a  I  B  RAFLY 

OF   THE 
UNIVERSITY 
Of    ILLINOIS 

C 
H2GaC 

1920/21 


CENTRAL  CIRCULATION  BOOKSTACKS 

The  person  charging  this  material  is  re- 
sponsible for  its  renewal  or  its  return  to 
the  library  from  which  it  was  borrowed 
on  or  before  the  Latest  Date  stamped 
below.  The  Minimum  Fee  for  each  Lost 
Book  is  $50.00. 

Theft,  mutilation,  and  underlining  of  books  are  reasons 
for  disciplinary  action  and  may  result  in  dismissal  from 
the  University. 

TO  RENEW  CALL  TELEPHONE  CENTER,  333-8400 
UNIVERSITY   OF    ILLINOIS    LIBRARY  AT   URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 


DEC  0  ?  m 
MAR  0  6  1995 


When  renewing  by  phone,  write  new  due  date  below 
previous  due  date.  L162 


OFFICIAL  REGISTER  OF 
HARVARD   UNIVERSITY 


VOL.  XIX  FEBRUARY  24,  1922 


NO.  5 


REPORTS  OF  THE 

PRESIDENT  AND  THE  TREASURER 

OF  HARVARD  COLLEGE 

1920-21 


THE.  LIBRARY  CF  THE 


CAMBRIDGE,  MASSACHUSETTS 
PUBLISHED  BY  THE  UNIVERSITY 


REPORTS  OF  THE 

PRESIDENT  AND  THE  TREASURER 

OF  HARVARD  COLLEGE 


1920-21 


CAMBRIDGE 
PUBLISHED  BY  THE  UNIVERSITY 

1922 


c 


CONTENTS 


PAGK 

PRESIDENT'S   REPORT 5-34 

REPORTS   OF   DEPARTMENTS:  — 

The  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences 35-40 

The  College 41-47 

Athletic  Sports 48-52 

The  Graduate  School  of  Arts  and  Sciences   .     .     .  53-68 

Committee  on  Instruction 69-109 

The  Engineering  School 110-114 

The  Graduate  School  of  Business  Administration  .  115-156 

The  School  of  Architecture 157-160 

The  School  of  Landscape  Architecture      ....  161-168 

The  Graduate  School  of  Education 169-184 

The  Bussey  Institution  and  the  Harvard  Forest     .  185-189 

The  Divinity  School 190-201 

The  Law  School 202-209 

The  Faculty  of  Medicine 210-218 

The  Dental  School 219-224 

Scholarships  in  the  Medical  School 225 

The  Library 226-232 

Appleton  Chapel  and  Phillips  Brooks  House      .     .  233,  234 

The  Gray  Herbarium 235-239 

The  Botanic  Gardens 240,241 

The  Botanical  Museum 242,  243 

The  Arnold  Arboretum 244-246 

The  Chemical  Laboratory 247-250 

The  Jefferson  Physical  Laboratory 251,252 

The  Cruft  Laboratory 253,  254 

The  Psychological  Laboratory 255,  256 

The  Observatory 257-263 

The  Blue  Hill  Observatory 264,  265 

The  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology     .     .     •     .     .  266-270 

3 


4  CONTENTS 

REPORTS   OF  DEPARTMENTS  {continued). 

The  Zoological  Laboratory 271-273 

The    Peabody   Museum    of   American  Archaeology 

and  Ethnology 274-278 

The  Semitic  Museum 279,  280 

The  Fogg  Art  Museum 281-287 

Harvard  University  Press 288,  289 

University  Extension 290-294 

Radcliffe  College 295-298 

APPENDIX:  — 

The  Committee  on  Admission 299-304 

Hygiene 305 

The  Medical  Adviser 306-309 

Physical  Education 310-312 

The  Appointment  Office: 

Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences 313-321 

Student  Employment 322-324 

Degrees  Conferred 325 

INDEX 326 


TREASURER'S    STATEMENT 


PRESIDENT'S  REPORT 

1920-21 

To  the  Board  of  Overseers  :  — 

The  President  of  the  University  has  the  honor  to  submit 
the  following  report  for  the  academic  year  1920-21. 

The  report  of  last  year  began  with  a  lament  over  the  finan- 
cial deficit  caused  by  the  general  rise  in  prices  and  by  the 
increases  in  salaries  and  expenses  resulting  therefrom.  In 
spite  of  the  magnificent  gifts  by  the  alumni  to  the  Endow- 
ment Fund,  the  deficit  for  the  year  covered  by  that  report 
was  $161,000.00,  and  a  statement  was  made  that  this  would 
be  more  than  doubled  for  the  year  then  current.  The  proph- 
ecy proved  true,  for  the  deficit  in  the  academic  year  just 
passed  has  been  $338,305.32.  The  subscriptions  to  the 
Endowment  Fund  at  Commencement  in  1920  amounted  to 
over  $12,000,000,  of  which  $6,210,000  had  been  actually 
received.  At  the  close  of  the  financial  year  covered  by  this 
report  the  subscriptions  reached  $13,789,746.74,  and  the 
amount  paid  in  $8,751,501.11.  Since  nearly  one  half  of  the 
subscriptions  are  payable  in  annual  instalments,  over  a 
period  of  five  years,  it  will  be  some  time  before  the  whole 
amount  is  received. 

Among  the  objects  for  which  the  Endowment  Fund  was 
raised,  the  first  was  to  increase  the  salaries  of  the  instruct- 
ing staff.  As  explained  in  the  last  report,  this  was  done  in 
accordance  with  the  advice  of  a  committee  composed  mainly 
of  representatives  of  the  various  departments  of  the  Uni- 
versity; and  the  increase,  which  was  none  too  large,  will 
consume  the  whole  income  from  the  Endowment  Fund,  even 
when  all  is  paid  in.  To  meet  the  growth  in  other  expenses,  due 
to  the  rise  in  prices,  an  increase  in  the  tuition  fees  was  sug- 
gested. This  question  was  referred  to  a  committee  consisting 
of  the  President  and  Treasurer,  two  other  members  of  the 
Corporation,  the  Deans  of  the  College  and  the  professional 


6  INCREASE  OF  TUITION  FEES 

schools,  with  Professors  C.  H.  Moore,  J.  D.  M.  Ford,  E.  H. 
Warren,  F.  W.  Peabody,  and  L.  F.  Schaub.  The  teaching 
staff  of  the  University  was  thus  represented.  The  committee 
reported  a  plan  which,  with  the  approval  of  the  various 
Faculties  concerned,  the  Governing  Boards  adopted.  It 
provided  that  beginning  with  September,  1921,  in  the  Col- 
lege, the  Graduate  School  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  the  Schools 
of  Engineering,  Architecture  and  Landscape  Architecture 
and  the  Bussey  Institution,  the  fees  for  all  students,  whether 
previously  in  the  University  or  not,  should  be  $250.  It  pro- 
vided further  that  the  fee  for  a  single  course,  instead  of  $25 
as  heretofore,  should  be  $65,  or  in  proportion  to  the  fee 
charged  for  a  full  year's  work.  Hitherto  an  undergraduate 
who  completed  his  college  work  in  the  normal  four  years  paid 
$800;  whereas,  if  he  completed  it  in  three  years,  taking  the 
same  number  of  courses,  he  paid  $600  in  annual  fees  and 
$100  for  the  four  additional  courses  needed  to  make  up  the 
number  required  for  the  degree.  Thus  he  paid  only  $700  in 
all.  Now  the  student  who  remains  four  years  will  pay  $1000, 
and  the  three-year  student  $1010.  The  fact  that  the  men 
who  go  through  college  in  three  years  take  as  many  courses 
as  the  others  is  not  the  only  reason  why  they  should  pay 
the  same  tuition  fee.  In  all  the  departments,  except  those 
dealing  with  mathematics  and  natural  science,  there  is  a 
general  final  examination  for  graduation;  and  in  preparing 
therefor  special  assistance,  for  which  no  fee  is  charged,  is 
given  to  the  student  by  means  of  Tutors  or  other  counsellors 
at  no  small  expense.  It  may  be  added  that  in  the  courses  in 
natural  science  until  1913  a  laboratory  fee,  which  has  now 
been  abolished,  was  charged.  The  only  undergraduates,  be- 
side the  three-year  men,  affected  by  the  increase  of  the  fee 
for  a  single  course  are  those  who  desire  to  take  more  courses 
than  are  required  for  graduation,  and  those  who  by  failure  in 
one  course  are  obliged  to  take  another.  There  is  no  reason 
why  either  of  these  classes  of  students  should  not  pay  in  pro- 
portion to  the  ordinary  tuition  fees;  and,  in  regard  to  the 
former,  it  may  be  observed  that  if  they  do  not  desire  personal 
instruction  they  may  attend  the  lectures  in  any  course  with- 
out charge.    Hardship  caused  to  students  of  high  grade  and 


INCREASE  OF  TUITION  FEES  7 

small  means  by  the  change  in  the  annual  tuition  fee  has  been 
met  by  increasing  scholarships  by  the  same  amount. 

For  three  departments  of  the  University  the  tuition  fee 
has  not  been  raised.  Under  the  agreements  for  affiliation  with 
us  the  neighboring  theological  schools  charge  their  students 
the  same  fee  as  our  Divinity  School;  and  it  seemed,  there- 
fore, inadvisable  to  increase  our  fee.  The  question  is  not  of 
much  importance  because  of  the  sad  fact  that  a  student 
rarely  attends  the  School  without  a  scholarship;  and,  in 
one  form  or  another,  the  same  thing  is  generally  true  of  the 
theological  schools  of  the  country.  The  practice,  which 
began  about  a  century  ago,  of  striving  to  secure  students 
by  giving  them  a  free  education  is  probably  one  of  the 
principal  reasons  why,  save  in  a  few  rich  city  parishes,  the 
ministers  of  religion  are  grossly  underpaid.  Beginning  their 
career  as  recipients  of  charity,  to  a  degree  that  other  profes- 
sional students  are  not,  they  are  placed  from  the  outset  in 
an  unfortunate  position  which  results  in  a  still  more  un- 
fortunate attitude  of  the  community  toward  them.  The 
condition,  however,  is  one  that  no  single  school,  or  local 
group  of  schools,  can  remove. 

The  Law  School  and  the  School  of  Education  were  in  a 
peculiar  situation.  Both  had  established  their  fees  at  $200 
for  the  year  then  current  —  the  Law  School  by  raising  its 
fee  from  $150,  the  School  of  Education  because  it  had  just 
opened  its  doors.  In  neither  case  did  it  seem  wise  to  increase 
fees  so  recently  announced.  The  only  change  in  their  case 
has  been  the  restoration  for  students  in  all  the  Cambridge 
departments,  except  the  School  of  Business  Administration, 
of  the  annual  fee  of  $5  for  medical  attendance  and  the  use  of 
the  Stillman  Infirmary. 

The  School  of  Business  Administration,  which  has  little 
endowment,  and  had  been  meeting  its  expenses  largely  by 
the  help  of  initial  guarantees  which  were  expiring,  felt  the 
need  of  increasing  largely  its  revenues.  If  the  instruction 
it  provides  is  of  high  value  the  financial  benefit  to  those  who 
receive  it  should  be  large.  The  Faculty,  therefore,  proposed, 
and  the  Governing  Boards  agreed,  to  raise  the  tuition  fee 
to  $400;  provision  being  made  by  a  loan  fund  for  students 


8  INCREASE  IN  STUDENTS 

who  could  not  otherwise  afford  to  enter  the  School.  The 
Medical  and  Dental  Schools  were  also  to  some  extent  in  a 
position  peculiar  to  themselves;  and,  in  fact,  the  fee  in  the 
Medical  School  was  raised  to  $300  for  all  students  thereafter 
entering  the  School;  that  in  the  Dental  School  to  $200  for 
all  students  at  the  School  in  September,  1921. 

The  increase  of  the  tuition  fees  does  not  seem  to  have 
affected  the  number  of  students  in  the  various  departments 
to  which  they  apply.  Certainly  the  numbers  in  all  but  one 
of  these  departments  have  increased.  The  figures  at  the 
end  of  October  in  1920  and  1921  were  as  follows: 

1920  1921 

College 2542               2681 

Graduate  School  of  Arts  and  Sciences 540                  578 

Engineering  School 213 

School  of  Architecture 


58  73 

School  of  Landscape  Architecture    j 

School  of  Business  Administration 444  468 

Medical  School 439  472 

Dental  School 234  205 

Bussey  Institution 17  21 

The  decrease  in  the  Dental  School  is  due  to  requiring  for 
the  first  time  one  year  of  college  work,  instead  of  accepting 
for  admission  graduation  from  a  high  school.  The  change 
has  been  agreed  upon  by  the  leading  dental  schools  of  the 
country,  and,  while  amply  warranted  by  the  growing  rec- 
ognition of  the  importance  of  dental  medicine,  it  may  be 
expected  to  result  in  a  diminution  in  the  students  of  these 
schools  for  some  years.  In  neither  the  Medical  School  nor 
the  School  of  Business  Administration  can  the  students 
increase  materially,  because  both  have  limited  the  size  of 
their  entering  classes.  The  former  has  for  its  entering  class 
a  limit  of  one  hundred  and  twenty-five,  the  latter  of  three 
hundred.  This  last  limit,  despite  the  large  number  of  ap- 
plications, was  not  quite  reached,  because  a  few  men  whose 
applications  had  been  accepted  failed  to  come  after  others 
had  been  turned  away.  The  policy  of  limiting  numbers  will 
be  discussed  later  in  this  report. 

The  increase  in  the  number  of  students  in  the  College  is  a 
source  of  difficulty.    Not  in  the  matter  of  instruction,  for 


LACK  OF  DORMITORIES  9 

that  can  be,  and  is,  provided,  although  some  of  the  courses 
have  grown  very  large.  In  this  connection  it  may  be  noted 
that  the  former  criticism  of  some  of  the  populous  courses  as 
too  easy,  and  as  sometimes  unruly,  has  ceased.  They  have 
all  become  more  serious  than  they  were  a  score  of  years  ago, 
and  the  disturbances  that  took  place  in  class-rooms  at  that 
time  have  long  disappeared.  For  many  years  there  has  been 
no  question  about  maintaining  order.  The  chief  difficulty 
caused  by  the  size  of  the  Freshman  class  lies  in  the  lack  of 
sufficient  dormitories.  The  policy  of  housing  as  large  a  part 
of  the  students  as  possible  in  college  dormitories  is  one  whose 
importance  has  been  felt  by  the  colleges  of  the  country;  and 
many  of  them,  especially  the  endowed  institutions,  have  of 
late  erected  many  such  buildings,  and  have  received  large 
gifts  for  the  purpose.  We  have  outgrown  ours.  The  Fresh- 
man Halls  contain  rooms  for  five  hundred  men,  including 
proctors  —  enough  when  built  for  the  entering  class,  except 
for  the  Freshmen  who  preferred  to  live  at  home;  but  now 
the  newcomers  have  increased  much  beyond  that  limit. 
The  number  of  Freshmen  this  year  who  do  not  live  at  home 
is  about  seven  hundred.  Some  of  them  have  found  rooms 
in  the  neighborhood,  taking  their  meals  in  the  Halls,  but 
many  have  been  disappointed  and  feel  that  they  are  at  a 
disadvantage  in  not  entering  upon  their  college  life  in  in- 
timate contact  with  their  classmates.  For  the  upper  class- 
men also,  and  for  professional  students,  there  is  a  dearth 
of  rooms,  especially  in  University  buildings  where  they  are 
thrown  together  in  that  atmosphere  of  comradeship  which 
adds  greatly  to  the  value  of  education  in  common.  This  is 
particularly  needful  in  an  institution  surrounded  by  a  city 
growing  ever  more  densely  crowded.  There  is  no  form  of 
memorial  more  impressive  and  more  enduring  than  a  col- 
lege dormitory. 

The  demand  for  rooms  in  the  Freshman  Halls  has  been 
made  even  greater  than  the  increase  in  the  number  of  stu- 
dents entering  by  examination  would  have  rendered  it,  by 
a  new  method  of  classifying  men  coming  from  other  colleges. 
In  my  last  report  attention  was  drawn  to  the  rapid  growth 
in  the  number  of  these  men,  and  it  was  suggested  that  it 


10  WHENCE  THE  STUDENTS   COME 

would  be  better  if,  instead  of  being  treated  as  unclassified 
and  therefore  without  membership  in  a  class,  they  were  at 
once  assigned  to  the  class  in  which  they  most  nearly  belong. 
This  has  been  done;  those  who  have  not  completed  work 
equivalent  to  that  of  the  first  year  here  being  treated  pro- 
visionally as  Freshmen;  those  who  have  completed  as  much 
as  our  first  year's  work,  but  not  that  of  two  years,  being 
treated  as  Sophomores;  those  with  two  years'  work  or  more 
as  Juniors;  while  none  are  rated  as  Seniors.  This  has  re- 
sulted in  classifying  students  from  other  colleges  as  follows: 
Freshmen  107,  Sophomores  78,  Juniors  19.  It  may  be  ob- 
served that  the  total  number  of  undergraduates  in  Harvard 
College  coming  from  other  colleges  is  204,  as  against  283 
last  year.  The  diminution,  which  is  due  in  part  to  dislike 
of  a  rating  in  a  lower  class  than  had  been  hoped,  and  in  part 
to  our  refusal  of  applicants  who  had  failed  in  any  course 
elsewhere,  is  not  a  subject  of  regret.  While  we  are  hospitable 
to  students  coming  from  other  colleges,  it  is  not  desirable 
that  their  numbers  should  be  very  large,  and  still  less  that 
they  should  come  here  without  entering  fully  into  the  life 
of  the  College. 

A  member  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences  returning 
from  a  journey  through  the  West  and  Southwest  was  much 
impressed  by  what  he  had  heard  of  the  loss  by  the  University 
of  its  hold  upon  other  parts  of  the  country;  and,  in  fact, 
everyone  who  talks  with  the  men  from  western  cities  receives 
the  same  impression.  In  order  to  prepare  himself  for  a  dis- 
cussion of  the  subject  in  the  Faculty  he  compiled  statistics 
on  the  residence  of  Harvard  students  in  the  different  depart- 
ments of  the  University  for  a  period  of  two-score  years.  In 
explaining  diagrams  exhibiting  these  figures  he  remarked 
that  they  proved  the  opposite  of  what  he  had  expected.  It 
appeared  that  in  the  College,  and  in  substantially  every 
department  of  the  University,  the  proportion  of  students 
residing  outside  of  New  England  had  increased,  and  with 
growing  rapidity  in  the  last  dozen  years.  It  appeared  also 
that,  as  compared  with  most  other  universities,  the  student 
body  at  Harvard  is  singularly  widely  distributed  in  its 
places  of  origin.    The  charts  are  to  be  published  in  the 


RESERVE  OFFICERS  TRAINING  CORPS  11 

Alumni  Bulletin,  and  with  the  consent  of  the  editor  are  re- 
produced as  an  appendix  to  this  report. 

The  report  of  last  year  stated  that  the  number  of  students 
in  the  Reserve  Officers'  Training  Corps  was  not  likely  to 
increase  considerably  in  the  near  future.  Under  the  excel- 
lent direction  of  Major  Goetz  they  have  in  fact  doubled. 
There  are,  at  time  of  writing,  204  men  enrolled,  of  whom 
125  are  Freshmen.  The  Corps  is  an  artillery  unit;  and  while 
this  is  a  more  interesting  arm  of  the  service  than  the  in- 
fantry, it  involves  expense.  It  requires  a  large  number  of 
horses,  which  are,  indeed,  supplied  by  the  War  Department, 
and  for  a  couple  of  years  were  kept,  by  the  kindness  of  the 
Massachusetts  National  Guard,  in  the  State  Armory  across 
the  river.  But  the  National  Guard  now  requires  all  the 
space  in  the  Armory  for  its  own  horses,  and  the  University 
has  been  compelled  to  build  stables  of  its  own.  The  obvious 
place,  remote  enough  from  dwelling  houses,  was  on  some 
part  of  Soldiers  Field,  if  a  site  could  be  found  that  would  not 
interfere  with  the  play  grounds.  Now  the  most  distant  part 
of  this  Field  was  given  to  the  University  by  Mr.  Henry  W. 
Longfellow.  It  was  then  a  marsh,  opposite  his  house,  and 
he  attached  to  his  gift  a  provision  restricting  future  build- 
ings in  terms  understood  to  exclude  stables.  The  ground 
has  since  been  so  changed  in  character,  by  filling  creeks  and 
covering  much  of  the  marsh,  that  the  old  landmarks  have 
been  largely  obliterated.  Nevertheless,  it  proved  possible 
to  find  the  old  lines  well  enough  to  select  a  suitable  site 
outside  of  the  land  he  gave;  and  there  stables  for  the  horses, 
and  quarters  for  the  soldiers  detailed  to  the  Corps,  have 
been  built.  The  construction  of  these  buildings  is  another 
illustration  of  our  good  fortune  in  the  opportunities  for 
sports  and  exercise,  the  more  remarkable  because  the  Uni- 
versity is  practically  situated  within  a  large  city.  Mr.  Long- 
fellow's gift,  the  purchase  of  some  land  adjoining,  and  the 
generosity  and  foresight  of  Major  Henry  L.  Higginson  have 
furnished  the  students  with  ample  space  for  exercise  of  all 
kinds  on  land;  while  the  raising  of  the  river  by  the  Charles 
River  Dam  has  supplied  abundant  chance  for  rowing.    At 


12  ATHLETIC   SPORTS 

one  time  last  spring  there  were  thirty-two  eight-oared  crews 
practising  regularly. 

The  mention  of  Soldiers  Field  suggests  a  discussion  of 
athletic  sports.  The  Faculty,  anxious  about  the  amount  of 
time  consumed  in  the  practice  for  intercollegiate  games,  ap- 
pointed a  committee  to  inquire  into  the  matter.  After  a 
very  careful  investigation  it  reported  that  the  practice, 
judged  either  by  the  time  occupied  or  by  the  standing  of 
the  players,  was  not  such  as  to  interfere  seriously  with  the 
academic  work  of  men  training  for  the  teams;  but  that  it 
did  interfere  with  the  work  of  the  managers,  and  still  more  of 
the  candidates,  for  such  positions.  The  amount  of  time  spent 
by  them  in  this  way  was  obviously  excessive  and  unneces- 
sary, and  steps  have  been  taken  by  the  athletic  authorities 
to  reduce  it  in  future. 

A  more  difficult  question  is  raised  by  the  nature  of  the 
intercollegiate  football  games.  The  public  interest,  which 
was  formerly  concentrated  on  the  Yale  game  in  a  greater 
degree  than  it  is  now,  has  extended  to  those  with  other 
colleges;  and  this  year  the  attendance  at  the  whole  series 
has  been  larger  than  ever  before.  Although  the  severity  of 
the  injuries  suffered,  and  especially  the  danger  to  life,  have 
been  materially  diminished  by  the  changes  in  the  rules  made 
a  dozen  years  ago,  football  remains  a  rough  and  strenuous 
sport  in  which  injuries  are  often  received  that  impair  the 
efficiency  of  the  players  for  a  couple  of  weeks,  or  more.  In 
order,  therefore,  to  keep  them  in  good  condition  for  the  two 
principal  games  with  Princeton  and  Yale  at  the  close  of  the 
season  it  has  been  the  habit  to  keep  out  of  the  games  with 
other  colleges  some,  or  in  many  cases  all,  of  the  members  of 
the  first  eleven,  playing  in  fact  a  second  team.  This  has  been 
a  source  of  complaint.  To  arrange  a  match  with  another 
college  and  then  not  put  on  the  field  our  regular  team,  but 
an  eleven  composed  of  substitutes,  has  been  criticized  as 
unsportsmanly;  and  yet  what  else  can  be  done  if  to  play  in 
these  games  is  almost  certain  to  cripple  some  members  of 
our  team  before  it  has  reached  its  maturity  of  training? 

Criticism  has  been  directed  also  to  our  refusal  to  play 
games  off  our  own  field  except  with  Princeton  and  Yale. 


ATHLETIC  SPECTACLES  l.'J 

Such  a  policy  has  been  alleged  to  be  exclusive  if  not  arrogant. 
Based  upon  the  same  feeling  is  the  demand  that  Harvard 
ought  to  play  with  more  teams  from  other  parts  of  the  coun- 
try; and  at  its  last  meeting  the  Associated  Harvard  Clubs 
passed  a  vote  urging  that  our  eleven  should  play  with  one 
of  the  great  colleges  of  the  Middle  West,  in  alternate  years 
at  the  Stadium  and  on  the  field  of  that  college.  If,  like  the 
professional  baseball  leagues,  the  object  of  the  college  foot- 
ball teams  is  to  carry  on  a  contest  for  national  champion- 
ship it  is  not  quite  clear  how  these  demands  can  be  proved 
unreasonable.  But  the  Faculty,  assuming  that  education 
is  the  prime  object  of  the  College,  is  of  opinion  that  the  mem- 
bers of  the  team,  their  substitutes,  managers,  etc.,  cannot 
be  absent  from  Cambridge  more  than  they  are  now  without 
detriment  to  their  studies. 

The  present  policy  in  college  football  has  not  been  the 
result  of  a  deliberate  plan.  It  has  grown  up  by  a  considera- 
tion of  the  questions  presented  year  by  year,  and  is  not  based 
upon  any  principle  recognized  as  imperative  by  faculties, 
alumni  and  spectators.  The  public  interest  in  the  sport,  as 
a  spectacle,  has  become  general  over  the  country,  and  has 
increased  markedly  since  the  war.  It  has  tended  to  give 
excessive  importance  to  college  athletic  contests.  That  in- 
tercollegiate matches  have  a  distinct  value  in  stimulating 
sports,  which  are  the  best  form  of  physical  exercise  in  youth, 
few  people  would  be  inclined  to  deny;  but  the  single  boat 
race  between  Oxford  and  Cambridge  on  the  Thames,  and 
the  cricket  match  between  those  universities,  supplemented 
in  each  case  by  a  series  of  intramural  contests,  has  been 
enough  to  stimulate  unflagging  interest  in  those  sports 
among  the  students.  Judging  from  the  effect  of  the  race  at 
New  London  one  may  ask  whether  or  not  the  same  plan 
would  be  sufficient  in  football.  The  necessity  of  maintaining 
for  this  purpose  a  public  spectacle  attended  by  thousands  of 
spectators  every  Saturday  throughout  the  autumn  is  cer- 
tainly not  clear;  and  whether  it  ought  to  be  maintained  for 
any  other  object  is  a  matter  worth  consideration.  Like 
many  other  questions  touching  the  direction  of  undergradu- 
ate life  this  is  one  that  affects  all  American  colleges,  and  it 


14  THE  PROFESSIONAL  SCHOOLS 

would  be  well  for  faculties,  administrators  and  governing 
bodies  to  consider  afresh  the  proper  place  of  public  inter- 
collegiate athletic  contests  in  the  scheme  of  education. 

For  the  condition  in  detail  of  the  professional  schools,  and 
of  the  museums  and  other  collections,  the  reader  is  referred 
to  the  reports  of  the  Deans  and  Directors,  which  exhibit  the 
wide  range  of  activity  in  the  University  as  a  whole.  From 
small  beginnings  it  has  now  grown  to  be  a  vast  and  complex 
organism,  and  the  mere  administration  of  its  expenditures 
has  become  increasingly  difficult.  Now  that,  in  the  gross, 
these  have  reached  more  than  five  million  dollars  a  year,  the 
functions  of  Comptroller  and  of  Secretary  to  the  Corpora- 
tion have  grown  too  extensive  for  any  man  to  handle;  and 
Mr.  Francis  W.  Hunnewell,  who  has  been  invaluable  as 
Comptroller  for  nine  years  and  as  a  Secretary  for  eight,  has 
felt  obliged  to  give  up  the  former  position.  We  have  been 
fortunate  in  securing  as  Comptroller  Mr.  Frederick  S.  Mead, 
who  has  already  effected  notable  improvements  in  account- 
ing and  in  methods  of  operation. 

The  Law  School  has  again  increased  in  size,  its  students 
now  numbering  almost  one  thousand.  Yet  by  dividing  into 
two  sections  under  different  professors  the  classes  of  the 
first  year,  and  some  of  those  of  the  second  year,  it  has  proved 
possible  to  conduct  efficiently  the  traditional  method  of 
instruction.  A  reference  to  the  charts  in  the  Appendix  will 
show  to  what  an  extent  this  School,  like  some  of  the  others 
in  the  University,  is  now  drawing  its  students  from  distant 
parts  of  the  country,  especially  from  the  South. 

The  School  of  Engineering  is  showing  a  gradual  and 
healthy  growth.  Subject  to  a  prescription  of  certain  courses 
preliminary  to  applied  science,  the  Freshman  year  is  taken 
in  the  College,  and  in  fact  the  strictly  technical  subjects  are 
mainly  taken  in  the  third  and  fourth  years.  The  Freshman 
is  treated  as  a  student  in  the  College,  but  may  register 
either  there  or  in  the  Engineering  School.  Since  he  may 
register  in  the  College  although  he  intends  to  pursue  engi- 
neering, and  still  more  in  case  he  has  not  definitely  made  up 
his  mind,  the  number  of  men  registered  in  the  Engineering 
School  is  not  a  complete  indication  of  its  actual  growth. 


THE  PROFESSIONAL  SCHOOLS  15 

Two  changes  have  been  made  in  its  curriculum.  One  of 
these  is  the  introduction  in  the  midst  of  the  studies  in 
Cambridge  of  a  period  of  work  in  an  engineering  establish- 
ment to  give  practical  experience  and  observation.  This 
plan  has  been  tried  with  success  elsewhere  and  appears  to  be 
showing  good  results  here.  The  other  innovation  is  a  com- 
bination of  engineering  and  business.  Courses  amounting 
to  a  year's  work  may  be  taken  in  the  School  of  Business 
Administration,  and  in  that  case  the  combined  curriculum 
covers  five  years.  This  prepares  the  student  for  executive 
work  in  which  many  men  with  an  engineering  training  find 
their  greatest  opportunity  for  usefulness. 

The  School  of  Landscape  Architecture  has  been  doing 
excellent  work,  particularly  in  the  development  of  city 
planning.  The  profession,  although  of  growing  importance, 
can  hardly  have  a  large  membership ;  and  hence  the  number 
of  students  cannot  be  expected  to  become  large.  Architects 
will  always  be  more  numerous,  and  our  School  of  Architec- 
ture should  grow  in  size;  but  the  fact  that  it  admits  only 
college  graduates  as  candidates  for  a  degree,  and  that  the 
value  of  the  broad  general  education  given  in  college  is  not 
yet  fully  appreciated  by  the  public,  impedes  its  growth. 
Nevertheless,  the  students  in  the  School  have  increased  this 
autumn,  and  we  are  looking  forward  to  strengthening  the 
School  by  the  coming  of  a  teacher  of  design  who  has  dis- 
tinguished himself  in  France.  Jean  Jacques  Haffner,  winner 
of  the  Prix  de  Rome  at  the  Ecole  des  Beaux  Arts  in  1919, 
has  been  appointed  Professor  of  Architecture,  and  will  take 
up  his  duties  at  mid-years. 

The  School  of  Education  has  been  prosperous  in  its  first 
year,  and  fills  a  need  long  felt  in  this  community.  Last  year 
it  had  118  students.  It  has  now  155;  but,  since  this  also  is  a 
graduate  school,  we  must  look  not  to  its  numbers,  but  to  the 
quality  of  the  standard  it  maintains.  One  of  the  greatest 
services  such  an  institution  can  render  is  an  investigation  by 
scientific  methods  of  actual  results  in  education.  The  sub- 
ject is  in  a  very  slight  degree  capable  of  experimentation, 
because  one  has  no  right,  in  order  to  ascertain  their  effect,  to 
try  upon  children  forms  of  training  which  are  not  believed 


16  THE  SCHOOL  OF  PUBLIC  HEALTH 

to  be  best  for  them.  Knowledge  must  be  obtained  by  the 
methods  of  those  sciences  that  depend  upon  observation. 
There  is  abundant  and  accurate  material  for  this  in  the 
records  of  schools,  colleges  and  professional  institutions,  and 
of  late  years  it  has  been  studied,  but  as  yet  only  in  small  part 
explored. 

After  deprecating  in  last  year's  report  any  branching  out 
into  new  fields  of  work  it  may  seem  strange  to  announce  the 
creation  of  a  School  of  Public  Health.  But  in  fact  it  is  not 
a  new  departure.  It  is  the  development  in  systematic  form 
of  work  that  has  long  been  carried  on.  For  years  we  have 
been  conducting,  in  concert  with  the  Massachusetts  In- 
stitute of  Technology,  a  School  of  Public  Health;  and  in 
the  Medical  School,  departments  of  Industrial  Hygiene,  of 
Tropical  Diseases  and  others  germane  to  this  general  field. 
The  Rockefeller  Foundation  suggested  to  us  last  spring  that 
these  agencies  should  be  combined  in  one  School,  to  be  organ- 
ized under  a  distinct  Faculty  while  retaining  an  intimate 
relation  with  the  Faculty  of  Medicine.  The  Foundation 
proposed,  if  this  were  done,  to  assist  in  developing  the 
School.  The  suggestion  was  in  the  direction  of  expanding 
what  we  have  been  doing,  and  was  accepted  gladly.  The 
sums  of  money  now  expended  on  the  departments  to  be  in- 
corporated in  the  School  represent  the  income  on  a  capital 
of  more  than  three  million  dollars.  To  this  the  Foundation 
has  agreed  to  add  over  a  million  and  a  half,  and  eventually 
half  a  million  more,  on  condition  that  the  University  con- 
tributes the  income  on  an  additional  million.  A  considerable 
part  of  this  can  be  appropriated  from  the  income  of  the 
DeLamar  bequest.  The  School  will  have  for  its  object  both 
instruction  and  research  in  the  field  of  public  health,  and  its 
courses  will  be  open  freely  to  students  in  the  Medical  School. 
In  fact,  some  of  the  courses  in  each  will,  no  doubt,  form  a 
part  of  the  regular  curriculum  in  the  other;  for  many  of  the 
subjects  dealt  with  are  of  necessity  common  to  both  Schools, 
neither  of  which  would  be  complete  without  a  close  associa- 
tion with  the  other.  To  maintain  constant  harmony,  Dr. 
Edsall,  the  Dean  of  the  Medical  School,  will  also  be  the  Dean 
of  the  School  of  Public  Health,  while  many  of  the  professors 


LIMITATIONS  OF  NUMBERS  17 

will  be  members  of  both  Faculties.  The  plans  for  the  organ- 
ization of  the  School  are  now  under  consideration  by  a  com- 
mittee composed  of  future  members  of  its  staff. 

The  limitation  of  the  number  of  students  in  the  Medical 
School  and  the  School  of  Business  Administration  has  already 
been  noted.  In  the  latter  case  it  is  intended  to  be  temporary 
until  such  time  as  the  increase  in  the  instructing  staff  and 
the  provision  of  a  building  of  its  own  make  enlargement 
possible.  For  a  type  of  education  largely  novel  there  is  no 
reason  to  regret  that  expansion  is  for  the  moment  impeded. 
In  the  Medical  School  also  it  may  be  hoped  that  the  pres- 
ent limit  of  125  students  in  the  first-year  class  is  temporary. 
Nevertheless,  it  is  a  policy  adopted  deliberately  by  many  of 
the  best  medical  schools  of  the  country  in  the  belief  that 
an  increase  in  numbers  would  involve  less  careful  instruction 
of  the  individual  student.  The  question  is  not  a  simple  one 
to  be  decided  on  abstract  principles,  and  it  is  likely  to  be 
more  insistent  in  the  future  than  it  has  been  hitherto.  Even 
in  some  of  the  colleges  the  rapid  growth  in  numbers  has 
brought  the  limitation  of  admissions  prominently  forward. 
Institutions  for  higher  education,  whether  maintained  at 
public  expense  or  by  private  endowment,  exist  not  for  their 
own  benefit,  but  for  the  public  service,  and  owe  a  duty  to 
the  community.  They  are  bound  to  receive  as  many  stu- 
dents as  they  can  educate  effectively.  To  balance  a  closer 
attention  to  the  few  against  somewhat  less  care  bestowed 
upon  a  larger  number  is  not  an  easy  problem.  It  involves 
the  important  question  of  the  selective  function  of  education. 
If  the  smaller  number  are  admitted  the  weaker  students 
among  them  can  by  more  individual  instruction  be  enabled 
to  attain  the  standard  required  for  graduation.  If  the  larger 
number  are  received  the  students  with  greater  natural  abil- 
ity are  not  likely  to  suffer  as  much  as  those  with  less  ability, 
and  many  of  the  latter  will  be  eliminated  in  the  process.  No 
doubt  where  the  numbers  are  limited  an  attempt  is  made  to 
admit  only  those  applicants  most  competent  to  profit  by  the 
instruction.  This  is  done  in  certain  professional  schools. 
Admission,  for  example,  to  the  Ecole  Centrale  and  Ecole  des 
Beaux  Arts  at  Paris  is  obtained  by  a  rigid  competitive  ex- 


18  COST  OF  MEDICAL  EDUCATION 

amination;  and  that  is  possible  where,  as  in  France,  the 
schools  throughout  the  country  are  so  nearly  on  the  same 
level  that  an  examination  of  this  kind  is  a  fair  test  of  pro- 
ficiency. But  it  would  not  be  a  fair  test  in  this  country,  ex- 
cept to  the  extent  that  it  eliminates  those  distinctly  unfit 
for  the  work  they  will  be  called  upon  to  do.  This  last  object  is 
a  sufficient  reason  for  admission  examinations  to  the  colleges 
that  retain  them,  and  to  us  it  seems  to  be  justified.  But  any 
further  limitation  by  examination  or  otherwise  must  be  in 
large  measure  arbitrary,  and  therefore  objectionable  if  it  can 
be  avoided.  Whether  it  can  be  avoided  or  not  is  a  question 
that  may  in  several  directions  force  itself  upon  our  in- 
stitutions of  higher  learning,  and  requires  very  careful 
consideration. 

In  the  medical  schools  there  is  another  question  involved. 
The  cost  of  all  education  has  risen  largely,  and  in  the  case 
of  medical  schools  it  has  in  recent  years  become  prodigious. 
This  is  no  doubt  due  in  part  to  the  great  extension  of  medical 
knowledge  and  the  number  of  subjects  with  which  prac- 
titioners must  have  some  acquaintance,  many  of  them  such 
as  can  be  learned  only  by  careful  and  prolonged  observation 
in  the  laboratories  and  clinics.  Yet  the  cost  has  reached  a 
point  where  we  must  ask  ourselves  how  much  can  properly 
be  spent  on  medical  education,  and  how  much  a  community 
can  afford  to  pay  for  it.  We  ought  to  inquire  whether  by 
improved  methods  the  vast  equipments  of  medical  schools 
and  hospitals  cannot  be  used  to  better  advantage  than  they 
are  now,  and  thereby  students  who  now  go  to  less  highly 
developed  schools  be  enabled  to  obtain  the  benefit  of , those 
schools  which  are  more  fully  equipped. 

The  School  of  Business  Administration  has  developed 
systematically  the  plan  of  teaching  by  means  of  problems. 
The  aims  and  merits  of  this  method  are  discussed  fully  in 
the  report  of  Dean  Donham,  and  the  progress  in  preparing 
case  books  of  business  problems  is  therein  described.  The 
plan  suggests  interesting  questions  touching  objects  and 
methods  in  education. 

There  are  many  such  objects  which  persist  throughout 
the  whole  course  of  teaching  from  infancy  to  the  professional 


TEACHING  BY  PROBLEMS  19 

school.  Without  venturing  to  touch  upon  the  vexed  ques- 
tion of  the  extent  to  which  acquired  capacities  can  be  trans- 
ferred from  one  subject  to  another,  and  without  purporting 
to  be  exhaustive,  one  may  mention  among  the  specific  objects 
of  education  in  any  given  field  or  at  any  given  level:  the 
imparting  of  information;  the  training  of  memory;  the 
training  of  observation,  perception,  discrimination  and  taste ; 
training  the  power  of  analysis  and  synthesis;  and  training 
the  art  of  expression.  All  these  qualities  can  be  developed 
by  various  processes,  of  which  we  have  far  too  little  exact 
knowledge;  and  more  than  one  of  them  is  in  fact  stimulated 
by  almost  any  method  of  teaching.  Important,  indeed 
necessary,  as  all  of  them  are  there  is  no  quality  among  them 
more  valuable  than  that  of  analysis  and  synthesis,  that  is 
the  capacity  to  sift  from  a  number  of  facts  or  ideas  those 
which  are  essential  to  the  matter  in  hand,  to  discover  their 
relation  to  one  another,  and  thus  disclose  their  significance. 
This  capacity  is  of  vital  consequence  in  the  domain  of  ab- 
stract thought  and  of  pure  science,  and  not  less  in  the  con- 
duct of  practical  affairs.  But  it  is  one  of  the  most  difficult 
objects  to  attain,  and  like  all  others  it  is  acquired  mainly  by 
practice.  We  learn  to  do  by  doing.  Yet  it  would  appear  to 
have  received  until  recent  years  less  consideration  in  Ameri- 
can study  of  education  than  it  deserves.  It  would  seem  also 
that  it  can  be  effectively  cultivated  throughout  the  whole 
course  of  systematic  training  from  the  beginning  to  the  end. 
If  in  what  follows  reference  is  made  only  to  what  is  done 
here,  it  is  not  that  similar  methods  are  not  pursued  else- 
where, but  that  one  must  seek  examples  in  the  region  with 
which  he  is  most  familiar. 

For  half  a  century,  under  the  name  of  the  case  system, 
devised  by  Professor  Langdell,  the  practice  of  presenting 
problems  to  be  solved  by  discussion  between  the  instructor 
and  student  has  been  applied  in  our  Law  School  as  the  chief 
method  of  teaching.  The  problems  are  presented  in  the 
form  of  actual  cases  that  have  been  decided  in  court;  and 
these,  selected  and  arranged  in  the  order  required  to  bring 
out  the  successive  points  in  the  subject  matter  of  the  course, 
are  printed  in  case  books,  so  that  before  the  class  meets  the 


20  TEACHING  BY   PROBLEMS 

students  may  have  read  those  that  will  come  up  for  con- 
sideration. The  discussion,  keen  and  eager,  conducted  by 
a  process  of  trial  and  error  with  many  false  starts  on  the 
part  of  the  students,  evolves  the  principle  which  the  instruc- 
tor designed  to  bring  out.  It  is  not  a  quick  method  of  im- 
parting the  principles  and  rules  of  law.  Ground  can  be 
covered  much  more  rapidly  by  lectures  or  by  reading  text 
books,  but  this  gives  nothing  like  the  same  ability  to  deal 
with  the  kind  of  problem  that  confronts  the  lawyer  in  his 
practice.  Nor  do  lectures  or  textbooks  give  the  same  in- 
tellectual stimulus.  The  vehemence  with  which  students, 
meeting  in  their  rooms,  at  meals,  or  on  street  corners,  discuss 
actual  or  hypothetical  cases  is  the  glory  of  our  Law  School 
and  accounts  for  much  of  its  attraction  and  success.  The 
case  method  does  not  appear  to  develop  in  a  marked  degree 
the  imaginative  quality  that  makes  the  original  jurist;  but 
it  forms  the  habit  and  capacity  of  analysis  and  synthesis  as 
nothing  else  does.  Its  value  has  been  shown  by  the  kind  of 
practicing  lawyers  it  has  produced,  by  the  application  for 
our  students  on  the  part  of  legal  firms,  and  by  the  spread- 
ing of  the  system  throughout  the  better  law  schools  of  the 
country. 

This  is  the  method  that  has  been  adopted  in  a  systematic 
form  in  the  School  of  Business  Administration,  where  the 
instruction  has  more  and  more  taken  the  form  of  problems 
to  be  discussed  and  solved  by  the  students  under  the  guid- 
ance of  the  instructor.  It  is  deemed  the  best  preparation  for 
active  business  life,  because  the  decision  of  questions  by  the 
banker,  the  manufacturer,  the  merchant  or  the  transporter 
consists  in  discerning  the  essential  elements  in  a  situation 
and  applying  to  them  the  principles  of  organization  and  of 
trade.  His  most  important  work  consists  of  solving  prob- 
lems, and  for  this  he  must  have  the  faculty  of  rapid  analysis 
and  synthesis. 

The  facts  required  to  present  a  problem  to  a  student  must 
be  within  his  reach.  Those  needed  for  a  point  of  law  are 
neither  numerous  nor  complex,  and  can  be  set  forth  in  a 
comparatively  brief  statement  of  the  case,  often  in  short 
pleadings.    In  business  problems  it  is  usually  much  more 


TEACHING   BY   PROBLEMS  21 

difficult  to  state  the  facts  concisely,  but  it  has  been  found 
possible  to  do  so  in  a  space  short  enough  for  the  purpose. 
Books  of  problems  are,  therefore,  being  prepared  and  printed 
as  rapidly  as  possible.  Collecting,  arranging,  and  printing 
these  problems  is  expensive,  and  the  more  difficult  owing 
to  the  small  endowment  of  the  School.  The  problems  are 
taken  in  the  main  from  actual  experience,  and  are  often 
supplied  by  business  men  who  are  now  dealing  with  them  or 
have  recently  done  so,  the  names  and  circumstances  being 
so  concealed  as  to  prevent  identification. 

To  some  extent  a  corresponding  method  of  study  is  used 
under  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences  where  the  subject 
matter  does  not  lend  itself  to  short  problems  easily  stated 
and  quickly  solved.  For  many  years  it  has  been  the  practice 
in  the  more  advanced  courses  in  the  College  and  the  Grad- 
uate School  to  supplement  the  lectures  and  reading  by  giv- 
ing out  topics  for  investigation  and  report  by  the  students. 
These  are  largely  in  the  nature  of  problems,  requiring  ana- 
lytic and  constructive  thought,  as  well  as  industry  and 
discrimination  in  collecting  the  material.  Such  topics,  if 
wisely  selected,  have  the  added  merit  of  stimulating  interest, 
for  a  person  at  any  age  is  dull  indeed  who  is  not  interested  in 
solving  a  problem  on  which  he  is  at  work.  In  fact  an  under- 
graduate not  infrequently  derives  his  first  real  intellectual 
appetite  from  an  investigation  for  a  report  of  this  kind.  In 
history  the  practice  of  giving  out  subjects  for  reports  was 
begun  by  Henry  Adams  when  he  was  Professor  in  the 
seventies. 

The  suggestion  has  already  been  made  that  the  method 
of  teaching  by  problems  can  be  effectively  applied  through- 
out the  whole  course  of  education  from  the  beginning  to  the 
end.  But  the  difficulty  in  framing  problems  such  that  the 
information  required  for  their  solution  is  within  the  grasp 
of  the  pupil  is  much  greater  in  childhood  than  in  youth; 
and,  therefore,  in  the  elementary  and  secondary  school  a 
child  has  not  usually  the  knowledge  required  for  a  solution 
of  problems  in  history  or  economics,  in  literature  or  in  most 
of  the  natural  sciences.  But  there  are  subjects  within  his 
range.    To  the  writer  it  has  seemed  that,  quite  apart  from 


22  TEACHING   BY   PROBLEMS 

the  literary  heritage  of  the  classics  whose  value  to  the  stu- 
dent comes  only  after  struggling  with  the  language,  one  of 
the  chief  merits  of  the  old  school  regimen  of  Latin,  Greek 
and  mathematics  lay  in  its  constant  presentation  of  prob- 
lems that  needed  no  greater  knowledge  than  the  child  pos- 
sessed. Mathematics  is,  of  course,  essentially  a  series  of 
problems,  beginning  with  arithmetic  and  running  at  school 
through  algebra,  geometry  and  sometimes  trigonometry. 
In  fact  it  is  almost  impossible  to  teach  mathematics  except 
by  the  problem  method.  The  same  thing  is  true  in  the 
study  of  the  ancient  languages.  The  boy  is  confronted  by 
a  Latin  sentence  to  be  translated.  He  has  to  determine 
whether  a  word  is  a  noun,  a  verb,  or  what  other  part  of  speech ; 
if  a  noun,  in  what  number,  case  and  gender;  if  a  verb,  in  what 
mood,  tense  and  person.  Then  he  has  to  consider  what  the 
appropriate  part  of  the  word  should  be,  and  look  that  up  in 
the  lexicon.  From  these  words,  whose  sense  and  whose  place 
in  the  syntax  he  had  discovered,  he  must  construct  a  sentence 
with  a  rational  meaning.  The  whole  process  is  that  of  solv- 
ing puzzles  or  problems,  at  first  by  making  the  boy  discover 
the  meaning  of  a  few  words  and  put  them  together  in  simple 
sentences,  but  gradually  involving  more  complex  forms  of 
speech,  and  leading  up  to  the  interpretation  of  the  thoughts 
of  authors  of  greater  and  greater  difficulty;  yet  all  the  while 
within  the  scope  of  his  command  of  facts.  It  has  been  said 
that  the  process,  good  for  those  who  take  a  real  interest  in 
it,  is  not  much  use  for  others.  But  the  experience  of  one 
who  at  that  time  was  not  much  interested  in  study  leads 
him  to  believe  that  almost  all  fairly  intelligent  boys  derive 
no  small  profit  from  these  efforts  at  translation;  although  it 
may  be  admitted  that  the  profit  is  greater  to  those  who  have, 
or  can  be  given,  a  purpose  for  their  effort.  Latin  grammar 
learned  by  rote  in  the  old-fashioned  way  has  seemed  to  the 
writer  of  little  or  no  educational  value.  Like  the  multipli- 
cation table,  the  grammar  with  its  rules  and  lists  of  excep- 
tions is  doubtless  necessary  as  a  tool,  and  furnishes  part  of 
the  difficulties  encountered  in  solving  the  problems  presented 
by  translation.  But  it  would  seem  to  be  the  series  of  prob- 
lems themselves  that  are  of  use  in  training  the  mind. 


TEACHING   BY   PROBLEMS  23 

Modern  languages  can,  of  course,  be  used  for  this  purpose, 
instead  of  the  classics,  but  their  structure  is  less  well  adapted 
therefor,  and  the  authors  read  less  adapted  to  stimulate 
immature  minds.  Of  the  other  modern  subjects  taught  in 
the  schools  physics  is  the  only  one  that  lends  itself  readily 
to  teaching  by  problems.  For  various  reasons  many  of 
them  are  highly  important;  some  of  them  for  the  knowledge 
with  which  children  should  be  equipped,  others  as  tools  for 
future  use.  But  there  is  a  danger  of  failing  to  cultivate  the 
habit  of  independent  analysis  and,  synthesis,  of  solving 
without  assistance  problems  simple  enough  for  the  elements 
to  be  grasped,  yet  difficult  enough  to  require  personal  effort. 
This  danger  has  been  the  greater  by  reason  of  the  preva- 
lence of  direct  instruction  by  the  teacher,  as  compared  with 
the  earlier  practice  where  study  by  oneself  played  a  larger 
part.  Men  whose  recollections  of  school  go  back  fifty  years 
will  remember  that  in  those  days  the  lesson  was  set  by  the 
teacher  and  worked  out  by  the  pupil  himself;  the  class 
reciting  to  the  teacher  who  corrected  mistakes  and  gave  ex- 
planations, but  imparted  little  direct  information.  The 
recitation  was  more  in  the  nature  of  an  examination  than 
of  a  lecture  or  demonstration,  and  the  whole  process  had 
more  the  character  of  self-education  than  it  has  today.  In 
later  years  mental  nourishment  was  furnished  to  the  pupil 
in  a  more  predigested  form,  requiring  less  effort  for  assimila- 
tion than  formerly.  To  change  the  metaphor,  children  were 
given  their  intellectual  experience  by  seeing  the  country  in 
an  automobile  instead  of  walking  on  their  feet.  The  distance 
covered  could  be  greater,  but  there  is  a  doubt  whether  their 
muscles  are  as  much  developed  by  being  carried  as  by  exercise, 
and  college  teachers  sometimes  complain  that  Freshmen  are 
deficient  in  the  capacity  to  think  for  themselves. 

For  the  less  vigorous  minds  direct  instruction  has  advan- 
tages. Fewer  of  them  fall  by  the  wayside;  but  for  the  more 
active-minded  there  is  something  lost.  The  selective  func- 
tion of  education,  the  sifting  out  of  those  who  can  go  farthest, 
is  not  so  well  performed  where  the  pupils  depend  less  on 
their  own  exertions.  There  are  many  ways  of  reaching  a 
desired  result,  and  in  education  there  are  many  things  that 


24  TEACHING   BY   PROBLEMS 

ought  to  be  done  without  leaving  something  not  less  im- 
portant undone;  but  apart  from  dogmatism  one  may  de- 
precate the  extent  to  which  a  neo-herbartian  philosophy 
spread  an  impression  that  the  value  of  instruction  is  in 
proportion  to  the  smallness  of  the  effort  on  the  part  of  the 
pupil. 

In  speaking  of  these  things  it  is  only  right  to  mention  the 
project  method  of  teaching  developed  in  very  recent  years. 
The  primary  object  is  to  awaken  interest  in  the  subject 
matter  by  directing  the  attention  of  the  pupils  to  an  inquiry 
or  an  undertaking  which  they  can  help  to  work  out  as  they 
proceed,  which  gives  them  a  purpose  for  their  learning 
and  a  use  for  what  they  acquire.  It  involves  a  problem,  or 
series  of  problems,  which  they  are  engaged  in  solving,  and 
is  in  fact  an  adaptation  of  the  problem  method  of  teaching. 
No  doubt  it  stimulates  an  active  interest  in  a  larger  propor- 
tion of  the  children  than  such  work  as  translation  from  an 
ancient  tongue,  but  the  latter  has  the  merit  of  inevitably 
presenting  a  constant  series  of  problems  in  the  course  of  the 
study,  and  a  subject  that  is  inherently  of  a  character  to 
require  the  solution  of  problems  possesses  a  superiority  for 
teaching  purposes.  In  the  project  method  they  grow  out 
of  the  subject  but  are  not  an  inherent  part  of  it;  and  they 
therefore  depend  more  upon  the  skill  of  the  teacher.  That 
method  is  excellent  and  the  object  of  these  remarks  is  by 
no  means  to  argue  that  the  old  is  better,  but  merely  to  sug- 
gest that  the  classical  curriculum  involved  a  process  of  train- 
ing which  many  modern  educators  have  overlooked,  and 
which  is  in  fact  more  in  accord  with  the  latest  tendencies  of 
educational  thought  than  they  have  been  aware. 

Connected  with  direct  instruction  in  school  seems  to  be 
the  aversion  of  many  teachers,  especially  in  the  West,  to 
examinations.  So  far  as  these  are  not  a  test  of  memory,  they 
involve  in  some  form  the  solving  of  problems  —  a  practice 
to  which  the  pupils  are  not  accustomed,  and  in  which  ac- 
cordingly they  do  not  appear  at  their  best.  If  they  are  in 
the  habit  of  absorbing  rather  than  giving  forth,  this  comes 
hard.  Teachers  often  feel  that  examinations  are  needless  be- 
cause they  are  aware  how  much  knowledge  the  pupil  pos- 


DEATHS  AND  RESIGNATIONS  25 

sesses,  since  they  know  what  has  been  imparted  to  him.  But 
how  much  has  been  poured  into  a  bucket  is  a  poor  measure 
of  what  it  contains  if  it  leaks,  and  children's  minds  always 
leak,  one  never  knows  how  much.  Many  teachers  regard 
examinations  not  only  as  needless,  but  as  a  sort  of  indict- 
ment of  the  pupil,  to  be  used  only  in  case  there  is  reasonable 
ground  for  believing  him  deficient;  whereas  examinations 
not  only  furnish  the  teacher  with  an  accurate  measure  of 
what  the  pupil  knows  and  how  far  he  can  use  his  knowledge, 
but,  if  properly  used,  are  an  essential  part  of  the  educational 
process.  They  should  test  not  only  memory,  but  still  more 
the  capacity  to  apply  the  knowledge  possessed.  In  other 
words,  they  should  be  to  a  very  large  extent  in  the  nature 
of  problems.  If  we  learn  to  do  by  doing,  then  there  is  for 
the  pupil  no  better  way  of  learning  than  to  be  set  occasion- 
ally to  do  things  without  assistance,  in  competition  with 
others  who  are  trying  to  do  the  same  things.  That  is  the 
essence  of  an  examination. 

During  the  academic  year  covered  by  this  report  three  pro- 
fessors on  the  retired  list  have  died.  On  October  3,  Arthur 
Searle,  Phillips  Professor  of  Astronomy,  Emeritus,  died. 
Graduating  from  Harvard  College  in  1856,  the  second 
scholar  in  his  class,  he  came  back  as  Assistant  Professor  in 
1883,  and  after  four  years  was  appointed  Phillips  Professor, 
a  chair  which  he  held  at  the  Observatory  for  twenty-five 
years  until  he  retired  in  1912.  Barrett  Wendell,  then  an 
Overseer,  died  on  February  8.  With  the  intermission  of 
a  single  year  he  had  been  Instructor,  Assistant  Professor,  and 
Professor  of  English  from  1880  until  1917  when  he  retired. 
In  the  early  period  of  his  service  he  and  Dean  Briggs  re- 
modelled the  teaching  of  English  composition,  giving  it 
substantially  the  form  it  has  ever  since  retained;  and  after 
his  resignation  he  was  engaged  in  putting  into  printed  form 
his  well  known  college  course  on  the  history  of  literature, 
only  one  volume  of  the  Traditions  of  European  Literature 
being  finished  before  his  strength  gave  out.  After  his  death 
the  University  of  Paris  did  him  the  extraordinary  honor  of 
giving  his  name  to  a  lecture  room  in  the  Sorbonne.  Pro- 
fessor Jeremiah  Smith  died  on  September  3.    He  had  been  a 


26  DEATHS  AND  RESIGNATIONS 

justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Hampshire  from  1867 
to  1874,  and  a  highly  valued  professor  in  the  Law  School  for 
twenty  years  from  1890  to  1910.  Vigorous  till  an  advanced 
age  he  inherited  longevity,  his  father  having  been  born  in 
the  reign  of  George  the  Second. 

Another  familiar  figure  was  William  Fiske  Whitney,  who 
died  on  March  4.  For  seven  years  he  was  Secretary  of  the 
Medical  School  from  1883  to  1890,  and  then  Professor  of 
Parasitic  Diseases  in  the  Veterinary  School  until  it  was  given 
up  in  1901 ;  but  his  greatest  service  was  rendered  as  Curator 
of  the  Warren  Anatomical  Museum,  a  position  which  he 
held  from  1879  until  his  death.  Under  his  charge  for  forty- 
two  years  the  Museum  grew  to  what  it  is  today.  On  January 
16  the  death  of  Lincoln  Ware  Riddle,  Assistant  Professor 
of  Cryptogamic  Botany,  cut  short  a  young  life  of  promise. 
Two  months  later,  on  March  18,  came  the  death  of  John 
Winthrop  Platner,  Andover  Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  His- 
tory and  Dean  of  Andover  Theological  Seminary.  Genial 
in  personal  intercourse,  always  cordial  in  his  relations  with 
the  Divinity  School,  his  loss  is  great  to  his  colleagues  in  both 
institutions.  In  the  summer,  one  of  our  youngest  teachers, 
Larned  Linn  Smith,  Instructor  in  Mathematics,  was  drowned 
on  the  ninth  of  August. 

Five  professors  have  retired  by  reason  of  age.  Edwin 
Herbert  Hall,  the  eminent  Rumford  Professor  of  Physics, 
had  been  a  teacher  here  for  forty  years,  and  a  full  professor 
for  twenty-six.  Paul  Henry  Hanus  had  been  Assistant  Pro- 
fessor and  Professor  of  the  History  and  Art  of  Teaching  for 
thirty  years.  During  the  earlier  part  of  the  time  he  was  the 
only  teacher  of  the  subject,  and  he  built  up  the  department 
which  has  been  transformed  into  the  new  School  of  Educa- 
tion. Edward  Laurens  Mark  has  rendered  an  even  longer 
service,  for  he  taught  Zoology  here  for  forty-four  years.  He 
was  Hersey  Professor  of  Anatomy  for  thirty-six  years,  and 
Director  of  the  Zoological  Laboratory  for  twenty-one.  John 
Lovett  Morse,  Professor  of  Pediatrics  in  the  Medical  School, 
is  a  younger  man,  but  after  an  arduous  service  of  a  score  of 
years,  in  the  later  period  as  head  of  the  department,  he  felt 
obliged  to  resign.    Edward  Stevens  Sheldon,  Professor  of 


NEW  APPOINTMENTS  27 

Romance  Philology,  had  the  longest  service  of  all.  He  was 
Instructor  in  Italian  and  Spanish  for  one  year  after  graduat- 
ing from  the  College  in  1872,  returned  in  1877,  and  remained 
continuously  until  he  retired.  His  learning  in  philology  is 
enormous. 

After  the  completion  of  the  last  Quinquennial  Catalogue 
Mr.  Henry  Herbert  Edes,  who  had  kindly  superintended 
its  preparation  and  publication,  resigned  the  office  of  Editor- 
in-Chief.  At  the  end  of  the  year  Lincoln  Frederick  Schaub, 
who  had  taught  Commercial  Law  in  the  School  of  Business 
Administration  since  it  was  established,  and  had  served  as 
its  Secretary  and  as  Acting  Dean,  resigned  to  accept  an  im- 
portant commercial  position.  As  Dean  of  the  College  Henry 
Aaron  Yeomans  had  a  deep  influence  on  the  moral  tone  of 
undergraduate  life,  but  on  accepting  the  position  he  stated 
that  he  could  hold  it  only  five  years,  and  at  their  expiration 
he  resigned.  After  a  sabbatical  year  abroad  he  will  return 
to  take  up  again  his  duties  as  Professor  of  Government.  His 
successor  is  Professor  Chester  Noyes  Greenough,  who  filled 
the  position  in  1919-20,  while  Dean  Yeomans  was  Exchange 
Professor  in  France  and  Director  of  the  American  University 
Union  there. 

During  the  past  year  only  two  new  appointments  of  pro- 
fessors have  been  made :  those  of  Oscar  Menderson  Schloss, 
Professor  of  Pediatrics  in  the  Medical  School,  and  of  Maurice 
de  Wulf ,  Professor  of  Philosophy.  The  latter  holds  a  chair 
in  the  University  of  Louvain,  and  first  came  to  us  after  the 
German  invasion.  He  is  now  to  spend  half  his  time  there 
and  half  of  it  at  Harvard.  The  Directorship  of  the  Observa- 
tory, left  vacant  by  the  death  of  Professor  Pickering,  has 
been  filled.  Harlow  Shapley,  of  the  Mount  Wilson  Observa- 
tory at  Pasadena,  came  here  in  the  spring  with  the  title  of 
Observer,  Professor  Solon  Irving  Bailey  continuing  for  the 
time  to  be  the  Acting  Director  as  he  has  done  since  the 
vacancy  occurred.  This  autumn  Mr.  Shapley  has  been  ap- 
pointed Director,  and  Professor  Bailey  will  take  charge  of 
the  Observatory  at  Arequipa. 

The  promotions  to  permanent  professorships  have  also 
been  less  in  number  than  last  year.   In  the  Faculty  of  Arts 


28  PROMOTIONS  AND  EXCHANGES 

and  Sciences  there  were  five,  of  whom  three  were  already 
associate  professors.  William  Guild  Howard  was  appointed 
Professor  of  German,  Walter  Raymond  Spalding,  Professor 
of  Music,  and  Alfred  Marston  Tozzer,  Professor  of  Anthro- 
pology; while  James  Ford  was  appointed  Associate  Professor 
of  Social  Ethics,  and  Grinnell  Jones,  Associate  Professor  of 
Chemistry.  In  the  Medical  School,  Francis  Weld  Peabody, 
already  Associate  Professor,  was  made  Professor  of  Medicine; 
Alexander  Forbes  was  appointed  Associate  Professor  of 
Physiology,  and  Charles  Morton  Smith  Clinical  Professor  of 
Syphilology.  Manley  Ottmer  Hudson  was  appointed  Pro- 
fessor of  Law;  and  Henry  Vincent  Hubbard,  Professor  of 
Landscape  Architecture. 

The  exchanges  of  professors  with  other  universities  and 
colleges  have  continued  as  heretofore.  Lawrence  Joseph 
Henderson,  Professor  of  Biological  Chemistry,  represented 
Harvard  in  France;  and  it  was  a  pleasure  to  welcome  here 
Henry  Guy,  Dean  of  the  Faculty  of  Letters  and  Professor 
of  French  Literature  at  the  University  of  Toulouse.  Of  the 
Western  colleges,  Edward  Waldo  Forbes,  Director  of  the 
Fogg  Art  Museum,  visited  Carleton,  Beloit  and  Knox; 
while  George  Howard  Parker,  Professor  of  Zoology,  went 
to  Grinnell,  Colorado  and  Pomona. 

Beside  the  payments  of  subscriptions  to  the  Endowment 
Fund,  and  the  sums  paid  by  the  Trustees  of  the  Estate  of 
Gordon  McKay,  and  by  the  Carnegie  Foundation  on  account 
of  pensions,  the  gifts  and  legacies  received  during  the  year 
reached  the  sum  of  $2,463,492.01,  the  single  gifts  of  $25,000 
or  more  being  as  follows: 

Anonymous  Fund  No.  4: 

Additional $50,000.00 

Mrs.  Walter  Rathbone  Bacon,  Estate  of: 

"Edward  R.  Bacon  Art  Scholarships" 40,621.76 

Class  op  1896: 

Addition  to  previous  gifts  for  Twenty-fifth  Anniver- 
sary Fund  (making  in  all  $93,450) 45,450.00 

John  Cowdin,  Estate  of: 

Additional 44,000.00 

Joseph  R.  DeLamar,  Estate  of: 

Additional,  on  account  of  his  residuary  bequest  . . .     777,772.46 
Charles  Church  Drew,  Estate  of: 

Additional,  on  account  of  his  residuary  bequest.  .  .      111,667.76 


GIFTS  AND  NEEDS  29 

General  Educational  Board: 

Toward  the  construction  of  the  new  Lying-in  Hospital  $300,000.00 
John  Hancock  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company: 

Toward  the  construction  of  the  new  laboratory  at 

the  Collis  P.  Huntington  Memorial  Hospital 30,000.00 

George  Schunemann  Jackson  Fund  for  the  purchase 

of  books  for  the  Library 39,065.34 

A.  Paul  Keith,  Estate  of: 

On  account  of  his  residuary  bequest 112,500.00 

Elliot  C.  Lee,  Estate  of: 

Bequest  of  $50,000  for  the  benefit  of  the  Harvard 

Medical  School 50,750.00 

Mrs.  John  Knowles  Paine,  Estate  of: 

To  be  added  to  the  fund  for  "The  John  Knowles 

Paine  Fellowships  in  Music  " 32,344.72 

Abel  H.  Proctor,  Estate  of: 

Bequest  of  $50,000  to  be  added  to  the  Proctor  Fund .       50, 136. 1 1 
Alfred  Tredway  White,  Estate  of: 

For  the  Department  of  Social  Ethics 44,250.00 

Mrs.  William  J.  Wright,  Estate  of: 

Bequest  to  be  used  for  medical  research 108,840.20 

After  such  a  list  of  benefactions  it  seems  ungracious  to 
speak  of  further  wants;  but  a  friend  of  the  University  re- 
marked long  ago  that  an  institution  of  learning  which  was 
not  in  need  was  not  doing  all  that  it  should.  Our  wants  are 
many,  and  it  is  invidious  to  mention  some  in  preference  to 
others.  There  can,  however,  be  no  doubt  that  the  lack  of 
proper  chemical  laboratories  is,  and  long  has  been,  our  most 
crying  defect.  Other  laboratories,  dormitories  to  house  the 
students,  and  buildings  for  the  Schools  of  Business  Admin- 
istration and  Education,  are  badly  needed  if  we  are  to  con- 
tinue what  has  been  well  undertaken.  Nor  are  buildings 
our  only  want.  Universities,  if  successful,  must  be  beggars, 
and  the  better  work  they  do  the  more  they  must  beg. 

A.  LAWRENCE  LOWELL,  President. 
Cambridge,  December  13,  1921. 


APPENDIX  TO  PRESIDENT'S  REPORT 

WHENCE  THE  STUDENTS  COME 

The  charts,  or  graphs,  that  follow  are  those  prepared  by  Professor  A.  B. 
Hart  to  show  the  distribution  of  Harvard  students  —  that  is,  the  parts 
of  the  country  of  which  they  are  residents.  Numbers  1  and  5  are  omitted 
because  not  so  valuable  for  the  purpose  of  this  appendix. 

