — 569 naraefi KHHrn «Cym- 
HOCTb HCTopHHCCKaro npon;ecca h pojib jih^hoctii bi> ncTopin*. 


10 pyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

H Bx co3;i,aHiH KOToparo, KaKTE) aio HH cTpaHHHMt noKajKeTCH no- 
^TeHHOMy aBTopy, BH^Hyio pojiL Hrpajii h BeHxaMi. 

HTaKt, a ;^yMaK), ^ito pi^B H^eii ne o BocKpemeHiH ecTecTBen- 
Haro npaBa, KaKi laKOBoro, a o BHecemn bx $Hjioco$iK) npaBa co- 
AiajiBHaro Hfl;eajiH3Ma, KOTopHfi yace ^aBHO sanajn nofl;o6aK)in;ee eMy 
MtcTO H Bt coniojioriH, h bi nojiHTH^ecKofl aKOHOMia. B^;i;l npaBO- 
Bwe Hfl;eajiH bm^ct^ ct Hfl;eajiaMH KyjiLTypHHMH, aKonoMH^ecKHMH, 

COI^iaJIBHHMH, nOJIHTH^eCKHMH — CyTB TOJIBKO ^aCTB 06meCTBeHHHX'B 

Hj^eajiOBt Boo6m;e, h BHji;tjiflTL hxi Bt oco6yH) KaTeropiio ct 
cxapHMi* HasBanieMX ecxecTBeHHaro npasa h^tl ocHOBaniff. npaB;n;a, 
r. FecceHi b-b ocHOBy ecTecTBeHHaro npaBa KJia^^eTt aTH^ecKyio 

HJ^eK) CnpaBeOTHBOCTH, KOTOpyiO B% niCKOJIBKHXl MicTaxi npOTHBO- 

nojiaraeii Eji^eawh eojilsh h chjih, ho BifliB Hji;ea cnpaBeMHBOCTH 

O^HHaKOBO npHMtHHMa H Kl aKOHOMH^eCKoS, H KTb DOJIHTH^eCKOft 
CTOpOHaMI> 3KH3HH, a Ch ffpyrofi CTOpOHH, H npaBOBaff OfijiaCTL He 

o6xo;i;HTca bi cboh) oqepe^t 6e3i npHHii;HnoB'L hojibsbt h chjih. Ilopa 

nOHHTL, HTO HpaBCTBeHHOCTB CBflSana He CB OJIiHHM'E TOJIBKO Hpa- 

BOMi, H ^TO 8THgecKi« coo6paaceHiff ^oJiacHU npHHHMaTBCH B% pas- 

C^eTB H BTb 3K0H0MHqeCKHX'B, H Bt HOJLHTH^eCKHX'B HayKaXl,. HqiM^E, 

no Kpafineft Mipi, acHO, KaKB ^eHB, hto ecTecTBenHoe npaBO, bo3- 
poac;^eHiH KOToparo acejiaexi r. recceH-B, bb cymnocTH ecxB ho ^to 
HHoe, KaKB HtcKOjiBKO cyaceHHoe noHHManie coi];iajiBHoft bthkh, koto- 
paff Bi XIX B^K^ npHuiJia na CM^Hy cxapoS 3THKi&, 6BiBmefl Bcerj^a 
cjiHfflKOMi HHjaiHBHAyajiHCTHqHofi. Bij^B H cTapoe ecTecTBeHHoe npaBO, 
BpamaBmeeea co BpeMeHB phmckhxb lopncTOBB bb nonaTiflX'B, rjiaB- 
HHMB o6pa30MB, rpaac;i;aHCKaro npana, bb btomx OTHomeHiH ne 
MoaKeTB HacB y;i;oBJieTBopHTB bi> HacTOHmyio anoxy nocxanoBKH no- 
jiHXHHecKHXB H coAiajiBHHXB BonpocoBB. H 3X0 ycxpaneme Hst 
K)pHcnpyseHi];iH o;a;HocxopoHHHro HH;i;HBHjiiyajin3Ma i;hbhjihcthkh bo3- 
MoacHo xojiBKO Ha couiiojiorHqecKoft no^Bt. npH6aBjiio, ^xo xojibko 
Ha 3xofl no^B^ MoacHO npasHjiBHo pa3MeaceBaxB Kaxeropin chjih, 
nojiB3H H cnpaBo^jiHBOcxH, 6e3B yacaca nepe;!;^ yxHJiHxapH3M0Mi, 
KaKB 6h ney^ijOBJiexBopHxejieH'B ohb hh 6hjib bb CMHCJii xeopiH 
reHe3Hca npaBcxBeHHocxH. OnaxB h ohhxb nanoMHio, ^xo h bb 3tomb 
oxHoineniH noBifimie pe$opMaxopBi lopncnpyjiieHixiH naniJiH 6h ne- 
Maao nojie3HLixB ji;jih cefin yKasanifi bb conjiojiorH^ecKOH anxepa- 
xypi. He KaHHOHB ace cb^xb comeaca na niMeiiiKoS lopHcnpyj^eni^iH 
cB es£ cnopaMH o npeji;Mexaxx>, noay^aBmnxB o^ohb ^acxo 6oaie niH- 
poKyio nocxanoBKy bb con;ioaorHqecKOH anxopaxypi jupyrnxB naniiS. 
Cnoe ecxecxBeHHoe npaBO r. FecceHB Ha3HBaex'B 3BoaK)n;ioH- 
HfciMB Han HcxopH^eeKHMB. OcHOBHoe noaoacenie ncxHHHaro hcxo- 
pH3Ma OHB bh;i;hxb BB $opMyat: „BX HcxopiH H^xi HH^ero roxo- 
Baro; Hcxopia Bce co3;i;aexB", a sBoaionioHHSMB onpe^ftaaexB, 
KaKB npH3HaHie xeKyqecxH co^epacaniH ecxecxBeHHaro npaea. 
HoaxoMy oh-b npHHHMaexB onpeji;iaeHie leaanneKa, no KOxopoMy 
„ecxecxBeHHoe npaBo ecxB coBOKynnocxB xpe6oBaHift, npe^iiB- 


\ 


HyaCflO-JIH B03P0aC;i;EHIE ECTECTBEHHATO nPABA? 11 

jiBJiaeMH3;x U3Mn>nu62miMCK crt menenieMTb epeMeuu odu^ecmeoM^ 
HJiH OT^tjiBHHMH ero KJiaccaMH K-L npaBOTBop^ecKofi BJiacTH". Jl^py- 

THMH CJIOBaMH, 3T0 — TBOp^eCTBO Hfl;eaJIOBl), no MOeMJ MH^HilO, 

npe^taBJieHie Hfljeajia npaBOTBop^ecKoS BJiacTH jujih ero peajiH- 
3aniiH BOBce ne ecTB Heo6xofl;HMoe ycjiOBie Toro, hto6h H^eajit 

MHCJIHJICa OT^i^JIBHHM'B JIHi;OM^ HJIH A^JIOH) rpynnOH), KaKl HXt 

npaBO (nycTB ;i;aace ecTecTBeHHoe npaBo), ein,e ne ocymecTBJieHHoe. 
Jpyroe ji;ijio, coBna^aeTX jih nannoe npaBocosHanie ct ^aanHMi 
npaBonopa;a;KOMX hjih Htti, bo bcskomx cjiyqai npefliMeTOMTb lopnc- 
npy^eni^iH aBJiaeTca rjiaBEHMt oepasoMi odieKTHBHufl npaBonopii- 
jiiOK'L, cydxeKTHBHoe ace npaBocosHanie HHRaKt ne MoaceTi 6htb 
HCKJUoqHTejrLHHMt npe^MeTOMt HayKH npaBa: sto 6oJiLnie npe^MeTi 
iicHxojioriH, KyjiLTypHoft HCTopin, 3thkh. „CyiiiiecTBOBaHie HopMi 
BHyxpeHHaro HHTyHTHBHaro npaB0y6iac;i;eHia" ne pesoni ^Jia Toro, 

qT06H HSHMaTL 610 H31» Bi^flj^Hifl COUiiajIBHOfi 3THKH Bi HCKJIIO^H- 

TejiLHoe '8aB'6;i;HBaHie ropncTOBi no^'B apjiHKOMi> ecxecTBeHHaro 
npaBa, Korfl;a yaKoe ace ecTecTBOHHoe npaBO MoaKOTt 6htl h npe^- 
MeTOMt rocyjiiapcTBOB^sa, h nojiHTHKO-sKOHOMa, h coii;iojiora, past 
OHH HsyqaioTt KaacfljHfi cboh) o6jiacTL ne tojilko cl HCTopn^ecKoft 
HJIH TeopeTHiecKofi, HO H aTH^ecKofi TO^KH spiniff. CaMHH npo- 
ii;eecx TBop^ecTBa n^^eajiOBi ecTL npe;a;MeT'B Hsyqenia HCTOpin hjih 
coi];iojioriH, h otx nero, Kone^HO, KaKt otl npe;n;MeTa Hsy^enia, 
HHTepecnaro h ji^jlsi ropncTa, nyacHO OTJin^aTB TBop^ecTBO ropncTaMH 
Hxi codcTBeHHHxt H;neajiOB'E, co3^aHie hmh Toro njieajiBnaro ecTe- 
cTBeHHaro npana, o KOTopoMi roBopHTi r. TecceHi. JyMaio, ^to 
HaBBame HCTopn^ecKaro hjih aBOJironiioHHaro ecTeciBeHHaro npaBa 
MoaceTt OTHOCHTBCff K'L HCMy jiHmL Bt Ka^ecTB-fe npe;i;MeTa HsyneHiH, 
IT noTOMy saKJHO^aeTi b-l ce6i jihhib HSBioTHoe (He-paii;ioHajiHCTHT9e- 
cKoe H se-MHCTH^ecKoe) ero noHEManie, ho r. reccen^ acejiaexx, 

qT06H lOpHCTH H CaMH TBOpHJIH 8T0 npaBO HJIH, HO KpafiHefi M-fepi, 

oi];iHHBajiH ct ero to^kh sptHia nojioacniejiLHoe npaBO, h Bt Ta- 
KOMt cjiyqai a coBciMt He noHHMaio, noqoMy hxx ecTecTBOHHoe 
npaBO 6j]i,eTTy HcxopH^ecKHM^ h 9BOJiK)ii;ioHHLiM'B. npon;eccx TBOp- 
qecTBa H;nieajiBHHX'B HopMTb b^ cyni;HOGTH 6y;a;eT'L ojuhhi* h totx 
ace, dy^ieMt jih mh odiacHHTB ero doacecTBeHHHMt 03apeHieMi», 
Bpoac;i;eHHHMH H;n;eaMH pasyna, npoaBJienieMt bi HH^HBH^yajiLHofl 
;n;yni^ Hai],ioHajiBHaro npaBocosHama hjih BjimnieMX HCTopHqecKofl 
3B0JiH)i^iH. 9totte» npoBieccB M03KeTi& 6htl H3yqaeM'B tojilko ncHXO- 
jioriefl, H npn tom-S ho HH;i;HBH^yajiLHofl ncHxojioriefi CTapHHHaro 
BpeMOHH, a To8 KOJiJieKTHBHoii ncHXOJioriefl, Koiopaa Bce doji-fee h 
6ojite saBoeBMBaeTTb no^y no;i;x HoraMH. Boiocb, ^ito h Bt ;n;aH- 
HOM-L cjiyTOt HOBaa K)pH;i;HqecKaa ncHXOJioria, no Kpafinefi Mtp^, Bt 
noHHManiH r. reccena h^ckojilko OTCTaeTX) oti o6maro coii;iojio- 
TH^ecKaro fliBHacenia. Cjihhikom'b yace HecoiuojiorH^na mhcjib, c^h- 
TaoMaa r. TecceHOMTb 3a „6e3ycjiOBHO BtpnyH)", ^to „npaBO ecTL 
ncHXOJiorHqecKoe, BHyTpeHne-^ejioBtgecKoe aBJienie", Torfl;a KaKX 


[ 


12 


PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 


Ha caMOM'B fl;'fejii axo Moaceii 6htl cKaaano to^ibko o npaBocosna- 
hIh, Kt o6jiacTH KOToparo othochtch h ecTecTseHHoe npaso, othk);^i> 
He upaBonopaAK*, KOTopHfl BMicrl cl rocy;i;apcTBOMi h napo;!;- 
HHMi xosaficTBOMX ecTB jsce coitiojiorH^ecKoe, bh^ HHfl;HBHji;yajiB- 

HHXTb C03HaHifl, HO Bt CaMOfi 06H^eCTBeHH0fi HH3HH Cy^^eCTBy 1011^60 

aBJieme. 

TaKl HMeHHO H CMOTpHTX Ha HpaBO COI^iOJIOrifl. HCTHHHHII 
HCT0pH3M'L H aBOJIK)AiOHH3M'L, KOTOpHMl CO^yBCTByeXB T. reCCGHt, 

acHie H HOJiH-fee Bcero npe;i;cTaBJieHH bi coBpeMeHHoft con;iojioriii, 
KOTopaa Bce dojite h 6ojite npoHHKaeTca ncnxojiorHBMOMi, ho Bt 
TO ace BpeMfl HMifeeii cbohmi npe^ijMeTOM'B BHirania $opMH TjejiOBife- 
necKaro odnijeaKHTia — BKOHOMH^ecKia, ropH^^HiecKiff (npano) h hojih- 
TH^ecKin — Bt Hxi BsaHMo^'fefleTBiH Meffi;iy co6oio h ct ;i;yxoBflOK> 
KyjiBTypoK), co;i;epacan^eK)ca Bt HH;i;HBHfl;yajibHHxt cosHaniaxi. Ecie- 
cTBBHHoe npaBo Bt noHHManiH r. FecceHa bctl, rjiaBHtiMt o6pa30Mi, 
yqenie o tomi, nmo dojiofcuo 6uTh ocyn];ecTBJieHO Bt npaBOBofi 3KH3hh 
o6n;ecTBa, ho b^^b nyacHO eni;e snaxB, nam 3to fl;ojiacHoe MOimem'b 
6htb ocymiecTBJieHo. 9to BonpocB He o n;^jiH, wh KOTopoS cjii^yerB 
CTpeMHTBCH, a cnoco6ax'B ea ;n;ocTHJKeHis h oSt* ycjiOBiax'B, cpe^n 
KOTopBixi npHxoAHTCfl BToro jjjofiHBaTBca. YcnifeniHoe BOS^McTBie na 
acH3HB Tpe6yeT'B sHaniff aaKOHOBi, ynpaBjiaion^HX'B ea aBJiemaMH, h 
peajiBHOH cpe^Bi, noiUJieacamefl nanieMy B03;i;McTBiK). Tljtl o^Ha 
iopHcnpy;i;eHi^ifl[ ^aace ex cbohm:b ecTecTBeHHHM'B npaBOMi HHiero He 
no;i;ijiaeTB, h6o H)pH;i;HqecKiH TpaHC$opMai];iH coBepmaioTca b'b 3a- 

BHCHMOCTH OTX HepeM'feH'B COUjiaJIBHBIX'B, 9K0H0MH^eCKHX'B, HOJIHTH^e- 
CKHXl H KyjIBTypHBIX'B H HOA^HHeHM H3Bi^CTH0fi 3aK0H0MipH0CTH, 

nocTHrnyTB KOTopyio cipeMHTcn coi^iojioria: o;i;Ha „nojiHTHKa npana" 
6GS'h co;a;'feflcTBia HCTopin h CTaracTHKH, nojiHTH^ecKofl skohomIh h 
coi^iojioriH Majio ^to Moasexx cj^ijiaTB. 

Ho, 6bitb MoaceTi, BOo6Hi;e jiocTaxoiHO o^Hofi coniiojioriH ^Jia ocy- 
mecTHjienia itxi aajija^-B, KOTopBia CTaBHT-B ce6t B03poffi^aeMoe ecTe- 
CTBeHHoe npaso? SajiiaBaacB TaKHMi BonpocoMi, a hm^k) b'b BHfliy nam^B 

COHiiOJIOrH^eCKiS Cnopi. O Cy6BeKTHBH3M'fe H OfiieKTHBHSMt, KOTOpOM'B 

HeBOJBHO BcnoMHHaeniB, snaKOMacB ctb [nojieMHKOio ctopohhhkob'b 

eCTeCTBOHHarO npasa npOTHBX lOpHAH^eCKHXl „n03HTHBHCT0B'B**. 

JH^jio Bi> cyn];HOCTH hj^btb o sa^a^axi nayKH: ^ojisna-JiH OHa TOJiibKO 
Hsy^aTB o6iiiiecTBeHHBia aBjienia h 3aK0HH, hmh ynpaBJiaH)ni,ie, ejik 
eg Ha;i;jieacHT'B h BBipaoaTHBaTB HopMBi ;i;ojiacHaro? B'B dTOWb Bife^B h 

BeCB CnOp-B 06'BeKTHBHCTOB'B H Cyd'BeKTHBHCTOBTE). Tt TldT> HaHIHX'B 
lOpHCTOB'B, KOTOpHO HaH60JI^e HCHHTaJIH Ha Oe6^ H 0Tpa3HJIH B'B 

cBonxx Tpyfl.ax'B Bjiianie coi^ioJiorH^ecKaro MHHuieHia, ycBOHJiH 
ce6i— a jijMBJOy b'b buji,^ peaKniiH npoTHB^B MHcxH^ecKHXx h Mexa- 
$H3HqecKHXi> nocxpoenifi ;i;ojiacHaro — odteKXHEHCXH^ecKyH) xo^kt 
Bp-fenia Ha 3aji;aqy nayKH, KaKX na H3y^eHie aBJieniH h hxb 3aK0- 
HOB-B. TaKOBa, Meac^y npo^HMi, h xo^Ka spinia M. M. KoBajieB- 
cKaro, cx> koxopbim'b bx» ^aHHOMOi cjiy^a-fe mh npHHa^jieacHM'B ki» 


HyJKHO-JIH B03P03C;i,EHIE T'^TECTBEHHArO HPABA? 13 

paBHHMt jiarepffMX. B% CBoefi Heji;aBHefi cTaxLi „CoD;iojioriH h 
cpaBHHTejiLHaa HCTopia npaBa" oh'l inajii noBoe inoKasaTejiBCTBO 
cBoefi iipHHa;i;jie3KH0CTH Kt 06'BeKTHBHCTHHecKCMy jiarepio, ycTpa- 

HfllOmeMy HBt COl^iOJIOriH 3THIliH3Ml, KaKl Hi^TO COBepmeHHO H3JIHni- 

Hee H aaMinaiomeeca ct dojibiiiHM'L y;i;o6cTBOMi> o;^HHM'B HCTopna- 
MOMi. Ohi» corjiainaeTCH ct xiMi, ^to „K)pH^H^ecKia nayKH ^^ojimchh 
BHymaTB pe$opMH, Heo6xoja;HMHa bx jn^flcTByiomeM'B saKOHOj^axejiB- 
CTBi ^pH npHBeffenia ero bx cooTBixcTBie CTt cocxoanieMX h npo- 
rpeccoMTb i^HBHjrH3ai];iH", h npHsnaexx ocHOBaxejiLHBiMx ynpeKi, 
;i,tjiaeMHS H^Mei^KHM'L DpHcxaifii b'b „paBHo;i;yniiH kt» BaJSH'Ifinied 
cBoefl MHCciH, saKJiioqaiomeficff Bt o6fl3aHHOcxH co;i;McxBOBaxL cbo- 
EMH xpy;a;aMH pasBHxiio HOBtix'b $opMi npaBa"; ho oh'l o6%siORSieT'h 
9X0 aBJienie ne oxcyxcxBieMt bi hhxi coi^iajiBHO-axHiiecKaro Hji;ea- 
jiH3Ma, a x^Mi, ^xo OHH „He3;ocxaxo^HO H3y^ajiH Hcxopiio npana". 
EcxecxBeHHoe npano, KaKi ^hcxo Mexa^HSH^iecKaff ^OKxpHHa, ne 
MOsexx, no MHi&HiK) lopHcxa-coi^ioJiora, 6epyntaro ero bi paiuoHa- 
jnHcxH^ecKOMi EOHHMaHiH, 6hxl KpHxepieMX nojoacHxejiBHaro npana, 
^xo, oji;HaKO, bi nepeBo;i,'fe na ;i;pyro3 a3HK'E paBHOCHjiLHO oxpHi^aniK) 
on-feHKH jitficxByK)ni;aro 3aKOHo;i;axejiLCXBa cl axH^ecKofi xo^kh 3p'feHi)i 
jBameHia kte» ^ocxoHHCxBy qejioB^qecKoft jinqnocxn, kx „npaBaMX» ^ejio- 
B^Ka H rpa3Kja;aHHHa", h ohx Hni;exx 9xoro Kpnxepia HCKJiiOHHxeJiBHO 
B'B HcxopiH npaBa, x. e. bx nayKi, Hsy^aio^efi pasBHxie npasa Bt 
ero 3aK0H0MipH0cxH. „0?i;Ha xojibko ncxopin npana, — roBopHxt OHt, — 
B'B cocxoflHiH pasp^mHXL BonpocE, Bt KaKoS M^pt fl;aHHoe npano 
cocxaBJiaext npo^yKXi nocxeneHnaro nacjioeHia npeflimecxByioni.HX'B 
lopHj^HqecKHxt $opMat(,ifl, xojiBKO oHa MoacexX) noKasaxB, KaKie 3Jie- 
MeHXH 8xoro npaBa eme naxo^axca B'B cooxb-j^xcxbIh hjih nepecxajiH 
yace oxB-fe^axB xpeSoBaniffM'B jkhshh. A axo sna^Hxt, ^xo 6e3i no- 
]Moni;H HcxopiH HeB03M0ffi;H0 pacKpBixB xi HecoBepmeHCXBa 3aK0H0- 
;i;axejiBcxBa, Koxopna i^'fejiHKOMX) BHxeKaiox'B hsb xoro $aKxa, ^xo 
JKH3HB nocxoaHHO onepeffiaext co6oh) iopHji;H^ecKoe XBop^ecxBo". 
UpaKXH^ecKoe sHa^enie HcxopiH npana bx bxexx cjiOBaxTb o^ep^eno 
BtpHo, H Meflie Bcero a cKJioneHX yMajiaxb pojiB HCXopnqecKaro 3Ha- 
iiiji H Bt o6jracxH coniiojiorH^ecKofl xeopin, h bb o6jiacxH npaKXH- 
uecKofi ^'feaxejEBHOCXH, ocyniiecxBJiHiomeH o6n];ecxBeHHHff jij^jlu, ho 
Bce 3X0 Kacaexca „npe;i;mecxByiomHX'B lopn^^HqecKHX'B $opMaii;ifl", 
^xpefioBania: ace acH3HH" ji^Jisi nacL cyxB coBOKynnocxB xpeSoBanifi 

OX;i;'fejIBHHX'B JllO^efl hjih I^ijIHX'B 06^^eCXBeHHHX'B KJiaCCOBl», KOXOpHH 

MH He XOJIBKO perHcxpHpyeMX), ho h on.'feHHBaeM'B, h on.iHHBaeMt 
npn xoMi He xojibko cb xo^kh spiniH hxb c6hxo^hocxh hjih ne- 
cChio^hocxh, X. e. corjiacia hjih necorjiaciH ch comioJiorHqecKHMH 
3aK0HaMH, HO H CB xo^KH sptaJH cnpaBe;niJiHBOCXH. H, KpoM-fe xoro, 

MH XOpOHIO 3HaeMX,, qXO MeaC^y „aCH3HBI0" H „K)pHJI,HqeCKHM'B XBOp- 

^ecxBOMX" cymecxByexx ne xojibko xo oxHomenie, KOXopoMX) ro- 
BopHXTi aBxopB. JOpH^H^ecKoe xBop^ecxBO, BHpaacaioiiiieecH bb 3aK0- 
Ho;n;axejiBCXBi, Kone^no, ho nocn^BaexB sa pasBHxieMB a^HSHH, ho h 


[\ 14 PyCOKOB BOrATCTBO. 




caMa acHSHB Bcerja;a OTCTaeii oti iopHja;HqecKaro TBopqecTsa, KOTopoe^ 
cosAaexi Bt bhjb;^ HffeajiBHHX'B HopMi ecTecTBenHaro npasa nojio- 
jKHTCJibHoe npaBO 6y;i;ymaro. Bapo^ieMi, Bamx K)pHcrB-con;iojiorb 
jjiyMaeTi, ^ito vl TBop^ecTBa-TO HHKaKoro Hirt, a ecTB tojibko „beji,o- 
HSM^Henie h npncnocofijieHie" bi cmhcji* y^aqnaro BHBo;na Hst 
MaccH HaKonJicHHaro ouHTa h Ha6jiK);i;eHift, KaKi 6yfl;T0, KpoMi Ta- 
KHxt iTH;i;yK[iift, yittt ^ejroB^iiecKifl Becnocodeni Kb jrornqecKofi ;i;e- 

fl^KI^iH, npHBOJIflmefi KX HOBHMI npHHDiHniaJIBHHM'B CJi:fefl;CTBiaMl HX'B 

fl;aHHHX'L B'B co3HaHiH Hfl;efi. Mh rjiy6oKO necorjiacHH ct aBTopoM'B 
paacMaipHBaeMOft CTaTBH, 6yji;T0 ^nponHTHBanie" npaBa STH^ecKHjiH 
npHHUiHiiaMH (= „MeTa$H3H^ecKHMH fl;orMaMH ecTecTBeHnaro saKOsa") 
He HrpaeTE pojiH bx nporpecc* npaBa, h fl;yMaeM'B, Hao6oporB, 
BM^CT-fe CB r. reccenoM'B, qto „HCTHHHHfl HCTopHSMt neonpoBep- 
»CHMO CBHAtTejiBCTByerB Heo6xo^HMOMt HapocTamH BHa^enia: h 
CHJIH ecTecTBeHHaro npaBa**, h qTO „^^wl Bume KyjBTypHHfi ypo- 
BeHB napo^a, t6m'l MorymecTBenHte TBop^ecKaa CHjia ero npaBO- 
BHxt H^^eajioBt**. r. KoBajieBCKifi npoTHBonojiaraeT'B 3T0My „npo- 
nHTHBaHiio" npaBa araKofl ^nocTynaxejiBHoe ^BHJKenie chjih o6ni;e- 
CTBa**, KOTopoe, KOHe^HO, H coBAaeTt fl;aBHHfl ^TpefioBania acnsHH", 
HO B'fefl;L o^iiHHM'L HBi $aKTopoBi HOCTynaTejiBHaro jifiumeEisi o6ni;e- 
cTBa ffBJLfleTca pasBHTie Bt newh caMOCosHanifl ne tojilko bi CMHCJit 
3HaHia, qiait oho, ofin^ecTBO, ecTB, ho h ^^mi oho ji;ojijkho 6htl, 
a BBTcmee CBoe Bupa^enie TpefioBaniA hhshh HaxoA^TX hmohho b^ 
TBop^ecTB-fe Hji;eajiBHHX'B npaBOBBixi nopMi. 

Bt KOHii;'fe-KOHn;oB'B mh^ ;^yMaeTCiI, hto conirfjiorH, ne pasjiy^aio- 
ni,ie HayKy ct sTHKoft, ne MoryTi ne npHB^TCTBOBaiB „B03poH;^eHia: 
ecTecTBeHHaro npaBa",HO HMeHHOB'BKa^ecTB'fecon;iojioroBi,;niyMaK)ni;HX'B 
npeayi;e Bcero o nayuHOM'b Hsy^enin o6maro, KaKt BiipasHJicii OrrocTB 
KoHTt, consensus^a o6ni;ecTBeHHBix'B aBJiemfl, ohh e^pa-jiH corjiacaxca 
ct TiMt, ^to6h BOSBpameHie H)pHcnpyji;eHi^iH Kt TBop^ecTBy Hfl;eajiB- 

HHX'B HOpMt HenpOM^HHO HyaSHO 6hJI0 CBa3HBaTB ch BOCKpenie- 

HioMt BHOJiH^ ;i;HCKpe;i;HTHpoBaBmefi ce6ii Bt nay^HOMt CMHCJii Hji;eH 

H ^T06h 9T0 TBOp^ieCTBO H^^eaJIBHtlX'L HOpMl 6hJI0 HCKJIIO^HTeJIBHO 

jOT^EjijmecKKWhy a ne con;iaj[BHHMt Bt mnpoKOMt cMHCJii aToro 
cjiOBa. To H^eajiBHoe npaBO, Heo6xofl;HMOCTB Koxoparo nponoBfe- 
fliyioT'B pe$opMaTopH K)pHc^pyfl;eH^iH, ne MoaceTx nasHBaTBca hh 
ecTecTBeHHHMt, HH ;i;aaKe npanoMi, nocKOJ[bKy oho ho octb eme 
o^HOK) hsx odteKTHBHO Hadjuo^aeMMxt $opMi npaBOBLixt OTHome- 
Hifl o6ni;ecTBa h nocKOJiBKy cjiobo ^ecTecTBennHft** yaece yTpainjio 
cBoft npeacHifl cmhcjii. Ho, cb ;i;pyrofl CTopoHH, mh^ KasyTca ne- 
npaBHMH H coi^iojiorH, 3aKpHBaioni;ie rjiasa na vh rjiy6oKiii H3- 
Mtnenifl B'B HanpaBjiemH nay^naro peajinsMa, KOTopuH BHeceHu 
BospojUHxejiHMH ecTOCTBeHHaro npaBa Bt ero noHHMaHie. Hhkto hb'b 
HHXt ne ;n;yMaeT'L BOCKpemaTB ecTecTBOHHoe npaso Bt Ka^ecTB-fe 
TeopiH npaBoofipasoBaHiff, ;i;epacacB HCKJiH)^HTej[BHO nonHMania ero, 
KaKX jjHtKOTopofl KpHTH^ecKOfl HHCTaHi^iH, oniiHHBaion^efi HacToani,ee 


MAPrAHII,OBOE I^APCTBO. 15 

H nofl;roTOBjiaK)iu;efi 6yfl;ymee" *), h, paayMteTca, pojiB TaKoft HHCTaH- 
i^iH He MoaceTi bshtb na ce6ii neTopia npasa. , CorjiacHTca, a fliyMaro, 
pe$opMaTopH K)pHcnpy;i;eHn;iH h ct t^mi, hto cpaBHHTejibHO-HCTopH- 
^ecKoe Hsy^enie npasa ecTB eji;HHCTBeHHO B-fepHaa fliopora k-b nay^- 
HOfi TeopiH npaBOo6pa30BaHia, h ^to bi dTom'h OTHomeniH ecxe- 
CTBeHHOMy npaBy HHKorfl;a yace ne nofl;HirTBca nst rpo6a ho bm-^- 
€T^ ct T^MX a o^eHB He xoT'feji'B 6h, hto6h ecfi coi];ioJioria bi hxi, 
ooanaHiH CBeJiacB Ha o^Hy cpaBHHTejiBHyH) K)pHcnpyfl;eHi];iio, xoTa 
6u yace no o^HOMy TOMy, ^tobch ona BtodmcMt cjiheikomi Majioflio 
cKTh nopt ncHxojiorHqea h Tpe6yeT'B noaiOMy 6ojiBniHXi fl;onojrHeHiS. 
HyaceHi 6ojiie nojiHHfl h BcecTopoHHifl coi];iojiorHHecKiH chhtosi, 
Bt KOTopoMt Hafi;i,eTca MtcTO h ji^Jisi BeHTaMa, h ji^jisl lepnHra, h ji^jisi 
TymnjiOBH^a, cjinniKOMTb, Kt coacaji^HiH), qacTO OToacecTBJiHeMaro ct 
coniiojioriefi Boo6me, h ^jih sKOHOMH^ecKaro MaTepiajiHSMa, o/i;hocto- 
poHHee yBJie^ieHie KOTopBiMX y nacB b% ne^aBHee BpeM^r, Kone^HO, 
MBHi^e Bcero 6hjio BaKxanajiieH. 

9to — TeMa, k% KOTopoS ctohti. eni;e BepnyTBCii. 

H. Kapteei. 


MapraHq,OBoe i],apeTBO. 


— CTaHi^H niapoiiaHB! nepeca;i;Ka Bii^iaTypH! — Kpnqajix KOHji;yK- 
Tcopt, npoxoji;ii ho^sjuomi. — rocno^HH'B, Bant BCxaBaTt, — naKJiOHHJica 
OHt KO MHt. a o^HyjicH OTt ;i;peMOTBi. Bhjio ^acoBt ;i,BtHaTOaTB 
HO'iH. noi3ji;i, no;i;xoji;a Kt cTaHii,iH, 3aMe;ii;jiiiJii xo;i;i. il co6pajii> 
Ben];H h BHmeji'b na TopMaat. CTanniiH ne 6hjio aaaiiTHO, ho no^sfft 

OCTaHOBHJICa. 

H0CHJIBni,HKt! — KpHKHyjI'B 51 Bl* TCMHOTy HO^H. HhKTO He 

inejit. — HocHJiBniiHK'L! — noBTopHJii si. 

— B^iCB H-JiTB HOCHJIBmHEOBt, — CKJlSaJIt MHi Myffi^HHa Ch EB- 

pyccKHMi aKn.eHTOM'L. 

SafipaBt Beni;H, a comeji'fc na njiaT$opMy. Ho% 6Hjia yHHJiaa. 
MopocHJi'B ;i;oac^B. CiaHi^m, KOTopofl a cna^ajia He saM-feTHJit, na- 
3:oOT^acB BHHsy nacHnn. S. Boniezi bt* noM^menie, KaKi mh^ no- 
KasajiocB, TpeTBaro KJiacca. KBa^paTHaa KOMHaia, ci rpasHBiM'B Ka- 
jtfeHHHM'B HOJiOMi, 6HJia HOJiHa Hapo;i;y. 

*) n. HoBropo^meB-B. EcTecTseHHoe npaeo (Pyc. 9hi^. Cjlob. BpoKrayaa — 
E(|)poHa, nojiyTOM-B 48;. 


16 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

Ha Mofl BonpocB, r^i 3A*cl 6y$eTi, mh* oxBixEJiH, ^to fiy^eia 
Ha dTofi CTaHi];iH h^t'e; a nonpocHJi^s yEasaiB mh^ saji'E 2 KJiacca, 
HO TaKoro TOKe ne OKasajiocL. JtijiaiL 6hjio He^ero. SI ooaHyjicff, 
qTo6Bi cicTB; BG^ GRaMLH 6ujiH saHHTLi; Ha nojiy^ BooBajiEy Jiessaji'b 
H CHftijit Hapo;^'E; MHorie cnaJiH; noifeajDia bi Hiaxypu npHxo;i;HJioct 
iKfl;aTL TpH ^aca. Ha eja;HHCTBeHHOMi ciyji*, noc^ean KOMnaTH^ ch- 
fl.^ji'L CTapufi rpysHHCKifi CBan^efiHHKi ci jujihhhhmi hocoxomi b^b 
pyKaxt H, KaaajiocB, Toace ^^peMajii. fl nocTaBHJii, r;ait CToaji, cboh 
^eMO^aHi Ha noJii h ciJi-B na Hero. Bhjio TOMHieJiLHO CKy^Ho; 
ppeMa, KaKi Bcer;i;a bi xaKHXi cjiyqaaxi, xeKJio Me^JeHHo; CTpamHO 
KJioHHjio Ko cHy, HO sacHyTb Ha qeMoja;aHi ne 6bijio HHKaKofl bo3- 
MoacHOCTH. HicKOJiBKO pasi Si BCTaBajit H EnxofliBjn Hapyaiy. Ho^b 
Obijia Bce TaKaa ace npoMOsrjiaa; CBepxy He nepecTaBajii ciaTb 
^oacfl;i>. MoKpuH ajockh njrax^opMH SjiecrtjiH npn cb^t^ $0Hapefi. 
YnHJiHii $HrypH j^ByxB-ipexi ho^hhx'b ineacypHHxi bx ji;oacfl;eBHX'E 
Koacanaxi MOJi^a 6po;aiHjiH no njiai^opM^. 

HaKoneHi'L, paajiiajicii nepBHft sbohok'b, h BCKopi a 6ujii> bi> 
sa^iiHeM'L BaroH-fe ^iaxypcKaro ^oi3J^a. 3jiofl h ycTajiHfi, a pacTanyjica 
Ha JiaBKi, HH Majio ne aafioiact o tomi, ^to aaHiun. h^ckojibko 
MtcTX, h He 3aMe;i;jiH-ix sacnyTB. IIpocHyjica a, o;i;HaKO, cKopo, B-fe- 

pOHTHO 0TB TOrO, ^TO BarOHB HeMHJIOCepj^HO TpHCJIO H Ka^aJio. ECJIH 

6bi h He SHajiB naBipnoe, ^to cnacy bb nota;!;^, KOTopHfl Besert 
Mena bb HiaTypH, na m^cto ^acTHoft cjiy:K6Bi, to cnpocoHOKi mofe 
6bi HOjiyMaTB, ^TO HaxoacycB bb kohk^, nacTOJiBKO BaroHi no pa3- 
M-fepaMi H oficTanoBKi eoxoahji'b na koho^hhS; b;i;ojib cT-feni hijih 
ji.epeBaHHHH, nnqtM'B ne ofiHTBia h ne pasj^iJieHHtia na Mtcxa JiaBKH; 
iiaccaacHpH, CH;i;i&Bniia na hhxi,, ji;peMajiH b-b nejiOBKHX-B noaaxi hjih 
HerpoMKO paaroBapHBajiH na HeanaKOMOM'B MH-fe, ropxaHHOMB H3HK'fe. 
Ph^omi CO MHo8 KaKofl-TO rpysHHCKifl KHflab pa3CKa3HBajii» no-pyc- 
CKH, KaKi OH'B B^epa HrpaJiB bb bhhti. 3;i;'fecB Bci, KasajiocB, 6bijih 
aaaKOMH jupyrx* ci ;i;pyroMi. Kor;i;a a no;i;HHJicff h cijix, pa3roBop'L 
Ha MHHyxy cmojikb, h Bci nocMOxptjiH na Mena; KaKi* hobhh ^ejio- 
BifeKi., H, o^eBH^HO, HpHBJieKajix* Ha ce6H BHHManie maTypn;eB'B. 

— Kb HaMB H3B0JiHTe ixaxB? — o6paxHJica ko mh^ 6jiohji,hhi b% 
n];erojiBCKo3 6iJio2 ^epKecK^. 

— Ja, BB HiaxypH. 

— Ho MapraHn;oBOMy ;i,i&Jiy? 

— Ox^ero BH xaKi, ji;yMaexe? — cnpocHJii a. 

— IHa, Bi ^iaxypaxB tojibko xi h acHsyxB, kxo MapraHii;eM'B 
npoMHHiJiaexi. 

— Jta... a ^jij Bi KOHxopy K. kx ynpaBJiaioni;eMy y. 

— A! 3HaeMi; xoponiifi rocnojiiHHB, o^enB xopomiS. Ohb xoace 
He^aBHo Bi ^iaxypti npi^xajii, en];e, noacajiyfl, ro^y ntxB. 

— H ^xo ace, xopomo y Hero H;i;exx» jifijiol 

— IHa, KaKB BaMB CKaaaxB? TenepL nmero, Hajia^HBaexca, a 
cna^ajia ero xaKH noji,KOBajiH. 


I 


\ 

*, MAprAHn;oBOE hapctbo. 17 

I 
I 

^ — KaKt noji;KOBajiH? — y;i;HBHJicfl[ si. 

r — Jl^a TaKi>! — sacMiajiCH rpysHHi, — na nepBHxi nopaxi nposejiH 

'. ero H^cKOJiLKO pa3T>; y naci TaKofi Hapo;!;^... najiBi];a Bt poTX He 

KJDcaAH. Hy, TenepB y^eni, CTajit... 
i — A BLi caMH, — npoji,OJiacajii OHt, — KOMnaHioHOMi bi ;n;*jii co- 

' CTOHTe? 

— HiTt, KOMnanioHOM'b ne coctoio... a iji;y tojilko na Bpeiwi, 

I — CKy^aTb y nact 6yfl;eTe. 

I ' — OT^ero TaKTb? 

I — Ja TaKoe y HacE m^cto: Mapraneni'B, Mapranei^'B, h KpoM^ 

f Hero HHqero, rpasL... pasBJie^eHifi HHKaKHXx. Jla boti, noacHBeTe, 

i yBH;i;HTe. 

f Mh^ He xot4jiocb pasroBapHBaTB, h a cTajii cmotp^tb wh okho. 

noi3fl;i noji3'B no caMOMy 6epery HSBHJTHCTofl ropnofl pi^5KH, Bt 

I TO^iHOCTH cjiinyn ea yKasaHiaMt; Hepiji,KO ohi H3rH6ajica bo $paH- 

j;y3CKoe S. Ci jtpyrofi CTopoHw owh ho^th xepca o ct^hh cKajii, 

' Bt KOTopHxi 6hjio Hpofl^JiaHO ysKoe noJiOTHO AoporH. HacTynHJio 

yxpo; ;n;oac;i;B nepecxajit, ho noro^a 6Hjia XMypaa. noi3;i;i niejEi 
THXo; Kaaajioci), ne 6yji;eT'L KOHita TpHOTiaTH boclmh BepcTaMt, ot- 
jUtjiaiomHMt niaponaHL OTt ^iaTypx. 

Ho BOTi, npoixajiH He6ojitinofi Tonnejib. Ha MHHyTy bi Baroni 
CTajio TeMHO H sanaxjio CHpocTLio. BcKop-fe napoBosi juajix ;n;ojirifl 
^ CBHCTOKt: no^xisacajiH wh ^iaTypaMi.. YntejiLe, KOTopHMt Bce Bpena 
meji'B noisAi, 8;i,^eL h^^ckojilko pacranpajiocB h fiHJio OKpyaceno co 
Bcixx CTopoH'B BHCOKHMH, KpyTHMH TopaMH. JTaHj^ma^Ti nopajKajn 
cBoeio MpaqHocTBK); KasajiocB, ^to no-fes^i;!) Biiaacajit bi KaKyio-TO 
SBipy; seMJia h hoctpohkh 6bijih ^epHH; ^epHH 6hjih caMHa ropBE, 
no^TH rojiBia, MicxaMH tojibko noKpHTHa KyciapHHKOM'B. 

Hoisfli'B ocTaHOBHJica y MajieHBKaro, noBH^jHMOMy Kor;i;a-TO 6t- 
Jiaro, HO TenepB rpaano-ciparo BOKsajia; ho^th pa;i;oMX ci» pejiBcaMH 
THHyjiHCB Ha fliajieKoe pascToanie, yxoja wb rjiy6B M^cxe^Ka, rpo- 
MajiiHHa rpy;i,H ^epnaro MapraHn;a. 

Mh^ nyacHO 6b[jio nonacTB npaMO na KBapinpy kx Y. ji a 
cnpocHJi'B ofliHoro h3'b naccaacHpoB'B, EaK'B ly^a npofliH. 

— Jta OHH ;i;ojiacHBi 6bitb TenepB TyTi, na cbohxi B-fecaxx, — 

OTBiTHJI'B MHt TOT'B. — BOH'B HXl B^CBI, — yKaSaJIl OHl* Bl CTOpOHy, 

ji;a nofi^eMTe, a BacB npoBoacy. 
, Mh pomjiH, H repeat h^ckojibko maroBTb aj yBH;^4JI'B rpynny 

jiK)ji;e6, cToaBfflyio okojio o;n;Hofi iiwh rpyji.'B Mapranixa. 
, — A B0HT», H caMX r. y. — cKasaji'B Mofl npoBoacaTBifl, — bohi, 

; r^i;* jiK);fl;H CToaTi>... 

j Bx 3T0 BpeMa OTh Toro MicTa, rji;i CToajia Ky^Ka jiio;i;efl, ot^^- 

jiHJica BHCOKifi, njiOTHHfi ^ejiOB^Ki H pa3BajiHCTofl noxojuKofl no- 

mejii MH^ na BCTp^^y. 

— rocnoji;HH'E K? — BonpocHTejiBHO o6paTHJica owh ko mh^. 

3^ 4. Ota^'b II. 2 ' 


■^ 


18 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

— Jta, a BH — rocnoj^HHi Y? 

— fl caMHft. 

Mm no3;i;opoBaj[HCi>. 

— B% caMHfl paarapx ;^4jia ki naMt nonaja;aeTe; nocMoipHTe, Ka- 
Kaa KyTeptMa Hjtert! — Ohi yKasajn na b*cbi, ki kotophu'b bi 3tq 
BpeMA noAomjia SojiLmafl napxin ocjiobi, HaBBioqeHHBix'B Mapran- 
n;eMi; okojio HHxt cyeTHJiHct h Kpn^aJiH KaKie-TO lepHtie h 060- 

pBaHHLie JllOJSJI. 

— 8to, BHfliHTe jiH, Kama njiaT$opMa, — noacHHJi'B mh^ ynpaBJiaio- 
mjfl, — H ceSqacB y naci Hj^ert ropa^aa npieMKa pyfl;H. O^HaKO, 
^TO ace MH cTOHMi; noatajiyfiTe ko mh*, a acnsy Tyrt ne ji;ajieKa. 
Byp;i;eHi»! — KpHKnyji'E ohi ^eJiOB'feKy bx ^epKecKi h nanaxt, — 

B03BMH BeiI};H. 

Repeal noji^aca mh yace cas*JiH sa caaiOBapoMi, a a cjiymajii 
pa3CKa3H ynpaBJiaiomaro npo Mapraai^OBoe ii;apcTBO. 


Ha cj-fe^yioiniifi ;i,efli> Y. npe^^jroacHJn Msi^ ocMOipiTb pyjiiHHKa. 
TLocJi^ ^aa aaMX no^ajiH jiomaAeS noji.'b bmcoehmh KaBRascKHMH 

Ci^A^iaMH, H MM OTnpaBHJIHCB. 

CnycTHBraacL ci ropH, mh BitxajiH aa rjiaBHyro h efl;HHCTBeH- 
Hyio ^aTypcKyio yJIH^y; ona cocTOHit cnjioinB h31 rpasEHXi jia- 
BOKi, eme 6oji%e rpasHHXt fliyxaaoBt a MHoasecTBa Ky3Ha^^, bi 
KOTopHxi Eji,evh ropa^aa pa6oTa kobkh blio^huxi jioina;i;63. 

BHixaBi 3a HiaiypH, mu noBepayjiH aa JiiBO, bx 6oKOBoe 
ymejiLe a cpa3y o^yTBJiacB cpe;nH aeBoo6pa3BMofl TOJiqea: aca ^no- 
pora 6HJ[a 3anpyaceaa BBio^nuMa acaaoTHiiMa; ^naaaceaie pasdaaajtocB 
aa fljBa BCTpi^aHxi Te^eaia: o;i;aa rycTaa BOJiaa Jioma^efi a ocjobi 
aanpaajrajiacb h3'b py^^aaKoat kl ^iaxypaMt, aeca aa caaaaxi boji- 
BHe BLioKa Mapraai];a; ja;pyraa, cb nopoacaaMB BLioKaMa, TeKJia 06- 
paTBO B3i ^aiypi bi pyji;aBKB 3a BOBHMt rpysoMX. JIoBiaja;a bmb 

6HCTpO, BHCOKO BO;HBaB'B TOJEOBy B BJiaCTB^BO BOKa^BBaacL Ba 6a6- 

Eax'B BOFB OT'B ;i;aBBBBi63 ax's cBBBy TasecTB. MajieaBEie ocjibi, 
Ticao cKy^BBBiBCL, BiJiB BapxiaMB; ptee BOBaji;ajiBCB cKpaay™ 
ap6H; Bxt Be3JiB 6hkb bjib 6ySB0JiH; axa rpoMaji;BHa xeMBO-cipHa 
acBBOXBHa, Boxoacia aa KaKBxi-xo fl;0B0XBHX'B ^y;i;oBBBi;'B, ct mox- 
aaiofl BiepcxLH) a mapoKaMB KOcxaMa, ji;BBrajiBCB M»efl;jieBBO, aecBima 
maraa xojicxhmb, KaKx* 6peBaa, BoraMB b oaycxaBt Kt seMJii po- 
raxyro rojioay. Cpe^a aceft 3xob MaccH maBoxBHxt bpbxoji;bjiocb 
ixaxB maroMt a jiaBapya; cxyKByBmacb kojt^bom'b pasx. - ^yroft 
BtroEB, a y6i;iiBJica, ^xo oaa XBep^H, KaK-L acejii30. 

Bx» B03fl;yxi aacijia rycxaa bhjil, BOfljaaxaa KoatixaMB. Cojiai^e 
acoo. ToBOxx, CKpaBi ap6t, peBi ocjiobx. b kpbkb BoroBD^BKOSt 
cjiBBajiBCB Bi myMX. a tomobi. BM-fecxo pyccKaro BOByaaBia ao- 
cxoaaao «jiHBiajiBCi> aeapaaHqaHe ;i;jia Moero cjiyxa BOsrjiacBi: 




MAPrAHI^OBOE njAPCTBO. 19" 

„a^qL, a^^B", H xapaKTepHBig ropTaHHHft seyKx, KOTopMMt nepcH 
noroHfliOTi ocjiOBt. 

a ^xajii cpeji;H aioro myMHaro noTOKa jiK)ji;efi h acHBOTHHXt 
H HanpaaceHHO Ha6jiK);i;aji'B hobjio ji^Jia Meua h CBoeoQpaanyK) 3KH3hl; 
Mfli KaaajiocB, tto a nonaji'L bi M-fecTO 6ojiLmofl pa6oTH, ^;^'fe ckoh- 
DieHTpHpoBano rpoMaji;Hoe KOJiH^ecTBO anepriH; aia anepria h KHny- 
^aa 2UH3HB 6hijiR pasjiHTM RpypoM'L H BHpaxajiH CTeneHB EpadHHro 
HanpflxeHiH. 

Jl^opora niJia no ji;Hy rjiy6oKaro ymejiLH, no o6ohm'b CKJionaM't 
KOToparo pacnojiOffleHa 6ojiLniaa nacTB pyfl;HHKOB'L; HHorja;a ona no^;- 

HHHaJiaCL BBepX'B H Jli^IIHJEaCB, EaKl KapHHSl, BAOJIB nOHTH OTBiC- 

HBixt cT^wh ropt. Ho Mtpi Toro KaKi mh y;i;ajiajiHCB OTt ^iaiypx, 
;i;BHaKeHie pifl;'fejio, paaSHBaacB no 6oeobum'e ji;oporaMi, EOTopwa 
BGJiH El OTfl.^JiBHtiM'B pyfljHHEaMi. Ho BOTX, MH nepetxajiH py^efi, 
CBepnyjiH cl rjiaBHofl ;i;oporn bx CTopony h CTajiH EpyTO noflinn- 
MaxBCff Bt ropy; 3;i;^cb 6hjio cobc^mx npociopno; Hspi^Ka nona^^a- 
jiHCB OTfljtjiBHHH napriH, me^iniff ct pyfl;HHEOBi b-b ^iaxypu. 

Hamn jioffla;i;H Eapafeajincb na Epy^y, Taacejio ja;Hma h onycTHBt 
BHHSt tojiobh; BCTpi^HBia jroma^H cnycEajmcB thxo h ocTopoacHO, 
oavQ;aGB na 3aja;u h no;i;ji;ep:EnBaii nojunaTOH meeS nannpaBmie bbioeh. 
mwh BHine Mu noAHHMajiHCL, TfeMt rjiyme ji;oHOCHjica ^o nact 
myMt tojiah; Q6epHyBinHCB nasaj^i, Moacno 6hjio bh^^^tb BHHsy ^ep- 
nyio jieHTy rjiaBHofl ;i;oporH, EnmiBniyH) ^^BHacemeMi. 0% Tpy;i;oMi 
;i;ocTHrjiH mh BepmnHH no;i;ieMa — h oqyiHJiHCB EaEt 6yja;T0 bi HHOMt 
ii;apcTBt: EpyroMX pascTHJiajica MHpnHfi h npejiecTHHfl JiaH^ma$Ti. 
TjiasTb 0Tfl;Hxaji%, 6poflia no mnpoEOMy ropHSOHiy, na EOiopoM-B ot- 
qeTJiHBo BHp'l^SHBajiacB GH^JEHaa jiHHiA Topi; ea H^eajiBHaa ^ncTOTa 
riopaffiajia EpacoToft nocjii^ rpasn h ^epHHxt EpacoEi BEHsy. 3;i;^cb 
6hjio thxo n cnoEofino, EaEi Besjs,^, r^;* rocnofl;cTByeTL npnpoflia. 
Bi rpy;i;B BJiHBajica qncTHfi ropHHfl Bos^iiyxi; Taacejraa Maprani^o- 
Ban nHJiB ocTajiacB BHHsy. HeB^ajieEi^ BEjijEijiaGB ji;epeByniEa n se- 
jresijiH pasfiHTHe BOEpyri* Bea BHBorpa;i;BHEH. 

Ha pyji;HHEt, Ey;i;a mh cEopo npitxajiH, 6hjio MepiBO h nycTo; 
pa6oTu 6hjih BpeMesEO npeEpani;eBH, h EpoM^ CTopoaca s^^cb bh- 
Eoro Ee 6hjio. Ha pac?EEi;eEEo3 njiOEi;a;i;E^ jieacaj[7> BHpadoxaEEHfi 
H cjoateEBHS Bi Ey6H MapraEeE;^. Mh coeijih ci cijuejii HEanpa- 
BHJiHCB ocMaxpHBaTB TJiaBByK) HiTOJiLEH); BTb Eefl 6hjio npoxjiaji;BO, 
<5Hpo H TeMEo. CTopoffit Eiejn* Bnepefl;B e ocBin^aji'B nyiB jiaMnoft. 
IHtojibee BejiacB o6pa3i\OBO, e Y. eo 6e3i yfl;oBOJiBCTBia saM^TEji^B 
MB-fe, ^TO TaRHX'b Bt ^iaTypaxi EeMsoro; BCK)fl;y BH^Ea 6HJia 3a6oTa 
o 6e3onacBocTH pafio^Exx; TOJicTHe fl;y6oBHe ctoji6h ofijierajin ct^bh 
H nojijEBpajiE noTOJiOEt. JtofiffE Ao,3a6oa, CTopoasi ocb^thjii ero, h 
a yBHjii'feJi'B MomEHe njiacxH MapraEii;a, sazeraBniie bi tojiej,* h3- 

BeCTEEEa. 

OCMOTpiBX pyfljBHEl, MH C'hjlR Ea JIOEiafliefi H EanpaBEJiECb 06- 

paTBO, cn^ma ei o6i&;i,y. KaBEascEia jioma;i,H ociopoacEO h yMijio 

2* 


1 


20 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

cnycTHJiH Hact no KpyTOMy cKJiony BHHat bi* ymejiBe; mu cHOBa^ 
o^yxHJiHCB cpe;i;H myMa h fl;BHaKeHia h repeal nojiqaca, ci xpyjiiOM-B 
o6roHaa na ysKofl fl;opori^ BLioHHHa napxiH acHBOTHHXi, ;^o4xajiH so 
Hiaxypi. JtoMa, cb HacjiaK;i;eHieMi yMHsniHCB h ocBo6ofliHBinHCB xa- 
KHMX o6pa30M'B OTX HenpiflTHaro omymema rpasH, a BHmejii Ha 
Teppacy; ^om-b ctohji'b na Kpaio Hiaxypi, Ha bhcokoS rop^, h cb^ 
leppacu Bce Micxe^KO BHfl;HO 6hiJL0 KaKi na JiafljOHH. Cro^a rjiyxo 
^OHOCHJica myMi pa6o^aro fl;Ha; KpHKH, MHqanie, CKpnni, xonoxi, 

CBHCXKH H HHXXi^HBe napOB030B^ — ^BCe CJIHBaJlOCB BMiCxi H HH^XO 

He 6ujio cjiHniHO oxa^jibho. HicKOJiBKO orjiynieHHBifl Maccoft hobhxi. 
Bne^axjitmS, a noKa xojibko Bfinpaji'B ex% b'b ce6a h ho aHajiHSHpo- 
Bajii; axMOC$epa xpy^a, paBJinxaa KpyroMi, fl;McxBOBajia sapasH- 
xejiBHO H BEiBKTBajia acejianie npncoejUHHHXBca k'b o6ni;efl pa6ox'6. 

^iaxypH, KaKi KpynHBtft npoMMmjieHHBifi n;eHxp'B, cxajiH hsb^cxhh 
He;i;aBHo; eme jiixi fl;ecaxB xoMy Haaaji;^ rpysHHCKie KpecxBane eno- 
KoflHO ciaJiH Ha Hxi M^cx* KyKypysy H pa3Bo;i;HJiH BHHorpa;a;HHKH; 
rpoMa^HHa MHHepajiBHHa 6oraxcxBa JienajiH B'B soMJii, n hhkxo ne 
o6pani;aji'B oco6eHHaro BHHMania na axH j^iEia Micxa. 

B'B Hacxoamiee BpeMa "^iaxypH ne fioaxca conepHHKOBi b'b ]5fi' 
6HBaHiH Mapranqa. M^cxe^KO JieacHX'B bi n;eHxp* rpoMafl;Haro 6ac- . 
cefina mod^hhx'b sajreacefi Maprani^oBoft pyj^H npeKpacnaro Kaqecxaa, 
H HHrfl;^ He ji;o6HBaexca xaKoro 6ojiBnioro KOJinqecxBa ea, KaK^ 
s^^cb; HO cnoco6i 9Kcnjiyaxaii,iH nopaacaex-B BcaKaro, kxo cb hhmb 
BHaKOMHXca, CBoefi npHMHXHBHOcxBK) H rpyfiocxBK). P'fe;^Kifi pyjI.HHK'B 
paspafiaxHBaexca npaBHJiBHO, xaK'B KaK'B p-fe^^KiB npejiiiipHHHMaxejiB 
3Haexi ropHoe ^ijio. TexHHKH h ropHBie HHaceHepBi Bcxp^^aioxca 
noKa 3ji;^CB B'B buji^I^ HCKJiioqeHifi. EIxojibhh Be^yxca o^eHB lacxo 
HecorjiacHO cb 3ajieraHieMi nopo;i;B[, npn KpaSne He6peKH0M'B Kpia- 
jieHiH. „Coflji;exB, aBOCB ne 3aji;aBHX'B". TaKOBH coo6paaceHia, pyKO- 
Bo;i;an^ia o^chb MHorHMH MaprannienpoMHniJieHHHKaMH. „Abocb", ko- 
He^Ho, He Bcerfl;a onpaB^HBaexB Haseffi;fl,&i, ho caMH npe^npHnHMa- 
xewiH ocxaroxca i^^jih. 

Bce ;n'fejio pacna^aexca na flp^ rjiaBHBia o^epa^iH. CwpyK) pyji;y 
BH6HBaiox'B Bx rnxOviBHaxi H rpy6o o^Hni;aK)xi» ^eKaMH oxi npn- 
cxaBfflHX'B nocxopoHHHX'B nopo;i;'B, — axKH^ HC^epnHBaioxca Bci rop- 
HBia padoxH. C-b pyji;HHK0B'B py^y nepeBosaxi bi ^iaxypH h rpy- 
sax'B Ha njiax^opMH. B'B 3xofi xo nepeB03K^ h jreacHXi n;eHxp'B xa- 
acecxH Bcero ^ij-fejia. Ona npeji;cxaBJiaex'B nacxojiBKO 6ojrBniia xpyjUHOcxn^ 
^xo Ha nee 3axpa^iHBaexca rjiaBHaa Macca pacxo;i;yeMaro bi ^iaxy- 
paxi xpy^a. BoKpyrB ^iaxyp'B ropu cMHKaioxca KOJiBn;©!!^, Kpyxw 
H nepepisaHH ymejiBaMH; ;i;oporH xaacejiBi ji;jia ^BHacema h ne Be3A^ 
6edon^GEu, Ha ^iaxypcKHX'B njiax^opMax-B Jieacaxi ^ecaxKH mhji- 
jiioHOBB nyji;oBX Mapraniiia; ;i;eHB h hohb notsAa oxboshx'b ero B'B 
nopxoBHe ropo;i;a IIoxh h BaxyMi; ho rpy;i;H ne yfiBiBaroxB, a pa- 
cxyxi, H ecjiH no^yMaxB, ^xo Bca axa Macca CB03Hxca na CHHHax'B 


MAPrAHI];OBOE I^APCTBO. 21 

ore 

Tjr Jioina;i;efi h ocjioBt, to mosho cocTaBHTt ce6'fe npHfijinsHTejiLHoe no- 
HiiTie noji;o6Hofi pa6oT4. 

Jlo CHxt nopt no^TH ne fl;iJiajiocB nonHTOKi saMiflHTt btoti 
BapsapcKig 0090061 nepeB03KH 6oJiie coBepmeHHHM'L. 0;i;Ha $paH- 
i^yacKaH -^apMa, nojiBsyacB otb4com'b ropH, ycxpoHJia Tpy6y, no 
KOTopoft pyji;y onycKajoTt bhhbi; ho 3to ^yTB jih ho e^HHCTBeHHtifi 
npHM^P'B, npH TOMX Majio noMoraiomifi jif^Jij. ELojioaceHie Bemefi Morjio 
6hL Bt ' Kopnife H3MtHHTBca OTh npoKJiafl;KH peju.coBHX'B nyxefi b;i;ojib 
rjiaBHofi apTepiH, no KOTopofi nanpaBJiHeTCH ^BHaceme h no odtHMi 
OToponaMX KOTopoS pacnoJioaceHti no^ra Bcife pyj^HHKn. 

9to ]iino ffl^eT'B npe^npiHM^HBHXt JiJO^eS. h KpynnHX'B KanHTa- 
jiOBi>, a noKa nepoBOSKa Maprannia BaMy^HBaeTi i^tjiyio apiiiio ^aji- 
jBafliapt H cTHpae'Tt fl;o acHBoro Maca cnnHH Ttica^aMi aceBOTHHxt. 
J^o Ttx'B nopt, noKa ManiHHH ne BaM-fenHTi jioraaji;eft, ocjiob^ h 6h- 
KOBi, HiaxypH ocTaHyTCH orpoMHHMH KOHioniHaMH, coj^epacamHMHCir 
B'h 6e3o6pa3HOMi bhji;*, h 6j)i,jTh OKaauBaTB pa^iiyniHoe rocTenpiHM- 
<5TB0 BceBOSMoacHHMt anHfl.eMiaMi. 

He CMOTpa na nepBo6HTHOCTB npioMOBi, KOToptie ynoTpedjiaioT'B 
MapraHi];enpoMHniJieHHHKH, fl^jio y eex% Eji^erb n npHHOCHT'B Kpyn- 
HHO 6apHniB[; 9to Hafl;o ofiiacnaTB, CTb ofl;Hofi cTopoHH, dojiBrnHMt 
^npocoMi* na Mapranei^i sa rpaHHn;eH, a ci ;i;pyro3 — t^mi, ^To;i;jia 
aepeB03KH py;i;Br k^b ycjiyraMi MapraHii;enpoMHniJieHHaKOBi Bcer^a 
roTOBO CKOJiBKO yroji;HO nepcoBi h Taiap'B; KopenHoe rpysHncKoe 
HacejieHie 6pe3raeT'B 3Tofl pa6oTofi, KaKi cjEHmKOMi rpasnofl, a na 
qajiBa/^apt cmotphti cb rjiy6oKHM'B cosHanieMi CBoero npeBOCxoji;- 
<5TBa. TaKHM^ o6pa30Mi, B03qHKH SLBJiAJOTCSi B'B ^iaiypaxi ^epno- 
pa6o^HMH, HHsniHM^ KJiaccoMi», Hecyni;HM'E na ce6i rjiaBHyio xaacecTB 
pafioTi. 

IIpeflCTaBBTe ce6i ^ejioB-feKa coBepmeHHO ^epnaro otx MapraHii;a 
H rpasn; MapraHii;oBafl hhjib BttjiacB b^ nopH ero kojkh nacTOJiBKO 
npoiHO, ^To OTMUBaeTca jthhib cb xpyj^OMi; TaKHMi o6pa30M'B, bt, 
pHja;^ Maprani^OBHX'B coeji;HHeHifi Moacno bkjiio^htb h acHByK) pa3H0- 
bhji;hoctb, nasBanie KOTopofi — „^ajiBa;i;api". 

^ajiBa;i;apaxi fl;ojiacHH 6h, KasajiocB, 6ojiBine bc^xi BnaiB t^, 
na Koro ohh pafioiaiOT'B, t. e. rr. MaprannienpoMHnijieHHHKH; ^ttfl- 
CTBHTOJiBHO, OHH o6paffl;aK)T'B HiKOTopoo BHHMaHie na jronia;i,eg h 
ocjiOBi, a cji^;i;oBaTejiBHO, h Ha qajiBa;i;ap'B, xaKX KaKi. bi HXTb rjia- 
3axTE> 3TH nocjiiji;Hie to^ho TaKoe ace opy^ie nepesoBKH, KaKt h 
nepBBie; laKOBa „ynponi;eHHaa" To^Ka spiHia MapraHn;enpoMBiniJieH- 

HHKOBT). 

JKh3hb TiaJiBaj^apa cjiaraeTca hsb BecBMa necjioacHHXi BJieMen- 
TOB'B. Ero cneniiajiBHOCTB, — nepeB03Ka pyj^tr, — Tpe6yeT'B o^eHB Majio 
yiia H 3HaHifi h o^ohb MHoro bhhocjihbocth. 

Okojio ^eTBipexx ^acoB'B yxpa gajiBajiiap'B na^HnaeT'B cboS pa6o- 
^ift ^eHB, BSBajiHBaeT'B bbiokh na chhhh acHBOTHBiMi. h OTHpaBJiaeTca 
Biy ropH na py^HHKH. 0% HarpyaceHHHMH BBiOKaMH oh^ cnycKaeTca 


/ 


■ 

i 


22 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

niniKOMi Bi HiaiypH; hbi HiaTypi onaTt Ha pyji;HHKH, h xaicB 

JlBHKeHie, o;a;Hoo6pa8H06, KaEx Kagame MaflTHHKa, npHxynjiaeT^ 
B'R HeMi BCfflsifi npo6jiecKi mhcjih; cnoco6HOCTi> ^yBCTBOBaxt h boc- 
npHHHMaTL BDe^axji^Hifl BHimHaro iiipa no^aBJieHa b'b Hescb om;y- 
menieMt ^HSH^iecKofl ycTSJiocTH. CojiHii;e HaKajiaeT'B axMOc^epy h 
aKaceit jiioji;eS. IIhjib h acapt cymarB cjiHSHCTyio o6ojio^Ky bo pry, 
H Kor;^a ^ajiBaj^apt cbohmh ropxaHHHMH KpHKaMH noroHflex'B ocjiob'b, 
nojiyqaexca xaKoe Bne^axjiiHie, 6yfl;xo y Hero chjibho eoJiHit ropjio. 
Oxi xofi ffle HHJiH, — yacacnaro 6H^a qiaxypi];eB'L, — no^xH y Bcfext 
^ajiBaj^ap-B 6*jikh oast BOcnajieHH, h ex% KpacHoxa pisKO BH;i;i- 
jiiiexcH Ha qepHOM'B $OHi KOJKE. Ha jmujk, cl saneKmHicHCA ry6aMH 
H pasMasaHHLiMi ndxoMi MapraHH;eM'B^ ji63bhx:& xynoe h nanpaHen- 
Hoe BHpaaceHie; qacxo oho roBopnxi o KpaflneMx $H3H^ecK0M^ 
HBHypeniH hjih o 6oji*3hh: pasjiH^nnxB xpyfl;HO. 

Meacfliy KpaSHHMH KJiaccaMH ^iaxypcKaro Mipa, — MapraHD;enpo- 
MHHiJieHHHKaMH, Hpe^^cxaBHxeJiaMH KanHxaJia, h soa^HKaMH — ne cyni;e- 
cxByext HHKaKHX'B HenocpeAcxBeHHHxt cHomeHifl. CBa3yH)ni;HMt 3Be- 
HOMi Meacfliy hhmh aBjEaexcH KJiaccB noflipH^^HKOBi; MapraHn;enpo- 

MHHIJieHHHKH BXOfliHXX Bl Cff^JIKH XOJIBKO CI HHMH H COBepUieHHO 

oxcxpanaiorB oxt ce6a BcaKoe none^eme o acH3HH nasniaro pa6o- 
^aro Hacejiema; ohh xojibko xorfl;a na^HHaiox'B BOJiHOBaxBca h bcho- 
MHHaxB ero cyni;ecxBOBaHiH, Kor;i;a BpeMonaMH Macca BOB^HKOBt 
oxjiHBaexx hs'b Hiaxypx, nepeKo^eBHBaa bi ji;pyria Micxa; xo^;^a 
nepeBosKa cxanoBEXcji ji;opoKe, h MapraHn;enpoMHmjieHHHKH 3aBo;i;jix^ 
p^^H Ha CBOH) jrK)6HMyH) xeMy, o xpyjuHOcxH nojioacenia. 

— noMHjiyfixe! — Boniioxt ohh, — Bi;ib mh nocxaBJieHH b-b coBop- 
meHHO HCKjiioqHxejiBHHff ycjioBia pafioxu; HHKaicia noiHXHKO-aKOHO- 
MHHecKiH leopiH xyii ne npHM^HHMH, xaKt KaKt 3;iiicB Bce coBop- 
maexca KaK'B past naoSopoxi: s][!hch ne pa6o^ie saBHcaxt 01% 
Haci, a MH OX'S pafio^nxt! CerofliHa ecxB bo3^hkh, — pa6oxa Hji;exi, 
a saBxpa hm^b Bsj^yMaexca yftxH, — h xoxb na ce6i Be3H py^y! 

0;i;HaKO, ji;o chx'b nopx BOS^HKaM'B ne B3;iyMajiocB yfixH, h Map- 
raHn;enpoMHmjieHHHKH ne bo3hjih py^y na ce6i. O^eBH^iiHO, b-b *^ia- 
xypaxi, KaK'B h Bes^, n;apHXX :Kejii&3HH3 3aK0H'B Kannxajia h toehxi 
pafio^iHX'B Ki MapraHDienpoMHmJieHHHKaMX, KaK'B 6a6o^eKi ki ophk). 

Kaacexc^r, nnrji;*, KaK'B 3fl;^CB, HecnpaBe;i;jiHBOcxB h nacHJiie ne 
ofijieKaioxcH b% xaKia tojibih h fiessacx'feHiHBHH $opMH: ^azBa^api 
He cnoco6eH'B ki npoxecxy bi cHJiy CBoefl Kpaflnefi sadnxocxH h 
fl;HKOcxH. njiexB H najiKa hm^iox'b 3fl,icB mnpoKoe npHMtaenie: ko- 
jiOTSvrh jionia;i;eS, ocjiob'b h... JiK)fl;efl, xaKX KaK'B qajiBa;iiapH JiioffH, 
BonpeKH MHiniK) ^iaxypcKaro „o6ni;ecxBa". 

Hep^;i;KO, H3ji;ajiH, ci xeppacH ^OMa, mh^ npHXO^HJiocB 6un 

6e3CHJiBHHM'B spHxejieM'B Hsfiieniff: acepxBoft HensMiHHO ahmjich 

B03^HK'B, najia^eMX — no;i;paffqHK'B. BHBajio, npH;i;eniB ;toMo2 ycxafflfl, 

y CMoeniB ci ce6a HenaBHCXHyK) Maprani^oByio hhjib h csi]ifimh hhtb 




MAPrAHUOBOE n,AJ»CTBO. 23 

H TaKil^afi HJiH ^HTaiL raseTj ct HaM^penieMi OTAOxuyTt h no3a6HTL na 
BpeMS MapraHi^OBOM'B itapcTBi co bc^mh ero npejieciaMH. B^pyri 
ynjraeW cjiHinHinb oT^aaneHe kphkh; cmotphdib Bt ly CTopony h BH;i;HinL 
^ H Boc- 6e3o6pa3HyK) ci;eHy: no^ijaiH^HK'B KOjiOTHTt B03iHKa, — 3pijiHm,e Ha- 
i omr- CTOJitKo o6HKHOBeHHoe, ^TO MHorie 6e3y^acTHo npoxofl;aT'L mhmo. 
:^epyi Hnor^a, ofliHaKO, HCTasanie npojiojiacaeTca TaKi ;i;ojiro, ^to o6pa- 
BO pTT. maiOTX na nero BHHMame. Ri* TaKHXi cjiyqaaxt KOJiOTHBinifi cna- 
ocjoBi caeTca 6'fercTBOM'B, a ero nepTBy, H36HTyK) qacTo flio noiepH co3Ha- 

ropjo Bi«» nepenocflT'b Bt cTopoHKy: nycTt, mojix, OTJieacHTca. 

Bcfoi ^paB;^a, ecTt bi ^iaiypaxi nojiHi^ia, ecTL h^^ckojilko ji;ecaTKOBi> 

BHj^i' „CTpaaKHHKOBt", nirnHxt h kohhhxi. BuBaeTt, xoth pt^KO, ^to 
ryfiaul bo3^hk'b nHTaexca HCKaxL y HHXt samHTH, ho TOJiKy hs'b axoro He 
aaaceHt nojiy^iaeTCH HHKaKoro. Mni ofl;Haacji;H npHniJiocB bi stomi BecLMa 
IcKOia Harjia;n;H0 y6'6^HTBCfl[. 

KaKi»-T0 pa3i MHi noHaji;o6HJiocB HaBecTH cnpaBKy Bt nojiHi^efl- 
lenpoJ cKoainb yqacxKi. Bi conpoBoac^^ieHiH cjiymamaro, ^eqeHn;a Byp;i;eHa 
cym ^' ^^ cntina, n0ji;HHMajicii no TponnHK'fe Bt ropy, Ha Koxopofl, bx 
ggj cTopoHife OT'b ^iaTypt, Haxo;i;HJica yqacxoKt. He;n;ajieKO oti Hero 
reirpd saci onepe^HJia rpynna Jiio^efl, cpasy ofipaxHBniaa na ce6a Moe 
leHHf BHHMaHie. 

m6ol BnepefliH mejit CTpaacHHKi, 3a nnwh rpysHH'b, oqeBH^HO no;i;pii;i;- 

BCiifl'i ^HK^» c'^ cyMpaqHHM'L H HenpiflTHHM'L jiHn;o^i, ;^o caMLixx rjias'B 
ntoBJl 3apocmHM'B ^epHofi 6opoji;oa. IIosa^H hijih ji;Ba qajiBa;i;apa; BsrjiaHyB'B 
^1 Ha HHXt, a B3fl;porHyji'B: y oOonxt Bce jihii;o h rojiOBa 6hjih sajiwiu 

Jt KpoBBK); pyqBH ea, CM-feiHEBaacL cb MapraHDjeMi, noKpHBaBniHMi> ex% 
■ jiHua, 6mjih rpasHaro, TeMHO-Kpacnaro D,Bi&Ta. 

fl Bomeji'L BX noMini;eHie y^acTKa BMi^cii ci 3toS rpynnofl. 

!l 3a CTOJIOMI., nOKpUTHMI. 3eJieHHMl CyKHOMl H 3aBajieHHHM'B 

I oTHaTHMH y rpysHHt KHHacajiaMH, — pesyjiLTaxt npoH3Boji;HBniaroca 

\l Bt ^iaxypaxxi pa3opyaceHia, — cnji^Ji-h .nHCBMOBOji;HTejiL, mojio;i;oh, Kpa- 

I CHBBlfi rpySHHX, Ct OtjIHMH BMXOJieHHIJMH pyKaMH. MOJIBKOMI B3rjia- 

HyBi Ha npHjnejiiniHxi, ohi o6paTHJica cnaqajia ko mh^. fl Haneji'b 
HyffiHyio cnpaBKy, ho Mej^jinji'b yxoji;HTL, acejiaa ysnaTB, ^iMt koh- 
^HTca ^ijio. Ki coffiiajitHiH), Beet pasroBopx npoHcxo;i;HJii no-rpy- 
3HHCKH, H a ffojiacenx 6ujl% npHdirnyTB Kt noMoni;H Byp^ijena, ^to6h 
I noHaTB ero cmhcjii. 

Bo Bce BpeMJi o6'&acHeHia o6BHHaeMHfi nojiipaj^^HKi cToajii* co- 
Bepmenno chokoSho; ne ;iiaBaa ce6i^ Tpyji;a roBopniB, ohx tojibko 
'H na Bce 0TpHn;aTejLH0 MOTajiTb rojioBofl. 

^ajiBa^apBT naxo^HJiHCB, bh;i;hmo, bte* 6ojiBnioMt saTpy^meniH, xaKTb 
KaKi OTX HHxi Tpe6oBajiH ofixacneHia, 3Ha^HT'B H^KOTopofl pa6oTH 
MBicnH, necpaBHeHHO fioji^e Tpy^nofi ^Jia hhxt>, ^^m.'l B03Ka Map- 
ranua. Hmi noMorajii CTpaacHHK'B. "^ajiBa^apH, ynasHBaa na cboh 
OKpoBaBJieHHHa JiHn;a h na no;i;pa;i;qHKa, roBopnjiH, qio bto owl 
iisShjH) hx-b. no;i;pa;n;qHKi 0TpH^aTeJIBH0 MOTajri rozoBofl. IIhcbmo- 
Bo;i;HTejiB, ci jiHii;a KOToparo Bce Bpena ne cxoji,hjio Bbipaffienie CKyKH 


24 PyCOKOB BOrATCTBO. 

H anaxin, no^TH He rjiaji^ji'b na xixi, ct KtMX roBopHJi'L, 

KOHn;'! KOHItOBt 06TbHBHJI'B BOB^HKaMl, ^TO eCJlH OHH XOTHTt 

flijiy xcjux, TO fl;ojiacHM npe;i;cTaBHTL CBHjii'feTejiefi. 

TaKHMt o6pa30M'B, hsShthmi, BMtcTO 6ojiBHHixH, Kyji;a 6bi 
cji^jiiOBajio HeMeA-ieHHO oxnpaBHTB, npe;i;jiarajiH cnycTHTBca bhh^ 
Bi HiaTypH, Bt 3T0TI nHJibHHS afl;^ ci 35® acapH, h, cpeflin Tticaqj^ 
j^pyrnxt Boa^HKOBt, OTHCKaTb CBH^tTejia A6;^yJIa, y6'fe;i;HTB ero 6po- 
CHTB pa6oTy h haith ^aBaiB noKaaania wh y^acTOK'B. 

fl BHfflejii, He ji;oacH;iaacB Hcxo;i;a ;i;ijia: ohx eHJii aceHt. 

Jjia jiK)fl;e3 npHBHJierHpoBaHHMX'B Tpy;nHO hohhtb fieax 6ojrBmoro 
ycHJiia yMa, KaKie CTHMyjiH fljaroTt CHJiy acHTB ^eJiOB^Ky ci ;n;oJieH 
^ajiBaji;apa. 6*6 ero hchshh Hiii, — He roBopro o Kpacort, — HiTX na- 
MeKa Ha yji;o6cTBO, HiTi hokoh, a ecTB o;i;Ha nnmieTa, rpast h Hsny- 
penie; h ecjiH 6h ohi* yMijii CMOxpiTL Bnepe^t, to ne yBHA^Jit 6h 
nepejui co6oS HHKaKoro npocB'feTa. 

npH TaKoS cy;i;B6i HHsmaro pa6o^aro Hacejienia ^aiypx, a 
rjiaBHoe, npn tomi* OTHomemH Kt newy fiojite cHJiBHuxt KJiaccoBi, 
KOTopoe xapaKTepHsyeTCiT fl;ByMa cjioBaMH: sKcnjiyaTaiiiH h npe- 
spinie, — HOHflTHH h Hecy;n;HMH CTanoBJiTCff Kpaftnee neBiacecTBO ir 
fl;HK0CTB ero npaBOB-B. Jpana h y6iflcTB0, — ^B-fe Bemn, Seat koto- 
pHxi Tpyji;H0 6hjio 6h npe;n;cTaBHTB ^iaiypH. Ckojibko past, 6HBajio, 
jiOHHniBca cnaTB h yace Ha^HHaeniB 3a6HBaTLca chomi, KaK's Bfl;pyrb 
npo6yacjiiaeniLca oti 3ByKa BtiCTpi^Jia hjih ^nHKaro KpHKa, KaKt 6y;^T0 
Koro-TO pi^acyT'E. SaT^Mi, napymeHHoe 6e3MOJiBie ho^h B03CTaH0B- 
jiaeTca, ho THmnna KaaceTca acyTKofl... 9th 0T3ByKH HO^Hbixt ji;paMi 
roBopnan mh*, ^to qepHHa ho^h, naBHcaiomia Ha^i. MapranmoBBiMt 
AapcTBOM'B nocai SHoSnaro fl;Hff, TpeBoacHH h hb ;n;aK)T'L noaHaro 
OT^Hxa H3My^eHH0My ^liaTypcKOMy aK);i;y. HesAopoBtifi opraHHSMTb He 
MoaceTi,, o^eBHjiiHO, cnaTt 3;i;opoBLiM'L chomx. 


Cx Ttxi nopt, KaK'B ^iaTypaMH 3aBaaji;^ai „qyMa3BiH**, Mt- 
cTe^o 3T0 CTaao HeysHaeaeMo; 6Hao 6bi noaoacHTeatHO Myfl;peHO 
3arpa3HHTB ero Bt 6oaBniefl CTeneHH, ^i^mx aro c;i;taaaH rr. Map- 
raHi],enpoMHmaeHHHKH. UlapoKO noaB3yacL ]s^^'s. CBoero o6ora- 
ni;eHia py^jOHOCHofi 3eMaeft h Hapo^ijOJi'B, KOTopBifi ;i;aa hhxi 3a 
rpomt rneT-B cnnny, ohh BsaMint npoH3Boji;aT'B MHaaioHLi nyj^OBi 
MapraHn;a — ;i;aa EBponBi h Ky^H rpa3H — ^^^ ^iaTypi. ^paB;^a, 
caMMfl pojiix fl;tja, — ji;o6biqa MapraHi];oBo8 pyji;H, — TaKOBi, hto rpasL, 
B^pnte HHat, npn iiom'b HeH36tacBa. HuaB cnaoniB noKpnaa uicx- 
HOCTB, yHH^ToacHaa ho^th BcaKyio pacTETeaBHOCTB h naaoa^aaa na 
Bce KpyroMB Taace:iRft, Mpa^HHfl OTneqaTOKi. HpoTHBi no;i;o6Haro 
Bpara MapraHii,enpoMBimaeHHHKH fiescnaBHH, h, Kone^no, hhkto ne 
ynpeKHexi nxt bb stomb. Ho oji;Ha nnaB 6Haa 6h cb noaropa. Bi 
^iaTypax'B ecxB ropa3;^o 6oaie Bpe;i;Hbia h BOSMyTHTeaBHHa Bemn. 

Oj^na IT3B saM-fe^aTeaBBbixi oco6eHHOCTeg ^iaxypB saKaio^aeTca 



MAPrAHn.OBOB I^APCTBO. 25 

»i3i». %^'B TOM'B, ^TO Bt EHXTb 6ojibme cKOTa, ^^Mt Jijoji^ei, H noTOMy 6ojii>ine 
nm If KOHionieH'B, q^Mi bchkhx'e fl;pyrHxi nocTpoeKt. Ecjih 6m 3th ko- 

HiomHH 6mjih BHCTpoeHH He Bx ^epT* ^iaTypt, a bi OKpecxHO- 
\^ 61' cTflxt HJiH xoTff 6u Ha OKpaHHaxT., ecjiH 6h OHi 6hjih npocTopHH 
bcas H co;i;epasajiHCi> b% ^hctot* h nopaji;Ki, to He 6hjio 6h npH^HHBi 
i^is oco6eHHO acanoBaTBca na HHXt; ho bte* tomx h 6i;i;a, ^to maTypcKia 
I eiT KOHioinHH He tojilko ne yAOBJieiBopaBOTt hh o;i;HOMy h31 sthx^l 

ycjiOBifi, HO, naoSopoTi, npefl;cTaBJiffK)Tt hsi ce6a ^to-to 6e3o6pa3Hoe; 

Bci OHi cKOJio^eHH Ha jKHByK) pyKy nst TOHKaro xeca, Ha6HTLi 

fiHTKOMt aCHBOTHHMH H 3aBajieHH HaBOSOMt. HaBOSX, KOToparo Bl 

^iaxypaxt ^yxB jih ne ctojtbko ase, ckojebko Maprani^a, ne yMi- 
mancB Bi KOHioniHflxt, jieHCHT-B Bi Kyqaxi B03Jii HHxt; ero 3;n;'6cB 
HHKorfl;a ne bbiboshti h HHorfl;a tojibko aryT'B Bt KOCTpaxx; Be^e- 

POM-B Cpe^H MaCCH MaJieHBKHXl OrOHBKOBTB, KOTOpHMH paCI];B^^aK)TCJT 

"^iaxypH, ^acTO mojkho BHfl;iTB xaMi h csm'b 6ojiBmoe njiaMa xaKHxt 
^^^ KOCTpoBi... Jtjia' MapraHn;enpoMHmjieHHHKOB'B h noji;pa;i;^HKOB'B, ko- 
hb^ho, He Tafina, ^to nofl;o6HBia KOHiomHH naryfiHBi ji^jia 3ji;opoBBff 
Hacejienia, h t^mi ne Menie ohh najiBn;eM'B ne ji^betsljotl, ^to6bi. 
yHH^ToacHTb aTH 3apa3HHa rHi3;i;a h saMtHHTB hxx nocTpofiKaMH, 

fOia 6u CK0JIBK0-HH6y;^B CHOCHHMH Bt CaHHTapHOMl OTHomemH; 
npHXOJi;HTCfl TOJIBKO yfllHBJiaTBCJI, KaKl HMl CaMHMl He TOniHO orB 

Tofl yacacHofl rpasH, cpe^H KOTopoS hmi ace npExofliHTca mchtb h 
pa6oTaTB. 

OpnrHHajiBHocTB ^iaiypx ne HcqepnMBaeTCff, o;i;HaKO, o^h-^mh 
K0HH)niHfl[MH; flipyraa oco6eHHOCTB ex% saKJiio^aeTCfl b% tomx, ^to 
BX Hnxx ocjiaMi h jronia;i;aM'B 0Tji;aH0 pimHTOJiBHoe npe;i;H0^TeHie 
nepe;!;!* BOS^HKaMHi bte* canoMi ;i;^jii, ;ii;jia nepBBix'B, ^paB;^a o^eHB 
cKBepHBiff, HO Bce JKe ecTB HOMtmenifl, a ;a;jui BTopBixi cobc^mi 
HiTT> HHKaKHX'B. MapraHii;eHpoMBimjieHHHKH H no;n;pff;fl;^HKH, 6y;i;y^JH 
nocj['fe;iiOBaTejiBHH b-b cbohxte* BsrjiH^iiax'B na 'lajiBaji.ap'B, npe;i;ocTaB- 

JlSJOT'h KM1> CnaTB BMiCTt CO CKOTOMl BT* KOHIOniHiTX'B Ha HaBOSt. 

He y;i;HBHTejiBHO nocjii 3Toro, ^to 01% ^ajiBa^apa hjioxo naxneTx, 
H HanpacHO rr. MapraHi];enpoMHmjieHHHKH BHpaacaiOTi CBoe Hey;i;o- 
BOJiBCTBie no noBOjy 3Toro: „Biji;B, oti nero sa ji;ecaTB maroB-B 
HeceTi! — roBopHTi ohh cb rpHMacofi OTepan^eHia, — nycTHniB bi 

KOHTOpy Ha HHTB MKHyT-B, TaKl HOTOMt HjijIMfi ^aCB KOMHaTy HpO- 

B-fexpHBaTB Haji;o". Ho b^;i;b ne kto ;i;pyrofl, KaKi caMH ace npoMBini- 
jieHHHKH co3ji;ajiH MapraHi];oBoe n;apcTBo TaKHMt bohh)tihmi. O^hhx'b 
ceda HM'B H cji^;i;yeT'B 3a 3to bhhhtb. Y MapraHn;enpoMHniJieHHH- 
kob'b, Bnpo^eMi, xBaTHTX ;i;yxy ne corjiacHTBca cb 3thmi; ohh ro- 
tobbi yMBiTB pyKH BO Bcfei BTHxii 6e3o6pa3iflX'B uojs.'h TiMi npe^i- 
jioroMt, ^To HH KOHioinHH, HH cKOTi, HH 6ht'b *^aJiBa;i;ap'B coBep- 
nieHHO He nxo^jHTi. bi Kpyri hxi Bijii'feHm; co BciM^ bthmi HMtiOTi 
;i,^jio' hckjuo^htojibho no;a;paji,^HKH, na hhxi h soji3KHa na^aTB bch 

OTBiTCTBeHHOCTB. HOHSB^CTHO, HTO CKaSCyTl HOJ^pil^Ii^HKH, HO, Ha- 

BtpHoe, OHH 6yflyT'B KHBaxB Ha Maprann.enpoMBiniJieHHHKOB'B. 







26 pyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

B'B HiaTypaxi* HtTX hh Ofl;Hofl CTOJioBofi ;n;jia pa6o^HX'L, h Tpy;i;H 
611IJ10 6h cEcasaxb, qfeM'B h KaifB ohh ; nHTaBOTca; bm^cto ctojiobbix' 
ecTL rnfiejiB ^yxaHOBt, ct ;n;effleBHM'B bhhomx h CKsepHofi nnmefi^, •a't^ 
3;i;tci>, KaKt H noBCH)ji;y, napoAt ^thtx jifiEh cy66oTHifi h nocBffin.aeTX>^u^^ 
ero 6ory paaryjia; noaTOMy ;i;yxaHL[ TopryiorB 6oflKo; ohh cjiyacaxx - — 
^a pa6oHaro jiio^a M^CTOMt OT;i;Hxa h c6opa. Eni;e oni,yTHTejiLH4e 
^aeTL ce6ji snaTL oTcyTCTBie fiant bi ^aiypaxi; iipaB;i;a, TaKoe "^ 

HasBanie SAicL HOCHTt KaKo3-TO CTapHfi capafl, ho 3to, oqesHfliHO, 'B^"^' 
Heji;opa3yMiHie; uo Kpaflnefi M^pt, npn mh* bi 9tomi capafi cth- ^^^ 
pajia d-fejiLe ^lyTL jdlh He e;i;HHCTBeHHaa na bc* "^iaTypn npa^Ka, ho 
^To6!>i Korji;a jih6o B'B neMi mhjihcb, 061 stomi hhkto ne cJMxajix. < 

MapraHn;enpoMHmjieHHHKH cb n;ijiLio homhtbch napo^HO ^sj^srrb Bt 
KyTaHCB; ^to ace KacaeTca bos^hkobi, to no aAtanHMi. nonaTiaMt 
jx^jLsi BETh coBepnieHHO AOCTaTo^HO ptKH KBHpHjEr, KOTopaa H npe- 
;i;ocTaBJ[eHa Bt Hxt noJiHoe pacnopaseme. 9Ta piKa Bt ofin^eMt 
noxoaca na Bct ocTaJitHLia ropHwa p^^KH, ho npoTOKaa qepeax 
HiaxypH, OHa npiodpfeaeTi coBepnieHHO HCiuiio^HTejiBHiiia cBoScTBa; 
fliijio B'B TOMi», ^TO Ha ea ji,wk HOKOHTca Hspa^floe KOJiH^ecTBo Jioma- 
j^HHHX^B H ocjiHHHXt KOCTefi, a ocjiH HpoftTH BHHS'B HO ea xe^emK) 
caacenefi TpHCTa-qeTupecTa, to nenpeMtHHO yBH^HmL bx* neft ji;b4- 
Tpn nojiycKpHTMa BOflioft, pa3JiaraK)ni;iaca Tymn: B'B ^iaTypax'B otb 
HsnypHTejiBHofl pafioTH na;i;aeT'B Macca BBro^HLixi hchbothbix'b; bbi- 
B03HTL hxx 3a qepxy M-fecxe^Ka h 3aKanHBaTB — cjihhikom'b fl;jiHHHaa 
H xjionoxjiHBaa npoi];e;i;ypa, h acHxejiH ^acxeHBKO npaKXHKyiox'E 60- 
jAe npocxoft cnoco6x» — npaMO CTacKHBaKxt xpynH Bt KBHpnjiy; 
3A^cb OHH 3acxpeBaK)x^ B'B KaMHaxi H MejiiJieHHo paspymaioxca. B'B 
btoS xo ptKi qajiBa;i;apH Moioxca h Kynaioxi cbohx-b Jioniaji;efifr 

CBtaceMy ^lejioB^Ky Bce 3xo Bopoxnx'B ;^yniy, ho qiaxypn;H, t^ 
HH^ero, noo6xepn^jiHCB. 

][o nopti ji,o BpeMeHH Bce mjio no xoponreicy: kohiohthh sanoji- 
HajiHCB HaB030M'B, qajiBafl;apH cnajiH B'B KOHromHaxx, xymn jioma- 
^efi H ocJiOBx rHHjiH B'B KBHpHJi'fe, H HH^xo He cMymajio cob^cth 
rr. MapraHn;enpoMHnijieHHHKOB'B. HensBicxHO, fl;ojiro jih 6u ^po;^OJI- 
acaaca xaKofi nopaji;oK'B Bemefi, ne cjiyimcL o6cxoaxejiBcxBa, nany- 
raBHiaro ^iaiypi^eB'B h o6paxHBniaro na M%CTe^KO BHHManie npaBH- 
xejiBcxBa. 

9x0 inocajiiHoe o6cxoaTejiBCXBO 3aKJiK)qajiocB B'B xomi, ^xo ^aji- 
Ba^apH cxajiH yMHpaxB, KaK'B croBopHBniHCB h cb Heo6H^afiHofi 
nocntniHOcxBio: cerofl;Ha saxBopaji'B, a saBxpa ymep'B. Cna^ajia ne 
ofipamajiH BHHMania, ho hoxomi cxajiH 6oaxBca 3apa3Bi. Bo3HHKJia 
MHCJiB o HyMi H Ha no^B-fe cxpaxa cKopo BHpocjia B'B y6tac;aieHie. 

HiaxypcKifi spaqx., ci koxopbim'b a roBopazi na axy xeny, o6'b- 
acHaji'B 3ara^Ky noBHrnenHofl h 6Hcxpofi cmepxHOCXH HHa^e. 

— CKaacHxe, noacajiyficxa, 3xo, Koneqno, ne qyMa? — cnpocHJi'B 
a ero. 

— Kone^HO, nix'B, — oxb^xhji'b ohx. — Ecjih 6h ^lyna 3a6pajiacL 


MAPrAHUrtBOt; UAPCTBO. 37 

TH BOHWinHH, TO 3fl1lCl. T&R'h 6u CTaJH y«HpaTfc, 110 CKOpO HH 

flnofi AjniH He ocTOOCb 6u. 

TaKl- ITO 3te 3T0 TBROe? 

f _ BocnaJ«Hie JierKHxi. 

. „ ijf^eMy Me, — ysHBHJica ji, — jooab yMapaBn. TaKi fiucipo? 

I ajBCTCH, BOcnaaeHie aentHxi TflHexca cawoe MeHtmee 

/ uneS 'jj-j^^ BHjHTe jih, — noflCHHJii. aoKTopt, — ^ajiBajapi paSoiaeTt 

t j,oe^*HBefl BoaaoHtHOCTH, EOEa ero Aepacaii HorH; bi 6ojibHflity 

/ ^|)t flBJiflexca ci 40" TeMnepaTypir h repeat flesL-jipa oTjaero. 

/ pory nymy. H nHqero He nofltaaenib npn TaKHXi ycjioBiaxi! 

' BopiCy CB anBfleMieS saTpyasfljio Taiuce ofiHiHOe wb xaKKXi 

cjiynaaxi neaoBtpie Maccu Kb MeflHi(HHCKoB noMoma; Bnpo^eai., 

cnpasejJiHBOCTb TpeCyexi 3a«feTaTB, hto MiaTypcKoe o6mecTB0 

cfttaajio Bce otb Hero aaBHcamee, ttoCh sacTaBHTi. qajreaaapi 

cOMHtBaTtcH Bi ero ryHaHHOCTH; noaroMy ohh npesno^HTarori 

SoJitTt H yMHpaTt Ceat nocTopoHHeS nouon^H, y ceCst bi ko- 

flioniHJixi HJiH npocTO rflt-HHfiyjtL s-b Kyciaxi. OqeHt xopomo 

noMHK) TaKofi cjiyqafi: kslKt. to paai, coBepmeHHO cjiyqaSHO a no- 

najit Ha BCKpuiie. Bi CTopont ort npotsacefi floporn, aa poroatt 

jiexajo T^Jio Bos^HRa; j^Ba ((teJibAiiiepa bx qepHuxi □ep^aiKax't 

KonnmHJiHCB Hafli hhux ci HHCTpyMeHraaH, xyri ace finjii joKTopi; 

nooAaJtb CTOflJiH nojiHHegcKie <iHHOBHHaH b cxpasHEKH. H. nonome:!!. 

Kt HOKTopy H enpocHJii ero, ^o o6HapyacHBaeTX BCKpurie. 

— BocnajieHie jierKHxii! — oxBtTH;ii OHi. 

— Th* ate aamjiH xiJio"/ 

— A BOH-B TaMt, B-h Kycxaxi; ae Meatme isicsna npoaeataao 

BT. HHXX! ' 

JtficXBaTeJi&Ho, pagjoffieaie 6hjio aaciojiBKO CHJitaoe, ixo le- 
penaaa eoctb yate oSHaanjiaci.; sanaxi 6eijii jo xaKofi cieneBH 
HeBuaocHMi, 1X0 Bck, jaK6 DpHflu^HMg soKTOpi, CTOflJiH, samaBt 
HOC!. iS He Mon BujepsaTL 6oJibnie jByxi MHayri h yinejii. Bi 
3X0M1., BectMa o6HKB0BeaB0Ui HJia Miaxypi cjiyqai saojiyaKHBaexi 
BaHHaHifl TO o6cToaTejbCTBO, ito xtao npojieacaao bi Kycxaxi, Bt 
^icROShKwx-b caffienaxi otx npotaacefi flopora, hs Koxopofl vh yipa 
JO seqepa xoJutyTca JiioflB, naTt — mecTt ae^tijtb! Hiaxypi^H npoxo- 
^HJiH uHuo, ae cxapaacb oxucKEBaxB npHqaay cKsepaaro sanaxa, 
TaKii KaKi aaB'&pBoe jyaanH, ^to aio raieii ocejix hjjh Jioniajib. 

CxoycTaa HOJisa noflXBaxHia cjiyxi o ^jMi a soaecjia ero flo 
nerepSypra. 

TaKHKi ofipaaoa'B cjiy^HJiocb, ^to na Hiaxypu, rni Jirojia 6e3- 
npenaicTBeHHo KonoBiaJiacB no ropjio bi rpaaa, o6paTHJia saHMa- 
fiie cxoiana. 

Bujo npoH3Be;i;eHo cnei(iajibeoe neflHUHHCKOe aacjiijOBaaie lia- 
xypcKofi anaaeHiH. Mi&cxauA spaai ae oaiadca: ^ywa OKaaajiacb 
9BBfleMie3 BOcnajieHia aeritaxi ci floSasjieHieMi TBc(ia. 


■ '^"Srii*"'!^ 


\ 


28 PyCCKOB ^OrATOTBO. 

HiaTypB[Bi He cpaay noBi^pHjiH. JificTBHTejiLHO, najiio c^HTaTB 
c^acTjiHBOfi cjiy^afiHOCTLio, ^TO anH^eMiji flBUJiacL Bt "^iaiypH Bt 
$opMi BocnajieHia jierKHXt, a ne ^jmh hjih KaKoro-HH6yfl;L fl;pyroro 
onacHaro HH$eKiiiioHHaro 3a6ojii&BaHiji, 

nepBoe npe;i;ocTepeaieHie 6Hjro o^ghl mhjiocthbo. 

Bx o6m,eK'h HTori bc^xi. BOJiHemft, nopoacji;eHHHX'L mhhmoS ^y- 
Mo3, 6HJia BnojiH'fe peajiLnaa nojiB3a: ctohjio tojibko paai KonnyTB 
HaB03HyK) Ky^y, h bc^ ji;ojiro cephthh npejiecTH Hiaiypi ciajiH 
BHHJiHBaTb HapyjKy. 

Hs'B neTep6ypra Shjii. KOMaH;i;HpoBaHi Bt ^iaiypH hojikobhrki 
A. ei nopy^enieM'B npHBecTH hxi Bt HajiJieacamift BH^t h nopa- 
fl;oK'B; OHt npHHffJica aa ji;tjio aneprHiiHO. HeMe;i;jieHHO 6HJia ynnq- 
ToaceBa sna^HTejiLHaff ^acTt KOHJomeHt, np^ neM-B hobha sanpe- 
meno 6hjio cTpoHTb Bt ^epT^ ^iaTypi>. IlepBLiMi cjrfcji;cTBieM'B 3Toft 

MipH 6HJI0 TO, ^TO MHOrO BOB^HKOB'B yiBJIO H31 ^iaTypi KX BeJTH- 

^aflmeMy Hero;i;oBaHiio MaprannienpoMLiinjieHHHKOB'B. IIojikobhhk'b A 
oSpaiHJi'b BHHMaHie na iia;i;aioiii;ifi ckot'l: npn neM'B nepecxajiH 6po- 
caTB ero bi> KBHpHJiy h Ha^aJiH bhbo3htl hsi. ^iaiypt h 3aKanLi- 
BaxL. Ohi npHHffJii paj^i jtpyrHX'B Mipi* h saT^M-B yixajii. 

nojiKOBHHKi. A. ycni&jix nojioacHTL tojibko na^ajio ynopff;fl;oqe- 
Hiio "^iaiypi; ho ohh sarpasHeHti jio TaKoft CTeneHH, ^ixo SJia hxi 
o^HCTKH H nepejii^jiEH Hyaena He M'fecjT^Haa, a ;i;ojira5i h 6ojiLniafl[ 
pa6oTa. il yfeaji'b h31. ^iaiypi BCKop-fe nocjit onHcaHHHxt co6h- 
Tifi H He 3HaK), HacKOJiLKO ycH^jia n3M'feHHTLca HXT, $H3i0H0MiH; ;i;y- 
MaeTca, oji;HaKO, ^to ne jthhihhm'l 6hijn> 6bi h Biopoft BHSHTt noji- 

KOBHHKa A. 

, ^iaTypBi o;a;HHi Hst xaKHXt i^eHTpoB^b, KOTopne tojibko npH ca- 
MOMi* 6^HTejiLH0Mi H HeycTaHHOM'L Haj^sopi^ MoryTX He npe^iCTaBJiaTB 
onacHOCTH pacnpocTpaHeniir sapasH h anH^eMift. yaci oqens Majio 
ji;oB^piii BHymaioT'B kte* cBoeft ^hctohjiothocth rr. MapraHi];enpoMHni- 

JieHHHKH. 

lIojiKOBHHKt A., yifeaacan, j^ojiacent 6biji'b 6jiaroji;apHTi, oji;Horo 
noMOH^HHKa Bt cBoefi AiaxejiBHOCTH no o^hcte'I ^iaiypt: TaKOBtiMt 
iiBHJica noacapt. 

O^Haacji;H ho^bk) MeHH pa36y^HJiH, qTo6Bi nocMOip'feTB na ropiB- 
miff ^iaxypH. fl BLimejii na Teppacy h yBHji;ijix BejiHKOJi^HHoe 
spiJiHme. BHH3y, Bt yni;ejiLH, 6hjio paBJiHTO Mope njiaMeHH. OroHt 
6pocajiT. ^aHTacTH^ecKiS 0T6jiecKt na OKpy^Kaiomiff yni;ejiBe ^epHBia 
ropH H oipaacajicH orpoMHHM'B BapeBOMi bi He6'fe; ji^RJihrne TBMa 
CMBiKajiacB eme ryme h nenporjiiiji.H'fee. Ha nepxt ji;ohochjihcb kphkh, 
myM^, TpecKt... oT^eTJiHBO bej^h^jihcb CHjiysTH cyeTHBHiHxca 6e3no- 
jie3H0 JiH);i;eH. OcBi^ni;eHHaii nonapoMi p^Ka xeEJia, KaKt pacnjiaB- 
jieHHHH MeiajiJi'B; na HefiojimroMt ocTpoBKi bh;i;hbi 6hjih t^cho 
CTOJinHBHiiacH Bt Kyqy hhbothhh: ofohl BLirHajit hxi nst eohio- 
moH'B, H OHH cnacjiHCL HOcpeAH ptEH. Hoacap'B ji^Jinjicsi bck) ho^t>. 
Ha yipo ^iaTypu hm^jih 3;pyrofl bh^x: na sHa^HTeJiBHofl njioin,a;n[.Ti 




i 


\ 


1 


MAPFAHI^OBOE II;APCTB0. 29 

oroHL HcxpeSHJi'L KOHioinHH, Ha M-i&CTi KOTopHXt TenepL 6HJia rpyfl;a 
TjitomEXca pasBajiBHt. 


B-L fl;HH 6ojiLfflofi npieMKH pyfl,Bi MHi ^lacTO npnxo^iiHJiocL fl;eacy- 
pHTL „Ha B'kcdiX'h", rji.'fe ee BSBiniHBajiH h rpysHJiH na njiaT$opMy. 

FjiaBHHMt j^iaxejieMi 3;i,^cb asjiajica BicoBmHK't Ho3 MecxH, 
BHCOKifi pwaciS rpysHH'B, cjiLiBmifi Bt ^iaTypax'L 3a 6ojiBffloro 
xpa6peAa; 6jiaro;n;apa TaKofi penyiai^iH, nojifsiji^miKE onacajmcL ot 
HHM'B ccopHTBCff, H Ha HaHiHX'L B^cax'E BpeMs npoxoji,Hjro cpaBHH- 

TeJILHO MHpHO. 

TojiBKo qxo npHDiJia napxia jioma;a;efl. ^epHHft, KaK-L xpydo^iHCxi, 
^ajiBa^apt ycxanaBJiHBaexi hxt> Ha nJiontafliK^ B^coBt. 

— PaKt KBia? *) — aaj^aext MecxH oCtiqHHfl BonpocL. 

— Jaca^apx, — xpHnnxt bos^hk'b. 
CeKyH;i;a-;i;Bt, h Jioma^H B3BtoaHLi. 

— IJaOT! **) — KopoxKO KOManjiiyexx MecxH. 

Jlonia;i;H npaMO ex BicoBi. c% xpy^iiOMt /B36HpaH)xca na Kpyxyio 
"V rpy;i;y Mapranuia. HajiBaffap'L npn noMOffl,H njie^ia h pyKX onpoKH- 

/ fl,HBaeXX BLK)KH H BHXpflXHBaeXt H3T> HHXX py^y*, SaxtM'B OE'h KJia- 

SCTi HXi Ha CHHHy jioniaji.aM'L, ca;i;HxcH na o^iiHy h3'b hexx h CHOBa 
oxnpaBjiaexca na py^HHKH. 

Ha noBopox^ ji;oporH, Hst-sa rpyfl;M MapraHi],a noKasHBaexca ne- 
pe;i;oBofl oceji'B, a 3a hhmt> BHji;BHraexca, KaK'b EaKoe-TO boScko, 
U-fejioe cxaji;o h Mefl,JieHHo no;i;BHraexca k-l BicaMt. Mecxn cmo- 
TpHxt Ha HHX'L Heo;i;o6pHxejii>Ho: ohi» ne jhoShx-b ocjiob-b, xaKx KaKx 
ycxaHOBHXL Hxx* Ha njion];aji,Ky b^cobx ropasjijo xjionoxjiHBie, ^^M'h 
jioma^eS; qajiBa;i;apH xanyxx nxx 3a ymn, KpH^iax'L h ycep^^HO na- 
rpaacj^aioxt HHHKaMH. Ho Boxt, ohh ycxanoBJieHH, h MecxH, nojitsyacB 
MOMenxoM'L, fibicxpo nepeBo;i;HXT> najiLn;eM'b rnpKy B-fecoBt. 

— IfajiiH! — KHfl;aex'L ohi qajiBa^apy, h xoxt roHHXt ocjiobx Ha 
njiax^opMy. 

Ha rpyji,i Maprani^a n.apcxByex'L rpysHHt Maxa; ero jsjkjio 3aiuiK)- 
^aexca b-l Ha^3opi 3a npaBHJiBHofl CBajiKoft pyji;H h Bt ea 6paK0- 
BaniH BTB cjiyqai^ Heji,o6poKaqecxBeHHOCXH. Bxoxt Max3 — 3a6aBHaa 
jiHqHOcxL. Eorfl;a npieMKH Majio, OHt nonypo cxohxi. na BepmuH'fe 
rpyfl;M; ^^ijiaxB eMy neqerci, h oxi, cKyKH $H3ioHOMia ero cb ;i;jihh- 
HBiMt HOcoMt npHHHMaext y6Hxoe Btipaaceme. Ho nyjKHO ero bh- 
ja;ifexB, Korji,a no;^B03t aejiHEt h Kor;n;a rpyji;H MapraHn;a nenpepHBHo 
mxypMyroxca nofl,x npefljBOjiiHxejLCXBOM'B ^epHHXB ^ajiBaji.ap'B dj^jibimh 
' BoflcKaMH ocjiOBt H jioHia^eH. Tor^? Maxa npHxojiiHXT> bb Heo6H- 
^aSnoe j^BaaceHie; 6631. manKH, cb KpacHHMt h hothhmb jxhi^om-l, 
OHi*, KaKi j^yxB, HOCHxca na^B MapraHH;eMB, npooxnpaa najiKy, py- 


*) IIo pyccKH: KaK-B soByrb? 
V **) CTynafi! 


30 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

rancb h i^pHq[a ^o nojiHaro HSHeMoaceHia; k'b KOHity TaKoro ^na OHt 
TepaeTt rojiocB h MoaceTt roBopHTb jiheib xpnajrHMt monoTOMt, 
HO 3a TO ji;oBOJieHi>. 

Ilocjii fl;ocTaTO^Haro KOJiH»iecTBa pyraHH h tojikothh npHHeceE- 
HHfl napiieft Map^aHe^'L BBirpyaceni., h ocjih b-l 6e3nopa;i;Kt cnoji- 
3aiOTT» CI, rpy^w bhh3i,, orjiamaa B03jiiyxT> cbohm'b HenprnTEHMt 
KpHKOMt. HiaTypcKie ocjih HMtioTt Kpafine acajiKifi bh;i;t>: mejio- 
pocjifcie, xy;a;Bie, ct> BUTepToft mepcxBio, Hepifl;K0 OKpoBaBJieHHHe. 
Kt> aTHMi, 6e3o6HAHiJMi, H nojiesHHM'E acHBOTHHMi Mi^CTHoe nacejie- 

Hie OTfiOCHTCa CE KaKOfi-TO CTpaHHOt HeJIK)60BBK) H 6pe3rJIHBOCTBK); 

o6pain;aK)Tca cb hhmh acecTOKo; najiBa^apH, b% buji^^ noHyKama, ko- 

JlJOT% HXTb fflHJIOMl. HJIH ^^M^y HH6yji;B OCTpHMt, HOpOBfl HOnaCTB Bl 

caMHa ^yBCTBHTejiBHHa MtcTa: bi rojiOBy, hchbot'l, nreio. FpysHHy 
^^ocTaBJiaeTi y;i;oBJiBCTBie pisaTB hm-l yniH h 6htb najiKofi. Bi npo- 
THBonojioacHOCTB ocjiaM-L, jioinaj^H 3fl;icB bi, 6ojiLfflOMi no^eTt; ^ajiBa- 
;^apM JD06SITL Hx-L H, nacKOJiLKO nosBOJiaeTi HyjK^a, 6eperyrB h yxa- 
}KHBaK)TT> 3a hhmh; axa jik)6obl Kt jioniaji;aM'L nepijiiKO o6jieKaeTca y 

HHXt B-L HaHBHHa H TpOraTeJEBHBia $OpMH: ^aCTO MOaCHO BEJii^Th, 

KaKt r|)a3HHfi, oSopBaHHtift TiaJiBa;i;ap'L Bej^eTt jromavHB, yKpameHHyK) 
DiBiTaMH, — o6HKHOBeHHO, BHJieTeHHHM'L'B'B rpHBy KpaCHHMl MaKOM^b; 
HHor;i,a BMicTO i^BiTOB'B jioinafl;H yBimaHH MHoacecTBOMi, 6y6eH^H- 
KOBi>, 6ycaMH h TOMy. noji,o6HHMH yKpanieHiaMH, T^fflain;HMH nesa- 
tMjihbh8 BKyct qajiBa^apa; ho ctohtx cnaTt cb bthx^ jionxavHefi 
BbK)KH, H no^t HHMH ofiHKHOBeHHO ofiHapyatHBaoTca cTepxaa b% 

KpOBB CHHHa: 3T0 aBJiaBTCa HeH36teHHM'B CJlij^CTBieMt BBio^Haro 

cnoco6a nepoBosKH. 

BoJiLHiaa napTia ocjiob-l yxo;i;HTT>. HacTaeTi, nepepBiB-B. MecxH 
OTKJiaAHBaeT^b bx CTopoHy c^ieTH h sanncHyK) KHHacKy, jnocxaeTt 
rpysHHCKifi poMaHi> h npHHHMaeTca 3a wienie. H ovb ne^ero intJiaTB 
Ha6jiioAaK) acHSHL cocfeji.HHxi njiaT^opnt; xaiit to ace caMoe, ^to 
H y Hact; okojio o^Hofi H31 ni^Tb KonomaTca fl;Ba qajiBa^iiapa: ohh 
3aHaTH nepeHOCKofl Ha njiai^opMy CBajieHnaro okojio BtcoBi iiap- 
rani^a; oj^HHt H3t hhxtb MaJieHBKifi h KopenacTHfl, fl;pyro8 — bhcokIh, 
TOin;iS CTapHK'B; nacHnaBx Mi^moKi py^ofi, oh^ o6xBaTHBaeT'B ero 
;i;jiHHHHMH, KOCTJiaBHMH pyKaMH, HanparaeTca h30 Bcix'E chji'b h 
B3BajiHBaeT'B ero na cnnny TOBapnmy; Kaac^aS pa3'b nocjii 9Toft 
o^epa^iH, ohx ^ojiro ne MoaceT'L OTji,HinaTBca. 9to, o^eBHfl,HO, 6ojib- 
Hoft qejiOB^Kt; BHpaacenie jiHn;a thhhiiho ^Jia ^ajiBafl;apa: qrepnoe 
OTi, Maprani^a, ct> 3aneRniHMHca ry6aMH h BOcnajieHHHMH EpacHHMH 
rjia3aMH; na neMt Tpy;i;HO iiT0-HH6y;i;B npo^ecTt, KpoMt cTpa;i;aHm. 
Bt H-fecKoaBKHXt caacenax'E otx naniea njiaT$opMH khhht^ acejit3H0- 
;i;opoacHaa acH3HB: 6e3npepHBHO MaHeBpnpyiOT^ TOBapnHe no^3ji;a, 
HarpyaceHHHe MapraHneM-L, H3Bepraa KJiySH ^lepnaro, BOHio^aro jifima,. 

noji^eHB. HeBBTHOCHMo acapKO H AyniHO. rpoMa;i;HHa Ky^H ^ep- 
naro MeTaJuin^ecKaro aiaprani^a, naKajieHHBia coJinnjeMt, ycHjiHBaioT'B 
acapy. Bo3ji,yxT> HacBimeni i^^^KHMx 3anaxoM'L nanosa h Ma3yTa, ko- 


MAPIAHI^OBOE ItAPCTBO. 31 

TopHMi d^ich OTanjiHBaioTCff napoB03Bi. Hflor;i;a no ymejitio npoxo- 
jiflTb B^Tep^b H no^iiHEMaeTL o6jiaKa MapraHii;oBofl hhjih; ona npoHH- 
KaeTE H Bi 6y;i;Ky npH B^caxi, cneniiajiBHO BHCTpoeHHyro ji,jlsi 3a* 
mHTH 01% nea, jriaexi. bi* rjiaaa, hocb, yinn; otb Hea nenpiaTHO 
TaneTi Koacy JiHi^a n coxneTt bo pTy. 

Okojio B^coBi jreacaTi h 6po;i;aT^ noffpff;i;iiHKH cb cohhhmh, cKy- 
qaH)m,HMH $H3i0H0MiaMH; OHH BceniiJio OT;i;aK)Tca ji^hh, TaK'b KaKt 
sanaTia y nnxt h^tx HHKaKoro, pasB* HHor;i,a npejiiCTaBHTca cjiy^afl 
nHyxB Horofl no;i;BepflyBmaroca ocjia hjih ct> pa3Maxy yji;apHTL ero 
naj[Ko3; Korjca npHxo;i;HTi Jix% napxia^ ohh h^ceojileo o^HBJiaioTca; 
BTO sacTaBJiaeT'B hxt> BCTaxt h noAoflxn Et MecxH, Tro6H cjit^HTB 
3a nponie^ypofi B3B*niHBaHia py^n; saxtMi, nocTaBHBi bi hghmo- 
Btpno rpasHpo 3anHCHyK) EHHacEy HyasHHa h;h$ph, ohh CHOBa norpy- 
acaiOTca b-b 6e3fl;iftcTBie. 

Oeojio naTH ^acoBt nonojiy;i;HH ;i;iaTejiLHOCTB na B'fecax'B 3aTH- 
xaeTt. npaxofliaTt nocji^j^nia ipn jiom£t;i;H; hx-b npHBeji'L iiajiBa;n;api 
XaMsa; 3Toro Boa^iHKa a otjih^ho 3HaK) h BH;i;'fejiHJi'B h31 cpe^Bi 
Bcfext ocTajiBHHX'L, EaEi npiaTHoe h pi^Koe HCEJiro^enie: ohb 3;i;o- 
po^'L H BeceJiT»; h jiomSij^L y Hero, Eas'B h ohi. caMi, sp^nEia h 
cHjiBHHa; XaM3a pasyEpacHJii Hxt na cjiany, a Ofl;Hofl h3t> khxi oht, 
noB^CHJiTB Ha rpyfl;B cobc^m-b oco6eHHoe yEpameme — 6jiecTani;iS h 
HCEpani;ifica no^;!* apEHMH jiy^aMH cojiHua oceojioe'b 3epEajia. 

— 3;^paBCTByH, XaMsa! — roBopio a eny. 

^ajiBa;i;api mnpoEO yjiMdaexca. XaM3a, XaM3a, — oTB-feqaexTt ohx, 
He HOHaBTb pyccEaro npHBixcTBia h ;i;yMaa, ^to eMy 3a;n;afi)T'B o6bi'i- 

HHfl BOnpOCL 06'h HMeHH. 

Ho BOTi H jioniaji;H XansH B3B*niaHH; MecxH Buxo^Jinrt hsx 
6y;i;EH H saEpHBaeTB b^ch. IIpieMEa EOH^ena, h a cntay ji;omoh. 

Ct TeppacH fl,OMa gpe3BHHaflH0 y;i;o6Ho cjil^jijsnh 3a BceS ffi;H3HBK) 
^iaxypi. Meac;i;y naTLio h niecTBH) ^lacaMH pa6ogifl ;i;eHB saTHxaeiB. 
Ho HafiepeacHofi j^BnraioTca jehhib 0Tfl;4jiBH£ia, 3ano3fl;ajiHa napxiH ci 
nocji4;a;HHM'B rpysoM'B; cnjiomHofi ryjix ^peEpa^^aeTca, xenepB oxqeT- 

JIHBO CJIHinHH OT;i;tJIBHHe 3ByEH: CB npOTHBOnOJIOaCHOft CTOpOHBI AO- 

HOcaTca pi3Eie cbhcteh jioeomothbob'b, cji^Ba rpoxo^exi Tpy6a 
nanacBe, cnycEaa bhhsi pyfl;y. B'b pfei njieni;yTca, Moa cbohxi 
jiomafl;efl, ^ajiBa^apH. Bfl;ajiH noEasLiBaeTca naccajKHpcEifl noi3jiii.; 
9T0 iiacTB c6opa Ha BOEsaji^ Bcero ^iaxypcEaro o6ni,ecTBa; CK)fl,a pn- 

CEyiOTB BHJljTH Jl^Q^RQ M^&CTHHa J[,B,UU — aCOHH aCGJl'feSHOAOpOJKHBIX'B CJiy- 

acaDi.HX'B, EOTopHa ;i;HeMT> npa^iyTca ot'b hhjih no XoMaMi. 

lOacHaa ho^b Haji;BHraeTca 6HCTpo, ho ona ne npHHOCHT'B 3;i;icB 
npoxjia^iIBi: atap^ cnajii, ho Bosjaiyxi Taatejix h fl;ynieH'B: cEy^ennaa 
Macca EOHioHieH'B ct rpoMa^HHMi EOJiHHecTBOM'B rniioniiaro nanosa — 
HeHCToni;HMBift hcto^hhex 3JiOBOHia. Cb HacTynjienieMB xeMHOTH bb 
yni;ejiBi noBcro^y saacnraioTca ornn: M^cxaMH bh;i;hh nsuiaion^ie 
koctph; fl;yxaHH nanojiHaioTca nomafianiHBniHMH pafio^HMH; na^H- 


32 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

HaeTca Ho^iHaH hchshl; ne CMOTp^ na ycxaJiocTB ^hs, ^iaxypH aacti- 
naioTt no3ji;HO. 

BcflKifi, KTO npitaacaeT'L b'b ^iaxypH, ho ne ji;iJiaeTca caMi 
MapraHn;enpoMHinjieHHHKOM'B h He oKynaeTca ce rojioBofi b% HHTe- 
pecH MapraHi^oearo ;fl;tjia, nenpeM^HHO ^ojuKent HcnHxaxB ^lyBcxBo 
ofl^HO^ecxBa, HpH^HHy axoro flBjiema na^o HCKaxt Bt ocofieHHOMt 
cKJia^i M^cxHaro o6jii;ecxBa; 3xo o6ni;ecxBO o^ghl CMimaHHoe: BepxH 
ero cocxaBjiflioxi Kpynnne npoMmnjieHHHKH, KopojiH MapraHii;oBaro 
j^^jia, Bopo^iaiomie coxnaMH xhca^'l; hhbh cocxoaxi H3t jiH^HOcxefi, 
iiOA^act xeMHUxt, poj^t saHflxifl Koxopwx'L xpy^HO no^aexca onpe- 
A'fejieHiK); OHH cxeKJiHCL cjoji^SL CB pasHHXB KOHi],OBx B'B Ha^eacfl^ JIO- 

BHXB pH6y Bt MyXHOfi BOSH'S ranpOKOfi npOMHCJIOBOS 3KH3HH. Ho He 

CMoxpff Ha 3xy CMimaHHOCxB, qiaxypcKoe o6^^ecxBO, B'B cyniHocxH, 
MpesBH^afiHO ofl;Hopo^Ho; oxji;^JiLHHa e^HHHn;H ero, bshxhs bm^ct^, 
npe^cxaBJiaiorB H'feqxo o^eHB i^-fejiBHoe h xapalKxepnoe; ont cbji- 
3aHH Meac;i;y co6oh) 3aMtqaxejiLH0 npo^ntiMi n.eMenxoM'B — hojihok) 
o6ni;HocxBio HHtepecoBt. OcHOBa, cymnocxB aKH3HH Bcfet 6e3'B hckjik}- 
^eHia iiiaxypi^eB'L 3aKJiiOHaexca B'B MapraHii;oBOMT> ^tjit; ohh cocpe- 
ji.oxonHJiH Ha HeM-B Bcfe CBOH cHJiLi 6e3'h ocxaxKa, OHO — Exx* idee 
fixe, H BecB ocxajiBHofl Mip'B, noaxoMy, ;i;jia hhxb o;i;ho nycxoe Mifecxo. 
IIpoxo;i;a no ^iaxypaMTb, bhj^hhib xojibko Mapranen.^ h cjiBunnniB 
pa3roBopBi HCKJiio^HxejiBHo HeMt. Kor;i;a nHxaeniBca caMX* saroBO- 
pnxB CE iiiaxypi^eMB o iieM'B-HH6yji;B nocxopoHHeM'B, xo nenpeM^HHO 
jioBHniB Ha ce6'fe ero pasci&aHHHfl h ox^yac^^eHHBifi bsoa^'b, h Bam 

CXaHOBHXCa aCHO, ^XO OHl CJiyHiaeXTB xojibko WSTy B^aCJIHBOCXH H 

Boxx-Boxi. nepeBejiiexB pi^B na oeH^nyjo xewy o ctni^ na ny^Tb, o 
njiax$opMaxi. h xoMy no^odnHxi* Bemaxx, 6j[H3Khxx> cep^y Kaac- 
aaro MapraHDienpoMuniJieHHHKa. 

^iaxypH A noxojKH na KaKoe-xo 3aKOJi3;oBaHHoe m^cxo; BOKpyr'B 
HHxt KaKi 6y;i,xo o^iep^eHi. B0Jime6HHfl Kpyrt, btb npe;i,ifejiH koxo- 
paro He HMiioxx, ;i;ocxyna HHKaEie oxfojiockh OKpyacaiomeS acHSHH. 
A Meac^y xiMB, KaKi past B'B xo BpoMa, Kor^a a 6hiji'b xaMi., Beet 
Mipt^ BOJiHOsajiH co6Bixia rpoMa;i;HOH BaJKHOcxH. TpancBaajiBCKaa 
BOHHa 6Brjia B'B pasrap-fe; ona ne npHHajia eni;e xpoHH^ecKaro xa- 
paKxepa h He ycnijia noxepaxB HHxepeca hobhshh; 3a neft noBCio^y 
cjit^HJiH jiHxopaji,oiiHo; HHxepecB rasexHLix'B cooSmenifi BBipocB Bji;Boe; 
noaxoMy HeMyji;peHO, ^xo, npi'fexaB'B B'B "^iaxypw npano HSt Ilexep- 
6ypra, r;i;i npo 3xy Bofiny snajit h xojiKOBaji'B BcaKifi JiaBO^HHK'B h 
H3B03imKx, a 6hjix> Kpaflne uopaac^HX) x^m'b nojrHHMt paBHOfl;yniieM'B, 
CB KaKHM'B K'B Hefl oxHOCHJiocB M-i&cxHoe ofinijecxBo; ^xenie rasex'B He 
BXOOTXB B'B npHBH^KH maxypii;eB'B; b'b m^cxhhxb opranax-B ne^axH 

OHH UpO^HXHBaiOXB XOJIBKO XO, ^XO HMiOX'B HeHOcpejucxBeHHoe oxho- 

menie K'B cocxoaniK) psiHKa h MaprannoBOMy A^Jijy h noxoMy cM-fejio 
M03KH0 cKa3axB, ^ixo OHH SHaioxB 6ypax'B pasB-fe HeMHoro 6oji'fee, 
qtMB acHxejiaxB na Mapcfe. 3a ;i;Ba M4cai];a Bcero oji,Haayi,Bi MH-fe 


MAPPAHIliOBOE D,APCTBO. 33 

j^BinoGh cjiHinaTB cyac^enie o hhx'l: fioraTHfl MapranuenpoMHiujieH- 
BHKt acajiOBajica mh^ Ha Tpyji;HOCTH MapraHi;oBaro in^Jia. 

— Bcife fliyMaiOTTB, — roBopHJi* OHt, — ^tombi s^^cb sarpefiaeMi 30- 
jiOTO jionaxaMH, a Meac3;y t^mx, uojioaca pyKy Ha cepwe, sl sa- 
Tpy^HHjica 6u otb^thtb, BHrofl;HO name jajhjio hjih h^ti; HanpHMip'B, 
Bi* 3T0MX rosy oho nojioacHxejiBHo HeBHro;i;Ho. 

— KaKia ace npH^HHH? — cnpocM'B a. 

— npH^iHH'B M^oro, jiia BOTt, 3TH 6ypH Gjn,e ciajiH HaM^ no- 
nepeK'B ropjia! Bbi y^HBJiaeTecB? — saM^THJii ohi Moe Hefl;oyMiHie, — 
TyT'B jijhjLO o^eHB npocTo: ho^th Bct anrjiiflcKiff cy^a sanaTBi TenepB 
3ToS BOHHofi, H $paxTX HenoM^pHO Bs^opoacajL'B. 

He y^HBHTejiBHo jih, ^ito h na axy Boflny Maprani^enpoMBinrjieH- 
HEKi» yMyja;pHjica hocmotp^tb HCKJiro^HTejiBHo ex to^kh^ ap^nia 
MapraHn,a? H TaKoe OTHomeHie BCTpiqaeniB b-b Hiaiypax^ ko 
BceMy. 

K'B TOMy ace BpeMeHH othochtcs na^ajio HSBicTHBEXi coduTifi 

Bl> KHTa^; H 8TH COfiMTia, KOTOpHff TpeBOHtEJIH BCH) EfipOHy, OKasaJIHCB 

He Bi) cHJiax'B noKOJie6aTB ycToS^HBHt HHji;H$$epeHTH3M'B TiiaTypcKaro 
©6iD,ecTBa. BoHHa Ha JtajBHeMi. Boctok* He BHSBajia b-b ^iai^pax^B 
HB TOJiBKO HHKaKoro o6M^Ha MH^Hifi, HO ^ijasce He c;a,^JiajiacB npe^,- 
MBTOMt HapeKamfi, a 3x0 o^eHB BajKHHfi chmhtomx., xaK'B KaKi 
MapraHi^enpoMHHiJieHHHKH jhoSatb npniTHCBEBaTB Bci cboh Hey;i;a^H 

jtfiCTBiK) HesaBHCamHXT, OTX HHXl d6cT0aTeJIBCTB'B, H eCJIH OHH He 

6paHHJiH KHTafii^eB-B, KaKi, 6paHHJiH 6ypoBX, to, SHa^HT^, nepBHii 
OHH ;n,yMaj[iH eme MeHBme, h^m'b BTopwxB. 

BjiiaHie MapraHn;oBofi npoMHnrjieHHOCTH na H^icejienie "^iaxypi, 
^tjiaromee ero ;i;yxoBHyio jkhshb TaKofl HCKJiioiiHTejiBHOfi h y6oroH, 
MoacHO OTHecTH K'B HBJieHiflM'B rHHHOBa. Cnjia 9Toro cBoeo6pa3Haro 
MapraHii;oBaro rnnflosa oco6eHHO ne^ajiBHO cKasBiBaeTca na neMHO- 
THXi HHTejiJiHreHTHBix'B npe^ijCTaBHTejiax'B M^cxnaro oOniiecTBa; ohh 
npHcacBieaioTca bc^^m'b cbohmx cymecxBOM'B kx rpy6oMy Maprani^o- 

BOJiy J^iBJiy H BCKOpt H3M^HflK)XCa ^0 HeySHaBaeMOCTH, OXCXaiOTTb OTl 

JiyqniHX'B npHBBiiieKX oSpasoBaHnHXi jiH)ji,efi, ne ji;oxporHBaK)xca hh 
M,o o^Hoft khhth h rasexBi, ji;^jiaH)Tca ^yacji;B[ bchkoS H;i;eHHoft pa- 

§OTi, XaKX ^TO OX'B BCeft HTh 06pa30BaHH0CXH BI* KOHH;t KOHDiOB'B 

ocxaexca oj^hhb jj.hhjiom'b. SCajB bhs^tb, ^to ji;aace jiio^h bhcokoS 
KyjiBxypH, nona;a;aH bb MapraHii.OBoe n;apcxBo, 6HBaK)Ti ne bi ch- 
jiaxT* BHecxH BB gy}KOM MOHacTEipB cBofi ycxasB, a nanpoTHB'B, 

npHHHMaiOTi M^CTHBlft II,iJIHKOMB H HO^TH 6ed% BCHKOfi KpBTHKH. 

TaKOBBi jiyqniie jioah bb ^iaxypaxi, ocxajiBHBie, cocxaBjiaioni;ie 
^ojiBniHHCTBO, CToaxi eme ropasjiio nnace. Hiaxypi^Bi 6oJihmie XHm;- 
hhkh; Bii Hx-B BsaHMnHxi oxHomeHiax-B HMtoxx» CHJiy hckjiio^h- 
xejiBHO cooSpaacenia jih^hoh BBiro^JiH, acejanie noexponxB cboh) 
y^aqy na Heyji;aq^ ^pyroro; 3T0 — cneKyjaHTBi, 6oan^ieca „npony- 
CTHXB MOMeHTXi", y EOTopHX'B ;a;ijiOBHTocxB nepeniJia bx cyxocxB, 

OCTOpOKHOCXB — BB HO^liOBpHXeaBHOCXB; HOCa^^Haa, BnpO^eMB, HM^eTT» 
^ -i. OT^ijii> I!. 3 


34 PyCCKOB BOrATOTBO. 

cBoft raison d'etre; BcaKifl: hobh'iok:^ bi Map^aH^OBOM'B jiiJi^ hbhs- 
6'feacHO, ynoTpeSjiaa MicTHyio TepMHHOjioriio, „nocTynaeT'B bt> nayKy", 
KOTopaa sa^acxyK) o6xoAHTCfl o^eHB fl;oporo, h hhkto ne MoaceTi> 
noxBacTaxBca, ^to caM^b yq:HJlT>, ho y^ent ne ow.ii. KpaTKO roBopa, 
B:b ^iaxypaxt 6oji^e, ^tMi r;i;t jih6o, homo homini lupus. 

JlJByxi M'fecan;eB'B acH3HH Bt HiaTypaxi OKaaajiocL coBepmeHHO 
ji;0B0JiLH0, ^to6h ^eiajiBHO no3HaKOMHTLca ct JuapraHUiOBHMt npo- 
MHCJiOM'L H ero npe;i;cTaBHTejiaMH. Kor;i;a, flaKOHeEti, a ctjiB b-b 
TOTB ace saroH^HKB ^liaxypcKaro no^sj^a,, bi KOTopoMi, npiixaji'B 
cK)fl;a, HO CB rfeMB yace, ^to6bl c^tjiaTB KaKX pasB o6paTHoe, t. e, 
ocxaBHTB "^iaxypBE, a HCUBixaJi'B ^lyBCXBO rpoMaji;Haro o6jierH:eHia, 
xo^B-Bi-xo%, KaKi nejiOB^K'B, AOJixo npodHBEiiS BB yfl;yniJiHBofl axMO- 
c^ept H, HaKoneu.'B, BupBaBminca na CBimiS BOs^yx'B. BB[fi;i;a Ha 
oxKpLixyK) njioni,a;i;Ky Barona, a CMOxpi^'B, KaK-B nocxeneHHo ^ia- 
xypM oxofl;BHrajiHCB B;i;ajiB; BCKopt ont coBepmeHHo noxonyjiH b-b 
xeMHOxi 6HCxpo Hafl;BHraBniefica ho^h, HMajieHBKifi no'fes^i.'B, CKpana 
H Ka^aacB na sanopoxax-B, 6'feacaji'B no ymiejiBK), cacaxoMy bb rpo- 
mo3;i;khxb ropaxi), cjiHBniHxca cb xaoxniecKofi Maccofi ho^hbix'b 
o6j[a^B'B. Hacj[aac;];aacB, kslk% pocKomBio, ^hcxhm'b B03j9;yxoM'B, o 
KOXopoMx BB Hiaxypax-B MoacHO 6hjio tojibko Me^ixaxB, a nepe6H- 
paji-B BB yjiit BHHeceHHHa hsx* MapraaniOBaro EtapcxBa Bue^axjiiHia 
H HeBOJiBHO cpaBHEBajix nepBoe h ROHe^Hoe h3X hhxx. Cna^ajia, 
HeycxaHHoe flpnateHie, KHnyiiaa juiaxejiBHocxB ^iaxypi nopa3HJiH 
Moe Boo6paaceHie, h a yBH^^ijix* bb hhx'b hsobixoki acHSHH; ho no3A- 
H^e MHfe npHmjocB y6isHXBca, ^xo ecJiH $H3Hq[ecKaro Hanpaacenia 
H anepriH 3fl;tcB fiojiBme, ^^M'h nyacHO, xo, naoeopox'B, cb syxoB- 
Hofi cxopoHH 3xa acH3HB nopa3HxejiBHo MOHOxoHHa H y6ora; oHa 
sacxaBJiaex-B BcnoMHnaxB caoBa seaHKaro pyccKaro nncaxeaa, yxBep- 
ac;i;aioiii;aro, tto Hcxannaa acHSHB ne xaMi, r^t MHoro bh^ihmocih, 
Tjs,^ HBHacyxca h cxaaKHBaioxca 6oaBniia MaccH, „a laMi, rfl;^ coBep- 
maioxca qyxB-^yxo^HBia ;i;H$$epeHiiiaaBHBia HSM^^Henia co3HaHia". 

Hpn oi^tHKi ^iaxypi*, hxt» xeMHwa cxopoHH nopoacji;aH)X'B bo- 
HpocB: onpaBjiiBreaex-B-an u^^Jih^ npecat;i;yeMaa bxhm'b npoMHrnaen- 
EHMi meHxpoM'B, xt cpefl,cxBa, KaKHMH OHa ^ocxnraexca? He canm- 
KOMi-aH ^oporo o6xo^Hica aio^iiaMx, yaynmeHie Ka^ecxBa cxaan? 
EcaH noroBopHXB cb MapraHDienpoMBiniaeHHHKaMH, xo oxTb hhx:b 
ycaHHiHinB mhofo yx-femnxeaBHaro: „Mh, — HenpeM^HHo CKaacyxi ohh, — 
cnoco6cxByeM'B pa3BHxiK) ropnaro iniaa, pocxHM'B pyccKie Kannxaaw 
h asaaeMca no6opHHKaMH HHxepecoBB oxe^ecxBeHHofi npoMBiniaeH- 
hocxh; mh ea cxoanBi**. He CjjifiM.'h cnopnxB, ro6nofl,a, cb BaMH, 
coraacHMca fl;aace, ^xo bh cxoauH... h, BcexaKH, axo ne ycxpanaexi 
Hi^KoxopBixB coMH^Hifl. Bnao 6h Heatao, ecan 6u 3oaoxoHOCHHe 
necKH pa3pa6axHBaaHCB He na M^cx-fe, ^ a yBOSHancB cb 3xofi u.iaBK) 
3a xpH-^esaxB 3eMeaB; Meacfl;y xiMi axo caMoe mh bhrhmi b-b Map- 
raHn;oBOM'B ^.tai: xaM-B, r;!;^ Maprani^a MHoro, ero ne yjai^ioxB yxH- 
aH3HpoBaxB — B-B PoccIh H^xt $eppoMapraHn;oBbix'B saBOj^OB-B — h ch- 


MAPrAHii;OBOE ii;apctbo. 35 

pyro pyjiiy, coAepacamyio b-b cpeiUHeM'L 50% 3Toro MeTajiJia, Tamait 
«a THCfliiH BepcTi, njiaia 3a npoBOBt h ocTajiBHHX'E 50% seMJin h 
^pyrHxt HHKyfl;a Heroj^HHXTb npHM^cefl. SarpaHH^Hiie 3aB0ji;^HKH, 
^anJiaTHB'L 3a py^iiy BTpH;i;opora, pacKjra;i;MBaH)Ti H3;i;epacKH Bt m^H'b 
npo^yKTa; nocjitji;Hifl nocTynaeT'B Ha phhkh, Me3K;i;y npo^inMi h na 
Haint, H noTpe6HTejiL ch JiHxoBofl oT^aexTb to, ^to B3ajiH Mapran- 
nenpoMHiEjieHHHKH. Bt Kone^HOMt pe3yjiBTaTi bb BHroji.'fe OKasH- 
BaK)TCH Map^aH^e^poM£II^JreHHEEH, sarpannqHEie saBOA^HRH n eii],e 
KaseHHaa aceji^sHaa ^.opora, ho othio^l ne pyc«Kifi noTpe6HTejiL. — 
Bx j^aHHOM-L cjiy^ai^ mohcho BOcnoJiB30BaTi>ca Hfl;pyrHMi KpHTepieMt. 
UtiinHaa KyjiLTypa naniHX'L ^nefl Tpe6yeTi rpoMa,n;Haro KOJiH^ecTBa 
^epHOBofl pa6oTH, h cl 3Tofl TO^KH spiHia ^iaTypH snoJiHi OTB-fe- 
^aioTi TpedoBaHiffMt BpeMenn; nejiLSfl OTBepTBiBaTLca: otl ehxi 

TOJIBKO nOTOMy, ^TO aCH3HB He BHJIHBaeTCff 3^ifeCB BT» KpaCHBHJl, 

^HCTBia $opMH; 310 yA^Jit KpynHHX'B n,eHTpoBT., a ne xixi, r^t 
KyjiBTypy BHpa6aTHBaiOT^ B^iepn^ h rfl,i ona HMieTi ente bh;!;^ 3a- 
MapamKH/ Ho ecjin npHxojtHTca MnpHTBca cb rpy6ocTBio h Henpn- 

rJia^HOCTBH) mTypCKOfl aCH3HH, TO HH Bl KaKOMi cjiy^at HejiBsa 

onpaB;i,HBaTB ea 6e3o6pa3ifi, He BHSBaHHHX'B Heo6xoji,HMOCTBK). Map- 
raHn;enpoMHniJieHHHKH cjihhikom'b nrnpoKO npHMinaioT'B k-b CBoeft 
^tsTeJiBHOCTH npaBHjo: nfkjih onpaB;n;BiBaeT'B cpe;a;cTBa. HHKaKofi 
'6jiaroH i^tjiBH) Hej!B3a hsbhhhtb, ^to ^iaxypH npenpaTHJiH bi> ko- 

HIOfflHH H ^TO aCH3HB SaKOHHHX'B OfiHTaTeJiefi STHX-B HOCJI'fejIiHHX'B 

H acH3HB HiaTypii;eBi, HMiJOT-B MHoro o6ni;aro. BopB6a cb 3Thm'b 
-sJiOMi — BecBMa He JierKaa 3a^aqa: caMH ^iaTyp^H e^Ba-JiH chocoShbi 
H3Mi&HHTBea Ki Jiy^nieMy, 3axojiyGTHOCTB ace M^CTe^Ka j^iJiaeTi KpaSne 
saTpyji.HHTejiBHBiM'B KOHTpojiB Hajii'B HHM'B HpaBHTejiBCTBa H o6meeTBeH- 
Haro MH^Hia. Bee 3T0 3acTaBjiaeT'B onacaTBca, ^to HiaxypH eme He 
Majioe BpeMfl 6yfl;yTi „bo 3ji* jieacaTB", a rr. MapraHn.enpoMHHiJieH- 
HHKH TaKi ace j^ojiro Sy^yT'B odnapyacHBaTB y;i;HBHTejiBHoe CM-femenie 
noHflTifi, npHHHMaa sa oji,ho h to ace ocjiobi h ^ajiBaji^apx, ce6ff h no- 

^OpHHKOBl OTe^eCTBeHHOfl npOiJBiniJieHHOCTH. 

A. Cnaco-KyKOUKifi. 


♦,>:; 


36 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 


H3T) AnrjiiH. 


I. 

Bt $eBpajii>cKoS KHHHKi „PyccKaro BoraTCTsa", — b'l nncLMt 
HS-B AHFJiiH, a roBopHJEX jiio6onMTHofi KHHri YajiBca „npefl,CKa- 
sania". ABTopt nHTaexca HadpocaTt, nyxeMi Hayqnaro BHBo;na, 
KapTHHy, KOTopyio 6YJi,jTh npe;ii;cTaBjiaTL KyjiLxypHBia o6in;ecTBa k^e 
KOHDiy ;i^a;i;i^aTaro BtKa. Ohx noKasHBaeTx, KaKHMi oSpasoM'B hbm^- 
Henie cnocodoB-B coo6ni;eHia OTpasHTCH Ha xapaKTep^fe fiy^ymHxi ro- 
po^iiOBX, H BHHCHHeT'B npHWHH, KOTopMfl, HO ero mh^^hIk), noBefl;yrs 
K'L ^pacTBopeniio" cTaparo o6mecTBa. IIocjit^cTBieMi aioro npo- 
rpecca fiyj^exi Hosaa rpynnnpoBKa o6iii;ecTBeHHHXi KjiaccoBt. IIpo- 

I^eCCH „Ii;eHTpo6taCHHfl H I].eHTpOCTpeMHTeJIBHHfl", O KOTOpHX'B A 

roBopHJii yace, oxfipocaT'E, c% ofl;HoS CTopoHH, b'b „nponacTb** Bcix'B 
Hey;n;a^HHKOB'B, bc^xi. cjia6Lix'B yMCTBeHHO h $H3H^ecKH; c% fl;pyrofi 

CTOpOHH, BH;HBHHyTl rpOMa^HHfi KJiaCCl ^apOBHTHXi, HaCTOfi^HBfclX'B, 

Tpyfl;oJiK)6HBLix'L H o6pa30BaHHHX'E jiK)ji,efl. TyT'E 6yfl,yTT> TexHH^ecKH 
o6pa30BaHHHe pa6oTHHKH, HHaceHepH, TexHOJiorn, spa^n h np. Ohh 
saxBaTflT'B „6pa3;iiH npaBJieHia", KOTopLia BMnaj^yTx h3'l HeacKyc- 
HMXi, HeTBep;i;Hxi pyKx npo$eccioHaJiBHHxi hojihthkobi,. 

EcjiH iiHTaTejiB npHnoMHHTt, a ne ^ocKa3aji'B o6i> o6m,eM'B chh- 
Te3*, K'L KOTopoMy npHXOfljHT'B ocTpoyMHHS aBTopi ^pe;^cKa8aHifi. 
C-B xtx'B nopx KHHra YajiBca HM^fejia eiD,e 6oJiBiniS ycnixi, ^iwK 
npeffi^e. OHa BBifl;epacajia ii;i&jiHfl pajj;'B H3saHift b'b AnrjiiH h bx Ane- 
pHKt, nepeBefl,eHa na nicKOJiBKO HHOCTpaHHHXi asHKOBTb. 

TenepB Ysjibcb as^ajix HOByio KHHry ^OmpBrrie By;i;yni.aro" 
(The Discovery of the future), cocTaBJieHHyio h31 JieKi^ifi, npo^H* 
TaHHHX-B BB „HMnepcKOM'B HHCTHTyT*". Ona aBJiaexca xeopeTH- 
MecKHMi. BCTynjieHieM'B k^ „npeji;cKa3aHiaM'B": aBTopi* o6ochobbi- 

BaeTB nOJlOKCHia, ^3% KOTOpBIXl JI,i^JiaeTB Ti BHBOJDqbl, O KOTOpHX'K 

6hjio CKa3aH0 bi> npomjiOM'B hhcbm^. B'b ^OtkpbitIh By;i;ymaro** 
a^BTopB cTpeMHTca ;i;oKa3aTB, ^to npornosB He tojibko B03M0aceHi>, 
HO, BB cyni;H0CTH, aBJiacTca fl;aHe e^HHCTBOHHoft i],ijiBio BcaKaro Ha- 
y^naro HSHCKania. Ilpeaiffe, ^^mtb CKa3aTB 061 „o6m,eM'h CHHTea^** 
aBTopa, — a nosHaKOMjiio ^HTaxejieS cb ochobhhmh ^lepTaMH hoboS 

KHHrH. 

YajiBCB npefl,JiaraeTB cbok) KJiaccH$HKaii,iK) qejiOBi^ecKaro yna^ 
KOTopBifi 6HBaeTX, no ero cjiosaMX, ;a;BoaKaro THna. O^hh juoj^h, co- 
CTaBjaiomie GoatuiHHCTBO, HHKor;i,a ne 3aji;yMHBaiOTca •6yfliyni;eM'B; 
;g;pyrie — ^i.yMaioi'Tb 06^ stomb nocToaHHO. Hxb mhcjib sanaxa TiMH 


HSt AHr.lIH. 37 

-^opMa^rr, b'b KOTopLm ji;oji3kho eme otjihtbcji o6mecTBO, h tojibko 
tT» 3Toft ii^jiBK) Hsy^aioTt HacTosmee. Ym'e nepBoft Kaxeropin Jiioseft 
HCKJiio^HTejiBHO peTpocneKTHBHHfl. Oh^ HCTOJiKOBLiBaeT'L HacTOflmee 
Ha ocHOBaniH $aKTOB'B npomjiaro h, Hcxoja;fl nat EHXi, othochtch: 
TO OTpiHi];aTejii>HO, to o;ii;o6pHTejiLHO kt> aBjeniaMt fl;ifeflcTBHTejiBHo8 
acHSHH. Ymx BTopofl KaieropiH jiio^efi, no npeHMymecTBy, co3Hfl;a- 
TejiBHHH. Ohx HCTOJiKOBLiBaext HacTOffffliee H npHj^aext omj to ehe 
;5pyroe sHaqeHie nocTOJiBKy, nocKOJiBKy oho Moacext cofl;^gcTBO- 
BaTB HjiH npenaxcTBOBaTB HBJieHiaM'L 6yfliyni;aro, KOTopoe cosH^a- 
rrejiBHHfi jK% npeji;BHfl,HXT». 

nepBHfl xHrn. yna aBxop-L nasHBaex'L ydaKonennuM^, hjih cmh- 
peHHHMt, xaKt KaK'B npo$ecciH h BOcnHxanie cy;i;eHCKaro ^ejroBtKa 
6ojiBnie Bcero ckjiohhh pasfenxB HMenno axy $opMy. AABOKaxx*, ho- 
Tapiyct, npoKypopi h t. a;., ho MH^Hiio aBxopa, fl;ojiacHH nocxoaHHO 
ccHJiaxBca na cyni;ecTByioffl;ifi yace saKOHt, na yxBepacjiieHHoe npaso. 
Ha npeii;e;i;eHX'B. B'B 6oJiBfflHHCXBi cjiyTOeBT., ohh He npHBHajoxt 
HJIH ;i;aace ocya^aioxx aBJiema, Koxoptia xojibko ^xo em;e napoac- 

BTopofl THHi yMa — aBTopi, ^JiH KOHTpacxa, HaBHBaexx sanono- 
damejibuuM^y XBop^ecKHMt, noeejiumejibuuM^, xaKi KaKB yMi axoxt 

nOCXOHHHO KpHTHKyeX'B iHifiCTBHXeJIBHOCXB, HHXaeXCff HBMtHHXB 66 

H a6cojiK)XHo He npHSHaexi. npeii;efl;eHX0B'B nponiJiaro 3a Htqxo 
HeonpoBepacHMoe h nesHfijieMoe. Jjia 3aKOHo;i;aTejiBHaro yMa bbcb 
Mipi, — rpoMasHaa MacxepcKaa, a nacToamee np6ja;cxaBJiaex'^ jihhib 
MaxepiajTi fl;jia BtipadoxKH 6yffyni,aro. Ymx yaanoueHmiiX — naccH- 
BCHx; yMi saKOHOAaxejiBHHfi — b^hho aKTHBent. To yni iohocxh. 
^B,jafi Bcero ohx Ha6jiiOfl;aexca y sana^HO-eBponeftcKHXi, naniit. Vaa'^ 
KoueuHuu yMX» CBoflcxBeni noacHJiOMy Bospacxy h qame Bcero Ha- 
fijuo^aexca na BOcxoKi. 

— TaKx KaK'B 6BijrH xaKie-xo npeDie^enxH, roBopHTB yMB y3a- 

KOHeHHBlg, — nOBXOMy MH JHOJiaCHH HaXOfliHXBCa S^i^CB. 

— Mh Haxo;i;HMca 3;i;^cb, — roBopnxB yMB 3aKOHo;i;aTejiBHB[fi, — no- 
TOMy mio xaKia-TO aBJienia ;i;ojiacHH eme CBepmnxBca. 

JtpeBHifl ^HJioco^B ^^^jiHJi'B qeJiOB^^ecKiS yMB na anajiHXHqecKia 
H CHHxexH^ecKifl. BMBaexB, t^wl ne Menie, 6e3^HCJieHHoe MHoace- 
CTBO jiK)ji;efi, yM'B KOxopHxi He npoaBJiaeTB hh cHHxexniiecKHX'B, hh 
anaiiHXH^ecKHXB CHOco6HOCxefl. Ysjibcb Toace bb cbok) 0Hepe;i;B 
QjAmwrh npndaBHXB, ^xo dojiBmnncxBO coBpeMeHHaro odmecxBa 
HejiB3a OTHecxH HH Ki oji,Hofi H3X HaMt^ieHHHX'B HMB Kaxeropift; 
OHO 3aHHMaex'B cpe;a;Hee Mifecxo Meac3;y yKasaHHHMH nojiocaMH. 

TpHCxa jiixB xoMy naaaj^i jiio^h, 3a;fl;yMHBaBmieca u^^Kb Bonpo- 

CaMH Ji;06pi H 3Jlt, CxpOHJIH CBOH BHBOAIH H XeopiH HCKJIIOiIHXeJIBHO 

TOJiBKO Ha ocHOBanin npomjiaro. Ohh hcxo;i;hjih hs'b nicKOJiBKHX'B 
H^orMaxHiiecKHX'B npaBHJi'B h npeAHHcanifi. BoJiBranHCXBO nocxynaexi 
TaK'B ^0 cHxii Hop'B. „Jtaa£e h xenepB, — roBopHxi. YajiBCi, — MHorie 
He acejiaioxx. ;i;onycTHXB, ^xo cyni;ecxByex'B KaKoe-HH6y;i;B cooxHomeni© 


38 PyCOKOB* BOrATCTBO. 

Meac;i;y ^.iflcTBHTejiBHHMH nocjit;a;cTBiaMH nocTynKOBi h HninepaTH:- 
BaMH npasa h 6e33aKOHifl. TaK'b; HanpnM^pi>, Ha BonpocB, no^eMj 
HejiL3Ji KpacTB? BojiBniHHCTBO OTBtxHTi: ^noTOMj qxo cKasaHo — „He 
yKpafljH"! YcTaHOBjieHHa^ HpaBciBeHHOCTB BHCTasjiaeTt, KaKx ne- 
3H6jieMoe npaBHJio, nojioffienie: „Fiat justitia ruat coelum". „Ho Te- 
nepL HBJiaioTca jrioji;H, — roBopHT'B YajiBCx, — KOTopHe OTKasHBaiOTca 
npHBHasaTB npaBocy;nieM'B to, ^to fl;oJiacHO BHSBaTB xaKoe piniH- 
TejiBSoe nocjiiincTBie. H ^hcjio sthx-b jiK)^eft pacieT^". Bcerflja, bq 
Bo^ B^Ka, JiioiHH po6KO jnepsajiH npecxynnTB cypoBOCXB ycxanoBjieH- 
Haro ji;orMaxa, ecjin 9xo, no Hxi MHiHiio, Morjio noBecxH k'b 6jiary 
;n;jia Bcfe'B. TenepB, npn oiii'6flK* npaBcxBeHHHX^ nocxynKOBx, n-fe- 

KOXOpEie npHHHMaiOX'B BO BHHMaHie He XO, HaCKOJIBKO OHH corjiacHH 

c% ycxanoBjieHHHM'B ^oriiaxoM'B, a hxx oxHomenie ki 6y;i;ym;eMy. 
„IIo3iBHJiocB HeCojiBinoe qncjio JiK)ji;efi, — roBopnxx anxopt, — Koxopwe 
ODiiHHBaiox'B nocxynoKX* no peayjiBxaxaMX ero bx. 6y^yniieMi; ohh 
ptaHxejBHO He npHBHaiox'B ;i;orMaTHTiecKaro K0fl;eKca, ycxanoBJieH- 
Haro Ha BiKOBifeiiHHH BpeMOHa". BojiBmancxBo, KoneMo, ne nopH- 
Baexx ex. xaKoio onpe;i;iJieHHOciBK) ex nponiJiHMX»; ho Bee ace ;iiy- 
Maexxi, ^xo Heo6xoji,HM'B KaKofl-HH6yAB KOMnpoMHccx» Meac^y nponr- 
jiHM'B H 6yffyni;HM'B. TaKoe 6ojiBniHHCTBO roBopHxi o neandjieMOcxH 
iHoxMaxoBXi npomjiaro h, bt> xo ace BpeMH, Hep^ranxeJiBHO ;i;onycKaerB 
BLicniiff ii;4jih, KOxopHH onpaBj^uBaiox-B oxexynjienia. Tojibko Kpafinie 
HOJiiocBr, X. e. npe;i;cxaBHxej[H yMa yaanonennato h ysfa saKonoda- 
mejibuazo He snaioxx HHKaKHXx. KOJiefiania b-b no;i;o6HOMTB noJioaceniH, 
KaKoe yKasano BHuie. yaaKOHeHHBiS yM-B HeyKOCHHxejiBHO noj^^H- 
HHTCff ;n;orMaxy npomjiaro; yMi saKOHO^iiaxejiBHHft pimnxejiBHO no- 

pBeXX» CB npOIUJIHM'B H npe^OCXaBHX-B nepXBHMX XOpOHHXB MepXBBIX'B. 

B'B e$epi ofimecxBOHHHX'B j^ia-B jUBOfinaa xoq:Ka spiniH xoace 
Befl.ex'B Kx> npoxHBOHoaoacHHM'B pesyaBxaxaMX.. ^Ym-b ysaEOHeHHHfi, — 
roBopHx-B YaaBcx., — ccHaaexca na xpaKxaxH, ji;oroBopH, xapxin, koh- 
cxHxyi^iH. Ymtb 3aKOHo;i;axeaBHHfi no^^nepraexx isxh pt3K0fl KpnxHK'fe. 
Oco6eHHO BHnyKao BHcxynaexx» pa3HHn;a Meacfl;y o6ohmh XHuaMH yMa, 
. Kor;i;a o6ni;ecxBO Haxofl;HxcH B'B nepexo^HOMi nepiofl;i. Ymm ysaKo- 
HeHHBie xor^a npio6pixaioxt caany eBoero aonaBHOCXBro; yMBi sa- 
KOHOj^axeaBHHe cxohxt> 3a noanyio nepecxpoSKy odmecxBeHHaro 3;i;a- 
Hia". 9xy ace nepxy MoacHO noj^MtxHXB bo MHorHxx> Bofinaxx, ko- 
xopHs, no MHtaiio YaaBca, HM^aa ptmnxeaBHO co3H;i;axeaBHBrfi' xa- 
paKxepx. „B% HHHiniHefl Boflni, HanpHMtp-B, coBepmeHHO yny- 
CKaexoa hstb bh^h, ^xo ona Moacexx hm^xb nocai;i;6XBieM'B Montnyio, 
o6x.e;ii;HHeHHyK) lOacHyio A$pHKy. JIio;ii;h fl;HcnyxHpyioxT> h KproiKO" 
TBopcxsyioxii Meao^axx: no nOBo^y xoro, kxo nepBHfi na^aat 
BOHHy, TITO 6Hao HanncaHO nan ^lero ne cxoaao bx KaKOMi-HHCyj^B 
HensB^cxHOMx xpaKxax^, cocxaBaeHHOMT> aix'B fl;BaTOaxB xony nasa^'B". 
He CMOxpa Ha xo, ^xo MHcaB o 6yjiiyn];eM'B Bce fioaBme Ha^H- 
Haex-B HMixB Baianie na ^acxHBie h o6ni;ecxBeHHBie nocxyflKH aio^iieft, — • 
JKH3HBK) Hxx» Bco eni;e ynpaBaaexx npomaoe. „Ho no^eny? IIo^eMy 


H3i> AHrjim. 39 

MH TaK'E npHBasaHH K% Heiiy? — roBopHT'E Ybjebcb. — Mh npH6jiH- 
ataeMca ki* 6y;n;yiii,eMy. Jjia HacE BaacHoe sHaqenie ji^ojlsrro hm^tl 
npeACTO^mee... Mea:3;y liM-L, mh rpynnnpyeMCfr b-b KJiaccH, coa^an- 
HLie npoinjiHMi». HoHaTie o tomT), ^to xaKoe nocTH;i;Hoe h no^eTHoe, 
MH HSBjieKaeM'L onflTL ffie na ocHOBaniH nponiJiaro. Oho HaMX cjiy- 
HCHT'L yKaaaHieMt, ^to xaKoe npaso h CesnpaBie. Byfl;yin;ee, $aKTH- 
necKH, He HMiex'B HHKaKoro BjiiaHia na naniH nocTynKH. Hamn 
HHcaxejiH, rjiaBHHMX o6pa30M'E, aaHHMaiOTca HCTopiefi hjih npe^- 
MexaMH, KOTopne, TaK'E hjh nnaiie, hm'^iot'l cooTHomenie ct neft. 
Hto xaKoe, HaKOHeixt, Kyjibxypa, KaK-L He cxapaa $opMa, bt> koxo- 
pyK) HacHjiBHO xoTHxx oxjiHXB 6y3;yiii;ee. Kyjitxypa — po^B HpoKyciOBa 
jioasa, Ha KOxopoMt JKejiaiox'B EHxanyxB ^lejiOBt^ecxBo. HaniH npn- 
jiEmsi, KaKt H HaniH mhc-ih, bg^ pexpocneKXHBHH... Ilpomjioe 3a- 
HOJiHaex'B j^jiH Hacx Beet Mipt". HpH^HHa bhojih^ noHaxna. HponiJioe 
Kaacexca viioj^aMt xaKHMi achhm'e, notfaxHHMi h onpefl;4jieHHHM'L, 
^xo HeBOJiLHO HBjiaexca HCKymenie cji-fe^OBaxb eMy. „JIio^h ne Bipaxx., 
wro MOxcHo HayqHHMB nyxeMB irpejifiR^i^'Sh 6y;i;yn];ee". Ohh coo6pa- 
3yioxca ex npomjiBiMX,, noxoMy ^xo yMB hxx. npHBHK* h^th bx. cxo- 
poHy HaHMeHbHiaro conpoxHBjieHia. 

Bx> xo BpeMa, KaKx> nsB^cxnaa ^acxt npomjiaro Kaacexca ;n;ocxyn- 
HOH jiJisi Bcfox>, 6y^yni;ee coBepmeHHO saKpHxo ;i;jia JEioflieH, ne bh- 
pa6oxaBmHX'B ceS-fe Hay^naro MHnijieHia. BojiLmHHCXBO He Moacexi 
ycxoaxB npe^nt HCKymeHieM'E coBepmnxL 3KCKypciio bx o6jiacxB 
npoinjiaro, Tro6Bi HSBjie^B oxxyfl;a ji;jia ito3;xBep3Kji,eHia namnxB B3rjra- 
^OBB xoxx HJIH spyrofl ^aKXB. HaMi Kaacexca, 'ixo bb npomjioMB 
MH iiyBCXByeMB ce6a, „KaKB ji;0Ma"; xorfl;a KaKX. bb o6jiacxH 6yfl;y- 
Hxaro BOo6paaceHie xepaexca, KaKX 3a6jiy;ii;HBnieeca ;i;Hxa bb xeMHOxi. 

Mnorie, nosxoMy, yxBepac^aioxi, — roBopnxB Ysjibcx, — ^To oxho- 
cHxejiBHO 6y;iyni;aro nejiBsa cxpoHXB xaRHXx» npe;fl;noJioaceHifi h ne- 
B03MoacHO npe;ii;BHji;^XB cooHxifi npefl;cxoani;HXB, — roBopaxB o6hkho- 
BeHHO, — KaKX HejiBsa npe;n;cKa3axB, rjiajija na HrpaH)ni;aro KOxenKa, 
Ky^a OHB npHXHexB cefl^acB; ho rocno;i;cxBO xaKHXB BSFJia^OBt 
ofiiacHaexca xojibko ynopHHMB neBiacecxBOMB. SaKOHonpn^HHHocxB 
cymecxByexi bo bc^xb aBJieniaxB, noexoMy, 6yji;yni:ee, no MH-fe- 
Biio YajiBca, xaKB ace fl,onycKaexx> B^pHHa xojiKOBaHia, KaKx h 
npomej^Hiee. Haraa jiH^Haa naMaxB ^aexB naMB npe;i;cxaBJieHie o 
coBepmHBHiHxca $aKxaxB, KaKB o iieMX>-xo eji;HHCxBeHH0 peajiB- 
homb; ho ^i^MB 6ojiLnie mh BBipa6axHBaeMB bb ce6'6 nayiHoe 
MHHijieHie, xifeMB acH-fee noHHMaeMB, ^xo axo npe^cxaBJieHie xojibko 
cydT&eKXHBHO H He HMiexTb HH^ero ofimaro cb adcojiioxHofl hcxkhoS. 
flBJieHia, CBepniHBniiaca 3a 4000 Ji^xi, nanpHM^pB, ji;o P. X., xaKtace 
peajiBHH, KaKx» h xi&, Koxopna npoH3onijiH bb 1600 r. naniefl 9pBi; 
HO Bxopna nofliXBepac;i;aK)xca h^koxophmh fl;aHHHMH, xorji.a KaKB 

nepBHa — ^aKXH^ieCKH, HHKaKHMH. 

HacKOJiBKO ace name HesHanie 6y;n;yniaro aBJiaexca HeH36teHHM'B 
H HacKOJiBKo B03MoacHO, HOJiBsyacB Hay^HHMx MexojOMB, nofl;HaxB 


L 


I 

40 PyCCKOE BOrATOTBO. 

3aHaBi&C'B, OT^'feMiomift Hacx OTh flBjieHifi, ;i;ojiffieHCTByK>mHX'B effl;e 
HacTynHTB? 


II. 

Bt> cymnocTH roBopa, name snaHie npomjiaro KpaflHe orpaHH- 
^eno. Mh cjihiukomx nepeor^tHHsaeMi xy fljocTOBtpHOCTB, cb koto- 
pofi MH MoaceM-B cy^ijHTB aBjieHiaxi 6HJioro. H ecjiH b-b hocji^js,- 
Hee BpeMa nayKa cb yfiipeHHOCTBio fljijiaexi sto, to na ocHOBaniH 
^ero-TO fl;pyroro, a ne ^lejioBiHecKofl naMSTH. ^Ito snaerB coBpe- 
MeHHBifl o6pa30BaHHBig ^ejiOBiK'B nponiJiOMi,? npe3Kfl;e Bcero to, 
m:o ffaexx eMy jiaqiHBifi oeht-b h co6cTBeHHaa naMSTB. Heo6pa3o- 
BaHHHe jiioffH 6e3ycjiOBHo fl;oBipjiK)Tx CBoeS naMATH; to ace, ho cb 
HtKOTopBiMi orpaHH^eHieMx, ^'fejiaioT'B nandoJiie pasBHTHe. HtKO- 

TOpHe OTHOCflTCa KpHTH^ieCKH ;i;aJKe KX JIHiIHHM'B BOCnOMHHaHiaMB, 
TaKl. KaKl 3HaiDTl, ^TO He TOJIBKO C06UTisi 3a6BIBaK)TCa, HO CB Te- 

qenieM'B BpeMenn, nopofi, coBepmeHHO npHspa^Hoe, co3fl;aEHoe Ha- 
iHHM'B BOo6paaceHieMT», Ha^nnaeT'B KasaTBca naMX ji;McTBHTej[BHo 
CBepmHBniHMCA ^a^TOMi.. 9to oS'BJicHaeTca CBoero pofl,a caMOBny- 
menieM'B. He CMOTpa na 3to, BceTaKH jih^hha BOcnoMHHaHia Ka- 
acyTca naM^ nanSoJi'fee HeonposepacHMHMH $aKTaMH nponiJiaro. Ho 
npe;i;tji'B TaKHXi BOcnoMHHaHiB Kpaflne orpaHH^eni.. 3a hhmi Jie- 

aCHT'B ipSJI.'h ;i;pyrHXX» ^aKTOBT*, HJIH TaKl Ha3HBaeMHX'B ^aKTOB-B, 
KOTOpBTX-B MBI 3HaeM'B OT'B JIjpyFHX'B HO paSCKasaMl H H3Tb aCH3HH. 

3to — o6jiacTB cjiyxoB-B, OT^eTOBi, npeji;aHifi h HCTOpin. ^^m-b 6jiHace 
Kh HaMi, Ti&M'B $aKTBi 3TH flCH'fee, ;a;oCTOBi&pflte, no^po6Hi^e, h na- 
ofiopoT'B: ^'6m'b jotajiBHie, t^mi coo6iu,eHiji cTanoBHTca neonpe/ii'fejieH- 
n^By noTOMT> npHHHMaiOT'B xapaKTepT. KpaTKHX'B, HeHCHBix'B Ha;^^H- 
ceS, sara^o^HBix'B npefl;aHi^ h, HaKoneit'B, cosepnieHHO Hc^esaioT^. 
Hpoinjioe 3to TaKi ace HeH3BicTH0, KaK'B h 6jj!jjn,ee. TpncTa ji'^t'b 
TOMy Hasa;!;^ Bci sesleisl nponiJiaro orpaHH^iHBajiHCB BTopofi 30hoh, 
T. e. odjiacTBH) cJiyxoBi, npe^anifi h HCTopin. TaK'B npo^ojiacajiocB 
no<iTH ji;o na^ajia XIX B^Ka. JtflcTBHTejiBHBTa co6HTi« nponiJiaro 
6hjih nepcMi&inaHBi h nepenjieTeHBi ^sij^owb ycTaHOBHBinHxca jie- 
reHfl;i. HojiyqajiacB, nosTOMy, coBepmeHHO HeTO^naa sapTHHa. Ta- 
KOBti 6hjih nosHania Bceo6iii,eft HCTopiH, noKy;i;a He npHHiJia anoxa 
naynnazo H3Cjii;iiOBaHiH. ]i,jisi Jiro^eft XYH B^Ka naqero ne cyme- 
cTBOBajo 3a 60 b^kob'b ;i;o hex^, KaKi jx^jisi nacB HH^ero ne cyme- 
cTByeT'B BT» 6y^yni;eMT>. CoBpeMenHaa nayKa, t. e. CHCTeMaTH'iecKaa 
KpHTHKa sBJieHiS, pa3pyniHJ[a to npe;i;cTaBJieHie, KOTopoe hm^&jih' 
jiiofliH ji;ajieKOM'B npomjiOM'B na ocHOBaniH Tpa^Hii,ift. Snanie 8Tor9 
HeH3Bi^cTHaro npomjiaro sbhjiocb Tor;i;a, Korfl;a 6lijih npHM-feneHBi co- 
BepmeHHO HOBBie MeTo;i;H. H o ca^oMi oTj^aJiennoM^B mh SHaeMB 
TenepB ropa3ja;o 6oJiBine, ^iMB o co6hm5ix%, KOTopna sna^iHTejiBHO 
6jiHace K'B HaMB.IBi caMOMi fli-fejii. Mbi HM^eMt tojibko niKOTopoe 
npe^CTaBJienie o KaKOMi-nndyjiiB i];apt Capronii, acHBineM'B 3a 28 fit- 


H3T» AHrJIIH. ^ 41 

KOB'L ji,o P. X.; Hoxoponio 3HaeMi» npo tkhbotshx'b, HacejiaBiimxt 
seMJOO TO^;^a, |CO^;^a hh o^ho ^eaoB^^ecKoe cymecTBo He Morjio eme 
HX'B BHA^TL. Mh 3HaeM'E TO^HO, KaKOBi* 6uji'b xapaKiep^ jiaH^ma^Ta 
Tor^a. Mbi npe^tcTaBjiseMt ce6^ jia6HpHHT0ji;0HTa, no^BHMaiomaro 
HeyKJiioacyR) rojiOBy najii'B HacHJii;eHHHMi» yrjeKHCJiOTofi 6ojiotom'l, 
BT> KOTopoMX OHX acHJix; pHcyeM'L ce6i rpoMaji,HyiOt KpujiaTyio ame- 
pHDiy nTepa;i;oKTHjia, Korji;a owe JiexaeTi* najii'B ji-fecoiit MesosoH^ecKaro 
BtKa. npe3;cTaBJiaeMX ce6t mh hxi cl TaKOio me OT^eTJiHBOCTBK), 
KaKx Hocopora hjih Kopmyna. OTHOCHTejiBHO bh^hihocth hxt> y nacB 
TaKme ne MoaceT'L 6litl coMH^Hia; ne MoaceMt oniH6HTi>ca. Mh fit- 
pHMt, wio Bt ;i;ajieKOMi, nponiJiOM'L cymecTBOBaji'B MeraTepivMt, 
KOToparo HHKTO He BHji.^ji'B, KaKt yB-fepeHH Bt TOMt, HTO ecTL rnnno- 

nOTaMH, KOTOptlXl. HiKOTOpne HSt HaCX KOpMHJIH 6yJIKaMH BT> 300JIO- 

TH'iecKOM'B caji;y. B^ nocjE-feAHee BpeMff MHoria no;npo6HOctH KapTiiHH 
3;oHCTopHqecKaro Mipa BHacneHH ct> xaKOK) hospoShoctbio, ^to ho 
MoaceTi 6hiTb HHKaKoro coMHi&Hi)i. IJijiHfi paj^T. yiieHHXt GHcxeMa- 
TH^ecKH pa6oTaeT'B na^'B t^m^, ^to6u Bce 6ojiBnie h 6ojiLffle y;i;a- 
jiHTB HS'B npomjiaro HensBicTHQCTB. MpaK-B fl;oHCTopHiiecKaro nepiojiia 
pa3C^aH'B 3HaHieMi. ^ejioBi^ecxBO npio6pi^jio TaKyio HCTopiio scmjih, 
cyni;ecTBOBaHia KOTopoS (HCTopin) He no^osptBajin Jiy^niie hctophkh 
XVIII B-feKa. BceMipHaa HCTopia aBHJiacB tojibko saKJiio^HTejiBHoff 
rjaBofl BHOBB oTKpHTofi HCTopiH. Ha npH^a^y, ji;a3Ke saKJiio^HTejiB- 
Hyio rJiaBy npHmjiocB HanncaTB sanoBO nocjii pa6oTT>, nocrpoeHHBix'B 
Ha HayiiHOM'B MeTOji;i, t. e. Ha- cpaBHeflia h aHajiH3* ^aKTOBi*. 

TaKHM'B o6pa30M'B, npHM^Haa nay^HBift MeTo;!;^, MH^y3HajiH o Jia- 
jieKOMX nponiJioMTi, KOTopoe ne noA03ptoajiocB ^aace. BHHMaTejiBHoe 
Hsy^eHie o6jiomkob'b KaMHefi, pa3p'fe30B^ 3eMJiH, cKaji-B, K0CTe8, — cjio- 
BOMi, Beni;e8, KOTopna paHBHie c^HTajiHCB coBepmeHHo „h^mhmh", 
pacKpHJio npe;i;i naMH BejiH^ecxBenHHa nepcneKXHBBi. H31 nnxi 
saciajix cb^x'b, 03apHBniifl MpaKi. 

EcjiH jaojijti MorjiH cji;ifeJiaxB 9xo h ocBifexHTB nponijioe, xoxa jijjia 
3xoro npHinjiocB 6opoxBca ci xBep;ii;o ycxaHOBHBmeSca xpa)i;Hi^ieft, 
xo no^eMy xoxx» ace Mexo;^'B ne npHM^HHMi. ^jia 6yji;yniiaro? Bm^cxo 
HCKonaeMHXi, — roBopHiTb Ybjibcb, — nyacHo pa3BicKaxB xojibko o6ni;e- 

CTBeHHHe MOXOpH, H3CJli;i;0BaXB HX'B H BHaCHHXB HOCJlijliCIBia HX'B 

fl;taxejiBHocxH. 9xo fl;ojiacHO fl;axB xaKie me fijiarojiiapHHe pe3yjiBTaxBT, 
KaKi Hsy^enie, HanpHM^p'B, cjioeB'B seMJiH bx> reojorin. JtJia o6ni;e- 
cxBa, — no MHtniK) YajiBca, — nofl;o6HHH npornos'B aficojiioxHO Heo6xo- 
ln^Mi*. „H XBepja;o y6§ac;i;eH'B b'b xom'b, — roBopHx-B oh-b, — ^xo H3y- 
Tienie 6yfl;ynj,aro aBjiaexca B'B npejuijiax'B bo3mo3khocxh qejiOB^^e- 
cKaro SHania""... 

AnxopTb HOJiaraex-B, nxo nacxynaex-B BpeMa, Kor;n,a hohbixkh H3y- 

TieHia 6y;i;yni,aro npHMyx'B cHCxeMaxn^ecKifl xapaKxep'B. Jo chx'b 

nopx* HH^iero ne 6bijio c^^-fejiaHO b-b axoM/B HanpaBjieniH. Hh oj^hh'b 

' BejiHKifi yM'B He cocpe;i;oxo^Hji'B na axoM'B Bcero CBoero BHHMaHia. 

KaKofi pe3yjiBxaxt mox-b 6bi iiojiy^HXBca, ecin 6bi axox-B BonpocL 


L 


42 pyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

I 

norjioTHJi'B CTOJILKO ace BKHMania jiK)fl;efl, cnoco6HHXi KpHTH^ecKH 
MHCJiHTB, KaKi H Hsj^eHie saKOHOB'B XHMH^ecKHX'B coe;i;HHeHifi? — 
cnparnHBaeTt asxop'B. 

HejOBiKt, oji;HaKO, ne xHMH^ecKifl ajieMeHrt, o6m;ecTBO — ne xh- 
MH^ecKaa $opMyjia h, bi juaHHOMt cjiy^a*, obhti, 3toti BeJiHKifi 
noco6HHK'B coBpeMeHHofi HayKH, — He Bcerfl,a BOSMoaceHt, cKaaceMi 
MH oTi ce6a. 

^Cpe^HeMy ^ejiOB-feKy KaaceTca HeBtpoaTHHMt Moe npeji,nojio- 
acenie, — roBopHTi ysjiLCB, — Meafliy tJmi, $aKTHqecKH, npeACKasaHie 
HepaspHBHO CBflsano cb H^eefi o HayHHOMi> Hacjit^OBamH", IIo- 
cjii^nee othk)j3;b ne BupasaexcA bi o;i;hom'b KOJiJieKTHpoBaHiH Ma- 
JieHBEHxiE) ^aKTOB^B c^ xaKHM'B ycep^ieH'B, CB KaEHM'B nxHu^a nepe- 
6M^inHHRi& Go6Hpaexi» paKOBHHKH H MOJiRie KaMeniKH. He saKJiio- 
^aexca xaKXce nay^Hoe H3CJi^fl;oBaHie b'b xomt» xojibko, ^xo6h rpyn- 
HHpoBaxB H KJIaccH$B[^HpoBaxB $aKXBi. BojiBfflHHCxBO npe;iicxaBji«exi» 
ce6i, qxo BejiEKia HayqHBia oxKpHxia sBJisnoica KaK'B-xo He^a^HHo, 
pesyJiBxaxoM'B cjiy^aa. Meac^y x^mi, caMoe cyniiecxBeHHoe B'B na- 
yiiHOM'B Hscji^jnoBamH ne cofinpaHie (^aKxoBi, a aHaJiH3% nx^B. 
$aEXH cocxaBJiaioxT) xojibko OHpofl Maxepiajii nayKH, a ne cymHOcxB 
ea. Bee cHCxenaxHSHpoBaHBioe BHanie 6hjio pesyjBxaxoM'B aHajinsa. 
IJtjiBK) Hay^naro npoii;ecca JiBjiaexca npe^^cKaaanie. TaKi, Me^iH- 
ii;HHa cxpeMHJiacB h cxpeMHxca hm6xb BosMoacHocxB cxaBHXB j;iar- 
H03X. Mexeopojioria acejiaexxi npefljCKastiBaxB noroja;y h xojibko xor^ija 
saflMexi, no^exHoe Mtcxo b-b nayKt, Kor;i;a fliOCXHrnexx 3xoro. Xh- 
MHRX npe^cKa3HBaexx» HOBBie sjieMenxH, npeacfl;e q^Mi Hafiji;erB hx'b. 
Eji3pK'B-MaKcy3aiB npe;i;cKa3aji'B aBJienia, KoxopHs xenepB MapKOHH 
MaxepiajiH3HpoBajii (fiesnpoBOJionHHfi xejierpa$'B). To ace aBji^Hie 
MBE 3aMiHaeM'B H 3% acxpoHOMiH. „ Jaace b'b xaKofl Henay^Hoft nayK-fe, 
KaK'B nojiHXH^ecKaa 3K0H0Mi«r, — roBopHTi Ysjibcb, — dHJin noHBiXKH 
;n;ijiaxB npe;i;cKa3aHia". IIoneMy ace nejiBSff H3CJi^A0BaxB 6y;i;yni;ee 
H, nyxeM'B anajiHsa flBjienifl, co3;i;axB KapxHHy, cxojib ace peajiBHyio 
KaK'B H xa, Koxopaa ;i;aHa, nanp., reojioriefi. JajieKO-jiH mh MoaceM'B 
oxBaacHXBCfl yfixn B'B axoM'B HanpaBJieniH Bnepe^'B, ocxaBaacB, b'b 
xo ace BpeMa, na no^Bi^ peaaBHOcxH h B^poaxHocxH? 

Ho MH^Hiio YajtBca, mh ckjiohhh yMeHBinaxB B03MoacHocxB npe^- 
BHji,*xB fiy^ymee, xo^iho xaKi, KaK'B npeyBeJiH^HBaeM'B Hamy bo3- 
MoacHOCXB cy;i;HXB o npomaoMt. JKhbocxb nainefi naMsxH Ha6pacBi- 
Baexi x^HB npaB^ono;ii;o6HOcxH na Bce^ Kacaiomeeca Swjioro. TaK'B. 
KaK'B MH He 3HaeMx H He MoaceM-B snaxB naniero Jiunuaio 6jjij- 
maro, xo noaxoMy naM'B Kaacexca, qxo BOo6me npeji;BH^ixB ^xo hh- 
6yfl;B coBepnieHHO HeB03MoacHO. TaKTb KaK'B mh ne MoaceM'B cKa3aTs 

CB yB^peHHOCXBK), KaK'B MH CaMH HOCXyHHM'B H ^XO 6yffeM'B iiyB- 

cxBOBaxB qepesTb h*ckojibko jiix'B, xo no3xoMy ckjiohhh 3aKJiK)- 
^ILTt>^ WHO eme MeHBnie MoaceM'B npe;i;BHji;'fixB cyji;B6H rocyji;apcxBa 
HJiH o6mecxBa. 

Ho 3X0 pa3cyac;nieHie, Kafflymeeca naM'B cxojib HeonpoBepacHMHM'B^ 


H31 AEOIH. 43 

BT> cymHOCTH HenpasHJiEHo. UpejCKaaaHie oTHoeaxejitHO Jiio;ieS, 
B3flTiiixi Bx Maccci., o6.Ter<iaeTCfl, a He saTpyjafleTCfl. Ho Mtpi 
Toro, saKi HHJiHBHflyyMH yBejiH^HBaiOTCH qacjieHHO, Macca HXT. 6ojiLjne 
npHfi-THaKaeTCfl kt. osHOJiy cpeflHesiy. 9to nojiomeHie Hami aBTOpt 

aOSCBSSTb TaKHMX npHM^pOUl. OTAiJILHEIS neC^KHEH EMilOTX 

Rpagne pasHooSpasHyio $opuy. Roxh uHKpocKOnoM'L uu yBH^HMt, 
iTo ojet yrjiosaTH, apyrie dotoh Kpyrjtu, Tpeita HanoMHHaioTi 
SpHJifliaHTB, OTinjiH$OBaHHHfi npoaoS" E T. 5. npemje, qtsix bu 
BsrjiflHeTe bt, MHKpocKoni, bu ne MOKeie yrajaTt, KaKofl iJiopMU 
GyjeTL necqHHKa. Ecjih mh onpOKHHeMx xa^Ky necKy na seMJiio, to 
He MOKeMi CKasaTt, r;tt Jisryn necqHHKH naBtciHofl (JopMu; ho 
MH CL fiojitraofi BtpoaTHOCTbK) HOHceMt HpeflCKaBaTL, KasyK) $optty 
npHMext Bca Kvqa. Ecjih mm npocieMt necoKi. lepeat nicKOJitKo 
piraoTE. H noTOMi oiSpocHMi ero JionaTofi bt. CTopony, to CMomeMt 
npeACRasaib, rjt ynaayrL neciHHEH HSBiCTHaro pasMipa. B% ffaB- 
HOBi cJiyiai «h bbjbmi, ito tiijoe Moatert 6uTt npome ero co- 
CTaBHUxi ^acTefi. To ate caaoe, no MH^Hiio YajiLca, npHM^HHMO h 
oTHOCHTejiLHo leaOBiicCKaro oCmecTBa. Ecjih Eejhsa npejCKaaaTt. 
Syflymee OT;(4jii,Haro HHaHBmyysa, to 3to othk»xb. ne anainrB, 

'ITO HeBOSlfOKHO CatjiaTL BHOJIHt ^^OCTOBtpHHS HpOPHOS'L OTHOCH- 

lejibHO n*Jiaro oCmecxBa, Ho ecii., KOHeiHO, 3HaqHTeJii.Baa paa- 
RHiia Memjty Taqicofl necKy R aaccofl lejioBt^ecKHxi. HHSHBH;ty- 
yMOBi. ^ejioBiiqecKifl uucjih h auoiiiH aMcTByioTt sapasHTejibHbiuii 
ofipaaoMt. Bojia OflHoro MOKeTi oKaaaTi. flaBJienie na Bce OKpyaa- 
lomee. IleeqHHKa, KaKt 6h ona hh Otuta sejiHKa, ae HMieir, bi 
Kyqt HHKaKoro jiScTBin Ha ueHLmiA necqHHKH; ho BejiHitiS ^ejio- 
r.^Ki, roBopsn. Haai, KaKt Heaapi., HaaojieoHi. hjih nexpt Uyc- 
TtJHHHK'L MOateTi yfiiflHTi. H yBJiB^b 3a C06010 BCH) Kyiy, T. e. Bce 
ofimecTBO. Oh% MoacerL BaaiHHTt cyjbSy HocjiisHaro, HanpaBHTt 
Ha HOBHfi nyiB. A ecjH 9to laKi, to KaEi ate mu MOKeMi j[i- 
jiaTb KaKia HHfiyab npeacKaaaaiH? I[pe;i;BHS*Ti> poatjenie renia — 
BHt npejitaoBi B03HOHiaocTR ^ejioBiKa. Ho naiiii aBTOpt a6co- 
jiiotbo Be npHHafljeacHT^ k-l iHCJiy noKJiOHHHKOBi repoH^ecKaro 
KyjiLia. „He sci BipsTh bi BaacHoe anaieHie „Bostaa", — roBopHTi 

OBl. — ECTB JirojE, KOTOpue JiJXS.V)Th, ?T0 BeCL nipt H3MtHHJlCH OTh 

Toro, qTo HBHJica HanoJieOHi; ho ecTL h apyrie, nojaraiaatie, ito. 
He aBHCb Hano.ieoHi, wipi 61,-12% 6a xaKoft ate, KaKi b TenepL. 
OiHH BtpflTb BceB^Jio Bi. HHSHBHayajitHoe BJiiffHie qejioBiBa, apy- 
rie — BceBtJio bi, chjih, CToamia sa aTHUH JnofltMH". H asTOpi apH- 
(iaBJiJieTi, ITO cam oh^ — Kpafiniii CTOpOHHHKt nocjiiaHaroBsrjisja. 
Be-iBKie ^B);iK hbjiawtcb rojitKo ofipaaasiH h cHMBOJiaHn; ohh cjiy- 
laflHHH opyaiB fieanpepHBHUxx coaHjaioutBXT, chjii, jtiacTByioniaxi 
CBJit. BejHKie .iKijtn, no EHpaHceaiK) YajBca, — „9to nepwi, aoToptiMH 
DHmyTt chjim; ohh — ockojikh ajJiagoBt, BCTasjiaeMtixi e% kojiobo- 
pon, ito6h fBep.iHTL KaMeat", H^tHi fiojiBDie MH eyfteMiHayiaTb 

JltaCTBia 3THXI CH.IB, TtUt Cb Go.TLIHefi flOCTOBt.pHOCTLK) CMOaceMl 




44 pyecKOB BorATCTBO. 

nocTaBHTL nporHoat 3;jia ffBjiemft nojiHTH^ecKHXT., coii;iajiLHsix'B 

H T. A. 

XIporHOBt, KaKt 6h.tio CKasano yace, 6y;i;erb othochtlcs tojibko 
Ki MaccaMt, a ne HH^iHBHfliyyMaM'L. YcTaHOBJieHie ero OTHH)fl;i> He 
osHaqaex'L,' ^to ynpa3fl;HaeTCfl SHaqenie nam ero Jinqnaro ft hjh ot- 
M^HaexcH OTBtTCTBeHHocTb 3a jinqHHe nocTynKH. 


III. 

KaK-L OTji;ajieHHO to BpeMff, KOTopoe Moacno npe;i;cKa3aTi>? B'b 
cepe;i;HH'fe XIX B^Ka hbhjiocb $HJioco$CKoe y^enie, KOTopoe o6pa- 
THJiocb Kt 6y;i;ymeMy J^JIj^ o6'BacHeHiff nacToanxaro. To 6biji'l no3H- 
THBHSMt. npefl;cTaBjieHie nosHTHBHCTOBt 6y;i;ymeM'B 6ijjio orpanH- 
'leHO. KoHT'L He 3Hajit eme Toro OT;i;ajieHHaro npomjiaro, KOTOpoe 
jieacHTt 3a npefl;'fejiaMH HCTopin, bo bchkomi cjiyqat, ne npn^aBaji'L 
eMy 3HaqeHiH bi HCTopin qejioBi^ecTBa. Ont npHHHMaji'L, ^to Bt 
nponiJiOM'L Jiiojifl. 6wjiH Bcerjija tojbko jiioj^lmh h ^to bi, 6yfl;ym,eM'B 
jiio^iiH ocTanyTLca tojibko xaKOEHME, KaKt h bt> HacT0Hn];eM'L. Kohtb 
BH^^tjn, HTo CTapwfi o6n;ecTBeHHHft CTpofl pymHTca h, nofl;BeprHyB'B 
aHajiH3y chjih, nojiTa^HBaiontia BSTXoe oCmecTBO, safliyMajit cant 
CTaTHKy o6n];ecTBeHHaro nopafl;Ka, ^oJiaceHCTByio^aro saMtHHTt npem- 
Hifi. „^HTaH KoHxa hjih yqeHHKa ero ^pe^epHKa FappHCOHa, — roBO- 
pHTt yajiBCL, — MH nocTOiiHHo MOsceMt HaTOJiKHyTBCH Ha ofljHy mhcjil: 
BHJiotH'feKor;i;a oSmecTBO, Haxofl;HBineeca b% ycTofiqHBOM'L cocToaniH. 
HejiOBtqecTBO, laKi CKa3aTi>, cHfl,ifejio chokoSho. noxoM^ nejiOBt- 
'lecxBo npHmjio Bt fl;BHffleHie; ho Korfl;a oho odpixext hobhS nopa- 
jiS)ET>y HaMiqeHHLifi no3HXHBHCxaMH, OHO OHflXL ocH;a;exi H eyfliexx. 
cqacxjiHBO h j^obojilho. 9x0X1 H;i;eaji'L, — npojijojiacaext y.9JiLC'L, — 6hji'b 

BHOJIHi^ HOHHTeHt Bt nepBOfl nOJOBHHt XIX Bi^Ka; HO JIIO^H XX 

B^Ka, po;i;HBniieca nocjii^ noaBJienia „npoHCXoacfl;eHia bh;i;ob'b", — ne 
Moryxt yne fl;0B0JiLCXB0BaxbCH B3rjiHfl;aMH cxaparo no3HXHBH3Ma. Mh 
3HaeMi xenepL, qxo ^ejioBtqecxBo h BecL Mipt abjihioxch xojibko 
o;i;hhm'b $a3FC0M'B fiesKone'iHofl SBOJiioi^iH. Mh MoaceMi orjianyxBca 
xenepB na h^crojibko MHJiJiioHOB]& ji'j^x'b. Mbi 3HaeM'B, KaEia 6e3K0- 

He^HBia $OpMH paSBHJIHCB H3'B nepBOfiwXHOfi KJI^XO^KH. BBTCfflee 

npoHBJieHie 9B0JiK)i^iH BHpa3HjiocB xenepB b'b xpyji;ax'B y^enBixi, b% 
SByKaxi My3BrKH, btb KpacKax'B xy^oacHHKOB'B... CMOxpa na 6yffyni;ee, 
MH MoaceMi npefl;cKa3axB xaKyio ace 6e3KOHeqHyH) i^inB OBOJiioaiH. 
HejioBiKt — He KOHg^naa $opMa ea. ^xo dy^iexi nocjirb qeJiOBiKa? 
9x0X1, BonpocB npefl;cxaBJiaexi 3axBaxHBaK)miH HHxepecB, ho ero 
MH He MoaceMi* noKyfl;a npeSBHfl,txB. OxB^xa enije Hixi; ho 3a xo 
MoacHO fliaxB ero fl;jia 6oaifee 6jiH3Karo fiy^y^aro, Kor;ia ^ejiOBtK'B 
ocTanexca eniie xaKonHMi... He xpy^jHo J^0Ka3axB, qxo b'b 6oji'fee hjie 
Meni^e ox;i;ajieHHOM'B 6y;i;yni;eM'B, qepe3'B fl;Ba BifeKa hjih qepesx ^e- 
caxB, Bce qejiOBt^ecxBO o6pa3yex'B oji;ho rpoMa^Hoe ofintecxBO. ko- 


/ 
HSt AHriiii. 45 

'Topoe c6pocHTi> ct ce6ff see, ^to ecTL b-l JiK);i;axi> HH3Karo h 6e- 
cTiajiBnaro; o6mecTBO 3to yHaqToxcHTi* Bce, ^to jii.iaeT'L TeiiepL 
mmnh Mpa^HoS, c^pofl h Hec^acTHofi. 9toti» Mipt, HaceJieHHHS 
oHeprH^HHMH, c^acTJiHBHMH H pasyMHHMH jik);i;lmh, yace, TaKt CKa- 
aaxb, npeji,i» HaMH, Ha BepniKH'fe xojiMa. ^to naxo^iHTCJi 3a nocjuhji,- 
HHMH, MH eme He MOKeMt bha^tb; ho Boodpaacenie yra^^tiBaext bi 
Tynan^ Bi&KOBi. npocneKXH eni;e 6ojiie 6jiecTflni;ie... „no^eMy Bce 
;n;ojiacHO KOH^HTLCff ^ejiOBiKOMTb? IIoqeMy noji;HHMaiontaHca KpHBaa 
9B0jiK)AiH He Moacexi. bboAth ente BHHie?" Bce fljOKasHBaeTTb, hto 
MH Haxo;i;HMCa xenepB bx $a3Hc^ 6Hcxparo, 6e3npHMtpHaro pas- 
BHxiff. YcjiOBia, npn KOxopHX^ jiio^h acHByxx., H3MtHHH)xcH ct no- 
pa3HxejiLH0H H Bce B03pacxaK)ni;efi 6HCxpoxoft. A mh 3HaeMi, ^xo 
He 6hjio eni;e BH;i;a, KOxopMft ne nsMi^HHJica 6h cl nepeM^HoS 
oKpyacaioni.HX'B ycjioBifi. Bt XIX BiKi OKpy2caioni,iff nejiOB^Ka ycjio- 
Bia liQwhEBJiECh fiojitme, ^iMt paHLnie bx. xe^enie XHca^n jiixx.. 
Cxo Jiixx. xoMy Ha3afl;x> HSCJii^OBaxejiefi h H3o6pi&xaxejiefl 6Hjia 
Maio. TenepL Ha;^x. H3o6p'fexeHiaMH pafioxaext i^^jiaff opraHH30- 
BaHHaa apMia. jBaTO^THft b^kx., — roBopnxx. YajiBCX., — yBH^HXx» ' H30- 
6pixeHiH H oxKpHxiff, npejix* KOxopHMH Bce, c;i;i&JiaHHoe Bt ;i;eBax- 
HaOTaxoMib BiKi, noKamexcH HH^xoffiiHUMX. ^ejiOB^^iecxBO HHKorfl;a ne 
j^ofliHext fl;o KyjiLxypu, Koxopyio CMoacext fla3Baxi> OKOH^axejiBHoS. 
06mecxB0 HHKor;i;a He Haxoji;HJiocL bx» a6cojiK)XHo-cxaxHqecKOMX. co- 
GxoaHiH H HHKorji;a ne cxanexi nnxaxLca nepenxH bx. Hero. Heao- 
Bt^ecxBO H^exi Bnepe;!;^. Oho coSpaao pa3'B HaBcer;i;a cboh noxo^;- 
HHe maxpH h xposyjiocL bx» nyxL. „Mh — HaKanyn^ BejiH^afimnx't 
nepeM^Ht, KOxopHH Korjija jih6o nepesHBajio ^ejiOB^^ecxBO. Mh ne 
BHSHMi nopa3HxeJiLHHX'B HHi;H;i;eHxoB'B; ho nacxynjieHie yxpa, Kor;i;a 
He6o 3aBOJioqeHO xy^aiiH, xoace He 03HaMeH0BHBaexcH HHKaKHMH 

pi^3RHMH HBJieHiHMH. Mm HO MOaCOM'b CKa3aXB XOPJlja, B^B KaEOH 
HMeHHO MOMOHXl KOH^IHJIg^CL XBMa H HECXynHJIX. CB^XX. Ho fljeHL Ha- 

cxynaexi Hesan^XHO... Mh BBj^HMt bgjojij naKonjieHie SHania, a 
^ep3aioni;eMy pasyjiy nixt npeflj^jaiOBt. Hh^xo eMy ne 3aKa3aH0. 

Bce, 1X0 BH^ijio jifi cHxx» nop-L leaoBtqecxBO, 3xo xojibko nep- 
BHa cyMepKH pa3CBixa. Bce, ixo pa3yMX, cBepniHJix fl;o CHxt nopt — 
HHixoacHO nepeflix. xifeMt, qxo npe^cxonxi eMy em:e cnqprnnxB. Mh ne 
MOaceMX. enie CKasaxB, qifejit 6yfl,exx. leaoB-feiecxBO, Kor;n;a nacxynnx^ 
^OHB. Mh iHHiB Jim^, BHpocfflie Bt yxpeHHHX'B cyMepKaxi..." 

TaKOBa Moni;Haa KapxHna, nafipocaHHaa narnHMt aBxopoMt. Ha- 
yqHHg nporH03x. yxoMaaax, ero, h oh^ h^^ckojilko pa3'fc, na Kpnatax'B 
(j[»aHxa3iH, HHxaaca nepejiexixt iepe3x> xoxx> rpeSeflt xoana, o ko- 
xopoM'L Snao ynoManyxo BHnie. YdJihCh ji;o csxt nopx, nncaax* 6ea- 
.lexpHCXHKy H, HO npeHMyni;ecxBy, ^aHxacxHiecKyio. TenepB hocmo- 
xpHM^B, 1X0 npefl;BHAHX'L OHX) Bt 6aHacafinieMX> 6y;[i;yfli,eM'fc. BosBpa- 
THMca Kx» KHHri, KOXopoH 6Haa pliiL BX» npomaoMX> hhclm^. Kt 
coacaa^HiK), mh xyxt ne Bcer;i;a bh;i,hmt> KapxHHH, Koxopna aaxna- 
THBaaH 6u nacB. „CaaBa CHjiLHUMt, yMHHMX» h 3HeprHiHHMX»! Tope 


46 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO, 

cjaSHMi, orpaHHqeHHHMi h eesBOJiLEHMi.! HepBUM'B yroTOBaHi 
KpacHLifi yroji'B; BTopHXt acjueT'L nponacTt, h qtm cKopfee ohh 
6pocaTca Ty;i;a, t^mi. Jiyqme". TaKona cyib khhth „npe;i;cKa3aHm". 


IV. 

HaH6oji'£e xapaKiepHMMi noc-Tfe;tCTBieMi nporpecca HayKH, Me- 
xaHH^ecKofl TexHHKH, a, BTb oco6eHHOCTH, pasBHTiH HOBHXt cnoco- 
6oBT> coo6meHia hbhtch „pacTBopeHie" CTaparo oSmecTBa h bo3- 
HHKHOBenie hobux^ KJiaccoBt. PesyjiBiaTOMi „pacTBopeHia" h npo- 
i];eoca Hosaro CHHTesa Moryxi, 6htb 6ojiBmia h npaBOBwa bohhbi; 

HO, Bt KOHI^i KOHUiOBl., HO , MHtfliH) aBTOpa, ;i;OJiaCHO C03fl;aTBC5I 

„MipoBoe rocy^apcTBO", 3aji;a^efl KOToparo 6yfl;eTi, Mnpnoe pasBHxie. 

Bt aKOHOMH^eCKOM'L CMMCJli, — rOBOpHTL YdJlhCh, — TaKoe „MipoBoe 

rocyfl;apcTBo" yme cymecTByeTi. Ja^e h TenepB napo^M noKy- 
naioTt H npofliaioTi, na o^^ehxi, h xixi. :Ke pHHKax'B, „xoTa o6jia- 
;i;aTejiH HtKOxopBiX'B cTapHHHHX'B npaB'b B3HMaK)T'B eme noinjiHHy 
TaMt H cflMx, H HH^yci yMHpaeTi otl rojio;i;a, a HTajitaHei^'b Tep- 
flHTt KpaHHK)io HHmeTy, npeacfl;e ^iwb repManeAi. hjih aHrjiH^aKHHt 
<5TaHyrB Hyac^aTBca b-b xj^S-fe". TenepB hh ojh^esl nai^ia ne Moacex'B 
npej^iaBHTB aocoJiioTHoe h ncKJiio^HTejiBHoe npaBO na H3BicTHyK) 
TeppHTopiH). HBiHifflHia rpaHHii;H 03HaqaK)T'B jihihb Tpe6oBaHiji na 
HaeicTHHe yrojiKH Miposux'B phhkob'b. „9th Tpe6oBaHiH hm'Iiot'b 
BaatHoe 3Ha^eHie bte* oasaxi Jiiofl;eH, B3op'B KOTopBix-B o6pameH'B Kt 
npoDiJiOMy; ho JinnteHH BcaKaro CMHCJia b'b rjiasax'B jiK)ji,efi, Hni;y- 
HUHX-B 3% dyjiiynieM'B pa3ptaeHifl MHorHXi ocjio®HeHifl".no MHiniio 
aBTopa, cxpeMJienie kx. naitioHajiBHofi 'o6oco6jieHHocxH mohcho cpaBHHxs 
o-B HejiaHieMX» qejiOB^Ka schxb bi HSBicxHOMi oKpyrt, ne Ha6jiK)fl;aa 
^aHHxapHHXTb xpeSoBanifl h ne njiaxa roponcKHxi HajioroBx> na xomb 
ocHOBaniH, gxo ero flii&;i,yniKa 6uji'h o^enB xoponiifl qejiOB^Ki. Chj[h 
MexaHH^ecKaro h nay^Haro nporpecca fiopioxca npoxKB-B xaKoS na- 
ii;ioHajiBHOH o6oco6jieHHOcxH h npoxHBx, napxHKyjiapH3Ma. ^^m-b axo 
€03HaHie cxanexi* acnte; i'^^m'b nejiOBi^^ecxBO Jiyqnie noflMei^ ne- 
yMOJiHMOCXB MexaHH^ecEHxib saKOHOBi pasBHxia, x-feMi, no mh^- 
hIk) YajiBca, MOHBniHM'B KpoBonpojiHxieM'B 6y;i;exx» conpoBoacji;axBca 
hobh8 o6in;ecxBeHHHfl cnnxes'B. ABxop^ HacxanBaexx* na xom^, hxo 
KaK'B npor^eccB pacxBopenia oSmecxBa, xaKi n CHHxe3x> coBepnieHHO 
BHt ^ojin H KOHxpojia qejLOBiKa. HpoixeccB axoxi csepmaexca Me^- 
^enno, ho xaKace HeyKOCHHxejiBHO, KaKi BcaKoe ;i;BH^eHie bi npH- 
po;i;i, Hanp., no;i;Haxie KOHXHHenxa h pa3pynieHie ropnoS n;4nH. 
„^po^ecc^b MoacHO eme cpasHnxB cb rpoMa^aiHofl c^xbk), KOXopoH) 
o6bhjih JiK);i;efl h kohi^bi Koxopofi. Bce CojiBme h 6ojiBuie cxarn- 
Baioxca. JIio;i;h Moryx-B Bpaacji;oBaxB Me2Kji;y co6oh) hjih ;npyacHXB, mo- 
ryxi na^HHaxB bohhbi h Kpn^axB o acejiaHiH „;npaxBea ^o nocjii^- 
Haro", — dxB Bce oojiBme h 6ojiBme cxarHBaexca". 


H31. AHrJIH. 47 

Ji;eTep:MeHH3Mi» FajiLca He npHSHaeii, HHKaKHXt HCKjuo^emfi. 
I[pefl;i> HaMH „HCTopii^ecKifl MaTepiajiH3Mt", ho tojibko eme 6ojL^e 
npaMOJiHHeHHHS, euj,e 6oji'fee nenpeKjioHHHH, cBefl;eHHBT8 Kt eni.e 
oojiie ajteMeHTapnofl $opMt. 

EpoAeccL CHHxesa yace Ha^ajics. ^ejioBiqecxBO yace fljaBHO 
HCHUTHBaeTi nacxoaTejiBnyK) Heo6xofl;HMOCTi> rpynnnpoBaTBca ne 
TaKt, KaKt yKasHBaiOTt HUH-feniHia reorpa^H^ecKin rpaHHi^H, B-b 
HacToani,ee BpeMJi cymecxByeTt ne MeHtme haxh Momnwx'L ^BHace- 
Hifl napoAHaro oStefliHHeHia. Mw HMieMt, npea5;^e Bcero, anrjio- 
caKCOHCKoe T^BHacenie, aaT^Mt — SpHxancKia HMnepiajiHSMi,, nanrep- 
MaHHSMi, naHCJOLaBHSMt H 3apoac;i;eHie jiaxHHCKaro coiosa. Uoji.'b 
BJiianieMi, acecxoKaro o6pameHiH 6tjiLixx> ce i^B^xHOKoacHMH, KpoMt 
Toro, 3apo3K;i;aexca xenept coiosi* jjacejLXHXi," pacB, KOxopHii, no 
MH^HiK) YsjiLca, HGMHHyeMO ocynj,ecxBHXC« qepe3'fc nicKOJiBKo jii&x'B. 
Bci 3XH coK)3Br HM'feiox'B i^^jiBK), Hpeacffe Bcero, caMOoSopony; ohh 
cxpeMaxca oxcxoaxB cboh odR^an, sshkb, saEOHBi oxte* KaKoro 6bi 
TO HH 6hjio nociiraTejiBCTBa. Ohh chjiok) Bemefl BBiHyacfl,eHBi fiy^yxi 
6opoxBca 3a npeofijia^ame. HopMaJiBHoe ;i,^HcxBie ecTecxBeHHBixi> 
CHJi'B He ^lionycKaex-B omdrbAbuazo cyni;ecxBOBaHia m*]^cxhbix'b co- 

H.iajIBHBTX'B CHCXeMX». 

naHrepMaHH3M'B, naHjiaxHHH3M'B h npo^ie „naHH" co3;i;afl,yxi oco- 
Cyro KyjiBxypy, xapaKxepHBia qepxti Koxopoii Moryx'B nepeacHXB pac- 
XBopenie cxapHXTb odniecxBB h paaciaxBca no BceMy Mipy, KaKB ne- 
pea^Haa rpe^ecKaa KyjiBxypa yHH^xoacenie 9jrjia^Bi. „E;i;hhcxbo hh 
B-B KoeMTb cJiy^a^ ne oanaqaexB o;i;Hopo^HocxH. M^&mx Sojibhio co- 
i^ajiBHHfl opraHHSMi, x^mtb cjiojKHte h pa3Hoo6pa3Hte ^acxn ero, 
TiM'B MHoroo6pa3Hte Bjiianie wh neMB xajiaHxa, xapaKxepa h o6pa- 
30BaHiH'^ KaEOBa gjinacafiniaa cy^BSa ynoMflnyxHX'B Han.ioHajiBHHX'B 
;i;BHaceHi3? (naHJiaxHHH3Ma, nanrepMaHHSMa h np.). GoMHHxejiBHO, no 
MH^niK) aBxopa, ?xo6b[ naHJEaxHHCKaji hjih nancjiaBflHCKan H;i;efl 

HMi^JIH 60JIBni0S yon-feX^B H MOFJIH 6bI BH3BaXB CJliaHie pa3JIHgHHXB 

Bapoji;HOCTefl. JIaxHHCKia Hapo;i,HOCXH, hjih, no xepMHHOJioriH YajiBca, 
^BJieMeHTBi JiaTHHCKaro CHHxe3a" xaKi. pa3ctaHH no loacnofl h uoh- 
TpajiBHofi AMepHKi H no 6eperaMB CpeSHseMHaro Mopa, »ixo na 
9K0H0MH^ecKifl 001031* Meacfl,y hhmh nirB HHKaKofi Ha;i;eJKfl;H. CKopi^e 
Bcero B^pOHXHO, qxo npH 6yfl;ynj,eMi» „CHHxe3t" HandoJiie fljapoBH- 
Taa ^acTB $paHn;iH BofijiiexB bb cocxaBi „pefiHCKO-HHji.epjraHfl;cKaro 
coio3a". HnxepecM ci^Bepnofl ^acxH Hxajiin BJieKyx-B ee ne kb 
PHMy H KB K)ry, a ki IIlBefii^apiH. h Boacnofi repManin. ^xo ace 
Kacaexcff loacHo-aMepHKaHCKHXB pecny6jiHKi., to hm^ upeacfl,e Bcero 
npe;i;cxoHXi cjinxBca, a 3aT'£MB no^nacTB hoa'b nojiHTH^ecKoe one- 
KyncTBO CtBepo-AMepHKancKHX'B Coeja;HHeHHBixB fflxaxoBB, Koxopoe 
yjKe H TenepB CKa3HBaeTca. KpoMi axoro, xojibko bo ^parn^in h b'b 
ciBepnoH • Hxajiin ecTB Ha;i;eacflia na HHTejjieKTyaJiBHyH) 3BOJiK)n;iio, 
KOTopaa HeH36'feacHO ^ojiacHa npe;i;niecTBOBaTB BcaKOMy ;i;BHHeHiK) k'b 
mnpoKOMy noJiHXH^ecKOMy cHHxe3y. 


I 


48 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

Topas^o oo.ite Mpaqno CMOTpiiTi» Ybjilci Ha naHCJiaBHSMX. 
Ilpome roBopa, ohi cTasHTx KpecTi n&ji.'h bc^mx cjiaBffHCKHM'b 
MipoMi. Cjii^Hie cjiaBffHCKHXi. HapofliHOCTeft, no MHtniH) aBTopa, 3a- 
TpyAHeno t^m^, ^to na pyccKOMi, ^emcKOM'B h nojibCKOM'L asH- 
Kaxi cymecTByiOT^ OTjifkjihBusi jiHTepaTypH, o^HHaKOBO hohth 6o- 
raTMH; ho hh o]i,Ra, h3'l hex's He Moaceirb bshtb sepxi bo BceM'b 
ciaBaHCKHMt Mipi. Pocciff, KOTopaa ;i;oji3KHa 6h cociaBHTB n;eHTp'B 
CHHTesa, — fl;o Heni^poaTHOCTH OTCTajia oxt sana^^Ho-eBponeficKHXt 
o6ni:ecTB'B. ,,61 HeS HiTt Toro MomHaro cbohmi pasBHTieMt cpeji;- 
Hffro KJiacca, KOTopoMy cyay^eno nrpaiB TaKyio BaacHyio pojit". 
YdJLhCL ;i;aace h lenept ne ycMaipHBaeT'L HapoacseniH aioro KJiacca. 
TaKi KaKii fl;aace Bt Boflnaxt npocxoe ^HCJieHHoe npeo6jiafl;aHie 
Ha'iHHaex'B xepaxB ana^eHie, xo, no MHifeHiio anxopa, BoopyacenHHa 
cxojiKHOBeHia Poccin ci es 3ana;i;HHMH coci^aMH ne Moryxi kjio- 
HHXBca Kt BHro;i;i ea. 3ana;iHue cjiaBaHe cojiLioxca ci i^eHxpajiBHO- 
eBponeflcKHMt o6n^ecTBOMt, npeji;cKa3HBaex'B Hamt npopoKi. Hxo ace 
Kacaexcff Poccin, to ona „6yfl;eT'B cocxoaxL H3t jijByx'B ajieMenxoB'b: 
HSt rpyoHXi noMtni,HKOBi> hjh fl;BopaHX adcenxeHcxoBi fl;a HS'b 
nojiy;i;HKoS, Bife^HO rojro;a;HOH, 6e3noMOin;Hofi h nec^acxHoS KpecxLan- 
CKOfi MaccH". 

CypoBOcxB npnroBopa ootacnaexca, so-nepBHX'B, t^m-b, ^o 
YdJihG%, xoxa MHoro ^Hxaji'B Poccin, ho snaexi ee H3t Bxopiix'B 
HCTO^HHKOB'L, HO nepeBOfljEHMt co^HHeniaMt. Bo-BiopBixt, MHoria 
aBjienia, Kt KOXopHMi mh, pyccKie, noqxn npnBHKJiH, nopaacaioi'B 
HHocxpaHi^eB'B, no;^aBJiaK)Ti nxi n 3aKpHBaK)XT» nut secB ropnsoHXt. 
EcjiH MOffiHO xaKi. BMpa3HiBca, HHocxpaHHHe Ha6jiio;naxejiH, KaKi 
YajiBCB, ^HxaioTi ^yacia KyjiBxypu, npnMtnaa xy a36yKy rpaac;i;aH- 
GTBeHHOcxn, Koxopaa cymecxByerE b^ nxi» expand. 

no MHi^HiK) namero npopoxa, Poccia 6y;i;exi cBoero po^a Hp- 
jraHj!;ia, no xojilko Sesi. SMHrpanin, x. e. cxpanofl xponn^ecKHXt 
roiOfljOBOKi. „fl ne Bnacy hh o^Horo M*cxa bi Poccin, — roBopnxt 
OHt, — rfli* Morjo 6u BOsnnKHyxB xaEoe rycxoe ropo^CKoe nacejie- 
Hie, KaKt, nanp., no Peftny. 3Kejii3HO^opoHHHa jmnin npoBe;i;eHLr 
xaKTb, ^TO oxpHBaioxt Pocciio OTh 3anafl;HO-eBponeScKofl acnsHn". 
Ol pasBHxieMX HOBHXt nyxefl cooSntenia, Kor;i;a Mope yxpaxnx^ nt- 
cKOJiBKO cBoS xapaKxep^ dojitmofi ji;oporH, xoproBoe sna^enie He- 
xep6ypra, npe^^cKasHBaexi YaJTBci, ji,oji3Kao ynacxB. „Cbohmh nrapo- 
KHMH yjini^aMH, BCJinKOJi^nnHMH 3;i;aHiaMH, sHa^enieMTB, KaKi nojH- 
xH^ecKiS i^enxpt cxpanH, — IlexepSyprB 6yji;exTb xor^a nanoMnnaxt 
Jj6jLim'h^. Cxo^cxBO yBejiH^HXca xifeMt, hxo ropoji;^ onycxiext btb npo- 
MHffljieHHOMi oxHonieHin, n xiMt, qxo 3a hhm^ fiy^exi. pascxnjiaxtca 
„6e3K0HeqHaa, neiajiBHaa cxpana, HaeejienHaa nnn^HMn-KpecxLa- 

HaMM 

Bt Hacxoaniiee Bpejia n;eHTpi noJinxn^ecKaro xaroxiHia Poccin 
saMixHO nepenocHxca na boctokt.. B:b cniy axoro, YdJihCh npe;n;- 
BHjUnxt, HTO B'B fijinmaHinoMt dy^yn^eM-L Poccia, o^enL B03MoacHO, 


' 


HSl AHrJIIH. 49 

cTaHCTt TBep;^oS Horofi h% KHTa-fe. Hocjiij^cTBieM'B fiyj^eTTb to, ^to 
OHa Torj^a cTaHeit coBepmeHHO btb CTopoH^ ott. ji.'feflcTBiff npoii,ecca 
eBponeficKaro „CHHTe3a". Ha KpaflneM'E BocTOK'fe pyccKan jiHTepa- 
Typa H pyccKifi asHKi He Morywi o;i;epacaTi> nojiHyio noCtjiy Haai 
TyseMHbiMH ffSHKaMH H jiHTepaTypaMH. JpyrHMH cjioBaMH, He mo- 
aceTi 6hti, hojhoS aMajiLraManiH Hapo^HOCTefl, He MoaceT^ npo- 
H3oflTH TO „pacTBopeHie** H TO B03C03;n;aflie ofimecTBeHHHxx 3Jie- 

MeHTOBt, KOTOpHXt 6HJia pt^L Wb nJ)0niJI0Mt HHCLM'fe. 

Ha ocHOBaHiH Bcero 9Toro, YdJiho% npHXOjuHTT, kt, BLiBo;i;y, ^to 
Bi ji;Bafl;n.aTb nepsoMT. b^k^ Tpy^no npejiBHja;'feTt cymecTBOBanie Mom- 
naro KyjitTypnaro caaBancKaro o6n;ecTBa. HaMi, pyccKHirB, no3Bo- 
jUHxejiLHO ycoMHHTBOi B% Mpa^HHXt BHEO^axTt npopoKa. H He 
TOJiLKO noTOMy, qTO Harae Haii;ioHajii»Hoe caMOjiio6ie cTpa;i;aeTi> oti 
3Toro. Mh, jiyqme HHOcTpaana noHEMan po;nHHy, bh;i;hmT), ^to omnflKa 
YajiLca cocToajia b% cjii^iiyiOHzeMT*. YcjiobIsi, fleojaronpiaTflLra ^jih 
KyjaiBTypnaro pa3BHTi« CTpanu, Ybjibct. npHHajii 3a h^^to nepMa- 
HeHTHoe. KaKt HHOCTpaHeui, npHM^Haiontifl ji^isi pa3fflH$poBKH ^y- 
aco8 KyjiBTypH cboh) a36yKy rpaacsancTBeHHOcTH^ YdJihci, nocTaBHja 
KpecTi Haflit HacejieHieMi; asTopi ;i;yMaeTi», ^to HaceJieHie, MHpa- 
meeca c% HefijraronpiarHHMH ycjoBiaitH h npncnocofijiaiomeeca ki 
HHMi, HecnoooSno z% nporpeccy. Mh, pyccKie, 3HaeMi, ^to 3to ne 
BtpHO* HaMt H8B*CTH0, KaKofi rpoMafl;HHfl sanaci Heno^aTHxt ofime- 
cTBeHHHXi cBjrt ecTL y Hact; aanacB, KOTopufi xo;homi> Benxefl, 
paHO HJiH noB^HO, HeMHHyeMo 6j]i,eT% BBifl;BHHyT'B BnepefliT.. yajiLci, 
ecTecTBeHHHK'B no odpasoBaniio, HHTaeTi cjiafiocTt Ki XHMHHecKHMi 
TepMHHaMT.. Bhtb MOJKeTx, n03B0JHTejiLH0 6jjsjdT% H HaMi ynoTpe- 
6htb TaKoS TepMEHt: bx nacToamee BpeMa npoHCXOfl;HTi upoi^eccL 
camypai^iu 6oj[%e niHpOKaro Kpyra ^HraTOJiefi, ^^wh aTO 6hjio :fl;e- 
cHTB-ffBaOTaTB jL^Tb TOMy Hasa^i. flBHJica TenepL ^HTaTejiL, o ko- 
TopoMt H noMHHa He 6hjio npeffifl;e. Mh, pyccKie, snaeMt, ^to name 
o6m;ecTBO ne tojibko coctohti h3t> Tixt jaiByxt KJiaccoB'B, o koto- 
pHXi» rOBopHTx Ybjibcb. Co3HaTe.ii>HHe H KpHTH^ecKH OTHOcantieca 
Kt A*8cTBHTejiBH0CTH 3JieMeHTbi oTpoHJiHCB fl;aBHo yace. Mh, pyc- 
CKie, noatoMy, Htttem 6ojiLnie irpaBa noBTopaxL ne cjiOBa OTXCja;- 
Hofl, KaiCTt coB*TyerB npopoKt, a cthxh lEHJiJiepa „KojiyM6'B*': 

«Jlaji'fee, cuijihifi njoBea,3»!.. . -,> 

Ilyctb, yTOMHumiicb, py:ii> BuiiycTHT-b KOpM^ifi HSTb pyKi> — 

/laj-fee, j^ajite k^b 3aiia;iy! J^ojLTnewh TaM-B 6eper'B hbhtlch; 

HcBO BH^HTCfl OH-B MLicjH TBoeii B;i;aji^%! 

BtpyS BoxtaTaro paayiiyl Bo;^po dwbb OReaBoicB*. 

Ha nepBHH Bsrjia^i KaaceTca, wo Bci ycjiOBiu CjiaronpiaTOTByioirL 
Toxy, ^toiSh BOSEHKi moii];hhS nanrepMaHCKiS cods^b^ cxpeHaii3,iSca 
K'f> saxBaTy BJiacTH bii i^eHTpajiLHofi EBposi, bi sana^HoS Adin ^ 

>B 4. OTAtJii> II. «A^ 4 


50 


PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 


Bi paarpoMJieHHHX'B 3anafl;H0-cjiaBaHCKHX'B rocyAapcxBaxt. He no;n;- 
jieacHT'B coMH^niK), — roBopnrB YajiBCi, — ^xo b% nacxoamee BpeM« 
EBTj^i wbvh xaKoro fioraxo oji;apeHHaro, aneprnqHaro cpefljHaro 
Rjiacca, KaK'B b% repManlH. EncxpuS aEOHOMnqecKiS ycn^x'B en b% 
BHa^HxejiLHofl cxeneHH HBJiaexcH peayjELxaxoMi jMCXBeHHaro pasBH- 
xia, 3axtMt nojiHXH^ecKoa h BoenHOfi chjih. Ho xpaji;Hi^ia o no- 
dt^naxi, KOxopoH) npoHHKHyxH xenept Hi&M^H, — asHxca coMHHxejiB- 
HHMt fijiaro^ianieMt He xojibko fl;jia EBponH, ho h ;n;jiJi caMofl 
repManiH, — nojiaraext anxopi. Besx. coMHiHia, reorpa^H^ecKiJi 

Onepxaniff, fl^ftCXBia SKOHOMHieCKHXt CHJt, MOmHOCXB KyjiBxypBi, — 

npoj^ojiacaexi ohx, — roBopaxt 3a xo, ^xo repMania cojitexca ct 
iteHxpaJiLHofl EBponofi; ho ne aa xo, ^xo nocjitfliHaa 6jji,eTT> repiia- 
HHSHpoBana. Ecxt o;i;Ha cHJia, Koxopaa noMtniaext ;n;a3Ke nojinoMy 
CHHxesy repMancKHxt aaeMenxoBi, a hmohho npyccKifl MOHapxHSMi. 
YMCXBeHHoe pasBHxie repManm bx HiKoxopofi cxeneHH, no MH^Hiio 
ysjiLca, HaMi^aexca npyccKofl BJiacxtio. „Bes'h coMHiniff, npeo6jia- 
inanie bojih HMnepaxopa npn^^aexi H3BicxHoe e^HHCXBO repMancKoS 
noJiHXHKi^ H ycHJEHBaexi sHa^eme ea. Ho cxpana Bnocjit^cxBiH 
ji;ojiacHa ;i;oporo aanjraxHxt sa axo. Bneprn^HHe h cnoco6HHe rep- 
MaHCKie HMnepaxopBi npoasjifliox'B HexepnHMOCxB Kt BOsaptniaMt, 
Koxopna He cHMnaxH^HH hmx>, h crjiohhh nacnjiLHO naBasaxB gboh 
B3rjia;i;u. Hpn xaKofl CHCxeMi caMofiKPrnoe h KpynHO-opnrHHajiBHoe 
He Moacex'B pasBHXBca. HsB^cxHHa orpaHH^ema, HajioxeHHua na 
repMaHCRyio mhcjib HMnepaxopcEoB BjiacxBio, ;n;ojiSHH, b'b KOHi^t 
KOHn;oB'B, HefijiaronpiaxHO oxo3BaxBca na HHxeJiJieKxyajiBHofl axMo- 
c$ep*, cocxaBJiaioni;efl rjiaBHyio cejlj repManiH. 

H B'B 9X0MX. oxHomeniH, mh4 Kasexca, oi^inKa namero npo- 
poKa ho B^pna. Ecjin Men;eHaxcxBO, cb o^Hofl cxopoHH, ne co3ji;aexi 
HH^ero, KpoMt cepBHJiH3Ma (3X0 npHM^HHMo ffaace ktb xajianxaM-B 
nepBofi bojih^khh: Jiy^mia npoH3Be;i;eHia IIlHjiJiepa h Texe nann- 
canu ne npn BefliiapcKOMi ji;Bopi; „Ou.uti> o npanaxi", „3ani,Hxa 
KaJiJiaca", „KaHji;H;ni'B" h „$HJioco$cKifi cjionapB" BnynieHBi Bojib- 
xepy ne axMOC$epofl ^Bopa *pH;i;pHxa H h np.), xo, cb ^pyroS, k'b 
c^acxBH), HHKaKaa' CHJia ne Moacexx cKOBaxB mbtcjib. BnJiBrejiBMTb H 
aBXopHxexHO BHcxynaex^ xyfljoacecxBennHM'B h jiHxepaxypHHM'B KpH- 
xHEOMi; HO B3rjia;i;H ero, no Bcefi Bi^poaxHOcxn, ne noMtniaBox'B 
opHrnnaJiBHOMy xyfl;oacHHKy hjih poManncxy cosfljaxB npoH3Be;i;eHie 
corjiacHO codcxBOHHHM'B H;i;eajiaM'B. Ybjibcx. se nojiaraexi, ^xo BJiia- 
nie npojuHKxoBaHHHX'B, nanp., BHjnbrejiBMOM'B II xyj^oacecxBeHHHxt 
B3rjia;i;oB'B cKasexca K'B neBBirojiii TepManiH. ^Bi Konn;* kohi^ob-b, — 
npoiHOJiacaexi npopoKi, — a ne inyMaio, qxo6H TepMania 3aHHMaJia 
xenepB 6oJi^e nponnyH) ^O3H^iI0, ^iMi ^paniua b'b na^ajii mecxH- 
;n;ecaxHXx> roflioB-B. Bo MHornxi oxnomeniaxx. BJiianie ea xaKoe ace, 
KaK'B $paHi^y3CKofi HMnepin... Hpn acH3HH BnjiBrejiBMa H TepMania 

npHBHEHeX-B K'B BM^axeJIBCXBy KOpOHH BO Bce. Saxi^M'B MoryTB 

HBHXBca npaBHxeJiH cb dojiBmHMX. ^ecioJUoSieMx,. Tor;i;a BHeprn^HBie 


IT" 


HS-B AHrjTIH. 51 

OJieMeHTH (o HHxt CM. npomjioe nncbMO bt. JSs 2 „P. B".) 6yfl;yTrt 
HjiH Bi^ TiopBM^ sa lesc majesty, ejlr wb HsrHamn, hjih BHHy3K;i;eHBi 
fiy^iyTt 6opoTj>cji 3a KaaKfliHfi mart". 

JIbhtch eme o;i;Ha npn^HHa, KOTopaa noM^nraeTt CHHTesy rep- 
MaHCKHX'L Hapoja;HOCTeS. FepMaHCKaJi HBinepia no naiypi MonapxH- 
^ecKaa h apHCTOKpaTHirecKaa. Tojijibmj^si ace h HlBeSi^apia, KOTopwa 
no Bci^MB fliaHEHMt ji;oji3KHH cjiHTLca CI TepMaHiefi, — • HacLimeHH 
fHfl;eaMH JiH^Hoft CBo6ofl;H. „Mo3KHO eme cefii npejucTaBHTL msefi- 
^ap^a 6epHCKaro hjih ypificKaro KaHTOHOBt, npHCoejUHHHBniaroca Kt 
nanrepMaHCKofl pecny6jiHK'fe, ho piniHTejiLHO neBOSMoacHO fl;onycTHTL, 
^to6h OHt npeimoHEJit KOJilina npe^t BnjBrejiBMOM'B 11",— roBO- 
pHTi aBTopB. KpoMi Toro, — npoji;ojiacaeTB ohi, — repManiH, ^to6h 
BHnoja[HHTB npoii,eccB CHHTesa, — npHmjiocB 6h secTH Boflny ci Poc- 
ciefl (sa BajiTiflcKia npoBHHi^iH), ci *paHii;ie8 h, Moacexi 6htb, cb 
Anrjiiefl. O^eHB B^poaxHO, Boftny co bc^mh Tpema rocyfl;apcTBaMH 
pasoM'B. 

Kb CHJiaMB ^pani^iH xenepB npHHSTO othochtbcs npeneSpeacH- 
TejiBHO, KaKB BB TepMaHiH, TaKB H BB AnrjiiH. He cMOTpa na 
CTpamHBifi paarpoMB 1870 r., He CMOTpa Ha to, tto ^pani^m He 
y;n;aj[HCB hoebitkh sanecTH TaKofi ace ^jiott., KaKx y AnrjiiH, — 3to, 
no MHiHiio YajiBca, ne yMeHBniaeTB sHa^eniH pecny6jiHKH bb 6y- 
;myni;eMB. nopaacenie npHnecjio noaBsy ^pani^yaaMB; oho paactaao 
BB yMax-B $paH^y30BB naaioaiH HMnepiaansMa, KOTopna TenepB 
^peaB^^alOTB h^kotophx'b bb AnraiH h bt* AmepHK^. *paHn;y3H ;n;o- 
^HaHCB xaEofi HoanoS cbo6oau caoBa h MHcan, EOTopaa coBepmenHO 
HeB03MoacHa bb Anrain nan bb AMepHKi, xoTa nocaifliHee o6cToa- 
TeaBCTBO, H3B HanjioHaaBHaro Tm,ecaaBia, OTpni^arorB raseiH anrao- 
caKcoHCKaro Mipa. ^panuiysBi TenepB ropas^o cnaBnifee, ^^mb bi 
1870 r., H, Bi cayqaife CToaKHOBenia c% repManiefl, noca4;nHe9, a 
He *paHn;iH, npHjueTCJi HCKaTB nofflepacKH Anrain. Bi 6opB6* „8a 
cHHTeB-B** $paHn;iji, KaKT. npeji;BHfl;HTB asTopB, 6jji,eTh cpaacaTBCa He 
o^a. Ona ^y^oTi 6opoTBCff sa IIlBefin;apiH), sa JlK)KceH6yprB, sa 
ycTBH Pefina. Bi THay y PepMaHiH 6yfl;yTB npo6yfl;HBniiffc« caaBan- 
ckIh napo^HOCTH. IIpoTHBB near, o^ohb BipoaiHO, 6yfl;eTB anrao-caK- 

COHCKift Mipi. 

repMania, bo mhofomb, noBTopaeTi HCTopH^ecKyio omndKy Poa- 
aaHfl^H, cocpefliOTO^HBHiefl HtKorfl;a Bci ycnaia, ^to6h saBecTH rpo- 
Maji;HHt $aoTi ;n;aa 6opb6h cb Anraieft, KOTopaa (6opB6a) Moraa 
^aTB HEfliepaan^aMi ToaBKO 66aBniyK) ToproBaio. 6% to ace Bpema 
roaaaH;i;ia ynycTHaa bosmokhoctb „BeaHKaro CHHTesa** (t. e. ofiBe- 
-iUHHenia) Bctai napofliHOCTefi, roBopan^Hxi na HHacne-niMei^KOM'B 
asHK*. Bb to BpeMa na stomb sisuKk roBopnaH ;niO Jya ($paHn;y3- 
<5Ki3 ropoja;B na rpaHHii;* BeaBrin) h ;n;aace ni&CKoaBKO ;n;aaBnie na 
sana^i (ji,o Appa), Poaaanfliiff c;i;*aaaa Torfl;a Anraiio cbohmb Bpa- 
roMB. TenepB PepMaHia: cTpeMHTca 3aBaafl,iTB OKeanoMB, ^to noBe- 
;HfirL Ki yBeaH^eniio aMepHKancKaro $aoTa h kb psmHKaaBHoft ne- 




^ 


62 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

peM^Hi^ aHrjuficRoS nojiHTHKH. Ta Ke npH^Hna BHSoserE, o^eHL 
BipoaTHO, cKopiflfflee o6iiefliHHeHie anrJio-caKcoHCKaro nipa. 

Ha ocHOBaHiH axHX'b coo6paseHifl aBTop'B npB[X0AHT'B k'l saEjK)- 
^eniK), TTO Bpa/iit jih „repMaHCKift CHHTesi" BOSBMeTi sepxt bs 

TOH'B T^CHOMli 8KOHOMH'q[eCK0M'b C0K)3i POpOAOBli, KOTOpHfi B03HHE- 

HBTi B'B 3anaji;HoS EBponi. repMancEaa HMnepk, x. e. cnjo^enHoe 
BHpasceHie coBpeHeHHofi HiMei^Kofl arpeccHBHoS nojiHTHRH, CjjsfiU'h 
jsjo Toro pacmaTana pn^OMi boShi Ha cymi^ h na Mopi^, ?to OHa# 
oxoTHO corjiacHTCfl Ha BCflRie komepomhcgbi. Ona BHHya^eHa 6y- 
jifiTh ji;aTL MicTO Ha nepBOHi njiani cbohm'e aHeprHiHHMt cpej^-^ 

HHM% KJiaCCaMS (KaK'b HX^b nOHHMaeTl» YdJlhCh), B'L KOHI^'6 EOHItOB'b, 

BOCTopsecTByioT'L H;i;eH ne repMancEaro HMnepiaJiHSMa, a menTpajiBHO^ 
eBponeficEia. To 6jji,jrh H^en rpaacAancEofi „$e;iiepaTHBHofi pec- 
ny6jiHEH no o6pa3i^y mBefluiapcEofi", BHpaaceHHHa na fl;Byx'B rocy- 
;i;apcTBeHHHX'B asusax'b^ ^paHi^yscEOM'L h Hi^Mei];EOM'B, EOTopne boc- 
TopacecTByjOTt bo Bcefl aanaji;. EBponi h no npH6peacLio CpejpseM- 
naro Mopa. Jl^eBaxHa^i^aTHS b^^ei* otephjigh njianoM'L (j^e^epaTHBHOt 

EBpOnH, HaMi^OHHHMl EOHBeHTOMt. DTOTt HJiaHl, B'L 3Ha^HTejIL- 

HoS ^acTH, fiy^exi, no mh^hIk) YajiBca, ocyni;ecTBjieHi ei nanajiy 
ABa^i^aTL nepBaro B^Ea. IIpoAOJiSHTejiBHocTL nepexo;i;Horo BpeMenn 
H TpyjajHOCTB ero 6yAeTi saBHciTB Bcei^ijio otl yMCTBennaro npo- 
6yKAeHiA EBponu. HeBiJKecTBeHHBiS Hapo^^, nai^H, cocToan^aA 

TOJIBEO H3'L HpaETH^eCEHX'b JHO^efi 6631 06pa30BaHiH HJIH H3'b o6- 

pasoBaHHBixi Jiio^efl 6e3t npaETH^ecEofi CHopoBEH — ne nofiMyxTi. 
H6n36&EHHXi 3aE0H0Bi cmsmsi IS. cTanyT'B pa3ji;yBaTB cxapyio Bpam;a;y 
Kb TaEOMy-TO Hapofliy hjih Et TaEOMy-TO nJiOMeHH, ^to noBe^ei^ 
B'L oJEecTO'qLeHHUM'b BofiHEM'B. ^Enpona 6yji;eT'b hm^tb cboh HpjiaH- 
H^iH H CBOH inoTJ![aH;i;iH, — roBopHTi YaJBCB. — Bi BTETh HpjiaH- 
ji;iaxi 6jjifiTh Bt^HHfl bohjib, 6e3npepHBHOe o6jiH^eHie, 6opB6%. 
EpHEH „Eapayji'B!" h np. Bi, bthxi yrjiaxi ey^^eii 6ojiBnioH npo- 
CTopx ji,jia ;i;HjijieTaHTOB'B-nojiHTHEOBt H ji;jia raseT^HEOBi no;i;HH- 
MaTB „Hai];ioHajiBHHH'' ^j^BHseniH, co3;i;aBaTB „jiHrH" a^h B03po2c;i;6- 
HiH a3BiEa, npH;i;yMHBaTB „Hapofl;HHe" eoctiomh. Hsi rjiyxHX'B yroJE- 
EOBTE* 6yfl;yTx nofliHHMaTBca bohjih MajieHBEHxi HapoffHociefl, aoEa- 
3£iBaK)ni;Hxi> cBoe neoTi&eMJieMoe npano cHji;iTB neno^HSCHO na 
6oJiBmofi ji;opor*, EaEi pasi nocepe|;HHt h nrpaiB jih)6hmhmh nrpyni-^ 
EaMH, Rorflia ^opora nyacna bc^mi fl;jiii Mesfl;yHapo;i;HHXi» cho-> 
meHifl". 

npesptnie e'b 0JL2i,6uwb onenB chjibho bi HameM'B $hjioco$6. 
Owh BH6HpaeTi o6pa3i];oM'B 6e3i^JiBHO niyMHHi:eH MajioHBEoS napo^^ 
HOCTH, yciBmeficH y bc^xi mb, nyxn — HpjiaHfliiH). Ona fiHJoia Eor^a- 
To 6ojAe EyjiBxypna, ^twh AnrjiiH. Ona HMiJia cboh $a6pHEH, CBoft 
$jiOTi. Hto6h pa3BHTB CBOK) npoMHmjieHHOCTB, Anrjiia ydnjia HpjEanj^- 
CEia $a6pHEH, BOcnpeTHJoia CTpoHTB Eopa6jiH, BHpy6HJia h cBesia. 
Bct jitca. CoTHH $a6pHEi. ji;Jia o6pa6oTEH bojioehhctbixi Ben^ecTBTt 
npeEpaxHJiH pa6oTy. JtecarEH Bep$eft sanepjiH. Thch^h pa6o^HX'E. 




mT> AHrjiiH. 53 

ocTajiHCB 6631 xjii&6a h, hto6i>i He yMepeiL-OT'L rojioji;a, bsjijihcl sa 
seMJiK); HO no6t]ijii!ejih OTo6paJi'B ee h poB^ajii nicKOjiBKHMTb noMi^- 
n^HKaMt. EcjiH MH npH6aBHMi, ^TO no6i^HTejiB BOcnpeTHJi'L noji;i. 
cxpaxoMi KaxopacHHxx padox-B no6i&ac^eHHOMy roBopnxL na CBoeMt 
asHKi H Bimaji'L yqnxejiefl, — xo mh nojiyqHM'L BEpami npefljcxaB- 
jrenie o xtxt npH^nnaxT., KOxopHJi BHSsajiH „BonjiH** b% coBpeaieH- 
HoS HpjiaH^H. H ecjiH MajxeHBEia Hapo3;HOCXH manuM^ odpaaoMt 
6yji;yT^ npio6ni;axLca k% „Bceo6ni;eMy cHHxeay", xo 3ani,HXHHKaMH 
Hxi* ffBflxcff He xojiLKO „fl;HjiexaHX£i nojiHXHKH H rasex^HKH". Kt 
ooHcajitHiH), „6ojiBniaff fl;opora KyjiLxypH" ecxL Hi^ro oxBjie^eHHoe, 
a coejiasHt, npeflicxaBjiaeMHS j^ocxoameMt cjiadHxi* — ni^xo bhojeh* 
peajiBHoe. B% nocji*fl;Hee Bpewa, nanp., BHmjia bt, Bepjinnife KHHra 
H*Mei^Karo npo$eccopa, ^^OKasHBaiomaro, ^xo no saKonaM'B Hcxopis, 
KyjiBxypM H np. TepMama o6fl3aHa saxBaxHXB FojiJiaHiniio. OffHa hsi 
npH^HHi— xome „CHAtHie na SojiBmofl «opo]**^ TepMama ne mo- 
acexi ja;onyciHXB, ^xo6h ycxBe ea 6ojiBniofi p^KH Haxofl;HJiocB b'b py- 
Kax^ MajieHBKaro napo^a, — roBopnx^ npo^eccopi. — He Moacexi ona 
xaKKe fl;onycxHXB, hxo6h cjia6aa nai^ia BJiaflitjia xaKHMH 6oraxHMH 
KOJiOHiaMH. Oh* Moryx'B B036yj^HXB saBHcxB BejiHKofi fljepacaBH, ko- 
Topaa noajejiaex-B 0BJiaji;txB hmh. B% xaKOMi cjiy^ai, axo nosejio 
€bi Ki. eBponeficKofi BOfinife. H boxt. jrorHKa y^enaro anxopa: jjXaKi 
KaKi 3axBax'B rojiJiaHfl;cKHX'B KOJiOHifl eBponeficKofi fljepacaBofl noBe- 
^liexi K'B BejiHKOft boSh4, xo, cjiTbdoeamejibHo^ ;n;jia coxpanenia MHpa, 
repMama fliOJiacHa 3aBJIaJ^ifexB 3ohji;ckhmh ocxpoBaMH..." 

YajiBc^, Bi» KOHn;^ kohii;ob'b, asejiaexi BceoSmiaro Mnpa, ho hs-b 
rjiyfioKaro npespinia B'B cjra6HMi> (xoxa o^eHB pasBHXHM'B) nai^io- 
HajiBHOcxaMi, fl;yMaexi, ^xo Bceo6mee 6jiarojiieHCXBie MO^exi aBHXBca 
pesyjiBxaxoMi xojibko BceMipnaro rpafieaca... 

yi. 

Bojiie Bcero Bipoaxeni nporH03'B naniero npopoKa oiHocHxejiBHO 
aHrjio-caKCOHCKaro Mipa. 

B'B xo Bpeiia, KaKT. na KOHXHHenxi na^iyxi, nperpa^HH, KaK'B 
asHKi H Han;ioHaJiBHBia xpa^Hn;iH, pa3fl;tjiaionua Hapoji;M, npoi^eccB 
cHHxeaa 6jjifiVh npoHcxofl;HXB Meacfl;y cxpaaaMH, vjt,^ roBopaxx no 
anrjiiflcKH. IleHxpi noBaro anrjio-caKCOHCKaro Mipa, no MniHiro 
YajiBca, 6jjifiT'h Haxofl;HXBca vjsjk HH6yfl;B Meacjuy HnKaro n Axjian- 
THqecKHMi OKeanoMi, b'b rpynni hobhxi (xo^nie, npeo6pa30BaH- 
hhx'b) ropo;i;oB'B, KoxopBie BosHHKnyx'B xaM'B. B'B 3xom'b M^cxi 6y- 
;n:ex'B jieacaxB yiicxBeHEHS, nojinxH^ecKifi h npoMBinuieHHHfl njenxp-B 
roBopamnx^ no-anrjiiftcKH napofliHocxeft (6ijiHX'B). K'b neMy dy^^ex-B 
TaroxixB Mory^aa $e^epan;ia, K'B KOXopoS, KpoM* c^feBepnofi Ane- 
pHKH, AnrjiiH h KOJiOHifi ea, npncxanexi., no coodpaacemaM'B YsjiBca, 
H CKaH;i;HHaBia. „$eji;epajiBHoe npaBHxejiBcxBO 6y;n;exi cojajepacaxB 
o6ni,ifi ^Jiox'B ji^Jis 3ani;HXH KOJionift cb ii;BixHHM'B nacejieHieM'B n 


54 


PyCOKOB BOrATCTBO. 


;9;jiii rocnoACTBa Haji^'L heme''. KoJiosiajiLHaH EMnepin axofi ^ejiepai^iE^ 
no^paac^exaM'L Yajifcca, 6jjSfiTb cocxoarL Bst Bcfixt KOJioBifi, koto- 
pHii AHoifl EwkeTh xenepL, ebi* Bcefi IIojiEsediE s MejiaHe3iE, 
SoH/iiCKBX'B E MojiyKCKEx-B ocxpoBOBX (xenept npBBa^eacaxx Toji^ 
jiaBjijiE), lOjSEofi AMepEKE E 6ojiLmeS ^acxs Ampere. TasEM-B 06- 
paaoMt, npopoK'B ;i;o3BOJwex'BrojiJiaBfl;iEnpEcoe;fl;EHBXBCEKT> „cpe;i;Be- 
eBponeficKoaiy cBBxeay"; bo npe^apBxejiLBo osa ji;oj[aKBa ox;i;axK 
CBOE kojiobIb asrJio-caKCOBCKOMy ^CBBxeay", KOxopHft ^ki KOHity 
j^jBa^i^axaro Bi^Ka 6j]ifiTh gocxoexl ESt cxa mejuiIobos'l o6pa30BaB- 
BHxt, BjajopoBuxi B cboco6bhx'b jiio;D^efl", cxoan^Bxt bo tjl2lb^ »no;i;- 

^BBeBHHXt HB'feXBOKOaCEX'B BapOfllBOCXefi". „ABrjIO-CaKCOBCKifi cee- 

Teat 6yfl;exi BaxofljExtca bo rjiaBt xpext MipoBtixt coiosoBt. OBt 
6yfl;ex'L cBMBaxESEpoBaxL apyrBMi cEHxesaMi, Koxopne cxaByxt bo3- 
BEKaxB BT> EBponi E B% Bocxo^^LBoS AbIe''. K'b Ba?aj[y A6a;i,ii;axi» 
nepBaro BiKa, no MBiBiio YajiLca, bc^ „noJiHonpaBBHe rpaffi^aHe" 
aBrjio-caKCOBCKaro coioaa, ^lepeBi noopefl;cxBO pacnpocxpaBeBia $paB- 
i];y3CRaro BSHKa, CMoryx'b GJiiji;EXb 3a yMCXBeBHofi hebblh) kobxe- 
BOBxa. ABrjiiflcKifi bbhei, bi cboh) o^epe^^t, pacnpocxpaBBxca no 
BceMy Mipy. IIo^Ba J^JIB Meac^^yBapo^^Baro cfijEHeBia k-b axoMy Bpe- 
MeBB 6jji,eTh Ba cxojilko no^roxoBJieBa, ^xo aBrjio-caKCOBCKifl „ceb- 
xe3i" BcxynEXi b^b neperoBopn ci KOsxEsexajiBBLiMi, b, Moacexi 
6hxi>, fliaace cl cojobom'b acejixuxi pact, cjiiBBiE, 061. yBEHxoace- 
bIb xaMOSOBi, o6'hQ]ijmeB.m saKOBOB'b e moboxboS cecxomh, CM^r- 
^eniB MOBonojiifi, cjiobomx, mokbo 6y;iexi Ba^axt neperoBopH o6'b 
ycxanoBJieBiE Bceo6n^aro MEpa. CEBxeBX* aBrjio-caKcoBCKEX'B Bapofl;- 
Bocxefl CBepniExca paBBBie Bcero, noxoMy ^xo xoxb na nyxB Msoro 
npenaxcxBifi, no obb bb^xohbh Bt cpaBBeBiE cb x^^mb, Koxopua 
H^maioxt KOBXEBeBxajiBBHM'b GxpaBaMib cjiEXLCfl. CaMoe rjiaBBoe 
npenaxcxBie, no MB^Biio YajiBca, oxpEBjaxejiBBaro xapaKxepa: w^tl 
no6yHji;aH)niieB npn^EBH, Koxopaa 6h sacxanajia ABrjiiio e AmepEKy 
cxpeMEXBCE Ki coi03y. Ho 3xa npn^BBa bbbxcb bi Biijiik B03po3K^e- 
Bia Bocxo^Bofi A3iB ejib Bt xpeBOHBOMB pocxi repMaBCKaro $Jioxa. 

TaKEMl 06pa30M'B, XpE BeJIEKEXX „CBBXe3a" BBflXCa BBifflBBM'B, 

BEjpMBTM'B BpoEBJienieMB BByxpeBBExt npeo6pa30BaBifl, KOXOptlH 
CBepmaxcff KaKi pesyjiBxaxi pa3BBxiB MamEBi. „S. cxpeMBJicB ao- 
Ka3axB, — roBopaxx aBxopi, — ^xo KaKi b% MBpBoe BpeMB, xaKB b 
Bi BOOBBoe — j^tScxByexi npoi^eccB, senpejioacBHfl, KaKi CBJia npn- 
pofliH. Uoji.'h BJiiaBieMX ero coBpeMeBBHfl BeyKJiKwdS, 6e8$opMeB- 
bhA^ rBnepxpo^E^BBifi o6B^ecxBeBBHE opraBE3MB ji;ojiKeB'B Bhos^k- 

JIEXB 0;i;fl006pa3BLlS KJiaCCB 06pa30BaBBHX'B JllOJ[fi% KOxopHe co- 

cxaBBxt ocBOBy o6ntecxBa npeo6paaceBBaro Mipa". He MEBBcxep- 
cxBO noMOJKexB BB AbtjiIb axoMy npoi^eccy coBepmnxBCE, a KJiacci 
oSpasoBaHBHXB jnoji,e& *). Obb bbbice xiiit TepKyjiecoMB, koto- 


*) Biy nepBoin> nncBH')^ ^luo yRasaHO, hto 3tot^ luaccB, iro he'I^huo YajiBca, 
CyjifiTb cocTOATb Bsik HHSKeHepoB'B, pasBHTux'B paooTHnKOBi>, Bpa^efi, HexaHH- 
KOBi> H np. 


EST, a-uvmb. 65 

pu3 z&js,ymBTb Bt KOJiuOejiH sMfl boShm a uaqioEajiBHO& 
BpaacAU. 

Bl BpOmJIOUt BHCbHi HU BBAtjIB, EaKl so BpeMH KpjHHarO 

HapoflHaro 6tjcTBiH, aanp., bo Bpena Cojiiraofl HeyjaiHofi boAhh, — 
BHttBHraeTca Bnepefli 9toti KJiaccx. Bi MHpHoe BpeMs b% AnrjiiF, 
no UHtHiH) Yajitca, nponecci> 110x6x1 OuTt ycKopeni "iaci- 
BbiMH JiHraMH H ofimeCTBaKH, KOTOpua H Tenept yise BOannKaiOTT. 

Bl 3Ha<IIITe:iBH0HT> KOJIHieCTB^. HtKOXOpUH HSl aTBXl JIHPb 

nojiLByioTca SHa^HiejibHLiu'B Bsisaiea-h, aacp., oSmeciBO, HM^iomee 
UtgitH) arHTspoBaTb Bt nojiLBy rpomaaHaro ^aoia, IIohoShhh jihih, 
uaao-no-Majiy, npioOptTaioTb raKoe BJiiflHie, ito MOryTt OKaaaTt 
^aBJieaie r aa uaeBCTepcTBO. 