Graph  No.  2  shows  the  growth  in  the  number  of  students  in  the  Uni- 
versity in  three  groups  —  the  College,  the  Graduate  and  Professional 
Schools,  and  the  Summer  School.  The  graph  shows  at  the  same  time  the 
part  of  the  country  from  which  the  students  come.  It  will  be  observed 
that  from  1880  to  1890  the  number  of  students  increased  considerably; 
that  from  1890  to  1900  it  increased  with  great  rapidity;  that  from  1900 
to  1912  it  remained  almost  stationary;  that  from  1912  to  1920  it  increased 
with  nearly  the  same  rapidity  as  in  the  last  decade  of  the  last  century. 
It  may  be  observed  also  that  except  for  the  summer  school,  there  was  an 
actual  decline  in  the  number  of  students  from  New  England  from  1900 
to  1912,  and  that  the  subsequent  increase  has  hardly  made  up  for  the  loss. 

Graphs  3  and  4  present  the  distribution  of  students  by  college  and 
schools  more  in  detail.  The  chart  for  the  undergraduates  shows  that  the 
number  from  New  England  was  about  the  same  in  1920  that  it  was  in  1900, 
having  in  the  meanwhile  declined;  that  the  gain  in  the  last  twenty  years 
outside  of  New  England  has  been  fairly  rapid. 

The  graph  immediately  above  this  shows  the  graduate  schools  in  the 
aggregate;  but  it  is  more  interesting  to  observe  them  in  Graph  4,  which 
takes  the  larger  ones  separately.  It  may  be  observed  that  the  Graduate 
School  of  Arts  and  Sciences  reached  a  high  point  just  before  the  War, 
which  was  not  wholly  regained  in  1920,  although  the  numbers  are  now 
increasing.  There  has  been  a  considerable  loss  in  the  Middle  West,  and 
a  distinct  gain  among  the  Far  Western  and  foreign  students.  In  the  Law 
School  the  number  of  students  from  New  England  has  distinctly  fallen 
off,  but  there  has  been  a  great  gain  from  other  parts  of  the  country,  notable 
in  the  Middle  States  and  the  Far  West,  and  especially  in  the  South.  The 
Medical  School  in  1900  was  almost  purely  a  New  England  school,  but 
the  men  from  New  England  fell  off  rapidly  when  the  four  years  and  the 
requirement  of  a  college  degree  were  introduced.  They  are  now  less 
numerous  even  than  they  were  in  1905;  but  there  has  been  a  large  growth 
from  other  parts  of  the  country,  from  which  one-half  of  the  students  now 
come.  A  similar  growth  beyond  the  borders  of  New  England  may  be 
observed  in  the  School  of  Business  Administration. 

Finally,  Graph  6  gives  the  distribution  of  students  in  a  number  of 
universities  and  colleges,  first  in  actual  numbers,  and  then  in  percentages. 
In  the  case  of  Harvard  and  Columbia  there  are  two  columns,  one  giving 
only  the  regular  students,  while  the  other  includes  the  summer  school. 
The  wide  national  distribution  of  students  at  Harvard  and  Yale  is  clearly 
seen. 


fo.hN»2.  DISTRIBUTION  of  HARVARD 

Students -/88o-i92o. 


800Q 


700CL 


mod 


5000 


400® 


3000 


200d 


ForeiqrH 
far  West/ 
'  South,// 


jQ 


-8000 


TQQDjisl.,./,  Under. 


Graduate 
6000 


Undergrad'te 


Summer 

5000^ 

Gradudto 

Under- 
Graduate 

2_ 


Summer 
School 

3000 


Edit.  Albert  Bushnell  Hart 


Graph  *  3.  Distribution  ofHahvard  Students 

BY6GR0UPS-I880I92O. 


300Q 


0000 


Foreign 
Far  West 
0 


3000J- 


300® 


Graduate  Schools 


3000 

Foreign 

r  i  Far  West 
South 

<2000 

nWest 


I  Middle  State; 

lodo 

New- 
England 


Undergraduates 


West 

2000 

iddle  State? 


1000 

New- 
England 


Ejfjit.  AIU-H    F      >.      '    Hart.  1^1    R  G.Ovrl.md 


Graph  N«4. 


DISTRIBUTION  of  GRADUATE  SCHOOLS 

BY  6  SECTIONAL  GROUPS. 
1880-/920. 


500 

400l 

i    j 

300U. 

School  1  of  Bi 

j^iess  Administration    /- 

200\: 

I       i 

j/y  | 

rod  . 

~n     i 

oL 

J \_ _ 

_  L_          1 !  __   _  .  J' 

Medical  Schoo 


Foreign  . 
Far  West 

West 

Middle  States 


Edit.  Albert  £ushneli  Hart.        Del.  RLCLCkerk- 


REPORTS  OF  DEPARTMENTS 


FACULTY  OF  ARTS  AND  SCIENCES 

To  the  President  of  the  University  :  — 

Sir,  —  I  have  the  honor  of  giving  you  a  report  on  the  work  of 
the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences  for  the  academic  year  1920-21. 

Besides  the  President,  the  Faculty  contained  one  hundred  and 
seven  Professors,  twenty  Associate  Professors,  twenty-seven  Assis- 
tant Professors,  five  Lecturers,  twenty-two  Instructors,  the  Regent, 
the  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Admission,  the  Director  of 
Physical  Education,  and  the  Recorder,  who  is  also  Secretary  of  the 
Faculty  —  in  all,  one  hundred  and  eighty-six  members. 

The  visiting  teachers  from  other  universities  and  colleges  were 
Professor  Henri  Guy,  Exchange  Professor  from  the  University  of 
Toulouse;  Professor  D.  R.  Curtiss  of  Northwestern  University; 
Assistant  Professor  H.  M.  Fitzpatrick  of  Cornell  University;  Pro- 
fessor E.  A.  Home  of  Patna  University,  India;  Associate  Professor 
H.  B.  Huntington  of  Brown  University;  Associate  Professor  C.  I. 
Lewis  of  the  University  of  California;  and  Associate  Professor 
Lindsay  Rogers  of  the  University  of  Virginia. 

Early  in  the  year  the  Faculty  again  faced  the  question  of  allow- 
ing a  group  of  students  to  lengthen  somewhat  the  Christmas  recess 
for  a  tour  in  the  West.  The  case  was  a  test  case,  since  the  petitioner 
was  the  Glee  Club,  which  has  become  a  serious  musical  organization 
doing  distinguished  work.  The  refusal  of  the  Glee  Club's  request 
established  a  precedent  which  was  applied  to  all  students'  organi- 
zations throughout  the  year :  permission  for  tours  wholly  within 
the  recess  might  be  granted;  permission  for  brief  absence  at  other 
times  was  granted  in  moderation;  the  limits  of  recesses  were  care- 
fully observed. 

The  Faculty,  however,  passed  an  unprecedented  vote  in  helping 
the  Glee  Club  to  a  tour  in  Europe  after  lectures  and  recitations 
were  over.  To  arrive  in  France  at  a  favorable  time,  the  Club  was 
obliged  to  leave  Cambridge  before  the  end  of  the  examination 
period.    Accordingly  the  Faculty  voted: 

That  final  examinations  aboard  ship  be  arranged  for  members  of 
the  Glee  Club  who  sail  on  the  proposed  concert  tour  in  Europe  be- 
fore the  end  of  the  examination  period  in  June. 

35 


36  THE  FACULTY  OF  ARTS  AND   SCIENCES 

It  was  understood  that  the  same  final  examinations  which  were 
required  in  Cambridge  should  be  given  on  shipboard  at  the  same 
hours,  just  as  they  are  given  at  Red  Top  to  the  crews.  It  was 
further  understood  that  seasickness  which  incapacitated  the  stu- 
dent should  entitle  him  to  the  make-up  examinations  given  in  the 
autumn  to  students  prevented  by  illness  from  attending  the  ex- 
aminations in  June.  The  excellent  musical  quality  of  the  Glee  Club, 
the  international  aspects  of  the  expedition,  in  particular  the  gen- 
erous interest  shown  by  the  government  of  France,  led  the  Faculty 
to  give  the  Club  every  possible  encouragement  and  aid.  The  com- 
plete success  of  the  tour  not  merely  justified  the  Faculty  but  was 
of  unmistakable  value  to  the  University. 
On  October  19  the  Faculty  voted : 

That  in  the  opinion  of  this  Faculty  an  investigation  should  be 
made  of  the  question  whether  the  present  methods  of  conducting 
certain  athletic  sports  make  unreasonable  demands  upon  the  time 
of  the  participants. 

That  a  committee  of  seven,  of  which  three  representatives  of  this 
Faculty  on  the  Committee  on  the  Regulation  of  Athletic  Sports 
shall  be  members,  be  appointed  to  collect  the  facts  necessary  to 
enable  the  Faculty  to  consider  this  question. 

Accordingly,  on  October  26  the  Committee  on  the  Investigation  of 
Athletic  Sports  was  appointed:  Professors  C.  N.  Greenough  (chair- 
man), L.  B.  R.  Briggs,  J.  L.  Coolidge,  H.  A.  Yeomans,  R.  I.  Lee, 
E.  E.  Day,  and  Mr.  Matthew  Luce.  On  April  12  this  Committee 
reported  in  part  as  follows: 

Training  seasons  vary  widely  from  one  sport  to  another,  and 
somewhat  from  year  to  year.  The  crew  usually  has  two  practice 
periods  —  an  informal  period  of  six  or  eight  weeks  in  the  fall,  and 
a  more  active  period  begun  indoors  at  the  opening  of  the  second 
half-year  and  continued  on  the  water  from  the  time  when  the  river 
is  open  until  the  race  with  Yale  in  June.  The  training  season  of 
the  track  team  differs  considerably  among  the  candidates,  depend- 
ing primarily  upon  the  events  in  which  they  compete.  For  some 
of  the  candidates  —  notably  the  distance  runners  —  training  is 
intermittent  throughout  the  year:  a  fall  period  of  outdoor  work  is 
followed,  after  an  interval  of  one  month,  by  a  season  of  indoor  com- 
petition; and  this  (after  a  second  intermission  of  one  month)  is 
succeeded  by  a  period  of  intensive  training  during  the  spring.  For 
other  track  men,  training  is  largely  confined  to  the  six  or  eight 
weeks  preceding  the  spring  meets.  Baseball,  aside  from  the  in- 
formal fall  practice,  has  a  schedule  of  about  eighteen  weeks'  train- 
ing, approximately  two-thirds  of  which  is  in  the  field.  Football 
practice  usually  runs  through  about  eight  weeks  of  term  time  with 
from  two  to  three  weeks  of  work  before  the  opening  of  the  Uni- 


THE  FACULTY  OF  ARTS  AND   SCIENCES  37 

versity.  Hockey  practice  lasts  about  eight  weeks.  Thus  training 
seasons  in  the  major  sports  vary  in  length  from  about  two  months 
to  about  six  months. 

The  amount  of  practice  each  day  varies  less  among  the  different 
sports.  Football  practice  usually  lasts  about  two  hours.  Indoor 
baseball  practice  requires  about  one  hour  and  a  quarter  each  after- 
noon; field  practice,  about  two  hours  and  a  half.  Crew  practice 
takes  only  about  an  hour,  and  hockey  practice  about  the  same 
length  of  time.  Track  work  appears  to  require  least  of  all  and 
probably  does  not  average  more  than  one-half  to  three-quarters 
of  an  hour.1 

In  all  the  sports,  the  time  required  in  going  to  and  from  the  place 
of  training,  and  in  dressing  before  and  after  practice,  has  to  be 
added  to  the  period  of  actual  training.  When  teams  practise  away 
from  Cambridge  —  as  when  the  cross  country  runners  go  to  Bel- 
mont, or  the  crew  to  Lynn,  or  the  tennis  team  to  Chestnut  Hill  — 
from  one-half  to  two  or  three  additional  hours  may  be  demanded 
of  the  men.  In  general,  however,  a  full  hour  each  afternoon  is 
probably  ample  allowance  for  the  time  candidates  must  give  be- 
yond the  period  of  actual  practice. 

Managers  devote  to  athletics  every  available  moment  during 
the  active  seasons  of  their  sports.  Candidates  for  managerships 
are  usually  kept  at  the  place  of  practice  as  long  as  any  players  are 
out,  and  commonly  for  half  an  hour  or  an  hour  before  and  after 
practice.2  In  the  more  important  sports,  managers  and  candidates 
for  managerships  are  at  work  most  of  the  afternoon  and  occasion- 
ally spend  part  of  the  evening  on  additional  assignments.  As  a 
group,  managers  and  candidates  for  managerships  seem  to  give  to 
athletics  at  least  twice  as  much  time  as  the  players. 

Summarizing  the  evidence  regarding  the  amount  of  time  de- 
manded of  those  participating  in  athletics,  it  is  clear  that  there  are 
conspicuous  differences  from  sport  to  sport,  both  in  the  length  of 
the  practice  season  and  in  the  intensity  of  training.  As  a  rule,  the 
shorter  the  season,  the  longer  the  period  of  daily  practice.  Prob- 
ably baseball  makes  the  maximum  requirement  —  roughly  three 
hundred  hours  including  time  taken  in  going  to  and  from  practice 
and  preparing  for  it.  At  the  other  extreme,  hockey  probably  re- 
quires less  than  half  as  much  time  —  approximately  one  hundred 
and  twenty-five  hours.  Rowing,  football,  and  track  games  lie  be- 
tween, the  aggregate  for  the  crew  being  about  two  hundred  and 
fifty  hours,  that  for  the  football  team  about  two  hundred,  that  for 
the  track  team  varying  widely  among  the  men. 

To  assist  the  Faculty  in  deciding  whether,  in  its  opinion,  this 
amount  of  time  can  wisely  be  spent  in  athletics,  the  Committee 
next  presents  certain  facts  concerning  the  attendance,  programmes, 


1  Some  of  the  minor  sports  demand  fully  as  much  time  as  the  major  sports.  Thus  the 
tennis  team  practises  a  minimum  of  two  hours  an  afternoon;  the  basketball  team  usually  two 
hours;  and  the  soccer  team  an  hour  and  a  half. 

2  In  some  of  the  minor  sports  in  which  no  equipment  is  supplied,  the  work  of  the  manager 
is  slight  and  consists  almost  wholly  of  correspondence  regarding  contests. 


38  THE  FACULTY  OF  ARTS  AND  SCIENCES 

and  grades  of  players  and  managers  as  compared  with  other  under- 
graduates. 

The  comparative  regularity  in  attendance  of  students  not  par- 
ticipating in  athletics  and  those  taking  part  as  players  or  managers 
is  shown  in  a  table.  The  frequency  of  cutting  by  players  exceeds 
that  of  other  students  in  relatively  small  degree.  In  view  of  the 
fact  that  members  of  athletic  teams  are  necessarily  away  from 
Cambridge  for  some  of  the  more  important  contests,  it  is  clear 
that  the  players,  while  about  the  University,  attend  their  courses 
fully  as  regularly  as  students  not  participating  in  the  major  sports. 
The  records  at  this  point  are  quite  consistent  with  the  contention 
of  the  players  that  they  are  under  constant  pressure  from  coaches 
and  managers  not  to  cut  courses.  Apparently  no  such  pressure  is 
felt  by  the  managers. 

Freshmen,  as  a  class,  cut  only  about  three-fourths  as  much  as 
other  undergraduates. 

A  comparison  of  the  grades  of  players  and  managers  with  those 
of  students  not  participating  in  athletics  shows  that  the  players 
and  managers,  though  they  endeavor  to  obtain  grades  which  as- 
sure their  continuance  on  the  team,  fail  to  obtain  distinction  in  as 
large  a  proportion  as  other  undergraduates.  The  proportion  of  A's 
obtained  by  players  is  about  half  that  secured  by  non-participants. 
But  the  proportion  of  B's  is  only  slightly  smaller  than  for  students 
hot  participating  in  athletics,  and  the  proportion  of  D's  only 
slightly  higher.  The  percentage  of  E's  is  almost  the  same.  The 
Freshmen  appear  in  a  table.  Upon  the  whole,  the  facts  noted 
are  equally  true  for  Freshmen. 

A  decidedly  poorer  showing  by  managers  and  candidates  for 
managerships  is  a  consistent  and  conspicuous  feature  of  the  tab- 
ulation of  grades  for  upper-classmen.  In  1919-20  the  managers 
obtained  no  A's,  had  only  about  one-third  the  proportion  of  B's 
obtained  by  non-participants,  had  nearly  twice  the  proportion  of 
D's,  and  almost  three  times  the  proportion  of  E's.  The  Freshman 
candidates  for  managerships  did  better  in  one  particular:  they 
obtained  as  large  a  percentage  of  A's  as  the  players.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  proportion  of  B's  among  the  Freshman  candidates  for 
managerships  was  only  two-thirds  that  among  the  players  and  non- 
participants,  and  the  proportion  of  D's  and  E's  was  very  much 
higher.  The  scholarship  of  managers  and  candidates  for  manager- 
ships was  strikingly  inferior  to  that  both  of  players  and  of  students 
not  participating  in  the  major  sports. 

On  November  16  the  Faculty  voted: 

That  hereafter  the  Summer  School  be  conducted  as  a  joint 
enterprise  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences  and  the  Graduate 
School  of  Education;  the  School  to  be  under  the  immediate  con- 
trol of  an  administrative  board,  to  be  composed  of  representatives 
of  the  two  Faculties  in  the  approximate  proportion  of  two-thirds 
from  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences  and  one-third  from  the 
Faculty  of  the  Graduate  School  of  Education. 


THE  FACULTY  OF  ARTS  AND  SCIENCES  39 


The  resort  of  teachers,  men  and  women,  to  the  Summer  School 
makes  clear  the  appropriateness  of  the  foregoing  vote.   The  num- 
bers and  usefulness  of  the  Summer  School  are  constantly  increas- 
ing.  In  1921  it  enrolled  two  thousand  and  twenty-two  students. 
On  February  15  the  Faculty  voted: 

That  the  hospitality  of  the  University  be  extended  without  pay- 
ment of  tuition  fees  to  holders  of  travelling  fellowships  from  other 
universities  and  colleges  upon  the  recommendation  in  each  case 
of  the  Committee  on  Fellowships  and  other  Aids  for  Graduate 
Students. 

Besides  expressing  intercollegiate  courtesy,   votes  of  this  kind 
strengthen  the  Graduate  School. 
On  March  15  the  Faculty  voted: 

That  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences  is  of  the  opinion  that  the 
admission  of  women  to  the  Graduate  School  of  Education  should 
not  be  regarded  as  establishing  coeducation  in  the  departments 
under  this  Faculty;  that  women  students  in  the  Graduate  School 
of  Education  should  therefore  have  no  rights  as  such  to  take 
courses  under  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences. 

That  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences  is  of  the  opinion  that  by 
appropriate  arrangements  between  Radcliffe  College  and  the 
Graduate  School  of  Education,  women  in  the  Graduate  School  of 
Education  should  be  at  liberty  to  obtain  all  the  opportunities  open 
to  Radcliffe  students  in  courses  given  at  Radcliffe  or  open  to  Rad- 
cliffe students  under  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences. 

That  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences  is  of  the  opinion  that  no 
change  should  be  made  with  reference  to  the  admission  of  women  to 
courses  under  the  charge  of  this  Faculty:  it  accordingly  recommends 
that  women  be  not  admitted  to  courses  primarily  for  undergradu- 
ates; that  they  be  rarely  admitted  to  courses  for  undergraduates 
and  graduates  and  then  only  on  vote  of  the  Faculty  and  when 
the  course  in  question  is  taken  chiefly  by  graduate  students;  that 
they  be  admitted  to  courses  for  graduates  only  on  vote  of  the 
Faculty;  and  that  for  admission  to  all  courses  the  consent  of  the 
Instructor  in  charge  be  secured  in  advance. 

That  although  it  is  not  within  the  province  of  this  Faculty  to 
lay  down  the  policy  for  Radcliffe  College,  the  Faculty  expresses 
the  hope  that  as  the  demand  for  graduate  instruction  for  women 
increases  and  as  the  resources  of  Radcliffe  are  enlarged,  it  will  be 
possible  for  Radcliffe  to  provide  a  larger  amount  of  independent 
instruction  for  graduate  students. 

Graduate  courses  open  to  Radcliffe  students  under  the  Faculty  of 
Arts  and  Sciences  are  designated  by  a  double  dagger  in  the  elec- 
tive pamphlet. 


40  THE  FACULTY  OF  ARTS  AND   SCIENCES 

On  March  29  the  Faculty  voted: 

That  this  Faculty  authorize  the  appointment  of  Student  Ad- 
visers for  Freshmen  and  Unclassified  students  for  the  year  1921-22, 
with  the  understanding  that  the  selection  of  Advisers  and  their 
direction  shall  be  in  the  hands  of  a  committee  consisting  of  the 
Dean  of  Harvard  College,  the  Regent,  and  Dr.  Lee. 

Student  Advisers  for  Freshmen  are  not  a  new  institution.  Then- 
value  naturally  varies,  and  has  not  infrequently  been  slight;  but 
their  possible  usefulness  is  great.  The  foregoing  vote  has  no  bear- 
ing on  the  appointment  of  Advisers  from  the  Faculty,  nearly  every 
member  of  which  is  official  adviser  of  fifteen  or  twenty  students. 

L.  B.  R.  BRIGGS,  Dean. 


THE  COLLEGE 

To  the  President  of  the  University  :  — 

Sir,  —  I  have  the  honor  to  present  to  you  a  report  on  Harvard 
College  for  the  academic  year  1920-21. 

The  number  of  students  in  the  College  at  the  time  the  lists  were 
compiled  for  the  Catalogue  of  1920-21  was  two  thousand  five  hun- 
dred thirty-two,  divided  as  follows :  — 

Seniors 341 

Juniors    610 

Sophomores 579 

Freshmen 621 

Total  number  of  undergraduates 2,151 

Out-of-Course  Students 102 

Unclassified  Students 279 

Total   2,532 

Compared  with  the  figures  at  the  corresponding  time  of  the  pre- 
ceding year,  these  show  a  loss  of  two : 

Gain        Loss 

Seniors 65 

Juniors    40 

Sophomores      98 

Freshmen 84 

Out-of-Course  Students 100 

Unclassified  Students 7 

Totals 196      198 

Net  loss 2 

During  the  year  the  following  students  died : 

Harry  Albert,  '21 July  31,  1920 

Barton  Fay, '24 May  1,1921 

Gerhard  Christian  August  Fetzer,  '23 April  21,  1921 

Milton  Genensky,  '22 November  19,  1920 

Francis  Underwood  Perry,  '21 March        21,  1921 

Three  hundred  twenty  candidates  (nineteen  in  February,;  and 
three  hundred  one  in  June)  received  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts 
in  course.  Of  these,  two  hundred  forty-three  were  regularly -'regis- 
tered as  Seniors;  the  registration  of  the  others  is  shown  in  the 
following  table : 

41 


42  THE  COLLEGE 

Absent  all  the  year    5 

Absent  during  the  first  half-year 4 

Absent  during  the  second  half-year 16 

Registered  in  the  Graduate  School  of  Arts  and  Sciences  1 

Registered  in  the  Law  School    7 

Registered  in  the  Business  School 11 

Registered  in  the  Medical  School   2 

Registered  in  the  Engineering  School 1 

Registered  in  the  Junior  Class 1 

^8 
To  be  designated  "as  of  1922"  in  the 

Quinquennial  Catalogue  29 

77 

Fifty-four  candidates  (six  in  February  and  forty-eight  in  June) 
received  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science  in  course.  Their  regis- 
tration is  indicated  in  the  next  table: 

In  the  Senior  Class    40 

Absent  all  the  year    1 

Absent  during  the  first  half-year 1 

Absent  during  the  second  tialf-year 1 

Registered  in  the  Graduate  School  of  Arts  and  Sciences  1 

Registered  in  the  Business  School 2 

Registered  in  the  Medical  School   1 

Registered  in  the  Engineering  School 1 

Registered  in  the  Junior  Class 3 

51 

To  be  designated  "as  of  1922"  in  the 

Quinquennial  Catalogue  3 

54 

Compared  with  the  table  of  last  year,  these  last  two  tables  show 
an  increase  of  twenty-four  in  the  number  of  candidates  receiving 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts  and  an  increase  of  twelve  receiving 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science. 

One  hundred  nine  candidates  (forty-six  in  February  and  sixty- 
three  in  June)  received  the  degree  of  A.B.  for  honorable  service  in 
the  war.  Their  distribution  by  classes  is  shown  in  the  following 
table : 

Class  of  1916 1 

Class  of  1917 3 

Class  of  1918 3 

Class  of  1919 21 

Class  of  1920 32 

Class  of  1921 47 

"As  of  "  Class  of  1922 _2 

109 


THE   COLLEGE  43 


Included  in  these  figures  are  two  degrees  which  were  awarded  to 
men  who  died.  One  was  a  member  of  the  Class  of  1919,  and  the 
other  a  member  of  the  Class  of  1921. 

Twenty-two  candidates  (ten  in  February  and  twelve  in  June) 
received  the  degree  of  S.B.  for  honorable  service  in  the  war.  Their 
distribution  by  classes  is  shown  in  the  following  table : 

Class  of  1918 3 

Class  of  1919 4 

Class  of  1920 6 

Class  of  1921 9 

22 

Included  in  these  figures  is  one  degree  which  was  awarded  to  a 
member  of  the  Class  of  1921  who  died  in  the  service. 

The  Freshman  Class  of  1921-22  (which  includes  one  hundred 
eight  men  provisionally  classified  as  Freshmen)  shows  an  increase 
of  two  hundred  sixty-three.  The  number  of  men  in  the  Class  who 
entered  College  in  1921-22  by  examination  is  one  hundred  twenty- 
nine  more  than  the  corresponding  number  in  1920-21. 

Forty-four  students  (or  2.0%  of  the  undergraduates)  won  a 
place  in  the  First  Group  of  Scholars.  Of  these,  nineteen  hold  hon- 
orary scholarships;  twenty-five  stipendiary.  Last  year  thirty- 
seven  students  (or  1.8%  of  the  undergraduates  for  that  year)  won 
a  place  in  the  First  Group.  Of  these,  nineteen  held  honorary 
scholarships;  eighteen,  stipendiary. 

One  hundred  seventeen  students  (or  5.6%  of  the  undergradu- 
ates) won  a  place  in  the  Second  Group  of  Scholars.  Of  these, 
fifty-six  hold  honorary  scholarships ;  sixty-one,  stipendiary.  Last 
year  ninety-nine  students  (or  4.8  %  of  the  undergraduates)  won  a 
place  in  the  Second  Group.  Of  these,  fifty-two  held  honorary 
scholarships;  forty-seven,  stipendiary. 

In  the  First  Group  are  thirteen  Seniors,  seventeen  Juniors, 
thirteen  Sophomores,  and  one  candidate  for  the  degree  out-of- 
course;  in  the  Second  Group,  forty-eight  Seniors,  forty-one  Juniors, 
twenty-four  Sophomores,  and  four  candidates  for  the  degree  out- 
of-course;  giving  as  totals  sixty-one  Seniors,  fifty-eight  Juniors, 
thirty-seven  Sophomores,  and  five  candidates  for  the  degree  out- 
of  -course. 

The  members  of  the  Administrative  Board  for  the  year  1920-21 
were  Professors  Ward,  Baxter,  Greenough,  Lee,  Burbank,  Edgell; 
and  the  Dean.  The  Assistant  Deans  were  Kenneth  Ballard  Mur- 
dock  and  Edward  Randolph  Gay. 


44  THE    COLLEGE 

In  the  course  of  the  year,  the  Board  closed  the  probation  of 
thirty-nine  students;  twenty-eight  students  who  at  some  previous 
time,  after  having  had  their  connection  with  the  College  severed, 
had  been  readmitted  on  condition  that  if  their  records  became 
unsatisfactory  they  should  withdraw,  failed  to  maintain  satisfac- 
tory records  and  were  required  to  withdraw;  one  student  who  had 
not  previously  had  his  connection  with  the  College  severed,  was 
required  to  withdraw;  the  trial  of  three  students  was  closed.  At 
the  end  of  the  year,  the  connection  of  one  hundred  seven  students 
was  severed  because  of  their  low  records.  For  an  offense  involving 
moral  turpitude  eight  students  were  dismissed  and  two  were 
expelled. 

With  the  passing  of  another  year  the  problems  of  war  time  have 
lessened  in  number  and  importance.  In  1920-21  only  two  of  the 
four  classes  knew  the  College  as  a  military  training  school.  A  large 
fraction  of  their  members  were  not  called  into  active  service.  At 
the  end  of  the  year  only  one  class  remains  whose  academic  record 
consists  in  part  of  the  broken  work  of  1918-19.  Only  a  few  scat- 
tered candidates  for  the  "War  Degree"  are  left.  As  the  Dean  was 
abroad  during  the  greater  part  of  the  years  1918-19  and  1919-20, 
he  may  be  permitted  to  say  that  he  is  greatly  impressed  by  the 
maintenance  of  regular  academic  standards  during  the  crisis.  The 
first  duty,  of  course,  was  immediate  service  to  the  army  and  navy, 
but  with  a  depleted  and  overworked  Faculty  the  College  supported 
not  only  its  military  curriculum,  but  also  its  usual  offering  of 
broad,  fundamental  instruction.  This  fact  made  easier  the  return 
to  normal  conditions  and  enabled  the  Administrative  Board  to 
insist  substantially  upon  the  usual  requirements  for  the  regular 
degree,  even  from  those  students  whose  residence  covered  the 
period  of  the  war. 

Among  the  unusual  situations  following  the  war,  the  return  to 
College  of  large  numbers  of  men  who  had  been  in  service  was  nota- 
ble. How  would  their  attitude  toward  the  work  and  discipline  of 
the  College  be  affected  by  their  military  experience?  Our  records 
afford  no  striking  reply  to  this  question.  There  is  no  doubt  that 
the  returning  soldiers  and  sailors  found  it  more  difficult  than  it  had 
been  before  to  carry  on  work  which  they  did  not  regard  as  direct, 
practical  training  for  a  business  or  profession. '  The  same  state  of 
mind,  however,  is  observable  in  most  men  who  are  obliged  for  any 
reason  to  interrupt  their  college  course.  In  fact,  the  more  mature 
a  student  is,  the  harder  he  finds  it  to  delay  immediate  preparation 
for  his  work  in  life,  whether  his  college  course  has  been  interrupted 


THE    COLLEGE  45 

or  not.  It  is  not  clear  that  military  service  had  any  peculiar  tend- 
ency to  wean  students  from  their  college  work.  Any  experience 
which  interrupted  that  work,  and  especially  any  experience  which 
hastened  maturity  of  thought  and  action,  might  well  have  had 
the  same  effect. 

As  regards  observance  of  college  discipline  and  conduct  in  gen- 
eral, the  same  negative  observations  hold  true.  A  splendid  group 
of  men  left  our  colleges  to  enter  the  army  and  navy.  They  were  a 
splendid  group  of  men  when  they  were  discharged.  Some  individ- 
uals were  weakened  by  their  military  experience,  others  were 
strengthened.  But  in  general  we  have  no  convincing  evidence  that 
military  discipline,  as  our  students  underwent  it,  makes  for  or 
against  self -discipline. 

It  seems  clear  that,  irrespective  of  the  effects  of  the  war,  the 
student  body  as  a  whole  is  more  responsible  and  more  sensible  of 
its  obligations  to  the  community  than  it  was  twenty  or  even  ten 
years  ago.  This  is  due  in  part  to  the  fact  that  the  minimum  require- 
ments of  the  College  have  been  slowly  but  steadily  raised.  The 
undergraduate  will  answer  any  reasonable  demand  that  is  fairly 
enforced.  He  works  more  and  he  works  more  intelligently  than 
he  used  to  do.  He  does  and  says  things  that  his  elders,  including 
the  Dean,  do  not  always  approve;  but  he  is  in  earnest.  He  criti- 
cizes the  Faculty  and  especially  the  officers  of  administration, 
sometimes  with  reason,  sometimes  without;  but  criticism,  even  if 
it  be  always  unreasonable,  is  better  than  indifference. 

This  attitude  toward  college  work  is  reflected  in  general  con- 
duct. The  boyish  pranks  that  were  common  twenty-five  years 
ago  have,  at  least  for  the  time,  almost  wholly  disappeared.  There 
is  too  much  serious  business  on  hand.  Though  younger  in  years, 
the  students  are  older  in  habits  of  mind.  They  take  a  keener  in- 
terest in  the  problems  of  the  general  community  and  react  more 
sharply  to  its  feelings  and  opinions.  The  use  of  alcoholic  drinks, 
for  instance,  illustrates  this  tendency.  If  it  be  true,  as  some  have 
thought,  that  since  the  passage  of  the  eighteenth  amendment  a 
small  group  of  students  have  drunk  bad  liquor  with  a  bravado 
which  has  made  them  conspicuous,  the  same  statement  could  be 
made  as  truthfully  of  small  groups  of  their  elders  in  most  of  our 
cities.  However  this  may  be,  it  seems  clear  that  fewer  students 
drink  alcoholic  liquor  and  fewer  students  drink  it  to  excess  than 
ever  before.  This  keeping  closer  step  with  the  general  public  is 
due  in  part  to  the  extremely  democratic  character  of  our  student 
body.    Our  undergraduates  come  from  families  in  every  walk  of 


46  THE   COLLEGE 

life  and  make  a  fair  cross-section  of  society  at  large.  But  it  is  also 
due  in  large  part  to  the  growing  conviction  among  the  students 
that  they  come  to  college,  not  merely  to  spend  four  pleasant  years, 
nor  even  to  pursue  scholarship  as  an  end  in  itself,  but  rather  to 
train  their  minds  for  the  service  of  the  public.  If  such  training 
is  to  be  effective,  students  must  not  drift  away  from  the  public 
they  are  to  serve. 

It  would  be  well  if  the  community  at  large,  and  especially  if 
graduates  and  the  relatives  and  friends  of  undergraduates,  could 
appreciate,  as  the  students  themselves  are  beginning  to  do,  the 
true  character  of  the  College.  We  are  administering  a  great  trust 
for  the  benefit  of  the  public.  We  expend  upon  the  instruction  of 
every  student  hundreds  of  dollars  in  excess  of  the  tuition  fee  which 
he  pays,  not  simply  because  we  think  it  well  for  the  student,  but 
also  because  we  think  it  well  for  the  public  that  we  should  do  so. 
If  a  student  fails  to  profit  by  his  instruction,  he  injures  not  only 
himself  and  the  College,  but  the  public  as  well.  The  students 
themselves  realize  this  fact.  Those  who  are  sent  away  are  the 
first  to  admit  that  they  have  been  recreant  to  the  public  good. 
But  too  often  their  friends  and  relatives  assume  that  the  only 
parties  to  the  controversy  are  the  College  on  one  side  and  the 
student  and  his  family  on  the  other.  They  seem  not  to  appreciate 
that  time,  money,  and  effort  have  been  wasted  from  which  the 
public  is  entitled  to  demand  a  profitable  return. 

In  the  course  of  the  year  a  special  committee  of  the  Faculty, 
under  the  chairmanship  of  Professor  Greenough,  made  an  interest- 
ing study  of  the  amount  of  time  employed  by  students  in  athletic 
sports.  The  initiative  came  from  the  Faculty,  but  the  students 
cooperated  heartily  in  the  investigation.  Both  athletes  and  man- 
agers stated  frankly  the  facts  as  they  had  observed  them  and  offered 
criticism,  destructive  and  constructive,  for  the  consideration  of  the 
committee.  The  general  conclusion  reached  was  that  managers 
and  candidates  for  managerships  spend  too  much  time  in  the  con- 
duct of  athletics,  but  that  the  athletes  themselves  do  not  devote 
an  excessive  amount  of  time  to  their  sports. 

Another  and  a  very  important  question  was  raised  by  the  stu- 
dents themselves.  For  the  second  time  representatives  of  the 
Student  Council  asked  that  at  the  end  of  the  year  the  names  of  all 
students  be  published  in  the  order  of  their  academic  standing. 
Forty  years  ago  every  student  was  given  a  strict  numerical  rating 
in  his  class,  but  the  practice  was  abandoned  and  marking  by  groups 
indicated  by  letters  substituted  for  marking  by  percentages.    The 


THE  COLLEGE  47 


Faculty  deemed  it  unwise  to  return  to  numerical  rating.  In  this 
view  the  students  immediately  acquiesced  with  the  request  that 
a  rank  list  arranged  by  groups  be  published.  The  Administrative 
Board  recommended  to  the  Faculty  a  substantial  compliance  with 
this  request.  Any  doubt  which  the  members  of  the  Board  might 
have  had  about  the  details  of  the  plan  was  more  than  outweighed 
by  the  desire  to  support  the  students  in  any  effort  to  advance 
scholarship.  The  argument  of  the  students  was  that  the  high 
scholar  is  already  sufficiently  honored  and  the  low  scholar  suffici- 
ently driven,  but  that  no  sufficient  encouragement  is  given  to  the 
student  of  moderate  ability  whose  earnest  effort  enables  him  to  do 
better  work  than  the  loafer  of  equal  ability.  In  short,  the  students 
wished  to  have  distinctions  made  and  published  in  the  middle 
ranges  of  scholarship.  The  Faculty  approved  the  recommenda- 
tion of  the  Board,  not  without  doubt  and  hesitation,  but  in  the 
hope  that  its  support  of  the  experiment  would  indicate  to  the 
students  a  cordial  approval  of  their  attitude  and  that  the  experi- 
ment itself  might,  perhaps  with  modifications,  eventually  stimu- 
late a  general  interest  in  scholarly  attainment. 

College  generations  are  short,  and  college  traditions  are  quickly 
made  and  altered.  An  experience  of  nearly  ten  years  in  the  office 
covers  many  changes.  We  have  our  ups  and  downs.  The  period 
following  the  war  has  been  a  trying  time,  for  in  the  colleges,  as  well 
as  in  society  at  large,  we  have  had  to  meet  the  temporary  drift 
toward  relaxation  of  moral  standards  which  usually  sets  in  after 
a  great  war.  But  the  deep  and  steady  current  of  college  life  moves 
ever  forward.  The  quality  of  the  students  never  really  fails.  The 
Dean  sees  much  that  is  unworthy,  but  he  sees  far  more  that  is 
strong  and  sound  and  inspiring.  He  incurs  hostility  and  resent- 
ment, but  he  also  meets  warm  appreciation  and  gratitude  out  of 
all  proportion  to  his  effort.  Though  his  work  is  before  him,  his 
reward  is  with  him.  If  there  were  none  else,  his  abiding  faith  in 
the  undergraduate  would  be  reward  enough. 

HENRY  A.  YEOMANS,  Dean. 


ATHLETIC  SPORTS 

To  the  President  of  the  University:  — 

Sir,  —  I  have  the  honor  of  submitting  a  report  from  the  Com- 
mittee on  the  Regulation  of  Athletic  Sports  for  the  academic  year 
1920-21. 

Before  the  beginning  of  the  year  Mr.  Henry  Pennypacker,  '88, 
headmaster  of  the  Boston  Latin  School,  who  had  served  as  a 
graduate  member  of  the  Committee,  was  made  a  member  of  the 
Faculty,  resigned  his  position  in  Boston  and  became  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Admission  to  Harvard  College.  Since  he  could 
be  ill  spared  from  the  Committee  on  the  Regulation  of  Athletic 
Sports,  he  was  retained  as  a  graduate  member,  the  number  of 
faculty  members  being  complete  without  him.  Besides  the  chair- 
man the  members  of  the  Committee  were  as  follows: 

Representing  the  Faculty: 

Professor  Henry  Aaron  Yeomans,  '00,  Dean  of  Harvard  College. 

Dr.  Roger  Irving  Lee,  '02,  Professor  of  Hygiene. 
Representing  the  Alumni: 

Henry  Pennypacker,  '88. 

Benjamin  Loring  Young,  '07. 

Laurence  Curtis,  2d,  '16. 
Representing  the  Undergraduates: 

Edward  Livingston  Bigelow,  Captain  of  the  hockey  team. 

Dennis  Francis  O'Connell,  Jr.,  Captain  of  the  track  team. 

Louis  Butler  McCagg,  Jr.,  Captain  of  the  crew. 

In  the  principal  intercollegiate  sports  the  University  teams  had 
a  good  share  of  success.  This  remark  does  not  apply  to  the  crew, 
which  met  a  series  of  defeats  ending  with  the  loss  of  a  close  race 
at  New  London.  Yale  and  Harvard,  which  should  represent  the 
best  amateur  rowing  in  America,  seem  to  have  lost  all  claim  to  that 
distinction;  and  among  important  colleges  Harvard  was  at  the 
bottom  of  the  list.  Nor  is  this  situation  the  result  of  parsimony  in 
the  authorities,  who  spend  freely  —  many  persons  think  too 
freely  —  for  the  training  of  the  crews.  The  cause  must  be  looked 
for  elsewhere.  Meantime  it  is  a  satisfaction  to  note  that  the  num- 
ber of  men  who  row  for  pleasure  is  large,  that  the  pleasure  is  memo- 
rable and  helpful,  and  that  the  cost,  though  great,  has  justified 
itself. 

In  track  athletics  a  period  of  continued  inferiority  was  followed 
last  year  by  a  remarkable  rally  which  made  the  Yale  meet  close, 

48 


ATHLETIC   SPORTS  49 

brought  victory  in  the  Princeton  meet,  almost  brought  victory  in 
the  intercollegiate  meet,  and  produced  some  brilliant  results  in 
the  international  games  between  Yale  and  Harvard  on  the  one  hand 
and  Cambridge  and  Oxford  on  the  other.  The  change  began  to  be 
felt  immediately  after  the  appointment  of  Mr.  W.  J.  Bingham,  '16, 
as  coach.  Mr.  Bingham,  who  later  was  appointed  assistant  grad- 
uate treasurer,  will  still  have  charge  of  track  athletics.  Since 
distinction  in  track  athletics  is  no  obstacle  to  success  in  study, 
the  greatly  increased  number  of  students  taking  part  in  them 
is  especially  gratifying. 

The  international  contests  after  considerable  discussion  were 
authorized  at  a  meeting  on  March  22  when  the  Committee  favored 
the  sending  of  the  following  telegram  to  Oxford  and  Cambridge: 

President   University  Athletic   Club,   Oxford    (and   Cambridge), 

England. 
Harvard  and  Yale  invite  Oxford  and  Cambridge  joint  track  meet 
Harvard  Stadium  preferably  June  eighteenth  next.  Could  probably 
guarantee  expenses  up  to  fifteen  thousand  dollars  total.    Please 
cable  Harvard.  Harvard  and  Yale  Athletic  Associations. 

On  May  3  the  Committee  approved  arrangements  for  a  tennis 
match  of  Yale  and  Harvard  against  Oxford  and  Cambridge  with 
suitable  guarantees. 

On  the  same  day  the  Committee  approved  the  following  resolu- 
tion of  the  Student  Council,  thereby  ratifying  the  formation  of  a 
Committee  on  Minor  Sports : 

Whereas,  as  the  result  of  consideration  by  the  Athletic  Commit- 
tee and  the  Student  Council  of  the  proposal  to  form  a  Minor  Sports 
Committee,  it  appears  desirable  that  some  organized  body  be 
created  which  shall  be  closely  in  touch  with  the  minor  sports  and 
through  representatives  on  the  Student  Council  keep  the  Council 
informed  as  to  conditions  in  these  sports  and  their  needs, 

Be  it  resolved  that  the  Student  Council  establish  a  subordinate 
committee  whose  members  shall  be  the  Captains  and  Managers 
at  any  time  of  the  recognized  minor  sports; 

That  said  Committee  shall  organize  and  elect  a  president  and 
secretary  who  shall  be  from  different  sports.  They  shall  represent 
the  minor  sports  on  the  Student  Council  and  shall  call  meetings 
in  the  intervals  between  the  meetings  of  the  Student  Council  for 
the  purpose  of  considering  minor  sport  affairs  and  informing  and 
making  recommendations  to  the  Student  Council  relative  thereto; 

That  the  Student  Council  shall  call  a  first  meeting  of  the  said 
Captains  and  Managers  forthwith  to  effect  such  organization,  and 
after  this  year  shall  call  such  first  meeting  as  soon  as  possible  after 
its  own  organization  for  the  year. 


50  ATHLETIC   SPORTS 

In  December  the  Committee  considered  unfavorably  the  pos- 
sibility of  a  home-and-home  game  of  football  with  Ohio  State,  the 
champion  of  the  Ohio  Conference.  It  is  the  policy  of  the  Commit- 
tee and  especially  of  the  Faculty  to  discourage  distant  contests. 
On  the  other  hand,  Western  colleges  are  often  willing  to  play  in 
the  Stadium,  where  the  guarantees  are  adequate. 

The  lamentable  career  of  our  swimming  teams  and  the  futility 
of  competition  in  swimming  until  the  College  has  been  provided 
with  a  swimming  pool  raised  the  question,  as  yet  unsettled,  whether 
Harvard  shall  continue  to  recognize  swimming  as  an  intercollegiate 
sport. 

The  recent  change  in  Sunday  law  raised  anew  the  desire  that 
the  tennis  courts  should  be  open  on  Sunday.  The  Graduate 
Treasurer  reported  that  Jarvis  Field  is  too  near  a  church  for  lawful 
use  on  Sunday,  and  that  if  Soldiers  Field  should  be  thrown  open 
on  Sunday,  there  would  be  no  little  difficulty  in  protecting  the 
property  there. 

The  Committee  is  beset  on  every  hand  with  the  schemes  of 
philanthropic  organizations  for  extracting  money  in  one  way  or 
another  from  the  crowds  that  attend  games.  Poor  business  con- 
ditions, contributions  for  relief  in  Europe  and  Asia,  and  heavy 
taxation  on  large  incomes  have  so  seriously  lessened  the  resources 
of  those  to  whom  home  charities  have  looked  for  support  that  some 
of  these  charities  are  desperately  in  need  of  new  and  effective  de- 
vices for  raising  money.  It  is  only  natural  that  those  who  see 
thousands  and  thousands  of  persons  collected  in  one  place  for  ex- 
pensive amusement  should  see  an  extraordinary  opportunity  for 
personal  solicitation  of  the  well-to-do;  it  is  natural  even  that  the 
less  sensitive  officers  of  charitable  organizations  should  remember 
hopefully  that  games  are  frequented  by  young  men  escorting  young 
women  in  whose  presence  they  are  afraid  of  appearing  mean  and 
are  "ripe  for  the  contribution  box."  Nothing  would  be  easier  than 
to  convert  the  Stadium  into  a  bewildering  blend  of  a  country  fair 
with  a  bedlam  of  tag  days.  Nearly  every  new  petitioner  opens 
the  subject  as  if  he  or  she  had  made  a  new  financial  discovery  which 
speaks  for  itself.    Proposals  are  of  three  sorts: 

(1)  That  the  proceeds  of  an  important  game  be  given  to  the  peti- 
tioner's favorite  charity  or  that  a  special  benefit  game  be  played 
in  its  behalf. 

(2)  That  employees  of  that  charity  be  empowered  to  solicit  money  in 
the  Stadium,  or,  at  least,  inside  the  fence  and  on  the  grounds  of  the 
University; 

(3)  That  these  employees  be  empowered  to  sell  on  the  grounds  objects 
more  or  less  useful  for  the  benefit  of  the  charity. 


ATHLETIC    SPORTS  51 

Since  the  charity  is  often,  if  not  always,  worthy,  refusal  seems 
hard-hearted;  but  general  acquiescence  would  soon  make  the 
athletic  grounds  intolerable,  and  discrimination  would  lead  to 
grave  perplexities.  Once  or  twice  in  the  stress  of  war  Yale,  Prince- 
ton, and  Harvard  permitted  collections  at  their  great  football 
games.  Last  year  Yale,  Princeton,  and  Harvard  allowed  an  appeal 
for  European  relief  to  be  sent  out  with  tickets  for  their  great  games; 
and  Harvard  sent  also  notice  of  University  publications  about 
Harvard  men  who  died  in  the  war.  This,  I  think,  is  as  far  as  our 
own  Committee  has  ever  gone. 

The  Harvard  Athletic  Association,  though  a  somewhat  nebulous 
institution,  has  a  claim  on  the  money  taken  in  at  games,  unless  the 
Corporation,  by  a  sort  of  eminent  domain,  attaches  it.  Much  of 
this  money,  as  I  said  in  my  report  a  year  ago,  is  used  for  general 
athletic  purposes,  sometimes  for  purposes  that  may  be  called  semi- 
athletic,  such,  for  instance,  as  the  preparation  of  ground  for  a 
stable  to  house  horses  used  by  the  Department  of  Military  Science. 
Without  the  earnings  of  the  Harvard  Athletic  Association,  not 
merely  athletic  crews  and  teams  but  athletic  sport  throughout  the 
University  would  be  financially  crippled.  Moreover,  there  can  be 
little  doubt  that  the  large  sums  spent  in  perfecting  a  football  game 
increase  rather  than  diminish  the  net  income  of  the  Association. 
For  better  or  for  worse  what  was  designed  as  a  game  has  become 
to  the  players  discipline  of  body  and  mind  (education  of  a  sort) 
rather  than  fun,  though  not  all  the  fun  has  been  eliminated  from 
it.  Having  become  discipline,  it  demands  highly  developed  skill 
which  can  be  acquired  through  nothing  but  severe  and  costly 
training  and  which  people  who  admire  skill  in  athletics  will  pay 
to  see.  The  Harvard  Athletic  Association,  having  sold  tickets,  is 
in  duty  bound  to  protect,  as  far  as  may  be,  the  purchasers  of  those 
tickets  from  confusion  that  interferes  with  their  seeing  what  they 
have  paid  to  see  and  from  annoying  and  embarrassing  solicitation. 

Advertising  in  or  near,  and  especially  over,  the  athletic  grounds 
has  become  more  or  less  of  a  nuisance.  On  November  16  "the 
Graduate  Treasurer  was  instructed  to  prevent  the  flying  of  kites 
for  advertising  purposes  from  the  Soldiers  Field  grounds  and  to 
prevent  the  exposure  of  other  advertising  devices  at  the  field,  and 
so  far  as  possible  to  discourage  flights  by  airplane  above  the  field.' ' 

The  flight  of  airplanes  above  the  field,  if  it  cannot  lawfully  be 
prohibited,  will  be  in  a  few  years  a  serious  menace  to  the  comfort 
of  spectators  and  even  to  the  satisfactory  playing  of  the  game. 
Incidentally,  there  are  wide  and  unpleasant  possibilities  in  the 


52  ATHLETIC   SPORTS 

relation  of  flying  machines  (and  of  aerial  photography)  to  secret 
practice.  The  time  may  come  when  secret  practice  cannot  con- 
fidently be  maintained  without  an  air  patrol  and  the  consequently 
heavy  overhead  charges.  Hence  opponents  of  secret  practice  may 
take  heart. 

Investigation  by  a  Committee  of  the  Faculty  brought  to  light  a 
notable  waste  of  time  and  neglect  of  study  on  the  part  of  managers 
and  especially  candidates  for  managerships.  These  candidates, 
in  the  effort  to  prove  their  value,  would  spend  on  the  field  many 
hours  in  which  their  occupation,  if  they  had  one,  was  either  trumped 
up  by  their  superiors  for  the  mere  sake  of  keeping  them  busy  or 
for  a  similar  reason  exacted  of  them  when  clerks  or  ordinary  labor- 
ers would  have  done  as  well  or  better.  This  year  Mr.  Bingham  has 
taken  the  candidates  in  hand  with  a  view  to  saving  the  competi- 
tion from  that  foolish  short-sightedness  which  leads  to  academic 
disaster. 

L.  B.  R.  BRIGGS,  Chairman. 


THE  GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  ARTS  AND 
SCIENCES 

To  the  President  of  the  University:  — 

Sir,  —  As  Dean  of  the  Graduate  School  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  I 
have  the  honor  to  submit  a  report  on  the  School  for  the  academic 
year  1920-21. 

The  following  tables  present  in  summary  form  information 
concerning  the  number  and  distribution  of  the  students,  recom- 
mendations for  degrees,  and  the  assignment  of  fellowships  and 
scholarships. 

Table  I  shows  that  the  number  of  students  registered  in  the 
School  was  five  hundred  and  sixty-eight.  Of  this  number  five  hun- 
dred and  forty-one  were  resident,  and  twenty-seven  non-resident, 
all  of  whom  were  travelling  fellows.  Of  the  resident  students  four 
hundred  and  forty-four  were  in  attendance  during  the  whole  year, 
of  whom  two  hundred  and  seventy-seven  were  doing  full  work.  Of 
the  remaining  ninety-seven  resident  students,  thirty-six  entered 
the  School  after  November  1,  and  sixty-three  (including  two  of  the 
preceding)  withdrew  before  the  end  of  the  year. 

The  enrolment  is  thus  slightly  larger  than  in  the  preceding  year, 
in  spite  of  the  loss  of  the  Division  of  Education,  organized  in  1920 
as  a  separate  Graduate  School. 


53 


54  THE   GRADUATE   SCHOOL  OF  ARTS  AND   SCIENCES 

Table  I.  —  Number  and  Classification  of  Students 

1918-19  1919-20  1920-21 
I.   Resident  Students  doing  full  work  in  the  School  for  the 

whole  academic  year 96  291  277 

Resident  Students  not  doing  full  work  or  not  working  for 

the  whole  year  as  Resident  Students 259  251  264 

355  542  541 

Travelling  Fellows 3  22  27 

II.    Students  whose  studies  lay  chiefly  in 

Semitic  Languages  and  History   1  7  6 

Ancient  Languages  (Classics  and  Indie  Philology)    .           5  14  21 
Modern  Languages  (including  Comparative  Litera- 
ture)              60  146  142 

History,  Government,  and  Economics 66  142  174 

Philosophy   29  40  59 

Education 28  45  1 

Fine  Arts    7  5  5 

Music    .  .  2  5 

Mathematics    12  16  27 

Physics   12  24  26 

Chemistry 26  56  54 

Biology   12  24  17 

Geology 6  13  11 

Anthropology 1  5  5 

Medical  Sciences  6  9  11 

Unclassified  Students   9  16  4 

Military  Science    1 

S.A.T.C.  (first  term) 62 

Naval  Unit  (first  term)    17 

Marine  Unit  (first  term)    5 

365  564  568 

Names  counted  twice  7 

358  564  568 

III.  First-year  Students 213  343  285 

Second-year  Students 66  101  175 

Third-year  Students  27  63  59 

Fourth-year  Students 35  29  30 

Students  in  fifth  year  or  later 17  28  19 

358  564  568 

IV.  *A.B.'s  and  S.B.'s  of  Harvard  University  and  of  no  other 

institution 118  147  161 

A.B.'s  and  S.B.'s  (and  holders  of  similar  degrees)  of  other 

institutions  and  also  of  Harvard  University 1  2  2 

A.A.'s  of  Harvard  University  . .  2  1 

Students  not  holding  the  Harvard  degree  of  A.B.,  S.B.,  or 

A.A 239  413  404 

358      564  568 

V.   Students  holding  the  Harvard  degree  of  A.M.,  S.M., 

Ph.D.,  orS.D 75  102  116 

*Students  holding  the  Harvard  degree  of  A.B.,  S.B.,  or 

A.A.,  but  not  of  A.M.,  S.M.,  Ph.D.,  or  S.D 97  111  128 

Students  holding  no  Harvard  degree  in  Arts,  Philosophy, 

or  Science 186  351  324 

358      564  —  568 

In  Table  II  similar  facts  concerning  residence  and  amount  of 
work  are  set  forth  for  a  period  of  twenty  years.   Table  III  and  IV 

show  the  percentage  of  students  in  their  first  and  following  years 
and  the  percentage  of  graduates  of  Harvard  College. 

*  Harvard  College  Seniors  on  leave  of  absence,  with  work  for  the  bachelor's  degree  com- 
pleted or  nearly  completed,  are  counted  in  this  Table  as  holders  of  the  degrees  for  which  they 
are  candidates  in  Harvard  College. 


THE  GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  ARTS  AND   SCIENCES 


55 


i> 

■* 

1^ 

CO 

00 

as 

1920-21 

CM 

CO 
CM 

3 

CM 

CM 

CO 

>c 

-n 

CM 

CM 

CM 

•«* 

1919-20 

as 

CM 

CM 

U3 

CM 

CM 

CC 

■o 

co 

a 

w 

CO 

CO 

00 

1918-19 

OS 

IC 

CM 

cc 

CO 

CM 

-t- 

1917-18 

CM 

i-H 

CO 

o 

c 

CN 

CO 

1916-17 

CD 
CM 
CO 

00 

o 

CO 

8 

JL 

t^ 

o 

CO 

m 

CM 

iC 

t>1 

lO 

»o 

CM 

t> 

1915-16 

CD 
CO 

CM 

CO 
CO 

CO 

U5 

T* 

CM 

co 

t~ 

l^ 

CO 

o 

1914-15 

CO 
CO 

CM 
CM 

lO 

co 

CO 

t- 

ifl 

*# 

TH 

OS 

o 

1913-14 

OS 
CM 

O! 

OS 

CO 

CO 

CM 

co 

■«* 

T* 

CO 

CO 

CD 

Tt* 

CM 

1912-13 

CO 

CO 

t^ 

-* 

CM 

CM 

o 

l^ 

00 

as 

b. 

00 

00 

in 

OS 

1911-12 

o 

CO 

CO 

CM 

CM 

CD 

i_l 

t» 

oc 

CO 

CO 

x# 

CO 

1910-11 

CO 

CM 

CM 

CO 

OS 

CO 

IC 

«o 

CM 

I> 

CM 

"# 

1909-10 

CM 

IT. 

CO 

in 

CO 

o 

CO 

CO 

M5 

CC 

OS 

o 

1908-09 

OS 

cm 

CM 

tH 

CM 

t^ 

i> 

O) 

cc 

t~ 

>-l 

CO 

■* 

i-H 

1907-08 

00 
CI 

1H 

1-1 

iH 

CM 

t^ 

»c 

CO 

CO 

1906-07 

00 
CM 

c 

rH 

oo 

CC 

CM 

CM 

o 

t- 

© 

CO 

CC 

CO 

CO 

o 

CO 

1905-06 

CO 
CM 

CO 

OS 
CO 

i-H 

i-i 

o 

CO 

CO 

w 

OO 

»o 

CM 

t> 

10 

CM 

1904-05 

CM 

o 

iH 

CO 

i-H 

a- 

CO 

t> 

OS 

CO 

CM 

■* 

i-t 

to 

t^ 

o 

1903-04 

CO 
CM 

cm 

I-H 

CM 

t^ 

CO 

•<* 

c 

»o 

Ifl 

Ifl 

o 

1902-03 

CM 

a 

CO 

CM 

CO 

l> 

CO 

cc 

■>* 

i-H 

u: 

CM 

1901-02 

cn 

CC 

c 
cc 

« 

t> 

ft 

o 

bfl 

a 

"o 

'o 

1 

5 

o 

& 

"12 

02 

o 

G 

fe 

A 

o 

5 

3 

5 

11 

*4 

a 

1 

a- 

■♦■ 
c 

M 

a 
'o 

T3 

g 

11 

a 

1 

1 

■a 

51 

o  *c 
1* 

'     & 

f 

02 

a 

t: 

as 

to 

1° 

1 

1 

2 

1 

to    > 

0     4 

00     ft 
tt>     p 

CO     c 

Is 

«1 

OS     p 

8  + 
03 

i      e 

1         c 

i  1 

i    j 

i   J 
■    1 

:           5z 

| 
1 

i 

© 

O 

t 

1 

a 

s 

e 

a 

•1 

CD 

£  * 

*8  > 

a>    a 
0    c, 

«->    a 

1 

56 


THE  GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  ARTS  AND   SCIENCES 


Table  III.  —  Percentage  of  Students  in  their  first 

AND   FOLLOWING  YEARS:    1908-21 


? 

00 

o 

OS 

© 
§ 

OS 

2 

OS 

fH 
OS 

CO 
OS 

CO 
OS 

U5 
OS 

OS 

i 

OS 

00 
OS 

OS 

00 
OS 

o 

I 

OS 

5» 

OS 

% 

57 
24 
12 

7 

% 

56 
25 
11 

8 

% 

53 
28 
11 

8 

% 

54 
23 
14 

9 

% 

52 
25 
14 

9 

% 

50 
23 
16 

11 

% 

54 
21 
14 

11 

% 

53 
25 
12 

10 

% 

47 
26 
15 

12 

% 

48 
21 
18 

13 

% 

59 

18 

8 

15 

% 

61 

18 
11 

10 

% 

50 

31 

10 

Fourth-year  Students  and  Students  of 

q 

Table  IV.  —  Percentage  of  Graduates  of  Harvard 
College:  1916-17  —  1920-21 


2 

OS 

00 
OS 

CS 

r-t 

00 

os 

o 

IN 
1 
OS 

OS 

o 

OS 

650 

165 
25% 

485 

75% 

321 

82 
26% 

239 

74% 

358 
119 
33% 

239 

67% 

564 
149 
26% 

415 

74% 

568 

162 

•Percentage  of  graduates  of  Harvard  College 

29% 

Number  of  graduates   of  other  colleges  and  uni- 
versities    

406 

Percentage  of  graduates  of  other  colleges  and    uni- 
versities   

71% 

*  Harvard  College  Seniors  on  leave  of  absence  are  reckoned  as  graduates  of  Harvard  College, 
A.A.'s  of  Harvard  University  are,  for  purposes  of  convenience,  also  so  counted. 


THE   GRADUATE   SCHOOL   OF   ARTS   AND    SCIENCES 


57 


o 
o 
W 

u 
zn 

H 

X 
H 


P 

o 

g 

o 


ffl     i-H 


pq 


#e8     .'  eJ 


e8  O^Jd  O  O  ;=3  a  fT"  ^  J3 13  O  03  S3  u. 


■■Si 


s-gls 


.  O  03  fl 


^ 


g^eCMNC^T-HT-ia505l>l>l>t»CDir)«D«OcOcDkOii5iOlOiOTt(T}<rtf'<l<-*Tl(Tl<Tjtrt< 


'5*3 


*3£ 


flfi 


ll  S-Sl  '  111!  °  *f  -  §1  SSIifeK  U  »  l"i  &§  331  § 

C-g-S  JS.3.S  ££^  ES.S-g^-g  2|9*1££  II  S"S-S  5  1-8 1  S  S  S  S 


at 


■*OC500000000i©CO»OiO>0>OiOiO- 


PM    00         53  arte  a       •  2  £  m«*  m+?      fl'S  <-• 

J_5      T"1  O  (N  O  CO  <©  ©  lO  "5  tfi  lO  U?  -*  ^  rj*  ^  tJ<  -*  ' 


III 

III 


©NO<OOOiO»0»OiOiOTti-<#'*^Ti<-^'<j»'*'*Tt< 


IS 

I   CO 


a  "r 


H 
O 

I 

o 
O 


i— i 

£3  2  Q  5 

(-.   53  00   U> 


•S3 


3-OP 

3    §     8     fl     fl 


o 

•3  'all5 

is  M  c   .  a  fe 


tJ  a  X  <n  a  oo  _   _,        w  OJ2iLj  o  r 

B3!l|s8SB4sririli 


:4J,S  o  3 


Jh   (m   ffi   t-t  *«  i— h    ^  O   O  ^3   m   m   rt  * "   S    ,~^C/J,~'   <K 


©NOCUMMINlNHHHOOOOSCiMNNNNNNNtOOtOcOiOiOiOiO'*^^^^^'*^*'*    I  O 


58 


THE   GRADUATE   SCHOOL   OF   ARTS  AND    SCIENCES 


Table  VI.  —  Holders  of  Degrees  from  Harvard  and 

TWENTY-FOUR    OTHER   COLLEGES   AND   UNIVERSITIES: 

1905-06  —  1920-21 


CO 

o 
o 

OS 

o 
o 

00 

o 

t~ 

o 

OS 

C5 

o 

00 

o 

OS 

© 
o 

OS 

OS 

OS 

CO 

2 

OS 

OS 

OS 

CO 

os 

os 

00 

os 

os 
os 

o 

s 

os 

O 

OS 

03 
O 

Total  Membership 

409 

407 

424 

429 

452 

484 

475 

504 

529 

573 

652 

650 

321 

140 
12 
6 
2 
4 
4 
5 
4 
4 
4 
5 
4 

3 
4 
6 
6 
1 
2 
2 
2 
2 
1 

1 

358 

174 
8 
8 
4 
9 
6 
4 
5 
4 
8 
3 
3 

5 

8 
5 
6 
1 

2 
2 
2 
1 
2 

1 

564 

209 

15 

12 

13 

13 

9 

11 

7 

4 

12 

7 

7 

3 
3 
7 
6 
5 
9 
4 
6 
2 
4 
1 
3 

568 

247 
16 

8 
11 
17 

5 
10 

8 

7 
11 
10 
12 

4 
8 
7 
6 
5 
8 
4 
5 

5 
2 
5 

197 
6 
8 
3 
7 
8 
7 
3 

12 
4 

10 
4 
5 
3 
2 
1 
1 
3 
3 
1 
4 

12 
3 
4 
3 

185 
10 
7 
5 
8 
7 
3 
5 
4 
7 
6 
4 
5 
4 
2 
2 
1 
5 
8 
2 
5 
4 
3 
2 
3 

182 
8 
6 
6 
6 
10 
7 
6 
8 
5 
9 
4 
3 
4 
4 

2 
3 

4 
6 
5 
5 
3 
3 
4 

182 
9 
5 
8 
5 
9 
6 
4 
9 
11 
7 
5 
6 
7 
6 
4 
6 
4 
5 
5 
3 
3 
4 
3 
1 

199 
10 
7 
7 
3 
14 
8 
5 
6 
5 
6 
8 
8 
8 
6 
5 
6 
7 
2 
6 
6 
4 
4 
3 
1 

218 
11 
7 
9 
7 
8 
6 
4 
7 
5 
3 
8 
8 
3 
5 
5 
8 
5 
6 
3 
6 
4 

4 
4 

211 
13 
16 
10 

8 
5 
7 
6 
5 
4 
7 
5 
8 
3 
4 
2 
6 
7 
7 
2 
8 
5 
2 
4 
3 

215 
21 
16 
10 

7 
5 
9 

7 
7 

6 
7 
6 
4 
5 
5 
9 
8 
5 
4 

5 

239 

17 

14 

10 

8 

4 

11 

9 

6 

3 

4 

9 

11 

5 

8 

7 

2 

4 

3 

7 

5 

4 

5 

4 

1 

232 

22 

15 

13 

10 

8 

10 

12 

12 

6 

7 

6 

11 
9 
9 
6 
5 
2 
7 
2 
5 
7 
2 
6 

269 
17 
18 
12 

6 
14 

7 
14 
11 
11 

8 

5 

13 
6 

10 
5 
6 
3 

10 
6 
2 
5 
6 
6 

279 

22 

20 

11 

7 

7 

10 
19 
11 
13 
11 
10 

10 

7 
12 
7 
2 
2 
5 
2 
3 
5 
4 
5 

3378 

217 

Yale 

173 

134 

125 

123 

121 

118 

117 

109 

109 

101 

Haverford 

100 

90 

Mass.  Inst,  of  Tech.  . . 
Tufts 

87 
87 

Northwestern 

83 
71 

Toronto 

71 

Texas 

70 

67 

Ohio  Wesleyan 

Oberlin 

56 
53 

Dalhousie 

47 

Leland  Stanford  Jr.  .  . 

47 

Table  VII. — Birthplaces  of  Graduate  Students 
1918-21 

1918-19 

Students  born  in  the  New  England  States 138 

Students  born  in  other  Northern  States  east  of  the  Mississippi 

River 96 

Students  born  in  Southern  States  east  of  the  Mississippi  River  15 

Students  born  in  States  west  of  the  Mississippi  River 37 

Students  born  in  the  Dominion  of  Canada 9 

Students  born  in  other  foreign  countries 63 

Total  number  of  students 358 

Percentage  of  students  born  in  New  England 39 

Percentage  of  students  born  elsewhere 61 


1919-20 

1920-21 

170 

169 

171 

163 

31 

53 

69 

61 

24 

14 

99 

108 

564 

568 

30 

30 

70 

70 

Tables  VIII  and  IX  set  forth  the  number  of  candidates  recom- 
mended for  higher  degrees  and  their  distribution  throughout  the 
various  Divisions  and  Departments. 


1920 
151 
49 
200 

1921 
147 
49 
196 

1 

1 

201 

197 

42 

61 

1 
1 

157 
— -201 

2 

1 
133 
197 

THE   GRADUATE    SCHOOL   OF   ARTS  AND    SCIENCES  59 


Table  VIII.  —  Recommendations  for  Degrees  in  1919-21 

1919 

I.    Graduate  Students  recommended  for  A.M 30 

Graduate  Students  recommended  for  Ph.D 24 

54 

II.    Divinity  Students  recommended  for  A.M.  on  approved 
courses  of  study 

Total  number  recommended  for  A.M.  and  Ph.D.  54 

III.   Harvard  Bachelors  of  Arts  or  Science,  not  previously 

graduated  elsewhere   13 

Harvard  Bachelors  of  Arts  or  Science,  previously  grad- 
uated elsewhere 

Harvard  Associates  in  Arts 

Students  not  Harvard  Bachelors  of  Arts  or  Science   ....         41 

54 


Table  IX.  —  Divisions  and  Departments  in  which  Recom- 
mendations for  the  Higher  Degrees  were  made  in  1921 

Degrees 
Division  Department  A.M.  Ph.D. 