H Tenepb yjsi BOSHHKaiOTi. jiefh, HutKiwiA sa^^a^eB cdJ!H3HXb 
aHPjiH^aHi c% auepHKaBi^auB. YajiBci mofl 6ti yKa3aTt. aa xpafli- 
roniOHH H Ha flpyria oprasHsaitiH pafiOTHHKOBi, ho ohi npejino- 
^HTaeTi ayqine ipTHpoBaTB raKia KOMHHecKia jiHra, co3;taHHUH Tiue- 
cjiasieut auepHKaHCGESi MBJUiioHepoBi, RaK'L „o6meGTBO una co- 
aifiCTBia BsaEOMCTBa aMepHRaBCKBZ'b nyreinecTBeHHHKOB'fc ct. aHraifi- 
CEHHH apacTOKpaxaMB". „Gho6i HHOrAa lyqme ceptesHaro lejioatKa 
yrajiBiBaeTb, oiKysa xaaexL Btxepi". Ha no^B* axaxi „jiBri> npe- 
cubiKaioniBxca'' aBxopx npeACKasusaexi BOSBHKBOBeHie cepbesHux'L 
o^niecTsi ch cepBesHMHH safla^aMH c^JiHaEeHla anrjio-eaRCOHOKHXi 
HapoHHocxefi. Hxo6h npoitecct axoxi coBepmsjicji jcntmHo, „npH- 
flexca oxjioacHTB b-l ciopony h flificiByiomyio aMepHsaHCKyK) koh- 
CTHxyjtiio, H npeporaxBBU 6pBxaHCE03 KOpOHH", — roBopaxi ysjitci. 
HiKoxopufl BBJieflis dKOHOiuBiecEod ffiHSHa Aarjiin h CoeflHHeHHHXt 
iniaxoB* ycKopHxi ^po^ecc^ cjiiaHia. AwepHKa Bsaaa yate sepxt 
uaji AnrjiieS bi oSaacTK zaTOTOBsema MamaHi e bi. aJieKxpaie- 
CKofi TexHHKi. Bucniee h TexHBqecKoe oSpaaoBanie bi CoeaaHOH- 
Huxx inxaTaxi aeaauipauo Jiynrae nocxaBJieHO, qinai bi AarjiiH. 
^epesi jBa — xpn secaxsa s'krh, no Bcefl BtpoaTBOcxH, bo MHorax'b 
iipOB3B0j(ciBaxT. osa CTaHen npoMumjieaHuut BaccajioMt AMepaKH. 
Korja 3T0 Hacxynari., — roBOpBrt y9JifcCi, — to mu boo^k) ySijHMca, 
qxo jiOHJitHocTB KOJiOHifi saBHCBTi He OTt noctmeHis BaCJlijtHBKa 
npeciojia a ne oxi soaBefleHia xoro hjih apyroro aBCxpajiiScKaro 
StaTejia bi ^BOpaHCKoe ;ioctohhcibo. JIoajiBHOcxi. aaBHCHii oxt 
cHjLHaro $Jioxa a oxi Kanaxa^oBi MeTpoaojiia. KorRa AwepHKa 
ojepffiHxi, no64jiy aafli Anrjiiefi sa Bctxi, pEiHKaxi, a CTaHeii npo- 
MumjieBHHMt cioaepeaOMi. ea, xor^a BCi KOJioHia Ha^nyT'L xaroxixt 
KX nofitflHxeaio. Anrjiia saS^fiTb Heo6xosaMtiMi BCTynaxt Bt 

C0H)3l". 

npasHxe^bcxBo, eocTOamee h3i npeflCTaBaxejieS 6oraTLixi a po- 
flOBBTuxi EJiaccoBi, cosjaJio Bt AarjiiH bi nocjitflHee cxojifeTie jb* 
aisKmya paan — Hpjiaaaiio h lOffinyio A$pHKy. IIo MHiniio aBxcpa, 
TOJitKo „HOBafl aarjiigcKas pecnyCjiBKa" HOffieii dajii^qaxB hx%. 


5H pyCCKOE H'UWT; TKii. 

jlJiqHail.HHHIl.iaTHBa^HOBBIX'B KJiaCCOBt B-B AflrjliH npoaBHTCJT, Bt 

oco6eHHOCTH, Bi jijhjit o6pa30BaHiff. HHHtmHee npaBHxejiBCTBO, no 
MHtHiBQ YajiLca, coBepmeHHo ne bx cocxoamH ^.axB xaKoe o6pa30- 
Banie Maccani, KaKoe xpefiyeTca fliyxoMt BpeMeHH... IIIkojih coBep- 
'meHHO 6e3aojie3HH, ynHBepcHxexH npeBpamaiOTca bi MacxepcKis, 
Bi KOxopHXt lOHonieft Ha^HHaroxt o6pLiBKaMH 3HaHia, — ecjiH xojibko 
yqHxejfl, npo$eccopa h npenofliaBaHie ne Khxoj^siTcs hoa'b 6;i;Hxejib- 
HbiMt KOHxpojieM'B pasBHxoro H yiicxBeHHO spijiaro o6mecxBa. ^Bt 
HacToamee Bpeai^ juoji^n, KoxopHMt ;i;oBipeHO BocnHxanie 6yfl;yn^Hx^ 
j^i«xejie&, 6ojii>ineio ^acxLio, nocpeji;cxBeHHOCxH, 6e3i^B'6xHHff jiaq- 
HOCXH, BEjpomeHHHa Bx napHHEaxi, rycxo yHaBoaceHHHxi KJiaccH- 

HiH3M0M'L". HeodxCJ^HlIt HOBHS XHn-B mKOJIH, B-B KOXOpofi lOHOfflH 

npioSpixyxt nosHaniH bi MaxeMaxHKi, hobhxi* HSBiKaxi ii ecxecxBeH- 
HBixi HayKaxx>. Bt xo ace Bpeaia niKOJia ne fliOJiacHa norjiomaxL 
Bce BpeMfl BOCHHxaHHHKa H He ^;ojiffiHa yHHqxoHaxb ero hhah- 
BH;^yaJIBflocxI>. Bx laKofl ace cxenenH, no mh^hIio YajiLca, Heo6xo- 
^HMt hobh3 TEWb yHHBepcHxexa. HoBaa niKOjia He Moacexx. 6lixb 
BBe;i;eHa „iipaBflTeJiBCXBOMx. 6e3i^BixHBixx. jiJ0ji,e^^. 9xo j[,ijio fiy^exB 
ocymecxBJieHO, nojiaraexi anxopi, hobhub KJiaccoMB, KOxopHfi bh- 
fljBHHeTCii Bnepe;!;^ npn pacxBopeHiH cxaparo o6mecxBa. Oh-b co3- 
ffacxB HOBHfi XHEB yHHBepcHxexa. Bi cxapoMB xojTBKO ynam'b mojio- 
SMXB jiiofl;eH *). HoBBifi yHHBepcHxexB j^acxi BOSMoacnocxB hmb 

KpHXHqeCKH OXHOCHXBCa KB JiMcXBHXeJIBHOCXH H npOHSBOfljHXB caMO- 

cxoaxejiBHHa nay^HBiii HSHCKaniji. Bm^cx^ cb npHmecxBieMB HOBaro 
KJiacoa Hapo;i;HxcH noBan .iHxepaxypa, 6oji;paff, 3;i;opoBaii, CMtjiaa. 


rii. 

„JlHxepaxypa — 3xo fljHxame Ky-iBxypnaro o6iii,ecxBa, i^B-fexB h 
cojiB ero**. 

IlepeaceBBiBaxB nponuioe h noBxopaxB KJiaccHKOBB, KaKB 6bi hh 
6ltjih ohh xoponiH, — npH3HaKB cxap^ecKoft HeMoni;H. „HoBaji pec- 
ny6jiHKa", noaxoMy, 6y;i;exB noj^fl;epacHBaxB cbohxb aBxopoBB. Bb 
cxapHHy aBxopH coo6pa30BajiHCi» cb MH^^niiiMH hxb noKpoBHxejiei h 
EHcajiH xoJiBKO xo, ^xo He Morjio 3a;n;i^XB nocjii^HHXB. Bb nacxonmee 
BpeMff HHcaxejiiiMB npHxofl;HXca npHHopaBJiHBaxBCff kx 6i;i;cxBeHH0My 
xpe6oBaHiio jiHxepaxypHaro pHHKa **). npeacji;e ^4mb y^HXB ny6jiHKy 


*) XapaKTepncTHKa, rjiaBHHMT> o6pa30M'i>, othochtch k-b OKC(J)op;i;cKOMy h 
KdNdpH^HiCROMy yHHBepcHTeraM'B. 

**) YajIBCB HCKJHOHHTeJIBfiO DM'feeT'B BT* BH^^y aHFJliilCKift H aMepHKaHCKift 
KBLHHCHUS pUH0K1>. BuTb MOHCeTB, ^HTaxCJIH PyCCKatO Bommcmea BCnOMHHX'b 

^aRTH, KOTopHe fl Kor;i;a-TO npHBOAHJix bt* cxaTtfe 6 FpaHT'B A.iji3H'fe. Ckojibko- 
Hii6yAb HapymaioiiiaH nia6jiOH'B KHiira He Ha3;^eT'B H3;i;aTejifl, n aBTopTk ji,03i7B.eKi> 
ee BunycTHTb na co6cTBeHHBid cHeTf>. n3ji;aTejin, nopofi, jiflKTjioTb poHaHHCTaHx, 
KaKifl QSBfi^HeHifl Hy»eHO c^'^JiaTb coo6pa3HO cb rocnoACTByioiiinM'B madjioHOH'B. 
^afl,8LTejm jkb — npocTue, nopoft, HeB-feHiecTBeHHue «,n,'fejiMi,H». 


E3% AHrjIIH. 57 

H inoKasHBaxB efl,— -OH-B fliOJiaceHi „yroji;HTi»", noHpasHTBCJi H3j^a- 
TejiH). KHHroH3;i;aTejrLCTBO CTajio npocxofi ToproBJieS h OTJinqaeTca 

OTt TOprOBJIH CBHHHHOfi H Cfit'iaMH TOJILKO T^Mt, qTO npefl,npH- 

HHMaxejiR nefipeacHO Bejijii* OT^eTHOcTB [(cl ai&jiLH), ckphtl oxt 
aBxopoB*B, CKOjiBKO HMOHHO SKBeMHJiiipoB'b npojiaHo). TaKl KaKt 
H3;i;aHie KHHrn HMtext orpoMHoe SHa^eHie ji,jisi o6in;ecxBa, xo bxhm'b 
3aSMexcii OHO caMO. Ilpn HHHfifflHHxt ycjiOBiflx'E xaEan cHcxeMa 
npHHecjia 6u rpoMa;nHHfi Bpenji: npaBHxejiLCXBO cxajio 6h H3;i;aBaxb 

TOJIBKO XaKiil KHHrn, B> KOXOpBTX-B OHO BOCXBaJIHeXCil. JljOJlRj npH- 

Ha^jienamie ki hobomj KJiaccy, 6yfl;yx^, nanpoxHB'B, bhcoko i^iHHXB 
KpHXH^ecKiS yM'B. Ohh fiy^yx'B HacxojiBKO yMHH h nacxoJiBKO pa3- 
BHXH, qxo He cxaHyx-B cxpamHXBca H3;i;axB KHHry, cb KaKofi 6bi 
TO^KH 3piHia aBxop'B HH pa3CMaxpHBaji'B BonpocB. Bo3HHKHyxi rpo- 
MajijHHff H3AaxejiBCKia acco^ia^iH, Koxopwii xaKx ace 6y;n;yx'B oxho- 
cHXBCff Ki> HbiHimHeMy H3fl;axejiio, kslk% MeAHn;HHCKaff accoiiiiaii;iii ki* 
npo^aBi^y naxenxoBaHHHX'B ji^KapcxBi. JliaxejiBHOcxB H3fl;axejiBCKHX'B 
accoii.iaii.ift BBixicnHxi coBepmeHHO neB^acecxBeHHBixT., rpydBix'B 
npe;i;npHHHMaxejie3. Torji;a He 6yji;exx» onacHOCXH, qxo H3.a;axejiBCKiii 
acco^ia^iH npeBpaxaxca bi» „coio3h MacxofljOHxoB'B": napa;[jiejiBHo 
CB HapojEflieHieMTE* hobbix'b yMCXBennHx-B xe^eHift 6j]i,jrh BOSHHKaxB 
H HOBHH H3;i;axejiBCKia xoBapHni;ecxBa. 

OxHonieHie aBxopa ki xpecxaMi, kx axHM'B KOJioccaJiBHBiM'B cnpy- 
TaMi, KoxopBie 3apoji;HjrHCB b'b AMepHKi h xenepB nepeKHHyjiH cboh 
THraHxcKie n^ynajiBi^Li qepe3'B OKeani, — h^ckojibko HHoe, q^Mt mho- 
rHXi ero cooxeMecxBeHHHKOBX.. „Bo3HHKHOBeHie xpecxoB'B HM^ex-B 
rpoMafl;Hoe 3HaqeHie, — roBopnxt ohi. — Scho, ^^lo mhcjib o hexx 
B03HHKJia BCJi*;i;cxBie sejiaHia cxaxB BHi KOHKyppeni^iH h 9kohomh- 
anpoBaxB pacxo^^ no npoHSBO^cTBy. Ho fl;aace bi nepBOMi $a3Hct 
npoi^ecca cjiianiff xpecxH BBinijiH hs^ c$epH HCKJiionHxejiBHO xopro- 
Baro BjiiffHia h cxajiH KpynHHMX. o6ni;ecxBeHHBiM'B aBJienieMX.. B^nep- 
rH^HBie H xaJiaHXJiHBHe Jijojiji opraHH30BaJiH ni^xo ittjioe — o^ijny 
oxpacjiB npoMBiniJieHHOcxH. Tpecxx cxajix* mom.hbim'b ^aKxopoM'B 
o6ni;eoxBeHHo3 hh3hh, ropa3ji;o 6oji^e chjibhbim'b, qiMi cyni;ecxByK)iiiiee 
npaBHxejiBCiBO. B'B CoefliHHeHHHX'B IIIxaxax'B Bct nyxH coo6ni;eHiji, 

KOXOpne flBJiaiOXCil XaKHMl BaJKHMMl ^aKXOpOM'B B'B BBipafiaXBIBaHiH 

xapaKxepa 6y;i;ymarOj — nepexonax'B hb-b pyKi „HeopraHH30BaHHBix'B 
desj^apHocTefi" noj^t KOHxpojiB xpecxa. 9xo aBjienie Kaacexca YajiBcy 
Kpafine acejiaxejiBHBiM'B, Jtpyrofi xpecxi 3aBJiafl;*Ji'B bc^mx npoHBBOA- 
CTBOMi cxajiH H ^yryHa b'b AnepHKi; 9xo — nepsHfl niar'B, 3a koxo- 
pHMX. ji;ojiacHo nocji*;i;o?axB 3aBJiafl;iHie bc^mh cpefl;cxBaMH coo6ni;eHifl[ 
MopeMX. OpraHH3an;ia xpecxoB'B aBJiaexcji flitjiOM'B, no BupaaceHijo 
asxopa, — „He fl;ypaKOBx, roHflK)ni.Hxca xojibko 3a ji;HBHfl;eHxaMH, . ho 
jiio][fi% CMOxpHffl.HX'B Ha 6oraxcxBO, KaK'B Ha cpefl;cxBO, KaK'B na opy- 
jiia, KoxopBiMH MoacHO a;o6HXBCfl 6ojite ji;ajieKHX'B uijieft". ABxop'B 
He npH6aBJiaexx, ^xo poByjiBxaxoM'B xpecxoB'B 6biji'b qyfl;oBHni,HHft 
nojiiKyn'B. Tpecx'B cb xaKoro ace JierKOCXBK) Moacex-B MyxnxB n;i^.iyio 


58 PyCCKOB BOPATCTBO. 

nojiHTHqecKyK) napTiio, KaKt h KaKyK)-HH6yfl,i» oxpacjiB npoMHmjieH- 
gocTH. TpecTi ycTaHaBJTHBaeTt npoMHniJieHHyio inecnoTiK), ropaano 
fiojiBffle cypoByK), ^iwb nojiHTH^ecKaa. Ci nocjitji;Het mokho 6o- 
poTBca HBHofi H TafiHofi apHTai^iefl, npeccoft, naKonei^'B, cMofl. 
TpecTt caMt 0BJiafl;tBaeT'B bc^mh cpe^cxBaMH onnosni^iH: ne^aiLH), 

CJIOBOMt, $H3H^eCK0H CHJIOfi... 

Ho MHiHiK) Hainero aBTopa, Bt kohb;-! KOHDiOB'L, xpecTH, hobho 
yHHBepcHTera h npeo6pa30BaHHaff apMia h ^jiot-b oiKpoioirb 
o6iiiiHOCTL CBOHX'B HHTepecoBt H cocTaBaTt poji.Tb HOBaro rocy^ap- 
CTBa. „Bi aHrjio-caKCOHCKOMt Mipi npeofipasoBanie HacxynHTTb Bcero 
cKopie. HepesTE. nicKOJiLKO jr^Tt Hfl;eajiH „HOBofi pecnyfijiHKH" 
Hafifl;yT'B sjijbch Bce 6ojiBinee h 6ojiBinee ^hcjio nocjii^^oBaTeJieS. Bx 
niKOJiaxi, Bi* raaexaxt, Ha $a6pHKaxi h saBOAaxt, b^ ynHBepcnre- 
Taxi H Bt jia6opaTopiaxi, Bt ropofljCKHX'B coB-feTaxx jljojiji fiyfliyTi 
pafioTaiB, ^to6h ycKopHit HacxynjieHie HOBaro nopa;i;Ka^^.. 

HHTaxejiH MorJiH bh;i;*xb, ^xo, xoxa coo6pajKeHia aBxopa Bcer;i;a 
ocxpoyMHH, — ct HHMH ^ajiGKO He Bcerj^a MoacHO corjiacHXLca. IIpH- 
SHanaa aHajiHsx. anxopa bo MHorHxi. cjiy^anxx., mh stpHMi^ 0jQ;HaE0, 
qxo npH „pacxBopeHiH** Hafl;o6HOcxH Bt „nponacxH" ne npe^cxaBHica, 
Hao6opoxi, M^cxo na aenjii Haft;n;exca ^Jia Bctxi. 

AioHeo. 


HOBLIH KHHTH. 


ill. lopLKlJi* M'BJl^aHe* d^eHu bt* jd^om']^ Eesci^HeHoea. ^aMaTmecKm 
3CKH3T> BT> 4 aKTaxT*. Cn6. 1902. 

^o;^3a^JIaBie axoro nepBaro flipaMaxH^ecKaro onHxa r. FopLKaro — 
„Ci;eHH B% fl,0M^ BeacJfeMeHOBa" — ropaa^o 6ojiie cooxB^^xcxByext h 
$opMife, H cojijepacaniK) nLecH, h^mx saoaBie — „Mini;aHe". Ho $opMt 
3X0 HMOHHO „cii;eHH", pa36HXHa Ha qexMpe aKxa, ho ont moxjih 6u 
3aHflXB h naxB, h niecxt aKXOBib, a mofjih 6h h b% ji^BjTh yjio- 
acHXBca. Bt 3X0MTb „;i;paMaxH^ecKOM'B 3CKH3t", KaKX» HasHBaex-B aBxopt 
CBOK) ntecy, xapaKxepH, nojioffienia:, oxHOffleHia onpe^^jiaioxcff cpasy, 
Bt nepBOMt ace aKxt, h ocxajiBHHe xpn npefl;cxaBJisioxi co6ok) xojibko 
BapBHii;iH Bce na xy ase xeiiy. He^japoMt Bct ^lexBipe aKxa npoHCXO- 
PflTh, 6631 nepentHH fl;eKopai;ift, bx» ofl;Hofl h xofi ace KOMHax^ 
fl;ova cxapniHHH Majrapnaro njexa Besc^MenoBa, h Hefl;apoM'B ho^th 
Bct A^HCXByK)nj,ia jiHi^a xyxt ace Bt sxomi, ^om^ h acHByxx>: xo3aHHi, 
ero acena, ero fl;txH, npieMMnrt, naxjiifiHHKH, KBapxHpanxKa, no;i;eHHaa 
niBea, npncjiyra. Bib 3xom^ rnisA^ ffpana He pasBepxHBaexca, a no- 
Bxepaexi ce6a h30 ;nHa Bt ;iieHL, h3x. aKxa Bt aKxt. ^xo Kacaexca co- 


HOBua KHurn. 59 

nepawHia, Koiopoe sojisbo peBioMBpOBaTBca aarjiaBieMi „MimaBe", to 
TjTh aBTOpi. HonycTEi'L HtKOTopyio flBycMucjieHHOCTb KajiaMfiypHaro 
xapaKiepa. EesciMeHOBH — Mimane no npOHcxosjeHiio h cociOBBOMy 
□ojioxteHiio. Ho o^ho Hat A^ScTByiontHxi. jiHn.t, ^HJOCO$cTByioiii.ifi 
BbaHuS ii^Biifi TeiepeBi, apan&BTh, oqeBHAHO, ct osoGpeHiH hjih 
corjiacifl aBTopa, cjoBy „M*maEe" ropasflo 6os.ie raapoKoe sna- 
.^enie, Ohi rOBOpHU, o6paiaaflci> kx ciapHRy BeaciMeHOBy: „Bcfl 

aCH3HI> — TBOfl AOMt, TBOB CTpOOBie, H OTTOrO MB* BCrflfe SCHTB, lit- 

oiaHHHi!" H aajite: „SCk3hl HcnopieHa! Ona — CKBepao cmHTa... ae 
no pocry nopflflo^HMxi ;iioaefl CRtjiaHa acHSHi., rosopjo a. Mtmane 
cysHJifl, oKopOTHJiB 66, cfttjiajiH TtcBofl... H Borfc, B ecML BemecTBeH- 
Hoe «oKa3aTeJii.cTBo Toro, ?to qejiOBtKy aerai, aeqiiii, aesa^Mi 
METh"... Kto 6u aonjusLK-h, 510 „Mtiii,aHe", xoia 6a a „3affiHT0?- 
Hue" BpoA^ cxapmBBU Ma;iapHaro a.ex& EeactueHOBa, H^n^aae, 9Ih 
BHsmle cjiOB ^cpeaaaro poja Jiioflefi", bu^ioi'B Tasoe rpOMftflaoe 
Bjiaaie aa „bcio atHBHb"! Ho Teiepest KaaaiiCypflTb hjib nojitByeToa 
sajEaHfiypoHi aBxopa, cuiniEBaa JiioAefi uimaacKaro SBaaiA cb 
jiDfltKH MiaiaHCKHXi aaa laKi HaaBTBaeMuxi 6ypatya3BBxi. npHH- 
itHBOBi, EasOBLixi MoryTb AepxaTLca, b jfeficTBHTeatHO flepaKiTca, 
npeJtCTaBBTflJiH caMBiit pasHOoCpaaHasi cjiobbi. oCmecTBa, bbjioti. 
flO nBucmaro OBixa". Bi oabomi uteri TeTOpeet KaKi 6u npo- 
TBBonocTaBJiaeTi MtmaHHHy „BcnaHCKaro HBopasBBa" floaa Cesapa 
Ae Easaaa, KOTopuS, no UHtaifi) xeacEaro nepcoHajia nLecu, „Ha- 
cToantifi repoS", h npaBarcB itMi, qio „KpacHB0 ofltTi", a, no 
ero uB^Biio, „3AOpOBtifi h BecejmS qejiOBtEi.", a „Becejiiiifi ^ejio- 
BtKi — BcerAa cjiasHLifl qejEOBtKi". Bi flpyrOMt Mtcrti, oni sasH- 
Baen ctma Eesc^HenoBa, cryAeBia, HCKJiio^eBBaro h3i. yEBBepcH- 
Teia 3a CesnopaflEH s xenepL comajitioiiiaro o tomi, eto obi npE- 
HBMajit B% BHXi yqacTie, — „MtmaHHHOMi, KOTopufi fiujii rpa»aa- 
HBBOui nojiqaca". Mtni^HCTBy, Bast npaHBEfly, Moryrt Chtb ci. pas- 
HHxi cTopoBi npoTBBOaocTaBJieHH o^eBb paaaua sea^a, He HMtiontifl 
Meacay co6oio nn^ero o6ntaro, — h nrepoaaMi" bo bejc* „acBaHCKaro 
flBopaBHHa", B BcaKifi flpyrofi repoaaiH'b, a nrpaacflaBCBia" ^lyBCTBa 
H noABHTH, H o^eaii cKpouaue Mo^o,iqje nopusu cep^ita, a BCHEla 
ypoKCTBa on fleKaaearcTBa so casBsua a jiecfioccKoft Jiio6Ba, a pe- 
jiHrioaaug aBrysiaaxi., a a3J[)o6jieBBoe r. TopLKaui. nbaBoe 6oca- 
qecTBO, a 6e3yHCTBa FepocTpaia bjib HepoBa, a apocTO CBo6oj;aaa 
KasHb apTBCTa a npo^., apoi., — cjiobomi ace, oto se yiuiaaHBaeTCa 
Bi TpaAHQJOHBHa paHEca oGuAeaaog bjiockoctb a ctpocTB. Ct apy- 
rofi cTopoBH, OABaKO, ae utmaerb BcnoMaarL, tto ec;iB mh auat ape- 
apaxejitHO roaopaicb o HtntaacTBt, utiaaBCKOHi BEyci, M%ni,aBCEOHi 
ofipaat MHcaefi, a t. n., to Koraa-TO „utniaHCKaa flpaaa" fiujia apo- 
lecTOMi npaBsu apoiaai jioffiBO-EJtaccB^ecKBXT. xojyjiL. CBeja m6- 
niaacKie apaaimnbt m, uintaacRouy cocjiobIki, r. ropbaiS npeflo- 
CTaaa^i Teiepesy nonpau^e ^^a waaMfiypoBi, ho BKtcTt c-b Ttm 
cySBJit a aaTOMBBJii cboh) Teiiy. 


60 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

TeTepeBt — cajiaa 9$$eKTHaa h BMtcTt cl rfeMt efl,Ba jih ne 
e;i;HHCTBeHHaH BnojHi opHraHajiBHaff, „ropBKOBCKaa" $Hrypa bi 
nBect. Bee ociajiBHoe naB^HHO Octpobckhm'b, a Hacxiio ji^ajRe np^iMo 
noBTopaei'B ero. 9to He ynpeKi aBxopy: BJiianie KpynHtfimaro nat 
HarnHxi ^.paMaxyproBi, bo bchkojii cjiy^at, ne noBpeAHJO nepnoMy 
;i;paMaTHqecKOMy onHiy r. FoptKaro, — 9to ^poH3Be;^eHie apKoe, fl;a- 
jieEO BBi^tjiAioii^eecfl n3:B coBpeafeHHaro cEy^Haro ^P^^^TH^ecKaro 
penepxyapa, He CMOxpa na MHoria cjiafina cxopoHM. 

Jlowh BeaciMeHOBa ecxB oji;HHTb hbi yrojiKOBt ^xeMHaro njapcxBa*' 
OcxpoBCKaro, h npoHcxofliflxi bi neMt xt ace caMHa „ci;eHH", qxo 
H B'B xoMTb xeMHOMt njapcxB*: cxapHKH pOAHXeJIH, CBHRmieCH ct 

HSB^CXHUMIb ^fif^HiaHCEHM'b" HOpHJ^KOM'L, CI HSB^CXHOfi Mi^ni;aHCKOg 

„npaB3;ofl", ne Moryxi noMHpnxbca ci hhumi nopaOTOMt, ci hhoA 
npaBAofi, Koxopofl npej^cxasHxejiaMH aBJiaexca MOJiOfl;oe noKOJitHie. 
PasHHDia Bt xom:b, ^xo y OcxpoBCKaro 6opL6a He Bcer^a OKan^n- 
Baexcff nopaacenieM'B cxapofl npaBffii, KaK^B y r. FopLKaro, h ^xo 
^Hiaxejib HJiH spHxejiB OcxpoBCKaro acHO bhji;hxi hcxo^hhki h Bees 
lOA'B 6opb6h, qero HejiBsa cKaaaxL o nBeci r. FopBKaro. Ha^o 
saM^xHXB, ^xo xoxa wb ochob* fl;paMaxH^ecKaro acBHsa r. FopB- 
Karo JieacHxi npoxecxi npoxHBi M^maHcxBa, ho JtficxByioffliia jiHnia 
pacHOjioacenu bi neMX* coBepmenHO xaR'B, Ras'B padcxaBJiaexca 
Me6ejiB H pasB'ImHBaioxGH EapxHHu B'B Mi^ni^aHCEnx'B ^OMaxi, — 
BHOJiH^ CHMOxpn^HO. Mu HM^eM'B napy Bnojini eAHHOMucjianitHX'B 
cxapHKOBi BeaciMeHOBHX'B, napy hxi* jiitxefi — CHHa, HCKJiio^eHHaro 
cxyfl;eHxa Ilexpa, ne^iOBOJiBHaro rfeM^B, ^xo ohi ;i;oBeji'B ce6a ^o 
HCKJiioHeHia, • H fl;o% yqnxejiBHHUiy TaxBany, Hefl;oBOJiBHyH) CBOHMt 
nojiojEeHieafB y?HxejiBHEH;Bi; hmi^ npoxHBonocxaBjieHa napa acEBHe- 
pa;i;ocxHHX'B h ajobojibhbix'b cbohmi nojroacenieM'B cxyfl;eHxa He 
niEHiEHHa H y^HxejiBHEuu JBo X^B^xaeBoS; Bax^M'B cji^jijeTh en^e 
napa 6oaphx'b jno^eS — MamEHECxi Heji'b e niBeSRa IloJia, BnoJiHi^ 
;i;pyrb e-b flipyry nofl;xofl;an;ie h fijiaronoJiyHHO BcxynaH)ni;ie bi dpaEt; 
ecxB eme napa 6pofl;anb, hjih ckjiohhhx'b ex* 6pofl;a^eft acH3HH h 
Me^xaiomHxi nefl: nBancxByion^ifl n^B^ifi TexepeBi h nBaHcxByro- 
D^ia ace npo^aBei;^ h^b^exi nxBi;^ IlepHEXHHi. (MnMoxoffOMi CEa- 
3axB, ecjiB TexepeBi Bnojint opHrHHajieH'B, xo IlepqHXEHi o^enL 
HanoMEHaexi KyjinrHHa B'B „Fpo3i*'). Oco6o cxohxi> xojibko mojio- 
ji;aa, pasdExnaa Bji;oBa CMOxpaxejia xiopBMH KpEBuoBa. H Bci axH 
CEMexpBHHO pacnojiOffleHHtia ^McxByron^a anii;a ci nepBaro ace bh- 
xo^a o6HapyacEBaK)xx Bct cboh cBoficxBa n Bci^ cboe BBaEHHHa 
oxHonieHia: MOJiOAwe BesctMenoBbi cpa3y BHCEasHBaioxx cboh) ne- 
yAOBJiexBopoHHOcxB, cxapEKXi Be3CiMeH0B'B no nepBOMy a6n;yry pu- 
miTh Ha BCtxTb, Hejix* npn nepBOMi ace cboomi noaBJieniE eiiy 
rpy6Hx:B, npn homi ocxaexca cosepnieHHO neacEHMi, KaKi BBipa6o- 
xajiocB b:b HeMi 3xo oxHomeme k:b npieMHOMy oxn;y, paBHO EaKt 
Bi xyMani ocxaexca pasHorjiacie cxapnEOB^B h MOJD[o;i;bix'B Besci^aie- 
HOBBixi Ha cqexi ^npaBfljH**: bi cymnocxE 3xo t^ a6jioEH, Koxopwa 


HOBHH KHHrB. 61 

He najaioTi sajeKO oti s6.iomi, na ito cnpaBejtJiuBO ii TeiepeBi 
jKaaHBaeTi; iHTaTeji> cpaay bhjhti,, ito TaxMHa SeaHajeamo Jiio- 
figjrt HH.ia, a Hh.ti. jiki6bts IIojiio h t. fl. 3th xyjoasecTBeBHae 
sstasu — cHMOTpBiHocTb B oTcyTCTBie Bi^aKaro pasBHiis ji^ficTBia — 
jsihuasyrb Qbec; yTOHHxejiiiBO o;i;HOo€pa3BOio, ne CMorpfl sa ea eb- 
SoaLDiie pasuipu h — npHSaBHiii, ne ciiOTpa he oTjiJjitHue c^aoTjiH- 
Bbie E spEle HouesTU. MoiieHTU 3th ?hcto cjioBecsaro xapaKxepa 
(fltficTByiomia JiHua BOoSine fiojiwae reBOpsTb, paacymflaioTt, ^ini, 
A^ficTByioT'L) s BLina;(aK>T% oaBBEiu'B ofipaaoHt ma ^eojiio Ilep^EXEEa 
H Terepeea, ocoBeHso nocatSHaro. East yace cRasaHo, 910 opHra- 
HajTBHaa „ropi.KOBCEafl" $Hrypa. Ohi He CocaBi, ho no HaTypt 
fipoHara h, KaKi GojiLinHHCTBO 6ochbobi r. FopiKaro, ^e-TOBiKt 
ocTpoyHHufl B KpacHopi^HBtifl, qTO flaerB eay BoaaoatHOCTi. npo- 

CTpaHBO C()BJ10C0|lCTB0BaTL Bl neCCBMHCTH^eCKOMIb Ay^^- iXH3EH BO 
BO BCefi 6fl o6eIEPH0CTE E CJIOXHOCTH OHl COfiCTBeHHO He 3HaeTl., 

oflt SBaerb tojibko yrojiOBi ea, ho npn ero ocTpoyaiE e spacHo- 
ptqJB 3Toro fljia Bero BBOJiBi aocTaio^HO, TtMi Cojite, ■vio, BO ero 
MHiEiio, „TOJrtKO $HJioco$CTBya, qeJiOBtKi Be Jiffien, e6o, $ejio- 
co$CTBya, OHt npocro BHsyauBaeTb". Ohi h BLinyutJBaex'b. H lacTO 
saBBMaxejiBHO BBmyMHsaeTi... 

Cn'^Hjerb saH^TBTL, ito HamofijieHHijfi r. ropLEHui ofipasi 
$Hjioco$CTByK>ii(aro fipojarB asjiaeTCa Ha 3toti. past bi. hobomi 
ocBlm^eHiB. Bo-nepBEix%, TeiepeBt „yqBJiefl, E xopomo y^wca" 
(a-h ceHHHapiB). 3x0 atjiaeii. $Hrypy TexepeBa 6ojite HCHBEeeBoio, 
'i-bifh MBorie npeaEHie OpoflarH r. ropbEaro, ^EJioco^cxBOBaBinie, 
HHROFAa BE qeuy Be y^acL b RSLse He saaa rpamoxu. Bo-axopuxi, 
TeTepeBi yace ae BpeacTaBJiaexcH eh casfony ce64, be aBxopy 
cojEbK) seiiJiB, EaRi> HHorie Hst BpexHEXi 6ocaEOBi. CiapHEi Ees- 
ctMeHOBi He 6e3i ocHOBaaia roBopHxi o neii'L, tto ob-e xoatEO 
Ha BHs^ cxpameEi. OHt, HanpHuipi, owhi. ropao saaBJiaeTi xoMy 
me ciapHEy BesctiieBOBy: „MBt SjiaropOAHie Bi^acxBOBaxL b iio- 
rEfiaxB, ^tMt KHTt H pa6oiaTi. Ba xeCa h noaoCHHXi xeet". Bt 
A^ficxBBxejibBOcxn xe obi SBBexi pa6oTofi b-e saqecxBt nisqaro 
Ha cBajitSaxi h noxopOHaxi, ae pasCHpaa, etc KeaHTca hjih yiiH- 
paex'b — EescliHeHOBU jih, eze „ECQaHCKie ;i;BopaBe'', bjie nrpaaESaae". 
Teiepesi h caMi BpHSBaexi, tto obi xojbEO ^asaiecEH cnjieHi, 
a nyinoS cjiafii. Ohi, bo ero co6cTBeBBiiiH'b cioBaHi, e BbflacxByen 
nOTOMy, TTO y aaci „yji,odate, cnOEOfiaie Cmib abHRmifiS, fipoja- 
rofi, ^tMi TpeaBtim, ^ecTBHMi, atabaHMi qejiOBteoiii". ByflyBtee 
npEBaAJiesarb ae xaEEicb npasABo, xora e EpacHOrjiarojiaBiEHi> 
opoxsraHi, a ^Jiosflu'b CesauuocxHbijrb, BpaMbiM'L h XBepAUMi, sast 
Me^E". npe^cxaBHTejieu'B STEX'b bocji^jiehx'b asjiaexca MamHHHCTi 
HaJit, — $Hrypa He HOBaa b% Hamefi jraxepaiypt, ho HOBaa flja 
r. PoptKaro. HajTb Be ntaHCTByexi, He 6posa«Bxi>, ae opaiop- 
cTByerb Ha neccHMHCTH^ecEia xeKU, ae 0T;iUEHBaexi. orb paOoxbi. 
Ohi 6oApi>, cHJiea'b, xoqex'b padoTaxb a auien, bbojib^ onpe^t- 


^ 


62 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

jieHHyio EOJioacHTejiLHyio nporpaaiMy acHSHH. Ohi roBopHTB! „iL snaio, 
^TO SI He 6oraTBipL, a npocTO qecxHHfi h 3;i;opoBHfl ^eJiOBtei, h bcc- 
TaKH roBopH): HH^ero! Hama BOstMexTb! H Ha bc* cpejucTBa jijmK MOjft, 
y;n;oBJieTBopK) Moe jKejasie BMtniaTLCii b'b ^caMyio rymy jkhshh... m*- 
CHTb ee H TaKT), h aiaKt, TOMy — noMimaTL, aioMy — noMO%... botl bi 
qeMt pa;iiocTt jkhshh**! atajit tojibko, ^to Hhji'b roBopHra cjinnr- 

KOM'B EHHXHHM'E flSMEOM'B. HKSkJlh TaESCe, ?T0 OHX 6e3'b BCAEOS 

HyTOK rpyfiHTt oiacHBaiomeMy ciapHEy BeaciMenoBy e fljame fl;pa3- 
HHTi ero, noEasBiBaa eny asHEi! Me^eHOCEtaMi 9to He npHCxajio. 
Bo BcaEOMi cjiy^ai, EaE-B nepBHfl fl;paMaTHHecEi& ohhti r. FopB- 
Earo, „MiniiaHe" OHent HHiepecHaa Be^^I.. 


IL C. Hext. Pa3CKa3£[. 3 TOMa. Cn6. 

HepBBie ^Ba TOMa aioro H3ji;aHia nocBameHBi onHcaniK) pasjiH^- 
HLixx 9UH3o;^OBi, He CTOJiLEO 6oeBoro, CEOJiLEO poMaHH^ecEaro xa- 
paETepa, hs'b BpeneHX noEopemH KaBEa3a h HocaTi nosioMy nasBanie 

„pa3CEa30B'B H3X CTapO-EaBEaSCEOJS aCH3HH". Tpexig TOMt — npocTO 

„pa3CEa3H". B'B 3nHrpa$i e'b HepBRMt jtsyMi TOMaMi noMinteHa 
cxpo^a Hst JlepMOHxoBa, Eoxopak fljOJiacHa CBH;i;txejiLCXBOBaxb xomx», 
^xo r. ^exi» o^eHB jik)6hxi KaBEas'B. KpoMi axofl jik)6bh E'b Bpa- 
CHBofi cxpani, y anxopa He 6hjio HHEasoro pyEOBo;i;Hn;aro HaMipenia 
npH $a6pHEai];iH ero pa3CEa30B'B. Bet ohh oxHOcaxca Et Eaxeropia 
Tix-B BoeHHHxi aHOEj^oxoBib, B'B Eoxopiixi 6hjib nepoMiniaHa ct 
He6HJiHn;e&, T?epxoBni,HHa ci 6oacecxBeHHLiM:B h c«HXHMeHxajiH3Mib cs 
noiHJiocxBK). Ho BoeHHtie pa3CEa3H 6jib2ljot!% ocxpoyMHLie H Heocxpo- 
yMHHe, saHHMaxejiBHHe h CEyqHHe. F. ^exTb Hanncaji'B xpn xoMa 

HOSaHHMaxeJIBHHXX H HeOCXpoyMHHXl pa3CEa30B'L, EOxopHe MoryTB 

;n;ocxaBHXB y;i;oBOJiLcxBie pa3Bi^ xojibeo nojiEOBHMt 6apHHffMi Bt 
rjiyxoS npoBHHii;iH. ABxop'B, caMi jih HcnuxaBmifi ne MaJio boohho- 
poMaHH^ecEHX'B aneEjiioxoBX)^ ejih 6BiBiniS cBH^txejieM'B hx'b, bujio- 
acHjii B'B BXHX'B xpexi xoMaxi Bce, W£0 Mor'B npnnoMHHXB, h npe- 
noAHeci 3X0 ny6jiHEi. Ecjih mh 3aEJiiOHaeMi, oiUHaEO, ^xo Maxe- 
piajiOMX E'B sxHM'B pa3CEa3aM'b nocjiy^HjiH B'B sna^iHxejiBHofl cxeneHH 
jiH^HHH Ha6jiiofl;eHia h Bne^axjoEima, xo oxhio^b ho noroMy, oto6h 
pa3CEa3Bi 3XH 6bijih caMH no ce6^ hoxoseh na npaB;i;y. IIocjiijiiHeft 

Bl HEXt CXOJIBEO, CEOJIBEO 06BrEH0BeHH0 OCXaeXCH^ OH EOCJli XOpO- 

mefi nepexHpEB b-b cajioHHMX'B pa3roBopax'B 3nH30fl;oBi fl;aBHO mh- 
HyBmaro. Ha npe;i;noJioaceHie jih^hom-b sjieMenxi bi pa3CEa3axi 
r. ^exa naBO^EX'B 6ifliH0cxB h mohoxohhocxb $aHxa3iE anxopar, 
o6HapyacEBaH)nuHCH bosji;*, rji;* cE0jiBE0-HE6y;i;B pa6oxajia XBop^ecEaa 
MHCJiB. ^xo ace EacaexcH onncaHia npBpo;i;H KaBEa3a e EcxopE^e- 
cEHxi 3nH3o;n;oB:B, CJB[yaca^^EXl $ohom:b noBicxBOBanifi, xo ohh ho- 
CHX-B xapaExep^B oxplibo^hbixx BOcnoMEHanift cxaparo ^ejioBiEa, npn- 
HHMaBHiaro JEHHoe y^acxie b'b co6BixiflX'B. HpEfiaBBMi, ^xo bc4 3th 
BOcnoMEHama ^po^y^^eHH ^epe3'B y3Eyio ni;ejiB 6apa6aHHaro naxpio- 


HOBUfl EHHra. 63 

THSHa, BUAOUDaroca HicsojiEiRo ot'l BpeuenE, ho see ewfi sacTH- 
' Jifuon^ro TJiasa asTopa. 

B-h TpeTbeui TOMt o KaBsasi He ynouHHaerca h Boofime Boen- 
Hufi ajiemeHTi. do^th ne ^HrypHpyert; aa to saisyica ana xbbuxt, 

nOEOfiHHCa, AB^ BAOBU-;i,%BCTBeHBHItU H H^CEOJIbEO nOMtmaSHBDCl. 

TepoH aBXopa hjth flofipofltTenbHti, hjih nopo^Hu, hjih npoeio AOfiptie 
MajiHe — HO Bce no oSu^hoS MtmanCBoS utpEt, Buine KOTOpot 
asTOpi H cam, noBH^iHuoiiiy, fieacHjieHi aoAHinbCfl. 

KHHra cHa6ace&a flOBOjibBO HHoroiHCJieHBUHH h He^ypHo acnos- 
HeHHUHH pHcyHsauH. 


H. A. I^eftHep'B. CeHfcfl I^uraEOBLrXl. KapTSHiui aaaOACKoa jKmaM, 
Hii 3-x% ^iScTBiarb. Tohcki, 1902. 

^OHi. aaBOacKofl oCcTanoBKH aBJiaeTCH bi 9Thxi „KapTHHKaxt" 
coBepmeHHO cjiy^aflHUMi. FjiaBHOe flificTByromee jihijo — MOJio^ofi 
xosflHHi saBOAa — HecHOCHuS lejioB^K'b, KG BCia.'b npHAHpaBantificH 
H Bctxi aacTaBJiflionUfi cipaaaTt BOKpyri ceOji — pafioiaxi, cjiyawi- 
n^Hx-E, VJieHOBii cBoefi ceHBH. He 6yab y Hero Tasoro TssteJiaro 
sapaKiepa — Bce 6iuq 6h lyaecHo. BBefleni n nojioKBTejibHuJi 
THDi — KOHTopntHKT., nocTynHBHiift Ha saBOJTb juts Coptfiu CO aaoMi; 

HO HHEaKOS 60pb6U Bl A^SCTBHTeJIBHOCTH Bin,, H KOHTOpHlHK'L 

npecnoEoflHo yxoflHTi, KaKt tojilko nopiflrca ero OTHOnieHifl ci 
xoaflHHOMi. CE0Ji&K0-HB6yAB ofimaa, coi^a^iBHaii hjih SKOHOUH^ecEafl 
cTOpOHa BaBo^CEBXi OTHonieHifi HacTOJibEo OTcyTCTByeTi, ^To npeji;- 
ciaBJueTCH HenoHflTHbiui, no^eHy EHzxe^Ea HasBana „KapTEHEaHB 
saBOACEoB shshh". JIh^hoB ap&uiiI loxe hheeeoS ntn,, — npocTO 
pasroBopHaa KaHHiejib hqmhj nepcoHaxeHi, Eoropaa Horjia 6a 
opOHCxoAHTb a Bt jno6oHi apyrout Kicrk, a He TOJTbEO Ha saBo^t. 
JlitGTBjsunia aana. OTJiH^aByrca flpyrt ort apyra, rjiaBHUMt o6pa- 
soui, '^Hi, ^To oj^HH'B qepcTB ABa cjiOBa roBopsT'b: naaM^^aTejiBHo", 
^Ipyrofi „noBHMaeTe", Tpeiifl „KaKi tobophtch" h t. no^. TaKoe 
ycHamenie caao no ceOt Bpjifli-JH bhochti. wHoro KOJiopHra bi 
pirpaMaTHqecKoe npoHafleaeaie; bi saHHOMi ate ciyiai OHO npejj- 
CTaB;iJierb co6oh) npocTO HaRBHuS npieHt, OpocaioniiSca bi rjraaa 

CBOeiO HCKyCCTBeHHOCTI.lO, 


CTaHHCJiaB'B IIniB6iimeBCBifi. Homo sapiens na pacnyrbH. 

Cnfi. 1902. 

IlmBfibinieBCKtfi — oabhi H31 KpafiBBXi npeAcraBHrejiea, TaKi 
nasuBaeuaro, ^eEaAaBca bi noJiLCRog JiHTepaTypli. EojiiiniHHCTBO 
ero npoBSBeAenifi sHa^BTejiBHo Bume BOBHuaaiH TpeBBHxt laojifiS. 
^to6m nOBuCBTBCfl flo paayMtHiH hxi, nyano fiurt fleaHpHKom, 
Mop^HBOHaHotfB H ^HTaTB EHHry Bt coCTOflHlB 9sCTa8a. „Homo 
sapiens" Tone bi stomi pojti, ho necoBciMt; noaxouy cJiiHyers 


64 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

IIpe;^^0JI07KHT^ MT'» aioT'L pascKas'B no CBoeMv ji;eKa;^eHTCKOiiy ao- 
cTOHHCTBy HHJKe ApyrHxi ^poH3BeJ^eHift IIinHfiBimeBCKaro. 

Jsa jipyra — ypo;i,t xy^oacBHK'B h KpacaBen.t $hjioco$'b — citaaca- 
lOTCfl nocjii npoAOJiHCHTejifcHofi pasjiyKH. Y nepBaro 6jiHCTaTejii>Ha)i 
HefitcTa, KOTopyio OHt 6esT> yMa jhoChtl, ho Koxopaa yBJie^ena 
6ojite ero acHBonHCBio, a ne jthi^omi. $hjioco$x MomeHTajiBHO 
BJiK)6jifleTca B-B jii'feByinKy h, nocjit HtKOiopofl 6opi»6H ct caMHMTb 
C060H), OTeHBaeTt ee y flipyra. Tort nycKaert ce6i ot-b orop^enia 
nyjiK) Bt poTTE. Bee 3Ta fiHBajro, KOHe^HO, ne pasx KaHBOio ji;ja 
pa3CKa30Bi» H noB^cTefl; ho Tarn ;i;6flcTB0BajiH jih);hh, a y IlniHfiLi- 
DieBCKaro opy;n;yH)T:L cBepx:B-jiH);i;H, remn, Mop$HHOMaHH. Y nero h 
;^epeBI>fl — He fl;epeBLa, a cBepxi-j^epeBta, noTOMy ^to pacTyxt Kop- 
HHMH Kt He6y, a MaKyniKoio sapusaioTca Bt aeMJiio. Bort aiOMy 
fl;oKa3aTejiLCTBo: 

. . . Ohi> Biiflfkz'h Mory^ie KopHH, tohho cyKOBaTjua cnnn^ bi> ocb Kojieca — 
CTpaHHO pasB'^TBjieHHUfl, cBflsaHHUH B nepeoyTaHHEJH vh ci^TB... n bb;^^!* 
cnjieTeHifl Kopneft, BupBcoBasHuxi} na ^oh'I^ Be6a: rpoMa^^nyio ci^Tb nayTBBU, 
KOTopafi oKyTajia neuo, axo BOjtme^Hoe, cBAToe jioho csi^Ta b 6j[arocjiOBeHifl. 

TaKt KaK^B BH^fefflifi aio cxoajiB BepiHKajiBHo rojroBOH) BBepxB, 
TO neofixo^HMO npe;n;nojioacHTB, hto fl;epeBBa H3MiHHjiH cBoe ecie- 
cTBCHHoe noJioaceHie Ha ofipaxnoe. TaEHXi KapTHHi ne jislbbjle ji,aace 
acHBoanci^H. 

B-B ocHOBy pascKasa nojiOKena HHimeaHCBaa H^iea: 6jiary renia 
npHHOCHTca BB acepTBy cqacTBe j^pyrnxi JiioAefi. $HJioco$cKoe h 
HCHXOJiorH^ecKoe pa3BHTie 9x08 Eji,eE xaKOBo: nepBo6HXHHe HHxe- 
pecH HejiOBtaa hm^ioti* oSieExoMt ero ^nsEqecKyio jth^hocxb, 6ja- 
ronojiyme KoxopoS aBMexca rjiaBHBiMi cxHMyjiOMi fl^axeJiBHOcxH h 
Bi* acepxBy KOxopoJB npHHocnxca Bce 0Kpya:aK)ni,ee. Jtajite, cjii- 
flyK)ni;aa cxafl;ia MopajiBnaro nporpecca — ceMBa, $H8H^ecKH 6jiE3Kie 
jh)^h; 3axiMi — pojux, HaKOHe^^, — ^Bce ^ejiOBi^ecxBO. Jo 3xoro npe- 
A^jia MopajiBHaa KyjiBxypa fliOBe^ena rpe^ecKHMH ^EJipco^aMH; 
oxfl,4jiBHHe JiK)fl;H, BHcniie npe^cxaBHxejiH qejiOBiqecKOft nopofl;H, 
ycBOHJiH HAOH) ^ejcoBi^ecKaro 6jiara h yMijiH Ttica^H jiixi nasa^ 
npHHOCHTB eg Bx sepxBy ce6a, combk) h po^^B. TenepB TiejroBiKB 
cxoHxi* nepefl.'B hoboh) 3afl;aqefl — naflxH HOByio, 6ojite BHCOKyio Hfl;eK) 
]\iopajiH, b:b acepxBy Koxopofl cxohjio 6u npHHecxH Bce nejiOBi^ecxBO. 
0;^HH roBopaxi: — 3xo BorB Bnyxpn Te6si] Eny bx* iKepxBy npHHecH 
H cBoe $H3H^ecKoe cyn^ecTBO, h ceMBH), h po;^x» h, ecjin nyano, 
Bce qejiOBtiiecxBO. Tboo fliyxoBHoe 6jiaro ecxB fl;yxoBHoe 6jiaro Bcero 
^ejioBinecxBa: Mexfl[y heme ntix* h ne Moaexi 6tiTB anxaro- 

HESMa. 

Ipyrie roBopaxi: — 9io xh cajni, tboA yMX», xbo3 renift. IIpEHecH 
eMy B'B acepxBy ^yxoBHoe h $H3HqecKoe c^acxBe Bctx'B xbohxb 
6jiEacflHxx», B03BHCBca Ha^o Bctwh lejiOB'feqecKHM'B H xorfl;a xh ;i;o- 
cxErneniB CBepxqejiOBtqecKaro cqacxBa, h fl^epesBa 6yfl;yx:B noKpH- 


66 PyCOKOB BOrATOTBO. 

ero npo^yMaTB. Bx ero npoaaH^ecKOfl o6ojiOT[Ki coxpaHHTca nossia; 
B'B nepeBojit r. MaMOHxoBa Rasi pa3'b Hao6opoT'B: cnapysH kbki- 
6yfliT0 no33iH, noxoMy hto cthxh, a BHyxpH — npo3a; fl;ocTaTo^HO 
pacKpHTB jiio6yK) cxpaHHi^y h Ha^axB ^HxaxB 9xh cxhxh, ^xo6h 
cpasy 3aMixHXb, ^xo noBXH^iecKiS, 3MOii;ioHaj[BHHft sjieMeHxi bh- 
xpaBJieH'B H3i HHXB coBepuieHHo; H OHH MoryxB xojiBKO pa3fl;pajKaxB 

TOrO, KXO SHaKOMl CB nO;i;JIHHHHM'B ^^ayCXOMl" HJIH XOXB CI CHO- 

cHbiMH pyccKHMH HepeBoj^aMH ero Bpo^* XojiofliKOBCKaro hjih Cxpy- 
roBmHKOBa. Jl^Jifl HeBi^AOMHXB niJielL r. MaMOHXOBX H3o6piji'B oco- 
ouft cxHxi — MHorocxonHHfl aM6i; cxhxh bb comb, BoceMB, ^eBaxL 
cxonB — cnjioinB h pa^OMB; mh naniJiH fl;aace o;^HHHa^^axH-cxo^HHfi. 
Ha;i;o, o;i;HaKO, oxfl;axB cnpaBefl;jiHBOCXB r. MaMOHxoBy — owb BneMjiexB 
yKaaaHiflMB kphxhkh h coo6pa3yexca cb hhmh npn HcnpaBJieHiH 
CBoefi pa60TH: bb nepBOMB HSfl^aniH bxox'b cxhxb hm^jib fl;BiHaji;ii;aTB 
ctohb; Ha^o Ha;i,'feaxBCiT, ^xo npn xaKoS. CHCxeMi bi .cefl;BMOMB h3- 
;i.aHiH „$aycxa" bb nepeBoji;* r. MaMOHXOBa, axoxB ajjihehhS cxhxb 
coKpaxHXca ^o aaKOHnaro MHHHMyMa, onpe;i;4jieHHaro npHpo;i;o6 pyc- 
CKaro cxHXOCJioaceHia, bb mecxB cxohb. Oco6eHHOfi xo^ihocxh 9xhmh 
repoH^ecKHMH ycHJiiaMn h MipaMH, mosho cKaaaxB, npoxHBoecxe- 
cxbghhhmh, r. MaMOHxoBB xoace He ^ocxHr-B. IlepeBOjtB nonpeacHeMy 
6jiHCxaex'B xaitHMH cjioBe^KaMii, KaKB „cnoKofi", ^noxafiHHa cxpacxn", 
„;i;oMipoBBia BpeMena", „noo;iiypMaHHXB" h x. n. „noacHeHia", B3a- 
xHa y pa3HHXB HiMenjKHXB KOMMGHxaxopoBB, HMijiH en^e cjia6oe 
3HaqeHie npn nepBOMB H3fl;aHiH, Kor/na eni;e He 6hjib nepeBefljeni 
KOMMenxapiS Bofteaena. Ho cb xixB nopB ohb nosBEJica bb fljeyxB 
nepeB0fl;axi. 

B^yapA'B ^ay^OH'L. HcTopia (t>paHii,y3CK0d jiHTopaTypu. iiepe- 

BOAi> CB aHrjiiScKaro. Hs^. JI. <i>. IlanTeji'i^eBa. Cn6., 1902. 

Bb KHHrt Jl^ay^ena pyccKie ^Hxaxejin nojiyqaioxi yace Bxopyio 
o6ni;eji;ocxynHyH) Hcxopiio $paHn;y3CKofi JinxepaxypH, HanHcaHHyio 
anrjiHqaHHHOM'B. Ho xpy;^B JI,ay;iieHa, KOHe^Ho, HeH3MipHM0 sHaqn- 
xejiBHie KHH»KH CeHxec6epH. Hmh aBxopa ;i;ocxaxoHHO h3B'§ctho, 
^xo6u HOBaa pa6oxa ero B036yuiHJia Ha^ieacjiiBi, h ona ocynijecxBjiaeT'B 
HXi BB nojiHofl Mipi. 9x0 He 3HaiiHX'B, KOHe^HO, nxo OHa o6ora- 
ni;aexB nayKy; ona cxaBHxi ce6fi hhhh sa^ann. Korfl;a BH^aiomificfl 
HayqHHH pa6oxHHKB, kslkl Jay^enB, H3BicxHHfi caMOCXoaxejiBHHMH 
xpyfl;aMH bb Apyrofl o6jiacxH HcxopHKO-jrHxepaxypntixB HSHCKaHiS, 
6epexcH H3JioacHXB bb o6ni,efl;ocxynHofi $opMt nojinyio HCxopiio ny- 
acofl jiHxepaxypH, — nocKOJiBKy ji^Jisi anrjiHiiaHHHa MoatexB 6bixb qyas^iia 
cxapaa ^panmyacKaa jiHxepaxypa, — Koxopoio ohb cnemiajiBHO ne 
3aHHMaJica, naniH xpefioBania npio6ptxaioxB oco6Hfl xapaKxepB. Mbi 
oxKaaceMca oxb Haji;eacj^B bcxp^xhxb.bb ero KHHr^ HOBBie B3TJiaffH 
H OHBixH nepepimenia o6ni;enpHHaxHXB noJi03KeHiH, ho mh MoaceiiB 
pasc^HXHBaxB BcxpixHXB 3;i.icB Hc^epHHsaioniiee snaKOMCXBo cb Jiy^- 
niHMH noco6iaMH, yMinie pasoSpaxBca bb hex-b h caMocxoaxeJiB- 


HOBWa KHHrH. 67 

HOCTB BX BH6op'6 MaTepiajia. 9to mh h HM^eMt b-l KHHri Jtayj^ena, 
Ofl^B caMi B'L npe^HCJiOBiH HacTaHBaeT'L na KOMUHJiHTHBHOM'b xapaK- 
Tepi cBoefi pa6oTH h, noacajiyfl, HSBtcTnaa KHnra JIaHcoHa oipasH- 
jiacB Ha ero pa6oTi fliaace B'L fiojiBinefl cxeneHH, h^mi 9to fliony- 
CTHMO ji,ji5i nHcaiejia ch HMeneMi JI,ayflieHa. Ho owb OTjinqno c^'fe- 
jiajii GBOE) KOMnnjiHi^iE), E3ji03snji'B BecB MaTepiaj[i» mHBO^ nojiHO n 
HHiepecHO, H MH 3aTpy;i;HHjiHCB 6u yKaaaiB pyccKOMy ^HTaiejiK) 
jiy^mee noco6ie ji;jia na^ajiLHaro SHaKOMCTBa ct HCTopieS $paH- 
i^yacKofi JiHTepaTypH. Pi^b Morjia 6u h^th jihieb o Tpyji;* ian- 
<;oHa, HO OHt cjiHinKOBi'b o6fflHpeHX h npeA'BaBJiaeTi y3Ke hobh- 
uieHHHa Tpe6oBaHia ki ^HTaTejiio. Ki> Toaiy ace bx KHHri Jtayji;eHa 
MH Hafi^eMi KaKt past to, He;i;ocTaTOKTb ^ero, 6htb MoaceTt, 6ojiie 
OTB^^aeTt HayqEHM-L TpefioBaHiaMt, ho cjiheikomx pacxo^^BTca ct 
npHBHHKaMB H Tpe6oBaHiflMH cpefljEaro ^HTaiejiff, a emohbo 6iorpa- 
^H^ecKifl ajreMeHTX. Jay^^eHi nojiLsyeTca hmi o^ieEB yaiijio, oacHB- 
jiaa H3JioaceHie, CBasHBaa ero ct ECEXoaornqecKog 0B;'6BK0fl JiETe- 
paTypnaro ji;ocToaHia nHcaxejia h bi to ace Bpeaia ne sjioynoTpeOjiaa 
HM-L, Bt ynj.epSt HCTopia JiHTepaTypflHXT» ^BEaceBiS, Be o6pani;aa 
HCTopiK) cjiOBecBOCTE BT» cepiio CKp^EJieHHHXT* i&emjij C060K) HECa- 
TejibCKBXT» acH3BeonEcaHifl e xapaKTepECTBK'B. OcTaeTca noacajitTL, 
qTO y aBTopa He XBaTEJio, no ero npESHaBiio, CMiJiocTB fljOBecTE 
CBOH) pa6oTy ffo naniero BpeMeHE; OHt orpaHE^EJit ee kobe[om'b 
nponijiaro Bina — anoxot yna;i;Ka poMaHTH3Ma, nojiaraa, hto jiETe- 
paTypa He;i;aBHHXT» JiiTX ecTB cKopi&e npe^MeTt coBpeMeHHofl KpH- 
THKE, q^MX ECTopBiecKaro E3yqeHia. CnopETL cb 9TEM'b Tpyfl;HO, 
HO Tpy;i;HO OTKasaTLca otb acejiania beju^tb bi saKJiioqeBiE B;iJiL- 
Haro o63opa oSmEpnofl e njiofl;oTBopHofl ECTopiE, ecjiE ne Ti pesyjiL- 

TaTH, KX KOTOpHMi OHa HpESeJia, TO XOTL T'6 cTyneHE pa3BETia, 

KOTopHa OHa npoxoflEJia 3a noca4ja;Hee BpeMa. 


B)pid BecojiOBCKiH. ApMiuieKi^ft noaTi CH6aT% lUax'B-AsHci.. 

MocKBa. 1902. 

IIocBameBHaa o;i;HOMy jieieb npefl,cTaBETejiH) apMEHCKofl noa3iE, 
pa6oTa r.^ BecejiOBCKaro xopomo pEcyeTi to 3HaneHie, KOTopoe 
HM-fejio E;i;eBHoe npo6yacja;eHie njecTnja;ecaTHX'B ro;i;oB:B TaKace ji;aa 
T'fex'B nHTOMn;eB'L pyccKoS KyjiBTypn, KOTopHxt Tenept hpeheto 
oTCTpanaTL oTt nea. HoBopoTi k-l napo^y 6uji% CToat ace ecTe- 
CTBeHHHM-L ABEaceEieM'B apMaHCKOE EHTeajiEreHitiE, KaKi e pyccKofr, 
noAT» BjiiaHieMt stoh Mory^eJ aMaHCEnaiiiiE syxa. 06ni,eqejiOBiqecKoe 
no KOHe^HHMT* D.i^jiaM'L, 3T0 ji,BHaceHie Bl CBOeo6pa3HOMl HHopoA- 
q:ecKOM'B Mipt ecTecTBeHHO npEHEMaex^B Han;ioHajiBHBia $opMBi. 
Co3;i;aeTca xyji;oacecTBeHHaa jiHTepaTypa, ny6jiHiiiHCTEKa h noBpeMeii- 
Haa neqaTt; „BnepBHe BHCTynaiOT'L na JiHTepaTypHoe nonpHiii,e xa- 
jiaHTJiflBHe E SBeprE^HHe HEcaTejiB, b^ pyccKExt ynEBepcHTeTaxx 
B03pacTaerB ^ecjio cjiymaTeaeH-apMaH^, KOTopHe npeac^e cqETajiECt 

6* 


1 


68 PyCOKOB BOrATCTBO. 

ejiiHEHuaMH, — a bi ceMeflnoMi 6uTy HeBOJiBHO ofiocTpaexca 6opB6a 
Meagi;y OTii;aMH n ^niTBiin, Eoxopaa 6Hj[a npes;ii;e Bcero 6opB6oK) Asyx'B 
Mipoco3epii;aHifi^. Bi btom^b H;ii;eSHOM'B npo6ys;(;eHiH BHpocJio ^apo- 
same noaia^ c:b KOTopuifB cxpeMHTCfl nosHaKOMHTB pyccsHxi ^Exa- 
xejiefi KHESEa, jiesan^aa npe^'B HaMH. CxpacxHHfi no6opHHK'L bos- 
poa^enia po^Horo Hapo;i;a, oh'b ABJiffexca cxojib ace cxpacxBHifL 
o6jiHHHxejieM'B ero nopoKOB^B. Ohi roBopHxi 060 BceMt xomx, mo 
cxaBAxi ero conjieMeHHHEaM'B bx BHHy Ti, KOxopMe c^i^hjisuiE iist> 
nai^ioHajiBHOfi xpaBJin xjii6Hoe fl;tjio, — h ohx j^i^jiaext axo ct cift- 
jiocxBE) caMo6HqeBaHiH; npeBocxo:a;Aiii;efi no ghji^ BpajEAe6HHfl nana- 
ji;eHia. ^Apmhhhh'b — MaxepiajiHcx^B, — roBopnrB repofl inax-B-AsHca, — 
OHt xoao^eHi, KaK^B jiej^^; oe% norpaax h ynepi* fl;yxoBHO bs 
axM0c$ep6 cBOHXt pasc^iexoB-B... Korfl;a ohi bh^hxt> ^.eHBrH, eMy 
Kasexcff, ^10 cojiHi];e saciajio; rjiasa ero ropaxi, oHt cxaHOBHXca 

OaCHBJieHHBlMli, nOABHSHHM'B... EXO 6u XU HH 6hJIX, — 8JI0S, HOpO^- 

hhS ^ejiOBtKi, rnycEHfi njiyrB ejih 6jiaropo;i;Haa ;n;yma, — ohi Bcer^a 
iipe;i;jiosHxi xe6i o^hi* Bonpocx: cEascH, 6oraxT» jdeh xh?..** 

Ho, EOHe^HO, nponacxB oxflj-fejiaexi 9xh caMooxBepjKeHHHE o6j[h- 
qenia caxHpHEa-fl;pyra otb 3Jio6hhx:b EJieBexi cnenjiajiHcxoBx axoro 
j^tjia. H pyccEOMy nnxaxejiK) Ha;i;o snaxB, hxo roBopaxi o cbohxs 
H E^B CBOHMB Jiy^niie npefl;cxaBHxejiH xixi Hapo^HOCxeS, cb koxo- 
puMH Hcxopia CEOBaJia ero yaaMH ojuHoft rocyja;apcxBeHHocxH, — na- 
po;n;HOCxefl, Eoxopaa npHHaxo o6jiH^axB JinmB ji;jih xoro, ^xo6h 
onpaBfl,aiB h aaEpinnxB nenopMajiBHOcxB hxi nojioaceHiji. „3HaxB, — 
roBopHJix» BejiHEifl pyccEifl caxHpHE'B,— boxx qxo HyasHO npeac;ne 
Bcero, a sHanie HecoMH^HHo npHBOji,HrB sa co6oh) h qyBCXBo ^eao- 

BiHHOCXH. Bl* 3X0MB HyBCXB*, EaEX BB rapMOHHqeCEOMB I^tjIOMl,. 

cJiHBacioxca xi sanecxBa, 6jiarofl;apH EOxopHMi oxHonieHia Meacfl,y 

JIH);P»MH aBJIfllOXCa npOIHHMH H fl;06p0Ea^eCXBeHHHMH. A HMOHHO: 

cnpaBe;i;jiHBOCXB, coBHanie 6paxcxBa h jih)6obb**. 


A. B. Heslepi. FyccBaa ejiOBecHOCXB cb XI no XIX cto- 

JI'bTifl BKJIIO^HTeJlbHO. HacTfc 11. PyccKaa cJiOBecHOCTt XYIII h XIX ct. 
Ob npeAHCjEOBieirB H. A. Py6aRiiHa. Cn6. 1902. 

Cb nojiHHM'B npaBOMB yEasHBaexx* cocxaBHxejiBHHii;a xoxi npe- 
HMymecxBeHHBifl nnxepecB, Eoxoptifl ^ojiacHO npoAcxaBHXB fl;jia qnxa- 
xejia o6fflHpHoe npo^ojiHcenie ea xpyfl;a, jieacamiee npeji;!. naMri — bxo- 
pan ^lacxB o6'BeMHCxaro „BH6jiiorpa$HqecEaro yEasaxejia nponsse- 
jneniS pyccEoft cjiOBecHOcxn bi cbash ch Hcxopieft jiHxepaxypH h Kpn- 
xHEoft". JiHxepaxypa HOBaro BpeMeHH, pasyMtexca, acHB^e h 6jih»o 
TiHxaxejiH), H jiHfflB nepecMOxpi^B'B KHHry r-acH Meaiepx*, oh'b yBH- 
jijirbf CKOJIB Mfloraro ohb ne snaexx* bx axoft jiHxepaxypi, xoxa 
sHaiB 6hjio coBci^MB He xpy;^H0. „Mu jiisHBH h ho juaSonHXHH** — 
H HaMi He pasx ysaBMBajiH, ci KasoS jierEOMHCJieHHofl pacxo^H- 
xejiBHOcxBH) MM 3a6BiBaeM'B He xojiBKO aacjiyjKeHHHX'B ^iaxejiefl fl;o6- 




, ^M' A1IXE III flJiltSSrS m^ 


HOBU£ KHHTH. 69 

paro cTaparo BpesieHH, ho h BecLHa noiTeHHuxi npe;iCTaBHTe,iea 
Hesaraaro nponijaro Hamefi JiHTepatypBi h oOmeCTBeHHOCTH. IIo pa- 
6oTi r-ara Mesiepx bh^ho, KaKi lacTu y naci jiErepaTypHua cnpaBBH 
' ci BS^FTUHi sarjiaBieMt „3a6HTH& nHcaiejib", „3a6uTaa nncaTejit- 
HHi^a''. 3to 3ar.iaBie cjiysHxi.- nonasaTejieti'b. H KpBiHKa Bififi Ha- 
noHHHaeT'L iBTaTejtaMi JiHOib o loui, ito cava BcnoMHHJia, a oBa 
y HacL TaRxe saCuB^HBa, Kasi a inTaxejiL. Ectl, pasyuteica, H 
Ha Sanaflt paaawe „Le8 oubli^s et les dedaign^a", — ho Taut ohh 
OTHOCflTca KT, Sojite jajieKoay npomjiOMy, Kt nacaTejiaM'B, aiScTSH- 
TeJitHo, OTomeaiDKM'B B-b rjiySh HciopiH. M6 ace yste 3&6Msa to, 
TTo y Hact sa njie^auH, h saABO fipocaeMCa na HOBoe, nOTOMy ito 
Bi^HO pBOut TpaAHHiio H coBepmeHHO JiBmeHbi bosuohchocth cosHa- 

TejILHO OIlilHHTt, HTO ffie Bt CaMOill fifijli HOBO B-b TOMt, TTO HaM* 

KaffieTC^ HOBbiHi. Ejiaro saHpenieHBuui npoH3Be/i;eHisHi. spo^C^ Bpe- 
caoByiuxi „3HaHeBift BpeMenH", KOTOpua ^HTasarca nOKa Haxo- 
n^Tca noAt BanpeToiii; paat OH't cBan, ohh Tanxe paacunaiOTca 
Bt npaxi — noffloBao HiKOToptaMi saMypoBaHHHM'L speBHOCiaMi, 
Korjta Hxi BHHocaTi Ha cBtatit Boaayxi. A Boit, BanpnMipi., 
„Boat3HH BOJiH" 9eo$HJiaKTa TojicToro hjih „PyccKia- hoih" kh. 
Bjt. OfloeBCKaro; nyoTt, kto anaert, conocTaBHrt Hsi ana^HTejiB- 
HOCTi. ci Kx-b pacnpocTpaneHHOCTLio; obi ejiBa jih npflaeTi s-b yxt- 
mHTejitHoay bhboaj. SfltcB, paayiiteTca, nrpaioTS pojit 6osie sam- 
HMfl npH^HHU, I'bwh npocToe nesHaHie; ho h nesHanie HmteTi oie- 
BH;tHoe BHaqeaie. 

3T0My HeanaHiio, HeBoaaoKHOcTH 6e3t cooTBiTCTBeHHHX'fc noco6ifl 
opieHTHpoBaiLca bi oTe^ecTBCHHofi jiHiepaTypt, noMoateTib Tpy;;^ 
r-acH Mesiep*. OflHHi HOBepSHOCTHuS npocMOTpt ero yace apHHO* 
CHTL nojiL3y; oh'b oxmJiseTb bi HameS nasiHTB 3a6uTLia sneiaT- 
Jifieia; 8TH cyxia HasBania EHHrb h CTaTefi Haiort sapiBHy HCTOpn- 
lecKaro pasBHTia, ae CMOipa na BHflHMyio CtflHOCTi. Tasoro MaTO- 
piajia. Mu syuaeui, ?to h cnei^aAHCTLi, OTKasaBi yKasaxejiio vb 
Hay'iHOii'B saaiieHiB Hc^epnHBaiomaro nocoSia h OTMiTHBi. ero ae- 
AocxaTEH — ^To o^eHt He ipyfliHO, — Bce ace 6yflyrL HMt noaLso- 
BaTbca: .ly^maro Bift.b Rirh. 

He CMOTpa aa HpesBbnaaHO BawHoe hxi aaa^eBie, khhth Bpojt 
Tpyaa r-atH Meaiepi paexofliiTcyi oieet MesJieHHO; yffenieBHTt bxt> 
noqTH HOBOajHOacHO, a npij^HTt namero cpeanaro ^HiaTejia noaBso- 
BaTBCH HUH oioHB TpyjHO. Ho MOffiHo HafliflTtcfl, Tio HOBaff pafioia, 
odpamennaa ne ki. cnei^iajiHCTaM'B, KOTopuxt ona pasflpaaHHrB CBO- 
HUH norpiaiHOCTajiH, a hmohho ki 3T0My aenpHTJiaaTeaLHOMy cpea- 
HeMy ^HTaieaio, BOcnHxaeTb bi homb noTpeSHocTt ocMOTptTbca bi 
poaHoft aHTepaTypt, no3HaE0MHTbca ci tSmh efl coKpoBHmaMH, ko- 
TopMH norpeCeHH bi TaSHHBaxi, cTapux% KHRn, yMBpaiomHX'L bi 
sadBesiH, noTOMy ito o hhxb hhkto ae HanoMHHaeTt. Kypcu 
HCTOpiH afliepaTypti CTaHOBSTCa Bce aeHie npHroAHUUH flaa pyKO- 
BOAHTejibCTBa B'B TaKOHi aHTopaTypHOMi nyienieoTBiH; HCTopia an- 


70 PyOOKOB BOrATCTBO. 

xepaiypH Bce 6ojiLiiie CTanoBHTca HCTopieft mEpoKHXTb ji;BHaceHifi h 
nepecTaeT^B 6htl Hcxopiefi khhit., o KOTopuxt ynouHHaeT'B Meacfl,y 
npoTiHMi, CHOca 6H6jiiorpa$iK) h 6iarpa$iK) Bt npHMtqaHia, ne mo- 
ryiuiifl noxBajEHTLCH ^pedMipEBiMi BHHMaHieM'B qHTaxejEefi. Cbasb 
iceHAy HOBHMTb HHTaTejieM:L, aaxBa^eHHHMi 3Jio6ofi xeKymaro ji;Ha, 
H^ cxapHMH KHHraMH pyniHxca. Bhxl Moacexx, BOBCxaHOBjremio axofi 
CBH8H dyfliext cnoco6cxBOBaxi> KHHra r-acH Mesiepi — h xorfl;a cxa- 
nexx BOBMOHHHMX esi HOBoe H3;i;aHie, EcnpaBJieHHoe h fl;onojiHeH- 
Hoe, — BecLMa HcnpaBjieHHoe h BecBMa fl;onojrneHHoe, xaKi KaKx bi 
xaKHXX HcnpaBJieHiflX'B h jnonojiHeHiaxt KHHra o^eHB HyHfl;aexcji. 
Kofl-^xo Bt axoMt oxHomeniH yKaacexi KpHXHKa — H.8;ni&CL eft npe^;- 
cxoHxi jierKaa h 6jiaroji;apHaa 3afl;aqa, xaKi KaKi — ckojilko mh 
MoateMt cyAHXL no nonpaBKaMi Kt nepBOfl ^acxn, cfl;ijraHHHM'B bt> 
HOBOMib BHnycKi yKaaaxejifl, cocxaBHxejrtHHita oxhochxcs ct noj- 
HMMX) BHHtfanieM's kt^ yKadaHiHifE rphxhrh. Ho Heo6xo;i;HMO hm^tb 
Bi BHj^y, Hxo axH yKaaaniH Moryx'B hm^xb jthhib xapaKxepi npHMi- 
poBi: HeMHCJiHMO aarpoMOffi^axB o6iii,ia acypnajii, nanpHMipi, aarjia- 
bIhmh khhfb, nponyntoHHHX'B b'b yKaaaxejit, hjh bxo;i;hxb bx fl;e- 
lajiBHyK) KpnxHKy ero chcxomh; BosMoacno jthhib naiitxHXB HfiKO- 
TopHfl o6d^mi xohkh sptnifl, Moryni,iff cjiyacHXB pyK0B0fl;cxB0M'B npH 
nepecMOxpi KHHrn ;i;jia HOBaro Hs^ama. 

HpefliHCJiOBie roBopnxx HtcKOJiBKO pas'B o pan;ioHajiBHOMi yKS- 
saxejii. TaKaa paitionajiBHOcxB ^pe;^^0JIa^aJIa 6u b'b cocxaB* Maxe- 
piajia HJiH Hc^epnBiBaioniiyH) nojinoxy, hjih CHCxeMaxH^ecKifi Bwdopi, 
ocHOBaHHHft Ha acHO onpe^^^JieHHofi xohk* sp-fenia. Ecjih bi caMOMi 
;n;tjit „qyac;ii;Bift bchkhxx xeHji;eHiu3 Kaxajion fiejuiexpHCXH^ecKaro 
ox;i;tjia yKasHBaexi He o;i;ho K;aKoe-JiH6o xe^enie, a Bci no npHH- 
n;Hny audiaiur et altera pars^\ ecjiH onx* „fl;oji3KeHx jiHmB npe^ocxa- 
BHXB B03MoaKHOcxB cy^^HXB H BHSnpaxB", xo Bifl;B naji;o npe^ocTa- 

BHXB 9Xy B03M0ffiH0CXB BO BCefi HOJIHOX^. A 9XOrO HiXl. „Mh MO- 

aceM^B, — roBopnxi cocxaBHxejiBHHn;a,? — oxnacxH yxtniaxB ce6a jinniB 
xtM'B, qxo nenojiHOxofi rptmaxi ^aace HaH6ojite nojiHHe KaxajiorH 
H yKasaxejiH, BHniefliniie ao cero BpeMOHH**. ^yacie nefljOCxaxKH— 
6hxb Moacexx. h yx^menie, npan^a cjihhikom'b cjia6oe. Ho Hafl;o cKa- 
3axB, Hxo ecxB nenoanoxa h nenoanoxa, h b'b bxom'b oxnomeHiH 
cjLumKOWh yacB BeanKa pasHHiiia uemjsj yKaaaxeaeMi r-acn Me3iep:B 
H niKOxopBiMH H3Tb „yKa3axeaefi, BBiniefl;niHXi ;n;o cero npeMeHH" 
HHor^a 6oaie cnenJaaBHBrxi, ho h 6oate noaHHxi. „Bo BcaKOMi^ 
cay^ai, Bce, ^iio MoacHO 6Hao HBBae^B hbi bxex-b nocai;!i;HHxi, BBe- 
;n;eHO bi axy KHnry". Boxx* axo coBepmenno HOBipHO. Ecan 6u Bt 
9xy KHHry 6Hao BBe^eno Bce, ^ixo Moacno 6Biao Hsnae^B nsoi cyme- 
cxByion^HXi yKasaxeaefl, ;n;aace Ha3BaHHHX'B bi ea oco6oMTb OT]i,ijAj 
ona 6Haa 6bi naB^pHoe B;n;Boe xoani,e. Jl^ocxaxo^no B3axB arofiofl 
noaHHfl KaxaaorB 6oaBnioro KHHacnaro Mara3HHa, qxo6H BHfl;ixB KaKi 
MHoro B'b yKa3axeai nponycKOB-B, HH^iM'B ne 06'BacHeHHBix'B h ho 
o6iacHHMHX'B. Mh npo6oBaaH 3xo c^^iaaxB h, CKasaxB npaB;a;y, 6hjih 


I 


HOBHa KHHrH. 71 

HenpiflTHO yfljHBJieHH. HponymeHa, npaB;n;a, Mejio^b, ho 3Tofi Mejio^H 
TaEafl Macca n oHa xaKX oAHopo^na cb MaccoS xaKofi se Mejio^n, 
BBeji,eHHOfl B'B yKaaaiejiL, qio iipeHe6peffieHie ki nejB HH^^Mt onpaa- 
ji;aHO 6htb He MoaceTt. Ho h 6oJvhe SHa^HTejiBHHa — bo BcaKOMi 
cjij^sA ^ocTOflHHff ynoMHHaHia — jiHTepaTypHHa aBJienia npeji;cTaB- 
jEeHH 6e3B fl;ocTaTO^Ho3 hojihoth. HyxL, no KOTopoMy niJia cocia- 
BHTejiBHHHia, 6ujii Bt o6ni;eMi» Bi^pnuS; B'B ocnoBanie en pa6oTH 
nojioaceHx chhcokb pyccKHXB fiejijieTpHCTOB'B, cocTaBjieHHHfi no i^t- 
JiOMy pa;i;y HaH6oji'6e nojEHHXB KypcoBB HCTOpiH JiHTepaxypH. Ho 
HejiB3fl 3a6HBaTB^ ?T0 padHHi^a HesAy cocxaBOMB 8xhxb KypcoBi> h 
6H6jiiorpa$HqecKHM'B ghhckom'b imcaxejiefi cjinniROMX BejiHEa, ?xo(3h 
orpaHHHHXBCff HMH BB cocxaBJefliH xaKoro cnncKa. Moatexi 6bixb, 
HcxopHKH jTHxepaxypM nponycxaxi xaKoro no9xa, KasB C. 0. Jl^y- 
poBB — 6H6jiiorpa$HHecKifl yKaaaxejiB ero, Kone^HO, nponycKaxB ne 
jsS)JiSReni>, RaR'B ne ;o;oJi3KeHB nponycKaxB h xaKHXB nHcaxejieS, KaRB, 
HanpHM'fepB, CHM6opcRifi HJiH mnrjieBB. Hbb coBpeMeHHofl noaxHBH- 
pyiomefl MOJioji;exH nponymenBi rep6aH0BCRifi, MasypReBH^B, Bji. 3RY' 
ROBCRifl, J. niecxaROB'B, Tyjiy6x h juaace npecjiOByxHfi Bajiepifl Bpio- 
coBi. Ho 9X0 xojiBRo cjiy^afiHBie npHMipu; mh mopjih 6u npHBecxH 
HXT. rpy^H, HO He cxaneMB na hhxb ocxanaBJiHBaxBca, noxoMy ^xo 
He xoxijiH 6h, ^To6u yEasania na He;i;ocxaxRH cRpHjiH xo ocHOBHoe 
BneqaxjitHie, Roxopoe ^^ojiaceHX* BHHecxH BCSRifi npn snaROMCxBt cb 
EHHrofi: OHa bb BHcmefl cxeneHH cBoeBpeMenna h nojiesHa. HcnpaBHXB 
ee BOSMoacHO, a Jiynmee no^xH Bcer;i;a Bpari npocxo xopomaro. 

Xopomo 6j]ifiTh HaniHMB BnyRaMB, Eorfl;a ohh ;n;oayi;yxcfl oroh- 
qania HcnepnHBaion^x'B pa6oxB C. A. BenrepoBa. Mh ace, noRa ^xo, 
effBa jih cyMteMX o6oSxhcb Sesx yRasaxejur r-acH MeaiepB. 


HHKOJiad dnreJiBrapAT'B. HcTopia pyccKOft jraTepaxypH XES[ ct., 

TOM-B I, 1800—1850 r.r. Cn6., 1902. 

Fn-fe-xo CajixBiROBB-me;n;pHHB, roBopa o coBpeMenHOJB eny pyc- 
CKOfl JTHxepaxypt, BBipaanjicfl xaRHji-B o6pa30Mi: „Bb nacxoamee 
BpeitH axo js^^o ynponi,eHO ^o xoro, ^xo cxohxi xojtbro nonjieBaxB 
na nepo, qxo6Bi BHmjia npejnodonHXHifimaH nepe;n;oBaa cxaxBa". 
Tpyfl;HO, ROHe^HO, CRaaaxB npHM^HHMa-JiH BnoJini 9xa i];Hxaxa kl 
coBpeMeHHofl raaexHofl pa6oxt, ho bx ^0Ra3axejiBCXB0, ^xo xaRoft 
^jynpon^eHHHfl** B8rjifl;n;x na JiHxpaxypy cymecxByexi h ;i;o-fl;HecB, 
MOHHO 6hjio 6h npHBecxH He ojijiwh npHMtpx*. 

Hepe;!;!* naMH RHnra r. H. BnreJiBrap^xa, HOcani,aa oxBtxcxBen- 
Hoe HasBanie „HcxopiH py ccroS . jiHxepaxypH XIX ex." h CHa6aceH- 
Haa npe^HCjiOBieMB aBxopa. Hocmoxphmb cnepBa, hxo roBopnx^ 
r. H. §HrejiBrap;i;xi> bb axoMi npe^ncjiOBiH, x. e. RaEia 8afl;a^H oh-b 
ce6t cxaBHXi h, cji^^oBaxeJiBHO, qero mh bb npaB* ovb nero xpe- 
6oBaxB. 

r. H. 9HrejiBrapATi roBopHX'fc, ^xo „^yBCXByexca ocaaaxejiBHaa 


72 PyOOKOB BOrATCTBO. 

HeodxoAHMOCTB nowecTH o6mifi JiBTepaTypHufl HTort" MHHyBineMy 
CTOJiiTiio; BtpoflTHO fljJia Toro, ^to6h yfliOBjieTBopHTL 3Tofi noTpe6- 
HOCTH, OH'L H upefljjiaraeTi CBoe HSCJitAOBaBie, KOTopoe, no ero 
cjiOBaM'B, „npe;i;cTaBJiaeT'B saKOH^enBoe ^iJIoe", ^.aeii „Harjiff^Hoe 
npe;^CTaBJieBie o jiBTepaTypHofi aBOJiKmin h npeeMCTBi nacaTejiefl 
Hamero CTOJiMa" z cjiyKBTi „cnpaBoqHofl KBBrofl ^Jia Bcixx BBxe- 
pecyioni;Bxc^ jiHTepaTypofl". H3CJ[ija;oBaBie 9to ctobjio r. H. BareJiB- 
rap;i;Ty 6oJiBmoro Tpy;^a h noTpe6oBajio cepteBBofi Bayqaofl nofl;ro- 
TOBKH. Ho KpaflBefl Mipi, Bi aTOM-L yBipneTi Bact cawt aBTopt: 
„He cKpoeMt, — roBopHT'B OBi, — TITO nocjiifl;oBaTejiBBoe npHMtBeBie 
HsfipaBBaro BaMH To^aaro Mexofl^a B3CJiifl;oBaBia noTpe6oBajio otl 
Baci» ;i;ojirofi a T^acKog pa6oTLi. IIpHHBBofl TOMy Be^ocTaxoiBOcxB 
nofliroTOBHTejiBBUxt H BcnoMoraiejiLBHXi ipyj^OBi. Hpeacj^e Bcero 
OTcyTCTBie 6B6jiiorpa$BqecKaro, nojiaaro yKaaaxejia no BciMi* ^exti- 
peMTi o6jiacTaM'B jTHxepaxypH, pacnojioaceBBaro bx xpoBOJiorH^ecKOMt 

nopHJURt. HaMl npHXOfl;HJIOCB, no MBOrHMt OXpHBOHBWMIb H Be^o- 

cxaxoHBHMi xpyfliaMi Bamnxt 6H6jiiorpa$OB'B, cocxaBJiBTB 6H6jiio- 
rpa^H^ecKie yKasaxejin no jnecaxHJiiTiflMi. kpbxbkh, npo3H, noasin 
H flipaMH. A BCffKiS, saBHMaBmifica 6B6juorpa$iefl, ssaext bck) ko- 
noxjiBBocxL no;i;o6Haro ipy;i;a". npo^nxaB'B axn cxpoKB, BeBOJisno 
BHBOCBBiL BHeTiaxjitBie, ^xo r. H. BnrejiBrap^iix'L pa^n xo^saro Mexo^a 
H3CJii&;i;oBaHia xpy;i;BJicff ^lyxB-jiH Be jnesBo h bob^bo, coSBpaa pas- 
6pocaBBHfi 6H6jiiorpa$HqecKifi Maxepiajix b, KaKi OBt atajiyexca 
J^aJILnIe, npocMaxpBBaa, sa BenM-feBieMt cbo;i;bhxx xpyjioB* no ox- 
;fl;'fijiBBJEaM'B oxpacjiaMi jinxepaxypH, MBoacecxBO jjMOMyapoBi, sann- 
coKi, cSopBHKOBx nHceMTi". 3Cajio6Bi r. H. BsreJiBrap^^xa Ba Bepa3- 
pa6oxaBBOCTB MaxepiajiOBi no Hcxopin pyccKoS JiaxepaxypH, ero 
ptanxejiBHoe yxBepac;i;eBie, ^xo npBBaji;jieacamee esiy H3CJit;n;oBaHie 
„Aaext B03MoacHOcxB e^Ba-JiH ne BnepBtie BarjiBji;HO odosp^xB jih- 
xepaxypnyK) aBOJiK)n;iK) XIX CTOJitxia", HaK0Ben;B, HOBBBKa Mexo;i;a 
H3JioaceBiji, x. e. onHcanie bb xponojiorHqecKOMX nopa^K'^ no ;n;eca- 
XEJiixiaMB ' HCxopin kphxhkh, npo3H, noaain h jiipaiiH, — Bce axo 
BMicxi^ B3axoe ja;aexi nojinoe ocBOBasie npeA'BHBJiaxB kb xpy^y 
r. H. BnrejiBrapflixa caMHa BHCOKia xpefioBaflia h y3K'B HHEaKB ne 
no3BOJiaexB ;^yMaxB, hxo mh hm^gmb fl,^Jio cb pa6oxo8, HcnoJiBeH- 
Boft no mefl;pHBCKOMy pe^e^xy „njieBaHia sa nepo". Tojibko no- 
cji^;i;Bia $pa3H npeflincJOBia BH3HBaioxB BiKoxopoe seAoyMinie n, 
KaKB MB[ BHace yBBjiiHM'B, „da liegt der Hund begraben". T. H. 9h- 
rejiBrap^xB BaKJUo^aexx. CBoe BBeja;eBie cjiOBaMB: „Mh BOS^epacBBa- 
JiHCB OXB BanpacBHXB pasrjiarojiBcxBOBaBifl h H3JioaceHi8 „cbohmh 
cjiOBaMH". Mh cxapajiHCB xapaKxepHBOBaxB nncaxejiefl apKHMH ABxa- 
xaMH n3B BXB npoB3Beji;eBifi h npHBO^njiH on;tBKH hxb hbb naniHX'B 
BBifliaion^Hxca kphxhkobb". 

JiflcxBHxejiBBO, r. H. BBrejiBrap^xB Bos^epacajica ox'b „Banpac- 
BHXB pa3rJiarojiBcxBOBaBift", ecjiH no;iiB axHMB cjiobomb noBHMaxB 
xeKcxB, npHBa^JieffiaBiiift aaxopy, h6o 6ojiie xpexB ^exBepxefi ero 


HOBHff KHHPH. 


73 


KHHrH najtaexi na „apKifl[ . uiHTaTH" h „oni'feHKH", ho ^to npe^CTas- 
jaeTt Ed% ce6ff ociajiBHaJi ^eiBepxB h yMtcTHO-JiH roBopHTB o bo3- 
fl;epacaHiH brh HajzoaceHia „cbohmh cjioBaMH", — nycTt cy^iHTi cslwe 
^HxaTejiB. 

BepeMTb Ha yjijaqy OTpBiBOKt h3:b Y-S rjiaBH („CopoKOBHe roj^Bi") 
„H3CJiij^0BaHia" r. H. BnrejiBrap^^Ta. OxpHBOK^ btot-b npHHa^jie- 
acHTi, noBH;i;HMOMy, caMQjjy aBTopy: nirB KaBBi^eK^, e^tb h cch- 
jroKt Ha „^o;^^OTOBHTeJIBHHe" h „BCnoMoraTejiBHBie" Tpy;i;H; cpaB- 

HHM'B erO Ch COOTBiTCTByiOmHMH M^CTaMH KHHrH A. H. IlHnHHa 

^BijHHCKifi, ero acHSHB h nepenncKa" (Cn6., 1876); 6htb MoaceTX, 
aTo cpasHenie j^acT'B naM'B KJiro^i k'b ypasyMi&HiK), o KaKOMt „fl:oji- 
roMi H THacKOM'B Tpy^^t*' roBopHTi r. H. DnrejiBrapflrB b-b CBoeMi 
npefljflcjiOBiH h nacKOJiBKO ero „H3CJitji;oBaHie" .^yac^ijo penjenTy 
caTHpHKa 


H. 3Hrejii»rap;^TB ^^cxp. 628). 

cOTe?ecTBeHHLifl 3anncKn» aorjioiuajiH 
Tenept bch) ;n'feaTejiBHOCTi> B-fejinHCKaro. 
OTA'feji'b KpHTHKH H 6H6iiiorpa({)iH ;^ep- 
jRSkjLca Ha B'i^jiiiHCKOM'B. PeAAKiufl enifi 
ffo ynacxifl B-fejiHHCKaro AocTaenjia »iyp- 
najiy H-feKOTopMH jraTepaTypHUH cBflsn. 
HBHjmcB HMena JlepmoHTOBa, kh. 0;i(oeB- 
cKaro, rp. CojiJiory6a h np. IfeiaTajmcB 
nocMepTHHJi cTEXOTBopenia IlyiiiKHHa. 
Ho B'b OTHOineHiH nanpaejieHiH, Hcyp- 
M&srh ynacji^^oBaji'B tojibko otb Ilyni- 
KHHCRaro Kpyra HeacHoe yBaHceaie kii 
«HCKyccTBy», Bpaac^y k-b ByjirapHHy h 
rpe^y H jiCFKifi ;^y«0K1> ocooaro pyc- 
, cHBMa. CaMocToarejiBHaH <|>i33ioHOMiH 
AAHa 6Buia Htypnajiy Bce^•feJIO B-fejinn- 
CRHM'B H ero ;i;py3BHMi3. IIpeHvHift Kpy- 
HCORi», poAOHaHajBHHKOicB KOToparo 
6liji'B CTaHKeBnvB, cjoHvVJicfl btb ro- 
pa3;(o doji-fee o6[UBpHBid KpyrT* jimfl^e^, 
KOTopuS cTajiH HasHBaTB «3ana;i;HHM'B» 
H T. ;i;. 


A. H. IlBiniiH'B, T0Mi> 2-fi, CTp. 97, 98, 

99 n cji. 
<OTeHecTBeHHEifl 3anBCKii» norjio- 
ii;ajin TenepB bcio ^ii'feflTejiBHocTB B-fe- 
jiHHCKaro,.. OT;i;'feji'B kphthkh u 6h6- 
jiiorpa({)iii jifi]^m,ajLca Ha B'I^jihhckom'b... 
Pe3:aK^ia eme js,o y^iacTia BifejiHHCKaro 
j^ocTaBHjia acypnajiy h ;i;pyryio Biiro;i,y: 

H'^KOTOpHfl..^ JTHTepaTypHBIfl CBJI30... 

Hbhjiiicb HMena JlepMonroBa, Kk, Oao- 
eBCKaro, rp. Cojrjiory6a h np., nenata- 
jiHCB HHor^ia CTHXOTBopenifl, ocTas- 
mincfl nocji-fe HyiiiKHHa... ^Kypnajr-B 
ynacji'fe^^oBaji'B otb IlymKHHCKaro Kpyra 
HGHCHoe yBamenie k-b «HCKyccTBy» n 
Bpa>K;i;y k-b ByjirapHHy h Fpeny... Ca- 
HocTOiiTejiBHoe 3HaHeHie ;i,aH0 6hjio 

HtypnaJiy HCKJIIOHHTeJIBHO B-fejinHCKHM-B 

H ero ;i;py3baMH... IIpeHCHifi KpyjKOKi>, 
KOToparo po;i;OHa^ajiBHHKOM'B 6ujL'b 
CTaHKeBHHT>, cj[OHaij[€fl B-B ropa3flo 6o- 
jffee o6niHpHHfi KpyrB JiioAeft, KOTopHfi, 
B-B npoTHBonojiOHCHOCTB Tor;i;a me bos- 
HEKmeMy cjiaBflH0(j[)HjiB(5TBy, cTajiii Te- 
nepB Ha3BiBaTB «3anaAHBiM'B» n t. a> 


Jl^jia OKOH^aTejiBHaro BHACHenia o6ni;aro xapaKiepa „H3Cjii;i;oBa- 
Hia" r. H. 9HreJiBrap^Ta cpaBHHMX eni;e ^Ba OTpHBKa, 3aM4THB'B, 

UemjlJ npO^HMl*, HTO 3TH OTPHBKH SBJiaiOTCa HO^TH eji;HHCTBeHHBIMH 

cTpoKaMH, npHHafliJieacanj,HMH nepy aBiopa na bcomi npoTaaceniH 
CTp. 545, 546, 547 h hojiobhhh 548-fl ero KHHrn; see ocTajiBHoe na 
aTHxt cxpaHHi^ax'B — „jTpKifl i];HTaTH" h „on;iHKH". 


H. 3HreJiBrap;!;TB. 

...Ha;^o npHHHTB bo BHHManie, hto ne 
CMOTpH Ha to, hto KHHry Forojia npo- 
ilycKaji'B HiiKHTeHKo, OHa BBiiujia b^b 

CB-feTB B-B HSypO^OBaHHOM'B HeH3ypOH) 

BH;i;i... (CTp. 545). 


H. BapcyKOB-B. .^hshb h Tpy^H M. II. 
IloroAHHa, Cn6. 

...Ha^O BaM^THTB, HTO, He CMOTpa 

Ha TO, HTO KHHry PorojiH i;eH3ypo- 
BajTB A. B. HoKHTeHKo, OHa Bumjia 

B-B CB'i^rB B-B HSypO^OBaHHOM'B i^eH- 
3ypOIO BHA*^ H 3T0 OHeHB OFOp^HJIO 

Forojifl... (t. VIU, CTp. 682). 


74 


PyCCKOB «OrATCTBO. 


...rorojt OTBtnaji'B 10 asrycxa 1847 r. 
Hs-B OcTeH;^e coBcpnieHHO deaiiBiTHUM'B 
nockMOM'ib. Mem;;y t^mI), umi> duJLO nep- 
BOHanajTBHO, noAi> HenocpeACTBeHHUMit 
BnenaTJi^HieH'B, HanncaHO xpyi'o^; ho 
He nocjiaHO, paaopBano. Bt CyMarax-b 
Torojifl n. A. Kyji'tniT) Haiueji'B ji,b^ 
TerpaAKH, pasopBanHUfl nodToiii* siy 
kjioikh; Kyji^mi* cjioscbji'b jiocKyTKn, 
cnacdiJL'h h cnacB aTon> bucoko BHTe- 
pecHufl AOKyMeHTL... (cTp. 647). 


...Me>K;^y rkwht ForojieM'B 6hiai> na- 
uHcaHi> ApyroH otb^tb Bf^JiHHCKOMy, 
;fi,ajieKO He ctojil 6e3ii,B^THL]fi, koto- 
pufi, R-B cojss&s^mto^ ^ujiit pasopBaHrb 
nncaBiuHMi); ho no ciacTbio, bI) 6yMa- 
raiB lorojEfl IT. A. Kyj-fera-B Haniejri> 
;i;Bt Texpaj^KH, pasopBanHWH Foro- 
jieH'b Bit kjio<]rb; Kyj^m'B cjiohcbj-b 
jocKyTKn, cnncajTB h TaRBM'B o6pa- 

BOM'b CHftCB fl,Jia nOTOMCTBa 3T0TB 

Aparoi^teHHfi ji.oKyMeHTb... (t. VIII, 
CTp. 608). 


Jta He no;i;yMaeTB ^HiaxejiB, ^to tojibko ^to npHBefl;eHHHJi i^h- 
TaTH H3'L „Tpy;i;a** r. 9HreJiBrapfl,Ta qiM'L-HH6yfl,i> cepLesHO otjih- 
^aioTca OTb ocTajiBHoro leKCTa KHHra. Othk)ji;b Hiit. Mbi nepecMO- 
TptjiH BCK) 14-K) qacTi> ynoMflHyTofl Y-ofi: rjiasLi h bot'l, ^to mh 
HamjiH: CTp. 525 ho^th i^tJiHKOMi cocTaBJieHa hs'l OTfljijiLHuxi 
npeji;j[oaceHiS e ^pas'B^ BSflTux'b h ne bsathxi b'e RaBH'^RH h no- 
TiepnHyTHXt co CTp. 16, 17, 6, 70, 71, 52, 53, Vl-ro TOMa Ha3- 
BaHHaro BHme co^HHeHia H. BapcyKOBa; cTp. 526 sanMCTBO- 
Bana hsi OTfl.ijiLHLix'L MtcTi, pa36pocaHHHXt Ha CTp. 45, 48, 139 
Toro ace TOMa Tofl ace KHHrn; ;n;ajiie CTp. 527 cooTBixcTByeT'B cip. 
139, 141, 144, 145 t. Vl-ro, co^. H. BapcyKOBa; cip. 528 — cxp. 
97, 98, 99 Il-ro TOMa yKaaaHHaro co^HHema IlLinHHa; CTp. 529 — 
CTp. 107, 119, 167, 169, 117, 115 Il-ro TOMa Toro ace co^HHema; 
CTp. 530 — CTp. 115, 117, 124, 125 Il-ro t. Toro ace co^HHema h 
CTp. 76, 77 Vl-ro t. KHHrn H. BapcyKOBa; CTp. 531 — H. BapcyKOBX, 
T. VI, CTp. 254, 258, 269, 270, 282, 283, IXhohhi „BijiHHCKiH" 
T. 2, CTp. 136; CTp. 532— H, BapcyKOBt, t. VI, CTp. 283, 280, 287, 
T. VII, CTp. 98; E T. ji;. H t. ;a;. 

HojioacEMT,, ^To Ha HiKOTopna, BecLMa, Bnpo^eM'L, neMHoria hsx 
yKaaaHHHxt MicTi. CTaTefi H. BapcyKOBa e A. IlHnEHa, r. H. 9h- 
re.iLrapiU'B ccHjiaeTca BHHOCKaMH BHEsy CTpaHEr^u; ho ji;ijio Bt TOMt, 
^0 ji;aace npEHEMaa axo bo BHEManie, BceTaKE acno, KaK'B nncan'E 
CBOK) KHEry aBTopt. H HeBOJiLHO Ha^EHaeniB ji;yMaTL, ne myTHTX 
jiE r, H. BnrejiLrapAT'B, roBopa o Tpy^HOCTE'pa6oTti 6e3T. no^roTO- 
BHTejiBEBixt MaTepBajiOBt, Heo6xo^HMOCTH npocMaTpEBaTB „Me- 

MyapBI, SaanCKE, c6opHBKE HBCeMt", O „KOnOTJIHBOCTE" COCTaBJieHiH 

6H6jiiorpa$H?ecKaro VKaaaTejia, ecjiE, nsjiaraa ECTopiio jiHTepaTypH 

40-X'B rO^IiOB'B, OHTi HOSHaKOMHJICa JlHinB CB TaKHME 06lI],eH3BiCTHBIMH 

Tpy^aMB, KaK'B nacJii^OBaHia H. BapcyKOBa h A. IlHnHHa. 

^HTaTejiB BH^HTTb, ^To HpH TaKOMT» xapaKTepi „H3CJit;n;oBaHia" 
r. H. BnreJiBrapj^Ta ne MoaceTi 6htb h pi^iB o tomi, ^to6bi sto 
„H3CJitji;oBaHie** Morjio „ji;aTB Harjra;i;Hoe npe^CTaBJieHie o JiHTepa- 
TypHot aBOJiH)i],iH" npomjiaro BiKa. jyTpyj^i*" r-na H. DnrejiBrap^^Ta 
npocTo Ha npocTO cboji;t» BHaHCOKT, bt» KaBH^iKaxi) h 6e3T» hhxx nat 

H^CKOJIBKHX'B HpOHETaHHBIX'B aBTOpOM'B pafiOTt HO pyCCKOfl ECTOpiH 

E HCTopiB pyccKoS j[ETepaTypH. TaKi. I-aa ^acTB V-fl rjiaBH, KaKt 


HOBHH EHHrH. 75 

MH y^Ke roBopHjiH, cocTaBjieHa no H. BapcyKOBy h A. IlHnHHy, 
I-aa iiacTL I-oS rjiaBLi — no KanHTajiBHOMy Tpyji;y H. K. HlBTJiL^epa 
^HMnepaTopt AjieKcaHji;p'L I-wfi" h no H3CJii;i;oBaHiK) A. IlHnHHa 
„06ii],ecTBeHHoe jUBHacenie npn HMnepaxopi AjieKcaHji;pi I-oMt", 
Il-aa ^acTL Toft ace rjiaBH — no „Biorpa$iH BaTiomKOBa" , cocTaBJien- 
HoS JI. MaflKOBHMi, H no KHnri H. BtjioaepcKofi „B. T. Hapi»- 

r. H. SHrejiLrap^Ti ofiin^ajn ^aTt bi> npe;n;HCJiOBiH „cnpaBO^- 
nyio KHHry fl;jia Bcixx HHTepecyK)ni;Hxca jiHTepaTypoft". Oht» ne 
HcnoJiHHJix ^aace aioro o6^Tnjd^msi. Ym,e ne roBopa o MHoacecTBi 
MOJiKHxt dHdjiiorpLa^H^ecKHxt nejajo^eToa^B, KaKt, naup., oxcyTCXBie 
yKasaHifi na CTaitH r. CyxoMJiHHOBa h r. MaKOTHna o Pa^nmeBt hjih 
r. KoTJEapeBCKaro o B. K. KH)xejii>6eKepi h A. H. OjijoeBCKOMi, 
ynaaceMi jiHrnt KpaftnioK) nenojEHOTy 6H6jiiorpa$iH o A. H. repii;eHi, 
He CMOTpa na to, ^to bi I-mi tom* „(iiioBapa pyccKHx^ nncaTe- 
jiefi" C. A. BenrepoBa, r. H. OnrejiLrap^Tt Morx 6bi naflxH Hc^iep- 
nHBaK)ni;yK) 6H6jiiorpa$iK) npe^Meia. 


npo<{>. EBremiEfc Bo6poBi. JiHTepaTypa h npocBi^jqeHie b'b 

Poccin XEK B. MaTeptAJibT, HSCJi^AOBaHia h saii'i^TKn. TosfB Ill-fi. KasafiB. 1902. 

B% lU'Wh TOM* cBOHXi ^MaTepLajTOBi" npo$. E. BofipoBi* coo6- 
ni;aeT'B Tparn^Hyio CTpaHHii;y nst ncTopin Cn6. Me;i;HKO-XHpyprH^e- 
CKofi aKa^eMin. 10-ro ceHTa6pa 1838 ro^a cTyji;eHTt $apMaii;iH 3-ro 
KJiacca HfiaHTb Co^HHCKifi, Bofljua b% KOH^epenn.'L-Bajiy, saMaxnyjica 
HoacoMi na npo$eccopa xhmIh He^aoBa, cHCTeMaTHqecKH npecjiiji;o- 
BaBfflaro ero aa „Hecnoco6HocTi>". He^aesa ohi ne panHJii, ho 
0T6HBaacB oTt cxBaTHBHiHX'L «ro npo$eccopa KaMencKaro, msefii^apa 
CyxoMyTOBa h yHTepx-o$Hii;epa ToKapena, nanect hmi bc^m'b tpohm'b 
paHH, 3a ^To H 6hL3n> npnroBopeH'L renepaji'L-ay^HTopiaTOM'L e-l 
HaKaaaniK) ninHBtpyTeHaMH. Bot:b KaKt onncHBaerL 3K3eKyii;iH) oji;HHt 
H3Tb TOBapnmefl Co^HHCKaro: „...CTy^eHTOB'L aacTaBHjiH ji;aTi> hhcl- 
MOHHoe ofiasaxejiLCTBO npucymcmeoeamb npn BapBapcKofl 3K3eKyii;iH; 
Bi npoTHBHOMx cjiy^ai yrpoacaJiH HCKJUO^enieMX H3t aKa^eMin gi> 
jiHnieHieMi) npaBa nocTynHXL bx KaKoe j[h6o yqefinoe saBe^enie b% 
npeji;*jiaxi. Poccin... HacxynHjix poKOBoS ^eHi> 3K3eKyii;iH. 9xo 6hjio 
Bi nocjii^EHXt ^HCJiaxt 0Kxa6pa 1838 ro^a... ^xo6h 6htb na Micxi 
Kx Ha3Ha^eHHHM'B 9 ^acaMX. yxpa, mh no^najiHCB ^o cBixy, h xep- 

3aeMHe CaMHMH rOptKHMH, CaMEIMH 6e30Xpa^HBIMH, AO M03ra Kocxeft 

o;n;ypaK)ni;HMH on^ymeniaMH,. nonjiejiHCL ci BufiopcKofl cxopoHH ki 
apaK^eeBCKHM'L Ka3apMaMX y TaBpn^ecKaro ca^a. IIIjih ntmKOMt: 
o6t H3B03qHKax'L npH HameMt norojioBHOMi 6e3;i;eHeaci>H ne^iero 
6hjio h AyMaxL. B:b KasapMaxt, Kyji;a naMi Bejiino 6hjio coCpaxtca, 
BCxpixHJix Hact HHcneKxopxi co chhckom'l Bt pyKaxt h ct cBoefi 
cKBepHiflmefi h noji;ji*fiinefi yjiHdKofl na jiHii;i. Ohx, c^ijiajix naMi 
ca^yK) xmaxejiLHyK) nepeKJiniiEy h aEsypaxHO oxMixHjn xixt, Eoro 


76 PyCCKOB BOrATOTBO. 

He oKaaajiocL. Ho oKOH^aniH noB-fepKH nact bheojih Ha 6ojiLmoft 
fl;Bopx, rin-fe yBH;i;ajiH mh ji;Ba pfffl;a rapHH30HHHXt cojifl;aTt ci 6apa- 
6aHin;HKaMH na KaaijiiOM^ KOEXijk. "Repeat nicKOJiLKO MHHyTi HSTb 
fl;pyroro . OT^tJienifl KaaapMt bhegjih no;^^ KOHBoeMi Co^HHCKaro, 
o;i;iTaro Bt cipHft apecTaHCKift xajraxi. npoxo;^H mhmo nacE, oHt 
CHfljit apecTaHTCKyio nianKy h noKjroHHJEca naMt, — mh Mojiqa no- 
KJiOHHJiHCL eMy... 

. . . Hec^acTHaro Co^HHCKaro o6HaaKHjiH ;i;o noaca, pyKH upHBJi- 
sajiH Kx npHKJiaAy pyactn, KOTopoe necjiH nepeji;^ hemi ^sa coji- 
fl;aTa, Haint mepenraMH bhcoko no^HSJiHCB mnHupyTeHH, pa3;];ajica: 
6apa6aHHHfl 6ofi — h cTpa^ajiBiia noBejiH. IIocjiHniajicff KpHKt Tep- 
saeMofi acepTBH. S. He BH^epacajri: jsjmuBmisji Menn cjiesH c;i;aBHJiH 
MHt rpyfliL H ropjio, a HcxepH^ecKH 3apBi;n;aji'L h 6pocHjica Kt ^Be- 
pHM^ KaaapM'L, OTKyji;a mh bhhijih, — ^to6h He cjiHxaTB Bonjieft, 
pas^HpaBfflHX'B ji;yniy, ho yBH^-fejit jntByxi cojifliaTt, nperpafliHBmHxt 
MH'fe nyTL cKpeni;eHHHMH pyactaMH. OEaaajiocB, ^ro na^ajiLCTBO name 
h TyT^ BHKaaajio cbok) npe^ycMOTpHTeJiBHOCTB. npej^BH^a, ^to cxy- 
^eHTH He 6y;i;yT'L b'l cocTOflHiH BLiHecTH cii;eHH HCTaaania h, HBact 
Ha M^CTO Ka3HH HO HpHKasaHiK), BceTaKH, nonuTaiOTca yKJiOHHTBca 
OTh BH;i;a ea, ohh pacnopa^HjiHCB xaK'L, ^to na^ajrBHHKOMt 8K3eKy- 
HiiH B-B ffBepax^ KaaapM^ 6hjih nocTaBjieHH qacoBHe ct npHKasa- 
HieMt HHKoro ne nponycKaTB co ^sopa. Bn^a HeB03MoacHOCTB 
yKpHTBca, a kp^hko saacaji^ ce6t yniH h o6epHyjioa jihihom'b ki 
cTi&Hi: KpHKOBx a He cjiMxajit 6ojiie, ho poKOTt dapafianoBt, qyiB 
^oxojiiHBmifi fl;o cjiyxa, ^aBaJiB mh^ anaxB, hto HCTaaanie eni.e npo- 
^oJiacaeTca. J^ojvco a CToajii TaKB h ac^aji, K0Hii;a, ho 6apa6aHHHft 
6ofl He npepHBajica; HaKonen;!,, bb HeTepniniH h bb KaKOM^-TO 
OT^aania a o6epHyjica h jbej^'^jvl, hto necqacTHaro Co^HHCKaro 
B03aT'B yace bb ^syxKOJiecHofl lejiiffiKt h Bce eni;e npo;a;oJiacaH)Ti 

6hTB, — BOnJIH yMOJIKJIH, H TOJIBKO CJIBimHTCa CBHCTB HinHI^pyTeHOB^../' 

(cTp. 44, 45, 46). Co^HHCKifl ne BBinecB mnni^pyTeHOBB h ynepB. 
IIpo$. He^aeBB nojiy^HJiB opj^eni cb. Ahhh Il-fi ct., a Me^HBO- 
xHpyprniecKaa aKa^enia mi> MHHHCTepcTBa BnyTpeHHHXB n^^JUh 
6Hjia nepe^HCJieHa b^ BoeHHOe b^jiiomctbo. 

Bb TOfi ace KHHri npo$. E. Bo6poBa, bb BOcnoMEHaHiaxi o6b 
HHcneKTop-fe cTy;i;eHT0B'B MOCKOBCKaro ynHBepcHTeTa n. C. HaxHMOBt, 
^HTaeM-B coBepmeHHO hhomb OTHomeHiH HHcneKAiH kb cxy^iieH- 
TaMB, qiMB TO, KOTopoe MH BH;^iJIH nps 9K3eKyn;iH necqacTHaro 
Co^HHCKaro. „Bo speMa poBOJiioi^iH 1848 r., — namerB npo^eccopB 
E. Bo6poBB, — yHHBepcHTeTB 6HaB chjibho B086yacffeHB. 9to 6Hao 
nepBoe na^aao, Kor^a bi anoxy 40-x'b ro;i;oB% bb Mace* cTy;i;eH- 
TOBB sapo^HJica HHTepecB K-B coi];iajiBHHM^ BonpocaMi. YcTpoHJica 
CTy;i;eH^ecKifl KJiy6'B. Hanaia 6HJia oco6aa KBapinpa, r^i h coCh- 
pajiocB ji;o 400 ^ejiOBiKt, fl;ocTaBajiH Bcfe 3anpeni;eHHHa raseiH h 
6poniiopH, niJiH oacHBJieHHHe tojikh" (cTp. 80). 11. C. HaxHMOBt, 


HOBHS BHHrH. 77 

ysHaBi cyn^ecTBOBaHiH nKJiyfia", npHseajii kt, ce6t ciyaeHTOBi.- 
y^peaBTeaefi ero, 

— y Bsfci Tarn Kjryfii, rocnofla? 

— Jta, ecTb, IIJiaTOH'B CTenanoBH^'B. 

— H, BOHe^HO, ecTt BcaKaro pofla sanpen^enHua BSAaHia? 

— EcTi., IlaaTOHi CrenaHOBH^i. 

— Hy, TB-K-h BOTi 5T0 a Baut oaaacy, rocnoaa! Bee 3to Aomso 
JO ataHAapMCEaro Ha^ajibCTBa; ne ceroxHfl — saBipa y Bact c/tiJiaion 
o6ucBi; TaEi bu KJiy6i 9toti HeMe;i;aeHHO saspofiTe, Bce, ^to ecri> 
sanpeiiieHHaro npHmiHTe eo uh^, ja He 8a6yAkTe b'^ KaK;i,oe xaEoe 
co^HHeHie BJioaMTt aaKJiasay, KOMy oho npBaajiJieffiH™: yjuiaceTca 
Bce,— ciasy paBsasaTL, laKi, noatajiyfi, nepeMtmaK)" (cip. 80, 81). 

Kjiy&L Gas-h CBoeBpeMeHHo saEpbirb caMHUH cTyAeHxaiiH, n. C. 
HazHMOB'B Bepoy^i hhi „E8AaHiH ci saKJiaAKauH" h hbkto m^ 
MOJiOfleatH He 6hjii nposjie^eHi Sh oxEtTCTBeHHoeTH. 

Kpout coo6iiieHia o fltjit CoqHHCE£*o h BOcDOHHHaBifl n. C. 
HaxHMOB*, Bt KHHrt iipo$. E. Bo6pOBa HaxoflHM'B enie DHCBMa 
H3BicTHaro KaaaBciiaro noara r. II. KaueneBa ki MaccoHy C. A. 
MocKCTHJiLBHKOBy, 4 HaneHaTaHHKfl nepBoaaqajitHo Bt wJ^paMara- 
lecKHXi npafiaBJieHiflS'B m MocKOBCEOMy BiicTHHKy" sa 1826 r. 
xeaipajibiibia peiieH3iH C. T. AncaKOBa, ho Boraeamia bi hoboo 
H3saHie (1896 r.) ero co^HHeBiS, h sicsojibEo HCTopH^ecEHxi h 
HCTOpHKO-JiHTepaTypBHX'B 3aMfrroKt (bKi HCTopiH pyccEaro HaCCOH- 
CTBa", nCEaaaHie o KopHCTOJiH)6n;t Bt EOBJiHHofl mBypt", „0 C. fl. 
He^aeB*'^, „0 TiJieoBuxi HaKasaHiaxt", „0 KaMeHCBi"). HHTepecsa 
aaMliTKa o ao3H^ IIoJieffiaeBa „HMaH%-Ko3eJii": r. EoCpoBi noJia- 
raexi, qto ara aoava nocjiyatHJia oahoB est, nps^HHi passajioBaHia 
nojieataeBa bi eoJijaxH. „He HaSfleHO-jiH 6bijio b-l ..HMaHi" aa- 
cuimEH Haflt jiyxoBeHCTBeHt, — BHHa, ente 6ojite ycyrySjiflBmaa 
BpasBpaTHocTt" o6pa3a atHSHB h BoaaplsHiS noaia?.. Ho, ecaa IIo- 
jieataeBi nocTpaaajii to^ho sa o^Horo JiBmt nCamBy", to ao^esiy me 

HMOHBO Om naJIT. O^HCTBTOJIbBOIO SepTBOK) sa BeCb MOCEOBCKlS yHH- 

BepcHTen., BaBJieEmifl sa cefia ratBi? Kto, ibs pjBa noaaSoTHJiacL 
npeflcTaBHTt HMnepaiopy HMeHBO HojieataeBOEaro „CaniEy", H saBi 
BHflHO, ct BjffiBEiMH EOMueHiapiaMH?.. He Chjio-jih TyTi aecTH sa 
„Hwaua-K03Jia?" (cip. 175). 


BaHi-SioAA^H'b. HcTopia iiiBetti],apCBaro Hapoja. nepeBo^:^ tt, 
c[>paBiif3CKaro n(if,t. pexaKojeio 3. J[. PaAioea, Towb III. Cn(>. 1902. 

BaHi-MioHseBi cqBTaeTCH Tenept oahbicl sa-h HaH6ojiie oCcTOS- 
TOJibBHXi HCTopiorpa$OBi. UlBeSiiapiH, Btpaie — noJiHTH^ecEaro ea 
QpoDiJiaro., h6o o coB;iaJibHOH'k 6iJTi msefiiiapcEaro aapoAa OB'S nOTi'B 
lie ynoMHaaeTt, a BeMHoria rjiaBti (bi Ill-ut TOwi ojiHa), hocba- 
uieBHua yjBCTBeHHOuy ftBBKeHiio, hocmti, no npeBMymecTBy, HO- 
HeHKjaTypHug sapaETept. CEasaTB, qro sTa BHHra SyflHTt mbiGiL, 
BaBo;iH'FB Ba pa3MLini.ieHia, hio oaa BHiepecHo BanBcaHa, naert 


78 


PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 


ii;4jiBHyK) H BHnyKJiyK) HCTopn^ecKyK) KapTHHy, — SHaqHTt chjebho 
norptniHTB npoTHB'B hcthhm. HejiBsa noacejiaxB Jiy^mefi cnpaBO^Hofi 
SHHru no HGTopiH UIsefii^apiH^ HexejiH axn xpH xoMa (cHa6aceHHBie, 
Kb TOMy ace, npeBOcxo^HUMt aji$aBHTHHM% yKaaaTejieaii), — ho ^h- 
TaTB Hxi cHCTeaiaTHqecKH ecTB TpyA'B ctojib ace HenpHBjieKaTejiBHHft 
H HeB03Harpaac;i,aK)iiUfica, KaKi ^iTeflie HiKOTopHXi flipyrnxi ofimnxTb 
HCTopifl — Hanp., co^HHenia ^esape KaHTy o6i HTajiiH hjih Jla^yen- 
Teca 061 HcnaniH; $paHi^y3CKift Anpn MapxaHB* h nani'B CojiOBBeB'B 
qHTaiOTCfl yace ropasflio Jierqe, h6o y hhx% ecTB npopafioTaHHwa 
o6]^iA MHGJiH; T. e. xa apia;z];HHHa hhtb, Koxopaa coBepmeHHO OTcyx- 
CTByeTB y Bani-Miofi^iieHa. He to, qTo6H oh%, nanpHMi&p'B, cjihih- 
KOifB npATajn sa HSJiaraeMHMH ^aKxaMH gbok) HH^HBHAyaJEBHocxb; 
HanpoxHBi, j6^ji,QEis cboh ohi BMCEasHBaex'B RcxaxH h HeKcxaxu, 
HO, Bo-nepBHX'B, 3XH yCtac^eHiff HMtoix ^pesBtiqaflHO cShb^hbhS 
BH^iix, a BO-BxopHx% — OHH H3JiaraK>Tca KaKX-xo a part oxx o6maro 
4>aETHqeGKaro pasGKasa; ^Gxa, noGB^niieHHiiH hm'b, Mexann^eGKH 
BGxaBjieHu b'b HSJioacenie h ne OGstn^aioH ero. npHBeja;eM'B npH- 
jutpi. BaH'B-MroSAeH'B, BHi BGaKofl HenoGpefl;cxBeHHo^ cbash ct 
GBoeK) xeMOK), pasMHffljiaexx na HiGKOJiBKHX^ nepBHxx GxpanHi^ax'B 
{Ill-ro xoMa) ji;taTejiaxi nepBofl ^pani^yaGKofl peBOJiH)n;iH: „9xo 
6hjih xeopexHKH, y6iac;n;eHHHe a priori bi B03MoacHOGXH OGyme- 
cxBJieHia CBOHxt ryMaHHxapHHxt Me^xanifl. Kor^a BHGxynHJiH xpy^i;- 
HOGXH, Koxopuxt He oacH^ijajrH, ohh 6hjih nopaaceHu h, xaKi KaKt 
axo saxporHBaJio hxi GaMOJiio6ie, ohh, nofl;o6HO cbohmi npe^niecxeeH- 
HHKaMt, npnetrjiH Kt CHjii ji^jisi npoBe^eniH gbohxi H;i;e3. JlHineHHtie 
pejiHrio3Haro qyBGXBa, a ^0 HtKOxopofi cxenenH h npaBGXBeHHaro, 
ohh coBepmHJiH — o^hh Gt HaHBHHMi. ^iHCxocep^e^ieMX, Apyrie ct 

nenpOGXHXeJII.HHM'L JierKOMHCJlieM'B hjih B03MyXHXeJIBHLIMt I^HHHa- 

MOM% — GaMHH Boniion;iH neGnpaBe^JiHBOCXH". Yace axH $pa3H g6hb- 
qHBH, oryjiBHU h 6e3t oroBopoK'L qpe3BHHafiH0 fl;aji6KH ot:b hgxhhh. 
Ho AajiLHMfflifl npnroBopx niBeftii,apGKaro HCxopHKa enie o6n^ie h 
€n;e EypLesHie: „peBOJiioi^iH — CKopoGni^jioe ji^ijio pyEi HeonuxHHX'L 

H He3p^JIBIX'L HOJIHTHKaHOB'B — 3aHBHJia Gefifl HGnojiHHxejiBHHn;efl Hfl;eH 

^JHJioGO^OB'B, ;n;HGKpe^HXHpoBaBniHX'B GxapHfl peacHM^. Ho noKOJiinie 
1793 ro^a, Jinxopa^o^Hoe, Bne^axjiHxejiLHoe, no^ospHxejiBHoe h ace- 
<5xoKoe, He o6jia;i;ajio HpaBCXBeHHUMH Ka^eGXBaMH, Heo6xo^HMHMii 
;i;jia G03;i;aHiH HOBaro nopH;i;Ka Bemefi; oho B036y;i;HJ!0 CKoponpexo- 
;i;flHj,ie anxyaiasMH h, ho GyMi^Bt fl;oBecTH ji;o KOHn.a npe^noJiaraeMLia 
pe$opMH, oGxaBHjio 8a G060K) MHoro pasBajiHHx". Yace ;^aBHO He 
xaflna (a noGJii KannxajiLHaro Tpy;^a Ojiapa GxaHeit, oKOH^axejiLflo, 
TpK)H3M0M'B), ^xo pifl;KO KaKoe Gofipanie bo BGeMipnofl fiGxopiH npo- 
aBHjio 3a KopoxKiS npoMeacyxoKt cymeGXEOBaniH xaKyio opraHHsa- 
xopcKyio GHJiy, xaKyio 3p'fejiocxB rocy^apGiBeHHofl mbicjih, xaEoe 60- 
raxoxBO HHHii;iaTHBH, kslkl HMeHHO nepBHH peBOJiK)ii,ioHHHa najiaxH — 
KOHGXHxyanxa, JierHCJiaxHBa h KOHBenxx, h noGJit;i;HiH ^aace ho npe- 
HMymeGXBy. Pe$opMH a^MHHHGxpaxHBHaro h rpaac^aHCKaro npasa. 


HOBHfl KHHrH. 79 

y^ednaro ^ij-fejia h t. ^., h t. ji;. OKaaajiHCL npo^HHMt fliapoBTB Toro 

BpeMeHH H 3TH TOJIOCJIOBHHa BHXOAKH He TOJIBKO JIHIUeHH BCflKarO 

cofliepacaHia, ho h coBepmeHHO neyMicTHH bi „HcTopiH mBefiD;ap- 
cKaro napo^a". — »Kor;i;a OKaaajiocL", — nnnreTi asTopi „^to hxi 
TeopiH nycTH h cyeTHH, nopoKH juiflcTByiomHxi, JIH^'B ApaMH bh- 
3BajiH OTBpa^eHie; napoflji OTBepnyjiCH ovb khxi ct yacacoMi, a 
cqacTJiHBHfl cojTfl.a'FB, aBHBHiiftca ^jisL ocBo6oacAeHiff ero otl THpanin 

8THyB nOCJli^HHXt, 6uJl'h npHHATX, KaKl 0CB060^HTeJIL". TaKOe CJIO- 

BecHoe nepejiEBanie eq% nycToro bx nopoacnee ^jihtch e^^e niKO- 

TOpoe BpeMfl, — H nOTOMl aBTOpt, KaKl HH Bt ^eMt He 6HBaJI0, 

nepexofljH'FB Kt CBoeMy o6BiqHOMy cnoKoflnoMy h moHOTOHHOMy nepe- 
CKasy Bi xpoHOjiorH^ecKOMi nopH;i;K* Bcero BaacHaro h neBaacHaro, 
cjiy^HBinarowi bx nojiHTH^ecKofl HCTopin IIlBefli^apiH aa nocjitAHiS: 

B^Kli!. Bx CynijHOCTH, 3a BH^eXOMt HeMHOraXX MOMeHIOBt nOJIHTH- 

- qecKaa Coptfia bx IIlBefii^apiH (Meamy pe$opMaTaMH h KaTOJiHKaMH, 
* jinfiepajiaMH h peaKUiioHepaMH), o6HKHOBeHHo, He fl;ocTHraaa cjinm- 
KOMX 6ojiBmHxi. pasMtpoBX. IlHorfl;a fipoacenie oxBaTHBaao OTji;*aLHHe 
KaHTOHH, HO p-fejpco BCK) cTpaHy. BopL6a Meac^y ^JienaMH h npoxHBHH- 
KaMH 3oH^ep6yH^a — caMHfl BH;i;aK)^iS:ca ^slktl aioro po;i;a, ho h 
aTa 6opL6a OKOH^naacL 6e3x Bpefl,a ji^Jisi e^ijHHCTBa pecny6jiHKH. IIpHH- 
uflWb no^TH nojiHaro caMoynpaBJieHia, ^apHB^Iifi bx cTpani, c^;*- 
jiSLJVh TO, ^TO Kaac;i;Lifl KanTOHx HMieTt cboh) HCTopiio, Koe bt> ^eMt 

OTJLB^BJOmjJOCSl OTt HCTOpiH COCifl;HHXX KaHTOHOBX. Bc6 aTH ^aCTH 

HCTopiH inBefin;apiH Tpyfl,ojiK)6HBO h flieiaatHO najioaceHH BaHt-Miofi- 
j^enoMt. Ero naTpioTH3Mt ofiaa^^aext Tipe3BH^afiH0 bhcokoA leMne- 
paTypoH), HO 3aKJiK)qaeTx b% ce6i ntKOTopHa qepTH, cnocofiHHfl 
no;i;KynHTL ^aace HHOcipaHHaro ^HTaTejiH h, noacajiyfi, eme 6oaLnie, 
HeacejiH afiopHreHa. Ha cxp. 249 ^iHTaeMx: ^bx ro^, nocJii^OBaBnrie 
aa 1830 r., na xeppHTopiio HlBefii^apiH ciajiH CTeKaTtca o6aoMKH 
peBoaioniifi, KOTopHH tojibko ^to noTpaeajiH MaxepHKX Cxaparo CBiia. 
rocTenpiHMHaa no^iBa, npHCTaHHni;e necqacTHHX'L BCHKaro poji;a, 6e3- 

BiCTHHX'L HOJIHTHKOBt, CMHpeHHHX'L HOCJli&AOBaTeJiefi TOHHMOfi B^pH, 

MonapxoBx, HHSBepacenHHX'L cb npecTOJia h 6iacaBmHxt H3'b cBoeft 
po^HHH, — ^jia Bcixx niBeflr^apcKifl coiosx cjiyacHJix yace n;i&JiHe b^ku 

ydiaCHH^eMt, n0^06H0 TOMy, KaKt BX ApeBHOCTH XpaMH dHJIHM'feCTOM'L, 

^;^6 onajisHHfi Morx BHacHfl;aTL HacTynjieHia Jiy^mefi nopH bx hoji- 
Hofi 6e3onacHOCTH orb npecjii^oBania cBonxt hpothbhhkob'b. Ho y 
•caMuxi BHxofl;oB'B H31i aToro xpaMa cTopoacHjiH no^ospHxeJitHHe 
BJiacTejiHHH, i^apHBfflie wh Efipon'fe". 3a to niBeftuapia, roBopnrt 
aBTopt, sacjiyacHBaeTi HeynajiaeMofi cjiaBH, ^to ona, ne cwioTpa hu 
yrpo3H H 3aTpyji;HeHia, — 3a BH^eTOMX HCKJiioqHTejiBHHXt cayiaeBx 
He BHroHHJia h ho BLi;i;aBajia H3rHaHHHK0B'L. BaHX-MK)fifl,eHx cmot- 
pHTX ex H^KOTopHMx (BHpo^eMX, KpoTKH^iix) Heoflio6peHieMX E coaca- 
jiiflieMx Ha aTHxx „Meac;^yHapo;n;HLixx cMyTtanoBx", KaKX ohx HaaH- 
r BaeTX hxx, xoxa h Tyxx ero Boaspi^nia n-fecKOJiLKO c6hb^hbij, h6o 


» 80 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

H31 MHorHxt BHpaaceHifl HBCTByera, ^to OHt othbo^l ne co^yBCTByeTt 

H TOMy, npoTHBi qero „CMyTI>aHH** fiopOJIHCL. 

$aKTH, npHBOJi;HMHe bi HSofinjiiH BaHi-Mrofl^^eHOMi, nofljTBepac- 
ji;aK)Ti BecBMa y6t^HTejibH0 ero mhcjib, ^to bi HlBeflAapiH h b^ 
XIX BiisA (mh 6h cKaaajiH: no npeHMymecTBy bi 1-ofl ero nojiOBHHfe) 
cymecTBOBajia x'^CHaa cbssb Meacfl;y BonpocaMH nojiHTH^ecKHMH h 
pejiHrio3HHMH, KOH^eccioHajiBHHMH. HsBicTHaa HCTopia CB npo$ec- 
cypoK) niTpayca paacKaaana ijTb BectMa ^ijeTajiLHO. Bi 1836 ro^y 
ocBofiojUHJiacL Bi I^ropHxcKOMt yHHBepcHTexi Kaeeflipa, na KOTopyK), 
nocjL^ fl;ojirofl 6opl6h h nojieMHKH Meac^y pafl;HKajiaMH h jiiyxoBen- 
CTBOM^, npaBHTejiBCTBO IJiopHxa npnrjiacHJio JasH^iia HlTpayea, aBTopa 
„HtH3HH iHcyca XpncTa". Bx na^ajii 1839 roji;a rocyfl;apcTBeHHHS 
coBivb yTBepfljHJix HasHa^enie niipayca. Ha^ajiocL dpoacenie Bt 
Hapo^t. Repeat h^^ckojilko ^ijHefi nocjit pimeHia rocyfl,apcTBeHHaro 
coBtTa npoHBomjia 6ojibinaff MaHH$ecTai],ia npoTHBi. npaBHTejiLCXBa, 
BCKopt o6pa30Baj[aGi> h^jislsi eBanrejiH^ecKaH accoi^iai^iH^ co6paBnia£[ 
39 Tucsiwb no^nncefl npoTHBi yTBepac^^enia IIlTpayca, saBOJiHOBa- 
jiHCB ;i;epeBHH; npaBHxeJiLCTBO pi^mnjio npnrjiacHTL $e^epajiBHHa 
BoflcKa ;a;jia coxpaHenia nopa^Ka, ho BOJineme cl Kaacfl;iiiMX ;^HeM'B 
ycHJiHBajiocB, — H repeat mecTt neA'feJiB nocjit yTBep3Kfl;eHia IIlTpayca 
TOTX ace rocyfliapcTBeHHHfl coBfoi fl.aji'B eMy OTciaBKy ex nencieft 
(bx 1500 ^paHKOBX B% roflt), xoth IIlTpaycx, Kone^HO, eme h 
He Ha^HHajit cBoefi cjiyacfiH. Ho bthmx ne koh^hjiocb. BojiHenia 
npo^oJiacajiHCL, h6o 6ojiLniiH MaccH KaHTonajiLHaro naceJieHiff ipe- 
6oBajiH OTCTaBKH npaBHTOJiLCTBa, ocMijiHBniaroca npnrjiacHTB IIlTpa- 
yca. npoH3oniJio BoopyaceHHoe CTOJiKHOBenie napo^a ct BoficKaMH, 
npn ^OMx ct o64hxx CTopoHX 6hjih acepTBLi (hsx Hapo;i;a 6i>iJio yCHTO 
13 ^ejiofeiKt). HncypreHTH fl.o6HJ[HCL CBoero. IIpaBHTejiLCTBO ycTy- 
HHjio CBoe M^CTO jipyroMy, BpeMennoMy, a BCKop-fe nocji^^OBajiH 
3H6opEi, ^oKasaBinie rjiyfioKyio nenonyjiapHOCTL pgg^HKajiLHofi napTin. 

HcTopia niBfefli^apin bo BTopofl nojiOBHHi hochtx 6ojAe TycKJiHft 
xapaKTepx. Ecjih b-^phtb a$opH3My, ^to „cqacTJiHBa CTpana, HMtiomaa 
cKy^Hyio HCTopiJo", to othochtojibho nocjii&;i;HHX'B ;n;ecaTHjitTifi hcto- 
pH^ecKofi acH3HH mBefin.apcKaro Hapo^a Moacno npHfl;TH kx BecBMa 
OIITHMHCTH^eCKHMX BHBO^aMX. Kx HoiipiaTHOMy yfl;HBJieHiK) TiHTaTejia, 
oocToaTejiLHLifi, HHor;i;a ^aace yTOMHTejiLHO ^eTaaLHHfl BaHt-MiQfl- 
j^oHt ja;o HejiL3a 6irjio, coBCtMt bx pasMipaxx y^efinnKa roBopHTX 
caMo8 BaacHOH qepT* HOBMniefi fflBefii],apcKofl HCTopin: oKOH^a- 
TejiBHofi ;n;eM0KpaTH3an;iH cTpoa. BcnoMHHaa ckojibko M-fecTa nocBa- 
uiaroit rocy^apcTBOBtffw (opo^'fe JIaBeJia) xoTa 6h TaKOMy opnrH- 
HajiBHOMy aBJieHiio, KaKt HOBiflmie inBe8i],apcKie ^pe^epen^tyMH**, 
Mti He MoaceMX ne nocTaBHTL Banx-MioSj^eHy Bt 6ojLhmo& naccHBX 
oTcyTCTBie HHTepeca kx 3T0My h kt» ^pyrHMt npH3HaKaMX ;i;eMOKpa- 
TH3aAiH, OTM-fe^aioniefi 6oJiie h Ooji^e BecB rocyAapcTBeHHtift fiuTx 
coBpeMeHHofl IUBefii],apiH. KHHra BaHt-MiOHAeHa Hyffi;;i;ajiacL, cKop-fee, 
Bt nonyjiapH3ai];iH h coKpameHin, neacejiH bx nepeBo;i;i. Bt nacToa- 


HOBHH KHHrH. ^ 81 

meMi cBoeMi BHfli, noBTopaeMi, ona roji;Ha ji^jta cnpaBOKt, a He 
ji,jia caMOo6pa30BaTeja[LHaro ^Tenia. 


BcTopifl cpe^^HHX'b fitBOBi B'b ea nncaTejuoL'B h sacjiibAPBa- 
Hiflxi HOB'bftmHXi yqeHuxi. M. CTacioJieBHHa. i. iiepiojii'b nepeiifi. 

Otb na^^eniH sana;i;HOH phmceoS HMnepin ;i;o Kapjia BejniRaro. 476 — 771. Tpexte 
HBAanie. Cn6. 1902. 

XpecTOMariii M. M. CTaciojieBH^a ne^aiaeTca 6e3% bchkhx'b hsm*- 
HeniS CO BToporo H3;i;aHia, Buinej^maro b-l 1885 ro^y. IlepBoe no- 
^bhjiocl b% 1863 r. h BH3Bajio Tor;i;a ^aace BecLMa oacHBJieHHyH) 
nojieMHKy Meac;ny cocTaBHTejieMx h t^mh y^eHHMH ne^aroraMH, ko- 

TOpHe 6hJIH npOTHB'L nOHHTKH HOCTaBHTL y^amHXCJI JIEAOMt Kl 
JIHI^y ex nepBOHCTO^HHKaMH HCTOpiH. Hh Bt EBpOni, HH y Haci 

TenepB yace 3to Bosap'feHie othochtojilho HeB['fejiecoo6pa3HOCTH ^Tenia 

nepBOHCTO^HHKOBt yHamHMHCa — He HMieTl CK0JILK0-HH6yfl;B aBTopH- 

TeTHHXt 3ani;HTHHK0B'b. Kt coacaJii&Hiio, b% pyccKofi y^e6HO-HCTopH- 
qecKofi JiHTepaTypi^ h^tx he m^ ji;peBHefl, hh wsl hoboA, hh «Jia 
pyccKofi HCTopiH BO BceMi ea o6ieMi, hh o^Hofi ctojb ace o6cto- 
axejiLHoS xpecTOMaxin, KaKi Ta, KOTopyio cocTaBHJi'B M. M. CTacro- 
jieBH^t ^jiH cpejaiHHX'L Bi^KOBt. EcjiH npfl npeno^aBamH HCTopin 
Bcer;i;a nyacHO CTpeMHTBca Kt TOMy, ^to6h yqanuflca no^yBCTBOBajit 
H noHaJit ji;HxaHie acH3HH bt> ycBaHBaeMHXt HCTopnqecKHX'L $aK- 
Taxt, qTo6H HH Ha MHHyTy peajiLHOCTL He noKasajiacL eMy CKas- 

KOH), — TO ^Jia 9T0r0 3HaK0MCTB0 CB HOKasaHiaMH O^eBHTO^BTb CJ[y- 

acHTX offHHMfc H3T> Ha;i;eacH^flniHxx h nesaM^HHMux'B BcnoMoraTejiB- 
HMX-B cpejijCTB'b. KHHra r. CTacjojieBH^a cocxaBjiefla rst> nepeBo;i;oB'B 

BaaCHtfimHX'L H XapaKTepH^HHIHX'B OTPHBKOBI, BSaTHXt H3'B CO^H- 

Henifi CHji;oHia AnoJiJiHHapia, AMMiana Mapn.ejrjiHHa, TpHropia Typ- 
CKaro, TepxyjiJiiaHa, IlaBJia JtiaKona, 9flHrapji;a (Koxoparo aBXQpx 
HasHBaexx ero MenBDie ynoxpefinxejitHBiMi HMeneMt 9rHHrapji;a), 
c^. PeMHria h x. js,. Bxoxx xmaxejiBHHfi h njiaHOM^pHHfl no^6opx, 
^.ificxBHxeJiBHO, BecBMa BHnyKJio H3o6paacaexi nocjii^Hie rofl;H pnif- 
cKofl HMHepiH, anoxy nepecejieHia Hapo;n;oB'B h nepByio, caMyio xen- 
HyK) xpexB cpeji;HeBi^KOBLa, x. e. xo Bpena, Koxopoe no npeHMyme- 
cTBy (h cb nojiHHM'B, BO BceBOSMoacHBixt CMHCJiaxi, npaBOMt) 
anrjiificKie HcxopHKH nasHBaiox'B „the dark ages** — „xeMHHe B^Ka**. 
KpoMt nepeBo;i;a 9Xhxb oxpuBKOBx, cocxaBHxejTB ^ajii nepeBOfli'B 
MHornxB cxaxefi h axioinoBt repji,epa, BoKJia, Mnnijie, Thso, 
TBeppH H jup. 9x0X1 BJieMeHTi xpecxoMaxin, koho^ho, Menie Ba- 
mewh: HcxopHKH XVni — XIX b.b. ropa3fl;o 6ojiie ^ocxynHH, neaceiH 
cpe;i;HeBiKOBHe h, ho cymecxny npe^Mexa, bx nofl;o6HOM'B cfiopHHK* 
He xaKi HyacHLT h HHxepecHH, xoxa, pa3yMtexca, hxi B3rjrafl;H mo- 
ryxx HMtxB noacHaiomee, HJuiiocxpHpyiomee sHa^enie npH ^xeniH 
hcxo^hhkob'b. JKajiB xojibko, ^ixo cocxaBHxejiB ne ^ohojihhji'b 9xoxi» 
onjiihjL'h xpecxoMaxiH npoHSBeAeHiaMH HOBMniefl Hcxopiorpa^in: 

X 4. CVrj^jn U. 6 


82 * pyCOKOB BOrATCTBO. 

aBTopH nocjit^Haro xpHjmaTHnaTHJitTia coBciMi OTcyicTByibTt, — 
a HMeHHO 3a aTo BpeMA HCTopia cpe^HeBiKOBuxi y^pescji^eHig h 
coiuajiBHO-aKOHOMH^ecEaro 6HTa SHa^HxeJiBHO ocB^xEJiacL cpaBHH- 
TejiBHO CL npeAinecTByromHMX nepio;i;oM'B Hcxopiorpa^in. 


06ii],ecTBeHHafl 6opB6a cb xyCepByjieBOfii, kar-b Hapo^HOH) 60- 

A']^3HBK), BT» 3anajd;Hou Efipon*]^ h AiiepzRi^. ^* H. BJOOMBHTaJIfi. ^acTb I 
(Beibriff, 4>paH^ifl, AHTjdfl, PepMaHifl). M. 1901. 

Bo $paHn;iH effieroAHO yMHpaexx oxt ^laxoxKH 150,000 ^ejiOBfex, 
Bx TepjiaHiH — 160,000. Yace OAHi^xt axHxt ip$pt ^ocxaxo^Ho, ^xo6li 
nonaxL, KaKoe orpoMHoe o6m,dcxBeHHoe sna^eHie Hiiiexi 6opi»6a c% 
xy6epKyjie30M'B. Hejitaa pasc^nxHBaxL Ha nojiHoe yHH^ixoac^Hie xy- 
6epKyjie3HMX'L 6ai;Hja[jnE., KoxopHa, cjii;i;oBaxejiBHO, Bcerfl;a 6ysyxi 
yrpoacaxL nameMy cymecxBOBaHiBo. Ofl;HaKO, npocxoe npncyxcxBie 
axHxi 6aii,HJiJii, oxhh);i;l em,e ne aBjiaexca xaKHiit pokobhmi o6cio- 
axejiBcxBOMi: jx^jia. passHxia 6ojri3HH nyjEHH eme ocofiHa He6jiaro- 
npiaxHLia o6cxoaxejii)CXBa. CaMMMx o6Hji;eHHHM'B HefijiaronpiaxHHMX 
oficxoaxejiBCXBOMTb, odycjiOBJiHBaiomHM'B pasBHxie ^axoxKH, aBJiaetca 
ocjiafijieHie opraHHSMa, ocjia6jieHie, rjiaBHUMt oCpaaoMt, BCJiiji;cxBie 
qpesMipHofl pa6oxH, njioxoro nnxama h fl;ypHHXi rHrieHH^iecKHX'B 
ycjiOBifl cyDj;ecxBOBaHia. Cji-fejiiOBaxejiBHO, noji.'BeMi o6m;ecxBeHHaro 
6jiarococxoaHia ecxB nepBoe ycjioBie ;i;jia ycniniHoft 6opb6h ct xy- 
6epKyjie30Mx. BxopHMX, no^xH cxojil ace BaacHHM'B ycjiOBieMi ycniffl- 
HocxH axofi 6opl6h aBJiaexca nojs.'hewb o6mecxBeHHofl o6pa30BaH- 
hocxh: ji^JLSi orpaHH^ema pacnpocxpaneHia xy6epKyjie8a HyacHO xaKoe 
coanaxejiBHoe oxHtineHie Hapofl,a kx rnrieHH^ecKHMx ycjOBiaMx cy- 
mecxBOBania, Koxopoe homhcjihmo xaMi, r^i xopoino nocxaBjieHHaa 
niKOJia He cfl;iJiajiacB ^odm^eHHHMX aBJienieMX. Boxt no^eMy Poccia, 
caMaa 6^;i,Haa h caMaa HeBtJEecxBennaa cxpana EBponn, h hojil- 
ayexca ne^ajiBHOio npHBHJieriefl cxoaxL na nepBOMX Micxi no kojth- 
^ecxBy (He xojibko a6coJiH)XHOMy, ho h oxHOCHxejiBHOMy, x. e. cpaBHH- 
xejiBHo ex ^ECJLOWh acHXBjiefi) 6ojiBHHXx iiaxoxKOK) H, Boo6D^e, xy- 
6epKyjie30Mi. 

Ho 3ana;i;HO-eBpone3cKia cxpaHH, xoxa h Menie naniero cxpa- 
fl;aK)ni.ia ovb ^axoxKH, BcexaKH, npHCxynnjiH kx aneprH^ecKofi 6opB6i 
cx» axHMt HapoOTHMi dt^cxBieMt. MipH, Heo6xofl,HMHa ;i;jia 6opb6h 
CB xySepKyjiesoMt, BHxeKaioxi hsx BBuneyKasaHHHX'B o6cxoaxejiBcxBx, 
fijiaronpiaxcxByiomHX'B pacnpocxpaneHiK) xy6epKyjie3a. Xoxa Bci paa- 
CMaxpHBaeMHa xenepB cxpaHH (BejiBria, *paHii,ia, Anrjiia, TepMaHLa) 
Ha^ajiH 6opB6y no Bcei jxheIh, o^naKO, BCJit^cxBie mhofexx npn- 
"mwhj BB Eaac^ofl H3B hhxb BucxynHJi'B na nepBHH njEanx EaKofi- 
jiH#o o^iiHH'B npieiix 6opb6h. TaKB, bo #paHii,iH h bx BejiBriH 
„KpecxoBBifl noxo^x npoxHBB xyfiepEyjiesa bx raaBHHxx cbohxx 
^epxaxB ocHOBaHB na nponataudTb npoxHBOxyfiepEyjiesHHXB H^eft h 
na BOsj^ificxBin na o6n];ecxBeHHoe MHi^Hie ex uiijiBio BH3BaxB aEXHB- 


HOBHa KHHrH. 83 

Hoe BMiniaTeJBCTBO bi* aiy fioptfiy ofimecTBeHHBixi opraHH3ai];ifi h 
upaBHTejDELCTBeHHofl BJiacTH. Bi AnrjiiH yfl,ajiocB ;n;o6HTi>ca coKpame- 
Hia nporpeccHBHaro pacnpecTpaneHia TjOepKyjiesa npo^HjiaKTH^e- 
<5KHMH MiponpiflTiflMH Bi CBHBH ch o6m,EWb yjiyTimeHieMt rnrieHH- 
^ecKHxi ycjioBifi acHSHH napo^a. Bx TepMamH ace 6opi)6a 3Ta bh- 
paacaeTca b% cTpeMjieniH jirbuumb Tixi, kto yace Haxo^HTca bo 
BJiacTH HeyMOJTHHoft 6ojii3HH" (cTp. 105). *paHK0-6ejiLrificKifl cno- 
oo6x, Meac;i;y npoTjHM'L, xapaKTepHsyeTca pasBHTieMX aMSyjiaxopifl h 
nojiHKJiHHHK'L, KOTopHH npecjiiffyioTi „cjiiji;yK)iii;ifl[ Tpn aa^a^n: boc- 
nHTanie caMoro 6oJiLHoro bi AY^'b tw^iew^i; npHHSTie npo^tiMmmu- 
^necKux^ Mipx fl;jia npejuynpeacffenia aapaaccHia OKpyacaromnxi jihu.'l 
H ceMBH 6ojiBHoro; OKaaanie MaTepiajiBHofi noMovifU KaKX caMOMy 
^ojiBHOMy, xaKi H ceMB* ero" (cTp. 11). HojiHKJiHHHKa, HanpHMipx, 
„]i,B&Th Kaacji;oMy ^axoTO^HOMy KapMaHHyio njieBaTejiBHHii;y, jiHTpx 
^Hcxaro JiHsojia, aHTHcenTH^ecKift sydnofi nopoinoK'B h syfiHyjo iD,eTKy; 
Hay^aeTi, KaKx naso noji;MeTaTB nojii, ne no^HHMaa ntijiH, h KaKx 
^e3HH$eii;iTpoBaTB h cxHpaTB 6*jiBe; npeAnncHBaeTi. ycHjieHHO BeHTH- 
JiHpoBaTB acEjiHme h co6jiK)ji;aTB 6e3yKopH3HeHHyK) ^hctohjiothoctb; 
^anpemaeTt ynoTpe6jieHie ajiKorojia h t. ;a;... 0;i;hhm'b cjiobomx... 
Kaacfl;aa[ ceMBfl, bi KOTopofi octb naxoTO^HBifi, nojiyqaeT-B nojiHoe 
npo$HJiaKTH^ecKoe BOcnHTanie, KOTopoe nocToaHHO h nacTofl^HBO 
noBTopaeTca" (cxp. 12). CBepxi Toro, o6in,ecTBa ^HTaioTi jieKiuH, 
pascBTjiaioTX 6poinK)pBr, nponaran^Hpyromia b'b npecc^ h t. ^. 

Bi AnrjiiH „paci^BiTx Tp3;n;i.-yHioHOB'B (pafio^nxx corosoBi) b'b 
CBH3H ct no;i;HaTieMT> yMCTBeHaaro h HpaBCTBGHHaro pa3BHTiff an- 
rjiiflcKaro pa6oqaro, noBHrnenie 3a|)a6oTHOfi njiaxH, yjiy^meme ^hcto 
KaTepiajiBHHXx ycjiOBifi acHSHH, .3aKOHo;i;aTejiBHafl oxpana ipy^ia h 
yMeHBiueHie pa6o^aro BpeMenn— boti T-fe BcnoMoraTejiBHHa ycjiOBifl, 
^jiaro^apji KOTopBiMi caHHTapno-rnrieHEnecKiff MtpH nojry^HJiH mn- 
poKoe npHMinenie h yBtn^ajiHCB hojihhm'b ycntxoMx" (cxp. 90). 
03fl;opoBjieHie AnrjiiH Be^excfl na mHpoKyio Hory. TaKi, nanpHMipx, 
„JIoH^OHCKoe ropofliCKoe ynpaBjieme copBajio ii,ijiH3 npnxo^'B B'B 
17 ;n;ecaTHH'B (Bethnal greeij) h 3acTp6HJio ero BnoJiHi rHrieHH^HHMH 
J[OMaMH" (cTp. 93). 

B'B repManin, KaKi. mh roBopHjiF, ofipameHO rjiaBHoe BHHMame 
Ha jitqenie 6ojibhbix'b, ^to BHpaacaeTca 3Ha^HTejiBHHMi pasBHTieMi 
3;i;paBHHi];'B (caHaTopifi). „K'b BecHi 1901 ro;n;a... B'B repManiH co- 
OTOajio 43 Hapoj^HBix'B canaTopifl Wfl Heo6e3ne^eHHBix'B h Majio 
o6e3iie^eHHBix'B ^axoTOHHHX'B, a 16 canaTopifi 6bijih npe;i;Ha3HageHH 
TyfiepKyjresHBiM'B 6ojibhbim'b 3a sna^HTejiBHo noHnaceHHyio, npoTHBX 
o6hhho8: HopMH, njiaiy. B'B 1901 r. ji;ojiacHH 6hjih otkphtbch eme 
19 Hapo^HBixi canaTopifi h 16 canaTopifi hm^jihcb bi npoeKxt. 
IIpHHHMaa npo^ojiacHTejiBHOCTB npeGHBania Kaac^aro naii;ieHTa B'B 
canaTopiH b'b cpe;i;HeM'B B'B 3 Micaii;a, Pannwitz onpejii'fejiaeT'B ro- 
j^OBoe ^Hcjio ^axoTO^HBixx, KOTopoe bx caMOM'B 6jih3KOM'b fiy^y- 
in.eM'B (OT^iacTH yace h TenepB) 6yffyT'B BM^iD,aTB Bci H'feMeii;Kia ca- 

6* 


84 PyOOKOB BOrATOTBO. 

Haiopin, Bt 20,000. Saipa^ennHfi noKa na 3to jijkjLO KanHTajra. 
^ocTHraeTi 40.000,000 MapoKi" (cTp. 126). TpexMica^HHg cpoKS 
npe6HBaHiH Monexi noKasaTLCH GJinniKOM^ kopotkhm'l Jijoji^awb, ho- 
anaKOMUM'L cl nojio^EenieM'B j];ijia. Ho npoAOJiJEHTejiLHHH onuTV 
noKaaajTi, ^to, Bt cpe^HeMi, TpexMica^naro npedtiBaHia bi cana- 
TopiH coBepmeHHO fl;ocTaTO^HO, ^to6h BOBCTanoBHTL Tpy;iiocaoco6* 

HOCTB CoJILEBIXt, KOTOpHe He SanyCTHJIH CBOefl 60Jlt3HH. Bt TOITB- 

TO H Bca BaacHOCTB Bonpoca o 6opB6i ct xyfiepKyjiesoMi, ^to np» 
coBpeMOHHOM^ cocTOffHiH HayKH ^axoTKa nepecTajia 6htb 6ojii3HB»' 
„HeH3Ji*^HM0K)**: Hyaena tojibko mnpoKaji h 6HCTpaa noMoni;B, a ^jra 
8Toro HyacHO, Kone^HO, ^to6h o6ni;ecTBo shjio fio^poio, aneprnqe- 
CKOK) acH3HLK), ^to6h o6in;ecTBO 6hjio npiyneHO Kt caMonoMon^n^ 
^to6h o6Hi.ecTBeHHa)i HHHn;iaTHBa ne BCTpt^iajia HHKaKHXi npenaT- 
CTBifi. Bhjio 6h asecTOKHMi 3a6jiyac;i;eHieMi Boo6pa3HTL, 6y;nT0 bv 
3Tofl o6ni;ecTBeHHofi 6opL6^ cb Ty6epK;^Jie30M'B jnofl,e& fl;o6poBOJiBH#- 
6epyni;HX'B na ce6a HHHn;iaTHBy, jiioji;efl Bcefl ;aiyniofi npe;i;aHHHX^ 
3T0My jil^Jij, MoacHO saM-feHHTB Ha3Ha^eHHHMH ^HHOBHHKaMH, o6a3aH- 
HHMH neni;HCB o 3AopoBBH o6^^ecTBa. Bt to BpeMJi, KaKi canaTopiH,, 
B03HHKniia no o6ni,ecTBeHHofl HHHi];iaTHBi&, nponiB^TaroTT,, othoch- 
TeJiBHO canaTopifi npaBHTejitcTeeHEHX^ hm^^botc^ caMua HeyT^nra- 
TejiBHHa CBi^A^Hiff. TaKt, „caHaTopifl b'l AflacHKyp'fe npHHafl;jiemHTS 
Btj^OMCTBy o6ni;ecTBeHHaro npH3p'fenia Bt HapHacfe, h 3Toro cosep- 
meHHo fl;ocTaTO^HO, ^to6e>i othatl y nea Bce ea o6ni;ecTBeHHoe h 
HapofljHoe sna^enie. BciMTt xopomo hsb'Sctho HeaasHjiiHoe nojioacenie 

HafflHXT. (aBTOpi* aTHXi CTpOKT. HapHaCCKifl ^OKTOpii) rocHHTajie&y 

no;i;Bi&fl;oMCTBeHHHX'B HacToani;efi a;i;MHHHCTpan;iH, ^to6h ne i^OBfepaTi*- 
pesyjiLTaTaMX, KaKie MoaceTt ;i;aTB aHacHKypcKaa caHaTopia, HanaB- 
maaca nocTpo8Kofl MBoro ji^tti TOMy Hasa^t, paac^HTaHHaa na- 
200 KpoBaTeS h ^aBmaa b% 1900 r. npiioTt 14 qaxoTO^EHMi** 
(cTp. 61). Bx KOHii;^ KOHii;oBT», o6% aTofi 6oraTofi, anacHKypcKofi ca- 
HaTopiH cam ;n;-pi> Plicque (Bpaq-L canaTopiH) roBopHJit: „b'l Hei: 
o^eHB MHoro 6oJi'6e hjih Menie cyni;ecTBeHHHX'B nefliOCTaTKOBt, ho 
eme 6ojiBnie nenpiaTHOCTefi ^ocTaajiaeTX coBepineHHaa nenpHro^- 
HOCTB a^n;MHHHCTpai;iH — h bco aTO Ha6jrio^aeTca nocji ccmh Jifet 

HenpepHBHOS nOCTpofiKH H npn OTHOCHTeJILHOMl H306HJliH A©H6»- 
HHXt Cpe^CTBT." (CTp. 62). 

„Hanie OTeqecTBo, — roBopHTi aBTepx, — eni;e ho ycniBmee npHM- 
KHyTB KT> coK)3Ho3 aHTHTy6epKyjie3HOH apniH, HMieTt to npeHny- 
ni;ecTBO, ^to MoaceTt HaBepcTaTB noTepaHHoe, BOcnojiL30BaBinHCB 
6oraTHM'B OHHTOMi sana^HO-eBponeScKHXt co6paTBeB'L, npuM-feHaa h 
pa3Hoo6pa3a npieMH SoptfiH cooTBtTCTBeHHO ycjiOBiaMt pyccKofi 
^tflcTBHTejiLHOCTH" (cTp. VI). Kt coacajiiHiK), aTO — ojiiHa roiaa 
B03MoacHOCTB: yna^oKi* djiarococToania, OT^acTH ^aace o$$Hii,iajiLHO 
npH3HaHHHfi, sacTOH Bi HapoAHOMT» o6pa30BaHiH H oTcyTCTBie o6ni,e- 
CTBeHHofi HHHi^iaTHBH HO Hpe^B^^ni.aioT'L Toro, ^to6h name otoho- 
CTBO inMcTBHTejiLHO HonpofioBaao „HaBepcTaTB HOTepaHHoe". 


EOBUfl EHEFH. 85 

H. 0. UeTepcoHt. Hama naii^a. KoKt aajio nHTaibca, hto6u ean. 

aXopoBum.. Ilep. c^ b^h. HsAame <nocpeAHiiKa>. M. 1901. 

Ha^aTejiB roBopHTi Haui: „BunycKaa HacToamee coMHeflie 
HerepcoHa, hu HaAteuca j^aTi. ^HTaxejifliiT. HSJioseHle Hay^Husx 
VGHOBi nHtaBifi... laKt Kaiti bi pyccKoS JiHiepaypt ne HMieica 
noflofiHHXi co^HHenifi, to BHnycKi ero b% CBtrfc RazceTca aaMi 
«BoeBpeueHHBiii'b''(cTp. 6). CoBepmeHHo HanpacHo. Haqaii. ch Toro, 
^TO Bi pyccKoB jiHTepaiypt HMtioTCfl xopomiH co^HHeHifl no bo- 
npocy o nmaHiH. IIpeEpacHoe co^HHenie Mopaiia „ochobi<i nHraHia 
^ojHiHusi", BBuneHmee bi 1900 r., flaen. ropaa^io 6oJite, lim, 
MOSHO AyMaTL no sar^iasiio, b6o „iiHTaHiio fio^i.HbiX'B'' nocBan^eHa 
jamb BTopaa (HeHLmaa) ^acTt EHara, a nepsaa (6oji)>niafl) naexi 
MOJiHui o63opt nHmeBuii h BKycoBuxi cpejCTBi, npH qoMi oep- 
BBfi oTjIiJii (nepBoS qacTH) paapaOaruBaerB „o6mis noHariH" dh- 
TaHifl, a BTopoS oxfltJii (nepBofi <iacTH) saHaTt ^cneiiiajiiHHM'B 
«iiHcaHieH'B iraineBbiz'L e BEycOBUx's cpej^cTBi". npaB^a, EHHra 
MopHiia ecTb yHBBepcHTeTCEiH JieKi^iH, ho oaa HanBcaua TaKi. yflofio- 
oOHflTBO, 1T0 coBepmeEso ;^ocTyiiHa noHBuaHito Bcaaaro odpasoBaH- 
Baro ^ejioB^Ka. TaEHut oSpasoui yrBep^jieBie Ba^aTejieS KHHra 
HeiepcoHa, Sy^xo flo chx% nopt Be 6hjio socTynaoil nyfijiHKi EHBni, 
HayiHO-TpaEiyioinefi o nBTaniH, omBOo^HO. Ciojib se obih6o?ho h 
jtpjroe Hxi yTBepJKfleaie, 6yflT0 EHBra IleTepcoHa TpaKiyeTt bo- 
■pocx „HayqHo". ABTopi noflKynHjit HB^aTeJiBCKyio $BpMy cbohm^ 
BereTapiancTBOMt b cbobmi noxoaoMi npoiBBi CtJiEOBofi naiiiH. 
^To HamH soCTaT0<iHBie EJiaccLi ynoTpefijiHioTt naniB Boo6me, a 6i]t- 
KOBOfl Bi ocoCeHHocTH. Sojtie, qiMi 9T0 HyffiHO fljia coxpBHeHia 
paBHOBiciff, — 3T0 jaBHO bc4mh rHrieHBCTaiBH npESHaHHas BCXBBa. 
Hami aBiopi $opMyjiHpyert cbo3 bsmh^i^ Tasi: „Ti4Mt Mentine 
«ijiKa co^epKHTOH Bt samea nBnti, rka-h nHma ata noaeanie wa 
sflopoBta" (cTp. 46). 8to Be cjiyqaSBO ofipoHeHHaa ((ipasa, a nBamx 
BHBOjt'B'', HaHeiaTaHELifi ;(ase acHpHUM'b nipE|iTOHi.. EaaajiocL 6a, 
■31 3Toro cji*aoBajio, 1T0 ayjib fitjiKOBi bi nami sfloposte soero. 

-OflHaEO, asTopB ce&^acx ace roBopHTi: „TaKH«i> ofipasoai hh mo- 
xeHi noEa yEasaxB Ha 22 rpaHMa 6tJiKa aa nesb at nHQ^i, EaEt 
Ha EpaSHiS MHHHMyMi. HjiTB eme flaabme axoro npeflijia mm H6 
4o^jiH 6m ce6a bi npaa^. Ho xaEi. hjib ana^e hh BcexaEB cis- 
TaeMi ceSa ofiaaaHHHaa npeaynpeaaTt scixi h Eaatflaro, iio mh- 
laTL, eyflTo eme 6ojii.inee yMeHtmeHie 9xoro KOJiB^ecTBa eajio 6h 
paBHOCBJiBHO caMoy6ificTBy, Baaqajio 6a Bnacxb Bt omaOEy" (cip. 
46). TaEHuib oSpasOM'L aaxopt CBOeio c(iopByjioE), „aa,razni. bhbo- 

"jtOMi.", soKaaaii, ^xo obi He yMiert to^ho Bupaffiaitca, a cbobhb 
XaJibatfliBBMB pas'BacHeHiflHH coBepmeHBO aanyxajii HaxaxeJia. Ei 
»TOMy ayscHo npafiaanxb, ixo h caatifl 3xorb ..aamt bubo;i,i'' ko- 
•rarayrb npn coflificTBiH raKHXi se nyTaBBuxi. cooi5paateHia h 
■poBSBOJiEHHrt yxBepameBifi. 

Aaxopi Be orpaHB^BBaexca rBriesOH) naxaHia, bo Kaeaexca a 


86 pyOCKOH BOrATOTBO. 



• 

TepaaiH. TaK'B na cTp. 153 ^HTaeMx: „Hto Kacaeica coBpeMen- 
Haro Jii^enia xpoHH^ecKHxt 6ojii&3Hete, to ynoTpe6jieHie Me^HKa- 
iieHTOBi CTajio npH aTOMi ^tJiOMi aaypfffljHfciMt. Ho ecjiH npH 
ocTpHX'L 3a6ojiiBaHiflXi TaKofi npiem HJiieTi eiii;e KaKoe-HH6yJ^B^ 
H TO jiHmb BHj^HMoe onpaBji;aHie, to npn 6ojii3HHX'B xpoHH^ecKHXt 
OHi cocTaBjraeT'B BtpHiflmee cpefl;cTB0 em;e 6ojiBffle ocjiohhhtb 
6opB6y opraHH3Ma co BToprnyBinHMca bx nero BparoMt". Kt coaca- 
jii&HiK), aBTopi ' He noKasHBaeTt, KaKHM'B o6pa30M'B 3Kejii&30 npa 
xjiopo3i HJiH pTyTB npH cH$HJiHci& „ocji03KHffK)Ti 6opL6y opra- 

HH3Ma". 

Hani'B aBTopt ne orpanH^HBaeTca ^aace o6jiacTBH) BceS Me;^H- 
ii;hhh, ho KacaeTca h „KHTaScKaro Bonpoca"!! H 3fli^CB ohatb mh 
BCTpi^aeMi cjiifeji;yK)ni;ifl „Ham'L bmbo^i": „cTeneHB pasBHTia, n^Kor^a 
fllocTHrnyTaa KnTaeMt, cooTBi^TCTBOBajia Tpe6oBaHiaMi» npHpo;a;H 
3HaiiHrB — 6HJia ecTecTBeHHaa, a noTOMy h sacToS, bt* KOTopoMi ohs 
Tenept Haxo^HTca, Tose ^jio ecTecTBGHHoe". (138; 3^*cl ohhtb Kyp- 

CHBt H 3KHpHHfi mpH^Tt, C00TB*TCTBeHH0 BaaCHOCTH BHB0;aia). IIOJIO- 

acenie EnponH, noBH^HMOMy, npoTHBoecTecTBeHHoe, h noaTOMy mh 
fl;ojiacHH HCKaTL cnacenia. „Ho Bt ^eni. ace naMt HCKaTB cnacenia? 
Mh ^ojiacHH c^iJiaTLca KHTaflBtaMH (acnpHnfi mpH^Ti) bi o6paT- 

HOM'L CMHCJit 3T0r0 CJIOBa. 9t0 He 3Ha^HTl, qT06H MH ^OJIHCHH 

6bijih OTnycTHTB KOCH^KH, HpHHflTBCH 3a KypcHie oniyMa h BOo6me 
ycBOHTB Bct He^ocTaTKH KHTafinjeBt, HO HaMX Heo6xo;i;HMO npio6p*- 
CTH Hxt Tpyji;oJiio6ie, Hxt pasyMHOOTB, yMipenHocTB h yM^&Hte ^o- 

BOJIBCTBOBaTBCff MaJIHMt** (CTp. 189). 

Ki. HameMy BeJiHKOMy c^acTiio, „b'b EBponi necoMH^HHO cyni;e- 
cTByeTi H^CKOJTBKO KHTaeBTb" (cTp. 140). HsTb Hnxi aBTopy ;i;ocTO- 
BtpHO H3BtcTH0 cyni;ecTBOBaHie jiehib o.fl;Horo: sto — „OKpyrB IIIht- 
Tay Bi CaKCOHiH". Ho onHcaniK) aBTopa (cTp. 140 — 145), :sm^ 
TaMX pa6oTaK)T'E o^ohl mhofo, ^^wrh o^enB Majio h nnojiHi CBoeio 
cy;i;B6oio ;i;obojibhh. Abtop^ B0CKJiHi3;aeTi: „Pa3Bi^ nHni;a, ;a;aroin;aff 
pa6o^eMy CHjiy npoBOji;HTB H3t» ro^a bx rofl;^ no 15 ^acoBx bi 
ji;eHB 3a TKai^KHMi cTanKOMi wh hjeoxo BeHTHJinpyeMoS KOMHaii, 
ecTB ?i;ypHaji nHni,a?" (cTp. 145). 

TaKOBH Bct pa3cy3K;n;eHiH IleTepcona; 9to h& nay^Hoe h3cji^ao- 
Banie, a 6ojiTOBHff na nay^Hyio TOMy. 


A. KHpxoHreilfii. Bi'iHan yTouIa. H3AaHie<i>. naBjieHK0BaXn6. 1902. 

Bt cyac^efliflx-B gboexb o6x odmecTBeHHHxi nopa^Kaxt h cTpoi 
o6^ecTBeHHBrx'B OTHomemfl ^ejiOB^qecKaa mhcjib Bcerjua naxo^HTca 
noA^ jiiaBJieHieM'B OKpyacaK)ni;efi ;i;*ficTBHTejiBHOCTH. H bm^ct^ cs 
T^Mt, Bcer^a, cb t^xb nopi KaKB ^cjiob^kb CTajit sa^yMHBaTBca 
Ha^-B o6ni;ecTBeHHHMH npofijieMaMH, ero mhcjih CBoficTBeHHO CTpe- 
MJienie c6pocHTB cb ce6ff btotb rneTB cymecTByioniiHXB ^aKTOBi, 
iiOiUHflTBca Ha^B Henocpe^cTBeHHHMH ycJiOBiflMH OKpyacaioniiefl o6me 


HOBUfl KHEPB. 87 

CTseHHofi cpeflH. JlK)6onHTHyH) CTpaHRqy bi aiofi b^hhoB fioptSli 
^ejioBfiiecBoft HLicjiH Ba HeaaBHCHMOCTB DpeflCTaB-ifleTi HCTopia tski 
saauBaeuux'B „yToiiiS". dtwh HMeHem—KOTopoe aajii Bt XYI b^k* 
CBoeny nponaBeaeHiio Touaci Mopi. — -npHHHTO HasuBaTB set Boofime 
HODUTKH H3o6paxeHi£ H;teajiLH'aro ofirnecTBeHHaro expos, OTptnieH- 
HUfl OTi ycjioBifi A&BBiiro u^cia h A^HHaro BpeueHH. OipimeHBHS, 
anpo^eMi, tojibko bi oichb ycJiOBHOMi CMHcai. Bi yTonisxi na 

BOHOniB KpBTH^eCEOS UUCJIH upnxoABT^ TBopiiecKafl ([laHTaBijI, HO E 

9Ta ^aBTasifl Tassce Kpinno CB^sana HenocpeACTBeHHO OKpyffiaio- 
n^eio lejiOBiiEa A^ficTBHreJEBHOCTbio, KaEi h ofiniecTBeHBaii ueicjiii — 
H flftffie CbiTb Momert eine 6ojite. IIo3TOMy coaaaTL flftBcTBHxejibHyH) 
nyioniH)" HJia „yxpOBiH)" oBa descHJiLHa, h bo bc*xi sthxi „bb4 
npocTpaHCTBeHffHxi.", „BBft BpeaeKHMxi" nocTpoeaiaxt oiesL ab- 
CTBeHHO BucrynaiorB eapyaty ^epiu jaaHaro ECTopaqecKaro mo- 
MBBTa E flaHHoft cpeflH. EcjiH TeopeTHqecKOKt mucjibid lejioiiK'L n 
MOffie"^ npeflciaBHTL ce6i, TaKi CKaaaTB, a6cTpaKTByio cxeay 6yfly- 
mfix-h OTHOfflenit, ptaKO oTJiEqaromaxcff oti cOBpeMeHHBiii, to npn 
noEOJiBeBiE aioA cxeuBi ROHKperauHH noApofieocTflUH (a BCflRaa 
yTOiiia H saflaeTca EHeaao q^Jitio BapHCOBaTL RapTHay HJieajiBflaro 
oCmecTBeHHaro cTpoa bi ero KOHBpeTHHXi tftopnaxi) TBopqeoKas 
^aHiasla OKaauaaeTca a^Jisko ae cocTOflxejiBHOH). IIoBaAHHOHy, acero 
TpyflHie BoofipasHTB ce&k ae OTJia^HUfl oti BacToaBtaxs BiiniHia 
pauKH iiejiOBt^ecEog a^^^jibbocth, a aoBaro aejioB^Ea, xasyBiaro 
Bi araxi paMKax'B. Ha btotl auesHo boaboabbiS RaueHb h aaiu- 
oaioTCfl Boero ^aBte BCflKia „yTOaiH" h „yspoaiB", — rjrySoKia a 
noBepxaocTBHa, a no3THqecKia a BJiocKia. 

He cMorpji, oflHaKO, aa Bci aia npBcyaye yionH^ecKEM-b $aB- 
Tasiaui aejocTaTKa a aecoBepmeHOTBa, npOBaBeseaifl aioro pofla 
HeBOJiLBO npBBJieKaiOT'b kt. ce6t ataBoil HHiepecb. Cm4jih8 nojierb 
lejTOBiiecKofl MucjiH yffie caMi no ce6t HMter& HSBiciaoe oSaaHie. 
A aariMi atKoropua, no spagaed Mipi, yTonia npeflCTaBJiflio'PB 
C06010 BecoMaiaBO BfirsaiomiHCa npoasBeAeaia qejiOBi^ecKaro y«a 
H ^aaxaaiE. Hobbmo aioro BenocpeflCTBeaaaro aaxepeca, — „yToniB" 
auifOTB a aeuajioe aay^aoe aaa^eBie, s&kt, acTopB^ecEifi uaTepiajii.. 
H 3T0 aaa^eaie, Shtb MoaeTb, eme ycEaHBaercfl OTMiqeaHOio Bame, 
j(0 aaBtcTHofi cTeneHH npacyB^eio BctHi yxoniaMi, axi aaaxpoaa- 
CTH^BOCTtio. 3Ta aBaxpoBBCTH^BOCTL saKJiro^aexca BMeaao e-b nepe- 
aeceBia ^epii At^aaoS ECTopaqecsoH anoxa aa BOCTpoeaia, BMftjomis 
Bi BBsy coBC^M'B BHHa BCTopaqecKia ycjioBia. Ho Rss aayqeaia 
H8 9Tax'B BoofipaxaeuHX'B, a peajtBabixi Bcropa^ecRBrb ycxoBiS, 
coBpeBeBHHXi nojioffieaiH) toS bjib aaofl yToaia, laitie aaaxpo- 
aaaubi ae cociasjiflioTi A^tfteKTa. Ecjib KasAaa yionia, bt> cyntaocTB, 
ropasAO Cojite KparaKa aacroaniaro, -<iiuT> saprflaa fiyAyniaro, — 
TO 9T0 TOJTLKo yBejiBiaBaen ea asTepect aji« BCTopaKa. 

B% CBJiy Bcero aioro aejifcaa ae npaaaaxb o^eab yAaiaoio mucil 
iipo|i. KapxearegMa ooaaaKoiiiaTB qaTaieAa b-b ckstobi cqepst ci 


88 PyCOKOB BOrATOTBO. 

XapaKTepOMl „nOJIHTHKO-9KOHO]!IH^eCKHX'L pOMaHOB^t**, — OTh IIjiaTO- 

HOBa „rocy^apcTBa" fl;o nooji'^js.EEX'h yTOOH^ecKHxt npoHSBeffemft 
HarnHXi. ;a;He3. IlepeBO^'b axofi khhskkh KnpxeHrefiMa^ esji^bmeuA 
(c% HtKOTopuMH nponycEaMH H CL npHJEOsenieM'B o^hoS rjiaBH hsi 
KHHrn KjieSfiBexTepa „rocy;i;apcTBeHHMe poManw") $HpMOH) $. IlaB- 
jieHKOBa, E jieacHTi TenepL npeA'B naMH. 

K'B coxaJi^HiH), HejibSfl ho cKa3aTb, ^xo sHnoJiHeme pa6oTu 
EEpxenredMa MHoro HHxe ea sa^amA. CaifL aBTopt cKJiOHeHi npn- 
^asaxL cBoefi KHnri 6ojifcinoe aHa^eme. Ho ero MHiniK), ona ii;iHHa 
H js^jisi yqenaro, h ji^jlsi ofiHKHOBeHnaro ^HTaiejiff. „npo$eccop% jih- 
Tepaiypw, HCTopin, pejinrm, nojiHraqecKofi aKOHOMin, KoncTHTyniioH- 
Haro npasa, $HJioco$iH h t. fl. hjih tojilko ^OKTopi $HJioco$iH, 
nocBffTHBinifl ce6a Hay^HtiMt H3CJitfl;oBaHiaMi», hjih ;i;a»e npocTO 
j[H)6HTejiL, fiyji.yT'E b% Ka^ecTsi y^eHHX^ y^OBJieTBopeHH, fijiarojiiapff 
SHfijiiorpa^HqecKHMt yKaaaHiaMt, hphbo^hmhmi bi 9tom^ co^HHe- 

HIH, HBt KOTOptlXt OHH ySH^ffTi, ^TO ClO^^pt (!), Pe36o, MOJIB H 

MHorie spyrie He Menie nsBicTHHe nncaTejiH BnojiHi Tni;aTejiLHO 
Hsy^eHH**. „Ho, — npHdaBJiffeTt aBxopi, — h ^HTaxejib, He npHHafl;jie- 
a^pamifl HH Kt o^Hofi h3X 8THXt Kaieropifi, Tanace nafi^exi ^Jia ce6ff 
Bt Hamefi KHnri sanHMaxejiBHoe ^xenie; bi axoMt co^HHeHin anxopi 
HMiex-B Bi BHji;y HHxepecti bc^x^, h nixt xaKoro ^ejiOBi^Ka, koxo- 
pHfi He Morx 6u 6lixb saKHxepecoBant x^&Mt, ^xo 3^icB roBopHxca" 
(cxp. 2). 9xy peKOMeH^a^iK) KHHrn MoacHo, 0fl;HaK0, npHHaxL xojilko 
CL 6ojiLniHAiH oroBopKaMH. JiflcxBHxejiLHO, 6H6jiiorpa$HqecKifl yKa- 
saxejiB, npHjiosceHHBifi b% KOEH^k kbhsceh, HM^exi HSB^cxHyio ii,^Hy; 
HO npexeH;i,0BaxB na „HayqHoe SHa^enie" axa KHHacKa, — ne CMOxpa 
Ha xni;axejiBHOe Hayqenie anxopoMi Ciojiipa h ji;pyrHXX paBHonj^H- 
HHxx. Hcxo^HHKOB'B (bx* HpoHBBeAeHiH y^eflaro HiMi];a ^aace KaK^B-xo 
cxpaHHO qnxaxB xaKia HanBHHa yKasania na ^nay^iHyK)" JiHxepa- 
xypy) HHKaKx. ne Moacex^. H HCxopn^ecKaa, h KpHXH^ecKaa ea ^a- 
cxE o^HHaKOBO cjia6H H noBepxHOcxHH. noBepxHOcxHO H caMoe H3- 
JioaceHie H3yqaeMux'B yxoHifl. H ecjiH anxop'B ne cobc^mx, ho npaBX*, 
roBopa, qxo hI^x-b xaKoro ^ejiOB-feKa, KOxopHfl ne Mori 6Br 6bixb 
3aHHxepecoBaH'B x^mi, nxo nsjiaraexca bx ero KHHacKi, — xo sacjiyry 
axy OH-B MeHie Bcero Moacexi npHHHCHBaxB ce6t. HanpoxHB'B, 
OHX cji.iJiaji'B Bce oxx Hero 3aBHCHMoe, too6bi yMeHBHiHXB axoxi 
HHxepecB. H xojibko acnnaa 3aBjieKaxejrBH0cxB caMoro npe;i;Mexa ero 
^nay^Hofl o6pa6oxKH" noMiniaJia cxapaniaMXi ynenaro aBxopa ^o- 
cxHrnyxB bhojih^ CBoero pesyjiBxaxa. Bx. BHji;y 9Xoro mbi Bce- 
xaKH no3BOJiaeMX» ce6t peK0MeH/i;0BaxB KHHacKy KHpxeHrefiMa BHHMa- 
hIk) ^Hxaxejia, — ne CMOxpa na bck) ea noBepxHOCXHOCXB h necHOCHHft 

f HJIHCXepCKifi XOHl. 


HOBEJJI KHHrH. 


HoBHfl KHHTH, noeTynHBmifl Bt peBamuro. 

fdBa^amiflCH b% aroirii cdmck^ kbrco nptrcujifuciTCs aeropauH d aanate^auB b: 
pe/uxjvio s-h OAHOira aKaemuisp^ r bt, kohtop^ ^ypHajia tte npodatomc« 
PaaBaifh ofipaaoHK Koaropa se DpBBBiia«Ti> sa cc^a KoiiHDcciB no npio6p^T« 


IIojHoe co6pa&ie co^HHesiB H. B. 
rotOjtM. C-b ero (>iorpa<|iiefi b npaxi- 
HBHiflHH. nox-6 pejiftKnjeB Dpo^. A. H. 
KapnBiHBROBa, C-h poc. B-b 3-n> Touax-b. 
Haxame -r-ea H. A. CtiTBBa. M. 1902. 
H- 3 p. 50 K. 

Co6paBie co^uBCBifi H. B. Foiojut. 
Oi> 6iorpa4'ieil DHCBTejui h □pHMtiaHiii- 
MB. lloni. peffi. npO$. A. E. KBpnmHH- 
KOBa. Ci pHC. Haj,aHie T-sa E. ,H. Ch- 
iBoa. M. 1902. II. 80 k. 

S. B. rotojftt. HsQpaHHUH H'fecra 


sypci j^OHiH ifb aa?aiE>Hun> HapoA- 
HBXb ;<iB;iHii[as^ ropoA» C.-IIeTep6ypra 
SO Han 1902 r. CocraBBji. BBSTopi 
OcTporopcRifi. Hsj^anie C-IIeTepfijprcKDB 
ropo^CKol Jl^xu. Ob QOpTperouit a bji- 
jiiocTpaiuflHB. CdO. 1902. 

Co^EBeai^ M. B. Foto./M. no;iHoe 
coOpsHie Bt o;(HOM'b tom%. C% 6iorpadbB^. 
o^epKON'b, cocraBjieHauM^b B. H. Akd- 

BSHKO, HOpTpCTOMTi aBTOpS U HHTepB 

ero, 4 iJ)OT0rpad[)iMMB n 180 BJLMoerpa- 
laHHH. EsAaaie ^. IlaBJieBKOBa. Co6. 
1902. U. 1 p. 25 K. 

^emesaH 6B6jiaTeKa. Hsnaaie A. C. 
CyBopHHa. Cn6. 1902. B. B. FoiOJii,. 
lloxoxf.Bma HB^BKOsa bjb MepxauH 
;iyniB, 2 TOMa. II,. 40 k. — Tapaci Bjjil- 
<!a. D,. 15 K,— noBtcTB. II,. 15 k.— Be- 
^epa sa xyropt Caesh JtHKaHbKB. 11,. 
15 K. — MBpmpojri.. II. 10 k,— PeBBaopi. 
U,. 10 E. — }KeBBTb6a H ApaxaTHiecKie 

OTpUBKB. I^. 15 K. 

Co'iflHeala ^, J7. BpnuaHenaiO- 

CrBZOTBopeHifl b npoaa. Cn6. 1902, II,, 
1 p. 50 K. 

IIoiBoe coCpasie coHnneHiH S. Fo- 
jtoovMa (ff. OpjtoecKOZo). Bt. Vi to- 
Mare. T. I B II. Cnfi. 1902. II. 1 p. 
25 K. aa toui,, 10 p. sa eci 12. 

JlnpB^ecKifl CruxoTBopCHui EavMTna 
FopaifUt 0jtanMa. IXepesoA'ifc IT. 4>. 
IIop(|>BpoBa. HaxaHie 2-e. CnG, 1902. li,. 
1 p. 25 K. 

n^cBB j)io6bb b ne^aiH ^. F«cm- 
•aysa. Cn6. 1902. !(. 1 p. 

Syio*HBm IT ,4. Oedomost a ero 
«TBxoiBopeHifl. C'b Giorpa^iefl, DopTpe> 
?ro KapruHU <CBa> 


TOBcTBO HaiopB*. Esxauie A. C. Cyeopn- 
Ha (cJ^emeBaH ^B&iioreKai). Cn6, I^. 
15 X. 

A. F^cjutsjie&i. Mejida cth±otbo- 
peaifl:. .BBjtm.H.. Bhb. 1. M. 190*2. H. 

AutnoH'^ ''lexosh. BsjiaHis A. •f>. 
MapKca. Cni}. 1902. Tpn cecipu. J^awa 
BT, 4-xi> ftiBcTBiaxs. H. 60 K.—Hflna 
BaHfl, Ci;eBa saii s^peBeBCKoil amsHH. 
Bi. 4-xi AtRcTBiBxi II 50 k, — CeaatSa. 
K)6ujelt. Tpa cecTpu. Ilhecu. U,, 75 k. 

.ff. TewepoMO, PassoAii. ApaHa s'b 
4-i'E> A'tScTBlflxii. (Hail espeBcEafl HinS' 
hh). Kierb. 1902. IE, 1 p, 

M. ropMiiv. JW»bMiawe. CijeHij at 
aoH'tEesc^HesOBa. Jl,paHaTBqecRifi ac!iB3i> 
Bt 4Tsrb aKTaiii. Ha^nieT-Ba 'SBaaiei. 
Cn<5, 1902; U, 60 k. 

BacuMH MeMupomtn-b-J^auuen- 
MO, Ctsxh. Haxaaie 2-e, Ca6. 1902. II,. 
2 p. 

Bac. HeMttpoauHZ-J^anteHMO. 
06;ieT'bBii]ie ibctui. EsAaHie II. n. CoB- 
BBBa. Ca6. II,. 1 p. 50 k. 

Bac. BeMupoeuH'b-^anHeHHO. 
^Ba AHeBHBKa. PoidaH£Bi3-ii>?aciHiii. 
BaAanie n. II, CoflKBHa. U,. 1 p 60 k, 

JCeoMudh Awdpeeei. PaaMcaaw. T, I. 
Es^aHie 2-o T-sa <3BaBie>. Cd6. 1902. 
^■ 1 P- 

E. HpyMeaMCMiu . PascKaau. T. 1. 
Cn6. 1902. U. 1 p. 50 k. 

A. Bep6uiiKaH, Cbu sb3bb. Easa- 
Hie 3-e. Unfi. 1902. II. 1 p. 

MapHZ EacauuH». SanacKB bhb- 
rpBHTa n't lOiKBOti AHepRR-t. Esn^i^'e 
A, C. CyBOpBfla. Cn6. 1902. U- 1 p. 

Bae. Me. MeMupominti - Jfan- 
ueHHO. KpaB Mapia npeiBfiToB. (Oiep- 
KB AHjiaayainJ. Ci 600 pnc. BaaaHie 
A. C. CyBopBBa. Cno. 1902. 

H«. ByHwHU. PaaoKaau. T. I, Haaa- 
Hie T-Ba «3BaBie». Cb6. 1902. II,. 1 p. 

K. A. Boeajt'bCHi'S . Be^epaia b^cbb. 
PaacKass o^epitu, Ha6pocKB. M. 1902. 
IX. J p. 

F. A. MaumemTi. Uocninaie paa- 
CKaau R nBCi>Ha Bat PoBojyjy. Hsjutaie 
BH. Bar. <TpyKi... HIbtouhpi.. 1902. II,. 
40 K. 


90 


PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 


PascRasbi A. H. E^duuneea., Gno. 
1902. Ii;. 60 K. 

JE. TuQcauoea. PascRasu a noB^^cxb. 
Cno. 1902. U. 1 p. 

C JP. MuH%i,A>oeik. Kjia;n». XIob^cti*. 
2-e H3AaHie II,. Kpafi3i>. Cn6. 1902. II,. 
60 K. * 

J. Mo^hltUHO. liOJUUI H OBI^U. Po- 

MaHT> wb 3-xi> HacTflxi>. Gn6. 1902. II,. 
1 p. 50 K. 

fl^anme A^uziepu. BoHcecTBeHHan 
KOMe^i^iii. I. A;!,!*. IlepeBeji'B cb ht&ji. 

pasMtpoifB nOAAHHBHRa ^MBTpiS MnHli. 

Oh npnjio;KeHieM'B KOMHeHxapifl, nop- 
Tpexa M flfijx.'h pac. Il3;i,aHie A. C. Cy- 
BopHfia. Cn6. 1902. II,. 8 p. 

•l^aycTb. TpareAW Feme, Hacxb I. 
nepeBo;i;i> A. MaMOHTOBa. M. 1902. 11,. 
80 K. 

Apmyp^ mnunitiAeph. ^&cu auis- 
HH. Herupe o;i;HoaKTHUx% nLecbi. Ilepe- 
BOAi> c\b wku. H HS^^aHie 0. H. Ilono- 
BOfl. Cn6. 1902. H,. 3 p. 

3f. MemepAuwrn. Cji-fenHe. Ilepe- 
BOfl.'b H npe;^icj[OBie H. M. MaHCKaro. 
Cn6. 1902. II,. 20 K. 

Ona. PoMaHTbPiawdcpa Xamapda. 
nepcBOAi* CTb anrj. Haxanie A. C. CyBO- 
pHHa. Cno. 1902. II,. 60 k. 

IIIUA>JiepZ.P,B& IlHKKOJIOMnHH. CliepTB 

BajuieHmrefiHa. IloKpiiTui^ baojh* Brb 
GaHci^. IlepeBO^i^'b II. A. KajiCHOBa, ch 
npnjiomeHieM'B ero cxaTLn «y«ieHie UIkiji- 
xepa KpacoTi^ n DCTCTnqecROH'B Ha- 
cjia»i;i;eHiH» n npeAncjiOBieifB II. H. Mo- 
jiioROBa. IlecMepTHoe BdA^Hie. M. 1902. 
II,. 1 p. 75 K. 

XT. A. Ra^eHOS'h. B^jiji^o,, noana. 
4>njioco<|)CRiH cTaTbH. IIocMepTHoe ns^a- 
sie. CTb noprpeTOM-B n 6iorpa<j>iefi. M. 
1902. II,. 1 p. 60 K. 

Mopu^h Memep^uHWb. ^hshl 
nneJiTb. nepeB0,n'i> ci» (|>paHi;. no^^-B pe;!i;* 
H. K. HeBsopoBa. HsAame T-Ba «06in,e- 
CTBCHHaii nojiBsa*. Gn6. II,. 1 p. 25 r. 

U, Tannepu. IlepBue mara ^peBHe- 
rpenecKofi HayKH. IlepeBo;;* H. H. IIo- 
JLUHOBOH, G. H. IlepeTejiH, npo4>.-B'B 9 JI. 
Pa^^jiOBa B r, 4>. II,epeTej[B cb npe;i,H- 
cjiOBieM'B npo^. A. H. BBexencRaro. Gn6. 
1902. II,. 2 p. 

IIjaHTb HCB3HH. XapaKTep'B n noBe^e- 
me. JSuji'bHMa JLchku. IlepeBOj^'B cb 
anrji. JI. JIaKiepa. n3;^aHie 4>. IlaBjieH- 
KOBa. Cn6. 1902. II,. 1 p. 25 r. 

T. ^lunncz. Ochobu jiornRB. Ilepe- 
Bo^B CB H^M. H. 0. JIoccRaro. H3;i;aHie 
0. H. nonoBofl. Gno. 1902. Ii;. 1 p. 

HoBLie napa;i,ORCH Mauca Mopdap. 
nepesejia 9. 4> Sayep-B. Hs^i^anie <i>. IlaB- 
jiCHROBa. Cn6. 1902. H,. 75 r. 

G^opHBRB craTeu b'b noMoiii,i> caiio- 
o6pa30BaHi]o no siaTeMaTBR^, ^^iisbr^ b 


aCTpOHOMin, COCXaBJieHHLIXX RpyHCKOMX 

npeao^^asaTejieB. Btin. IV. C-b 5 nop- 
TpexaMB H 73 HepTe>KaMH. 2-e BSAaHie. 
M. 1901. II,. 1 p. 26 R. 

B, B. Bumuep'h. Ha py6eac'fe cro- 
jii^Tifi. ToMi* nepBufi. I. ncnoBi^Ai> seMJiH. 
O^epR-B ycn-fexoBi reojioriB n najneoBTO- 
jioriB.' II. Gt^^afl ^peBHOCTt nejtoB'feKa. 
O^epR'B ycn^xoBB apxeoaoriH. Ob 24 
RapTEHauB H Ta6jiBi;aHB, 2 xpoicojoiTO- 
rpa4)iflMfl B 453 pBC. Ha^aHie II. H. 
GofiRBHa. Cn6. 1902. — 

IIpo^). R- A. OTuMupnae&b. CtojA-f- 
Hie BTorB 4>B3ioxorifl pacTemJI. M. 1901. 
II,. 20 R. 

Ha^ajiBHuS yHe6HflR'B soojiofIb ^jla 
cpe^EBXTb yqe6H£ix'B zaBefl^emfi. CocTa- 
BBJi-B B. H. JIheoe'h. H. I. IIosbohoh- 
H£ifl. Ci) 222 pBc. HsAame M. b G. Ga- 
daniHBROBiiix'B. M. 1902. 11^. 1 p. 

B. JIpWHeeuHTi. Haynno-nonyjuipHaji 
6H6jrioTeRa flfia napo^a. HsAanie «l>. Ilae- 
jieHROBa. Gn6. 1902. J^ 1. 3eMJiB. G-b 27 
pnc. 2-e BB^anie. II,. 14 k. — >& 2. Heoo 
B 3Bi3ji,hi. Oh 34 pBC. 2-c fls^^asie. U^. 
14 R. — }Kh3hb bb Kanjiife bo;i;bi. Oh 14 
pHC. 2-e B3;iiaHie. II,. 8 k. — jS6 3. FpoM-B 
fl mojihIh. Gb 24 pBC. 2-e B3;i,aHie. II,. 
13 K.— Jfe 5. HeBB,n;BMHe ApystH BsparB 
jiiD^^eft. G-B 28 pBC. 2-e BS^anie. II,. 16 r. — 

>6 11. KaK-B B^^eiTB »B3HB BB HGJIOB'fe'ie- 

CROM-B Thjrk? C-B 33 pBC. 2-e Bd^ame. 
II,. 16 K.— J>6 80. SaROH-B »b3bb cpe;i;H 
HtBB0THfcIXT> B pacTCHift. Ob 50 pHC. 2-e 
BSAaaie. II,. 24 k.— J^ 32. IIo;^3eMHoe 
^apcTB0. G-B 84 PBC. II,. 32 r.— J^ 83. 
HcTopia seMjiB. Ci 62 pBC. 11^. 28 k. — 
J^ 34. KaMeHHHH yroja>. G-b 39 pnc. Ii;. 
20 R. 

M. M. SEeauoe'b. O^epKB coBpcMen- 
HoS BTajiBHHCROJI jiBTepaTypH. HsAaHie 
A. G. GyaopHHa. Gn6. 1902. JI. 1 p. 50 k. 

Jlee-B TojiCToft b-b RpaTB^ecRofi on.^HRi^ 
MepeacROBCRaro. A. JPo9iedecnia'uua, 
KaaaHB. 1902. II,. 20 r. 

A. JPoMedecmeuwh. JKb3hb b nodaiA 
HBKBTBHa. KaaaHB. 1902. II,. 35 k. 

MuQcau^^ Mocua^'b. OnpaB^^anie 
3Jia. TlaeocB M. PopBKaro. M. 1902. H. 
30 R. 

H, CO0UCim. IIpoeRTB MipB f,MM 

6ojite Toiaaro onpe^ntaenifl cTenenv 
y6t)K;i,eHH0CTB coBpeMeHHBix'B HHcaxe- 
jiefi. Gn6. 1902. Ii;. 50 r. 

r. Manepeti^. Hcxob-b. Ohbitb. M. 
1902. U. 50 K. 

B). Bumoefnh. PyROBOj^cTBo k^b 
6B6jdorpa^BHecKOMy onHcamio RHHrB. Ha- 
j^anie MarasBHa ;H;peBH0CTefi b ptj^Rocreft 
M. H. napa^tJioBa. M. 1902. II,. 2 p. 

H. B. MyuiReroB-B, Ero wbbhb b ;^t«- 

TOJIBHOCTB. G-B nOpTpOTOMB B BJUlIOCTpa- 

I^BMII BB TeKCT-fe. GocxaBBji'B JE, Jff. jTa— 


ri tfTTrvYni 


BoHcKi.. Cd6. 1902. II,. 20 k. 

naHflTfl M. n. ApycrauoBa. Acrpa- 
xaBb. 1P02. 

nocatxaie s^fl kbshb H. B. Poroju. 
3aiiHCKii ero cospeiieHHHEa ;[-pa ^. TVt- 
paeennooa. 2-e H3;i,aHie- M, 1902. U,. 
30 k. 

CMepTL Foroia. M. 1902. 

B. Ttoto. ManeBbRift Hanoieoat. 
nepeBOai r. M. MapMoprnxeBBt, HsRa- 
ale C. ,7^opOBftTOBCKaro h A. lapymHii- 
KOBa. M. 1902. II. 50 k. 

E. SyAtaHoea. Van, sEiraBB cpc«- 
Hes^oBoro peuccieHHaBEt. Ci 23 poc. 
Hs^aHie C, JlopcsaTOBCE&ro h A. ?a- 
pyniHBKOBa. M. 1902. 11,. 60 k. 

Cennu JIuTOBCKO-pyccRaro rocyAflp- 
CTBB Bli JIkjCjIHHCKoH JHIH 1569 r. flT. 4. 

MaHCUMeHHO. XaptKoni. 1902. 
^yzoBHtJs a ^oroBopBUH rpauoTU 

CKOBCKim KHsaeU, KSSt BCTapBKO-I 

rpa^uiecKifi bcto^bqki. II. HacjitjioBa- 
me B. H. JJ^eSo^bctiazo. Gb6. 1902. 

A, M. EoOpuufeen - IlyiuTiwwi. 

Cjfll. H paCKOJlLBUKU-OOKTaBTU. 

1902. U. 1 p. 35 K. 

PjKOBORCTBO ;(ia DoctTHrejeft 
pern. J(oHHu EoHcendoMn ApenaJi-h. 
IlepeBOAi- ct ^pBHttyscEBTO nepeBOAa. 
(H3i> iTiopeuHai'o BicTHQBa*), CnG. 
1901. 

VsaKOHeBie b ycuHOBjeaie A^Tei. 3a- 
towb 12 uapra 1901 r. " 

Te;iI>HUIlIt1 HOTBBaHB, paa'&HCHedLHHH 

HSTa b oQpaBiUHH Ciyiiar^. Coctbi 
S. MaptnttiHoen. HsAasii^ i-e. Ca6. 
1902. U, 50 K. 

3f. Bunaeepz. O^epnK ofirEi axea- 
KftTypt. Cn6. 1902, 

^eBcKoe ABHKeBJe bi> Poccifl b aarpa- 
BBnefi. Cn6. 1902. U. 1 p. 25 k. 

JfteaiUDHU H nita. HCeHiiiHau-Bpa<ia 
M. H. HonpoacMoH. Cn(t. 1902. II. 
80 K. 

SamcKH cezbcKOG miiodt A^en- 
candpa MoeuKoea. Cb6. 1902. U,, 
1 p. 

M. CMUpHOVZ. Il'^tsa H TpJAOBBH 
CTDBMOCTb. (STIOA'b 00 Teopifl I^iBBOCTB). 

Cn6. 1902. II,. 60 b. 

Ho Bonpocy o KopHHpoBut paiio^aro 
BpeHSBB npBifitRHTe;n>HO urt, ocodeaBo 
Bpe;o^ijHi DpoB3BOAcxBaH-b. JI. B. Bep- 
■meneoHa. (Orrncitb BB^raaexM «Pyc- 
CKifl BpaTt.). Ca6. 1902. 

B. T. BUAe'H^'h. Sa^a^B b ss^ksixttsb- 
HOCTb iieHTpa.ni>Baro 6iopo yrpfiWiffiviii 
cOAtftcTBia Tpy;^y b* PepuasiB. M. 1902. 

n,. 10 K. 


BOBUfl KHSm. 91 

M. SpoAh. Pojb meJ[^Biixi< AO' 
pon H BOABUxi oyTefi coo6iueBif B^b 
rpysoBOM^ TpaacBoprb BojuKCKaro Kpan. 
CnS. 1902. H,, 7o b. 

IT. Sadepa.tiKi'it. Hamo ne 
(Hat atypHaaa cHtea. JOp. JliJO.). 6n6. 
1901. 

HcnoaKiiuiHa d upecrbflBCKie aapa- 
SoTKD. A. H. MeutepCMazo. Ga6. 
1902. U. 60 K. 

Ofimee o^osptsje flKyrcKoB ofijaciH. 
1892—1902 IT. Haftaaie flKyiCKaro o6- 


flKyrcKt, 1902. 

CftntcKift Tpy?,». HsAaaio IleTepfiypr- 
CKftTO coSpaniB cejibCKBTb xosneBii. "^ ' 
1902. J* 1. A. Jltanwh. Kneeepi. 
Bo^ieeBKa, Ob 6 pac. 11. 5 k.— K 2. .Ha. 
17ono«a. Budop'b kojo^hoH RopOBH, 
KopuiSBie B yjtoflT. aa aesi. Ci 4 pac. 
H. 4 K.— J6 3. A. aneecuiS. PpnGHHa 
Goj^HH xa.'h6owb, KapTodiejB, BaaycTU 
H flfijIOHH. Ci 6 pBC. 11 8 B.— }6 4. 
C J^peMtiooK' BeeifM o BpeiHUTK 
BaciRouuzi. Ob 8 pBC. II,. 8 k. 

M. 4. ^epwoei. ycrpoftCTBo yjta 
/taAaua. Ob 4 Ta6;iaiiai(B pHC.B'B itpacKan> 
H 27 pBc. «b TCKCT^. Ba^aBie 2-e. Cnd. 
1902. U. 35 K. 

d^hne. OdHioABSH peneoTypa. 6'fl 
cepia. HaAasie A. C. CyeopBaa. Cn(t. 
1902. n,. 1 p. 50 B. 

.H^ £epe3UM«. CnS. 1901. IIpBUto- 
^eBie Bi ayoTHat. II,. 40 k. — &b sor- 
Tssi. xiuB^a. U,. 50 K. — Tpa m^oeiiia 
cptyjB aiosotAOB^. H 60 k. 

PaacKHau o aBtpaxi. Ob 24 pac. Ile- 
pcBOjTi ci aBr*. 0. H. ByreaeBoi. Ba- 
Raaie H. EepesBna. Cn6. 1902. U,. 1 p. 

OneTt rooyAapcTBeBBaro ABopna- 
CKuro aeMeitaaro Camta aa 1900 roA*. 
On6. 1901. 

Or^eTb KpecnnHCKaro noBeHe^tBaro 
fiaHBa aa 1900 roA-b. Cn6. 1901. 

Onert ocofiaro oTAija rocyAapoTBCH- 
aaro AaopiiacKaro aeaejibBaro SOBEa sa 
1900 roAT.. Cn6. 1901. 

Otistti rocyAapcTBeaaaro ABopaacBaro 
aeiiejbBaro Caana no jiaKBBAaAia capa- 
TOBCKOMnutOBpcKaro aeaejibBaro €»HBa 
aa 1900 rOA*. Cn6. 1901. 


Paris. 1902. 

J^OrOBOpBli Ba IipaBHTe.aI>CTBDTO H 

A^Jiata aa aapoAaaTa naprBH. IIbcho 
on ifeHrpajiBaK luiyd aa aapo;i;BBTa 
napTBB AO naCapaTejiBTt. Co&na. 1902, 
II. 30 CT. 


92 P70CX0B BOrATCTBO. 


Hama leKymaa acHSHL. 

(«Mip'i> 6o3Kifi», «6i^cTHHK'B EBpon£i» H «PyccKafl Mi2CJQ>» sa HHBapb, ^espaju* 

B MapTB). 


^Ha noBopoT-fe" — TaKOBO aarjiaBie hoboS nostcTH r. BepecaeBa, 
Hane^aTaHHoS bx TpexTb nepBHxi KHHacKaxrt — „Mipa Boasia" 3a xe- 
Kynufi roj^t. IIoBicTB 9Ta o6jia;i;aeTi cxpanHHM'B cBoScxBOMt: ^iui» 
fl;ajibme ^HxaeniL ee, xtMTb ct SojiLrnHMt neji.oyMiHieM'B cnpanm- 
Baemb ce6ff, Kt ^eny ace co6cxBeHHO oxHOCHxca sarjiaBie. To, qxo 
6hjio, Hanp., naneHaxano bt, AHBapcKofl h ^eBpa^iBCKofi KHHSKaxx, 
roBopHJio, noBHAHMOMy, „noBopoxi" bx HacxpoemH h Hfl;eaxi co- 
BpeMeHHoS HHxejijiHreHXHofl MOJioji;e3KH. OKOH^anie ace noBtcxH sa- 
cxaBjiiiext ^ynaxt, ^xo BecB „noBopoxTb" Kacaexc)i jiHinL jiH^Haro 
KpH3Hca o^Horo HBt repoeBi, x. e. cboahxcs ki xoMy, ^ixo $paH- 
i;y3H, CMiacb Ha;^^ cbohmh poManxHEaMH, Ha3BajiH „6ypefl noji,x cbo- 
ji,aMH iiepena". H HeBOJibHO 3a;i;aemBCff BonpocoMt, ;i;ijiaa MHCjien- 
HHH o63op^ Bcefi noBicxH, ;n;ocxaxoHHo-JiH caMt aBxopt BHffCHHjn 
fliJia ce6ff, B^ iieM'b ;i;ojiacHa Jieacaxb ocHOBHaa ej^gsl ero npoH3Be;i;eHia. 
9xa pasABoeHHocxb $a6yjiH h Boodniie KaKaa-xo BS'beponieHHocxb 
co;i;epa:aHia oxHHMaex^ neMajio HHxepeca h y xofi cxopoHH noB-fecxH, 
Koxopaa Morjia 6h B036yac3;axb jiK)6onfcixcxBO ^Hxaxejia npocxo KaKt 
HCXopH^ecKifi fliOKyMenxi, KaKt oxpaacenie HOBUxt B^smiS. Bt pyc- 
CKOM^ MapKCH3Mi, nepcjiOMa bi MipoB033p'feHiH ero nocjii^oBaxejieS 
H 0opl6h pa3JiHqHHX'L HanpaBjieHiS cpe^^H naniHXi „y^eHHKOBx". 

Mh^ 6h xoxiJiocB BTb caMOMT^ Ha^ajii nocxaBHXB aBxopy JiHinb 
cjit;i;yioiij.iH Bonpocb: pasi ont saj^yMajiTb cepbe3HyK) Bein;b, a He 
rop6yHOBCKifl pa3CKa3X., ^xo axo eMy npninjio btb rojiOBy c^iiijiaxB Bt 
cxopony „PyccKaro BoraxcxBa" neoacH^aHEHfl nojieMH^ecKifl BHna;?!;^, 
KOxopHfl npoH3Bo;i;Hxi, caMoe KypBe3Hoe Bne^axjiinie h BBi3HBaexTb y 
jiK)6oro Henpe;i;y6tacji;eHHaro qnxaxejia onenb npocxofi h ho^xh hh- 
cxHHKXHBHHH, HO juiflcxBHxejiBHHfi pHHocxx. Bi caMOM^ ^i^jii, pHcya: 
jiH6epajiBHaro 3eMii;a h ero sanjiHBniyH) acnpoM'B ;i;oBOJiBCXBa cy- 
npyry, r. BepecaeBt b^ iHCiEfi oco6ux.% npHM^xTb axofl ^exBi oxiii- 
^aexx> qxenie „PyccKaro BoraxcxBa", h npn xomi ixenie, npon.ecc'B 
Koxoparo coBepmaexca corjiacHO H^KoeMy, H3o6paacaeMOMy aBxopoM'K 
Bt KOMH^ecKOMt cB^x^fe, pHxyaJiyi acena ^Hxaex-B, a MyacB „cjiyinaext 
H pHcyex^ jionia^HHHa tojiobkh", ^ixo, no cjiOBawLi ^xhi^h, „o^eHB 
noMoraexi, cjiymaxb h cocpe^iiOxo^HBaxBca" (HHBapB, cxp. 45). 

Ho, b4;i;b, HixTb HH^ero jierqe, KaKi Bt pendant axofi ^erb 
H3o6pa3HXB flj^jTjJo Hoxy, Koxopaa 6y;ai;exi BOcxopraxBca ^TemeM'B 
„Mipa Boacia", a npoacHaxB cboh mosfh pHCOBanieMt box^ xoxb 


6a... K BBJiHKOflyinHO iipe;i;ocTaBJiflio r. BepecaeBj npaso npnat- 
pHTt fljifl CBonxi KJiieHTOBi H noAXOSHmyro rojiOBsy... 

CoflepacaHie noBtcTH uoxho npeflCTaBHTs bi HeBHorHSi cio- 
jBEtxt. HficKOJibKo MOJiOABix'L sBjessETeEtsuTh JiK>;i;eS o6oero noJia 
BCTptiaroTca na KanHKyjiaxi bi npOBHSi^in, tsfltart flpyrt ki spyry 
Bi rocTH, KynaioTCfl, ryaaiorL h Bt npoROJiweHie fiojibmefl ^acTH 
noBtcTH npoBOKHTi BpeMH Bt ^aenHTiaxT. h pasroBopaxi. A bb 
HOHiiy, cjioBHO coofipaSHBOiH, ?T0 HejiL3a ate repoaai SeJUieTpacTH- 
qecKaro ^poH3BeJ^eHia tojilko roBopBiL, a Hajo e stficTBOBaib, 
BflpyTB iipEHHHaioTCR 3S. RftflcTBifl, BO, BipoaxHO, DO nocaSmsocTH 
coBepmaiorB Jiiimb paa* cTpaHHHXi nocTyHKOBt: oann fitroii oTeKJia 
H KaxaioTCfl B% HCTcpHtrecKOMi npEnasKt; apyrie yHanueHso sapa- 
KaioTCJi JiomaflEHUMi canoMi; TpeTtE Jiisyn Bt neTJiio, ho bo 
BpeHH BUCESKHBaKirB H31 HBH H HflyrB „B1 TeMHoiy, He 3Hafl Kyfla", 
a asTopi fijraronojiyqHO cTaBHrt xoiKy— h aaHaBiict najaeri. Bt> 
CBflBH CT. TaKoH apxETeKTjpofi EOBicTB, KOTopafl wh DepBofl noao- 
bhh4 BOCTpoeHa rjiaBHum oSpasoui Ha paacyffiaeuiBX'b, a bo bto- 

pofi Ha SHK0BHHBHX1. npHKJlI016Hii(Xl, H 6OJII.EIHHCTBO S^ScTByiO- 

upxi JiHi[i CJIOBHO noajio«aHO h cjioKeHO h31. SByxi pasJiaqnuxt 
KycKOBi: naqa,TLnaro xapaKiepa, 6oji4e hjih jieBie BHaHBHflyajiH3H- 
poBaHHaro jm Kaac;taro pa3cyat;i;aKimaro repos; fl xapaEiepa okoh- 
laTCJibHaro, pacnjiuBaiomarocff Bt oj^br-l o6m^ Tflnt HenopMajib- 
aaro qejtOBiKa, KOTopafl BUKHflUBaeT'B yftHBETejibHua KOJitnita. 

TaKi, rjiasHtift repofi nofltcTH, ToKapeBi, bi sa^ajit pacyeTca 
ecjiH H nepescHBmHM'B BpyineHie nepBusi Hanfiojite npfluoJiHHefi- 
Huxt HfleajioBi MOJioaocTH, TO Bce me wh o6me»'B lejioDtKoai paa- 
cyaHTejiBHHin, k ypaBBOBtnieHHHHi. A bi kobu,*, nocjii ciiepiH 
^ejiLsmepHiiH HsBopoBOfi, ero CTapHHHofi npHBflsanHOCTH, toii ffie 
caMHg ToKapeBi 6peflnTi bi pasroBopt yffie Kpafine TysiaflHUUH 
Hecoo6pa3HOCTHiiH Ha nCTpainHHa" ncHXOJiorHqecKia xeMU h iiyTt- 
^yTb He BiraaeTca na meJiKOBOiit noaci. To^ho xaiuKe caaa Bap- 
Bapa BacKjibeBHa HssopoBa npeflcxaBJieHa at nepBOfl noJiOBHHt ne 
ocoSeHHo H36ajioBaHHoio JtHHBHui cqaciieMt, ho atHBOK) H fliflxejib- 
HOio fltByniKoio, Koxopaa npoflBJiaext MHoro SHeprin, eaxooxBep- 
Keaia, npoc(ieccioHajibHaro fieacipamia sa cKpouHOMt nonpHnti, 
oTweffieBaHHOMi efi cyatSofi. Bt liHHajibHux'B me rjiaBaxi Bapnapa 
BacHjibeBHa Bflpyrt npHHHHaexCfl 3a cxpaHHHe neccHMiicxHqecitie 
paaroBopu ci ToKapesHMi, ci. KOiopuMib eft BHOBi ne yjajic» 
BTOpHiHO HaqBHaBmificfl poManx., — He yaaJica, aHuoxofiOMX. 6yj;i> 
CKasaHO, He h3b4cxho HoqeMj, h6o ci oSiHxi. cxopoHi toxobhoctl • 
6ujia HojiaaJi, — h pimaeii bokoh^xl ct, cofiofi, Hapo^no aapasHBt 
cefiji oxt fioJiBHOro canoMi. Tenepb npHXOjpxca yace HBa^e hctoji- 
KOBLiBaTb aaflHHMx. iHCJioMi HtBOTopua ^epxH ea xapaKxepa. H. 
Hanp. ea npocTyro h cKpOMHyio roxoBHOcxb ffiepxBOBaxi. acHSHiio upa 
BCHoiTHeHiH oSaaaHHocxeS c(iejibflinepHHH (cn,eBa c* MyacHEOMi, cxpa- 
jtaron^HMX BosoSoasHiio) qHiaxeib BHHyatfleH'L lenept oxHecxH na 


94 PyCOKOB BOrATCTBO. 

c^exTb eii 6ojii&3HeHHoft cmohhocth ki caMoy6iflcTBy, teki w£0 otl 
niifejiLHaro Tnna noiiaTaro wHSHiio, ho xop6niaro HopnajiLHaro ^lejio- 
BiKa He ocTaeica nnqero. nOjUofiHyio ace onepaipio paapymeHiji 
TOJiBKO-^TO Ha^aBmaro BHpHCOBHBaTLoi THna r. BepecaeBt npojn*- 
jTHBaeit H Ha^t 6paT0MX BapsapH BacHJiBeBHH, Cepr^eMx, koto- 
pHfi BHa^ajii npHBJieKaeTrB ^HTaiejia CTpaciHOCTBio CBoeft naxypH 
H npaMOJiHHeflHOCTBK) CBOHxt BSPjiff^OBt H OTh KOToparo «;i;eniB h 

COOTBtoCTByiOmaXl nOCXynKOBl, ho KOTOpHfl BT» KOHIlii KOHIi;OB'B 

3aHHMaeTCff jiehib t^mi, ^to BHcaacHBaeT'B paMH bi> poAHTejiBCSOMi 
;i;0M% H BUBBTBaeT'B nepenojioxi* bi ceMLi^ ho^hhmh HCTepsEaMH. 

Cjiobomi, Kor^a r. BepecaeBt BacTaBJiaeTt npncTynaTL cbohx'e 
repoeBt kt* fl;iScTBiH), OHt pacnpaBjiaeTca ex hhmh, He KaKi aBTopt- 
OTei^x, a KaKt H[po;i;T», fiesacajrocTHO H36HBaK)mig ^yacnxt MJia^aieH- 
nieBt, HJiH, BHpaacaflCB Menie B03BBimeHH0, KaKx ropme^HHKi, ko- 
TopoMy He HOHpaBHjracB c;i;ijiaHHaa ero ace pyKofi nocy;i;a h koto- 
ptifi ;i,po6HT'B ee bx ^epemcH. 3thmh ocKOJiKaMH xapaKxepoBX, ro- 
JL0B%, pyKX H Horx repoeBx ycfejiH'L secB $HHaj[x „Ha noBopoTt"; 
H TaKoS yqacTH H36iraK)T'B oxqacTH jtheil t^ $HrypH, KOToptia 
aBTopi yfipajix h3x saKJio^HTejiBHHX'B rjiaBx hjih ocTaBEJit na 
3aji;HeMX njianfi, noji;ajiLnie otb CBoeS pyKH-BJiaji;HKH. Kt 3toS Kaxe- 
ropiH MoacHO OTHecTH TaHK) ToKapeny, KHnan^yio b% npoTHBono- 
jioacHOCTB cBoeMy Spaxy nexepnHMOcxBK) h ^aHaxHSMoatt mojiojuocxh; 
cxy?i;eHxa „MHxpHqa", 3;i;opoBeHHaro 6ypcaEa ex KpinKHMH HepBaMH 
H aanacoMX H^efinoS sjiocxh; h eni;e * nicKOJiLKO BxopocxeneHHBixx 

HxaKX, ^juificxBiK)", KaKx BH^nxe, He noc^acxjiHBHjiocB bx no- 
BtcxH r. BepecaeBa. Hepefi^eMX ace kx pasroBopaMX, npe^cxaBJiaio- 
ni.HMX 6ojii^e HnxepecHyro cxopony ea. Ho h xyxx Ha^o oxjin^iaxL 
ji,Bi Kaxeropin pasroBoposx: pa3roBopH, bx Koxoptixx jik);e[;h, Kor^a- 
xo BipoBaBfflie bx o6mecxBeHHHe Hfl;eajiH, a bue^ paso^apoBaBmieca 
bx hhxx, cxaparoxca onpaB^axB CBoe xenepeniHee cxpeMJienie acHxt 
JIH^HOK) acH3HiH) H ox;i;4jiaxBCff oxx Hey;iio6oHOCHMHXX ;n;jia hxx cjia- 
6hxx Hjie^x 6peMeHx mnpoKofi ji,iHxejiLHocxH; h pasroBopLi, bx ko- 
xopHxx oxpaffiaexca coBpeMeHHoe fipoacenie ynoBx cpejiiH MapKCHCx- 
cKoa MOJioflieacH h BHpa6oxKa 6ojiie acHsneHHaro h aKXHBnaro nipo- 
B033p'feHia nyxoMX cxojiKHOBeHifi Meacji;y jiio^lmh, eme He^BHO 3a- 
rHnHOXH3HpoBaHHBiMH e;iiHHOcnacaK)ni;efl $opMyjiofi. Fpi^mHHfi ^ejio- 
.B-feKX, HO a yMi^peHHO HHxepecyiocB jih^hoS ncHxojioriefl, xoxa 6u 
ToKapeBa, cxoani;aro „Ha noBopoxi", x^mx na^e, ^rro pa3cyac;i;eHifl 

3XHXX nOBOpOX^HKOBX MH BJIiOCXaJIB HaCJiyfflaJIHCB BX aCH3HH H Ha- 

qHxajiHCL BX poManaxx „jiHfflHHXx jiioj^efi", h Honaro bx hhxx Majio, 
KaKHMx 6h 6ejijiexpHcxHHecKHMX raaanxHpoMx ohh hh npiyKpama- 
jihcb. Cxapaa axo Hcxopia, cxojib cxapaa, ^xo, HanpHMtpx, bx 
HHacecjrijfliyiomHXx ;i;yMaxx ToKapeBa bh ne Haflji;exe HH^ero oco- 
6eHH0 coBpeMeHHaro, HH^ero cnenjiajiBHo xapaKxepH3yioni;aro cxpa- 
;i;aHiii namnxx mojioji;hxx BepxepoBx Ha^iajia XX-ro B^Ka: 


05 

b sa HBHD CI Cepera. 

xenepi. CTpaniBO 'ijxjoi. 
, w BOBBpaTa mikTh. Hc^esia 
[e^yMBEbe a saBTpannaeHii 
ipesy BcnoHHHiBci. ero se- 
HiTb 0BJEui&(o oiBpsuieHie. 
aTHDBiOiiiefl nfya Bnepei^H, 
efi cHucj'b B i^^Hj. H Bce 
<b 6esi> aiMB B ilesTi cMucja. 

aroTb CNUcn bu fisuiti, — 
i> rOTOBi. OT^aTii sa aero 
ioaaa cnJieraer^ Boapocu 
sn, CMUcrt a nfytaia, 

yraiaa. H-ro eay cTUABTbCH? 
Bi;it Bce, cayiHsnieeos ci. 


B Bif^eTi> npaBO Ha »b3he>, 


]m6o GaHKpoTL, u b^b Ha 

noijBCTBOsaj'ib ;maci> ne- 
, ^to cj],t;ia;io bobmosihuii^ 

b npBSHaTii 9T0rD HenoBflT- 

i, crp. 60). 

HOTy, KOTopaa TaeeTca 
feTi acejiaHiH eme se- 
iBaTb sa BapBapoS Ba- 
ea^HCJieHHoe MHOisecTBO 
, 3THX1. HeSjaronojiy^- 

5h fiopOTLCB CI BH^m- 
HBOfi JiyMOfl, npOBOflBTt 

.lis c:ia6oS bojih h co- 

B-h, CJIOBHO CKOpniOHl, 

:ajioMi> caMoyrjiyfijieBis, 
BHyTpeHHOCxaxt. r. Be- 
mero HBxepecHaro ki 
leHBufi. nepefiA^Mi Ke 
us sacjiyKBBaerB xoro, 
— H3o6paflteHie HftefiHarn 
[o H lyTB, KaKi yme 
noTLCfl pascyscAeHisHH 
c^ Bt BaneKaxi h a:iJie- 
y r. BepecaeBy, aoTOMy 
ro BBO^paflteBifl Hamnxi 
L 6jiaronpiaTHHSi flJia 
aKOMi cjiyiat, nocjitfl- 


96 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

HHH noBicTL T. BepecaeBa Hya;J^a6Tca, ^to6h 6utl noHSToS 6ojib- 
fflOK) nyfijiHKOK), Bx HtKOTopHxt KOMMeHTapiaxx: 663^ HHXi aia. 
CTopoHa „Ha noBopoTt" — h CTopona HaHMente Hey;i;a^Haa — Acsa 
jHniL TiMX, KTO Cb aca;nHOCTi»K) h HnxepecoMt cji^jmrb 3a bbojoo- 
^ieK) MwcjiH cpej^H aKTHBHOfi MOJiofl;eacH. 

BoT'B, HanpHMi^px, no ^acTH saM^HH ji,iScTBi« HaMeKOMi. KoMna- 
Hia HamHxt mojiojiihx'b Jno^eS, B03BpamaffCL h3x rocTefi no wejit3- 
Hofi ;i;opori, 3HaK0MHTca, 6jiaro;i.apa cTOJiKHOBeHiK) Meac;i;y naccasH- 
paMH, CB padoqHMt, TOKapeMi, no MexajiJiy, KOTopufi no cBoeMj 
oTCTaHBaeTt CBoe nejiOBtqecKoe ;i;oc'tohhctbo h He bmhocht'b, Korfl;a 
ex HHMt ^nocTynaiOT'L HenpasHJiLHo", acepTBya ;i;a3Ke cbohmh neno- 
cpeji;cTBeHHUMH HHTepecaMH, — ^njiioa na KoiiMKy", KaKX BapanaeToi 
caMX 3aB0ji,CKifl. Tanio Bt TaKofi cieneHH BOcxHmaert 3totx qejio- 
B-feKt, ^To ona cefiqact ace no npitsji;* na cTaHn;iK) 0TnpaBJiaeTC« 
no6jiHace no3HaKOMHTi>c)i ex hhmx Bt pa6o^ift KBapTaJiX; necMOTpa 
Ha Hero;i;oBaHie CBoero 6paTa, h B03Bpaiii;aeTCfl jiHmB 

Kik ;iB^Ha;^i;aTii ^acaifb hohh, — oxcHsjieHHaH, pa^ocTHaH, cb 6jiecTHimncM 
FjasaMH. ToKapeB-B oujrb TaK'B B03Myii;eH'B, 4to ;naHte ne cTajit eft nn^ero ro- 
BopiiTB, n CHj^'l^Ji'B MOJi^a, nacynHBiniftcfl n rpycTHufi. Tann hc o6paii;ajia na 
Hero BHiiMaHin (({)eBpaji>, CTp. 29). 

dTOT-h nocTynoKX, no MHiniio aBTopa, j^ojiaceHX, o^eBH^HO, ao- 
CTaTO^HO pHcoBaTB Top^qyio H aKTHBHyio HaTypy TaHH, KOTopyio- 
CeprM xapaKTepH3yeTx bx ea oxcyTCTBie TaEHMH cjioBaMH: 

— H^Tb, eft-Bory, jih)6jiio TaTBjmy HnKOJiaeBHy. 3to TaKOH npojierapifl — ^o 
Mosra ROCTeS! HsKaKia ycJiOBHOcTH ;i;jifi nen He ncicaHbr^ Hii^i^Mi> OHa ne ceasaHa^ 
HHHero eft ne HyxtHO (ibid.). 

Ho Btji;B qHTaxejiB He aBTopi. h ne Cepri&8: eaiy Majio ysnaxB, tto 
Tana nepnyjiacB ^pa^ocTHaa". Ewy xot^jiocb 6h 3HaTB npH^nny ea 
pafl;ocTH: KaKie pasroBopu Bejia ona ct> hobmmx SHaKOMn.eM'B? KaEx^ 
pearnpoBajix na ea pt^B 3totx MacTepoBoft, CTaBani,ift CBoe ^octohh- 
CTBO BLime KonMKH? 9to — BonpocH, KOTopue MoryTx noKa3aTBca 

ripa3Ji;HBIMH 6jIH3KHMTb TOBapHni;aM'B TaHH, XOpomO SHaKOMMMX CB 

neK), HO KOTopBie o^eHB HHTepecyroTX ^HTaxeJia, ocTaion^aroca no^x 
une^aTJiiHieM'B Heyji;oBJieTBopaK)fli;HX'B ero naMeKOSB. 

Hjih BOT'B HO ^acTH ajijieroplH. Mojio;i;Me jiro^H ryjrarox'B bb ;Di;e- 
peBHi&. Co6HpaeTca rpo3a. Ha^HHaexca pasroBopx no noBO^y ea n 
iiepexoAHXx bi. o6n];ecxBeHHyK) ajuieropiio: 

— 9xi>, cjiaBHaH BeuiB rpoaa! JIio6j(io ee, — aaroBopujia Bapsapa BacHjn»eBHa. — 
CxpaHHoe OHa na Mena npoH3BOAHTT> Bne^axjitHie: ona TaKTb no;i,HHuaeTB^ Bit> 
Heft ccTb HTO-TO TaKoc yB^peHHae, necoMHiiHHoe h TRopHecKoe... K&tk&icb^ — 
:ijjfkchf no^^t rpo3ofi, ne MOKeTx ohtb HBKaKBXi> pa3;iyMifi h ROjie^aHifi; Bce, HTa 
oyAenib .nijiaTB, 6y;^eTT> xopouio, ny^vHO, n 6y;i;eTi> KaKi» pasi* to, hto h CJiii^;^o- 
najio ;itjiaTi>. A KaKi> 3to xopoiiio,--;i;tHCTBOBaTi>, ne pasAyMWBaa, Kor;i;a Tc6fl 
no;i;XBaTHa"B n noneceTB Bnepe^'B 6ojii>maH, Mory^an CHJua!.. 

— Oho TaRi> Teuept h octb, -cKasajia TaHfl. 
Bapsapa BacHJibeBBa noMOJinajia. 


HAUIA TEKYmAff aCH3HL. . 97 

— Tji.^-mrb OHO ecTt? — BoapasHjia ona. — TaKt, Ha MHHyry, HaMi> noKasa- 
jiocfc 6hmo, ^To HTO-TO ecTB. Ho 3to OKasajiocB MEpaaceicB. OnnTt Bce saMyni- 

JIOCL, OHHTb TCMHO; BCe HO o6HHHOMy MBJIKO, BHJIO H CJia6o. H H-feTB, H^TB TOFO 

npHJiHsa, KOTopufi Cm uoji^XBannajirb jno^efi i^'^jihkom'b, n^Th 6oji;pflui,aro B03;;yza, 
Bi> K0Top0Mi> 61J H cjia6ue Jipiusa, m na^ajin 6m coMH'j^HiH, h pocB 611I ay^^* 
^opora 6£ijia HaJI;^eHa, ho ona ORasajiacb khhschoio. 

— FocnOJ^H, «KHHJKH0K)»!r— BOCKJHKHyjra TaHH. — Bapa, BH 3HaHHT1>, COBctMl* 

cjinti, bw HH^ero ne BH;i;HTe Kpyroinb! 

— Si Bce, Mwh KaHcercfl, BEHcy. Po6Kie, cjia6£ie HaMeKB na hto-to... IIoMHnTCH, 
JfocToeBCKifi roBopHTi> o B^HHOMit pyccKOBTB «CKiiTajQ[i>i;'i^» — HHTejiJiHreHT']^ B ero 
;^paM^. HefliaBHo Ka3ajioct>, hto BonpocB, HaKOHem>, p-femeH-B, h cKHTajieuB ne- 
pecT»eTi> 6£iTB CRnTajiBixeHi>. Ho ^slsb^ axo TaKi>? Kohchho, cpasHHTejiLHO ci> 
npeacHHM'B, ecTB pasHHua, ho pasmiua o^enb He6ojix>iiiaa: mei nonpexcHeoiy 
ocxaeMCfl usi^avm b'b o6jiacTn u;^eajiOB'b n 6e3iipiioTHUHH CKHTajiBAaMH b'b mH3HH 
(flHBapb, cxp. 61 — 62)... 

OcTaHOBHMca noKa 3^*ci>, ocTaBjiiia sa co6ok) npaBO BepnyTLCff, 
ecjiH HyacHO 6y^eTB, k'b npo^ojiaceHiK) 3Toro pasroBopa. BHHMaTejiL- 

HUfi H 03HaK0MJieHHHfi CB HJi;efiHI>lMH Te^eHiflMH ^HTaTeJIL CXBaTH- 

BaeTx Bt KOHii;^^ KOHnioBt CMLicji'L npe;iirpo30BHXT. pa3cyac^eHifi. Ho 
;n;jiff 6ojiBniOH nyfijiHKH axa ajiJieropiH, HecMOTpa na ecTecxBeHHoe 
Bt ;fl;aHHOMi cjiyqai^ cSjiHacenie 6e3;i;yfflHaro ^BJieniff npHpoji;H h 
Mipa qejiOBi^ecKHXTb cTpacTeS, ocTaHeicff na nojioBHHy HenonaTofl. 
HaKonen;!,, BpeMenaMH naMeKH h He^oroBopeHHOCTB iHOCTHraiOT^ 
TaKHxi paaM-fepoBi, ^to h cjiifl;aiii;ift 3a 3BOJiion;iefi Hamnxi ofime- 

CTBeHHHXTb H^efi ^HTaTOJIL HO BCeVJlS, MOffieTTb 6hTI> yBfipen^ B'B 

ToqHOM^ HCTOJiKOBaHiH CMHCJia p-fe^eft, BKJia^HBaeMBrxi r. Bepecae- 
Buwh BB ycTa iH'feftcTByioiii.HX'B jiHUi^. BoTi., Hanp., cnopTb fjih, ecjiH 
xoTHTe, npiffiejiBCKifi j^ncnyTi Mea:ji;y h^ckojibehmh MOjro;n;HMH hh- 
TejiJiHreHTaMH h cJiecapeM^B THMO$eeM^ BajiyeBBiMB: 

Pt^fc 3amjia 06^ o;;homi> hs-b BonpocoBTb, ropa^o odcyjKj^aBmiixcH b-b no- 
cJi'i^AHee BpeMH b'b KpymRax'B n jtfkMusmux'h e^BHOMHCJieHHLiz^ ne^^aBHo jiiojceS 
A j^Ba pi^SKO-BpaHCAe^HuxB jiarepa. TonapeBB cnpociui'B EajiyeBa, cjiuniaji'B-jiH 

OH^B 06b 3T0M'B BOnpOCi^ H KaKB KB HCMy OTHOCHTCH. 

— KaK-B Hte, cjiHraajiB, — OTB-fcTHJCB BaJiyeBB. — Khhhckh tohcg Koft-KaKia hh- 
TajiB od-B aTOM-B... — Ohb nonrojpiaji'B. — Jl^yiiaeTca mh^, ne cb Toro KOHi^a bh 
no;^xoAHTe k-b ji^'kjij. Oho rjia;nKo nnmeTca btb KHHHCKaxB, jiorHiecKH, a tojibko 
KHHHCKa, 3HaeTe, ona 6ojiBme no nepxaHB KpyrnTca, 6ojii>ho hhofo cpasy saxBa- 
THTB xoHBTB. Oho TO, ;i;a He TO blixoahtb. CMOTpamb B'B KHH»acy, — BOTB Kakie 
Bonpocu; n bb bojiocli ii3B-3a hhx'b Bi](i^nnTbca pa^B BcaKOMy. A RpyrdMB no- 
rjiHAHniB, — HTO TaKoe? H Bonpocu ;H;pyrie, h coBcfeMB ii3B-3a ;^pyroro cco- 
pHTJbca Hau;o. 1 

— Ho, no3BOja[BTe, b^^b rhhslrh ocHOBBiBaioTca Ha xofi xce »cn3Hn, na t^tb 
me «H3HeHHHX'B (|)aKTax'B, — BOspaanji'B Cepr-fefi KaRHM'B-TO Heo(5Brmo ;H;jia Hero 

THXHMB n CMDpHKm'B TOJIOCOM'B. * 

— B-fepHo! «4>aKTEi»... Hto TaRoe $aRTH? H bot'b tslrtrj bb OROHIRO, BHHty, 
jioma^B ynajia, h roBopio: ^cxyrB ;ii;opora CRJiHSRaa, — noHcajiyfiCTa, He cnopBTe 
CO MHOH>; caMB Bn;i,aj[B, RaRB jioma^B ynajia». A na ;;opor'il^ dTofi, MomexB, 
uujus no mHROJURy, a jioma;i;B noTOwy ynajia, hto Hora no;i.BepHyjiacB. Oho, bh- 
^Bxe jm, ROJiH Ha ^aRTu b'b oroihro cmotp^tb, to n (|>aRTU-To oRasuBaioTca 
^aJiBmnBBiMB. A b3'b stbx'b <|)aKT0BB 3AopoBeHHMini3 tbosab A'^JiaioTB, ;^a b'b 
roaoBy ero Te6^ h bfohhiotb... HaMe;i;HH BcxptTHJica a bb HeTepdypr'fe cb 

Jfe 4. OT;iitji'B n. 7 


98 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

oAHHMik npiHTejieM'b CTapufiTB. — Tu, cnpauiHeaeTB, kto? — il? (uo;i,i> ryctuMu 
ycaMH Eajyeea MejibRHyjia yj[u6Ka). Ajiq ne ysnaji'B? CjiecapB Tnsfo^eS! — 
H'fe-'feTB, fl He TOMi». Th ^ejioB']^Ki> KaRiiXT> BsrjiHj^oB'B? — H, roBopro... 
pa6oiifi! 

Bet nocniniHJii! rpoMKO h ;i.py«HO paacM-feflTtca (^(J)eBpajii>, cxp. 30—31). 

^TO ace, noacajiyS, h ^HxaTejib corjiacHTca npHcoe^HHHTBca k'l 
9T0My rpoMKOMj H fl;pyacHOMy CMtxy. Ho tojilko hsi araxt — ^a h 
nocJii;i;yK)mHxt — paacyacAemfl cjiecapa TnMO^ea oh:b Bpa^t-JiH b-l 

TO^HOCTH C006pa3HT'B, KaKOM^ C06CTBeHH0 HSt CnopHHX'B MeffijO^y 
MapKCHCTaMH BOnpOCOB'L HAeT-B piqt. Joraj^HBaTLCil, KOHe^HO, MOatHO, 

ho py^aTBCff 3a stpHOCTL ji,ora;a;KH Hejii>3H. Ho BceS B-fepoaTHOcTH, 
cjiecapL THM0$efi asjiaeTca j^tTHmeMi. eme ctojil He^aBHO ii;apHB- 
inaro y Haci ^SKOHOMH^ecKaro MaiepiajiHSMa", ctopohhhkh koto- 
paro CB acapoM^ BsymajiH BCi^MX h KaacjiiOMy mhcjil, ^to e;i;HHCTBeH- 
Haa HCTopH^ecKaji saji.a'ia cospeMeHHaro nepioji;a coctoht'b y nacB 
n't pinieHiH pafio^aro Bonpoca Bt ero y.sKOMt npo^eccioHajiLHOMi 
CMHCjii H nyTOMB HCKJiioqHTejiLHO aKOHOMH^ecKofi 6opb6h aa MejiEia 
noBceiUHeBHBiff xpedoBania Tpy;i,aiij;Hxca Macc^. Ha bg^ ocTajiBHHa 
HCTopH'iecKia 3a;i;a^H ^aKOHOMaqecKifi MaxepiajiHSM'B" B3Hpajii cb 
npespi&HieM'B, 3ayinaff, Me^^y npo^HAiB, HHTejumreHi^iio HMeHHO 3a 
ea npeTensiio npej^-BaBJiaxB Kb HCTopia 6oji^e mnpoKia Tpe6oBaHia. 
H BOTB, Kor^a caMa skhshb sacxaBHJia, HaKOHeniB, cnoxBaxHXBca 

3afl;HHM^ HHCJIOM'B „pyCCKHX:B y^eHHKOB'B" H, paCKOJIOBX HXT* Ha 

HficKOJiBKO $paKii.ifi, c;i,'fejiajia h3:b KpaflHefl jitBofi pyccKaro MapK- 
CH3Ma p^niHxejiBHaro Bpara He xojibko noHaxia, ho h caMaro cjiOBa 
„aK0H0MH3MX>", ^acxB cjiecapefl THMO(|)eeB^ npo^ojiacaexB nofixopaxB 
npeacHift ypoKB (ne roBopHM'B o ApyroH ^acxH, y Koxopofi „3K0H0- 
MHCxaM^" He Mtmajio 6u noyqnxBca 6ojifie ninpoKOMy h aKXHBHOMy 
oxHOffleniK) ki o6ni;ecxBeHHOCXH). H3o6paacaeMHfi r. BepecaeBHM'B 

CJieCapB HMeHHO H eCXB XaKOfl aKOHOMHCXT*, KOXOpHH CB yfliOBOJIB- 

cxBieMi no;i,^epKHBaex'B „pa6o^ia", npo^eccionajiBHBifi xapaKxep*:^ 
CBoero MipoB033ptHia h bb cnopife cb aKXHBHHMH MapKCHCxaMH 6po- 
caexx. HMi o6BHHeHie bx xoaix*, ^xo ohh ji;yMaK)XB cjiHinKOM'B „jio- 
TH^ecKH" 3ia HO ^KHHacKf , Koxopaa, MOJi^B, „6ojiBme no BepxaM^B 
KpyxHxca", — ho;i;o6ho xoMy, rrkb MapKCHCXH .eni;e Hefl;aBHO KjieS- 
MHJiH JiK)ji;efl, CKenxH^ecKH oxHOCHBniHxca kx hxx> Bsrjia^aMTb, 3a 
„H^eojioriio*' ^a 3a xo, Tro ohh Hefl;ocxaxo^HO CMoxpaxi b-b bkoho- 
MHTiecKifi KopeHB Bemefi... TaKOB'B, Ha;i;o nojiaraxB, cmbicji'b xopse- 
cxByK)n];aro saaBJienia THMO$ea: „xbi ^eJiOBtKB KaKHX'B Bsrjia^OBi? — 
il, roBopio, pa6o^iH!.." 

HonpoSyeM'B, o^naKO, ne CMOxpa na neacHOCXH hoboh noB-fecTH 
r.* BepecaeBa, H3BJie^B hsx. nea yKasania Ha ynoManyxHA yne npo- 
ii,ecci 6poaceHia, npoHCXo^iiamiH HMH-fe cpe^H MOJioj3;eacH, h npHBecTH 
xy^oacecxBeHHoe oxpaacenie axoro npoii;ecca b^b CBasB cb jh^Acxbh- 
xejiBHoft Hcxopiefl H;i;eJSHaro „noBopoxa". 

r. BepecaeBB He Mor^, koho^ho, npoflxH MOJi^anieMB bb coBpe- 


HADIA TEKyilliAJI 5KH3HI>. 99 

MeHHOMt „KpH3HCi MapKCH3Ma", KaK'B npHHflTO TOnepS BBipaJKaTBCil, 

6epHniTefiHiaHCKoe Te^enie. C^ nepsaro, mokho CKasaTJb, a6niyra, 
Kor;i;a aBTop'B ycTpaHBaeTi Ha^iaJiBHyH) BCTpi&qy cbohxt. repoeBi,, 
BepHfflTeflH'L H ero „KpHTHKa" aBJiaiOTCH npeji.MeTOM'B cnopa Meac/i;y 
HHMH. 06HapyacHBaK)TCH, KaK'B 9T0 H MoacHO 61JJ10 oacH^aTB, ^Ba Jia- 
repu, cTopoHHHKH H npoTHBHHKH HOBaro TeTjemH, HO CI dOJILmEMt 
pa3Hoo6pa3ieMT. bsfjih^obi b'b tomt* h ;npyroM^ BpajKvUyiomeMi CTan-fe. 
Xyji;offi;HHKy yro^HO 6Lijro xaKt pacnpe^^iJiHTB pojiH, ^to 6ojLie mo- 
jio;i;Bie, ropa^ie h aKTHBHHe jie)ji;h 0Ka3ajiHCB 6e3ycjiOBHO npoTHB'B 
BepHmxefiHa h ero „$HJiHCTepcTBa", Tor;i;a KaK'B Jijoj^i, yace no3Ha- 
KOMHBiniecff cb acnsHiio h oTqacTH noMATHe eio, HHiajiHCB B'B btom^b 
cnop-fe yKasaTB na nepestc^ y BepHiniefiHa „HacToaii];aro, peajiH- 
OTH^ecKaro MapKCH3Ma" cpaBHEiejiBHO c^ y^enieM'B „npaBOBipHaro 
MapKCH3Ma". TaKi, ToKapeB'B nBapBapa BacHjiBeBHa, cjia6o 3ain;H- 
iciaa BepHmieftHa otb ynpeKOBi B'B „$HJiHCTepcTBt", BH^nrajiH He 

CTOJEBKO HpaBCTBeHHyiO, CKOJIBKO $aKTH^eCKyH) Heo6xOJi;HMOCTB 9TOrO 

^oji^e „onnopTyHHCTCKaro" h „npaKTHiiecKaro" HanpaBjiemu^ pas-B 
nepBOHa^ajiBHoe yqenie yTpa^HBaeTi cboh) „HenpHMHpHMyK) ^ncTOxy", 
pacnpocTpaHflflCB cpe;i;H MHJijiioHOB'B. Tana ace ji;ajia bojik) cBoeft Ha- 
T?yp^ CTpacTHaro ^anaTHKa, CMOTpa na bc^^x-b, kto saHKajica B'B 
nojiB3y BepHHiTegHa, cb „cypoBoro h Heron;yioni;eH) Bpaac^oio", ne ocTa- 
HaBJiHBaacB nepe;ii;i pisKOCTiiMH, nacMiniKaMH, jijaMe „co$H3MaMH h 
nepeHHa^HBaHieM^ cjiob-b hpothbhhkob'b", — KaK'B 8to o6HKHOBeHHO h 
^HBaeT^B CB ropa^HMH h y64ac^eHHBiMH, ho He oco6eHHO y6t;i;HTejiB- 
HHMH a;n;enTaMH KaKoro-HH6y^B yqenia. MojiOjOiofi CTy;i;eHTHK'B Ber- 
Hep-B pasBBBaji-B Toace cb to^kh spiniii opTo;i;oKca CBOfl bsfji^^'b na 
^OKxpHHy con;iajiBHaro onnopTyHHSMa, npe^^cTaBaaa ee pe3yjrBTaT0Mi 
yMHmjieHHaro „(|)ajiBC0[$Hii;HpoBaHia Hji;eoaoriHBparoB'B** co CTopoHH 
saniiHTHHKOB'B coBpeMeHHaro CTpoa, HcnyraBHiHxca, Moa'B, pocTa ero 
^aKaaTBix^ hpothbhhkob'b h cTaparomnxca: nonpaBKaMH pa3pyfflHTB 
ii;'fejiBH0CTB Hxi MipoB033p^Hiff. HsB H3o6paaceHifl[ r. Bepecaena KaK'B 

^SI BBIXO^HT-B, HTO MOaOfljeSB TflHeTB TenepB p-feniHTeJIBHO B'B CTO- 

poHy, npoTHBonoaoacHyfi) BepnniTeSHy. Ho, uwk Kaaceica, aniopi 
B'B ^aHHOMX cayqai ^epes^yp-B ynpocTHJi'B Kapinny „noBopoTa". Ot'b 
Hero ycKOJiB3Hyjio o;i;ho o^enB xapaKiepnoe o6cToaTejiBCTBO, Bxo;i;a- 
mee cocTaBHHM'B 9JieMeHT0M^ B'B Hflieflpoe 6poaceHie nocjii^HHX'B 

CaMa no ce6^ BTopocTeneHHaa KHHra BepHmiefiHa o „npe;i;no- 
^BiJiKax-B" *) cwrpaaa, 6jiaro^apa nsB-fecTHMMX ycaoBiiiMi, pojiB o^eHB 
^fleprnqnaro 6po;i;HJia, npoH3Be^niaro CHJiBHyio pa6oTy mhcjih cpe^H 
MapKCHCTOB'B BC^XB CTpaH'B. H B'B 9T0M'B ea HCTopH^ecKoe sHa^enle, 
J^aJIeKO npeBocxo^iflniiee ea BHyTpennia ;a;ocTOHHCTBa. Bi nefi, 


*) PepoH r. Bepecaeea roBopHTt, oneBH^HO, xojibKO nefi: nocatniyeM'B a 
MU HXTb npHM-fepy, xoTfl BopHmTefiH-B ycnijii* aa 3to BpeMH HS^iaTt eme Honyio 
KHory, cdopHHKi. CBOux'B cTaTefi, KaK'B npescHQX'B opTOjn;oKcaji[BHLix'B, TaKTb II no- 
<jjii;nyK)mHX'B noJiyopTo;i;oKcajiBHLiyB n HaKOHet^Tb «KpHTHHecKHXT»». 

7* 


r 

r 


100 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

jijiflcTBHTejiLHo, ecTB cTopoHS, npe;i;cTaBjiJiiDD3;aH C0608 6oji^e mh 
MeHte npaMofl njiariaT'B 6yp3Kya3HHX'B SaHajiLHOCTeft h o6mHX's 
MicTt; H aTO-TO, KCTaxH CKaaaTB, h npH;i;aerB efi ctojib chjii>hh8 
„$HjiHCTepcKia" npHBKycx *). Ho bi> Hefi ecTt h cTopona, socnpoHs- 
Bo^amaff KpHTHKy, yace ^asHO oSpamaeMyio j^ajieKO He 6ypacya3- 

HHMH MHCJIHTeJIHMH DpOTHBt npeyBeJIH^eHifi „3KOHOMHHeCKarO MaTe- 

piajiH3Ma", HJiH Toro y^enia, KOTopoe HCTopH^ecKH pasBHJiocB e3i> 
Kofi-KaKHX'B odn^Hxt nojoacemfl MapKca h OnrejiLca h buejjiejio 
nepsaro roBopHXL: „niTh, k to yacx ne MapKCHCxx", a sToporo yKO- 

pHBHeHHO KaqaTL rOJIOBOH) Ha^t „CTpaHHHMH BemaMH", H3MH[inj[^BniH- 
MHCa „HtKOTOpHMH HeAaBHHMH MapKCHCiaMH". ECTB, HaKOHBI^'B, B'B 

KHHacKi^ BepHmTeflna eme h xpexBa CTopona; h btsl ciopoHa co- 
CTOHT-B yace ne b^b kphthk^^, a, Hao6opoTt, bi> ycHJieHHOMi noji;^ep- 
KHBaniH HiKOTopHX'B ;i;pyrHx:B o;n;HocTopoHHOCTefi MapKCHSwa, koto- 
pHff, 6yj^y^H oTopBaHH otl o6iu;aro ancaMfijiff y^eHia, nosBOJiaiOTTr 
BepHHiTefiHy HCTOJiKOBHBaTb HX'B HCKJiio^HTeJiBHo Bx acejiaTejiBHOMi> 
eMy yM-fepeHHOMt h aKKypaTHOMt cmhcji^. 