Semitic  Languages  and  History   2 

Ancient  Languages   5  2 

Modern  Languages: 

English    24  9 

Germanic  Languages  and  Literatures   2  1 

French,  and  other  Romance  Languages    9 

Comparative  Literature 1  1 

In  more  than  one  Department   3 

Total  in  Modern  Languages   39  11 

History,  Government,  and  Economics: 

History   12  7 

Government 3  2 

Economics    22  4 

Business  Economics    1 

In  more  than  one  Department  7 

Total  in  History,  Government,  and  Economics 44  14 

Philosophy   12  5 

Education 2 

Fine  Arts 

Music    

Mathematics    7 

Physics    8  1 

Chemistry 20  4 

Biology: 

Botany    3  3 

Zoology 1  4 

Total  in  Biology    4  7 

Geology 

Anthropology 2 

Medical  Sciences 3 

Professional  Students: 

Divinity  School 1 

Total  148  49 


60  THE   GRADUATE    SCHOOL   OF  ARTS  AND   SCIENCES 

The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy  was  conferred  upon  the 
forty-nine  men  named  below :  — 

Boeis  Aronovitch,  a.m.  {Columbia  Univ.)  1916. 

Subject,  Medical  Sciences.  Special  Field,  Bacteriology.  Thesis,  "The 
Soluble  Toxic  Substances  Produced  by  the  Organisms  of  the  Colon- 
Typhoid  Group."  Instructor  in  Chemistry,  St.  Louis  University  School  of 
Medicine. 

Harold  Hooper  Blanchard,  a.b.  (Clark  Coll)  1916,  a.m.  (Harvard  Univ.) 
Feb.  1921. 
Subject,  Philology.   Special  Field,  English  Philology.    Thesis,  "Italian  In- 
fluence on  the  Faerie  Queene."   Frederick  Sheldon  Fellow,  in  Rome. 

Brand  Blanshard,  a.b.  (Univ.  of  Michigan)  1914,  a.m.  (Columbia  Univ.)  1918, 
s.b.  (Univ.  of  Oxford)  1920. 
Subject,  Philosophy.    Special  Field,  Logic.    Thesis,  "The  Nature  of  Judg- 
ment."  Assistant  Professor  of  Philosophy,  University  of  Michigan. 

Leland  David  Bttshnell,  s.b.  (Michigan  Agricultural  Coll.)  1905,  s.m.  (Univ. 
of  Kansas)  1915. 
Subject,  Medical  Sciences.   Special  Field,  Bacteriology.    Thesis,  "A  Study 
of  the  Bacteria  Found  in  Spoiled  Canned  Asparagus."   Professor  of  Bac- 
teriology, Kansas  State  Agricultural  College. 

Merton  Kirk  Cameron,  a.b.  (Princeton  Univ.)  1908,  a.m.  (Harvard  Univ.) 
1914. 
Subject,  Economics.   Special  Field,  Economic  History.    Thesis,  "The  His- 
tory of  Tobacco-Growing  in  the  Ohio  Valley."  Assistant  Professor  of  Eco- 
nomics, University  of  Oregon. 

Robert  Ralston  Cawley,  a.b.  1915  (1914),  a.m.  1915. 

Subject,  Philology.  Special  Field,  English  Philology.  Thesis,  "The  In- 
fluence of  the  Voyagers  in  Non-Dramatic  English  Literature  between 
1550  and  1650."     Rogers  Fellow,  in  London. 

Samuel  Wood  Chase,  a.b.  (Bowdoin  Coll.)  1914,  a.m.  (Harvard  Univ.)  1916. 
Subject,  Biology.  Special  Field,  Zoology.  Thesis,  "The  Mesonephros  and 
Urogenital  Ducts  of  Necturus  maculosus  Rafinesque."  Instructor  in 
Biology,  Western  Reserve  University  School  of  Dentistry. 

Benjamin  Crocker  Clough,  a.b.  1911,  a.m.  1918. 

Subject,  Philology.  Special  Field,  English  Philology.  Thesis,  "The  Meta- 
physical Poets:  John  Donne  and  his  School."  Instructor  in  English, 
Brown  University. 

William  Harder  Cole,  a.b.  (Hamilton  Coll.)  1914,  a.m.  (Harvard  Univ.)  1916. 
Subject,  Biology.  Special  Field,  Zoology.  Thesis,  "The  Transplantation  of 
Skin  in  Frog  Tadpoles."   Professor  of  Biology,  Lake  Forest  College. 

Emmett  Reid  Dunn,  a.b.  (Haverford  Coll.)  1915,  a.m.  (ibid.)  1916. 

Subject,  Biology.  Special  Field,  Zoology.  Thesis,  "  The  Salamanders  of  the 
Family  Plethodontidae."  Associate  Professor  of  Biology,  Smith  College. 

Edward  Charles  Ehrensperger,  a.b.  1916,  a.m.  1918. 

Subject,  Philology.  Special  Field,  English  Philology.  Thesis,  "Dreams  in 
Middle  English  Literature."   Frederick  Sheldon  Fellow,  in  Bonn. 

Rudolf  Herbert  Ernst,  a.b.  (Northwestern  Univ.,  Wis.)  1904,  a.m.  (Harvard 
Univ.)  1911. 
Subject,  Philology.    Special  Field,  Germanic  Philology.    Thesis,  "Shaftes- 
bury and  Herder." 

Herbert  Feis,  a.b.  1916. 

Subject,  Economics.  Special  Field,  Labor  Problems.  Thesis,  "An  Investi- 
gation of  Wage  Principles  Underlying  a  Policy  of  Industrial  Peace." 
Associate  Professor  of  Economics,  University  of  Kansas. 


THE   GRADUATE   SCHOOL  OF  ARTS  AND    SCIENCES  61 

Goodwin  LeBaron  Foster,  a.b.  (Dartmouth  Coll.)  1913. 

Subject,  Medical  Sciences.  Special  Field,  Biochemistry.  Thesis,  "A  Study 
of  the  Glucose  to  Nitrogen  Ratios  of  the  Phlorhizinized  Dog,  Cat,  and 
Rabbit,  and  the  Depancreatized  Dog."  Associate  Professor  of  Biochem- 
istry, University  of  California. 

George  Bruce  Franklin,  a.b.  (Univ.  of  Georgia)  1903,  a.m.  (Harvard  Univ.) 
1913. 
Subject,  Philology.    Special  Field,  English  Philology.    Thesis,  "Abraham 
Cowley."   Professor  of  English,  Evansville  College. 

Joseph  Vincent  Fuller,  a.b.  1914. 

Subject,  History.  Special  Field,  Diplomatic  History.  Thesis,  "The  Trans- 
formation of  Bismarck's  European  System."  Research  Assistant,  Am- 
herst. 

William  Henry  George,  a.b.  (Geneva  Coll.)  1900,  a.b.  (Harvard  Univ.)  1902, 
a.m.  (Princeton  Univ.)  1906,  b.d.  (Princeton  Theological  Sent.)  1907. 
Subject,  Political  Science.  Special  Field,  Political  Theory.   Thesis,  "French 
Political  Theory  since  1848,  with  Special  Reference  to  Syndicalism."   323 
South  Bonnie  Brae  Street,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Colin  Brummitt  Goodykoontz,  a.b.  (Univ.  of  Colorado)  1912,  litt.m.  (Univ. 
of  California)  1914. 
Subject,  History.  Special  Field,  American  History.  Thesis,  "The  Home 
Missionary  Movement  and  the  West,  1798-1861,  with  Particular  Refer- 
ence to  the  American  Home  Missionary  Society."  Assistant  Professor  of 
American  History,  University  of  Colorado. 

Felix  Gustap  Gustafson,  a.b.   (Univ.  of  Wisconsin)  1915,  a.m.   (Harvard 
Univ.)  1919. 
Subject,  Biology.  Special  Field,  Botany.   Thesis,  "A  Study  of  the  Respira- 
tion of  certain  Lower  Fungi."   Instructor  in  Botany,  University  of  Michi- 
gan. 

Harrison  LeRoy  Harley,  s.b.  (Univ.  of  Pennsylvania)  1911. 
j,  Subject,  Philosophy.    Special  Field,  Psychology.    Thesis,  "The  Develop- 

d  ment  of  Psychological  Tests  for  Office  Clerks."    Assistant  Professor  of 

i  Psychology,  Simmons  College. 

Atcheson  Laughlin  Hench,  a.b.  (Lafayette  Coll.)  1912,  a.m.  (Harvard  Univ.) 
1917. 
Subject,  Philology.    Special  Field,  English  Philology.    Thesis,  "The  Al- 
legorical Personification  of  Ratio  to  the  Year  1400."  Assistant  Professor  of 
English,  Wesleyan  University,  Conn. 

6,    Joseph  Paul  Hettwer,  a.b.  (Marquette  Univ.)  1915,  a.m.  (Catholic  Univ.  of 
America)  1916,  a.m.  (Harvard  Univ.)  1917. 
Subject,  Philosophy.    Special  Field,  Psychology.    Thesis,  "Studies  in  the 
Conditioned  Reflex."   Philip  H.  Sears  Scholar,  in  London. 

Orren  Chalmer  Hormell,  a.b.  (Indiana  Univ.)  1904,  a.m.  (ibid.)  1905,  a.m. 
(Harvard  Univ.)  1909. 
Subject,  Political  Science.    Special  Field,  Municipal  Government.    Thesis, 
"Selected  Problems  in  Municipal  Finance."    Professor  of  History  and 
Government,  Bowdoin  College. 

Merritt  Yerkes  Hughes,  a.b.  (Boston  Univ.)  1915,  a.m.  (ibid.)  1916,  a.m. 
(Univ.  of  Edinburgh)  1918. 
Subject,   Philology.     Special   Field,   English   Philology.     Thesis,    "Some 
Aspects  of  the  Relation  of  Edmund  Spenser's  Poetry  to  Classical  Litera- 
ture."    American  Field  Service  Fellow,  in  Paris. 

Duncan  Clark  Hyde,  a.b.  (McGill  Univ.)  1917,  a.m.  (Harvard  Univ.)  1918. 
Subject,  Economics.    Special  Field,  Public  Finance.    Thesis,  "The  War 
Finance  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada."   Assistant  Professor  of  Economics, 
Knox  College. 


■ 


62  THE   GRADUATE   SCHOOL   OF   ARTS  AND    SCIENCES 

Ondess  Lamar  Inman,  a.b.  (Indiana  Univ.)  1915,  s.m.  (Univ.  of  Idaho)  1916. 
Subject,  Biology.   Special  Field,  Botany.    Thesis,  "A  Study  of  Respiration 
as  Related  to  Injury  and  Recovery."    Professor  of  Biology,  Antioch 
College. 

Andrew  Affleck  Kerr,  a.b.  (Univ.  of  Utah)  1907,  a.m.  (Harvard  Univ.)  1917. 
Subject,  Anthropology.  Special  Field,  Ethnology.  Thesis,  "Similarities  in 
Material  Culture  between  the  Old  and  the  New  World."  Assistant  Pro- 
fessor of  Archaeology,  University  of  Utah. 

Albert  Ludwig  Kohlmeier,  a.b.  (Indiana  Univ.)  1908,  a.m.  (Harvard  Univ.) 
1911. 
Subject,  History.    Special  Field,  American  History.    Thesis,  "The  Com- 
mercial Relations  between  the  United  States  and  the  Netherlands  and 
Dutch  West  Indies,  1783-1789."   Professor  of  History,  Indiana  University. 

Samuel  Kirkland  Lothrop,  a.b.  1915. 

Subject,  Anthropology.  Special  Field,  Archaeology.  Thesis,  "The  Ceram- 
ics of  Northern  Costa  Rica  and  Western  Nicaragua."  Research  Assistant 
in  Anthropology,  Carnegie  Institution,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Hector  John  MacLeod,  s.b.  (McGill  Univ.)  1914,  s.m.  (Univ.  of  Alberta)  1916, 
a.m.  (Harvard  Univ.)  Feb.  1921. 
Subject,  Physics.   Special  Field,  Electric  Oscillations.    Thesis,  "The  Varia- 
tion with  Frequency  of  the  Loss  of  Energy  in  Dielectrics."  Associate  Pro- 
fessor of  Physics,  University  of  Alberta. 

William  Moulton  Marston,  a.b.  1915,  ll.b.  1918. 

Subject,  Philosophy.  Special  Field,  Psychology.  Thesis,  "Systolic  Blood 
Pressure  and  Reaction-Time  Symptoms  of  Deception  and  of  Constituent 
Mental  States."     Lawyer,  60  State  Street,  Boston. 

Richard  Stockton  Meriam,  a.b.  1914. 

Subject,  Economics.  Special  Field,  Social  Ethics.  Thesis,  "Trade  Unions 
in  Germany,  1865-1914."  Instructor  in  Economics,  and  Tutor  in  the 
Division  of  History,  Government,  and  Economics,  Harvard  University. 

Laurence  Bradford  Packard,  a.b.  1909. 

Subject,  History.  Special  Field,  French  History.  Thesis,  "Some  Antece- 
dents of  the  Conseil  du  Commerce  of  1700."  Watson  Professor  of  History, 
University  of  Rochester. 

Sidney  Raymond  Packard,  a.b.  (Amherst  Coll.)  1915,  a.m.  (Harvard  Univ.) 
1916. 
Subject,  History.    Special  Field,  Mediaeval  History.    Thesis,  "The  Ad- 
ministration of  Normandy  under  Richard  and  John,  1189-1204."   Assist- 
ant Professor  of  History,  Smith  College. 

James  Plummer  Poole,  s.b.  (Univ.  of  Maine)  1912,  a.m.  (Harvard  Univ.)  1918- 
Subject,  Biology.  Special  Field,  Botany.  Thesis,  "Comparative  Anatomy 
of  the  Leaf  of  the  Cycads  with  Reference  to  the  Cycadofilicales."  Assist- 
ant in  Zoology,  Harvard  University. 

Lester  Marsh  Prindle,  a.b.  (Univ.  of  Vermont)  1915,  a.m.  (Harvard  UnivA 
1916. 
Subject,  Philology.  Special  Field,  Classical  Philology.  Thesis,  "Quaes- 
tiones  de  libello  quern  Iulius  Firmicus  Maternus  scripsit  de  errore  pro- 
fanarum  religionum."  Assistant  Professor  of  Latin,  University  oi 
Vermont. 

John  Revell  Reinhard,  a.b.  1915,  a.m.  1916. 

Subject,  Philology.  Special  Field,  Comparative  Literature.  Thesis 
"Amadas  et  Ydoine:  A  Study  in  Comparative  Literature."  Frederic! 
Sheldon  Fellow,  in  Paris. 

Sandford  Meddick  Salyer,  a.b.  (Amherst  Coll.)  1904,  a.m.  (Harvard  Univ. 
1914. 
Subject,  Philology.  Special  Field,  English  Philology.    Thesis,  "Joseph  Hal 
as  a  Literary  Figure,  with  Special  Reference  to  his  Satiric  Writings. ' 
Assistant  Professor  of  English,  University  of  Oklahoma. 


THE    GRADUATE    SCHOOL   OF   ARTS   AND    SCIENCES  63 

Thomas  Henry  Sanders,  b.com.  (Univ.  of  Birmingham)  1905,  m.com.  (ibid.) 
1914. 
Subject,  Business  Economics.    Special  Field,  Accounting.    Thesis,  "The 
Valuation  of  Assets  for  Rate-Making  Purposes."    Assistant  Professor  of 
Accounting,  Harvard  University. 

Cleveland  Sylvester  Simkins,  a.b.  (Univ.  of  Oregon)  1916. 

Subject,  Biology.  Special  Field,  Zoology.  Thesis,  "On  the  Origin  and  Mi- 
gration of  so-called  Primordial  Germ  Cells  in  the  Mouse  and  Rat."  Assist- 
ant Professor  of  Anatomy,  Histology,  and  Embryology,  Medical  School, 
University  of  Tennessee. 

Lee  Irvin  Smith,  a.b.  (Ohio  State  Univ.)  1913,  a.m.  (ibid.)  1915,  a.m.  (Harvard 
Univ.)  1917. 
Subject,  Chemistry.  Special  Field,  Organic  Chemistry.  Thesis,  I.  "The 
Addition  Reactions  of  Unsaturated  Ketones."  II.  "The  Bromination  of 
Acetacetic  Ester."  III.  "The  Action  of  Alkalis  on  Nitrocyclopropanes." 
Assistant  Professor  of  Organic  Chemistry,  University  of  Minnesota. 

Stanley  Barney  Smith,  a.b.  1916,  a.m.  1917. 

Subject,  Philology.  Special  Field,  Classical  Philology.  Thesis,  "De  Sorti- 
tione  apud  Athenienses."   Instructor  in  Latin,  Ohio  State  University. 

Charles  Phelps  Smyth,  a.b.  (Princeton  Univ.)  1916,  a.m.  (ibid.)  1917. 

Subject,  Chemistry.  Special  Field,  Physical  Chemistry.  Thesis,  "Solid 
Thallium  Amalgams."    Instructor  in  Chemistry,  Princeton  University. 

Benjamin  Leslie  Souther,  s.b.   (Univ.  of  Minnesota)  1916.  s.m.   (Purdue 
Univ.)  1918. 
Subject,  Chemistry.    Special  Field,  Organic  Chemistry.    Thesis,  I.    "On 
Hydroxypyridines."     II.    "On   Delta-Ketonic   Nitriles."     Instructor  in 
Chemistry,  University  of  Illinois. 

William  Sentman  Taylor,  s.b.   (Pennsylvania  Coll.)   1916,  a.m.   (Harvard 
Univ.)  1920. 
Subject,  Philosophy.    Special  Field,  Epistemology.     Thesis,  "Belief  and 
Behavior."   Lecturer  in  Psychology,  Bryn  Mawr  College. 

Reginald  George  Trotter,  a.b.  (Yale  Univ.)  1911,  a.m.  (Harvard  Univ.) 

1915. 

Subject,  History.    Special  Field,  Canadian  History.    Thesis,  "A  Study  of 

the  more  Immediate  Influences  Leading  to  the  Federation  of  the  Dominion 

of  Canada."   Assistant  Professor  of  British  History,  Stanford  University. 

Philip  Francis  Weatherill,  a.b.  (Bowdoin  Coll.)  1916,  a.m.  (Harvard  Univ.) 
1917. 
Subject,  Chemistry.  Special  Field,  Analytical  Chemistry.  Thesis,  I. 
"The  Change  in  Volume  of  Potassium  Chloride  upon  Solution  in  Water." 
II.  "A  Revision  of  the  Atomic  Weight  of  Silicon."  Instructor  in  Inor- 
ganic and  Physical  Chemistry,  University  of  Michigan. 

Shepard  Halsey  Werlein,  Jr.,  a.b.  (Vanderbilt  Univ.)  1897,  a.m.  (ibid.)  1898, 
s.t.b.  (Univ.  of  the  South)  1902,  a.m.  (Harvard  Univ.)  1918. 
Subject,  Philology.    Special  Field,  English  Philology.    Thesis,  "Edmund 
Waller:  A  Study  of  his  Life  and  Works."    Rector,  Grace  Church,  Rose- 
dale,  Miss. 

Carl  Wittke,  a.b.  (Ohio  State  Univ.)  1913,  a.m.  (Harvard  Univ.)  1914. 

Subject,  History.  Special  Field,  English  History.  Thesis,  "The  History  of 
Parliamentary  Privilege  in  England."  Assistant  Professor  of  American 
History,  Ohio  State  University. 


64  THE   GRADUATE   SCHOOL  OF   ARTS  AND   SCIENCES 

Table  X.  —  Fellowships  and  Scholarships  (1919-22)  * 
1.  Applications  and  Appointments 


1919-20     1920-21      1921-22 

Spring  applicants  for  reappointment  or  promotion 65  74  73 

Spring  applicants  for  a  first  appointment 232  268  257 

Later  applicants    47  23  52 

—344       365       382 

Appointed  to  fellowships  32  35  30 

Appointed  to  scholarships  93  76  83 

Appointed  instructors,  teaching  fellows,  or  assistants 22  33  25 

147      144      138 

Deduct  for  repetitions   5 

—142      144 138 

Entered  or  continued  in  the  Graduate  School  of  Arts  and 
Sciences  without  receiving  any  of  the  above-named  appoint- 
ments    40  60  80 

Entered  undergraduate  classes  of  Harvard  College . .  2  2 

Entered  other  Departments  of  the  University 1  6  8 

-41        68        90 

Applicants  who  were  at  the  University  in  the  year  following 

their  applications 183  212  226 

Applicants  not  at  the  University  in  that  year 161  153  156 

-344       365       382 

■ 
*  This  Table  is  based  primarily  upon  the  work  of  the  Committee  on  Fellowships  and  other 
Aids  for  Graduate  Students,  and  therefore  does  not  always  represent  the  total  number  of  ap- 
pointments awarded  to  Graduate  Students  in  any  given  year,  since  certain  appointments  are 
made  by  the  Corporation  upon  the  direct  recommendation  of  the  Committee  on  the  Sheldon 
and  other  General  Fellowships  and  in  similar  ways.  It  is,  however,  sufficiently  accurate  for 
purposes  of  comparison. 

h 


THE   GRADUATE    SCHOOL  OF  ARTS  AND   SCIENCES 


65 


2.   Classification  of  Applicants  and  Appointees 


1919-20 


1920-21 


1921-22 


Students  of  Philology 

Students  of  History,  Political  Science,  Philoso- 
phy, or  Education   

Students  of  Mathematics,  Physics,  or  Chemis- 
try   

Students  of  Natural  History    

Students  of  other  branches,  or  unclassified. . . . 

Students  in  Graduate  School  of  Arts  and 
Sciences 

Students  in  Harvard  College 

Students  in  other  Departments  of  the  Univer- 
sity   

Former  Students  in  some  Department  of  the 
University 

Persons  never  previously  members  of  the  Uni- 
versity   

♦Harvard  Bachelors  of  Arts  or  Science,  not  pre- 
viously graduated  elsewhere   

Harvard  Bachelors  of  Arts  or  Science  previously 
graduated  elsewhere   

Graduates  of  other  institutions,  not  Harvard 
Bachelors  of  Arts  or  Science      

Undergraduates  of  Harvard  College 

Undergraduates  of  other  institutions  and  other 
non-graduates      


103 

146 

62 

28 

5 


159 

77 

25 

5 


344 

71 
10 

1 

61 

201 


125 

40 

2 

1 
30 
52 


365 

130 
25 

3 

26 

181 


111 


344 

35 

1 

253 
11 

44 


125 
18 


16 


365 
40 


244 
25 


56 


111 
19 


17 


344 


125 


365 


111 


111 
144 


382 

129 
26 

1 

31 

195 


382 
55 


237 
25 


65 


382 


113 


113 
18 


113 


*  Harvard  College  Seniors  on  leave  of  absence  are  reckoned  as  graduates  of  Harvard  College. 

Fifty-two  fellowships  were  assigned  for  the  year  1920-21.  There 
were  twenty-five  resident  and  twenty-seven  non-resident  appoint- 
ments. A  list  of  the  incumbents  follows.  After  the  name  of  each 
fellow  is  given  the  name  of  his  fellowship,  the  subject  that  he 
studied,  and  his  present  occupation.  The  place  of  study  of  the  non- 
resident fellows  is  also  indicated. 


TRAVELLING  FELLOWS 

Edward  Frederick  Adolph,  Frederick  Sheldon  Fellow.    Biological  Chem- 
istry.    Paris. 

Instructor  in  General  Physiology,  University  of  Pittsburgh. 
Donald  Grove  Barnes,  Bayard  Cutting  Fellow.     History.     London. 

Parker  Fellow,  in  London. 


66  THE   GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  ARTS  AND   SCIENCES 

Carl  Fremont  Brand,  Parker  Fellow.     History.     London. 

Instructor  in  History,  University  of  Michigan. 
Niles  Carpenter,  Frederick  Sheldon  Fellow.    Social  Ethics.    London. 

Instructor  in  Social  Ethics,  Harvard  University. 
Michael  Hermond  Cochran,  Parker  Fellow.     History.     Berlin. 

Private  Tutor,  Cambridge. 
Charles   Emil   Kany,    Frederick   Sheldon   Fellow.     Romance   Languages. 
Paris. 
Associate  in  Spanish,  Bryn  Mawr  College. 
Clarence  Kennedy,  Charles  Eliot  Norton  Fellow.    Classics.   Athens. 

Assistant  Professor  of  Art,  Smith  College. 
David  Arnold  Keys,  Frederick  Sheldon  Fellow.    Physics.    Cambridge,  Eng- 
land. 
Research  Scholar,  Cavendish  Laboratory,  Cambridge,  England. 
Harry  Joshua  Leon,  Frederick  Sheldon  Fellow.     Classics.     Rome. 

Frederick  Sheldon  Fellow,  in  Rome. 
Charles  Harold  Livingston,  Frederick  Sheldon  Fellow.    Romance  Lan- 
guages.    Paris. 
Professor  of  Romance  Languages,  Bowdoin  College. 
Alfred  Edwin  Longueil,  Frederick  Sheldon  Fellow.   English.   Aberystwyth, 
Wales. 
Assistant  Professor  of  English,  Cornell  College. 
Samuel  Kirkland  Lothrop,  John  Harvard  Fellow.    Anthropology.    Chevy 
Chase,  Md. 
Research  Assistant  in  Anthropology,  Carnegie  Institution,  Washington, 
D.  C. 
Arthur  William  Marget,  Frederick  Sheldon  Prize  Fellow.  Semitic.  London. 

Third- Year  Graduate  Student.   Edward  Austin  Fellow. 
Frederick  Mere,  Frederick  Sheldon  Fellow.     History.     London. 

Instructor  in  History,  Harvard  University. 
John  William  Merten,  Parker  Fellow.     Romance  Languages.     Paris. 

3434  Telford  Avenue,  Cincinnati,  O. 
John  Richardson  Miller,  Parker  Fellow.   Romance  Languages.   Paris. 

Teacher  of  French,  Newton  High  School. 
Forrest   Hamilton    Murray,    Frederick   Sheldon    Fellow.     Mathematics. 
Paris. 
American  Field  Service  Fellow,  in  Paris. 
George  Blanchard  Phillips,  Parker  Fellow.    Philosophy.   Edinburgh. 

Instructor  in  Philosophy,  Drake  University. 
Arthur  Pope,  Sachs  Fellow.     Fine  Arts.     London. 

Professor  of  Fine  Arts,  Harvard  University. 
Lester  Marsh  Prindle,  Charles  Eliot  Norton  Fellow.   Classics.   Rome. 

Assistant  Professor  of  Latin,  University  of  Vermont. 
Walter  Silz,  Rogers  Fellow.     German.     Gaildorf,  Germany. 

Third- Year  Graduate  Student.    Edward  Austin  Fellow. 
Melville  Machol  Smith,  Elkan  Naumburg  Fellow.     Music.     Paris. 

John  Knowles  Paine  Fellow,  in  Paris. 
Merrill  Ten  Broeck  Spalding,  Belgian  Fellow.   History.     Ghent. 

Parker  Fellow,  in  Paris. 
Lawrence  D.  Steefel,  Rogers  Fellow.     History.     London. 

John  Harvard  Fellow,  in  Paris. 
Norman  Lewis  Torrey,  Belgian  Fellow.     Economics.     Ghent. 

Third- Year  Graduate  Student.     Instructor  in  French. 
Joseph  Leonard  Walsh,  Frederick  Sheldon  Fellow.   Mathematics.   Paris. 

Instructor  in  Mathematics,  Harvard  University. 
Joseph  Louis  Zimmerman,  Belgian  Fellow.   Philosophy.   Louvain. 
Third- Year  Graduate  Student.     Assistant  in  Philosophy. 


THE   GRADUATE   SCHOOL  OF  ARTS  AND   SCIENCES  ()7 

RESIDENT  FELLOWS 

Roy  Hidbmichi  Akagi,  Thayer  Fellow.     History. 
Harrison  Fellow,  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

Gordon  Willard  Allport,  Henry  Bromfield  Rogers  Memorial  Fellow.   Psy- 
chology. 
Third- Year  Graduate  Student.     Robert  Treat  Paine  Fellow. 

James  Waterhouse  Angell,  John  Thornton  Kirkland  Fellow.  Economics. 
Second- Year  Graduate  Student.  Tutor  in  the  Division  of  History,  Govern- 
ment, and  Economics. 

Olin  Winthrop  Blackett,  Thayer  Fellow.     Economics. 

Second- Year  Graduate  Student.     Assistant  in  Economics. 

Harold  Hooper  Blanchard,  Christopher  M.  Weld  Scholar.     English. 

Frederick  Sheldon  Fellow,  in  Rome. 
Brand  Blanshard,  Philip  H.  Sears  Scholar.     Philosophy. 

Assistant  Professor  of  Philosophy,  University  of  Michigan. 

Lewis  Edward  Brett,  Harris  Fellow.     Romance  Languages. 
Third- Year  Graduate  Student.     Harris  Fellow. 

Oscar  Cleon  Bridgeman,  Edward  Austin  Fellow.     Chemistry. 
Third- Year  Graduate  Student.     Edward  Austin  Fellow. 

Frederick  Mason  Carey,  Thayer  Fellow.     Classics. 

Third- Year  Graduate  Student.   William  Watson  Goodwin  Fellow. 
Leo  Isadore  Dana,  John  Tyndall  Scholar.     Physics. 

Third- Year  Graduate  Student.     Whiting  Fellow. 
Arthur  Burr  Darling,  John  Harvard  Fellow.     History. 

Instructor  in  History,  Simmons  College.   Fourth- Year  Graduate  Student. 
Merrill  James  Dorcas,  Edward  Austin  Fellow.     Chemistry. 

Instructor  in  Chemistry,  Wesleyan  University,  Conn. 
Edward  Charles  Ehrensperger,  Edward  Austin  Fellow.     English. 

Frederick  Sheldon  Fellow,  in  Bonn. 
Biraja  Sankar  Guha,  Hemenway  Fellow.     Anthropology. 

Second- Year  Graduate  Student.     Hemenway  Fellow. 
Marcus  Lee  Hansen,  Roosevelt  Research  Fellow.     History. 

Fourth- Year  Graduate  Student.    Tutor  in  the  Division  of  History,  Gov- 
ernment, and  Economics,  and  Assistant  in  History. 
Ondess  Lamar  Inman,  Thayer  Fellow.     Botany. 

Professor  of  Biology,  Antioch  College. 
Ernest  Lee  Jackson,  Du  Pont  Fellow.     Chemistry. 

Fourth- Year  Graduate  Student.     Du  Pont  Fellow. 
Norman  Macdonald,  Ozias  Goodwin  Memorial  Fellow.     History. 

Instructor  in  History,  Simmons  College.   Second- Year  Graduate  Student. 
Hugh  MacKenzie,  Francis  Parkman  Fellow.     History. 

Second- Year  Graduate  Student.   Austin  Teaching  Fellow  in  History. 
Francis  Henry  McMahon,  Willard  Scholar.     English. 

Professor  of  English,  Boston  College. 
Samuel  Rezneck,  Edward  Austin  Fellow.     History. 

Instructor  in  European  History,  Ohio  State  University. 
Edouard  Saerens,  Belgian  Fellow.     Chemistry. 

Second- Year  Graduate  Student.     Belgian  Fellow. 
Thomas  Henry  Sanders,  Henry  Lee  Memorial  Fellow.     Economics. 

Assistant  Professor  of  General  Accounting  Practice,  Industrial  Account- 
ing, and  Accounting  Principles,  Harvard  University. 
Stanley  Barney  Smith,  William  Watson  Goodwin  Fellow.     Classics. 

Instructor  in  Latin,  Ohio  State  University. 
William  Sentman  Taylor,  James  Walker  Fellow.     Philosophy. 

Lecturer  in  Psychology,  Bryn  Mawr  College. 


68  THE   GRADUATE   SCHOOL  OF  ARTS  AND   SCIENCES 

Table  XI. — Candidates  for  the  Master's  Degree:  1918-21 

1918-19     1919-20     1920-21 
Whole  number  of  men  who  applied  for,  or  stated  an  intention 

of  applying  for,  the  A.M.  degree    53  232  234 

Of  these  there  received  the  degree 30  148  148 

"       a         "     had    the    degree    postponed    because    of 

charges  unpaid 4  3 

"       "         "      had  the  degree  postponed  to  await  neces- 
sary  lapse    of   time   from    conferral    of 

Bachelor's  degree 3  1 

*       "         "     made  a  sufficient  record  but  did  not  apply       . .  3  5 

Total  number  who  completed  work —  30         —  158  — 157 

Of  the  rest  there  died 1 

«     «      «        «     -withdrew  from  the  School  before  the  end 

of  the  year 6  10  13 

"     a      "        "     failed  because  of  incomplete  or  unsatis- 


factory  records   

14 

58 

55 

a         «           ft              ft 

"         "  French  condition 

1 

2 

3 

«         «           a              a 

*         *  German  condition  .... 

1 

2 

2 

a        ft           »             « 

"         "  both  French  and  Ger- 
man conditions   

2 

a        «           ft             « 

"         "  other  conditions    

1 

1 

1 

"      "        "      were 

not  admitted  to  candidacy  because 

of  amount  of  outside  work 

1 

Total  number  who  did  not  complete  work   

— 

23 

— 

74 

— 

77 
53  232  234 

The  increase  of  the  tuition  fee  in  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences 
to  $250  will  fall  with  special  weight  upon  the  Graduate  School  of 
Arts  and  Sciences,  which  henceforth  has  the  highest  fee  of  any 
Graduate  School  in  the  country,  and,  with  one  exception,  con- 
siderably the  highest.  The  change  is  likely  to  affect  particularly 
students  from  a  distance,  already  suffering  from  the  increased  cost 
of  transportation.  It  is  noteworthy  that  the  requests  for  loans  have 
steadily  increased  in  the  last  few  months. 

During  the  year  the  Administrative  Board  has  given  special 
consideration  to  efforts  to  improve  the  use  of  English  by  Graduate 
Students.  Deficiencies  in  the  use  of  English  are  far  too  common 
in  American  universities,  and  the  nature  of  graduate  instruction  in 
many  subjects  fails  to  reveal  such  cases  of  weakness  in  the  early 
years  of  advanced  study,  so  that  it  frequently  happens  that  the 
Doctor's  dissertation  is  the  first  considerable  piece  of  written  work 
which  the  student  has  occasion  to  present.  Both  instructors  and 
students  have  been  notified  that  the  Administrative  Board  regards 
it  as  of  the  highest  importance  that  Graduate  Students  should 
cultivate  clear  and  accurate  expression  in  all  written  and  oral 
exercises,  and  a  special  adviser  for  Graduate  Students  has  been 
designated  by  the  Committee  on  the  Use  of  English  by  Students. 

CHARLES  H.  HASKINS,  Dean. 


COMMITTEE  ON  INSTRUCTION 

To  the  President  of  the  University:  — 

Sir,  —  I  have  the  honor  to  present  a  report  on  the  work  of  the 
Committee  on  Instruction  under  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences 
for  the  academic  year  1920-21. 

Instruction  in  1920-21 

With  the  following  list  of  courses  of  instruction  that  were  actu- 
ally given  under  the  authority  of  the  Faculty,  I  print  a  statement 
of  the  number  and  the  classification  of  the  students  in  each  course. 
The  figures  are  those  officially  returned  to  the  Recorder  by  the 
several  instructors  at  the  close  of  the  academic  year.  The  abbre- 
viations are  those  ordinarily  used  in  such  lists:  Se.,  Senior;  Ju., 
Junior;  So.,  Sophomore;  Fr.,  Freshman;  Sp.,  Special;  uC.,  Un- 
classified; ocC,  Candidate  for  the  Bachelor's  degree  out-of-course ; 
Gr.,  Graduate  School  of  Arts  and  Sciences;  G.B.,  Graduate  School 
of  Business  Administration;  Di.,  Divinity;  And.,  Andover  Theo- 
logical Seminary;  L.,  Law  School;  Me.,  Medical  School;  S.A., 
School  of  Architecture;  L.A.,  School  of  Landscape  Architecture; 
B.I.,  Bussey  Institution;  E.,  Engineering  School;  S.P.H.,  School 
of  Public  Health;  Ext,  Extension;  R.,  Radcliffe  College;  E.T.S., 
Episcopal  Theological  School;  B.U.,  Boston  University;  N.T.L, 
Newton  Theological  Institute;  Instr.,  Instructor;  Gr.  Ed.,  Grad- 
uate School  of  Education. 

GROUP  I 

SEMITIC  LANGUAGES  AND  HISTORY 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

El.  Professor  Kellner.  —  Hebrew.  Harper's  Elements  of  Hebrew.  Har- 
per's Introductory  Hebrew  Method  and  Manual.  Selections  from  the 
prose  narratives  of  the  Old  Testament. 

1  Gr.,  2  Se.,  3  Ju.,  1  So.,  2  Di.     Total  9. 

2.       Professor  Lyon.  —  Hebrew.     Syntax.     Extensive  reading  in  the  Old 

Testament.  1  Se.,  4  Ju.,  1  Di.     Total  6. 

4a  %f.  Professor  Lyon.  —  The  Old  Testament  as  History  and  as  Literature. 

To  the  Babylonian  Exile,  586  B.C. 

1  Se.,  9  Ju.,  2  So.,  1  uC,  2  ocC.,  1  Di.     Total  16. 

46  2hf.  Professor  Lyon.  —  The  Old  Testament  as  History  and  as  Literature. 

From  the  Babylonian  Exile  to  the  Destruction  of  Jerusalem  by  the 

Romans  in  70  a.  d.  6  Se.,  10  Ju.,  2  So.,  2  ocC,  2  uC.     Total  22. 


70  COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION 

8.  Dr.  Wolfson.  —  Post-Biblical  Hebrew.  Selections  from  the  Talmud, 
Midrash,  and  Biblical  commentaries.  1  Ju.,  1  ocC.     Total  2. 

9  2hf.  Dr.  Wolfson.  —  Jewish  Literature  and  Life  from  the  Second  Century 
to  the  End  of  the  Twelfth  Century.  2  Gr.,  3  Ju.,  1  So.,  5  uC.     Total  11. 

22.  Dr.  Wolfson.  —  Hebrew.  Selections  from  -Mediaeval  and  Modern 
Authors.     Hebrew  Composition. 

2  Gr.,  2  Se.,  3  Ju.,  1  Fr.,  1  ocC.     Total  9. 
Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

A6.  Professor  Arnold.  —  Religion  of  Israel.  History  of  the  religious  ideas 
and  institutions  of  Israel  from  the  earliest  times  to  the  Maccabean  Age. 

3  Gr.,  2  And.,  3  Di.,  2  E.T.S.     Total  10. 

Jll.  Professor  Lyon.  —  Assyrian  (second  course).  Selections  from  the 
historical,  poetical,  and  legal  writings.  1  Gr.     Total  1. 

il3.  Professor  Jewett.  —  Arabic.  Socin's  Grammar;  Briinnow's  Chresto- 
mathy.  4  Gr.,  1  Fr.,  1  ocC.     Total  6. 

il4.  Professor  Jewett.  —  Arabic  (second  course).  De  Goeje's  edition  of 
Wright's  Grammar;  selections  from  the  Qoran,  the  Hadith,  and  classical 
writers  on  geography  and  history.  2  Gr.,  1  Ju.,  1  R.   Total  4. 

19.  Professors  Jewett  and  Lyon.  —  Syriac  (second  course).  Noldeke's 
Syriac  Grammar;  selections  from  Syriac  prose  of  the  classical  period. 

2  Gr.     Total  2. 

25  lhf.  Dr.  Wolfson.  —  Spinoza  and  Mediaeval  Jewish  Philosophy.  A  study 
of  the  Eihica  and  the  Tractatus  theologico-politicus  in  the  light  of  their 
Jewish  philosophical  antecedents.  (This  course  is  the  same  as  Phi- 
losophy 27  %f.)  3  Gr.     Total  3. 

INDIC  PHILOLOGY 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

la  lhf.  Professor  Lanman.  —  Sanskrit  in  relation  to  English  and  Latin  and 
Greek.  4  Gr.     Total  4. 

1&  2hf.  Professor  Lanman.  —  Sanskrit  in  relation  to  English  and  Latin  and 
Greek  (continued).  Reading  of  classical  texts  (Lanman's  Reader). 
Selections  from  the  epic  poems  and  the  fable.    Bhagavad-Glta. 

3  Gr.     Total  3. 
Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

i4  lhf.  Professor  Lanman.  —  Pali.   Selections  from  the  Sacred  Books  of  Bud-  I 
dhism:  Andersen's  Reader.    Legends  of  the  Buddhist  Saints  (Harvard 
Oriental  Series,  vols.  28-30).  2  Gr.,  1  uC.     Total  3. 

i5  2hf.  Professor  Lanman.  —  Pali  (continued) .  The  Sacred  Books  of  Buddhism. 
Dialogues  of  the  Buddha  (selected  from  the  Digha  Nikaya. 

2  Gr.,  1  uC.     Total  3. 

9.  Professor  Woods. — Philosophical  Sanskrit.  Yoga  System.  Patafijali's 
Sutras,  with  the  Bhashya  and  the  Varttika,  and  with  the  Commentary 
of  Vachaspati-Mishra.  3  Gr.,  1  uC.    Total  4. 


COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION  71 

Course  of  Special  Study 

J20c.  Professor  Lanman.  —  (Sanskrit  Conference.)  Rapid  reading  and  dis- 
cussion of  Sanskrit  texts;  The  Various  Ways  to  Salvation  (Prasthana- 
Bheda) ;  select  Upanishads  (Isha,  Kena,  Katha,  Prashna,  and  Munda) ; 
The  Compend  of  All  the  Systems  (Sarva-Darshana-Sangraha). 

2  Gr.,  1  uC.,  1  Instr.     Total  4. 

THE  CLASSICS 

Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 

Greek 

G.        Associate  Professor  C.  N.  Jackson.  —  Course  for  Beginners. 

1  Gr.,  1  Ju.,  4  So.,  13  Fr.,  3  uC.,  1  ocC,  1  Sp.     Total  24. 

A.  Asst.  Professor  Hack.  —  Greek  Literature.  Homer:  Iliad,  Odyssey; 
Herodotus.  1  Gr.,  3  Ju.,  4  So.,  8  Fr.,  2  uC.     Total  18. 

B.  Professor  Gulick,  Associate  Professor  Post,  and  Dr.  Greene.  — 
Greek  Literature.  Plato;  Lyric  Poetry;  Euripides.  Lectures  on  the 
History  of  Greek  Literature. 

1  Gr.,  3  Ju.,  3  So.,  10  Fr.,  1  uC,  1  Sp.     Total  19. 

?  hf.    Dr.  Greene.  —  Greek  Prose  Composition  (first  course). 

1  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  uC.    Total  3. 
2.       Associate  Professors  C.  N.  Jackson  and  Post.  —  Greek  Literature. 
Aristophanes;  Thucydides;  Aeschylus;  Sophocles;  Euripides. 

2  Gr.,  3  Ju.,  5  So.,  1  ocC,  1  uC.     Total  12. 

3  hf.     Dr.  Greene.  —  Greek  Prose  Composition  (second  course). 

1  So.,  1  Ju.    Total  2. 
Latin 

A.  Dr.  Greene.  —  Cicero  and  Virgil.  8  Fr.    Total  8. 

B.  Professors  Clifford  H.  Moore  and  E.  K.  Rand,  Associate  Professor 
Jackson,  and  Asst.  Professor  Hack. — Latin  Literature.  Livy ;  Plautus; 
Terence;  Horace,  and  other  Latin  Poets. 

3  Ju.,  57  Fr.,  1  uC,  1  ocC.     Total  62. 

Ehf.  Dr.  Greene.  —  Latin  Composition  (first  course).  Translation  of 
English  narrative.  1  Ju.,  2  So.,  1  Fr.    Total  4. 

1.       Professor  A.  A.  Howard.  —  Latin  Literature.     Suetonius,  Tacitus; 
Pliny,  Martial.  1  Se.,  1  Ju.,  6  So.,  3  uC,  1  ocC.    Total  12. 

rd  13  hf.     Asst.  Professor  Hack.  —  Latin  Composition  (second  course). 

I  |  1  Ju.,  3  So.     Total  4. 

ffl   For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

Greek 

8.       Professor  Gulick.  —  Plato  (Republic) ;  Aristotle  (Ethics) ;  Survey  of 

Greek  Philosophy  from  Thales  to  Aristotle. 

4  Gr.,  1  Se.,  6  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  ocC.     Total  13. 
7  hf.  Associate    Professor    Jackson.  —  Greek    Prose    Composition    (third 

course).  3  Gr.    Total  3. 


72  COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION 

12.       Professor  Weir  Smyth.  —  History  of  Classical  Greek  Literature. 

4Gr.,  locC.     Total  5. 
10.       Professor  Gulick.  —  A  Survey  of  Greek  Civilization. 

15  Se.,  26  Ju.,  14  So.,  1  uC,  7  ocC,  1  Sp.     Total  64. 

14  2hf.  Professor  Clifford  H.  Moore.  —  Philosophy  and  Religion  in  Greek 

Literature  before  Plato.  2  Gr.,  3  Se.,  9  Ju.,  2  ocC,  1  Sp.     Total  17. 

Latin 

8.       Professors  Clifford  H.  Moore  and  E.  K.  Rand.  —  Latin  Literature. 
Tibullus,  Propertius,  Juvenal;  Cicero,  Lucretius. 

4  Gr.,  2  Se.,  6  Ju.,  2  Sp.     Total  14. 
7  hf.  Professor  E.  K.  Rand.  —  Latin  Composition  (third  course). 

4Gr.     Total  4. 
12.       Professor  A.  A.  Howard.  —  History  of  Latin  Literature. 

7  Gr.,  3  Se.,  3  Ju.,  1  ocC.     Total  14. 

Classical  Philology 
Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

25  lhf.  Associate  Professor  C.  N.  Jackson.  —  Introduction  to  the  Interpreta- 
tion and  Criticism  of  Classical  Authors.    History  of  Classical  Studies. 

5  Gr.     Total  5. 
$43  2hf.  Associate  Professor  Post.  —  Sophocles.  7  Gr.     Total  7. 

$40  %f.  Professor  Weir  Smyth.  —  Greek  Literature  of  the  Alexandrian  Age. 

7Gr.     Total  7. 
$42  2hf.  Professor  Weir  Smyth.  —  Greek  Literature  of  the  Roman  Age. 

8  Gr.     Total  8. 
$26  2hf.  Professor   Gulick.  —  Theocritus,    Bion,    Moschus,    and   Herondas. 
Greek  Pastoral  Poetry  with  some  study  of  the  Mime. 

4  Gr.,  1  ocC.   Total  5. 
39  lhf.  Professor  A.  A.  Howard.  —  The  Reigns  of  Claudius  and  Nero. 

2  Gr.     Total  2. 
$Comparative  Literature  5.    (See  Comparative  Literature,  p.  79.) 
$73  2hf.  Asst.  Professor  Hack.  —  Cicero.  2  Gr.,  5  Ju.     Total  7. 

$22  %f.  Professor  Clifford  H.  Moore.  —  Latin  Grammar.    Sounds  and  in- 
flections. 6  Gr.     Total  6. 
49  2hf.  Professor  A.  A.  Howard.  —  Latin  Palaeography.          8  Gr.     Total  8. 
76.       Professor  Ropes.  —  Acts  of  the  Apostles.  1  Di.     Total  1. 

20.    The  Seminary  of  Classical  Philology 

Professors  Weir  Smyth  and  E.  K.  Rand,  Directors  for  1920-21.  —  Training  iD 
philological  criticism  and  research.  Text-criticism  and  interpretation 
of  Greek  and  Latin  authors:  Aeschylus  and  the  Transmission  of  the 
Text  of  Latin  authors  in  the  Early  Middle  Ages.  4  Gr.     Total  4 

Classical  Archaeology 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

la  lhf.  Professor  Chase.  —  Greek  Archaeology. 

1  Gr.,  2  Se.,  1  Ju.,  1  Fr.     Total  5 


COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION  73 

lb  2hf.  Professor  Chase.  —  Etruscan  and  Roman  Archaeology. 

2  Gr.,  2  Ju.,  2  Fr.     Total  6. 
ENGLISH 
English  Composition  and  Public  Speaking 

Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 

A.  Professors  Briggs  and  Greenough,  and  Messrs.  Hersey,  Kempton, 

COUES,     NOYES,    AUSLANDER,     WlLLIAMS,      BACON,     CONNELY,     GEIST, 

Hoffman,  and  Wood.  —  Rhetoric  and  English  Composition,  Oral  and 
Written. 

1  Ju.,  21  So.,  509  Fr.,  7  uC,  1  ocC,  8  Sp.,  29  E.     Total  576. 
E.        Mr.  Kempton.  —  Special  Instruction  in  English  for  Foreign  Students. 

1  Gr.Ed.,  1  So.,  2  uC,  5  Sp.,  4  E.     Total  13. 
D  1  or  %f.    Asst.  Professor  Webster.  —  English  Composition. 

7  Se.,  20  Ju.,  31  So.,  32  Fr.,  1  uC,  1  ocC,  4  E.,  2  Sp.  Total  98. 
31.       Professor  Hurlbut.  —  English  Composition. 

6  Se.,  14  Ju.,  5  So.,  2  Fr.,  5  uC,  3  ocC,  1  E.     Total  36. 
6.       Mr.  Pier.  —  English  Composition. 

2  G.B.,  31  Se.,  79  Ju.,  102  So.,  14  Fr.,  36 uC,  15  ocC,  5  Sp.,  1  E.,  1 L.  Total  286. 
22.       Dr.  Maynadier,  assisted  by  Mr.  Whitney.  —  English  Composition. 
12  Se.,  26  Ju.,  19  So.,  1  Fr.,  3  uC,  8  ocC,  1  Sp.  Total  70. 

B.  Associate  Professor  Winter.  —  Fundamentals  of  Public  Speaking. 

5  Fr.,  3  uC,  1  ocC.  Total  9. 

10 x  or  2hf.   Associate  Professor  Winter,  assisted  by  Messrs.  Cawley  and 
Packard.  —  Public  Speaking.  Vocal  training;  extemporary  discussion. 
38  Se.,  80  Ju.,  83  So.,  7  Fr.,  34  uC,  13  ocC,  6  Sp.,  23  E.  Total  284. 
106  *hf.  Associate  Professor  Winter.  —  Vocal  Interpretation  of  Literature. 

2  Gr.,  2  Se.,  5  Ju.,  4  So.,  2  Fr.,  2  uC.     Total  17. 
10c  2hf.  Associate  Professor  Winter.  —  Masterpieces  of  Public  Address. 

2  Gr.,  3  Se.,  8  Ju.,  8  So.,  2  Fr.,  8  uC,  1  ocC,  2  E.     Total  34. 
18.       Professor  H.  B.  Huntington  (Brown  University). — The  Forms  of 
Public  Address.  1  Gr.,  1  Se.,  3  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  uC.     Total  7. 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 
12.       Associate  Professor  Copeland.  —  English  Composition. 

2  Gr.,  5  Se.,  10  Ju.,  7  So.,  3  uC,  1  ocC,  2  Sp.     Total  30. 
Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 
5.       Professor  Briggs.  —  English  Composition  (advanced  course). 

16  Gr.,  8  Se.,  7  Ju.,  1  So.,  3  ocC,  1  Sp.,  1  L.A.     Total  37. 
47.       Professor   Baker.  —  English   Composition.      The   Technique   of  the 
Drama.  6  Gr.,  1  ocC,  4  Sp.     Total  11. 

47a.     Professor  Baker.  —  The  Technique  of  the  Drama  (advanced  course). 

1  Gr.,  2  ocC,  2  Sp.     Total  5. 

English  Language  and  Literature 
Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 

28.       Professors  Briggs,  Kittredge,  Baker,  Hurlbut,  Lowes,  and  Mr. 
Murray.  —  History  and  Development  of  English  Literature  in  Outline. 

122  Fr.,  5  uC,  1  ocC,  2  Sp.     Total  130. 


74  COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION 

41.       Mr.  J.  G.  Hart,  assisted  by  Mr.  White.  —  History  of  English  Litera- 
ture from  the  Elizabethan  times  to  the  present. 

31  Se.,  54  Ju.,  45  So.,  1  Fr.,  17  uC,  5  ocC.    Total  153. 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

3a  lhf.  Asst.  Professor  Webster.  —  Anglo-Saxon. 

22  Gr.,  6  Se.,  7  Ju.     Total  35. 

1.  Professors  Lowes  and  F.  N.  Robinson.  —  Chaucer. 

17  Gr.,  7  Se.,  17  Ju.,  6  So.,  1  Fr.,  1  uC,  2  ocC.     Total  51. 

32.  Professor  Lowes.  —  English  Literature,  exclusive  of  the  Drama,  from 
the  beginning  of  the  Sixteenth  Century  until  the  Restoration. 

22  Gr.,  14  Se.,  16  Ju.,  25  So.,  5  uC,  2  ocC.    Total  84. 

2.  Professor  Kittredge.  —  Shakspere. 

20  Gr.,  27  Se.,  74  Ju.,  39  So.,  10  uC.,  5  ocC,  1  Sp.,  1  Di.,  1  And.,  1  N.T.I. 

Total  179. 
11a  xhf.  Asst.  Professor  Webster.  —  Bacon. 

3  Gr.,  15  Se.,  32  Ju.,  20  So.,  2  Fr.,  3  uC.     Total  75. 
116  2hf.  Professor  Lowes.  —  Milton. 

9  Gr.,  5  Se.,  24  Ju.,  20  So.,  1  Fr.,  7  uC.,  1  Sp.,  1  E.     Total  68. 
64  lhf.  Professor  Hurlbut.  —  Pope. 

19  Se.,  32  Ju.,  10  So.,  2  Fr.,  1  uC,  5  ocC,  1  Sp.,  1  L.     Total  71. 

52  %f.  Associate  Professor  Copeland.  —  Johnson  and  his  Circle. 

5  Gr.,  8  Se.,  42  Ju.,  38  So.,  11  uC,  3  ocC,  1  Sp.,  1  E.,  1  And.     Total  110. 

29a  lhf.  Dr.  Maynadier.  —  The  English  Novel  from  Richardson  to  Scott. 

7  Gr.,  14  Se.,  18  Ju.,  1  uC,  3  ocC,  1  Sp.    Total  44. 
296  2hf.  Dr.  Maynadier.  —  The  English  Novel  from  Dickens  to  the  Present 
Time.  6  Gr.,  15  Se.,  22  Ju.,  2  So.,  2  uC,  2  ocC,  3  Sp.     Total  52. 

48  2hf.  Professor  Briggs.  —  Browning. 

15  Gr.,  12  Se.,  16  Ju.,  4  So.,  5  uC,  1  ocC,  1  Sp.     Total  54. 

33.  Professor  Greenough  and  Mr.  Little.  —  American  Literature. 

6  Gr.,  19  Se.,  50  Ju.,  35  So.,  1  Fr.,  12  uC,  1  ocC,  1  Sp.     Total  125. 

Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

19  2hf.  Professor  F.  N.  Robinson.  —  Historical  English  Grammar. 

19  Gr.,  1  Se.     Total  20. 
36  2hf.  Professor  Kittredge.  —  Anglo-Saxon.    Beowulf. 

21  Gr.,  3  Se.,  1  Ju.,  1  ocC     Total  26. 

4.       Professor  F.  N.   Robinson  and  Asst.   Professor  Webster.  —  Early 

English.    English  Literature  from  1200  to  1450.    Matzner's  Altenglische 

Sprachproben.  26  Gr.,  1  ocC  Total  27. 

Comparative  Literature  26  xhf.   See  Comparative  Literature,  p.  80. 

44  2hf.  Professor  Kittredge.  —  Chaucer.  5  Gr.,  1  ocC.     Total  6. 

14.       Professor  Baker.  —  The  Drama  in  England  from  1590  to  1642. 

22  Gr.,  4  Se.,  4  Ju.,  1  ocC,  1  Sp.  Total  32, 
50  xkf.  Professor  Greenough. — Dryden  and  his  Time.  12  Gr.,  1  ocC.  Total  13. 
24  %f.  Professor  Lowes.  —  Studies  in  the  Poets  of  the  Romantic  Period. 

24  Gr.,  9  Se.,  3  Ju.,  1  So.,  2  uC,  1  ocC,  1  L.     Total  41 


1 


COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION  75 

Courses  of  Special  Study 

20.  The  Instructors  in  English  held  themselves  ready  to  assist  and  advise 
competent  Graduate  Students  who  might  propose  plans  of  special  study 
in  the  English  language  or  literature.  Such  plans,  however,  must  in  each 
case  have  met  the  approval  of  the  Department. 

Professor  Robinson.  2  Gr.     Total    2. 

Professor  Kittredge.  2  Gr.     Total    2 

Professor  Baker.  1  Gr.     Total    1* 

Professor  Lowes.  12  Gr.,  1  So.     Total  13. 

Professor  Babbitt.  1  Gr.     Total    1 . 

Professor  Greenough.  3  Gr.     Total    3. 

Dr.  Maynadier.  3  Gr.    Total    3 

GERMANIC  LANGUAGES  AND  LITERATURES 

German 
Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 

A.  Professor  Bierwirth,  Mr.  Briggs,  and  Drs.  Pettengill,  Herrick, 
Starck,  and  Burkhard.  —  Elementary  Course. 

13  Gr.,  1  Se.,  27  Ju.,  35  So.,  241  Fr.,  72  uC,  8  E.,  8  Sp.  Total  405. 

B.  Dr.  Herrick.  —  Elementary  Course  (counting  as  two  courses). 

1  Ju.,  8  Fr.,  6  uC.    Total  15. 

la.       Asst.  Professor  Lieder  and  Mr.  Briggs.  —  German  Prose  and  Poetry. 
1  Gr.,  2  Ju.,  21  So.,  11  Fr.,  6  uC,  1  E.     Total  42. 

16.  Dr.  Pettengill  and  Dr.  Burkhard.  —  German  Prose.  Subjects  in 
History,  Biography,  and  Military  Science. 

2  Gr.,  1  Se.,  4  Ju.,  7  So.,  8  Fr.,  9  uC,  1  Sp.,  1  E.     Total  33. 

lc.  Asst.  Professor  Lieder  and  Dr.  Pettengill.  —  German  Scientific 
Prose.    Subjects  in  Natural  and  Military  Science. 

1  Gr.,  2  Se.,  3  Ju.,  5  So.,  2  Fr.,  1  Sp.,  2  E.     Total  16. 

F  lhf.   Dr.  Starck.  —  Practice  in  speaking  and  writing  German  (first  course). 

2  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  Fr.,  1  uC.     Total  5. 

10,     H  -hf.  Dr.   Starck.  —  Practice  in  speaking  and  writing  German   (second 
course).  4  Ju.,  1  So.,  2  Fr.,  2  uC.     Total  9. 

&  2a.       Professor  von  Jagemann  and  Dr.  Starck.  —  Introduction  to  German 

tlf  I  Literature  of  the  Eighteenth  and  Nineteenth  Centuries.     Lessing, 

k  j  Goethe,  and  Schiller.    German  ballads  and  lyrics. 

11  1  Se.,  9  Ju.,  12  So.,  15  Fr.,  3  uC.     Total  40. 

3.       Associate  Professor  W.  G.  Howard.  —  Schiller.    Der  Dreissigjahrige 
1(5,  \  Krieg;   Wallenstein;    Maria  Stuart;   Die  Jungfrau  von  Orleans;   Die 

Braut  von  Messina;  Gedichte. 
;]2  1  Se.,  4  Ju.,  1  So.,  6  Fr.,  2  uC,  1  ocC,  1  E.     Total  16. 

j     4.       Professor  Walz.  —  Goethe.    Works  of  the  Storm  and  Stress  Period; 

autobiographical  works;   poems;   Egmont;   Iphigenie;   Tasso;   Faust. 

41  3  Se.,  5  Ju.,  4  So.,  3  Fr.,  5  uC.     Total  20, 


76  COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION 

5.  Asst.  Professor  Lieder.  —  German  Prose.  Subjects  in  German  History. 
Freytag;  Below  (Das  altere  deutsche  Stadtewesen  und  Burgertum); 
Richter  (Quellenbuch) ;  and  Tombo  (Deutsche  Reden). 

6  Se.,  5  Ju.,  3  So.,  2  Fr.,  1  uC.     Total  17. 

25  lhf.  Associate  Professor  W.  G.  Howard.  —  History  of  German  Literature  in 

Outline.  1  Gr.,  6  Se.,  11  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  ocC.     Total  20. 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

18  %f.  Professor  Bierwirth.  —  German  Grammar  and  practice  in  writing 

German  (advanced  course).  1  So.,  1  ocC.     Total  2. 

8.       Professor  Walz.  —  German  Literature  in  the  Twelfth  and  Thirteenth 

Centuries.    Nibelungenlied :  Kudrun;  Hartmann  (Der  arme  Heinrich) ; 

Wolfram  (Parzival);   Walther  von  der  Vogelweide.    Translation  into 

modern  German.  3  Gr.,  2  Se.,  1  Ju.     Total  6. 

6  1hf.  Professor  Bierwirth.  —  German  Literature  of  the  Eighteenth  Century 

to  the  death  of  Lessing.  5  Gr.,  1  Ju.,  1  ocC.     Total  7. 

7  2hf.  Professor  Bierwirth.  —  German  Literature  of  the  Classic  Period  after 

Lessing.  3  Gr.     Total  3. 

Comparative  Literature  8  and  10.    (See  Comparative  Literature,  p.  79.) 
26a  %f.  Associate  Professor  W.  G.  Howard.  —  German  Literature  in  the  first 

half  of  the  Nineteenth  Century.    Kleist;  Uhland;  Heine. 

1  Gr.,  2  Se.,  2  So.,  1  uC.     Total  6. 
266  2hf.  Associate  Professor  W.  G.  Howard.  —  German  Literature  in  the  second 

half  of  the  Nineteenth  Century.    The  development  of  the  novel  and  the 

drama.  4  Gr.,  1  Ju.,  1  So.     Total  6. 

Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

J13  2hf.  Associate   Professor  W.    G.    Howard.  —  The   Dramatic   Works   of 

Friedrich  Hebbel.  6  Gr.,  2  Ju.     Total  8. 

J  12a  2hf.  Professor  von  Jagemann.  —  Gothic.    Introduction  to  the  Study  of 

German ic  Philology.    General  introduction;  phonology. 

16  Gr.,  2  R.     Total  18. 
$126  2hf.  Professor  von  Jagemann.  —  Introduction  to  the  study  of  Germanic 

Philology  (continued).  4  Gr.     Total  4. 

Seminary  Course 
J20a  %f.  Professor  Walz.  —  Goethe  in  his  Maturity.       5  Gr.,  1  Se.     Total  6. 

ROMANCE  LANGUAGES  AND  LITERATURES 

French 
Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 

A.  Asst.  Professor  Hawkins,  and  Messrs.  G.  L.  Lincoln,  Gifford,  Horni- 
cek,  Brooks,  Hanson,  Dr.  Washburn,  and  Mr.  Ellis.  —  Elementary 
Course.    French  Grammar,  Translation,  and  Composition. 

4  Gr.,  1  Se.,  6  Ju.,  7  So.,  45  Fr.,  35  uC,  4  Sp.,  6  E.,  1  Di.     Total  109. 

B.  Dr.  Herrick.  —  Elementary  Course  (counting  as  two  courses).  French 
Grammar,  Translation,  and  Composition. 

1  Se.,  1  Ju.,  4  So.,  6  Fr.,  9  uC.     Total  21. 


COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION  77 

1.  Asst.  Professor  Hawkins,  and  Messrs.  G.  L.  Lincoln,  Hanson,  and 
L.  J.  Cook.  —  French  Prose  and  Poetry.  Translation  from  French  into 
English. 

1  Gr.,  1  Se.,  14  Ju.,  49  So.,  46  Fr.,  22  uC,  1  ocC.,  1  Sp.,  4  E.  Total  139. 

2.  Asst.  Professors  Whittem,  and  Messrs.  Raiche,  G.  L.  Lincoln,  Gif- 
ford,  Hornicek,  Brooks,  and  Ellis.  —  French  Prose  and  Poetry. 
Corneille;  Racine;  Moliere;  Victor  Hugo;  Alfred  de  Musset;  Balzac; 
Flaubert;  Daudet;  Zola.    Composition. 

5  Se.,  31  Ju.,  83  So.,  185  Fr.,  20  uC.,  3  ocC,  3  Sp.,  1  E.     Total  331. 

3.  Mr.  Raiche.  —  French  Composition  (elementary  course). 

4  Se.,  13  Ju.,  30  So.,  32  Fr.,  9  uC,  2  ocC,  1  Sp.,  1  E.     Total  92. 

4  lhf.    Asst.  Professor  Mercier.  —  French  Composition  (intermediate  course)  . 

2  Gr.,  2  G.B.,  1  Se.,  14  Ju.,  17  So.,  3  Fr.,  2  uC,  1  ocC.    Total  42. 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 
5  -hf.  Asst.  Professor  Mercier.  —  French  Composition  (advanced  course). 
3  Gr.,  9  Ju.,  12  So.,  3  Fr.,  1  uC.,  1  ocC.     Total  29. 

6.  Professors  Grandgent  and  Ford,  Associate  Professor  Allard,  Asst. 
Professors  Morize,  Hawkins,  and  Mercier,  and  Mr.  Raiche.  — 
General  View  of  French  Literature. 

1  Gr.,  11  Se.,  38  Ju.,  60  So.,  20  Fr.,  12  uC,  4  ocC,  1  Sp.   Total  147. 

7.  Associate  Professor  Allard.  —  French  Literature  in  the  Nineteenth 
Century.  4  Gr.,  12  Se.,  9  Ju.,  4  So.,  3  ocC.     Total  32. 

9.       Professor  Wright.  —  French  Literature  in  the  Seventeenth  Century. 
2  Gr.,  18  Se.,  21  Ju.,  5  So.,  1  uC.,  1  ocC.     Total  48. 
10  2hf.  Asst.  Professor  Mercier.  —  The  Social  Background  of  French  Litera- 
ture. 8  Se.,  8  Ju.,  7  So.,  4  Fr.,  1  uC,  3  ocC,  1  E.     Total  32. 
16.       Associate  Professor  Allard.  —  The  French  Comedy  of  Manners  from 
1850  to  the  Present  Time. 

1  Gr.,  10  Se.,  7  Ju.,  5  So.,  1  uC,  3  ocC.     Total  27. 

18  hf.  Professor  Babbitt.  —  Chateaubriand  and  the  Beginnings  of  the  French 

Romantic  Movement.  1  Gr.,  1  Se.,  7  Ju.,  1  Sp.     Total  10. 

30  2hf.  Professor  Henri  Guy  (University  of  Toulouse).     The  Sonnet  in  French 

Literature.  4  Se.,  5  Ju.,  1  uC,  1  ocC.     Total  11. 

Comparative  Literature  9.     (See  Comparative  Literature,  p.  79.) 

Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

113.      Professor  Sheldon.  —  History  of  French  Literature  prior  to  the  Four- 
teenth Century.  5  Gr.,  1  R.     Total  6. 

J14.      Professors  Sheldon  and  Ford.  —  French  Literature  in  the  Fourteenth 
and  Fifteenth  Centuries.  8  Gr.,  1  R.     Total  9. 

21.       Professor  Wright.  —  French  Literature  in  the   Sixteenth  Century* 
Origins  of  French  Classicism.  6  Gr.,  1  Ju.,  1  So.     Total  8- 

23  hf.  Professor  Wright.  —  Studies  in  the  French  Drama  of  the  Seventeenth 
Century.     Moliere;  Corneille;  Racine. 

2  Gr.,  1  Se.,  2  Ju.,  1  ocC.    Total  6. 

J24.      Asst.  Professor  Morize.  —  Methods  and  Practices  in  the  History  of 
Literature.  4  Gr.,  3  R.     Total  7. 


78  COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION 

25  2hf.  Asst.  Professor  Whittem.  —  La  Fontaine  and  the  Fable  in  France. 

1  Gr.,  2  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  ocC.    Total  5. 

Italian 

Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 
1.       Asst.  Professor  Weston.  —  Italian  Grammar,  reading,  and  composition. 
Modern  Italian  stories  and  plays. 

3  Se.,  13  Ju.,  7  So.,  6  Fr.,  3  uC.     Total  32. 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 
4  2hf.  Asst.  Professor  Weston.  —  General  View  of  Italian  Literature. 

4  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  Fr.,  1  uC.,  1  ocC.    Total  8. 
5.       Asst.  Professor  Weston.  —  Modern  Italian  Literature. 

1  Se.,  3  Ju.,  1  Fr.,  1  uC.,  1  Sp.     Total  7. 
10.       Professor  Grandgent.  —  The  Works  of  Dante,  particularly  the  Vita 
Nuova  and  the  Divine  Comedy. 