H BOTt 3Ta-T0 aMajiLraMa pasjiH^HHX'B BJieMeHTOBTb, saKJiio^eH- 
HBixi Bt „npe;iinocHjiKax'B", H ofitacnaeTi tott, npon.ecc'B 6poa:e- 
Hia, KOTopHfi KHHacKa 6HBmaro pe^aKTopa „Coi4ajiB-;iieMOKpaTa'* 
npoH3Bejia cpe;i;H sarpaHH^HuxB h pocciflcKHX'B MapKCHCTOBX. Oji;hhx'b. 
3Ta Beiii,B EpafiHe o6pa;i;oBaj[a h sacTaBHJia ci Heo6i>iEHOBeHHBni'B 
pBenieMt npoaBHTB rjiy6oKO MimancKifi xapaKTepi* cbohx'b B3rjiimoB'B. 
H iiyBCTBOBaniS, ein;e Heji;aBH0 CKpHBaBmnxca no;i;x $opMajiLHOio no- 
KpHHiKOio „Hay^Haro coii;iajiH3Ma". H Teopia'„npHTynjieHifl" (Abstump- 
fung) coiiiiaJitHHX'B npoTHBopt^ifl, „BBT;fl;aji6jiHBaHia'' (AushSlung) Ka- 
HHTajiHCTH^ecKaro CTpoff Me;nJieHH0H h nocTeneHHOft pa6oT0io opra-^ 
HHsyiomaroca npojieTapiaTa, BCTynaiomaro bt> nocTOUHHHS cok)3'b oir 
6ypacya3HHMH napTiiiMH, — sTa Teopia npninjiacB EaKB HejiB8a 6ojiifee 

UO BEyCy JIIOAilM'B, 0TEa3HBaH)IH;HMC)I OT'B aKTHBHOft ;i;*aTeJIBHOCTH. 

JpyrHxt, 6ojite acHBHXx, dojiie npaMOJiHHeflHHXt, ho cjthhieom'b. 
cKJioHHLix'B EB ^^oETpHHopcTBy „y^eHHEOB'B" EHHacKa sacTaBHJia 3a- 
ji;yMaTBCH Ha;i.x ^epe3qypT» o^jhoctopohhemb xapaETepoMX MapKCHCT- 

CEOH $HJIOCO$iH HCTOpiH H HpHSHaTB, 60Jlie ^iMB 3T0 ^IjOnyCEaJIOCB' 

o6HqHO HMH, 3Ha^eHie EOJiJieKTHBHoS ncHXOJioriH, ;fl;0T0Jii qepes^ypt^ 
OTOABHraBfflefica y hrxx na 3a;i;Hifi njianx nepe^^B npoi^eccoMB 3K0- 
HOMH^ecEaro npoK3Bo;i;cTBa. TpeTBHXB, HaEOHei];B, cocTaBJiaBiKHX'B. 
6ojiBniHHCTBO B-B MapECHCTCEOMB jiarop^ H saHHMaBniHXX npoMeacy* 
TO^Hoe nojEoacenie Me»;a;y TaftHBiMH dypacya h nandoji^e aETHB- 

HBIMH HaTypaMH, dTHXh TpeTBHXX BepHinTeHH-B SaCTaBHJIB BCTpax-^ 


*) JI^aHce Hamn bojikh peaKnin, y KOTopux-B, KaKi* y sanpaBCKaro BOJiRa^ 
6UJL8L jianih o;i,Ha whcusi^ noAHOBHJiH TenepB cbob penepTyapi> npn noMome «S3- 
BicTHaro coi4ojiora» BepninTeHHa h cnpaBJifliOTB Tenept, onnpancB na ero aB- 
TopnieTi, no6'fe;^y HaAi> «CBeprHyTHMi» KyjiLTOM-B^ [(MapKcoMt) b-b 6e3KOHe^- 
HiirB CTaTtflXB rr. BopoHOBuxi), SnaMeHCKHrB h npoHHX'b cTOjinoB'B «Mockob-^ 
CKHX^ B^;i;oMOCTeft». , 




HADIA TEKyiHAH ffiH3HL. 101 

HjTBCff H Kh ymacy CBoeMy HafixH, ^to na npaKTHKi ohh cjiHinKOM'B 
qacTO niJLK no nyTH toh caMofi yMipeHHofi h aKKypaxHofl fljiaiejiB- 

HOCTH, KOTOpyiO aBTOpt wnpej^nOCHJIOKt*' CTpeMHJ[C« TenepL BOSSeCTH 

Bi> ^pHH^H^'I>. BepHmTefiHTb nocjiyacHJi'B hm-l aepKajiOMt, bi koto- 

pOM'B OHH yBH;i.i&JIH CBOK) HaCTOflmiyH) $H3iOHOMilO H BMicrfe CBOK) 

6yji;yn^yK) cy;i;L6y; h ohh, BCiynHBt b'b 6opL6y ct> aBTopoMX „npe;i;- 
nocHJiOK'B**, Bi cyni;H0CTH ct oacecTo^eHieMt B03CTaBajiH npoTHBi 
<5aMHXTb ce6jT, KaKOBHMH OHH 6hjih eni;e Bt He;i;aBHeMT» nponiJiOMTb, 
H, 6H^y« „onnopTyHH3M'B" BepHHiTeflHa, ocyacfliajiH cboh) ace ne^aB- 
HH)K) ^i^HTejiBHOCTB. Ctohtx tojilko bchomkhtb, ct KaKOK), Hanp., 3a- 
najiL^HBocTbE) „6jiaHKH3M^" no;i;Beprajica ocy2c;i;eHiK) Bt Jiarepiy^e- 
HHKOBTb BO HMa ecTecTBOHHOfi 9BOJiioii,iH; H Hafl;o 6hjio BepHHiTeflHy 
npeycep;a;HO sanaTBca Bt CBoefl KHHri sHipaBJieHieMi HSt y^enia 
MapKca „6jiaHKHCTCKHx^ npe^pascy^^KOBi,", hto6h ctopohhhkh „ecTe- 
■cTBeHHaro xoji;a Beniiefi*' B03CTajiH npoTHB'B axoro ocKonjieHiii ^e- 
iiOBiqecKoft HCTopiH ad usum Delphini h npoBOsrjiacHJiH, — h xeope- 
TH^eCKH npHHilJIHCB onpaB^LiBaTL, — Heo6xo^HMOCTL aKTHBHaro BM^ma- 
TOJiLCTBa B% o6ni;ecTBeHHHa npouecci. 

He cjiijijeTTyj KpoMi Toro, 3a6HBaTB, ^to KHnra BepHmTeflHa 
6ujiB. eme 6ojube CHMHTOMOMt, ^^ut> areHTOMX 6po3KeHiii bi Jiarepi 

yqeHHKOBt, H ^TO K-B KHHaCHHMX ypOKaM'L SjflifiCL npHCOeji;HHHJia CBOH 

BicKie apryM^HTH caMa acH3HL. He;i;apoMX B'B ony6jiHKOBaHHofi 
ne^aBHO nepenncKt JIaccajiH cb MapKcOMt — 6y;i;yD3;ifi KpynHMmift 
;i,iHTejiL TepMamH saMi^iaeT^: „em,e HHKorfl;a anaxifl He no6iac;a;a- 
jiacL qncTO TeopeTH^ecKHM'L nyxeM^**. Hact, pyccKHX'B, Bt ^acTHocxn 
Hay^Hjrt fiojiie acHBOMy, Menie ji;oKxpHHepcKOMy oxHonieniio k:b 
AMcxBHxejiLHOcxH xoxt caMHfi „ecxecxBeHHija xojii'B Beni;eH", KOxopHH 
en^e xaK'B ne^aBHo, — ho, Kt coacajii&HiK), jihhib Ha cjiOBaxt h hckjik)- 
^HxeJiBHO no;!;!* MapKCHcxcKHMX yrjiOMt spinia — HBJiajica BLicmeio 
HHcxaHDiieio npn o6cyac;i;eHiH BoupocoB-B o xaKXHK^ y^acxia Bt hc- 
xopn^ecKofi acH3HH. CaMx» bxoxt. ^xo^i,!* Beni,e3", roBopio a, BCxpfixHJi'B 
nporpeccHBHyio HHxejiJiHreHn,iK) naniy xaKHMH, BupaacaacB $Hry- 
pajiBHO, ;n;peKOJiBaMH, hxo noHCBOJii 3fl;opoBHfi oprannsM'B cxajii 
pearnpoBaxB na axH mH3HeHHHe cropnpH3H, h Mory^ifi a^^eKX-B 
pa36HJi'B cKopjiyny ;fl;orMaxH3Ma. En];e He;i;aBHO 6Hjro 6m HeMHCJiHMO 
6bixb CBHji;*xejieM'B boxt> xoxb cjii;i;yion];aro cnopa, KOxopHfl repon 
r. Bepecaena Beinyx'B bx, ynoManyxofi yace cn^ewh offi;H;i;aHia rpo3H. 
FoBopHxi BapBapa BacHjiBeBHa: 

H BOTB BOSHnRaioTB Bonpocu: n^^TH Ha ;ii,Ba njia Ha pficaTh maroB'b Bnepe;(i>? 
CaMH dTQ Bonpocu noA^u, no;i,jni ^o caMoS cyTH, ohh ocRop6iiTejii>HH jma mchh 
H CTaBflTB MCHfl BTb <|>ajiBmnBoe nojioHceme: a ne Mory OTpeKaiBca otb canofi 
ce6fl. Ho TO, — Morynee, CTHxifinoe — oho Mena ne npHSHaeT-B, a bo mh^ h^tb 
CHjiH, a — HHHTO, ecjiH ne Baxony nposHaTB axoro cTHxiftHaro h ero CTHxift- 

HOCTH. 

— HopTi> 3HaeTi>, HTO taKoe! — BOSMyTHjiacb Tana. — Botb xaK'B BonpocH! Ha 
;i;Ba, na ;i;ecaTi> maroB'B BuepcAB? ^to MH-fe sa ;i^Jio ^o aToro? H xony h;^tii noji- 
HBiMi> iiiaroM'B, H njieBaxb mh^ na see h na Bci^xB! Kto oTCTanerB, — fl;oroHafi, a 


102 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

a^^aK-B KaK'B Ha^nyrB Bci oahh-b k-b ;;pyroMy npBHopaBjuiBaTtcfl, to Bci n 6jfl,yTj> 

TODTaTLCJI Ha M'i^CT'J^! 

— BpaBO, TaTbflHa HnKOJiaeBHa! — bi> BOCTopri BocKjiHKHyjii) Ceprifl. — 
BoTt! BoTB 3T0 caMoe h bctb! Bee CTHxiflHOCTb, CTMxiftHOCTfc... Eme hobliS oofb 
KaKofi-TO, nepej^'b Konopuwh nsBOjiBTe npeKjioHflTBCH! Ha ce6a HyHiHo pasc^BTu- 
BaxB, a He na CTHxifinocTB! GraHy a ceoB OTpni^iTB, KaRB »ce! Hopxa cb ;i;Ba!., 
Cu^ji'^e Hy»{HO 6tjtb, ^ Hy»cHo hath Ha CBofl co6cTBeHH£ift pncKB h nojca- 
raTtcfl Ha cboh coocTBenHHa chjibi, — tojebko! By^fc ona npoKJWTa, axa cth- 

xifiHOCTB! 

— B'i^pHO, Bi^pno! — corjiacujiCH h 'Bopucorji^6cKi&. — ^to ona mh^ aa 
ynas-B, CTHxiflnocTB axa? 3jioctb y Menn bctb TyTB sAopoBeHHaa (oh-b y;i,a- 
pnji'B ce6a RyjiaRouB bb rpy^B), — ny h Jia;i;Ho! BojiBme mh^^ HH^ero ne Hy;KHo! 

— Hy, H TfemBTecB b-b tbkomb cjiy^at 6HpiojiBRaHii, rapii;yflTe cb cBoeio 

SJIOCTBH) BB 6e3B03AyinH0MB HpOCTpaHCTB*! — BOp^^IHBO npOHSHeCB UleMeTOB-B. 

A H HO noHHMaio H He npH3HaK)^ HTO nojE^jiaro b'b tI^xb Bonpocax'B, o ROTopux'B 
roBopHTB BapBapa BaciutBeBHa. Jl^a, secB BonpocB hmghho bb toitb, — Ha ;^Ba 
njiH Ha ;^ecBTB maroB'B BnepeAB! JI,j[h mchb CTOxifiHOCTB tojibro h ^opora, ca- 

ilU$L B&TKBSifii CaMBlfi rjL&BRUA BOnpOCB, — KaR'B RTt HCfi HpUMKHyTB. A B£I, RyHKa 

rapii,yH)n](Hxi, h dy^eTe ce6'h rapi^OBaTB, noica, coBepmeHHo neaaBHCHMO otb 
BaCB, RB BaMB UOJl^O^Jl^JTh T^... Bh ckojibro yHtB BpeMeHH,— TpH;i,ii,aTB, copoRB^ 
jT-ferB rapii;yeTe (HHBapB, cTp. 62 — 63). 

Bti BH;i;HTe, ^to Meac;i;y „yqeHHKaMH", CBiiaaHHUMH, noBHfl;HMOMy, eme 
He^aBHO e;i;HHCTBOM'L $opMyjiKr, Hj^yTt xenepL TaKie cnopti, KOToptie 
^CHO yKasBiBaiorE, ^to BoapoaK^aeTca MipoBOSsptHie py6eaca TO-x-l h 
SO-x-B rofliOB'B, MipoB033pi^Hie, eme Hefl;aBHO ocMiBBaBmeeca narnHMH 
MapECHCTaMH Bt CTHxaxt H npo3t. noTOMy qTO, corjiacHTecL, npH- 
rjiameme „Ha ce6a pasc^HTHBaTB, a He na CTHxifiHOCTt", „cMtji'fee 
6bitb", „Hfl;TH na cboS co6cTBeHHHfl pncKi h nojiaraTBca na cboh 

C06cTBeHHHa CHJILl"; npOKJiaTie „CTHXifiHOCTH" H HaCMtoKH Haftt 
aTHMt ^HOBHM-B 6orOMl KaKHM-B-TO, nepej^-B KOTOpHM'B H3B0JIBTe 

npeKJiOHflTBca"; anejiJiHpoBaHie k-b „3JiocTa", KOTopofl CTHxifinocTB 
„He yKasx" h KpoM-fe KOTopofl „6oJiBffle HH^ero ne nyacHO" no hh- 

HfimHHMT. BpOMeHaM'B, — KaR'B BOCKJIEIIiaeT'B 0;i;HH'B HSl. mojioji;bix'b 

jiK)]ifi% — Bce 3T0 KpaSne nenoxoace Ha neMBHee npocjiaBJieHie 
„yqeHHKaMH" gy^OAificTBeBHHX^ cboActb'b $aTajiBHaro xo;n;a Bemefi 
H $H$HKaHBe Ha;ai'B „KpHTHqecK0H) jih^hoctbio". Ho Bce 9to nano- 
MHHaeTi — H, ecjiH xoiHTe, HanoMHHaex'B ;i;aace cb HiKOTopHMt 

HaHBHBIM'B npeyBeJIH^eHieM'B, KOTOpoe CBOfiCTBeHHO hmjikhmb h 

o^eHB MOJio^HMT. HaTypaM'B Bpo^i^ TaHH HjiH CepriH — aETHBHOe 
OTHomeHie kb nporpeccy „ceMHAecflTHHKOB'B". ToBopio jjEiKOTopBoit 
HaHBHHM'B npeyBejiH^oHieMB" noTony, ^to jiioah TO-x-b ro^OB'L 

HHCKOJIBKO, BB CymHOCTH, HO OTpHIi;aJIH „CTHXifiHOCTH", KaKB OCHOBHOfi 

no^BH CBoefl jii'feflTejiBHOCTH, HO, Hao6opoTB, rjiy6oKO b*phjih b^ to, 
HTO OHH sLBjisiJOTca co3HaTejiBHHMH HCTOJiKOBaTejiflMH H ynpe^Te- 
jiiiMH npoi];ecca o6iij.ecTBeHHaro pasBHTia. ^ejiOBtK'B h opraHH3ai];ia 
jiH^iHOCTeg iiepnajiH cboh) cHJiy HMeHHO B'B cosHaniH cBoefi EpoBHofl 

CBHSH CB pOfljHOK) „CTHXiHHOCTBK)" H CBOefl HCTOpH^eCEOfi pOJIH 

Bbipa3HTejiefi o6meHapo;i;HHX'B HHTepecoBx. Bo bchkomb cjiyqai^, 
aKTHBHHfi MapKCHCT-B B'B 3Ha^HTejiBHofi CTeneHH, KaR'B MH bh;i,hm'b. 


HAUIA TEKYmAfl 3KH3HL. 103 

> < 

...cacert to, neuj noEJiOHajicii, noKJiOHHjica tomj, ^to cacHrait; — 
H aBJiaeTca eniie Bonpoct, Moacei'L-jiH omb, pa3i> cTynsB^ Ha nyxt 
9ToS 9B0JiK)iuH, coxpaHHTL Boofime THnmHbia ^epTH pyccKHXt „y^e- 
HHKOBt" H ca^oe HasBanie MapKCHCTa. 

Ho He saxo^H ;i^aaKe bx 6y;nyni;ee, npncjiyniHBaacB Kt cnopaMi, 
KOTopwe Be;i;yTca MapKCHCTaMH, ne OTKasHBaioniHMHCii oti. npHsna- 
Hia Epyiraaro3HaTieHiff3a„CTHxiflH0CTLK)", — a Btpafioxt cpeji,H„CTHxifi- 
hocth" h 3aKJiK)qaeTca e^HHCTBeHHaa sacjiyra pyccKaro MapKCHSwa, — 
MBi Haxo^HMt H s^^cL pi^sKifl HpoTHBOHOJioatHOCTH BO B3rjia;n,axi)^ 
HMOHHO no Bonpocy o xapaETept B03ji,iHCTBia na „cTHxifiHOCTB". 
„Hji.TH Ha flijBa HJiH Ha j^ecaTh maroBt Bnepe^-B" ea flBJiaeTca He 
CTOJiBKo npocTOH HCHxojiorHqecKOH ^HJieMMofi, KOTopyio cTaBHTi) ce6^ 
KaacAuft OT^^^jiBHHfi „y^eHHK'B" HaniHX'B ^nefi, ckojilko npe^MeTOMx 
oacecTO^eHHHxi, pacnpefi, KOTopna nepeji;ifejiHjiH Beet JiarepL pyc- 
CEHxt MapKCHCTOB'B Ha jifi'k Bpa:s;];yK)Hi;ia $paKii,iH. 

Ho ynoManyTHa h^ckojilko BBime ji;peKOJiLa „ecTecTBeHHaro 
xo;i;a Beiniefi" Bce 6oji^e h 6ojiie BHOcaT'B cbok) B-fecKyio aprynen- 
Tai^iio, CBOH argumenta baculina, bx pacnpK) Meac;a;y CTopoHHHKaMH 
„3;Byx'B niaroBt" h CTopoHHHKaMH „ji;ecaTH inaroB'B" h sacTaBJiaioTt 

^SKOHOMHCTOBTb" HO^TarHBaTLCa H Ct JKapOMI. 0T6paCHBaTL OTL 

ce6a o6BHHeHie bx fiepHmTeftHiaHCTBi h THXoxo;i;cTBi, TaK'L ^to co 
CTopoHH 3Ta Meayi;oyco6Haa Bofina npe;[i;cTaB.iaeTca Bce 6oji'6e h 
6ojL±e jiHineHHOio BHyTpennaro CMHCJia h BHpaacaiomeK) JinniL 06- 
Hiee BoaBpameHie HHTejiJiHreHn.iH Kt MipoBOSspiniio TO-xt rofl;oBTb... 
HoSjiarojiiapHM'B ace r. BepecaeBa 3a to, ^to ero He oco6eHHO 
y;i,aBniaflca 9KCKypcia Bt o6jiacTL xyji;oacecTBeHHOCTH ;n,ajia naMi. 

B03M03KHOCTB KOHCTaTHpOBaTB aTOTT. yTtfflHTejBHHfi 06ni;eCTBeHHHfi 
^aKTT.. 

He aajii^aeAit-jLH mh cjl^jiobt>. Toace KaKoro-HH6y^B „noBopoTa" 
Bt MipoB033pi^HiH pyccKHXT. .iK);i;eH nojii'B nepoMt r. Bo6opHKHHa? 
HsBicTHO, ^TO fl;aace t^ ^HTaTejiH, KOTopne yMtpenno B0cxHni,aK)Tca 
xyji;oacecTBeHHHMH ji;ocTOHHCTBaMH Hamero njio;i;oBHTaro 6ejiJieTpHCTa, 
cjiifl^TTb He 6e3i JiK)6onHTCTBa 3a nonHTKaMH sToro aBTopa „yJiaB- 
jiHBaTL Bi^ania", ^cxBaTHsaTB MomeHTi" h BocnpoH3Bo;n,HTL H^eflHHa 
H 3.aace ^HCTO BHimnia hobhhkh bt> cbohx-l npoH3BejiieHiax'B. Ha 
ceft pa3'B r. BodopHKHHt ^JiaeTi najit cpa3y ji^'k BentH: noBi^cxL „Bce 

npHJIHHHO" B'B aHBapBCKOfl H $eBpaJIBCKOfi KHHaCKaX'L „PyccK0fl Mh- 

cjih" h noBicTB ace „HcnoBi;i;HHKH", em,e ne Kon^eHHyio B'B Tpext 
nepBHXi HOicepaxi „BicTHHKa EnponH". HonaTHO, ct> KaKHM'L jik>- 
fiontiTCTBOMx npHHHMaeniLca 3a r. Bo6opHKHHa bi nacToan^ifi mo- 
MeHT-B, Kor;i;a pasjiH^HHa Te^enia Ha^HHaiOTt npoaBJiaTtca Bt Poc- 
ciH ch ropas^o 6ojiLmeK) nanpaaceHHOCTLH), q^MT> to 6hjio Bcero 
HicKOJiBKO ji-feTt TOMy Hasaji.'B. Ho qHTaTejieMi, kl coacajiiniK), cKOpo 
OBJia;i;'feBaeT'B pasoHapoBanie, TaKTb KaK-B 06a nocjii^nia npoH3Be^e- 
Hia — B'B oco6eHHOCTH me „HcnoBi^HHKH" — He OTJiH^aiOTca oco6ok) 


104 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

XBBOCThJo H HHTepecoMt. H npH 3T0Mt „Bce npHJiH^flo" Jiy^e bi. 
xy;^o»ecTBeHHOMi OTHOineHiH, ho ;i;obojibho nerjiyfioKO no co;i;ep»a- 
Hiio; ^HcnoBtjiiHHKH" ace aaTporHBaroTt 6ojite cepBesHiig cioacerB, 
HO no o6pa6oTEi THnost h nojiosenift yciynaioT'b o6HaHHMi sen^aMt 

r. Bo6opHKHHa, KOTOpOMy, KaKB H3B1&CTH0, HeJIB3Jr OTKasaTB B% 
HCKyCHOfi JIHTepaTypHOft TeXHHKt. 

„Bce npHJiH^Ho" H3o6paacaerE ^mcTO jiimEjv) flipany bi. o;i;Hoi{ 
H3'b $emioHe6ejiBHLix'b mockobckhxi ceMen, cocToani;eS H3'b Tpoi- 
CTBOHHaro H ^aBHHniHaro coiosa Myaca, ffiOHH h fl;pyra fl;oMa h 
fl;Byxi BspocjiHxi j-feTefi: ctina orb stoto j^pyra, n ;i;09epH oti, 
saKOHHaro Myaca. SasasKa coctoht^ b:b tomi, ^ito cbih-l, nopaj^o^- 
HHfi H j^OBOjiLHO cepLe3HHfi MOJiofl;ofl qejiOBiKt, KOTopoiiy, nopoK), 
6HBajio j^yniHo bi CBoefi „npHJiHqHoft" ceMti, — i^^jihmh rofl;aMH jiiep- 
acameficH na ynoManyTOM^B TpoflcTBOHHOMi coacHxejiLCTBt, hsb^ct- 
HOM'b He TOJiBKO ^jieHaMt caMofl ceMBH, HO H „Bce3 Mockb^", — 

^TO 3T0TI MOJIO^Ofi ^eJlOB^K'h CJIHrnHTB 06hJ1;HW3 OTSHB'B CBoei 

MaTepH OTi offHoro noABHnHBmaro lOHKepa, BHSBraaeTi ero na ^tyajiL 
H paneH-B. HpaBCTBenHwa My^enia nocxpajjiaBmaro ycHJiHBaiOTca en^e 
ero 6e3npecTaHHHMH ;i;yMaMH o CBoeMi nojioacenm h npecjit^iyion^efl 
ero, cjiobho KomMapB, mhcjiIk), yacB ne chhb-jih ohb anTHnaTH^- 
naro OMy spyra ;i;0Ma. Ero ^HSH^ecKoe cxo;iiCTBO cb nocjiifliHHMB, 
CTpacTHoe 6e3noKoflcTBO SToro HejiK)6HMaro hm'b ^ejiOBtKa y H3ro- 
JiOBBa panenaro, 6e3noKoflcTBO, KOHxpacTHpyiomee cb „KoppeKTHHMB" 
y^acxieMB OTi];a, — Bce axo no^TBepac;i;ae!FB hcthhhoctb My^Hxe-iBHoS 
AJia co3HaHia lOHomH rHnoTe3H. A Meac;i;y 3aK0HHHMi> oti],omb h 
OTHiOMB $aKTH^ecKHMi npoHcxo;i;HTTb fl;aace no axoMy noBo;i;y pasro- 
Bopx, H3B KOToparo eme p'fe3qe o6pHCOBHBaeTca ji;BycMBrcjieHHaa poJiB 
rjiaBH ceMeficTBa, KOTopHH yace ;i;aBHO ne tojibko cmotphtb ckbo3b 
najaLBip*! na OTHomeHia Meacji;y acenoS h cbohmb ;^py^OMB, ho ;^aace 
o^OHB ;i;oBOJieHB 8Tofi KOMfiHHaniefi, jinniB 6u cynpyra b'b cbok) oqepe;i> 
saKpBiBajia r.ia3a na ero jik)6obhbm HH3MeHHHa HCTopin, a flipyrB no- 
MorajiB 6bi 6jiaronojiyqiK) ;i;oMa cbohmb KpynnMrnHMB cocToanieM'B. 
H Bce 3T0 npoHcxo;i;HTB KaKB HejiB3H 6ojiie „npHjiH^Ho"; h Bce axo 
npHHHMaeTca 3a n-fe^TO ;i;ojiacHoe, ho^th pyTHHHO-o6H3aTeJiBHoe h 
caMoro MaTepBK), coxpaHHBnieiocH KpacaBHUieio, ^o chxb nopB 6e3- 
pa3;i;tjiBHo BJisi,]i,^iom,ejo cep^ii;eMB cBoero h MyacHnro spyra, h ;i;aace 
SO^epBK), H3B MOJio^BrxB fl;a pannefl h npaKTH^Hofi ;i;iBHii;eio. 

^To KacaeTca j5,o pa3BH3KH, — KOTopaa HHTepecn^e sasasKH h 
^na^HTejiBHO CKpamHBaeTB hob^ctb, aBJiaion^yioca bb na^ajii o^chb 
6aHaJiBHHMB TpaKTOBanieM'B cxaparo-npecTaparo cioaceTa o xyffit, 
aceni h jiH)6oBHHK'fe, — to mh-^ npaBHTca, ^to aBTopi* npHsejEB pasBir- 
paBmyroca ceMeflnyK) flipaMy ne k'b TeaxpajiBHOMy Tparn^ecKOMy 
KOHn;y cb rpoMKHMB cKaHfl;ajiOMB, penojiBBepoMB h npo^HMH nojia- 
raron^HMHca bb 3tomb cjiy^at ysacaMH h CMepTaniH, a kb KOHHiy 
6ojr^G npocTOMy, acHxeflcKOMy, ho^th, ecjiH MoacHo laKB BHpasHTBca, 
H'feTOBOMy. H3B nHTH yTiacTByK)m,HXB BB 3Tofi KOJiJiHsiH j[Hn,B xpoe — 


HAmA TBKymAa acnsHL. 105 

MjacL, acena h ^o^b — ynoTpe6jiffroTii BceB03MoacHLia ycHjiiff, mto6h 
^•fejio KOH^HJiocB MHpHO, H TpexaTQMHaa ceMefiHaff MOJieKyjia, co- 
cxaBJiaromiaa fffl;po xoaaficTBeHHofl ycTofi^HBOCTH Bcero coiosa, .o6jia- 
fl;ajia noupeacneMy fliOCTaTO^iHHMi xemh^gckhmi cpoji;cTBOM'b fliymi, 
anneTHTOBt h MaxepiajiLHHX'B 6jiarB. JtBoe ocTajiBHHXi — ^npyrx 
;i;oMa h ero HesaKOHHHfi chhi — xotSjih 6/j, naoSopoTt, paspymnTB 
npeffiHioK) K0M6HHan,iK), h paapyniHTL KaacAwS no CBoeMy, ho ct toio 
ojuHHaKOBoro n;tJiiH), ^to6h saM'feHHTL ycjioBHyio Jioact npaB;i;ofi h 
BHiniHee npnjiH^ie HCKpeHHOCTBio OTHomeHifl. IIocji^ 6opl6h h bco- 
BOSMoacHHxi noHHTOKt ycTpoHTL T&EBEh HHa^e, , HaH6oji'fee n;eHTpo- 
6ife3KHHfi, HaH6oji'6e npoTecTyB)in;ifi ajieMeHTi — CHHt — KaK-B h no^o- 
daeT-B, BHTtcneHTb hs'b oo^eTania. 

Jtpyri. ;i;0Ma xot^ji^b 6bijio npe^JioacHTB HCKpeHHO Jtio6HMofi hmi 
acenmHHi h CBoeMy CEiny ocHOBaTB na cToponi flacToamyK) ceMBio. 

Ho, BCTp^THBUIHCB CB pifllHTeJIBHHM'B COEpOTHBJEeHieM'B y^iaCTHHKOB'B 

cxaparo $aMHJiBHaro corosa h bh^a, KaKyio Maccy orop^enift, ne- 
npi-JiTHOCTefl, ney^oficTB'B npH^HHHT'B fiojiBinHHCTBy saHHTepecoBan- 
HHXt HOBaii K0M6HHaii;ifl[, OHi OTKasHBaeTca OTi TaKoro js^jlsi nero 
cjiHiEKOMi repoH^ecKaro njiana. H boti, sanyTaHHHfi ysejii OTHonie- 
HiS pa3py6j[eH'B chhom^, KOxopBifi yxo;i;Hxi est, JierajiBHofl combh, 
rji.'fe „Bce npHJiH^Ho", ho He acejiaex'B asHXB h na c^exi Bce 6ojite 
H 6ojrie cxpacxHO j[H)6ain;aro ero oxD;a, a pimaexcfl cyn^ecxBOBaxB 

CBOHM'B C06cXBeHHHMl XpyfljOM'B H tCXB CBOfi C06cXBeHHBlft XJl46'B, 

npoca oxn;a ji;axB eMy noKa jthhib HeaHa^iHxejiBHyK) cyjMiMy Aeneri, 
^xo6h koh^hxb Kypci h nepecxaxB 6hxb napasHxoMi. Anxopii koh- 
^aexi Ha axoMi, cBoe noBi^cxBOBanie, npeja;ocxaBJiffii caMOMy ^nxa- 
xejiK) yra;i;axB, KaKaa acnsHB nofi;i;exi oxheih^ b-b ceMBi, ocBo6oji;te- 
meflcff oxi HecnoKoflnaro ^Jiena. He xpyfl;Ho, Bnpo^eM'B, yra^^axB, 
^To Handojiie c^acxjiHBHMH h jiyiiine cn^BniHMHCK OKaacyxcii yace 
ynoManyxHe BHme xpn KOHcepBaxHBHHe sjieMeHxa, oxeD['B, MaxB h 
saKOHHaa ;i;o^b, xaK'B kslkl fl;pyra fl;oMa 6y;i;exi, B'fipoaxHO, xanyxB 
K'B ynie;i;nieMy CHHy... 

yate B'B npej^^jiax'B noBicxH r. Bo6opHKHHi ne 6e3i HCKyccxBa 
o6pHCOBaji'B xparHKOMH^ecKyio pojiB h cxpa;i;aHiii $aKXH^ecKaro 
oxn,a, Koxoparo Bci 3xh xpoe npeKpacHO yacHBaiomiacflE JiHD[a yBi- 
Hj^eBaiox'B Kaac^oe no CBoeMy He ;i;i^JiaxB cKan^ajia, ne saxisaxB jiomkh 
ycxaHOBHBHiHXCii oxHomeHifi, a, rjiaBHoe, ne npoaBJiaxB qpesM^pnoS 

H pOMaHXH^eCKH-CMiniHOfi JIH)6bH K'B CHHy, KOXOpOMy, MOJIX, 3X0 

TOJiBKO BpefliHxi npH ero BBr3;i;opoBJieHiH. 06pe^B na HaH6ojiBmifl 
My^enia ^leioB'^Ka, npeincxaBjiaiomaro, corjiacno EJiaccH^ecKofi $op- 
Myjit afl;K)JiBxepa, KaKi pasi „HaH6oji'6e cqacxjiHBaro hs'b xpexi." — 
Hji;ea ecjiH ne coBepmeHHO HOBaa, xo h ne coBciM'B saxBaxanHaa. 
3acxaBHXB, ace ero cxpajijaxB ns'B-sa jik)6bh ktb cHHy, KOxoparo, na- 
o6opox'B Kopofinxi 3xa jioacB oxHomeniS h KOxopHfl jlhetb noji;'B 
caMBifl KOHeni'B CMinaex'B qyBCXBO aHXHnaxm na pacnojioaceHie kt* 


[ 


106 PyOCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

CBoeMy OTniy, 3to eme 6ojiie no;i;^epKHBaerB CMimHyio h bi to ace 
BpeMii rjiy6oKO ne^ajiLHyio poJit 3Toro „TpeTi>aro". 

He;i;ypHO TaKHe H3o6paaceH'b r. Bo6opuKHHUM'b toti My^Hxejib- 
HHH jnymeBHHH npomeccB, njiewb KOToparo cmh-b npHxoji;HTt orh 
HeacejiaHiff nojiBBOBaTBca KOM$opTOMi wb nocTpoeHHoft na ji»h h 
qyacofi noMomn ceMti ki OTBpameniK) ot'b acHSHH napasHTa BOo6iii;e. 
Bt aTOMt CMBTCJit ciieHa, b'b KOTopofi Hanix lOHoma HSJiHBaeT'B na- 
xjiHHyBmia na nero hobhui ^yBCTRa CBoeMy snaKOMOMy, He jiHmeHa 
HiKOToparo HCKpeHHsro naxeTHSMa. fl npHBe^y JiHmB o;a;HO m^cto 
HB'B 3Toro pasroBopa {b% 3Tofi i];HTarh naiiHHaeTi SHaKOWHfi namero 
MOJioji;oro ^ejiOBiKa): 

— ...0;^H0 H3T> ;^Byxi>, naBJinKi>: hjiii tm npHBHaeiuL HayKy h ea MtcTO,HjiH 
Tu OTBepraeniL ee... 

— npH leM-b TyTJb HayKa? — ocTaHOBHjn> naBejii>. 

— KaKi> npu HeMi>? Ona ycTaHOBjiHeTi> saROHU pasBiiTiH o6mecTBa. 9to — 
coi^iojiorifl. Hapi^'feiocfc, tu ee He oxpHiiaenib? B-b pasBHTin o6mecTBa Haiit- 
naioTCH saKOHU. Buji-b Kor^a-TO maTpiapxaTb, 6ujia nojiiaHApifl— 6hji0 pa6cTB0, 
OHjiH cpexHeB-feKOBwe ii,exH, h TaKTb Aajite, h TaK-B ^i.aji'fee. H xenepb o6mecTBO 
He Tonnerca na o;i;homt> m^ct^, oho 3BOJiiDnioHDpyeTT>... Bt> hcm-b cctb pasHue 
nepeJKHTKH. Co6cTBeHHOCTi>, npaBO nacji-feACTBa — eme ne OTHCHBnrie npHHn;iiin)i. 
MoHteT-B 6mtb, ohh na;i;yTB; ho nniero Hejibsfl cjif^&Th ojuhhbtb npoTecTOM-B, 
onjHHH'B npnsuBOM'B K-B yHHHTOHteHiio Bcero, HTO He acKeTHiecKift HAeka'B! 

IlaBeji'B npocJiymajTB axy inpa^y c'b nojiysaKpuTUMH rjiasaME. 

— H3BHHH. H Bce aTO 3HaK). He OTBepraio a h BtiBOAOBT* nayKH. Ho pasBi^ 
TO, ^To BO MHi, H B'B coTH-fe, H B-B TucHH'fe jiHHHOCTeft, Ha 3ana;i;']^ H y nacB, 

B03HyUieH0 pe«HMOM'B HCHSHH Ha A&pOBmHHy, Ha HyatOfi Tpy^'B, HJIH XHIHHHHe- 

CTBOH'B, acaac^oft 6apumeS, 6e3CTi)iAHUMH cneKyjiHi^aMH, nacjii^^^cTBeHHUMH npa- 
BaMH, KOTopua ujiopi.aT'B mejionaeB'B a npoxBocTOB'B, pasB^ Bce dTO BosMynienie 
cauo no ce^i tohvc ne momcht-b dBOjiioi^iH o6mecTBa, a? 

— HaAO 3HaTb RaKon! npexo;i;aii;ifi hjih ^^-feacTBHrejiBHO ^^BHraTejibHuft? 

— Th 9Toro o^^HHB He pi^nramB, '63;^okob'b, ho a sHaH), hto Moe BOSMy- 
n;eHie ocHoaaHO ne na B3;^opHOMi> lyBCTB*]^, a Ha npHSHanin ochobhofo saRoaa 
BCHKaro o6aiecTBa: kojeh ne nopa6oTaemi>, to h ne nO'il^mB. Pa3i> tbi o^hh'b 
npo'il^pi.aeniB a nponrpuBaemb Tpy^oBua cothh TLica^'B, tbi npesp'i^HHHU napa^- 
3ht'b! 9to ajieiieHTapHO, ho bot'b aa^iinaiB: 3to «6yKa-a3'B-6a» CTajio h Mean 
FBoajqiTB TOJiBKO B'B HC^aBHee apeHH, ne 6oj[Bnie ro;i;a nasaji;!}... Kor^a bubo;i;'b 
yace nepemeji'B b-b noTpednocTB Aynia. H a 6y;i;y npeapi^HH-i^e nocjit;i;Haro nrpo- 
^nniRH Ha XojijBrHCKOifB CKSJS.OBoa'b annoApoH^, ecjm a y^OBOJiBCTsyiocB tojibro 

OAHHHH CJIOBeCHJUMH UpOTeCTaMHl 

'fea^i.oKOB'L HH^ero ne Boapasaji'B. Oh-b saKypnBaji'B Hoayio nanapocy. 

— Hya«;i,H h^tb, — npo^^ojiacaji'B naBejTB,— hto aTO, KaR^B th Haaaaji'B «une 
palissade» (une lapalissade, r. Bo6opuKBH'B? B. H.), H36nToe o6mee m^cto. Ho 
npeaiAe a Mapajica cb TaRHM'B TopxKecTBOH'B 6e3A^iiBHaiecTBa! 

— Cjhuikom'l yat-B chjebho, 6paTei;'B! 

— HsBHHa! H He 6y;i;y ynoTpedjiaTt chjebhlix'b cjiob'b! HycKaft ataayTB, 
KaK'B xoTaTB, ho HOTaKaTB TaKoS acaann a ne 6y;i;y. SI ne TOjicTOBeo^'B! Henpo- 
TaBJieaia ae npasHaio.. HanpoTHB'B, s^pio, hto 6e8'B npoTHajrema hqhto ne pyx- 
Herb as-B Toro, neMy cjit;i;yeTB pyxayTB (^espajiB, CTp. 41 — 42). 

^^ * 

no^Bo;i;a HTorH o6m;eMy Bne^aTjitHiio OTt noBicTH, HejiLsa ne 
cKasaTB, ^To cana^ 6aHajiBH0CTB cioaceTa, caMaa Bceo6iniHocTB ero 
CHJiBHO 3aTpyji;Hajia bo3mohhoctb BnojEHi y^OBJieTBopHiejiBHaro bh- 


HAIEA TBKyiUAa aCH3HL. 107 

noJiHeHia saAyMaHHaro aBXopoM'B njiana. Bifl;i>, mh HM^eMi. sji^ich 
A^jio HH MHoro HH Majio KaKi ct KJiaccH^ecKoS sa^aqefi ceMeSnofi 
MexaHHEHo „B3aHM0^iScTBiH Tpex'^ Ttjii.". Ckojibko yace pasi, ^ifi- 

CTBHTeJIBHO, paSCMaipHBajICH BO BCeBOSMOaCHHX'B K0M6HHaii;iflXI) BO- 

npocL Myact, acen^ h jD[K)6oBHHKife! H ckojilko mojkho 6ujio 6h 
HaflTH jiHTepaTypHHXt ^pe^eJl;eHTOBI> ji;aace j5,Jisi HtKOTopHxt ycjioac- 
Henifi, KOTopHfl r. Bo6opHKHHi bbo^ht^ b'b CBoe TpaKTOBaHLe yno- 
MSHyTofi sa^a^n! PasBi, nanp., My^HxejiBHHfl HCEaHiii chhom-b cbo- 
ero KpoBHaro po;i;cTBa ne HanoMHHaiOTi tgmh, pasBHToS FiOH-jne- 
MonaccaHOMB bi ero „nLep^ h Hani"? Ct fl;pyro3 CTopoHH, 
r. Eo6opHKHH'B, KOHe^HO, He nieKcnnpt, ^to6h npeBpaTHTL bojc- 
ine6cTB0Mi remajiLHaro TBop^iecTBa ^acTHHfi cjiy^ajfi Bt TuuR^RuflL 
o6me^ej[OB'fe^ecKifi hjih, Kan's npHHSTO roBopHTL, ^b^^hhS" koh- 

$JIHKTl H TaEHMt OGpaSOMt H36i^3KaTI> Hey;i;o6CTBX HOBOS o6pa6oTKH 

^pesBH^afiHO H36HTaro cioHceTa. Bo bchkomx paai r. Bo6ophkhh'b 

SOBOJIBHO HCKyCflOfl OfipiICOBKOft fliifiCTByK)iniHXt JIHI];'B CBOefl fl;paMH 
H KOS-KaKHMH He COBC^M^ 3ai&3^eHHHMH UpieMaMH, Ha KOTOpHe MH 

jKasajiH paHLme, ;i;ocTHrB Toro, ^to ero noBtcxL npo^xeTCAE 6e3'b 
cKyKH, xoxH H He BoaSyj^Hxt bb ^Hxaxejit SHa^inxejiLHaro HHxepeca. 


„B[cnoBtj^HHKH", CKaaajit a, saxporHBaroxt fiojite HHxepecHyio 
xeMy: b'b axoMB npoH3Beji;eHiH r. BoSophkhh-b nHxaexca H3o6pa3HXB 
oji;ho H3t coBpeMeHHHXi xe^eBifl, a HMenHo noxpeSHOcxB HHBoro 
pejiHrio3Haro y5ia:^eHiff, oxBpaii3;aK)iu;aroc5i oxb fiorocjiOBCKaro $op- 
MajiH3Ma H aca^HO Hni;yin,aro cbo6o^bi cob&cxh. JI^i^flcxBHxejiBHO, aa- 
xporHBafl MHMOXOAOM'B aji;enxoBB acxexH^ecKaro ;i;eKaji;eHxcxBa, a ox- 
nacxH H cxopoHHHKOBB „$eMHHHcxcKaro" ;i;BHaceHijr, r. Bo6opHEHH'B 
rjiaBHHMB o6pa30MB pHcyexB pas^iH^HBie xhhh nmiyniHXB BtpBi, Bep- 
6yH)niiHXca[ ne xojibko cpe^n HHxejiJiHreHn;iH, ho h cpejiiH Hapo;i;a. He 
M^^niaexB npn axoMi oxM-fexHXB, qxo B'B H3o6paaceHiH namero aBXopa 
„HcnoBi&ji;HHEH" axofl HOCJii^HeS Kaxeropin nopaacaiox'B cbohmi Kpafine 
cepBesHHMB oxHonieHieM'B k'b BonpocaM'B pejinriosHaro MipoB033pi&Hifl, 
Tor;i;a kslki, jthhib HeMHorie Ma's HHxejiJiHreHxoB'B paBnaioxca cb hhmh 
no HanpaaceHHOCTH axoro HCKanin Bipti, a nteoxopHe h3b Hanfio- 
ji4e CHMnaxH^ELixB npe^cxaBHxejieH HHxejiJiHreHn,iH, bhbo;i;hmhx'b 
r. Bo6opHKHHHM'B, 6epyxB na ce6a pojiB jihhib 3am;HXHHK0Bi npe- 
cjii;i;yeMaro cxana peBHHxejiefi ;a;yxoBHofi hcxhhh h3b Hapoji;a. 

Bhjio 6u HHxepecHO, Bnpo^eMB, anaxB, nacKOJiBKo no;i;Mi^eH- 
Hoe r. BodopHKHHHMB ycHjieHie pejinriosHaro ajieMenxa Moacex'B 
cqnxaxBca 3;ocxaxo^HO xhhh^hbim'b HBjieHieMB coBpeMeHHofi anoxii. 
y HacB BB napojii'fe He 6hjio HHKOrji;a ne^ocxaxKa bx pejiHriosHOMt 
npaBjijOHCKaxejiBcxB'fe. Ho bb 6ojiBniHHCXBife cayiaeBi* oxKas'B otl 
o^HOH xpa3;Hn.iH conpoB03Kji;ajicii npHjiinjeHieMB kb ^pyrofi, — npan^^a, 
roHHMofi, — xpa;ii;Hii,iH. JlnniB b'b HeMHornxi. pan.ionajiHcxH^ecKHX'B xe- 
^eHiffX'B „noKjiOHeHie bb Ayx'fe h hcxhh^" oxo;a;BHrajio na 3aji,HiH 


108 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

HJiaHi pyTHHHHa $opMiii pejiHrio3Haro ydtac^eniH. "?to Ka.caeTcaj^o 
HacToam.aro BpeMenn, to k priori MoacHO, kohg^ho, npejunojioacHTt, 
^To o6iD,ifi KyjEBTypHiift nporpecct cTpaHH, He CMOipa na bck) ero 
My^HTOJiLHyK) MejpeHHOCTB, ycnijii ycHJiHTL b:b Hapo;a;t nponopi^iK) 
Hapoj^Hofi ace HHTejiJiHreHn;iH h, SHa^HTt, npe;i;pacnojioacHJii Hace- 
jienie Kt fiojite acHBOMy aanaTiro BonpocaMH BipH, KOTopa« na hh3- 
mnxt cTynenaxt pasBHTiii asjiaeTca no;i;roTOBJieHieM'B $Hjioco$CKofi 
H Hay^HOH MHCJin. Ho hmghho aceJiaTejiBHO 6hjio 6u snaxL^ nacEOJiBKO 
$aKTH Hamefl acH3HH onpaBjiiHBaioT'B TaKoe • o6ia;ee saKJiioqeHie. 

Haina o6iD,ecTBeHHaa xpoHHKa yKasLiBaeT'B, npaB^a, Ha Koi-Ka- 
Kia SBjieHia, CBH^iiTejiLCTByiomia KaKt 6yfl;T0 o6'b ycHjieHiH npo- 
ii.ecca pejiHrio3Haro HCKania. Bhjio 6h xoponio, oji;HaKO, npoBtpHXL 
pacnpocTpaneHHOCTB aToro npoi^ecca; h ji^^jio qyiKaro CejiJieTpHCTa 
cxBaTHTL ero no BOSMoacnocTH b% nacToameMt SHaqenin, ne npe- 
yBejiH^HBaa h ne npeyMeHtmaa ero chjim. BaMi, juificTBHTejiBHO, 

HOBOJIBHO npHXOJ^HT'B B'B TOJIOBy MHCJIB, ^TO eCJiH Hpy^IjOH-B C^IH- 

Taji'B $paHii,y3CKifl Hapoji;i „rjiy6oKO npaKTHqHHMi»" (eminemment 
pratique), to TaKaa oittHKa MoaceT^ 6htb cj^ijEana pyccKHM'B na- 
6jiH)fl;aTejieM'B no OTHonreHiio Kii pyccKOMy Hapo;i;y. He;i;apoM'B Bt- 
jiHHCKift B'B ctojib ^acTO njHTHpyeMOMi TenepB nncBM* k-b Torojno 
npHBOjijHT'B HapofliHyK) noroBopKy: ro;iiHTca — mojihtbca, He ro^HTca — 
ropniKH HaKpBiBaTB; h bot'b 3afl;a6niBca BonpocoMi, ne H36irHeT'B-jiH 
flami napofli^B, — hmohho 6jiaro;iiapa npaKTH^HOCTH h TpesBOCTE CBoero 
MLimjieHia, — qepe3Tiypi CHjiBnaro yBae^enia npoMeacyTO^HHM'B MOTa- 
$H3H^ecEHMi MipoBOsspinieM'B, H He nepexo;nHT'B-JiH yase oh-b ot^ 
Tpa^i^ioHHHX'B, ^hcto $opMajiBHHX'B npe;i;cTaBjieHifi ki peajiBHOMy 
sWjiajiiy Ha acH3HB h acHsnenHHa sajjja^H. 

OcTaeTca jupyrofi 3JieMeHT'B, sanaTHfi pejiHrio3HHM'B npas^ioHCKa- 
TOJiBCTBOMi; 3T0 — H^^KOTopaa HacTB Hamefi HHTej[jiHreHn,iH. Ho h 
3;i;icB B03HHKaeT'B Bonpoci, KaK'B ;nojiro MoaceT-B npo;niJiHTBca ch- 
ji^tEhe ea, BBipaacaacB cjiOBaMH $hjioco$cko3 annrpaMMBi $eSep- 
6axa, ^B'B KJitTKt Teojiorin", B'B KOTopofl jihuib h MoryTi boshh- 
KaTB BceB03MoacHHa „3araji;KH", Hcqe3aK)ifl,ia TOT^acii ace, KaK'B 
TOJiBKO jiio^H BHXo;a;aT'B Ha npocTopt mnpoKaro Mipa 6oacia. 
HoMHHTe: 

Eathsel findest Du nur im Kafig der Gottesgeiahrtheit; 
Geh in die offene Welt; dann sind Dir alia gelost. 

C-B OfliHOfl CTOpOHH, HafflO HHTeJIJIHreHTHOe COKTaHTCTBO, — CKa- 

aceMi», xoTB 6bi tojictobctbo, — aBJiaeica otiojiockomi. npeacneft 
o6m;ecTBeHHoft peaKn;iB[, h cb npo6yac;i;eHieMi> hshbhx'b nporpeccHB- 
HBixi CHji'B ;i;ojiacHo 6BicTpo oTMepeTB. Ci ;i;pyrofl cTopoHH, oho bi 
djiHSKOM'B i^ojicTB^ ch Heji;aBHHM'B MeTa$H3HiecKHM'B yBjie^ieHieMt, 

KOTOpoe 3aXBaTHJI0, MeaC^y npO^HM'B, qaCTB „pyCCKHX'B yqOHHKOB'B*^ 

H3'B Jiarepa „kphthkob'b". Ho h TyTi., Kaacexca, ;aiHH HCKpenHet 
$opMH — He roBopio, MOj[^Hofi — 3Toro yBJie^ieHia co^tghh. Bei 3th 
„HHTejijiHrH6ej[BH0CTH" H npoqia „rH6ejiBH0CTH" HaB-feanH, noflio6HO 


HAIHA TEKymAa 3KH8HI>. 109 

;n;eKaji;eHTCTBy, 3ana3.HOH EBponoS, KOTopaa MoaceTX saHHMaTBca pas- 

HHMH yTOHHeHHOCTaMH npeCHmeHHOfi MHOrOBiKOBOfi ^HBHJ[H3a^iH, 

Torjca KaKi nacB o6cTynaeTi Tenept n,ijiaa Hama Kpaine cyme- 

CTBeHHHX'B HepimeHHHX'B BOnpOCOBl, Ha^^l KOTOpHMH ^pe;^CTOHT'B 

He Majio-pa6oTH nainefl „kphthk^ npaKTH^ecKaro paayMa". 

Epoiiecct aKHBoro o6mecTBeHHaro TBop^ecTBa nojioacHTi cKopo 
KOHen,t cynpanaTypajiHCTHTiecKOMy npaBji;oHCKaTejii>CTBy BMicxi ct 
HeoKaHTiancKofi MeTa$H3HKoS poMaHTH^ecKHxii lOHomefl bo BKyc^ 
r. BepjuaeBa: Ham ctohti tojibko no^oac^aTt, mro6u ohh BHcnajiHci. 

H OCTaBHJIH 06jiaCTB ^HJIOCO^H^eCKHXl CHOBl pa;i;H Mipa fliifiCTBH- 

tojilhocth. He Mory yfl;epacaTLca, ^to6u He npHBecTH s^ict KCTaxH 
cjiisyiomHX'B coo6pajKeHifl caMoro Kanxa, KOTopHfi cjiobho npoBHju^Ji'B 
CBOHXi MeTa$H3H^ecKHX]^ npoji;ojiffiaTejiefl, ct qyBCTBOM'b pacnpo- 
cTpaH«K)niiHxcJi o„BiqHocTH" H „6e3CMepTHOMi. 3^o6pt", H „HeyBff- 
fliaromefi KpacoTi", h „TpaHcn,eH;nieHTajiBHofi HcTHHi": 

ApHCTOTftttB roBopHTB r;i,i-To: Kor;iia Mti 6oApcTByeMi>, to y nacB ecTt 06- 
lixift BcfeM-B HaM-B MipT>; a Kor;ii;a cnnM-B," to y Kaac;iaro CBofi. Mnt ;r,yMaeTCH, 
qxo CJItI^0BaJI0 6h nepesepHyrfc nocjit;i;Hee nojioHtenie h CKasaTB: ecjin y 
RaHc^aro hsi) pa3JiiBHHHXT» jiio;ii;efi cyuiecTByeTB cBofi codcTBeHHuS Miprb, to 
A0JI3SH0 iipe;n;nojiaraTi>, hto Bci^ ohh rpe3HTT> bo cKk- TaKiiMi> o^pasoMi*, ecjni 
MU Ha6j[K)j^aeM'B B03;i,yfflHMxi» crpoHrejiefi (Luftbaumeister) paajin^HHX'B Mbicjen- 

HUYb MipOBTt) H31» KOTOpUXX KaJRJLUH npecnOKOSHO OOHTaeTX JBniB B1> CB0eMl> 
C06CTBeHH0M1» UVp^^ 3& BUKJIEO'ieHieM'B ;i;pyrHX'B... TO npo TaR0M1> npOTBBOp'i^HiH 

HTB BHA^nift HLi noTepuHMi), noKa dTn rocnopi,a OHHyTCH oti> cbohxT) chobt*. H60 
paa-B OHH, jiiacT-B Bon>, npH;^yTB bi> coBepmenHo 6o;i,pcTByiomee cocToanie, t. e. 
OTKpoK)Ti> rjiaaa ;i;jih Bsopa, ne npoTHBop'i^qamaro pa3cy;i,Ky ^tpyrnjct jijoji,eikj to 
H hhkto n3i> HHXT> HG 6y;i;eTi. bh^'^^tb lero •HH6y;^i>, hto ne hbjihjiocb 6li cb 
oHOBH^^HocTBio H ^ocTOB'i^pHOCTLK) H BC^HTk ;tpyrHH'B, a BB TO fice caMoe BpeMH 
<j[)Hjioco(J>Li CTanyTB o6HTaTb ysce bb odmen-B Mipt... 

HTaKB, SHa^iHTX, Tepn^Hie: noKa ^o6poSHoqH h npiaTHaro cna, 
IT. MHCTH^ecKie H MeTa(|H3HqecKie MeqiaTejin! HacTynaiomifl pa3- 
CBto'b nporoHHT'b BaniH npHspaKH, a j5,e¥), KaK-B H3B'£ctho, j^OBjitexB 
CBoa peajiBHaa, a ne MHCTH^ecKaa „3Jio6a". Bo BCffEOM'b cjiy^at 
nocjii;i;HiiH hob^ctb r. Bo6opHKHHa ocxajiacB 6h HHTepecHHMB na- 

MHTHHKOM'B H3BiCTHHX'B CTpeMJienifl BB HHTeJTJIHreHUiH H CaMOM^B 

HapoiH^, ecjiH 6h „IIcnoBt;i;HHKH" ne rp^innjiH 6ojihmoio TycKjrocTBio 
H3o6pa3KeHiff. P. Bo6opHKHHa yace h^^ckojibko pasB ynpenajiH bt> 

TOWb, ^TO, „JOBSi MOMeHTi", OH'B ^aCTO JIOBHTB erO He CTOJIBKO 

Henocpe^cTBeHHo bb caMoft acH3HH, ckojibko ckbosb npH3My yace pas^ 
yjEOBJieHHBix'B npeccoH) apjieHifi bb ^opM-fe rasexHHXB HOBOCxefi, cy- 
;i;e6HHxi oxqexoB'B h x. h. 9xox'b ynpeKB KpnxHKa Moacex'B bo Bca- 
KOMB cjiyqa^ c^jiaxB no oxHomeniio kb „IIcnoBisHHKaMi", r^-fe 
6ojiBniHHcxBO ffMcxByiomnxB jihu'b ropas^o Mente Ha6jiK)^eH0, ^^m-b 
BH^Hxano aBxopoMB, juaace npocxo BHymeno eMy bc^mi H3BicxHBiMH 
(JaKxaMH Hamefl acH3HH, oxM^^ieHHBiMH rasexHoft h acypnajiBHOft 
xpoHHKOH 3a uocji'fe;i;Hie Mifecan,H. KHHacHOMy, BH^HxannoMy h3b ne- 
«faxH H HaBtHHHOMy neqaxBio xapaKxepy repoeBX. ne bb CHJiax% uo 


110 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

MO^b H ofiHqHaa KOHKpeTHBHpyiomaa Manepa nacaHiH r. Bo6opH- 

KHHa, Ct JIK)60BI>K) H TffliaTeJIBHOCTiH) BHnHCHBaiOmarO BflifflHiff 

^epTBi cBOHxi nepconaacefl h hxi* o6cTaHOBKH: set 3th ^nymncTHa 
picHHii;H" H „6apxaTHCTLie bojioch" Ch „OH;i,yjiHH.iefi" h 6e3t 
OHofi, „CBteie KHTejEH" H „6Hpio30BHe OKOJiHfflH", „rpy;i;HHe ro- 
jioca CL KOHTpajiLTOBHMH HOTaMfl" H TOJioca „KapTaBMe H B3Apa- 
THBaiOD^ie", rajicxyxH, xpocTH, bohthkh, „CTHJii»Hyio" h CTapoiiojii- 
Hyio Me6ejib, h t. ;i;. h ;^o desKOHe^HocTH h t. a;. 

JI,a, Bi cymnocTH, h caMa KHHJKHaa no^roTOBKa^ aBTopa k'b cbo- 
eMy ciOiKeTy 6HJia, o^eBH;i;HO, cjitjiaHa Koe-KaK'B, Ha CKopyio pyKy, 
cK0Jib3HJi^ jiHinB no noBepxHOCTH H y;a;oBJieTBopajiaci» npocTHMH 
cjiOBaMH Bpojiii^ „6aiiTHCTH", „MOJiOKaHH". IlycTb, Hanp., qHTaxejiB 
nonpo6yeTB xoth 6h cocTaBHTb ce6i noHiiTie o pa3HHii;t HuefiHHXx 
H ncHxojiorHqecKHX'b thhobi KaK'B past aTHxt fliByxx ceKTi no 
H3o6paHeHiH) namero „yjiOBHTeJia". ABTopi cjiobho napo^no no^- 
Bepr-L ce6si TaKOMy nejierKOMy SKsaMeny, sacTaBHBi CBonxt hh- 
TejurnreHTOBt no6HBaTL na fl;Byx'B MOJieniaxt cefi^acB ace cji^jhom-l 
H conocTasHB-L TaKHM-L odpasoM'B na KaKoft-HH6yji;L nowioHHHi cxpa- 
HHn,^ ($eBpaJiB, CTp. 540 — 545) * jifi^ pasjiHHHLiJi ceKTanTCKia o6- 

mHHBI. CMto yBtpHTL, ^TO H CaMUft BHHMaTOJILHHfl ^HTaTeJIb HO 

pa36epeTca nyieMi b-l pa3HHn;i ^Byxii npaBjijOHCKaTejiLCTB'B. H, ro- 
Bopa TaKi, a ne y^enaro ipaKTaxa oti aBTopa Tpe6yK), no yEasH- 
Baio HMOHHO na OTcyicTBie xy;a;o3KecTBeHHo cxBa^enHofl oco6eHHOCTH 
;iiByxi» THHOBi peJiHrio3HoS mlicjih. A Meac^y t^ui> aBTopt ni- 
CKOJiBKO pa3i» Iio;^xoAHT•L K'B ycTaHOBJieHiK) aToro pa3JiHqiff, ;i;a TaKB 
H ocTaeTca npn no;i;xofliaxB: „BH6:iiH bb ji;oporoMi» ca^LannoMt nepe- 
njieT^", „qacTHe nepejiHBbi" ^yxoBHHX'b rHMHOB-B h fliaace „^hcto- 
niceHHbiS noniH6i" hxi, ^mojihtbh cbohmh cjiOBaaiH", „pbiaceBaTHfl[ 
6opo;iiKi", „cepbrH b-b yxi", — Bct sth ^OTajin, Kacarontiaca h Toro, 
H j^pyroro coSpania, ycKOJiBsaiOT'B, KOHe^HO, h3'b nanaTH qHTaTeJia. 
A no ^acTH „ji;yniH", BnyTpeHHeS cTopoHH abJX'b pojiiCTBennHxi, no 
Bce Me pasjiHTiuBix'B Teqenifl r. BodopBiEHH'B ^tjiHTca cb naMHBorB 
KaKHMH HafijnojueniaMH. Bne^aTJi-feme otb o^noro co6paHia: 

KocTpoBHH'B cJiymaji'B, nojiy3aKpLiBT> rjiasa. Ero cj[nmROMT> nyrRie Hepsu 
dxa HenpepuBHafl MejiOAin saxBaTHjia. Bt> neS He dujio Hniero yMHUuieHHO- 
MHCTHiecKaro, roBopamaro o6t> nsBicTHOMi* cjiyHCGHm, o pHTyajit h KyjitT-fe. 9to 
^wjia BfacTOHii^aH Hapo;i;Haa n'i^cHfl, b-b KOTopofi sanpocu ffymu to CKop6HOfi, to 
laiomefl yMBpoTBopenifl, npoaBJiHJiHCb b'b nepejiOBarB K0Jie6jiH>imixc}i BByKOB'B 
(cTp. 541;. 

A BOTX Bne^aTJiinie ot-b spyroro: 

9tot'i> BoarjiacB «rocno;i;H» pad^aBajicH cpe^H 6ojibiuofi THmnBU n Bn^HMO 
ji.McTBOBaji'B Ha cjiymaxejieH. B-b nero HayM-B BKJia^biBaji'B bch) cbok) THxyio 
CTpacTB H TpeneTHoe ynoBanie b-b aacTynHHiecTBO Toro, kto yMiapaji'B na KpecT'fe. 
H He OHiio TyTB Toro ynnpamH b-b o;^Hy TOHKy, b-b yienie o 6iaro;!i;aTii, KOTopoe 
KocTpoBHH'B cjiumaji'B BTi ITeTep^ypjT'fe. HoTpedHocTB Ao6pa, ;ii'feflTejiBHoft ;ih)6bb, 
drbA^ •cjiHinajiacb b-b 9thx'b MOJiaTBeHHBTX'B npnawBaxB. TyTTb onHTB-TaKH CRa3£i- 


HAniA TEEyiDiAa aCHSHB. Ill 

sajiCH Hapo^Hufi AJ^*^ nponoB'i^AH noAHiiroB'B HHjiocepAiH n Bcenpoiii,eHiH Cjnum- 
HeMy— Hy»;i;Li rfTb, hto caHuS pnTyaji-B codpanifl ^li;!!} He pyccKaro npoHCXo- 
ac^eHifl (cTp. 545). 

a fliyMaio, axH xapaKTepncTHKH mohho nepeMicTHTL, h 3a hckjiio- 
^eHieMi o;iiHoro-AByxTE» cjiob'b see, ^^mi OTMi^aeTi. r. Bo6opHKHHTb 
MOJiOKaHi., MoaceTt 6htl Bt ero noBicTH npiypo^eno Kt fianxH- 
KJTaMt, H o6paTHO. A Me3K;i;y T^Mt nst-sa ^ero ace nndy^B H3o6pa- 
acaeMHS HMt HayMi OTji^^jiEjica. otl MOJioKancKofi o6mHHH h CTaiji'B 
jjCTapMrnHMi" Bt o6iii;hh^ fianTHCTOBt. 0^eBHji;HO, BHania r. B060- 
pHKHHa no nacTH coBpeMGHHaro ceKxaHTCTBa ne npeBOCXo;iiaTi sna- 
HiS xoTH 6u no^TGHHaro J. JI. Mop3;oBi];eBa, KOTopoMy nejuaBHO 
r-aca flceBH^t npHHyacjiieHa 6Hjia npo^HTaxL KopoTeHLKyio jieKi];iK) 
HacqeTt loacHO-pyccKaro pacKOJia b-b bejs,^ nncBMa b'b „HoBoe 
BpeMH**. CKaacyT'B: r. Bo6opHKHHy Baacno 6ujio noju^epKnyTB ne 
CTOJiBKO pa3HHn.y, CKOJiBKO cxo;i;cTBO paaJEH^HHXi. BH^^OBi* Hapoji;- 
naro npaB^OHCKaxejiBCTBa. Tor;i;a Kii qeMy 9to KponoxjiHBoe bhh- 
CKHBanie ^hcxo BHiniHHX'B fl;exajiefl jUJia pasJiH^eniff HanpaBJieniS, 
^jiHBaiomHxca nofli'B nepoM'B r. Bo6opHKHHa B'B o^ho? 

Ho ^HcnoBt^HHKH", noBxopK), He y^oBjiexBopax-B ^nxaxejia 
H xy^ijoacecxBeHHOK) o6pa6oxKOH) jihii;^. Bjii;i;HHe, ^lyxB-^yxB o^ep^ieH- 
HBie, nepexo^amie oji;hh'b b'b ji;pyroro, Bci 3xh xhhh npaBji;oHCKaxe- 
jieS HH^yxB He 6ojiBnie roBopaxi HHxaxejno, ^^m'b nepBBifi nonaB- 
mifica rasexHBifi ox^exTb npon.ecci KaKHX'B-HHfiyjUiB ceKxanxoBTb. 
Jlyqine o6pHCOBaHBi KaKi pasi. JiHii;a, ne npHHaji;jieacamia kl Kaxe- 
ropiH „HcnoBi&^HHKOB'B*', Hanp., „jiOMaKa"-acxexKa, acena cocxoir- 
^ejiBHaro h „^y^aKOBaxaro" KocxpoBHHa, h ?i;iBHiiia-$eMHHHcxKa, . 
rpa$HHff ByHHHa. To^ho xaKace h naiiooji'fee y^aBinHMHca ;ii;o chx-b 
nopTb MicxaMH noBtcxH jiBJiaioxca cxpaHHn;H, np^MO He oxHocjrni;iffca 
K'B ea xeMi. HasoBy xoxa 6h cxapyio, ho Bi^HoioHyio ncxopiio My- 
qenifl jik)6bh h peBHOcxH, npHKJiio^HBniyioca cb Kocxpobhhhm'b, cjiy- 
^aSno BHjtiBHiHM'B Hoa-fejiyS, KOxopHM-B o6MiHajiHCB yace ynoM^ny- 
xaa „jiOMaKa" h npexeHn;io3HHfi no3X'B-ji;eKafl;eHX'B. noji;oac;i;eMi, Bnpo- 
^BM'B, KOfli];a!.. 

B'B flHBapBCKofl KHHacK^ „PyccEofl Mbicjih" mh^ npHrjianyjiHCB 
jijii He;i;ypHHfl, j^obojibho yjna^HO nonojiHflK)m,ia o;n;Ha ffpyryio Beni;H: 

SI rOBOpK) COBCi^M'B KOpOXeHBKOM'B pa3CEa3I^^& — HJIH eCJIH, XOXHXe, 

jKH3HeHH0H CHieHKi — r. ByHHHa „HoBBiH ro^ii'B" H He6ojiBniOH no- 

BiCXH r. ^HpHKOBa ^POMaH'B B'B KJliXK'fe". 06i OHi HOCBHnieHBI 

OTOJiB Tjacxo 3KcnjiyaxHpyeMoa xenepB — bi> no;i;paacaHie r. Hexony — 
xeM^: H3o6paaceHiK) cipoS xoMHxejiBHo-6y;iiHHqHofl acH3HH 6ojiBniHH- 
CTBa jiio;i;efi. Ho axa acH3HB h b'b axiofl;^^ r. ByHHHa, h b'b hob^cxh 

r. "^HpHKOBa pHCyeXCH B'B XaKOM'B 6e30Xpa^HOM'B CB-fexi, ^XO BH3H- 

Baexi y iinxaxejia npaBcxBeHHyio peaKn;iio h acejianie nocjiaxB ko 
BciM'B ^epx^Mii xi npejiecxH cyni,ecxBOBaHiH, KOxopHMH y;i,OBJiexBO- 
paexca 6ojiBniHHcxBO. H 3a axy BOJiBnyio hjih neBOJiBHyio xeHji;eH- 


112 pyCCKOB BOrATOTBO. 

V 

i^iio pa3CKa30B'B Mu j(0Ji2KHu no6jiaroAapHTL aBTopoBi. JIMctbK" 
lejiBHO, KaKi y Fexe Marn^ecKoe sepKajio nojtasBiBaeT'B $aycTy 
o6pa3i^ npeRpacHMmet seHmHHU^ ?to6h ychjihtl bi> HeMi» trbjbjij 
oacHfliaromeft ero bi djinsKOMt 6yJ^yI^eMl jih)6bh — 

Was seh'ich? Welch ein himmlisch Bild 
Zeigt sich in diesem Zauberspiegel! — 
liebe, leihe mir den schnellsten deiner Flttgel 
Und ftthre mich in ihr Gefild! — 

TaKX cpe;i;HeMy nopH;i;oTiHOMy ^lejiOBiKy, Ha^HHaiomeMy cbok) hchshb, 
jiHTepaTypa ;n;ojiacHa noKasHBaTB, Hao6opoT'B, yacacaiome-nonijiyio Kap- 
THHy ero rpaf^iiymaro, tito6h ot6hti> y nero BcaKyio oxoTy y^acTBO- 
BaTB Bi He6oKonTHTejiBCTBi, HMeHyeMOM'B ^KapBepofl" h cociaB- 
jiaiomeMi. npejiiMeT-B cjia;i;KHxi noacejiamfi ;^iTffMl co CTopoHH yace 
ononiJiHBinHxcfl oti^obx. 9to bi oco6eHHocTH Heo6xo;i;HMO TenepB, 
Korj^a BecB oxpaHHTejiBHHfl (h yMipeHHo-JiH6epajiBHjbifi?) jiarepB 
npnrjianiaeT'B BsanycKH coBpeMeHHyro MOJio^eacB OTfipocHTB bchkisi 
niHpoKiii H 6e3KopHCTHBTa cTpeMJieHiar h 3aHaTBCfl HCKJiioTOTejiBHO no- 
ne^enieM'B o cbogm-b co6cTBeHHOM'B 6jiaronojiy^iH. 

r. ByHHH'B pncyeT'B nawx H;nHjiJiii^ecKyB) KapTHny oji;Horo hb'b 
cnacTJiHBMraHXi MOMeHTOBX Hainefi acH3HH. FepoS ero, cpejunifl cjiy- 
jKamift na acejiisnoft ;noport — ot'b ero Jimi;a h Befl;eTca pascKasi, — 
cjiy^aSno BCipiqaerB hobhS roflix bj^bocm-b ci» aceHofi na ofl;HOMi 
Hsi CBOEXT* xyTopoB'B, Ky^a OH'B 3ateaj['B no nyTH bx neTep6ypr'B 
CB lora... Cn.eHa npejucTaBJineTX „6ojiBinyK) cTapHnnyio KpoBaTB'', a 
BOKpyrt ^apH'^B „MepTBoe MOJi^anie pyccKofi SHMHeS ho^h". JI;*h- 
CTByIO^^iH JiHna, KaKi. yate 6hjio CKasano, saKOHHBie ,,0^** n ^ona**. 
„OHa** npHSKHMaeTcn k% „HeMy", n npnacHMaeTca ^ci Heo6HTiHOE) 
HfeKHOCTBK)". A ,,0^" HacTpoeHi Toace B-B cooTB4cTByK)^^eM'B Toni: 
nonj-fejiyH h juiajror-B, a sax^MTb pasMHmjieHia: 

H H'i^cKOJiBRO pasi) noK&ioBaji'B ee bi^ rjiasa h bojiocli cb toS cnoRofinoS 
n cepAeHHoM jih>6obi»h), KOTopan 6uBaen> tojibko bt* p^^Kiii MHH3rni, n ona 
BHedanno OTS'^THJia mh^^ nopuBncTUHO noi^^jiyiiMH BJUodjieHHoii ;i,^BymRn. IIotomik 
js,03[ro npniKHMajia moh> pyKy kt* CBoefi aarop'i^Bineftcii n^eR*]^. 

— KaR'B xopomo! — nporoBopejia ona co B3aoxohi> n y6^feK;^eHH0. H, noMOJ- 
HaBT>, npe^aBRjia B;^yMiHBo: — J^a, BceTaRn th e;i;[iHCTBeHHEjft 6sb3ki& mh^ lejio- 
b'I^r'b!.. Th HyBCTByenib, hto a jh)6j[io Te6fl? 

H MOJi^a noHcaji'B eft pyRy. 

— KaRT> aTO cjyiHjiocb? — cnpocHJia ona, OTRpuBan rjiasa. — B£ixo;n;Qjia a ne 
jiio6if, »cnBeMT> mu cb To6ofi AypHo, Tu caMB roBopnmb, tto n3i>-3a Henfl tu 
Be;^eini> nonxjioe n x^acejioe cyii^ecTBOBaHic... H, o^HaRo, Bce naii^e mm hjb- 
cTBycM-B, HTO H£i Hy«Hu j^pyrB flipyry. OTKy;i;a bto npHxo^HTB h noHewy 

TOJIbRO BB H'i^ROTOpUH MHHyTU?.. Ct> HOBUBfB TOAOMB, KoCTill — CRasajia OHa, 

cTapaiicb yjii26HyTi>cfl^ n h^crojilko TenjiHXB cjiesB ynajio na hok> py6amRy. 

...H Me^pieHHO TUB.fljan'h ea bojocbt, ;iaBaH noHATB, hto h u.'I&hk) h noknio 
aTB cjie3£i. H BcnoMHHJTb nponiJLiS hobmA toa'b, RoxopuS mm, no o6uRHOBeHiK), 
BCTp-feHajTH B-B IleTepdypr^fe bb RpyacRt M0F3rB cocjiy»HBi^eB'B-«eji^fe3HOji;opo«HH- 

ROBB, XOT^JIB BCnOMBHTB nOSanpOniJIHH n He HOPB H OUATB nOAynaJTB TO, HTO 

lacTO npnxop^BTB niA bb rojiOBy: ro^u cjnBaioTCH bt* ojx,viwb 6e3nopflAOHHBifi a 


\ 

I 


HAIHA TEKyJUAa 3KH3HB. 113 

OAHOo6pa3HK[fi rojiTii nojiHufi c^pux'B cjiyHce6HUX'B AHefi n CKyiHUXi> scyprb- 
(|>iiKcoB'B, yMCTBeHHHH H ;^y[neBHiifl cnoco6HocTn cjia6^H>TB, MejioiHan, no;ii,He- 

BOJIbHail 3SB3HI> BCG 6o]L^e BXOAHTB BT* CBOH HpaBa... H BCnOMHHJI'B, KaRl pOBHO 

ro;^'B TOHy HasaA'B xtena ci> npBTBopHOH) jiio6e3HocTBK) 3a6oTJiJ[acL h xjionoxajia 
o Kaat^^oMi*, KTO, ciHTaacB HainHMi> ;i.pyroMi>, BCTptnaji-B ct naMH HOBoro^HioK) 
HOHB, -RaKi> OHa yjiii^ajiacB H'i^KOTopuM'B H3i> KOJLopjoLTh rocTei! n npe^Jiarajia 
saraAOHHo-MejiaHXOjiBqecKie toctu h K&js.'b iyac;i;a h Henpi^xHa Cujlsl Mwh ohe, 
aTa Hapfl;^Hafl fl,aMa. bt> t^choS neTep6yprcKofi KsapTHpKt (cTp. 109 — 110). 

IIoTOMii cynpyrH B3;n;yMajiH fliaace npofliHCB ho^bh) h, BOSBpa- 
mancB, nonpeacHeMy nacTpoeHLi Hji;HJij[H^ecKH. HobhA fl;iajior'B h 
HOBHfl pasMLimieHia: 

HaKOHeii,i>, Hcena cnpocBJia: 

— A eCJQLB 6ll HH[ OCTajIHCb SJI^'&CB? 
il nOAyMajI-B H 0TBi^THJI1»: 

— A TLi 6Er HC cocKyHHJiacb? 

H RaRik TOjikKo fl CRa3ajrB, hk o6a noqyfiCTBOBajrii, hto He mofjih 6ei bbt- 
3KBTi> 3;!i;^cB H FO^a. yflTB 0TB jLiojs,e&^ 0TB HCHSHH, HHRor^a He BB;n;aTb HH^ero 
^AShTjie dToro CHi^»CHaro nojm, no u^'hauwh ^^hah'b ^ctb h cnaTB ot'b CRyKB... 

603H0HCH0 JIB dTO?.. 

— Ho RaK-B »ie a^^-fecB xcbjih tboh otoi^'b, waTb, 6paTBfl? — cnpocBjia acena. 

— To 6lijih, Ojia, jiH);r,H j^pyroro CRJIa;^a, — CRaaaji-B a thxo. — ^a b ne 6hjio 
B^icB TaRoft rjiyniH b aanycT-femH. Mh B-fe^i;!., b-b cymnocTB, iRBBeMTi b-b nojiy- 
XBROfi cH']^>RH0d nycTLiHi^, rjj.'h tojibro ecTB oasBCBi... H ecjni h hbhuS, b npB- 
TOH'B HHii],ifi, cja6£ifi fl^jxoMTy, KSiK'b B HOjiaraeTca pyccRony nejiOB^Ry, — RaR'B ne 
CTpeMHTbCfl MH-fe R-B STflM-B BceTaRB jiioji.HBiM'B oasBcaM-B? A TaMi), cpe^B SToro 
oasflca, BT. TSMHOTt B T-fecHOTfe neTep6ypra, H-feifB a Mory 6uTh, RaR'B ne 

HHHOBHBROM'B, OTAaiOnXBM'B BCH) CBOH) KBSHB HeJIH)6BM0fi CJLJ}i\6^ B He SHaiOUlBirB, 

jUJiH lero OH-B cymecTByeTB? 

— Ho RaR'B 3Ke 6HTb, KOCTfl? 

— He ;i;yMaTB, — otb'^thji'b a. — Mh jho^b MajeHBHie^ HMa ace Hau'B — jerioH'B... 
(cTp. 104). 

H^HjiJiia EOH^aeTca t^m-b, ^to noyipy pasMaKinie 6hjio cynpyrn 
6epyT'B ffMmHKa h ijiiyTi na cTaHii;iH), TuodhL KaTHTB BO-CBoacH, bt> 
nHTepcKifl jjOasHCB": 

— HoroHflfl, CTcnaH'B, noTporHBafi! OnosAacM'Bl 

A ;^ajieRo Bnepe;i;H yate 6'hm.&3ns TyMaHHue CHjiy9TH Tejierpa(|>Hiiix'B ctoji6ob'b 
b;i;ojib aceji']^3H0fi pi,oporB, n MeJiRifi jreneTB 6y6eH^BROB'B TaR'B meji'B r-b mobm'b 
;i,yHaM'B o 6e3CBa3HoS n deacHucjieHHofi acHSHB, Roxopaa :Kfl,ajL& ueaa. Bnepe;n;fl 
(cTp. 105). 

H BOT'B CxeHaH'B npEBOBHT'B HaC^ OT'B EJllIJlJim npaMeXOHBKO K'B 

HaineS ofiBiiiHoft ^h3hh, b'b totx caMBifi yjOasHCB** 6j]mwiE0& xjio- 

noTHH, KOTopBiS BM-fecTi^ H TaHOTTb HacB TaR'B K'B ce64, 'h Hanoji- 

-naeT'B Hamy ji;yniy om.ymemeM'B qero-TO „6e3CBa3Haro h 6e3CMBicjieH- 

iiaro". Mbi bi „KJiiTKi^", a b% KJiiTKi^ npoHcxo;iiHT'B „poMaH'B", 

TaKOfl ^pOMaHT., KaKOfl TOJIBKO H MOSCeTT* npOHCXO^HTB Bl ^KJli^TKt". 

IlycTB MBI TenepB B'B xy;i;oJKecTBeHHBixi> BJia^^HiaxTE) yace ne r. By- 
HHHa, a r. HnpHKOBa; nycTB ji,i^HCTBie npoHCXO^HT-B ho b'b IleTep- 
6yprfe, Kyj^a mh- ^xajiH na cjiifliyromifi ^ohb „HoBaro ro^a", a b'b 
;iipyroM'B — npoBHHuiajiBHOM'B, noBHji;HMOMy — „oa3Hct"; nycTB Tenepi 

K 4. OTff'ki'B II. 8 


r 


\ 


r 


114 PyCOKOB BOfATCTBO. 

H pascKast Be;i;eTCH He OTt jiHi^a repoa, a repoHHH; nycTt saKOHHHft 
„OHi.** HasHBajica TaMi KocTeio, a sjsjkch npocTO ^MyaceMi" maace 
hes'h oco6aro hmohh, saKOHHaa ace „OHa" 30BeTca yace He Ojieio, a 
SCeneio. Bee ocTajiLHoe HfljerL nonpeacHeMy; Meac;i;y cymecTBOsa- 
uieMt nepBofl ^exw h cyniiecTBOBanieMi BTopofi h^ti* HHKaKofl paa- 
HH^M, KaKt Htrb Meac^y wyMa ^tficTBiaMH h xyji;oacecTBeHHaro 
nepeptiBa: mh Bcen;iJio norpyaceHH, KaKt h ^peay^e, bi „6e3CBff3HyK) 
H 6e3CMbicJieHHyK) acH3Hi»". Ho mh jehhil 6ojiBnie ocTO^epT^jiH ^pyrt 
jipyry, hjih, Toqnie roBopa, Myact yace cTapaeTca npHMHpHTbca c% 
nycTOTOK) cyni;ecTBOBaHia, acena ace npocTO Ha^HflaeTX ne bhhochtl 
CBoero cnyTHHKa acHSHH, h Bt STOMt ^poMant". UpncjiyniaSTecB k-l 
HamHMi pasroBopaift (bi ^pHBe;^eHHofl n,HTaTi fljiajiort na^HHaerL 
MyacB): 

— Tu xo^eniL cRasaTb, hto 6oju>ine ne jao6unih Mesfl? 

— Mn-fe Ka)KeTCH... 

— IloieMy?... Hjih, a xot^j-b csasaTb... 

— He^feiTB Te6H jiooiits... 

— Th jnodarat Koro-HHSy^B ;n;pyroro? 

— Hi^Tb... H aro eme xyace ji,ssi u&cb o6oiix'b... 

— He 3a6y;^i>y hto Hamy «h3hb mu cTpoHjOLn BHi^cTi^. Cjquukoh'b soctoko 
BSBajuiBaTb Ha MeHfl OAHoro Bce 6peMH HaiuHX'B omHdoK'B... H... x&, a csmjoA 

oduKHOBeHHUft HCJIOB'i^R'B, MOB KpUJIhil CujLTS. T^MH RpUJIbilMII, ROTOpUfl BpCMeHHO, 
BO ;iHH lOHOCTB, flfiMTCO. RaS^OHy ^GJIOB'^^Ky H UOTOH'B OTHHHaiOTCfl... G^aCTiinBTt 
TOTB, RTO CyM'bjI'B HC OT^aTb BTBX% KpUJIbeB'B... il HB coxpaHHjii> urhi oRasaxcH 
06lIRH0BeHHi^ftlUHM'I> ma6j[0HH£IH'B HeJOLOBi^KOlfL, HO TH? PaSB^^ TBI CHHTaeiUb ce6fl 

Bume? PasB-fe y tqCh ecTb sth RpHjiba? 

— He 3HaK). Ho y mchh ne yMepio sesame hm^tl bth rpujibh, h h He Mory 
npHBURHyTk Ki> Tofi Rjii^TRi^, ROTopafl HasuBaeTCH Hanied sblvibbmo. noHHMaemB: 
H HBRor;ia He 3a6biBaio, hto a — bi> iul^tr% h bo mh*]^ HHRor^a ne yHnpajio 
jsejiaHie BupBaTBCH hs-b nea. A th — npocTH moid «ecT0R0CTB — th nyBCTByeniB 
ce6H He ^lypHO n see 6ojBmo CTaHOBHmBCH hoxohchm'b Ha ynenaro CKBopi^a... 

— He Ha^O OCROpO^HTB... 

— H MH^ KaaceTCH; hto h th mchh ne jK>6HmB, a TaKi*... npHBHR'B cha^^tb 
B-B RjitTKife B;i;BoeM'B, noTOMy hto 3T0 jfl,o6wke... noMHHmB, Kor;](a a CRasajia, hto 

MH'i^ XOT^JIOCB 6h B'j^pBTB^ HTO MH eil^e J[H)6hM'B jl^pyT'B APyi'A) TH MH% OTB^THJTb 

Ha dTo: «;i;oji»CHO 6htb, th 6epeMeHHa»?... TaR'B th od'BflCHH&'B mok> rpycTB no 
yTpancHHOMy... 

MyacB THXO OTOinejrB b, onycTHBi* rojiOBy, Ha9ajiii> xo;^lTB hs'b ROMHaTH bi* 
ROMHaTy, 6oj[BmHMB Heo6HiHHMB maraMH... Moe cep^i^e sannjio tocroA^ mh^ 
cTajEO majiB dToro nejiOB'i^Ra, acajiB ce6H h majiB Toro, ^t6 Kor^a-TO 6lijio TaRT> 
j,oporo HaM'B o6oBMi> H HTO TeuepB Bcneajio (flHBapb, CTp. 192 — 193). 

H 801*6 „poMaHii Bt KJiiTKt" ycKopaeTi TeMHi. cBoero paa- 
BHTia. Stena, ^to6h H36aBHTLca otb onocTHjE-feBinaro et Myaca h 
HeBOJiLHaro yqacTia Bii npHnaTia rociefi — laKHxt ace ctpHXt nefio- 
KOHTHTejieH, KaK-L H ^eTa Bi „KJ[iTKi" — H xoac^enia bi tocth, pt- 
maeTca nopBaTL cb TOBapnineMi no 3aKJiK)qeHiio, a ^Jia SToro na- 
jEHraext na ce6a, ^to ona jnodHTt Koro-xo. MyacB, KaKt h no;iio- 
eaext o6Hxaxejiio ctparo 6y^H Hanaro iiapcxBa, aaMWKaexca bi „Kop- 
peKXHoe** He^OJ^OBaHie, corjiamaexca, noacajiyfl, oxnycxHXB aceny, ho 
yacfc HH 3a qxo HO xo^ex'B ox;i;axB efl.MajieHBKyK) fflo^B. A i^Mii BpeMeneM'B 


HAIHA IESyiIi;Afl aCHSHB. \115 

OHi nonpeJKHeMy npHHHMaeTi TaKHxi. Ke, KaKt caMt, cKy^aiomnxi 
rocTeS, Hrpaeii cl hhmh ji^jia. pasBjEe^eHia Bii KapTH h saKycHBaeTi, 
H3BHHaeTCH 3a cHCTeMaTH^ecKoe OTcyxcTBie aceHH h 06'BacHaeT'B ea 
noBe;i;eHie 6ojit3HiK), HaKOHei];^, yxHTpaeTca b'b nLSHOM'B BHfl;i 3a- 
KOHHO H3HacHJioBaTL B03HeHaBEji;iBi[iyK) ero aceny, KOTopaa BCKopt 
yxo^HTt, ^to6h yMepeiL — HtcKOJiLKO MejioflipaMaxH^Ho — oti ^axoTKH, 
„npHCJiyiiiHBaacL Kt nionoTy ;i;o3K;i;a h syMaa, ^to aio no;n;jiaa cKyKa 
^H3HH pa3CKa3HBaeT'B jHo^aMi MOH ci^peHBKiS H yHHjiHS poMasi, 
^esx jik)6bh h repoes'B" (cip. 222). Ho, h ocTaBJiaa bi cTopost h 
Ha OTBiTCTBeHHocTH aBTopa axy 3aKja[K)^HTejii>HyK) Mejio;a;paMy, KaKX 
BceTaKH He BocKJiHKHyTB: ^TO 3a cjiaBHoe cymecTBOBanie cpeji;Haro 
pocciffHHHa! "^To 3a pa^yacHMH nepcneKTHBH pa3BepT£iBaK)Tca nepeflii 

T^MH MOJIOfl;HMH JHO^BMH, KOTOpwe He XOTflETl yBJieKaTBC^ paSHHMH 

^mnpoKHMH MeqianiffMH" h 6jiaropa3yMHO roTOBSTca Ki thxhm'b pa- 
jilocTJiM'B cpe;iiHefl acH3HH!.. 


IlaTH^ecaTHJiiTie CMepin Torojia: BH3Bajio, KpoMi MHoro^HCJieH- 
HHxi> npas^HOBanifl ero naMSTH, — HCXo;i;flni;HX'B 3aiiacTyio ot-b 3aK0H- 

HMX-B ;fl.'feTeH HM-B ace OCMtaHHHX'B CKB03HHK0BI. - JtMyxaHOBCKHXl., 

HosffpeEHx-B H ^H^HKOBHxi, — paflji H3;i;aHiS ero co^mneHifi h Maccy 
acypHajiBHHX'B H raseTHBixi cxaTefl. Bi jieacani;HX'B npefl;o mhok) 
KHHfeKax'B acypnajioB'B Hanfiojiie HHTepecHOH) MH-fe noKasajiacB ji;aJieKo 
•eniie He KOHqeHHaa CTaiBs r. H. KoTjiapeBCKaro „HHK0Jia3 BacHjiBe- 
BKHi ForoJiB" (1829 — 1842 rr.), KOTopaa 3aHHMae'rB yace Tpn nep- 
Bue HOMepa ^Mipa Boacia" 3a dTOTh rojiji h CTaBHTX ce6i& ^BoaKyio 

Bo-nepBurb, BoscxaHOBHTb cb bo3moh<ho& nojiHOTofi HCTopiio ncnx]3HecKnxi» 
^BHJKeHid 3Tofi 3ara;i,oiHOH jijum xy;i;o»CHi3Ka h, bo-btoplizi>^ H3CJ[i^A0BaTi> 6ojvkQ 
nofl,^o6uo TO cooTHomeme, KaRoe cymecTByeTi* uesujij nponsBeAeHiHMn Forojifl h 
-coBpeuieHHofi, euy A'^ficTBnTejibHOCTkH), a TaKHte h Ty BaaBMHyio CBHSb^ KOTopaii 
o6'Be;i;HHiieTi» ero TBop'iecTBO cb TBopiecTBOMTb npeAinecTBOBaBniHx^ h cospeMeH- 
,HK[XT> eiiy nncaTejiefi (flHsapb, cTp. 2). 

r. KoTjiapeBCKifi 3aKaK)qHJi'B cBoe H3Cjiifl;oBaHie bx paMKH 1829 — 


1842 ro;niOB'B, KaK'B nepio^a codcTseHHO-xy^oacecTBeHHaro TBop^ecTBa 
Forojia, sapani^e ycipanaa H3'b CBoeS CTaTBH pa3CM0Tptaie Forojia — 
MopajiHCTa H HHcaTejia no o6H^ecTBeHHHM^b Bonpocaisii.. UoKa r. Kot- 
-jiapeBCKifi ycn^jiB nepe6paTB pasjin^HBia BJiiaHia npapo^H h cpefliti 
Ha lOHaro Torojia, saKaH^HBaa aTOTi ncHxojiorH^ecKH - o6n];ecTBeH- 
HBifl o63op'B MOMeHTOMi) HoaBJieHia B'B CBiT-B ^Be^epoB'B Ha xyTopi^ 
JtHKaHBKH", Kor^a ^yqeHH^ecKie ro;a,Bi" xyji;oacecTBeHHaro renia, no 
ero MHiniK), saBepniHJiHCB (aHBapB). SaT'feji'B ^ajit naM'B KapTHHy co- 
cToaaia jiHTepaTypH h kphthkh HaEanyH^ BHCTynjieHia Torojia hm 
nncaxejiBCKoe nonpHme cb niijiBH) Haji;jieacantHM'B o6pa30M'B oi^iHHTh 
nepBoe xy^ijoacecTBeHHoe npoHSBe^enie nonaro lajiaHTa ($eBpajii> 
H Mapx'B). 9Ta BTopaa nacTB eni,e ne Kon^eHa; 3a to npe^BapHxeaB- 

8* 




116 PyCCKOB BOrATOTBO. 

Haa, TaKTb cKasaTb, ncHxojioriff Torojia yace ofipHcoBana r. KoTJiapeB- 
cKHMt, H no noBOAy ea MOffiHO CfljijiaTB H^CKOJiLKO saM^qaHifl. 

IIpeTOe Bcero, KOHe^HO, Bt nefl Hmeint OTBtxa na ctojilko yace 
past no;]^HHMaBmiflca Bonpoct o BUBeAeniH xy;i;oacecTBeHflofl hh;i;hbh- 
;i;yajibHOCTH Torojia — h HH;i;iiBHji;yajii>HOCTH reHiajiLHofi — h31> CBoficTB'E 
ero xapaKTepa, HSt CKJia;i;a ero naTypu, hb'b nepBHXt sne^aTJi'feHiH 
ero ;ntTCTBa h iohocth. T. KoxjiapeBCKifl ;a;o6pocoBtcTHO h yM-fejio 
xoTH, M03KeTi> 6hti>, h He 6e3'h j^JiHHHOTt H noBTopenifi — cofipajit 
BoefliHHO pasjiHqHMii ^epTM yMCTBenHofi $H3ioHOMiH Forojia. Ho, npH- 
CMaipHBaacB k:b axony B03co3fl;aHHOMy r. KoijiapeBCKHMi o6pa3y,. 
BBi He Moaceie ne nopaffiaTbca HecooTB^TCTBieM'B MeH;i,y ero ne oqent 
KpynHHMH oco6eHHOCTaMH (a roBopio o BHimneMi Bne^axjiiHiH) k 
yfliHBHTejiLHOfl rpaH;i;io3HOCTBio jiy^rnHXt TBopenift Torojia. 9to ne- 
cooTBtTCTBie aBTopa H ero npoH3Be;^eHifl, pa6oTHHKa h npofl;yKTa, co- 
3AaTej[a h co3ji;aHia ne nepecTaeTt rjiySoKo saHHuaTt Bact, ct ke- 
KOH) 6h TmaTejibHOCTLK) BH HH nepe6HpajiH oji;Hy sa fl,pyroK) h hh 
KOM6HHHpoBajiH ppynnaMH qepTH rorojieBCKofl HHAHBHji;yajiLHOCTE 
Bi H3o6paaceHiH r. KoxjiapeBCKaro. 

fl, KOHe^HO, He ciaBJiK) 3Toro Bt ynpeK'B aBTopy, CTapasnieMycH, 
KaK'B yace cKa3aH0, ct 6ojiBmoK) j^o6pocoBtcTHOCTBK) yTHJiHSHpoBaxt 
HMtionUftca Maxepiajix. Ho HejiL3a ne KOHCTaxnpoBaxB ynoManyxaro 
omyn^enia HecooxB^xcxBia, a, KOHCxaxnpoBaB'L, He 3a;i;axi>ca Bonpo- 
coMi, q^Mi odtacnaexca axa HenponopnioHajiBHOCxt Mes^ty caMHMt 
TorojieM'B h xBopeniaMH. T. KoxjiapeBCKifi roBopHXTb, nanp., ^ixo To- 
rojiB yace ct caararo paHHaro Bospacxa jioji:KeHi 6uji% o6jia;i;axi» 
„cjiokhok) ncHXH^ecKOH) opraHH3aii,ieK)". 9xoMy JierKO noBtpnxB ^^ase 
a priori, snaa, KaKHM'B HecpaBHeHHUMt xyAOffi;HHKOMX> 6ujny TBopen.i 
„MepxBHxx» ji;yni'B" h „PeBH3opa". Bt .^eM-B, o^HaKO, BHpaffiajiact 
3xa ^cjioacHOcxB"? H boxi., Korfl,a Ha^HHaemt npHrjia;i.HBaTi>ca ki^ 
ajieMenxaM'b 3xofi cjioamocxH, npe;iinojiaraeMoe yMCXBennoe Bejiame 
jiH^HOcxH Forojia pascHnaexca na oxA^JEBHua oco6eHHOcxH, npaBO 
ace, He iipe;i;cxaBJiaiomia HH^ero Kpafine 3Kcxpaopji;HHapHaro. 

npeac;i;e Bcero, ^epxa „HCKaxejia npaB;i;Bi**, Koxopyio r. Koxjia- 
peBCKifl BBijiiBHraext na o^ohl BH^Hoe Mtcxo b% xapaKxepncxEKi^ To- 
rojia, He oco6eHHO HH;i;flBHji;yajiBHa, ne oco6eHHO xapaKxepnsyerB 
3xoro reniajiBHaro xyji;oacHHKa yace noxoMy, ^xo, KaE'B coBepnieHHa 
cnpaBe;i;jiHBO saMt^aexx. c^mx. r. KoxjiapeBCKifl, bx, 3xoiix> oxHonieHiH 
ForojiB JiHniB „^jLeu% xofi y h^-cl ^obojibho pacnpocxpaneHHofl ccmlr 
MopajiHcxoB'b oxi poacji;eHia, ^jia KOxopHxt acHSHB — pajij'B noBOAOBt 
xep3axB CBOK) Ayniy pa3HHMH xpy;i;HWMH BonpocaMH" (aHBapt, cxp. 
8). A, KpoMi xoro, no KoeMy MH^Hiio, ToroJiL oieHB ^acxo aBJiaexca — 
xoxa 6ti BX) cBoefi niKOJiBHofi nepenncKi^, Koxopoio 3aHHMaexca sji^^ch 
r. KoxjiapeBCKifl, — HMeHHO He ncKaxejieMX., a pnxopoMi npaB^^a^ 
, HecKJia^HO-HauHni;eHHO pa3BHBaiom.HMi pasHLia HpaBCXBeHHHa xpH- 
BiajiLHOcxH, cx> xfeMX, qxo6H Kx> 3xofi xo;ii;yjiBHoft pexopnKi B;i,pyrt 
iipHji,ijiaxB caMHii np.osaH^ecKiS h npaKXH^iecKifi KOHe^x»: npocLdy 


HAHIA TEKymAff aCH3HB. 117 

Kx a;i;pecaTy HacgeTi. ^eneri, Bemefl hjih KaKoe-HH6yAB ?tpyroe 3kh- 
TeScKoe nopy^ieHie fl,ajieKO ne HSt BOBBHineHHBTX'B. 9Ta ^epxa, KaKt 
MH 3HaeM'L, nopoK) o^eHB pas^paacajia niKOToptix'B 6iorpa$oBi, h 

XpHTHKOBTb TorOJia, 3aCTaBJiaJT HXt 06BHHiITL erO BX $OpMaJII>HOMTE» 

npHTBopcTBi. Torflia KaKi fl;pyri^H3BHHffjiH hjih, no Kpafinefl nipt, 
o6iacH5TjiH Ty 3Ke ^epiy rjiy6oKOio ckphthoctbk) ero xapaKTepa, ero 

HeseJiaHieMt fliijIHTBCil CB JIIOfliBMH CBOHMH Sa^^ymeBEHMH MHCJIffMH. 

9to h sacTaBjiflJio, mojiT), Forojiff na^HHaTB cboh no cyn^ecTBy ^*jio- 
BBiJi HHCBMa HHK^eMHMMH paspjiarojiBCTBOBaHiaMH Ha o6ni;ia tbmh 
TaK'B qTo6H KoppecnoHjueHxaM'B ero He o^eHB nrnSaji'B b'b hocb 

y3K0-yTHJIHTapHLIH CMBICJI'B TaKHXl HOCJiaHifl. Ho npHTBOpCTBO HJIH 

<;HMyjian;iH, KaK'B cKa3aji'B 6h cospeMeEHBifi cnen;iajiHCT'B no synieB- 
BBiM'B eojifenaM'B, BOo6ni;e saM^qajiocB y Forojia; h BH3;yMHBaHie 
joacHHXi MOTHBOB'B ji;McTBiji pafl;H saTymeBBiBaHiji HacTOHni;Hxi. npaK- 
THKOBajiocB HMi ;i;a3Ke no OTHomeniio k'l ji;iflcTBHTej[BHO flioporHM-B 
^My jiiofliHM'B: npHHOMHHTe jinniB co^HHenHyio hmi bt. nncBM-fe k^ 
MaxepH jiB)6oBHyio ncTopiro, KOToporo oh-b xo^eTx odiacHHTB cboio 
4TpaHHyK) H ji^Jia. Hero 6aMoro ho^th HenonaTHyK) nepByio aKCKypciio, 
qyTB ne 6^rcTB0 3a rpaHHUiy. BooSme mh* ;i;yMaeTCff, ^to xapaKTe- 
pncTHKa TorojiH, KaKX ^HCKaiejiH npaBj^H", Hyac?i;ajiacB 6h, no Kpafi- 
flefl Mipi, Bi HiKOTopoMi nepecMOTpi, ecjiH ne orpanniieHiH *). 

He MimaeTi, MoaceTi 6bitb, npH6aBHTB, ^ito cHMyjianiH, xapaK- 
TepHSyioni,aa nncaTejiH, KaK'B ^ejiOB^Ka, ne npenHxcTByeT^ xy^o»e^ 
•TBeHHofl npaBfl.t B'B ero npoH3Befl;eHiax'B, a nopoio ji;aace Hao6opoT'B. 
H6o ecjiH ecTB nHcaxejiH, fl;jiH KOTopHxt nnojint npHJioacHMO H3pe- 
qenie nosTa: 

B/kTh, cepAi^e Tkwb ne ydt^HTCH, 
Hto He OTB cep;i;i^a roBopHTca, 

TO, CB fl;pyrofl CTopoHH, ecTB nHcaxejiH, KOTopBie t^m'b jiyqine h 
TOHBffle MoryT'B onncaTB ^yBCTBO, ^iM'B 6ojite oho ^yaK;n;o hm'b ca- 
MEMi, Him Ha dojiBmeMi pa3CT0HHiH OHH CTOHT'B OT'B Hero, gepnaff 
sjiOMeHTH acTeTH^ecKofi npaBABi ue rs% CBoero cepTO^, a hsx na- 
6jiiofl;eHiH H HCTOJiKOBaniH a$$eKTOB'BsnocTopoHHHX'B jiHi^'B. 9to, h 
syMaK), BemB, nacTOJiBKO HSB^CTHaa B'B o6jiacTH xy;i;oacecTBeHHaro 
TBop^ecTBa, HTO oco6eHHO Ha nefi ocTanaBJiHBaTBCii ne^ero. Jt^Jiaio 
aTO 3aMiHaHie noTOMy, hto bhcokIS peajmBMi rorojiOBCKHX'B npoH3- 
Beffenifi cobm^cthm'b Kai-B cb jinqnofl ncnxojioriefi ncKaxejiH 
npaB^Bi, TaK'B h cb ncnxojioriefi en pnxopa. H mk Menn eme bo- 
npocx, TOHHO-JiH BAOXHOBJiaiomefi My3ofl ForojiH B'B jiynmifi ne- 


*) H BTopoft, dojiisHeHHLift, nepio;i,i» hch3hh Toj;ojlh bph^^'b-jih MOMteT-B cjiy- 
MWTh ;^0Ka3aTejibCTB0Mi> npeo6jiaj^aBiH bi> ji,yxoBBOwh cjsjLSiji,^ Fofojih xaKoro 
«HCKaHifl»: TjTh npocTaa , pejuiriosHOCTL uojioaofo Forojifl npeapaTHJiacb, Ha 
fiOHB^ Ha^JioMaHHofi Ayui6BHofi opraHHsanJH, B'B MyHQxejibHLid npoi^eccB caMo6H- 

^eBaeifl, B'B KOTOpOMlj, OAHaKO^ B-B cyiII,HOCTH CTOJIB Hie MaJIO HpaBCTBCHHarO co- 

nepataniH, KaK'B b-b aiodoft neBpacTeHH'iecKofi idee fixe, npecji'feflyiom.eft 6ojiBHoro 
MejiaHxojuiKd. 




118 pyOGKOK BOrATCTBO. 

piojai'B ero ^^iaxejiBHOCTH, Korji;a nHcaxejiBCTBO, no ero ace cjio- 
BaMi, 6hjio j5,Ji5i Hero „BHCinHM'B fijiaaceHCTBOMt", 6Hjia MopajBHa^ 
HCTHHa, a He 3CTeTHqecKaa npaB;i;a, — hto ^ajieKO ne ojuho h to ace. 
H nodjiEiimisi HCTOJiKOBaHia caMoro Torojiff, Korj^a hbchk'b rpan- 
ji;io3HHfl HCTO^HHK'B ero TBopTiec:jga, HH^iyTB ne MoryTX 6bitb ji;jia 
Hact y6i;^HTejiBHBi: Majio-JiH qero ForojiB bb nocjii;n;cTBiH ne ctojibko 

HCTOJIKOBBLBaJIB, CEOJIBKO HepeTOJIKOBHBaJIl! TaKB BB O^HOMB H3'B 

cbohxb HHceM'B HO HOBOjiiy „MepTBHXB ^yniB", OHB, npHBe3;a bockjih- 
i^anie UyniKHHa, npocjiymapmaro ^Tenie nepBtixi rjiasB sToro 
BejiHKaro npoH3Be;i;eHia: „Boace, KaKB rpycTHa nama Poccia", ny- 
cKaeTca 3afl;HHM'B ^ihcjiom'b bb o6i,ffCHeHie, ^to to 6ujis. ne 3;tflcTBH- 
TeJiBHan Poccia, a jihuib „KappHEaTypa h Moa co6cTBeHHaa bbi- 
fl;yMKa"; a ^to BHjuyMBiBaji'B oh-b noTOMy, BH^HTe-jiH, ^ito ^na^i^jiaji'B^ 
CBOHXB repoeBB, CBepxB hxb co6cTBeHHHXB ra;n;ocTefl, Moeio co6- 
cTBeHHOK) ffpaHBH)", BH^ya CBOH ace nopoKH bb o6pa3i C03ji;aBaeMHXB 
HMB THHOBB. Ho 3T0 CTpaHHoe HCKaHio HpaBCTBeHHaro caMo6H^e- 
Bania nyieMB „BH;n;yMKH" h „KappHKaTypBi", bhochmoA bb thhli, 6hjo,. 
no BceS BipoaTHOCTH, H3MHnijieH0 nosace 6oj[t3HeHHO nacTpoeHHHMB^ 
ForojieMB: kto hphhombhtb, cb KaKoio CTpacTiio BejiHKifi xyji;oacHHKB^ 
BB Jiy^nryio nopy CBoefi ^ij-feaTOJiBHOCTH snaKOMHjica cb jiio^bmh bb pas- 
HKtXB nojioaceniaxB, KaKB ohb co6HpajiB co bc^xb CTopoHB ne tojibko 
ycTHHa, HO H HHCBMeHHHa CB^;i;iHia BceB03MoacHaro po;i;a, kohhjib 
TaKHMB o6pa30MB ii;faHe Bopoxa $aKTH^ecKaro MaTepiajia, kotopbimb 
no3aBH;i;oBajiB 6h jijo6o& $paHD;y3CKiS „flaTypajiHCTB" h jno6iiTeAh 
„^ejiOBi^ecKHXB ;niOKyMeHTOBB", totb, stpoaTHo, corjiacHTca, ^to 
„rpycTHaa Poccia" 6HJia h Pocciefi fl;McTBHTejiBHofi, h ^to Foro- 
jieMB npn nncamH „MepTBHXB j^yniB" pyKOBo;n;HJia ne MopaJiBHaa 
HCTHHa caMofiH^eBania, a xyji;oHecTBeHHaa npaB;i;a. 

Kone^HO, nenaflio noHHMaTB cKa3aHHoe TaKB, oto y Forojra ne 

6hjI0 HHKaKHXB HpaBCTBOHHHXB HJ^eaJIOBB BB TO BpCMa, KOr^a OHB^ 

HHcaJiB „MepTBHa ^yniH" hjih „PeBH3opa". Ero MipoBossp-fenie, 
BipoaTHO, 6bijio TO ace caMoe, ^to BHpa3HjiocB bb jjIIepenHCK-fe** 
HJEH „ABTopcKoft HcHOBi^iiH", jiHfflB 6e3B TixB 6ojii3HeHHHXB npe- 
yBejiH^emfi, KOTopna nopamaiOTB qnTaiejia sthxb Bentefl. Ero pe- 
jiHriosHua, nojiHTHqecKia, coij;iajiBHBia Hji;eH jthdib, TaKB CKasaTB, 
6e3o6pa3HO HsornyjEHCB, BMTanyjiHCB, ckphbhjihcb, a no cyni;ecTBy 
He nepeMiHHJiHCB. Ho, bo BcaKOMB cjiy^at, bth Hjnen, 6HBniia b'b, 
CBoefl yMipeHHofl $opMi npHHaji;jieacHOCTBK) Tor;i;aniHHXB cpe;i;HHX'B 
yM^peHHO o6pa30BaHHBixB H ji;aace ne oco6eHHO pasBHTBixB pyc- 

CKHXB, aTH H;i,eH HO 6hJIH HaCTOJIBKO CHJIBHH, ^T06hL no6i;i;HTB GBOeK> 

TeH^eni^ieio nensM^pHMO 6oji'^e Morydfi xy;i;oacecTBeHHBifi TajraHrt 
aBTopa. H TyTB pi^B H;i;eTB ho ctojibko o 3axBaTaHHofl TenepB bc^mji 
MticjiH npoTHBonojioaceHiH xy^OHHHKa h MMCJinTeJia, ckojibko o 
MHpnoMB coacHTejiBCTBi bb TBopaniefi j^ymi Forojia 3thxb ji^jx^ 
uapajijiejiBHBixB, ne nepeciKaBmHXca CTopoHB ero HH;i;HBHji;yajiBH0CTH. 
UoBH^HMOMy, npoD^eccB xyji;oacecTBeHHaro TBop^ecTBa, npHBO^HBmifi 


(I 


\ 


HAfflA TEKym,AH aCH3HL. 119 

EBTopa Bt cocToanie acTeiH^ecKaro SKCTasa („BHCinaro ojEaateHCTBa"), 
npoHSBo^Hjii Ha ^ymeBHUH Mip-B Torojia fl,4ficTBie, noxoaKee Ha one- 
pai^iio, KaKyio anaMeHHTHS ecxecTBOHcnHTaTeJiL $apaji;eft, 6HBini8 Bt 
TO ace BpeMfl peBH0CTHHMi> nocji'i^oBaTejieM'E oiUHofi H3t caMHXi 

CTpaHEHX-B CeKT-B AHFJliH, npO^i&JIHBaJI'L CB CBOHMH TGOJIOrH^eCKHMH 

B033p^HiHMH, •Kor;i;a npHHHMajica 3a cboh sejiHKOJiinHHe ohhth h 
Hay^HHH o6o6jn<dms, Oh-l He $Hrypajii>HO tojibko, ho h bt. ^4Sctbh- 
TejiBHOCTH saxjionHBaji'B ji;BepB CBoeS MoiejiBHH, Bxoji;a bi coc^^hioio 
jia6opaTopiK). TaK-L h nanit TorojiL OHent Majio,Bi&poaTHO,AyMajii o cbo- 
HXTb pejiHrio3HO-con.iajiBHO-nojiHTHHecKHX'L B3rjiHji;axi, Kor^a pasBepTH- 
Bajii nepoA'B ^HxaTejiaMH rpaH;i;io3HyH) anonero Poccin na py6eaci& SO-xt 
H 40-x'L ro;i;oBi. ^to 6h hh yTBepac;i;aj[H naniH oxpaHHTejiH Hac^eT'B 
coKpoBeHHofl BejiHKoS HCTHHH, yaco, MOJii, nporjiH;n,HBaioni;efi ckbosb 
cosHaHHHa jLOCJi^ H caMHMt TorojieMi HecoBepmencTBa „PeBH3opa" 
H „MepTBHX'B ffymi" h noj^t Koneni'L ero acnsHH jihieb pacB[B^Tniefl 

;n,HBHBIM'B B[BiT0Ml> BT> HHCBMaXl H „HcnOBt;i;H", 3Ty HCTHHy BH Tn],€tTHO 

6y;i;eTe HCKaTB bi 6e3CMepTHLix'B npoH3Be;a,eHiflxi rorojieBCKoS o6m,e- 
CTBeHHofl caTHpH. 3a TO BH Hafi;i;eTe TaMi npaB;i;y xy^oacecTBeHHyio, 
H 3Ta npaB^a — „rpycTHaa Poccia". 

JThhib no3ace, Korfl;a bi cHjiy hjioxo BHflcneHHHX'B ji;o chxt. nopi 
npHHHHi TBopnecKifi anaapaTi Porojia 0Ka3ajicfl paaOHXHM'B, o6ni,ee 
MipoB033p^Hie 6HBniaro reniajiBHaro xyji;oacHHKa Morjio BHpasHTBca 
B-B jiHTepaTypt, h BHpasHTBca ;a;affie b'b 6oJii3HeHHo-npeyBejiH^eHHOH 
$opM^. Ho PorojiB, KaEi co3;a;aTejiB 6e3CMepTHHX'B npoH3Be;i;eHifi, 
Tor;a;a yace yMepi, hjih, KaKi* naHBHO BHpaacaeTCii r. E. Ilocejia- 

HHH'B B'B J\2 57 „M0CK0BCKHX'B Bi^^OMOCTefl", „nyCTB HOrHfiTb TOMl 

„MepTBHXi ^ynit": cnacena ero ji;yma"... Botx-boti!.. *) 

EcTB inpyraa ^lepTa ncHxojioriH ForoJia, KOTopyio no^epKHBaeT-B 
r. KoTjiapeBCKiS: 3to nocToaHHaa mbicjib, conpoBoayi;aBinaa Porojia 

CT) OHOHB paHHHXT) HOpt H ;n;0 MOrHJIH, TOM'B, ^TO OHT> ^eJIOBiKt 

ocoSeHHHH, He KaK'B Bc4; ^to oh^ — „3araja;o^Haa naxypa", KOTopaa 
H ^ojiacna HCKaTB ce6^ oco6aro nyTH, KOTopofi npe^cTOHT-B h^- 
^to Heo6MqHoe, ho KOTopaa ;i;ojiacHa 3a to njiaTHTBca h Heo6BraHHMH 
CTpa;i;aHiaMH, AjOJiacHa nepenocHTB ot-b jiK)ji;e3 naccy HecnpaBe;i;j[HBO- 
CTeS, npespinia h t. ^. O^naKo, Kor;D[a npncMaTpHBaeniBca 6jiHace k'b 
aTHMT. poMaHH^ecKHM'B HJiaHaMi dy^yn^eMi, to caMBiMX onpe^ij'fejieH- 
HMMT. H3'B 3THXI Me^Tanifi OKasHBaeTca acejianie 5,BCTynHTB bt. 


*) Mu AOJi^HU HeycTSHHO noBTopaTb, hto, ecjin ot6pochtl naTOJiorn'iecKyH) 
4)opHy H;i,eH Foroja bo BTopoMi> nepio^i^, to bi> sthtb B3rjia;^axi> Hi^Ti>, b* 
cyEHHOCTH, Hiraero, B03BLiiiiaH)in,arocH nsLjpa ypoBHeiii) o6HKHOBeHHaro MipoBoa- 
sp'^Hifl pyccKHx-B peaKnioHepoB-B. Ecjih nocj[']^;i,Hie cb naeocoMt pacnpocrpa- 

HHIOTCfl «Bi^1H0M'I>»y «npOHIIKHOBeHHOM1>> 3Ha?eHin MUCJieS «nepeiII!CKB»y TO 

^^jiaioTio 3T0, KaK'B pasi Hao^opoTB, jmmb pa^Q Henocpe;i;cTBeHH£ix'i> nojiETnie- 
CRHXB coo6pa»ceHi&, pa;^H peKJiaMBT cBoeS pa3Bajii3Baioin,eficH jiaBo^KH. GTonTT* hb- 
M^nuThcsi coBpeMeHHUM'B pyccKHM-B ycjiOBiflM'B — n BH yBHAHTe, KaK'B odnoBJieH- 
Hofl cTpana 6y;^eT'B Majio roBopHTto «BtHH0cTH» dtaxb ForojieBCKHX'B paacyx- 
;i;eHiH. 


120 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

cjiyacdy rocy^iiapcTBeHHyK)", h tb.kewl nyieM'B „noAHaTL Tpy;!,^, 
BaacHHfi ji^jisi c^acTia rpaacfl;aH'B". Ho HiepecHO, ito ecjiH TorojiL 
OToacecTBjraerb TeopeTH^ecKH rocy^iapcTBeHHyio cjiy»;6y h cjiy- 
aenie o6iii;ecTBy, h eyj^ext oxoacecTBJiflTB bi caMofl „nepenHCKt", 
npErjiamaii na aTOT'B aj^MEHHCTpaTHBHHfi no;Q;BHri bc^X'l h Kaffiji;aro, 
Ha npaKTHKi owh yse b-b caMOM-B naqajii^ cBoefi cJiyate6Hofl j^i^sTejiL- 
HOCTH BB nexepSypr* cmotphtb na cboh saHaTia ropaajiio npome 
H npoaanqnie, cb „qHCTO-MaTepiajiLHofl" tohkh ap^Hia. Oco6aro 
pa3Maxa bi 3thz'b njiaHaxB Bejin^ia, kslwl BH;i;HTe, He 6&ijio. 

O^eHB jiK)6onHTHO eni;e cJiiAyK)ni.ee oOcToaTejifcCTBO, noKasHBaio- 
ni;ee, ^to y Forojia ne 6hjlo BHa^ajii ^aace Toro cipacTHaro cxpeM- 
jieHia KB jiHTepaiypi, KOiopoe xaKB ^acTO xapaKTepHsyexx fiy^y- 
ni;HXB xy;i;03KHHK0BB cjiOBa: bb qncjit njianoBB BejEH^ia y MOJio^oro 
Torojia, fl;tflcxBHxejiBHO, coBepnieHHO oxcyxcxBOBajio acejianie co- 
cxaBHXB ce6i HSBicxHOcxB Ha HHcaxejiBCKOMB nonpHni;i. HncajiB 
OH-B eni;e bb JiHii;ei, necajiB MHoro h oxoxho, coqHHHBB xaMB ;i;aace 
CBoero Hey^a^naro ^FaHca KroxeJibrapxena", Koxoparo owl H3;i;ajiB 
^o;^B qyacHMB HMeneMB no npi^3;i;i bb HnxepB h CKopo nsBajiB h3b 
o6pameHia, nofl;B BJiiaHieMB Hefl,pyacejiio6Hoa kphxhkh. Ho ohb ne 
npH^i^aBajiB cepBesHaro BHaqenia 9xhmb nonnxKaMB; h ;i;aKe, Kor^a 
HHcajiB yace „Beqepa na xyxopi", cMOxpijiB 6ojiBme na hhxb cb 
xo^kh 3piHia „MaxepiajiBHog hojibbh": caMB ohb h ho no;n;o3piBajiB 
BHyxpeHHHXB inocxoHHcxBii CBoero npoH3Be;i;eHia. H jiHxepaxypHHe, 
KaKB H cjiyjKe6HBie njiaHw Torojia, cbo;i;hjihcb, KaKi> BH;i;Hxe, na 
upaKXHKi KB coo6paaceHiaMB ne oco6eHHO BHCOKaro paspa^a. 

Moacex-B 6hxb, h^ckojibko fiojitnie roBopnxB o 6y^ymefi xyjiio- 
acecxBeHHofl chji'6 ForoJia ero npoxHBopi^HBaa h neypaBHOBtoeH- 
Haa Haxypa, ho h xo jthhib nocxojiBKy, nocKOJiBKy Boo6in,e Bipna 
rnnoxesa o 6jih3ocxh hjih, no Kpaflneft Mipt, o6b hsb^cxhomb coot- 
HonieHiH Meac^y remeMX h neHopMajiBHOCxBio. ForojiB, fl,iflcxBHxeaBHO, 
pHcyexca naMB Kpaflne Bne^axjiHxejiBHbiMB cyni;ecxBOMB, bb koxo- 

POMB O^HOBpOMeHHO $yHKAiOHHpyH)XB 60Jl^e HJIH MOH^e HCKJIBOqaiO- 

ni;ie ffpyn jijpyra ncHXH^ecKie $aKxopLi, nanp., o^ohb acHsaa $aH- 
xasia h npoHHi];axejiBHHfl yMB; bb KOXopoMB 3aMi&qaexca qpea- 
Bbi^afiHO 6Hcxpaa CMina Hacxpoenifl: BecejiLa h „rjiy6oKofi M.eJiaH- 
xojiiH CB nepeB^coMB nocJi^^Hefl"; bb KOxopoMB, HaKOHei];B, yacH- 
Baioxca poManxH^ecKifi nopHBB h xpesBaa Ha6jiK)fl;axejiBH0cxB, He- 
acHHa, HO Moryqia cxpeMJienia kb KaKOMy-xo H;i;eajiy h ho^xh Bpos- 
ji;eHHaa, moxho cKasaxB, npaKXHHHOcxB, eaM0JiK)6ie, rpaHHqani;ee cb 
HenpiaxBHMB caMOMH^nieMB, h yHH^iHaceHie nocjife neycnixa, yB^- 
peHHOcxB BB CHiaiB H lorKO HacxynaK)ni,ee oxqaanie. Jtaace HtKo- 
xoptia H3B cBoftcxiB TorojieBCKaro xy;n;oacecTBeHHaro xeMnepaMenxa, 
KoxopHa r. KoxjiapeBCKifi pa3CMaxpHBaexi KaKB ocHOBHHa h ho- 
pasjioacHMHa, CBo;i;a hxb ;i;aace kb pact, — nanp., lOMopB, — npe;ii- 
cxaBjiaioxca mhS npoH3Bo;i;HHMH h jierKO o6x)acHHMHMH HMenno h3b 
cocymecxBOBania bb jijmi Forojia ;a;oBOJiBHO npoxHBonojioacHLixB 


HAHIA TEKymAfl 3KH3HB. 121 

sjieMeHTOBi. TaKt, rorojieBCKifl lOMop'L ecTL, no MoeMj, oco6as $opMa 
HacTpoeHiff, KOTopoio ntiJiKaji ^aHxasia 3aiii;Hm;aeTca OTt pasjiaraio- 
maro anajiHaa TOHKaro VMa: Boo6pameHie KaK'B 6u HSBHHaexwi 
Bi CBOHX'B KanpHsaxt nepe;a;'L TpesBHM'B pa3cy;i,K0Mi h aaS^raeii 
Bnepe^i ero Bospaacenifi, npHHoc^ noKasHHyio bi> bh;i;^ iomophcth- 
^ecKaro oxHOineHiji ki tojilko-^to npo;n;'fejraHHOMy cajiBTOMopTajie. 