6  Gr.,  2  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  uC.,  1  Sp.     Total  11. 

Spanish 
Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 

1.  Mr.  Rivera,  and  Messrs.  G.  L.  Lincoln,  and  Hornicek,  Dr.  Wash- 
burn, and  Mr.  Manach.  —  Spanish  Grammar,  reading,  and  compo- 
sition.   Modern  Spanish  novels  and  plays. 

2  Gr.,  9  Se.,  26  Ju.,  53  So.,  56  Fr.,  15  uC.,  6  ocC.,  11 E.,  2  Sp.  Total  180. 

7  %f.  Asst.  Professor  Whittem.  —  Spanish  Composition  (elementary  course). 

1  Gr.,  1  G.B.,  11  Se.,  15  Ju.,  5  So.,  6  Fr.,  1  uC,  3  ocC,  2  E.   Total  45. 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

8  2hf.  Mr.    Rivera.  —  Spanish   Composition   and   Conversation    (advanced 

course).  1  Gr.,  7  Se.,  12  Ju.,  3  So.,  5  Fr.,  1  E.     Total  29.  ' 

9  hf.  Mr.  Rivera.  —  Spanish  Composition  and  Conversation. 

4  Gr.,  1  G.B.,  2  Se.,  2  Fr.,  1  uC.,  2  ocC,  1  L.     Total  13. 
4  hf.   Professor  Ford.  —  General  View  of  Spanish  Literature. 

3  Gr.,  4  Se.,  11  Ju.,  1  Fr.,  1  ocC.     Total  20. 
5.       Professor  Ford,  Asst.  Professor  Whittem,  and  Mr.  Rivera.  —  Spanish 
and  Spanish-American  Prose  and  Poetry  from  the  Eighteenth  Century 
to  the  Present  Time. 

1  Gr.,  7  Se.,  19  Ju.,  12  So.,  10  Fr.,  4  uC,  2  ocC.  Total  55.  j 

2.  Professor  Ford,  Asst.  Professor  Whittem,  and  Mr.  Rivera.  —  Spanish 
Literature  of  the  Sixteenth  and  Seventeenth  Centuries.  Cervantes; 
Lope  de  Vega;  Calder6n. 

1  Gr.,  6  Se.,  18  Ju.,  8  So.,  1  uC,  1  ocC.  Total 
Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

|3.        Professor  Ford.  —  Early  Spanish.     The  Poem  of  the  Cid.  Spanish 

literature  to  the  sixteenth  century.             15  Gr.,  1  uC,  4  R.  Total  20. 


5; 


Romance  Philology 
Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 
3.        Professor  Sheldon.  —  Old  French.     Phonology  and  inflections.     The 
oldest  texts.    La  Chanson  de  Roland;   Chretien  de  Troyes;  Aucassin 
et  Nicolette.  31  Gr.     Total  31. 


COMMITTEE   ON    INSTRUCTION  79 

}4.        Professor  Grandgent.  —  Provencal.  7  Gr.,  1  R.     Total  8. 

J7.        Professor    Sheldon.  —  Anglo-French    and    the  French    Element    in 

English.  2  Gr.     Total  2. 
Courses  of  Special  Study 

20.        The  Instructors  in  Romance  Languages  held  themselves  ready  to  assist 

and  advise  competent  Graduate  Students  in  plans  of  special  study, 

linguistic  or  literary.  3  Gr.     Total  3. 

J20a  hf.  Professor  Ford.  —  Problems  in  the  Syntax  of  the  Romance  Languages. 

5  Gr.,  1  R.     Total  6. 
t20b.    Asst.  Professor  Morize.  —  The  Preparation  of  a  Critical  Edition. 

1  Gr.,  1  R.     Total  2. 
XSeminary 

Students  and  instructors  met  once  a  week,  for  research  in  special  fields.  During 
1920-21,  special  topics  were  discussed  under  the  direction  of  Professor 
Sheldon  and  Professor  Ford. 

CELTIC 

Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

1  %f.  Professor  F.  N.  Robinson.  —  Old  Irish.    Grammar  and  interpretation 

of  texts.    Thurneysen's  Handbuch  des  Altirischen.     General  introduc- 
tion to  Celtic  philology.  3  Gr.     Total  3. 

2  %f.  Professor    F.    N.    Robinson.  —  Middle    Irish.  —  Windisch's    Irische 

Texte.  3  Gr.     Total  3. 

SLAVIC  LANGUAGES 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 
la.     Professor  Wiener.  —  Russian.        3  Gr.,  1  Se.,  2  Ju.,  1  B.  U.     Total  7. 
16.      Professor  Wiener.  —  Russian  Literature  of  the  Nineteenth  Century. 
Puskin;   Gogol;   Turgenev;   Tolstoy.  2  Ju.     Total  2. 

2a.     Professor  Wiener.  —  Polish.    (See  Comparative  Literature  20k,  p.  80.) 
6a.     Professor  Wiener.  —  Bohemian.  1  Ju.,  1  So.     Total  2. 

COMPARATIVE  LITERATURE 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 
9.       Professor  Babbitt.  —  Rousseau  and  his  Influence. 

5  Gr.,  7  Se.,  8  Ju.,  3  So.,  1  ocC.     Total  24. 
10  2hf.  Professor  Walz.  —  The  Influence  of  English  Literature  upon  German 
Literature  in  the  Eighteenth  Century. 

3  Gr.,  4  Se.,  10  Ju.,  5  So.,  1  uC.      Total  23. 
19  xhf.  Professor  Baker.  —  The  Forms  of  the  Drama. 

13  Gr.,  38  Se.,  58  Ju.,  29  So.,  2  Fr.,  7  uC,  12  ocC,  2  Sp.   Total  161. 
8  %f.  Professor  Walz.  —  Goethe's  Faust;  with  a  Study  of  Kindred  Dramas 
in  European  Literature. 

2  Gr.,  5  Se.,  3  Ju.,  1  So.,  2  uC,  1  ocC.     Total  14. 
Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

J5  %f.  Professor  E.  K  Rand.  —  The  History  of  Classical  Culture  in  the  Middle 
Ages.  8  Gr.,  1  Gr.Ed.,  2  Ju.,  2  R.,  2  Instr.     Total  15. 


80  COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION 

22.        Professor  Babbitt.  —  Literary  Criticism  since  the  Sixteenth  Century. 

16  Gr.,  2  Se.,  1  Ju.,  1  uC.     Total  20. 
26  hf.  Professor  Kittredge.  —  The  Early  English  Metrical  Romances. 

13  Gr.     Total  13. 

35  2hf.  Asst.  Professor  Webster.  —  Life  in  the  Middle  Ages,  as  illustrated  by 

Contemporary  Literature.  1  Se.     Total  1. 

Courses  of  Special  Study 

20.       Original   Investigation   in   Special  Topics.      Students   consulted   the 

Chairman  of  the  Department.  2  Gr.,  1  Sp.     Total  3. 

20i.      Professor  Grandgent. —  Italian.  1  Gr.     Total  1. 

20k.     Professor  Wiener.  —  Polish.  2  So.     Total  2. 

Comparative  Philology 
Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

$2a  hf.  Professor  Grandgent.  —  General  Introduction  to  Linguistic  Science. 
Phonetics.    The  pronunciation  of  English,  French,  German,  and  Latin. 

13  Gr.,  1  ocC,  3  R.     Total  17- 

THE  FINE  ARTS 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 
lc  lhf.  Professor  Chase,  assisted  by  Mr.  W.  W.  S.  Cook  and  Mr.  Opdycke.  — 
The  History  of  Ancient  Art. 

1  Gr.,  33  Se.,  39  Ju.,  34  So.,  11  Fr.,  3  uC,  10  ocC,  3  Sp.,  1  E.  Total  135. 
Id  2hf.  Asst.  Professor  Edgell,  assisted  by  Mr.  W.  W.  S.  Cook,  and  Mr.  Op- 
dycke. —  The  History  of  Mediaeval,  Renaissance,  and  Modern  Art. 
3  Gr.,  26  Se.,  43  Ju.,  37  So.,  10  Fr.,  16  uC.,  7  ocC,  2  E.     Total  144. 
1/.      Professor  Pray.  —  Principles  of  Landscape  Architecture,  illustrated 
by  a  study  of  examples.  3  Ju.,  1  uC,  1  ocC.     Total  5. 

2a.     Mr.  Mower,  assisted  by  Mr.  Larkin.  —  Freehand  Drawing. 

1  Se.,  5  Ju.,  4  So.,  8  Fr.,  4  uC,  2  Sp.,  1  L.A.     Total  25. 
26.      Mr.   Mower,   assisted  by  Mr.   Larkin.  —  Freehand  Drawing   (ad- 
vanced course).     1  Gr.,  1  Se.,  6  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  Fr.,  3  uC,  1  ocC.     Total  14 
2c.      Mr.  Mower,  assisted  by  Mr.  Larkin.  —  Drawing  and  Painting  (ad- 
vanced course).  4  Se.,  5  Ju.,  4  So.     Total  13. 
2/  lhf.  Mr.  Frost.  —  Perspective.    The  theory  of  perspective  and  its  applica- 
tion to  architectural  subjects.           1  Gr.,  1  Se.,  2  Ju.,  1  ocC.     Total  5. 
3a.       Mr.  C.  Howard  Walker.  —  History  of  the  Ancient  and  Early  Me- 
diaeval Styles  of  Architecture. 

2  Se.,  7  Ju.,  2  So.,  2  uC,  4  S.A.,  1  L.A.     Total  18. 

36  2hf.  Professor  Chase.  —  History  of  Greek  Sculpture. 

1  Gr.,  1  Se.,  4  Ju.,  1  Fr.,  1  uC,  2  ocC,  1  Sp.     Total  11. 

4o  lhf.  Mr.  C.  Howard  Walker.  —  History  of  the  Gothic  Styles  of  Archi- 
tecture. 1  Se.,  4  Ju.,  1  ocC,  9  S.A.,  1  L.A.     Total  16. 

5a  2hf.  Mr.  C.  Howard  Walker.  —  History  of  Renaissance  and  Modern 
Architecture.  4  Se.,  8  Ju.,  1  uC.,  11  S.A.,  1  L.A.     Total  25. 


COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION  81 

5e  xhf.  Dr.  Winship.  —  The  History  of  the  Printed  Book. 

2  Gr.,  3  Se.,  3  Ju.,  1  So.,  3  ocC.     Total  12. 
hh  lhf.  Asst.  Professor  Edgell.  —  The  History  of  Florentine  Painting. 

3  Se.,  5  Ju.,  2  ocC.     Total  10. 
5m  2hf.  Asst.  Professor  Sachs.  —  The  History  of  German  Painting. 

3  Gr.,  2  Se.,  4  Ju.,  1  ocC.,  1  Instr.     Total  11. 
5n  %f.  Asst.  Professor  Sachs.  —  The  History  of  French  Painting. 

6  Se.,  7  Ju.,  2  So.,  3  ocC.     Total  18. 
8a  2hf.  Mr.  Mower,  assisted  by  Mr.  Larkin.  —  Theory  of  Design. 

2  Se.,  2  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  Sp.     Total  6. 
9a.       Associate  Professor  Post.  —  Art  and  Culture  of  Italy  in  the  Middle 
Ages  and  the  Renaissance. 

1  Gr.,  4  Se.,  10  Ju.,  2  So.,  2  ocC,  1  Sp.  Total  20. 
10a.     Mr.  K.  J.  Conant,  with  occasional  instruction  by  Asst.  Professor  Hub- 
bard. —  Principles  of  Architectural  Design  and  their  Application. 

6  S.A.     Total  6. 
106.      Mr.  K.  J.  Conant,  with  occasional  criticisms  by  Associate  Professor 
Humphreys.  —  Elementary  Architectural  Design.    Elements  of  Archi- 
tectural Form.     The  Orders.    Introductory  Problems  in  Architectural 
Design.  2  Se.,  3  Ju.,  1  uC,  2  ocC,  5  S.A.     Total  13. 

Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

Courses  of  Special  Study 

20c.      Asst.  Professor  Edgell. —  History  of  Mediaeval  Art.    1  Gr.     Total  1. 

20/.      Associate  Professor  Post  and  Mr.  E.  W.  Forbes.  —  History  of  Italian 

Art.  1  Gr.,  1  Ju.     Total  2. 

20i.      Dr.  Winship.  —  History  of  Printing.  1  Sp.     Total  1. 

MUSIC 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

1.  Mr.  Heilman.  —  Harmony,  the  Grammar  of  Music. 

1  Gr.,  4  Ju.,  1  So.,  12  Fr.,  1  uC,  1  Sp.,  1  E.,  1  And.     Total  22. 

la.       Mr.  Ballantine  and  Mr.  Bennett.  —  Advanced  Harmony  and  Har- 
monic Analysis.  1  Se.,  1  Ju.,  5  So.,  3  Sp.     Total  10. 

2.  Associate  Professor  Davison.  —  Counterpoint. 

1  Gr.,  2  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  ocC.     Total  5. 

3.  Asst.  Professor  E.  B.  Hill.  —  History  of  Music  from  the  Time  of  Bach 
to  the  Present  Day. 

2  Gr.,  26  Se.,  56  Ju.,  44  So.,  6  Fr.,  2  uC,  10  ocC,  2  Sp.     Total  148. 

3a.       Associate   Professor  Davison.  —  The  History  and  Development  of 
Choral  Music.  3  Gr.,  5  Se.,  4  Ju.,  1  ocC.     Total  13. 

4.  Mr.  Ballantine  and  Mr.  Bennett.  —  The  Appreciation  of  Music; 
analytical  study  of  masterpieces  from  the  point  of  view  of  the  listener. 

2  Gr.,  13  Se.,  22  Ju.,  27  So.,  3  Fr.,  9  uC,  5  ocC,  1  Sp.     Total  82. 
Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 
J46  hf.  Asst.  Professor  E.  B.  Hill.  —  D'Indy,  Faure,  Debussy. 

2  Se.,  1  Ju.,  1  R.     Total  4. 


82  COMMITTEE   ON  INSTRUCTION 

5.        Mr.  Heilman.  —  Canon  and  Fugue. 

1  Se.,  1  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  ocC,  1  Sp.     Total  5. 
{6.       Asst.  Professor  E.  B.  Hill.  —  Instrumentation. 

2  Gr.,  1  Se.,  1  Ju.,  2  So.,  1  ocC,  1  Sp.,  6  R.     Total  14. 

Course  in  Original  Composition 
20.       Advanced  Work  in  Original  Composition.  1  Gr.     Total  1. 


GROUP  II 
HISTORY  OF  SCIENCE 

Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

2  2hf.    Dr.  Sarton.  —  Introduction  to  the  History  of  Science. 

1  Gr.,  5  Ju.,  1  So.,  2  uC.,  4  E.     Total  13. 

PHYSICAL  SCIENCES 

Physics 

Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 

B.  Professor  Hall  and  Mr.  Phinney.  —  Elementary  Physics. 

1  Gr.,  1  Se.,  9  Ju.,  23  So.,  31  Fr.,  7  uC,  2  ocC,  3  Sp.,  1  E.,  1  And. 

Total  79. 

C.  Associate  Professor  Saunders,  Drs.  Kemble  and  Schaeffer,  and 
Messrs.  Duncan,  Baldes,  Bradshaw,  and  Miller.  —  Experimental 
Physics.  —  Mechanics,  Sound,  Heat,  Light,  Magnetism,  and  Electricity. 

2  Gr.,  5  Se.,  25  Ju.,  67  So.,  57  Fr.,  11  uC,  4  ocC,  1  Sp.,  44  E.  Total  216. 
1  %f.  Professor  Lyman.  —  Modern  Developments  in  Electricity.    The  Evi- 
dence for  Existence  of  the  Electron  and  Kindred  Subjects. 

5  Se.,  9  Ju.,  8  So.,  1  E.     Total  23. 
2a  %f.  Professor   Lyman.  —  Light.      The   Elements   of   Wave    Phenomena, 
Optical  Instruments,  Color,  and  Photography. 

2  Gr.,  1  Se.,  10  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  Fr.     Total  15. 
26  2hf.  Professor     Lyman.  —  Physical     Optics.  —  Interference,     Diffraction, 
Polarization,  Crystal  Optics,  and  Topics  in  Spectroscopy. 

1  Gr.,  1  Ju.,  2  So.     Total  4. 
For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

3a  %f.  Asst.  Professor  Chaffee  and  Mr.  Field.  —  Electricity  and  Direct 
Current  Electrical  Measurements. 

1  Gr.,  4  Se.,  8  Ju.,  4  So.,  1  uC,  2  Sp.,  3  E.     Total  23. 
36  2hf.  Asst.  Professor  Chaffee  and  Mr.  Field.  —  Electromagnetism  and 
Elementary  Principles  of  Alternating  Currents. 

1  Gr.,  2  Se.,  8  Ju.,  4  So.,  2  Sp.,  3  E.     Total  20. 
12  2hf.  Professor  Duane.  —  Radioactivity  and  X-Rays.     Special  Reference 
to  Modern  Theories  of  Matter. 

4  Gr.,  3  Se.,  19  Ju.,  9  So.,  2  uC,  1  ocC,  2  E.     Total  40. 
14  2hf.  Associate  Professor  Saunders.  —  Acoustics,  with  special  application 
to  Music  and  to  Architecture. 

1  Se.,  2  So.,  1  uC,  1  ocC,  1  E.     Total  6. 


COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION  83 

4a  lkf.  Professor  Pierce  and  Asst.  Professor  Chaffee.  —  Electric  Oscillations 
and  their  Applications  to  Radio  Telegraphy  and  Radio  Telephony. 

2  Gr.,  2  Se.,  3  Ju.     Total  7. 

46  2hf.  Professor  Pierce,  Asst.  Professor  Chaffee,  and  Mr.  Field.  —  Electric 
Oscillations,  Electric  Waves,  and  Radio-frequency  Measurements. 

2  Gr.,  2  Se.,  3  Ju.     Total  7. 

4c  lhf.  Professor  Pierce.  —  Electric  Waves  and  Radio  Telegraphy. 

4  Gr.,  2  Se.,  1  Sp.     Total  7. 
17  hf.  Asst.  Professor  Chaffee.  —  Electron  Tubes.     Amplifiers,  Detectors, 

and  Oscillators.  4  Gr.,  1  Se.,  3  Ju.     Total  8. 

66  2hf.  Professor  Hall.  —  Elementary  Thermodynamics. 

3  Gr.,  1  Se.,  3  Ju.,  1  uC,  1  ocC.     Total  9. 

5.        Dr.  Kemble.  —  Electromagnetic  Theory  of  Light. 

5  Gr.,  1  Ju.,  1  Sp.     Total  7. 
Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

X152hf.  Professor  Pierce.  —  Radiation  and  Applications  of  the  Quantum, 
Theory  to  Radiation.  4  Gr.,  1  Sp.,  1  R.     Total  6. 

XI  %f.  Professor  Hall.  —  Kinetic  Theory  of  Gases.  3  Gr.,  1  R.     Total  4. 

16a  lhf.  Dr.  Kemble.  —  Quantum  Theory  with  Applications  to  Series  Spectra, 
Atomic  Structure,  and  the  Kinetic  Theory  of  Gases.      3  Gr.     Total  3. 

166  2hf.  Dr.  Kemble.  —  X-Rays  and  Crystal  Structure.  5  Gr.     Total  5. 

J8a  xhf.  Professor  Hall.  — Advanced  Thermodynamics.  3  Gr.     Total  3. 

|86  2hf.  Professor  H.  N.  Davis.  —  Advanced  Thermodynamics. 

2  Gr.,  1  R.     Total  3. 

$9.       Professor  Bridgman.  —  Mathematical  Theory  of  Electricity  and  Mag- 
netism. 15  Gr.,  1  Sp.     Total  16. 

til.      Professor  Bridgman.  —  Mathematical  Theory  of  Heat  Conduction, 
Acoustics,  Hydrodynamics,  and  Elasticity.  4  Gr.,  1  E.     Total  5. 

J21  hf.  Professor  Duane  and  Asst.  Professor  Bovie.  —  Biological  Physics. 

1  Gr.,  1  Ju.,  1  R.     Total  3. 

Courses  of  Research 

20c.      Professor  Pierce.  —  Radiation,  Electromagnetic  Waves,  and  Electric 
Oscillations.  4  Gr.     Total  4. 

20d.     Professor  Duane.  —  Radioactivity,  and  X-Rays.  4  Gr.     Total  4. 

20/.      Professor  H.  N.  Davis.  —  Heat.  2  Gr.     Total  2. 

20/i.     Asst.  Professor  Chaffee.  —  Electric  Oscillations.  3  Gr.     Total  3. 

Engineering  Sciences 

Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 

3.       Associate  Professor  Kennedy  and  Mr.  Ninde.  —  Mechanical  Draw- 
ing and  Descriptive  Geometry.    Use  of  instruments.    Projections  and 
descriptive  geometry.    Freehand  sketching.    Tracing  and  blue  printing. 
1  Se.,  7  Ju.,  13  So.,  14  Fr.,  2  uC,  2  ocC,  42  E.  Total  81. 


84  COMMITTEE   ON  INSTRUCTION 

36.       Mr.  Frost.  —  Descriptive  Geometry,  Stereotomy,  Shades  and  Shadows. 

2  Se.,  2  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  uC.    Total  6. 

4a.       Professor  Hughes,  Messrs.  Barnes  and  Paige,  and  assistants. — Plane, 
Topographic,  and  Railroad  Surveying. 

1  Se.,  4  Ju.,  8  So.,  5  Fr.,  1  uC.,  16  E.,  4  S.S.    Total  39. 

5.       Professors  L.  J.  Johnson  and  Huntington  and  Mr.  Thorogood.  — 
Mechanics;  Statics;  Kinematics;  Kinetics;  Mechanism. 

1  Se.,  12  Ju.,  8  So.,  1  Fr.,  1  uC,  40  E.    Total  63. 

7a  hf.  Professors  Huntington  and  Davis.  —  Applied  Mechanics.    Dynamics 
of  Moving  Bodies;  Friction;  Efficiency  of  Machines. 

3  Se.,  1  Ju.,  55  E.    Total  59. 

76  hf.  Professors  L.  J.  Johnson  and  Swain.  — Applied  Mechanics.  Resistance 
of  Materials.  2  Se.,  38  E.    Total  40. 

8.       Professors  Marks  and  Asst.  Professor  Dawes,  and  Mr.  Russell. — 
Power  —  its  Generation,  Transmission,  and  Distribution. 

6  Se.,  12  Ju.,  3  So.,  3  uC.    Total  24. 

10  lhf.  Professor  Sauveur  and  Mr.  Howard  Scott.  —  Principles  of  Metallurgy. 
11  Se.,  10  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  Fr.,  1  ocC,  9  E.    Total  33. 

Astronomy 
Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 

la  xhf.  Dr.  Stetson,  Mr.  C.  E.  Kelley,  and  Mr.  Arnold.  —  Elementary 
Astronomy. 

20  Se.,  41  Ju.,  46  So.,  2  Fr.,  6  uC.,  8  ocC,  2  Sp.,  4  E.     Total  129. 

16  2hf.  Dr.  Stetson,  Mr.  C.  E.  Kelley,  and  Mr.  Arnold.  —  Descriptive 
Astronomy. 

9  Se.,  14  Ju.,  32  So.,  1  Fr.,  2  uC,  2  ocC,  2  Sp.,  1  E.     Total  63. 

2  lhf.  Dr.  Stetson  and  Mr.  Arnold.  —  Elementary  Navigation.     Theory 
and  Use  of  Nautical  Instruments.    Piloting,  Dead  Reckoning. 

12  Se.,  18  Ju.,  7  So.,  4  Fr.,  2  uC.,  4  ocC.     Total  47. 

2a  2hf.  Dr.  Stetson  and  Mr.  Arnold.  —  Nautical  Astronomy.  Determination 
of  the  position  of  a  ship  at  sea.  Sumner  Method  and  Method  of  St. 
Hilaire.  6  Se.,  14  Ju.,  9  So.,  2  Fr.,  3  uC.,  3  ocC.     Total  37. 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

26  2hf.  Mr.  Arnold.  —  Field  Astronomy.     Determination  of  time  with    the 

astronomical  transit.    Longitude  by  wireless,  by  moon  culminations. 

Latitude  by  the  zenith  telescope  method. 

2  Se.,  2  Ju.,  1  uC,  1  E.    Total  6. 

7  lhf.  Dr.  Stetson.  —  Elementary  Astrophysics.  1  Gr.,  1  Ju.    Total  2. 

Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 
5.       Dr.  Stetson.  —  Practical  Astronomy.  1  Se.    Total  1. 

$8.  Dr.  Stetson.  —  Stellar  Photometry.  Visual  and  photographic  pho- 
tometry. Determination  of  magnitudes.  Investigation  of  variable 
stars.  1  Gr.,  1  Ju.    Total  2. 


COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION  85 

CHEMISTRY 
Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 

A.        Professor  Lamb,  Mr.  Vail,  and  Messrs.  Mull,  Everett,  Elder,  Lea, 
Carleton,  and  Corson.  —  Elementary  Chemistry. 

1  Gr.,  6  Se.,  26  Ju.,  35  So.,  114  Fr.,  8  uC,  5  Sp.,  21  E.     Total  216. 

B  lhf.  Dr.  N.  F.  Hall,  and  Messrs.  Mull,  Everett,  Elder,  Lea,  Carleton, 
and  Corson.  —  Inorganic  Chemistry. 

2  Se.,  2  Ju.,  4  So.,  56  Fr.,  3  uC,  1  Sp.,  14  E.,  1  And.     Total  83. 

2  xhf.  Asst.  Professor  Conant,  assisted  by  Messrs.  Reid  and  Segur.  —  Or- 
ganic Chemistry  (elementary  course). 
4  Gr.,  3  Se.,  19  Ju.,  48  So.,  8  Fr.,  22  uC,  5  ocC,  4  Sp.,  12  E.,  1  S.P.H.  Total  126. 

22  %f.  Asst.  Professor  Conant,  assisted  by  Messrs.  Kirner,  Wallingford,  and 

Segur.  —  Experimental  Organic  Chemistry  (elementary  course). 
1  Gr.,  7  Se.,  15  Ju.,  18  So.,  1  Fr.,  8  uC,  2  ocC,  5  Sp.,  4  E.  Total  61. 
This  course  was  repeated  the  second  half-year. 

2  Gr.,  1  Se.,  4  Ju.,  15  So.,  4  Fr.,  10  uC.,  1  ocC,  1  Sp.,  4  E.    Total  42. 

3.  Associate  Professor  G.  S.  Forbes,  assisted  by  Messrs.  Mansfield, 
Allen,  Lutz,  Wentworth,  and  Shepard.  —  Qualitative  Analysis. 

1  Se.,  17  Ju.,  27  So.,  9  Fr.,  8  uC,  2  Sp.,  5  E.    Total  69. 

34.       Dr.  N.  F.  Hall.     Qualitative  Analysis  (first  half-year)  and  Quan- 
titative Analysis  (second  half-year). 

1  Gr.,  5  Se.,  6  Ju.,  7  So.,  5  uC.,  3  ocC,  6  E.    Total  33. 
8  2hf.  Professor  Richards  and  Associate  Professor  G.  S.  Forbes.  —  Ele- 
mentary Theoretical  and  Physical  Chemistry,  including  the  Historical 
Development  of  Chemical  Theory. 
3  Gr.,  7  Se.,  25  Ju.,  28  So.,  45  Fr.,  19  uC,  2  ocC,  2  Sp.,  22  E.  Total  153. 

23  %f.  Associate  Professor  Raymer.  —  Fire  Assaying.     Chiefly  laboratory 

work.  2  Se.,  2  Ju.,  8  E.     Total  12. 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

4.  Professor  Baxter,  assisted  by  Mr.  Hilton.  —  Quantitative  Analysis, 
gravimetric  and  volumetric.    Chiefly  laboratory  work. 

2  Gr.,  3  Se.,  24  Ju.,  12  So.,  1  Fr.,  4  uC,  3  E.     Total  49. 

J9  lhf.  Professor  Baxter  and  Mr.  A.  F.  Scott.  —  Advanced  Quantitative 
Analysis.  16  Gr.,  3  Se.,  1  Ju.,  3  ocC,  1  E.,  1  R.     Total  25. 

10  2hf.  Professor  Baxter  and  Mr.  A.  F.  Scott.  —  Gas  Analysis.     Chiefly 
laboratory  work.  10  Gr.,  2  Se.,  2  Ju.,  3  ocC,  1  E.    Total  18. 

5.  Professor  Kohler  and  Mr.  Dewey.  —  The  Carbon  Compounds. 

19  Gr.,  20  Se.,  9  Ju.,  1  uC,  4  ocC,  1  Sp.,  3  E.    Total  57. 

11.       Asst.  Professor  Jones.  —  Industrial  Chemistry. 

4  Gr.,  1  G.B.,  15  Se.,  21  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  uC,  4  ocC,  3  E.    Total  50. 

21.       Mr.  William  Green  and  Mr.  Dodge,  assisted  by  Mr.  Radasch.  — 
Chemical  Engineering.  4  Gr.,  2  Se.,  1  E.     Total  7. 

18  lhj.  Mr.  M.  C.  Whipple.  —  The  Chemistry  of  Sanitation.    Chiefly  labora- 
tory work.  1  Gr.,  1  Ju.,  1  uC,  1  ocC.    Total  4. 


86  COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION 

19  2hf.  Asst.  Professor  Jones.  —  Technical  Analysis.    Chiefly  laboratory  work. 

1  Se.,  1  uC.     Total  2. 
Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

$6.  Professor  Richards,  Associate  Professor  G.  S.  Forbes,  assisted  by  Mr. 
Damon.  —  Physical  Chemistry. 

17  Gr.,  2  Gr.Ed.,  20  Se.,  5  Ju.,  1  uC,  4  ocC,  1  E.,  5  R.      Total  55. 

12  lhf.  Associate  Professor  G.  S.  Forbes.  —  Photochemistry,  including  the  use 

of  Optical  Instruments  in  Chemistry.  6  Gr.,  1  ocC.  Total  7. 

$7  2hf.  Professor  Lamb,  and  Dr.  N.  F.  Hall.  —  Electrochemistry. 

10  Gr.,  5  Se.,  2  ocC.  Total  17. 

13  2hf.  Professor  Lamb  and  Dr.  N.  F.  Hall.  —  Experimental  Electrochemistry. 

4  Gr.,  1  So.     Total  5. 

146  hf.  Asst.  Professor  Jones.  —  Chemical  Equilibrium.  Advanced  Mathe- 
matical Discussion.  3  Gr.     Total  3. 

17  2hf.  Asst.  Professor  Con  ant.  —  Structural  Organic  Chemistry  (advanced 
course).  4  Gr.,  2  Se.,  1  Ju.,  1  ocC,  1  E.     Total  9. 

Courses  of  Research 

20a.  Professor  Richards.  —  Inorganic  and  Physical  Chemistry,  including 
Determination  of  Atomic  Weights  and  Electrochemistry. 

4  Gr.,  1  Se.     Total  5. 

20c.      Professor  Kohler.  —  Organic  Chemistry.  10  Gr.     Total  10. 

20e.      Professor  Lamb.  —  Physical  Chemistry,  including  Electrochemistry. 

3  Gr.     Total  3. 

20/.  Professor  Baxter.  —  Inorganic  and  Physical  Chemistry,  including 
Determination  of  Atomic  Weights.  4  Gr.     Total  4. 

20g.      Dr.  N.  F.  Hall.  —  Inorganic  and  Physical  Chemistry.  1  Gr.    Total  1. 

20h.  Associate  Professor  G.  S.  Forbes.  —  Physical  Chemistry,  including 
Electrochemistry.  1  Gr.     Total  1. 

20i.  Asst.  Professor  Jones.  —  Physical  Chemistry  and  Industrial  Chem- 
istry. 2  Gr.     Total  2. 

201.      Asst.  Professor  Conant.  —  Organic  Chemistry.     10  Gr.,  1  E.  Total  11. 

BOTANY 

Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 
1 2hf.  Professor  Osterhout,  Mr.  Ray,  and  Messrs.  Cook,  Welch,  Gaines, 
and  Svenson.  —  Botany. 
1  Gr.,  7  Se.,  29  Ju.,  39  So.,  55  Fr.,  24  uC.,  4  ocC,  10  Sp.,  2  E.  Total  171. 

2  1hf.  Asst.  Professor  Riddle  and  Professor  Fitzpatrick  (Cornell  University), 

assisted  by  Mr.  Welch.  —  Introduction  to  Cryptogamic  Botany  and 
Plant  Pathology.  1  Se.,  5  Ju.,  3  So.,  3  uC,  1  ocC.     Total  13. 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

3  lhf.  Professor  Jeffrey,  assisted  by  Mr.  Longle y.  —  Morphology  in  Relation 

to  Evolution,  Plant  Production,  Reproduction,  and  Genetics. 

2  Gr.,  1  Se.,  2  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  ocC.     Total  7. 


COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION  87 

56  -hf.  Professor  Jeffrey,  assisted  by  Mr.  Longley.  —  Special  Morphology 
of  the  Higher  Vascular  Plants.  The  Conifers,  Gnetales  and  Angiosperms. 

2  Gr.,  1  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  uC.     Total  5. 
7.       Professor  Fernald,  assisted  by  Mr.  Linder.  —  Classification  and  Dis- 
tribution of  Flowering  Plants,  with  special  reference  to  the  Flora  of 
New  England  and  the  Maritime  Provinces.  6  Gr.     Total  6. 

9  xhf.  Professor  Osterhout.  —  Plant  Physiology.    Respiration,  Growth,  Re- 
production, and  Irritability. 

9  Gr.,  1  Se.,  2  Ju.,  2  So.,  1  uC,  1  ocC,  3  B.     Total  19. 

10.       Professor  Fernald.  —  Classification  and  Distribution  of  Flowering 

Plants.    Advanced  Studies  upon  Special  Topics.     1  Gr.,  2  Ju.   Total  3. 

Courses  of  Research 

20a.     Professor  Jeffrey.  —  Static  and  Experimental  Morphology. 

4  Gr.  Total  4. 
206.  Asst.  Professor  Riddle  and  Professor  Thaxter.  —  Structure  and  De- 
velopment of  Cryptogams.  2  Gr.,  1  ocC.  Total  3. 
20d.  Professor  Fernald.  —  Geographic  Botany.  3  Gr.,  1  Se.  Total  4. 
20e.  Professor  Osterhout.  —  Plant  Physiology.  3  Gr.  Total  3. 
20/.      Professor  East.  —  Genetics.                                            4  B.I.     Total  4. 

ZOOLOGY 

General  Zoology 

Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 
1  %f.  Asst.  Professor  Brues,  and  Messrs.  Gilson  and  Cole,  and  other  assis- 
tants. —  Zoology. 

3  Gr.,  1  G.B.,  13  Se.,  32  Ju.,  50  So.,  61  Fr.,  24  uC,  4  ocC,  10  Sp.,  1  E., 

1  B.I.     Total  200. 

3  2hf  Associate  Professor  H.  W.  Rand,  assisted  by  Mr.  Bennitt  and  Mr. 
Longley.  —  Comparative  Anatomy  of  Vertebrates. 

5  Gr.,  3  Se.,  11  Ju.,  9  So.,  9  Fr.,  10  uC,  7  Sp.     Total  54. 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

4  %f.  Associate  Professor  H.  W.  Rand,  assisted  by  Mr.  Wyman.  —  General 
Histology.  5  Ju.,  3  So.,  10  uC,  1  ocC,  4  Sp.     Total  23. 

56  2hf  Professor  Mark  and  Mr.  Wyman.  —  Embryology  of  Vertebrates; 
Organogeny.  4  Gr.,  1  Gr.Ed.,  3  Ju.,  2  So.,  4  uC,  2  Sp.     Total  16. 

8  %f.  Professor  Castle.  —  Genetics  and  Eugenics. 

9  Se.,  30  Ju.,  8  So.,  8  uC.,  2  ocC,  1  E.     Total  58. 

Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

J14a  %f.  Professor  Parker.  —  The  Structure  and  Functions  of  Sense  Organs. 

4  Gr.,  2  Se.,  3  Ju.,  3  uC,  7  R.     Total  19. 
$17  lhf.  Associate  Professor  H.  W.  Rand.  —  Experimental  Morphology.    The 
form-determining  factors  in  development  and  growth. 

2  Gr.,  2  Se.,  2  Ju.,  1  uC,  4  R.     Total  11. 


88  COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION 

Courses  of  Research 

20a  2hf.  Professor  Mark.  —  Embryology.  1  Gr.,  1  Ju.     Total  2. 

206  2hf.  Professor  Mark.  —  Cytology,  with  special  reference  to  Heredity. 

1  Gr.     Total  1.  . 

20c  lhf.  Professor  Parker.  —  The  Structural  and  Functional  Basis  of  Animal 
Reactions.  3  Gr.     Total  3. 

20e  2hf.  Associate  Professor  H.  W.  Rand.  —  Comparative  Anatomy  of  Verte- 
brates. 2  Gr.     Total  2. 

20g  2hf.  Associate  Professor  H.  W.  Rand.  —  Experimental  Morphology. 

2  Gr.,  1  Ju.     Total  3. 

20.       Dr.  Barbour.    Special  course.  1  Gr.     Total  1. 

Applied  Zoology 

Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

la  2hf.  Professor  Wheeler  and  Asst.  Professor  Brues.  —  Morphology  and 
Classification  of  Insects.  3  Gr.,  2  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  uC,  2  B.I.     Total  9. 

76  2hf.  Professor  Wheeler  and  Asst.  Professor  Brues.  —  Habits  and  Distri- 
bution of  Insects.  2  Gr.,  2  Ju.,  1  uC,  2  B.I.     Total  7. 

Courses  of  Research 

20d  2hf.  Professor  Castle. — Variation,  Heredity,  and  the  Principles  of  Animal 
Breeding.  1  Ju.,  1  uC.     Total  2. 

Palaeontology.   (See  Geology,  p.  89.) 


HYGIENE  AND  SANITATION 

Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 
1 2hf.  Professor  Lee.  —  Hygiene. 

15  Se.,  39  Ju.,  8  So.,  15  uC,  1  ocC,  3  Sp.,  5  E.    Total  86. 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 
2  2hf.  Mr.  M.  C.  Whipple.  —  Elementary  Bacteriology. 

4  Ju.,  2  So.,  2  uC,  4  E.     Total  12. 
4  xhf.  Professor  G.  C.  Whipple  and  Mr.  Fair.  —  Vital  Statistics. 

4  E.    Total  4. 

GEOLOGY  AND  GEOGRAPHY 
General  Geology 

Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 

4  %f.  Professor  Daly,  assisted  by  Messrs.  T.  H.  Clark,  Hinds,  James,  and 

Webb.  —  Introduction  to  Geology. 

1  Gr.,  14  Se.,  29  Ju.,  40  So.,  33  Fr.,  14  uC,  7  ocC,  1  Sp.,  18  E.  Total  157. 

5  2hf.  Associate  Professor  Woodworth,  assisted  by  Mr.  T.  H.  Clark.  — 

Historical  Geology. 

1  Gr.,  5  Se.,  10  Ju.,  28  So.,  15  Fr.,  8  uC,  4  ocC,  14  E.    Total  85. 


COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION  89 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

16  lhf.  Associate  Professor  Wood  worth.  —  Geology  of  North  America. 

2  Gr.,  7  Se.,  10  Ju.,  2  So.,  1  ocC.     Total  22. 

8  2hf.  Associate  Professor  Woodworth.  —  Principles  of  Geology,  including 
History  of  Geological  Science.   2  Gr.,  4  Se.,  6  Ju.,  1  So.,  2  E.  Total  15. 

12.       Associate  Professor  Woodworth.  —  Geological  Surveying. 

1  Gr.,  2  Se.,  8  E.     Total  11. 
Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

20c.      Professor  Daly.  —  Research  in  Physical  Geology.  2  Gr.     Total  2. 

20e.      Associate  Professor  Woodworth.  —  Research  in  Structural  Geology. 

2  Gr.     Total  2. 

20/.      Associate  Professor  Woodworth.  —  Seismology.  1  ocC.     Total  1. 

Economic  Geology 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

10.  Professors  Graton  and  H.  L.  Smyth.  —  Ore-Deposits.    Origin  and 
Occurrence.  3  Gr.,  2  Se.,  7  Ju.,  1  So.,  7  E.     Total  20. 

13  lhf.  Professor  H.  L.  Smyth.  —  Mining  Geology.    Prospecting  and  Explor- 
ing. 3  Se.,  5  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  ocC.,  1  Sp.,  2  E.     Total  13. 

This  course  was  repeated  the  second  half-year.  3  E.     Total  3. 

18a  lhf.  Professors  Wolff  and  Palache.  —  Non-metallic  Mineral  Deposits. 

1  Gr.,  1  Ju.,  2  So.,  1  Sp.     Total  5. 

lSb2hf.  Professors  Graton  and  Jeffrey.  —  Fuels,  Fluxes,  and  Refractories. 

2  Gr.,  2  Se.,  13  Ju.,  10  So.,  1  uC.,  10  E.     Total  38. 

Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

11.  Professor  Graton  and  Dr.  Wandke.  —  Microscopical  Investigation 
of  Ores.  3  Gr.,  1  E.     Total  4. 

Palaeontology 
For  Undergraduates:  — 

1  2hf.  Associate  Professor  Raymond.  —  Geological  History  of  Life. 

2  Se.,  7  Ju.,  6  So.,  4  Fr.,  4  uC.     Total  23. 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

2  2hf.  Associate   Professor  Raymond.  —  Systematic   Invertebrate    Palaeon- 

tology. 3  Gr.,  1  Se.,  2  Ju.,  2  So.,  1  uC.,  1  E.     Total  10. 

3  2hf.  Associate  Professor  Raymond.  —  Stratigraphic  Palaeontology. 

3  Gr.,  1  Se.     Total  4. 
Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 
20.       Associate  Professor  Raymond.  —  Palaeontological  Research. 

2  Gr.,  2  Se.,  1  Ju.     Total  5. 
Geography 

Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 
1  lhf.  Mr.  Hinds,   assisted  by  Mr.   James.  —  Physiography   (introductory 
course).  2  Se.,  5  Ju.,  18  So.,  7  Fr.,  3  ocC.     Total  35. 


90  COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION 

Meteorology  and  Climatology 

Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 
1 2hf.  Professor  Ward,  assisted  by  Mr.  French.  —  Elementary  Meteorology. 
The  Weather  and  Weather  Forecasting. 
1  Gr.,  1  G.B.,  5  Se.,  7  Ju.,  13  So.,  23  Fr.,  5  uC,  3  ocC,  4  E.   Total  62. 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

2  xhf.  Professor  Ward.  —  Climatology  (general  course).    Climate  and  Man. 

1  Gr.,  3  Se.,  1  Ju.     Total  5. 

3  2hf.  Professor  Ward.  —  Climatology  of  North  America. 

1  Gr.,  1  Gr.Ed.,  2  Se.,  1  Ju.     Total  5. 
4 lhf.  Professor  Ward.  —  Climatology  of  Latin  America. 

2  Gr.,  1  Se.     Total  3. 
Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 
20.       Professor  Ward.  —  Climatology  (research  course).  1  Se.     Total  1. 

Mineralogy  and  Petrography 

Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 
2.       Professor  Palache,  assisted  by  Mr.  Gillson.  —  Mineralogy  (includ- 
ing Crystallography,  Physical  and  Chemical  Mineralogy  and  Descrip- 
tive Mineralogy).  2  Gr.,  5  Se.,  9  Ju.,  8  So.,  1  uC,  1  ocC,  8  E.  Total  34. 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

7  %f.  Professor  Palache.  —  Advanced  Crystallography.  1  Gr.     Total  1. 
10  2hf.  Professor  Palache.  —  Advanced  Mineralogy. 

1  Gr.,  1  Ju.,  1  E.     Total  3. 

8  2hf.  Professor  Wolff.  —  Optical  Crystallography.        1  Gr.,  1  E.     Total  2. 
12.       Professor  Wolff.  —  Petrography.  3  Gr.,  1  Ju.     Total  4. 

Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

14  lhf.  Professor  Wolff.  —  Advanced  Petrography.  3  Gr.     Total  3. 

Course  of  Research 

20.       Professors  Wolff  and  Palache.  —  Research  in  Mineralogy,  Crystal- 
lography, or  Petrography.  1  Gr.     Total  1. 

GROUP  III 
HISTORY 

Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 
1 .       Professor  Haskins  and  assistants ;  with  lectures  by  Professors  Coolidge 
and  Merriman,  and  Asst.  Professor  Lord.  —  European  History  from 
the  Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire  to  the  Present  Time. 

2  Ju.,  136  So.,  320  Fr.,  46  uC.,  2  ocC,  4  Sp.,  2  E.     Total  512. 

A  lhf.  Members  of  the  Department.  —  History  of  Liberty. 

17  Se.,  8  Ju.     Total  25. 


COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION  <)1 

I.   Ancient  History 
For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 
4.        Professor  Ferguson.  —  History  of  Greece  to  the  Roman  Conquest. 

2  Gr.,  2  Se.,  5  Ju.,  1  ocC,  2  And.     Total  12. 
Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 
35.       Professor  Ferguson.  —  Roman  Constitutional  History.    7  Gr.  Total  7. 

II.   Mediaeval  History 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

9.        Professor  McIlwain.  —  Constitutional  History  of  England  to  the  Six- 
teenth Century.  10  Gr.,  2  Se.,  1  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  L.     Total  15. 
41 2hf.  Professor  Haskins.  —  Intellectual  History  of  Europe,  500-1500. 

27  Gr.,  8  Se.,  23  Ju.,  10  So.,  2  uC,  1  Di.     Total  71. 
Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

$21  lhf.  Professor   Haskins.  —  Introduction   to   the   Sources   of   Mediaeval 
History.  4  Gr.,  2  R.     Total  6. 

25  hf.  Professor  Haskins.  —  Historical  Bibliography  and  Criticism. 

15  Gr.,  1  Se.     Total  16. 

26.       Professor  Lake,  Dr.  La  Piana,  and  Professors  G.  F.  Moore  and  Fenn. 

History  of  Christian  Doctrine  to  1630.  1  ocC.,  5  Di.     Total  6. 

38  2hf.  Dr.  Blake.  —  Byzantine  History.  4  Gr.,  1  Se.     Total  5. 

Courses  of  Research 

206.      Professor  McIlwain.  —  Topics  in  the  History  of  English  Institutions. 

1  Gr.     Total  1. 
20c.      Professor  Haskins.  —  Mediaeval  Institutions.  3  Gr.     Total  3. 

III.   Modern  History 
Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 

2a  lhf.  Mr.  J.  V.  Fuller.  —  European  History  from  the  Renaissance  to  the 
French  Revolution.     11  Se.,  20  Ju.,  8  So.,  2  ocC,  1  Sp.,  1  E.    Total  43. 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 
7.       Professor  Merriman  and  Asst.  Professor  Edgell.  —  The  Renaissance 
and  the  Reformation. 

14  Gr.,  11  Se.,  11  Ju.,  6  So.,  2  uC.,  1  ocC,  1  And.    Total  46. 
12.       Professor  Abbott.  —  The  History  of  England  from  1688  to  the  Present 
Time.    10  Gr.,  15  Se.,  22  Ju.,  19  So.,  1  Fr.,  8  uC,  1  ocC,  1  E.  Total  77. 
14  2hf.  Professor  Abbott.  —  The  French  Revolution  and  Napoleon  I. 

6  Gr.,  9  Se.,  16  Ju.,  20  So.,  5  Fr.,  4  uC,  2  ocC.     Total  62. 
J15.      Asst.  Professor  Lord.  —  History  of  Russia. 

7  Gr.,  1  Se.,  5  Ju.,  3  So.,  3  uC,  2  And.    Total  21. 
16  2hf.  Professor  Merriman.  —  History  of  the  Spanish  Empire. 

3  Gr.,  5  Se.,  11  Ju.,  8  So.,  2  uC,  1  ocC,  1  E.     Total  31. 

18  lhf.  Professor  Coolidge.  —  History  of  the  Far  East  in  the  Nineteenth 

Century.  2  Gr.,  7  Se.,  6  Ju.,  5  So.,  4  uC,  1  ocC.     Total  25. 


92  COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION 

30a  lhf.  Asst.  Professor  Lord.  —  Continental  Europe:  1815-1871. 

10  Gr.,  30  Se.,  41  Ju.,  18  So.,  1  Fr.,  16  uC,  3  ocC,  1  Sp.,  1  And.  Total  121. 
S0b2hf.  Professor  Coolidge.  —  Continental  Europe:   1871-1914. 

8  Gr.,  21  Se.,  34  Ju.,  19  So.,  16  uC,  3  ocC,  3  Sp.  Total  104. 

50  2hf.  Professor  Horne  (Patna  University).  —  The  History  and  Government 

of  India.  3  Gr.,  1  Se.,  6  Ju.,  3  So.,  3  uC.     Total  16. 

Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

24a  xhf.  Professor  Edward  C.  Moore.  —  The  History  of  Christian  Life  and 
Institutions  in  Europe  since  the  Reformation. 

1  Gr.,  6  And.,  1  Di.     Total  8. 

245  2hf.  Professor  Edward  C.  Moore.  —  The  Expansion  of  Christendom  and 

the  Naturalization  of  Christianity  in  the  Orient,  more  particularly  during 

the  Nineteenth  Century.      1  Se.,  5  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  uC.,  2  And.     Total  10. 

27.       Asst.  Professor  Lord.  —  Topics  in  Modern  European  History:  1815- 

1830.  4  Gr.     Total  4. 

29.       Professor  Coolidge.  —  Topics  in  Modern  European  History:    1875- 

1912.  2  Gr.     Total  2. 

34.       Professor  Abbott.  —  Topics  in  English  History:  1760-1783. 

5  Gr.     Total  5. 
Courses  of  Research 

20d.  Professor  Coolidge  and  Asst.  Professor  Lord.  —  History  of  Continental 
Europe  and  of  Asia  in  the  Eighteenth  and  Nineteenth  Centuries. 

5  Gr.     Total  5. 
20m.    Professor  Abbott.  —  Modern  English  History.  2  Gr.     Total  2. 

IV.   American  History 

Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 

32a  *hf.  Dr.  Morison,  assisted  by  Mr.  Jordan. — American  History:  The 
Formation  of  the  Union,  from  1760  to  1829. 

41  Se.,  93  Ju.,  73  So.,  1  Fr.,  15  uC.,  3  ocC.     Total  226. 
326  2ft/.  Professor  Channing  and  Mr.  Jordan. — American  History:    The 
Development  of  the  Nation,  1830  to  the  Present  Time. 
2  Gr.,  64  Se.,  144  Ju.,  92  So.,  27  uC,  4  ocC,  4  Sp.,  2  E.,  1  Di.,  1  N.T.I. 

Total  341. 
For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

13a  lhf.  Professor  McIlwain.  —  American  Constitutional  History.  The 
origin  and  development  of  the  American  Constitutional  System  in 
England  and  the  Colonies. 

9  Gr.,  10  Se.,  5  Ju.,  6  So.,  3  uC.,  1  ocC,  2  Sp.,  3  E.     Total  39. 
136  2hf.  Dr.   Morison.  —  American  Constitutional  History.     Development 
under  the  Federal  Constitution. 

10  Gr.,  4  Se.,  9  Ju.,  3  So.,  3  uC.     Total  29. 
17  lhf.  Professor  Turner.  —  The  History  of  the  West. 

9  Gr.,  12  Se.,  8  Ju.,  1  So.,  6  ocC.     Total  36. 

33  2hf.  Dr.   Morison.  —  The  History  of  Massachusetts  from  1780  to  the 

Present  Time.  1  Gr.,  1  Se.,  1  Ju.,  1  ocC.     Total  4. 


COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION  93 

56  lhf.  Asst.  Professor  Klein.  —  History  of  Latin  America. 

5  Gr.,  7  Se.,  6  Ju.,  3  So.,  1  uC,  2  ocC.     Total  24. 

57  2hf.  Asst.  Professor  Klein.  —  Recent  Commercial  History  of  Latin  America. 

5  Gr.,  12  Se.,  15  Ju.,  6  So.,  2  Fr.,  3  uC,  5  ocC.     Total  48. 

59  %f.  Asst.  Professor  Klein.  —  History  of  Mexico,  Central  America  and  the 

West  Indies.  2  Gr.,  2  Se.,  1  Ju.,  1  Fr.,  2  uC,  2  ocC.     Total  10. 

60  2hf.  Asst.  Professor  Klein.  —  History  of  Argentina  and  Chile. 

1  Se.,  1  So.,  1  Ju.,  2  ocC.     Total  5. 

Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

236  2hf.  Professor  Channing.  —  Selected  Topics  in  the  Historical  Develop- 
ment of  American  Institutions:  Political  and  Social  History  since 
1815.  6  Gr.     Total  6. 

44  lhf.  Professor  Turner.  —  Selected  Topics  in  American  History,  1830-1860. 

7  Gr.     Total  7. 

45  xhf.  Mr.  Arragon.  —  The  Diplomatic  Relations  of  the  United  States  and 

Latin  America.  2  Gr.,  1  uC.     Total  3. 

$46  hf.   Dr.  W.  C.  Ford.  —  Manuscript  Materials  of  American  History. 

4  Gr.,  1  R.     Total  5. 

Courses  of  Research 

20<?.      Professor  Channing  and  Dr.  Morison.  —  American  History. 

4Gr.  Total  4. 
20/c  lhf.  Professor  Turner.  —  American  History.  3  Gr.     Total  3. 

20n  2hf.  Dr.  Morison.  —  Topics  in  the  History  of  Massachusetts. 

5  Gr.     Total  5. 

V.  Economic  History 
Economics  2a,  2b.    (See  Economics,  p.  95.) 

VI.  Church  History 

History  7,  24a,  24b,  and  26  are  courses  in  Church  History.  In  addition  to  these, 
the  following  courses  in  Andover  Theological  Seminary  {offered  Primarily 
to  Graduates)  were  open  to  students  in  Harvard  University:  — 

A\.  Professor  Platner  and  Professor  E.  C.  Moore.  —  History  of  the 
Church  in  Outline.  6  And.,  4  Di.     Total  10. 

A3  lhf.  Professor  Platner  and  Professor  E.  C.  Moore.  —  Christian  Institu- 
tions, historically  and  comparatively  considered.  3  And.     Total  3. 

A4:%f.  Professor  Platner  and  Professor  E.  C.  Moore.  —  History  of  Chris- 
tianity in  England  since  the  Reformation. 

1  Gr.,  1  ocC,  1  Sp.,  2  And.     Total  5. 

VII.   History  op  Religions 
Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

46  lhf.  Professor  G.  F.  Moore.  —  Hellenistic  Judaism. 

2  Gr.,  1  uC,  1  ocC,  1  And.,  6  Di.     Total  11. 
9.       Professor  Lake.  —  Beginnings  of  Christianity. 

1  Gr.,  1  Se.,  1  And.,  3  Di.,  3  N.T.I.  Total  9. 


94  COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION 

Course  of  Research 
20a  2hf.  Professor  Kirsopp  Lake.  1  Ju.,  4  Di.     Total  5. 

GOVERNMENT 

I.   Modern  Government 

Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 
1.       Professor  Munro,  assisted  by  Messrs.  Whitmore,  Wells,  Furber, 
and  Shoup.  —  Constitutional  Government. 

1  Se.,  12  Ju.,  81  So.,  128  Fr.,  66  uC,  3  Sp.,  3  E.     Total  294. 

2a  xhf.  Professor  Rogers  (University  of  Virginia).  —  Political  Thought  and 

Institutions.  15  Se.,  11  Ju.,  3  So.,  1  uC.,  1  ocC.     Total  31. 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 
3.       Professor  Holcombe.  —  Principles  of  Popular  Government. 

3  Gr.,  4  Se.,  21  Ju.,  8  So.,  2  uC.,  2  ocC.     Total  40. 
9.       Mr.  Hanford.  —  State  and  Local  Government  in  the  United  States. 

2  Gr.,  8  Se.,  8  Ju.,  12  So.,  1  uC.     Total  31. 
17.       Professor  Munro  and  Mr.  Hanford.  —  Municipal  Government. 

4  Gr.,  11  Se.,  32  Ju.,  17  So.,  5  uC.,  1  ocC.     Total  70. 
31 2hf.  Professor  Whipple.  —  Municipal  Administration. 

1  Gr.,  2  Se.,  9  Ju.,  2  Fr.,  1  uC.,  6  E.,  2  S.P.H.     Total  23. 

16  2hf.  Professor    Rogers    (University    of    Virginia).  —  Colonial    Problems, 

Political  and  Diplomatic.    1  Gr.,  7  Se.,  4  Ju.,  5  So.,  2  Fr.,  9  uC.  Total  28. 

Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 
7.       Professor  Holcombe.  —  National  Administration  of  the  United  States. 

7  Gr.,  1  Se.,  2  Ju.,  2  Sp.    Total  12. 

12a  xhf.  Professor  A.  B.  Hart.  —  American  Political  Organization,  National, 
State,  and  Municipal.  9  Gr.,  1  Se.,  1  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  ocC.     Total  13. 

12b  2hf.  Professor    Rogers    (University   of   Virginia). — American   Govern- 
mental Powers,  National,  State,  and  Municipal. 

8  Gr.,  6  Se.,  6  Ju.,  4  So.,  3  uC,  1  Sp.,  3  R.     Total  31. 

Courses  of  Research 

20a2hf.  Professor  Munro. — Topics  in  Municipal  Government. 

2  Gr.     Total  2. 
20d.     Professor  Holcombe.  —  Topics  in  the  Theory  of  Government. 

2  Gr.,  1  Se.     Total  3. 

20e  lhf.  Professor   A.    B.    Hart.  —  American   Institutions  —  National   and 

Diplomatic.  2  Gr.     Total  2. 

II.   Law  and  Political  Theory 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

18a  lhf.  Professor   A.    B.   Hart.  —  Combined   Governments   and  Systems : 
Composite,  Colonial,  Federal,  and  International. 

2  Gr.,  2  Se.,  2  Ju.,  1  So.,  4  uC,  1  ocC.  Total  12. 


COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION  95 

19.       Mr.  MacLeish.  —  American  Constitutional  Law. 

12  Gr.,  2  Se.,  6  Ju.,  4  So.     Total  24. 
Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 
|6.        Professor  McIlwain.  —  History  of  Political  Theory. 

20  Gr.,  2  Se.,  1  Ju.,  3  R.     Total  26. 

III.   International  Law  and  Diplomacy 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

4.       Professor  G.  G.  Wilson,  assisted  by  Mr.  Haberly.  —  Elements  of 
International  Law.     10  Gr.,  7  Se.,  8  Ju.,  2  So.,  2  uC,  4  Sp.     Total  33. 

Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

15.       Professor  G.  G.  Wilson.  —  International  Law  as  administered  by  the 
courts  and  as  observed  in  international  negotiations. 

10  Gr.,  1  Se.,  3  Ju.     Total  14. 
Course  of  Research 
20c.      Professor  G.  G.  Wilson.  —  International  Law.  2  Gr.   Total  2. 

ECONOMICS 

Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 

A.        Asst.  Professors  Burbank  and  J.  S.  Davis,  Dr.  Rufus  S.  Tucker,  and 
Messrs.  Shortlifpe,  Masson,  Meriam,  and  Kahn,  with  lectures  on 
selected  subjects  by  Professor  Taussig.  —  Principles  of  Economics. 
29  Se.,  137  Ju.,  214  So.,  8  Fr.,  79  uG,  16  ocC,  2  Sp.,  13  E.,  1  Di., 

1  E.T.S.    Total  500. 
For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 
la  ihf.  Asst.  Professor  J.  S.  Davis,  assisted  by  Mr.  Shaulis.  —  Accounting. 

1  Gr.,  1  G.B.,  34  Se.,  45  Ju.,  20  So.,  28  uC,  13  ocC,  1  Sp.,  1  E.    Total  144. 
16  2hf.  Asst.  Professor  J.  S.  Davis,  assisted  by  Mr.  Eliot.  —  Statistics. 

8  Se.,  16  Ju.,  9  So.,  10  uC,  5  ocC,  1  Sp.,  1  E.     Total  50. 
2o  lhf.  Dr.  E.  E.  Lincoln,  assisted  by  Mr.  Hyde.  —  European  Industry  and 
Commerce  in  the  Nineteenth  Century. 

18  Gr.,  8  Se.,  17  Ju.,  11  So.,  1  Fr.,  12  uC,  3  ocC.     Total  70. 
26  2hf.  Dr.  E.  E.  Lincoln,  assisted  by  Mr.  Hyde.  —  Economic  History  of  the 
United  States. 

13  Gr.,  1  G.B.,  34  Se.,  47  Ju.,  26  So.,  3  Fr.,  17  uC.,  6  ocC'.,  1  Sp.    Total  148. 
3.       Professor  Young.  —  Money,  Banking,  and  Commercial  Crises. 

6  Gr.,  34  Se.,  67  Ju.,  10  So.,  3  Fr.,  20  uC,  8  ocC.    Total  148. 
4a  lhf.  Professor  Ripley,  assisted  by  Mr.  Frame.  —  Economics  of  Transpor- 
tation. 3  Gr.,  38  Se.,  50  Ju.,  11  So.,  19  uC.,  11  ocC.     Total  132. 
46  2hf.  Professor  Ripley,  assisted  by  Mr.  Frame.  —  Economics  of  Corpora- 
tions.       9  Gr.,  42  Se.,  62  Ju.,  18  So.,  24  uC,  9  ocC,  2  Sp.     Total  166. 
5a  %f.  Asst.  Professor  Burbank.  —  Public  Finance,  exclusive  of  Taxation. 

2  Gr.,  16  Se.,  11  Ju.,  1  So.,  10  uC.,  4  ocC.     Total  44. 

56  2hf  Asst.  Professor  Burbank.  —  The  Principles  and  Methods  of  Taxation. 
3  Gr.,  1  Gr.Ed.,  31  Se.,  25  Ju.,  5  So.,  1  Fr.,  12  uC,  2  ocC,  1  E.     Total  81. 


96  COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION 

6a  lhf.  Professor  Ripley,  assisted  by  Mr.  Meriam.  —  Trade-Unionism  and 
Allied  Problems. 

2  Gr.,  41  Se.,  34  Ju.,  1  So.,  8  uC,  5  ocC,  1  Sp.,  1  Di.,  1  L.    Total  94. 
7a  xhf.  Professor  Day.  — -  Theories  of  Value  and  Distribution. 

2  Gr.,  4  Se.,  5  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  uC,  2  ocC.     Total  15. 
76  2hf.  Professor  Carver.  —  The  Single  Tax,  Socialism,  Anarchism. 

3  Gr.,  29  Se.,  19  Ju.,  1  Fr.,  10  uC.,  6  ocC.,  1  Sp.     Total  69. 
8.       Professor  Carver,  assisted  by  Mr.  Hyde.  —  Principles  of  Sociology. 
4  Gr.,  1  Gr.Ed.,  7  Se.,  12  Ju.,  2  So.,  1  Fr.,  9  uC,  2  ocC,  1  Sp.,  1  Di. 

Total  40. 
9a  lhf.  Professor  Carver,  assisted  by  Mr.  Hopkins.  — ■  Economics  of  Agri- 
culture. 7  Gr.,  19  Se.,  6  Ju.,  1  So.,  4  uC.,  4  ocC.     Total  41. 
96  2hf.  Professor  Taussig.  —  International  Trade  and  Tariff  Policies. 

6  Gr.,  11  Se.,  15  Ju.,  2  So.,  1  Fr.,  5  uC,  4  ocC,  1  Sp.     Total  45. 
10  lhf.  Dr.  A.  E.  Monroe.  —  Economic  Thought  and  Institutions. 

43  Se.,  21  Ju.,  1  uC,  5  ocC.     Total  70. 
Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

I 

Economic  Theory  and  Method 

|11.      Professor  Taussig.  —  Economic  Theory. 

26  Gr.,  1  G.B.,  1  Se.,  1  ocC,  10  R.     Total  39. 
12  %f.  Professor  Carver.  —  The  Distribution  of  Wealth.  5  Gr.,  2  Se.  Total  7. 

$14.      Professor  Bullock.  —  History  and  Literature  of   Economics  to  the 
year  1848.  18  Gr.,  1  R.     Total  19. 

15.       Professor  Young.  —  Modern  Schools  of  Economic  Thought. 

7  Gr.,  1  ocC.     Total  8. 
Ill 
Applied  Economics 
$31.      Professor  Bullock.  —  Public  Finance.  21  Gr.,  2  R.     Total  23. 

$32  2hf.  Professor  Carver.  —  Economics  of  Agriculture. 

8  Gr.,  1  G.B.,  1  Se.,  1  Ju.,  1  ocC,  1  R.     Total  13. 
$33  xhf.  Professor  Taussig.  —  International  Trade  and  Tariff  Problems. 

11  Gr.,  2  R.     Total  13. 
$34.      Professor  Ripley.  —  Problems  of  Labor. 

19  Gr.,  1  Gr.Ed.,  1  Se.,  1  ocC.     Total  22. 
$35a  1hf.  Asst.  Professor  J.  S.  Davis.  —  Business  Corporations. 

8  Gr.,  1  R.     Total  9. 

37  %f.  Professor  Persons.  —  Commercial  Crises.  3  Gr.,  1  Se.     Total  4. 

38  2hf.   Professor  Young.  —  Selected  Monetary  Problems. 

12  Gr.,  1  G.B.    Total  13. 
IV 

Statistics 

$41 .      Asst.  Professor  Day.  —  Statistical  Theory  and  Analysis. 

10  Gr.,  2  G.B.,  7  R.     Total  19. 


COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION  97 

V 

Social  Sciences 
Anthropology  12  %f.    (See  Anthropology,  p.  98.) 

Social  Ethics  4^/.,  6%f.,  10  ^/.,  11  %f.,  12  %f.,   U*hf.,   15  2fc/.,   20.     (See 
Social  Ethics,  pp.  101  and  103.) 

Course  of  Research  in  Economics 

$20.      Professors  Taussig,  Carver,  Ripley,  Bullock,  Young,  Persons,  and 
Day.     Economic  Research.  18  Gr.,  1  Di.     Total  19. 

The  Seminary  in  Economics 

Meetings  were  held  each  week  by  instructors  and  advanced  students  for  the 
presentation  of  the  results  of  investigation. 

EDUCATION 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

A  lhf.  Professor  Holmes.  —  Principles  and  Problems  of  Modern  Education. 
Contemporary  Educational  Conditions  (Introductory  Course). 

2  Gr.,  7  Se.,  6  Ju.,  1  uC,  3  ocC,  2  Sp.     Total  21. 
B  2hf.  Professor  Hanus.  —  Public  School  Administration  in  State  and  City.  — 
Contemporary  Tendencies  and  Problems. 

1  Gr.,  3  Gr.Ed.,  1  Se.,  5  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  uC,  1  ocC,  1  Sp.     Total  14. 
1.       Professor  A.  O.  Norton  (Wellesley  College).  —  The  History  of  Edu- 
cation. 4  Gr.Ed.,  1  uC.     Total  5. 
7  2hf.  Professor   Dearborn.  —  Educational   Psychology   and    Mental   Hy- 
giene.                4  Gr.,  4  Se.,  15  Ju.,  2  So.,  3  Fr.,  3  uC,  3  Sp.     Total  34. 

Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

36  lhf.  Mr.  Beatley.  —  Principles  of  Secondary  Education.    Visits  to  schools. 

1  ocC,  1  Sp.     Total  2. 

9  2hf.  Mr.  Beatley.  —  Teaching.    Teaching  under  supervision  in  the  schools 

of   Newton,    Brookline,    Arlington,    Medford,    Somerville,    Belmont, 

Watertown,  and  Cambridge.  1  ocC.     Total  1. 

ANTHROPOLOGY 

Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 

1.  Associate  Professor  Tozzer  and  Dr.  Hooton,  assisted  by  Mr.  Kerr.  — 
General  Anthropology. 

12  Se.,  16  Ju.,  9  So.,  4  Fr.,  8  uC,  1  ocC,  1  Sp.     Total  51. 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 
5.       Professor  Dixon.  —  American  Archaeology  and  Ethnography. 

2  Gr.,  1  Se.,  1  Sp.     Total  4. 

2.  Dr.  Hooton.  —  Physical  Anthropology. 

4  Gr.,  5  Se.,  1  Ju.,  7  uC,  1  Sp.     Total  18. 


98  COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION 

3  %f.  Dr.  Hooton.  —  Criminal  Anthropology  and  Race  Mixture. 

3  Gr.,  11  Se.,  18  Ju.,  6  So.,  10  uC,  5  ocC,  2  Sp.     Total  55. 

4  %f.  Dr.    Hooton.  —  Prehistoric    European   Archaeology    and    European 

Ethnography.  1  Gr.,  2  Se.,  7  Ju.,  4  ocC.  Total  14. 

7  xhf.  Professor  Dixon.  —  Ethnography  of  Oceania.    2  Gr.,  1  ocC.     Total  3. 

11  2hf.  Professor  Dixon.  —  Ethnography  of  Asia.    3  Gr.,  1  Se.,  2  So.    Total  6. 

12  2hf.  Associate  Professor  Tozzer.  —  Primitive  Sociology,  a  History  of  Insti- 

tutions. 4  Gr.,  1  Se.,  9  Ju.,  3  So.,  3  uC.     Total  20. 

13  2hf.  Professor  Dixon.  —  Primitive  Industries  and  Arts.  2  Se.,  4  Ju.  Total  6. 

8  2hf.  Professor  Dixon.  —  American  Indian  Languages.         3  Gr.     Total  3. 
15  hf.  Professor  Dixon,  Associate  Professor  Tozzer,  and  Dr.  Hooton. — 

Field  Methods  in  Anthropology.  2  Gr.,  1  Sp.     Total  3. 

Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

Course  of  Research 

20d.     Professor  Dixon.  —  General  Ethnology.  1  Gr.,  1  Di.     Total  2. 

GROUP  IV 
PHILOSOPHY  AND  PSYCHOLOGY 
Philosophy 
Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 

A.        Professors  Woods,  R.  B.  Perry,  and  Hocking.  —  Introduction  to 
Philosophy. 

3  Se.,  94  Ju.,  148  So.,  106  Fr.,  65  uC,  2  ocC,  2  Sp.,  2  E.    Total  422. 

1  lhf.  (formerly  C).   Dr.  Shepfer.  —  Elementary  Logic. 

14  Se.,  41  Ju.,  21  So.,  3  Fr.,  11  uC,  2  ocC,  2  Sp.,  1  E.    Total  95. 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

3  ^hf.  Dr.  Shepfer.  —  Philosophy  of  Science.    Introduction  to  the  Logic  of 

Science  and  the  Metaphysics  of  Nature. 

4  Se.,  1  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  uC,  1  ocC.    Total  8. 

3o  2hf.  Associate  Professor  Lewis  (University  of  California).    The  Philosophy 
of  Evolution.        4  Gr.,  7  Se.,  11  Ju.,  6  So.,  1  Fr.,  1  Sp.,  1  E.     Total  31. 

4  lhf.  Professor  R.  B.  Perry.  —  Ethics  —  General  Course. 

4  Gr.,  7  Se.,  11  Ju.,  3  So.,  5  uC.,  2  ocC,  2  Sp.,  1  Di.,  1  B.U.    Total  36. 

4o  2hf.  Associate   Professor  Lewis    (University  of   California).  —  Advanced 
Ethics.  6  Gr.,  2  Se.,  2  Ju.,  1  So.,  2  uC.     Total  13. 

5  %f.  Professor  Hocking.  —  Philosophy  of  the  State. 

6  Gr.,  31  Se.,  53  Ju.,  12  So.,  1  Fr.,  4  uC,  6  ocC,  6  Sp.,  2  Di., 
1  B.U.,  1  N.T.I.,  1  E.T.S.    Total  124. 
6a  lhf.  Professor  Edward  C.  Moore.  —  Philosophy  of  Religion.    The  nature 
and  evolution  of  the  religious  consciousness. 

4  Gr.,  3  Se.,  2  Ju.,  2  So.,  3  uC,  2  ocC,  2  And.,  1  N.T.I.  Total  19. 

66  2hf.  Professor  Edward  C.  Moore.  —  Philosophy  of  Religion.    The  truths 
of  religion.    1  Gr.,  2  Se.,  6  Ju.,  4  uC,  1  ocC,  3  And.,  1  N.T.I.  Total  18. 


COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION  99 

7  ltf.  Professor  Fenn.  —  Theism.  4  Di.,  1  And.     Total  5. 

8  2hf.  Dr.  Sheffer.  —  Advanced  Logic.  —  The  elements  of  mathematical 

logic,  with  some  applications  to  problems  of  philosophy. 

3  Gr.,  1  Se.,  8  Ju.,  11  So.,  5  uC,  3  E.     Total  31. 
9.       Professor  Hocking. —  Metaphysics.   6  Gr.,  2  Se.,  1  ocC.,  1  Sp.  Total  10. 
9c  2hf.  Dr.  Demos.  —  Introduction  to  the  Theory  of  Knowledge.   Perception, 
Meaning,  Judgment,  and  Inference,  in  the  light  of  contemporary  dis- 
cussions. 2  Qr.,  1  Se.,  2  Ju.,  2  So.,  2  ocC,  1  Sp.     Total  10. 
10  2hf.  Asst.  Professor  Langfeld.  —  Aesthetics. 

2  Gr.,  6  Se.,  23  Ju.,  13  So.,  1  Fr.,  6  uC.,  1  ocC,  1  Sp.,  1  Di.  Total  54. 
J126  2hf.  Professor  Woods.  —  Later  Platonic  Dialogues.   2  Gr.,  1  R.  Total  3. 
■  15  2hf.  Professor   Hocking.  —  The   Kantian   Philosophy.     Reading   of   the 
Critique  of  Pure  Reason  with  explanatory  and  historical  comment. 

5  Gr.,  2  Se.,  5  Ju.,  2  So.,  3  uC.,  1  Sp.,  2  B.U.     Total  20. 
$16a  lhf.  Associate    Professor    Lewis    (University    of    California).  —  Post- 
Kantian  Idealism.        4  Gr.,  4  Se.,  2  Ju.,  1  R.,  1  Di.,  1  And.     Total  13. 
166  lhf.  Dr.  Eaton.  —  English  Empiricism  in  the  Nineteenth  Century.     A 
study  of  empiricism  with  special  reference  to  the  development  of  the 
political  and  social  sciences.  7  Se.,  11  Ju.,  2  So.,  1  uC.     Total  21. 

'  18  2hf.  Professor  R.   B.    Perry.  —  Present   Philosophical  Tendencies.     An 

I  outline  of  current  tendencies  in  ethics,  political  philosophy,  and  funda- 

mental beliefs,  with  special  reference  to  the  conflict  of  ideals  in  the 
recent  war.  4  Gr.,  9  Se.,  18  Ju.,  4  So.,  6  uC,  1  Di.     Total  42. 

I  Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 
J22  lhf.  Associate    Professor    Lewis    (University    of    California).  —  Logical 
Theory.    Investigation  of  the  fundamental  concepts  of  Logic.    Com- 
parative study  of  various  types  of  Logical  Theory. 

6  Gr.,  2  Se.,  1  So.,  1  R.    Total  10. 
Mathematics  27  %f.  (see  Mathematics,  p.  102). 

t24a  %f.  (formerly  17a).   Professor  E.   C.  Moore.  —  History  of  Christian 
Thought  since  1632.  1  Gr.,  1  R.,  1  And.,  2  Di.     Total  5. 

\24b2hf.  (formerly  176).  Professor  Edward  C.  Moore.  —  Modern  Theology, 
especially  as  influenced  by  Ritschl. 

1  Gr.,  4  Di.,  1  And.,  1  E.T.S.,  1  R.     Total  8. 
17  lhf.  Dr.  Wolfson.  —  Spinoza  and  Mediaeval  Jewish  Philosophy. 

3  Gr.     Total  3. 
(This  course  is  the  same  as  Semitic  25^/.) 


Seminary  Courses 

20.  Professors  Woods,  R.  B.  Perry,  and  Hocking,  and  Associate  Professor 
Lewis  (University  of  California).  —  Selected  Authors  and  Topics  in  the 
History  of  Philosophy.  3  Gr.,  1  Di.,  1  R.     Total  5. 

206  lhf.  Professor  Woods.  —  Seminary  in  the  History  of  Philosophy.  French 
Philosophy  in  the  Nineteenth  Century.  2  Gr.     Total  2. 

20c.    Dr.  Sheffer.  —  Seminary  in  Logic.    Contemporary  Problems. 

1  Gr.,  1  R.     Total  2. 


100  COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION 

J20e.  Professor  R.  B.  Perry.  —  Seminary  in  the  Theory  of  Knowledge. 
Selected  Topics  from  Epistemology,  with  special  reference  to  the  prob- 
lems of  Judgment  and  Truth.  10  Gr.,  2  R.  Total  12. 
20i  hf.  Professor  Pound,  with  the  collaboration  of  members  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Philosophy  and  Psychology,  and  of  other  departments.  — 
Problems  in  Social  Philosophy,  with  special  reference  to  Jurisprudence. 

5Gr.,2Sp.     Total  7. 
The  Classics 

Greek  8,  Greek  14  2hf.,  and  Latin  8.     (See  the  Classics,  pp.  71,  72.) 

Psychology 

Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 

A%f.  Professor  McDougall.  —  Introduction  to  Psychology:   Fundamental 
Principles. 

1  Gr.,  1  Se.,  41  Ju.,  30  So.,  38  Fr.,  46  uC,  3  ocC,  3  Sp.     Total  163. 

B2hf.  Asst.   Professor  Langfeld.  —  Introduction  to   Psychology:    Experi- 
mental and  Applied.    14  Ju.,  16  So.,  21  Fr.,  22  uC.,  3  ocC,  3  Sp.  Total  79. 
1  %f.  Dr.  Allport.  —  Comparative  Psychology. 

3  Gr.,  7  Se.,  17  Ju.,  10  So.,  1  Fr.,  11  uC,  5  ocC,  5  Sp.,  1  E.    Total  60. 

For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 
5  2hf.  Dr.  Troland.  —  Advanced  Psychology. 

9  Gr.,  4  Se.,  5  Ju.,  5  So.,  1  Fr.,  2  uC.,  1  Sp.     Total  27. 
Education  7  2hf.    (See  Education,  p.  97.) 

10  %f.  Dr.  Allport.  —  Experimental  Human  Psychology  (introductory  lab- 
oratory course).  3  Gr.,  9  Se.,  4  Ju.,  1  So.,  2  uC.,  2  ocC.     Total  21. 
12a  lhf.  Dr.  Troland.  —  The  Psychophysiology  of  Sensation  and  Feeling. 

7  Gr.,  1  Se.,  1  Ju.,  1  ocC.     Total  10 
16  2hf.  Dr.  Allport.  —  Social  Psychology. 

7  Gr.,  3  Se.,  11  Ju.,  4  So.,  2  Fr.,  11  uC,  2  ocC,  1  Sp.,  1  E.    Total  42, 

Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

|23  2hf.  Professor  McDougall.  —  Abnormal  Psychology. 

12  Gr.,  2  Se.,  5  Ju.,  1  So.,  3  uC,  1  Di.     Total  24 
24.       Dr.  Troland.  —  Research  in  Psychophysiological  Optics. 

2  Gr.     Total  2 
20.       Special  Research  in  Psychology,  under  the  direction  of  an  instructor  oi 

the  Department.  6  Gr.     Total  6 

J206.    Asst.    Professor   Langfeld.  —  Seminary  in   Psychology.  —  Essentia 

Problems.  13  Gr.,  1  Se.,  2  Ju.,  5  R.     Total  21 

J20e.    Professor  McDougall.  —  Seminary  in  Psychopathology.     Mind  am 

Body.  12  Gr.,  1  Di.,  2  R.     Total  IS 

20a.     Asst.  Professor  Langfeld  and  Dr.  Allport.  —  Psychological  Labora 

tory.     Experimental  investigations  in  human  psychology,  includin. 

problems  of  applied  psychology.  11  Gr.     Total  11 

20c.      Professor  McDougall.  —  Research  in  Comparative  Psychology. 

4  Gr.     Total 


COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION  101 

20d.     Professor  C.  M.  Campbell.  —  Research  in  Psychopathology. 

3  Gr.,  2  R.     Total  5. 

SOCIAL  ETHICS 

Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 

A.        Professor  Cabot,  assisted  by  Dr.  Carpenter.  —  Human  Relations. 

3  Gr.,  66  Se.,  98  Ju.,  54  So.,  29  Fr.,  30  uC,  27  ocC,  5  Sp.,  4  E.,  1  S.A. 

Total  317. 
For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 
1.       Asst.  Professor  Foerster  and  Asst.  Professor  James  Ford,  assisted  by 
Dr.  Carpenter.  —  Social  Problems  and  Social  Policy. 

6  Se.,  4  Ju.,  6  So.,  2  uC,  2  ocC.     Total  20. 
4  xhf.  Asst.  Professor  Foerster.  —  American  Population  Problems :   Immi- 
gration and  the  Negro. 

3  Gr.,  11  Se.,  12  Ju.,  2  So.,  3  uC,  3  ocC,  1  Sp.,  1  Di.     Total  36. 
6  2hf.  Asst.  Professor  Foerster.  —  Unemployment  and  Related  Problems  of 
the  Working  Classes,  with  Special  Consideration  of  Social  Insurance. 

4  Gr.,  13  Se.,  17  Ju.,  4  So.,  11  uC.,  5  ocC,  1  Di.     Total  55. 

Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 

J15  2hf.  Asst.  Professor  Foerster.  —  Recent  Theories  of  Social  Reform. 

4  Gr.,  1  Se.,  2  Ju.,  1  ocC,  1  Di.,  4  R.,  1  And.     Total  14. 
J16  2hf.  Professor  Cabot.  —  The  Kingdom  of  Evils. 

5  Gr.,  4  Se.,  5  Ju.,  2  So.,  2  uC,  3  ocC,  2  Di.,  1  E.T.S.,  15  R.  Total  39. 

Course  of  Research 

20.  Asst.  Professor  Foerster  and  Asst.  Professor  Ford.  —  Special  Re- 
searches. 4  Gr.,  1  Di.     Total  5. 

MATHEMATICS 

Primarily  for  Undergraduates:  — 

A.  Professors  Osgood  and  Gratjstein,  and  Messrs.  Brown,  Garabedian, 
Levy,  and  Mackie.  —  Trigonometry;  Analytic  Geometry;  Intro- 
duction to  the  Calculus. 

1  Se.,  6  Ju.,  16  So.,  117  Fr.,  4  uC,  3  Sp.,  21  E.     Total  168. 
€.        Professor  J.  L.  Coolidge,  Associate  Professor  Kellogg,  and  Messrs. 
Langer,  Rupp,  and  Mackie.  —  Analytic  Geometry;   Introduction  to 
the  Calculus. 

2  Se.,  13  Ju.,  14  So.,  99  Fr.,  5  uC,  1  ocC,  20  E.    Total  154. 
D  %f.  Mr.  Brown  and  Mr.  Rupp.  —  Algebra. 

3  Se.,  21  Ju.,  20  So.,  45  Fr.,  4  uC,  1  E.     Total  94. 
E  lhf.  Mr.  Brown  and  Mr.  Rupp.  —  Solid  Geometry. 

1  Se.,  19  Ju.,  2  So.,  22  Fr.,  1  uC.     Total  45. 
K  lhf.  Mr.  Levy.  —  Logarithms;  Plane  and  Spherical  Trigonometry. 

2  Se.,  3  Ju.,  7  So.,  2  Fr.     Total  14. 
2.       Associate  Professor  Bouton,  Professors  Huntington,  Birkhoff,  and 
Curtiss  (Northwestern  University)  and  Mr.  Langer.  —  Differential 
and  Integral  Calculus;  Analytic  Geometry. 

2  Se.,  11  Ju.,  56  So.,  1  Fr.,  5  uC,  1  ocC,  40  E.,  1  Sp.     Total  117. 


102  COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION 

4.       Associate  Professor  Kellogg.  —  The  Elements  of  Mechanics. 

4  Gr.,  2  Se.,  7  Ju.,  4  So.,  1  ocC,  1  E.     Total  19. 
For  Undergraduates  and  Graduates:  — 

5a  %f.  Professor  Birkhoff.  —  Differential  and  Integral  Calculus  (advanced 
course.    Part  I). 

5  Gr.,  9  Se.,  18  Ju.,  4  So.,  3  uC,  2  ocC,  1  Sp.,  2  E.     Total  44. 
56  2hf.  Professor  Birkhoff.  —  Differential  and  Integral  Calculus  (advanced 
course.    Part  II).  4  Gr.,  5  Se.,  8  Ju.,  3  So.,  3  uC,  1  ocC,  1  E.  Total  25. 
3.       Associate  Professor  Bouton.  —  Introduction  to  Modern  Geometry. 

3  Gr.,  1  Se.,  9  Ju.,  3  So.,  2  uC.,  4  ocC.    Total  22. 
9  2hf.  Professor  J.  L.  Coolidge.  —  Probability. 

7  Gr.,  4  Se.,  7  Ju.,  1  So.,  1  uC     Total  20. 
Primarily  for  Graduates:  — 
8.       Professor  Osgood.  —  Dynamics  (second  course). 

15  Gr.,  2  Se.,  5  Ju.,  2  R.     Total  24. 
113.      Asst.  Professor  Gratjstein.  —  The  Theory  of  Functions  (introductory 
course).  7  Gr.,  1  Se.,  4  Ju.     Total  12. 

$14a  lhf.  Professor  J.  L.  Coolidge.  —  Algebra.  The  properties  of  polynomials; 
invariants.  4  Gr.,  1  Se.,  2  R.     Total  7. 

£22.  Asst.  Professor  Gratjstein.  —  Differential  Geometry  of  Curves  and 
Surfaces.  5  Gr.    Total  5. 

£26.      Professor  J.  L.  Coolidge.  —  Line  Geometry.         4  Gr.,  1  R.     Total  5. 
$27 1hf.  Professor  Huntington.  —  The  Fundamental  Concepts  of  Mathe- 
matics. 2  Gr.,  2  Se.,  2  Ju.,  3  uC,  1  ocC,  1  R.     Total  11. 
$10a  lhf.  Associate   Professor  Kellogg.  —  Introduction  to  the  Theory  of 
Potential  Functions  and  Laplace's  Equation.       9  Gr.,  1  Ju.     Total  10. 
$106  2hf.  Professor   Curtiss    (Northwestern   University).  —  The   Analytical 
Theory  of  Heat  and  Problems  in  Elastic  Vibrations.    Fourier's  Series; 
Legendre's  Polynomials.    BessePs  Functions. 

10  Gr.,  1  Se.,  1  Ju.,  1  Sp.,  1  R.     Total  14. 
$25.      Associate  Professor  Bouton.  —  Geometrical  Transformations.     With 
special  reference  to  the  works  of  Sophus  Lie. 

7  Gr.,  1  Se.,  1  Ju.,  1  R.     Total  10. 
$17a  %f.  Professor  Osgood.  —  The  Theory  of  Functions   (Second  Course, 
Part  I).  4  Gr.,  2  R.     Total  6. 

$176  2hf.  Professor  Curtiss  (Northwestern  University).  —  The  Theory  of 
Functions  (Second  Course,  Part  II).  3  Gr.,  1  R.     Total  4. 

$30  xhf.  Professor  Birkhoff.  —  Developments  in  Series.  Theory  of  the  ex- 
pansion of  arbitrary  functions  according  to  solutions  of  an  ordinary 
linear  differential  equation.  3  Gr.,  1  E.,  2  R.     Total  6. 

$33  2hf.  Professor  Birkhoff.  —  Difference  Equations.     6  Gr.,  2  R.    Total  8. 

$Seminary  in  Analysis 
Associate  Professor  Kellogg  and  Professor  Birkhoff.  —   3  Gr.,  2  R.  Total  5. 

Course  of  Research 
20e.      Professor  Birkhoff.  —  Topics  in  the  Theory  of  Differential  Equa- 
tions. 2  Gr.     Total  2. 


COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION  103 

OUT  OF  GROUP 
MILITARY  SCIENCE  AND  TACTICS 

1.  Major   Goetz.  —  Military  Science.  —  Field  Artillery,   Materiel   and 
Gunnery:  HippoJogy.     Fundamentals  of  Military  Training. 

3  Se.,  7  So.,  37  Fr.,  2  uC,  2  ocC,  1  Sp.,  4  E.     Total  56. 

2.  Major   Goetz.  —  Military   Science.  —  Ordnance,    Gas   Engineering, 
Topography,  and  Orientation.     1  G.B.,  26  So.,  4  Fr.,  1  uC.     Total  32. 

3.  Major  Goetz.  —  Military  Science.    Conduct  of  Fire,  Artillery  Firing; 
Minor  Tactics.  1  Gr.,  3  Se.,  15  Ju.,  5  So.     Total  24. 

SOCIAL  ETHICS 

Professional  Courses 

10  xhf.  Asst.  Professor  James  Ford.  —  Forms  and  Methods  of  Social  Service. 

6  Gr.,  2  Gr.Ed.,  2  Di.,  1  E.T.S.     Total  11. 

11  %j.  Asst.  Professor  James  Ford.  —  Poor  Relief:    Case  Work  with  De- 

pendent Families  and  Administration  of  Charitable  Agencies. 

3  Gr.,  1  Gr.Ed.,  2  Di.,  1  E.T.S.     Total  7. 

12  *hf.  Asst.  Professor  James  Ford.  —  Community  Organization:  Forms  and 

Methods  of  Social  Work  with  Neighborhood  Groups  and  the  Develop- 
ment of  Cooperative  Agencies.  4  Gr.,  4  Di.    Total  8. 

14  *hf.  Asst.  Professor  James  Ford.  —  The  Housing  Problem  and  the  Social 
Aspects  of  Town  Planning.  5  L.A.     Total  5. 

20.       Asst.  Professor  James  Ford.  —  Special  Researches.  1  Gr.,  1  Di.  Total  2. 


COURSES  IN  MEDICAL  SCIENCES 
Anatomy 

1  *,     Associate  Professor  John  Warren  and  Dr.  Begg.  —  Elementary  Hu- 

man Anatomy.  5  Gr.     Total  5. 

2  *.     Associate   Professors   Bremer  and  Lewis.  —  Elementary  Histology, 

Embryology,  and  Neurology.  5  Gr.     Total  5. 

Physiology 

10.  Professor  Cannon,  Associate  Professor  Drinker,  Asst.  Professors 
Stiles  and  Aub,  and  Dr.  A.  Forbes.  —  Elementary  Course. 

5Gr.    Total  5. 

12.  Professor  Cannon,  Associate  Professor  Drinker,  Dr.  A.  Forbes,  and 
Asst.  Professor  Aub.  —  Pre-research  Training.  1  Gr.    Total  1. 

Biochemistry 

1.  Professor  Folin  and  Asst.  Professor  Fiske.  —  General  Biological 
Chemistry.  6  Gr.     Total  6. 

5.  Professor  Folin  and  Asst.  Professor  Fiske.  —  Advanced  Biological 
Chemistry.  1  Gr.     Total  1. 


104  COMMITTEE    ON    INSTRUCTION 

Pathology 

1.        Professor  Councilman,  Associate  Professor  Wolbach,  Asst.  Professors 
Wright  and  Goodpasture,  and  Dr.  Cook.  —  General  Pathology. 

lGr.     Total  l.f 
Bacteriology 

1.        Professor  Ernst   and  Associate   Professor  Wolbach.  —  Elementary 
Bacteriology.  1  Gr.     Total  1. 

20.        Professor  Ernst  and  Associate  Professor  Wolbach.  —  Research. 

5Gr.    Total  5. 

Since  a  considerable  percentage  of  students  in  the  Summer 
School  are  students  of  Education  (in  1920,  27  per  cent;  in  1921, 
33  per  cent),  it  seemed  desirable  that  the  newly  established  Grad- 
uate School  of  Education  should  be  represented  on  the  Admin- 
istrative Board  in  charge  of  the  Summer  School.  At  the  request 
of  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences  the  Committee  on  Instruction 
considered  the  matter  and  proposed  the  following  vote,  which  was 
adopted  by  the  Faculty  November  16,  1920: 

That  hereafter  the  Summer  School  be  conducted  as  a  joint 
enterprise  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences  and  the  Graduate 
School  of  Education;  the  School  to  be  under  the  immediate  control 
of  an  administrative  board,  to  be  composed  of  representatives  of 
the  two  Faculties  in  the  approximate  proportion  of  two-thirds  from  ; 
the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences  and  one-third  from  the  Faculty 
of  the  Graduate  School  of  Education. 

Beginning,  then,  with  its  last  session,  the  Summer  School  is  a 
joint  enterprise.  All  courses  in  it  which  count  for  any  degree  under 
the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences  must  be  approved  by  that  Faculty 
on  recommendation  of  the  Committee  on  Instruction;  while  the 
Faculty  of  the  Graduate  School  of  Education  exercises  a  similar 
control  over  courses  leading  to  its  degrees. 

Undergraduates  resort  to  the  Summer  School  for  a  variety  of 
reasons :  most  wish  to  shorten  the  time  required  for  the  bachelor's 
degree;  some  have  deficiencies  to  make  good;  and  a  few  desire 
additional  opportunities  to  work  in  their  special  subjects.  Grad- 
uate students,  also,  find  advanced  work  now  open  to  them  in  sum- 
mer courses.  The  total  number  of  undergraduates,  however,  is  , 
not  large,  being  222  in  both  1920  and  1921.  In  the  latter  year  there 
were  182  undergraduates  in  good  standing,  29  who  were  deficient 
in  their  college  work,  and  11  specials,  as  contrasted  with  1920, 
when  128  undergraduates  in  good  standing,  87  deficient  in  their 
work,  and  7  specials  made  up  the  total.  The  decrease  in  the  num- 
ber of  deficient  students  is  a  cause  for  congratulation.    The  num- 


COMMITTEE    ON    INSTRUCTION  105 

ber  of  graduate  students,  including  students  from  the  professional 
schools,  rose  from  55  in  1920  to  101  in  1921,  but  the  proportion  of 
"regular  students''  to  the  total  number  in  the  Summer  School 
remained  about  the  same;  16.2  per  cent  in  1920,  15.9  per  cent  in 
1921. 

The  admission  of  women  to  the  Graduate  School  of  Education 
on  equal  terms  with  men  promptly  raised  the  question  whether 
these  women  should  be  freely  admitted  to  instruction  under  the 
Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences.  The  matter  was  referred  to  the 
Committee  on  Instruction,  which  was  enlarged  for  this  purpose 
by  the  addition  of  Dean  Holmes  of  the  Graduate  School  of  Educa- 
tion and  of  Professor  Webster,  Chairman  of  the  Academic  Board 
of  Radcliffe  College.  The  Committee  proposed  the  following 
votes  which  were  adopted  by  the  Faculty  at  its  meeting  of  March 
15,1921: 

(1)  The  Committee  is  of  the  opinion  that  the  admission  of  women  to 
the  Graduate  School  of  Education  should  not  be  regarded  as  in 
any  way  establishing  co-education  in  other  departments  of  the 
University;  that  the  women  students  in  the  Graduate  School  of 
Education  should  therefore  have  no  rights  as  such  to  take  courses 
under  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  but  that  by  appropriate 
arrangements  between  Radcliffe  College  and  the  Graduate  School 
of  Education,  women  should  be  at  liberty  to  obtain  all  the  oppor- 
tunities now  open  to  Radcliffe  students  in  courses  given  at  Rad- 
cliffe or  open  to  Radcliffe  students  under  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and 
Sciences. 

(2)  The  Committee  is  of  the  opinion  that  no  change  should  be  made 
with  reference  to  the  admission  of  women  to  courses  under  the 
charge  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences:  it  accordingly  recom- 
mends that  women  be  not  admitted  to  courses  primarily  for  Under- 
graduates; that  they  be  rarely  admitted  to  courses  for  Under- 
graduates and  Graduates  and  then  only  on  vote  of  the  Faculty  and 
when  the  course  in  question  is  taken  chiefly  by  Graduate  students; 
that  they  be  admitted  to  courses  for  Graduates  only  on  vote  of 
the  Faculty;  and  that  for  admission  to  all  courses  the  consent  of 
the  Instructor  in  charge  be  secured  in  advance. 

(3)  Although  it  is  not  within  the  province  of  the  Committee  to  lay 
down  the  policy  for  Radcliffe  College,  the  Committee  expresses  the 
hope  that  as  the  demand  for  graduate  instruction  for  women  in- 
creases and  as  the  resources  of  Radcliffe  are  enlarged,  it  will  be 
possible  for  Radcliffe  to  provide  an  increasing  amount  of  independ- 
ent instruction  for  Graduate  students. 

Subsequently  the  Corporation  voted  that  women  in  the  Graduate 
School  of  Education  who  wish  to  take  courses  in  another  depart- 
ment of  the  University  shall  register  in  Radcliffe  College  and  that 


106  COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION 

their  applications  shall  be  presented  by  the  authorities  of  Radcliffe 
College  to  the  proper  Faculty  in  Harvard  University. 

At  the  opening  of  the  present  year  certain  applications  from 
women  in  Radcliffe  College  to  be  admitted  to  courses  "primarily 
for  Graduates  and  Undergraduates"  were  referred  to  the  Com- 
mittee on  Instruction  with  power.  The  Committee  could  not 
grant  the  requests;  and  it  proposed  the  following  vote  which  was 
adopted  by  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  October  11,  1921: 

That  women  hereafter  be  admitted  only  to  courses  primarily 
for  graduates  and  to  these  courses  only  on  vote  of  the  Faculty 
after  the  consent  of  the  Instructor  has  been  secured. 

Women  registered  in  Radcliffe  College  may,  therefore,  hereafter 
be  admitted  on  the  terms  indicated  to  the  most  advanced  courses 
under  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences  but  to  no  others.  Gradu- 
ate instruction  is  expensive,  the  classes  are  sometimes  small,  and 
the  number  of  teachers  available  is  limited,  so  that  it  is  frequently 
wise  to  avoid  duplication  of  graduate  instruction.  These  condi- 
tions do  not  hold  for  the  courses  in  the  lower  groups,  and  the 
authorities  of  Harvard  University  are  under  no  obligation  of  any 
kind  to  admit  women  to  anything  but  the  most  advanced  instruc- 
tion. Even  there  limitations  of  space  and  of  money  —  for  instruc- 
tion costs  far  more  than  the  student  pays  —  not  to  speak  of  other 
reasons,  will  at  times  make  it  impossible  to  allow  women  in  gradu- 
ate courses. 

In  this  connection  it  may  be  noted  that  the  fact  that  Radcliffe 
College  depends  wholly  on  Harvard  teachers  to  provide  its  instruc- 
tion causes  occasional  difficulties  for  either  Radcliffe  or  Harvard, 
or  both.  Some  departments  find  it  difficult  to  provide  as  many 
courses  for  Radcliffe  as  are  demanded  by  competent  students; 
and  not  infrequently  instructors  feel  certain  obligations  to  do  more 
teaching  in  Radcliffe  College  than  they  believe  that  it  is  wise  for 
them  to  do.  This  condition  of  things  is  unfortunate  for  all  con- 
cerned, and  is  certainly  not  to  the  advantage  of  either  Radcliffe 
or  Harvard  College.  Radcliffe  may  well  consider  whether  in  her 
own  interests  she  shall  not  have  some  teachers  whose  work  shall 
be  done  wholly  or  chiefly  with  her  own  students. 

Most  students  who  enter  without  a  knowledge  of  French  or  Ger- 
man find  that  the  easiest  way  to  acquire  the  knowledge  of  one  or 
the  other  of  these  languages,  which  is  now  required  before  the  end 
of  the  Sophomore  year,  is  to  elect  either  French  A  or  German  A. 
The  lack  of  opportunities  for  the  study  of  German  in  the  schools, 


COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION  107 

or  the  disinclination  of  boj^s  to  begin  the  study  there,  is  shown  by 
the  large  registration  in  German  A,  which  was  elected  by  477  men 
in  1920-21,  and  by  654  men  the  present  autumn.  The  proportion 
of  Freshmen  was  52  per  cent  in  1920-21,  and  is  77  per  cent  in  1921- 
22.  This  increase  in  the  proportion  of  the  Freshmen  is  to  be  wel- 
comed, for  it  should  enlarge  the  lamentably  small  number  of  upper 
class  men  who  can  use  German  text-books.  The  sudden  and  some- 
what unexpected  growth  of  German  A  made  it  necessary  to  secure 
quickly  a  larger  number  of  instructors  in  elementary  German,  and 
to  increase  the  number  of  sections  in  German  A  from  the  sixteen 
originally  planned  to  twenty-six.  Fortunately  these  changes  have 
been  on  the  whole  satisfactorily  made;  but  it  will  not  be  always 
possible  to  secure  trained  or  skilful  teachers  on  short  notice.  In 
contrast  to  German,  French  is  widely  taught  in  the  schools,  so 
that  French  A  now  contains  118  students  against  140  in  1920-21. 

The  large  increase  in  the  present  Freshman  class  has  put  a 
strain  on  other  Departments  besides  that  of  German,  especially  on 
English  and  History.  English  A  has  a  present  enrolment  of  776 
against  609  in  1920-21,  and  History  1,  which  is  virtually  a  re- 
quired course,  711  against  545  in  1920-21.  Courses  so  large  as 
these  bring  new  problems  on  the  Departments  concerned  which 
may  require  their  careful  consideration. 

The  difficulty  of  obtaining  a  full  corps  of  satisfactory  assistants 
is  a  constant  one,  which  in  some  Departments  has  become  acute. 
Undergraduates  are  generally  not  sufficiently  well  trained  to  as- 
sist in  instruction,  and  they  obviously  should  never  be  employed 
to  pass  judgment  on  the  work  of  their  fellows.  Most  graduate 
students  prefer  to  use  their  time  wholly  for  their  own  studies, 
unless  lack  of  money  forces  them  to  give  a  portion  of  their  time 
to  teaching.  Probably  a  considerable  number  of  young  men  under- 
estimate the  professional  advantage  gained  by  experience  as  assis- 
tants. A  successful  assistant  is  already  embarked  upon  his  teaching 
career;  moreover,  an  examination  of  the  records  of  men  who  have 
served  in  some  of  the  larger  courses  will  show  a  large  proportion 
of  men  who  have  later  attained  professorial  positions  of  impor- 
tance. The  scale  of  pay,  however,  is  small  and  the  work  of  an 
assistant  materially  diminishes  the  time  and  strength  for  independ- 
ent study.  If  the  University  were  in  a  position  to  pay  assistants 
more  than  it  now  can  do,  the  problem  would  be  perhaps  partially 
solved;  but  at  the  present  time  the  Corporation  cannot  wisely 
increase  the  remuneration. 


i 


108  COMMITTEE   ON   INSTRUCTION 

The  report  of  last  year  gave  a  brief  sketch  of  the  plan  and  de- 
velopment of  the  General  Final  Examination  for  the  degree,  and 
of  the  Tutorial  and  Advisory  Systems  now  being  tried.  In  the 
current  year,  1921-22,  the  General  Examination  is  to  be  required 
for  the  first  time  in  a  number  of  Departments.  The  Divisions  of 
Ancient  and  of  Modern  Languages  and  Literatures,  through  a 
joint  committee  which  brought  much  wisdom  to  its  difficult  task, 
prepared  specimen  examination  papers  in  the  subjects  within 
their  several  fields.  These  papers  make  clear  not  only  the  kind  of 
questions  which  may  be  asked,  but  —  a  matter  of  much  greater  im- 
portance —  show  the  ideals  for  the  study  of  literature  which  the 
Divisions  cherish.  The  emphasis  laid  on  the  unity  of  western 
literature  by  the  Departments  which  deal  with  the  several  national 
literatures  cannot  fail  to  have  valuable  results. 

The  system  of  Tutors  or  Advisers,  which  is  an  essential  part  of 
the  plan  for  a  general  final  examination,  demands  a  kind  of  teacher 
somewhat  different  from  the  average  instructor  in  American  col- 
leges. The  old  method  of  hearing  recitations  is  planned  to  discover 
whether  the  student  has  acquired  a  modicum  of  knowledge  from 
the  text  book,  and  makes  no  severe  demands  on  the  one  who  hears 
the  recitation;  the  system  of  lectures,  which  was  probably  at  its 
height  in  this  University  about  twenty-five  years  ago,  is  intended 
to  impart  information,  give  points  of  view,  and  furnish  intellectual 
stimulus  to  the  student;  but  it  may  become  the  easiest  of  all 
methods  for  the  instructor;  conferences  and  discussions  aim  to 
discover  the  student's  weakness  and  strength,  to  direct  his  per- 
sonal reading  and  research,  to  stimulate  his  mental  activity,  and 
to  train  him  in  correct  habits  of  thought.  Given  the  proper  kind 
of  teacher,  the  conference  and  discussion  is  the  best  method  of 
instruction  in  most  subjects,  and  it  certainly  makes  wider  demands 
on  the  teacher  than  either  of  the  other  two  systems  alone.  Yet  the 
recitation  and  the  lecture  have  advantages  which,  however,  can 
to  a  degree,  at  least,  be  gained  with  the  third  method.  Under 
existing  conditions  all  three  systems  and  various  combinations 
of  them  are  necessarily  employed  under  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and 
Sciences.  Conference  and  discussion  with  individuals,  however, 
must  be  the  method  used  by  Tutors  and  by  Advisers  who  perform 
tutorial  functions.  The  work  was  new  at  first.  The  selection  and 
development  of  satisfactory  Tutors  has  not  been  easy.  It  has  been 
necessary  to  find  men  who  possess  not  only  wide  knowledge  of 
their  general  field,  and  who  have  gone  far  enough  in  some  part  of 
their  subject  to  know  from  personal  experience  what  the  aims 


COMMITTEE    ON    INSTRUCTION  109 

and  methods  of  a  thorough  scholar  are,  but  who  also  have  unusual 
skill  in  dealing  sympathetically  with  individuals.  At  present 
the  tutorial  and  advisory  staff  is  well  manned.  The  work  in  general 
is  being  done  with  skill  and  wisdom,  and  those  students  who  have 
intellectual  interests  and  ability  enjoy  as  well  as  profit  by  the  as- 
sistance and  direction  which  they  receive;  moreover,  the  false 
notion  that  the  course  is  the  only  means  by  which  knowledge  or 
method  is  to  be  required  is  gradually  being  displaced  by  saner  ideas. 
The  Tutors  work  wholly  with  undergraduates.  In  many  small 
courses  for  graduates,  conference  and  discussion  with  the  group 
have  long  been  employed.  The  question  may  well  be  raised  whether 
this  method  cannot  be  somewhat  extended  with  advantage 
wherever  small  classes  or  sections  can  be  secured.  The  answer 
can  be  given  only  by  Departments  or  individual  teachers. 

CLIFFORD  H.  MOORE,  Chairman. 


THE  ENGINEERING  SCHOOL 

To  the  President  of  the  University  :  — 

Sir,  —  I  have  the  honor  to  present  the  following  report  on  the 
Harvard  Engineering  School  for  the  year  1920-21,  which  is  the 
second  year  of  full-time  instruction. 

The  total  enrolment  in  the  School  for  the  academic  year  1920- 
21  by  programs  of  study  was  as  follows: 

Mechanical  Engineering 52 

Electrical  Engineering 54 

Electric  Communication  Engineering 14 

Civil  Engineering 38 

Sanitary  and  Municipal  Engineering 6 

Sanitary  Chemistry 3 

Mining 18 

Metallurgy 6 

Industrial  Chemistry 19 

Undecided  as  to  programme 25 

Total 235 

Students  taking  courses  leading  to  Bachelor's  degree 220 

Students  taking  courses  leading  to  higher  degrees 15 

Total 235 

This  was  an  increase  of  103  over  the  registration  in  1919-20. 

At  the  mid-year  period  and  at  Commencement  in  1921,  nine- 
teen candidates  were  awarded  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science; 
six  in  Mechanical  Engineering,  nine  in  Electrical  Engineering,  two 
in  Civil  Engineering,  one  in  Metallurgy,  and  one  in  Industrial 
Chemistry;  and  nine  candidates  were  awarded  the  degree  of 
Master  of  Science ;  one  in  Civil  Engineering,  two  in  Sanitary  and 
Municipal  Engineering,  and  six  in  Electric  Communication  En- 
gineering; and  one  candidate  was  awarded  the  degree  of  Mining 
Engineer. 

The  work  of  rebuilding  the  laboratories  has  been  completed, 
and  most  departments  of  the  School  now  possess  good  working 
laboratories.  The  Cruft  Laboratory,  which  is  maintained  jointly 
by  the  School  and  by  the  Division  of  Physics  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts 
and  Sciences,  has  acquired  an  enviable  reputation  in  the  general 

no 


THE   ENGINEERING   SCHOOL  111 

field  of  radio  engineering  and  in  the  investigation  of  vacuum  tube 
phenomena.  The  research  work  of  this  laboratory  is  seriously 
limited  by  lack  of  funds-  More  than  forty  students  spent  a  con- 
siderable portion  of  their  working  time  in  this  laboratory  during 
the  year,  about  half  of  them  being  registered  in  the  Engineering 
School,  and  the  others  under  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences. 
The  Director  of  the  Cruft  Laboratory,  Professor  G.  W.  Pierce, 
presents  a  separate  report. 

There  have  been  no  important  changes  in  the  teaching  staff. 
Professor  Adams  was  on  half-time  duty,  and  serving  also  as  Chair- 
man of  the  Engineering  Division  of  the  National  Research  Council 
in  New  York;  he  has  resigned  this  position,  and  returned  to  the 
School  on  a  full-time  basis.  Professor  Kennelly  was  on  half-time 
service.  Professor  A.  E.  Norton  was  absent  for  the  year,  working 
in  manufacturing  plants,  and  studying  their  methods  for  the  pur- 
pose of  reorganizing  the  courses  in  machine  design  in  the  School. 
Professor  Graton  was  absent  for  the  first  half-year.  With  these 
exceptions  the  members  of  the  teaching  staff  were  on  full-time 
service. 

Nine  four-year  undergraduate  programs  of  study  were  offered 
during  the  year,  namely :  mechanical,  electrical,  electric  communi- 
cation, civil,  and  sanitary  and  municipal  engineering;  mining; 
metallurgy;  sanitary  chemistry;  and  industrial  chemistry.  The 
program  in  " Electric  Communication  Engineering"  which  was 
offered  for  the  first  time,  includes  the  fundamental  courses  of  the 
department  of  Electrical  Engineering,  together  with  the  funda- 
mental courses  in  radio  engineering,  the  telegraph,  the  telephone 
and  the  hydrophone,  given  by  the  staff  of  the  Cruft  Laboratory. 
This  program  has  been  offered  to  meet  a  rapidly  growing  demand. 
Two  new  programs  have  replaced  the  program  of  "Sanitary 
Engineering";  one,  "Sanitary  and  Municipal  Engineering,"  em- 
phasizing the  engineering  side  of  this  field;  and  the  other,  "Sani- 
tary Chemistry,"  intended  to  prepare  students  to  deal  with  the 
chemical,  physical  and  biological  problems  of  public  sanitation. 

For  many  years  the  University  has  given  instruction  in  chem- 
istry which  has  enabled  many  graduates  to  attain  positions  of 
distinction  in  the  field  of  industrial  chemistry.  When  the  Engineer- 
ing School  was  organized  a  four-year  program  leading  to  the  pro- 
fessional degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science  in  Industrial  Chemistry 
was  established ;  and  opportunity  was  provided  for  graduate  work 
in  the  same  field.  But  these  offerings  do  not  wholly  meet  the  pres- 
ent large  demand  for  chemical  engineers.     It  is  highly  desirable, 


112  THE   ENGINEERING   SCHOOL 

as  soon  as  the  conditions  permit,  to  seek  funds  for  an  increase  in 
staff,  and  for  the  necessary  equipment  to  enable  the  School  to 
offer  a  program  of  "  Chemical  Engineering." 

The  National  Research  Corporation  granted  $5000  to  enable 
Professor  Davis  to  carry  on  certain  investigations  in  the  field  of 
Cryogenic  Engineering,  particularly  in  relation  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  oxygen  for  use  in  the  arts  and  sciences.  He  also  had  a  grant 
of  $3000  from  the  United  States  Army  to  carry  on  investigations 
in  the  same  general  field,  with  particular  reference  to  vapor  pres- 
sures and  coexisting  conditions  of  nitrogen-methane  mixtures  and 
nitrogen-helium  mixtures.  These  funds  paid  for  the  services  of 
three  research  assistants  and  a  mechanic,  and  for  the  necessary 
apparatus.  The  work  of  Professor  Davis  and  his  staff  is  beginning 
to  produce  important  results. 

The  Faculty  desires  in  every  way  to  stimulate  research;  in 
particular  it  is  working  to  establish  such  policies  as  will  lead  the 
engineering  industries  to  seek  the  help  of  the  School  and  its  staff 
in  solving  some  of  their  fundamental  problems.  There  are  many 
obvious  advantages  to  the  School  in  having  such  relations  with 
the  industries ;  and  the  School  on  its  side  has  much  to  offer  them. 

The  plan  of  industrial  cooperation  which  was  authorized  during 
the  previous  year  was  put  into  effect  in  1920-21.  By  this  arrange- 
ment third-year  students  in  certain  departments  may  have  six 
months  of  experience  in  engineering  and  industrial  organizations. 
Thirty-four  students  participated  in  this  work.  The  Faculty  is 
greatly  indebted  to  the  companies  who  employed  students.  In 
most  cases  the  companies  provided  systematically  arranged  series 
of  experiences  in  the  important  departments  of  their  plants,  and 
gave  the  students  such  opportunities  as  would  in  general  be  ac- 
corded only  to  young  men  who  were  being  trained  for  permanent 
positions.  Moreover  the  companies  have  employed  the  students 
during  a  period  of  industrial  depression  when  it  was  obvious  that 
their  retention  was  only  for  the  purpose  of  helping  them  and  the 
School.  The  following  companies  cooperated  with  the  School,  and 
employed  its  students  during  the  year  1920-21: 

Aberthaw  Construction  Company,  Boston,  Massachusetts. 
Amoskeag  Mills,  Manchester,  New  Hampshire. 
Boston  Bridge  Works,  Cambridge,  Massachusetts. 
Crompton  and  Knowles  Loom  Works,  Worcester,  Massachusetts. 
Crosby  Steam  Gauge  and  Valve  Company,  Charlestown,  Massachusetts. 
Dennison  Manufacturing  Company,  Framingham,  Massachusetts. 
Edison  Electric  Illuminating  Company,  Boston,  Massachusetts. 
Fore  River  Shipbuilding  Corporation,  Quincy,  Massachusetts. 


THE   ENGINEERING    SCHOOL  1  1  ,'* 

General  Electric  Company,  Lynn,  Massachusetts. 

Holtzer-Cabot  Electric  Company,  Roxbury,  Massachusetts. 

Hortonia  Power  Company,  Rutland,  Vermont. 

Johnston-Livingston  Company,  New  York  City. 

Maiden  Electric  Company,  Maiden,  Massachusetts. 

Manning,  Maxwell  and  Moore,  Fitchburg,  Massachusetts. 

Northway  Motors,  Inc.,  Natick,  Massachusetts. 

Pacific  Mills,  Lawrence,  Massachusetts. 

Quincy  Market  Cold  Storage  Warehouse  Company,   Boston,    Massa- 
chusetts. 

Radio  Corporation  of  America,  Port  Jefferson,  Long  Island. 

Saco-Lowell  Shops,  Lowell,  Massachusetts. 

Stevens-Duryea  Company,  Willimansett,  Massachusetts. 

C.  H.  Tenney  Company,  Boston,  Massachusetts. 

United  States  Army  Aerodrome,  Framingham,  Massachusetts. 

Westinghouse  Electric  Company,  Mansfield,  Ohio. 

Worthington  Pump  and  Machinery  Corporation,   Cambridge,   Massa- 
chusetts. 

The  plan  of  industrial  cooperation  has  on  the  whole  worked  suc- 
cessfully; and  its  value  has  been  demonstrated.  The  students 
have  had  exceptional  opportunities  for  experience ;  and  they  have 
proved  themselves  to  be  both  trustworthy  and  energetic.  This 
plan  has  done  distinctly  more  than  to  provide  experience  for  the 
students.  It  has  given  them  a  real  understanding  of  industry, 
and  of  the  value  of  discipline ;  and  this  has  reacted  most  favorably 
on  the  work  of  the  class-room.  The  difficulties  incidental  to  a  new 
undertaking  have  been  successfully  met.  It  is  the  opinion  of  the 
teaching  staff  that  the  success  of  the  plan  will  depend  chiefly  on 
the  ability  and  willingness  of  the  industries  to  participate.  All 
the  qualified  students  who  desired  to  take  this  work  have  been 
placed  this  year,  even  though  the  industrial  conditions  are  still 
very  unsatisfactory. 

The  Engineering  Camp,  which  had  been  discontinued  during 
the  war,  was  reopened  in  the  summer  of  1920.  An  eight  weeks' 
course  in  plane,  topographic  and  railroad  surveying  is  now  regu- 
larly offered  there,  and  is  open  both  to  Engineering  and  to  College 
students.  The  experience  of  teaching  surveying  in  Cambridge 
during  the  war  demonstrated  anew  the  advantages  of  giving  such 
instruction  at  a  camp. 

The  five-year  combined  programs  in  engineering  and  business 
administration,  which  were  authorized  in  June  1920,  have  aroused 
much  interest  among  educators  and  business  managers,  and  meet 
with  general  approval.  It  is  too  soon  to  predict  the  effect  that 
these  offerings  will  have  upon  the  resort  of  students  to  the  School, 


114 


THE   ENGINEERING   SCHOOL 


but  there  is  every  reason  to  expect  that  they  will  be  among  our 
most  attractive  and  valuable  programs.  They  are  planned  to  meet 
the  demand  in  many  industries  for  young  men  who  are  educated 
both  for  engineering  and  for  business.  It  was  recognized  that  four 
years  is  too  short  to  give  effective  training  in  both  fields;  and  that 
many  students  have  neither  the  time  nor  the  money  for  a  four- 
year  engineering  course  and  a  two-year  course  in  the  Business 
School.  The  Faculties  of  the  Engineering  School  and  of  the  Busi- 
ness School  have  planned  and  are  now  offering  five-year  programs 
which  include  (a)  on  the  engineering  side  all  the  general  and  scien- 
tific training  of  certain  four-year  programs  in  engineering,  and  (b) 
on  the  business  side,  using  the  engineering  training  as  a  founda- 
tion, a  well-rounded  course  of  study  in  industrial  management. 
It  is  believed  that  such  a  combined  course  of  study  will  fit  a  young 
man  to  advance  himself  either  as  an  engineer  or  as  an  adminis- 
trator, according  to  his  inclinations  and  his  opportunities.  Students 
taking  the  combined  programs  are  registered  in  the  Engineering 
School;  but  each  Faculty  gives  its  own  special  subjects,  and 
the  work  as  a  whole  is  under  the  control  of  a  joint  Committee 
representing  the  two  Faculties. 

The  School  is  maintaining  the  highest  standards  of  scholarship 
for  admission  and  for  its  degrees.  The  increase  in  numbers  is 
encouraging;  and  the  quality  of  the  students  is  highly  satisfactory. ! 

H.  J.  HUGHES,  Dean. 


GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS 
ADMINISTRATION 

To  the  President  of  the  University:  — 

Sir,  —  I  have  the  honor  to  present  the  Thirteenth  Annual  Re- 
port, being  my  second  report,  upon  the  Graduate  School  of  Busi- 
ness Administration.  This  report  covers  the  academic  year  1920- 
21. 

The  total  number  of  students  continued  to  grow,  the  enrolment 
being  457  as  compared  with  412  in  the  preceding  year.  This  growth 
was,  however,  wholly  in  the  second-year  class,  the  first-year  group 
being  slightly  smaller  than  in  the  preceding  year.  Two  factors 
tended  to  keep  the  first  class  stationary  in  size.  The  enrolment  of 
the  year  before  included  a  considerable  number  of  men  who,  if  it 
had  not  been  for  the  war,  would  have  come  to  the  School  in  earlier 
classes;  and  the  class  graduating  from  the  colleges  in  1920  was 
still  a  war  class  and,  therefore,  relatively  small.  The  increase  in 
tuition  fees  from  $200  to  $250  between  the  two  years  had  no  notice- 
able effect.  The  growth  in  the  second-year  class  was  satisfactory. 
Detailed  statistics  appear  in  Appendix  A. 

The  first  class  which  entered  the  colleges  of  the  country  after 
the  war  will  graduate  in  1923,  and  this  class  in  most  colleges  is 
much  larger  than  the  war  classes  now  graduating.  When  this 
larger  class  finishes  college  the  School  must  expect  a  considerably 
larger  group  of  applicants  for  admission.  Indeed  without  the  in- 
crease in  tuition  from  $250  to  $400  (discussed  later  in  this  report) 
which  took  effect  in  the  academic  year  1921-22,  many  more  ap- 
plications for  admission  would  have  been  received  for  that  year. 
The  number  of  inquiries  from  prospective  students  during  the 
year  1920-21  was  much  larger  than  ever  before.  While  the  new 
increase  in  tuition  may  limit  numbers  for  a  year  or  two  our  best 
judgment  is  that  the  effect  will  be  temporary  only,  and  we  are 
faced  by  the  necessity  of  providing  in  the  immediate  future  for 
largely  increased  numbers,  or  of  enforcing  some  drastic  limitation. 
Of  these  alternatives  the  limitation  of  numbers  is  the  only  feasible 
suggestion. 


115 


116       GRADUATE   SCHOOL  OF   BUSINESS   ADMINISTRATION 

Necessity  of  Limiting  Numbers 

Our  physical  equipment  is  hopelessly  inadequate.  The  School 
is  scattered  all  over  the  Cambridge  buildings  of  the  University 
without  proper  administrative  quarters,  professors'  studies,  class- 
rooms, laboratory  facilities,  library  and  reading  room  quarters,  or 
dormitories.  The  men  continue  to  live  mainly  in  widely  separated 
private  houses  not  only  in  Cambridge  but  in  Boston  and  the  sur- 
rounding towns.  The  living  problem  is  more  difficult  to  solve  for 
our  men  than  for  the  students  in  most  other  departments  because 
our  men  are  here  for  two  years  only,  and  therefore,  are  not  inclined 
to  go  to  the  expense  of  furnishing  their  own  rooms.  It  is  peculiarly 
difficult  to  knit  the  men  into  a  coordinated  social  unit  under  present 
conditions. 

The  library  problem  is  pressing,  the  reading  room  facilities  being 
used  a  large  part  of  the  time  to  the  limit  of  capacity.  Nevertheless, 
by  careful  planning  and  crowding  we  can  manage  our  reading 
room  in  some  way  until  we  have  an  entering  class  of  perhaps  450 
students.  This  will  be  possible  only  through  the  rapid  develop- 
ment of  the  case  system  and  the  continued  publication  of  case 
books.  These  books  reduce  the  amount  of  time  the  student  must 
spend  in  the  library  by  placing  in  his  hands  a  large  part  of  his  ma- 
terial in  such  form  that  he  may  use  it  at  his  room.  But  so  far  as 
we  are  able  to  foresee,  we  cannot,  without  a  building  or  a  group 
of  buildings  of  our  own,  expand  our  library  facilities  beyond  the 
point  where  we  can  accommodate  an  entering  class  of  450  men. 
Similar  considerations  apply  to  our  other  equipment.  With  the 
drop  in  building  costs  a  real  effort  should  be  made  to  solve  our 
need  for  space.  We  should  have  a  group  of  buildings  planned  to 
accommodate  1000  students. 

For  educational  reasons  also  the  school  must  for  some  time  take 
such  action  as  may  be  necessary  to  prevent  rapid  growth.  In  de- 
veloping the  case  system  there  are  large  problems  yet  to  be  solved 
in  the  technique  of  presenting  cases.  Much  that  we  have  done  is 
still  in  a  development  stage.  The  striking  progress  already  made 
has  been  possible  only  because  our  staff  is  a  compact  group  of 
teachers  and  investigators  closely  associated  in  working  out  a 
problem  in  which  they  all  are  interested.  This  brings  about  the 
constant  interchange  of  information  and  methods  which  is  essential 
to  rapid  progress.  Moreover,  the  amount  of  case  material  so  far 
developed  is  still  inadequate,  particularly  for  the  advanced  courses., 
and  while  this  continues  to  be  so  the  attention  of  the  instructoi 


GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF   BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION       117 

should  be  concentrated  on  small  groups  where  immediate  personal 
contact  with  the  student  may  supplement  this  deficiency.  As  the 
teaching  material  is  improved  through  the  collection  of  more  and 
better  problems,  the  instructor  may  handle  effectively  larger 
groups. 

During  the  year  covered  by  this  report  the  teaching  unit  was 
reduced  for  the  large  first-year  classes  by  subdivision  into  sec- 
tions to  a  unit  of  about  150  instead  of  approximately  300  as  it  had 
been  the  year  before.  Such  a  unit  may  be  taught  successfully  by 
the  case  system,  but  it  is  the  maximum  which  we  should  attempt, 
and  we  are  not  equipped  with  our  present  staff  for  over  three  of 
such  sections  in  the  large  first-year  courses. 

Through  the  operation  of  the  group  system  of  electives  in  the 
School  the  classes  in  the  second  year,  with  the  exception  of  that 
in  Business  Policy,  are  much  smaller  and  should  be  kept  so  while 
we  are  developing  our  problems.  During  the  period  when  the  case 
system  was  being  created  in  the  Law  School  its  very  novelty  served 
as  an  effective  limit  on  growth.  Unfortunately  this  appears  not 
to  be  the  situation  which  we  find  in  extending  the  system  to  the 
teaching  of  business. 

We  had  last  year  the  experience  of  a  large  and  sudden  growth 
in  the  size  of  the  School  with  a  consequent  lowering  of  standards 
resulting  from  inadequate  organization  of  the  Faculty.  To  avoid 
a  similar  situation  in  the  future  and  to  give  time  for  the  develop- 
ment of  the  case  system,  the  Faculty  has  adopted  the  policy  of 
fixing  in  each  year  a  limit  on  the  number  who  shall  be  admitted 
in  the  following  year,  this  limit  to  be  fixed  with  reference  to  the 
number  we  can  teach  effectively  with  the  staff  as  it  exists  or  as 
provision  may  be  made  for  expansion.  Also  before  we  expand  the 
staff  we  must  be  confident  that  larger  numbers  will  come  to  the 
School  immediately.  It  requires  not  less  than  a  year  to  organize 
the  staff  with  reference  to  a  substantial  increase  in  size  and  we 
cannot  afford  to  increase  the  number  on  the  Faculty  until  we  are 
assured  of  the  growth  to  support  the  increased  expenditures. 

It  is  impossible  at  the  present  time  to  lay  down  as  an  educational 
policy  any  definitive  statement  of  the  future  size  to  which  the 
School  may  be  allowed  to  grow,  nor  is  there  need  for  establishing 
an  ultimate  limit.  In  this  School  we  should  admit  no  more  men 
than  we  can  train  without  lessening  the  quality  of  the  work  done. 
Indeed  the  standard  should  constantly  rise.  If  we  ignore  physical 
limitations,  we  could  effectively  handle  a  school  of  1000  students, 
or  more  than  twice  the  present  size,  and  we  have  worked  out  in 


118      GRADUATE  SCHOOL   OF   BUSINESS   ADMINISTRATION 

outline  the  necessary  organization  for  such  a  school.  Beyond  that 
it  is  at  the  present  time  unnecessary  to  go  because,  unless  we  obtain 
a  group  of  buildings  for  the  School,  long  before  this  number  is 
reached  the  physical  needs  of  the  School  will  compel  us  to  stop 
admitting  students. 

We  may  summarize  the  policy  of  the  School  as  to  limitation  of 
numbers  briefly  as  follows : 

First,  until  we  have  adequate  buildings  and  physical  equipment 
the  entering  class  cannot  expand  beyond  450  men. 

Second,  for  educational  reasons  and  to  preserve  our  standards 
the  Faculty  will  fix  a  limit  each  year  which  shall  apply  to  the  fol- 
lowing year  in  order  that  the  development  of  the  case  system  may 
proceed  rapidly  and  that  the  staff  may  be  organized  with  reference 
to  a  reasonably  definite  teaching  problem. 

Third,  we  are  not  attempting  to  study  the  organization  of  the 
School  with  reference  to  over  1000  students. 

Fourth,  we  should  immediately  have  physical  equipment  for 
1000  students.   Lack  of  buildings  should  not  for  long  be  the  con 
trolling  factor  in  the  size  of  the  School. 

Basis  for  Limitation  of  Numbers 

Whatever  the  reasons  for  limiting  numbers  the  practical  prob- 
lems involved  are  serious.  Shall  we  admit  the  first  group  who  apply 
and  present  our  minimum  educational  and  personal  qualifications, 
or  shall  we  attempt  to  select  the  better  men?  If  we  wish  to  select, 
what  method  shall  we  pursue? 

A  substantial  number  of  men  who  enter  each  year  are  unable  to 
do  the  work  successfully  and  are  eliminated  during  or  at  the  end  of 
the  first  year.  The  character  of  the  work  and  its  intensity  are  such 
that  many  who  might  be  successful  in  another  environment  are 
unable  to  accomplish  the  minimum  requirements.  The  effect  on 
these  men  is  most  discouraging  and  it  would  be  better  for  them, 
generally  speaking,  if  they  had  not  come.  Yet  it  is  clearly  inad- 
visable to  lower  the  standard  in  the  School  for  their  benefit.  If  we 
can  in  some  way  eliminate  most  of  these  men  of  lesser  intellectual 
calibre  before  admission  and  thus  secure  a  more  homogeneous  group 
of  students  with  less  range  of  native  ability  between  the  best  men 
and  the  poorest  men,  this  will  simplify  our  educational  problem 
and  lessen  the  hardship  and  discouragement  which  our  present 
situation  imposes  on  men  who  cannot  do  the  work  of  the  School. 


be 


GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION         119 

Higher  Standards  and  the  Need  for  Selection 

The  requirements  of  the  School  have  been  raised  materially 
during  this  year  and  the  men  work  much  harder  than  they  did 
formerly.  This  raising  of  the  standard  has  in  part  taken  the  form 
of  an  increase  in  the  number  of  required  courses  from  4  to  5  in  the 
first  year,  and  from  4  courses  and  the  thesis  to  4J  courses  and  the 
thesis  in  the  second  year.  There  has  been  no  corresponding  les- 
sening of  the  work  in  the  individual  courses.  At  the  same  time  the 
minimum  grade  required  for  the  degree  has  been  changed.  The 
School  no  longer  recommends  for  the  degree  of  Master  in  Business 
Administration,  men  who  fail  in  a  single  course  but  who  attained 
an  average  above  the  pass  grade.  Every  course  taken  must  be 
passed.  Moreover,  the  general  average  attained  must  now  be 
well  above  the  pass  grade  for  particular  courses.    . 

This  higher  standard  makes  the  required  work  much  more  diffi- 
cult for  every  student.  Cases  where  men  of  good  intellectual  calibre 
find  themselves  seriously  overloaded  with  work  are  rare.  In  gen- 
eral the  cases  of  overloading  for  such  men  are  complicated  by 
sickness  or  by  the  necessity  for  money  making  activities  of  one 
sort  or  another.  A  few  men  under  the  old  conditions  voluntarily 
took  five  courses.  After  careful  consideration  the  Faculty  de- 
cided that  instead  of  reducing  the  required  number  of  courses  for 
everyone  to  the  old  standard  of  four  courses  to  relieve  cases  where 
the  new  requirement  created  individual  hardship,  it  would  main- 
tain the  new  standard  generally  and  leave  to  the  Dean  the  discre- 
tionary power  to  relieve  such  hard  cases  by  reducing  the  required 
load  to  the  old  point  for  these  men  only.  It  has  been  necessary  to 
exercise  this  discretionary  power  in  very  few  cases.  It  is  not 
intended  for  use  in  the  case  of  men  who  because  of  intellectual 
limitations  are  unable  to  do  the  work  of  the  School  as  fixed  by  the 
new  standard.  They  should  be  sorted  out  if  possible  before  ad- 
mission to  the  School. 

Experiment  with  Intelligence  Tests 

As  one  approach  to  a  solution  of  this  problem  of  selection,  we 
have  during  the  past  year,  with  a  considerable  degree  of  scepti- 
cism, conducted  experiments  with  general  intelligence  tests  of  the 
type  devised  by  the  Carnegie  Institute  and  the  Scott  Company. 
The  results  obtained  by  giving  these  tests  to  men  in  the  School 
surpassed  our  hopes  and  while  necessarily  subject  to  verification 
and  further  experimentation,  they  give  ground  for  hope  that  under 


120      GRADUATE   SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION 

our  specialized  conditions  a  substantial  use  may  be  made  of  this 
method  of  testing  men  as  one  supplement  to  existing  entrance 
requirements.  We  have  no  basis  for  broad  generalization  as  to  the 
value  of  such  tests. 

The  tests  were  given  and  the  results  tabulated  by  Assistant 
Professor  Starch  of  our  staff.  They  indicate  a  marked  correlation 
between  the  intelligence  rating  of  the  men,  as  determined  by 
these  tests,  and  the  scholastic  grades  given  in  different  courses. 
The  results  are  shown  on  the  graphic  charts  accompanying  this 
report. 

A  few  words  of  general  explanation  will  serve  to  make  these 
charts  more  readily  understood.  The  intelligence  tests  consumed 
in  all  fifty  minutes  of  time,  the  results  being  graded  on  a  basis 
which  takes  into  account  both  quickness  and  accuracy.  Alertness 
of  mind  and  the  ability  to  think  clearly  and  quickly  are  perhaps 
the  qualities  most  satisfactorily  tested.  The  tests  are  designed  to 
rate  the  men  so  far  as  possible  on  native  ability  rather  than  on  the 
results  of  education  or  training.  The  tests  were  given  to  a  large 
part  but  not  to  all  of  the  students  in  the  School.  The  groups  were 
chosen  at  random,  and  included  all  men  who  chanced  to  be  in  a 
given  class  on  the  day  in  question.  The  sample  is  believed  to  be 
adequate  and  representative  both  in  size  and  quality.  The  records 
of  certain  foreign  students  who  do  not  speak  English  readily  were 
omitted  from  the  computations. 

Chart  I,  page  121,  gives  the  result  of  the  tests  in  general,  showing 
the  distribution  of  the  scores  for  the  first  and  second-year  students. 
On  this  chart  also  appears  a  curve  of  the  result  obtained  from  a 
large  number  of  undergraduates  of  various  colleges. 

Seventy-four  per  cent  of  the  first-year  men  and  eighty-eight 
per  cent  of  the  second-year  men  who  took  the  tests  attained  grades 
which  would  have  placed  them  in  the  upper  half  of  an  under- 
graduate group  taking  similar  tests.  This  is  the  natural  result  of 
the  process  of  selection  which  takes  place  at  the  transition  from 
college  to  graduate  school.  Men  who  fail  to  get  their  degrees  in 
college  are  included  in  the  undergraduate  curve,  but  do  not  get 
into  the  professional  schools.  It  is  also  probable  that  on  the  whole 
the  men  of  poorer  calibre  who  finish  college  do  not  go  to  such 
schools.  How  far  the  greater  maturity  of  the  students  in  the  Busi- 
ness School  enables  them  to  pass  better  intelligence  tests,  we  have 
no  basis  to  determine.  The  men  in  the  Business  School  were  graded 
on  the  basis  of  this  test  in  five  groups,  A,  B,  C,  D,  E;  group  A 
being  the  highest  and  group  E  the  lowest. 


GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS   ADMINISTRATION       121 


|    «►   «  •         »  ©  & 


Second  Year 
Business  School 


«(©  o  » 


30 


40 


-W 


66^ 

!  I 

•  Oft 

•  •  t  • • 

•  •99% 

•  •  ©  a  o 


*    TO 


80 


^Q 


•  6         © 
••         • 

ft*  • 

•  ft     ©ft 
eft  ft  ft* 


•  •  •*  ••••••  •  •*>•  • 

•  ft •••••• ft ••• teo 

•••••••••••ftftftft 


First  Year 
Business  School 


Undergraduates 


88%  of  second-year  men  are  from  upper  half  of  undergraduates 
74%  "  first         "        "      "      "  "         a    "  " 


CHART  I.    General  Results  op  Intelligence  Test  with  the  Business  School 

Ghoup 

Two  tests  were  given:  The  Scott  test  and  the  Carnegie  (Thurstone)  test.  These  two 
tests  were  given  to  176  first-year  men  and  94  second-year  men.  The  tests  were  not 
compulsory.  About  two-thirds  of  the  first-year  students  and  three-fourths  of  the 
second-year  students  took  them. 

Chart  I  gives  the  distribution  of  the  scores  on  the  intelligence  test  made  by  the 
first  and  second-year  students  in  the  Business  School  in  relation  to  each  other  and  in 
relation  to  the  distribution  of  a  typical  curve  of  the  scores  for  undergraduates  in  the 
same  test. 

This  chart  is  based  on  the  Scott  test  and  the  graph  for  undergraduates  is  based  on 
data  supplied  by  the  Scott  Company.  A  similar  comparison  with  the  Carnegie  (Thur- 
stone) test,  based  on  over  forty  colleges,  shows  substantially  the  same  relations.  The 
median  scores  of  the  respective  groups  are  indicated  by  arrows  at  the  base  line. 

The  selection  which  exists  between  the  undergraduate  group  generally  and  men 
who  have  graduated  from  college  and  continued  work  in  a  professional  school  is  shown 
by  the  fact  that  74  per  cent  of  the  first-year  students  and  88  per  cent  of  the  second-year 
students  in  the  Business  School  group  attained  scores  which  would  have  placed  them 
in  the  upper  half  of  the  undergraduate  student  body. 