HxaKi, BOTi Bce, wro mh MorjiH H3BJie^B bi> cmhcji4 xapaKxe- 
pHCTHKH lOHaro Torojia 231 ;aio6pocoBicTHaro 3Tio;i;a r. KoTJiapeBCKaro. 
CnpaniHBaeTCff xenept, bi KaKofi cxeneHH coBOKynnocxB pascMOxpi^n- 
HHX'B HaMH qepx^ MOffiexi o6'LHCHHXB KOJioccajiLHyK) xy;i;oacecxB6H- 
Hyro j[!ka.TejLhBOCTh oxi];a pyccKaro peajiHSMa h ea BHesannoe h paH- 
Hee npeKpamenie. fl fliyMaio, ^xo ^HxaxejiL corjiacHxca xenept ne 

TOJILKO B-L Xpyji;HOCXH, HO BB np^MOfl HeB03M0aCH0CXH yCXaHOBHXB 

nponopi];ioHajiBHOCXB — KaKt 6bijio cKa3aH0 BHme — MesK^y XBopnoMi 
H ero BGJiHKHMH xBopeHiflMH. B% Hacxoamee BpoMa y nacB ocxajrocB 
cjiHinKOMX) Majio cxporo npoBipeHHtrx'B ji;oKyMeHXOB'B j[,Jisi nepecMOxpa 
axoro Bi BHCineS cxeneHH HHxepecnaro JiHxepaxypHO-KpHXHqecKaro 
npon;ecca: 3% ^ewh cocxoajia ncHXH^ecKaa reniajiBHOcxB Torojia? 
H no^eny ona xaKB CKopo H3caKjia, ycxynnfix* Mifecxo 3ayparji;H0My 
pexopH^ecKOMy pe30HepcxBy, ch ^oJiBraHMt caMOMH^nieMTi pa3BH- 
BaromeMy B3rjiff;i;H, Koxopne 6BrjiH ne xojibko ne opnrHHajiBHHMH b'b 
40-x'B roinaxt, ho noKaaajiHCB 6u oxcxajiHMH ^ase ^Jia Poccin eKa- 
xepHHHHCKoS anoxH? A Meac;!;y xiMi Hcxopia JinxepaxypHofi j^isnejih' 
HOCXH Torojia HBJiaexca o;!;hhmi h3'b caMBixX) JiK)6onHXHHXi> npo- 

ejieM-B HCHXOJIOriH BeJIHKHXTi jno^efi. 

HsBicxHHfi ncHxiaxpii r. H. BaacenoB'B HHxaexcH, npaB;i;a, bi 
cBoefl cxaxBi B'B aHBapBCKofl h ^enpajiBCKofl KHHScEax'B „PyccK0% 
Mhcjih" ocBixHXB CB Hay^HOH xoqKH sp-feniar „Bojii3HB h cMepxB To- 
rojia", cxpeMacB nocxannxB ;i;ynieBHHfl ;n;iarH03X> nncaxejia na ocho- 
BaniH ^Hcxo Jinxepaxypnaro Maxepiajia. Ho, ne roBopa yace o xomi,, 
KaK'B xpy^HO noji;cxaBHXB xo^hhc nay^HHe xepMHHH B'B Heonpe;n;^- 
jieHHHH BHpaacenia o6BiqHaro Ji3BrKa, — h no j^oKyMeHxaM-B, nac^H- 
xHBaioffl.HMX) yace nojiBtea, a KpoM-fe xoro, Henoj[HHMX> h npoxKBopi- 
^HBHMi, — MBi B'B ^taHHOM-B cjiy^a-fe HOJiy^HJiH 6u j^aace npn ycni&ni- 
hom'b pe3yjiBxaxi HSCJi^^^OBaniji jthhib oxb^x-b na Bonpoci o 6ojii3- 

HeHHOM'B COCXOJIHiH ForOJIJI, HO He Ha BOnpOCB nCHXH^eCKHXX) oco- 

6eHH0cxax'B ero xy^oacecxBOHHaro XBop^ecxBa. 

H Boxx, nepe^HXHBaa axo BpeMa Maccy noMajio pa3JiH^HHX'B, 6ojib- 
ineH) ^acxiio yMipenno HHxepecHHxi cxaxefi o Torojii, a coacajitjix, 
^xo y nacB ne naniJiocB qejioBi&Ka, cxojib ace CBifliymaro bx> ecxe- 
cxBeHHBTX'B HayKax'B, CKOJiBKO jiHxepaxypHO o6pa30BaHHaro, hto6h 
na ^acxHOMB, ho nopa3HxejiBHOMX. npHM^pt ForojiH nopaSoxaxB naji^ 
BonpocoMi $H3i0jiorHqecKHX'B ycjioBiax'B pacii;Btxa h yna;i;Ka xy- 
;i;oacecxBeHHofl reniajiBHOCXH. H y Mena ne bhxoa.hx'b h3'b roJiOBM 
uonMXKa Majio HSBicxnaro, ho caMOCxoaxejiBHaro pyccKaro MHCJiHxejia, 
G. BemnaKOBa (ero n.iHHJi'B, o^naKO, hokoAhbih n. JI. JIaBpoBx.), 


122 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

nocTaBHTL Ha Hay^HOMi ocHOBaniH „cpaBHHTeJiLHyK) 6iojioriK) h na- 
TOJioriio y^eHHXi, MHCJiniejiefi h apxHCTOBi". TaKOBO, ji,Mctbw- 
TejitHo, HasBaHie ero nocjiiji;HHro (nocMepTHaro), BHffleji;raaro na $paE- 
iiyacKOM'B asHKi (bx 1899 r.) Tpyj^a, bi KOTopoMi aiOTt aBTop-B 
noJiLsyeTca 6iorpa$iflMH n^KOTopHXi KpynHMniHX'B yqenHxi h jih- 
TepaxopoBi, ^To6iJ onpeji;tJiHTL HopMajiLHHa h 6oji^3eqeeus ycjiOBia 
yMCTBeHHofi pa6oTH H ycTanoBHTL xapaKTepncTHKy h JKHSHeHHyK) 
aBOJiK)B[iK) pasHHXi THHOBt MHCJiHTejiefi. Korfl;a, nanp., HHTaeniB y 
BeniHaEOBa o naTOJiorH^ecKOMt cocToaHinn npeay^eBpeMeHHOMX 6io- 
jrorH^ecKOM'B ynanKi HiKOTopHXi opHrHHajTBHtixt, — CHHTeTOTe- 

CKHXl H $HJIOCO$CKH-o6o6maH)m,HXl» — yMOBl, TO HeBOJLLHO npHxo- 

jUiTh Ha jwh Ham'B TorojiB, KOTopHfi, ecJiH h ne 6his.T> $Hjroco- 
i^owhj TO coBepfflHJii BejiHHafiniifi xyfl,03KecTBeHHHft CHHTest, KaKOH 
TOJiBKO Kor;n;a-JiH6o cyn^ecTBOBaJn btb pyccKoS JiHTepaTypi. H Korji;a 
TorB ace BeniHaKOBT) pejiBe$HO ^o;^^epKHBaeT'B ^aKTi., ^to yna^iiOK'B 
TBop^ecKofl ji;iHTejiBHOCTH renieBi conpoBoac;i;aeTca aa^acTyio jie- 
piofliOMt HeaHa^iHTejiBHHX'B coBepmeHHo 3aypH;i;HHX'B pa6oT'B, Majo 
HanoMHHaH)ni;Hxi nepBOHanajiBHHe BejiHKie Tpy^H, to KaKi* TaKH 
cHOBa He BcnoMHHTB Hamero Torojia, KOTopnA b% 1842 r., t. e. Ha 
TpHwaTB TpeTBeMi roj^y CBoefi schshh, 3aBepniHjiT> i^HKjnb cBoero 
BejiHKaro xyjiioacecTBeHHaro TBop^ecTBa h nocjii^Hie jecsTB jin* 
HHHero He Mori. ji;aTL Poccin (ne roBopn o HeHSBicTHOMi naM'L 
BTE, cym;H0CTH BTopoMi TOM* „MepTBHX'B ^ymi"), KpoM-fe „nepenH- 
ckh" h „B[cnoBi;i;H", cnocofinBtxi BOCXHn];aTB jthhib pasHBix'B Tobo- 
pyxTb-OTpoKOBi H rr. BoJiHHCKHXt? By^eM-B Hafl;i&aTbca, ^to otjibb-b 
MeTa^HSHqecKHXi TeH;i;eHi];ifi h npo6yac^eHie HHTepeca ki nojioacH- 
TejiBHOH HayKt 6yfl;yT'B hm^tb cbohmt, peayjiBTaTOMi, Meac^y npo- 
^HMi, HHOflBJieHie CTporo nay^HOH h BiiicTi^ bhcoko xyji;oas;ecTBeH- 
ho8 6iorpa$iH namero BejiHKaro peajiHCTa. 


YnoMflHy eni;e o Kofl KaKHXT> Bemaxi b'b jreacanpxi npe;i;o mhoh) 
acypHajrax-B. B-b $eBpajiBCKoi KHHacKi „PyccKofi Mhc^h" r. MaMHH'B- 
ChShpjiki ;n;aeTi no^i sarjiaBieMi ^CTapaa pe$opMa" He6oaBinofi, 
HO xapaKTepHHfi paacKaai) h31 acHSHH 6^fl;HHX'B dypcaKOBi, nacToa- 
HUHXi 6ocaKOB'B HaHiero ;a;yxoBHaro cocaoBia, sacTHrHyTHXTb npe- 
odpasoBaTeaBEHMi) mKBaaoMTb, KOTopHfi nponecca bo spoMa oho no 
ceMEHapiaMi Bcefi Poccin, ^OKaTHaca ^o oT^aaeHHoS CnSHpH h 
ocTaBHai noBcio^iiy Maccy acepTBi, noaerniHX'B KocTaMH Ha noa^ 
6paHH ct HOBHMH Tpe6oBafeiaMH npn cTapofi noj^roTOBKi. Bi* nap- 
TOBCKOM-B HOMepi „PyccKofl MHcaH" MoacHO OTM^THTB Ha^aao no- 
BtcTH r-acH A. * JtoxTypoBofl „no Te^eHiro", — HCTopiio ^anpia 
ojijHofi HsainHOH 6apHniHH ojUHOBpeMeHHo ci MarKHMi H acenoaio- 
6HBfciaiT> HHcaTeaoMi* h ct, 6paBLiM'B CTyj^eHTOMi,; h na^aao ace po- 
Mana r. B. fl. CBiTaosa, sajnaBmaroca, noBH;i;HMOMy, niaBio H3o6pa- 

3HTB OOBpeMeHHHfi ajIjBOKaTCKifi H TeaTpaaBHHfi Alipt, XOTa HiCKOaBKO 


HADIA TERy^AH 7BM3Eh. 123 

aara^o^Hoe sarjiasie „TeMHHfi fijiecKi" He noaBOJiaeTi eme CKaaaTt 
ptniHTejiiiHo, orpaHH^HTca jih asTopt saTponyTofi noKa c$epo8 
A'feJiBi^OB'b H doHBHBaHOBt, HJiH nonpo6yeT'B pacmnpHTB cBofi cioaceTi). 
061 aTHX'B jifijTb Bemaxx, — h o noBicTH, H poMani, — mh noroBO- 
pHMi, Kor;i;a 0Hi& fiy^nyn KOH^eHH hjih, no KpaflHeS Mtpi, ji;ocTa- 
TO^HO onpefl,ijiflTCH. 

Bi MapTOBCKOMi HOMep^ „Mipa Boacia" r. Tant Ha6pacHBaeTi» 
pafl.'B He;n;ypHHxt cii;eHOKt Hst cbohxi nyTeBHxx oiepKOB'B „no 
flnoHm". CymecTBOBaflie 6oK'B-o-6oKt h yace HaqaBmeeca BsaHMHoe 
npoHHKHOBeme ;a;Byxi KyjiLiypi, bocto^hoA h 3anafl;Hofl, H3o6pa- 
aseHU aBTopoM'B JierKHMH, ho, KaR^E MH^ RaseeTCH^ b^Phhmh HiTpn- 
xaMH. OcTanaBjiHBaeT'B na ce6i BHEManie h xa CTopona flnoniH, bi> 
KOTopofi aBTopt Haxo^HTt aHajioriK) ci secejiofl h rpaii.io3Hofl 
acH3Hiio fl;peBHaro Mipa. Bhjio 6h, ^iflcxBHTejiBHO, HHTepecHO npo- 
cjii&ji;HTB, HacROJEBRO coBpeMeHHas ^Bbinepifl BOCxo;i;ani;aro cojiHi^a** 
(o^HO Hai) o$$Hi];iajiLHHxi> nasBanm HnoHin) ^'i^ScTBHTejiLHHM'L, a 
He BHinrnHMt tojilho o6pa30Mi onpaB^HBaeTX Bne^aTJi^Hia naniero 

TypHCTa, ROTOpHH rOBOpHT'B OO-L 

BAHJiJnn GeoKpoTa, BHeaanHO npexBopeHHod b'b ^McTBHTejiBHocTb bi> dToft 
saHi^^aTeJiBHOfi crpsiR'k^ r^^ KpafimS boctori) Asin conpmiacaeTCH cb KpafimncB 
9ana;i;oM'B AifepHKn b KQpnHHHue ^&c&p^hi saBO^^OBit BosHHRaioirB -paflfiwh co 
CTaxyflMn Ey^u cpe^H ;^peBHBn» pon^'B, nocBflii](eHHiiixi> Tanma% ji;peMOTk u 
EpacoT^ (cTp. 12); 

H Roxopwfi xapaRxepH3yexii KBapiajiii cxojiHHHaro ropoji;a, HaRi 

yroji'B aHTRHHoft anoxn, o;i;nHaKOBo lyacAufi namnH'B Taxeshnn* ii;hbhjib30- 

BaHHMltrB nOpOKBJkl'B fl KOJUOIBM'B C^^BepHIUfB pe(|);[eKCaM'B COB^CTB. Cnei^B^B- 

Hecidd XH']^jn>HiiB b 6s:fjs,jmBhdk yrapi), ORyruBaiomiS no HonaifB rp^^nmufl 
CTorHU eBponedcKBx^ ctojihi]^i>, s^^cl ne cyii^ecTBOBajii>. He6o 6£iJio cjebhikoii'b 
flCHo, ^pkIh KpacKB cnjieTajiflci* BSfln^HO, Jiflii;a cmotp^jib 6e33a6oTHO, CBii^x'B SBe- 
H-kok cjiHinKOMi} sapasHTejibHO (Ibid.). 

nepe^HXHBaa 3xh cxpoRH pyccKaro nyxeniecxBeHHHRa, a ne- 
BOJiBHO npnnoMHHaji'E Sjiecxamee o6o6maK)ni;ee HSoSpaaceHie xapaR- 
xepa anoHnieBTi xaRHMi H3B'fecxHHM'L yqeHHM'B, RaRi 9jiH3e Porjiio. 
a no3BOjrio ce6* npHBecxH cji4;i;yH)niiyK) i];Hxaxy H3t snaMeHHxaro 
reorpa$a: 

CsOeiO B03;iep»H0CTE>H), jrHHHblM-B ;iOCTOHHCTBOM1>, 'lyBCTBOM'B leCTB, BSaBM- 

HUMi) yBa;KeHieMi> h CBMnaTieu, Macca iinoncKaro Hapo;i;a HecoMH^HHO npeBocxo- 
^UTb HpaBCTBeHHuft ypoBCHB 6ojii>mBHCTBa sana^Haro HacejieHiH: OHa npeBOCxo- 
;^HTT^ uociL'kji^uee h noBBMaHieifB KpacoTu npBpoABi. y caMaro nocjQ[']^;i;HHro Kpe- 
cTbHHBHa HannoHa rjia3a OTRpuru na npejiecTB bjib BejiB?ie nefisaH^eS; Kor^a 
OBTb cTpoBTB CBOH) ^nepeBflHHyio ZHJKBHy, OH-B CTapaexcfl nocTaBBTb ee Ha Po- 
pery TeKynefl bo^^h, no cocfe^cTsy ci> pomero, b'b BB^iy BCJiBKOJcfennaro ropn- 
30HTa, B noHTB Bcer^a oh-b yKparaacTB ee uje-feTaMB, pacnojiojKeHHHMB ct» 6ojit- 
niBifB BKycoMTb. ^a^e 3anpein;eH0 nopTBTt jiaH;i;ma$T'B, cTpoH ^ocTHHH^H Ha 
HenoAxo;D[;flii;eM'B M-fecrfe. B'B Jiyiraee Bpena ro;^a noBcioAy BCTpi'iaemB rpynnu 
xEo;i;efi us'h napo^a, He ctojii>ko najioMHUROB'B, CK0jn>K0 TypBCTOBi)^ KOTopue no- 
ciiu^aH>'i*B M^cTa, Handoji'i^e cahBAui,\Hca CBoeio acBBonscHOCTBH). 


124 PyCCKOB BOrATOTBO. 

B'L MapTOBCKOMX JKG HOMept „Mipa Boacia" mh4 npHrjiaHyjicff, — 
npHrjianyjiCH He ctojilko no BHnojiHeHiio, Hocameiwy cjiiffu HeonwT- 
HocTH H M€Jio;ipaMaTHHHo3 HaHBHOCTH, CKOJiBKO BO saMucjiy, — ne- 
fiojiLBiog paacKaai r-acn KpaHfl,ieBCKofl „Tojilko na ^aci". 9to— 
HCTopia HaqHHaioni,efi nHcaxeJiLHHi^H, Koxopaa npi-fexajia ocMaipH- 
BaTL py^ijEHKi) ct i^-fejiBio 3anacTHCL jiaTepiajiOMi ;i;jiff nHcania h ajja 
6oJiLmefl ^o6pocoB'6cTHOCTH npoBejia nacE — „tojibko ^act" — Ha ji^Ei 
maxTH, B;!;ajiH oti coja[Hn;a h o6HqHofl cyeTHH, cpe^H no^epHijHJXt, 
HCTOMJieHHfcix'B Jiiofl;efl, pa6oTaK)niiHXi> npn cJiaSoMt Mepii;aHiH jiaMno- 
qeKii, cpejiiH rpasH, bohh h TtcHoxH, Bt caMux'L yacacHHxt ne^ie- 
jiOBiHecKHxt noaax'B. nHcaTej[LHHn;a ne Bti;i;epacHBaeT'E, ejie-ejie ^o- 
dnpaeTCH ji;o noBepxHOCTH h bck) cjEt^yioniiyK) ho^l npoBOfl.HTt m» 
My^HxejiiiHOM's KOHiMap^, c6jiHacaa Bne^axji'feHiH cBoero ^aca co BceS 

6e3KOHeqHOft, MOHOXOHHOH aCH3fliH) HJIOXOBI COBpeMeHHOfi n;HBHJIH- 

3an;iH h xmexHO cnpaniHBaa ce6a, „qxo ace ;i;ijiaxL? ^xo?" h KaKt 
ocBo6o;i;HXi> Maccy qyscxByioniiHX'B h cxpafl.aro^HX'B cyni.ecxB'L oxt 
Hx-L KaxopacHofi ;n;ojiH. 

B r. noAapcKiii. 


JlHiepaiypa h acH3HL. 

Eme MaTepiajiH j^iia 6iorpa$iH T. H. ycneecKaro. 


CjiHrnKOMt ji;ecaxt Jifooi xoMy naBajut YcneHCKiS yMept, KaKt 
EHcaxejiB H o6ni;ecxBeHHHfi ;i;iaxejiB, h ji^jisi nero nacxajia flOJiraa, 
MyiHxejiLHaa, nojiHaa cxpamHHX'B BHji.'feHifl ^yxoBHaa ho^l, cl ko- 
poxKHMH npoMeacyxKaMH npocBi^xjreHia, 3% cBoeMi po^i ne Menie 
cxpamHbiMH H My^HxejiLHHMH. Tenept HaB^KH 3aKpHjiHCL 9XH npeKpac- 
HHe cKop6HHe rjia3a. He acajii^XL 6u o6Ti axOM'L Haji;o, a pa;i;oBaxLca, — 
qejTOB^KX) ynoKOHJica. Ho, B-fej^L, HMenno „ynoKOHjica", a ne ycno- 
kohjich; n.'feHOK) schshh Kynjieno npeKpameme cxpa;i;aHifl. H KaKTb hh 

CBLIKJIHCL MBI CTi MHCJILK), ^0 OHt KOHqeHHHH HeJIOBtEt, erO CMepXB 

He Morjia ne y;i;apHXB 6ojibho no cepOTaMX 3HaBniHxi ero jih^ho 
HJiH ji;aace xojilko no ero nHcaniaMT., — 9xo B-fe^L 6hjii „BJiacxHxejiB 
;n;yMx>" CBoero BpeMenH, Kt cjiOBy Koxoparo npncjiyjniHBajiHCB ex 
xpenexHBiMTb BHHMaHieMX>. SaxanyxLie b% BOj^OBopoxt xeKyntHXi 
ji^hjTh, MH cxaJiH ;i;aace 3a6iJBaxB hjih yace 3a6HjiH axoro ^aBHO koh- 
qeHHaro, xoxa enie acHBoro ^ejiosiKa. CMepxB BOCKpenraexi ero, h, 
Moacexx 6bixb, xojibko xenepB nacxajio BpeMa nojinaro noji;cqexa 
xoro, qxo OHX) naMTi ]i,Si,JVh h ^xo mh b'b homi eni;e ;i;ecaxB jiix'B 
xoMy Ha3aA'B noxepajiH. 

KaKi 6y;i;xo h na^HHaexca axoxx noji;cqext... 


JIHTEPATyPA H aKH3HB. 125 

YcneHCKifl OTKasajiCH otl ny6jiHqHaro npasuHOBaHia fl;Ba;^ti;aTH- 
uaTHJiiTHJiro K)6HjieH CBoefi jiHTepaTypHoS fl;taTejiLHOCTH na tom^ 
ocHOBaHiE, iiTO cjioBO „H)6B[jieH" pneMyeT-B ci HenpiaTHHMt cjio- 
BOMi „MaB30JieH". Bi nocji'6;a;Hee BpeMa mh 6hjih o^eHB 6oraTH 
K)6HJiejiMH H, ecjiH He MasBOJieaMH, to noxopoHaMH. B'l bthx-b Top- 
jKecTBeHHHX'B cjiy^ajix'B, HCKpeHHO HjiH jiHi];eMi&pHO, yMHo HJiH rjiyno, 
npaB;i;HBo hjih jiacHBO, roBopsTCfl noxBajiLHHii p^qa; BcnoMHHaiOTCfl 
HJIH BHji;yMHBaK)Tca ji;octoShhh xBajiLi qepxH acH3HH H ;i,^aTejn»HOCTH 
noKofiHHKa HJIH H)6Hj[ffpa. BtiBajoTi, oji;HaKO, HCKJiBoqeHiji. Othoch- 
TejiLHO lofiHJieeB'B HcoioqeHie cocraBjiHeT'B r. AHji;peeBCKiH, EOTopHft 
Bcerji;a yxHTpaeTca CKasaiB H)6HJiapy KaKyH)-HH6y^ HenpiarTHOCTL, 

a OTHOCHTejIBHO nOXOpOHl, . . . TOBOpHJIHCB pi^H H fla MOrHJii 

ycneHCKaro. SI jae cjitixajHi hxi. EaEi 3to hh CTpaHnHM-B noEa- 
aceTca E0My-HH6y;i;B, si 6ujl'l ei neMy TaEi 6j[H30E'b b% acH3HH, ^to 
MHi acyTEO 6hjio 6jih3eo no;n;ofiTH ei toS aMi, Bt EOTopyro ero 
CBBjiHJia cMepTB. Sl He cjiHxaji'B, HO mh4 pa3CEa3HBaj[H. 0;i;HHt opa- 

TOpX rOBOpHJE'B, ^TO HOEOflHHE'B 6hJ1'B PpiniHHE'B H 60Jl43HB eMy 

fiHjia nocjiana cBHHie bo HCEynjieHie rpixoBi. hjih bi. naEasanie sa 
HHX'B... 0! BC^ Bij[jb MH rpifflHHKH; HOJiaraio, opaTopi, TaEi CMijio 
pacnopaacaK)iii,ifica bhchihmh BejiiniffMH, He 6e3'B rp^xa Toace, h 
6jiaro eMy, ecjiH na ero ji;ynit inane b^boo 6ojiBnie rpfixoB'B, 
g^M-B Ha js^jmi ycnencEaro... Spyrofi opaiopx CEa3aji'B npH6jiH3H- 
TejiBHO cjiiji,yK)ni,ee: TajiaHT'B ycnencEaro Shji'b He BHme cpefl;HHro, 
HO ero HCEpeHHOCTB H iiyTEOCTB H T. ;fl;. 9toti ;ipyrofi opaTop'B 
^HJi-B H3BicTBHfi 6H6jiiorpa$'B Ji;. n. CHJiB^eBCEiS. O^eHB HO^Ten- 
HHH 6H6jiiorpa(|>t, ho esiy ne M^inaeT^ HHorfl;a bchomhhtb cJiosa, 
CEasaHHHH BejiHEHMi xyj^oacHHEOM-B xopomoMy canoacHHEy: ne sutor 
supra crepidam. H^^ceojibeo 6ojite noHHMaioiiiiifl b% bthx'b Bemax'B 
B. r. KopoJieHEO Bi EpaTEofi pi^iH, cEasaHHofi B'L 3ac^ji,aHiH noji- 
TaBCEaro My3BiEajiBHO-ji;paMaTHHecEaro EpyacEa, BHpasnjicH Tas'Bi 
jjBx MorHJiy conxejn EpynHHS, — no MoeMy MH-feniio, — BOJiHEifl Ta- 
jiaHTi". Jl^a, aTO 6wji'b BejiHEifl Tajiani^, h ;i;aace r. CnjiB^eBCEig 
nonHMajiTb 6bi 3to, ecjiH 6bi ho nec^acTHBia ycjiOBia Bcefi 3KH3hh 
ycneHCKaro, 6jiaro;a,apH EOTopHMi btoti BeJiHEifi TajiaHT'B aBJiHJica 

B% HCTepsaHHOMTb BHJl,^... 

Bte* raseTaxi), ctojih^hbix-b h npoBHHn.iajiBHBiX'B, hohbhjiocb mho- 
acecTBO HeEpoJioroBTb, CTaTeS, saM^TOEi, BOcnoMHHajHiH o hoeoAhom'b. 
Dee BTO noKa o^eHB 6'ferjio h otplibo^ho, ho, Haji;o Haa^HTBca, 6y- 
ji.eT'B o6pa6oTaHo, ^ohojihoho, npHBe^eno b% nopaj^oEi,. Tojibeo a 
coB^TOBaji'B 6bi TOMy, ETO .B03BMeTT> Ha ce6a 3Ty o6pa6oTEy, ne 
oqeHB ;i;0BtpaTB STOMy raseTHOMy MaTepiajiy. Bt cocTaB^ ero octb Beni,H 
oqeHB HHTepecHBia h n.'feHHHa, ho ecTB h MHoro B3;n;opa, jiiaace ;i;o 
-cTpaHHOCTH nomjiaro h necoTBtTCTByiomaro hh npocToS $aETHMecEofi 

JICTHHi, HH ;i;OCTOHHCTBy TOJIBEO ^TO SapBITarO B'L SOMJIK) HHcaTejia. 

HanpHM'ip'B, bt> o^hoh rasoTi paBCEasani) TaEoS aHeE;!;oT'B. KpaMCEoS 
HaHHcajiT. HopTpeTt ycnencEaro. BucTaBEy, na EOTopoS noannjica 


I 


126 pyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

dTOTh nopTpeTt, noc^THJi'B H TjA6'b HBanoBH^t. 3ji,iGh Kt neMy 
no;i;oineji'B KaKofl-TO boj^o^hhS 3aB0ji;qHKi, C. h, OTpeKOMenfliOBaBinHCB 
^ojiLfflEMt no^HTaieJieM'B ero npoHSBe^enifl, saaBHJi'E, hto oni tojibko 
iTO KynHJit ero nopTpeTi. Kor;i;a YcneHCKia yanaji'B, ct> K-feMi oh^ 
HMieTB ffijio, OHt cnpocHji'E 3aB0fl;qHKa-Men;eHaTa, r^i OHt Bt cbok) 
OHepeji;B MomeTt KynHTt ero nopTpeTi, xoxa 6u ^oxorpa^H'iecKifi. 
ToTi yinHBHJica: „qTO 9to Basit BainyMajiocL?** — „JI|a a toko 6ojil- 
fflofi noHHTaxejiL Bamnxt npoH3Be;i;eHifl", — OTBi^aji'B YcneHCKifi. 
CojB 3Toro aHeKfl;oTa saoioqaeTcii Bt HaMBK* na 3JioynoTpe6jieHie 
noKoflnaro nncaxejia cnHpxHHMH nannxKaMH, o KoxopoMi a yace ro- 
BopHjix B'B npomjiHH pasi.. Ho coHHHHxejiL aneK^oxa oqeBH;n;HO ne 
HM'feeri noHaxia o ji;yxoBHOM'B o6jiHKt YcneHCKaro, ecJiH npeji;nojia- 
raex-B BOSMoacHHMi fl;j[a Hero xaKoe noinjioe ocxpoyMie, ^a eme bi 
fiecfefl,* ch HesHaKOMHMt qejiOBiKOMt. npH xoMi ace o6cxaHOBKa aneK- 
;i;oxa cnjioniHofi BS^opt: e^iHHcxBeHHLifl nopxpexTb YcneHCKaro, 6BiBmi8 
Ha BHcxaBKt, HHcaHt He KpaMCKHMt, a flponieHKOMt, h ne Bo;^o?- 
hhS saBOjij^HRt C. KynHJit ero, a HSBi^cxnaa xaptKOBCKaa ;i;^axejiL- 
HHHia no Hapo;a;HOMy o6pa30BaHiio X. Jl Aji^eBCKaa. 

Ho no;i;o6HHe aHeK;i;oxH eme cl nojia-ropa, -7- bi hex-b paso- 
6paxBca ne xpyjiiHO. Fopas^^o xyace npocKajiB3HBaK)in,ia B'B rasexaxi* 
HapeKania na peji;aKii,iH nepioj^n^ecKHxt H3;i;aHifi, bi KOxopLix-B pa- 
^oxaji-B YcneHCKifi, na jiHxepaxypHHfi ^oHj^t, Ha ;n;py3e3 noKoflHaro, 
ox^acxH Ha ceMBio, Koxopne 6y;n;xo 6h 6lijih, MarKo Bwpaacaacb, 
He^ocxaxo^HO BHHMaxejrtHH ki HOMy. Xyace 8xh napeKania BTb ji;bo- 
^TKOMt oxHOffleniH. Bo-nepBHXT., ohh saxymeBtiBaroxt xy axMOc$epy 
rjiy6oKaro yBaacenia h HCKpeHHtflnieg jik)6bh, Koxopyio ycnencKifi 
yM'feji'B, BOBce, Bnpo^eMX, 061 axoMt ne ^yMaa, co3ji;aBaxB okojio 
ce6a H KaKt nncaxejiB, h KaKt ^ejiOBiKt (mh, ero npiaxejiH, ^acTO 
HiyxHjiH Ha xeMy „rjri&6X)-rBap;i;iH"). Bo-BXopHxi, ne xpy^HO npo- 
B^pHXB, 6ui'h'jm Kor^?-HH6y;ii;L na BHCxaBKi nopxpexi ycneHCKaro 
pa6oxH KpaMCKoro h 6Lij[t-jiH OHt KynjieH-B bojuo^ihhmT) 3aB0?i;qH- 
KOM-B C; HO BOBce He xaK-B JierKO roBopnxB ;n;eHeacHofl hjih KaKoft 
^lipyrofl noMoni;H snaMennxoMy nncaxeJiK). fl BHHyac^eH'B, o;a;HaKO, 
cKaaaxB 061 axoMi h^ckojibko cjiobb. 

fl He 3HaK) ycjioBifl, na Koxoptixi ycneHCKift npo^aji-B H3;i;aHie 
CBOHXt co^HHemft H. M. CH6HpaK0By h hoxomi. *. $. HaBJienKOBy 
(a^xaKffie h npeacHHM'B H3;i;axejiaM'B, BasynoBy h ;i;p.). T. e. a, no- 
acajiyfl, h susho hx-b, MHoro pasB cjiHrnajiB oxt nero caMoro, ho hh- 
Korjta He mofb ypasyM^XB. Boo6ni;e, My;!;peHO 6hjio ypasyMixB ero 
^HHancoBHe njiaHH. He CMoxpa na HeycxaHHyBO pa6oxy h xopomifi 
roHopapt (wb „OxeqecxBeHHHXB BanncKaxi" BHcmifi, KaKofi xojibko 
HJiaxHJica acypHajiOMt, paBHBiS roHopapy CajiXBiKOBa), ohi, KaKt a 
yace roBopnjiX) bb nponiJiH& pasi, Bcerji;a Hyac;i;ajica bb ^enBraxB, 
Hyac;i;ajica Bcer^a cefiqacB, ciio MHnyxy, ne inyMaa Sy^ynteMB. 

9XHMB, KOHOHHO, nOJIB30BaJIHCB aOBKie JIK)JI;H, KaKB HH cxapajiHCB 


] 


JIHTEPATyPA H ffiHSHB. 127 

o6epeii> ero 6jiH3Kie ki> HeMy. BoTt, sanpnMi&p'B, coxpaHHBnraarcff 
BT> ero 6yMaraxi aaaacKa HeKpacoBa: 

„rjit6'L HBaHOBH^t, no ^OKyMeHTaMi BamnMi a yfii^Hjica, ^to 
BaniH co^HHenia MoryTX 6htb BHpyqeHH ottb BasynoBa; Toase ;n;y- 
MaeTTb YHKOBCKii. Mti yroBopnjiHCL ci ehmi nepecMOipiTL emie 
bm4ct4 3TH j^oKyMeHTH, no3BaTi> BaaynoBa, ycTH;n;HTL ero h bbatb 
OTb Hero 3anHCKy. Ho botx Bt ^BWh ji^ijio: bh He TaK-B nonajiH 
Ty pojib, KOTopyro a Mory BsaTL na ce6a bi Ea^ecTBi H3;i;aTejifl: a 
He acejiaro nonynamb y Bact Bamn coHEHenia, a ja.yjiaji'B H3;i;aTB 
Hxt Ha CBoS cieTt, BHpyqnTt cboh ;i;eHBrH h saT^M-B ocTajiBHoft 
^oxofljii^ npe;i;ocTaBHTL aBTopy. Ecjih BaMB 3to Hey^o6HO h bh mo- 
aseTe nafiTH ^Jia ce6a ycjiOBia 6ojiie nojixoAfltmia, to He CT-fecHaft- 
TecB. JI^oHBraMH najiHHHHMH a Bt cie Bpena d-fe^eHB". 

OqeBH^HO HJian-B npaKTH^ecKaro, ho fl;o6po3KejiaTejiBHaro HoKpa- 
coBa 6HJi'b BHro;i;eHB ;n;jia ycnoHCKaro, ho pesyjiBTaiOBB aioro 
njiana npHmjiocB 6h aKji;aTB, a ^enBrn nyacHH ciro MHHyTy; h YcneH- 
cKifl npeji,no^ejix ocTaxBca bb THCKaxB Ba3yH0Ba, MoaceTB 6htb 
npH6aBHBniaro, 6jD[aroji;apa HacToaniaMB HoKpacoBa h YHKOBCKaro, 
rpomt KB i4mb ji;ByMB rpomaMB, sa KOToptie ohb KynnjiB H3;i;aHie. 
He xaKOBH 6hjih, pasynieTca, mothbh CadHpaKOBa h HaBJieHKOBa. 
HanpoTHBB, Bi Hxx ^iflcTBiaxB BHAua ji;a3Ke KaKaa-To HSJinniHaa 
oneKa a 3a6oTJiHBOCTB o 6yfl;yni;eMB YcneHCKaro h ero ceMtH, ho^ 
noBTopaio, a HHKor^a ne MorB noHaxb axaxB c^^^jiokb h o6b hs-^ 
j^axejiaxB co^HHenifi YcneHCKaro Boo6n^e ne naM-fepeHB pacnpo- 
cxpaHaxBca. 

^To Kacaexca jTHxepaxypnaro $OH;i;a, lo a Mory jthdib 3aaBHXB, 
^xo OHB He pa3B BHpy^ajEB YcneHCKaro bb xpy^HyK) Mnnyxy, a bo 
speMa ero 6ojii8HH BHCHjiaji'B na ero Ha;i;o6HOCXH bb 6ojibqhi^h, 
TA* OHB coji,epacaJica, HSBicxHyio cyMMy eaceMica^ao. npaBji;a, axa 
cyMMa 6Hja o^eaB ne BejiHKa, ho ona mjia HCKjiioqHxeJiBHO na ni- 
KOxopHa MejiKia jiH^HHa Hyacji,H noKoSHaro, na xafiaKB h x. n. 
MaxepiajiBHBixB 3a6orL ae ohb, rjiaBHHMB o6pa30MB, Tpe6oBajiB, a 
ero coMBa (aceaa h mecxepo MaJioji^THHXB ;i;tTefi), ocxaBmaaca cb 
ero 6ojit3HBio 6e3B BcaKHXB cpej^cxBi. HecxB hoto^P^kh axoft 
ceMBH ]5S> xoro MOMeaxa, Korji;a j^txa cxanyxB Ha Horn, BsajiB na 
ce6a KpyacoKt Apy^eS. Cb axoio m^jiLH) co6paHB 6hjib h3b efl;HHo- 

BpeMOHHtlXB H HepiOAH^eCKHXB B3H0C0BB 0C06Hfl „KanHTajIB COMBII 

YcneHCKaro", xpaHEBmifica bb jiHxepaxypHOMB $OHji;i, ho coBep- 
meHHO oxB Hero HeaaBHCHMBifi, npn noMoniiB Koxoparo 3a;i;aqa h 
6HJia 6jiaronojiy^Ho BHnojmeHa. HepBOflaHajiBHO njiaHB noTO^pacKH 

dHJI'B pa3CqHXaHB Ha meCXB JI-feXB, ho HPHJIHBB ^aHHHKOBB jih)6bh 

H yfiaacefiia kb YcnencKOMy oKasajica fl,ocxaxoqHHMB ;i;jia pacmn- 
penia saflja^H ^o bocbmh Jiixi; h xporaxejiBHO 6hjio BHfl,^xB bb cnncK-fe 

aXHXB JI,06p0B0JIBHHXB ^aHHHKOBB pajIjOMB CB XHCa^BHMH BKJiafl,qH- 
KaMH — BKJiaA^HKOBB rpomoBHXB. 

HaKOHeniB, Bpa^E. YcneHCKifl Sbijib bb xpexB 6ojiBHHi];axB: 


I 


128 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

oqeHL He j^ojiro y ;i;-pa 4>pea Bt HeTepdypri, sartM-B bi Hobfo- 

pO;i;CKOfl KOJIMOBCKOfi 60JILHHI];t, KOTOpOK) 3aBtfl,HBaJIt ;i;-pi CHHaHH, 

H, HaKOHei];^, Bt HoBOSHajieHCKofi 6ojiLHHi;i^, naxoAHBiuefica no;!;^ 
yapaBjieHieMt fl,-pa Pe^opMaTCKaro. KaKt OTHocHJica Kt ycnen- 
cKOMy 3HaBmifi ero eme fl,o 6ojit3HH B. H. CnHaHH, mh OT^acTH 
yBH^HM'B 23^ fljHeBHHKa nocjii;i;Hffro, npe;i;ocTaBJieHHaro hmx bi Moe 
noJiL30BaHie. A jii-pt Pe(j)opMaTCKifi, neperaeAniifi H3t HoBosHaMen- 
CKo8 6ojilhhii;h Ha Apyroe m^cto He 3aj^ojiro fl,o cMepiH YcneH- 
cKaro, roBOpHJi's MHi&, ^to eMy 6wjio oco6eHHO Taacejio pascTaBaTtca 
ct fjiifioMi HfiaHOBBqeMt, xoth h Tpyfl;HO npnxo^HjiocL HHo^a 

CB HHMt. H a 8T0 HOHHMaH). Tt SJIOflBH^HUe JIIOJ[H, KOTOpHe B'B 

CBoe BpeMH najieii'L o najien;!. ne y;^apHJIH, ^toSh KaKt-HHdyj^t h 
qtM-L-HHSyj^L cKpacHTB TaasKyK) acHSHt YcneHCKaro, a xenepb, Korj^a 
OHt nepecejiHJicH Bt HeB^;i;oMyio cipany, „Hfl,t ace HtcTt 6ojL^BEh, 
HH ne^iajiL, hh B03ji;HxaHie" h Kor;i,a eiiy yace Haqeto ne HyacHO, 
KJieBe^yTt Ha 6jiH3KHXt Kt neny, — bth juoji^r ne HM^ioTt noHaTia 
TOMt, KaKt neoTpasHMo o6aaTejiLHa 6Mjia jih^hoctl noKofinaro; 
KaKt hhkto, npH6jiHa:aBinigca Kt neMy, ne Mort ne HCHHTHBaTL Ha 
ce6t aToro o6aaHia... 

Ko^J^a a bi npomjiHfl past nncajit odt ycnencKOMt, a 6£iJit 

fliaJieKt OTt MHCJIH, ^TO KaKt past KO fl,HK) BHXOAa MapTOBCEOfi 

KHHHCKH Hamero acypnajia ont 6y^eTt yace MepTBt. He to, ^to6h 
a 9Toro 6oajica hjih ac^ajit, npocTO ne ^yMajit. Cjiyqaflno ckohh- 
jIHCb y Mena Tpn coSpania ero nHcemt, h a hmh BOcnojiBSOBajica, 
qTo6H HanoMHHTL ^HTaioineH nyfijiHKt o 3aacHB0-yj|iepnieMt nnca- 
TQjvb. TenepL Bt Monxt pyEaxt ecTt HOBHe diorpa^n^ecKie Maxe- 
piajiH, HO 6iorpa$iH ycnencKaro a BcexaKH ne oepycB HanncaTt, 
nycxB OHH xaKt h ocxaioxca MaxepiajiaMH. 

Ha nepBOMt Mtcxi 3ji,i&ci> cxoaxt co6cxBeHHaa aBTo6iorpa$H- 
^ecKaa sanncKa, cocxaBJieHHaH HMt ]i,Jia $. 4>. HaBjieflKOBa, nocji'feji;- 
Haro Hs^axejia ero coHHHeHift, acejiaBHiaro H3;i;aTB h ero 6iorpa$iK). 

Ox^II'fejILHHa M-feCXa H3t 3X03 SaHHCKH He pa3t Ii;HIHpOBaJIHCB, HO 

Di^jiHKOMt oHa He SjbiJia AO cHxt nopt Haneqaiana. Boxt ona. 

„4>. $.! Bh xoxHxe HM-fexB oxt Mena 6iorpa$HqecKia CBt^iHia 
o6o MH-fe caMOMt. He past yace a nojiy^ajit npe;i,jioaceHia oxt co- 
cxaBHxejiefi pasHBixt fiiorpa^H^ecKHxt cjiOBapea, HHor^a ^.aace ct 
npHJioacenieMt xa6jiHii,t, paarpa^jreHHHXt Kant y^acxEOBHe jihctkh: 
„JIi^xa. Tji,^ po;i,Haca. SBanie. Mtcxo y^eHia. JI,aBHO-JiH nonyBCXBo- 
Bajit cxpeMJienie" h t, ji,. H npn Bceait MoeMt acejiama^ a HHKor^a 
He Mort yji;oBJieTBopHTb acejianifl rocno;i,t cocxaBHtejieH cjiOBapefi. 
He 3HaK), Mory-jiH hchojihhxl h Bame acejianie, xast EaEt HHKa- 
KHXt Majio-MajiBCEH onpe;i;i^jieHHLixt h spaxEO BHpaaceHHHXt nofl,- 
pofinocxeH Moefl npaBcxBeHHOfl acH3HH — HHKaEHMt o6pa30Mt hbbos- 
MoacHo HSJioacHXB Bt EpaxEofl saiitxEt; Ha;i.o6HO nepeopaxB Bce^ 
qxo a HanHcajit, ysasaxB Kaac;i,yK) cxpaHHi^y, o6tacHHXB ox^ero ona 
HanHcana xaEt, a ne HHaqe — qxo6H BH;a,ixB, Easia ycjiOBia acHSHH 


JIHTEPAtyPA H aCH3HL. 129 

sacxasHJiH Mena h asHTB, h myMaiL HMeHHO xaKt, KaKi ff ;nyMajrx h 
KaKt nHcajiT>. JlH^HLiff noji;po6HOCTH Moefi 6iorpa$iH spo^i Toro, 
HTO poffHJica a 14 Hoa6pa 1840 r. Bt Tyjit h TaMi y^HJica b-b 
rHMHasin flio 56 ron;a, nocjii ^ero nepetxajn. h nocTynnji'B bt> Hep- 
HHroBCKyio THMHasiK), OTTy;i;a b% 61 roji;y nocTynnjix Bt c.-neTep- 
6yprcKifl yHHB., 0TKy?i;a nepemejit b% MOCKOBCKifi; r;!;'^ djiaronojiyqao 
Kypca H He okohhhji'B, — ^raEia noflpofinocTH, ex npHCOBOKynjrenieM'B 

CB^fli^Hifi MOefi aCH3HH Bl> ceMBt, Bt ceMefiHofl 06cTaH0BKi, Bce 

aTO paacKasaHHoe bo Bcix'b. DOfl;po6HOCTaxi, pifemHTejiLHo ne HMiei'L 
Bx ce6t saace h sapofliHrna Toro, hs'b ^ero cjiomajiacL Moa jiniepa- 
TypHaa :kh3hi>. Bca Moa jiH^Haa acHBHt; Bca o6cTaHOBKa Moefi jih^- 
Hofi 3KH3HH JiiTX ji;o 20-TH, o6peKajia Mena na nojiHoe saTM^nie 
yMB, HOJiHyH) norH6ejiB, rjiydo^aflniyH) ;i;hkoctl nonaTifi, nepasBH- 
TOCTB H Boo6n^e OTfl;aj[ajia OTt aacHaHH 6ijiaro cB^Ta na neHSMipn- 
Moe pascToaflie. SL uomhio, ^to a njiaKajii 6e3npecTaHHO, ho He 
3Hajii^, OT^ero bto npoHcxo;i;HTt. He homhh), ^to6h fl;o 20 jl^t'l 
cep^e y Mena 6hjio Kor;nia-HH6y;i;L na M^ciife. BoTt no^ieMy, Korji;a 
^HacTajix 61 ro^i", Bsaxt ct co6ok) „BTi jtajiBHiOH) fl;opory" hto-hh- 
6yflL Bnepefl;% h31 moczo Jiunuazo npomjiaio 6hjio piniHTejiLHO ne- 
BOBMoacHO — poBHO HH^ero, HH KanejiBKH; HanpoTHBt, fl;jia Toro, 
hto6h oicumb xotb KaK'B-HH6y;n;B, Ha^oSno 6hjio HenpeMinno ji;o no- 
cjiifliHefl KanjiH aaSumb ece 3to nponuroe, HcxpedHTB bx ce6i bc4 
BHi^^peHHHa HMX Ka^eeTBa. HyacHO 6hjio e^^e nepeiepntTB Bce to 
pasopenie neBOJiBHofi HenpaBfl;H, cpefl,H KOTopofi npHmjiocB hchtb 
MH^ roffH jn^TCKie h lOHoniecKie, Ha;no 6hjio noTpaTHTB ro;n;H na 
BTH HenpecTaHHHe noxopoHH jrK)ji;efi, cpe;fl;H KOTopHxt a BHpocB, 
KOTopKie Hc^iesajiH co cBiTa 6e3ponoTflo, KaKi norH6aK)ni;ie cpe^H 
Mopa, 3Haa, ^to hhkto ne Moacexx hmt. homohb h cnacTH, ^to „He 
Tt BpeMeHa"t CaMaa 6e3ponoTHOCTB norH6aBniHXi» Jiio;iiiefi, aBHoe co- 
SHanie, ^to Bce, ^to bi hhxt> ecTB h ^Jm-b ohh hchjih — nenpaBjua 
H jioacB, H 6e3noMon];HOCTB hx^, yace oji;ho 8to npaMO y6te;n;ajio 
jiio^efl Moero BOspacTa h o6cTaHOBKH acH3HH, ^to hb'b npomjiazo 
HeaBaa h ne Hafl;o, h neBOSMoacHO ocxaBHTB bT) ce6i fl;aace caMOMa- 
jii^Sniaro BOcnoMHHania; HH^tMi H3X» SToro nponiaaro neataa 6Biao 
H AywaTB pyK0B0fl;HTBca Bi TOMt HOBOMi, KOTopoo „6yji;eT'B", HO KO- 
Topoe pifflHxeaBHO eme nensBi^cTHO. Cafe^OBaxeaBHO, na^aao Moeft 
acH3HH HaqaaocB xojbeo nocATb sadeenin Moeil codcmeennoil Siozpa^iu, 
a saxiMi h an^naa kh3hb, h acH3HB anxepaxypnaa cxaan co3h- 
^axBca BO mh^ o;i;HOBpeMeHHO codcmeeHmcMU cpedcmeaMU] b'b ony- 
cxomeHHyio oxx aa^Hofi 6iorpa(|>iH ;n;ymy a nycKaai xoaBKO xo, ^xo 
BO Bcix'B CMHcaaxi npoxHBoptHHao nenpaB^; Kaac;a;aa „MaaocxB", 
Boxopaa paji;oBaaa fl;ymy, Tji^h 6u a ee hh nameai — nona^aaa xe- 
nepB HenpeM^HHo bi moh) HOByro ^ynreBHyio po^ocaoBHyio. JIhiio, 
BOToparo a Mori ne bha^tb HHKorji;a, ho o6aHK'B h cyniHOCXB ko- 
Toparo a ^yncxBOBaai bc^mi cep^^^'B — Mofi pofl;Ho3, po?i;cxBeH- 
BBKi*, ^lipyrx. Hxo-6h he caynnaocB, a 3HaK), hxo „om^ ecxB, a 
}* 4-. OTjiM-h n. 9 


t 


130 pyCOKOB BOrATCTBO. 

OTajio-SuTB He Ha;to h po6iTf». JlH^Hax ji;ynieBHaH mmuh h nepas- 
piiBsaH CB Hefi jiHTepaTjpHaH pa6oTa noAA^P^nBaJiHCB bo MHt h 
no^Kp^njiAJiHGB xoJirie roAu 6e3i> bchroS jih^hoA ejih HpaBCTseHHoft 
ci qBe3-HH6y;];B cxopoHU nojp;epsKE, h xasi. 6bijio jqco 68 roji;a, 
Kor^a a yasie cxajit omymaxB h HpaBCTBeHHyK) HO?i;jiiepacKy to6phx'b 
H CHMnaTH^HHX'B MH* jiH)fl;efi. Ho .TfeTi ceML — CI 62-ro no 68-6fl — 
bo mh^ 6hjio ynopHoe Hcejiasie He 0GJia6iTi> b'b H60Tpa3HM0M'B co- 
SHanm, ^to y Mens HHKaKot nponiJiofl 6iorpa$iH Htx-B... OjuiRO- 
^ecxBO Bt axoMt oxHOineHiH 6bijio nojiHoe. Ci KpynHHMH nHcaxe- 
jiaMH a He HMiJi'B HHKaKHXt CBflseS, a MOH xoBapnmH — JiK)fl;Hcxap- 
niie Mena Ji-fexoi na ;i,ecaxii — noqixn Bct 6e3i HCKJUo^eHiji norH6ajiH 
Ha MOHXT) rjiaaax-B, xant KaKi nBancxBO 6hjio ho^xh ^i&Mi-xo ne- 
Hsd^scHUM'B A^H xorjijamHflro xajianxjiHsaro qejiOB^Ka. Bci axH noA- 
BepaceHHue cHByniHofi rH6ejiH jiioah 6hjih yxe hsb^^cxhu bi jinxe- 
paxyp^, h khbh ohh b'b name BpeMji, Eor;i;a mo^ho Ha nojinoft 

CB060JI,i „nJltHflXB CBOHMX HCKyCCXBOM'B CB^Xl" — OHH 6h HaOHCajIH 

MHOro H3Hni;HHx:B npoH3Be;i;eHi3; ho saxBaxHjEa hx'b noBan :3sh3hb, 
xaKaff, ^xo saBxpaniHiS ;^eHB ne mofb 6hxb ;i;aace h npefliBBfljiHTb — 
H xaJianxjiHBHe jijoji^e no^yBcxBOBajiH, hxo hmi ho yrnaxBC^ 3a 
xojinofl, Ha?HHaK)n],eft acHBHB 6e3Tb bchkhx'b JiHxepaxypHHXi xpa;i;Hip|i, 
fl,0JiacHH 6bijih ^yncxBOBaxB bi axofl oacHBaBmefi xojint CBoenoJiHoe 
Ofl;HHO^ecxBO... Ckojibko hh npoaBJinS ncKyccxBa bi no3Mi, poMani 
— „onu^ ji^dij&e is. He no^yBcxByioi'B... CnHBaBmnxca cb Kpyry xa- 
jianxjiHB'feflniHX'B JiH)fl;efl 6hjio MHoacecxBO, Ha^HHan cb xaKofi noxpa- 
caiomeS B'B axoMi oxnonieHiH $HrypH, KaKi n. H. ilKyniKHH'B. B'B 
xaKOMTb BHA^ B'B Hopy 6bijio „onoxM^JiHXBca", „oqyxaxBca", o^yB- 
cxBOBaxBCH — H KaKas yacB xyxx* „jiHxepaxypHaa niKOJia"! noxBajiB6H 
B'B HBaHOMi BH^i 6hjio MHoro; nocyjiOBi — eme CoJiBnie, aHeK;^o- 
XOB-B — bh;i;hmo neBH^HMo, a xaKX ^xo6i>i oxi> Bcero exoro noBeceji^xB 
— flixTb, axoro He CKa^y. Jtaace MajiiSniHX'B onpefl;iJieHHBix'B Bsrjia- 
^ijOB-B Ha o6mecxBO, na napoj^i, na ii;tJiH pyccKofi HHxejiJiHreHiUH 
HH y Koro pimHxejiBHo ne 6hjio. HeMy;i;peHO, ^xo acHo co3HaBaeMoe 
rope 3ajiHBajiocB cHByxoS caMBiMH xajianxjiHBHMH jih);ii;bmh. 

„Co3H^aHie co6cxBeHHofi cBoefi hoboS ;i;yxoBHoS jkhshh npHBOJio 
Mena ki mhcjih, ^ixo mh^ ne^ero ji,ijiaxB cpefl;H axHXi xajiaHTJiH- 
BKix'B cxpa;i;ajiBn;eBx.. IIojroffiHM'B, ^xo a xjiono^y okojio KaKoro- 
HH6y;i;B ;i;4ficxBHxejiBH0 xajianxjiHBaro ^ejiOB^Ka, npoBoacaa ero fl,o- 
Mofl H ycaacHBaa „co niKaHfl;ajiOM'B" na H3B03^HKi, hjih o6opoHaa 
OTh „rpy6aro fljBopHHKa" h yroBapHBaa ne ;i;tJiaxB Mop^odnxia; ho 
B-fe^iiB 3X0 ya:e bb ji;Baji,i];axHfi pa3'B h Moacexx Hafl;o4cxB, HaEonen.'B... 

HOJroaCHM'B, qXO BOXI H 3X0XB SHaKOMHfi HHCaXeJIB XOace ^CJIOB'feK'B 

orpoMHaro Ji;apoBaHia; ho ^ixo ace MH-h-xo ^-fejiaxB, ecjiH a, npn^na 
B'B HOMy HoroBopHXB, BHHcy, qxo OH'B „He B'B ce6i". 

— CjiHniHfflB,- — cnpafflHBaex'B xajianxjiHBHfi flipyr-B, — KaK'B Meaa 
xaKofl-xo pejiiaKxop'B pyraexx.? 


JIHTlPATyPA H aCH3HL. 131 

Pe^aKTopx, KOTopufi pyraeTt, acHseT'L na CeprieBCKofl; a TOTt, 
KTO cjiHinHTt ero pyraTeJitcTBa — bi Jmhtpobckomi nepeyjiKi... 

— HniB jiaeTt! A neSoct, ajo cjitl nopx BocbMH py6jiefl He ot- 
jiiaerL... Yxt, KaKi samyMiji'B!.. 

Eme fl;Bfi-TpH $pa3H, h bh Bn^Hxe, hto ^ejioBtKi b% fitjiofi ro- 
paHKi&. Hafl;o6HO hjhth ki ji;oKTopy, Tam;HTL ero bi 6ojiLHHiiiy h 
jii^HTB... A BHjiiHHTca — HceHa He nycKaeTt npiaTejiefl n't Myacy. 
Jta H OH-B 6oHTca Hxi, KaK'B oraa, h caMt ne Hfl;erB HHKy^a, Soacb 
^anHTL. 

„HecoMHiHHO, Hapo^i stotb 6ujn> ^lynieBHHfl, fl;o6pHfi h rjiy6oKo 
TajiaHTJiHBHfl; ho nHTeSflaa ji;paMa, HHTeftHaa 6oji43HB, noxM^jiBe h 
BOoSme pascjiadjieHfloe cocToanie, HBBicTHoe noflix HasBameM'B „no- 
<5Jii B^epamnaro", BJ^HHMajio bb hxb acH3HH cjiehikomb 6ojiBnioe 
MicTO. He 6bijio y hhxb qHxaTejwi, ohh nncajiH HensBicTHO ;n;jia 
Koro H xBaJiHjiH TOJiBKO flipyPB fl;pyra... O^HHOHecTBO xajiaHTjiHBHXB 
jiK)ji;efl Bejio hxb ki TpaKrapnoMy oacHBJieHiH) h niyMy. Ko Bceny 
OTOMy Ha;i;o6HO npnSaBHTB, ^T0 bb toji^u 1863 — 1868 Bce BOi acyp- 
HajTBHOMX Mip* nanajio, paspyniajiocB h BajiHJiocB. „CoBpeMeHHHKx" 
-CTaJiB TycKJiB H ynajxi bo mh^hIh hhbhxb jno^efi, oTBOfl;a.no noji- 
KHHra Ha 6e3njioAHHa JiHTepaTypHHa pacnpn, a hotomi h 6hjib 

3aKpHTi. SaKpHTO H „PyCCKOe CjIOBO", H BOOfime MaJIO-BiaJIBCKH 

BHfl;HHe ji^TQjm pa36pejiHCB, uchcsau, Ha^ajiH noflBJiHTBca KaKia-xo 
TeMHHa H3ji;aHia cb xeMHBiMH n3ji;aTejiaME... Oji;hhb h3'b hhxi, na- 
npHMipi, Kor;i;a npHHjjiH onHCHBaTB ero sa fljOJirH, ctajiB na rjia- 
saxi npHcxaBa icxB obccb, npHKHHyBniHCB noMimaHHHMB (Apxo- 
6ojieBCKi3). Kor^a, HaKOHen;'B, bt. 1868 r. ocHOBajiHCB HOBHa „Oxe- 
qecxBeHHHa 3anHCKH", nepBHe ro;i;H bb hhx'b xoace 6hjio mejio 
yioxa... Bce, ^xo co6paj[OCB, 6Brjio Bfla^HxejiBHO nojiOMano Hpas- 
€XBeHHo H $H3H^ecKH, HOKa, HaKOHeB[%, ^^Jio HO cxajio Ha HiHpo- 
Kyio ;i;opory. IIoKa oho cKJiafl;HBajiocB, acHXB bt> HeyciaHOBHBHieMca 
H HeyroxHOMx. o6ni;ecxBt 6ojBniefi ^acxBio ji,o nocjitfl,Hefi cxeneHH 
H3J[0MaHHBixB HHcaxeJieS (cB HOBHMH a efl;Ba Bcxpt^ajica eni;e), ne 
^BLffo HHKaKofl BOSMOJKHOCXH, H a yixajiB 3a rpaHHB[y. 3a rpaHHi^eS 
a 6hjiX) ;n;Ba pasa bb 1871 r., nocai^ KOMMynH, npn ^ewb BEj^^jvh 
H36HXHi H npyccKHMH, H KOMMyHapcKHMH 6oM6aMH H HyjiaMH ropoflix., 
BH^tjTX, KaK'B npHTOBapHBaioxB Kx» cMopxH caHoacHHKOBB H 6aniMa^- 
hhkobb; B'b jiipyrofi pasB a npoacHjiB xaM-B TL0]i;psij5,i> ^sa ro?i;a, no 
BpeMenaMB xojibko npiisacaa bb Pocciio. Bx» 3xo BpeMa a Shjix b'b 
JIoHji;oHt. fl Majio HHcajiXi o6b axoMX*, ho MHoroMy nay^Hjica, MHoro 
aanncaji'B ;i;o6paro B'B mok) ;n;ynieBHyio po;n;ocjiOBHyH) KHHry HaBcerfl;a... 
3ax^MB npaMO H3'b HapHaca a noixajii. bi Cepfiiio h bb Ilenixt 
BCxpi&XHJEB uamuxrb, H o6b axoMB a Majio nncajni, ho MHoro nepe- 
jHyMajiB H HaBiKH MHoro onaxB-xaKH BBaji'B B'B CBOH) ji;ynieBHyH) po- 
;i;ocjioBHyio. 3ai4MB no;i;jiHHHaa npaBfl;a acH3HH noBJieKJia iiena kb 
ucmoHHuny, x. e. kb MyacHKy. Uo nec^acxBK), a nonaJiB B'B xaKia 
jiicxa, r^$ ucmoHnuna bh^ho ho 6Hao... Jl^eHBra npHBajinaa' B'B 3xh 

9* 


182 PyCGKOB BOrATOTBO. 

MtcTa, H a BHfl;tJM» tojilko, ffo ^ero Moaexi ^oAth fiesAymHHft My-^ 
jKHK'b npH j^eHLrax'b. H 8A^cb^ bi* xe^eHie IV2 ro^a^ He snajn hh 
^HH, HH HO^H noKoa. ToTjifiL MeHH pyrajiH da to, tto a He jik)6jih> 
HapoA'B. A nHcajiii tomi, EaKaa oh'l csHHsa, noTOiiy hto oh^ 
AificTBHTejiBHO TBopHJii npenoji;j[Mn[ia Ben^n. Ho mh^ nyxHO 6ujio 
sHaxL t^cmoHHUK^ Bcefi axofi xexpoyMHOfi MexaHHKH Hapo^Hod sh8hh^ 
KOTopofi a He MOFE AOHCRaxBca HHKaEoro npocToro cjOBa h hh- 
r^t. H Boxi a H3'b myMHofi^ noJiynLaHod^ pasBpaxnoft ;i;epeBHH sa- 
6pajica B'B Jiica HoBropofl;cKofi ry6epHiH, Bt ycafl;B6y, r^t acHJia 
TOJiBKO OAHa KpecxBancRaa ceniBa. Ha mohxi rjiasaxi ahkoo m^cto 
cxajio osHBaxL no^'B coxoB naxapa, h box'b a xor;a;a B'B nepsufi 
pas's B'B SHSHH yBH^tJi'B ;Di;i3cTBHxejiBH0 odny nodjiunnyio eaoicHyio 
nepmy e^ ocuoeaayb o/ctisnu pyccnazo napoda — HMenno, BJiacTt 

3eMJIH. 

^TaEHMii odpasoMi, Bca Moa jiH^Haa 6iorpa$ia, npHM^pno ^o 
1871 r., piciHxejiBHO ^oJUKHa 6bixb ocxaBJiena 6e8'B scaKaro bhh- 
liania; sea ona dujia cnjioniHUM'B 3axpy;ii;HeHieMi ^jehxb h j^yifaxB^ 
H norjion^ajia MHOsecxso chjh h BpeiieHH Ha ea OKOH^axejiBHoe 
3a6BeHie. Bee se, ?xo naKonjieHO MHOio „co6cxBeHHHMH cpe^ijcxBaMH^ 
B'B onycxomeHHyK) sadBenieMi nponuiaro noBtcxB, Bce axo nepecKa- 
3aH0 Bi MOHX'B KHHraxii, nepecKasaHO nocnimHO, Kani npHmjiocB, 
HO nepecKasaao see, ^im a ^lcuJl^ jihhho. TaK1lM^ oSpasoMbj ecfi 
MOH Hoean 6iozpa0iHy nocAUb sadeeuin cmapoUi nepecKasana nonmu 
U30 dnn e^ deiib 6% Mouxt KHuzax^. EoAbtue y Mensi nuneio e^ ofcvsuti 
jiuHHoU ne 6uA0 u nrbrm. Mnoro 3X0 hjih Majio — cyfljHXB ne MH-fe**, 


OxMiTHMi, npe3K;i;e Bcero, o^jho $aKXH^ecKoe He;^opa3yMtHie. 
YcneHCKifi nnniexi, qxo oht. po^^HJica 14 Hoa6pa 1840 ro^a; xaKS 
3Ha^HTca H B'B HcxopiH HOB^fifflefi pyccKoft jTHxepaxypH A. M. CKa- 
6HqeBCKaro, o^eBHiUHO co cjiob'b npHBe^eHHofl aBTo6iorpa$HqecKofl 
sanHGKH, Koxopaa 6HJia esfy HSB^cxna. Ho bx iiOHBCRofi ehhxk^ 
„PyccKaro BoraxcxBa" 1894 r. fitiJia Hane^axana cxaxBa 6jiH3Karo 
po^cxBeHHHKa H xoBapHni;a fl;ixcxBa YcneHCKaro, osarjiaBjreHHaa 
„Vjrh6% HBaHOBHH'B ycnencKifl'^ h no;mHGaHHaa nceBji;oHHMOM'B ^JQm. 
BacHH'B**. B'B nefl naxo^HMi cji-fefliyiomyH) nonpaBKy: „r. H. YcneH- 
CKia po;n;HJica B'B r. Tyji^, 13 OKxafipa 1843 r. (a ne 14 Hoa6pa 
1840 r., KaEx cRasano B'B HcxopiH HOBifinrei jiHxepaxypn A. M. 
CEa6HHeBCRaro)". A B'B ynoMaHyxoM-B ;i;HeBHHEt B. H. CnHaHH non.'B 
5 iiojia 1894 r., Measly npo^HM'B, sanHcano: „^Hxaj[i (YcneHCRifi) 
^PyccRoe BoraxcxBO", Roxopoe bkhpochjh y Mena nicROJiBRO ^Heft 
xoMy Ha3a;i;'B, ysnan'B, wio xaii-B (bi Q-wl noMept) ecxB neMt 
6iorpa$HqecRaa saMixRa. Jo xoro oh'b HH^ero ne qnxajii. (KcxaTH: 
^0 CHXTi HOP'S OH'B npofl;ojiacaex'B ne nncaxB HH^ero, fljaace CBoeft 


JIHTEPATpA H ffllHSHB. 13S 

<jeMLi) *). no;i;ajiH saBipaKt, ne OTKasajicff. (NB. OTHocHTejiLHO 
jijHH ero poacfljema, KOTopoe, no c^OBaM'B ero ;n;BOK)poAHaro 6paTa, 
ABTopa BaMiTKH, He BipHO noKasano y CKaSHqeBCKaro, Tji. Hb. 
jsjBLji% cjiifl;yioin;ee o6'BacHeHie. Po;n;HJica ont, ;tiflcTBHTejiBHo, ne 
14 Hoa6pfl, a 13 0KTa6pa. CKafiHHeBCKifi BBefl;eHx b-b oniHdKy T^Mt, 
qTO Fji. Hb. npasfljnyeT'B j^enb cBoero poac^enia 14 HoafipH. Ciajit 
OH'B aTO ;n;4jiaTi» bx BHfl;y Toro, ^to 15 Hoa6pH ;i;eHL poacfljeHiji Mh- 
xaftjiOBCKaro. Ohi BH6pajii fl;jia ce6a 14 noafipa, ^to6h npa3;i;H0- 
BETL ero BMi&cT§ ch MnxafljioBCKHMi, ^to6h ^pa3;^He6TBO nuio fl;Ba 
j^Hfl no^nt pfffl.t, KaKB 6h 6e3t nepepHBa, cjihtho. Fo^^i poacj^enia 
1840, a He 1843)**. ^* 

HcTopiH c% nepenocoMX caMHMi ycneHCKHMt dun ero poacinenia 
<50BepineHH0 Bipna, ho OTHOCHiejiLHO zoda npaBi, KaaceTca, aBTopt 
aaM^TKH, Hane^aTaHHofi b^b ^PyccKOMt BoraTCTsi": Fjrk6'h HBano 
BWTh, BonpeKH ero co6cTBeHHOMy noKaaaniK) BOi aBTo6iorpa$HHecKofl 
^anHCKt H Bi pa3roBopi& ci B. H. CnHaHH, po^Hjica, KaaceTca, Bt 
1843, a He 1840 r. 9to, Bnpo^eMOi, noji;po6HocTB, ne HMiBmaa b^ 
rjiasaxB YcneHCKaro HHKaKoro ana^enia, KaKB 3to BHja,H0 h h31» 
ajBTo6iorpa$H^ecKofi 3anHCKH, h hbi caMaro $aKTa CBo6o;i;Haro pa- 
cnopaacenia jifiewb poacfl;eHia. Jta bto h ho BaacHO BOo6ni;e j^Jia 
6iorpa$iH, ctojib 6^]x,eo& BHiniHHMH co6HTiaMH h ctojib 6oraTofi 
BHyTpeHHHM'B cofl,epa:aHieMB. K'b coacajiiHiH), h b% btomb nocjii;^- 
HOM'B oTHomeHiH aBTo6iorpa$HqecKaa 3anHCKa ji;aeTi HOMHoro, ;i;a 
H TO, TITO ona ;i;aeTi», H-icKOJiBKO cMyiHO. nonpo6yeM'B, oji;HaKO, 
ycxanoBHTB eni;e ntKOTopHa xpoHOJiorH^ecKia ^^aHHBia, xotb npn- 

6jIH3HTeJIBHO. 

UpHMi&pHO fliO 20-TH Jl^Th, Jlfi HOCTyHJieHiH BB 1861 T. Bl yHH- 

BepcHTOTi, acH3HB o6peKajia YcneHCKaro, „Ha nojiHoe saTMenie yMa, 
noanyio norH6ejiB, rjiy6o^afiniyio ;i;hkoctb noHSTifl", ohb „He hom- 
HHTT., hto6h fl;o 20-TH ji^TB copTO© y HOTO 6bijio KorAa-HH6yji;B Ha 
MicTi". Bb HeMB cocTOHJiii yacaci SToro cyni,ecTBOBaHiH, — ne bh;i;ho 
HS'B aBTo6iorpa$HqecKofi sanncKH, h o6'BHCHeHiH najijo HCKaTB b7» 
paHHHX'B npoHBBeflieHiaxB YcneHCKaro. IIo CBHja,^TeJiBCTBy ynoMH- 
Hy.Taro po;i;cTBeHHHKa ero, r. JS^u, BacHHa, MHoria OT^^jiBHHa M-fecTa 
„HpaBOB'B PacTepaeBofi yj[Hii;H**, „Pa3opeHBa", „Hobhx'b BpoMenx, 
HOBHXB aafioT-B" — npe^CTaBjiaiOTx co6oh) xyAoacecTBeHHyio nepepa- 
6oTKy no?i;jiHHHHX'B ^aKTOBi ceMefiHofi xpoHHKH. 06ni;ifl BHBOfl;^, 

K'B KOTOpOMy npHXOfl;HTT> r. BaCHHl, TaKOBTi: „C0 CTOpOHH OTI];a 

Fji. H — ^a aBJiaiOTca jih)ji;h nayKH, h, nanpoTHBi, po^nne Maiepn 

6bIJIH HOKJIOHHHKaMH HCKyCCTBa. 9tH HayKa H HCKyCCTBO nOCJiyJKHJIH 

KaKT) 6h ajreMOHTaMH ajjia B03C03fl;aHia TaKoro nncaTejia, KOTopBifl, 
Ha caMOMX js^iji^, npeji;cTaBJiaeT'B hs-b ce6a h xyfl;oacHHKa, h rjiy6oKaro 


*) !3to oTHocHTCfl, pasyMteTCH, TOJiBKo K'B ;i;aHHOMy MOMGHTy, K'B cepe- 
jijiwh iiojiH 1894 r. PanLrae (naK-B n nosate) ohb.h 'iHTaJiB, h nncajTB iracBMa, 


I 

[ 


134 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

MHCJiHTeJiH" („PyccKoe BoraTCTBo" 1894, iiOHt, cxp. 59). ][jisi ca- 
Moro YcneHCKaro, KaKi mm ceiH&ch yBEfliHMt, ero reneajioria ocBt- 
B^ajiacB Hi^cKOJiLRO HHa^e, ji;a h b'e aaM'^TKt r, BacHHa npocRajiB' 
atiBaexTb mhopo Mpaqnaro, He HMifeiomaro Hnqero o6maro hh cb 
HayKoft (orpaHH^HBaBffleftca, Bupo^eMt, ceMHHapiefi h, caMoe 6ojib- 
inoe, ;i;yxoBHofi aKa^eMiefl), hh cb HCKyccTBOMi. ConocTaBJiffff an- 
To6iorpa$HqecKyK) sanncKy YcneHCKaro cb OTfl;ijrBHHMH M^cxaMH 
^HpaBOBi* PacTepaeBofl yjiHUiw** h npoq., HMtomHMH xapaKiepTt 
xy;i;oacecTBeHHoS o6pa6oTKH hoaijihhhhx'b ^aKTQBx, mh MoaseM'B 
BHji;'feTB, B-B geMi cocTOHJii TOTb ysacB cyni,ecTBOBaHiH Bx ;n.'feT- 
CTBt h panneS mojio;i;octh namero nncaxejiff, o Koxopofi oh'b 
caMi roBopHTB. Cpeflia, b-b Koxopofi pocB HepBHHfl, Bne^axjiH- 
xeJiBHHfi MajiBqHE'B, Bi KOTopofi OH'B ^njiaKaji'B 6e3npecxaHHo", 
B-B Koxopofl OHB „H6 HOMHHXX, »ixo6bi cepTOO y Hero Kor^a- 
HH6y;n,B 6bi.io na Mtcxi", 6KiJia xkhh^hoio cpeji;oK) ^ope^opifen- 
Haro KaHii;ej[apcKO - ceMHHapcKaro 6Hxa. Kor;i;a xaKi nasHBaeMHe 
inecxHji,ecHXHe ro^H nomaxnyjiH ycxoH axoro 6Biia, h ycnencKifi 
nocxynnjn, Kani past b-b ^o;^'B ocBo6o»jaieHia KpeciBHH'B, Bt ynn- 
BepcHxex-B, ero nepBoio 3a;i;aqeio cxajio, kslR'l oh'b BBipaffiaexcH, 
„3a6BeHie CBoefl coScxBeHHog 6iorpa$iH". Ybbi! axo eny ne BnojiHt 
y^ajiocB ji,aace ;i;o KOH^a khshh... Kor;i;a b'b 1889 r. hokoh^hji'b ca- 
Moy6iflcxBOM'B ero ^bok)Po;i;hkiB 6pax'B, o^chb xajranxjiHBHft, ho 
HpaBcxBeHHO saffiHBo norH6niifi H. B. ycneHCEifi, TjiiC'h HBanoBH^B 
HHcaji'B MHi: „Cero;i;Hff h nojioacHieJiBHO ne mopb coMKHyxB rjiaa-B 

BCK) HO^B HOA'B BJlinHiOMB CaMUX'B Mpa^HUXl BOCnOMHHaHifi Hh- 

KOJia^ ycnencKOMi. CefiqacB (10 qacoBTt) Menn o;i;oJiifeBaex'B coh-b, 
H ecjiH s sacHy h npocnjiio naHHXHji,y, — bh na mohh ne cep^arecB. 
IlHcaxB H HH^ero o hcm-b ho 6yj^y. 8xo sna^HJio 6u bchomhhxb 
BCK) nonjiocxB npomjiaro, Koxopoe h BcnqecEH 6oHJica BcnoMHnaxB. 
SaqiJi-B axo xenepB BosofinoBjiaxfc? S. h xaKB eji;Ba hchb'b". 

Ha3;o, o^HaKO, saMixHXB, qxo HHKOJiafl YcneHCKifi HanoMHnaJi'B 
eny ne xojibko yaKacBi ;i,ixcxBa h panneS rHMnasHqecKofl mojio^ocxh. 
B'B xoM-B HOBOM'B nepioji,i ero acHSHH, KOxoptiS naqajicH co Bcxyn- 
jienia B'B ynHBepcHxexx, xoace ne Bce pa^ocxB 6Hjia. UepBoe Bpeiia 
OH'B npo6aBJiHJiCH KoppeKxypHofi h MejiKofl, 6ojiie hjih nenie cjiy- 
qaHHOfl JiHxepaxypHofl pa6oxo8, h xojibko pascxaBHiHCB cb yHHBep- 
cHxexoMB, ox;fl;ajiCH Jinxepaxypt bhojih^. K'b axoMy BpeMenn h ox- 
HOCHXCff ero BOcnoMHHama o nBflHHXB xa-iaHxax^, cpe;i;H KOxopwx'B 
ohb 6Ha'B o;niHHOK'B h 6e3^0M0^^eH'B. H3i> axHxi norH6fflHX'B xajian- 
xoB'B OH'B noMHHaexi ofliHoro flKyniKHHa. Ho caMHMB 6jih3khm'b 
KB HeMy qejioBiKOM'B 6uJVhy yace npocxo no po;i;cxBeHHBiMTb oxho- 
ffleniffM'B, HHKOJiafi ycneHCKifl. H nosnaKOMEJicH cx» TjiiSoMB Hsa- 

HOBHieM'B B'B 1868 T., KOFJ^a, CB Hopexo^OMB jjOxeqecxBeHHHXB 

SanHcoK'B" B% pyKH HeKpacoBa, naqajicH xpexifi nepio^B ero acnsHH 
H He noMHH), qxo6H Bcxpiqajica y nero cb HnKOJEaeicB TcneH- 

CKHMB. Ho OH'B HO pa3'B HpflMO CB J^pOaCBH) TOBOpHJIB MH^ CBOOfi 


IHTEPATYPA H atHBHB. l35 

6hjioS 6jih30CTH ct sthm'b jTonjieHHHMi* b:b boj^A TajiaHTOMi. Bno- 
cjit;n;cTBiH, o^JIJ^J^HBai^CI> Ha 1862 — 1868 rofl;H, ycnencKifi fliajii, qy^- 
HHH CTpaHH^u, xapaKTepHsyioffliia aio Bpena, KaKx BpeMff „6oJiiJ3HH 
coBicTH". CTapHe ycTOH pasBajiHBajiHCB h pasBajiFJiHCL, „rapMOHijT 
cBHHoro 3JieMeHTa" ;i;ajra MHoacecTBo Tpemnnt, h coB-fecTB HacToft- 
HHBO saroBopHJia o HeapaBoS tkbsue, h axoTt nac'roS^HBufi rojioct 
60JIBH0 OTSHBajica Bi fliymaxt. He Bci h ne ci» pasy naxojiHjiH 
nyTii acH3HH, ckojbko HH6y;^L yjiiOBJieTBopaiomifl Tpe6oBaHiaMi» pas- 
6yaceHHoS coBicTH, ne bc4 ^aace noHHMajiH, qio TBopnica btb HXt ro- 
jiOBaxi* H cep^iii^axi; b-l ^HCJi-fe hxi 6hjih h ntaHCTByromie TaJiaHTH, 
CB KOTopHMH cy;n,B6a CBejia ycneHCKaro, — ch BepxaMH JiHTepaxypH 

H 06meCTBeHH0fl 3KH3HH, TJljk npOH.eCC'B 06H0BJieHia npOHCXOjaiHJI'B 

cosHaxeJiBHO, oh-b 6i>tji'b Majio BnaKOMt. Ja h b-b o6HOBJieHHHX'B b-b 
1868 r. „OTeqecTBeHHBix'B SanncKaxi," ;n;jia Hero „nepBHe roji;H 
Toace 6hjio Majio yiOTa**... 

BosBpamarocB k'b „reHeajioriH" Tjiifia HBanoBH^a, KaKi ona 
ocBtni;ajiacB a;jia Hero caMoro. UpHBe^y BHnncKy nat BHmeynoMa- 
Hyxaro ^neBHHKa B. H. CnHaHH. 22 ceHia6pff 1892 r., na ffpyrofl 
7Ke ji,eEh nocji-fe nocxynjiema YcneHCKaro bi KojiMOBCKyro 6ojiBHHii;y, 
B'B ^eBHHKt sanHcaHo: 

. . . ^yxpoM-B, cefi^acB nocjii saBxpaKa, ohi caMHM-B npocxHMi 

H lOJIKOEHMl 06pa30Ml> HO C06cXBeHH03 HHHUiaiHBi C006mHJI'B MH^ 

CBoeMi npoHCXoacfl;eHiH, Oxeuji ero hs-b ;fl;yxoBHaro sBania, MaxB 
Hs-B pojiia CoKOJiOBHX'B. CoMBfl oxii;a o6HJiyex'B cyMacmeji;niHMH, 
0;i;hhi» 6paxi» oxfl;a 6u3Ub apxHManji.pHxoM'B h yMep-B cyMacme;i;niHM'B. 
Jpyrofl fipaxx oxii;a koh^hji'b 3KH3hb caMoy6ificxBOM'B. Boo6ni;e c% 

OTItOBCKOfi CXOpOHH MHOFO HeHOpMaJTBHOCXefl (h, HOBH^^HMOMy, 60JIB- 

HOMy HecHMnaxH^naro). Co cxoponti Maxepa poji;HHe Bce napo^-B ?i;a- 

pOBHXHfi: OJlflR'h 6uJL1j KHBOnHCIi;eM'B, SPyrofi My3HKaHX0MX, MHorie 

HHcaxejiaMH H coxpy;HHH^ajrH B'B „CoBpeMeHHHK'6**. noBH;i;HMOMy, chm- 
naxin ero jieacaxi Bceii;^jio na cxopont MaxepHHCKofi jiHHiH. 

„TenepB nepeft;i;y k^ pasroBopy BenepneMy. H3JioacHXB ero cjioBa 
B'B xoMi nopa;i;Ki h bi xomx 6e3CBa3H0M'B BH;i;i, KaKi ohi hxx* 
roBopHJi'B, a He Mory. fl no3BOJiio ce6t cHCxeMaxHSHpoBaxB hxi. 
HyacHO eni;e oxm^xexb xo oficxoaxejiBcxBO, ^xo ero nyacHO c^HxaxB 
jiH^HOcxBK) coBepmeflHO oxjiH^HOK) ox-B ' JiK)fl;eH Hamero xnna, npn- 
BHKiHHX'B ;i;yMaxB MHCJiaMH. Oh'b npoH3Bo;i;HX'B Bneq:axjriHie xaKoro 

TieJEOBiKa, KOXOpBlft XOJBKO H MOaceXl MHCJIHXB (eCJEH MOaCHO xaKX 

BHpasHXBca) o6pa3aMH. 9xa oco6eHHOcxB pasBHxa y nero b% xaKofl 
cxeneHH, ^xo fl;jia nacB ona Moacexi Ka3axBca homxh nenoHaxHOH) h 
B'B HopMajiBHOM'B ero cocxoania. T^m-b Soji-fee ona Kaacexca xaKOBOio 
B'B xenepeniHeM'B ero cocxoanin. HxaK'B, ero asHK-B o6pa30B'B a 
;i;ojiaceH'B 6yji;y H3JiaraxB asHKOM'B noHaxifi. 

„Cxi cauiaro ero 3a6ojiiBaHia h ji;o chx-b nop-B B'B ero co3HaHm 
Hfliexi 6opB6a Meacfliy ji;ByMa Ha^ajiaMH: Ha^ajiOMi cnpaBewHBOCTH 
H Ha^ajiOMi, He acHO BHpaacaeMHM'B, ho npoxHBonojioaJHBiM'B nep- 


136 pyCOKOE BOrATCTBO. 

BOMy. Emj KaaceTca, ^to ero k pa3;^BoeHHoe, cocToaiiJiee hsi j^syxi 
jiH^HOCTefl, 6opH)ni;HXca j^pyri c% j^i^jtowl, IlepBaa jth^hoctb ecTJb 
FjiTbd^ (ycnencKifi), BTopaa jih^hoctb ecTB rjit6i MeaHoeu%^ YcneH- 
CKifi, H ;i;aace npome h BupasHiejiBHie EeanoeuH'h, {NB. OTe^'B 
MaTepH nasHBajica rjri6oM'B, HBaHOBH^B ot-b HBana, ana^HTB OTita 
ero). KaKB hh 6opeTCfl[ FjiteB, ho eMy oieHB Tpy^jHO ne tojibko 

yHH^TOffl^HTB, y6HTB HBaHOBH^a, HO ^.affie yCTOffTB npOTHBB BJiaCTH 

ero. Co BpeMeHH ero 6ojii3HH 6opB6a Me»fl;y hhmh Hj^eTx oaKecxo- 
^eHHaa. CjiyqajiocB, qio FjiteB, KaKB 6yfl;T0, OTBoeBHBajiB cBoe 
cymecTBOBanie, npio6pifeTaji'B cbod nojiOBHHy, ho 9to ocTanajiocB ne 
fl;ojiro. HBanoBH^x CHOBa BToprajica bi ero o6jiacTB, npenefiperaff 

BCaKHMH yrOBOpaMH, BCSKHMH yCJIOBHHMH KOMnpOMHCCaMH, qacTO 

paapymaJi'B nxt h BanojiOHffJit FjiiSa. Hpn nojiHOMt ero Topace- 

CTB'fe 60JIbH0S He TOJIBKO KasaJICff CeS-fe, ho H BI fl;tSCTBHTeJIBHOCTH 
SBJIHJICff B-B CaMHXt HeCHMnaTH^HHX^, 6e306pa3HHX'B, OTBpaTHTejIL- 

HHXB BH^naxB, fljo 6yKBajiBHaro o6pa3a cbhhbh BKJiio^HTejrBHO cb ea 
' H qepenoM'B, h Mop^oio, h xpeCiOMB, h pe6paMH, h fl;ajKe nepecTa- 
HOBKOK) BepxHHxi KOHO^HOCTefl cHapyacH BHyTpB. TaKi> KaKB npe- 
Bpani;eHie bi cbhhbk) ABJiaeTCff nanSojiie Kpafinero ^opMOio BHpa- 
acenia no6'6;i;H HBanoBH^a, to a o6b btomi h 6yji,y roBopHTt rjiaB- 
HHMB o6pa30M'B. IIoBHj^HMOMy, BcaKifi pasB, KaKB HacTpoenie ero 
yxyj^majiocB h cooTBtTCTBeHHO ct aTHMt bb cosHaniH ero na^HHajiH 
npeo6jiafl;aTB npe^iiCTaBJieHia Mpaqnaro xapaKTepa, Bt ero caMOSHamn 
H caMoonpe;i;ijieHiH Bce 6ojiie h 6ojite npeo6jiafl;ajia jih^hoctb Hna- 
HOBHTia. OfliHaac;i;Bi ho^bio ohb, HaKOHe^'B, OTpeKca otb caiioro ce6a, 
ovh FjitSa wh nojiBsy HBanoBH^a. KaK?B tojibko OHt noji;nHcajii 9to 
OTpe^enie „otx canoro ce6a bb cboh) ace nojiBsy", cb hhmb naqa- 
jiocB npeBpamenie bb OTpHEtaTeJiBHOMB naupaBjieHiH. yTpoMTt cjit- 
Ayioniiaro fl;Ha ohb omymaji'E, KaKB xpe6eTB ero h pe6pa CTajin 
TBep^He, Kptmrie, OKocTeniBniiQ (ocKOTHHHjca?) h t. a;. KaK-B ohb 
HH dopojica, ho pyKH ero TaKB h TanyjincB kb TOMy, iiTo6ti cpo- 
CTHCB CB rpyji;BK) h HanpaBHTBca Bnepe;!!;^. Ohb ynoTpe6jiaji'B ne- 
HMOBipHHa ycHjiia BepnyxB hxb bb HopmaJiBHoe nojioacenie, xotb 
CK0JiBKO-HH6y;i;B nepeTanyTB hxb nasa^B, ho Kor;i;a aio eMy He yfl;a- 
BajiocB, OHB Torflja to, noBH^^HMOMy, H coBepmajiB cboh nacHJiia Ha;i.B 
caMHMB co6oro: CTapajica pa36HTB ce6§ rojiOBy, nepepi3HBajiB ce6a 
HonojiaMB Bji;ojiB Bcero Tijia, nepepisHBajiB ce6^ ropjio, orneMB 
acerB ce6a, ^yBCTBOsajiB, KaKB owh ropHTTb. HHorjua eny Ka3ajiocB, 

^TO OHB BB 60JIBinefi HJIH MOHBHieH CTOHeHH J^OCTHraOTB ^'feJIH, ^TO 

ecjiH He BHyTpH, to xoTa cnapyacn cjitsaeTx cb nero ero oipHDia- 
TOjiBHoe a. B&iBajiH cjiy^aa, Kor;i;a ckbosb MpaKB sanojinaiomefi h 
3anojiHHBnie3 ero OTpniiaTejiBHofi ero jih^hocth npo6HBajica cb^tjihh 

JiyilB BB 06pa3t to J^iSCTBHTeJIBHBIXB JIHfl;B, KaKB KopOJIOHKO, 

BoJiB$coHB *), TO $aHTacTHqecKHXB o6pa30BB, KaKB anrejiB, KaKB 


*) HCeHn^nna-BpaH'B, oienb yeaacaeMafl ycneHCKHMi>. 


JIHTEPATyPA H aCH3HL. 137 

MOHaxHHfl MaprapHTa. BuBajio, ohh OTCToaTi» rjii6a, ho noTOMt 
on^TL Bce 3T0 pyxHexi, h IlBaHOBH'i'B BCTynaeT'B bi nojiHoe BJia- 
ji;tHie. TopacecTBO HBanoBH^a ne orpaHH^HBajiocB ofliHHMi* OTpHfl;a- 
xejiLEHMt npeBpaiii;eHieMi» ero jih^hocth Bt CMHCjii ero caMOOi^iH- 
KH, caMOnoHEMania, caMOonpe;i;ijieHiff. Oh-l coBepmaji'L ^yAOBHm;Hi>ia 
npecxynjieHiji. Oh^, HanpHMtpt, yenjit cbohxi ^txefl, cbok) ccmbk), 
nepeTpg^HJi'L hxi Bcixi ;i^o e;i,HHaro ctphxhhhom'b. BojiBHofi npn- 
5aBjraeTi>, ^ito noxoMt Kaac^HH pasi jjijiBJiajiGs, KaKHM-L o6pa30M'B 
OHt Bce eme OKasHBaexca bi acHBHxi. Ilpn axoMt npnnoMHHaex^ 
cjiyqaS, KaKt oHt y $pea, npn mh* (Kaacexca 1 iiojia) oxHecca Ki 
CBoeMy CHHy, aBEBmeMyca kx» neMy na CBH;i;aHie ;fl;jia onpoBepaceniff 
ero 6pefl;a o xomi», ^xo bca ero ceMBa oxpaBJiena cxphxhhhomi.. 
Oh-b HOMHHxi, KaKB OHB BcxptxHJH ero yrpioMO H ct ney^OBOJiB- 
cxBieM'B no noBO^y xoro, ^xo oh-b acHB^. Boo6iii;e sani^axeJiBHO, 
^xo BB naMflXH ero coxpannjiHCB Bci, ^aase MajiMmia Bneqaxjitaia 
H3B BHtosaro Mipa, fljomeflimia xorfl;a flio ero cosHania. Majio axoro, 
OHB ^OBOJiBHO xopomo HOMHHX'B CBOB noBefljeHie H ;!iiaffi;e QJiOBa bo 
BpeMa caMHxt ocxpaxx nepioji;oBT& cBoefl 6ojii3HH. He coBciai'B 
^CHO npHHOMHHaerB ohb xojibko ^exajLH fipej^OBx,, oxjiH^aBmnxca 
KpaflneK) cjiohhocxbio h 6Hcxpoio CMinoio npejucxaBJieHifl, xoxa bx 
xo BpeMa npe;i;cxaBJieHia 3xh oxjiH^ajiHCB xaKofl apKoio o6pa3HOCXBio, 
^xo npH ero pascKasi ohh Kaacyxca noxoacHMH na cjioacHEfa rajurio- 
i^HHan;iH, x. e. o6pa3H 9xh hm^b o6'BeKXHBHpoBajiHCB bo bh^ ero. 
noBH;i;HMOMy, Kaacji,oe npe^cxaBJieHie y Hero HM^exB ckjiohhocxb co- 
npoB03Kji;axBca rajijiK)i],HHaiiiaMH (hjih nceBfl;orajiJiK)aHHai^iaMH) xixx 
opranoBB ^yBCXBi, Koxopna nrpaioxi pojiB bb o6pa30BaHiH axHXX 
npe^cxaBjieHifl. Bxhmb fl;ojiacHO, a ffyMaio, ofiBacHHXB o;i;HOBpeMeHHoe 
cyni;ecxBOBaHie bb ero 6pefl;ax'B rajiJiH)n;HHai^ifi h sp^Hia, h cjiyxa, 
H ^yBcxBHxejiBHOcxH, H o6ni;aro ^lyBcxBa. Ohb boo^Iio bh;i;hxb KaKyro- 
HH6y;i;B JIH^HOCXB, cjiHDiHXB ea cjioBa h b% xo ace Bpena nojiy^aexB 
H ODiiyniieHia ocasaxeJBHBia h MHme^HHa, KaKi nanpHMipB, b-b 
cjii;!iiyK)ni,eM'B cjiy^ai: cxohxi nepe;!;^ hhmb kxo-xo (Kaacexca, Mona- 
xHHa Maprapnxa), npHKa3HBaexB OMy BHxanyxB pyKH jia;n;oHaMH 
BBepxB H ;i;axB hxb onjieBaxB. BojiBHofi h bha.hx'b, h ^yBcxByexB, 
KaKB jia;i;0HH ero chjiohib noEpHXH xojicxhmb cjioeMB njieBKOBB. 
Efliy npHKa3£iBaK)XB no^necxH pyKH kb JiHH;y h ofimasaxB ero axoft 
ra^ocxBH). Ohb axo HcnojiHaext. IIo^odHHMH nyxaMH eMy cjiy^ajiocB 
Ha BpeMa BOCKpecHXB bb ce6i Tjiifia hjih cob^cxb, ho HeHa^oJiro. 
BcKop^ onaxB BcxynajiB bb cboh npana HBanoBH^B". 

Ilosace, Korfl;a 6pefl,B rjii6a HBanoBH^a npHHajiB MHCXH^ecKifl 
xapaKTep-s, y A-pa CnHaHH HaxoflHM^B TaKyio aanncL: 

„Bpe;i;B ero oxHOCHxejiBHO 'jmji,e% ecjiH ero ocmhcjolhxb, momcho 
H3JI05KHXB cjiij^yK)ni,HMB o6pa30MB. Korflia roBopaxB rjii6B HBano- 
BH^B ycnencKifl, AjreKcafl?i;pa BacHJiBeBHa YcneHCKaa, AjieKcaH;i;pB 
rjit6oBHqB ycneHCKifi h x. u., xo 9xh jiHi^a anjiaioxca caMBiMH op- 
3;HHapHHMH cy6BeKxaMH, jiHn,aMH, HH^ero ne 3Ha^yni;HMH, HH^ero 


t 


138 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

no^TH He GToioiunMH, o6jiaji;aK)iipMH BcesosMOHHUMH HecoBepmeH' 
cTBaMF. Ha3Ba6inH kxti o6HqHHMH HX'B HMenaMH, oirqecTBaMH n $a- 

MEJliflMH, EX% jmmSLJOTb BCAEHXl BLICmHX'L ^yXOBHUXX Ka^eCTBl. 

EcjiH ace hxt» HaaBiBaxB tojibro HMeHaMH, to ohh ocBo6o»c;i;aiOTCA 

OTl BCflKHXt Ka^eCTBt, npHCymHXt OTfl;tJIBHHMt HHJi;HBHJi;yyMaMt, 

CBoficTBeHHMM'B o6uKHOBeHHHMi ^ejioBt^ecKHM'B cymecTBaMi; Torflia 

OHH flBJIHIOTCfl HOCHTejIflMH BUCOEHX'B ^^yXOBHHXl KB.HQCTB'h, XapEK- 
TepH3yK)IU;HX'B T^XX CBHTHXt, KOTOpHC HOCHTl 3TH HMCHa, H He 

TOJiLKO o^Horo KaKoro-HH6yfl;i> cB^Toro, ho h Bctxi BOo6ni;e BejiH- 
KHX'B JiK);i;ed noA'B t^mh ace HMenaMH^. 

Kt> MHCTH^ecKOMy Cpefliy ycnencKaro mh eni;e BepHCMCH. Tenept 
j^jiH Haci BaacHO no;i;^epKHyTL ero 0T;n;tJieHie jTHinaro n^eHH ort 
oxqecTBa h ero OTpH^aTeJILHoe OTHomenie Kt nocjiifliHeMy, fl;oxo- 
OTBmee ji;o ynopHOfl 6opi»6H Meacfl;y cBtTjiHMi FjiiSoMi h npe^cia- 
BHTejieMi MpaKa h sjia — HBanoBH^eMt. ^HTaiejiL bh^htx, ^to bocl 
yacact ^reneajioriH" hjih nepBHxt rjiaBt 6iorpa$iH ycnencKaro, 
OTi KOToparo y nero ;i;o 20 jriTT. „cep;^nie 6hjio ne Ha MicT*" h 

KOTOpHfi OHt CTapaJICH Ct KOpneM'B BUpBaXB HSt CBOefl naMflTH, 

BcnjiMJit TaKH Bt HeM-L Bt My^HTejiLHHX'L ^opjiaxi 6peji,a. Ho a 
jaiyMaK), hto h paHtrae oh'b Chjh My^enHKOMt 6ojiLHofi coBtcTH, 
npHHHBHiefi Bt 6pejaiy $opMy 6opl6h Tjiifefia ct HBanoBEqeMi, jih^ho 
eMy npHHaweacani;aro j^yxosHaro na^ajia h nojiyqeHnaro no Ha- 
cjit^^cTBy. KaKi hh ^aHTacTHqna mbicjil YcneHCKaro, ho Bt Heft 
ecTB aepHO hcthhu. KpHTHKO-6iorpa$HqecKifl npient, o6pan^aioiiyS 
HHcaTejiH Bi KaKyK)-TO 6e3njiOTHyK) MaTOMaTHqecKyio TO^Ky — i^eHTpt 
nepeKpemiHBaiomiHXCH BJiianifl Hacj[*;i;cTBeHHOCTH h cpe^^H, BHKypn- 
BaeTx Hst Hero Beet jih^hhA apoMaii, Bce, qiiii* CHt OTJiH^aeTCJi 
OTB jnojieij Haxo;^a^^Hxca no^i t^mh ace BJiianiaMH h tto ohi 
qacTO co3HaTej[LHO Bpaac;ne6H0 npoTHBonocTaBjraeTi sTHMt Bjiia- 
HiaMTb. MoacHO, noacaayft, BospasHTB, ito ycjioBia cpe;n;H h oco6eHHO 
Hacjii;n;cTBeHHOCTH anniL bt. o^ohb pi;^KHXi, ;i;aace HCKjrroqHTejTBHHX'B 
cayqaaxi Toacji,ecTBeHHH fl;jia pa3HHxi jiio;niefi. Yace oji;Ha pa3HHi^a 
Bi Bospacrfe po;i;HTeaefi cxapmnxt h Maa;a;mHXi fl;tTeft cosinaerB paa- 
jiH^HHa ycjiOBia saqam h yTpo6HoS acH3HH, a, cjiiji;oBaTeaBHO, h 
pasJinqnyK) Hacjitfl;cTBeHHOCTL. Ho mh HHKor;i;a ne 6yji;eM'B Bt co- 
cToamn npoHHKHyTt bb 3TH TaHHCTBe^HLIe y3JiH cjioacHuxi kom6h- 
Haiufl h cbbcth kx hhmi HHfliHBH;i;yaaBHHa oco6eHHOCTH ;n;aHHaro 
jinii;a. KaKi 6u hh yrj[y6jiajica Hami aHajiHS-B BJOLianifi Haca^;^- 
CTBOHHOCTH H cpe^H, Bcorj^a ocTaneTca h^^to xaKoe, m:o mh 
;i:ojiacHBi npH3HaTB an^Hoft KpacoTofl nan 6e3o6pa3ieM'B, anqnoi 3a- 
cayroS nan rptxoMt qeaoB^Ka. HaMflTya ocBini;eHie, fl;aHHoe ca- 
MBM-B YcueHCKHMt CBOofl „reHeaaoriH**, Ha;niO npH3HaTB, ito no Ha- 
cat3;cTBy ohb noay^Hat, BM-fecxi ct xy;i;oacecxBeHHHMt xaaanxoMi, 
aaqaxKH ncHXH^ecKoS HeypaBHOBimeHHOcxH h „cBHHoro aaeMenxa", 
KaKi BHpaacaexcff ;nBaKOHi bi pascKasi „HeH3aiqHMHS*'; anqno Me 
eMy, Fa^fiy, npHHa;naeacHT'L 6opB6a c% sxemi cbhhhmt> aaeMenxoMt 


JIHTEPATyPA H aCH3HL. 139 

H CTpacTHaa acaacina ffymesHaro paBHOBicia, rapMonin, KaKt Bt ce6fe 
caMOM-B, TaKi H B% oKpysaiomeS acnsHH.., B-b ainxB CTpacTHHXi 
noHCKaxB paBHOBicia h b-b aiofl 6opB6i — 6y^eMi> tobophtb: cb 
„HBaHOBH^eMX** — 3aKJiK)^aeTca Bca 6iorpa$ia YcneHCKaro, na^HHaa 
cb j^i^TCKaro HJiH pannaro lOHoniecKaro BoapacTa, Kor;i;a oh-b „6e3- 
npecTaHHO njiaKajix, ne snaa, OT^ero bto npoHCxo^nHTx", npofl;oji- 
acaa Bceio ero JiHTepaTypHoio ^iaxeJiBHOCTBK) h Konqaa TaacejiMMB 
BpeMeneMi noMpa^enia cosHama. 

^to6h oi^tHHTB, BO ^i?o o6xo;i;HJiacB YcneHCKOMy axa ero Bny- 
xpeHHaa sh3hb, na^o npnaaTB bi coo6paffieHie ero ,,o6Ha3EeHHHe 
HepBH", — a He SHaro HHKoro, kx KOMy aTo, HsoSptTenHoe KifeMi»-T0 
Hs-B Hamnxi jiOMaiomHxca ji;eKafl;eHTOBi» BHpaateHie TaKi no;i;xofl;HJio 6h. 
0;i;ho HSi caMLTXi) paHHaxi ero nnceMi ki acent (1868 r.) co3;ep- 
acHTB B'L ce6i, bb nepeMeacKy gb pasHMMH jiacKOBHMH cjiosaMH, 
TaKia coo6ii];eHia h B0CKJiHD;aHia: „Bfl;pyrB ciio ManyTy (11 qacoBi 
ho^h) xjiKHyjiB CTpaniHHfl ?^ioaK;^B, fl;o yacaca cTpamHHS, npocxo 
yacacB, yacacB. S. 6oh)cb xyBOfHTB CBt^y... MojiHia! CMepTB Moa, h 
rpoMB. YacacB. Efl Bory, a yupy!" Ohb 6oajica co6aKB, jromajefl, 
KpyTHXB cnycKOBB CB ropB, BO BpeMa KynaHBa Kpn^iaaB, Bxoflia 
BB BOfl;y, H T. n. 06o6m;HTB see axo npocTHMB cjiobomb „TpycocTB", 
o;i;HaKO, HejiBsa. Bo-nepBHXt, ohb 6oajEca He tojibko aa ce6a. 

"BaiUHTB CB HflM-B Ha HaBOB^HKife 6HBaJI0 HHOrjta HCTHHHHMB My- 

qeHBeMB, nonoaaMB co cm^xomb. OnacnocTH ^yflinaacB euy hocto- 
HHHO, H He TOJIBKO ^Jia ce6a, ho h ^aa ;i;pyrHXB: ^ji;yni;ifi Bnepeji;H 
ci;n;OKi, nepeciKaron^ifl KOHKy bb ;fl;o6pBrxB ipexB caa^enaxB otb 
Hea, npHBOfl,HaB ero bb BoaneHie: cefiqacB nonafl;eTB noji,B KOHKy! 
SaT^MB, BB HeMB HpoaBaaaHCB HHor;i;a ^epTBi, KOTopwa yme hh- 
KaKB He MHpaTca cb TpycocTBio. 0;i;hhb naniB o6miifl npiaTeaB paa- 
cKaaHBaaB mh*, KaKB oji;HaacjaiBi bb IlapHatife, na ero raaaaxB h ot- 
^acTH H3B-3a Hero, paarniBaHHHft rpy6ocTBK) noaHii;eficKaro cep- 
acanxa, TaifiB HBanoBH^B cxBaraa-B ero aa mHBopoTB h yace aa- 
MaxHyaca naaKofi; Hcxopia KOH^HaacB 6aaronoayqHO, 6aaro;n;apa 
BMtoaTeaBCTBy cToaBmnxB nofianaocxH $paH^y30BB, yanaBmnxB, 
HTO cepacaHTB HM^exB jii^jio CB HHOCTpaHmaMH. 06HKH0BeHH0 ji;eaH- 
KaTHHH H KpoTKifl („3a^iM'B a 6yi^y Sy^iHTB BB ^eaoBi^Ki cbhhbio?" — 
roBopnaB ohb bt> ofiBacnenie cBoeg, ;i;aace ^ipeaMipHofi ^eaHKaxHO- 
cth), — OHB HHorji;a cnoco6eHi 6HaB na piaKia BcnHniKH, bb koto- 
pHXB noTOM-B Bcer^a Kaaaca. OfliHaac;i;H ohb 6yKBaaBH0 BHrnaaB 
OT-B ce6a H^Koero r. Z, bb KoiopoMB cbkhbh npocnyaacB yace 
caHHiKOMB aBCTBBHHO. "Repeat HicKoaBKO ^Hefi Hocai aioro ohb 
HHcaaB MHi: ^KaaceTca, a OKOH^aTeaBHo CKopo Hcqeany cb aniiia 
seMan. IJiaBie ;i;hh ne Mory BCTaiB cb nocTean. Ottopo h ki BaMB 
He H^y. Z npHcaaaB mh4 hhcbmo, ho a ero ne HHTaaB. fl TaKB 
6oaeHB, ^TO 6ok)cb, ecan ohb Mena orop^raTB,— coBciMB ne 6yji;y 
BB cocToaniH „pa6oTaTB". PiniHBinHCB, naKonei^B, pacne^axaTB 
HHCBMO, OHB ocTaaca ji;oBoaeHB ero co;a;epacaHieMB, h ji;iao koh^h- 


140 pyOCKOE BOrATOTBO; 

jocB MHpoMi. Boo6me Bt npHMtnemH ki ebkj My;^peHO roBopHTB 

TpyCOCTH HJIH CM^JIOCTH. Bce Jl^^O 6tIJI0 B-L 06HaKeHHHXl Hep- 

Baxi, KOTopue paano, bi Ty hjih fl;pyryK) CTopony, ho Bcerj^a chjibho 
pearnpoBajiH na Bne^aiJiiHiff. 

H BOTE npefl;cTaBBTe ce6i TaKoro ^ejiOBtKa, nepeacHBaromiHM'L 
6peA'B H36ieHi« Bcefl ceaiBH h Bctxi ;^py3efl hjih co6cTBeHHaro npe- 
Bpamenia bi cbhhlk). A Meacfl;y xiM-L, Bci 3th yacacH, h enne 6ojii>mie, 

Hpe^CTaBJEHJIH CO6OE) TOJILKO ^aHTaCTHqeCEH KOM6HHHpOBaHHKJI H 

npeyBOJiHqeHHHH BOJinemH, nepesHBaeMUS ycnencKHM'b h bx 3^0- 
poBOMi cocTOflHiH. Bi KopHi Vjii6i> HsaHOBHqi ocTaBajicH h 6ojib- 
hhmx Bce Tiwb xe rjit6oMi> KsanoBH'^eM'L^ KaKHMi mu ero snajiH 
3;^opoBHM'B, — Bce xaKi ace BOSBHnieHHO HacTpoeHHHMi, Bce laKB se 

SaHHTUMt 6opB60BD CO 3JI0MX H MpaKOMl, KOTOpaff TGHepB TOJIBKO 

Bca o6paTHJiacB BnyipB ero co6cTBeHHofi 7i;yniH, HaKOHe^'B fl;aace Bce 
'laKB ace lajiaflTjiHBHMi., noTOMy hto HtKOTopBifl h3b ero 6e3yM- 
HMXB ^anxadiS nopaacaioxi cBoeio opHrHHajiBHoS Epacoxoi. 

Bx> npomjiHfi pas'B a. npHBOAHJn* oxpHBORi hs'b ero nncBMa kb 
r-aci N, bb KoxopoMi owh Kaexca, ^xo 6ujrb y nea „bx nBanoMB 
bh;;^ . Ho qxo ace oh-b ;^ypHa^o hjih ynnsHxejiBHaro c^^taaai bb 
axoM-B HBHHOMB BH^^t? HH^ero HOfljofiHaro. 1131 xoro ace nncBMa 
bh^ho, ^xo OHi „^popH^aJI'B anxepaxypi h ^aMaxi, KoxopBixB 
Ha;i;o yuepacaxB b'b npe^iaaxi cepBesnaro HHxepeca". TaKi h Sojb- 
hoh oh'b ycxpeMaaai cBoe BHHManie HCKaio^HxeaBHO na BHCOKia 
xeMH. JI^HeHnHEi ^-pa CHHann nepenoaneHi Me^Hi^HHGEHMH noApo6- 

HOCXaMH, MeaCfliy KOXOpUMH eCXB H $H3H«ieCKH He^HCXOnaOXHHH, H 

BB fl;pyrflX'B oxHomeniax'B Hey^o6oHa3BiBaeMHa. H, He CMOxpa na 

3X0, ^IHXaa Ji;HeBHHKB, BH BCe BpOMH HaXOffHXeCB Bl HtKOXOpoft B03- 

BHmeHHofl c$epi&, ofiBoaaKHBaion^efi, npoHHKaiomieS C06010 h npe- 
o6pa3yH)ni,efl rpasHHa noj^po6HOCXH, — onfi pacxBopaioxca b'b ea 

^HCXOXt. 

^HxaxeaB o6paxHa'B, Moacexi 6hxb, BHHManie Ha noMnnaiomyroca 
bb fljHeBHHKi MOHaxHHio MaprapHxy, Koxopaa noMorajia nec^acxHOMy 
BB 6opB6i CB ^HfiaHOBH^eMB". 9xa MonaxHHa .Maprapnxa nrpajia 
Boo6me 6oaBinyio poaB bb ero 6peA0BHX'B Hjijeax-B. Bb ^HOBgHKB 
sanecena, Meacfliy npo^HMX, cai;i;yK)niiaa ero 3anHCB: ^Bhxo^'b. Bet 
KoaoKoaa (ceroAHa BOCKpeceHBe) npo3BOHHaH mh*: Bo BpeMa oho 
rat6B HfianoBH^B ycnencKifl ^BiaB BosHeceni na He6eca bo Bce- 
aeHHyjo h fiBiai ohb ba'^cb b'b o6pa3^ MonaxHHH MaprapnxH bb 
6paxcK0M:B coi03'fe cb hhokom'b pafioMX 6oaciHMB rai6oMB. BceaeH- 
Haa Bi HedecaxB a ehj^^jib (fl;aaBine ne pa36op^HBo). A 'xenepB ohb 
CHji.HX'B 3a cxoaoMB coBctM^'^.. Ha 3X0MB 3anHCB o6pHBaexca. 06b 
axofl MonaxHHi Maprapnxt ohb h mh^ mhopo pa3B pa3CKa3HBaaB, 
o^OHB KapxHHHO OHHCHBaa ea noaBJienie. Ona noctmaaa ero eme 
BB doaBHHD;* fl;-pa $pea, npHHOca cb co6ofi yxtnieHie h o6o;i,peHie. 
HHKaKOH MOHaxHHH MaprapHTH OHi, Kaacexca, ne snaaB, no Kpafi- 
HOH M^pi, a paHBHie HHKor^a ne caBixaa'B oxi Hero axoro hmchh. 


jiHTBPATypA H :am3Bh. 141 

9to 6h3io TOCTiflmee cos^aHie ero 6ojiLHoft ^aHTasin. He' cMOTpa. 
Ha acHBonncHoe HsofipameHie en ^oi^BJIe^iff, napyacHOCTH esi ji laKi 
H He 3Haio; snaio tojilko, ^to bi» nefl 6bijih co6paHH h KaK^-TO 
cnaffHH Bci Jiy^imiff cTopoHH bc^xx JiyqniHX'E HSB^^cTHHXt eny 
aceHD3;HHi», npn qem ohi nepe^HCjiHji'B nxt noHMeHHo. 

HaiHO 3aMtTHTB, ^TO Bl SfliOpOBOMt COCTOSHiH YcfteHCKifi eHJii 

coBepnieHHO paBHOjuymeHx Kt pejiHrioBHHMi BonpocaMt. He to, 

^T06h OB'S He B^pHJIt BT> 6HTie 607Sie HJIH Bt HCTHHHOCTB XpH- 
CTiaHCKHXt JHOriiaTOB'L, HJIH COMH^BaJICa BI HHXt, — npOCTO OHl He 

ocTanaBJiHBajiCH na axHXi npe^jMeTaxi. HiKOTopHxi> cb. pyc- 

CKHXl yrOfljHHKOBt OHt BHCOKO ^THJIt 3a TO, ^TO OHH „300JI0- 

TH^ecKyK) npaBji;y" Hapoji;Hofi kihshh CTapajiHCL nofl;HffTL ;n;o bli- 
coTH xpHCTiancKofi MopajiH. Oco6eHHO ewy npasHjiacB Hapo;fl;Haa 
jiereH^a o cb. HHKOJiaife ^yfl;oTBopii;4 h cb. KacLffHt: nepBHft ^BEjca 
Ki Bory B'B rpff3Hofl h H3opBaHHofi o;i;eac^t, noTOMy hto npoBO^^HJi'L 
BpeMa B'B Tpyfl,i, h 3a bto Bofb npeji.ocTaBHJi'L eMy mhofo npasji,- 
HHKOBt Bi» rofl,y; KacLan'L ace npeji;cTajii» bi hobomi h 6jiecTani;eM'b 
napa^*, h sa aio eny 7i;aH'B tojilko o;niHHi> npa3ji,HHKi> bx ^OTHpe 
I'Ojia. Bee 3to ne hm^jio HHKaKoro OTHomenia ex pejiHriosHMMt 
ji,orMaTaMi. h oSpajiiaMt. Ho bi 6oJIBHH^i (Bt KojimobckoS yace) 
ero oxBaTHJio MHCTH^ecKH pejiHrio3Hoe HacTpoenie, a brt'^wl owl 
cTajit HcnojiHaTB h fl;epKOBHHe o6pafl;H. Jl^-fejio na^ajiocL na hohb* 
Bce Tofl ace BnyTpeHHefl 6opb6h ci ^HBaHOBHieM-B". 

Ho sjijhch BS,wb HyffliHo cjs,^8iTh ^OBOJiLHO SojiBHioe OTCTynjienie. 

BpeaieHaMH Tjvh6j HBanoBH^y cxaHOBHJiacB Jiyqme. Bx jiHeBHHKi 
A-pa CHHaHH BCTptqaeTca, nanpHMipi, TaKaa 3anHCB: ^npofljOJiacaeTt 

HHCaTB. ^HTaeTl, nOBHfl;HMOMy, o^ohl tojikobo. Ot3hbh HHcaTe- 

jiaxx H T. n. OTJiH^aiOTca o6cToaTejiBHOCTLK), yfitpeHHOCTLio, SHanieMi 
^tjia. Boo6ni,e npoH3BOfl;HTi» Bne^aTJiinie Kpafine OTpa;i;Hoe. ^to to 
Syj^OTi? HeyacejiH TjL^6'h HBanoBH^i nopasHTi naci h nonpaBHTca 
HacTOJiBKo, TOO 6y;i;eT'L i^aace nncaTL nonpeacneMy? K 6ok)cb ;i;aace 
Me^TaTB 06% aTOMt". Ho, o^eBH;n;Ho, fliOKTopx Me^ajii, h ohthmh- 
cTHHecKifl Bsrjia;!;^, xoTa h o^ent pifliKO, no;i;cKa3HBajica ne tojibko 
o6i»eKTHBHHMH fliaHHHMH, a H j[K)6oBHHM'L oTHomeHieiit Bpa^a Kt 

SOJIBHOMy. KaKTb-fiH TO HH 6hJI0, ho j50JIBH0My CTaHOBHJIOCB BpoMe- 

HaMH HacTOJiBKO Jiy^Hie, ^ito owh idjijiJL%, CB npoBOsaTHMH, Kone^- 
HO, B'B HoBropo^i, nociftni;aji'B TaMi snaKOMBixt, iuBdiXh na seiipKHXi 
codpaniaxx, OTnycKajica k^b ce6i bi Hy;i;oBO, oTKy^a A^jiajxt aiobojibho 
SoJiBHiia aKCKypcin, i3^HJii» h b% IIeTep6yprB. Bi» fiojiBmHHCTB^ 
cjiy^aeB'B 3;ajiBHia nois^KH OKan^HBajiHCB xy^o. Boti nicKOJiBKO 
aanncefi j^-pa CHHaHH: 

„24/iy (1898). rjEifiT* HBanoBH^'B ceroja;Ha OTnpaBHJica ninir 
KOMX B'B Hy;i;oBO B'B conpoBoacAOHia CTenanoBa. 

„29lIV, Bepnyjica co mhoS o6paTHO. 

„5/F. BHHHcajica B'B ^y^OBO. ConpoBoac^aeT'B ero CTenanoBt. 

„9iyL CerofliHa npaniJiocB npHBecTH ero o6paTHO bi Kojimobo. 


[ 


142 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

oKhshb Bi ceML-b oRasajiacB j^jia Hero RpaSee He6jiaronpiiiTHoio. C'b 
nepBuxi) ace ahbS gobm^cthoS 2ch3hh cl aceHoio oh'l pasoqapoBajicH 

B'L OAHOMl H3X CHJILHO SaHHMaBmBX'L erO SejiaHJfi... IIOA'B fiJliflHieMT» 

oxqaAHia oh'l 11 Maa ghjilho pa3M0HUBHJ['B ce6% m^kIh qacTH xe- 
MeHH KaMHeMi. Kor^a a npiixaji'B Ei HeMj, oh'l coisajitJi'B, qTo oh'l 
TaK-B ffocTynHjn>, 06'BacHHJi'B cboh nocTynoKi KpaxKOBpeMeHHUM^L 
cyMacinecxBieM'B e npn axoBi'B, KaE'B-6M bi o6T»jicHeHie moxhbob'l^ 
npHBej^mHxt ero B'L 9io cocxoame, nporoBopHJix cjrij^yiomyH) $pa3y: 
„qxo-ace?'nHcaxejiB a ne nncaxejiL, oxe^'B a ne oxenjt — ceMtio mobo 
cojuepacaxi j^pyrie, a ne jt, Myacx a ne iiyacL; HHKOMy jt ne Hyaeni, 
a xojiLKO Bi xarocxB**. Hi&Mi ;^aJiLine, xtm SojiLme 6hjio noBoji;oB'B 
fl;jui pasoqapoBaHiS. HoflBBjiHCB yrpiOMOCxt, MOJiqajiHBOcxL, ney^o- 
BJiexBopennocxB, Aoca^a Ha oe6si h na ORpysaDnprxi*, pasjopajKHxejiB- 
HOCTB. IXoaBBTJiHCB ^epraHte ce6a sa Sopofliy, 6opMOTaHBe npo ceSa 
^past Bpo;i;i cjitfl;yioniiHX'B: „3000 bi ro^^", ^Came^Ka npit^exi,", 
„noniejii bohi" h x. n., mymyEaHBe, BHAHxanie Bpofl;* cBHcxa, 
BcxpaxHBaHie rojiOBoS h x. n. HacHJiLcxBenHBia ABHsenia^ i^apanaHBe 
paHBi. HaEOHeut, cxajii ce6i naHocHxt cHJBHHe yftapH no rojiOBife, 
no BHCEaMt, cxpeMJienie pasMoacacHXt ce6t rojiOBy najTEoro. H4- 
CEOJILEO ji^EeS. xoMy Ha3aAT» enie mosho 6hjio cjinmaxb xaEia $pa3u 
B^ ero 6opMOxaHfcH: „CameqEa npi^fliexi", „Haji;o anxt**, pafl;oM'L co 
cjiOBaMH: ^noniejn. BOHt". Pa3ji,paacHxejrBHocxB ffomjia ;i;o xoro, qxo 
0HX> cxajii* noEpnsBBaxB Ha OEpyjEaion^nxi, rnaxB bohi ^Eeny n ji^k- 
xefl. A$$eEXH rntBa Bce ycHJTHBajiHCB, dnjii ce6a, yrpoacajit y6HXB 
ce6a, y6HXB HaH6ojiie 6jih3ehx'b eny qjienoBi ceiiLH, pasi ohh 
q*M'B-HH6y;nifc eMy npoxHBoptqnjiH. Cont cxajn njioxi, Bce xpe6o- 
Bajii SulfonaFa, EOxoptiS, o^naEO, Majio eny noMorajii. To h jifkjLo 
yromaji-B ce6a non^e^HnaMH. Yace ohx ne cjiymajrca h Mena. Upa 
MH* c^ijiajix cxpamHyio ci^eny CBoefl ceMBt, teslju, aceny bohtb 3a 
xo^ qxo ona BushduiSL ^ena, narHaji'L ymacL na ^OMamnnxi; EOrjua a 
odtaBEjcL eMy, qxo a ero B03BMy o6paxHO B'L Kojimobo, xo owl 3a- 
EpHqajit H Ha Mena h, HaEOHen;^, cxajri rnaxB bohi» h Mena, yrpo- 
acaa y6HXB h Mena, n ;^ixefi, h ce6a. CaMO co6oh) pa3yM'feexca, qxo 
ce6i oHi HaHOCHJi'B npa axoait ox^aannHa noni;eqHHH. Cocxoame ero 
j^OMa MoacHo xapasxepH30BaxB ^t> EpaxEHxx» caoBaxG^ xaEHUfB o6pa- 
soMt: co3HaHie acnoe, dpe^noBHXt h^^S He3aM'hxH0, HacHJLCxBeHHHa 
npe;i;cxaBjieHia, HacHJiBcxBeHHwa j^ificxBia, Epafinaa pa3fl;paacHxeaB- 
HocxB, HaEJEOHHOCXB E'B a$$eExa&[^ rn^Ba, nepexo;i;an^HMi cefiqacB 
ace B-B HteHOcxB, jiacEy, caMOoSBHHenie, ho na o^eHB EopoxEoe BpeMa; 
GxpeMjieHie E'B GaMoyBtqeHiio, caMoSHqeBaniK), nejuoBOJiBGXBO co6ok), 
He HGEJiioqaion^ee ji;oGaAH Ha Apyrnxi, ne HCEJiioqaiomee npoxeGxa 
npoxHB'B fl;pyrHX'L 3a HOHGnojiHeHie ero acejianifi, yrpo3H hmi h fl;aace 

rOXOBHOCXB OGEOpSnXB HXX» He XOJIBEO CJIOBaMH, HO H ;i;ifiGXBieM'B. 

3aM^qaxejiBHaa naMaxB!" 