122      GRADUATE   SCHOOL   OF   BUSINESS   ADMINISTRATION 

Chart  II,  below,  shows  the  correlation  for  first-year  men  be- 
tween the  grades  on  these  intelligence  tests  and  the  final  scholar- 
ship records  in  the  School  for  the  year.  Chart  III,  page  123,  gives 
similar  information  as  to  the  second -year  men. 

The  striking  fact  shown  by  both  these  charts  is  that  100  per 
cent  of  the  men  who  were  rated  A  on  the  intelligence  test  stood  in 

FIRST-YEAR  MEN,  1920-21 

A 


AveragewlOfi 


asl 


E 


D 


B 

c     n 


stf. 


m% 


mK 


777.  L 


•n.% 


70?. 


1007,  Ab°ve  Average 


30f, 


J£L*  Average 


Median  Grade  of  A  men  =  79.0% 

a        «   B       «      =  775% 

"  "  C  "  =  75.1% 
"  "  D  "  =  73.0% 
«       «  E     "    =  68.0% 

CHART  II.   Correlation  between  Intelligence  Tests  and  Scholarship  Grades. 
First- Year  Men 

The  students  were  divided  into  five  groups  according  to  their  scores  in  the  intelligence 
tests.  These  five  groups  are  designated  by  the  letters  A,  B,  C,  D,  and  E.  A  is  the 
highest  group,  B  the  second,  etc.  Then  the  average  of  the  final  scholarship  grades 
which  each  student  had  obtained  in  his  courses  was  computed. 

On  Chart  II  appear  the  median  grades  in  scholarship  of  the  A  men,  B  men,  etc., 
on  the  intelligence  test.  The  chart  itself  shows  the  proportion  of  men  in  each  of  the 
five  groups  whose  average  scholarship  was  above  or  below  the  general  average  of  the 
School.  The  average  grade  of  the  School  is  75,  the  passing  grade  is  65,  and  85  or  above 
is  designated  as  "  Distinction."  All  of  the  A  men  were  above  the  average  scholarship 
of  the  School,  70  per  cent  of  the  B  men  were  above  and  30  per  cent  below  the  average, 
and  so  on  until  the  E  group  is  reached  with  no  men  standing  above  the  average  in 
scholarship. 

their  regular  school  work  above  the  average  grade,  and  100  per  cent  j 
of  the  men  receiving  E  on  the  intelligence  test  stood  in  scholarship 
below  the  average  of  the  School.   Moreover,  no  men  in  the  second 
year  group  who  took  the  test  received  an  E  rating.    Obviously  men  r 
of  this  range  of  ability  are  largely  eliminated  by  the  ordinary  proc 
esses  of  the  School  or  by  their  own  action  before  the  beginning  of 


GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF   BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION       123 

the  second  year.  This  conclusion  is  confirmed  by  the  record  at- 
tained by  the  E  group  in  the  first  year  class.  There  were  seven 
such  men.  Two  were  asked  to  leave  during  the  year  on  account 
of  poor  scholarship,  one  failed  or  stayed  away  from  every  examina- 
tion, two  failed  in  three  courses  each,  one  failed  in  one  course  and 
one  passed  all  his  courses  with  the  average  grade  of  71.5  per 


SECOND- YEAR  MEN,  1920-21 

A 
B       n 


AveragesiOJL 


D 


xi 


s*1% 


rtf. 


VM%  Above 
Average 


jSjL*  Average 


CHART  III. 


_I4* 

E       I  5o% 

No  E  men        9%%  L 

left 

in 

second 
year 

Median  Grade  of  A  men  =  80.5% 

a         a   B       a      =  77% 
a         «    Q       «      =  74<5% 

"       "  D     u    =  72.5% 
No  E  men  in  second-year  class 

corbelation  between  intelligence  tests  and  scholarship 
Grade.   Second-Year  Men 


Chart  III  shows  the  same  facts  for  the  second-year  students.  The  chief  additional 
point  is  that  the  difference  between  the  groups  is  somewhat  more  marked.  Thus  a 
somewhat  larger  proportion  of  B  men  is  above  the  average  and  a  somewhat  larger 
proportion  of  D  men  is  below  the  average  than  was  the  case  with  the  first-year  men 
in  Chart  II.  It  will  also  be  noted  that  there  were  no  E  men  in  the  second-year  group 
who  took  the  test. 


mt.  In  other  words,  five  out  of  seven  failed  completely,  one  made 
1  very  unsatisfactory  record  and  one  only  passed  all  his  work. 

Chart  IV,  page  124,  shows  the  percentage  of  men  of  each  grade 
in  the  intelligence  test  who  failed  in  one  or  more  courses  during 
he  year.  No  A  men  failed  in  a  single  course,  while  over  85  per 
:ent  of  the  E  men  failed  in  one  or  more  courses.  On  the  average 
■he  A  men  failed  no  courses,  the  B  men  about  one-sixth  of  a  course, 
he  C  men  one-third,  the  D  men  two-thirds,  and  the  E  men  over 
hree  courses. 


124      GRADUATE   SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION 

Chart  V,  page  125,  gives  the  percentage  of  men  who  received 
Distinction  in  one  or  more  courses.  No  man  with  E  rating  in  the 
intelligence  test  received  Distinction  in  a  single  course,  although 
each  had  either  four  or  five  chances.  Of  the  ten  second-year  men 
who  received  the  degree  with  distinction  last  year,  nine  had  taken 

FIRST-YEAR   MEN,   1920-21 

E       D       C       B       A 


I I I 


CHART  IV. 


0.0%  of  A  men  failed  in  one  or  more  courses 

12  5%  "  B      "        "       "     "     " 
28.5%  "  C      "        "       "     "     "        " 
19.0%  "  D     "       "       "     "     * 
85.7%  "  E     "       "       "     "     " 

Relation  between  Results  of  Intelligence  Tests  and  Failure 
in  Scholarship.     First- Year  Men 


This  chart  shows  the  proportion  of  men  in  each  of  the  five  groups  on  the  intelligence 
tests  who  failed  in  one  or  more  courses.  Thus  85.7  per  cent  of  the  E  men  failed  in  one  or 
more  courses,  while  none  of  the  A  men  failed.  Men  who  were  asked  to  leave  the  School 
during  the  year  on  account  of  poor  scholarship  are  included  as  having  failed. 

Note  a  failure  in  the  correlation  here,  in  that  relatively  more  men  who  received  a 
rating  of  C  in  the  intelligence  test  failed  in  a  single  course  than  did  men  who  received 
a  rating  of  D. 

A  similar  chart  for  second-year  men  shows  relatively  more  E  men  failing  than  D 
men,  and  more  D  men  failing  than  C  men. 

the  intelligence  tests.   Of  these  nine,  five  were  in  the  A  group  anc 
four  in  the  B  group  on  these  tests. 

Charts  VI  and  VII,  pages  126  and  127,  require  no  especial  com- 
ment. 

The  records  made  by  the  men  on  the  intelligence  test  throw  ai 
interesting  light  on  the  relation  between  speed  and  accuracy  in  the 
work  done  by  them.  Table  A  on  page  125  shows  the  extent  tc 
which  these  two  qualities  appear  to  go  together. 

The  A  men  who  made  the  highest  scores  and  were  therefore  th( 
most  rapid  workers  had  the  lowest  proportion  of  errors,  while  th( 
E  men  made  approximately  four  times  as  many  errors  in  propor 
tion  to  the  work  done.  Stating  the  result  in  another  way,  the  A 
group  answered  two  and  one-half  times  as  many  questions  in  th( 
time  allotted  as  did  the  E  men  with  less  than  two-thirds  as  man} 
errors.    The  same  general  relationship  exists  among  the  othe 


GRADUATE   SCHOOL   OF  BUSINESS   ADMINISTRATION      125 

Table  A.  —  Relationship  between  errors  and  rapidity  in  the 
test: 

A 

Average  score  exclusive  of  errors    145.0 

Average  number  of  errors 9.9 

Percentage  of  errors 6.8 

The  A  men  answered  2\  times  as  many  questions  as  the  E  group 
with  less  than  I  the  actual  number  of  errors. 


FIRST-YEAR  MEN,  1920-21 

E       D       C       B       A 


B 

c 

D 

E 

124.7 

102.1 

81.9 

58.3 

11.1 

13.2 

14.2 

15.2 

8.8 

12.9 

17.3 

26.1 

56.2%  of  A  men  received  Distinction  in  one  or  more  courses 
50.0%  "  B     " 
26.8%  "  C     " 

6.2%  "  D     " 

0.0%  "  E      " 


u  u 

u  a  u 

u  a  a 

a  a  u 


SECOND-YEAR  MEN,  1920-21 

E       D       C       B       A 


No  E  men 

in 

second 

year 


72.2%  of  A  men  received  Distinction  in  one  or  more  courses 
59.1%  "  B      "  "  "  "     "     "        "  " 

32.2%  "  C     "  "  "  "     "     "       "  " 

Q  Q07      «     T)  «  «  «  «  Li  U  U  « 

No  E  men  in  second  year. 

CHART  V.    Relation  between  Results  of  Intelligence  Tests  and  Distinction 

Gbades 

This  chart  shows  the  proportion  of  men  in  each  of  the  five  groups  on  the  intelligence 
test  who  received  the  grade  of  "Distinction"  in  one  or  more  courses.  On  the  one 
hand  56.2  per  cent  of  the  A  men  in  the  first  year  and  72.2  per  cent  of  the  A  men  in 
the  second  year  received  "  Distinction"  in  one  or  more  courses.  On  the  other  hand,  none 
of  the  E  men  received  "Distinction"  in  any  course. 

Ten  men  received  degrees  with  "Distinction"  in  June,  1921.    Nine  of  these  had 
taken  the  test.    Five  of  the  nine  were  A  men  and  four  were  B  men. 


126      GRADUATE   SCHOOL  OF   BUSINESS   ADMINISTRATION 

groups,  namely  the  B,  C,  and  D  men.    The  faster  workers  make 
the  smaller  number  of  mistakes. 

Suggested  Use  of  Intelligence  Tests  in  Selecting 
among  Candidates  foe  Admission 

The  indications  are  that  these  intelligence  tests  place  us  in  pos- 
session of  a  method  applicable  to  this  particular  School  by  whicl 

FIRST-YEAR   STUDENTS,  1920-21 
25.0%  of  A  men  had  an  average  of  80  or  higher 

Off  i-jCTf      «     "D         «  «         «  "  "       «      "  " 

17  ^°/    "  C1      a       "      "  u        "     "    "        " 

o  r\(y     «    T")       "  «        «  «  "       «      «  u 

6.0%  "  E     "       "      "  "        "    "    "        " 


B 


sol 


°  n  n  n 


10.1 


i  i 
I  1 

I  I 
1  1 
II 

l  1 

1  1 

£ 

II 

II 

r 

II 

1  1 
i  i 

1 1 


!    I 

I    I 

II  U 


w 


[Tu 


«■ 


70?! 


0.0%  of  A  men  had  an  average  below  70 
8.5%  «  B     "       "      "         "  " 

13.8%  "  C     "       "     a         "  "       " 

17  1®/     "    D       "         u        a  u  a  u 

85^7%  "  E     "       "     "         "  u 

CHART  VI.    The  Results  op  Intelligence  Tests  as  Related  to  (a)  Good 
and  (6)  Poor  Recobds     First- Year  Men 

Chart  VI  shows  the  proportion  of  men  in  each  of  the  five  groups  whose  average 
scholarship  was  above  80,  or  below  70.  Thus  25  per  cent  of  the  A  men  had  an 
average  above  80,  while  85.7  per  cent  of  the  E  men  fell  below  70.  The  chief 
difference  between  the  A  and  B  groups  is  in  the  fact  that  none  of  the  A  men  fell 
below  75,  the  average  of  the  School,  while  a  small  percentage  of  B  men,  8.5  per 
cent,  fell  below  70. 


we  may  sort  out  in  advance  the  men  who  are  not  competent  to 
benefit  by  the  course  of  study  to  which  they  are  here  subjected. 
It  is  hardly  worth  while  for  an  individual  to  come  to  the  School 
who  cannot  pass  at  least  a  D  intelligence  test  on  the  standard  of 
marking  used  in  these  computations.    His  chances  of  failure  are 


n 


GRADUATE  SCHOOL   OF   BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION      127 

too  great.  He  would  not  necessarily  prove  incompetent  as  a  busi- 
ness man.  On  the  contrary,  unquestionably  a  certain  percentage 
of  such  men  would  with  other  methods  of  preparation  succeed  in 
business.  Their  minds  may  be  slow,  but  otherwise  of  good  quality. 
Such  men,  however,  should  not  be  admitted  unless  the  School  is 
prepared  to  change  its  standards  and  its  load  factor  to  such  an 
extent  as  to  make  it  possible  for  them  to  pass  through  the  course 

SECOND-YEAR  STUDENTS,  1920-21 

61.1%  of  A  men  had  an  average  of  80  or  higher 
40  9  97   "  B      "      "      "  "       "    "  "        " 

1 1  R°7    "  C      u       u      u  u        u     u   u         u 

0  09?    a  D      "       u      u  "      '  u     a   "         " 

No  E  men  left  in  second  year 


B 


ttl 


C 

n 


lol 


D 

n 

1 1 

No  E  men  I  I 
left   in     I  I 


ft)1o 


LJ 


second 
year 


U 


I   I 


M 


0.0%  of  A  men  had  an  average  below  70 

0.0%  "  B     "       "      "         "  "       " 

2.9%  "  C     a      "      "         "  "       " 

25.0%  "  D     «      "      u         "  "       " 

CHART  VII.     The  Results  op  Intelmqence  Tests  as  Related  to  (o) 
Good  and  (6)  Poor  Records.    Second- Year  Men 

Chart  VII  shows  corresponding  facts  for  the  second-year  men.  The  chief  dif- 
ference is  that  a  larger  proportion  of  A  and  B  men  had  an  average  scholarship 
above  80  than  was  the  case  for  the  first-year  men. 

luccessfully.  The  intelligence  tests  appear  to  rate  men  on  quali- 
ies  necessary  to  success  in  this  School. 

Our  present  intention,  therefore,  is  to  attempt  on  an  experi- 
nental  and  tentative  basis  sorting  applicants  for  admission  by  the 
ise  in  part  of  intelligence  tests  similar  to  those  above  referred  to. 
)f  course  in  every  case  we  shall  also  investigate  the  personal 
luality  of  the  applicant,  and  use  all  other  available  information. 

If  the  applicant  presents  a  transcript  of  his  college  record  which 
ndicates  that  he  had  thoroughly  satisfactory  grades  and  stood 


128         GRADUATE    SCHOOL   OF   BUSINESS   ADMINISTRATION 

well  up  in  his  class  in  relation  to  other  students,  no  intelligence 
test  is  necessary  in  his  case.  He  could  not  have  had  such  a  record 
without  possessing  the  ability  to  pass  satisfactorily  any  such  test 
which  we  might  give  him.  If,  on  the  other  hand,  his  college  record 
is  not  clearly  satisfactory,  we  hope  to  determine  through  such  a 
test  whether  this  less  satisfactory  record  resulted  from  the  dif- 
fusion of  his  college  interests  among  activities  outside  the  class- 
room or  was  due  to  his  lesser  mental  capacity.  If  the  former,  we 
shall  admit  him  to  the  School.  If  his  unsatisfactory  college  record 
resulted  from  apparent  lack  of  capacity,  this  record  would  pre- 
sumably be  repeated  in  the  School.  In  principle  any  limitation  of 
numbers  not  based  on  the  quality  of  the  students  eliminated  ap- 
pears to  us  most  objectionable.  Through  these  tests  and  the  care- 
ful investigation  of  personal  quality  we  may  make  progress  toward 
establishing  proper  standards  for  selection.  All  of  the  above  state- 
ments must  be  considered  subject  to  modification  with  further 
experience. 

The  Present  Condition  of  the  School  as  Shown  by 
the  Intelligence  Tests 

In  addition  to  the  value  which  these  intelligence  tests  may  have 
as  a  method  of  selecting  among  applicants  for  admission  to  the 
School,  they  appear  to  me  to  have  a  considerable  bearing  on  the 
present  condition  of  the  School  itself.  The  marked  correlation 
which  exists  between  the  ratings  on  these  tests  and  the  scholarship 
grades  given  in  the  School  would  be  impossible  were  it  not  for  three' 
things. 

First.  The  intelligence  tests  rate  the  men  on  qualities  necessary 
for  success  in  this  School. 

Second.  The  men  in  the  School  are  working  very  close  to  the 
limit  of  their  intellectual  capacity.  If  there  were  any  considerable 
number  of  men  of  good  calibre  in  the  School  who  were  idle,  this 
would  result  in  a  failure  of  such  men  to  attain  the  scholarship 
grades  which  they  are  qualified  intellectually  to  secure.  Un- 1 
doubtedly  there  are  instances  of  this  sort,  but  not  enough  to  affect 
seriously  the  averages. 

Third.  The  marking  system  in  the  School  in  the  large  first-year  I 
classes  particularly  is  on  a  reasonably  satisfactory  basis.     Other-  li 
wise  this  correlation  would  be  impossible.   A  careful  study  of  the 
marking  system  was  made  by  the  Faculty  last  year. 


GRADUATE    SCHOOL   OF   BUSINESS   ADMINISTRATION      129 


Financial  Problems 


During  the  year  the  Governing  Boards  raised  the  annual  tuition 
fee  in  the  Business  School  from  $250  to  $400  per  annum  to  take 
effect  in  the  academic  year  1921-22.  This  increase,  while  sub- 
stantially larger  than  in  any  other  department  of  the  University, 
was  in  accordance  with  the  recommendation  of  the  Faculty.  It 
follows  an  increase  in  this  School  from  $200  to  $250  per  annum 
which  took  effect  in  the  year  covered  by  this  report.  The  tuition 
has,  therefore,  doubled  in  two  years.  This  drastic  action  was  neces- 
sary for  the  following  reasons: 

The  financial  statement  for  the  year  shows  an  operating  deficit 
of  over  $70,000.   In  the  year  before  a  deficit  of  over  $20,000  was 
reduced  by  gifts  and  transfers  not  available  this  year  to  $8,708.36. 
The  School  had  run  behind,  therefore,  at  the  end  of  this  school 
hH   year,  over  $80,000. 

The  serious  increase  in  the  deficit  was  caused  by  the  growth  of 

the  School  and  by  the  fact  that  under  a  depreciated  currency  the 

tuition  fee  became  inadequate.   Practically  nothing  is  available  for 

the  School  out  of  the  new  Endowment  Fund  raised  by  the  Alumni, 

and  the  endowment  of  the  School  itself  has  always  been  limited 

v.   in  amount.    We  were  running  behind  $150  per  annum  for  each 

I  ,  student.   It  was  clear  that  an  increase  in  number  would  not  result 

Ik  in  decreased  cost  per  student,  unless  we  reduced  the  quality  of  the 

ffi  instruction.    Our  problem,  therefore,  came  to  this:    if  the  Uni- 

ijjj.  versity  did  not  raise  the  tuition  fee  we  needed  over  $1,000,000 

)rf  increased  endowment  to  provide  for  the  present  annual  deficit, 

Ifand  in  the  future  we  should  need  an  additional  endowment  of 

.,  at  least  $250,000  to  cover  the  $15,000  additional  annual  deficit 

caused  by  each  increase  of  one  hundred  students.    The  difficulty 

i|   of  financing  through  endowment  appeared  insuperable. 

Friends  of  the  School  were  consulted  to  determine  on  what  basis 

f    the  School  may  most  surely  rely  on  their  cooperation.   These  men 

|fi,  agree  in  thinking  that  business  education  should  not  be  conducted 

t\  ion  the  basis  of  annual  deficits  incurred  by  giving  training  below 

a,  ;cost,  but  that  the  actual  cost  properly  chargeable  to  the  student 

in  the  School  should  (after  deducting  the  income  from  the  very 

moderate  endowment  fund  of  the  School)  be  met  by  the  tuition  fee. 

This  is  also  the  view  of  the  Faculty. 

There  are,  however,  certain  expenditures  essential  to  the  future 
development  of  the  School  but  not  incurred  for  the  benefit  of  the 
'present  student  and  therefore  not  properly  a  part  of  the  cost  of  his 


130     GRADUATE   SCHOOL   OF   BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION 

training.  Such  expenditures  are  generally  temporary  in  their 
nature.  For  example  we  should  keep  the  Faculty  organized  ahead 
of  the  actual  needs  of  any  one  year  to  prepare  for  increasing  num- 
bers in  the  following  year;  thus  preventing  periods  of  readjust-  i 
ment  which  affect  the  quality  of  the  instruction.  While  such 
appointments  may  cause  temporary  deficits,  the  tuition  fee  as 
the  School  grows  will  finance  the  expenditures  required.  In  addi- 
tion to  this  type  of  development  charge,  the  initial  collection  of 
problems  for  the  extension  of  the  case  system  required  a  consider- 
able research  expenditure  by  the  School.  When  the  case  system 
is  once  installed  the  expense  of  keeping  it  up  to  date  should  be 
considered  a  part  of  the  cost  of  instruction,  but  this  initial  cost  is 
in  the  nature  of  a  capital  expense.  It  is  improper  in  a  period  of 
rapid  development  like  the  present  one  to  include  such  develop- 
ment and  capital  expenditures  in  the  tuition  fees.  It  is  also  im- 
proper to  make  good  the  deficit  of  the  School  (at  the  end  of  this 
year  approximately  $80,000)  by  charging  this  deficit  against 
future  students. 

After  eliminating  all  such  items  on  a  fair  accounting  basis,  the 
expense  properly  chargeable  to  the  individual  now  in  the  School 
was  found  to  be  approximately  $400  a  year.  The  only  possibility 
of  a  sane  financial  plan  lay  therefore  in  increasing  the  tuition  fee 
to  $400  per  annum  and  this  was  recommended. 

With  such  an  increase,  adequate  provision  must  be  made  for 
loan  funds  so  that  students  who  are  not  able  to  pay  the  increased 
tuition  may  secure  assistance,  not  as  charity  but  on  a  business 
basis.  The  need  for  such  loan  funds  is  pressing,  and  we  should 
have  not  less  than  $25,000  for  this  purpose  in  the  immediate  future. 
The  School  does  not  desire  any  non-competitive  scholarships. 
We  are  of  opinion  that  no  student  should  come  here  who  is  unwill- 
ing at  some  time  to  pay  the  cost  of  his  training. 

The  Faculty  believes  that  with  adequate  loan  funds  the  increase 
in  tuition  fees  will  not  decrease  in  the  long  run  the  number  of  men 
in  the  School  or  in  any  material  way  change  the  type  of  students 
Indeed  we  anticipate  that  the  action  taken  will  enhance  the  prestige 
of  the  School  among  business  men  and  therefore  with  future 
students. 

Progress  in  the  Case  System 

Satisfactory  progress  was  made  during  the  academic  year  under 
review  and  during  the  summer  just  past  in  the  creation  of  adequate 
teaching  material  for  the  case  system.   I  referred  last  year  to  the 


GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION      131 


'ir| first  case  book  produced  by  the  staff,  Copeland's  "  Marketing 
I  Problems,"  published  in  time  to  be  used  during  the  year.  Several 
'  other  case  books  have  since  been  prepared  by  the  staff.  Schaub 
and  Isaacs'  "The  Law  in  Business  Problems,"  Lincoln's  "Prob- 
lems in  Business  Finance,"  Dewing's  pamphlet  of  "Problems"  to 
accompany  his  "Financial  Policy  of  Corporations"  and  Tosdal's 
"Problems  in  Sales  Management"  have  already  been  published; 
David's  "Retail  Store  Management  Problems"  is  expected  from 
the  press  within  a  few  weeks  and  will  be  used  by  classes  this  year. 
In  addition  to  these  completed  case  books  a  substantial  part  of  the 
material  has  been  collected  for  case  books  in  Factory  Management, 
Labor  Relations  and  Banking,  while  beginnings  have  been  made 
in  other  directions.  The  first-year  courses  are  now  better  equipped 
with  problems  than  the  advanced  courses. 

Particular  mention  should  be  made  of  the  fact  that  practically 
ill  the  material  for  these  case  books  is  both  original  in  conception 
and  novel  in  the  technique  of  its  presentation.  Much  of  it  was 
fried  out  in  class-room  in  the  form  of  mimeographed  sheets.  The 
extent  of  this  experimental  work  is  perhaps  best  illustrated  by  the 
lumber  of  mimeographed  sheets  of  problems  prepared  by  the 
School  during  the  year.  Ninety-four  thousand  nine  hundred  and 
ifty-four  (94,954)  sheets  were  prepared  for  distribution  between 
STovember  1,  1920  and  July  1,  1921.  Inevitably  in  a  rapid  devel- 
>pment  of  this  nature  many  interesting  questions  of  technique, 
nethod  and  substance  arise.  These  naturally  group  themselves 
wound  the  gathering  of  this  new  type  of  material,  its  presentation 
n  form  for  class-room  use,  and  the  actual  use  of  the  material  for 
eaching. 

In  gathering  material,  two  methods  have  been  used.  In  particu- 
ar  cases  members  of  the  staff  have  gathered  their  own  material. 
?or  example,  in  view  of  the  great  importance  of  securing  adequate 
aaterial  for  a  new  course  in  Industrial  Finance  which  was  required 
f  practically  the  entire  first-year  class,  Assistant  Professor 
incoln's  teaching  load  was  lightened  last  year  and  the  time  thus 
lade  available  was  used  by  him  in  gathering  a  mass  of  such  ma- 
erial.  Professor  Lincoln  in  this  way  made  such  progress  that  he 
ras  enabled  to  finish  this  summer  his  case  book  "Problems  in 
business  Finance."   This  was,  however,  an  unusual  situation. 

The  year  confirms  my  judgment  that  the  greatest  progress  in 
btaining  case  material  will  be  made  by  a  judicious  combination  of 
ie  efforts  of  the  instructor  and  the  research  facilities  and  organiza- 
on  of  the  Bureau  of  Business  Research.   The  collection  of  actual 


I 


132     GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION 

executive  problems  with  the  attendant  facts  needed  for  teaching 
purposes  is  primarily  a  research  task,  and  should  be  organized  as 
such.  When  this  is  possible,  great  saving  of  time  is  realized.  Or- 
ganized research,  however,  can  be  conducted  only  where  funds 
are  available  to  support  it,  and  such  research  is  inevitably  inefficient 
and  expensive  until  a  background  of  experience  in  methods  has 
been  developed  and  an  organization  trained.  The  year  was 
satisfactory  in  these  respects.  Through  the  gift  of  Mr.  Alvan  T. 
Simonds,  '99,  approximately  $5,000  became  available  early  in  the 
year  for  use  in  gathering  labor  problems.  With  this  fund  methods 
of  gathering  and  presenting  such  cases  were  worked  out  through 
the  Bureau  of  Business  Research.  Before  the  fund  was  exhausted 
other  moneys  were  made  available  by  friends  of  the  School,  and 
altogether  about  $25,000  has  been  spent  up  to  October  1,  1921  h) 
gathering  problems.  The  Bureau  is  now  in  a  position  to  do  effective 
work  in  collecting  cases  both  economically  and  skillfully. 

Various  methods  were  tried  by  the  Bureau  experimentally  be- 1 
fore  the  technique  developed  to  a  point  where  the  cost  was  withir 
reasonable  bounds.  The  largest  results  are  obtained  from  th< 
least  expenditure  when  the  field  agent  of  the  Bureau  goes  to  thr 
business  man  with  a  fully  correlated  outline  of  subjects  which  h< 
wishes  illustrated  by  problems,  and  where  possible  with  specific 
suggestions  from  the  instructor  as  to  the  type  of  problem  whicl 
the  particular  business  man  is  likely  to  be  in  a  position  to  furnish 
He  should  also  be  in  a  position  to  furnish  the  business  man  witl 
illustrative  cases  to  show  the  type  of  material  we  need. 

In  this  research  the  Bureau  of  Business  Research  does  its  worl 
for  the  instructor,  according  to  his  general  directions  and  under 
classification  of  the  subject  adopted  by  him,  but  the  skill  and  tecb 
nique  developed  by  the  Bureau  while  working  in  other  fields  is  c 
course  available.  Thus  the  Bureau  becomes  the  center  for  an  ir 
terchange  of  valuable  methods  without  sacrificing  the  individualit 
of  the  particular  instructor. 

In  presenting  cases  for  class-room  use  a  variety  of  methods  an 
approaches  is  being  worked  out.  No  effort  at  uniformity  is  bein 
made  and  in  fact  the  contrary  is  true.  A  study  of  the  several  cas 
books  already  published  or  in  press  will  illustrate  the  wide  diffe.i 
ences  in  approach  adopted  by  different  teachers  on  the  staff,  an 
within  the  subject  matter  of  each  case  book  various  types  of  m* 
terial  and  methods  of  presentation  are  worked  out.  Only  pre 
longed  experience  in  actual  teaching  will  tend  to  standardize  typ< 
and  such  experience  may  even  bring  out  the  necessity  for  moi 


GRADUATE   SCHOOL  OF   BUSINESS   ADMINISTRATION      183 

[H  rather  than  fewer  kinds  of  problems.  A  few  points,  however, 
as  stand  out  from  our  experience  to  date.  In  the  first  place  much  of 
to  interest  is  gained  by  including  enough  facts  in  a  problem  so  that 
Qds  the  case  has  the  atmosphere  and  detail  of  reality.  Moreover,  in 
£ut  most  fields  of  business  on  account  of  the  infinite  complexity  of 
h  technique,  the  student  cannot  in  general  afford  time  to  study  facts 
was  considered  solely  as  facts.  There  are  far  too  many  of  them.  One 
^  advantage  of  the  case  system  is  that  problems  properly  presented 
tht  furnish  an  opportunity  for  the  student  to  acquire  a  broad  acquaint- 
ed! ance  with  both  technical  and  general  information  about  diverse 
)ugl  fields  of  industry,  not  by  their  study  as  disassociated  facts  but  as 
istd  an  incident  in  the  intellectual  process  of  working  out  decisions. 
ant  This  is  an  easy  and  natural  way  to  acquire  information  which  is 
21  ii  wholly  consistent  with  the  more  important  task  of  training  the 
:ctiv(  mind  to  analyze  and  reach  decisions. 

Few  cases  are  found  ready-made.  Although  every  question  that 
y  to  involves  decision  by  an  executive  is  a  problem,  nevertheless  the 
nti  ousiness  man  has  not  crystallized  these  questions  into  the  form  of 
u  tii  cases.  It  has  been  the  task  of  the  instructor  or  the  field  agent  of 
to  I  ,he  Bureau  to  obtain  facts  which  form  the  basis  for  and  illustrate 
lclil  ;ach  point  that  it  is  desired  to  bring  out  in  a  problem.  Then  these 
pecii  lacts,  with  the  identity  of  the  firm  disguised,  are  worked  into 
whid  )roblem  form.  The  problems  have  been  of  three  general  types: 
umiA'il)  the  determination  of  major  policies,  such  as  those  that  involve 
ji  will 'he  business  as  a  whole  or  its  relations  to  other  business,  to  the 
eneral  public,  or  to  the  economic  and  social  background  of  busi- 
iswoiiless;  (2)  the  determination  of  internal  policies,  such  as  the  policy 
unite* jp  be  followed  in  a  single  department;  (3)  the  interpretation  and 
I  pplication  of  policies  to  individual  cases. 

In  numerous  problems  it  is  advisable  to  include  both  relevant 

,r  an  kind  irrelevant  material  in  order  that  the  student  may  obtain 

itiali:  ractice  in  selecting  the  facts  that  apply  to  the  specific  case  in 

and.     The  problems  ordinarily  do  not  require  the  student  to 

I  u  i)llect  new  facts  not  included  in  the  statement  of  the  case ;  the 

t.  \fi  material  or  known  facts  in  the  main  are  stated  and  the  problem 

,,-alci  ivolves  the  analysis  and  use  of  these  facts. 

dil   The  greater  emphasis  on  the  presentation  of  facts  in  problems 

■  I ,»:  >ed  for  teaching  business  as  compared  with  our  initial  practice 

r,[i  id  with  cases  used  in  teaching  law,  represents  perhaps  the  most 

:  i   lportant  development  of  the  year  in  methods.    The  compiler  of 

h   law  case  book  is  interested  mainly  in  teaching  the  law  and  has 

,    nstantly  in  mind  the  legal  method  of  thought  with  its  large 


134     GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION 

measure  of  dependence  on  precedent  and  authority  for  the  handling 
of  new  legal  problems.   For  this  purpose,  the  facts  are  often  sum- 
marized in  a  brief  statement  or  disposed  of  by  the  finding  of  a  coun 
or  jury.    In  teaching  business  practices  and  precedents  have  no 
weight  of  authority  behind  them  but  every  fact  of  business  which 
can  be  brought  in  is  an  asset  to  the  student,  giving  him  a  broadei 
foundation  for  executive  judgment.     Moreover,  he  must  have 
brought  home  to  him  the  extreme  difficulty  of  really  determining 
facts  and  of  giving  them  proper  relative  weight.   A  problem  ade 
quately  stated,  in  the  discussion  of  which  it  is  possible  for  th< 
student  to  say  "But  I  can't  make  out  what  the  facts  are.   Wlrj 
did  this  party  to  the  negotiation  say  what  he  did?"  —  such  ;l 
problem  may  be  most  effective  in  teaching  the  art  of  negotiation  I 

Certain  types  of  business  problems  are  much  more  difficult  t< 
put  into  shape  for  teaching  than  others.    For  example,  Factor 
Management   problems   with   their   infinitely   varied   industria  I 
background  and  technique  and  with  the  limitations  imposed  o  I 
the  problem  by  the  factory  building  and  equipment,  are  difficul  i 
to  present  in  such  a  way  that  the  student  may  visualize  the  fad  ) 
clearly.    There  is  much  less  difficulty  in  stating  a  problem  in  Ma: 
keting  or  in  Banking  because  it  requires  no  stretch  of  the  imagim 
tion  for  the  student  to  obtain  a  clear  conception  of  the  problei 
from  a  printed  page.  This  is  the  ordinary  medium  for  stating  sue 
problems.   For  these  reasons  the  descriptive  material  for  cases  ] 
Factory  Management  and  Industrial  Accounting  must  be  mu( 
more  elaborate  and  much  more  carefully  prepared  than  simil;  j 
material  in  other  subjects.   Outlines  and  descriptions  of  industri 
processes  must  be  worked  out  in  a  wide  variety  of  fields.   Enouj   j 
has  been  accomplished,  however,  to  convince  us  that  the  differen   j 
is  one  of  degree  only  and  that  cases  in  Factory  Management  c. 
be  stated  effectively  if  effort  enough  can  be  put  into  the  resear 
work  for  their  preparation  and  presentation. 

In  the  use  of  our  cases  in  teaching  certain  differences  appear 
compared  with  the  teaching  of  law.  The  business  case  usua] 
(though  not  invariably)  differs  radically  from  the  law  case  sin- 
larly  used  in  that  it  contains  no  statement  of  the  actual  decisis 
reached  by  the  business  man.  Moreover  the  methods  of  approat 
by  which  decisions  are  reached  are  not  included  in  any  reasod 
opinion  similar  to  the  opinion  of  the  court  and  most  business  ca;$ 
admit  of  more  than  one  solution.  These  differences  caused  us  so: 3 
concern  in  the  beginning  and  in  practice  they  clearly  impose  on  13 
teacher  of  business  a  definite  obligation  to  finish  the  class-roi 


■ 

GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION        135 

liscussion  of  each  case  with  a  clean  cut  summary  of  the  reasons 
ind  analogies  which  appeal  to  him  as  most  important  for  its  solu- 
ion.  When  this  is  done  the  material  in  its  present  form  has  im- 
portant advantages.  Among  these  is  the  practical  compulsion  to 
dependent  thought  by  the  student  before  the  problem  is  taken 
p  in  class. 

Unquestionably  our  technique  of  presenting  problems  for  class- 
in  purposes  and  our  class-room  methods  will  develop  through 
erience  into  something  quite  different  from  our  present  prac- 
ces.  It  is  nevertheless  clear  that  the  case  system  as  we  now  know 
represents  a  substantial  advance  over  our  previous  methods  and 
^  lat  it  should  be  extended  rapidly  into  other  business  subjects, 
his  requires  the  expenditure  of  considerable  sums  of  money  or 
It   i  the  alternative  an  otherwise  unnecessary  delay  of  years  of  time. 

-  he  School  should  certainly  be  able  in  some  way  to  obtain  these 
5  mds  and  save  the  time.  We  need  not  less  than  $35,000  a  year  to 
d    >end  on  this  research  for  several  years  to  come. 

5  One  of  the  important  by-products  of  the  work  of  the  School  and 
e  Bureau  in  seeking  problems  is  the  increased  interest  in  the 
•  hhool  which  is  shown  by  business  men.  For  example,  during  this 
4  immer  several  firms  have  sent  representatives  to  Cambridge  who 
o  j-ent  from  three  to  six  days  in  conference  with  agents  of  the  Bureau 
w  the  preparation  of  problems  in  their  industries.  Several  of 
»  tese  men  having  learned  the  Bureau's  methods  submitted  other 
fl  roblems  after  returning  to  their  regular  occupations.  Other 
i  I  siness  men  who  have  seen  samples  of  the  work  done  in  the  School 
Ins  lye  become  interested  enough  to  submit  basic  material  for  prob- 
%  1»*qs  voluntarily,  and  it  is  a  frequent  experience  that  executives 
if  i:  erviewed  ask  for  collections  of  problems  as  soon  as  they  are  made 
8J  aailable  in  order  that  they  may  use  them  in  training  their  own 
r.'n. 

Orienting  First-Year  Students  in  the  School 

)ne  of  our  real  difficulties  has  been  that  of  rapidly  assimilating 

-  tlf:  graduates  of  a  large  number  of  different  colleges  into  a  co- 
o  [inated  group  and  of  introducing  them  to  the  methods  of  instruc- 

r  tii  employed  in  the  School.  This  is  another  difficulty  which 
&!es  largely  from  the  increased  size  of  the  School.   No  organized 

r  ei  >rt  was  made  along  these  lines  until  it  became  apparent  in  the 
3f  ing  of  the  year  1919-20  that  something  must  be  done  to  define 
i  School  adequately  to  the  first-year  men.  A  very  considerable 
ai  )unt  of  dissatisfaction  arose  at  that  time  because  the  students 


136       GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION 

did  not  understand  what  the  School  was  trying  to  accomplish  and 
were  consequently  discontented  with  the  methods  in  use.  This 
dissatisfaction  took  the  form  in  large  measure  of  requests  for  more 
instruction  of  immediate  practical  value,  although  the  aim  of  the 
School  was  very  definite  that  the  training  given  should  be  valuable 
after  the  early  period  of  probation  in  business  rather  than  during 
that  period. 

On  the  basis  of  this  experience  and  to  avoid  if  possible  a  repeti- 
tion of  the  conditions,  an  introductory  group  of  lectures  was  given 
to  the  first-year  men  in  the  beginning  of  the  year  covered  by  this 
report.  This  group  of  lectures  covered  the  organization  of  the 
School  from  an  educational  and  administrative  point  of  view; 
the  aims  of  the  School  and  its  relation  to  the  student;  the  things 
which  the  staff  is  attempting  to  accomplish,  and  especially  the 
things  which  it  is  not  attempting  to  accomplish;  the  methods 
adopted  for  the  purpose  of  accomplishing  these  objects,  with  a 
somewhat  careful  explanation  of  the  case  system  and  its  relation 
to  training  for  business;  general  instruction  in  the  gathering  of 
material  for  and  the  presentation  of  written  reports;  the  use  of 
the  library;  and  similar  subjects  important  to  the  student  in  all 
of  the  work  in  the  School  rather  than  for  any  particular  course. 
Following  these  lectures,  a  group  of  lectures  was  presented  by 
business  men  who  spoke  from  personal  experience  about  the  vari- 
ous business  careers  for  which  the  School  trains.  The  subjects  of 
these  lectures  were  comparable  to  the  study  groups  in  the  School  — 
manufacturing,  marketing,  banking,  finance,  etc.  —  and  the  lec- 
tures were  intended  to  assist  the  student  to  choose  intelligently 
among  these  careers  and  therefore  to  select  his  study  group  in  the 
School. 

The  result  of  the  lectures  was  most  satisfactory.  No  misunder- 
standing as  to  the  scope  and  function  of  the  School  similar  to  that 
which  had  arisen  in  the  previous  year  was  noticeable  at  any  time 
during  the  year.  Nevertheless,  it  was  evident  as  the  year  went  on 
that  the  first-year  class  did  not  realize  the  nature  of  business  as 
a  coordinated  subject.  On  the  contrary,  the  typical  first-year  man 
at  the  end  of  the  year  seemed  to  have  studied  his  individual  courses 
with  little  conception  of  their  interrelation.  A  problem  in  account- 
ing was  to  him  simply  a  problem  in  accounting  and  a  problem  in 
finance  only  a  problem  in  finance.  He  had  no  clear  understanding 
of  the  usefulness  of  factory  management  training  for  the  account- 
ant. He  wished  in  far  too  many  cases  to  make  himself  into  a 
narrow  specialist. 


I 


GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION         KJ7 

This  failure  to  see  the  interrelations  of  business  was  not  notice- 
able to  any  considerable  extent  in  the  second-year  group  largely 
through  the  effect  of  the  course  in  Business  Policy.  This  course 
consists  of  a  long  series  of  problems  presented  by  business  men  who 
are  unaware  of  the  arbitrary  divisions  of  the  subject  matter  of  busi- 
ness adopted  by  the  School  for  convenience  in  teaching  and  who 
therefore  submit  problems  which  customarily  go  across  the  sub- 
ject matter  of  various  courses.  Out  of  such  problems  the  men 
rapidly  gain  a  conception  of  the  interdependence  of  business 
subjects. 

If  we  could  include  in  our  first  year  an  introductory  course  on 
the  scope  of  business  similar  to  the  general  courses  on  business 
organization  given  in  many  of  the  undergraduate  collegiate  busi- 
ness schools,  we  might  change  this  situation  through  such  a  course. 
This  solution  is  not  practicable  because  of  the  pressure  of  more 
important  courses.  Yet  there  is  great  need  that  men  should  from 
the  beginning  of  their  work  build  toward  a  coordinated  structure 
of  training  rather  than  toward  isolated  units  whose  interrelation- 
ship is  beyond  their  vision.  In  the  effort  to  bring  about  this  con- 
dition we  conceived  the  possibility  during  the  year  of  giving  the 
first-year  class  immediately  after  their  arrival  in  the  School  a  very 
complicated  business  problem  which  should  for  its  solution  de- 
pend upon  the  subject  matter  of  a  large  part  of  the  courses  given 
in  the  School.  Of  course  such  a  problem  would  be  beyond  the  capac- 
ity of  every  man  in  the  class.  It  was  nevertheless  to  be  presented 
for  their  consideration  and  after  a  careful  study  by  them  discussed 
by  the  instructor.  This  discussion  was  planned  to  serve  as  an 
object  lesson  in  the  preliminary  analysis  of  a  complicated  business 
problem,  and  at  the  same  time  to  bring  out  the  relation  of  the 
problem  to  all  the  different  groups  of  courses  in  the  School.  In 
this  way  the  student  might  at  once  realize  how  the  courses  in  the 
School  work  together  as  preparation  for  the  solution  of  a  single 
executive  problem  while  at  the  same  time  he  might  acquire  a 
more  adequate  conception  of  the  general  and  interlocking  nature 
3f  business  problems. 

This  experiment  was  carried  out  at  the  opening  of  the  current 
icademic  year  with  exactly  the  desired  result. 

Orienting  Graduates  of  the  School  in  Business 

A  similar  group  of  personal  problems  of  orientation  arises  with 
eference  to  the  start  which  the  student  upon  graduation  must 
nake  in  business.    To  help  in  this  transition  period  a  group  of 


138       GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION 

lectures  has  been  instituted  at  the  end  of  the  second  year  in  the 
School  covering  some  of  the  major  problems  which  the  student 
must  face  in  his  early  business  life.  The  interest  taken  by  second- 
year  men  in  this  group  of  lectures  has  been  very  great  and  we  be- 
lieve that  much  good  has  been  accomplished.  The  principal  gain 
has  perhaps  been  that  a  larger  proportion  of  the  students  now 
leave  the  School  fully  expecting  to  start  at  or  near  the  bottom  of 
the  line,  to  learn  the  fundamentals  of  the  industry  in  which  they 
find  themselves,  and  to  study  their  surroundings  both  industrial 
and  personal  for  a  considerable  period,  before  they  look  for  rapid 
promotion.  They  are  thinking  of  themselves  in  relation  to  their 
new  environment  and  they  are  building  on  a  much  surer  founda- 
tion. Judging  from  the  comments  of  business  men  a  satisfactory 
improvement  in  their  attitude  along  these  lines  has  been  ac- 
complished. 

The  Policy  of  the  School  with  Reference  to 
Recommending  Men  for  Permanent  Positions 

During  the  year  we  have  had  under  serious  consideration  the 
policy  which  should  be  followed  in  recommending  men  for  per- 
manent positions.  In  the  old  days  the  Dean  could  make  such  recom- 
mendations in  practically  every  case  upon  his  personal  knowledge 
of  the  men  involved.  With  the  increased  size  of  the  School  and 
the  larger  number  of  cases  where  graduates  of  the  School  refer  to 
us  after  they  have  been  out  for  a  few  years,  this  has  become  an 
inadequate  basis  upon  which  to  act.  During  the  year  therefore 
we  worked  out  a  careful  system  of  rating  the  men  not  only  on 
scholarship  but  on  their  personal  qualities,  this  rating  being  made 
by  several  members  of  the  staff  including  the  Dean's  office  rather 
than  by  the  Dean's  office  alone.  The  plan  was  put  into  operation 
as  far  as  practicable  and  every  man  in  the  second-year  class  was 
rated  by  at  least  two  members  of  the  staff  in  addition  to  the  Dean's 
office.  As  a  matter  of  permanent  policy,  it  is  expected  that  every 
second-year  man  will  in  the  future  be  rated  by  five  members  of  the 
staff.  These  composite  ratings  are  entered  on  a  record  card  in  the 
Dean's  office  which  contains  also  a  photograph  of  the  student  and 
his  school  record.  In  making  recommendations  we  now  have  both 
the  scholastic  record  of  the  man  and  a  considered  judgment  of 
members  of  the  staff  covering  his  personal  qualities.  A  reproduc- 
tion of  this  rating  card  is  printed  on  page  139. 

So  far  the  results  of  this  system  have  been  most  satisfactory 
and  in  writing  letters  of  recommendation  we  are  able  to  write  with 


GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION 


139 


if 

•Ft  S 

32 

a 

i 

! 

I 
fs 

11 

II 

1 

I 

1 
| 

I 

i 

.2 
f 

1 
1 

| 
I 

1 

J 

-3 
a 

| 

I! 
11 

i 

| 

1 

■a 

o. 

I 

z   t 

1 

„ 

. 

3 

2    I 

o  ! 

1 

I 

1 

1 

1 

2 

8 

a 

I 

1 

o 

i 
1 1 

1 

i 

I 

| 

1 

P     S 

s. 

Q       8 

LE  REPRO 

it  year  in  black;  f 

1 

< 

< 

! 

1 

< 

f 

< 

! 

■5 

! 

< 

1 
< 

1 

< 

| 

o 

Si 

1 
< 

1 
< 

| 
< 

1 

1 
< 

.5 
t 

>   >> 
| 

a 

ha 
0       I 

1 

1 

i 

i 

! 

1 

1 

.2 

j 

1 

.1 1 

o 

i 

! 
2 

1 

J 

1 

1 

1 

H     £ 

E 

w 

P      3 

I 

1 

I 

i 

1 

i 

I 

I 

! 

1 

s.  a 

b 

i 

r 

i 

i 

o 

1 

3 

1 

•a 

i 

1 

1 

| 

1 

a 

i 

!2 

s 

I 

I 

1 

I 

1 

a 

1 

i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

s 

i 

1 

1 

1 

i 

1 

1 

05   ? 

P 

3 

P 

p 

P 

e 

p 

p 

p 

p 

p 

p 

P 

p 

p 

p 

P 

s 

::§::::         :   ;    :    : 

"g  ~  ~y  ~y  ~ 

Q   2 

:':*:::;  t     :  g   :    : 

*  3  &  •  • 

9  ! 

p  1 

s  1 

.  I   •   *   •   :  *     ■  *   •  „ 

i  ■ ;  j  : •  i  t  s  1 1  -  *  ■  * 
lit  lit  isi^i! 

t    ■ 

1  i 
i  s 

1  1  :  ;  I 

*  -    :  «  1 
1  1  «  1  3 

I  I|  |  I 

1    &    3    |.  £ 

; 

Si| 

<! 

22 

E  i  3 

I 

$ 

; 

I 

1 

o 

V 

h 

1    « 

s 

S 

a. 

8m 

II 

a05 

Is 

i 

< 

1 

p 
g 

I 

! 

140       GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION 

far  more  assurance  and  confidence  in  the  fairness  of  the  recommen- 
dation than  was  formerly  possible. 

We  have  also  during  this  year  given  serious  consideration  to 
another  phase  of  the  problem  of  recommending  men,  namely,  the 
extent  to  which  the  office  should  find  positions  for  men  who  had 
rather  unsatisfactory  or  merely  passable  records.  Business  men 
who  apply  to  us  for  men  desire  a  recommendation  based  on  our 
best  judgment  as  to  the  man's  capacity  for  a  particular  position 
which  is  often  specified  with  some  detail  and  more  and  more  they 
ask  for  men  of  high  scholarship.  We  decided  last  fall  that  the 
School  would  in  the  future  take  the  initiative  in  seeking  positions 
only  for  men  who  by  the  quality  of  their  work  and  impression 
which  they  made  on  their  associates  in  the  School  affirmatively 
demonstrate  the  right  to  such  assistance,  leaving  the  other  men 
to  find  their  own  positions.  Under  ordinary  circumstances  the 
School  does  not  recommend  for  permanent  positions  men  who  have 
spent  only  one  year  in  the  School. 

This  decision  to  recommend  affirmatively  only  men  with 
thoroughly  good  records  is  more  in  the  nature  of  a  definition  of 
existing  practices  than  of  a  radical  departure  from  precedent,  but 
this  year  on  account  of  business  conditions  we  should  have  been 
obliged  in  any  event  to  adopt  the  policy  outlined.  We  had  the 
opportunity  to  place  a  substantially  larger  number  of  men  on  the 
basis  of  our  strong  recommendation  covering  both  personality 
and  scholarship  than  there  were  men  in  the  graduating  class  whom 
we  could  recommend  in  this  way.  On  the  other  hand  we  had  few 
chances  to  place  men  without  such  a  recommendation.  Employers 
who  came  to  the  School  looking  for  men  said  in  substance  that 
under  the  business  conditions  of  last  April  and  May  they  were 
discharging  men  but  that  if  we  had  exceptional  men  they  would  be 
glad  to  hire  them. 

We  believe  that  this  will  be  the  best  permanent  policy  because 
in  the  long  run  it  will  make  the  School's  recommendation  carry 
more  weight  with  employers,  and  because  it  has  already  increased 
to  a  marked  degree  the  desire  of  students  to  accomplish  a  real  com- 
petitive success  while  here.  In  business  a  man  constantly  tries 
himself  out  in  competition  with  his  fellows  and  his  relative  success 
or  failure  depends  largely  upon  this  try-out.  The  men  in  the  School 
now  realize  that  their  success  in  doing  the  work  of  the  School,  in- 
cluding the  personal  impression  which  they  make  on  the  staff, 
will  influence  largely  the  kind  of  opportunity  which  is  open  to 
them  on  graduation.    Even  under  the  business  conditions  of  last 


GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION       141 

year  the  situations  obtained  on  the  recommendation  of  the  School 
were  most  attractive.  This  is  reacting  very  satisfactorily  on  the 
quality  of  work  done  in  the  School. 

One  of  the  interesting  developments  of  the  year  is  the  large  in- 
crease in  the  number  of  employers  who  come  in  person  to  the  School 
seeking  our  graduates. 

Training  Men  for  Teaching  Business 

Perhaps  the  most  serious  tasks  of  all  facing  collegiate  business 
schools  generally  are  in  the  first  instance  that  of  finding  adequately 
equipped  teachers  and  then  of  making  the  opportunities  attractive 
enough  to  offset  the  continued  temptation  to  go  into  business. 
The  traditional  training  in  economics  fails  to  give  the  intimate 
touch  with  industrial  conditions  and  workaday  tasks  of  the  busi- 
ness man  which  is  part  of  the  necessary  equipment  of  at  least  a 
large  portion  of  the  business  school  staff.  The  engineering  training 
given  in  the  best  technical  schools  does  not  provide  the  essential 
^economic  basis  upon  which  much  of  the  instruction  should  rest. 
Neither  can  these  business  schools  rely  at  the  present  time  upon 
converted  business  men  to  supply  their  needs  for  teachers ;  for  not 
only  do  such  business  men  inevitably  lack  both  the  economic  and 
the  broad  technical  background,  but  they  are  deterred  by  the 
difficulties  which  they  see  in  the  teaching  of  business.  Neverthe- 
less if  business  is  to  continue  taking  our  men  out  of  teaching,  we 
nust  develop  methods  of  obtaining  teachers  from  business. 

One  of  the  difficulties  of  using  business  men  as  teachers  is  that 
he  lecture  and  the  text  book  are  both  in  their  nature  far  away  from 
e  practical  experience  of  such  men.  I  believe  that,  as  systematic 
se  books  are  developed,  more  and  more  business  men  will  be 
ittracted  to  teaching  business  subjects,  because  they  are  in  the 
bit  of  discussing  business  problems  with  their  associates  and  the 
ransition  to  teaching  will  therefore  be  less  difficult.  Until  such 
)ooks  are  published  however,  and  to  a  large  extent  permanently, 
e  main  reliance  for  teachers  must  be  upon  men  who  have  an 
conomic  training  coupled  in  the  long  run  with  training  in  schools 
e  ours.  Such  men  will  particularly  need  business  contacts  which 
1  enable  them  to  correlate  their  training  with  practical  everyday 
ife  in  business.  It  is  important  that  wherever  possible  members 
;f  the  staff  with  such  training  should  engage  in  consulting  work 
r  in  part-time  work  in  business  and  thus  supplement  their  other 
xperience.    A  considerable  number  of  our  present  staff  are  en- 


! 


: 


142      GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION 

gaged  in  work  of  this  nature.   Such  work  lessens  the  risk  that  men 
will  leave  to  take  business  opportunities. 

The  entire  lack  of  preparation  for  a  depression  with  which  in- 
numerable executives  met  the  serious  business  conditions  of  the 
last  two  years  is  conclusive  evidence  of  their  lamentable  lack  of 
knowledge  of  the  broad  economic  background  of  business  and  how 
it  affects  their  own  affairs.  There  is  much  need  for  the  extension 
of  economic  thought  to  the  point  where  business  men  understand 
its  general  scope  and  know  how  to  apply  it  to  their  individual 
problems.  One  of  the  principal  functions  of  a  School  such  as  this 
should  be  to  bring  together  on  its  staff  a  group  of  men  partly 
trained  in  economics,  partly  in  business,  and  to  some  extent  actu- 
ally engaged  in  business,  who  by  working  to  a  common  end  may 
do  their  part  to  make  available  for  business  men  in  their  several  , 
fields  the  best  thought  of  the  economists.  For  this  purpose  the 
approach  used  must  be  the  business  approach. 

The  opportunities  in  this  and  other  collegiate  business  schools 
are  very  attractive  to  men  interested  in  teaching.    During  the 
year  just  passed  we  had  over  fifty  requests  from  colleges  and  uni- 
versities for  graduates  of  this  School  to  teach  business,  and  we  are 
already  in  a  position  to  foresee  a  group  of  able  young  men  coming 
to  the  School  for  training  which  shall  prepare  them  for  the  teaching 
of  business  as  a  career.    To  meet  this  situation  the  Faculty  this 
year  spent  a  considerable  amount  of  time  upon  the  kind  of  training 
such  men  should  receive  and  the  responsibility  of  this  School  for 
furnishing  such  training.  As  a  result  of  this  study,  we  have  recom- 
mended to  the  Governing  Boards  that  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Commercial  Science  should  be  granted  on  the  recommendation 
of  this  Faculty,  this  degree  being  intended  for  men  who  train  them- 
selves for  careers  in  teaching  business  or  in  research.   Their  trains 
ing  would  include  economic  theory  and  history,  an  adequate  graspf 
of  business  subjects  taught  in  this  School  and  a  period  of  actua 
experience  in  industry.  The  normal  course  of  study  for  this  degre< 
would  be  differentiated  from  the  work  for  the  degree  of  Master  ii 
Business  Administration  at  the  end  of  the  first  year  and  woul( 
require  at  least  three  years.    Men  who  wait  until  they  have  takei 
the  Master's  Degree  before  preparing  for  the  Doctor's  Degre 
would  naturally  require  one  year  more  of  preparation  than  woul 
otherwise  be  necessary.    This  recommendation  is  now  pendin 
before  the  Governing  Boards. 


graduate  school  of  business  administration     143 

Relation  with  other  Collegiate  Business  Schools 

We  have  made  an  effort  to  solve  the  problems  which  are  raised 
when  men  come  to  us  from  other  business  schools.  Such  men  have 
studied  business  subjects  and  naturally  wish  fair  consideration  for 
such  work.  On  the  other  hand,  the  standard  of  work  expected  of 
undergraduates  is  necessarily  less  severe  than  that  expected  in 
this  School  because  the  students  are  less  mature.  After  consult- 
ing with  the  Deans  of  various  undergraduate  schools,  the  follow- 
ing solution  was  adopted. 

Oral  or  written  examinations  covering  the  general  scope  of 
the  introductory  courses  in  Accounting,  Industrial  Management, 
Marketing,  and  Banking  or  Industrial  Finance  are  conducted 
early  in  the  school  year.  A  student  who  passes  any  such  examina- 
tion satisfactorily  is  excused  from  the  course  at  the  discretion  of 
bhe  instructor.  A  student  who  is  deficient  in  part  of  the  work  of 
i  course  is  allowed  to  take  (a)  special  work  in  such  part  of  the 
Seld  covered  by  the  course  as  his  examination  may  indicate  him 
to  be  deficient,  or  (b)  such  special  coordinating  work  as  is  pre- 
scribed by  the  Faculty.  Such  men  may  be  allowed  simultaneously 
ho  take  advanced  work  in  the  same  subject. 

The  test  applied  in  each  case  is  the  actual  attainment  of  the 
[student,  and  if  he  has  a  satisfactory  background  he  may  be  ex- 
bused  from  any  of  the  introductory  courses.  This  solution  appears 
jo  be  satisfactory. 

I  Students  who  are  excused  from  introductory  courses  on  exami- 
nation are  required  to  elect  other  courses  to  fill  out  a  complete 
(rear's  program.  Two  years  work  at  this  School  is  required  of  such 
linen  unless  after  completing  at  least  one  year  of  graduate  work  in 
|n  approved  business  school  they  are  admitted  to  advanced  stand- 
ig.   Unnecessary  duplication  of  work  is,  however,  avoided. 

Changes  in  the  Staff 

With  keen  regret  I  record  the  loss  sustained  by  the  School 
ough  the  resignation  of  Professor  Lincoln  F.  Schaub,  who  has 
?|ecome  Treasurer  of  the  Pacific  Development  Company,  New  York 
ity.  Professor  Schaub's  leaving  is  felt  particularly  by  his  as- 
>ciates  because  of  his  long  continued  service  with  the  School,  the 
aportant  part  he  has  taken  in  its  development,  and  especially 
Bcause  of  his  sound  judgment  and  humanity.  Professor  Oliver 
[.  W.  Sprague  is  taking  a  Sabbatical  Year  during  1921-22,  and 


144       GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION 

Professor  G.  B.  Roorbach  was  given  leave  of  absence  for  1921-22 
at  the  request  of  Honorable  Herbert  Hoover,  Secretary  of  Com- 
merce, that  he  might  do  important  special  work  in  that  depart- 
ment. Assistant  Professor  Gries  has  left  the  School  to  become 
associated  with  the  Department  of  Commerce  as  Chief  of  the 
Division  of  Building. 

Several  new  members  have  been  added  to  the  staff  this  last 
year.  Thomas  H.  Sanders,  Ph.D.,  was  appointed  Assistant  Pro- 
fessor of  Accounting  to  serve  from  September  1,  1921.  He  takes 
the  place  of  Assistant  Professor  J.  Hugh  Jackson  whose  resignation 
was  regretfully  accepted.  Three  new  lecturers  were  appointed  for 
1921-22:  Ripley  L.  Dana,  of  Pillsbury,  Dana  &  Young,  Boston, 
as  lecturer  on  Business  Law;  Fred  T.  Field,  of  Goodwin,  Procter, 
Field  &  Hoar,  Boston,  also  as  lecturer  on  Business  Law ;  and  James 
E.  McGrath,  Foreign  Trade  Department,  First  National  Bank  of 
Boston,  as  lecturer  on  Latin- American  Trade.  Clinton  P.  Biddle 
was  appointed  Assistant  Dean  and  Instructor  in  Finance.  Charles 
C.  Eaton  was  appointed  Librarian  of  the  School. 

The  following  new  instructors  were  appointed:  Arthur  W. 
Hanson  in  Accounting,  Windsor  A.  Hosmer  in  Business  Policy, 
Gorton  James  and  Charles  A.  Jones  in  Industrial  Management, 
and  J.  Nelson  Spaeth  in  Lumbering. 

The  following  promotions  were  made:  Henry  H.  Farquhar  was 
appointed  Assistant  Professor  of  Industrial  Management;  Ed- 
mond  E.  Lincoln,  Assistant  Professor  of  Finance ;  and  Donald  K. 
David  Assistant  Professor  of  Marketing.  Professor  David  con- 
tinues as  Assistant  Dean. 

The  courses  open  to  the  public  without  charge  this  year  under 
the  terms  of  the  will  of  George  H.  Leatherbee  were  Income  Tax, 
Traffic  Management,  Foreign  Trade  Methods,  and  Foreign  Ex- 
change and  Foreign  Investments. 

Entrance  Requirements 

Beginning  with  the  academic  year  1921-22  applicants  for  en- 
trance to  the  School  must  present  a  signed  application  accom- 
panied by  a  registration  fee  of  ten  dollars  and  a  certified  transcript 
of  their  college  record.  Candidates  are  also  required  to  file  a  state- 
ment of  the  work  which  they  have  covered  in  Economics  since 
work  in  the  Principles  of  Economics  is  now  a  prerequisite  to 
admission. 


! 


GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION       1 45 

Loan  Funds 

During  the  year  1920-21,  loans  to  students  were  made  from  the 
Business  School  Loan  Fund  to  the  amount  of  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  thirty-five  dollars  ($1835).  Gifts  from  the 
alumni  amounted  to  six  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  ($650) .  Repay- 
ments during  the  year  amounted  to  one  thousand  four  hundred 
and  seventy  dollars,  and  nineteen  cents  ($1470.19),  and  the  year 
ended  with  a  balance  of  one  thousand  three  hundred  and  twenty- 
seven  dollars  and  sixty-two  cents  ($1327.62). 

Loans  from  the  Fechheimer  Loan  Fund  were  made  to  the  amount 
of  three  thousand  seventy-seven  dollars  and  thirty-seven  cents 
($3077.37).  Repayments  were  made  of  one  hundred  and  fifty 
dollars  ($150),  leaving  a  balance  at  the  end  of  the  year  of  two 
thousand  three  hundred  forty-two  dollars  and  sixty-three  cents 
($2342.63). 

On  March  13,  1921,  the  School  received  an  anonymous  gift  of 
five  thousand  dollars  ($5000),  the  principal  and  income  of  which 
is  to  be  loaned  to  needy  students  in  furthering  their  studies.  No 
loans  were  made  from  this  Fund  during  1920-21. 

In  view  of  the  increase  in  tuition  for  1921-22  heavy  demands 
are  being  made  on  the  loan  funds  of  the  School,  and  there  is  great 
need  of  money  for  this  purpose. 

May  Prizes 

The  prizes  offered  annually  by  Mr.  George  Oliver  May  of  New 
York  for  the  two  best  graduation  theses  were  awarded  for  1920-21 
is  follows:  first  prize  of  one  hundred  dollars  to  Franklin  W. 
ilyan,  A.B.,  Baker  University,  1910,  for  his  thesis  on  "  An  Analysis 
)f  the  Cotton  Mill  Sales  Note  from  the  Viewpoint  of  Bank  Credit 
Administration";  second  prize  of  fifty  dollars  to  Edison  H. 
Baker,  S.B.,  Allegheny  College,  1917,  A.M.,  Columbia  University, 
920,  for  his  thesis  on  "A  Study  of  the  Financial  Policies  of  Se- 
scted  Automobile  Manufacturers." 

Advisors 

A  system  of  faculty  advisors  was  adopted  in  the  spring  of  1921. 
11  the  second-year  students  were  divided  into  groups  according 
p  their  field  of  concentration  and  were  assigned  to  different  mem- 
ers  of  the  staff,  whose  obligation  it  is  to  become  acquainted 
ersonally  with  the  needs  and  the  personal  qualities  of  the  men 
ssigned  them. 


146      GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION 

Cooperation  of  Business  Men 

I  am  glad  to  acknowledge  the  active  cooperation  and  assistance 
of  the  many  business  men  who  have  aided  the  instruction  in  the 
School  by  giving  lectures  and  business  problems  in  various  courses. 
A  complete  list  of  these  outside  lecturers  with  the  subjects  of  their 
lectures  or  problems  is  attached  as  Appendix  C. 

Various  statistical  tables  and  informational  appendices  ac- 
company this  report. 

WALLACE  B.  DONHAM,  Dean. 


APPENDIX  A 

Enrolment  Statistics 


Year 

First- 
year 
Students 

Second- 
year 
Students 

Graduate 
Students 

Special 
Students 

Total 

Harvard 
Grad- 
uates 

Grad- 
uates 
of  Other 
Colleges 

Per  Cent 
of  College 
Grad- 
uates 

1908-09 

33 

47 

80 

42 

16 

72.5 

1909-10 

42 

8 

41 

91 

42 

23 

71.4 

1910-11 

43 

10 

41 

94 

43 

25 

72.3 

1911-12 

55 

10 

31 

96 

46 

31 

80.2 

1912-13 

77 

11 

32 

120 

49 

52 

84.1 

1913-14 

67 

32 

18 

117 

39 

73 

95.7 

1914-15 

108 

27 

31 

166 

50 

104 

92.7 

1915-16 

117 

40 

33 

190 

30 

143 

91.0 

1916-17 

142 

50 

1 

39 

232 

57 

158 

92.6 

1917-18 

42 

30 

25 

97 

19 

66 

87.6 

1918-19 

111 

22 

1 

25 

159 

51 

91 

89.2 

1919-20 

307 

68 

37 

412 

105 

293 

96.6 

1920-21 

301 

128 

28 

457 

99 

339 

95.8 

Distribution  by  Colleges,  1920-21 


Adelbert  College 2 

Albion  College 2 

Allegheny  College 1 

Amherst  College 8 

Anatolia  College 1 

Atlanta  University 2 

Baker  University 2 

Beloit  College 4 

Boone  University  (China) 1 

Boston  College 10 

Boston  University 2 

Bowdoin  College 2 

Brooklyn  Polytechnic  Institute  1 

Brown  University 12 

Carleton  College 6 

Carroll  College 1 

Carthage  College 1 

Catholic  University 5 

Clark  College 2 

Colby  College 2 

Colgate  University 3 

College  of  the  Pacific 1 

Colorado  College 2 


Colorado  State  Teachers'  College  1 

Columbia  University 2 

Cornell  College 4 

Cornell  University 4 

Dartmouth  College 3 

Davidson  College 2 

Denison  University 1 

DePauw  University 3 

Doane  College 2 

Earlham  College 1 

Emory  University 2 

Euphrates  College 1 

Franklin  College 1 

Georgetown  College  (Ky.) 1 

Government  Institute  of  Technol- 
ogy (China) 1 

Greek  Gymnasium  of  Kyparissia  1 

Grinnell  College 1 

Hamilton  College 1 

Harvard  University 99 

Haverford  College 2 

Hillsdale  College 1 

Holy  Cross  College 8 


147 


148      GRADUATE   SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION 


Howard  College r 1 

Imperial  Law  School  of  St.  Peters- 
burg    1 

Indiana  University 1 

Johns  Hopkins  University 2 

Kalamazoo  College 1 

Kansas  State  Agricultural  College  1 

Keiogijuku  University  (Japan) .  1 

Kentucky  Wesleyan  University  1 

Knox  College 3 

Lawrence  College 3 

Lebanon  Valley  College 1 

Leland  Stanford  Jr.  University  .  4 

Louisiana  State  University  ....  3 

Louisiana  College 1 

Lowell  Textile  School 1 

Marietta  College 1 

Mass.  Agricultural  College  ....  6 

Mass.  Institute  of  Technology  .  6 

Mt.  Allison  University 1 

New  Hampshire  College 2 

Northwestern  University 1 

Oberlin  College 6 

Occidental  College 1 

Oglethorpe  University 1 

Ohio  State  University 1 

Ohio  University 3 

Ohio  Wesleyan  University 3 

Olivet  College 1 

Peking  Government  University  1 

Pomona  College 2 

Princeton  University 5 

Purdue  University 1 

Queen's  University 5 

Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute  1 

Rhode  Island  State  College ....  1 

Rice  Institute 2 

Rollins  College 1 

Rose  Polytechnic  Institute  ....  1 

Shurtleff  College 1 

Southern  Methodist  College  ...  5 

State  University  of  Iowa 3 

St.  John's  College 1 

St.  John's  University  (China) .  .  2 

St.  Mary's  College 1 

St.  Mary's  University 1 

St.  Olaf  College 1 

Syracuse  University 1 

Texas  Christian  University ....  1 

Transylvania  College 2 


Trinity  College 

Tufts  College 

Tulane  University 

Union  College 

University  of  Alabama 

University  of  California 

University  of  Chicago 

University  of  Cincinnati 

University  of  Colorado 

University  of  Illinois 

University  of  Kansas 

University  of  Maine 

University  of  Michigan 

University  of  Minnesota 

University  of  Missouri 

University  of  Oklahoma 

University  of  Oregon 

University  of  Paris 

University  of  Pennsylvania.  .  .  . 

University  of  the  Philippines  .  . 

University  of  Pittsburgh 

University  of  Rochester 

University  of  Texas 

University  of  Utah 

University  of  Vermont 

University  of  Virginia 

University  of  Washington 

University  of  Wisconsin 

Upsula  University 

Utah  Agricultural  College 

Virginia  Military  Institute  .... 

Wabash  College 

Washburn  College 

Washington  University,  Mo.    . . 

Washington  and  Jefferson  Col- 
lege   

West  Point  Military  Academy  . 

West  Virginia  University 

West  Virginia  Wesleyan  College 

William  Jewell  College 

Williams  College  . 

Wilmington  College 

Worcester  Polytechnic  Institute 

Yale  University 

Total 

Counted  more  than  once 

Total  number  of  College  Gradu- 
ates   

Total  number  of  Colleges  repre- 
sented   


1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
5 
1 
1 
3 
5 
9 
2 
2 
5 
1 
2 
1 
1 
3 
3 
1 
6 
2 
3 
1 
1 
2 
7 
1 
4 
2 
8 
5 
1 

2 
2 
1 

1 

2 

12 

1 
2 

J? 

442 

4 


- 


GRADUATE   SCHOOL   OF  BUSINESS   ADMINISTRATION       149 


Distribution  of  Students,  1908-21 


Number  op  States 
Represented 


1908-00 
1909-10 
1910-11 

wn-ia 

1912-13 
1913-14 
1914-15 
1915-10 
1916-1? 
1917-18 
1918-19 
1919-20 
1920-21 


Foreign  Countries 
Represented 


0     10    20    30    40    50 

12 

mt 

16 

20 
20 

26 

28 
35 

34 
35 
26 

27 

44 
40 

0     10    Si 

1908-09 

2 

d 

1909-10 

5 

1910-11 

2 

■ 

1011-12 

4 

1012-13 

4 

1013-14 

2 

1 

1914-15 

4. 

1915-16 

3 

1916-17 

3 

1017-18 

4 

1018-10 

5 

1010-20  10 

1020-21 

11 

Number  op  Colleges  Represented 


80  100  110  120  130  140 


Enrolment,  1908-21 

This  table  shows  the  growth  in  total  enrolment  and  the  large  number  of  students  coming 
from  institutions  other  than  Harvard.  One  hundred  and  thirty-eight  colleges  are  represented 
in  the  School. 


600 


(457) 


•08-109  K)0-«1O  '10J11  'll-aa  «12-a3  13-14  14-15  15-16  16-17  17-18  lS-^  '1 9-^20  '20J21 


APPENDIX  B 

THE  BUREAU  OF  BUSINESS  RESEARCH 

During  the  twelve-month  period  ending  June  30,  1921,  the  fol- 
lowing bulletins  have  been  published : 

Bulletin  No.    8.     Operating  Accounts  for  Wholesale  Grocers   (revised 

edition). 
"         ft     20.     Operating  Expenses  in  Retail  Shoe  Stores  in  1919. 
"         "     21.     Operating  Expenses  in  Retail  Hardware  Stores  in  1919. 
"         "     22.     Operating  Expenses  in  Retail  Drug  Stores  in  1919. 
u         u     23.     Operating  Expenses  in  Retail  Jewelry  Stores  in  1919. 
«         a     24.     The  Wholesale  Grocery  Business  in  January,  1921. 
"         "     25.     Labor  Terminology. 
"         "     26.     Operating  Expenses  in  the  Wholesale  Grocery  Business 

in  1920. 

In  the  bulletin  on  Labor  Terminology  approximately  two  hun- 
dred terms  in  common  use  in  labor  relations  are  defined,  the  defini- 
tions being  from  the  standpoint  of  members  of  labor  unions.  As 
a  practical  matter,  it  was  necessary  to  work  out  the  definitions 
from  one  point  of  view,  and  it  seemed  advisable  to  show  the  definite 
meanings  attached  to  these  terms  by  labor  union  members  in  order 
to  assist  employers  and  prospective  employers  to  understand  the 
labor  point  of  view.  The  terms  defined  are  for  the  most  part  such 
as  apply  broadly  to  numerous  industries  rather  than  those  that 
have  a  narrow  technical  use  in  a  single  industry.  This  bulletin 
was  an  experiment  in  a  large  and  difficult  field  in  which  further 
experience  may  indicate  that  it  is  advisable  to  have  a  large  amount 
of  additional  research  carried  on. 

During  the  year  monthly  summaries  of  comparative  prices  of 
cotton  cloth  in  the  United  States,  England,  China,  Japan,  and 
India  were  issued  to  subscribers.  A  summary  of  the  methods  that 
the  Bureau  used  was  also  presented  to  the  World  Cotton  Confer- 
ence in  Manchester,  England,  in  June,  1921.  Owing  to  lack  of 
funds  to  cover  the  cost  of  compiling  the  data,  it  was  decided  to 
discontinue  issuing  these  reports  in  July,  1921.  The  experiment 
had  indicated  that  such  data  were  a  valuable  index  to  conditions 
of  world  trade,  and  it  is  expected  that  the  plan  developed  by  the 
Bureau  will  be  taken  over  eventually  by  the  United  States  De- 
partment of  Commerce. 

150 


GRADUATE   SCHOOL   OF  BUSINESS   ADMINISTRATION       151 

In  May,  1921,  the  Bureau  commenced  the  collection  of  reports 
on  operating  expenses  in  department  stores.  The  schedule  used 
in  this  investigation  was  drawn  up  in  cooperation  with  the  Stand- 
ardization Committee  of  the  Controllers'  Congress  and  the  Na- 
tional Retail  Dry  Goods  Association.  The  procedure  in  studying 
this  trade  will  be  practically  the  same  as  that  which  has  been  fol- 
lowed in  the  Bureau's  other  studies  of  mercantile  business.  The 
costs  of  this  investigation  are  to  be  met  by  a  contribution  from 
the  National  Retail  Dry  Goods  Association. 

During  the  early  months  of  1921  reports  were  collected  on  oper- 
ating expenses  in  retail  jewelry  stores  in  1920.  The  summary  of 
these  reports  will  be  published  in  the  Bureau's  second  annual 
summary  on  the  cost  of  doing  business  in  the  retail  jewelry  trade. 
In  addition  to  the  summary  of  operating  expenses,  an  investiga- 
tion also  was  made  of  methods  of  merchandise  classification  and 
of  the  problems  of  departmentizing  sales  and  expenses  in  retail 
jewelry  stores.  The  Bureau  is  continuing  to  receive  both  the  moral 
and  financial  support  of  the  American  National  Retail  Jewelers 
Association. 

The  bulletin  on  the  Wholesale  Grocery  Business  in  January, 
1921,  presents  the  results  of  an  investigation  undertaken  at  the 
request  of  the  trade  to  show  the  progress  that  was  being  made  in 
the  adjustment  of  the  wholesale  grocery  business  to  the  new  con- 
ditions brought  about  by  general  industrial  depression.  In  the 
bulletin  on  Operating  Expenses  in  the  Wholesale  Grocery  Business 
in  1920,  reports  from  322  wholesale  grocers  were  summarized. 
These  firms  were  located  in  forty-five  states  and  Canada,  and  their 
aggregate  sales  in  1920  were  $643,900,000.  Reports  from  forty 
other  wholesale  grocers  were  received  that  were  not  included  in 
the  tabulations  because  they  were  not  strictly  comparable.  If 
they  had  been  included,  the  aggregate  volume  of  sales  would  have 
been  $729,798,000.  This  probably  represents  something  like  10  per 
cent  of  the  wholesale  grocery  firms  in  the  United  States  and  at 
least  25-30  per  cent  of  the  total  volume  of  business  done  in  the 
wholesale  grocery  trade  in  the  country.  In  this  bulletin  separate 
tabulations  were  made  for  each  of  the  Federal  Reserve  districts 
in  order  to  reveal  differences  in  local  conditions.  This  year  it  has 
been  possible  to  present  a  table  showing  in  detail  operating  ex- 
penses, gross  and  net  profits,  and  stock-turn  for  forty-three  iden- 
tical firms  during  the  last  five  years,  thus  indicating  the  manner  in 
which  their  operating  expenses  and  profits  were  affected  by  radical 
changes  in  business  conditions.    The  expense  of  carrying  on  these 


15£      GRADUATE   SCHOOL  OF   BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION 

investigations  in  the  wholesale  grocery  trade  was  met  through 
funds  donated  by  the  National  Wholesale  Grocers'  Association, 
the  association  having  also  given  active  assistance  in  urging  their 
members  to  cooperate  with  the  Bureau. 

These  studies  of  operating  expenses  in  mercantile  business  con- 
tinue to  be  of  immediate  practical  interest  to  many  members  of 
the  respective  trades.  A  series  of  annual  reports  is  being  col- 
lected, furthermore,  that  will  aid  materially  in  understanding  the 
business  history  of  the  last  few  years,  a  period  to  which  reference 
will  often  be  made  in  the  future.  From  this  standpoint  the  value 
of  these  records  becomes  greater  and  greater  as  the  series  grows 
and  eventually  they  also  should  be  of  real  assistance  in  studying 
the  business  cycle.  In  keeping  up  these  investigations  from  year 
to  year,  moreover,  the  Bureau  incidentally  receives  numerous 
questions  and  statements  of  problems  that  can  be  utilized  im- 
mediately for  teaching  purposes  in  the  Business  School.  Such 
material,  when  it  comes  in  in  problem  form,  is  turned  over  to  the 
instructor,  and  when  an  instructor  needs  data  to  cover  a  special 
type  of  problem,  frequently  the  necessary  information  is  found 
available  in  the  Bureau's  files.  This  holds  true  especially  for  Re- 
tail Store  Management  and  for  a  portion  of  the  field  of  Marketing. 

In  December,  1920,  the  collection  of  labor  problems  was  under- 
taken. Although  the  work  made  slow  progress  during  the  first 
few  months,  the  technique  of  carrying  on  such  research  was  de- 
veloped to  a  point  that  seemed  to  justify  further  expansion,  and 
in  June,  1921,  a  staff  of  twelve  agents  with  the  necessary  clerical 
assistance  was  put  to  work  collecting  teaching  problems  in  Bank- 
ing, Industrial  Management,  Labor,  Retail  Store  Management, 
and  Sales  Management.  The  chief  features  of  the  development 
of  this  work  have  been  covered  in  the  main  body  of  this  report. 


APPENDIX  C 

List  of  Outside  Lecturers  who  assisted  in  various  courses  dur- 
ing the  year  1920-21. 

Industrial  Finance 
J.  O.  McKinsey  of  New  York:  "Financial  Budget." 

Business  Policy 
Robert  Ainory  of  Boston:   "A  Problem  in  the  Purchase  of  Raw  Cotton." 
Morris  A.  Black  of  Cleveland:   "A  Problem  in  Control  of  Styles  in  Women's 

Garments." 
Richard  B.  Carter  of  Cambridge:    "A  Problem  in  Distribution  of  Inks  and 

Adhesives." 
Howard  Coonley  of  Boston:   "A  Problem  in  the  Location  of  a  Plant." 
H.  S.  Dennison  of  Framingham:   "A  Problem  in  Business  Organization." 
Paul  E.  Fitzpatrick  of  Boston:   "A  Problem  in  Marketing  of  Hosiery." 
George  L.  Graham  of  Boston:   "Relations  between  Industry  and  Transporta- 
tion." 
Charles  H.  Jones  of  Boston:    "A  Problem  Connected  with  the  Manufacture 

and  Sale  of  Shoes." 
Henry  P.  Kendall  of  Boston:  "Proposed  Reorganization  of  a  Small  Industrial 

Corporation." 
John  S.  Lawrence  of  Boston:  "A  Problem  in  the  Marketing  of  Hosiery." 
Selden  O.  Martin  of  New  York:   "A  Problem  in  the  Marketing  of  Tea." 
Herbert  W.  Mason  of  Boston:  "A  Problem  in  Marketing  of  Pulp." 
W.  B.  Medlicott  of  Boston:  "A  Problem  in  Fire  Insurance." 
E.  G.  Preston  of  Boston:  "Exclusive  Selling  Agencies." 
W.  L.  Shaw  of  Manchester,  N.  H. :  "A  Labor  Problem  in  the  Shoe  Industry." 
Thomas  W.  Slocum  of  New  York:    "A  Problem  in  Manufacture  of  Cotton 

Goods." 
Carl  Snyder  of  New  York:  "A  Problem  in  Money  and  Prices." 
H.  A.  Stone  of  Boston:  "Financing  and  Marketing  a  Gum  Tape  Machine." 
A.  M.  Wright  of  Boston:  "A  Distribution  Problem  in  the  Piano  Industry." 
L.  M.  Wright  of  Boston:  "A  Distribution  Problem  in  the  Piano  Industry." 

Foreign  Trade 
Frank  A.  Arnold  of  New  York:  "Foreign  Advertising." 
W.  P.  F.  Ayer  of  Boston:  "A  Problem  in  Foreign  Trade." 
E.  A.  Filsinger  of  New  York:  "Marketing  Textiles  in  South  America." 
Donald  Frothingham  of  New  York:    "A  Problem  in  Exporting  to  Latin 

America." 
R.  S.  MacElwee  of  Washington:   "Service  Organization  in  Foreign  Selling." 
W.  S.  Tower  of  New  York:   "Warehouse  Location  for  Steel  Export  Firm." 

"The  Problem  of  Cancellation  of  Orders  in  Argentina." 
Latin  American  Trade 
E.  B.  Filsinger  of  Boston:   "The  Trade  Situation  in  Latin  America." 

153 


154      GRADUATE   SCHOOL  OF   BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION 

Ocean  Transportation 

F.  F.  Farrar  of  Boston:  "The  Export  Agent  of  a  Railroad  and  His  Services  to 

the  Exporter." 
M.  H.  Gurney  of  Boston:   "The  Work  of  a  Foreign  Freight  Broker." 
J.  W.  McLachlan  of  Boston:  "The  Freight  Dept.  of  a  S.  S.  Company." 

Factory  Problems  and  the  Taylor  System 

L.  H,  Ballou  of  Walpole:  "Distribution  of  Indirect  Expense." 

Carl  G.  Barth  of  Philadelphia:  "Stores.     Cost." 

J.  C.  Barth  of  Philadelphia:  "Barth  Slides,  Rules,  and  Standardization  and 
Maintenance  Necessary  to  their  Effective  Use." 

N.  G.  Burleigh  of  Dartmouth  College:  "History  of  Development  of  Scientific 
Management  at  Winchester  Repeating  Arms  Co." 

Theo.  Clark:   "Coordination  of  Sales  and  Production." 

Theo.  Clark  of  Bangor,  Maine:  "Standardization  of  the  Work  of  the  Main- 
tenance Department." 

Wallace  Clark  of  New  York:  "Gantt  Methods." 

F.  G.  Coburn  of  Scituate :  "  Difficulties  in  Developing  Scientific  Management." 

G.  F.  Covert  of  Rochester:  "Sales  Engineering." 
H.  S.  Person  of  New  York:  "Control." 
E.  H.  Schell  of  Technology:  "Emerson  Methods." 

H.  L.  Smith  of  New  Haven:  "Functional  Organization  of  Winchester  Repeat- 
ing Arms  Company." 

D.  J.  Walsh  of  Boston:  "Order  of  Work." 

Labor  Technique 

Daniel  Bloomfield  of  Boston:  "Labor  Relations  in  the  Shipbuilding  Industry." 
C.  C.  Burlingame  of  South  Manchester,  Conn.:    "Service  Work  for  Em- 
ployees." 
Boyd  Fisher  of  Boston:    "The  Past,  Present  and  Future  of  Labor  Manage- 
ment." 
Gorton  James  of  Boston:  "Employee's  Pensions." 

Robert  List  of  Boston:  "Hiring  Problems  of  Mercantile  Establishments." 
Frank  M.  Marsh  of  Boston:  "The  Labor  Manager's  Qualifications  and  Duties." 
Franklyn  Meine  of  Framingham:   "Transfers  and  Promotions." 
Ben  D.  Rogers  of  East  Walpole:  "Hiring  the  Working  Force." 
Ordway  Tead  of  New  York:  "Arousing  the  Worker's  Interest  in  His  Work." 
Ralph  G.   Wells  of  Boston:    "The  Labor  Audit."     "Foremen's  Training 
Courses." 

Labor  Problems 

K.  M.  Bradley  of  Lynn:  "The  Operation  of  the  Shop  Representation  Plan  at 

the  Lynn  Works  of  the  General  Electric  Company." 
Ordway  Tead  of  New  York:   "The  Labor  Audit."    "Job  Analysis." 

Marketing 

Robert  Amory  of  Boston:  "Problem  of  a  Textile  Mill." 
Howard  Coonley  of  South  Boston:  "Sales  Promotion  Problem." 
Harry  R.  Wellman  of  Dartmouth  College:   "The  Problem  of  the  Mail  Order 
Business." 


GRADUATE   SCHOOL   OF   BUSINESS   ADMINISTRATION      155 

Retail  Store  Management 
Corlos  B.  Clark  of  Detroit:  "The  Retail  Method  of  Accounting." 
George  E.  Cole  of  Cambridge:  "Stock  Shortages." 

D.  E.  Moeser  of  Boston:  "Merchandise  Control." 
M.  W.  Osgood  of  Boston:  "An  Organization  Problem." 
Philip  Reilley  of  New  York:  "Personnel  Problems  in  Department  Stores." 
Harold  Young  of  Washington:    "Taxation  and  Legislation  regarding  Retail 

Stores." 

Advertising 
Frank  A.  Black  of  Boston:  "Retail  Advertising." 
C.  C.  Eaton  of  Cambridge:   "The  Advertising  and  Publicity  of  the  General 

Electric  Co." 
L.  F.  Hamilton  of  South  Boston:    "Coordination  of  Personal  Salesmanship 

and  Advertising." 
J.  J.  Morgan  of  Boston:  "Advertising  Campaign  Problem." 

Sales  Management 
Charles  F.  Abbott  of  New  York:  "Sales  Research." 
W.  W.  Duncan  of  Watertown:  "Problems  in  Sales  Organization." 
W.  P.  Jackson  of  Watertown:  "Problems  in  Development  of  Sales  Organiza- 
tion." 
William  Maxwell  of  New  Jersey:  "Training  of  Salesmen." 
J.  P.  H.  Perry  of  New  York:  "Problems  in  Marketing  of  Concrete  Buildings." 
H.  S.  Person  of  New  York:  "Sales  Engineering." 

Thesis  and  Research 
T.  J.  D.  Fuller  of  Boston:  "The  Export  Commission  House:  Its  Opportunities 
for  the  Young  Man  entering  Foreign  Trade." 

E.  W.  Hulet  of  Cleveland:  "Coordination  of  Sales  and  Production." 
J.  0.  McKinsey  of  New  York:  "Budget  Accounting." 
J.  E.  Masters  of  Boston:  "The  Accounting  Profession." 
Thomas  H.  White  of  Cleveland:  "Coordination  of  Sales  and  Production." 

Railroad  Operation 
G.  M.  Basford  of  New  York:    "Economics  through  Installation  of  Modern 
Devices  on  Locomotives." 

Traffic  Management 
J.  H.  Butler  of  New  York:  "Loss  and  Damage  Claims  —  Express  Service." 
W.  H.  Chandler  of  Boston:  "The  Traffic  Bureau  of  a  Chamber  of  Commerce." 
Benjamin  F.  Curtis  of  Worcester:   "Industrial  Traffic  Management." 
George  H.  Eaton  of  Boston;  "The  Ten  Class  Rate  Scale." 
J.  D.  Hashagen  of  Boston:  "Functions  of  the  Industrial  Traffic  Management." 

"Ocean  Transportation." 
J.  H.  Hustis,  Jr.,  of  New  York:  "Freight  Claim  Prevention." 
Wilbur  L.  LaRoe  of  Boston:   "Preparation  of  Rate  Cases  for  the  Interstate 

Commerce  Commission." 
L.  A.  Norman  of  Boston:  "The  Bill  of  Lading." 
Edgar  J.  Rich  of  Boston:  "Principles  Underlying  Rate  Making." 
J.  Eliot  Slater  of  New  Haven:  "The  Boston  Switching  Rate  Case." 
Charles  H.  Tiffany  of  Boston:  "The  Differential  Rate  Structure." 


156      GRADUATE   SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS   ADMINISTRATION 


Income  Taxation 

Henry  N.  Andrews  of  Boston:  "Duties  of  Fiduciaries." 

Henry  H.  Bond  of  Boston:  "Appeals  at  Washington."   "Relief  Provisions.' 

Ripley  L.  Dana  of  Boston:  "Reorganizations." 

Clement  R.  Lamson  of  Boston:  "Invested  Capital." 

Factoky  Management  and  Shop  Accounting  Practice 

J.  P.  Jordan  of  New  York:  "Graphic  Production  Control." 
Louis  F.  Musil  of  New  York:  "Budget  Practice." 

Industrial  Management 

Arthur  H.  Carver  of  Chicago:  "Industrial  Relations." 

W.  H.  Ham  of  Connecticut:  "Housing." 

F.  C.  Hood  of  Watertown:  "Labor." 

Arthur  D.  Little  of  Cambridge:  "Research." 

Dr.  Wade  Wright  of  Boston:  "Industrial  Medicine." 


THE  SCHOOL  OF  ARCHITECTURE 

To  the  President  of  the  University:  — 

Sir,  —  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  a  report  on  the  School  of 
Architecture  for  the  academic  year  1920-21. 

The  registration  was  as  follows : 

Travelling  Fellows  in  Europe 4 

Regular  students 31 

Special  students 7 

This  shows  a  gain  of  eight  regular  students  and  a  loss  of  five 
special  students  as  compared  with  the  year  1919-20. 

Besides  the  graduate  students,  28  different  undergraduates 
took  those  of  our  courses  which  are  open  to  them,  and  their  total 
registration  was  52. 

The  unusual  number  of  Travelling  Fellows  in  Europe  is  due  to 
the  fact  that  men  who  had  won  fellowships  earlier  were  not  able 
to  take  advantage  of  them  during  the  troubled  period  of  the  War 
and  for  some  time  thereafter. 

The  regular  students  were  graduates  of  the  following  colleges 
and  technical  schools: 

Dartmouth  College 1 

Harvard  University 20 

Louisville,  University  of 1 

Minnesota,  University  of 2 

Occidental  College 1 

Princeton  University 1 

Ripon  College 1 

Texas,  University  of 1 

Wisconsin,  University  of 1 

Yale  College 2 

The  enrolment  of  students  in  the  several  courses  was  as  follows : 
Arch.  la. 


Arch.  16. 
Arch.  lc. 
Arch.  26. 


Undergraduates .  . . 

Graduates 

Undergraduates .  . . 

Graduates 

Undergraduates.  . . 

Graduates 

Undergraduates .  .  . 
Graduates 

..   14 
..     6 
..     5 
..   12 
..   12 
..   13 
..     6 
..     3 

Arch.  2c. 

Arch.  3a. 

Arch.  36. 
Arch.  3c1. 
Arch.  3c2. 
Arch.  3d1 

Undergraduates .  . . 

Graduates 

Undergraduates .  . . 

Graduates 

ii 

...     6 
...13 
...     4 
...15 
...     4 

a 
it 

...13 

...20 

..   17 

157 


158  THE  SCHOOL  OF  ARCHITECTURE 

Arch.  3d2.  Graduates 9        Arch.  5a.  Graduates 11 

Arch.  Ze\         "         19        Arch.  56.           "         16 

Arch.  3e2.          "         24        Arch.  5c.           "         10 

Arch.  3/].          "         13        Arch.  6a.           "         15 

Arch.  3/2.          "         6        Arch.  66.           "         12 

Arch.  4a.  Undergraduates 5         Arch.  6c.           "         8.j 

Graduates 8        Arch.  9.            "         22 

Arch.  46.           "         18        Arch.  10.           "         20 

Arch.  4c.  "         10 

Construction  Problems  25 

Historic  Problems    27 

The  enrolment  of  students  in  the  Summer  School  courses  in 
Architectural  Design  in  1921  was  as  follows: 

S4a 9 

S46 11 

S4c 9 

Total 29 

The  degree  of  Master  in  Architecture  was  granted  in  June, 
1921,  to: 

Frederick   Stillman   Kingsbury,    S.B.    1914.     (Thesis,    "An   Island 

Estate.") 
William  George  O'Toole,  S.B.  (Univ.  of  Louisville)  1918.    (Thesis,  "A\ 

Stock  Exchange.") 
Kenneth  Kingsley  Stowell,  S.B.   (Dartmouth  Coll.)   1916.     (Thesis, 

"A  Club  House.") 

Mr.  Kingsbury  also  finished  his  work  for  the  degree  of  Master 
in  Landscape  Architecture  at  the  same  time,  the  two  staffs  co- 
operating in  criticism  of  his  thesis  which  combined  architectural 
and  landscape  design. 

The  following  fellowships  and  prizes  were  awarded : 

The  Julia  Amory  Appleton  Travelling  Fellowship  to  William  George 
O'Toole,  S.B.  (University  of  Louisville)  1918. 

The  medal  of  the  American  Institute  of  Architects,  for  best  work  through- 
out his  whole  course,  to  William  George  O'Toole,  S.B.  (University  of 
Louisville)  1918. 

The  prize  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Architects  for  a  competition  in  design 
for  regular  students,  to  Lansing  Colton  Holden,  Jr.,  A.B.  (Princeton 
University)  1920;  and  for  special  students,  to  Lawrence  Anthony 
Kruse. 

The  scholarships  for  special  students  (won  by  a  competition  in  design)  tc 
William  Stephen  Boice,  Edwin  Burger  Olsen,  and  Emil  Arvo  Lehti. 

The  increase  in  expenses  of  travelling  in  Europe,  caused  by  th( 
War,  has  made  it  necessary  for  us  to  reduce  the  time  required  ol 


THE  SCHOOL  OF  ARCHITECTURE  159 

our  travelling  fellows  from  twenty-four  months  to  eighteen  months. 
This  action  was  regretted,  but  it  did  not  seem  feasible  to  increase 
the  stipends  enough  to  support  the  fellows  for  the  full  two  years. 
The  accessions  to  the  Library  during  the  year  and  the  totals  at 
the  end  of  the  year  were  as  follows: 

Accessions         Totals 

Books,  bound  periodicals,  and  bound  pamphlets ....  140  2,705 

Unbound  pamphlets 9  218 

Lantern  slides 61  9,646 

Photographs 87  19,770 


Mrs.  Robert  S.  Peabody,  widow  of  the  well-known  Boston  archi- 
tect and  Overseer  of  the  University,  presented  the  School  with 
Ongania's  "Basilica  of  S.  Mark,  Venice"  —  a  very  complete  and 
beautiful  collection  of  illustrations  of  this  cathedral. 

The  Summer  School  courses  in  Architectural  Design  continue 
to  prove  valuable  as  giving  our  own  students  opportunity  to  hasten 
their  progress  through  the  School,  and  also  as  giving  opportunities 
in  advanced  design  for  instructors  as  well  as  students  from  other 
schools. 

Joint  problems  in  design  for  our  School,  the  Department  of  Archi- 
tecture at  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  and  the 
Boston  Architectural  Club  have  continued  throughout  the  year. 
These  problems  have  served  to  stimulate  the  interest  of  all  the 
students  taking  part,  and  have  given  them  means  of  comparing  their 
work  with  that  of  students  of  other  schools  on  the  same  problems. 
The  problems  have  been  judged  by  a  common  jury  of  representa- 
tives from  the  three  staffs  and  the  discussions  at  the  judgments 
have  been  of  great  value  to  the  instructors  themselves. 

At  the  request  of  Dean  Holmes  of  the  Graduate  School  of  Edu- 
cation, our  students  took  for  one  of  their  problems  in  design  a 
proposed  building  for  that  School.  For  another  problem  they 
studied  a  scheme  for  possible  dormitories  for  the  University.  In 
neither  of  these  cases  were  the  students  expected  to  produce  com- 
pletely developed  designs  which  would  furnish  an  accurate  basis 
les.  for  estimating  costs,  nor  did  they  take  the  place  of  the  work  which 
the  architect  will  have  to  do  later,  but  they  did  perhaps  help  the 
"client"  to  better  formulate  his  own  ideas,  and  they  certainly 
added  a  reality  to  the  problems  which  inspired  our  students.  Rec- 
ognizing the  limitations,  therefore,  we  should  be  glad  to  offer  our 
students  other  opportunities  of  the  same  kind  whenever  the  build- 
ing problem  is  one  which  is  fitted  to  their  capacity. 


iinf 
k 

aste 
sc( 
tuii 


,1:111. 

M 


160  THE  SCHOOL  OF  ARCHITECTURE 

During  the  summer  the  Library  of  the  School  of  Architecture 
was  greatly  increased  in  capacity  by  changes  and  additions  in  the 
cases,  made  possible  by  the  generous  gift  of  Mr.  Nelson  Robinson. 

During  the  year,  the  Chairman  of  the  School  was  appointed  to 
represent  the  American  Institute  of  Architecture  in  cooperation 
with  the  Committee  appointed  by  Herbert  Hoover,  Secretary  of 
Commerce,  to  investigate  certain  phases  of  the  building  industry 
in  the  hopes  of  obtaining  greater  economy.  The  members  of  the 
main  Committee  included  Joseph  R.  Worcester,  A.B.  1882,  engi- 
neer, of  Boston,  and  Edwin  H.  Brown,  A.B.  1896,  architect,  of 
Minneapolis. 

CHARLES  W.  KILLAM,  Chairman. 


THE  SCHOOL  OF  LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


To  the  President  of  the  University: 

Sir,  —  As  Chairman  of  the  School  of  Landscape  Architecture,  I 
have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report  for  the  academic 
year  1920-21. 

Besides  four  travelling  fellows,  our  registrations  numbered 
twenty-eight  resident  students,  of  whom  twenty-six  were  regular 
students  (candidates  for  our  degree)  and  two  were  special  students. 
This  total  of  thirty-two  *  professional  students  had  never  been 
exceeded,  and  had  been  equalled  only  in  1913-14  and  1919-20. 
Deducting  the  two  specials  admitted  without  degrees,  the  remain- 
ing thirty  men,  though  more  held  degrees  from  Harvard  College 
than  in  any  previous  year,  held  degrees  from  as  many  as  twenty- 
two  different  institutions  (five  of  these  institutions  appearing  in 
our  list  for  the  first  time),  as  follows: 

Baldwin-Wallace  College 

Bucknell  University 

Cornell  University 

Dartmouth  College 

Grinnell  College 

Harvard  University 

Iowa  State  College 

Kansas  State  Agricultural  College 

Lafayette  College 

Lehigh  University 

Massachusetts  Agricultural  College 

Oberlin  College 

Ohio  State  University 

Pennsylvania  State  College 

Syracuse  University 

University  of  California ■ 

University  of  Maine 

University  of  Michigan 

University  of  Wisconsin 

Western  Reserve  University  (Adelbert  College) 

Williams  College 

Yale  University 


Total 33 

Names  counted  more  than  once 3 

*  These  figures  differ  from  those  in  the  University  Catalogue  of  Names  for  1920-21,  which 
omit  four  students  entering  later  in  the  year. 

161 


162 


THE  SCHOOL  OF  LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 


Four  were  receiving  aid  from  the  Federal  Board  for  Vocational 
Education.  Seven  were  already  graduates  of  courses  in  Landscape 
Architecture,  and  four  were  graduate  engineers  who  for  some  years 
had  been  practising  that  profession.  As  usual,  considerably  more 
than  half  had  already  had  practical  experience  in  the  profession, 
some  in  independent  practice. 
The  enrolments  in  courses  were  as  follows: 


Land.  Arch.    1. 


Land.  Arch. 
Land.  Arch. 
Land.  Arch. 
Land.  Arch. 
Land.  Arch. 
Land.  Arch. 
Land.  Arch. 
Land.  Arch. 
Land.  Arch.  10. 
Land.  Arch.  11. 
Land.  Arch.  12. 

Land.  Arch.  13. 
Land.  Arch.  14. 
Land.  Arch.  15. 
Land.  Arch.  16. 
Land.  Arch.  20. 


Graduates 12 

Undergraduates* 8  20 

Graduates 15 

14 

13 

8 

7 

10 

7 

7 

17 

13 


Undergraduates! 
Graduates 


3 
9 
7 
10 
6 


(not  given). 


The  only  noteworthy  change  from  the  previous  year  in  this  list  of 
courses  is  the  appearance,  for  the  first  time  as  such,  of  Course  13, 
previously  known  as  Architecture  2a,  though  given  solely  for 
students  of  Landscape  Architecture,  and  of  Courses  14,  15,  and 
16,  which  cover  the  first,  second,  and  third  years  of  freehand 
drawing. 

Early  in  October,  1920,  Raymond  Hill  Wilcox,  S.B.,  M.L.A.,  of 
Detroit,  Michigan,  Charles  Eliot  Travelling  Fellow  for  1916-17, 
the  exercise  of  whose  fellowship  had  been  postponed  till  February, 
1920,  returned  to  this  country,  and  has  since  filed  with  the  School 
an  interesting  thesis  embodying  many  of  the  more  important  re- 
sults of  his  studies  of  Formal  Gardens,  in  Italy,  France,  and  Eng- 
land, as  our  first  Charles  Eliot  Fellow.  On  January  4,  Raymond 
White  Blanchard,  A.B.,  M.L.A.,  of  Somerville,  Massachusetts, 
Charles  Eliot  Fellow  for  the  year  1920-21,  sailed  for  Europe  to 
study  Public  Parks  in  France,  Italy,  Austria,  Germany,  Holland, 
Belgium,  and  England.   He  has  now  returned  to  France,  where  he 

*  Course  1,  as  previously,  was  open  to  Seniors  and  Juniors  in  Harvard  College. 

t  Course  12  is  a  summer  course  open  without  special  preparation  to  .undergraduates. 


THE  SCHOOL  OF  LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE  163 

is  preparing  his  thesis,  being  at  the  same  time  employed  by  the 
American  Graves  Registration  Service  of  the  United  States  War 
Department,  developing  working  drawings  for  the  execution  of 
designs  which  have  been  prepared  under  the  direction  of  Major 
George  Gibbs,  Jr.,  one  of  our  earlier  graduates,  for  the  American 
Cemeteries  in  France  and  England.  About  the  first  of  March, 
Elbert  Peets,  A.B.,  M.L.A.,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  Charles  Eliot 
Fellow  for  1917-18,  continued  till  1920-21,  returned  after  about 
ten  months'  study  of  the  Relation  of  Monumental  Buildings  to 
the  City  Plan  in  the  more  important  cities  of  western  Europe. 
On  June  25,  Arthur  Hadden  Alexander,  S.B.,  M.L.A.,  of  Wellesley, 
Massachusetts,  Sheldon  Travelling  Fellow  in  Landscape  Archi- 
tecture for  1920-21,  arrived  back  in  New  York  after  eleven  months' 
study  of  the  Small  Home  Lot  and  Garden  in  France,  Italy,  and 
especially  England.  Mr.  Alexander's  and  Mr.  Peets's  theses  on 
their  respective  subjects  had  not  been  completed  at  the  end  of  the 
year  under  review.  The  competition  for  the  Charles  Eliot  Fellow- 
ship for  1921-22  was  held  in  July,  1921,  and  was  won  by  William 
Richard  Sears,  S.B.  (Mass.  Agric.  Coll.)  1915,  M.L.A.  (Harvard 
Univ.)  1920,  of  Woburn,  Massachusetts. 

The  Degree  of  Master  in  Landscape  Architecture  was  granted 
at  Commencement  to  eight  men,  the  largest  number  in  any  one 
year  thus  far,  as  follows: 


r| 


Tracy  Baldwin  Augur,  A.B.  (Cornell  Univ.)  1917,  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
(Graduating  Thesis  in  Design,  "An  Industrial  Subdivision  for  Medium- 
Cost  Residences  at  North  Andover,  Mass.";  Research  Thesis  in  City 
Planning,  "Garden  Cities  for  America,  a  Logical  Step  in  Industrial 
and  Urban  Progress.") 

Harvey  Hiram  Cornell,  S.B.  (Iowa  State  Coll.)  1916,  of  Los  Angeles, 
Cal.  (Graduating  Thesis  in  Design,  "A  Recreation  Park  in  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.";  Research  Thesis  in  City  Planning,  "The  Park  System 
in  Relation  to  the  City  Plan.") 

Prentiss  French,  A.B.  (Williams  Coll.)  1917,  of  Williamstown,  Mass. 
(Graduating  Thesis  in  Design,  "A  Memorial  Community  Center  in 
Somerville,  Mass.";  Research  Thesis  in  City  Planning,  "Building 
Lines.") 

Kenneth  Alexander  Gardner,  A.B.  (Harvard  Coll.)  1916,  of  Somer- 
ville, Mass.  (Graduating  Thesis  in  Design,  "A  Country  Estate  in 
Topsfield,  Mass.";  Research  Thesis  in  City  Planning,  "Zoning.") 

George  French  Ingalls,  A.B.  (Dartmouth  Coll.)  1915,  of  Waukegan,  111. 
(Graduating  Thesis  in  Design,  "The  Reorganization  of  a  Seashore 
Estate  in  Cohasset,  Mass.";  Research  Thesis  in  City  Planning,  "City 
Approaches.") 


104  THE  SCHOOL  OP  LANDSCAPE   ARCHITECTURE 

Frederick  Stillman  Kingsbury,  S.B.  {Harvard  Coll.)  1914,  of  Needham, 
Mass.  {Graduating  Thesis  in  Design,  "A  Palatial  Island  Estate  in 
Bermuda ' '  —  part  of  a  two-fold  conjunctive  thesis  for  both  this 
degree  and  the  degree  of  Master  in  Architecture;  Research  Thesis  in 
City  Planning,  "The  Metropolitan  Plan.") 

Guy  Hunter  Lee,  A.B.  {Harvard  Coll.)  1916,  of  Chestnut  Hill,  Mass. 
{Graduating  Thesis  in  Design,  "A  Small  Suburban  Place  in  Newton, 
Mass.";  Research  Thesis  in  City  Planning,  "The  Preservation  of 
the  Individuality  of  Cities.") 

Joseph  Fradley  Whitney,  S.B.  {Mass.  Agricultural  Coll.)  1917,  of 
Westminster,  Mass.  {Graduating  Thesis  in  Design,  "An  Industrial 
Subdivision  for  Low-Cost  Residences  at  Chestnut  Hill,  Mass.";  Re- 
search Thesis  in  City  Planning,  "City  Boundaries.") 

Including  the  above  eight,  fifty-one  awards  of  the  M.L.A.  Degree 
have  now  been  made. 

In  June,  1921,  Assistant  Professor  Henry  Vincent  Hubbard, 
whose  second  five-year  term  as  Assistant  Professor  was  about  to 
expire,  was  appointed  Professor  of  Landscape  Architecture  from 
September  1,  1921;  and,  during  the  year  covered  by  this  report, 
Mr.  Harold  Broadfield  Warren,  who  had  for  some  years  taught 
freehand  drawing  to  our  students  of  Landscape  Architecture,  was 
formally  attached  to  our  staff  while  still  retaining  his  position  in 
the  School  of  Architecture,  and  Mr.  Kenneth  John  Conant,  In- 
structor in  the  School  of  Architecture,  became  also  Instructor  in 
Architectural  Design  in  our  School  of  Landscape  Architecture. 
The  members  of  the  Council  of  the  School  for  the  year  1920-21 
were  as  follows : 

James  Sturgis  Pray,  A.B.,  Charles  Eliot  Professor  of  Landscape  Archi- 
tecture, and  Chairman  of  the  Council  of  the  School  of  Landscape 
Architecture. 

Henry  Vincent  Hubbard,  A.M.,  S.B.,  Assistant  Professor  of  Landscape 
Architecture. 

Bremer  Whidden  Pond,  S.B.,  M.L.A.,  Instructor  in  Landscape  Archi- 
tecture. 

Stephen  Francis  Hamblin,  S.B.,  Instructor  in  Horticulture. 


Harold  Broadfield  Warren,  Instructor  in  Freehand  Drawing. 
Kenneth  John  Conant,  A.B.,   M.Arch.,   Instructor  in  Architectural 
Design. 

of  whom  all  were  in  residence  throughout  the  academic  year. 

Among  the  speakers  outside  the  School's  staff  at  our  afternoon 
" round-tables"  and  before  evening  meetings  of  the  Topiarian 
Club  were  Mr.  Guy  H.  Lee  of  the  graduating  class  on  "The  Har- 
vard Unit  in  France";    Mr.  Percival  Gallagher,  F.A.S.L.A.,  of 


THE    SCHOOL   OF    LANDSCAPE    ARCHITECTURE  165 


Olmsted  Brothers,  Landscape  Architects,  on  "The  Origins  of  the 
Boston  Park  System";  Dr.  John  Nolen,  F.A.S.L.A.,  on  " Control 
of  the  City's  Fringe";  Mr.  Charles  F.  Cheney,  Town  Planning 
Adviser  to  the  City  of  Portland,  Oregon,  on  "The  Planning  and 
Zoning  of  Portland,  Oregon";  Mr.  Ailing  S.  DeForest,  F.A.S.L.A., 
former  Secretary  of  the  American  Society  of  Landscape  Archi- 
tects, on  "Problems  in  Estate  and  Park  Design"  illustrated  by 
special  slides  from  direct  color  photographs;  and  Mr.  Joseph  Lee, 
President  of  the  Playground  Association  of  America,  on  "Play- 
grounds." 

The  Annual  Trophy  Competition,  open  as  usual  to  all  students 
in  the  School  taking  courses  in  Landscape  Design,  was  held  in 
January,  and  was  won  by  Tracy  Baldwin  Augur,  A.B.,  of  Brook- 
lyn, New  York,  a  second-year  student.  In  the  spring,  the  "Home 
Beautiful"  Exposition  in  Boston  offered  three  prizes  for  the  best 
design  of  "Suburban  Home  Grounds."  There  were  in  all  about 
thirty  contestants  representing  several  schools  or  departments  of 
Landscape  Architecture  throughout  the  country  and  certain  firms 
of  landscape  architects,  and  the  Jury  consisted  of  three  members 
of  the  American  Society  of  Landscape  Architects.  The  first  prize, 
It  $100,  was  awarded  to  Malcolm  Howard  Dill,  a  first-year  student 
in  our  School;  the  second,  $50,  to  Tracy  Baldwin  Augur,  a  second- 
year  student;  the  third,  $20,  to  Hale  Junius  Walker,  who  gradu- 
ated from  our  School  in  1920 ;  and  an  Honorable  Mention  was  given 
to  Charles  William  Eliot,  2d,  a  first-year  student.  About  the  same 
time,  a  competition  was  offered  by  the  Women's  National  Farm 
and  Garden  Association  in  Chicago  for  the  best  design  of  "A 
Formal  Garden  for  an  Invalid";  and  the  first  prize  was  won,  also, 
by  Hale  Junius  Walker,  M.L.A.  1920. 

Among  the  many  interesting  exhibitions  held  at  the  School  dur- 
ing the  year  were  an  exhibition  of  Survey  Plans  for  Flint,  Michigan, 
lent  by  Dr.  John  Nolen,  Landscape  Architect,  and  a  special  travel- 
ling exhibition,  prepared  by  the  writer  for  the  organization,  La 
Renaissance  des  Cites,  of  illustrations  of  the  devastated  regions 
in  France  and  of  projects  for  rebuilding  certain  of  the  destroyed 
communities.  Outside  the  School,  the  work  of  our  students  was 
exhibited  in  October,  at  the  annual  convention  of  the  American 
Civic  Association,  held  this  year  in  Amherst,  Massachusetts,  and 
devoted  to  rural  and  regional  planning;  and,  in  February,  at  the 
Art  Institute  in  Chicago,  and  at  the  joint  exhibition  in  Boston  of 
the  Boston  Society  of  Architects,  the  Boston  Society  of  Landscape 
^chitects,  and  the  Boston  Architectural  Club. 


)ort 

iigli 

mil 


to 


Ard 


166  THE   SCHOOL   OF    LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

In  the  course  of  the  year,  a  further  honor  was  bestowed  upon 
our  already  distinguished  Librarian,  Miss  Theodora  Kimball,  by 
her  election  to  Associate  Membership  in  the  Town  Planning  In- 
stitute of  Great  Britain.  Miss  Kimball  is  the  only  woman  thus 
far  to  receive  this  signal  recognition. 

The  year  was  one  of  uniquely  important  gifts  to  the  Library, 
including  the  greater  part  of  the  professional  library  of  Charles 
Eliot,  Landscape  Architect,  given  by  Mrs.  Charles  Eliot;  the 
Charles  Mulford  Robinson  Memorial  City-Planning  Library,  com- 
prising Mr.  Robinson's  entire  professional  collections,  given  by 
Mrs.  Robinson;  and  a  very  interesting  collection  of  plans  prepared, 
in  the  course  of  his  professional  practice,  by  Nathan  Franklin 
Barrett,  one  of  the  comparatively  early  landscape  architects  in 
this  country,  who  was  at  one  time  President  of  the  American  So- 
ciety of  Landscape  Architects.  The  deposit,  by  the  American 
Society  of  Landscape  Architects,  of  current  plans  and  reports  has 
continued  and  in  larger  volume  than  in  any  previous  year.  Thus 
our  Library  has  been  further  greatly  strengthened  as  a  center  of 
research  in  the  field  of  Landscape  Architecture,  and  especially  in 
City  Planning.  From  Mr.  Nelson  Robinson,  to  whom  the  School 
was  so  greatly  indebted  already,  came,  moreover,  the  further  most 
timely  gift  of  a  gallery  for  the  Library,  in  which,  as  soon  as  it  can 
be  built,  will  be  placed  the  above  mentioned  memorial  collections. 
The  year's  accessions  to  our  various  collections,  and  the  totals  of 
these  collections  at  the  end  of  the  year,  not  including  anything 
from  the  Charles  Mulford  Robinson  collections,  were  as  follows: 

Accessions  Totals 

Books  and  continuations 414  2,901 

Pamphlets 792  3,342 

Maps  and  plans,  including  those  deposited  indefi- 
nitely by  the  American  Society  of  Landscape 

Architects,  approx 525  4,000 

Photographs,  approx 218  4,700 

Postcards,  approx 150  14,000 

Lantern  slides 184  4,644 

Models 0  5 

As  usual,  a  considerable  number  of  selected  bibliographies  and 
publications  were  issued,  among  them  being  "  Municipal  Accom- 
plishment in  City  Planning  and  Published  City  Plan  Reports  ic 
the  United  States,"  edited  by  T.  Kimball  and  published  under  the 
auspices  of  the  National  Conference  on  City  Planning;  and  the 
annual  " Review  of  City  Planning  in  the  United  States,"  preparec 
by  T.  Kimball  for  "The  National  Municipal  Review"  and  sub 


THE  SCHOOL  OF  LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE  167 

sequently  reprinted.    The  writer  also  published,  in  " Parks  and 
Recreation,"  "Railroad  Grounds,  a  Study  of  their  Design,  Plant- 
!ln"   ing,  and  Relation  to  the  Community";  and,  in  "Landscape  Archi- 
18    tecture,"  a  "Minute  on  the  Life  and  Service  of  Charles  Pierpont 
Punchard,  Jr."  (the  Landscape  Engineer  to  the  National  Parks, 
rarjl   and  a  former  student  in  our  School) . 
e|     On  the  evening  of  April  5,  the  Boston  Society  of  Landscape 
e  Architects  held  its  monthly  meeting  at  Robinson  Hall,  the  writer 
com'  speaking  on  "The  Present  Status  of  Professional  Instruction  in 
'   Landscape  Architecture  in  this  Country";  other  members  giving 
ared|  illustrated  talks  on  actual  problems  in  their  professional  practice  ; 
I1  and  the  meeting  being  open  to  all  members  of  our  School.  On  June 
ts  1E  25,  26,  and  27,  the  National  Conference  on  Instruction  in  Land- 
3,  °  scape  Architecture  held  its  second  meeting  at  Harvard  by  invita- 
ncai  tion  of  our  School,  and  the  writer  was  re-elected  Chairman  for 
stias  this  meeting  and  for  the  ensuing  year.    As  before,  the  Standing 
^  Committee  on  Education  of  the  American  Society  of  Landscape 
er  °'  Architects  met  with  the  Conference,  which  included  representa- 
'v11  tives  from  institutions  all  over  the  country.   Reports  of  many  of 
mi  the  committees  were  of  exceptional  value  in  furthering  the  develop- 
mos!  ment  of  instruction  in  Landscape  Architecture  along  desirable 
"ai  lines. 

[m      Several  of  our  students  participated,  during  the  summer  and 
a'sr  fall,  in  the  work  of  the  American  Students'  Reconstruction  As- 
p'»  bociation  (which  replaced  the  Harvard  Reconstruction  Unit  of 
s:    the  year  previous)  in  the  devastated  regions  of  France,  and  one  of 
i     them,  who  had  had  some  city  planning  and  was  in  demand,  there- 
fore, as  an  urbaniste,  was  called  on  to  work  out  the  details  of  the 
aew  plan  for  Verdun,  especially  for  those  areas  occupied  by  the 
jld  walls  and  moats  which  in  places  are  to  be  completely  demol- 
00     shed  in  order  to  provide  areas  for  the  homes,  factories,  and  play- 
00    grounds  of  those  who  will  be  deprived  of  land  in  the  town's  midst 
by  street-widening  and  the  creation  of  new  squares. 
1   During  August  and  September  the  writer,  under  the  special 
jtuspices  of  the  National  Park  Service  and  the  National  Forest 
»   Service,  made  a  rapid  professional  reconnaissance  of  eight  of  the 
National  Parks,  various  of  the  National  Monuments,  and  many 
»f  the  National  Forests.    He  also  visited  the  municipal  parks  of 
Seattle,  Tacoma,  Portland,  San  Francisco,  Los  Angeles,  Denver, 
nd  other  western  cities.   One  result  of  this  trip  was  the  collection 
f  much  valuable  material  for  the  School  Library. 


108  THE   SCHOOL  OF  LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE 

A  specially  noteworthy  event,  which  we  anticipate  will  prove  of 
increasing  importance  to  the  further  development  of  our  instruc- 
tion and  of  our  resources  has  been  the  creation,  by  the  Board  of 
Overseers,  of  a  separate  Visiting  Committee  to  the  School  of  Land- 
scape Architecture,  and  the  appointment  to  that  committee  of 
men  distinguished  in  the  practice  of  Landscape  Architecture,  City 
Planning,  Architecture,  or  Engineering;  and  of  men  of  affairs 
interested  in  the  aims  of  our  School. 

Among  our  special  immediate  needs  are,  first,  an  appropriation 
of  two  hundred  fifty  dollars  ($250)  to  cover  honorariums  to  out- 
side lecturers;  second,  a  fund,  of  which  the  income  can  be  devoted 
to  the  publication  each  year  of  one  or  more  of  the  research  theses 
now  developed  in  the  School,  especially  within  the  field  of  City 
Planning,  these  to  appear  in  a  series  of  " Harvard  Studies"  cor- 
responding to  similar  series  in  certain  other  departments  of  the 
University.  The  School  already  has  in  its  files  more  than  fifty 
such  theses,  many  of  which,  if  they  could  be  made  generally  avail- 
able through  publication  in  this  way,  would  be  of  value  commensu- 
rate with  the  value  of  those  issued  by  other  Departments  and  would 
also  tend  distinctly  to  increase  resort  to  the  School.  A  second 
travelling  fellowship,  one  available  for  use  either  in  this  country 
or  abroad,  would  also  be  of  great  value.  Finally,  even  with  our 
present  endowment,  so  liberal  in  certain  respects,  we  still  need  a 
greater  income  for  salaries  and  enlargement  of  staff ;  for  equipment ; 
and  for  current  expenses  attendant  upon  the  efficient  running  of 
the  School  and  the  taking  advantage  of  its  ever  widening  opportu- 
nity for  service. 

JAMES  STURGIS  PRAY,  Chairman. 


THE  GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  EDUCATION 

TO   THE   PKESIDENT  OF   THE   UNIVERSITY:  — 

{Sir,  —  I  have  the  honor  to  present  the  first  report  on  the 
Graduate  School  of  Education,  covering  the  academic  year  1920- 
21. 

The  School  was  established  by  vote  of  the  Corporation,  April  12, 
1920,  and  began  its  work  the  following  September.  Instruction 
in  Education  had  been  regularly  offered  at  Harvard  since  1891, 
when  Paul  Henry  Hanus  was  appointed  Assistant  Professor  of  the 
History  and  Art  of  Teaching.  The  courses  given  by  Professor 
Hanus  were  listed  at  first  as  courses  in  Philosophy  and  it  was  more 
than  a  year  before  they  were  all  accepted  for  degrees.  They  made 
a  place  for  themselves,  however,  and  grew  gradually  in  academic 
favor,  until  in  1906  the  instructors  in  Education  —  there  were  then 
two  —  were  constituted  a  Division  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and 
Sciences.  From  time  to  time  the  staff  of  the  Division  was  increased 
by  additional  appointments  and  the  range  of  its  instruction  ex- 
tended ;  and  it  finally  became  in  effect  a  professional  school.  Mean- 
while, instruction  in  Education  had  been  developing  rapidly  in 
other  institutions  and  had  been  for  the  most  part  organized  under 
professional  faculties,  offering  chiefly  undergraduate  degrees,  but 
in  many  cases  graduate  degrees  as  well.  In  the  schools,  also, 
standards  of  professional  preparation  had  been  notably  advanced. 
The  time  seemed  ripe,  therefore,  to  establish  at  Harvard  a  distinct 
professional  faculty  in  Education,  of  graduate  grade. 

The  first  proposal  for  such  an  organization  had  been  made  by 
Professor  Hanus  as  early  as  1903.  In  was  not  until  1915,  however, 
that  the  staff  of  the  Division  of  Education,  together  with  the  Over- 
i  seers'  Committee  for  the  Division,  began,  with  the  approval  of  the 
I  Corporation,  a  serious  and  united  effort  to  secure  the  endowment 
necessary  for  a  new  professional  school.  That  effort  resulted  in  a 
fund  of  two  million  dollars,  an  initial  capital  sufficient  to  justify 
the  establishment  of  the  School,  but  not,  as  had  at  first  been  hoped, 
sufficient  to  provide  a  building. 

Towards  the  achievement  of  tins  result  the  first  and  most  im- 
portant step  was  made  when  the  General  Education  Board  pledged 
the  sum  of  $500,000,  provided  the  remaining  $1,500,000  should 


170        THE  GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  EDUCATION 

be  secured  from  other  sources.  The  Corporation  had  the  consent 
of  the  Board  to  count  toward  this  remainder  half  a  million  dollars 
out  of  the  funds  already  in  its  possession,  from  the  income  of 
which  it  was  then  defraying  the  costs  of  the  Division  of  Education. 
One  million  dollars  was  thus  contingently  in  hand  by  September, 
1919.  The  Corporation  and  the  Board  both  welcomed  heartily 
the  suggestion  that  the  Fund,  when  completed,  should  bear  the 
name  of  Charles  William  Eliot,  President  Emeritus  of  the  Uni- 
versity and  a  member  of  the  Board  from  1908  to  1917.  In  voting 
to  contribute  to  the  Fund  the  Board  was  moved  by  the  desire  to 
give  special  recognition  to  the  services  rendered  to  the  schools  of 
the  country  by  Professor  Hanus. 

It  now  became  the  object  of  the  Division  and  the  Committee  to 
secure  the  remaining  million.  A  special  campaign  was  organized 
and  approximately  $200,000  had  been  pledged,  when  the  Harvard 
Endowment  Fund  proposed  that  the  separate  campaign  for  the 
School  should  be  abandoned  and  its  object  achieved  as  a  part  of 
the  general  aim  of  the  Fund.  This  proposal  was  of  course  most 
welcome.  The  members  of  the  Division  put  their  whole  effort 
thereafter  into  the  Harvard  Endowment  Fund  campaign,  and  by 
the  terms  of  the  agreement  the  endowment  of  the  Graduate  School 
of  Education  was  assured  when  the  Fund  passed  the  $11,000,000 
mark. 

In  the  arduous  labor  of  developing  plans  for  the  School  and 
securing  an  endowment  for  it,  the  Overseers'  Committee  for  the 
Division  took  an  indispensable  and  leading  part.  It  was  to  be 
expected,  of  course,  that  those  most  vitally  concerned  with  the 
success  of  the  undertaking  —  the  President  and  Fellows  and  the 
staff  of  the  Division  —  would  give  to  it  the  necessary  effort  and 
attention;  but  it  was  the  active  support  of  the  Committee  which 
first  brought  success  within  the  range  of  possibility.  The  whole 
Committee  attended  repeated  meetings  and  devoted  itself  to  con- 
sidering the  special  problems  which  came  up  in  the  progress  of  the 
campaign;  and  several  members  were  able  to  contribute  largely 
to  the  endowment  fund. 

In  this  first  report,  the  School  records  its  gratitude  especially 
to  James  J.  Storrow,  for  unfailing  service  on  the  Committee  over 
a  long  period  of  years,  for  invaluable  counsel,  assistance,  and  en- 
couragement in  times  of  greatest  need,  and  for  his  gift  to  the 
Charles  William  Eliot  Fund;  to  Jerome  D.  Greene  for  his  leader- 
ship, as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  throughout  the  period  of 
active  work  for  the  establishment  of  the  School,  and  for  personal 


e  to 


at 
dze 

ft 


(for 


THE  GRADUATE   SCHOOL   OF    EDUCATION  171 

effort,  advice,  and  support  at  every  turn;  and  to  Felix  M.  War- 
burg for  his  gift  to  the  Fund  and  for  an  interest,  enthusiasm,  and 
well-directed  energy  which  carried  the  enterprise  through  some 
of  its  most  discouraging  difficulties. 

The  School  developed  out  of  the  Division,  and  the  work  of  the 
Division  owed  more  to  Joseph  Lee  than  to  any  other  benefactor; 

|      he  made  possible  several  expansions  of  its  instruction  and  gave  to 

Jni.  its  members  constant  inspiration;  and  in  this  he  was  joined  always 
by  Margaret  Cabot  Lee,  his  wife,  to  whom  during  her  lifetime  the 
Division  was  many  times  indebted  for  special  opportunities  it  could 

Is  a  not  otherwise  have  secured.  The  Division  owed  much  also  to  John 
F.  Moors,  who  served  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  through  the 
earlier  stages  of  the  campaign  for  the  School,  encouraged  that 
campaign  when  he  became  a  Fellow  of  the  College,  and  gave  gen- 
erously to  the  Charles  William  Eliot  Fund.  The  work  of  the  year 
1919-20,  preparatory  to  the  first  year  of  the  School,  was  greatly 
helped  by  a  gift  from  Frank  A.  Vanderlip  and  other  members  of 

os:  the  Committee;  the  progress  of  the  Bureau  of  Vocational  Guid- 
ance, as  an  organization  first  of  the  Division  and  later  of  the  School, 
was  made  possible  by  the  gifts  and  the  vision  and  leadership  of 
A.  Lincoln  Filene;  to  the  gift  of  Charles  W.  Hubbard,  made  in  1917, 

jd  the  Division  owed  its  first  advance  toward  an  endowment;  and 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  Saltonstall  on  many  occasions  and  to 
John  T.  Pratt  during  the  campaign  for  the  endowment  both  the 

rll  Division  and  the  School  have  been  indebted  for  generous  aid. 
These  are  but  the  barest  statements  of  the  obligation  which  this 

1 1|  department  of  the  University  feels  toward  persons  who  have  been 
its  most  conspicuous  benefactors. 

During  the  year  1920-21  the  organization  and  work  of  a  Psycho- 
Educational  Clinic,  under  the  direction  of  Professor  W.  F.  Dear- 
born, was  made  possible  by  the  gifts  of  Mrs.  E.  H.  Harriman, 
since  1920  a  member  of  the  Overseers'  Committee  for  the  School. 
It  was  her  wish  to  help  the  School  at  the  beginning  in  a  kind  of 
work  she  has  aided  in  other  places,  and  to  make  possible  a  new 
undertaking  rather  than  to  give  to  general  endowment. 

The  first  year  of  actual  work  under  the  new  organization  was 
necessarily  a  year  of  adjustment.  It  was  impossible  to  expand  in 
any  notable  way  the  work  already  done  by  the  Division,  for  during 
this  first  year,  and  indeed  up  to  the  moment  of  this  writing,  the 
School  has  been  obliged  to  operate  on  the  income  from  only  half 
jof  its  endowment.  This  has  been  unfortunate;  but  the  Corpora- 
tion could  not  assign  to  the  use  of  the  School  its  final  instalment 

rsoi 


cut 


172       THE  GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  EDUCATION 

from  the  Harvard  Endowment  Fund  until  a  considerable  part  of 
that  Fund  had  actually  been  paid  in.  In  an  academic  enterprise 
it  may  be  well,  to  be  sure,  that  growth  should  be  slow,  if  thereby 
it  may  be  rendered  sounder;  but  the  delay  in  the  completion  of 
the  endowment  has  the  consequence  that  the  School  must  wipe 
out  a  deficit,  accumulated  in  its  first  year,  before  it  can  consider 
expenditures  for  expansion. 

At  the  outset,  however,  certain  additions  to  the  Faculty  were 
made  and  the  beginnings  of  certain  new  work  were  undertaken. 
From  the  rank  of  Assistant  Professor  under  the  Division,  Alexander 
James  Inglis  was  made  Professor,  and  George  Ellsworth  Johnson 
and  John  Marks  Brewer,  Associate  Professors.  Edwin  Adams 
Shaw  was  added  to  the  Faculty  as  Assistant  Professor,  and  Leslie 
Olin  Cummings  and  Bancroft  Beatley  as  Instructors.  The  list  of 
Lecturers  was  extended  by  the  following  appointments:  Walter 
Elmore  Fernald  (Mental  Diagnosis  of  Children);  George  Alonzo 
Mirick  (Elementary  Education) ;  Oscar  Charles  Gallagher  (Junior 
High  School);  Arthur  Orlo  Norton  (History  of  Education); 
Charles  Swain  Thomas  (Teaching  of  English).  The  Collection  of 
Tests  and  Measures  maintained  by  the  Division  was  put  under 
the  charge  of  Lewis  Adams  Maverick;  and  Miriam  Feronia 
Carpenter  was  made  Registrar  of  the  School.  Edward  Andrews 
Lincoln  was  appointed  Assistant  in  charge  of  Clinical  Testing,  and 
in  the  course  of  the  year  William  Henry  Geer,  Director  of  Physi- 
cal Education,  and  John  Tucker  Murray,  Director  of  the  Summer 
School,  were  made  members  of  the  Faculty  of  the  School. 

The  Laboratory  of  Educational  Psychology  has  been  main- 
tained as  before,  in  connection  with  the  Psychological  Laboratory 
in  Emerson  Hall.  For  the  use  of  the  Psycho -Educational  Clinic, 
organized  for  the  study  of  children  by  means  of  the  newly  developed 
tests  of  intelligence  and  for  the  study  of  individual  development 
by  other  means,  the  Corporation  granted  to  the  School,  and  the 
School  put  into  repair,  the  Palfrey  House,  a  large,  old  dwelling 
house  on  the  Palfrey  estate,  behind  the  Engineering  Laboratory. 
The  House  is  fairly  suited  to  the  needs  of  the  Clinic,  which  has 
made  a  most  promising  beginning  in  its  special  field.  The  Bureau 
of  Vocational  Guidance  has  suffered  from  cramped  quarters  in 
Lawrence  Hall,  but  has  continued  its  productive  work,  with  special 
emphasis  on  the  analysis  of  occupational  conditions  and  the  prepa- 
ration of  materials  for  the  school  study  of  occupations. 

At  the  suggestion  and  with  the  cooperation  of  Mr.  Charles  B. 
Hayes,  Director  of  the  Division  of  the  Blind,  Massachusetts  De- 


THE  GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  EDUCATION        173 

partment  of  Education,  and  Mr.  Edward  E.  Allen,  Director  of  the 
Perkins  Institution  for  the  Blind,  an  extension  course  was  organ- 
ized on  the  Education  of  the  Blind.  The  expenses  of  the  course 
were  met  in  large  part  by  contributions  from  the  Massachusetts 
Association  for  Promoting  the  Interests  of  the  Adult  Blind  and 
from  the  Permanent  Charity  Fund.  The  course  was  well  attended 
and  is  likely  to  stand  as  the  beginning  of  a  type  of  work  which 
has  long  been  needed  but  which  has  never  heretofore  been  success- 
fully carried  on. 

A  new  curriculum  was  organized  for  teachers  and  directors  of 
physical  education,  the  only  curriculum  offered  by  the  School  for 
a  group  of  school  workers  not  adequately  provided  for  by  the 
Division.  This  addition  to  the  offering  of  the  School  was  made 
possible  by  the  cooperation  of  Professor  Roger  Lee  and  Mr.  Wil- 
liam H.  Geer,  of  the  Department  of  Physical  Education.  It  is 
m\\  difficult  to  measure  the  service  which  the  School  may  render  in 
ink  such  a  field,  for  in  physical  education,  as  in  many  other  phases  of 
ion  school  work,  there  is  need  for  the  leadership  of  men  who  have  com- 
m  bined  with  a  broad  general  education  the  best  available  technical 
ndf   training. 

The  courses  regularly  offered  by  the  Division  were  somewhat 

te   extended,  rearranged,  and  grouped  into  curricula.    A  table  ap- 

,ar   pended  to  this  report  shows  the  arrangement  of  courses  during 

k>   this  first  year  and  the  enrolment  in  them.   Lawrence  Hall,  where 

miif  most  of  the  work  of  the  School  is  done,  was  repainted  and  made 

somewhat  more  convenient.  Before  the  issue  of  the  first  catalogue 

nan  many  decisions  had  to  be  made  as  to  admission,  degrees,  scholar- 

ato:   ships,  and  similar  matters,  and  the  administrative  machinery  of 

lini  the  School  perfected.   The  organization  of  the  School  led  also  to 

lop   changes  in  the  organization  of  the  Summer  School,  which  became 

in    a,  joint  enterprise  of  the  Graduate  School  of  Education  and  the 

dt   Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences.   The  detailed  execution  of  such  ad- 

)i    justments,  important  at  a  time  of  change  in  organization,  has  been 

ti    rime-consuming.    Although  it  would  have  been  a  satisfaction  to 

i     innounce  further  additions  to  our  staff,  especially  to  the  higher 

),jr,    *anks,  at  the  very  opening  of  the  School,  the  reorganization  and 

expansions  actually  undertaken  make  a  total  change  which  is 

...     significant  and  which  has  proved  sufficiently  burdensome  to  effect. 

The  result  of  the  new  organization  was  apparent  in  a  satisfactory 

initial  enrolment.   Whereas  the  Division  had  never  enrolled  more 

j'han  107  graduate  students,  including  graduate  students  from 

ladcliffe  College,  and  of  these  107  many  were  taking  only  a  single 


174        THE  GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  EDUCATION 

course  in  Education  as  an  incident  in  their  candidacy  for  a  degree 
in  another  subject,  the  School  enrolled  161  students  during  its 
first  year,  not  counting  10  students  registered  primarily  in  the 
Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences  and  7  in  Radcliffe  College  who  were 
taking  one  or  more  courses  in  Education.  Of  these  161  students, 
133  were  candidates  for  degrees  and  44  were  devoting  their  whole 
time  to  study.  Of  the  44  whole-time  students,  31  were  men, 
and  13  women.  The  quality  of  the  entire  group  was  excellent. 
Statistics  of  enrolment  are  given  in  the  appended  tables. 