OflHaEO, BX) axy ace ijoHBCEyio nofe^Ey, a nMOHHO noGai npo- 
ryjiEH H3'B ^yj^OBa bi rpy3HH0, y nero 6ujvb MOMenxi Heo6MEHO- 


X 


JIHTEPATyPA |H 3KH3HB. 143 

BeHHaro 6jiaaceHCTBa, KoroptiS ont noTOMt ^acTO BcnoMHHajix. B. H. 
CnnaHH sanHCHBaeTt: 

„BocKpecaB)Ti BOcnoMHHaHia npeHMymecTBeHHO Ttxt cii;eH'B, 
KOTopHfl ;i;ocTaBJiajiH eny ^jbctbo 6jiaaceHCTBa, BOCTopra, nanp. 
MaprapHTa, ho ocodenHO cocToaHie Toro se^epa uocjii TpyaHHa. 
Bepnyjica ont TO^;^a hb'l FpysHHa ci Mpa^HHMH mhcjijimh. Ho 
BOTi HO^K) OEi> CTajit HcnHTHpaTL yAHBH;rejii>Hoe asjieHie npeBpa- 
menia bo BceM:L lijii. Ho BCOMy Tijiy cTajio pasjiHsaTLca, Ha^H- 
Haa ct HOFB, KaKt ajieKxpHqecKifl toki», ^to-to xopomee, lenjioe. 
Ont BecB npeo6pa3HJrca, om% ^yBCTBOBajii ce6a ciacTJiHBHMt, ohi 
BOCKpeci, OHX gyBCTBOBajTi ce6a TaKi, KaKt HHKorfl;a aa Bci cboh 
50 jiiTt. OHt 6hji'b coBepmeHHO HHCxt, 6e3i naTHHmKa, coBciMX 
CBflTofl. Owh ji^ojimewh Cujvh coxpanHTB 3to cocTOHHie HaBcerfl;a, 
Ha errnu, Ohi. fl;oJi3KeHi» 6hjii BCTaxL h nofliH Kt aceni, ho ohi, 
9Toro no^OMy-To He cjijhAdtJVh. npo;i;ojiKaji'B jreacaxB, h bot'b oh-b 
cxajix ^yBcxBOBaxB, KaKX. y nero xo xaMx>, xo sflitcB noxpecKHBaexi 
^epeni, Hacxpoenie yxy;i;niaexca, bx» rojiOBy saSapaioxca Mpa^HHa 
MBicjiH. Tpe^aji-B, xpeni;ajiT& ^epera h ji;oxpeniajica fl;o xoro, ^xo na 
cji^fliyioni;ee yxpo ohi cxajri pa36HBaxB ero. Ohi ho js^ojiMewh 6ujn> 
3xoro A^JiaxB, ho ^ojiaceHi 6uji'h npej^aBaxBca ox^aaniK) no cjiy^aio 
npoxoayi;eHia xoro y^HBHxejiBHaro cocxoania. Ohs omH6o^HO ji;yMajix, 
^xo 3X0 cocxoanie Hc^esjio coBctM'B. Oho ho Hc^esjio. Oho ocxa- 

JIOCB Bl HOMl. JI^OKasaxeJIBCXBO XOXB xo, ^XO OHl BCHOMHHaeX'B II 

BOcnoMHHanie BH3HBaexx» bi neM-B xenepB xo ace cocxoanie. Ohx. 
BipHx:B, ^xo fiyjiiex'B HcnHXHBaxB 3xo cocxoanie Bce ^ani;e h 6ojiBnie, 
H ^ixo Bi KOHD.'fe KOHi];oBX. OE'h BXi HeMTb yKpinHXca, H oh-b OKa- 
acexca OKon^axejiBHo h HaBcer;i;a ^ccnpec^uuM^ h KaKi ^lejiOB'feK'B, h 
KaK^B HHcaxejiB. H 6y;i;exx» om> HucmuM'h, c6HmuM^^ Oyinexx nncaxB". 
KpoMi HOCxoaHHaro, ynopnaro cocpe^^oxo^ema mbwjih na Heo6- 
xo^MocxH H o6a3aHHOcxH „OKOHqaxejiBHO BOCKpecnyxB", Tjiid-B Hna- 
HOBH^'B ynoxpe6jiajii h HfeoxopBie MexannqecKie npieMH ji;jia fl;ocxH- 
jKeHia axofi n;tjiH. Meacfliy npoHHMi, 3a BpeMa 6oji'I3HH y Hero pa3- 
BHJiacB cxpaHHaa npHBU^Ka nocxoanno ^xo-xo menxaxB npo xe6a. 
Jt-py CHHaHH oHi o^HaacfliH ofiiacHEJii, ^xo npn axoM-B ohx „Be- 
jD^ex-B 6opB6y ci xbmoio, ne coBciMi eni;e HC^esnyBnieK) hsi ero ro- 
jioBBi**. „Bt& xi MOMOHXH, Korflja OHi Kaacexca OKpyacaK)niiHMX> cxpan- 
HHMX», OHi Be;^ex'B 6opB6y, owb cojuificxByexi ynpo^eniH) cBoero 
BOCKpecenia, cqacxia. Korja;a jupyrnMi Kaacexca, ^ixo oh-b cbhcxhx'b, 
^liyex'B H X. H., OHi fl;^Jiaexi CBoe ^tjio bx, nojiB3y HCKopeneHia 3;yp- 
Horo, Mpaqnaro, xeMnaro (xo^ho onpe;i;ijiHiB ne Moacexi) xtMi, ^xo 
men^ex^: „^ecTi>io h coBicxBio". A Kor;i;a ohx BCKH^HBaex-B rojiOBy, 
owh KaKX» 6h oxMaxHBaexca oxi Mpa^naro h men^ex'B: „cHacxie". 
„TenepB ohi y6iacfl;eH'B, ^xo xopomee bt& neux, ne uornfijio, ^xo 
OHO BOcxopacecxByexB OKOH^axejiBHO. „So6pocoB^cxHOcxB, — roBO- 
pHxi, — HHKorfl;a ne Hcqe3ajia y Mena OKonqaxejiBHo". By;niexxi 
a?aKx», ^xo Bi HOMi ocxanyica xojibko ^ecxB, cobJcxb, jih)6obb, c^a- 


I 


144 


PFCOKOB BOrATCTBO. 


/ 


\ 
/ 


die H T. n. H owh 6y;i;eT'B nncaTL. noBHfl;HMOMy, ohx KaKt 6u to 
H A*Jio npoHSBOj^HTt Ha^jt C060KJ SKcnepHMeHTH caMOBHymeHia". 
OAHaKO, HHor;i;a OHt npH6iraji'B h ki 6ojite rpyCHMi cpe^^CTBaMt: 
KOJioTHJi'E ce6H no rojiOB^ ce n;tJii>K) bh6htl OTTyfl;a ;i;ypHHa mhcjih... 

A SaT^MTi erO fipe^OBUJI HAen OEpaCBJIHCB MHCTH^eCEHM'L I]^t- 

TOMi. Sort o^HO HBi ero nnceMi k% m.ewh: ^YBtpffK) Te6a, ;a;opo- 
raa Moa, ropa^aff jik)6obi> Kt Bory ci Ka»;i;ofi MHHyTofl oxBaTBiBaeTB 
MeHfl Bce 6ojiLine n 6ojiLine. Bejisqaflmee c^acTLe shtb na 6ijL0Mi> 
cBirfe, cBtTJioe inajieKoe 6yffyiD;ee o6paJ^ye•^B Bcixi, kto Mena: juo- 
6wjrhy KTO BOdJiaraeTi Ha mohh 6ojiBmiH HaAeac;i,B[. A a jiio6jiK) bc^x:b 
H BOGspecaio b'b juo^bb eo bc^i^'b GTpajKAyn^HM'b H o6peMeHeHHUjii'b^. 

H T. ^. Jt-py CHHaHH OHl rOBOpHJI'L Bl 9T0 BpOMff, ^TO ^BOCKpeCt 

Bi J1106BH Ki Bory. Bora, — ^HraeM-B ;i;ajiie bi fl;HeBHHKt, — noHEMaeT-B 
h% naHTencTHqecEOMi cmhcji^ h npHifiniHBaerb kj> Hency jao6oBh e 
6e3EOHe^HOCTL, He TO East aTpH6yTU, He to ebe'e chhohhmh. Bbi- 
xoflHTx no9THqecEoe, ;i;oBOJiBHO CTpofinoe Mipocoaepi^aHie, msjio no- 
xoasee na seJiHqaBHfi cjia6oyMHK[fi 6pe^'B napajiHTHEa. FoBop^ o 
6e3EOHeqHOCTH, Mipaxi h t. h., npH6aBJiaeT'L, ^to Bce 3to y Hero 
Bt rojioBi, B'B rojiOBt ero BceJieHHaa co 3Bi8fl;aMH h t. n.". Eme 
^ajite oHt CTaai ^anrejiOMi rocnofl;HHtt'E BceMorymnMii", cTajiH 
anrejiaMH n cbstmmh Bcb 6j[n3Eie si neMy, h, ^axce nnjiafl Hero;i;o- 
BaHieMi Ha B. H. CnHann^ OH'b HHcaJii* eny B'B TaKoS ^opni^: 
„AHrejiy Focnoj^Hio Bopncy. no3BOJiBTe npocHTB Baci HanncaTB 
MHt, Eanaa BJiacTB pyEOBo;i;HrE BaMH Ha;iio mhoA^ sceMoryuiHM'B 
anrejiOM'L-ipaHHTejieM'B, — no BJiacTH Focnoflia Bora hjih no BameMy 
CBoeBOJiiH)? AHrejii Focno^eHB Fjiidt". 

Ha;i;o, OAHaEO, hm^tb Bt bejij cjitfl;yion];yio oroBopsy ;^HeBHHEa: 
„CjiOBa renifl, anrejii, fl;aace Bon h t. n. annTeTH, npHHHCHBaejuHe 

H&[T» Ce6^ H 6JIH3SHMB OMy JIHI^aMT» BOBCO HO ^IjOJIIKHH 6hTB nOHH- 

MaeMEi, EaEB rpy6iii& Spe^B, BOo6m,e, n £as:B 6peA'B Bejin^i^r Bt 
qacTHOCTH. CeroffHa, Meacfl;y npo^iHHB, oHi ynoTpe6Hji'B cjiobo Bort 

BB npHM^HOHiH KB KpeCTBHHHHy, npH ^eWB, HO OfiHKHOBeHiK), HO MOFB 

060STHCB 6e3B Toro, m!o6u ne Ha3BaTB EpecTBHHHHa no $aMHJiiR 
(YrjiaHOBB). 06n];ifl ^mhcjib ero $aHTa3ifl cjii^^yionUfl: JIK);^H cotbo- 
poHBi TasB, ^to bb hexb 3ajio:KeHH Bci ocHOBanifl kb BcecTopon- 
HeMy coBepmeHCTBOBaHiK), eb BHCOKOniy pasBHTiio hxb ^yiOBHHXB 
(yMCTBeHHHXB, HpaBCTBOHHHXB H BCTeTH^ecEHXt) cnoco6HOCTe8 so 
TaEofl cTeneHH, qio ohh MoryiB noAHflTBca ^o CTenenn anrejioBB h 
ji^ssae BHme. Eor^a jiio;q,h CBo6o;a;HH otb bmheisi nacnjiifl, nopoEa, 

SeMHOrO, OHH CnOC06HH 6BICTpO paSBHBaTBCH fl;yXOBHO, nO^HHMaTBCH 

Bce BLime h BHme kb He6ecaMB, Bce 6ojiBnie h doJiBme ynoso6MTLCii 
BHcniHMB He6ecHHMB cyntecTBaMB, npHHHMaTB (jiyxoBHo) Bce bbic- 
mie H BHcniie pa3M^pH. Bb to se BpeMa opraHH3ai^ia hxb (j^yxoB- 
naa) cTanoBHTca Bce cjiojKnte, yTonqenHie, ntacHie, ^yscTBHTejiB- 
H^e. JlJia. Toro, qTo6H yfl;epmaTBCE na j^ocTHrnyTofl BHCOT-fe, Heo6xo- 
fl;HMO, qTo6H HH^iMB HO HapyniajiacB nojiniflmaa rapMOHia bb hxb- 


tc.. 


JIHTEPATyPA H aCHSHB. 145 

opraHHsai^iH, Heo6xo;^HMO, ^To6u hx-l HHCKOJihKO He Kacajiocfc BJiia- 
flie seMHoro, nopo^naro, HacHJOLBCTBeHHaro. ^jtl hxi KOCHyjiocB 
HT0-HH6yfl;B HH3MeHHoe, OHH cpaay HaHHHaioT'B 6HCTpo lepJiTB cboh 
Be6eGHBiA KaqecTsa h npHHEMaiOTB rpy6uji $opMH h pasM/lpH 3eM- 
nHX-B cymecTB-B, o6HKHOBeHHHX'B jiK);i;efl. HasHBajr Ti hjh ^pyria 
jiHfl;a, npnnHCKiBaa hmi t^ hjih fl;pyrie anHTeiH, oh-b, KaKx b]^;i;ho, 
HMieTi b'b BHfl;y He KOHKpeTHoe hxi cocTOHHie b-b fljaHHyio MHHyxy, 
a Ex% ^OTeH^iaJIBHyio cnoco6HOCTB**. 

B'B aTofl MHCTH^ecKH pacixB^qeHHoS ^aHTasin neTpy^^HO ycMO- 
TptTB lOTh H^eajii, kotojJhA ManHJii* k'b ce6^ rjii6a HBanoBsqa h 
Bi, 3;i;paB0MX cocToaniH, npndjiHaceHie kx KOTopoMy ohi» be^^jli, 
Bx yKJia;i;t MyjKHujtofl acHSHH, bi Benept MnjioccKofl, b'b ^^^BymK* 
noMTH MOHaniecKaro THna" h ocyni;ecTBJieHiff KOToparo bx caMOMi 
ceot OHi> TaKi> cTpacTHO acejiajii». Oho HaciynHJio, HaEOHe^'B, 8to 
ocymiecTBjieHie-, ho yace b^ 6e3yMHo8 $aHTa3iH. Jta h to ^aHTasia 
8Ta He past pa36HBaJiacB o CTpamntia BH;i;^fliff, b-b kotophx-b bc* 

6jIH3Kie flBJiaJEHCB HJIE 3JlO]l,^SlM^n, pasdoHHHKaMH, paSBpaTHHEaMH, 

npecTynHHKaMH HJIH jKepiBaMH BJio]i!k&CTBi> h npecTynjieHiS; h c»mi 
OH-B OKasBiBaJica 3Jio;i;'feeM'B, pa36oHHHKOM'B (no;i;'B h^kotopbimh sa- 

HHCKaMH OHl ThU'h H nO^HHCHBajICa: „Pa36o8HHK'B"), KOTOpHfl yfiHJI'B 

HJIH HoryeHJii., orpadHJiT* h t. n. bck) cbok) ceMBK), „3api3aji'B CBoft 
jMi, CBOH) ^yniy"... 

Ho fl;a HjiyT-B mhmo nacB 9th yacacu, ^OBO^HBniie cTpafl.ajiBn;a jifl 
nocjii;i;HHX'B npe;i;'fejiOB'B oxqaaniH. Mh^ xoqeTca bchomhhtb, bi 
saKJiio^eHie, YcneHCKaro c^acTJiHSMM-B, — hrckojibko Moacei'B 6htb 
c^acTJiHBi necqacTHBifl, to ecTB bx KpacHBoft, nojiiHHMaiomeft 6ojiBHofi 
Tijx'b $aHTa3iH. 

9to 6hjio Bi o^iiHH'B H3'B ero npii3ji;oBi hs-b KojiMOBa bi IleTep- 
6yprB. Oh'b 3a'633KajiT» ko mh* ho^th kqmjs^S. a^hb, a KpoMi Toro, 
a B-B 8TorB s&e npife^^ BH;n;ifejii» ero ^aasfliH b'b 6ojiBinHX'B co6pa- 
Hiaxi, Tjijh OH'B HenpeMtHHO xot^jii 6htb, ho CMOTpa na y6faB;^eHia 
He i^3fliHTB, — Ha o^flOM'B cTyji;eH^ecKOMi» Be^iepi bi ;n;BopaHCKOMi 
coCpaniH h na Sojibthom-b o6'fe^^ bi pecTopan-fe (6ok)cb omndHTBca, 
po, noMHHTca, 9T0 fifiijiTi H)6HJiefi A. M. CKa6HqeBCKaro). Ha ne^epfi 
MOJioji;eacB, ;i;aBHO ne BH;i;aBinaa cBoero jiK)6HMfl;a hjih ^aace tojibko 
no nHcaHiaMi 3HaBniaa ero, OKpyacHJia ero rycTofi CTtHofl. Bcer;na 

SaCT^H^IHBKlfl, TyTX OH'B OHJI'B 0C06eHH0 CMymeH^B, HO BMiCT^ •!» T^Wh 
npiaTHO B3B0JIH0BaHT>, B3B0JIH0BaH'B TaKX CHJIBHO, ^TO erO npHIHJIOCB 

cKopo yBecTH. Ha o6^jij^ hjih, To^H-fee, nocji^ o6^ji,^, Korfl;a bctsjih hb-b 
8a iTOJia H pa36HjiHCB no Ky^KaMi, BOJineHie ero ;i;ocTHrjio BHcmefi 
CTeneHH, cna^ajia ohx ^to-to inenTajii, a hotom'b cTaji^ rpoMKo h 
B036yffl;AeHHO roBopHTB o tom'b, tto Bct npncyTCTByiomie — anrejiBi; h 
onaTB npHiHJiocB yBeoTH ero. Ko mh^ oh'b npi^sacajix o6HKHOBeHHo ne- 
nepoMx H j^ojiro pa3CKa3HBajiT, o tom'b, ^to cb bewl npoHCxoji;HT'B h 
MTO ©me 6y;i;eTt npoHCxoji;HTB. FoBopHJi'B, HanpHM'Sp'B, ^to BHjtnT'B na 
noTOJiKt HJIH CKB03B HOTOJioKT^ 3B'fe3;i;Bi, H Kor;i;a a cnpaniHBaji'B, — oT^ero 

>^ 4. Ota^ji* II. ' 10 


I 


^K/: ■ * 


I 


146 PFCCKOB BOrATOTBO. 

S6 H TO HX'L He BSUEy, ]i,h H HHRTO^ EpOM'b HeiO, He BHAHITL, OH'L OTB^- 

^ajii»: „MHt 3T0 inaHo". — „no^eMy »e, FjeMi HBanoBH^'E, Bajit ^lano, 
a MHi He AftHO, H TaKOMy-TO, H TaKOMy-TO He jj;aHO?** — ^HoxoMy qio 
Si MHoro nepexEJH, ?ero hhrto He nepesHBaji'L, b^jul bu snaeie, a 
cynacHieAinHM'E 6hji'e^. H sax^M'B m%jvh xy;i;osecTBeHHu8 pa3- 
cRa3T» MOHaxHHi MaprapHxi, KOTopaa HBjifljiacL is,i> Heny ci yi4- 
^menieifB h noM^psKofi. HHor^a pasroBopi na^HHajica cb KaKOft- 
HH6y;i;i> xeKyn^ei sHTeficKoS xeMH, hjih ce BOcnoMEHaHia: o kom'b- 
HH6yfl;L HJIH 'leM'L-HHfiyfliB, HO 6HCxpo. nepexoAHJix ki x^Mt xe 

SBtSAaM'B, BHAEMHJTb CRB03B HOXOJIOKl, HJIH Kli JQ)yrHM'B Hpe^Me- 

Taut, EOToptie eiiy „;iiaHo** BH;^txL hjih oni;yni;axL. TaK'L ohi MHoro 
pasTi BOSBpan^aJiCH ts.% CBoed chocoShogxh jiexaxB. Oh:^ yxnepscjcaji'L, 
?xo BMy ^^ano'' ;i;HHiaxL ne xaE'B, Kas^B iniEimeMB bc% mbi, jiersHMn: 
OHB fljumext BctMt xi^JiOMt, y Hero h hofh HanojineHti B03;^yxoMt, 
H eMy HH^ero ne cxohxi noffHHXtca 3a oCjiaKa h „6MCTpo-6Hcxpo'* 
;nojiexixL ji;o jiK)6ofl 3Bt3ji;H. Ha BHpaaceHie coMHi^Hia, ont oxBi- 
qajiB Bce xi^MB se: „MHi ^ano^, h ^ano HMenno 3a nepesHxua 
HMB cxpaAania. Cboh) cnocofinocxL jiexaxt owh naMipeni 6Hjnb 
nycxHXB wh xo^i na 6jiaro Bcero ^ejiOB^^ecxBa h, roBopa 061 
axoMi, owh pHCOBaji'L rpaH;i;io3HyH) KapXHHy: Kor;i;a nacxanexi Bpeica, 
owh bh;i;hmo fl;jw bc^xb nofl;HHMexca na Bos^j.yxt h ofijiexExi bo- 
Kpyrt 3eMHoro mapa, h axoxx ho^bhfb xaKi nopasHxi jm);i;efi, tto 
Bci HacHJXLHHSH H 3Ji0Ato ycxHji;axca^ a bc% yHH^seHHHe h ocRopdjien- 
HHe BocnpaHyxx ^yxoMt, h na 3eMJi'fe Hacxynnxi i^apcxBie Bo3Kie... 
Bb npoMeacyxRaxi pasroBopa ohi ^xo-xo menxaji'L, ho a ne mofb 
pa8o6paxL hh oja;Horo cjiOBa. IIpon^aacL, ohb Bcerfl;a oeini.aji'L cRopo 
, onaxL npiixaxL, noxoMy ^xo eMy eni;e MHoro Haji;o mh* paBCRasaxL, ho 
pa3CRa3HBaji'B onaxL xo se canoe ci jierRHMH BapBai^iaMH. y nero 
a H36iraji'B 6HBaxB^ qxo6H ne nonacxB RaRi-HHdyjniB ne BO-Bpena, 
a Rorji;a cjiyqajiocB, xo cjinmajiB lA xe p^qa hjeh, nanpHM'&pB, 
xaRia: BOSBMexB^ 6HBajo, na pyRH CBoero MJiaAmaro cuna h npe^- 
jiaraexx mh* yfit^nxBca, 'ixo bb neMB nixx Bica, noxoMy qxo ohi — 
anrejiB... Hh^xo seMHoe, HH3MeHHoe fl;jia aero ne cyni;ec|PBOBajio, 

OH'B 6hJIB BeCB B'B BBICIHHXB CJIOaXB J^yXOBHOfi aXMOC^OpBI H 6BIJrB 

cTOCTjiHBB — He Ha;i;ojiro... 

HmK. MMXaHJIOBCKIH. 


XPOHHEA BHyTPEJ[HES aCH3HH. 147 


XpOHHKa BHyipeHHeft 5KH3HH. 

I. ITaMflTH r. H. ycneHCRaro. — II. npo;^OBOjn>CTBeHHafl KaHnaidfl h Bd^CTH wsrb 
Heypo«afiHKX'B Hi^THocrefi. — ^IIo noRo^i^y tEsei^cTiS o 6e3pa6o'nii;t.'^in. CitepTb 
B. n. OcrporopcRaro, H. K. IIlHjn»Aepa h A. M. JIasapeBCKaro. — IV. A^pihhh- 
<€TpaTiiBHUii ir&piii 0TH0CHTeA>H0 noHaTH. — 06fl3aTen>Hoe nocTanoBJieHie Kyraec- 
cKaro r76epHaTopa. — npaBBTejiBCTBeHHUH coodu^emfl. 


I. 

24 Mapia jMepi rjiiSx HBanoBH^i ycnencKifl. PyccKan jiHTe- 
paTypa nonecjia b-b ero jihu^ 6ojii>inyK), HeB03Harpafl;HMyi) noiepio 
H rope^L 9Tofi noTepH Majio yMeHLmaeTca t^mi, ^to OHa coBepmn- 
jiacL Bi cymHOCTH 3a;i;ojiro ^o CMepTH nHcaTejia. Eme fl;ecaTL ji^t'l 
TOJiy Haaa^ii'B poKOBaji 6ojii3HB OTopBajia YcireHCKaro oti jiHTepa- 
TypH H fliJia Hero jih^ho CMepTB aBHjiacB jiHini> H36aBJieHieM'L oti 
MyKi H cTpa;i;aHifl acH3HH. Ho, noKa owh 6u^i> wnwh, Bce em,e Tpyfl,HO 

fiipHJIOCL Bt 6e3B03BpaTHOCTB 3T0fi HOTOpH H, BOffpOKH O^eBHfljHOCTH, 

xoTtjiocL HaftiflTLca, ^TO noMopKinifl cBiTX Mory^iaro Tajiama rhobb 
pasropHTCii ffpicHMt ujiaMeHeMt, ^to rojioct jiK)6HMaro nHcaTOJia 
i5H0Ba saBByqHTB Bi jiHTepaxypi. Tenept BciMi» Ha^eac^aMi nojro- 
aceHi Konei^'B... 

HavHi CBiacefi MorajroS Tpy^HO roBopHTL o fljoporoMt noKoflsEKt, 

,H0 TpyfljHO H npoflTH MEMO HOfl MOJT^a, He BCHOMHHB'L TOMl, KTO 

6'B Hefi JiesnrL h soMy mh Tan's MHorHaii o6fl3aHu. PyccEoe 06- 
mecTBO noxopoHHJio Bt YcneHCKOMi ne tojibko orpoMHHfi xy;noace- 
CTBeHHHft xajiaHTE, HO H o^^HOPO Hsi jiynnHXt cBOHXi y^Hxejiefi, 
offHoro Hsi HaH6oji4e ^hcthx^ h dessaB^^THHXt ^pysefl Hapofl;a. 
YcneHCKifl HHcaJit He ^jih napoflja, — napoj^t h Tenept eme, kx co- 
KajitHiK), cjTHniKOM'B Majio 3HaeTi ero, — ho mhcjib napoj^t, 061 
^ro Hyac^axTb h HHTepecax-B sanHMaja n;eHTpajiBHoe MicTO wh Mipo- 
cosepniaHiH noKofiHaro nncaTejiH h Majio kto mnb naniHX'B nHcaxejiefi- 
xyAoacHHKOB-B CAtJiajit xaKi mhofo msl npoBefljeHin axofi mhcjih b'b 
cosnanie pyccKaro o6mecTBa, KaKX YcneHCKiS. Ero JiHTepaTypna^ 
fl,*aTejiBHOCTb HaqajiacB bi anoxy, nenocpej^cTBeHHO nocjiifl;oBaBniyK) 
3a npo6yacAeflieM'B Poccin oxi BiKOBoro cna, B'b anoxy xixi „Be- 
jiHKHX'B pe^opMi**, KOTopwa wh CBOK) o^epe;a;B hbhjihcb oxpaacenieMi, 

XOXff H HenOJIHBIMl, BeJIHKHXX H;i;efi, B3B0JIH0BaBmHX'B pyccKyK) 

atHSHB. PyniHJicfl cxapHfi, KptnocxHofi h KptnocxHH^iecKifl, cxpofi, 
He 3HaBiniS qejroB'feqecKHX'B npaBi, pymnjiCH, KasajiocB, desnoBO- 
poTHo, — H caMa C060H) BHpocxajia sasaqa cosj^aniff hobhx'b ^opMi 
»H3HH, wh KOTopua MOFJia 6u yMicxaxBCH co3HaBmaji ce6ii qejTOBi- 
^ecKaa jraqnocxB. Jlyqmie yiwH h jOLyqmia cep^a anoxH OT;^aBaJIH 

10* 


148 PyOCKOE BOrATOTBO. 

CBOH CHJIH ka ptmeHie axofl 3aji;aqH. „y Bcero TorAamHaro MOJio;i;oro 
noKOJi'feHiff, — BcnoMHHaji'B BHOCJii^^cTBiH YcneHCKifi, — 6ujio CojBmoe 
H fliiftcTBHTeJBHO o6mee stjio", h laKoro A*^a »6hjio mhopo KaK'L 
jpa MaJieHBKaro ^ejiOBtea, TaKX h jiJisi 6ojiBmoro**. Ci ocBo6oame- 
HieM-B KpecTBaHi Ha apeny HCTopin bueijih napoj^HHa MaccH h b:b 
BH^y 3Toro BciMi, KTO ii.tJiBio CBoefi flitflxejiBHOCTH CTasHJi'B o6m.ee 
c^acTBe, „Hafl;o6Ho 6hio mhopo JnysiaTB 061 o6m<BWh CTpot napo^floft 
acH3HH**. Oco6eHHO MHoro Ha;fl;o 6hjio ^y^axB 061 HeMi t^mi, eto 
Me^xajx o&h „o6HOBJieHiH acHSHH, o6e3jiHqeHHofl 6ypMHCxpaMH, caMO- 
cxoaxejiBHHM'B cxapanieMi napo^HHX'B Macct co6cxBeHHOM'B h 
BaaHMHOMi 6jiaroaojiymH", kxo cxpeMHJica nepecxpoHXB axy hchbhb 
Ha Ha^ajiax'B cBofio^Bi h caMOcxoaxejiBHOCxH jih^hocxh h qejiOBt^e- 
CKofl coJiH;i;apHocxH. CaM-B ycuencKifl Bcen;iJio oxji;ajica sxhhi Ay- 
MaMTi H nepsHMi ero BEjrajnoMib b^b JiHxepaxypy 6uj[o Hsodpasenie 
o6e3JiH^HBaBniHX'B HapoffHyio Maccy nopflfl;KOB'B cxaparo cxpoa h 
„pa3opeHia" axoro cxpoH npH b^keie hobbix-b H^efl. 

Oh 3xoro MOMeHxa h fl;o KOHi^a CBoeS jiHxepaxypHoft fl;iaxeJiB- 
HOCXH YcneHCKiS cb neocjiaSHHMi HHxepecoMi, ci HanpaateHHHM'B 

H CXpaCXHHlfB BHHMaHieMl» BrjIH^BaJICa B% SG[3HB HapO^HUX'B 

HaccB^ ox^aBaa H8CJ[%;a;oBaHiio dxofi shshh secB cboS gjiecxanUft 
yMi, BecB CBofl xyfljoacecxBeHHMfl xajianxi. „ynopcxBya, BOJinyacB a 
cntnia**, Bejii oh-b axo H3CJIi;^0BaHie h, xaKi ae „BOJiHyacB a cntma", 
HepBHO H ropa^o intjiHJEca pesyjiBxaxaMH CBoeS pa6oxH cb ^Hxaie- 
jieM'B, sapasaa ero cbohmi noBumenHUMi* HacxpoeaieMi^ cBoeD 
jiK)6oBBK) H HeHaBHCXBH) H ysjieKaa sa co6ok) na xoxi nyxB, no ko- 
xopoMy meji'B cascB. 8x0x1 nyxB yace o^eHB CEopo osasajica ropas^o 
6oji%e ;i;aHHHB[M'B a xepHHCxuM'B, ?iM*B mosho 6Hao jijaanh caa^ajia. 
^Pasopenie" cxaparo cxpoa ne 6hjio eme hojihbim'b ero paapynie- 
HieMi. n^ea, JEermaa B'b ocHOBame nporpeccHBHaro jifiEsaemsi 60-xrB 
h 70-xi rofl;oBi, „He ycntjia ^aace h na^axB ocya^ecxBjiaxBca aa 
ji^ji^, KaE-B yrpioMaa, cep^axaa cxapana cxajia eny nonepeKi". 
ToBopa onaxB-xaKH cjiOBana YcneHCKaro, „axa cxapana, ci nepatix'B 
»e AHefi pe$opMH, naapaBajia bck) cbok) cxHxifiHyio cajiy na xo, 
qxo6H He fl,axB xo^y MOjrofljHMi nodtraM-B acHsna". Meacfl;y xtMi, 
xoxa xasie iio6i^rH a 6£ij[a cEJiBHHy oaa ne 6Haa MHoro^acjieHHH. 
Hcxopa^ecKoe nponuioe no;^roxoBHJio na pyccKofi no^at cjraniKOM'B 
Majio JiK)fl;e8, chocoShhx'b ki ji;o6poBOJiBHOMy a cosaaxeaBHOMy ae- 
ceniH) 6peMeHH hoblixi a^efi, kx ^^tflcxBaxeaBHOMy onnxy nepe- 
pa6oxEB co6cxBeHBofl aa^Hocxa npaRxa^ecKBM'B, cbo6oahhm'b ^^aoMi 
BO HMa o6maro, MaccoBaro c^acxBa**. Bjiaro;i;apa axoMy aoBoe j^tao, 
BHffBBHyxoe ycjioBiaMB acxopaHecKaro MOJiieaxa, bi saa^axeaBHoft 
CBoefl ^acxH nonaao 3% cxapna pyKH a noxepni&ao bi naxi coox- 
BtxcxBeHHBia npeBpan^eHia. Koa^aaEX'B MeHCfl,y hobhmh a^eaMH, aer- 
aiBMH bx ocHOBy „BeaHKBXT& pe^opMi**, a cxapHMi cxpoeMi, cxa- 
xiflHO B03CxaBaBniHM'B npoxaBi axax'B pe^opMi, saxaayaca b% xasoS 
oficxaaoBKi^ Ha^ioaro a nopo^Hai b% pyccKofl acH3flH MHoacecxab xa-^ 


XPOHHEA BHyTPEHHEH aCH3HH. 14& 

3KejiHX'L H pa3HOo6pa3HHX'B ;i;paMi. 0;i;Ha hsx bthx:^ ^paMi oco6eHHo 
HacTO npHBjieKajia kl ce6t BHHManie YcneHCKaro h oco6eHHo apKO 
H3o6paacajiacL hmx. 9to 6Hjia ;n;paMa, BHTeKaBmaff h3'b „6oji'fe3HH 
coB-fecTH", 6oj['fe3HH, KOTopaji jiHmajia pyccKaro HHTejiJiHreHTHaro ^e- 

JIOB^Ka B03M0aCH0CTH „HaCTOffIIi;efi", „nOfl;jIHHkofl" aCH3HH BHi CBJI3H 

CB Hapoji;HOH) Maccoft, a bt> BHcmnxt cbohxi npoaBJieHiaxi TOJiKajia 
ero Ha fl;opory ;i;^HTejii>Hofi pa6oTH ]i,ji5i oSmaro ciacTBa, ocHOBan- 
Haro Ha rapMOHH^noMi, njijiocTHOM'B pa3BHTiH jihihocth. 

Bx H3BicTHofl M^p-fe TaKoe rapMOHH^ecKoe pa3BHTie ^ejioB-feqe- 

CKOfi Jin^HOCTH YcneHCKifl HaXOfljHJJ'L BX aCH3HH KpeCTLJIHCTBa. Ho 

Ta ropa^aH, KpoBHaa jih)6obl kx napofliy, KaKaa acHJia bi fliymfe 
ycnencKaro^ ne ocjiinjiHJia ero rjiast h ho Bejia ero Ha nyTB 
H;i;oJionoKJiOHHHqecKofi H;i;eajiH3aiiiiH Hapo;i;Hbfl ffi;H3HH. yKa3LiBaH na 
„npaBji;y" Tpyji;oBofl acH3HH KpecTLSHCTBa, ohi bm^ct* yKasHsajii 
H Ha TO, ^TO 9Ta npaBji;a ;a;ajieKO ne ToacecTBenHa cb „cnpaBe;i;jiH- 

BOCTBK)". FOBOpa rapMOHlH KpeCTBHHCKarO 6BITa, OHl naCTOft^HBO 

no;ii^epKHBajii, ^to 3Ta rapMonia co3fl;aHa ne CTpajaianiaMH ^ejiOBi^- 
qecKaro cepji;iiia h ycHjiiffMH ^ejiOBi^ecKofl mhcjih, a cTHxifiHoio 

„BJiaCTBK) 3eMJIH", H HC TOJIBKO MOJECTX, HO H ;i;0J[3KHa pymHTBCH, 

KaK'B TOJIBKO TaKas BjiacTB 6y;i;eTi» noKOJiefijieHa hobhmh ycjiOBiaMH 
6HTa. CoxpaneHie rapMonm Hapo;i;Hofl acH3flH h BOSBe^ieHie stoS 
rapMOHin oti. npocToS npan^H na cTeneHB npaB;i;H, ocB4ni.eHHoft 
HejiOBtqecKHMi. cosHanieMi, h qejioB^^ecKoS coBicTBio, „npaBji;Bi- 
cnpaBe^JiHBOcTH", npe^CTaBjiHjiocB eny B03MoacHHM% jthhib npa 
ycjiOBin BHeceHia HHTejiJiHreHi],iefl bx Hapo;i;HyK) cpe;i;y ^nayKH o 
BHcmeg npaBjo;^^, nayEH, KaEaa jiojikesl 6u dBuia „npHMO, cm'6jio 
H niHpoKO KacaTBca caMHXX acryqnx'B oSm.ecTBeHHBix'B BonpocoBX, — 
TixTb caMMxi BonpocoBi, ja;o KOTopHxi ;n;ofliyMajiacB h ;n;omjia ^ejio- 
Bi^ecKa^ BcecKopdan^aH mhcjib bi Ty caMyio MEHyiy, KOTopyio mbi 
nepeacHBaeMi". H ^i^aTejiBHocTB YcneHCKaro b-b 3HaHHTejiBHofi CBoefl 
TiacTH jiBjiiiJiacB ropanHMi npnsHBOMX, o6pan;eHHLiM'B kl pyccKofi 
HHTejiJiHreHi];iH, — necTH bx napoji.'B STy „HayKy o Bticmefl npaB;i;t" 
H T-feMT, caMHMi, ocBo6ofliHTB HapofliHyio acH3HB OTi 3acapHBaHia ea 

^CTapHMl) HaHiiOHaJIBHBIM'B H eBponefiCKHM'B XJiaMOMX", OTX nofli^H- 

Henia bc^mx pokobhmt, nepnaeTiaMi KanHTajrHCTH^ecKaro npoi],ecca. 
9tott> npHSHB'B He ocTajica 6e3x OTKJiHKa, ho caMOOTBepaceHHBie 
jih);i;h, nocji*;a;oBaBniie sa hhmt,, BCTpiTHjiH na cBoeMi nyTH cjinm- 
KOMi MHoro^HCJieHHHa H cepBesHtia npenaTCTBia, Macca odmecTBa, 
Majio 3aTpoHyTaa pa6oTOH) npo6yffi;fl;aBnieflca cob^cth, ocTaBajiacB 
CJIHIHKOM'B HHepTHOH), — H rpaHfliio3Haa 3afl;aqa, KOTopaa 6LiJia no- 
CTaBJiena noKOJitmeMT, YcneHCKaro h KOTopofi oh'^ caMx OTfl.aji% 

CBOH CHJIH, OCTaJiaCB HeBHHOJIHeHHOfl. 

wrocno^^HHi KynoHx" 6e3npenaTCTBeHHO BopBajica bx napojiiHyio 

3KH3HB, H HpaBAHBOMy JliTOnHCD,y 8T0fi aCH3HH EpHHIJIOCB H306paacaTB 

fflcecTOKia onycTomema, npoHSBO^Hsmiaca bx neS xo3afiHHqaHBeM'B 
poKOBoro npHniejiBii,a, pncoBaTB KapTHHH HOBaro „pa3opeHia", na 


i 


150 pyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

axoTL- pa3i — pasopenifl e^sa cjiosEBmarocji caMOCTOflxejiBHaro 
KpecTLHHCKaro xosaflcTsa, h aa^asaTLca BonpocoMi: „hto 6j]i<dThl^ 
„He „^T0 fliiJiaTL?", He „KaK'B shtb Ha csii*?" — 3T0My jwh He 
Bpejia!** — npHfiaBJHMi yonencKifl *). Ero npoH3Befl;eHk CTaHOBHJiHCL 
Bce Mpa^H'j&e no Mi^pi Toro, RaK'b pi^'i^JiH pn^u dJiaropo^HHX'b 6op- 
itOBt 3a MaccoBoe CHacTte h crymajiHCb xy^H ^acTpefioBt**, piaB- 
niHxi Haflii pyccKofi fl;epeBHefi. Bce ex 6ojiLmeK) ropetoio H3o6pa- 
aajii Bi 3Ty nopy ycneHCKifi peayjiLxaTH „nycTonoposHefl cyeiH 
Haniefi BHyTpenneS schshh h Hamefi 6e3AMcTByBDiii,efi cob^cth'', ce 
Bce BOBpacTaBmeio CEop6Lio sBajix „h3x tockh, tlmu h CMepxH b£i- 
6HpaTBCH na 6'6ji£ifl CBi^xx, e'e jehboS 3a6oxi o shbom'e^. ^Hancy- 
H^ecxBeHHMmiS npH3HaEi Hamero BpeMenn, — nHcaji'L oh'l b'b 3xoxi 
nepiofl;T> CBoefi jehbhh, — Hacxofl^HBoe, rpy6oe CTpeMJienie o6epe% 

XOJILSO CBOK) JIH^HOCXB, CBOH HH^XOffiHU)! JIH^HBIA Haji;o6HOCTH H 

sejiaHifl H ocBo6o;i;nxBCii orb Majii^fimeS jeh^hoS tutotu, naJiaraeMOH 
BsaHMHBiMH oxHomeHiflMH ^ejiOB^sa El qejEOB^Ey^. CaMi ycneHCEiS 
H Bx 3xy Mpa^nyio 3noxy SO-xx h nanajia OO-xx ^o;^OB•B ox npeacHHMB 
BHHMaHieMX cji^^HJEX 3a HapoAHOK) TssELBUhTo, CB npessHeS nacxoS- 
^HBOCXBH) 6yOTJi^ o6meciBeHHyH) coBtcxB H rojocx ero He yxpaxnax 
CBoefi CHJiH. Ho 9xa pa6oxa bx Eones;!* nai^opBajia nepBHBiS h yace 

CHJIBHO H3JI0UaHHu3 HH3HBH) OpraHH3MX. H3MyneHHB[3 yMX HO BLI- 

jHepaMUE'B BejiHEofi CEop6H nyxEaro cepAHia h „xBMa h CMepxB**, na- 
;i;BnHyBmiHCH na ofiH^ecxBeHHyio jsh3hb, hoooxejih h cb^xjibiS xa- 
jianxx ycnencEaro... 

TenepB H3cxpaji;aBfflifica HHcaxejiB ywepx, ho ero npoH3Befl;eHia 
acHByxx h xpy^HO npe^BH^ixB xo Bpena, Eorfl;a ohh mofjih 6h oxoSxh 
BX o6jiacxB safifieHiff. ^HepexoOToe BpeMa", na Hecoo6pa3HyK) npo- 
;noji»HxeJiBHOCXB Roxoparo xaEx ^acxo h xaEx ropBEO acajioBajica 
ycnencEift, Bce emd XHHexca bx namefl 3EH3hh, nejiHEaii xaat6a 
Meac^y hobhmh H;i;eaMH h cxapwMx cxpoeMx Bce eme ocxaexca ne- 
p-femeHHofl h He3aEOHneHHoS. Tojiocx nncaxejia, cyMiBmaro coe;p- 
hhxb bx CBoeMX MipocosepniaHiH oxcxaHBanie HHxepecoBX xpyfl;a ex 
san^HXOK) m^JiocxHaro pasBHxia ^ejiOBtnecEofl jih^hocxh h 3an^Hxy 
caMOcxoaxejiBHOcxH jihhhocxh cx nponoB^^Bio ^lejiOBfi^ecEofi cojih- 
;n;apHOcxH, coxpanaexx bx sxhxx ycjiOBiaxx Bce CBoe 3HaHeHie. 
Ecjih fl;aKe enpaBe;i;jiHBB[ BCxpiqaiomiHCH bx ne^axn yxsepacflieHia o 
Ha6joo;naeMOMX sa nocJi4ja;Hie ro;i;H 0CJia6jieHiH HHxepeca qnxaiomeS 
ny6j[HEH EX npoH3Be«eHiHMX ycnencEaro, xo, HecoMHiHHo/ xaEoe 
ocjiaOJieHie mokoxx 6BrxB xojibeo BpeMenHBiMX h CEoponpexoAani;HMX 
H BM^GX^ cx Ha^HHaio^HMCH osHBJieHieMX o6n];ecxBeHHofi shshh 
fl;ojiaceHX BospacxH HHxepecx h ex npoH3Befl;eHiaMX ofliHoro h3X ca- 
MHXx y6te;n;eHHBixx h ^HcxBrxx nponoBi^HHEOBx o6HOBJieHiH 3xoS 
3KH3HH. CaeAiajiBHBia ycJiOBia coBpeMennaro cocxoama pyccEofi 


*) Cm. iracbvo ycneHCKaro ki» B. M. Co6ojieBCKOMy, npHBe^^eHHoe H. K. Mh- 

XaftjIOBCKBH'B B'b HapTOBCKOfi KHHSCR']^ «P. BoraTCTBa». 


*r- 


XPOHHKA BHYTPEHHES aKH3HH. 151 

atH3HH, npH;naiomia npoH3Befl;eHiffMT> YcneHCKaro oco6eHHo acryqiS 
HHTepecB, BOSBO^amia: Hxt na CTeneHL Heo6xo3iHMofi nacTOJiLHofl 
KHHrn pyccKaro ^nraTejia, pano hjih nosjiiHO, KoneHHO, MnnyioTX, 
HO BMi^cT* ch HHMH eme HB HcnesHerL 3Ha?eHie STHxt npoH3Beflie- 
Hiit. Pi&^Koe xyflioacecTBeHHoe fliapoBame, 6jremym;ee bi hhxx, He- 
o6HKHOBeHHa)i rjiy6HHa hxi* co;i;epaKaHia h 6jiH3Koe 3HaK0MCTB0 Hxt 
aBTopa CB Hapo;n;Hofi ffl;H3HLio h ncHxoJioriefl, Bt CBii3H gt> ero ro- 
pa^efl JirofioBBK) ki napo^iy h HCKpeHHHMt ysajKeHieMt Kt ^ejiOB*- 
^ecKofi jiH^HOCTH, — Bce 3m Haji;ojiro . o6e3neqHBaeT'B YcneHCKOMy 
ojiflo Hsi HaH6oji'fee no^eTHritii» m^cfb He tojilko bi. HCTopJH pyccKofi 
jHTepaxypH, ho h bx naMaxH pyccKaro HHTaTejia. HoKOJitHiH, H;i;y- 
H^ia HaMi Ha CMi&Hy, Hafi;i;yT'L Bt ero npoHSBeflieHiaxt He tojilko 
HpKyio H npaBjUHByio, xoth h ne cobc^mi nojiHyio, HCTopiio oji;Hofi 
Hsi caMHxt MHoro3HaqHTeJiLHHxi snoxt Bx pa3BHTiH pyccKaro 
o6ni,ecTBa h Hapo;i;a, ho h acHBOTBopHHfl hcto^hhki 6ojiLnioro 3CTe- 
THHecKaro HacjiaacAeHia h bbicokhx-l npaBCTBenHBixx SMOiiifi. Jjih 
Haci ace, eni;e ne H3acHBfflHXx nacjitjiiia toh anoxH, jiiTonHci],eM% 
KOTopofi HBHJica YcneHCKifi, ohi h hocji* CBoefi CMepTH ocTaeTCff 
He TOJILKO o6aaTejiLHBiM'L xyj^oacHHROMi, BJieKymHMx K% ce6^ ch- 
jiOH) rjiy6oKO BHCTpaji;aHHaro cjiOBa, ho h naffejKHHM'L y^HTejieMi 

BX J^'feJIi „3KHB08 3a60TM SCHBOMX**. 


11. 

TeKymjift ro^;* ji^Jisi MaccH pyccKHxi ji;epeBeHL HBEJica HepHLiMi 
roAOMT). „npefl,CTOffni;aH ocohl h 3HMa — nncajiH mbi bx coHTHfipLCKOfi 
xpoHHKt „P. BoraTCTBa" — o6iin,aK)T'L 6htl Kpaflne TaacejiHMH ;i;jih 
BecLMa 3Ha^HTeJiLHofl qacTH 3eMJie;n4jiL^ecKaro Hacejienia HMnepin". 
Kx. coacaji'feHiK), bto npe;n;BHji;tHie onpaBji;ajiocL bx hojihoS Mtpt. Bx 
pHfll-fe rySepnifi h o6jiacTefl EBponeficKofi Poccin h Ch6hph nacejie- 
Hie ji;ojiacHO 6hjio 6opoTLCH ex nocjiiji;cTBiaMH rpaHfl;io3Haro neypo- 
acaa, ycTynaBmaro bx CBoefi GUJit pa3Bt jiheil neypoacaio 1891 ro^a, 
H HCHHTLiBaTL TsaKeJiHH MyKH roJiOjuoBKH. Cx HacTynjieHieMx BeCHH 
6ifefl;cTBia nocipa^aBniaro otx neypoacaa HacejieHia, KaKX Bcer^a, 
3Ha^HTejiLHo o6ocTpHJiHCL. BM-fecT* CX T^MX HacTynjieHie BeceHHHXX 

MicaHieBX, ilBJIHIOmHXCH y HaCX 06HKH0BeHH0 nOCJlt^HHMX MOMeH- 

TOMX npo;i;oBOJiLCTBeHHo8 KaMnaniH, fl;aeTX B03MoacHOCTL cJ^'kIIaTL h 
H-feKOTopHe odmie bhboji;h OTHOCHTejiLHO xofl;a STofi KaMnamH bx 
leKyn^eMx ro;i;y. Bjiaroji;apa hobhmx ycjiOBmiix, bx KOTopwH no- 
CTaBjieno npo;i;oBOJiLCTBeHHoe flijio, bx ne^aTH ;nojiroe BpeMH ne 
6fciJio cKOJiLKo-HHOy^B o6cToaTejiLHHxx H TO^HHXx CBifliinifl no- 
jioffleniH HaceJieHifl bx HeJpoacaSHHxx ry6epHiaxx. 3a nocjitfl;Hie 

MiCa^H KOJIHHeCTBO TaKHXX CBifl.iHifi, O^HaKO, CHJILHO yBeJIH^HJIOCL 

H, ecjiH OHH Bce eme ocTaiOTca He;i;ocTaTo^HO hojiheimh, to bo bch- 
KOMX cjiyqa-fe Ha ocHOBaniH hxx B03MoatHO yne nofl^ecTH, no Kpafi- 


152 pyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

HeS Mipi^, HtKOTopfcie, Handojiie cyiuecTBeHHwe HTorn peayjiBiaTOE'L 
HeypoHcaa h HanpasjieHHoft na 6opB6y ct HEMt npo^OBOJitcTBeHHoft 
KaMnaeiH. PaHLme, o^HaKo, ^tm oOpaTHTtca ki bthmx HacxHHMt 

OBt^^tHijTM'B H Kl BHpHCOBUfeaiOmefiCH H31 HHXt KapTHH* TOrO HO- 

jToaceHlji, KaKoe nepeacHBaioTi bi HacTOHmee speMa rojio;i;aH3iu;ie 
KpecTLane, HanoMHHMt o6mift xapaKTept Mipi, BWSBaHHHXt ne- 
ypoacaeMi* MHHyBmaro ro;i;a. 

Bt BHfl;y cepLesHHxt pasMipoBX SToro neypoacafl HOBaff opra- 
HH3ai],iff npo;n;oBOJii>CTBeHHaro ji;ijia, coajtaHHaa' BpeMeHHHMH npaBH- 
jraMH 12 ijoHs 1900 r., KOTopuH nepe;n;ajiH aio ;i;4jio H31 pyKt 
seMCTBa Bt Bi&;i;'feHie ry6epHCKofl h yt3fl;HoS aJl;MHHHCTpa^iH, yace 
Bi Haqajii oceHH dmia npHsnana HeAOCTaTOiHoft. I|HpKyjiJ?pt mh- 
HHCTpa BHyTpeHHHX'B ^ijii OTt 17 asrycTa SHa^HTejiLHO bhjio- 
HSMiHHJit 3Ty opraHHsaniiio, npn ^eMt, OAHaKO ace, to cocjiobho-6k)po- 
KpaTHiecKoe na^ajio, KOTopoe 6bijio nojioaceHO Bt ea ocHOBy, ocTa- 
• jEocb Bt STHxt H3M'feHeHiffx% HesaTpoHyTHMi H ;i;aace 6hjio eme 
fiojite ycHjreHO. BpeMeHHHH npaBHJia 12 iioHS 1900 rofl;a OTfl,a- 
BajiH npofliOBOJiLCTBeHHoe A^jio Bt yfe^ijaxi. Bt B^;i;tHie seMCKHxt 
Ha^ajTLHHKOBi, iipe^iinojiaraH bm^ct^ ci t^mi B03MoacHOCTB oopa- 
30BaHia noflix hxt> pyKOBojucTBOM'B npoji;oBOJiLCTBeHHHX'L none^H- 

TeJILCTB'L Bt BOJIOCTJIXX. „CaMO C060K) pa3yM*eTCff, — rOBOpHJIOCB 

no 9T0My noBo;i;y bi mnpKyjiffp'fe MHHHCTpa BHyTpeHHHXt ^Ji^jii ry- 
6epHaTopaM'L oti* 1 ffHBapa 1901 r., — qio pa3;a;i^JieHie botocth na 
npo;^OBOJiBCTBeHHHe yqacTKH 6y;i;eTT> Ha npaKTHKi saBHciTL otl 

TOrO, HMtlOTCfl JIH B% ;i;aHHOH M-feCTHOCTH, HOMHMO BOJIOCTHHXX 

CTapniHHi, jiHD[a, Morymin HcnojiHaTB o6fl3aHHOCTB ynoMHHyTHXt 
noneiHTejieS. 3% axoMi OTHomeHiH acejiaTejiBHO npeacji;e Bcero boc- 
nojiB30BaTBCfl yqaciieMi m^cthkix'b 3eMJieBJia;i;i^jiBD[eBB, KOTopHe, 
npoacHBaji bi caMOMi cejieHin h snaa Bcfexi Bxoa;aiii,iix'B b'b cocTaB'B 
ofimecTBa KpecTBaHB, cTOsiTh B'B HaHJiyqniHX'B ycjiOBiaxi ;i;jra na^;- 
30pa 3a HcnpaBHBiMi) cocToaHieMi xjii6o3anacHHX'B MarasHHOBi h 
npaBHJiBHOK) BBTfliaqeK) npo;i;oBOJiBCTBeHHK[X'B ccjji.'b. He cji^)i;yeT'B 
ynycKaTB h3'b BH^y^ qxo ;i;o oTM-feHH KptnocTHoro npaBa 3a6oTa o 
npo;iiOBOjiBCTBiH KpecTLaH'B jieacajia Bceu.'fejio Ha noM-femaKax^B. Ilpe- 
^^ocTaBjienie nocjii&;i;HHM'B 7i;ocTyna kx Ha6jriofl;eHiio 3a npofl;oBOJiB- 
CTBenHBiMt jit.iOM'B Mo^eTX H B'B HacToamee BpeMa npHBecTH 
TOJiBKO K'B caMHM'B 6jiaro;n;'feTeJiBHEiMi pesyjiBiaTaMi, co;i;tficTBya 
BOsciaHOBJieHiK) Tofl HpaBCTBeHHoS CBa3H, KOTopaa cyni;ecTBOBajia 
H AOJiacHa cymecTBOBaTB Meacfl;y noM'femiHqBeK) yca^ijBSoK) h Kpe- 
CTBaHCKHM'B ^ijBopoM'B, cocTaBJiaa sajior'B npaBHJiBHaro pasBHTia 
cejiBCKaro nacejieHia Poccin". JEhhib „b'b cjiyqat OTcyTCiBia bx 
cpejo,^ 3eMJieBJia;i;tjiB]^eB'B jihi^'b, KOTopna noaceJiajiH 6bi npHHaTB na 
ce6a o6a3aHHOCTH none^Hxejiefi npo^OBOJiBCTBeHHBix'B yqacTKOB'B", 
fl;jia HcnpaBjieHia oSasanHOCTefl xaKHX'B none^Hxejiefl peKOMeHfl;oBa- 
jiocB HaanaqaTB „BHyniaH)ni;HX'B ;i;0Btpie jrHE^-B KpecTBancKaro nace- 
jieHia". BM-fecxt CB x^M'B B'B ^HpKyJIap^ BBipascajiacB yBtpeHHOCTB 


XPOHHKA BHyTPBHHBfi 2KH3HH. 153 

Bt TOMt, ?T0 ^nOM^CTHOe JljEOpiTHCTBO, HCKOHH OBHaMeHOBaBmee 

ce6a nojiesHOH) cjiyac6oio rocy^apcTBy, ne OTKaaceTCff h Bt aTOMt 
cjiy^ai OKasaTB eymecTBeHHyio nocHjiLHyio noMomB, coji^flcTBya 
npaBHJiBHofi opraHHsaniiH npofl;oBOJiLCTBeHHaro jOjijia bi TaKofi Mipi^, 
^to6h oho 6lijio aajioroMi 6jiaronojiy4ia cejiLCKaro Hacejienia*' *). 
KaKt H3BicTH0, 9Ta yB^^peHHOCTB He onpaB^tajiacB sa npaKTHKt h 
npofl;oBOJiBCTBeHHHa none^HTejiBCTBa, no nos^HiflmeMy npHSHaniH) 
caMoro MHHHCTepcTBa BHyTpeHHHXi inijit, He HM^JiH ycntxa. TiMt 
He Menie ^HpKyJWIp'B MHHHCTpa BnyTpeHHHX'B ^Jit otl 17 anrycTa 
1901 r., co3;i;aBaa na-HOBO opraHH3aii;iK) npoji;oBOJiLCTBeHHaro inijia 
Bx Hanfiojiie nocTpa^aBinnxx yisj^axt, rjiaBHyio pojit bi 3aBtji;H- 
BaniH HMi OTBOfl;Hjii ytsflinHMx npejiBOjUHTejiffM'B fljBopffHCTBa. OfliHO- 
BpeMeHHO ci aTHMt Bci bh;^h noMoniH nocTpa^aBmeMy ot-b neypo- 
acan Hacejieniio, Hcxo;i;ani;eft KaKt otb japaBHTejitcTBa, xaK-B h otb 
o6fli;ecTBeHH£ixi y^peaK;i;eHifl h ^lacTHHxx jiHr^i, 6hjih nocTaBJieHti 
i^npKyjiapoM'B 17 anrycTa nojui np^Moe h -HenocpefliCTBeHHoe pyKO- 
BOfliCTBO M^cTHBiXT) rySepHaTopoBX. 

He o6onijrocL 663^ HeoacHjiiaHHOCTefl h canoe Befl;eHie npofl;o- 

BOJILCTBeHHOfl KaMHaHiH. Bt HiHpKyjrapi MHHHCTpa BHyTpeHHHXt 

jlliJiTy OTt 17 asrycTa nepeTracjiHjiocL 12 ryfiepnifl h o6jiacTefl, na- 
cejieHie KOToptix'B 6i>Tjro npHsnano Hyac;i;aH)ni;HMCH bi homohih ji^jisi 
CBoero npoHHTaHiH h ji^jia odcfeMeneBiH nojrefl. Ho yace onyfijiHKo- 
BaHHoe Bt nojioBHHife ceHTH6pH coo6I^eHie 3eMCKaro OT^'fejra MHnii- 
CTepcTBa BHyTpeHHHXi ]i^ji% npH6aBHJio Kt 9T0My nepe^HK) ente 
fl;Bt rySepHiH EBponeflcKOH Poccin — TaMfioBCKyio h OpjroBCKyio — h 
5 ry6epHifl h o6jiacTe8 A3iaTCKoft Poccin: To6ojiBCKyio, Tomckvk), 
EHHceScKyio, AKMOjrHHCKyio h CeMHnajiaTHHCKyH). TaKHMt odpasoMt 
pafloHX, Bt KOTopoMi OKasHBajiacb npaBHTejiBCTBeHHaa noMoni;b na- 
cejieHiK) na ocHOBanin BpeMeHHBrxt npanHJit 12 iioH^ 1900 r., onpe- 
jl^jijsjica B% 19 ry6epHifl h ofijiacxefl, 3aKJIK)^aIo^^HX'B b% ce6i^ 
40 MHJiJi. fflCHTejiefl. CorjiacHO ony6jiHKOBaHHHM'B no33;H^e cBi^^'fe- 
HJHMi, ii;eHTpajii>Haro CTaTHCxH^ecKaro KOMHTexa o c6opi 03hmhx'b 
xjii^doBi, Heypoacaft pacH h oshmoS nnieHHii;H oxBaTHii Bt 1901 r. 
33 ry6epHiH h o6jiacTH ct nacejieHieMt b^ 54 mhjiji. qejroB'feK'B. 
HiKOTopHH h3t> Bonieji;mHX'B b^ cnncoKt CTaTHCTH^ecKaro KOMHTexa 

H He BOmeAHTHX'L B% CHHCOKt SeMCKarO OT^'fejia MtCTHOCTeS, KaKl 

o6jiacTB BoficKa JtoHCKoro h ryfiepnin IJapcTBa HojiLCKaro, ynpa- 
BJiHiOTCH Ha oco6HX'b ocHOBaHiflxt, noqeMy na HHxt h ne pacnpo- 
CTpanaiOTCH npo^iOBOJiLCTBeHHHH onepaii,iH seMCKaro OT^iJia mhhh- 

CTepCTBa BHyTpeHHHXX ^^Jl. ^TO KacaeTCfl ^O OCTaJTLHHXt TaKHXt 

M^CTHocTefl, TO OB'S 6hjih HpHSHaHH He Hyacji,aK)ni;HMHCH Bx npoj^o- 

BOJIBCTBeHHOft HOMOHIIH, — HOTOMy JIH, HTO HeypOacafi 03HMHXT. XJI-fe- 

fioBt 6ujrh Bi HHxt ypaBHOBiment xoponrnM'B ypoacaeMt iipo- 

BBIX'B, HJIH HOTOMy, HTO pesyjILTaTH ypOKaH 6B1JIH BOo6ni.e CO^TeHBI 


*) «Cn6. B-feAOMOCTH*, 24 ^eep. 1901 r. 


154 pyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

He HMtioic^HMH 6ojiBmoro 3Ha?eHifl ji^jifl HX'b HaceJieHia^ keki saHA- 
Taro no npeHMymecTBy npoMHmjieHHUMi Tpyfl;oMX. 

PasMtpi npaBHTejiBCTBeHHofi nouom;n^ H6o6xoj^Mofi j^jqeh yKa- 
saHHHX'B 19 ry6epHifl h ofijiacTefl, bx nojiOBHHt ceHTa6pff 6Hjit 
onpeji;tjieHt bi cjii&ayiomHX'L i^H$paxx: Bt fl;onojiHeHie ki m'IcthiiIM'b 
cpefl;cTBaMT> sthxi ry6epHifi npefl;nojiarajiocL BUAaTt hbi o6maro 
npojUOBOJiLCTBeHHaro KanHTajia 10.925,000 n. psH h 3.347,000 p. 
AeHBraMH, npH neifB uoQJiijiEssi cyMMa bi> 6ojQ[Linefi CBoefi nacTH 
AOJisna 6iiJia 6utl o6paii^eHa na sanynKy xjitCa Ha M^cxaxx, a b'b 
MeHLHiefl — Ha ryaceByio ji;ocTaBKy ero. Ho TaKx KaKi najiHnHOCTL 
o6ni.e-HMnepcKaro npo^oBOJiLCTBeHHaro KanHxajia yace kx 15 asrycTy 
cocTaBJiajia Bcero 530.000 p., to Bt na^ajii oceHH ohx 6ujn> ycH- 
jieH'B OTnycsoMi hsi KasHU 14 mhjiji. py6jiefi. CEopo o;a;HaEo OKa- 
3ajiocb, HTO nepBona^ajiLHHH CB^jl'^Hiji rydepHCKHXi BJiacTefi^ na 

KOTOpHXt OCHOBHBaJIO CBOH paSCqeXH MHHHCXepCTBO BHyTpeHHHXt 

fli^jEt, 6hjih eni;e cjinniKOMi onTHMHCTHqHH. Hopoio axoTt ohth- 
MHSM'B BOJii E'b BecBMa spyHHRM'L omndEaM'E. TaEX, GHJiBHO no- 
CTpt^aBmafl ot'b neypoxafl UepMCEaji rydepniH, no saflBJiemio 
MtcTHaro ry6epHaTopa, c^itjiaHHOMy bi nojiOBEHt OEiafipa, Morjia 
o6oflTHCb „6e3i> BCHEofi npaBHTejibCTBeHHofi noMomn". nosfliHte 
dxa Ha;];esji;a ne onpaB^ajiacB h bi onydjinsoBaHHOM'E bi H0ff6pt 
coo6n^eHiH seMCsaro oi^i^jia mu ^HxaeMi oxhochxcjilho IlepM- 
CEoft ry6epHiH: „no nojiyneHHOMy 1 H0fl6pH oxx ry6epHaxopa 3a- 
«BJieHiH), iHJiff noMomiiH HacejieHiio naxH yisfliOBi bi nasBaHHOfl ry- 
6epHiH (mafl;pHHCEaro, Hp6HxcEaro, ocHHCsaro, BepxoxypcEaro h 
EaMiimjiOBCEaro) noxpe6yexcfl 3Ha^Hxej[BHaa npaBExejiLcxBeHHaa 
ccyfl;a nacxBio Ha npo;n;oBOJiBcxBie, ^acxBio na ofici^MeHenie apoBHXt 
nojiefl". Bi ToMCEoft ry6epHiH nepBOHaqajiLHO cepLesHO nocxpa^aB- 
niHMH oxi Heypoacaa 6ujih npH3HaHH xpn yt3Aa h noxpe6HOCXB b-b 
npaBHxeJiLcxBeHHofi ccy^iji^ 6Hjra onpe^'feJieHa b% IV2 mhjut. n. pacH 
h 300 xuc. py6jiefi na op^aHH3a^iH) ryacoBofl AOCxaBEH. Kt Hoafipio 
BHHCHHJiocB, qxo Bt noMoni;H Hya^aioxca niecxB y'63;i;0Bi TomceoS 
ry6epHiH h hxi noxpefinocxB bx ccyA* hsi oeme-HMnepcEHXt 
cpeiUCXBi fiHjia BH^HCJieHa yate bi pasMipife 3,7 mhjtji. n. pacH na 
npo^OBOJiBcxBie h 2V2 mhjiji. ny^iOBt apoBoro xjit6a na c^Mena. 
H Boo6me, no cjiosaMi Hoa6pBCEaro coodmenia 3eMCEaro oxjtijia, 
„no ryCepniaM'B Bocxo^naro Epaa h bx A3iaTCEofi Poccin ^pe;^Ba- 
pHxeJiBHHe pa3cqexH h3M'6hhjihcb Bt CMHCJit 3HaHHxejiBHaro ynejiH- 
Henia HeoGxoOTMHxi Ha npo;i;oBOjiBcxBeHHyK) noMomt accHrHOBaaifi** 
H jiHfflL Bx loacHHXi H ^eHxpaJIBHHX'B ryeepniaxt EBponeScEoft 
Poccin OEa3ajiOGB BOSMoacHHM'B H^cEOjiBEO yMeHbniHXB nepBona^ajiLHO 
npejinojioaceHHHft pa3Mtp'B npannxejiBcxBeHHoft noMon^H Hacejiemio. 

IIOBXOpHJiaCL, CJIOBOMX, CB HtEOXOpUMH JIHniB, BW3BaHHHMH 06CX0- 

axeJiBcxBaMH, BapiaiiiaMH, o6HqHaa, ;i;aBHO snaEOMaa Hcxopia npo- 
;i;oBOJiBCXBeHHaro ;^tJIa. Bi npeacnie rojio^HHe rofliBi ry6epHCEia 
BjacTH ofiHEHOBeHHO cxapajiHCB ocjia6HTB npea;cxaBjieHia seMCXBi 


XPOHHKA BHyTPBHHEfl 3KH3HH. 155 

nepeacHBaeMOMi HacejieflieMt 6i^;i;cTBiH h yMeHLmHTB pasMipH 
HcnpaniHBaeMofl OTt npasHTeJiLCTBa noMomn. Tenept oni caMH onpe- 
iH-fejiajiH 8TH pasMipH H, 6y;^y^H npe;n;ynpejKffeHH OTHOcHTejiLHO ne- 
yfl;o6cTBX ^HeyM-fecTHaro npeyBejinqeHia 64ii;cTBia", npOffBJijijiH rkwh 
fiojite CKJiOHHOCTH Kh yMajieHiH) ero ^McTBHTejiLHaro ananeHia h ki 
HcnpamHBaHiK) ^pesMtpno cKyjUHHX'B accHrnoBOKX. Ci pasBHTieMt 
Hyac^H Ao6aBKH k'b TaKEMi accnrHOBKaM'B Bce-TaEH oEasHBajiHCB 

Heo6XOJ^HMIiIMH, HO OH-I Hep^^^KO ABJIJIJIHCL CJininEOM'& n03;i;H0 Jl,JlS{ 

Toro, ^to6h CI Hxt noMomiLio bosmojkho 6hjio npe;n;oTBpaTHTL ji;aj[i»- 
H-feSmee o6ocTpeHie dt^CTBia. KaKi 6u to hh 6hjiO; o6me-HMnepcKiS 
npofl;oBOjiLCTBeHHHfi KanHTajit yace Kt 1 Hoa6pa OKasajica bhobl 
Hc^epnaHHHMX. Kx axoMy BpejieHH H3t nero ohjio Hapacxo^osano 
14.213,258 p., aMeffi;ji;y t^mi npofliOBOJiLCTBeHHaa onepai^ia eme ne 
BO Bc^xi Hyacji;aioiniHxca: rydepHiaxx 6Brjia saKOH^eHa, a b% h^ko- 
TopBixi He 6iiJia inaHce h Ha^axa. 

Jto 15 $eBpajiH TeKyiniaro ro^a hsx ycHJieHHaro HOBHMt oxny- 
CKOMX cpefl;cTBT> npo;i;oBOJii>cTBeHHaro KanHTajia 6hjio H3pacxoji;oBaHO 
eme 11,7 MHJTJi. py6. h o6iii.aH cyMMa pacxojiiOB'L KasHH na Hyac;a;H 
npo;n;OBOJiLCTBeHHaro A^Jia bi HasBannHXt ry6epHiax% ;i;ocTHrjia 
25.961.698 p. Ho ota^^jilhhm'e cxaTBaMt 3th pacxo^H, cooacHO 
ony6jiHKOBaHHOMy 17 $eBpajia co66inieHiH) soMCKaro OT;i;i^jia, pacnpe- 
;i;^jiHjiHCB cjit^iiyiomHM'B oSpaaoM-B". „1) nepeBefl,eHO BpeMennoMy npH 
MEHHCTepcTBt ^HHaHcoBi ynpaBjieHiio no npaBHrejiBCTBeHHofl sa- 
KyflKife xjii6a na saroTOBKy okojio 23V2 mhjui. ^y;^0B^ aepna Bnpe;n;B 
fl;o paac^exa 15V2 mhjiji. p.; 2) npeinocTaBJieHO bi pacnopaacenie 
ryfiepnaTopoBTb na saKynKy okojio 6V2 mhjut. nyj^OBi xji46a — 
6.641.465 p.; 3) na pacxo;i;i) no ryaceBofi pa3B03Kt xjiifia b-b npe- 
;n;'fejiax'B OTA'feJBHHXi) rydepnift h noKynK-fe MtaKOBi, no xpanemBo 
aepna h cTpaxoBaniio — 1.657.968 p.; 4) na npoH3BO^CTBo MicTHtix'B 
o6miiecTBeHHMX'B padoTi pacnopaacenieM'B KpecxBaHCKHX'B hjih 3eM- 
CKHX'B y^peacfl;eHifi — 746.657 p. (6e3B03BpaTHoe noco6ie); 5) na 
6e3npoJneHXHHa ccy;i;H seMCXBaMi h ropofliaMi ;^JIa opraHH3an.iH npo- 
fl;aacH xji^6a no 3aroxoBHTejiBHofi cxohmocxh, na Mtpn k% o6jier^e- 
HiH) HaceJieniK) coxpanenia pafio^aro CKOxa h na ycxpoficxBo h^ko- 
TopuMH ropofliCKHMH ynpaBJieniaMH o6iniecxBeHHEix% pa6oT'B no 3aM0- 
n^eniio yjini^'B — 1.169.716 p.; 6) na ycHJienie jm^naro cocxasa h 
Kam^ejiapcKHXi cpejiicxB'B MicxHHXx y^peacfl;eHifl bi nocxpaji;aBniHxi 
MficxHocxaxi— 68.914 p.; 7) na pacxofl;H, cBaaannBie ex nepe;niBH- 
acenieMX pafio^nxx h3'b HeypoacaSnHxx M-fecxnocxefl na rocyfl;apcxBeH- 
HHa pa6oxBi no coopyaceniio h 9KcnjiyaxaniH aceJit3HOfl;opoacHHXx 
jiHHifi — 176.988 p.**. TaKHMx o6pa30]!ffB co6cxBeHHO na npoji;oBOJiB- 
cxBennyK) noMomB Hacejieniio h na noco6ia bx ofictMeneHiH nojiej 
3axpaqeH0 6Brjio 3a nojirofl;a okojio 22 MHJiJiioHOB'B py6jiefi, a Bcero 
xjitfiHHX'B ccyinx 3a 3X0 BpoMa 6hjio BHfl;aHO neMBornM'B 6ojiie 
29V2 MHJiJiioHOB'B ny3;0Bx. JtBa^aTB ^Ba MHJiJiioHa py6jieS, Kone^HO, 
CojiBHiaa cyMMa. Ho ea pa3MifepH ne npe^cxaBaxca ocofienHO 3HaHH- 


156 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

TeJitHHMH, ecjiH BcnoMHHTb, ^TO OHa 'fiujiE saxpa^eHa Bt Teqenie 
nojiyroji;a na TeppiTopiio ct 40 MHJiJiioHaMH nacejieHiii h ^ito pyc- 
CKan jnepeBHH, no paac^eTv MHHHCTpa ^HHancoBi, Bt ero o6'LflCHe- 
Hiax'L wh rocyfl;apcTBeHHofl pocnHCH, 6jiaroj^apff HeyposaK) 1901 roj^a 
Hefl;oBHpy^H.ia, no KpaflHefi M^pt, 100 Mnji-nioHOBt py6jieff, a, no 
cpaBHeniK) c% ro^naMH e^raronpiaTHMxt maTBX, ji;aace ne Menie 
250 MHJiJi. p. JIoTepn KpecTLflHCKaro 6K)ji;aceTa, o^eBHfl;HO, ocTajiHCB 
HenoKptiTHMH nyxeMt npojijOBOJiBCTBeHHHX'B H ciMeHHHX'B ccyji;x. 

Meffi;i;y T^Mt bg^ ffpyrie bh^h noMomn nocTpa^jaBmeMy otl ne- 
ypoacaa HacejieniBo nojiy^HJin bi nacTO^meMi ro;i;y o^ent Majioe 
pasBHxie. MnnHCTepcTBo BHyTpeHHHXt jijijn paac^HTHBajio na mn- 
poKoe pacnpocTpaHenie bx neypoacai&HLix'B ryfiepHiaxi seMCKHX-L 
^ijopoacHHxt paSoTB 3a c^evh najiHqHBix'B ^^opoacHBixt KanHTajiOB'& 
HBt npe;i;jio.3KeHHaro seMCTBaait, na ocHOBaniH saKona 8 $eBpajia 
1899 r., KpejiiHTa hoa'b o6e3ne^eHie 6yffyii],HX'B nociynjieHifl Bt 
duoTh KanHTaj^, ho BOcuojibsoBaTLcir xaKHMt KpeAHTOMi na ycxa- 
HOBJieHHHX'L ycjiOBiflxi HaniJiH B03M03KHBIMX JiHniB capaTOBCKoe 
ry6epHCKoe h 6oryqapcKoe yi3ji;Hoe seMCTBa Bt cyMM^ 365,000 p. 
Bx CBOK) o^epejiiL xoja[;aTaficTBa seMCTBt ^pyrnxi ryfiepniS o 6e3- 
BosBpaTHOMt HJiH 6e3npoi^eHTHOM'B npaBHTeJiBCTBeHHOMt noco6iH Ha 

yCXpoflCTBO jliOpOfflHUX'B pa60X'L npH3HaHH 6BIJIH CO CTOpOHH MHHH- 

cxepcxBa BHyxpeHHHxt ^^ijit Henofl;jieacani;HMH y^ijOBjiexBopeniK). Meji- 
Kia o6ni;ecxBeHHBm pa6oTfci bi cejieniaxi no;!;^ Ha6jiK);i;eHieM'L 3eM- 
CKHXi) HaqajrBHHKOBt, no cBHfl,i^TejiLCXBy 3eMCKaro oxA'feJia, nojiy^HJiH 
no^xH noBcoM'fecxHO niHpoKoe pasBHxie h 6ujie Bcxp-fe^ieHbi nacejie- 
HiOMt ct ocofieHHHMt co^yBcxBieM^, HO He6ojit>maa cyMMa, saxpa- 
^eHHan h|i 3xh pa6oxH — MeH-fee 750 xtic. p., yKasHBaexx, ^xo ny- 
xem HX'ii HacejieHie Morjio nojiy^nxL jinniL hh^xohchhS Bt cpaB- 
HeniH ex. cBoefi nyacjiiOH) 3apa6oTOK'L. Bojiie snaqema hm^jih 
ycxpoeHHHH jitcHHM^ ^enapraMenxoM-B na oxnymeHHHe 3aHM0- 
o6pa3Ho MHHHcxepcxBOMX BHyxpeHHHxi. j^ijit 12.000,000 p. pafioxH 
Bt KasenHbixt jiicHHxt ^aqaxt, ho h sxh paSoxH ^anajiH, no npn- 
6jiH3HxejiLHOMy pasc^exy, 3aHaxie jihhil 40 xlic. qejioBtet h e^ 
TOMy ace no BpeMenaMi npiocxanaBJiHBajiHCL. Csepxi. xoro, Bt xe- 
Kym.eMt ro^y 6ujvh ycxpoeni ^Jia nyH^aiomaroca Hacejienifl oco6Hft 
BH;n,x» pa6ox'B na ocnoBaHiH BpeMeflHwx'B npaBHJi'B 15 cenxaSpH 
1901 r., KOxopHXi MH Bt CBoe BpeMa coo6niiajiH *). TaKia pa- 
6oxBi 6HJIH HMeHHO opraHH30BaHH no coopyaceniK) Ci^Bepnofi aceji'feB- 
Hofi ji;oporH oxt nexep6ypra ;iio BaxKH h fl;jia HHXt 6hjih o6pa30- 
BaHM Bt ry6epHiaxx» Ka3aHCKofi, CaMapcKofi, CHM6HpcK0fi, XapB- 
KOBCKoa H BoponeaccKofi noji;!. HaejHOAenieMt seMCKHxt naqajiBHHKOB'B 
apxejiH pa6oqHxx>, nepeBeseHHHa 3axiMX» na cqexx KasHH kx m^^- 
cxaMX> pa6oxTb. Ho na axn pa6oxbi 6hjio npnnaxo Bcero 10,720 ^e- 
jiOBiKX) H ej^Ba-jiH ont ;i;ocxaBHjiH HacejieHiio cepBe3HBifl 3apa6oxoK'i>. 


*) «P. BoraTCTBO*, 1901, Xs 10, «XpoHHKa BHyxpeHHeft Hcn3HH». 


XPOHHKA BHYTPEHHEfi 3KH3HH. 157 

Pa6oHiH no.iy^aji'B na hhxi. 35 Kon. Bt ^ohe na KaaeHHOMt npo- 
^OBOJiLCTBiH F OT^ 40 ^0 55 KOH. npH npo;i;oBOJiBCTBiH Ha co6- < 
eTBeHHHfl cieTE. nepe;i;BH»eHie pafio^nxt na M-fecia pa6oTi HanajiocL 
7 Hoa6pa H OKOH^eno 6fiiio 16 sHBapa. ^Uoa^Hee npH6HTie Hfeo- 
TopHxi napxifi Ha pa6oTfci, — roBopHTca bt> $eBpajiLCKOM% coo6HiieHiH 
seMCKaro oTjai-fejia, — Bt cbash cl Heo6xo;iiHMOCTi>K) o6paTHaro bos- 
BpanieniH ko BpeMenH BeceHHHxt noctBOBX, yMeHLniaa sapadoTOKi 
pado^Hxi, yMajiaeT'E ji^jisi HEXt nojiesHoe SHOTenie 9thxx Mtponpiff- 
Tifi". ^[iScTBHTejiLHO, c^HTaa J^aace ipn M'fecHn;a pa6oTH deat npo- 
ryjiLHHX'L fliHeS, pa6o^fl Mora sj^ich BHpa6oTaTt He 6oJi^e 25 p», 
H3T> KOTopHxi eiiy npefl;cToajio ein;e o63aBecTHCL Tenjiofi ojifimjifl&, 
y 6ojiLmHHCTBa, ecjin ne y Bcixt, npHH^THxt Ha pa6oTH, bvljsjiuo, 
OTcyTCTBOBasmefl. „H6fliocTaTonHOCTL Hxt 3apa6oTKa npn ycjioBin 
onjiaTH Hst nojiyqeHHHXi jnenert Heo6xo3;HMofi jn^ia. pa6oTH Ha 
CiBepHofi Aopori TenJiofl 0fl;eJKfl;u, no6yfl;HJia — roBopHTi coo6ni;eHie 
aeMCKaro OT;i;*Jia — HOBropo^cKaro ry6epHaTopa X0fl;aTaficTB9BaTB 
o CHadaceniH 3to3 o^ieacAofi H-feKOxopHxi pado^Hxt OTt 06mecTBa 
Kpacnaro Kpecia. Xoj^axaflcTBO aio yJ^OBJIeTBopeHo". HaKOHeii;t, 
nocji'fefliHiS BHfl;!* npapHxejiLCTBeHHofi noMoni;H rojio;i;aioni;HM'L — ccyfl.H 
seMCTBaMt H ropofl;aM% na op^aHH3a^iIo npoj^aacH xjii&6a no 3aroTO- 
BHTejibHofl i^tat H Ha coxpaHenie KpecTLancKaro pa6oqaro CEOxa — 
xaKHce He nojiyqHJi'E mnpoKaro pasBHxin h kx xoMy ace nepBaa hsi 
sxExt Mtpi Morjia nojiy^HXB cepLesHoe ana^eHie jihuil xaMi, r^i 
KpecxBane, He HMta xjii^6a, hm^^jih, no KpaflHefl nipt, fl;ocxaxo^HHfl 
aapaSoxoKt, xor;i;a KaKt noflioGflua ycjiOBia 6hj[h bi ieKyni,eMi 
ro^y cKopte HCKJUo^enieMt, ^.1^wh o6mHM'B npaBHJiOM'B. 

TaKHMt o6pa30MX), nst bc^xi BH^OBt npaBHxejiBcxBeHHOH no- 
MOiii,n HaceJieniiD nandojiBmee sna^enie npHHaji;jie»cajio xjit6HHM'b 
ccyjiaMX, HMtBHiHMi cBoeio nitjiLK) He c^ojiBKo noOTepjKame KpecxL- 
ancKaro xo3flflcxBa, ckojilko npoKopMJieHie rojio;i,aK)m;aro nacejie- 
Hia. Ccy^H 3xh BHfl.aBajiHCB HCKJOo^HxeJiBHO Hepa6o^eMy nacejie- 
hIh), npH xoMt no caMOMy CKpoMHOMy pa3C^exy ^Hcjra nyac^aio- 
ni,HXca H Hxt npo^OBOJiBCXBeHHoS noxpefiHociH. Ha npaKTHK* 
noJiy^eHHHa ccyji;H, kohoiho, pacnpe^iiJiajiHCL Meffifl;y ne-pado^HMi 
H pafioHHHi, HO He HMi&ioni.HM'B pa6oxH, HacejrenieM'B h x^mx ca- 
MHMX HXt CKpOMEHfi pa3Mtp'B CH^e 6oji^e yMeHLHiaJica. ^xo Ka- 
caexca qacxHofi 6jiaroxBopHxejiBHOcxH, xo ona Bt xeKymeMX, ro;i;y 
He Morjia nojiy^Hxt CK0JiBK0-HH6yfl;B aaMixnaro pasBHxia, 6jiaro;^apa 
oco6hm'b ycjiOBiaMX, co3;i;aHHHMi> jiiJia nea. IIomhmo npannxejiB- 
cxBenHHXX y^ipeJKseHifl, bte, roJio;ii;aH)ni.HX'B ryfiepniaxt ^tflcxBOBajiH 
Bt BxoMt roji;y jthhib nonenniejiBcxBO o fljOMaxt ipyfl;ojrio6ia h 
o6ni;ecxBO Kpacnaro Kpecxa, ne pacnojiaraBmia, offnaKO, snanHxejiB- 
hhmh cpejijcxBaMH. noMoni,L, 3aKJiH)?eHHaa bx xaKia paMKH^ ecxe- 
cxBOHHO, He Morjia npe^^ynpe^iHXB h ycxpannxB Bct cepBe3HHa no- 
cjitji;cxBia neypoacaa. ^ . 

He xaKi fliaBHO 6epjiHHCKift KoppecnoHj^enxTb „P. Bi;i;oMOCiefl" 


158 ' PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

coofimHJi'L Bi 3Toft rasett jiiQ6oHHTHHfl CBt^tHia npefljCTaBJieH- 
HOMt npyccKHMi npaBHTejiBCTBOMX OT^eit pacnpe^tJieHiH cpe^ijCTBt 
MeKAT KpecTLflHaMH Tpexx BOCToiHux'B npoBHHnifl IIpycciH, nocTpa- 
AaBmHMH Bi nponuiOMi ro^y oti neyposax. CorjracHO 3T0My ot- 
qeTy, „cyMMa noco6ifi, BH;i;aHHHXi rocy^apcTBOMi, fl,ocTHrjia 9V2 
MHJiJiioHOB'b, spoMi Toro, M^CTUBiM'b caMoynpaBJieHieMx 6ujio bh- 
;^aHO He MeHie unjiJiioHa hsi co6cTBeHHUx'B Gpe;i;cTBi h SHa^HiejiB- 
Hue KpeAHTH 6ujiH npeAOCxaBjieHiii noxepni^BniHM'b otl Heyposaa 
G6eperaTejiBH£iMH saccanH h TOBapnn^ecTBaMH. B'b cyMMy rocyAap- 
CTBeHHaro noco6iH ne bohijih ckh^kh gi sejiisHOAopoaEHHX'E TapH- 
$OB'B, noco6iA B'B BHji;% EopMa ji^Jisi GKOxa H ApoBi H31 rocy^ap- 
CTBeHHHX'fc jiiGOBi H TOMy noflio6HHa ycjiyrn Haiypofi". Bg^xs no- 

CTpajJ^aBmnXl RpeCTBflHGRHX'B XOSflfiGTB'B „6UJ[0 TOJILRO 71,000 H Ha 

TaEofi GpaBHHxejiBHO He6ojiBmoS ROHTflHrenx'B nyxj^aion^HXGfl saxpa- 
qeno 6hjio hsi ofimeGXBeHHtix'B Gpe^^cxBt ji;o 12-xh MHJiJiioHOFB. 
3a xo, — npH6aBJiaex'fc RoppecnoHj^enxi, — mu 3A*cb ne cjiuxajiH hh 
roJioAHOM-B xH$t, HH „rojiofl;HOM'B xjitdife** H3X acejiyAefl h co- 
jiOMBi, hh nepecejieHiHX'B. JIioah npo;i;ojiacaj[H shxb, RaRi* npn- 
bhkjih acHXB npeac;a;e, xo3aflGXBO ne nocxpafliajio, CEort ne npHni- 
jiocB npoAaeaxB 3a 6edU!bK0K'b, npoAaJBi RpeGXBHHCRHX'B ^BopoBx 
6Brjio He 6ojiBnie, ^^wb bi> HopMajBHue roAu" *)- 

HHoe sptjiHu^e npe^GxaBJiAiox'B Hamn neyposcaSHUH ry6epBiH. 
Yse B'B naqaji-fe HonSpn o6meGXBo KpaGHar,o KpeGxa coo6miiajio, ^xo 
HifB ROMan^HpoBaHu oxpHj^u GeGxep'B MHjiocepAia Ha ann^eMiio tr^bl 
B'B ARRepMancRiS yis^'B BeGcapa6GRoS ry6epHiH h wb IQaiiiRiS h 
KHpGanoBCRiS yis^u TaMdoBGRoS ry6epHiH **), Bi ^enpajiBCROMB 
GOo6n^eHiH seMGRaro oxj^^jia MHHHGxepGXBa BHyxpennHxi ^tjii 6hiJL0 

3aHBJieH0, ^XO 8a60Jli^BaHiH 6piOHIHUM'B XH^OMl, XOXH H B'B He60JIB- 

moMi ^HGJi^, o6HapyseHU B'B Chm6hpgro& ry6epHiH^ b'b ByayjiyE- 
GROMi, ByrypycJiaHGROM'B h CxaBponojiBGROMi yi3Aax'B CaMapGRoi 
ry6epHiH h b'b MensejiHHGROM'B h Bejie6eeBGR0Mi yfe^ax'B — Y^hm- 
GRofi. TaEia se 3a6oji£BaHia i^BiHroH) 6hjih o6HapyjEeHu B'B Chm- 
6HpGEofi ry6epHiH, b'b Hobomogeobgeom'b h MapiynojiBGEOMi yts^ax'B 
ERaxepHHOGJiaBGRoft ry6epHiH, B'B TexromcROM'B h ^hgxohojibgeomx — 
Ka3aHGEoS, bi XBajiBiHGSOMi — CapaxoBCEoS, b'b MensejiHHGEOM'B h 
BejiedeeBCEOMi — Y^hmceoS h bi. rjia30BGEOM['B--BaxGEofi ry6epHiH. 
HefijiaronojiyqHOK) b'b caHHxapnoM'B oxHomeniH 0Ea3ajiaGB h Aemo- 
jiHHGEaa o6jiacxB. CorjaGHo 6oJite no3fl;HeMy GOodmeniK) 3eMGEaro 
oxA^Jia, ony6j[HROBaHHOMy bi ROHi^'b Mapxa, xh^'b hohbhjiga erne 
B'B ryfiepniaxB TaM6oBGRo8 h OpenSyprcRofl, bb BoryqapGROM'B 
jtsj^i BopoHeaccRofi ry6epHiH h b'b Bhpgeomb y^sji,^ Y$HMGRot 
ry6epHiH, npn qeMi bi 3xom'b noGji'j&j^HeMB y^sji^k 6HJia o6HapyseHa 
H GHJiBHafl aHHAeMifl i^uHrn. Chjibhua sadoji^BaHifl i^uHroK) 6iiJin^ 


*) cP. Bt;^.», 11 Mapra 1902 r. 
**) «PocciH», 11 H0fl6pH, 1901 r. 


XPOHHKA BHyTPEHHEg 2KH3HH. 159 

KpoM* Toro, o6HapyaceHH bhobl eme Bt cji'fe^yioin.Hxi MtcTHocTaxt: 
wh BajiyflcKOMi h OcTporoaccKOMi ytajiaxi BoponeaccKofi rydepmn, 
Bi KynffHCKOMi h BojiqaHCKOM'B y*3;^ax'B XapBKOBCKofl ryoepmn, 
wh CaMapcKOMX, CxaBponojiBCKOM'B, ByryjiBMHHCKOMi, ByrypycjiaH- 
cKOTfh, HnKOJiaeBCKOMi h HoBoyaencKOMi yfeanaxx ryfiepnin Ca- 
MapcKofi H Bi TeTiofflCKOMt, ^HCTonojiLCKOM'fc, CnaccKOMi, Mama- 
J^ImGKOWh, JlaHmeBCKOM^b, CBiaaBccKOMi H ^e6oKcapcKOM'B yi3fl;axx 
KasaHCRofi rydepniH. HaKOHou'b, bi> CjiaBAHOcepdcROM'B j'hsfl,^ EKa- 
TepHHOCJiaBCKofi ry6epHiH cpe;n;H Hacejiema noaBHJiacB ^^HJ^eMia Ky- 
pHHofi cjifinoTH, noAo6HO TH$y H ii;HHr^ BOSHHKinaH na jio^b^ ne- 
ji;ocTaTO^Haro nHTaHin. TaKHMi odpasoMi, h3% 19-th ry6epHifl h 
ofijiacTefl, cociaBHBfflHX'B paSoHt npofliOBOJTBCTBeHHHX'B oiiepaq;i8 
seMCKaro OTftijia, Bt 11 ryCepniax'B h ofliHofl ofijiacTH pasBBJiacB 
pa3HOo6pa3HJbiA anH^eMn^ecEiH sa.6oji^Ba,Eisf, o6ii3aHHUfl cbohm'b 
IIpoHcxoac;^eHieMX HefljocxaToqHOMy nHTaniio. 

IIoM'femaBniiffca BpeMa ott. BpeMeHH Bt raaeTaxi qacTHwa CBt- 
fl;*Hia noJioaceHiH OT^^ijiLEHXi HeypoKaHHMXt MficTHocTefl, He 
OTJiH^aacL 6ojiLmoK) o6cToaTejiBHOCTbio, nosBOJiflroTt Bce ace ;i;onoji- 
HHTB 3Ty odmyio KapTHfly Hi^KOTopHMH xapaKTepHHMH ;^eTaJIaMH. 
CjiaB)iHOcep6cKoe y43;i;Hoe 3eMCKoe co6paHie nocTanoBHjio xo^aTaft- 
CTBOBaTL nepeji;^ npaBHTejiBCTBOMi o npojioaceniH bi npeS^Jiax'L 
yt3flia HOBaro aceji*3Hoji;opoacHaro nyTH fl;jia ;i;ocTaBjreHia 3apa6otKa 
HacejieHiH) h MOXHBHpoBajio bto nocTanoBjieHie cjii^Ayron^HMi o6pa- 
aoMt: Bi yfefl;4 ^Heypoacaft nojiHHS, — h^ti hh xji46a, hh KopMa 
ji^jLsi cKOTa", H „ecjiH HacToamee nojiomeHie Bemefl npefl;ocTaBHTb 
eciecTBeHHOMy TeHemio h ne npoTanyTB pyKH noMomn KpecTLaH- 
CKOMy HaceJieHiH), ero 6jiarococTOHHie 6y;i;erB noAopBano Bt ko- 
peHL" *). He Meni^e neiajiLHO nojioHenie h*kotophx'b MicTHocTeft 
nepMCKoS ry6epHiH. Bi lUaApHHCKOM'B yfes^ii, cooSmajix ^IlepM- 
CKift Kpafi" eme bi na^ajit ji;eKa6pa, „MHorie h31 nocTpafl.aBiuHX'B 
Haxo;i;flTCH B'L caMOM'b 6e3BHXOAHOM'L nojioaceHiH: acHBod HHBeHTapB, 
KaKofi Hiiijica, pacnpo^aHi, CKyfl;HHe sanacH CE-feflieHH, ^oi&fl,aeTca 
H HHB'feniHaro c6opa He;^03piBI^ift xji*6i», ;i;a y HtKOTOptixi yace h 
TaKOBoro HtTt. Mhcjih HecqacTHHXt sansTH JiHniB 3aBTpafflHHM'F. 
fliHeMi H KycKOMi XJi^6a, o ropa^efi nHm,^ He noMMinjiaeTca... Hh- 
mie BCH)fl;y fipofliaT'L MaccanH, o;^i&THe Bt HeBOSMoacHHS py6Hma, 
nojiyflarie h nojiy6ocHe. JtTH-niKOJiBHHKH, iipHcnoco6HBi cboh 

mSOJILHHH CyMH B7> HHIUeHCKie EOmeJIH H HJl^Si B'L HIEOJiy HJIH HSt 

niKOJiH ;n;oMofl, o6xo;i;aT'B ;i;BopH cejremfl, npoca mmocthhk). Ho Ha 
yHHJitie HantBH nnmnxt — „uo;i;aflTe XpHCTa-pafl;H** — cJiumHTca bi 
OTB-feTt rpycTHoe, po6Koe — „Bon fljacTi**. KpoMi& Toro, bi h*koto- 
pux'b cejieHiaxt cpe^H rojioffaiDmHX'B cBnpincTByiOTX anH;i,eMHqe- 
cKia 6ojii&3HH. 3a*cl KapTHHa jih);ickhxi CTpaflianifl fl;ocTHraeT'L 
CBoero anorea. B^ nexonjieHHX'B H36ax'B, cpe^H rpasH h BceB03- 


*) cP. B'feA.^, 13 4»eBp. 1902 r. 


160 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

MoacHHXt JioxMOTLeB'B, HecqacTHue 6ojiLHHe, nHxaacB ojb,hhmi» xjit- 
6oMi, H npH TOMi Hefl;o6poKaqecTBeHHHMi, 6opK)Tca bi cTpaniHHxt 
MyHeniffxt aa acHSHb" *). 3a nocji^jtHia He;i;tjiH ho^bbjihcb nsBtcTia 
H HOBuxi o^araxii anHAeMH^ecKHxi) 3a6ojiiBaHifl b'e npej^^Jiax'b 
Tofi ^e nepMCKofi ry6epHiii: bi HpOhtckomi y^3fl;i i^BiHra nojiy- 
HHJia fflHpoKoe pacnpocTpaneHie, noaBHJiacL ona h bx BepxoTyp- 
cKOMt yfesA* **). Bi EEaxepHHOCJiaBCKofl ry6epHiH, no coo6iiiiemaM'E 
raaeTt, CBHptncTByeTb bi nocj[tfl;Hee Bpema acecTOEaa 9nH;i;eMia 
cuQHoro TH^ta, AOCTHraK)iii;aa oco6eHHofi ghjiu Bt EsaTepHHOCJiaB- 
CKOMi H AJIeKcaH;^poBCKOMl» yfea^axi ***). Meacfliy Ttn'h tojibko hto 
HasBaHHHa ry6epHiH He OTHOcaTCff eme ki, ^HCjiy Haneojite no- 
cTpafl.aBfflHXt. Bi ;i;pyrHXT> Mtcxaxi nojioacenie BHHecfflHXt neypo- 
miA cejienifi aBJineTca eme 6ojite TS3KejiHMi». 

OTHOCHTejiBHO KasaHCEOfl ry6epHiH, bx KOTopoS 3a6oJiiBaHiii 
ipjHroH) H cunHMMi TH^OMx Ha«iajiHCL M'j^cxaMH yse ch ;];eKa6pff« 
MtcTfloe OTiH^JieHie o6mecTBa Kpacnaro Kpecxa bi oxiex* o cBoeft 
^^axeJiLHOGXH no 1-e ^eBpajiA saaBJiHJio: „^0M0^^> nacejieHiK) Epaine 
Heo6xofl,HMa; nyacAaJomnxca nacxojiLEO MHoro, ^xo KpacnoMy Kpecxy 
6yfliexx» xpyfl;H0 6opoxLCH, ecjiH o6mecxBO ne oxEJiHEHexca cbohm'b 
nocHJiBHHMX noacepxBOBanieMi". „Ho paac^HXHBaxB na axoxi ox* 
EJiHEi, — npH6aBJiffJiH „P. BijiiOMOCXH", coo6n^HB'B npHBe;nieHHua cjiOBa 
ox^exa, — laEKe xpy^jHO, noxoMy hxo Mtcxnoe o6ni;ecxBO ne Moacex^ 
xenepB npEHnkaxB aEXHBHoe y^acxie bi ^tjit noMon^n nocxpafl;aB- 
meny oxi neypoacaa Hacejieniio, jta oho ei xoMy ate jinmeHo bo3- 
MoacHOcxH H 3HaxB, Tjif^ 9xa noMOffliB xpe6yexcff, xaEi EaEi bb m^cx- 
HMXi* raaexaxB HHEaEHXB CBtjciHifi no axony noBo;i;y ne hoab- 
oiaexcji" ****). Cb ffpyrofl cxopoHH, fl;McxBHxejD[BHOcxB CEopo BHacHHJia^ 
EaEi* npeyBOJiHqeHBi 6bijih Ha^eacABi, Eoxopna BOjSJiarajiHCB na opra- 
HHsyeMBia, corjiacHO BpeMeHHHM'B npaBHjiaMi 12 iioHa 1900 r., bo- 
jiocxHHir none^HxejiBcxBa h, bb qacxHocxH, na ynacxie bb bxexb. 
none^HxejiBCXBaxB Mtcxnaro 8eMjieBJia;i;'fejiB^ecEaro ajreMenxa. Hs'b 
22 none^HxejiBGXBB, oxEpuxuxi ;i;o 1 ^eBpajia bi MaMa;i];B[niGEOM'B 
H ^HGxonojiBGEOM'B yte^axi, jiHniB naxB GOGxoajiH no^B npefliGtflia- 

XeJIBGXBOM'B M^CXHHXB 3eMJieBJiafl;tJIBUeB'B, TJiaBHHfl ace EOHXHHreHX^ 

npe;i;G^^axej[en none^HxejiBGXBB GOGxaBHJin soMGEie HaqajiBHHEH h 
GBaiDieHHHEH. TaEB, H3B 12 none^HxejiBGXBB MaMafl;uniGEaro yfoflia 
BB naxH 6Hjn» oji;hh'b h xoii ace npe^Gt;i;axejiB — ^seMCEifi HanajiB- 

HHEt, BX OAHOMl — GiaHOBOfi npHCXaBB, a B% OGXaJIBHHXt DieGXH — 

CBamiieHHHEH *****). Meacfl;y x6mb HaceaeHie MaMa^niGEaro yt8fl;a co- 
cxoHxi no npeHMyni;eGXBy h3'b xaxapi. HoGxanoBEa npoAOBOJEBCiBen- 


*) Il^HTHpyeMi* no «P. Bij^oMocTJTMTb*, 10 ;^eK. 1901 r. 
**) «H. BpeMfl*, 4 anp. 1902 r. 

***) «Cn6. Bi^.*, 27 m 30 MapTa; «H. BpeMfl», 23 MapTa, 1902 r. 
****) cP. BiA.*, 6 $eBp. 1902 r. 
*****) cP. Bt^*, 6 4)eBp. 1902 r. 


XPOHHKA BHyTPBHHBH aCH3HH. 161 

Haro jijkJLB, Bi KasaHCKOH ry6epHiH saKJiio^ajra, finpo^eMi, Bt ce6i . 
H HiKOTopBiJi Apyriii, He MeHie cepteBHtia, Hey^ioficTBa. TaKt, no 
cjiOBaMt raseTt, npn nepeB03Ki OBca ;i;jiji nedjiaronojiyqHHX'B yis- 
^OBi 3Tofi ry6epHiH OKaaajiocB, ^to ero aaroTOBo^Haji m^Ha ropa3fl;o 

BHine M^CTHHXt pi>THO^HHXI> H^Ht Ha OBlBCt HpH O^HHaKOBOMl 

KaqecTB'fe npoji;yKTa. Bjiaro^apa aiOMy, EpecTLflnaMX, nojiy^HBrnHMi 
ccyji;Li OBCOM'B, npHji;eTca na Kaac^oMt ny^ii ero nepejuia^HBaTB OTt 
5 3;o 10 H 6ojite KonieKi *). Ho, Kone^HO^ KpecTtHHaMt, He ew^b- 
mnwb HH cBoero OBca, hh ;i;pyroro HCTO^HHKa homoh^h, Tpy;i;H0 
6hjio 6bi 0TKa3aTBca otx aTHxt ccyfl;!.. 

KasaacKaa ryfiepma ^BHHecjia 3a nocjiiji;Hie ro;n;H pa^ii^ nocji^^iio- 
BaTejiBKHXi H o^eHB cHJiBHbixt HeypoacaeBt. Hey;i;HBHTejiBHO no- 
3T0My, ^TO Qs HaceJieHie, xo3a8cTBeHHHa cpe;i,cTBa KOToparo 6mjih 
yace bi Kopent no;i;opBaHLi, ne cMorjio cnpaBHTtca ce. hoboh 6^;n;ol 
H 6HCTpo ;i;oniJio ji;o Kpafinnx^ cTeneneH nya^Bi. Ho n no M^pi^ 
pa3BHTiji Bt Ha3BaHHog ry6epHiH npofliOBOJiBCTBeHHOH KaMnaniH nan- 
6ojLte rpo3HHfi noKasaxejiL 6'^jiGmis, Bnpaacaiomiflcii bi i^H$pi 
auHAeMH^ecKHxt sado^ii&BaHifl, He tojibko ho yMentniajicff, ho npo- 
rpeccHpoBaji'L cl Bce B03pacTaK)iij,eK) 6lictpotoh). Bt na^ajii Mapia 
rySepncKan ynpaBa 3aTpy;i;Hffjiaci> yace yji;oBJieTBopaTi> pcj^ Tpe6oBa- 
Hia Hat yfeaj^oBx o KOMaH;i;HpoBaHiH Bpa^e6HBix'b OTpaj^OBi Bt m4- 
cTa pacnpocTpanemH ii;biHrH h ocodHMt ii,HpKyj[flpoMT» ji;ajia snaiB 
yi3aHHM'B ynpaBaMt, ^to Bt ea pacnopajKemH h^ti ;n;a3Ee hh- 
KaKoro HHsniaro MefliHH,HHCKaro nepconajia. I]|BiHra, jii'feflcTBHTejiBHO, 
pa3pocTajiacB cb nopa3HTejiLHOio cHJiofl. CorjiacHO- OTqeiaMi. Me- 
;i;hi^hhckoh kommhccIh MicTHaro ynpaBjieniH o6ffl;ecTBa Kpacnaro 
EpecTa, 3a BpeMH ci 15 Hoa6pa nponiJiaro roji;a no 9 $eBpajia Te- 
Kyn^aro rq;i;a 6BrJio 3aperHCTpHpoBaHO 254 cjiy^aa HiHHrH na 3.499 
3a6ojitBaHifl Boo6iii;e, 3a BpoMa ace ct 9 $eBpajMi no 9 napxa — 
1.542 cjiyqaa niBiHrn Ha 3.827 3a6ojii^BaHift BOo6ni;e. Hna^e roBopa:, 
B'B nepBOMi* nepioflj-fe ii;BiHra cocTaBjiajia jinniB okojio 7% o6ni;aro 
^HCJia 3a6oJitBaHifi, a bo BTopoMt yase okojio41%. Ho otjij^^jibkbimx 
yi&3;i;aM'B 3to OTHonienie npe;i;cTaBjrfljiocL b% eni;e 6oji'£e BnymHTejiB- 
HMx^ DjH^paxTb. Bx TeTiomcKOM'B y^3fl,^ 3a BpeMa cb 9 $eBpajiff no 
9 Mapxa H3B 1.363 3a6ojitBaHifi ki niBinrt othochjihcb 1.103 cjiy^aa 
HJEH 80%, Bi CnaccKOMi yi3;i;4 3a to ace> BpeMa i],BiHra cocTaBHjia 
70% o6in;aro ^ncjia 3a6oji'feBaHifi. Yace bi $eBpajii^ 3Ta rpo3Haff 
ciiyTHHii,a rojio^a npo6pajiacB h bt» t^ y*3;i;H ry6epHiH, KOTopwe ne 
BKJiioqeHH BB ^HCjio „He6jiaronojiyqHHX'B no ypoacaio". 3a 3xo ace 
BpeMa, no cjioBaMB HasBannofi KOMMHcciH, Ha6jiK)ji;ajiHCB h ffpyria 
3a6ojr'feBaHia, 3aBHcamiir otb Hej^ocxaTO^Haro h njioxoro nHTania: 
KypHHaa cji-J^noTa, acejiy^o^Ho-KHme^HBie KaiappH, KpoBaBHfi hohocb, 
6pioniHo3 H cBinHot th^bi, npn ^eMB 3th dojitann onaTB-TaKH oxBa- 
TBiBajiH H y'£3;i;Bi, npHsnanHBie 6jiaronojiy^HBiMH. CBH^tTeJiBCTBya o 


*) «Cn6. B'kfl,.:^, 14 ^enp. 1902 r. 
J« 4. OTA'kjrh II, 11 


162 PyCOKOB BOrATOTBO. 

HefljocTaToqflOCTH Bpaqe6Hofi h npo^OBOJiBCTBeHHofl noMomn, OKaaw- 
BaeMoS HacejieHiH), Me;i,HUHHGKaa KOMMHccifl b7> 3aKJiH)^eHie cBoero 
MapTOBCKaro OTiexa BHpaacajia CBoe rjiyfioKoe coacajitHie no noBo^y 
Toro, HTO BOJiocTHHH Hone^HTejiBCTBa Kpacnaro KpecTa He 6bijih 
OTKptiTH cBoeBpeMeHHO BO Bcixx yisfl.axi, nopaffieHHHXi He;i;opo- 

ToTx ace fiHCxpHfl pocrt CBaaaHHHxi ct rojiofl.oBKOio 9nH;i;eMii 
Ha6jiH)fliaeTca h b-l y$HMCKofi ry6epHiH. Kt fta^ajry $eBpajia: coo6- 
menie seMCKaro OT;i;^Jia nac^HTHBajio bi MensejiHHCKOMi yisfl;* 687 
i^HHroTHHX'fc 6ojiLHHX'B. Ki 22 ^eBpajTfl HXi 6hjio BaperHCTpnpo- 
Bano 8ji;tci> yjKO 2.001 ^eji., Hna^e roBopa, aa xpn He;i;tjiH ^hcjio 
i],HHroTHwxi. yBejiHHHJiocB Ha 1.314 qeji. hjih na 191%. Bx $eB- 
pajiBCKOM'B sad^iKaHiH Bpa^ednaro coB^xa MensejiHHGRaro seMcxBa 
6ojiBniHHCXBOMi> Bpa^eS 6hjih KOHCTaxHpoBaHH njioxoe nnxaHie na- 
cejieHiii, He;i;ocxaTo^HOcxB BHj^aBaeMfcixt naftKOBt h ney^OBJiexBopH- 
xejiBHoe cocTOiiHie Me;i;Hi^HHCKOfi noMonfa Bt y^sii;*. IIoAoSHHa ace 
b4cxh Hfliyxt H3i> Bejie6eeBCKaro, y$HMCKaro h CxepjiHxaMaKCKaro 
yi3;i;oBi, EST> KOxopHxi fl;Ba nocji'6ja;Hie ne oxneceHH Bt hhcjio ne- 
djaronojiy^HMxt **). Bx CapaxoBt h Bt CaMapi 3a nocjitfl;Hee Bpena 
xH$03HHa 3a6oji'6BaHia npHHajiH 9aH;i;eMHqecKifi xapaKxepi, npn ^eM'B 
rjiaBHHMH o^araMH 6oJi'fe3HH flBjiHioxca na^JieacHHe ;n;0Ma ***). Bt o6- 
meMt Bt CaMapcKOfl ry6epHiE ann^eMH^ecKia 8a6ojifeaHia Hocaxt 
He cxojiL HHxencHBHHfi xapaKxept, KaKt bs Ha3BaHHHxx BHme, no 
Bx ocxajiLHOMt cy^6a nocxpafljaBmnxt oxi neypoacaji Kpecxtant 
flBJiaexca h sji/kch KpajSne xaacejioS. Mi^cai^'B Hasa;!;^ hsi ByryjiBMHH- 
cKaro yt3;i;a coofimajiH, hxo m^cxhuA ropo;i;cKOH JiOMfiap^i'B saBajreHi 
pa3HHMH KpecxLancKHMH HoacHXEaMH. BHJ^aBaeMaa no^i.t hhxi ccy^a 
K0Jie6aJiacB Meacfliy 1 — 3 p. h pfc^nKO ;i;ocxHrajia 10 p. TtMi He Me- 
Hie BecB flieHeacHHH sanaci JiOM6ap;iia, npocxHpaBniiflcH fl,o 2.000 p., 
6hji'b kx 3xoft nop'fe yace Hc^epnant, ne CMoxpa na xo, ^xo jiom- 
6apfl;'B 6pajii no 12%, h na fliajEBH-feflmee BpoMa k% ycjiyraMt 
KpecxBant ocxajica jehhib ^acxHtifi, eme 6oji4e ^oporofl Kpe;i;HX'B ****). 
KpecxBane CaMapcKaro yfefl,a, nHcajit okojio exoro ace BpeMenn 
KoppecnoH^enxi) o;i;Hofl h3'b cxojih^hhx'b ra3exx, „b'b 6oaBmHHCXBife 
cjiyqaeBi naxo^axca bb 6i;i;cxBeHH0M'B noJioaceniH: npo^arox'b 
3a nojiOBHHHyK) m^ny HHor^a nocjit;i;HK)H) cKOXHHy, . npo^fliaioT'b 
xai^6'B, ocxaBJieHHB[fl na c^Mena, 6epyxi» Bnepe^i;!* xji46'b tL fl;eHBrn 
HOfli^ BeceHHia h Ji-fexma pa6oxH, a n^Koxopwe, Hc^epnaB'B Bci 
peccypcH, H^iiyxT* nodnpaxBca, xaKi ^lo npnjiHB'B hhhiihx'b bi» ce- 
jiaxx» — 3Ha^HxejiBHHfi". Xa46HHa ccyji;H ^nojiy^aioxB xojibko caMHe 
Hyacffaiomieca", a, 3aHHMaa ji;eHBrH h xji^6'b y ^acxHttXi jiHUi'B no^i 


*) «P. Btff.», 16 a 20 MapTa 1902 r. 
**) «Cn6. Bt;ii.>, 19 Mapxa h 4 anp.; «H. BpeHfl», 23 Hapxa 1902 r. 
***) «HHJKer. JIhctoki.*, 11 MapTa; <P. Bfe^.*, 3 aup. 1902 r. 
****) «HH«er. JIhctok'b*, 11 MapTa 1902 r. 


XPOHHKA BHYTPEHHEfi SHSHH. 163 

pa6oTy, KpecTBflHe BHHyac;i;eHH 3anpofl;aBaTL cboS Tpy^t no ji;enie- 
Bofi Hi'lH^, ^acTO B^oe MeHBinefl npoTHBt nopMajiLHofl. KpecTLSH- 
<3Kit CKOTt nponaji;aert oti 6e3KopMHi],H. „Y KopoBi mojioko hohth 
nponajio, a jiomajiiH y 6i;i;Hfl[K0B'L o6e3CHJi^JiH ;^o Toro, ^to He ro- 
;^HTCfl[ Ha pa6oTy". MicTaMH H3:B-3a He^nocTaxKa Kopna ckoti npo- 
;n;aioT'B na mKypH, MiciaMH na^ajica yace h chjibkhS najneact CKOia. 
•He o6hjilho nHTanie h caMHXi KpecTtaHX. jjEi^naKH 6ojiLnieK) 

qaCTLK) ^Ji,SiTl> TOJIBKO pHaHOfl XJlt6l CX BOJIjOK) HJIH CI nyCTHMH 

Hi;aMH, cBapeHHHMH Hst Bo^Bi H KanycTBi. KBacB H KapTO$ejiB p4fl;K0 
MoacHO BCTptTHTB". IIpH BceifB TOMi „B3HCKaHie nojuaTefl H^exi 
-SojiBmeio ^acTBH) o6hhhhm'b nopa;i;KOM'B, KaKi h bo BpeMH bhojih^ 
^jraronojiy^HHx^ ro^jjOBi" *). Ho Bt CaMapcKOMi yis^ji, cy;n;a no 
raseTKHMt HSBicTiaMi, 6hjio, no KpaflneS Mipi^ BO-BpeMa o6e3ne- 
^eno o6ctMeHeHie nojiefl ji;jia Tixi KpecxLHH'B, KOTopHe ycniJiH 
coxpaHHTL xoTL ^acTB CBoero acHBoro h MepxBaro HHBeHTapa. B'b 
HnKOJiaeBCKOMt ace yi3fl;i eni;e bt» nepBHXt ^HCJiaxt Mapxa He 
TOJiLKO He 6HJia saKOHqena Bfci;i;a^a c^MJiHt, fio ^Jia MHorHXt m^cti. 
6hjio „coBepnieHHO HeH3B^CTH0, rfl;^ nojiy^axB ctMena, a Koe-r;iii ho 
6lijih eme yTBepac;i;eHH h cauHe c^MennHe chhckh" **). 

HenecejiHa BtcTH ;i;0H0caTCff h nst Ch6hph. Bt MHHycHHCKOMt 
y43;i;i^ EHHceflcKOH rydepniH shmok) BCJit;i;cTBie 6e3KopMHnH 6HJia ne- 
peptsana Macca npo^aHHaro sa 6e3^iHOE'E cKOxa. H3t> KpacHoapcKaro 
yi3;i;a, KaKi nHmyTt „Cn6. BijuoMOCTaMi,", „acHTejiH pa36pejiiaiOTCH 

no paSHHM-B M^CTaill, HH^a 3apa60TKOB'B. O^HH H^yTi Bt KpacHO- 

apcKi), HO 3fl$cL Majio HaxoiUHTCH Jiijia lijLSi npujioaceHia pyEX, ;i;py- 
rie OTnpaBJiaioTCff b% HpRyTCKi, a HHHe Bt 3a6afiKajibe na cxpoK)- 
miyiocH acejiisnyio fl;opory h ;i;aace Bt Man^acypiio". Ha noKynKy 
xjii6a ;i;jia HeypoacafiHHxi MtcTHOCTefi . ry6epHiH, npn^eMi rjiaBHHMt 
odpasoMi HMieTca bx BH^y saroTOBKa ctMaHi ja;jiii Becennaro no- 
ciBa, OTnyn^eHi. Kpe^HTi, m> cyMM^ 213.000 p., no 9Ta cyMMa hb- 
Jiaexca en^e cjinnrKOMt MaJioio bx» cpaBHenm cl pa3MipaMH Hyac;i;Bi. 
Bx Hocxpa^aBinHxt y^Bj^ax^ Tomceoh ry6epHiH noaBHJHCB 3a6ojii^- 
Bania niMnroio h, bx, eni;e 66jiLfflHXX> pa3Mi^paxx>, ocnoio h 6pioni- 
HHMX> XH$OMx, KOxopHfi paH*e Bt Ch6hph dHJIt nOTTH HeH3B'6cxeH^ 
IS. MHorHMH c^Hxajica ^aace HecBoficxBeHHoft efl 6oJii3HLK) ***). 
Bcfe npHBe;i;eHHHa cBi^^inia aBJiaioxca, Kone^HO, He 6ojiie, KaKt 

^aCXHHMH npHM-fepaMH. Ho 9XH qaCXHHO npHMipH Wh H3BtCXH0ft 

oxeneHH ^jaioxt Bce ace BOSMoacnocxL BJioacHXB acHBoe co;iiiepacaHie 
Bi paMKH yKasaHHofi BHme o6ni;eS KapxHHH nojioacenia neypoacafi- 
HHXi ry6epHifi. Pacnpo;i;aaca KpecxtanaMH CBoero HMyn^ecxBa n 
^Koxa, ji;oxo;iiani;aa ;iio nojrnaro HCxom;eHia cpe^cxBX) KpecxtaHCKaro 
xo3aScxBa, xaacejiaa KaCajia, najiaraeMaa na ce6a KpecxLanaMH Bt 


*) «Cn6. Bi;n;.», 13 MapTa 1902 r. 
**) «Cn6. Bi;i;.>, 11 Mapxa 1902 r. 
***) «Cn6. JBtji;.*, 25 iiapxa; «P. B-fe^.^, 3 anp. 1902 r. 


11* 


164 PyCOKOB BOrATOTBO. 

fijiHataSmeMt SyjuymeM-B pa;iiH coxpaneHia bosmohhocth acajjKaro cy- 
DxecTBOsama bt> HacToameMt, cepsesHoe ocjia6jieHie chjii nacejre- 

Hiff TaaCKHMH 60Jlt3HiIMH H, HaKOHeili'B, SHa^HTeJIBHOe KOJIH^eCTBO 

^ejiOB'feqecKHX'B acepTBi, — Bci^ 3th nocji*ji;cTBia KpaflHefi HyacjiLi Bt 
6ojiLine|i hjih MeHtinefi cieneHH cocTaBJiaioTX, moskho ;i;yMaTL, o6mee 
;a;ocToaHie Bcero nopaacenHaro neypoacaeMi pafiona. IIoKa Hejitaa 
eme ;a;aace npH6jrH3HTejiBH0 noAC^HTaTt KOjrH^ecTBO noxepB, noHe* 
ceHHBTXi CTpanoH) 6jiar(>;i;apa 3T0My neypoacaK). Bosmoschoctb TaEoro 
no^c^eTa aBHTca jthieb coBpeMeneM'L. Ho h TenepB yace Bci hm^io- 
miaca CBi^iHia nosBo.iaiOT'B yTBepac^axB, hto TeKymiS ro^'B ch- 
rpajii rpoMafl;HyK) h poKOByio pojiB b-b npon;ecci aKOHOMH^ecKOJl 
3B0jiK)i];iH, nepeacHBaeMofi coBpeMeHHofi pyccKoS ji;epeBHeH. Maccy 
cpe^Hnxii KpecTBHHCKHX'B xoBaficTB-B OHi BLiBejii HB-B cocToania 
HeycTofl^HBaro paBHOB^cia h inoBejit ^o nojiHaro Kpymenia, Maccy 
BajKHTO^HHX'B xosaflcTB'B JTHHiHJi'B npeacHHXt cpe;n;cTBi H nOCTaBHJIS 
Ha HaKJioHHyio hjiockoctb o6i&AHeHia. KpecTBancKoe paaopeme gji!^- 
jiajio 3a BTOTt roj.B SojiBinie h cepBesHHe ycnixa h ^ihcjio caMO- 

OTOaxejIBHBlX'B XOSafiCIBX Bt pyCCKOH ^epeBHi^ SHa^HTeJIBHO CO- 
KpaTHJIOCB. 

C-B HacTynjieHieM'B BecHti npndjiHHaeTca pasBasKa npo;i;oBOJiB* 
CTBOHHoS KaMnama. „HeBecejiaa aTO 6y;i;eT'B pa3Ba3Ka, — saM^^aeTS 
caMapcKifl KoppecnoH^enTi „Cn6. BtjuoMOCTefl", — a Bpaji.'B-jrH no- 
^epnayTi h3'b Hea apryMenTH b'b cbok) nojiBsy 3aiii;HTHHKH ne^iiaB- 
Hefl pe$opMH npoAOBOJiBCTBOHHaro ^-fejia" *). HejiLsa bo BcaKOM'B 
cjiyqai 3a6HBaTB, ^to HMenHO Becenaie a JiiTHie Micai^tT, ot^ ko- 
TopHXB saBHCHTi) BGCL 6yji;yiii;iH to^t, seMJie^iJiBqecKaro Hacejrenia, 
aBJiaioTca t^mb BpeMeaeiiB, Kor;i;a pesyjiBTaiH npoinjioro;i;Haro ne- 
ypo^Kaa, 6jiaro;a;apa HcqesHOBeniio nocji'fe]i;HHX'B sanacoBB, CKasH- 
BaiOTCa CB 0C06eHH0K) ocTpoxoio. Xo3aflcTBa, kotophmte. bi bto 
BpeMa He 6y;neT'B 0Ka3aHa j^ocTaio^Haa noMonuB, eji,Ba-JiH yace Kor^a- 
HHdy^B cTanyTx na Hora. BceB03MoacHHa 6oji'63hh hmohho bb aiy 
nopy CB HaHCoJiBmejo chjiok) pacnpocTpanaioTca cpe;i,H ocjiaS^Binara 
H Ha;ji;pBiBaK)ni;aroca na pa6oTi Hacejienia. Bi npeacaie ro^Bi Becna 
H jitTO cjiymHJiH, no Kpaflnefi M-fepi, BpeMeneMB pa3rapa qacTHofi a 
ofimecTBeHHoS 6jiaroTBopHTejiBHOCTH bb fl.'fejii noMoma rojro^aioniiHM'B 
a aTHM'B nyTOMB xotb OT^acTa yMeaBniajiacB TaacecTB KpHTaqecKoa 
j];jia Hacejieaia nopw. TenepB TaKaa 6jiaroTBopaTejiBHOCTB ho^tb 
ycTpaaena. Hpa axaxx ycjiOBiaxi cjianiKOM'B panaee npeKpamenie 
npofl;oBOJiBCTBeHHoft KaMnaaia Morjio pu noBJieaB 3a co6ok) qpe3- 
M-fepao TaaiojiLia nocjii&ji;cTBia a 6hjio 6bi, aanpoTHBB, Kpatae acejia- 
TejiBHO, ^toSli, no Kpaflaeft M'fep'fe, bt> npeji;cToam.ie nocji'fe;i;Hie Mi- 
can;Bi npo;i;oBOjiBCTBeHHo8 KaMnaaia ona 6HJia noBe^eaa aa 6oJiifee 
mapoKaxB ocaoBaaiax'B a cb 6oJiBnieio aaepriefi. JlaaiB bb aTOMT> 
cjiyqa-fe BOSMOHcao 6bijio 6u pascgaTBiBaTB ecjia ae aa B03Mini;e» 


*) «Cu6. B-fe;!!,.*, 11 Mapxa 1902 r. 


XPOHHKA BHyTPEHHBfi ^HBHH. 165 

Hie noHeceHHHX'B HapojiiHLiM'B xosaficTBOMt ymepSoBi,, to xoth 6u 
Ha flpefl;oTBpain;eHie ;i;ajri>Hifiinaro hxi pasBHTin. 


TarocTHHe pesyjiLTaTH nepeneceHHaro CTpasoK) Heypoacaa 6hjih 
Bt TeKymeMi* rofl;y ocjioaKHeHH najiH^HOCTBio ^pyroro He6jiaronpiaT- 
Haro ^BjieniH b% aKOHOMHiiecKoft mchshh CTpaHH. PocTymee HSt ro^a 
Bx rojt'B pascTpogcTBO KpecTBancEaro xosJiflcTBa, coKpaTHBi noKy- 
naTejiLHyio CHJiy cejiLCKaro naceJieHiii, b% KOHn;i KOHn;oB'B OTpasH- 
jocB H Ha HOJiOHceHiH npoMHmjieHHOCTH. BhctphS pocTx KpynHofi 
npoMHHijieHHocTH, o;i;ho BpeMii paji;oBaBmiS cepOTa Hamnxt npoieK- 
i^ioHHCTOBx, Bx nocjii&ja;Hie vojim cm'^hhjich cepbeanHMt h Bce yBe^ 
XH^HBaiomHMCH npoMHHijieHHHM'B KpHBHCOMt. Bt TGKyHiieM'b ro;a;y Ha 
no^Bi aToro Kpnanca npoHsomjio Kpymenie MHornxt KpynHHX'B 
npe;i;npiaTiH h C0Kpani;eHie pasM^poBt mhofhx'b ^pyrnxx, fijiaro^apa 
^eMy 3% pasjiHqHHxt M^CTHOCTaxx PocciH co3;n;ajiacB MaocoBaii 6e3- 
pa6oTHn;a. HpoMBinuieHHocTB ne tojibko ne Morjia norjiOTHTB Maccy 
pa6o^HX'B CHJii, BH6pon[eHHHX'B rojiofl;aK)ni;e8 ;i;epeBHefi, ho cipeMH- 

jaCB qaCTO 0CB060ffHTBCfl[ H OTl BHa^HTeJIBHOH ^aCTH T^X-B JiB.6o^KS.'h, 

KOTopHe yace panie 6hjih saHaTH bi> npoMHnijreHHHX'B npe^npia- 
Tiaxi. TaKoe aBJienie paBHO Ha6jiio^aJiocB bx roacHOM'B, ii;eHTpajiB- 
HOMi H ci^Bepo-3anaji;HOM'B npoMBimjieHHHX'B pafionaxx. 

Bi BaKy h AcTpaxann yace cb BecHLi nponiJiaro ro^ HaKonn- 
jacB Macca HCKaBniHX'B, ho He Haxo;i;HBniHX'B Tpyji;a paSo^Hxt. Ho 
pacnopHaceHiio MtcTHHXi BjiacTefi nojiHn;ia BHCHJiajia OTciofl;a 6e3- 
pa6oTHHX'B Ha po;i;HHy na cpe^CTBa o6in,ecTBa Kpacnaro KpecTa. 
CorjiacHO coodm.eHHHM'B bi rasext „KacmH" CBijij'feHiffM'B, hs-b BaKy 
CB Maa 1901 r. ;i;o 3aKpHTiff naBHraniiH 6bijio xaKHMi nopafljKOM'B 
oxnpaBJieHO bo;i;ok) ji,o 6000 ^ejiOB^Kx, a 3a nocjiifliOBaBniie nojiTopa 
MiicaDia no acejifeHofi fl;opori — 2.000 neJi., ne c^HTan 500 ^ejiOB^Kx*, 
BBifeaBHiHX'B B% TaHiKeHT'B. B-B Ha^aji^ TeKyni;aro ro^ija oacH;i;aJiacB 
OTnpaBKa h3% BaKy enie thcs^h ^lejiOBiK'B *). CepBesHtix'B paswi- 
poB-B fl;ocTHrjia bi btomi rofl;y 6e3pa6oTHn;a h bi npoMBiniJieHHOM'B 
pafioHi^ EKaTepHHOcjiaBCKoS ry6epHiH, panno KaKX Bt ryfiepHiaxx loro- 
3ana;n;HHXx. Meac;i;y npo^HMt, bx KieB* 6jiaro;i;apa 3acTOio npOMBi- 
HiJieHHOCTH K% Ha^ajiy TeKyni;aro ro;n;a cKonnjiacB Macca pa6oqaro 
jEio^a, acHBymaro no;a;eHHHM'B Tpy^ioMx, ho ne naxojiiHBniaro ce6^ 
3apa6oTKa h nyac^aBniarocH bx nacyntHOM'B npoHHTaniH. Bx»-BHfl,y 
3Toro ojx^E'h Ed% KieBCKHX'B TJiacHHX'B BOHieji'B B% MtcTHyK) ;nyMy 
at npefl;jioaceHieM'B OEaaaTB pa6oqeMy HacejieniK) ropo^a BpeMeHHyio 
no^epasKy nyieMi accHrHOBama 5.000 p. na eace^neBHyio BH^aiiy 
THca^H 6e3njEaTHHX'B o6ifl;oB'B n xjiife6a eq% ^emeBHX'B h napo^;- 
HHXi CTOJiOBHX'B BHJioTB ;i;o OTKpBTTiff HaBHran;iH **). SaM^THoe yBe- 


*) ItHTHpyeBfi* no «Cn6. B'fe;i;oMOCTflM'B», 22 (J)eBp. 1902 r. 
**) «KieBjiaHHHT.», 15 ^enp. 1902 r. 


166 PyOCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

jcH^eme ^iHCjia 6e3pa6oTHiaxi npoHSoniJio h bi npnSajiTigcKOM'L 
Kpai. Bt PeBejii ct Ha^ajjOMX HacToamaro ro;i;a H^KOTopBia $a6pHKH 
pacnycTHJiH Maccy pa6oHHXx, a fl;pyria ciajiH o6xo;i;HTbCH ci nojio- 
BHHHHMt ^HCJiOMi Hx^B, HpH ^eMt H 3apa6oTHafl: Hjaxa 6Hjra chjilho 
noHHrnena *). Bi cjifi;i;yK)in;ie MtcHn;H coKpameHie 'iHCjia BaHaTBixi 
paeo^Hxt Bce npoji;ojiacajiocL. „Ha 3aB0fl;i ^JtBHraieJiL", — coo6iiiiajia 
o;i;Ha HSi MicTHHX'L raseii bi MapTi, — pafio^ie aaHHMaiOTca yse 
He eaceffHeBHo, a repeat fl;eHL, T.-e., xpn ;i;Hii bi ne^tjiio. MHorie 
apyrie saBOfliH h $a6pHKH coBciMi pacnycTHJiH csoHxt pa6oqHX'L, 
KOTopue rQJio;i;aK)T'B H BHcejiaiOTCfl nat Pesejia" **). Bi. Pnrt xaKffie 
npoHBOinjio sHa^HTejiLHoe coKpameHie pa6oT'E na ^adpHKaxt, bi 
pesyjELTaTi KOToparo ct HHxt 6hjio yBOJEeno ^o 8.000 pado^nxt* 
B% BHfl;y aToro pnaccKifi 6HpaceBoft KOMHTeTX o6paTHJica Kt MHHHCTpy 
^HHaHcoBi ct xoAaTaflcTBOMt npe;i;ocTaBJieHiH MtcTHHM'E $a6pH- 
KaMi KaaeHHHxt aaKaaoBi. Bi otb^tii na axo xo^aTaficTBo 6hj[(> 
nojiy^eHO HaBimenie acejiiaHOfliopoacHaro A^napTaMeHxa, ^to pnaccKie 
aaBOffH 6jji,jTT> no BoaMoacHOCTH npHHffTH BO BHHManie npn pacirpe- 
flitjieHiH npaBHTejTLCTBeHHHXt aaKaaoBi Bt 1902 r. Meacjuy MeTai- 
jiyprH^ecKHMH $a6pHKaMH ***). Be3pa6oTHi]ia CKaaHBaeTca ch 6ojiLinoK> 
CHJiOK) H Bt neTep6ypri h ero OKpecTHOcraxi. 3a nocjiiji;Hee Bpena 
npHxo^ffTi H3BicTia coKpameHiH npoH3Boji;cTBa na KoaceBeHnHxt aa- 
Bo;^ax'B H KanaTHO-npafliHJiLHHX'B ^adpHKaxt TopfiaTOBCKaro yi3;a;a ****), 
Bi CapaTOBi, no coofimeniaMt raaeix, MHorifl KpynnHa npoMH- 
niJieHHHa 3aBe;^eHia aa HCTeKmyK) anmy coKparajiH ^hcjio aanaTLixt 
Bt HHXi pa6ogHX'B na ^eTBepiL, na TpeiB h fl;a3Ke na nojiOBHHy 
npoTHBi HopMajiLHaro cocTaBa *****). 

Oco6eHHo aaM^TEHMt asHJicii HanjiHBt 6eapa6oTHBix'B Bt n;eH- 
Tpaxx neypoacaSEHXt paftoHOB'B, r^i coe^JinnajiHCB ne Haxofl;amk 
ce6i npHJEoacenia: pa6o^ia chjih ^epeBnn n ropo;i;a. 3;iii^CB cKopie 
cKaaajiHCL h nocjiijiiCTBia TaKoro nanjibiBa. Bt npHBOJiaccKHxi ro- 
poji;axi. HHCJio 6ocaKOB'L yBejin^njiocB ji;o nopaanTejiBEHxi paaMt- 
poBt. Bt CaMapfi, no coo6ni;eHiK) Mi^cTHofi raaeTH, 18 Mapia bx o^inoMt 
HO^jreacHOMt ji;0Mi no^eBajio 1200 6ocaKOB'B ******). Sna^HTejiBHoe 
nepenojinenie no^jreacEHXt fljOMOBi* nafijiiojiiaJiocB aa HCTeKmyio 3HMy 
H B-B CapaTOBi^. Bi o6ohx'l EaaBaEEHxi ropojiiax'B, KaK'B mh yace 
ynoMHEajiH, BcnHXEyjia CHjiBEaa 9nH;i;eMia TE$a. CapaTOBCKaa ro- 
po;i;cKaE ynpaBa b'b nojiOBHsfi Mapxa ofipaTHJiacL k'b jiiyMi ct npeja;- 
jioaceEieMt accHrBOBaTB Ea 6opL6y cb th$omi 6285 p., npn ^eni 


*) «npH6ajiTiftcKift Kpafi>. I^HTHpyeM-B no «Cn6. Bifl,OT&ocT:aui>», 16 ^eep. 
1902 r. 

**) ItnTHpyeM-B no «P. Btj^OMocTflM-B*, 19 Mapxa 1902 r. 
***) «P. BiA*, 25 Mapxa 1902 r. 
****) *Cap. JtHesHHKT,*, 8 Mapxa 1902 r. 
*****) «HHHcer. JIhctok'b», 10 anp. 1902 r. 
***'^**) II,HTHpyeM'B no «Cap. ^HeBHHKy», 26 Mapxa 1902 r. 


XPOHHEA BHYTPEHHeS 2CH3HH. 1C7 

jijwb 6hjio jnojioaceHO nojiy^eHHoe ynpasoS ors ropofl;cKoro cann- 
Tapnaro spa^a CoKOJiOBa hbcbmo cjifi;i;yH)iD;aro co;^epaKaHiff: 

^HM-feio TiecTB ;^OBecTH fl;o CBi^fl;i^Hiflr ynpasH, ^to BOSBpaTHHfi 
TH^Tb odHapyacHBaert naKJioHHOCTL Bce ki 6ojiLmeMy h CojiLffleMy 
ycHJiemK). Ci n;ijiBK) BHacflenm npHqani aToro ycHjieHHaro pasBH- 
Tia H npoHBBejii i^orojiOBHHfi onpoct Bcixt Sojibhhxx, Jieacampxi 
Bi ropo;i;eKofi 6ojiLHHitt, a TaKace paacnpamHBaJi'B neo^HOKpaTHo 
HO^jreacHHKOBt Bt Ho^jEeacHOMt soMife JVs 3. OKaaajiocL, ^to rpoMaji;- 
Haa Macca ^epHopafio^Hxt, npoacHBaioiuiHX'B bx nacToamee Bpena bi 
CapaTOBt, coBepmeHHo ne HMieTB sapafioma; Apyraa nacTB xoTii h 

HMieTB TaKOBOS, HO OHl HaCTOJTBKO HH^ToaceHi (10 — 15 Kon. Bl 

ji;eHB npH pa6oTi na norpefiax-B, na Bojiri h np. h 10 — 15 k. npn 
pa6oTt Ha MacjieHKaxx), ^to coBepnieHHO ne ;^aeTl bo3m03khocth 
y;i;oBjieTBopHTB MHHHMajiBHHfl ^ejiOBtqecKi«r noTpe6HOCTH. Bi CHJiy 
Bcero .3Toro pa6ome hjih coBepmeHHO rojiofl;aioTX di'Ivjihmh ji;HaMH, 
HJiH ace acHByrB Bnporojio^B h JierKo no3TOMy 3a,6oji^BSJOTh, Hewa- 
jiOBaffiHoe ycJiOBie bi pasBHxiH saSojitBanifl th^om'b, noBH;i;HMOMy, 
HrpaeiTB h Majiapia, KOTopoio 6oji^eTb rpoMa;n;HBifi iipon;eHT'B pa6o- 
Tiaro Jiio^a h Koxopaa hxi OKOH^aTejiBHO HsnypneT'B. Ha ocHOBaniH 

BCtXl dTEXX J^aHHHX'B H C^HTaH) CBOHM'B JIjOJirOM'B npefljJIOJKHTB TO- 

pofl;cKOMy ynpaBJieniio, EaE:B KpaiHe Heo6xofl;HMyio Mtpy, — CesnjiaT- 
Hoe HJIH, no KpaSnefi Mipi, B03MoacHO yji;enieBjieHHoe KOpMJieHie 
pa6o^aro jliojija, pafl;H Tiero Heo6xofl;HMO otkphtb b^ h^ceojibkhx'b 
M^cTaxi 6e3njiaTHHH hjih B03MoacHO nemeBHa ctojiobhat. SaxiMi 
BTopoe, Ha ^TO Heo6xoji;HMo HeMe;i;j[©HHo ace o6paTHTB BHEManie, 
3T0 — OTcyicTBie CBo6o;n,HHX'B m^&ctb bi 6oaBHHi;i^. CefiTiacx b% Aae- 

KCaH/i;pOBCKOfl 3eMCK08 60JIBHHDit 17 60JIBHHX'B TH^OMB, BB ropOflj- 

CKoS — 52, 6oJiie Mtcxi h^tb, a h3b Ho^aeacnaro fl;oMa JV6 3 eace^- 
HeBHO npHXo;i;HTCff OTnpaBaaTB 2 — 3 oo.ibhhx'b th^omi; laKHMi 
o6pa30M'B Heo6xofl;HMo BpeMenno otkphtb 6oaBHHqHoe 0T;n;iaeHie"... 
Ynpasa npeji;noaarajia ynoTpedHTB HcnpamHBaBinyiocii eio accnr- 
HOBKy HCKaio^HTeaBHO Ha ycnaenie niTaTa ropo;i;cKofi 6oaBHHii,H h 
Ha BpeMeHHoe OTKpHTie aMSyaaTopin, 6oaBHHgHaro 0T;i;iaeHiH inaa 
TH$03HHX'B H ffByxi HO^aeacHHxi ^OMOBB, HO H^cKoaBKHMH raac- 
HHMH 6Hao BHeoeno iipe;i;ao3KeHie o6b otephtIh cnepxi Toro h 

CTOaOBHX'B. Bb AJMi HamaOCB niCEOaBEO OpaXOpOBl, rOBOpHBIHHX'B 

npoTHBB 3Toro npeji;aoaceHiii h CTapaBmnxcH ^OEasaTB, ^ito bb Ca- 
paTOBt HiTi HH 6e3pa6oTHi^H, HH TaEHXTb i^i&H'B Ha pafio^iH pyKH, 
Ha cymecTBOBanie KOTopBixB ysasHBaaB flj-pi* CoEoaoBi. Hi^EOTopHe 
opaTopH HoniaH eme ^aaBme h yTBepacji;aaH, ^to eopmhtb roao^iaio- 
Hi.HX'B H He HyacHO, H onacHo. „KopMaeHie — saaBaiia'B raacHHfi JI^h- 
6oBB — o6oH);i;oocTpaa Beni;B. IIpaBHTeaBCTBO toko EopMnao npeHfl;e 
^apoMTb BO BpeMH roao^a, a TenepB coBepineHHO OTEasaaocB oTi 
9Toro H opraHH3yeTB o6^^ecTBeHHBIff pa6oTKi... JtapoBoe EopMaenie 
He npHHeceTB noaBSH hh o6n;ecTBy, hh caMHMi pafio^HMi. BesAOH- 
KHX-B HBHHHH.'B H BCHEHxi oxoTHHEOBi fl;apoBoro EopMaeHlfl BcerRa 


168 pyOCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

Hafi;i;eTCii MHoro h fiebi. neypoiKaa; ecjiH bh CTanexe kopmhtl hxi 
ja;apoMt st HHHimHeM'B ro^y, ohh b% 6y;i;yin;eM'B roji;y 6y;i;yT'E yse 
He npocHTB, a Tpe6oBaTB ;n;apoBoro KopMJieHia". Eme pi^mHTejiLH'fee 
BHpaacajica ji;pyrofi rjiacHHS, rp. yBapoBi). Ho ero cjioBaM'B, Bt Ca- 
paTOBi He HMiiDTTb pa6oTH TOJiBEO HCKaiejiH JierKaro Tpy;i;a. Ho 
„3T0TX KJiaccL jLJOji^ei. cymecTByeTt npn bcakom'b ypoJKa* h OTt 
Hero H CTOJIOBHMH He OTji^hJiSkUhCH. Ohh-to h HanojiHiiiorB HO^jieac- 
HHe ji;oara,, 6ojiLHHiiiy, ncHxiaTpH^ecKyio ji^^e6HHii.y. HaKopMHie HXt 
j^apoMX pa3i, OHH Bt flipyroft paai cxBaTarL BacB sa ropjio, Tpe6yji 
;fl;ajiLHMfflaro ;n;apoBoro KopHJienia**. 9th pi^H BCTpfoHJiH, Bnpo^eMi, 
OTnop-B Bt caMoS fliyM*. „Y Mena y caMoro ecTb BaBOjiit, — roBopnjii 
rji. Me^Bi;j;eB'B, — h a hoctohhho hm^h) cHomeHiH ci pa6d^HMH. 
Macca HXt npHxc^HTt xenepL ^yTL ne eacej^neBHO h npocHTt npn- 
HHTB xoTL 3a KaKyio yro;i;Ho ;a;emeByK) njiaiy. Ho Bce nepenojiHeHO 
H 'HOHeBOJii OTKaBHBaemL, xoth, He acejian nojiLSOBaTBCH Hyac;n;ofi, 
HJiaTH 3a Tpy;i;'B a ne noHHacan). Hsi Tpex-B THca^x docaKOB-B 
e;i;Ba-JiH ^exBepTB HM^eiTb 3apa6oTOK'B". Pp. HeccejiBpoji;e, cocToaniiift 
npe;i;ci^aTejieM'B MicTHaro o6ni,ecTBa noco6iH 6i&;i;HHM'B, btb cbok) 
o^epe^B no;i,TBep;n;Hji'B $aETX cyni;ecTBOBaHia MacconoS 6e3pa6oTHii.bi. 
„EcjiH nexopoHio— roBopHJi'B ohi — flianaxB Hyacji,aK)ni;HMca xjifit 
j^apoMi, TaKi ;j;afiTe hmi paSoxy; ho ne fl;aBaTB hh xji6a, hh pa- 
60TH Bo BcaKOM'B cjiy^ai ejn,e xyse, npaMO 6e3HpaBCTBeHHO, oco- 
6eHH0, Korji;a bi pe3yjiBTaTt noJiy^aeTca th^i". Bi kohh;* kohii;obi 
ffyaia HocTaHOBHjia npHHaxB HcnpaniHSaeMyio ynpaBofi accHrnoBKy 
6,285 py6. Ha 6opB6y cb th$om'b na cqexi 3anacHoro Kannxajia h 
CBepxi Toro accHrnoBaTB h3'b Toro ace EanHTaJia eni;e 2,000 py6. na 
ycTpoflcTBo ^emeBLixi ctojiobhx'b, npe^ocxaBHB'B o^ijHaKO 3aBi^jiyK)- 
mHMi HMH npaBo cobc^mx ocBo6oacfl;aTB ot'b njiaxH oco6eHHO nyac- 
;i;aK)n;HXca noci^THTejieft. Hto Kacaexca coMHinifl H'feKOxopHX'B rjac- 
HBix'B Ha c^ext coo6^^eHHHX'B ;n,-poM'B Cokojiobhm'b niH^px sapaSox- 
Hofi njiaxH, xo axH coMHinia CKopo 6hjih pasci^aHH. ropo;i;cKOK) ca- 
HHxapHOK) KOMMHcciefl 6hji'b npoH3Beji;eH'B npn yqacxin nojiHi];iH 
ocMOxp'B 15-xH MacjienoKi. Hpn bxom'b ocMoxp^ OEa3ajiocB, ^xo 6ojib- 
niHHCXBO pa6o^HX'B Ha hhxx pa6oxaex'B 3a aKajiOBaHBe no 3 py6. bi 
Mi^cani'B, X. e., no 10 eoh. b-b ;i;eHB, HcnojiHaioni;ie ace 66jl^q oxb^^x- 
cxBeHHLia 06a3aHH0cxH Bosnarpaac^taioxca niie^p'fee — no 13 son. bx 
AeHB *). 

H'fexi coMHi^Hia, capaxoBCEaa fl;yMa Morjia 6h c^i^JiaxB ^Jia 6e3- 
padoxHSTXTb HtcEOJiBEO 6oJiBffle xoro, ^xo ona c;i;iJiajia. HecoMH^HHO 
H xo, ^xo Boo6niie ropo^CEHMX ynpaBJieniaMi, no Epafinefi Mipi, 
xtai Mi^cxHOCxefl, EoxopHa yace no3HaEOMHjiHCB ex 6e3pa6oxHn;eH, 
cjii;i;oBajio 6h o6paxHXB cepBesHoe BHHManie Ha 8xo aBJienie. 3a 
HcxeEHiyio 3HMy xaEoro BHHMama 6hjio npoasjeno cjthdieom'b Majio 
H ;n;aace xan-t, Tji^i oho 6hjio Ha-jinnio, Bce ^iiijio noMoni;H orpann- 


*) «Cap. /l^HeBHiiKi>», 14 H 15 MapTa; «Cn6. Bi;i,OMocTH», 30 Mapxa 1902 r. 


XPOHHKA BHyTPEHHEfi HHSfiH. 169 

qnjiocB jiHmB HH^ToacHLTMH najijiiaTHBaMH. nojiOKHMt, HacTynjieme 

BeCHH BO MHOrHXt M'feCTHOCTffX'B 3Ha^HTe.TIBH0 CM^r^HT'B OCTpOTy 

6e3pa6oTHn;ti, ho, He roBopa yace o tomx, ^to ji^lsi o^ent MHornxt 
KaTeropiS pafio^Hxi Becenme h jfiTHie MicaniH Bt CMticjii ycjioBifi 
•Tpy;i;a HH^iMX He OTJiH^aiOTCff OTt bhmhhxte., nfet h rapaHTiS, ^to 
CL Ha^ajiOMi 3HMH pa6oTiaff Macca He CTOJiKHeTCiff bhobb ct 6i;i;- 
cTBiflMH 6e3pa6oTHn;H. Ecjih npe^iynpeacAaTB aiH 6^]i,CTBisi ne jierKO, 
TO sajii^HBaTB hxi pe3yjiBTaTBi eme Tpy;i;Hie. CaMO co6ok) pasy- 
MieTCff, ropoji;a ne MoryTi npHHaiB na ce6ff bcio saj^a^iy aKTHBHoS 
6opb6h c:b M^ccoBofi 6e3pa6oTHn;efi, TaKaa 3a;a;a^a b'b hojihomi en 
od^eMi AaJieKO npeBBimaeTX ckpomhhh chjih opranoB-B namero 
ropofl;cKOro caMbynpaBjieHia, ho nocjiiji;Hie bo bchkomi cjiy^ai^ 
MoryTX c;i;iJiaTB MHoroe na nyTH pa3CJii&;i;oBaHiii HacToani;aro no- 
jioaKeHifl pado'iaro KJiacca h yKasaniH Ttxi yjiy^memfi, b'b Ka- 
KHx^ oho Hyac^aeiCH. Koe-KaKia yjiy^menia, Kone^HO, mofjih 6bi 
6bitb ji;ocTHrHyTBi h cpe;i;cTBaMH caMnxt ropo;i;oB'B, ho homhmo Toro 
ycHJiia ropoincKoro caMoynpaBjieHiii homofjih 6h BHacHHTB h ace- 
jiaTejiBHBifl xapaKTepi Ttei rocy^apcTBenHHX'B MiponpiaTiS, ko- 
TopHff cjiiji;oBajio 6bi nanpaBHTB na noMomB 6e3pa6oTHofl Macci^. 
JI,o CHXi* nopx B'B STOM-B HanpaBjiefliH HH^iero ne 6hjio c;n,iJiaHo. 
HeJiB3a ace, b'b caMOMi jij^jii, c^HTaTB CK0JiBK0-HH6y;i;B cepBesHOio 

M^pOK) BBICHJIKy H3X HpOMHfflJieHHBIXl n;eHTpOB'B 6e3pa60THHXl 

Ha poji;HHy, OTKy;n;a ohh h ymjiH noTOMy, ^to ne nanijiH ce6i xpy^a 
na M^CTi. B'B cboh) o^epeji;B npe;i;ocTaBjieHie KaseHHHxi saKasoB'B 
$a6pHKaHTaM'B, o6imj&si hocji^^hhm'b 6ojiBfflifl BHro^H, e^Ba-JiH 
o;i;HaKO ffBjiaeTca bhojih^ npaBHjiBHHM'B cpe;i;cTBOM'B ^Jiii yMeHB- 
Hienia 6e3pa6oTHn;Br. Bi ;n,aHHOM'B cjiy^ai Heo6xosHMH M^pH, Be;i;y- 
jBJiSi Ki n;'fejiH 6oJiie Henocpefl;cTBeHHBiMi nyTeMt, h TaKaa Heo6xo- 
fl;HMOCTB npe^ciaBjiaeTca t^m-b 6ojvke nacToaTejiBHOK), ^to caMBifl 
KpHBHCB, nepeacHBaeMHfl nanieio npoMHmjieHHocTBH), Tpy^no c^h- 
TaTB cjiyqafiHBiM'B H cKoponpexo^antHMi. BMicift cb t^wl hojibbh ho 
3aM'feTHTB, ^To 3a BonpocoMX HOJioaceniH pafioTTHxi, ne Haxofl;^- 
js^vLTh ce6i sanaTifl B'B ;i;aHHHfl MOMeHTi*, ctohtx eni;e ^pyrofl, fiojiie 
o6ni;ifl h TpeBoaKHBifl BonpocB. CoBnafljenie xaEHX'B aBJienift, EaKi 
rojioflix BX ;i;epeBHfi h 6e3pa6oTHDia b'b ropo;i;i, KaKi nejiBsa 6ojiie 
acHO yKa3HBaeTi na cymecTBOBanie rjiyfioKaro pascipoficTBa b^ 
9KOHOMH^ecKofi acH3HH CTpaHH, Tpe6yK)ni;aro dnciparo h pa;i;HKajiB- 
Haro ji^^eHiH. 

« 

III. 

CMepTBK) r. H. YcneHCKaro ne orpaHZHHJiHCB nOTepn, noHecen- 
HHH pyccKOH) JiHTepaTypoK) B'B xe^enie nocjii^naro Micfln;a. Cx ffiH3- 
HeHHoft apeHH 3a stotx MicHn,'B comjio eni;e HicKOJiBKO HHcaxejieft, 
ocTaBHBiHHX'B HO cefit 6oji4e HJiH MeH-fee rjiy6oKifl cjv^ji,%, 

31 Mapia B'B r. Bajiji;ai& yMep'B B. n. OcTporopcKift, hojibso- 


170 PyCOKOK BOrATOTBO. 

I 

BaBiniSca 6oJii>ineK) HSBifecTHOCTLio bi neTep6yprcK0Mt nefl;arorH^e- 
cKOMi Mipife. Cbojo nefljarorfliiecKyK) ^taxejiLHOCTL ohi Ha^ajiTB Bt 
1860 r., Kor;i;a, 6yfl;y^H eme CTyfl;eHTOMi, ygacTBOsajn bx ycxpofi- 
cTBi nepBOH BocKpecHofl mKOJiH Bt IleTepSyprfe. Ilocjii Toro owh 
j[,o KOHii;a JGH3HH noGBfliii;aji'B cboh chjih rjiaBHHMt o6pa80M'b npe- 
noji;aBaHiK) pyccKo8 cjiobgchocth b-l pasjiH^HHX'B cpe^HExt y^e6- 
HMXt saBeAeHiaxx neiepfiypra. Fopaqifl noKJioHHEKt Hfl;efl jryqmnx'L 
ne^aroroBt 60-xt ro^OBi, B. n. OcTporopcKifi bi cbohxx cho- 
meHiaxi ct y^ameioca MOJio;i;eacLK) Bcerfl;a nposBJiaji'B ^yTKyio otshb- 
^HBOCTB Kt ea yMCTBesHBiMi HflTepecaMt h HCKpeHHioH) cepj^e^i- 
HOCTL H ara Ka^ecTBa npciHO npHKOBHBaJiH ki HeMy cHMnariH ero 
?.THoro^HCjieHHHXi y^eHHKOB'B H y^eHHr^x. Bi» JiHTepaxypt ohi 6ujli> 
iiBBicTeHt no npeHMymecTBy KaKt aBiopt nicKOJiBKHXi ne;i;arorH- 
qecKHx^B GO^HHeHiS. IIocji^AHia AecaiB ji^tl owl saHHMaji'B m^cto 
pe^aKTopa acypnajia „Mipx Boacifl" a He Majio noTpyji;Hjica bi aTOMX 
acypaajii^. 

6 anpijia Bt IleTepfiyprt yuiept H. K. DlHjiLfl.ep'L, b% Te^eHie 
MHorHxi Ji^Tt saHHMaBiniica cnen;iajiLHHM'L HBy^eaieMt pyccKoS 
HCTopia XVin — XIX BB. H fliaBmifl Bt 9Tofl ofijiacTH pafl;^ n^E- 
HEixi H3LicKaHiH. He;i;aBHo BHnyiii;eHHHa hhi> EHara: ^Hmh. AJie- 
KcaHfliP'B I" H „Hmii. naBejit I" c;^tJIaJIH ero HMa nonyjiapHtiMX a 
Bt fflapoKHXt Kpyrax'B ^axaiomefi nyfijiHKH. Bi nocjii^Hee Bpejia 
OHTb saHHMajica acTopiefi i^apcTBOBaaia hmh. HaKOJiaa I, ho BHe- 
sanaaa CMepTL npepBajia aTOTX Tpyfl.'B. 

CMepTL ynecjia a eme o;i;Horo H3t Hamnxi acTopaKOB'L. 
31 MapTa Bt Kieat CKonqajica A. M. JXaaapeBCKift. BoJitmaa ny- 
6jiBKa Majio 3Hajia ero, ho cpefl;a cnei;iajiHCTOBT>-HCTopHKOB'L oat 
nojiLsoaajica fiojibmoio a anojiai^ sacjiyaceHHOH) asBicTHOCTLio. Oat 
lie 6ujvb n;exoBHM'E yTieaHMi a at Te^eaie 6oJiLniefl ^acTa Hasaa 
jif^jLEjiTy CBoe BpeMa Meac;n;y rocyfl;apcTBeHHofl cjiyac6ofi h aay^- 
HHMa saaaxiaMa. Ha^iaax cbok) cjiyac6y at KpecTLaacaaxt yqpeac- 
Aeaiaxt HepaaroBCKofl ry6epBia at MOMearb ocyni;ecTBJieHia Kpe- 
cTtaacKofl pe^opMH at 1861 ro;i;y, oat saiiMi nepeaieji'B at cy- 
;i,e6aHa y^peacja;eBia a yMept, saaaMaa M-fecTO ^Jieaa KiescKoft 
cyfl;e6H0fi najiaiH. Ho ace cBo6ofl;Hoe oxt cjiyaceSafcixt o6a3aa- 
HOCTefl Bpesia oat OT;i;aBaji'B asy^eaiio acxopia caoefi pojijaHH — 
Majiopoccia. Cxpacxao yajceKaacB axaMt asy^eaioMi, oat ywijit 
BecxB ero ct ynopaofi aaeprieft, 6e3T> ycxajia nepepHaaa o6ni;ecxBea- 
HHO a ^acxHHe apxasH, aenpecxaaao pacmapaa 3anac'L cBoaxt 
^aKxa^ecKHxt saaaifl a nojie caoaxt aa6jiK);i;eHiH. Upiodptxeaaoe 
xaKaMt nyxoMt saaKOMCXBO ct rpoMa^aHMt apxasHUMt Maxe- 
piajiOMt no3BOJiHJio eMy, at CBa3B ct o6ni;aMB ero B3rjiaji;aMa, no- 
cxaaaxB Bce ]i;ljiO a3CJii;i;oBaHia MajiopyccKofl acxopia 3a XVII— 
XVIII cxoiitoia aa aoBufi nyxB a nepeaecxa n.eaxpt xaaecxa 
3xoro B3CJi'fefl;oBaHia ct BHimaax'B nojiaxa^ecKaxt cofiHxifi, cocxaa- 
jiaaniaxx, rjiaanHfl npe^Mext xpy^oat H. H. KocxoMapoaa, na 


\ 


XPOHHKA BHYTPEHHEH SCHSHH. 171 

BHyTpeHHiOK) acH3HL MajiopYCCKaro Hapo;i;a. IlepBBiS 6ojiBfflofl ero 
Tpy^'B: „MajiopoccificKie nocnojiHTHe KpecTLane" BHnieji'L Bt cBiT'E 
B-L 1866 r. H cpasy odpaTHjix na ce6a o6in;ee BHHManie bx jihto- 
paxypi. Fsij[,'h nocjiil;a;oBaBinHX'B saTiM's cneixiajiLHHXx H3CJii;a;oBaHifi 
H H3fl;aHifl A. M. JIasapeBCKaro OKOH^axejiLHO yKp-fenHJit 3a hhm'b 
penyiai^iK) jiyqinaro snaTOKa HCTopin ji^Bo6epejKHofi MajiopocciH 
XVII — XVin BB., H Bt qacTHOCTH esi con;iajiLHHXt oTHomemfi, h 
9Ta penyTaD;iii HeH3MiHH0 ocTaBajiacb aa hhmi ^o KOHii;a ero schshh. 
He nepecTaBaa caMt ynopno pa6oTaTi>, ont bm^ct* ce t^m'b hh- 
Korfl;a He OTKasuBajri bx cbohxx coBiTaxt h yKasaniaxT* j^pyrHMt 
HscjiiflOBaTejaMt, ocofieHHO Ha^HHaromHMi, h oxotho npefl;ocTaBJiH4'B 
HMi nojiL30BaTLCH cBOHMt doraTHMi H n;i^HHHMi co6paHieMX pfi^- 
KHXi KHHr'B H pyKOHHcefi. Hosa^ojiro ;n;o cMepTH ont saBimajit 3to 
co6paHie KieBCKOj^y ysHBepcHTeTy. Bt nocjii^sHie vojs^ A. M. Jla- 
3apeBCKii sa^^yMajit rpaH;i;io3Hoe H3ji;aHie no^^ nasBaHieMt „OnH- 
came CTapo8 MajiopocciH", KOTopoe ;i;oji3kho 6hjio o6iefl,HHHTL bi> 
ce6i pesyjiLTaTH Bcfoi ero padoTi h 6hjio pasc^HTaHo na ^ecaTt 
TOMOBX, no ^Hcjiy nojiKOBTb, na KaKie ji;iJiHJiacB reTMaHCKaa Majio- 
poccia. Hefl;aBHO BHinejii Tpexifi tomi. OToro „OnHcaHia", ho 
BCJiiji,T> 3a HHMt npHmjia h b^ctb o CMepTH ero aBTopa. Ohi> ynept 
68 ji^T'B OTt po;i;y, ho mh*, BHjiiiBmeMy ero Bt nocJiiji;Hi8 pasi. 
rofl;a ^leTHpe TOMy Ha3a^'B, cTpanno h fl;HKO 6hjio ^HiaTB bi rase- 
Taxt TOJierpaMMy 061 ero CMepTH: TaKHMt 6o^pHMt h KpinKHMt 
pHcyeTca OHt b^b mohxi BOcnoMHHaniaX'B, TaKi MHoro HencnojiBso- 
BaHnHXi 3HaHifl h chji-b ynecB owh cb C06010 bx Morajiy... Bo Bca- 
KOM'B cjiyqai ne ofl,HOMy noKOJi^Hiio hctophkob'b npefl;cTOHT'B eme 
nojiB30BaTBca pesyjiBTaxaMH ero xpyfljOBi h hms ero ocTaneTca na- 
^ojiro BHHcaHHBiM'B BTb pyccKofl HCTopiorpa$iH. 


ir. 

30 Mapxa coctosjiocb cjii^yiomee pacnopaacenie MHHHCTpa Bny- 
TpeHHHX'B j[,^jn>: „Ha ocHOBamn ct. 154 ycT. D[eH3. h ne^., cb. 
3aK., T. XIV, H3;i;. 1890 ro;i;a, MHHHCxpx BHyTpeHHHXX ff^Jix onpe- 
jifkjLRjvh: npiocTaHOBHTB Hs^anie raseTBi „npH;i;HtnpoBCKifi Kpafi" na 
BOCOMB Mtcan;eB'B". 

KaKTb coo6iu;aeTi „Ka36eKi>", KyTaHCCKHMi BoeHHHifB rydepna- 
TopoMX B'B HCTeKmeM'B MapTi H3;i;aH0, na ocHOBaHin ct. 421 o6in;aro 
ry6epHCEaro ynpeac^enia, o6a3aTejiBHoe nocTanoBJieHie 3anpe- 
meniH cxo;i;6Hnii'B h co6paHifi napo^a na yjiHn.ax'B, njiomia^HX'B h 
np. fliJia acHTejiei ropo^oB-B: KyxaHca, BaxyMa, IIoth, CyxyMa, 
03ypreTH, 3yr;i;H^H h HoBO-CenaKH h Micxe^eK'B: "^iaxypH h Ohh *). 


*) I],HTflpyeM'i> no «P. Bi^;i,OMOCTflMi)», 25 MapTa 1902 r. 


172 PyCCEOJB BOrATCTBU. 

3a M^can.'B, HCTeKmift co speMeHH nocjii;i;HeH Hamefi xpoHHKH, 
cocTOHjica pajj,!. BaacHuxt npaBHTejiBCTBeeHMXt coo6meHifi, KOTopHa 

MH BOCnpOH3BOfl;HM'L B'L XpOHOJIOrH^eCKOMX flopfl;i;Ki. 

Bt „KaBKa3ii" Hane^axaHO cjit;i;yK)iD,ee o$$HDiiajitHoe coo6- 
menie: 

„IIo nojiyHeHHHMt eq% BaTjMa HSBicTiaM'B, 4-ro Mapia cera 
ro;i;a paSo^ie 3aB0fl;a PoTinHJitji;a npeKpaTHJiH paSoTy, BCJiifl;cTBie 
OTKaaa bi y^iOBjieTBopeHiH npeji.'BaBJieHHHX'E hmh Tpe6oBaHi&, He 
KMiromaxt 3a co6oio HHKaKHXt saKOHHtixt ocHOBaaifl, no^eaiy sa- 
BOA-L 9T0Tt H 6HJit saKpHTi. SaT'tMt, 8-ro MapTa, TOJina pa6o^HX'B 
3Toro saBoj^a, npnCjiHSHTejiBHO 300 nejioB^Kx, co6pajiacL y 6aTyM- 
CKaro nojiHn;eHCKaro ynpaBJienia h npej^taBHJia Tpe6oBaHie ocbo6o- 
j^HTB 3a;n;epacaHHHX'i> HaKanyHi saqHHmHKOBt npeKpamenia pa6oTH 
Ha 3aBOA'6 ct 4-ro Mapxa. Ha npeji;jioaceHie MicTHofi a;i;MHHHCTpai^iH 
pasoflTHCL pa6ome. OTBiTHJiH OTKasoM'L, BCJi^^ijCTBie qero h 6hjih 
npenpoBoac;i;eHH Bt noM^menie nepecHjiBHoft ^acTH. Ha fl;pyroS 
ji;eHi>, 9-ro Mapxa, co6paBniaflCfl yjiH^Haii TOina c^i-fejiajia nomjTKy 
ocbo6o;i;htb 3aAepacaHHHXi Bt nepecHJiBHOMt noMtmemn pa6o^HX'L 
H, He cjiymaa yBtni;aHift, 6pocHJiacb Ha poxy coJi;i;ax'B MicxHaro 
rapHH30Ha, Haxofl;HBfflyK)ca y axoro noMini;eHia ;i;jia npe^ynpeay^eHk 
MorymiHX'B B03HHKHyxB 6e3nopaAKOB'b. Ha poxy nocHnajica co cxo- 
poHH xojin&i ii;MHft rpaa,i KaMHefi h 6hjih npoHSBe^iieHKiBHcxp'fejH. 
EHHyac^eHHaa Heo6xofl;HMOcxLio, poxa oxBixHJia Bwcxp-fejiaMH bi 
xojiiry. HBt HHacKHxt qHHORt poxH paneH-B o;i,hh'b, hsx TOJinti 
y6Hxo xpHHawaxb ^ejiOB^Ki" *). 

19-ro Mapxa Bt siocKOBCKHXt rasexaxx 6hjio Hane^axano cjii- 
fl;yK)n],ee coo6in;eHie: ,,18-ro Mapxa, bo BxopoMt ^acy fl;Ha, bo Bpejua 
npieMa mockobckhm'b o6ep'E-nojiHi];efiMe8cxepoMi reHepajn-MafiopoMi 
JS,. 0. TpenoBHM'B npocHxeJiefl, co6paBuiHXca bx. HHacHeMX 3xaaci& 
jtOMa, saHHMaeMaro hmi, npacyxcxBOBaBmaa B'L ^j&cs^ nocixHxejieS 
aceHiu,HHa, nanpaBHBi bi npHHHMaBmaro nponrenia renepajia Tpe- 
noBa peBOJiLBepi, jifia, pasa noKymajiacB npoHSBecxH BHcxpiJi's, ho, 
uo cqacxiH), o6a pasa peBOJiBBepx CA^jrajix oci^Ky. 06ep'B-^0JIH^efl- 
Meficxepx., coxpanaa npncyxcxBie fliyxa, ycnijit cxBaxHXB npecxyn- 
HHii;y 3a pyKy, nocjit ^ero ona 6HJia 3a;i;epacaHa Haxo^HBHiHMHca 
npH npieM* okojio o6epx.-nojiHi^eflMeflcxepa ^HHOBHHKaMH. Epecxyn- 
HHn;a 0Ka3ajiacB ;i;oManiHefi yHHxejiBHHij;eft fl;iBHi^eio AjiJiapxx**. 

27 Mapxa bx ^HpaBHxejiBcxBeHHOM'E Bi&cxHHKi^" 6ujlo nane^a- 
xano: ^BojiLmaa qacxB jihii;^, bhhobhlix'b bi> no;i;roxoBJieHiH 6e3no- 
pajiiKOBt 9 H 17 $eBpajia cero roj;a b% Mockb'6 h Bt yq:acxiH Bt 
OHMx-B, no^eprnyxa, no BHCO^aflmeMy noBeji^niio, xropeMHOMy 3a- 
KJiro^eHiK), ;fl;jia oxfiHxia Koero 6HJia npefl;Ha3Ha^eHa apxanrejiBCKaa 
BpeMennaa xiopBMa. Jto oxnpaBjeHia b'b ApxanrejiBCK'B 3aji;epacaH- 
HHe oofl;epHaxca bi mockobckoS nepecHjiBHofi xropBMi^ h noBefl;eflie 


*) ll,aTnpyeM'b no «Cn6. Bij^oMocTuwh*, 17 MapTA 1902 r. 


XPOHHKA bhytpehheS atHSHH. 173 

Hxi, BHpaacaiomeecfl bi 6yScTB'fe, HenoBHHOBeniH TiopeMHHM'B npa- 
BHjraMt H HapyineHiH ^Hcn.HnjiHHBi, npHBOji;HTX Kt saKJUo^eHiio, ^to 
CKonjieHie TaKoro KOJinqecTBa jrHi^i, na npo^ojiJKHTejiBHoe cpaBHH- 
TeJiLHO BpeMJi B'B o;i;HOfi TiopBMife MoaceTX HMtTL KpaSne Heace.ia- 
TejiBHwa nocJi'feji.cTiH, KOTopLiff, Bt CBOK) oqepe;i,L, MoryTi npHBecTH 
Kt Heo6xo^HMOCTH npHHflxiji qpesBH^aflfitixi Mipx. Bcjii&;;cTBie 
cero H Bt BBr;i;axi orpaac3;eHia: KaKt oTj^tjiBEHXt saKJnoqeHHHXt 
OTt BOBMoasHaro ^ypHoro BJiiaHiii na HHxt TGBapnia;efi, laKt h 
BOo6ii],e TiopeMHaro nopflfl;Ka, rocy;i;apH) HMnepaTopy 6jiaroyro;i;HO 
6hjio BHCO^afinie noBejiiTL, ^to6u nepBona^ajibHoe npe;i;noJioaceHie 
cocpe;iiOToqeHiH npHroBopeHHHXt Kt TiopeMHOMy saKJiioqeHiH) 
BHffleynoitfaHyTHX'E jEHnit b-b apxanrejiLCKofl TiopLMi 6hjio 3aM^- 
Heso pacnpe^^jieHieM'B nxt, fl;jifl 0T6HTia naKasaHia, He6ojiLinHMH 
rpynnawH no MicTaMX saKjno^eHia pasHLixi ropo^OFB HMnepin". 
Bx TOH ace raaeTi 3 anpijia noHBHaocB cjEi;i;yK)iii;ee coo6in;eHie: 
,,2-ro anp-feaa, oKoao 1 ^laca ji;Hii, nps Bxoji,i MHHHCTpa BHyxpeH- 
HHX'B juijix B'B noiii^meHie KOMHieTa mhhhctpob'l, b-b MapiHECKOMt 
Jl^Bopni'fe, npiifexaBmift sa H-fecKOJiBKo MHHyTt ^o 9Toro Bt KapeTfe 

H OaCHfl,aBiniH MHHHCTpa B'B inBefll];apCKOfi HeHSB'fiCTHHH qeJIOBi&K'B 

B% BoeHHofl o$Hn;epcKOH $opMi, no;aiaBaa sane^aTaHHHfl KOHsep'FB, 
npoHSBeji'B Bi MHHHCTpa qeTupe BticTpifejia, npn ^ewh jifij^si ny- 
jiHMH Tfl.acKO paHHJix erepMeficTepa CnniirHHa. PanenoMy, no nepe- 
HeceniH ero B'B MaKOHMHjiiaHOBCKyK) aiqe6HHi];y, 6Haa neMe^aenHO 
nojUana Me;i;Hn;HHCKaff noMon],B fl;oicTopaMH BejiBHMHHOBLiM'B h Tpoa- 
HOBHMX, HO, ne cMOTpa na 3to, erepMeflcTepx Cnn^rHH'B repeat ^act 
cKOH^ajica. Cjiiji;cTBie npoH3Bo;i;HTca h yciaHOBjieHO, ^to sa^^epacan- 
HHH npecTynHHK'B, He 6yji;yHH BoeHHHM'B, na^^ifejix a^xiOTaHTCi^yH) 
$opMy fl;jia oSjier^enia ce6i ;i;ocTyna is/h MHHHCTpy". 

Bcji^;!;^ BaT^Mi 4 anpijia cocToajica HaieHHoS BucoqaflmiS 

yKasx npaBHTejiBCTByioni;eMy cenaTy cji'fejiiyiomaro co^epa^ania: „Ha- 

nieny CTaTCB-ceKpeTapio, rocyj^apcTBeHHOMy ceKpeTapio, MHHHCTpy 

^cTaTCB-ceKpeTapK) BejiHKaro KnaacecTBa ^HHJiaH/i;cKaro, cenaiopy, 

;i;tflCTBHTeJIBHOMy TafiHOMy COBilHEKy ^OHl-IIjieBe, — BCeMEJIOCTH- 

BMme noBeji'feBaeM'B 6htb mhhhctpom'b BHyTpeHHHxt ji^iji^, cb ocTan- 
jienieMX ero B'B SBaniaxx CTaTCB-ceKpeTapa h cenaTopa". 

11 anpijia b% raaeTax-B 6lijio ony6jiHKOBaHO cji-fe^yiomee npa- 
BHTejiBCTBeHHoe coo6n],eHie: „mhhhctp'b BHyTpeHHHX'B ^ia'B, Ha ocho- 
BaniH n. 1-ro ct. 17 BHCO^aflnie yTBepac;i;eHHaro nojiOKenia o M-fepaxTb 
K'B oxpaHeniK) rocy^apcTseHHaro nopa^Ka h o6ni;ecTBeHHaro cno- 
KOflcTBia, npHBHaji'B Heo6xo;3;HMBiM'B ft-fejio 061 y6iHCTB']& 2-ro cero 
anptjia 6i>iBraaro MHHHCTpa BHyTpeHHHxt ji^ijii* erepMeficxepa Cnna- 
THHa, nepe;i.aTB na paacMOTpi^Hie Boennaro cyji,a, cb QpHM^HemeM'B 
saKOHOB'B BoeHHaro BpeMenn". 

11-ro ace anp^j^jia cocToajiHCB cji4;i;yK)ni,ie HMeHHHe BHCo^afimie 
yKasH, ji;aHHHe JXpaBHTOjiBCTByiomeMy CenaTy: „Haniero renepajoL'B- 
a;a;'BK)TaHTa, qjiena rocy^^apcTBennaro CoB-feTa, MHHHCTpa Hapoji;Haro 


174 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

npocB^mema, renepajia-OTB-HH^aflTepiH BanHOBCKaro — BceaiHJiocTH- 
Bifiine jBOJiiEssewh, corjracHO npomeHiro, no pascTpoenHOMy s^o- 
poBLK), OTi fl;oJiacHOCTH MHHHCTpa HapofljHaTo npocB^meHiflr, ex ocTa- 
BjienieMt bi sBaniH reHepaji'B-a;i;i>K)TaHTa h ^jrenoMt rocjr;i;apcTBeH- 
Haro CoBixa." 

^ToBapHma MHHHCTpa HapofliHaro npocB6ni;eHia, cenaTopa, lafi- 
Haro coB'feTHHKa MtmaHHHOBa — BceMHJiocTHBiflnie yBOJELnneMi, co- 
rjiacHO npomeniK) ero, oti ^ojibchocth TOBapHni;a MHHHCxpa, ct 
ocTaBjieHieM'E st SBanin cenaTopa." 

„ToBapHni;y MHHHCTpa napo^naro npocBin^eniH, ji;tftcTBHTejiLHOMy 
CTaTCKOMy coBiTHHKy Benrepy — BceMHJiocTHBi^ime noBejitBaeMi 
<5htb ynpaBJiHiomHM'B MHHHCTepcTBOMt Hapo;i;Haro npocB^niieHiH." 


IIpHKas'L MHHHCTpa Hapo^Haro npocBini;eHiH. 12-ro anpijiii 
1902 rofl;a JV6 1. Ho HMennoMy BHcoqaSmeMy YKaay, ?i;aHHOMy 
24-ro MapTa 1901 ro;iia, nocji'fe^oBaJio HasHa^enie mghh Ha ;n;ojiacHOCTB 
MHHHCTpa napofliHaro npocBin^eHiH. 

BcTynHBX B-L ynpaBjienie MHHHCTepcTBOMt, h, Bt npHKast ort 
2-ro anptjifl 1901 rofl;a aa JV2 2 BHCKaaaji'B yB^peHHOCTL, ^to 6jih- 
acaflfflie moh coTpy;i;HHKH n Bci cjiyacamie bo BBtpenHOMi mh*' mhhh- 
CTepcTB-fe OKaacyTi mh^^ nojiHoe co;i;t8cTBie Bt HcnoJiHeHiH bosjio- 
a^eHHaro na Mena Bbico^afimeH) BOJieio nopy^enia h npnrjianiaji'B 
HX'B Kt coBMi^cTHo8, Tpy;i;Hofi H HeycTaHHofl pa6oTi no nyTH ocy- 
H^ecTBjieHiH ^aHHofl mh^ rocyfl;apeMX HMnepaTopoMt nporpaMMLi, 
H3J0ffieHH0H Bt MHJiocTHBOMt pecKpHHT^ Ero HMHepaTopcKaro Be- 
jiH^iecTBa OT-B 25-ro MapTa Toro ace ro3;a. 

B.uE^ HMeHHHMt BBico^afiniHM'B yKaaoMt, BOcnocji^;n;oBaBniHM'i» 
Bi> 11-fl jneHB cero anpi^JiH, a yBOJiLHaiocL OTt ;a;ojiacHOCTH MHHH- 
CTpa HapofljHaro npocBtmenia. 

OcTaBjiaa cboS hoct-b h npomaacB ct coc-iyacHBniaMH, b'b cBa- 
^^eHHyK) oSaaanHOCTB ce6i BM-fenaio 3acBH;i;iTejiBCTB0BaTL, ^to bcJ 

OHH, no M'ipi^ B03M03KHOCTH, CTapajIHCB HCHOJIHHTL HOSCeJiaHia MOB, 

BfcipaaKeHHBia Bt ynoManyTOMt npHKaai^ aa JVs 2. He n],aA« chjii., 
OHH HeycTaHHO pa6oTajiH nofl;^ 6jmm.B&mE^'h mohmtb pyKOBOji;cTBOMi>, 
B% TO^HOCTH HCHOJEHaa ^aHHHa HM-B MHOK) yKasaHia*, no nepBOMj 
MoeMy npH3LiBy ohh oxotho 6pajiHCL 3a nenocnjiBHyio HHorji;a pa- 
6oTy, na hhx'l mhoh) sosjiaraeMyK) homhmo HcnojipeHia npaMHxx no 
;i;ojiacHOCTH KaH;^a^o h3X nnxt cjiyacefiHHX'L o6a3aHHocTe8, a TaKofi 
pa6oTH 6hjio mhofo, h ho^th bch ona Swjia HeoTjiosHO cnimHaa. 
Oco6eHHO ace 6jiaro^apH) a TOBapnma Moero cenaTopa Mtn^aHH- 
HOBa, 3HaqHTejiBH0 o6jierqHBniaro MHife ;n;eTajiBHyK) pa6oTy no ynpa- 

BJieHilO MHHHCTepCTBOMX. 

Bijpaacaio rjiySoKyio 6jraro;i;apHOCTB npe;i;cft;i;aTejiio y^ienaro ko- 
MHTeTa, TaBnoMy coBtTHHKy CoHHHy 3a ero aneprH^Hyio fttaTeJit- 
fiocTL no ;a,^jaMt KOMHTeTa. 


i 


XPOHHKA BHYTPEHHEfi aCH3HH. 175 

BjD[aro;i;apK) fiHBinaro none^HTejiii BapmaBCKaro y^efinaro oKpyra, 

;ntScTBHTejiLHaro ciaTCKaro costTHHKa Senrepa h none^HTejiefi oKpy- 

raBt: c.-neTep6yprcKaro TaSHaro coBi^THHKa Anpena^ pnaccKaro Tafi- 

Haro coBiTHHKa inBapii;a, 3anaji;HO-CH6HpcKaro TaSsaro coBiTHHKa 

J^aBpeHTLeBa, MOCKOscKaro ji;iicTBHTejiBHaro CTaTCKaro coBtTHHKa 

HeKpacoBa, KaaaHCKaro Taftnaro coBiTHHKa CniniKOBa, o;i;eccKaro 

Tafinaro coBiTHHEa CojiBCKaro, opeH6yprcKaro TafiHaro coBiTHHKa 

PocTOBUieBa, sHJieHCKaro TaSnaro coB^THHKa IIonoBa, xapLKOBCKaro 

Tafinaro coBiTHHKa AjieKcieHKO h KaBKascKaro flitflcTBHTejiLHaro 

CTaTCKaro coBtTHHKa 3aBa;i,cKaro, a Taicace peKTopoBi ynHBepcHTe- 

TOBX H Ha^ajiBHEKOBi BHcniHXi y^efiflHX'L aaBe^enifl aa nxt ycH- 

jieHHHe Tpyji;H h noneceHEHa 3a6oTH wh TOMy, ^to6h fl;aTL bosmohc- 

HOCTB acejiaBrnHMT) cTy;i;eHTaM'B npofl;oji3KaTB nxt BanaTia. Bt cemi 

nocjEifllHeMt OTHOineHiH a ct ocoeHMt ^yBCTBOMi rjiy6oKofi 6jiaro- 

fl;apH0CTH OTHOinycL k-b MHoroTpyji;Hofl ini^aTejiBHOCTH na^ajiLCTBa h 

npo^eccopoBt BHcmaxt yTieOHuxt 3aBe;i;eHifi ropofl;a C.-IIeTep6ypra. 

Tafinaro coBi^THHKa Anpena npomy npHsaTB moh) ocoSjiHByio 

npH3HaTejiBH0CTL 3a MomHoe cofl;iScTBie, OKasannoe hmi npa bh- 

nojiHeniH oco6o nopy^cHHofl OMy pa6oTH; TaKyio ace npHsnaTejiB- 

HOCTB odtaBJiaio a BciMi r.r. npe^ci^aTejiaM'B h qjiCHaMt nofl;KOM- 

MHccifl no Tofl ace pa6oTi&, ncnojiHHBniHXTb 6HCTpo, rjiy6oKO o6^y- 

Manno h Bnojini ocnonaTejiBHO Boajroacennyio na hhxi mhoio 3a- 

fl;aqy, a b'b oco6eHnocTH TaflnHxi coBi&THHKOB'B: BapanoBa n Ma- 

ManTOBa; jijMcTBHTeJiLHHX'E cTaTCKHXt coBtTBHEOBi: $oxTa, Type- 

BH^a, B. A. JIaTHmeBa, CMnpnoBa h KOJiJieaccKaro coBiTHHKa FoTJinfia. 

Cepfl;e^HO 6jiaro;iiapK) fljnpeKTopa fl;enapTaMenTa Hapo;i;Haro npo- 

cB^ni;eHia, nMcTBHTejiBnaro CTaTCKaro coB-feTEHKa PaxManoBa, ynpan- 

jiaiomaro OT^^ijrenioM'B npoMHniJienHLixt yqEJiEmt, ji;ificTBHTeJiBHaro 

CTaTCKaro coBifeTnnKa TaBHji;i;apoBa, r.r. BHn;e-fl;HpeKTopoBi n Bctoi, 

iiHnoB'B nenTpajiBnaro ynpaBJienia sa nonecenHLie hmh Tpy;i;H h 

6e3COHHHa ho^h, npoBe^ennHa B'B KponoTJiHBofl pa6oTi. 

Ct. ^yBCTBOMT. rjiy6oKofi 6jiarofl;apHOCTH BcnoMnnaio a h to ot3hb- 
^HBoe OTHomenie, KOTopoe 6hjio npoaBJieno Kt MOHMt TpefioBa- 
niaai^ h xoji;aTaficTBaMi co CToponH jihii;'b, MH-fe neno^Bi^jiiOMCTBeH- 
HHXt, npHHaBmnxt y^acTie Bt mohxt» pa6oTaxT> h necniHX'B Tpy^ti^ 
napanni cb noAB^^^OMCTBennHMH mh4 ^nnaMH. 

YnoBaio, hto Bonpocti, paspadoTannHe Bt Moe ynpaBJienie, npn- 
necyTT, xoTa n-feKOTopyio nojiBsy y^eenHM'B sane^eniaMT. n paso- 
BBiOTX B% yqan],Hxca ^yBCTBa rjiyfioKofl jijo6bh wh Poccin n ea Mo- 
napxy. 

Fenepaji'L-a^^iiOTaHT'B BauHoecniu, 


Bt o$$Hn;iajiBHofl „$HHJiaH;fl;cKofl Faseii" TaKace noannjiocB 3a 
HCTeKmifi Micaint h^gkojibko npaBHTejiBCTBeHHHX'B coo6n],eHift. 

„4 (17) anpijia, Bt 10 qacoBi yxpa, — roBopHTca bi nepsoMi 


176 PyCCKOfi BOrATCTBO. 

H3T> HHX'L, — Bt HpHcyTCTBiH HK)JiaH;i;cKaro ry6epHaTopa, npHSHBfloe 

no BOHHCKofl noBHHHocTH npHcyTCTsie OTKpHJDLO Bi rejii>CHHr$op- 

CKOMt rapHH30HH0MX Maflescfi 3ac'fe;^aHie ;ii;jia npoBipKH no npnsHB- 

HMMt cn^CKaMi flBHsmnxca Kt npnsHBy jiuji,t>, Tojina bt> KOJimecuB^ 

OKOJio 500 ^ejOBl^Kt rpOxTiKHM'B KaniJieM'B h uiyMOMt sarjiyniajia cna- 

qajia HTenie ciaxeft aaKOHa, a saxiMX BHEJinKanie $aMHjiifl. En^e 

6ojiBnrHMH 6e3nopfl;i,EaMH conpoBoac;i.ajiHCB bhxoji;h BHKJiHKaeMHX'B 

jiHDi'L. Bi na^ajr-fe ;i,BiHajn;n;aTaro ^aca 6hsi> cji.iJian'B nepepHBt sa- 

cfejiiaHia. BwxojiiUBmaro Hst Maneaca nojini^eScKaro KOMMHCcapa Kafi- 

TOKanraca TOJina conpoBo^ajia icpnKaMH n 6pocaHLeM'B EaMnjiMH h 

KycKaMii jiL^a, kohmh nanecjia cepBesntiH nopaneniff tojiobbi. Baa- 

ro^apa aHeprH^HLiM'E u.McTBiaM'B h. a;. noMoni;HHKa nojiHn.iflMefl- 

ciepa mTadcB-KanHTana MaiccHMOBa, HasBannaro KOMMHCcapa yji;a- 

jiocB noca;i;HTL na H3B03qHKa h npHBesTH na n;eHTpajiLHyio nojiHi^eH- 

CKyH) CTaHi],iK). llpH^aiOMt TOJina HsSnjia h'^ckojibkhx'l KOHCxadjieH. 

Ha B03o6HOBjieHHOMi Bt 12 qacbBX Toro ace ;i,Ha 3aci;i;aHiH npn- 

3UBHoro no bohhcko2 noBHHHbcTH npncyTCTBia, TOJina, n-fecKOJiLKO 

fioji-fee MHoro^HCJieHflaff, qtifB yxpoMX, cpejJiH KOTopofi 6u:jih: npoTO- 

KOjiBHHH ceKpexapL HMnepaiopcKaro $HHjiaH;i;cKaro cenaxa *ypy- 

reJiBMtv 6apoHi. (j|)OHt-BopHi, AKcejit JlnjiJie, ropo^cKie $HCKajiBi^H 

upyrie HnxeJumrenxLi, no3BOJiHJia ce6i^ eni,e Sojitmia 6e3^HHCxBa. 

Bcero nst 857 npnstiBaeMHX'L aphjiocb bt> ManeacL 57 qejiOB'feK'B h 

2 aBHJiocB Henocpe;i;cxBeHflo k% rydepnaxopy, ;i;ojiomHB%, ^xo bi Ma- 

nesK'fe xojina chjioh) ne ^onycxEJia nxx uoaohxh ki Kpnroi-KOMMHQ- 

capy H myMOMi saoymnjia nxi oxejihrX). Okojio 4 ^3,coB^> nono- 

jiy;i,HH xoro ace fljHa xojina na^ajia co6HpaxLca na lOacHoS 9cnjra- 

Haji,Hofi yJinn;^, npoxKB-L Mara3HHa nopxnoro SejiHrcona, b-l Koxopwfi 

BomeJii* KOMMHCcapt KanxoKanracL. Uoji.'h npHKpHxieMi> BusBannaro 

Hapa^a kohhoh h ntniefl nojiHD,iH ynoManyxoMy KOMMHCcapy y;i;a- 

jiocL yfexaxL na H3B03^HKi&, sa KOxopHMi 6pocHJiaci> xojina, ho, no- 

xepaBi* H3i BH^y, nanpaBHJiacB na CeHaxcKyio njioni,a^B, k'b s^amio 

nojiHn^in, rji,^ n 6HJia pasornana KoncxaSjiaMH. 5 anpijia, b^ 10 ?a- 

coBi yxpa, npH3LiBHoenoBOHHCKo3noBHHHOcxH npncyxcxBie oxKpBUio 

saci^aHie bi> KasapMaxx jieH6'B-rBap;i;iH 3-ro ^nncKaro fiaxajiiona ]i,m 

npoHSBOACXBa Me;i;HAHHCKaro ocMoxpa aBHBniHxca K'B npHSWBy. Tojina 

b'l H^BCKOJiBKO XBicaq'B ^ejiOB'^Ki, He cMOxpa Ha npocB6H nojiHi^iH pa- 

3ofixHCB, 3anpyji,HJia Ka3apMeHHyio njion],a;i.B h kphkomi., cbhcxomx, 

pyraxejiBCTBaMH Bcxpi^ajia Kaac;i;aro npH3BrBHoro, BHXOji,HBniaro Hst 

npHcyxcxBia. Okojio 11 ^acoB-B xojma naopocHJiacB Ha cnoKOfiflO 

cToaBmaro na ymy IOjkhoh Mara3HHH0H h $a6iaHCKoi yjiHU.'B acae- 

ftapMCKaro ynxep-B-o^Hiiepa, Koxopsiii xoxtjix yKpHXBca oxi nea Bi 

ayKii,ioHHH2 3ajix>, ho dbi.i'B oxiy^a BtixoJiKHyx'B h ^jih caMoo6opoHH 

BbixBaxHJi'B mauiKy. Bn^tBiniH axo h. ji;. noMOfli.HHKa noaHniiflMefl- 

cxepa mxaSc'B-KanHxafl'L MaKCHMOB'B ch o6HaaceHHOH maniKOH 6po- 

ciaca Ha xoany, Koxopaa pa36teaaacB, ho b-b 3X0 BpeMa mxaScB- 

KannxaHx MaKCHMOBX. 6uJii> cepBesHo panenx. bx. roaoBy KycKOM^ 


XPOHHKA BHyTPEfiHEfi aCH3HH. 177 

jiLfl;a. KHHyBfflifica na BHpy^Ky ero K0HCTa6jii> FefliMaHt cdHxt toji- 
noH) ct HOFb H h36ht'l. Okojio 12 TiacoBX Ki DpHcyTCTBOBaBmeMy 
Bce Bpeiia na njiomafl,H DOJiHii;iflMeflcTepy noji;offleJit „flienyTa'rB" 
OTh TOJinH cb npocL6oH) y6paTB ycHJieHHHfl Hapaji;^ nojinuiH, py^a- 
«CB, TTO TOJina pasofi^eTCff h yjiH^sHfi nopafl;oK'B ropoRa TejiLCHHr- 
^opca fiyfljeTt BOBCiaHOBJieH'E. IIojiHii.iflMetcTep'B nofljnojiKOBHHK'B 
KapjECTefl;T'B ptniHJi'B Hcnpo6oBaTB 3to ^ocJI'fi;^Hee cpe^iCTBO ji;jia bo3- 
CTaHOBJieHia yjiH^naro ^opa;^Ka. JMcTBHiejiBHO, HiKOTopHe Ha^iajiH 

yXOAHTB, HO SaMtTHO TOJIDa He yMCHBniHJiaCB. BCKOpi, CB OKOH^a- 

HieMX jui^ficTBiS npH3HBHoro npHcyTCTB^a, Tojrna nepemjia na CenaT- 
<3KyH) njioni;afl;B. Okojio fliByx'B ^acoBB ;i;h^ bga njiomafliB h npHJie- 
raio^iH yjiHi^Li 6ujih sanpyaseHH Hapo;i;oM'B n BHBBaHHan bosl hm^b- 
maaca HajiHi];o nojtHi^iji, v>^k% nimaa, TaK'B h KOHnan 0Ka3aj[aGB 
^e3CHJEBH0K) fliJifl ' yfl;epacaHia nop«3;Ka bi npncyTCTEiH B086yac;^eHHofi 
MaccH, yrpoacaBinefi noJiHi^iH h ntKOTopHMi H3'e cenaTopoBi, a no- 
TOMy 6HJia BH3BaHa cotha openfiyprcKaro Ka3a^Baro ji;HBH3ioHa, npn 
noHBJEeniH KOTopoS na nj[0Hi;a;3;H xojina pasci^ajiaGB b'b 6jiHacafiniie 
^opH, na ji*cthhi;h HnKOJiaeBCKaro co6opa, cenaTa, yBiHsepcHTeTa 
H BB 6oKOBHa yjiHn;H, ho BCKopi Ha^ajia ohhtb 3anpyacaTB njio- 
mjai^h. IIoGJiaHHBiH OT;a;^jieHifl KasaKOBB j^lsi pasc^^Hin TOJinn 6mjih 

£CTpi?eHH KaMHHMH, KyCEaMH JLh]I,% H3B OROH'B 6pOCaJ[n JlOJLil3.hR 

H ny3HpBKH CB KaKOiO'TO acHji;KOCTBH). HicKOJiBKO KasaKOBX 6bijih 
ymnfijieHH h oaihhx thkcjio paneHB bb rojiOBy; He cMOTpa na aio, 
'6uj[o pimeHO ente o6oayi;aTB npHMinaTB opyacie, ho npHniJiocB pas- 
TOHflTB conpoTHBJiaromyiocH TOJiny naraflKaMH. Bb 3to speMa 6BrjiH 
BBTSBaHH ;i;b^ poTH 1 $HHJiaH^cKaro cTpijiKOBaro nojiKa. Bhjio pa- 
Heno eme xpoe Koncxafijiefi h KasaKB, chjibho yfflH6jieHBi kommhc- 
-capB JleBHHrB, xpoe K0Hcxa6jiea h MHorie JierKO. Bb bujij ofiinia- 

Hia HiCKOJIBKHXB JIHI^B H3B ny6jIHKH H ropOJ^CKHXB ynOJIHOMO^eH- 

HBixB, ^xo OHH yroBopaxB xojEHy pasoSxHCB, fl;McxBie boSckb npi- 
ocxanoBJieHO h Kasa^Ba coxna BBefljeHa bo ^BopB nojiHn.eficKaro 
ynpasjieHia. IlacxopB MypeHB o6paxHjica k'b napofliy cb p^^bk) na 
^HHCKOMX H ^IBe;^CK0MX asHKax'B, yroBapHBaa pa3oflxHCB, ne ;iiOBo;i;a 
;iio KpoBonpojiHxia. Bx bejij npnfijiHaceHia BpeMenn OKOH^ama pa- 
6oTh Ha $a6pHKaxB h B03MoacHOCXH yBejiH^enia xojinH pa6oqHMja[, 
BH3BaHH 6hjih eni;e ;i;Bi poxBi 1-ro • $HHjiaH;i;cKoro cxpijiKOBaro 
nojiKa H ;^Bi poxu Ji.-rB. 3-ro cip^JiKOBaro (J>HHCKaro 6axajiB0Ha. 
Jto npHxo;i;a ^ocJIi;^HHX'B xojina naqajia pacxo^iHXBca, a sax^MB 
6hjih oxnpaBJieHH ajomoS BBrsBaHHtia qacxH h nowepsKanie nopaji;Ka 
Bceii;ijio bhobb nepemjo bb pyKH nojiHn;iH. Kasa^Ba coxna Ha od- 
paxHOMB nyxH 6HJia ocHnana KaMHaMH, KoxoptiMH chjibho ymnSjieHLi 
o$Hn;epB h ypaji;HHKB, pa3;n;po6jieHO Jioace bhhxobkh h nopaneHo 
HicKOjiBKO jioma;iie&. MicxaMH coxna npo6HBajiacB chjioh). Okojio 
^ecaxH qacoBB Hapojiji KyqKaMH bhobb na^ajiB npHfiBiBaxB na Ce- 
HaxcKyio HJiomavHB, oxKyfl;a o6pa30BaBinaaca xojina, cb ninieMB BBep- 
Be6oprcKaro Mapina, cb kphkomb h cbhcxomb ^BHHyjiacB no Ajie- 

}6 4. OTji.tji'B II. 12 


178 PyCCKOB BOrATOTBO. 

Kcasii^poBCKoa yJIH^*. y CTy^eH^ecKaro ffOMa ona ociaHOBHJiaci, h 3a* 
TfeMi Majio no Majiy cxajia pacxoffHTLca. Ha cjii«yK)ni;ee yipo bo 
Bcix-B reJibCHHr^opcKHXt raaeTax'B 6hjio HanegaTaHO o6pani.eHie 
ropoj^cKHX'B ynojiHOMoqeHHHXt Ki rpaamaHaMX, npH3HBaiomee Hxt 
Ki coxpaneHiK) nopa?i;Ka. TaEOBua »e BossBania 6hjih pacoeeHH 
no BcfiMX yjiHAaMi, a laKi KaEX ohh BCKop* OKaaajiHCB nopsaH- 

HHMH, TO 6hJIH paCOeeHH BTOpHTOO. nOBH;HiHMOMy, BCe 9T0 BOSH- 

M^jio ^.McTBie; ^eHL 9toti npomejix noKoftno." 

8 anp^Jiff 6hjeo odnapoffOBaHO,— no cjiOBaMi ^$hhji. T." — cji*- 
;i;yK)mee o6xaBJieHie HioJiaHfliCKaro ry6epHaTopa: ^Bi nocjii^ffnie fl;HH 
wb ropojBi* npoHCXofl;HJiH yjiH^Hiie 6e8nopaji;KH, noTpefioBaBniie bh^ 
30Ba BoficKi, HMiromnxt Bt TaKHxx cjiyiaaxi no saKony npaBO 
^McTBOBaTB opyacieMX, CHJia ornecTptJibHaro 6oa KOToparo hhhI 
yacacna. Bt npefl;ynpe2Kji;eHie HanpacnBixt acepiBi, npHSHBaio rpaaec- 
j^ant ne napymaTL o6ni;ecTBeHHaro nopflja;Ka, a Bt oco6eHHOCTH ne 
j^onycKaTL acenn^HHt h ji;tTefi npHMHKaiB Kt tojih*. YTOCTie vh 
HeffosBOJieHHHX'B cdopnniiaxi, cocxaBJiaa napymeme saKona, caiio 
no ce6t npecTynno. YjiHTOaa CMyxa ne MomeTL noKOJie6aTB npa- 
BHTOJiBCTBeHHHxi Tpe6oBaHifl H nosTOMy ;n;ep3Koe cBoeBOJiie TOJinH, 
eyjiyTO cosepnieHHO 6e3n.tJiBHHM'L, MoaseTt JiHmB noBJie^B 3a co6oi> 
BecBMa TflffiKiff nocJitffCTBiH. 3aK0Hx: § 6 rjiaBH 16 yroJiOBnaro 
yjioacenia BeJi^Karo KHaaiecTBa ^HHjranffCKaro; BHCo^afimee o6%si- 
BJienie otb 20 anBapa 1896 roji;a oinocHTejiBHO TpefioBania co;n;M- 

CTBia BOeHHOS chjih". 

BcJiijii'B 3aT*M'E Bt „<I>HHJiaHffCK0fi TasoT^" 6iJjr'B oeHapofliOBaHt 
€Ji^fl;yH)ni;iH BHCo^aflmifl pecKpHnTx na HMa $HHJiaH;i;cKaro rene- 
pajTi-ryeepnaTopa: ^B-l nocjitOT©e Bpeaia b-b *HHJiaH;iiiH pacnpo- 
eTpaHHJiHCB jioacHLie cjiyxn o HaM^peniH HanieMi otm^hhtb b'b na* 
CToan^emt ro^y npHSHBi HOBo6paHii.eBx. CjyxH axn, cMyTHBi mho- 
raxi npHSHBaoMMxi, nocejiHjiH b'b hxi cpe^^ coMHtnie, cjii^inyerB j[h 
HMi aBJiaiLca kt. HcnojiHeHiio bohhckoA noBHHHOCTH. Ham'B *hh- 
jaH^cKifi cenaT'B, onacaacB, ^to npn TaKOMt noJioateniH b'b h^ko- 
TopHxi MtcTHOCiax'B MoryTt BCTp^THTBca 3aTpy3;HeHia k% CBoe- 
BpeMeHHOMy HcnojineHiK) npnsHBa, Bomejit Kt nanx cb Bcenowas- 
HiSniHM'B xofl;aTaficTBOMi o npoj^Jtenin ycxanoBjieHHaro cpoKa npn- 
8HBa, fl;a6Li maTB nacejieniK)- Bpena y66fl;HTLca bi HeocHOBaxejiBHO- 
CTH pasci^eBaoMHX'B no noBOfl;y bohhckoA noBHHHOCTH cJiyxoBt. 
npH3HaB'B 3a 6jiaro CHH3oflTH Ki 9T0My xo^axaScTBy, npeji,ocTa- 
BJiaeMi BaMt, no saaBJieniio cenaTa, npo^JiHTL Bpeuia npoH3Bo;ii;cTBa 
npH3HBa ;n;oJite nasna^eHHaro bx saKoni^ cpoKa (24 iiona). OacH- 
^aeMi, TITO 0CBiji;0MJieHHHe OTHOCHTejiBHo HCTHHHHXT* Hamnx'B na- 
M^penifi $HHjiaH^cEie rpaacjiiaHe ne npeMnnyTt 6e3npeKOCJioBHa 
HcnojiHHTB Tpe6oBaHie saKona. YKJiOHeHie ot'b npnsHBa npHBe^eTt 
Haci K-B y6te;i;eHiK), ^ito ycTanoBHsniiflca bt> Te^enie ncTeKmaro 
CTOJitTia nopa;n,OKB ynpaBjienia *HHJiaHji;ieK) ne o6e3neqHBaeTi> cno- 
KoSnaro Te^enia rocy;],apcTBeHHoS 3EH3Hh h noBHHOBema BJiacTaMt**. 


XPOHHKA BHyTPEHHSft aCH3HH. 179 

Bi. Toi me raaei* 6hjio Hane^aiaHO cjiifl;yK)iE(^e o$$Hi;iajiLHoe 
coo6ui,eHie o hobhx^ 6e3nopfl[ji;Kaxt bi» TejiBCHHr^opct, BH6oprfe, 
TaMMep$opci&, A6o, BtepHfiopri h ;nip. ropoji;axt: 

„Bi» xe^enie ji;Ha 6-ro anpftjia nop«AOKt na yjiHi];axi. r. TejiL- 
cHHr^opca He napymajicH; saMiqeno 6hjio JiHniL ycHJieHHoe ;^BH- ^ 
aceme -ihi^i, HSB-ficTEHXt ^OJIH^iH CBOHMi yqacTieMt Bt npona- 
raH^*. 0;i;HaKO, ci HacTynjieHieMt TeMHOTH, TOjina, Go6paBinaaca 
Ha ynioHCKoft yjinn;* h CenaTCKoft njioni;a^H, h^ckojibko past ly- 
HiHJia yjiH^HHe $OHapH h ct ninieM-L 6LepHe6oprcKaro Mapnia h 
KpHKaMH ,,ypa" fliBHHyjiacL Kt cTy;^eHqecKOMy ;noMy. Bo BxopoMt 
Hacy Hoqn TOJina, pyKOBOji;HMaa HHxejiJiHreHTHHMH jiHi^aMH, nanpa- 
BHJiacB K-L 3-My nojiHiieficKOMy yqacTKy, KOTopHfl h paarpoMHjia 
Bi KOHeii,t, paHHBt KaMHflMH HOJuanieflcKaro KOMMHCcapa neKOHena 
H oji;Horo KOHcxafijiH. HaM^penie xojinLi noBxopnxB xo ace h b^b 
AeHxpajELHOMt nojiHii;eficKOM'B ynpaBjieHiH 6hjio npe;i;oxBpani;eHO 
npH6HxieMX. Kt HeMy BoflcKOBoro. Hapa;^a. 7-ro anpijia, oeojio 
6 TiacoBx. Be^epa, xojina, co6paBmaaca na 4>a6iaHCKofi yJiHi;*, g% 
n-feHieMx* 6LepHe6oprcKaro Mapma ;n;BHHyjiacB kx. CenaxcKOfl njio- 
ma;i;H, a oxxy^a na CtBepHyio 9cnjiaHaji;HyK) yjiHi^y mhmo niBejii- 
cKaro xeaxpa, h inajiie kx» A6ocKOMy mocce, vji,^ nocxeneHHO h 
paac^HJiacB. Bi cjii^yjonye saxtMi ^hh 6e3nopff;i,KH ne bo3o6- 
HOBjiHjiHCB. 9-ro anpijiH 6hjio pacKJieeHo no yjiHn.aM'B h hom^- 
meno BO Bcixx> ra3exaxx» o6x>aBJieHie HiojiaH^^CKaro ryfiepnaxopa, 
npH3BrBaK)mee oSLinaxejiefl yKJiOHHXBCH oxx» Heji;o3BOJieHHHX'B c6o- 
pnmt, a BMtcxi ex. x-Imi h ycHJienx rapHHSOHx ropo^a. TaKoro 
ace po^na yjiH^HBie 6e3nopH^KH, KOxopHMx KJiHKa arHxaxopoBx> ace- 
jiaexx> npH^axB 3HaqeHie napo^naro ;i;BHaceHiH, 6hjih ;n;onyni;eHti bx, 
TaMMep$opci^, A6o, BBepnefiopr^, BH6opri h ;n;pyrHXt ropo^ax^. 
Be* 3XH 6e3nopa;^KH, cxojib HecooxBtocxByioni,ie MHHMoi $HHJiflH^- 
cKofl jiofiajiBHOcxH, cocxaBJifl'JiH ^eMOHCxpaxHBHBiS npoxecxx npOXHBX» 
nepsaro npHMtaeniH k-b jijhjij Bfcico^aamaro MaHH$ecxa oxt 3-ro 
^espajia 1899 ro;a;a. CiiyxBaHBi noji;cxpeKajiH jierKOBipHHXX. kx> 
npoflBJieniK) xaKoro npecxynnaro npoxHBo;i,*flcxBiH jiiaace h npoxKBi 
npHMiHenia cxaparo ycxasa o bohhckoA hobhhhocxh 1878 roji;a, 
BHyniafl, ^xo jiio^ Moryxi noji,nacxB noji;^ CHJiy HOBaro saKona, 6y- 
ji;yqH sa^HCJieHBi Bt xo onoji^enie, Koxopoe Kor^a-HH6y;n;B Bnocji-fe;!;- 
cxbIh Moacexx. 6hxb co6paHO, ocymecxBjiaff bx» axoMt oxHonreniH 
Tpe6oBaHia BHCo^afimaro naHH^ecxa 29-ro Iiohh 1901 r. TaKoe 
SepsKoe npoxHBOjii'feHcxBie bx, cymnocxH MHJiocxHBOMy BoeHHOMy 
saKony 6hjio bo MHornxt M^cxax'B npoHBJieHO arnxaxopaMH co3J^a- 
HieMX> 3axpy;i;HeHiH bx» o6m;HHaxx» no BB[6opy ji;enyxaxoBx» bx, cocxaBx, 
yt3;a;HBixx, no bohhckoS noBHHHOcxn npncyxcxBiS, b^ nasna^eHiH 
ceKpexapefl h Bpa^ieS, 3axpyji;HeHiaMH bx, oxBo;nii ;n;j[a ocBH^'fexejiBcxBO- 
Banui H HtepefiBeMexaaia noM-femeHifl h x. n". 

KaKX> coo6ni;aex'B „*hhji. Fas/', bhobb Ha3HaqeHH0My MHHHcxpy 
BHVxpeHHHxx, ji.iji'h B. K. ^OH-B-IIjieBe 7-ro (20-ro) anpijin bbico- 

12» 


180 pyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

^afiine noBejiiHO' Bnpe;q> ao A^^^HifimHX'B Ero HMnepsTopcEaro 
BejiHHecTBa yKasaHiS ocTaBaTLca hhhhctpomi» cxaTCE-ceKpeTapeHi 
BejiHEaro EH^acecTBa ^EHJiAHACKaro. 

6-ro anptja cocToajica cji-fenyiomifl BHconaflniifi yKasi: „noMom- 
HHEy ^HHJiflHACKaro reHepajDEi-ryfiepHaTopa h EOMaH^yiDn^aro boS- 
CEaMH ^HHjiflHACEaro BoeHHaro OEpyra^ reHepajn-jefixeHaHTy UIh- 
noBy — BceMHJioGTHB'&Snie noBejitBaeM'B 6bitl HJieHOicL BoeeHaro 
coB^xa". 

B. MflKOTMHl. 



IlHebMO Bi> peaaKiiiK). 


MHJiociHBMe rocy;i;apH rr. PeJ^aExopH! He c^Hxaa bobmoshmmx 

H yM^CXHBIM'B nOJEeMHSHpOBaXL BT> HaGXOflIIi;eM'E nUGLM'^ CL aBxopoMi 

„XpoHHEH BHyxpeHHei »h3hh", HaneqaiaHHofi bx J^ 3 „PyccEaro 
BoraxcxBa", Bt Eoxopofl H^ext, Me»;i;y npo^HMT», pt^B o ;i;Byxt ;^'fe- 
jiaxt, Bt EOXopHXx K BHCxynajLt bx cyji;^ (fiijio PHXjiHii;Karo ct 
yflji^jiLHHM'L Bifl;oMCXBOMi 061 ydHXEaxt 3a noxpaBy syCpaMH, h 
fl.'fejio r. HacxyxoBa, oSBHneHHaro b% HeocxopoacnoMt ydiflcxB-fe) no 
noBOjsj ero BecbMa onpefl,6jD[eHHofl xo^ieh sptHia na c$epy fljtjii, 
Morymnxx 6hxl 06'BeExoM'B BamHXBi mk 6jiio;i;yiqaro CBoe npaB- 
cxBOHHoe fl;ocxoHHcxBO a^^BOsaxa^ a xasse ero o^*HEH yMtcxHocxM 
xtxx» HJiH HHUX'B npieMOBXi 3aiii;Hxu, xaE'B sas7» axo sna^HJio 6h, bi 
BHfl;y cofl;ep2KaHia „XpoHHEH", onpaBAHBaxLca caMOMy, Meac^y Tiwh 
Eas'B onpaB^^uBaxBCfl hh^, no Moeny y6^XAeHiK)^ pi^mnxejiBHO ne 
BT> ^ewhf a. no3BOJi£[io ce6i npocnxB paspimnxb mh^ yEasaxL na 
cxpaHHi^axx »e „PyccEaro BoraxcxBa" $aEXH^ecEia nexo^HocxH, 
fl;onyni;eHHua r. xpoHHEepoMt, o^eBH;^Ho, ne no CBoefi Bani, a 
BCJii;];cxBie oniH6oE'B hjih yMOJiHaniS, BEpaBmnxcs bx> rasexnuii sop- 
pec^OH;^eH^iH, hsx EoxopHxi oni nepnajii cboh CBi;n$Hia. 

Ho s^jy PHXJiHn;Earo (scxaxH — PaxjinniEifl ne ^EpecxBanHnt" 
GT> 3EOHOMHqecEofl xo^EH spiniff, a apeHfliaxopx ^yasHxx seMeJit) ci 

yA^JELEHMl B^^^OMCXBOH'B, npHnHCBIBafl HH^ ^paSEHe AOBOAH'' B'L 

xoMi ^HCJi* H 3ani;Hxy „jih^hocxh sydpoBt" (9x0, Eone^no, yace 
„ocxpoyMie" — ne Moe!), EoppecnoH^eni^iff yMajiqj-Baext caMOMt 
rjiasHOMX H ocHOBHOMi ropH^^H^ecEOMt nojioaceniH, BH^BHraBmeMCJi 


HHCBMO BX pe;^akii,ik). 181 

Bt samHTy jfl,^JiLHaro Biji;oMCTBa, na KOTopoMi. co6cTBeHHO h ocho- 
BaHO pi^meHie BnjieHCKofl Cyfl;e6Hofl IlajiaTH, 0TKa3aBine3 Phxjihi^- 

KOMy Bt HCK*. 

3y6pti BOj^aTCfl He tojibko Bt jiicax-L y;i;6jiLHaro Bfe;niOMCTBa, ho 

H Bl JlicaXl qaCTHHXt BJD[a;^*JIBI^eBl» 3;aHH0fi MtCTHOCTH. 3a „CBO- 

Hxt" 3y6poB'B (t. e. npHKapMJiHBaeMHXi. h ^a^ae coAepsHMHXt bi 

0C060Ml „3BtpHHnit") y^i&JIM fiesyCJIOBHO ;^0JI3KHBI OTBiqaxb. IIo 

^ifejiy 6hjio ^OKasaHo, ^to 3y6pH, noTpaBHBmie cino PHXJiHi^caro, 
„BHmjiH He H3i B-fejioBiaccKOH nymn" (BHOHCKa h8i pimema Cy- 
flie6Hofi UajiaTH). 

IIpaBHjio (3aK0Ht) „HenpHKOCHOBeHHOCTH" 3y6pa (ero HejiLsa 
y6HBaTB, HO rnaTB h nyraTt mojkho) ycTanoBjieHO ne y;n;$JiaMH, a 
^ocyJ^apcTBeHHOH) BJiacTLK), no^eny a. Bt cbohxi» o6i>acHeHiaxi Me- 
ac^y npo^HMt peKOMeHfl;oBaji'B CTpajnaiomnMi. oti sySpoBt npeflit- 

HBJiaTB HCKH Kt Ka3H4, a HO Kt Y]l,ijlB,Wh, C'B TO^KH 3p§Hi)I T. XpO- 

HHKepa aio, Kone^HO, — ^lopH^nqecKia tohkocth". Ho ne iiiniaeTt 
3HaTB H hx^ TOMy, KTO aBTopHxeTHO 6epeTca pa8cyacfl;aTB o cy^e6- 
hom^ fl;*jii. Mu, lopHCTH, npHSBaHH ne tojibko pyKOBOfliHTBca cbo- 

HMH CHMnaTiflMH, HO H ^^fiCTByiOHUHMH SaEOHaMH. 

3aT*Mi no3BOJiffio ce6i& fl;yMaTB, hto o;i;ho yjKe to o6cToaTejiB- 
CTBO, ^TO HCK'B 6hji'b Hpej^i^BJieHt 3aHHT0^HHM'B apeHjuaTopoMi^ ^y- 
aKHXT* 3eMeJiB — r. Phxjihii;khmi>, He ^anajio mh* ji;a3Ke BH^mH^ro no- 
Bo;i;a nojiaraTB, ^to bi» stomi rpaag^ancKOM'B jijkjuk a npnaBaH-B p^H- 
TaTBca CB „jiH^H0CTBK) KpecTBaHHHa" KaR-B TaKOBOK), a t6mi» 6o- 

Jlte — „JIH^HOCTB 3y6pa" npOTHBOnOCTaBJiaTB „JIHqHOCTHKpeCTBaHHHa". 
ECJIH 3y6pH fl;MCTBHTeJIBHO CTOJIB Bpe^HH Jl,JlSi HHTepecoBi. MicTHaro 

KpecTBHHHHa, KaKTB yTBepac;n;aeT'B r. xpoHHKepi., to, pa3yMieTCff, 
cjift;n;oBajio 6u otm^hhtb bobco 3aK0Hi» o hxi» „HenpHKOCHOBeHHo- 
cth" h nepe6HTB hxi. ;^o o^Horo. IIpoTHB'B SToro a piniHTejiBHo 
HH^ero He nwkio. Ho Bi^HB r. xpoHHEept xoponio noHHiiaerB, hto 
aTO He OTt Mena saBHCHTi., h KaKia 6u a hh nHTajii oco6eHHHa 
(xoTa 6u fliaace TaKia, KaKi» h caMi r. xpoHHEepi) qyBCTBa ki 

„JIH^HOCTH KpeCTBaHHHa", efi OTl HHXX, yBH! — HH TOEJEO, HH XO- 
JIOffHO. 

OTHOCHTejiBHO flj^Jia r. HacTyxoBa nacTaHBaio jehdib na o^homi.. 
YcjioBia H o6cToaTejiBCTBa, npn KOTopHX'B „co CTpaxy" (a ne no 
HHOMy no6yac;i;eHiK)) bhcxp^&jihji'b HacTyxoBi* h no noBOji;y KOTopHxi 
r. xpoHHKep-B roBopHTi „Hy;^ecHOMl. npeBpani;eHiH" ^aKTOBi, a 
B03G03JiaBaj[i> Ha ocHOBaniH to^hhxi. ^^aHHBixi., jijoduTHXTb cji'^jir 
CTBieMi. Bi» MOHxi» pyKaxi 6uji% $oTorpa$H^ecKifl chhmoki., Ha 
KOTopoM-B 6HJia BocnpoH8Beji;eHa m*cthoctb, r^;* naxo^HJiacB Jio^Ka 
HacTyxoBa. Cyjii'B KopoHHHfi, o6a3aHHHfl MOTHBHpoBaTB CBofi npnro- 
Bopi., cyfljHJii Ha ocHOBaniH Tix'B ace to^hbixi., $aKTH^ecKH ycTa- 

HOBJieHHBIXl fliaHHHX'B H, O^eBHfliHO, pa3^'fejIHJIl BCft MOH ^OBOiHiH 

061 ycjiOBiaxx, npn KOTopHxt npoHSomeji'B bbtctp^ji'b. F. xpoHH- 
Kept WBOjiBCTByeTca cooen^enieM-B „HHaceropofliCKaro JlncTKa". Ho- 


182 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

cjiij^Hifi, BOcnpoH3BOfl;a cy^efiHoe paaCHpaxejiBCTBO no ji.'^Jij IlacTy- 
xoBa, Bpirfl;t-JiH Mort OTpimHXBca otx npe^ijBaaTaro cnei^H$HqecKaro 
ero ocBimeHia: eme ^o pa36opa jijkjiB, rasexa axa Tpy6HJia o bhhob- 
HOCTH HacTyxoBa bi yMwuiJienuoM^ yfiiflcTBi. 9to OKaaajiocB ae- 
HBiifB B3ji;opoM'B: jj^ase n npoKypaxypa He Hamjia HHKaEHX'E ocho- 
BaHifi ji;j[ji nocxaHOBEH noji;o6Haro oOsHHeHm. 

r. xpoHHKept „He orop^eHt** Ttm, ^xo HacxyxoBt, bm^cxo 
'lexHpex'B MicanjeBt xiopLMH, nojiy^HJi'B fl;B* Hej^-fejiH apecxa. Ho bb 
pa6oxt aamHXBi, Koxopaa npHBOJia Kt 9X0My pesyjibxaxy, ohi. ycMax- 
pHBaexx ^HOKoppeKXHOcxL npioMOBi" H oxcyxcxBie »^iJIOMy^piH bb 
cjiOBaxi»". Mni, ;^;Ba;^^axL jiixt BanaxoMy 3a;i;a^aMH samnxH, xpyfl;HO 
cxoflXB Ha xo^K^ Bp'i^HiH o6BHHHxejiJ{, ji;a enne EaK7> pas'B b'b xy 
MHHyxy, Kor;n;a a npHBHani BHCKaBaxB fl;oBo;pj b'b noJiBsy xoro, ^xo 
nofl,cy;^HMHfi BacjiyacHBaexi (a oh-b axoro Bcerfl;a sacjiyacHBaex'B) 
3aiii;HXB[ h CHHCxos^eHiji. 3aiii;HTHHsy, B^prnmeMy B'B HenpejiomnocxB 
cypoBaro B03Me3^ia, e;^Ba-JIH ne nppme nepeM*HHXB npo^ecciio. IIpH 
xoM-B ace o6BHHHxejiB B'B HamoM'B yrojiOBHOMi ^po^ecci h Ses-B 
xoro fl;ocxaxoHHO chjeoh'b h nojioacenie ero b-b fl,ocxaxo^Hofi cxenenH 
npHBEjierapoBaHO, too6h yacB samHxi^ ne npHXo;i;HJiocB, no KpaflHefl 
M*p6, 3a6oxHXBCff nofffl;epacaHiH ^obo;i;ob% o6BHHeHia. F. xponn- 
Kepy npiaxHH KOHeHHBie pe3yjiBxaxH ryMannaro xapaKxepa. IlycxB ace 
OH'B ^pe;^ocxaBHXx» 3ani;HT* n^KoxopyK) CBo6o^y 6opoxBca cx» o6bh- 
HemeMi. 

HaiieBH oxHOCHxejiBHO ^yMajienia ^ejioB^^ecKoS jraqnocxn" y6H- 
xaro nyxeM-B samHXBi r. HacxyxoBa ;^JIa Mena yace coBepnieHHO 
HenonaxHH. 3amHni;axB neBOJiBnaro yfiifii^y — HHKaK'B ne mosox'b sna- 
'iHxx. nonnpaxB jih^hocxb nec^acxnofi acepxBH. Ecjih 6h cbohm'b 
oxKasoM'B 3a^l;H^^axB r. HacxyxoBa h mofb coBepninxB ^y^o — BOCKpe- 
CHXB nec^acxnaro — a 6m, koho^ho, r. HacxyxoBa ne samnmaJi'B. ^ 

H. KapafineecKiM. 


\ 


no noBojty hhcbma r. KAPAB^EBCKAro. 183 


Ho noBojiy nHCBMa r- KapaOHeBCKaro. 


IIhcbmo r. Kapafi^ieBCKaro BHHyac;a;aeTi Menu BepHyTLca k'b Ht- 
KOTopHMt 3nH30AaM^, HSJiojKeHHHMt Bt npe^Hjtymefi Moeft xpoHHKi. 
^paB;^a, aBTopi nncBaia „He c^HxaeT'B BoaaioacHHMi H yMicTHUMt 
nojieMH3HpoBaTL" CO MHoi, TaKi. KaKi. „3T0 3Ha^HJio 6h onpaBji;H- 
BaTBca*^, a eny ^onpaBj^HBaxLca p-feniHTejiLHO He bi> qeMi»", h ace- 
jiaeTi jiHinb yKaaaTB ;i;onyin;eHHHa mhoio „$aKTH»jecKia neTO^HOCTH". 
Ho, He c^Hxaa BOSMoacHMMt nojieMH3HpoBaTB, r. Kapafi^eBCKifi Bt 
s ;5tficTBHTejiBH0CTH BCTynaeT^ b-l nojieMHKy, onpoBepraa to, ^to 
6hjio BTb Moefi xpoHHKt, EonyTHO onpoBepraeTi» h to, ^ero btb hoh 
He 6hjio, h, He acejiaa onpaB;i;HBaTbca, o6BHHfl[eT^ Apyraxi. Bee sto 
sacTaBJiireT'b Mena CHa6fl;HTB ero hhcbmo niKOTopHMH pasiacneHiaMH. 

Ho <3Ji0BaM'B caiioro r. Kapa6qeBCKaro, „$aKTH^ecKi)i neTO^HOCTH 
XonymeHH xpoHHKepoMi» „P. BoraTCTsa", o^eBH;i,HO, He no CBoefi 
BHHt, a BCJii;i;cTBie oniH6oKi» hjih yMOJi^anift, BKpaBniHxca b'l raseT- 
HHJi KoppecnoH;^eH^iH, h8i» KOTopuxi^ OHt ^epnajii cboh CBi^ima". 
Mni npHxofliHTca cKasaTB no 9T0My noBo^y h^ckojib^o 6ojiBnie. 
PoBopa ^aKTH^ecKofi CTopoHt ^4jia PHXJiHi^Karo ci yfljftjrBHHMi, 
Bt^^OMCTBOMt, 51 jTHDiB DepeneqaTajii., Seat bchkhxi^ fl;o6aBJieHift OTt 
cq6si, ho cb acHHM'B H nojiHUMi yKasanleM'B na hcto^ohei>, saHixKy 
„PyccKHX'B BiJ^OMOcxeH", noffBHBniyiocH 3a nojixopa Mican.a ;i;o xoro 
H He BHSBaBmyio Boapaacenifi hh cb ^bch cxopoHKL, bs xomi ^hcji* 
H CO cxopoHH r. Kapa6^eBCKaro. TaKoft iiaxepiaJi'B ^obojibho ecxe- 
cxBeHHO 6hjio c^HxaxB ffocxoBipHHMX. TenepB r. Kapa6^eBCKifi pt- 
fflHxejiBHO onpoBepraext nasBaHHyio saMtxKy, Bcen;tJio ocHOBaHnyio 
na yxBepacneniH, hxo.bi ji^ijii Puxjini^Karo ^HrypnpoBajiH 3y6pbi 
BtJEOBiaccKofl nyni;H, npHHOcanue sna^HxejiBHHfl Bpej^t MtcxHoaiy 
KpecTBancxBy *). Ecjh mh*, ^iScxBHxeJiBHO, npHnuiocB bochojibso- 
BaxBca neBtpHHMH CB^j^iniaMH, a o^eHB acajriio o6'h axoMi h oxoxho 
roxoBi H3BHHHXBca ^epe;^'B r. KapaSqeBCKHMX., ho BMicx-fe ci xiMi 


'^) 3a?']^M'B-T0 r. Kapa6?eBCRi^ ;i;Baa&Au noBTopneirb, ?to P£IXJUl^Kiji[ — He 
KpecTBflHHHii. Hn B'B KoppecnoH;];eHiaH «P. B^AOuocTeii»7 hb b'b Moefi xpoHUKi; 
Puxjim^Kifi He n&sBSLWh KpecTBAHHHoul). TaM'B n sjijkch owb HMeHyercfl «o6£iBa- 
TejiCM-B*. Ho KoppecnoH;i;eHTB «P.' Bt;i;oMOCTeft» yTBepa^aJTB? ^o ff-fejo Pbixxho;- 
Karo HOCHJio npuHipiaiajUtHiiift xapaKxep'B n hto cb HnifB 6hULiii t']^cho CBflsaHbr 

BHTepeCU 3Ha^nTeJIBH0& ^aCTH H^CTHUX'B KpeCTI>HH'B; HaXOAHiaHXCH B'B TaKOIfB 

Hce uojLomeBia, KaRB Puxjini^Kifi. KoppecnoH^^eHTB, oieBH^^HO, pyKOBo;i;njicfl Tkwb 
BsrafjiAOM^, TTO a;i;BORaTB, n;o6poBOjibHO npnEHMan Ha ce6a. samory RaKoro-AGi6« 
^^2Lj B3Bi^mnBaeTB bcd ero odu^ecTBenHyio o6cTaHOBRy h cBAsaHHUA cb hhmt. 
nocJi'i^ACTBifl. HsB dToro-»ce B3rjiH;i;a hcxo^hji'B h h b'b cbohxi* ROMMeHrapiflXB. 
Ho ecTB, KOHeiHO, H ;i;pyraa TOHRa sp^mH, corjiacHO ROTopoft «EopHcrii npn- 

SBaHU He TOABROpyROBOJl^HTLCfl CBOHHil CHOUiaTiflMH. HO H ;(MCTByK>III,lIMH SaKOHaM H» 


/ 


184 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

He Mory He saMtiHTb, ^to ji^oxsi OTBiTCTBeHHOCTH aa npoHcme;i,mee 
jieJKHTt Ha HeMt caMOMi. h ^to ohx h Bi HacTOHmee BpeM« BH6paji'E 
He coBciMi* npaBHJiLHHfl nyxb ;z^JU^ BOscTaHOBJieHia HCTHHnaro xa- 
paKiepa HHTepecyion^aro ero $aETa. Ecjih 6m OHt nocjiajii CBoe 
onpoBepacenie bi. peJ^aK^iK) „P. Bij^oMOcxefi", HMtromyio bosmok- 
HOCTB npoBtpHTL coofin^eHie CBoero KoppecnoHfl;eHTa^ mh* ne npn- 
mjiocL 6u nojiBsoBaTBCA HeB^pnMMH cBij^'i^HiAMH, a ecjiH 6h bto, 
Kt Hec^acTLK), yace cjiy^HJiocb, s nocnimnji'B 6h, Kone^HO, caMt 
HcnpaBHTB CBOH) oniH6Ky. Ho, o6pa^^aHCB Henocpefl;cTBeHHO bi 
„P. BoraTCTBo", He HMiiomee cHonieHifl ci KoppecnoH;n;eHTOMt 
„P. Btj^oMOCTefi", r. Kapa6^eBCKifi JinniB npoxHBonocTaBjraeT'B h3J0- 
KeHiio ^ocJIi;^Ha^o CBoe co6cTBeHHoe. 

^TO KacaeTca Mena, a oxotho totobi npHHaxb cBH;i;*xejiLcxBO 
r. Kapad^ieBCKaro. HicKOJitKO CMymaexi Mena jinniB xo o6cxoaxejib- 
cxfio, ^xo OHx, pi^fflHxeJiBHo o6BHHaa KoppecnoH;i;eHxa b^ saMajiqH- 
BaHiH $aEX0Bi>, caMi CB HeMeHBHieB) piniHxejiBHOcxBio H3jraraerB h 
OB[tHHBaex'B $aKXH, saBi^OMO fl;jra nero He cymecxBOBaBniie. CKasaBt, 
Tixo noxpaBHBinie cifeHO PtixjiHniKaro 3y6pH ne ^pHHa;^JIe»axx yA*JiB- 
HOMy Btfl;oMcxBy h ^xo noaxoiiy oxBixcxBeHHOCxB sa hexi JioaKHxca 
He Ha ^ocJIi;^Hee, a na Kasny, r. Kapa6qeBCKifl npHdaBjiaexx: ^cb 
xoHKH 3pi^Hia r. xpoHHKepa 8T0, Kone^HO, „K)pHji;H^ecKia xohkocxh". 
Ho He M^HiaerB snaxB h Hxt xoMy, kxo aBxopnxexHO 6epexca pas- 
cy«J^axB cy;i;e6H0M'B fl;tjii". HecOMHinno, ne Mtniaexi. To^ho 
xaKse He M^maex'B, pa3cyac;i;aa o ji,iji% ne nsM^naxB ero HCTHHHaro 
xapaKxepa. Bhxb MO»exi, ex Moeft xo^kh aptaia yKa3aHHHa o6cxoa- 
xejiBcxBa, fl[i6cxBHxejiBH0, — ^ropHAH^iecKia xohkocxh". Bhxb Moacexi, 
ojUnaKO, 8X0 h ne xaKi. Btpno bo bchkomx cjyqai o^ho, ^xo a 
CBoefi xo^kh spinia na hhxb ne BHCKasHBaji'B, h ^HxaxezB nanpacHO 
cxajix» 6h HCKaxB b'b Moe3 xpoHHKi HOGxaBJieHHHa r. Kapa6?eBCRHM'& 
b:b KaBH^Kaxi cjioBa. Hxi e^tl B7» ned h He Morjio 6hxb, xaEi 
RaK'B B'B GBoeMi H3Ji0JEeHiH a OGHOBUBajiGa jinniB Ha sawbiKi „P. 
B^fl;oMOGxeft", HH^ero ne roBopHBmefi 06% 9xhxb o6GXoaxejiBCXBax'L. 

Bo Bxopofl ^aGXH GBoero HHGBMa r. Kapa6qeBGKifi onpoBepraexx 
j^aHHoe MHOH) H3JioaceHie ero pojiH bx ^tjii r. EaGxyxoBa. IIpH- 
3HaxBGa, ^jia Mena neGOBcfiMi nonaxHO, ^xo Go6GXBeHHO acejiaexx 
onpoBeprnyxB bb axoMB GJiy^aft r. Kapa6^eBGKifl, xaKB RaK'B ohx 

He OXpH^aeX'B HH OffHOrO H3'B GOOfimeHHHXB MHOK) $aKXOBl H He 

npH6aBjiaexx kb hhmb HH^ero HOBaro. B3aMiH'B axoro ohb 6poGaexB 
jiHniB rojiOGJiOBHoe odBHEenie no aji;peGy „HHace^opo;^GKa^o JiHGXKa", 
na Gy;^e6HHS ox^exB Koxoparo ]i,ijii EaGxyxona 6HJia G;^iJa[aHa 
GCHJisa BB Hoei xpoHHE^, roBopa, ^xo Ha3BaHHaa rasexa, ^BOGnpo- 
H3Boji;a Gy^e6Hoe pa36HpaxejiBGXB0 no ji^hjij EaGxyxosa, BpafliB-jiH 
Morjia oxptaHXBGa orB npefl;B3axaro Gnei^H$H^eGKaro ero OGBtmenia". 
S. He Gxany pasSnpaxB axo o6BHHeHie, xaaceGXB KOxoparo r. Kapafi- 
HeBGKOMy, KaKB ropHGxy h nHGaxejiBO, ;n;ojiacHa 6mxb xopomo no- 
Haxna, — ne Gxany HMenno bb BHfl;y nojiHoft ero tojiogjiobhocxh. 


no noBo;i;y hhcsma r. KAPABHEBOKAro. 185 

3aMtqy jiHinB, ^[to APyraa HHaceropo^CKaa raaexa „BojirapB", ;n;o 
cy^a HBJiaraBinaH jijhjio r. IlacTyxoBa sna^HTejiBHO HHa^e, q^Mi* 
„HH3Keropofl;cKifi JThctoki", o cy^efiHOM'L paadHpaxejiBCTBi aToro 
jij^jiai fl;ajia OT^exx, bi» o6in;eMi> coBnajnaiomifl ci» OT^eTOMX nocji'£;i;- 
Hefi raseTH. 

r. Kapa6^BCKifi He;i;oBOjieHi> eme mohmi ynpeKOMt no noBo;i;y 
OTcyxcTBia KoppeKXHOCTH npieaioBi. h i^tjioMyfl;pia BHpaaceHifi Bt 
ero BainHTHTeJiLHoft p^^H no ffijiy r. IlacTyxoBa. H TaK'B KaK'B h 
oroBopHJicH, ^TO Mens HHTepecyio^'B jthdib npieMH 3ani;HTH, nynnen- 
HHe Bt xoAi> aftBOKaTOMt r. IlacTyxoBa, a ne Mipa HaKasaniH, 
naJioaceHHaa cyfljOMt na nocjii^naro *), r. Kapa6HeBCKi3 npoHH^ecKH 
npnrjEaniaeTi Mena pafl;H ^ocTHacema „pe3yjiLTaT0Bi. ryMannaro xa- 
paKiepa" „npe^ocTaBHTL 3ani;HTi niKOTopyio CBo6o;i;y 6opoTLCH ct 
o6BHHeHieM'L". 3 6oioci>, ^to caMt r. Eapa6^eBCKiS e^^Ba.-JiH ceptesHO 
c^HxaeTt Mena npoxHBHHKOMi. CBo6ofl,H 3ani;HXH. Ho bo BcaKOMi 
cjiy^ai, ecJiH ^BaOT^TB .i6ti samHXH ne nay^njiH r. Kapafi^ieBCKaro, 
^xo ^Q7Rj[j CBo6o;i;oK) 3aiii;HTH H He-KoppeKTHocxBH) es. npieMOBi Htxt 
HH^ero o6m:aro, xo, KOHe^HO, ne mohmi» *cjia6HMt cnjiaM-L ;n;ocxHrHyxb 
axoro. OrpaHH^ycB noexoMy jthhil neMHorHMH cjiOBaMH. 

r. Eapa6^eBCKifi KaKi» 6yji;xo oxoacecxBJiaex'L HHxepecH ryMan- 
HOCXH ci> HHxepecaMH a^BOKaxypH. Moe npe;i;cxaBJieHie o coBpe- 
MeHffOMi GjA^ H^cKOJiBKO HHoe H HO j^ocycKaexi cxojiB npocxoro 
Kpnxepia. SamHxa ne Bcerji;a ^ KasexcH mh^ ryManHOfi xojibko no- 
TOMy, ^TO ona — samHxa, o6BHHeHie ne Bcerji;a npej^cxaBJiaexca npo- 

THBHHMt ryMaHHOCXH XOJILKO HOXOMy, »IXO OHO— o6BHH«Hie. 3 3HaK), 

qxo Bt npaKXHK^ coBpeMennoft ajUBOKaxypn nixi KaKo8-jiH6o ee- 
nepexo^HMoft rpaHHn;H Meac;i;y 3ain;HxoS n o6BHHeHieM'B, qxo a;i;B0- 
KaxH Hept;i;KO ^^McxByioxt 3% HHtepecaxi nocJI^;^Ha^o, BHcxynaa, 
HanpHMipi», b:e pojrn rpaacfl;aHCKHX'L HcxniOBi Bt yrojiOBHOMi» npo- 
necci H cxoa bi axoMi. cjiy^ai, necoMHtHHO, „Ha xo^k* 3p'6Hiii 

o6BHHHXeJWl". Cl» ^pyrofi CXOpOHH MH* CJIHinKOM'B XOpOfflO HSB-fecXHO 

H xo, ^xo coBpeMeHHLifi cyjii'B ;i;ajieKx. oxi iTji;eajia ne bi> o^^hom^ 
jiHinB oxHonieHiH, — ^xo ohi 3Haexi» npaBa, Koxoptia xpy;i;HO samir- 
Bi;axB, HO 3Haex'L h npaBonapynieHk, KOXopHa xpy^fio o6BHHaxB. 
Yace OAHH axn coo6paaceHi)i ne hosbojijiiox^ mh^ c^HxaxB BcaKyio 
aamHxy Befl;yniieio k^b xopacecxBy EHxepecoBx, ryManHOcxH h BwiKie 
npieMH 3an];HXH npHsnaBaxB npaBHJiBHHMH, pa3'B hmh fljocxHraexcii 
'CMar^enie yrojiOBHOfi penpeccin. IIpHBe^eHHHMH cooSpaaeeHiaMH, 
KOHe^HO, He HcqepnHBaexca ODxe BonpocB, ho pa3BHBaxB hxi» ;n;stJi*e 
e^Ba-jiH cxoHXT, B-B BH^y Heaceaania r. Kapa6qeBCKaro nepefixn b% 


*) MajieHBKafl ne;i;po6HocTi>. Bt> nncBM^^ r. KapaoieBCRaro roBopHTca: ^r. xpo- 
HnRepi) «He orop^eH-B* TfeMi., tto HacTyxoBT* bm^cto Herupex^ Mi^cflo.eB'B TiopbHu, 
nojiy^HjTB ji.B'h, He^'fejiB apecra^. Cjiobt>^ nocTaBJie^ux^ r. Kapa6ieBCRiiH'i> b'b 
KaBUiKH, onflTB-xaRH H'l^T'B B'B Moeft xpoHHK'l^ B OHH npHHa^jeHcaTB CaHOMJ 
ABTopy nscBMa. 


186 


PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 


CBOHXi BoapameHiflxii na ^pHH^H^iaJ[BHyH) no^By. Ci cBoefl cto- 
poHBi H roTOB^ HCKpeHHO HoacajiiTfc o6t 3T0MI HeacejiaHiH. Epn 
BceMX o^eBH^Hoifb HecxoJiicTB^ HamHX'B B3rjiir;ii;oB'E npEHi^Hni^&HHfi 
euop'E Mon> 6h, mh^ KasexcH^ hm^tl HtKOiopoe BHa^enie, cnoco6- 
CTBya BHHCHeniio o6m,aro h ;i;ajieKO He np^^Haro Bonpoca. nyTeMi 
ate $aKTH^ecKaro onpoBepacenia r. Kapa6qeBCKiS, 6ok)cb, onpoBeprB 
cjiHinKOMt HeMHoroe es% Toro, ^to xoTijii onpoBeprnyTL. Ho 06^ 
3T0Mt nycTB cyffHTx qHTaTejiL. 

B. MflKOTHH-b. 


OnEHATKH. 


Bt MapTOBCKOft KHHHCK'fe, B^ CTaTb'fe ^TCOpifl TpyAOBOM CTOMMOCTM**, 

cji&ji;yerL c;i;i&jiaTi> HcnpaBJienia: 

HaneHamauo Hado 

Ha 38 CTp. 16 CTpoKa ee. cysur]^ ctohmocth cyMui^ noTpe6EiTejii>H0H 

CTOHMOCTQ 

ycTaHOBjieHHue pasM'j^pu ycranoBJieHie pasifi^pa 

1 CH. wh Tex. DOCTynaTejibHofi cusl^ nocTynaTeju>HOM'i> xo;i.'i^ 

8 CH. „ npHBo;i,HTL ero npiiBOABTB 

21 CH. „ €o6cTBeHHafl cy6'i>eKTHBHaji 


„ 40 „ 10 

I) ^2 „ 

» ^1 ?? 


J? 




OBtflBJlEHIfl. 187 

HOBAaKHHTA; 

JLutnepamtfpHoe ^tbJio. 

CBOPHHKlb. 

EbK HiipHKOB'b. Ha jUBOp'b bo ^jusrejii^. Eumoeun Kapmuuu. — CKHTajiei;i>- ntcHB 
CKBTajibE^a. Cmuxonieopeui/i. — Ear. Tapjie Hs-b ncTopin o6mecTBOBi;ii'feHia b-b Poc- 
eiH. — TaHTj. Ha KpacHOMTb KaMfffe. Iloorbcmh. — A. M. BepdoB-b. Gmuxomeopenin. — 
B. EoryMapcKiA. Jl,eKa6pHCT'i>-JiHTepaTop'B AjreKcaHfl;pi» OcnnoBHH'b KopHHJioBB^'b. — 

B. Bepecaeei*. Ha acTpa;;^. 9cKtL3i. — C. EyjiraKOBi>. Bacnei^OBi), J^ocToeBCKifi, Bjl. 
CojioBteBi. H TojiCToft. napoAMAu. — A. JlyKbflHOB'b. Cmuocomeojpeuin- — B. I. Amm- 
TpioBa. BojiKs. Pa3CKa3^. — HNKOJiaH BepAflGBi*. Ki* ^hjioco^Ih Tp&Teji,m. Mopucb Me- 
mejpAUUKh.— Bac. BpycfiHMH'b. n-fesy'iaH raTapa. PewcKo^^.— FaflMHa. CmiixoineopeuiA.— 
CKNTajiei;i>. ATamaH-B. Pa3CKa3^. — 3. K. MaKCHMi* FoptKifi b-b nHOCTpaHHot Kpa- 
THKt. — TaH^b. CmuxameopeHie. — MBaHi* HoBNKOB'b. flea ouepKa: 1) K-b hchshh^ 2) Jlan- 
^Bnuu. — MBaHis CTpaKHMKi*. Hsi) HacxpoeHifi coBpeMeHHo^ (|)paHi]^y3CRoS[ jraxepa- 
TypH. — Bji. MypNHOB-b. CKaHAajTB. TaacKas^. ripoij). EBr. AHHHKOB-b. Bhjibhm'b Mop- 

pncB H ero yronHHecKift poMaHB. 

C.-nemep6ypi^f 1902 e, lin>Ha 2 p, 25 Hon. 

CKJiafli-B HSAanifl npn THnorpa^in A. IE. Ko^nuncKazo. Cn6., KoHHafl yji., ;ii;. 3 — 5. 

nopTpeTHafi rajiJiepeii EsponeiiGKHxi) nHcaTeiieii. 

I unuiH wb cB^TB H HocTynHjiH B-B npo;i;a)Ky nopTpeTu (<J)OTOTHniji Ha 
KapTOH^, pasutpa 25X^5 cairr.) CJlt;^yK)I^HX'B nncaTejieft h MyauKaHTOB'B; B. 
B-fejTHHCKaro, H. forOJiH, A. FepBtena, M. FoptKaro, H. Ji;o6pojiio6oBa, 9. ^oc- 
ToeBCKaro, 6. KopojieHKO, MejuBmnna (H. H.), H. MnjiioROBa, H. MnxaBJiOBCKaro» 

C. HaAcona, H. HeKpacosa, M. OajiTUKOBa (UJ^eAp.), Bji. CojOBBeBa, JI. TojiCToro, 
r. ycnencKaro, H. ^epHHrnescKaro, A- Hexona, T. HleBHenKO, A. Be6ejiir, 
r. Hocena, ^, JEaccajiH, K. MapKca, Fioh ;^c Monaccana, <l>. HH5ine, FI. ^aflKOBCKaro. 

UtHa nopTpera 35 k. KpoMt HasBaHHuxB Bume, nocrynHJiB bb npoAawy io6NjieiiHuii 
noprpeTB H. B. ToroJifl 6ojibiuoro (|>opMaTa (35X51 caHT.). I^tna 50 k. 

npuMfbuauie: Hpn BunncK^ nopTpCTOB-B H. B. ForojiH npocmrB yKaauBaTB 
paaH^pB HX^ HjiH n;ifeHy, npn OTcyTCTBin TanoBUXB yKasaHid 6y;i;yTB BtiCBUtaTBCii 
nopTpeTU o6uHHaro <|)opMaTa b-b 35 k. 

FoTOBHTca K'B ne^aTH! 1) nopTpeiH (^opMaxa 25X35 canT., b-b 35 k.) 
WyKOBCKaro, Aji. TojicToro, FoptKaro, h HlajiHnHHa BM-fecxi, BepHinTefiHa, Kayx- 
CKaro, HncapeBa h mh. ^p. m 2) nopTpeTti 6ojii>moro ({)opMaTa (35X51 canx., 
i^i^Ha 50 K.) JI. TojcToro, JlepMOHTOBa, HyniKHHa. 

Bet nopTpcTH HcnojiHeHJbi b-b THDorpa^in h (|)0TOTHniH C. B. KyjiBjaeHBO. 

B£inncuBaH)iii,ie cpaay ne Mente 50 nopTpexoB'B nojiyHaiOT'B ycxynKy b-b 
20Vo c'B jxjkahi H CBepx'B Toro ne njiaTAT-B 3a nepecwjiKy. 

HpoAasca npoH3Bo;D[,HTCH ncKjiioHHTejiBHO 3a HajiHHHHM pasc^CTB.' 

BuQBCKa CB Hajio»ceHieMi> njiaTcata AonycKaeTca. 

HepecujiKa 1 — 3 nopxpeTOB'B o6biHHaro (fiopmaTa b-b npe;i,oxpaHHTejibHofi nanK-fe 
saKasHOM 6aH;i,epojii>io ctoht^b 21 k., 4 — 5 nopxpeTOBB 23 k., 6 — 7 — 25 R.;j6oJibtuo- 
ro f|)opMaTa 1 nopxpeTa 23 k., 2—25 k., 3 — 29 k., 4—31 k. 

Hpn neoojibniHXB sanasax^b ctohmocxb nxTb moskho BBicujiaxB iiohxobbimh 
MapKaMB. 

Hfliiioxcfl n3Hii;HE)iH nanKH cb Ha;i;nHCBK) sojioxomt,: «nopxpexHafl FajiJiepefi 
EBponeucKHxi> nncaxejiefi*. H^'i^Ha KOJieHKopoBuxi) — 1 py6. 20Kon., 6yMaH;HHX^ — 
60 Kon. ycxynKa 207^. 

JlHua, BunncHBaioiaiH ne Mente 4 nanoK'B no 1 p. 20 k., hjih ne Mente 6 

no 60 K., HJIH BUHHCHBaiOimifl HXT> BM-fecxt CB HOpxpCXaMH (hG MCH-fee 50 3K3.) 

3a nepecujiKy ho njiaxHXB. 

Cb 3aKa3aMH npocax-B o6pan;aTLca iCL HSflaTeouHzi^i B5p5 IleTpoBHi BoflOBoao- 
soft (Kiesi, J[£BOBCicaS) 29) hjih bij cKjan;!) n3;^aHift b-b KHnacHufi Mara3HH'B BceB0> 
jio;i;a HonoBa,— KieB-B, <^yH;^yKJieeBCKafl yjmii,a, 4. 


188 PyOCKOJl BOrATCTBO. 

HOBAfl KHHTA: 

A MEJlbLUI/IHTa 

„nACbIHKH }KH3Hr. PaaeKasH, 

HsAanie pe^aKuiH jKypnajia „PyccKoe BorarcTBo". 

Hifhua lpy6. 


3HI^KJ[0nEAHHECRlfi CjEOBAPL. 

(HRHaTbiR npoc)). H. E. AHAPEECKHMl)). 

nOflt PEAAKIIJEfi 

K. K. APCEHbEBA h saciysenHaro npo(i)eccopa 8. 8. IIETPTIIIEBCKArO 

/ 

f 

npH eoynaeTiH penaKTopoBT> 0Tfltji0Bi> 

IIpo^. A. H^' BeKeroB-B (6iojiorH^. Haywi), C. A. BeerepoB'B (ncTopin jniTepa- 
Typu), npo$. A. H. BoeftROB'B (reorpa<j[>ifl), npo^. H. H. Kapi^eB'B (Hcxopui), A. H. 
OoMOB'B (H3flii;H. HCKyccTBa), npo4». A- H- MeH^i^eji'i^eB'B (xHMBSo-TexHni. n ^a6- 
pHHHO-sasoA-)* npo^. 6. T. Co6H^eBCKifi (cej&cRo-zosHficTBeHiiift n jd^coBO^cTBo) 
3. JI. Pa^JiOBOb (^Hj[Oco(|)ia), npo^. H. 0. CojiOBbeBi> (MysuKa). 

8Hi](iou[oneAH^dOsiH CJ[OBap& bltxo^bt^' KaHc;i;bie ji^Ba ifi^cnna nojiyro 
Mam/, wb 30 jiuct. y6opHCToft ne^aTH. Bi» HacTOHiAee BpeMfl Bunum 67 nojiyroMOB'B. 
Il^tea sa Ra»CAi>iS nojiyroMi* (b'b nepenjier^) 8 py6., sa ;i;ocTaBKy 40 Kon. 

CjiOBapB o6HnMaeT% co6oh> cs'i^A'^HiA no Bci^ifB OTpacjiHM'B HayKT>, ncRyccTBii. 
jDiTepaTypEi, BCTopm, npoMKiujieHHocTH B iipflKJiaAHLirB sHaniS. 

TeRcn* noM']^ii^eMLixT> b'b cjioBap*]^ craTeft cocraBjuieTCH caMOCTOflrejiBHO pyc- 
€KBMB yneHUMB B cneii^iajEBCTaMB, npa m^wh Bce Racaioii^eecfl Poccifl o6pa6oTEii- 
BaercH HaB6oj['J^e nojHO n Tii^aTejobHo. 

3afl/ieHi8 o noAnHCKt npHHHMaiOTCfl: b-b KOHtopi Hcyp- 
Hajia „PyccKoe BoraxcTBO" — neTep6ypnb, yi. Gmxy 

CKOti u EacKoeou t/A., d. 1 — 9. 

flonvcKaeTCfl oascDOHKa "" ""** ^""""-'- '^" "^r"? 

^viijwitMvi w«i |#Mvv|«w iitM BHOcBTca 3a;iaT0Ki» otb 10 pyo., 
nocjrj^ ?ero BEj;i;aK)TCH BU'i^ioiiuecH Ha-jmi^o nojiyTOMii; oexasBHaH cyicHa ;i;oja*a 
BHiuta^BBaeTCH esReH^cHiHSMB B3HocaMu 0TT> UIECTH py6jieft, HesaBBCHHO otb 
njiaTeiReft, iipoB3Bo;i;BMurB sa ocrajiBHue nojiyroMu. 

Haj^axeiB: <l>. A. BpoRrayaB (JlefiniiHrB), H. A. Eij^poffB ('C.-IIeTep6yprB). 


PeAaRTopu-naAaTejuL* \ rr ;r 


Ropo^ewKO* 


^osB. i;eH3. Cn6., 25 anp^jia 1902 r. TBnorpa<)>iH H. H. KAo6yKOBa, XIpasRa, 3. 


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THE BORROWER WIU BE C 
AN OVERDUE FEE IF TMIS 
NOT RETURNED TO TME LIBI 
OR BEFORE THE LAST DATE ) 
BELOW. NON-RECEIPT OF < 
NOTICES DOES NOT EXEH 
BORROWER FROM OVERDUE 


STAL 

CH 