It  will  be  noted  that  31  students  in  the  Prince  School  were  candi- 
dates for  the  degree  of  Master  of  Education,  in  addition  to  the  161 
students  enrolled  in  the  Graduate  School  of  Education  itself.  The 
Prince  School  is  an  institution  for  the  training  of  directors  of  edu- 
cation in  retail  stores  and  of  teachers  of  retail-business  subjects 
in  continuation  schools,  commercial  high  schools,  and  commercial 
schools  of  college  grade.  It  was  affiliated  during  1920-21  with 
Simmons  College  and  with  the  Graduate  School  of  Education. 
It  has  been  the  hope  of  the  School  that  this  affiliation  might  develop 
into  a  complete  consolidation  of  the  Prince  School  with  our  own 
institution  and  this  possibility  is  still  under  discussion.  The 
Prince  School  students  formed  a  distinct  group,  in  the  instruction 
of  which  our  faculty  participated.  Including  this  group,  our  entire 
enrolment  for  the  year  reached  192. 

In  the  course  of  the  year  the  School  recommended  64  candidates 
for  the  Ed.M.,  one  at  mid-years  and  63  at  Commencement.   The 
Division  had  never  recommended  for  the  degree  of  A.M.  on  a  pro- , 
gramme  in  Education  more  than  21  candidates  in  a  single  year. 

It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  the  very  establishment  of  the 
School  has  met  with  an  encouraging  response.  Without  notable 
change  of  programme,  without  extensive  advertising,  and  without 
any  attempt  to  meet  demand  by  lowering  standards,  the  School 
attracted  in  its  first  year  a  group  of  graduate  students  much  larger 
than  the  Division  had  ever  attracted  and  of  fully  as  good  a  quality. 

The  degrees  offered  by  the  School  are  new  to  Harvard  and  prac- 
tically new  to  American  education  —  at  least  as  the  degrees  of  a 
university  of  high  standing.  Yet  there  has  been  very  little  question 
as  to  their  meaning  and  value.  In  its  first  year  the  School  had  111 
candidates  for  the  Master  of  Education  (Ed.M.)  and  20  candidates 
for  the  Doctor  of  Education  (Ed.D.).  Although  it  is  still  possible 
to  secure  the  Ph.D.  on  a  programme  of  studies  in  Education,  there 
were  but  two  candidates  for  the  older  degree  in  this  field,  one  of 
whom,  an  Englishman,  has  since  shifted  to  the  professional  degree  J 


THE  GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  EDUCATION       175 

on  the  advice  of  English  educators.  There  is  a  place  for  the  purely 
scholarly  study  of  Education,  and  the  professional  doctorate  itself 
demands,  of  course,  scholarship  of  an  exacting  sort;  but  our  theory 
of  the  Ed.D.  is  that  it  means  not  merely  scholarly  work,  but  the 
completion  and  fulfillment  through  such  work  of  a  period  of  pro- 
fessional training  both  general  and  special. 

It  is  important  to  observe  that  the  work  of  the  School  is  directed 
toward  a  particular  professional  group  —  the  school  workers,  both 
teachers  and  administrative  officers.  We  cannot  succeed  except 
as  we  offer  the  kind  and  grade  of  preparation  for  school  service 
which  proves  practically  valuable.  It  need  not  on  that  account 
be  narrow;  but  it  must  be  pointed.  If  the  new  degrees  were  un- 
acceptable they  would  not  be  sought;  but  here  the  name  of  the 
University  is  perhaps  an  adequate  safeguard.  If  the  work  of  the 
School  were  to  lead  to  no  genuine  increase  of  professional  power  its 
degrees  would  soon  lose  their  attractiveness.  The  School  must 
make  its  degrees  the  symbols  of  professional  readiness  —  of  broad 
intelligence  and  of  practical  skill  in  a  chosen  field.  Students  of 
Education  are  not  educators  in  a  vague  or  indefinite  sense.  They 
are  candidates  for  well-defined  careers  and  for  the  most  part  they 
have  already  started  on  those  careers.  We  do  not  train  college  or 
university  teachers  at  all,  except  college  teachers  of  Education; 
and  we  are  in  no  important  sense,  therefore,  competitors  of  the 
Graduate  School  of  Arts  and  Sciences.  The  outlook  of  the  School 
is  toward  a  distinct  and  rapidly  developing  professional  group  and 
it  is  a  satisfaction  to  find  that  the  new  professional  degrees  have 
already  found  favor  with  that  group.  The  final  condition  of  the 
success  of  the  Graduate  School  of  Education  is  the  continued  and 
increasing  demand  from  the  schools  for  college-bred  men  and 
women  with  university  professional  training. 

For  this  very  reason  the  School  faces  a  difficult  problem  in  the 
Drganization  of  its  courses  into  curricula.  Its  first  business  is  to 
nake  sure  that  its  students  are  a  selected  group,  personally  quali- 
ied  for  the  work  they  are  preparing  to  enter.  For  this  we  must 
*ely  in  general  on  our  requirements  for  admission,  although  we 
lave  a  certain  chance  for  the  correction  of  error  in  the  operation 
)f  our  appointment  service.  The  systems  of  registration  and  of 
tppointment  devised  by  Miss  Carpenter  have  proved  admirably 
idapted  to  our  uses  and  Miss  Carpenter's  report  on  appointments, 
appended  hereto,  is  the  record  of  an  activity  indispensable  to  the 
>chool.  Quite  aside,  however,  from  the  initial  selection  and  final 
placement  of  our  students,  we  must  see  to  it  that  they  secure  dur- 


176        THE  GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  EDUCATION 

ing  their  stay  in  the  School  both  a  grasp  of  the  fundamental 
principles  of  education  and  an  increase  of  power  in  a  particular 
field  of  work.  For  this  purpose  we  must  guide  their  choice  of 
courses  wisely  and  organize  our  work  with  that  end  in  view. 

If  we  had  two  years  or  more  in  which  to  accomplish  this  double 
purpose,  the  task  would  be  easier.  As  it  is,  most  of  our  students 
stay  with  us  but  a  single  year,  and  for  the  present  this  is  all  we 
can  expect.  We  cannot  permit  great  specialization  in  so  short  a 
period.  Accordingly,  we  cannot  seek  for  our  staff  specialists  on 
full-time  appointment.  Taking  a  half-course  as  the  unit  for  reck- 
oning, eight  such  units  constitute  a  year's  work  for  the  ordinary 
student.  Not  more  than  three  of  the  eight  can  profitably  be  spent 
in  preparation  for  a  special  educational  task  by  those  who  come 
to  us  for  a  single  year  and  without  previous  study  of  Education. 
A  specialist  on  our  staff  would  commonly  secure  too  few  students 
to  occupy  his  entire  time.  We  must  therefore  pursue  an  oppor- 
tunist policy  in  developing  courses  of  special  character.  Mr. 
Thomas,  who  gives  our  course  in  The  Teaching  of  English,  is  a 
teacher  of  wide  experience,  an  authority  in  his  field,  whom  we  are 
able  to  secure  as  a  Lecturer  because  his  work  with  the  Atlantic 
Monthly  Press  permits  him  to  devote  part  of  his  time  to  instruc- 
tion in  the  School.  Such  chances  we  must  take  as  they  appear 
and  others  we  must  make  through  cooperation  with  nearby  school 
systems  or  other  departments  of  the  University.  Therefore,  we 
cannot  offer  at  once  such  a  range  of  practical  training  as  might 
attract  many  students. 

Furthermore,  it  is  fundamental  to  our  purpose  that  graduates 
of  the  School  shall  have  a  broad  professional  outlook  and  this  we 
must  guarantee  by  insisting  on  the  value  of  general  courses.  But 
this  whole  situation  means  that  we  cannot  make  even  our  general 
courses  too  leisurely  or  unduly  remote  or  theoretical.  Many  of 
our  students,  fortunately,  are  not  preparing  to  be  specialists  in 
the  teaching  of  a  subject.  They  are  preparing  for  administrative 
work,  or  for  psychological  or  statistical  work,  for  the  teaching  of 
Education  in  colleges  or  normal  schools,  or  for  comparable  posts. 
Their  specialization  is  provided  for  by  the  instruction  given  by 
our  full-time  staff.  For  all  our  students,  however,  we  face  the 
problem  of  compacting  into  a  brief  period  a  training  which  shall 
be  both  broadening  and  applicable  to  a  particular  career. 

In  the  Summer  School  we  have  the  opportunity  to  offer  many 
special  courses  which  we  could  not  give  in  the  academic  year  be- 
cause we  could  not  get  the  men  to  give  them  on  the  part-time  plan 


THE   GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF   EDUCATION  177 

rhich  we  must  necessarily  adopt.  This  opportunity  we  have  seized, 
jast  summer  we  offered  30  courses,  in  which  were  enrolled  704 
budents,  of  whom  173  were  candidates  for  degrees  in  the  School, 
[n  extension  work  we  have  a  similar  opportunity.  We  can  serve 
le  special  needs  of  the  teachers  of  towns  within  easy  reach  by 
leans  of  extension  courses  of  varying  character  and  duration,  and 
)f  such  work  we  should  undoubtedly  do  more.  It  will  serve  to  at- 
•act  many  teachers  to  further  professional  study  and  subserve 
>ur  fundamental  purpose  of  raising  the  standards  of  professional 
reparation. 

The  problem  of  organization  as  it  is  presented  by  summer-school 
md  extension  teaching  is  a  problem  of  conflict  of  duties.  We  are 
ieeply  concerned  to  develop  research,  for  which  there  is  even 
:eater  need  in  Education  than  in  other  subjects.  We  cannot 
low  our  regular  courses  to  suffer.  Yet  we  ought  to  meet  the  de- 
Lands  of  teachers  and  administrators  and  unless  we  do  so  gener- 
isly  we  shall  find  our  student  body  dwindling  and  our  work 
growing  thin  for  lack  of  contact  with  the  real  problems  of  the 
schools.  With  respect  to  extension  work,  the  way  out  is  to  expand 
our  staff  so  that  most  of  us  shall  be  able  to  do  a  certain  amount 
of  extension  work,  and  to  organize  this  as  a  component  part  of 
the  work  of  the  School,  so  that  it  shall  not  threaten  the  provision 
of  time  and  means  for  research  or  for  the  teaching  of  basic  courses. 
The  need  of  organizing  our  instruction  so  that  it  may  meet  the 
varying  demands  of  a  developing  profession  thus  appears  at  every 
turn.  It  is  even  more  important  than  the  need  of  recruiting  for  the 
staff  men  of  notable  quality  or  special  training.  It  is  true  that  we 
should  gain  much  by  the  appointment  of  a  single  new  man  of  high 
reputation,  and  there  are  several  fields  in  which  new  appoint- 
ments to  the  lower  ranks  would  be  very  desirable.  Thus,  for  ex- 
ample, an  appointment  in  the  field  of  Commercial  Education 
would  be  an  important  step  in  advance.  But  almost  any  addition 
bo  our  staff  will  help  in  meeting  our  problem  of  organization.  The 
aeed  to  add  specific  courses  to  our  offering  is  not  so  pressing  as 
ijhe  need  to  add  to  the  number  of  instructors  available  for  the 
Work  already  in  view.  Extension  of  our  programme  in  any  given 
direction  is  not  so  important  as  the  general  expansion  of  our  staff. 
I  list  here  but  do  not  discuss  at  length  certain  opportunities  for 
,)he  profitable  expenditure  of  funds.  The  Library  of  the  School 
ihould  be  enlarged  and  made  more  convenient  for  the  students, 
and  the  collection  of  books  and  pamphlets  in  Education  in  the 
Jniversity  Library  should  be  enlarged  and  in  some  ways  rearranged 


178  THE   GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF   EDUCATION 

and  improved.  We  greatly  need  funds  for  scholarships  and  fellow- 
ships, especially  for  a  few  fellowships  of  large  amount  which  might 
be  assigned  to  men  who  could  spend  a  year  in  research  irrespective 
of  candidacy  for  a  degree.  A  number  of  special  research  enter- 
prises call  for  support  —  particularly  studies  of  individual  develop- 
ment which  have  been  undertaken  by  Professor  Dearborn  through 
the  Clinic  and  constructive  studies  of  tests  in  high-school  subjects 
which  Professor  Inglis  has  started.  We  stand  in  great  need  of  a 
building,  but  if  the  Business  School  could  find  new  quarters  and 
give  us  all  of  Lawrence  Hall,  the  immediate  need  of  room  for  our 
work  might  be  met.  Before  long,  however,  the  School  should  have 
a  building  of  its  own  and  with  it  a  building  for  a  school  for  children 
in  which  to  define  and  exemplify  the  best  known  organization  and 
procedure  in  elementary  and  in  secondary  education. 

We  share  a  difficulty  faced  by  all  the  professional  schools  in 
Cambridge  in  securing  living  quarters  for  students,  especially  for 
married  students.  If  it  is  possible  to  provide  through  Phillips 
Brooks  House  for  more  effective  personal  attention  to  this  need, 
that  should  be  done;  otherwise  a  cooperative  arrangement  among 
the  several  schools  may  be  desirable. 

In  the  recent  death  of  Frank  V.  Thompson,  Superintendent  of 
Schools  in  Boston  and  a  member  of  our  Overseers'  Committee, 
the  School  lost  a  warm  friend  and  an  adviser  who  would  have  been 
able  to  do  much  for  us  in  the  years  immediately  ahead.  A  graduate 
of  the  Division  of  Education,  he  had  come  into  close  contact  with 
several  of  its  members  and  had  taken  a  great  interest  in  the  develop- 
ment of  the  School.  His  whole  career  was  an  example  of  the  kind 
of  professional  service  for  which  we  are  seeking  to  prepare  our 
students. 

Professor  Paul  H.  Hanus  retired  from  active  service  at  the  end 
of  the  academic  year  1920-21  and  was  appointed  Professor  Emeri 
tus.  To  meet  a  special  need  he  taught  through  the  1921  session 
of  the  Summer  School,  although  at  the  cost  of  a  strain  he  had 
hoped  to  avoid.  For  thirty  years  Professor  Hanus  had  worked 
indefatigably  for  the  development  of  instruction  in  Education  at 
Harvard  and  had  rendered  notable  service  to  education  in  the 
Commonwealth  and  in  the  nation.  The  School  stands  as  a  monu- 
ment to  his  vision  and  his  zeal. 

HENRY  W.  HOLMES,  Dean 

November  1,  1921. 


179 


i 
an: 
01 

UN 

irei 
ail 

In 
lee 


THE   GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF   EDUCATION 


APPENDIX 

Table  I.  —  Students  in  the  Graduate  School  of 
Education;  1920-21 

Total  number  enrolled  in  the  School 161 

Men 100 

Whole  time 31 

Part  time 69 

Candidates  for  a  degree 93 

Special  students 7 

Women 

Whole  time 13 

Part  time 48 

Candidates  for  a  degree . 40 

Special  students 21 


61 


Total  whole  time  students 44 

"     part  time  students 117 


candidates  for  a  degree 133 

special  students 28 


lit  

jjjf     Prince  School  students  who  were  candidates  for  the  Ed.M 31 


le 


Table  II.  —  Degrees  held  by  Students  in  the  School; 

1920-21 


Prom 
Harvard 

From 
Radcliffe 

From 
other  institutions 

Total 

A.B 

.     19 

8 

76 

103 

S.B 

.       5 

17 

22 

Ph.B 

5 

5 

B.L 

2 

2 

A.A 

1 

1 

2 

A.M 

.     10* 

21 

31 

Ph.D 

2 

2 

S.T.B 

2 

2 

B.D 

4 

4 

Grand  tota 

i 

. .     173t 

*  Two  students  who  hold  Harvard  A.M.'s  also  hold  A.M.'s  from  other  institutions.  Of 
the  29  graduates  of  Harvard  College  enrolled  in  the  School,  6  hold  a  Harvard  A.M.  in  addi- 
tion to  a  Harvard  undergraduate  degree. 

t  This  number  represents  degrees,  not  the  students  who  hold  the  degrees.  Of  the  161 
students  enrolled  in  the  School,  97  hold  a  Bachelor's  degree  only. 


180 


THE  GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF   EDUCATION 


Table  III.  —  Colleges  and  Universities  Represented 
by  Graduates  in  the  School;  1920-21 


Albion  College 1 

Amherst  College 3 

Antioch  College 1 

Baker  University 1 

Bates  College 4 

Boston  College 3 

Boston  University 9 

Bowdoin  College 3 

Bridgewater  College 1 

Brown  University 4 

Bryn  Mawr  College 1 

Carthage  College 1 

Clark  University 3 

Colby  College 2 

College  of  William  and  Mary  ...  1 

Columbia  University 6 

Cornell  College 1 

Cornell  University 1 

Dartmouth  College 5 

Earlham  College 1 

Franklin  and  Marshall  College  . .  3 

General  Theological  Seminary ...  1 

Grinnell  College 1 

Harvard  College 29 

Haverford  College 1 

Leland  Stanford  Junior  University  1 

Massachusetts  Agricultural  Coll.  3 

Middlebury  College 2 

Mt.  Allison  College 1 

Mt.  Holyoke  College 1 

Nazarene  College 1 

New  York  University 1 

Oberlin  College 1 

Ohio  University 1 


Penn  College 1 

Pomona  College 1 

Radcliffe  College 9 

Smith  College 2 

Trinity  College  (D.  C.) 2 

Tufts  College 2 

Union  Theological  Seminary  ....     2 

University  of  California 2 

University  of  Chicago 

University  of  Denver 

University  of  Illinois 

University  of  Maine 

University  of  Minnesota 

University  of  Missouri 

University  of  Nebraska 

University  of  New  Brunswick  . . . 
University  of  North  Carolina  . . . 
University  of  North  Dakota  .... 

University  of  Pittsburgh 

University  of  Southern  California 

University  of  South  Dakota 

University  of  Vermont 

University  of  Wisconsin 

Vassar  College 

Victoria  University 

Wabash  College 

Washburn  College 

Washington  University 

Wellesley  College 

Wesleyan  University  (Conn.)  . . . 
Western  Reserve  University  .... 

Wheaton  College 

Williams  College 

Foreign  Universities 


Table  IV.  —  Birthplaces  of  Students  in  the  School; 

1920-21 

Students  born  in  the  New  England  States 100 

"            "      "  other  Northern  States  east  of  the  Mississippi  River  .  .  31 

u            "      "  Southern  States  east  of  the  Mississippi  River 4 

"            "     "  States  west  of  the  Mississippi  River 12 

"             "      "  the  Dominion  of  Canada 4 

"            "      "  other  foreign  countries 10 

161 


i 


THE  GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  EDUCATION       181 

Table  V.  —  Degrees  Conferred;  1920-21 

The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Education  was  conferred  in  June,  1921, 
upon  the  five  men  named  below. 

Cummings,  Leslie  Olin,  a.b.  1910,  a.m.  1911. 

Field,  Educational  Administration.    Thesis,  "Cooperation  in  School  Ad- 
ministration."   Assistant  Professor,   Harvard  Graduate  School  of 
Education. 
Dexter,  Walter  Friar,  a.b.  (Penn  Coll.)  1916,  a.m.  (Columbia  Univ.)  1919, 
ed.m.  (Harvard  Univ.)  February,  1921. 
Field,   Educational  Administration.     Thesis,    "The   Administration   of 
School  Finances  in  Iowa."   Professor  of  Education,  Earlham  College, 
Richmond,  Indiana. 
Holl,  Roy  Claude,  a.b.  (Wabash  Coll.)  1907,  a.m.  (Harvard  Univ.)  1917. 
Field,  Secondary  Education.    Thesis,  "The  Results  of  Vocational  Edu- 
cation in  Secondary  Schools."    Associate  Professor  of  Education, 
North    Carolina    State    College    for   Women,    Greensboro,    North 
Carolina. 

Macdonald,  Neil  Carnot,  a.b.  (Univ.  of  North  Dakota)  1900,  a.m.  (ibid.) 
1908. 
Field,  Educational  Administration.    Thesis,  "Rural  Schools  and  Rural 
School  Consolidation  in  the  United  States." 
Reed,  Cass  Arthur,  s.b.  (Pomona  Coll.)  1906,  b.d.  (Union  Theological  Sem.) 
1911,  a.m.  (Columbia  Univ.)  1911,  a.m.  (Harvard  Univ.)  1912. 
Field,  Educational  Administration.    Thesis,  "Problems  of  American  Edu- 
cation in  the  Near  East."    Dean,  International  College,  Smyrna, 
Asia  Minor. 

The  degree  of  Master  of  Education  was  conferred  in  June,  1921, 
upon  40  students  of  the  School,  27  men  and  13  women,  and  on 
23  students  of  the  Prince  School.  The  first  degree  conferred  by  the 
School  was  the  degree  of  Ed.M.  granted  to  Mr.  W.  F.  Dexter  at 
mid-years  1921. 

Table  VI.  —  Scholarships;  1920-21 

■Spring  applicants  for  a  first  appointment 18 

[Ater  applicants 11    29 

Appointed  to  scholarships 11 

Entered  the  Graduate  School  of  Education  without  receiving  an  ap- 
pointment    4 

Cntered  other  Departments  of  the  University 1 

One  candidate  who  had  been  assigned  a  scholarship  in  the  Graduate 
School  of  Arts  and  Sciences  transferred  his  registration  to  the  Graduate 
School  of  Education  and  was  permitted  to  retain  his  scholarship. 


182 


THE   GRADUATE   SCHOOL   OF   EDUCATION 


Table  VII.  —  Courses  of  Instruction;  1920-21 


Course 

Instructor 

Subject 

Registrations 

Education: 
Al 

Associate  Professor  Johnson 

Individual  Development  and  Ed- 
ucation 

10  G.Ed. 

A2 

Professor  Holmes 

Social  Policy  and  Education 

35  G.Ed. 

A 101-2 

Associate  Professor  John- 
son and  Professor  Holmes 

Individual  Research  in  the  The- 
ory and  Principles  of  Education 

5*  G.Ed. 

51 

Professor  Dearborn 

The  Principles  of   Educational 
Psychology  and  Mental  Hygiene 

23  G.Ed. 
1  G.A.  andS. 

53 

Assistant  Professor  Shaw 

The  Measurement  of  Intelligence 

27  G.Ed. 
2  G.A.  and  S. 
1  H.  C. 
4  Rad. 

Gl 

Professor    Dearborn    and 
Assistant  Professor  Shaw 

Educational  Measurement  (In- 
troductory Course) 

17  G.Ed. 
1  G.A.  and  S. 
IRad. 

G2 

Assistant  Professor  Shaw 

Educational  Measurement  (Ad- 
vanced Course) 

11  G.Ed. 

58 

Assistant  Professor  Shaw 

School  Hygiene 

7  G.Ed. 

521-22 

Professor  Dearborn 

Research  in   Educational   Psy- 
chology 

1  G.A.  and  S. 

523-24 

Professor  Dearborn,  Assist- 
ant Professor  Shaw,   and 
Dr.  Fernald  (Lecturer) 

The  Clinical  Testing  of  Children 

8£  G.Ed. 
iRad. 

526 

Professor  Dearborn 

Problems  in  Mental  and  Physical 
Development 

5  G.Ed. 
IRad. 

5-G101-2 

Professor    Dearborn    and 
Assistant  Professor  Shaw 

Individual  Research  in  Educa- 
tional Psychology  and  Educa- 
tional Measurement 

8  G.Ed. 

£  G.A.  and  S. 

C 

Professor     Norton     (Lec- 
turer) 

The  History  of  Education 

5  G.Ed. 
IH.C. 

Dl-2 

Professor  Hanus 

Organization  and  Management 
of  City  School  Systems  in  the 
United  States 

15  G.Ed. 
IH.C. 

D4 

Mr.  Cummings  (Instructor) 

County  and  Local  (Rural)  School 
Administration 

IH.C. 

521-22 

Professor  Hanus 

Problems    in    Educational   Ad- 
ministration 

Hi  G.Ed. 

5101-2 

Professor  Hanus  and  Mr. 
Cummings 

Individual  Research  in  Educa- 
tional Administration 

1|  G.Ed. 

51-2 

Mr.  Mirick  (Lecturer) 

Elementary  Education 

5  G.Ed. 

521-22 

Professor  Holmes 

Problems    of    the    Elementary 
School 

2i  G.Ed. 

5101-2 

Professor  Holmes  and  Mr. 
Mirick 

Individual  Research  in  Elemen- 
tary Education 

Ii  G.Ed. 

51 

Professor  Inglis 

Principles  of  Secondary  Educa- 
tion 

27  G.Ed. 
IH.C. 
2  Rad. 

52 

Professor  Inglis 

Principles   of   Teaching  in  the 
Secondary  School 

9  G.Ed. 
IRad. 

54 

Mr.  Beatley  (Instructor) 

Apprentice  Teaching  in  the  Sec- 
ondary School 

4  G.Ed. 

THE  GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF   EDUCATION                183 

Courses  of  Instruction  (continued) 

no;, 

Course 

Instructor 

Subject 

Registrations 

Education: 
F6 

Professor  Inglis 

Secondary  School  Administration 

18  G.Ed. 

— - 

FS 

Mr.  Gallagher  (Lecturer) 

The   Junior    High    School    and 
Plans  for  the  Reorganization  of 
Secondary  Education 

12  G.Ed. 

F21-22 

Professor  Inglis 

Problems  of  Secondary  Educa- 
tion 

16*  G.Ed. 

and: 

G23-24 

Professor  Inglis 

Tests  and  Scales  for  the  Second- 
ary School 

8*  G.Ed. 
IG.A.andS. 

ndi 

F101-2 

Professor  Inglis  and  Mr. 
Beatley 

Individual  Research  in  Second- 
ary Education 

1*  G.Ed. 

ndt 

FMIO 

Mr.  Thomas  (Lecturer) 

The  Teaching  of  English  in  the 
Junior    and    the    Senior    High 
School 

10  G.Ed. 

HI 

Associate  Professor  Brewer 

Vocational  Education  in  Schools 

9  G.Ed. 

#2 

Associate  Professor  Brewer 

Education  in  Industry 

20  G.Ed. 
IH.C. 

i 

XI 

Associate  Professor  Brewer 

Vocational  Guidance  in  Schools 

15  G.Ed. 
IH.C. 

I 

K2 

Associate  Professor  Brewer 

Vocational  Guidance  in  the  Occu- 
pations 

18  G.Ed. 
1  H.C. 

#-#21-22 

Associate  Professor  Brewer 

Problems  in  Vocational   Guid- 
ance and  Vocational  Education 

9  G.Ed. 

1  G.A.  and  S  . 

. 

H-K101-2 

Associate  Professor  Brewer 

Individual   Research   in    Voca- 
tional Education  and  Vocational 
Guidance 

3  G.Ed. 

LI 

Associate  Professor  John- 
son 

Play  in  Education 

5  G.Ed. 

L2 

Associate  Professor  John- 
son ■ 

The  Administration  and  Conduct 
of  Play  and  Recreation  in  School 
Systems 

8  G.Ed. 

L21-22 

Associate  Professor  John- 
son 

Play  and  Recreation 

4|  G.Ed. 

d. 

L 101-2 

Associate  Professor  John- 
son 

Individual  Research  in  Play  and 
Recreation 

1  G.Ed. 

d, 

I 
1 

184        THE  GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  EDUCATION 

Table  VIII.  —  Report  of  Committee  on  Appointments 
Graduate  School  of  Education;  1920-21 

Total  number  of  persons  registered  with  the  Committee 584 

Number  enrolled  during  the  year 221 

Total  number  of  requests  from  employers  for  the  recommendation 

of  candidates 423 

Includes  through  University  Appointment  Office 20 

Includes  through  Radcliffe  Appointment  Office 1 

These  requests  are  classified  as  follows: 

College  teaching  posts  (Ap.  Of.  9) 73 

Public  secondary  school  subjects  (Rad.  1) 91 

Administrative 51 

Principals  of  high  schools  (Ap.  Of.  1) 14 

Superintendents  of  schools  (Ap.  Of.  2) 11 

College  and  normal  school  administration 6 

Private  school  administration  (Ap.  Of.  1) 10 

(Includes  headmasters,  heads  of  lower  schools,  1  registrar, 
1  dean  of  girls) 

Principals  of  elementary  schools 10 

Private  school  subjects  (Ap.  Of .  4) 68 

Public  elementary  and  junior  high  schools 49 

Normal  and  technical  school  subjects  (Ap.  Of .  3) 24 

Supervisors  of  special  subjects  in  public  school  systems 11 

Psychologists 5 

Special-class  positions 7 

Tutoring  and  substitute  positions 9 

Evening  and  continuation  school  work 4 

Secretaries 7 

Summer  camp  positions 4 

Miscellaneous 20 

This  includes  school  and  college  librarians,  Y.  M.  and  Y.W.  C.A. 
general  secretaries  and  executives,  statistician,  state  infirmary  super- 
intendent and  teachers,  playground  and  recreation  organizers  and 
executives. 

Total  number  of  positions  for  which  nominations  were  made 227 

Total  number  of  appointments  secured 29 

Papers  sent  or  special  letters  written  for  specific  positions  at  the  request 

of  a  candidate 162 

Number  of  such  positions  subsequently  secured 16 


The  number  of  requests  for  recommendations  (423)  is  so  much  in  excess 
of  the  number  recommendations  made  (227)  largely  because  the  salaries 
offered  were  not  sufficiently  high  to  attract  candidates  with  graduate  training. 

HENRY  W.  HOLMES,  Dean. 


THE  BUSSEY  INSTITUTION 

To  the  President  of  the  University  :  — 

Sir,  —  As  Dean  of  the  Bussey  Institution  I  have  the  honor  to 
present  the  following  report  for  the  year  1920-21. 

The  attendance  at  the  institution  was  very  nearly  twice  that 
of  the  preceding  year,  the  students  being  distributed  among  the 
various  courses  as  follows : 

Zoology    7a  (Morphology  and  Classification  of  Insects) 11 

a        76  (Habits  and  Distribution  of  Insects) 8 

"       8     Genetics  and  Eugenics 58 

"       18     (Tropical  Entomology;  Medicine  706) 4 

"      20d  (Research  in  Variation,  Heredity,  etc.) 3 

"      20/  (Research  in  Economic  Entomology) 7 

Botany  12    Genetics  (advanced  course) 4 

"       15     (Economic  Botany) 3 

*       20/   (Research  in  Plant  Genetics) 4 

Applied  Botany  206 1 

Forestry  20a  (Research  in  Dendrology) 3 

"       206  (Research  in  Silviculture  and  Forest  Management) .  2 


M 
11 

5 
7 
8 
i 

1 

\ 

id 


Total 108 


At  Commencement,  1921,  the  following  students  were  awarded 
degrees : 

Edward  Franklin  Gaines,  Doctor  of  Science  in  Applied  Biology,  Special 
Field,  Plant  Genetics.  Thesis:  "Genetics  of  Bunt  Resistance  in 
Wheat." 

Esther  Wadsworth  Hall,  Doctor  of  Science  in  Applied  Biology  (Rad- 
cliffe),  Special  Field,  Economic  Entomology.  Thesis:  "Braconids 
Parasitic  on  Aphids  and  their  Life-history." 

Herbert  Kendall  Hayes,  Doctor  of  Science  in  Applied  Biology,  Special 
Field,  Plant  Genetics.  Thesis:  "Studies  of  Inheritance  in  Wheat 
and  Maize.  Pt.  I.  Inheritance  of  the  Seed  and  Spike  Characters  in 
Crosses  between  Varieties  of  Triticum  vulgare  Vill.  Pt.  II.  Produc- 
tion of  High  Protein  Maize  by  Mendelian  Methods.  Pt.  III.  A 
Critical  Analysis  of  Methods  of  Maize  Breeding." 

George  Carlos  Wheeler,  Doctor  of  Science  in  Applied  Biology,  Special 
Field,  Economic  Entomology.  Thesis:  "The  Larvae  of  the  Sub- 
family Dolichoderinas  and  Formicinse,  with  a  General  Consideration 
of  the  Developmental  Stages  of  Ants." 

Arthur  Frederic  Allen,  Master  of  Forestry. 

Guy  Chester  Crampton,  Master  of  Science  —  Zoology. 

Roland  Fountain  Hussey,  Master  of  Science  —  Zoology. 

Reuben  Tom  Patton,  Master  of  Forestry. 

Willard  Leigh  Wachter,  Master  of  Science  —  Zoology. 

185 


186  THE  BUSSEY  INSTITUTION 

The  following  students  held  scholarships  during  the  year  1920- 
21: 

Edgar  Shannon  Anderson,  Anna  C.  Ames  Scholarship. 
George  Carlos  Wheeler,  George  H.  Emerson  Scholarship. 
Willard  Leigh  Wachter,  Priscilla  Clark  Hodges  Scholarship. 
Edward  Franklin  Gaines,  University  Scholarship. 
Wayne  Charles  Holsworth,  a  grant  of  $200  from  the  Bliss  Scholarship. 
Reuben  Tom  Patton,  a  grant  of  $625  from  the  Bliss  Scholarship. 
Henry  Byron  Peirson,  a  grant  of  $300  from  the  Bliss  Scholarship  for 
summer  work. 


Professor  Castle  during  the  first  half  of  the  year  devoted  much 
attention  to  the  elementary  course  in  Genetics,  which  was  as  usual 
given  in  Cambridge,  and  to  the  preparation  of  the  second  edition 
of  his  book  "  Genetics  and  Eugenics,"  which  was  issued  in  the  fall 
of  1920.  Throughout  the  year  he  carried  on  investigations  on  the 
linkage,  or  the  association  of  characters  in  heredity.  An  exhaus- 
tive study  was  made  of  the  linkage  relations  of  all  heritable  char- 
acters in  rabbits,  rats  and  mice.  This  required  the  rearing  of 
40,000  rats  and  several  thousand  rabbits  and  mice.  On  the  basis, 
of  this  material  Professor  Castle  was  able  to  establish  the  existence 
of  one  pair  of  linked  characters  in  rabbits,  one  pair  in  mice  and 
three  pairs  in  rats.  Some  time  was  also  devoted  to  the  study  and 
preparation  for  publication  of  the  data  that  he  has  been  accumu- 
lating for  several  years  on  size-inheritance  in  rabbits.  As  in  pre- 
vious years  the  work  in  Animal  Genetics  has  been  greatly  aided  by 
a  grant  of  $2500  from  the  Carnegie  Institution.  Laboratory  facili- 
ties were  provided  for  two  Boston  physicians,  Drs.  Reynolds  and 
Macomber,  for  the  purpose  of  conducting  experiments  on  the 
relation  of  nutrition  to  sterility  in  rats.  These  gentlemen  reported 
on  their  results  to  the  American  Medical  Association  in  June. 

The  library  and  collections  of  Economic  Botany,  in  charge  of 
Professor  Ames,  have  been  greatly  increased  and  improved  during 
the  year;  the  library  has  been  doubled,  new  cases  have  been 
generously  provided  by  Professor  Ames  and  many  additions  have 
been  made  to  the  collections  by  advantageous  exchanges  with 
foreign  botanical  gardens  and  museums.  The  British  Museum  of 
Natural  History  has  contributed  a  set  of  the  original  samples  of 
cinchona  bark  collected  in  Peru  by  Pavon  in  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury. Extensive  collections  of  Malayan  economic  plants  were 
received  from  the  Straits  Settlements.  Cooperative  work  has  been 
undertaken  in  China  under  the  direction  of  Canton  Christian  Col- 
lege, with  the  object  of  collecting  and  identifying  the  Chinese 


THE   BUSSEY   INSTITUTION  187 

conomic  plants.  Many  of  these  are  now  passing  out  of  use  be- 
ause  imported  foreign  products  are  crowding  them  out  of  the 
ops  and  markets.  The  Bureau  of  Science  of  Manila  has  con- 
ibuted  plant  collections  of  exceptional  value  and  a  collection  of 
amaican  woods  and  seeds  has  been  received  from  Dr.  W.  R. 
axon  of  the  United  States  National  Museum.  Two  of  our  former 
udents,  Dr.  Orland  E.  White  and  Dr.  W.  M.  Mann,  have  been 
ttached  to  the  Mulford  Biological  Expedition  which  is  now  ex- 
loring  the  Amazon  Basin.  Through  arrangement  with  Professor 
Ames,  Dr.  White  will  devote  his  time  to  making  collections  of 
economic  plants  for  the  Bussey  Institution. 

During  the  past  year  Professor  Bailey  has  continued  his  anatomi- 
cal, cytological  and  physiological  investigations  of  the  cambium 
and  its  derivative  tissues  and  has  also  devoted  considerable  atten- 
tion to  the  phenomena  of  geotropism  and  heliotropism  in  conifers 
and  various  aspects  of  the  problems  connected  with  ornithophily 
and  myrmecophily  in  neotropical  plants. 

In  plant  genetics  Professor  East  has  published  two  pieces  of 
work  which  have  been  in  preparation  for  the  past  ten  years.  One 
of  these  is  an  investigation  of  the  mode  of  inheritance  of  the  pro- 
tein content  of  maize,  the  other  a  study  of  species  hybridization  in 
the  tobaccos  (Nicotiana) .  Several  genetic  studies  and  a  statistical 
investigation  of  certain  aspects  of  the  problem  of  population  are 
being  continued.  Twelve  experiment  stations  and  one  large  com- 
mercial firm,  the  Funk  Bros.  Seed  Company,  are  now  utilizing  the 
corn-breeding  method  demonstrated  by  Professor  East  and  one 
of  the  former  students  of  the  Bussey  Institution,  Dr.  D.  F.  Jones, 
in  their  book  entitled  "  Inbreeding  and  Outbreeding."  This 
method  is  based  on  a  purification  of  commercial  strains  by  in- 
breeding and  their  later  hybridization.  As  an  illustration  of  the 
scale  on  which  the  commercial  work  is  now  being  carried  on,  I 
"may  mention  that  over  20,000  strains  are  being  inbred  in  the 
United  States. 

During  the  first  half-year  Professor  Brues  gave  the  course  in 
Zoology  1  for  Professor  Parker  who  was  absent  as  exchange  pro- 
fessor in  the  West.  During  the  second  half-year  Professor  Brues 
gave  Zoology  18.  The  laboratory  work  in  this  course  was  expanded 
and  improved  by  the  printing  of  a  special  guide.  His  book  on 
"Insects  and  Human  Welfare"  was  published  by  the  Harvard 
University  Press  and  he  has  published  several  papers  on  insect 
parasitism  and  symbiotic  microorganisms  in  addition  to  some 
taxonomic  studies  relating  mainly  to  Parasitic  Hymenoptera.    He 


188  THE  BUSSEY  INSTITUTION 

has  also  helped  in  conducting  the  laboratory  and  field  work  in 
the  entomological  courses  Zoology  la  and  76. 

My  own  work,  apart  from  the  duties  of  my  office,  has  been  con- 
fined to  finishing  several  investigations  that  have  been  under  way 
for  some  time.  The  proofs  of  an  elaborate  report  on  the  Formicidse 
of  the  Lang-Chapin  Congo  Expedition,  a  volume  of  about  1200 
pages,  now  being  printed  by  the  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History,  have  been  corrected  and  four  papers  on  the  materials 
which  I  collected  in  British  Guiana  during  the  summer  of  1920, 
two  addresses  and  two  papers  on  Chinese  Formicidge  have  been 
published.  Most  of  the  past  summer  was  devoted  to  securing 
additional  material  for  a  study  of  the  Aculeata  of  Connecticut  and 
of  the  parasites  belonging  to  the  peculiar  order  Strepsiptera  and 
their  effects  on  their  hosts. 

In  addition  to  the  theses  of  the  four  young  investigators  who 
were  awarded  doctors'  degrees  at  Commencement,  several  valu- 
able pieces  of  work  by  other  students  have  been  nearing  comple- 
tion. Mr.  L.  B.  Uichanco  of  the  University  of  the  Philippines  has 
made  an  intensive  study  of  the  embryology  of  viviparous  plant- 
lice  and  of  the  infection  of  the  embryo  with  microorganisms  lodged 
in  the  maternal  tissues.  Mr.  R.  F.  Hussey  has  made  considerable 
progress  in  the  taxonomic  study  of  the  Hemiptera  and  Mr.  L.  H. 
Taylor  in  monographing  the  Chrysidid  wasps  of  North  America. 
Mr.  R.  Heber  Howe,  Jr.,  has  been  working  throughout  the  year 
on  the  dragon-fly  nymphs  of  New  England  and  during  the  summer 
Mr.  O.  E.  Plath  completed  some  very  interesting  studies  of  the 
behavior  and  parasites  of  our  New  England  bumble-bees. 

WILLIAM   MORTON  WHEELER,  Dean. 


oit 


!D  CO] 

erwa; 


oncidi 


ateria 
f  192 

-  bee 
:ciirifl 


THE  HARVARD  FOREST  189 


REPORT  ON  THE  HARVARD  FOREST 


The  Harvard  Forest  has  had  a  prolific  year,  and  its  service  as  a 
forest  experiment  station  and  research  laboratory  has  been  widely 
recognized.  It  continues  to  be  much  visited  by  foresters  and  per- 
^  sons  concerned  in  timber  land  operation,  not  only  from  New  Eng- 
land, but  from  more  distant  parts  as  well.  That  the  knowledge 
and  experience  accumulating  in  its  management  are  being  drawn 
upon  for  the  solution  of  professional  and  public  problems  is  indi- 
cated by  the  following  list  of  committees  upon  which  the  director  is 
serving:  Committee  on  the  Scope  and  Character  of  Research  in 
iUD  Schools  of  Forestry,  Society  of  American  Foresters  (Chairman); 
Committee  on  the  Standardization  of  Forest  Sites,  Society  of 
American  Foresters;  New  England  Section  of  the  Society  of  Amer- 
' ;^  ican  Foresters  (Chairman);  Sub-Committee  on  Silviculture  of  the 
ilvak  National  Research  Council;  Special  Committee  appointed  by  the 
Massachusetts  Forestry  Association  to  Draft  a  Law  for  Forest 
-^  Taxation;  Committee  on  the  Expenditure  of  the  Parkman  Fund, 
plan  Sub-Committee  on  Trees  (Chairman) ;  Forestry  Committee  of  the 
Boston  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

In  addition,  the  Town  of  Petersham  has  voted  to  convert  the 
woodland  on  its  Poor  Farm  into  a  town  forest,  and  to  ask  the  Direc- 
tor of  the  Harvard  Forest  to  advise  as  to  its  management. 

Since  the  last  Report,  a  substantial  amount  of  research  has  been 
completed.  In  cooperation  with  the  Massachusetts  State  Forester, 
a  handbook  of  tables  for  the  measurement  of  logs,  trees  and  the 
growth  of  stands  has  been  prepared.  This  was  entitled  "  Forest 
Mensuration,"  and  published  as  a  Bulletin  of  the  Commonwealth. 
In  the  series  of  Bulletins  of  the  Harvard  Forest,  begun  a  year  ago, 
two  more  numbers  have  been  issued,  —  one  on  the  "Life  History 
and  Control  of  the  Pales  Weevil,"  by  H.  B.  Peirson;  the  other,  on 
the  "Management  of  the  Harvard  Forest  from  1909-1919,"  by 
R.  T.  Fisher.  Now  in  press  is  a  "Study  of  the  Growth  and  Yield  of 
Red  Oak  and  White  Ash,"  by  R.  T.  Patton.  Completed  and  ready 
for  printing  are  the  following:  "The  Control  of  the  White  Pine 
Weevil  by  Forest  Management,"  by  H.  B.  Peirson  (in  collaboration 
with  the  State  Forester);  "Quality  Increment  in  Second  Growth 
White  Pine,"  by  A.  F.  Allen.  These  studies,  mainly  the  fruits  of  re- 
search by  graduate  students,  embody  material  and  conclusions 
which  are  largely  new  to  the  science  of  forest  management. 

R.  T.  FISHER,  Director. 


■  lodge 
i'kab 
r.LI 
.  aerie 
v  yet 


-oft 


ft 


THE  DIVINITY  SCHOOL 

To  the  President  of  the  University  :  — 

Sir,  —  I  have  the  honor  to  present  the  following  report  of  the 
Divinity  School  for  the  year  1920-21. 

During  the  year  all  the  members  of  our  Faculty  were  in  residence 
except  Professor  Ropes,  who  was  absent  during  the  second  half- 
year,  and  their  courses  were  given  as  announced.  After  the  death 
of  Dean  Platner,  his  course,  Church  History  Al,  was  carried 
through  the  year  by  Professor  E.  C.  Moore. 

The  death  of  Professor  John  Winthrop  Platner,  Dean  of  Andover 
Theological  Seminary,  which  occurred  on  March  18, 1921,  took  from 
our  affiliated  seminaries  a  scholar  of  wide  learning  and  keen  insight, 
a  teacher  of  unusual  skill,  an  administrative  officer  of  wisdom  and 
generosity.  Although  at  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  an  "  Andover 
Professor  in  Harvard  University"  he  was  also  connected  with  us 
by  previous  service  on  the  Faculty  of  the  Harvard  Divinity 
School  and  was  honored  and  beloved  by  the  whole  company  of 
theological  teachers  in  the  affiliated  schools. 

The  year  was  a  discouraging  one  in  point  of  attendance,  for  only 
seventeen  students  were  registered  primarily  in  the  Harvard 
Divinity  School,  of  whom  eleven  were  graduate  students.  In 
Andover  and  the  Episcopal  Theological  School,  also,  registration 
fell  off  in  about  the  same  proportion.  This  was  probably  one  of  the 
after  effects  of  the  war  due  to  a  variety  of  causes.  It  may  be  that 
college  men  who  would  normally  have  turned  to  the  ministry,  but 
whose  college  studies  were  interrupted,  were  diverted  into  other 
occupations  by  attractive  openings,  or  having  failed  to  finish  their 
college  course  were  not  eligible  for  admittance  into  our  schools 
which  require  an  A.B.  degree.  It  is  believed,  however,  that  the 
diminished  attendance  was  only  an  incident,  and  that  another 
year  will  show  a  return  to  normal  conditions. 

After  an  intermission  of  ten  years  the  Summer  School  of  Theology 
was  revived  and  held  its  sessions  in  Cambridge,  from  July  6th  to 
July  23d.  One  hundred  and  fifty-two  students  were  in  attendance. 
Through  the  generosity  of  the  Unitarian  Laymen's  League  a  sub- 
stantial part  of  the  expenses  of  Unitarian  ministers  attending  the 
School  was  defrayed  by  the  Laymen's  League.    It  was  possible 

190 


THE    DIVINITY    SCHOOL  191 

also  to  secure  lodging  and  board  for  our  students  in  the  freshman 
dormitories,  thus  providing  opportunities  lacking  in  previous 
years  for  intimate  fellowship  and  private  discussion.  Thanks  to 
Professor  Foote's  indefatigable  labors  the  machinery  of  the  School 
ran  with  perfect  smoothness.  Besides  the  regular  lectures  various 
excursions  to  places  of  interest  were  arranged  which  added  greatly 
to  the  enjoyment  and  value  of  the  School.  The  large  preponder- 
ance of  Unitarian  clergymen,  on  account  of  the  munificence  of 
the  Unitarian  Laymen's  League,  while  highly  gratifying  as  re- 
spects attendance,  gives  rise  to  some  concern  lest  the  non-sectarian 
character  of  the  Harvard  Divinity  School  be  affected  in  popular 
opinion. 

One  notable  event  of  the  year  was  the  holding  in  Cambridge 
of  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Inter-Seminary  Alliance.  Starting 
several  years  ago  as  a  joint  enterprise  of  Hartford,  Union,  and 
Andover  Theological  Seminaries,  with  the  purpose  of  interesting  col- 
lege students  in  the  ministry  as  a  profession,  the  Alliance  was  en- 
larged last  year,  on  the  motion  of  Andover,  to  include  the  Harvard 
Divinity  School  and  the  Episcopal  Theological  School.  Aided  by 
the  active  cooperation  of  the  Phillips  Brooks  House  Association 
the  meetings  were  well  attended.  Seventy-eight  delegates  were 
registered  from  various  New  England  colleges  and  the  sessions 
were  valuable  even  beyond  anticipation. 

The  most  significant  action  of  the  year  from  the  point  of  view 
of  theological  education  was  the  change  made  by  our  Faculty  in 
the  requirements  for  the  S.T.B.  degree.  In  1912  a  change  was 
made  by  which  the  granting  of  the  degree  was  based,  not  upon  the 
satisfactory  completion  of  a  specified  number  of  courses,  but  upon 
the  passing,  after  three  years  of  residence,  of  an  examination  partly 
oral  and  partly  written  —  the  oral  examination  covering  the 
entire  field  of  theological  learning,  and  the  written  calling  for 
more  thorough  knowledge  of  a  portion  of  the  field  selected  by  the 
student  as  one  in  which  he  was  especially  interested  and  to  which 
he  had  given  particular  attention.  Thus  the  Divinity  School 
adopted  the  principle  of  concentration  and  distribution  which 
prevails  in  the  College.  But  it  seemed  to  the  Faculty  that  it 
would  be  wiser  to  put  the  distribution  into  the  first  two  years  of 
the  course,  thus  laying  a  broader  basis  for  concentrated  work  and 
preparing  the  student  to  choose  more  discriminatingly  his  field  of 
special  interest.  Moreover,  with  our  small  number  of  students  it 
seemed  possible  to  extend  the  tutorial  system  from  graduates  to 
undergraduates.    Accordingly  the  Faculty  voted  in  March,  1921, 


192  THE   DIVINITY   SCHOOL 

that  the  general  examination  covering  the  whole  field  of  theology 
should  be  held  at  the  end  of  the  second  year  of  residence,  and  that 
during  the  third  year,  the  student,  having  selected  his  field  or 
cognate  fields  of  concentration,  should  work  under  tutorial  super- 
vision, conferring  frequently  with  a  member  of  the  Faculty  ap- 
pointed for  the  purpose  upon  books  read  and  inquiries  pursued, 
instead  of  merely  listening  to  lectures.  It  is  believed  that  this 
change  will  prove  of  value  in  many  different  ways;  for  instance, 
through  the  prevalence  of  the  lecture  system,  an  opinion  has  grown 
up  in  academic  circles  that  to  know  anything  about  a  subject  one 
must  have  taken  a  course  of  lectures  upon  it,  and  frequently  a 
student  fails  to  acquire  the  habit  of  studying  by  himself  with  the 
aid  of  books.  Possibly  this  accounts  in  some  measure  for  the  fact 
that  comparatively  few  clergymen  in  active  service  keep  up 
scholarly  pursuits.  The  Faculty  hopes  that  by  throwing  the 
student  in  his  senior  year  more  largely  upon  his  own  resources  and 
by  bringing  him  more  immediately  into  contact  with  a  member  of 
the  Faculty,  directing  his  reading,  and  acting  as  his  adviser,  the 
result  will  be  to  raise  the  standard  of  scholarship  among  our  grad- 
uates by  training  them  more  thoroughly  in  the  use  of  books  and 
the  methods  of  research. 

During  the  year  forty-seven  students  were  in  continuous  resi- 
dence. Of  the  total  enrolment  of  56,  one  withdrew  in  November, 
two  in  February,  and  three  in  March  and  three  students  entered 
at  the  beginning  of  the  second  half-year.  The  distribution  of  the 
total  enrolment  was  as  follows : 

Resident  Graduates 11 

Senior  Class 1 

Middle  Class 4 

Junior  Class 1 

Andover  Students 15 

Boston  University  School  of  Theology  Students 10 

Episcopal  Theological  School  Students 7 

Newton  Theological  Institution  Students 7 

Total 56 


THE   DIVINITY   SCHOOL 


193 


Forty-eight  colleges  were  represented  as  follows 


Acadia  University 3 

Amherst  College 1 

Bates  College 1 

Beloit  College 1 

Bethany  College 1 

Boston  University 5 

Brown  University 2 

Bucknell  University 1 

Calvin  College 1 

Carleton  College 1 

Clark  University 1 

Colgate  University 1 

Colorado  College . 1 

Columbia  University 1 

Cornell  University 1 

Hamilton  College 1 

Harvard  University 8 

Henderson-Brown  College 1 

Hillsdale  College 

Illinois  Wesleyan  University . 
Imperial  University  of  Tokyo 

LaSalle  University 

Lehigh  University . 


Leiden  University 1 


Luther  College 

Macalester  College 

Mercer  University 

Missouri  Wesleyan  College 

Mount  Union  College 

Nebraska  Wesleyan  University  . 

Northwestern  University 

Oberlin  College 

Ohio  Wesleyan  University 

Princeton  University 

Rice  Institute 

Rio  Grande  College 

Taylor  Institute 

Toronto  University 

Tufts  College 

University  of  Berne 

University  of  California 

University  of  Chicago 

University  of  Denver 

University  of  Illinois 

University  of  Minnesota 

Vanderbilt  University 

Williams  College 2 

Yale  University 2 


Eleven  Theological  Seminaries  were  represented  by  graduates 
as  follows: 


Andover  Theological  Seminary . .  1 

Auburn  Theological  Seminary ...  1 
Boston    University     School     of 

Theology 5 

Episcopal  Theological  School  ...  1 

Illiff  School  of  Theology 1 

Luther  Seminary 1 


Newton  Theological  Institution  .     5 
Princeton  Theological  Seminary .      1 

Seabury  Divinity  School 1 

Southern  Baptist  Theological  Sem- 
inary       1 

Yale  Divinity  School 2 


The  interchange  of  instruction  between  the  Faculty  of  the  School 
and  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences  indicates  the  extent  of  the 
contribution  made  by  the  Divinity  School  to  the  general  work  of 
'the  University.  This  interchange  between  the  two  Faculties  in 
1920-21  is  as  follows: 

Divinity  students,  including  Andover,  the  Episcopal  Theological 
School,  Boston  University  School  of  Theology  and  Newton  Theo- 
logical Institution  students,  electing  courses  offered  primarily  by 
the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences: 


194  THE   DIVINITY   SCHOOL 

Total       H.D.S.       And.         B.U.        E.T.S.       N.T.I. 

Chemistry 10            10  0  0 

Economics 3            1            1            0  1  0 

English 3            110  0  1 

French 110            0  0  0 

German 1            1            0            0  0  0 

History 4             12            0  0  1 

Music .1            0            1            0  0  0 

Philosophy 11             4             1             4  1  1 

Physics 10            10  0  0 

Psychology 3  10  110 

Russian 1            0            0            1  0  0 

Scandinavian 1            1            0            0  0  0 

31  11  8  6  3  3 

Non-Divinity  students  electing  courses  offered  primarily  by  the 
Divinity  School: 

Grade.      Undergr. 

Old  Testament 64  13            51 

Church  History 9  18 

History  of  Religions 6  3              3 

Theology 33  7            26 

112  24  88 

The  interchange  of  instruction  between  the  Harvard  Divinity 
School  and  Andover  Theological  Seminary  was  as  follows: 

Elections  by  Harvard  Divinity  students  of  courses  offered 
primarily  by  Andover  Theological  Seminary: 

Old  Testament  3 

New  Testament 2 

Church  History 4 

Theology 1 

Homiletics 2 

12 

Elections  by  Andover  Theological  Seminary  students  of  courses 
offered  primarily  by  Harvard  Divinity  School: 

New  Testament 4 

Church  History 6 

History  of  Religions 3 

Theology 14 

Social  Ethics 1 

Homiletics 8 

Public  Speaking 1 

37 


THE    DIVINITY   SCHOOL  195 

The  interchange  of  instruction  between  the  Harvard  Divinity 
School  and  the  Episcopal  Theological  School  was  as  follows: 

Elections  by  Harvard  Divinity  students  of  courses  offered 
primarily  by  the  Episcopal  Theological  School: 

Old  Testament 2 

New  Testament 1 


Elections  by  Episcopal  Theological  School  students  of  courses 
offered  primarily  by  the  Divinity  School: 

Theology 1 

Social  Ethics 3 

Homiletics 6 

Public  Speaking 3 

13 

Elections  by  Boston  University  School  of  Theology  students 
of  courses  offered  primarily  by  the  Divinity  School : 

New  Testament 3 

Theology 1 

4 

it;     ' 

Elections  by  Newton  Theological  Institution  students  of  courses 
^   offered  primarily  by  the  Divinity  School: 


History  of  Religions 4 

Theology 1 


The  following  is  a  list  of  the  courses  of  instruction  offered  in  the 
School  in  the  year  1920-21.  With  each  Harvard  course  is  a  state- 
ment of  the  number  of  students  electing  it  from  the  Divinity 
School,  Andover  Theological  School,  Boston  University  School  of 
Theology,  Episcopal  Theological  School,  Newton  Theological 
Institution,  the  Graduate  School  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  and  Har- 
vard College.  In  the  courses  given  in  the  affiliated  schools  the 
record  of  attendance  includes  only  students  of  primary  registration 
in  the  Harvard  Divinity  School. 


196  THE  DIVINITY   SCHOOL 

COURSES  OF  INSTRUCTION 

Old  Testament 
El.  Professor  Kellner.  —  Hebrew  for  Beginners.  2  Div. 

2.  Professor  Lyon.  —  Hebrew  (second  course).  —  Syntax.     Extensive 

reading  in  the  Old  Testament.  1  Div.,  5  Coll. 

E2  lhf.  Professor  Kellner.  —  Hebrew.  Exegetical  study  of  the  prophet 
Isaiah-ben-Amoz.    Half-course  (first  half-year). 

4a  xhf.  Professor  Lyon.  —  The  Old  Testament  as  History  and  as  Literature. 
To  the  Babylonian  Exile,  586  b.c.    Half -course  (first  half-year). 

15  Coll. 

4b  *hf.  Professor  Lyon.  —  The  Old  Testament  as  History  and  as  Literature. 
From  the  Babylonian  Exile  till  the  Destruction  of  Jerusalem  by  the 
Romans  in  70  a.d.    Half -course  (second  half-year).  22  Coll. 

E4:  %hf.  Professor  Kellner.  —  The  Old  Testament  in  Hebrew.  Sight- 
reading  in  Genesis,  Deuteronomy,  Kings,  Jonah,  Ruth,  and  Esther. 
Half -course  (second  half-year). 

E5  lhf.  Professor  Kellner.  —  Old  Testament  Introduction :  The  Hexateuch, 
the  Historical  Books,  the  Moral  Tales,  the  Prophetical  Books,  the 
Poetical  Books,  and  the  Wisdom  Literature.  Half-course  (first  half 
year). 

AQ.  Professor  Arnold.  —  Religion  of  Israel.  —  History  of  the  religiouf 

ideas  and  institutions  of  Israel  from  the  earliest  times  to  the  Macca- 
bean  age.  3  Div. 

E6  2hf.  Professor  Kellner.  —  Religion  of  Israel.  Half-course  (second  half 
year). 

A1.  Professor  Arnold. — Hebrew:    The  Poetical  Literature  of  the  Old 

Testament. 

10.  Professor  Lyon.  —  Assyrian. 

11.  Professor  Lyon.  —  Assyrian  (second  course).  1  Gr. 

13.  Professor  Jewett.  —  Arabic.  —  Socin's  Grammar;  Briinnow's  Chres- 
tomathy.  4  Gr.,  2  Coll. 

14.  Professor  Jewett.  —  Arabic  (second  course).  —  De  Goeje's  edition 
of  Wright's  Grammar;  selections  from  the  Qoran,  the  Hadith,  and 
classical  writers  on  geography  and  history.         2  Gr.,  1  Coll.,  1  Rad. 

17.  Dr.  Wolfson.  —  Jewish  Aramaic.  —  Marti's  Kurzgefasste  Gram- 
matik  der  biblisch-aramaischen  Sprache:  the  Aramaic  portions  of 
Daniel  and  Ezra;  inscriptions  and  papyri;  selections  from  the  Tar- 
gums;  Dalman's  Aramaische  Dialektproben. 

18.  Professors  Jewett  and  Lyon. — Syriac.  —  Brockelmann's  Syrische 
Grammatik;   selections  from  the  Peshitto. 

19.  Professors  Jewett  and  Lyon.  —  Syriac,  second  course.  Noldeke's 
Syriac  Grammar;  selections  from  Syriac  prose  of  the  classical  period. 

2Gr. 


THE  DIVINITY  SCHOOL 


197 


20a. 
.420. 


Professor  Lyon.  —  Assyrian :    Unpublished  inscriptions. 

Professor  Arnold. — Research  Course:  Old  Testament  Problems. 
The  special  subject  will  be  determined  after  conference  with  properly 
qualified  applicants. 

New  Testament 
A.   Introductory  Courses 

1.  Professors  Ropes,  Lake,  and  Hatch,  Asst.  Professor  Nash,  and  Dr. 

Cadbury.  —  The  New  Testament. 

(a)  The  Books  of  the  New  Testament.    (First  half-year.)    2  Div.,  4  And. 

(b)  Professor  Hatch.  —  The  Ideas  of  the  New  Testament.    (Second  half- 
year.)  1  Div.,  2  And. 

A2  lhf.     Dr.  Cadbury.  —  Readings  in  New  Testament  Greek. 
E2  lhf.     Professor  Hatch.  —  The  Gospel  according  to  Matthew.    Half-course 
(first  half-year).  1  Div. 

5.  Dr.  Cadbury.  —  Problems  in  the  Gospels.  1  Div. 

Eb  xhf.  Professor  Hatch.  —  The  Fourth  Gospel.  Half -course  (first  half-year). 
EG  2hf.  Professor  Hatch.  —  The  Apostolic  Age.  Half-course  (second  half- 
year). 

Professor  Ropes.  —  The  Acts  of  the  Apostles.   Half-course  (first  half- 
year). 
8  2hf.     Asst.  Professor  Nash.  —  The  Epistle  to  the  Romans.    Half -course 

(second  half-year). 
9 2  hf.     Dr.  Cadbury.  —  The  Epistle  to  the  Hebrews.    Half -course  (second 
half-year).  1  Div. 

10.        Professor  Hatch.  —  New  Testament  Greek. 

(a)  Grammar  and  Composition.    (First  half-year.) 

(b)  Selections  from  the  New  Testament.    (Second  half-year.) 

?11  lhf.  Asst.  Professor  Nash.  —  The  Synoptic  Gospels  (in  English).    Half- 
course  (first  half-year). 

13  lhf.  Dr.  Cadbury.  —  The  Book  of  Revelation  (in  English).    Half -course 
(first  half-year). 

Professors  Ropes,  Lake,  and  Hatch.  —  Interpretation  of  the  New 
Testament.  2  Div.,  2  B.U. 

Professors  Ropes,  Lake,  and  Hatch.  —  Advanced  study  and  re- 
search. 

Church  History 

Professors  Platner  and  E.  C.  Moore.  —  History  of  the  Church  in 
Outline.  4  Div. 

Professor  Washburn.  —  The  History  of  the  Church  and  of  Doctrine 
during  the  first  ten  centuries.  Lectures,  discussions,  short  papers  on 
questions  of  modern  importance  in  the  light  of  the  Church's  experi- 
ence. 

Dr.  La  Piana.  —  The  Church  from  the  Council  of  Chalcedon  to  the 
Councils  of  Basel  and  Florence. 


198  THE  DIVINITY  SCHOOL 

AS  lhf.  Professor  Platner.  —  Christian  Institutions,  historically  and  com- 
paratively considered.     Half -course  (first  half-year). 

4  lhf.  Professor  Edward  C.  Moore.  —  History  of  Christian  Life  and  In- 
stitutions in  Europe  since  the  Reformation.  Half -course  (first  half- 
year).  1  Div.,  6  And.,  1  Gr 

A  4  lhf.     Professor  Platner.  —  History  of  Christianity  in  England  since  the 

Reformation.    Half -course  (first  half-year). 
E4:  vhf.     Professor  Washburn.  —  The  English  Church,  the  English  State  anc 

the  Papacy  from  the  beginning  to  the  Reformation.  Half-course  (firs, 

half-year). 
5.  Professor  Lake,  Dr.  La  Piana,  and  Professors  G.  F.  Moore  anc 

Fenn.  —  History  of  Christian  Doctrine  to  1630.  5  Div  I 

Eb 2  hf.     Professor    Washburn.  —  Four    English    Churchmen.     Half -course 

(second  half-year), 
la  lhf.      Dr.  La  Piana.  —  History  of  the  Eastern  Churches  from  the  Tentl    | 

Century  to  the  Fall  of  Constantinople  (1453).   Half -course  (first  half 

year). 
76  2hf.      Dr.  La  Piana.  —  History  of  the  Eastern  Churches  from  the  Fall  o  lA 

Constantinople  to  the  Present  Time.    Half-course  (second  half-year)    i 

E9  lhf.     Asst.    Professor   Addison.  —  Introduction   to   Christian    Missions    \ 
Half -course  (first  half-year). 

10  2hf.      Professor  Edward  C.  Moore.  —  The  Expansion  of  Christendom  an   ji 
the  Naturalization  of  Christianity  in  the  Orient,  more  particularl 
during  the  nineteenth  Century.    Half -course  (second  half-year). 

2  And.,  8  Col 

A 10  lhf.  Professor  Platner.  —  The  Reformation.    Half -course  (first  half-year. 

20a.  Professor  Lake.  —  Research  course  in  the  History  of  the  Earl 
Church,  for  advanced  students.  4  Dh 

20c  lhf.  Dr.  La  Piana.  —  Readings  in  Latin  Christian  Literature.  Th 
Cursus  in  Mediaeval  ecclesiastical  and  liturgical  writings  and  in  tb 
official  documents  of  the  Papal  Chancery.  Half-course  (first  hal 
year).  1  Dh 


History  of  Religions 

16  hf.       Professor  G.  F.  Moore.  —  Origin  and  Development   of  ReligiOi 
Half -course.  2  Div.,  1  N.T. 

ES  lhf.     Asst.   Professor  Addison.  —  The  Religions  of  China  and  Japa) 

Half -course  (first  half-year). 
E4t2hf.     Asst.  Professor  Addison.  —  Redemptive  Religions.   Half -course  (se 

ond  half-year). 
5  lhf.        Professor  G.  F.  Moore.  —  Hellenistic  Judaism.    Half-course  (fir 

half-year).  6  Div.,  1  And.,  2  Gr.,  2  Co) 

9.  Professor  Lake.  —  The  Beginnings  of  Christianity. 

3  Div.,  2  And.,  3  N.T.I.,  1  Gr.,  1  Co] 

20.  Professor  G.  F.  Moore.  —  The  Jewish  Sects.    Problems.    Metho< 

of  philological  and  historical  criticism.  4  Di 


THE  DIVINITY  SCHOOL  199 

Theology 

Professor  Fenn.  —  Theism.    Half -course  (first  half-year). 

5  Div.,  1  And.,  1  Rad. 

Professor  Drown. — Apologetics:  Philosophy  of  Religion,  and  the 
Defence  of  the  Christian  Faith.   Half -course  (first  half-year). 

Professor  Fenn.  —  Outlines  of  Systematic  Theology.  Second  half- 
year.  6  Div.,  3  And. 
Professor  Evans.  —  Systematic  Theology.  The  Distinctive  Truths 
of  Christianity. 

Professor  Drown.  —  The   System  of  Christian   Doctrine,   begun. 
Half -course  (second  half-year). 
lhf.       Professor  Fenn.  —  New  England  Theology.    Half -course  (first  half- 
year).  3  Div.,  3  And. 

A3  2hf.     Professor  Evans.  —  Christian  Ethics.  Half -course  (second  half-year). 

E4 2  hf.     Professor  Drown.  —  Christian  Ethics.  Half -course  (second  half-year). 

Ah  xhf.  Professor  Evans.  —  The  Psychology  of  Religion.  Half-course  (first 
half-year).  1  Div. 

Eb  *hf.  Professor  Drown.  —  Theology  of  Coleridge,  Robertson,  and  Maurice. 
Half-course  (second  half-year). 

6 lhf.  Professor  Edward  C.  Moore.  —  History  of  Christian  Thought  since 
1630.    Half-course  (first  half-year).  2  Div.,  1  And.,  1  Gr.,  1  Rad. 

EQxhf.  Professor  Drown.  —  Problems  of  our  own  Time:  a  study  of  some 
theological  and  ethical  questions  as  affected  by  the  war.  Half-course 
(first  half-year). 

la  lhf.  Professor  Edward  C.  Moore.  —  Philosophy  of  Religion.  Half- 
course  (first  half-year).  2  And.,  1  N.T.I.,  4  Gr.,  12  Coll. 

lb  2hf.  Professor  Edward  C.  Moore.  —  Philosophy  of  Religion.  Half- 
course  (second  half-year).  3  And.,  1  Gr.,  14  Coll. 

El  %f.     Mr.  Dun.  —  Psychology  of  Religion.   Half -course  (first  half-year). 

3  2hf.  Professor  Fenn.  —  Current  Problems  in  Theology.  Half -course 
(second  half-year).  4  Div.,  2  And. 

#8  2hf.     Mr.  Dun.  —  Ethics  of  the  New  Testament.   Half -course  (second  half- 


10a  2hf.  Professor  Edward  C.  Moore.  —  Modern  Theology,  especially  as 
influenced  by  Ritschl:  a  survey  of  constructive  work  in  Theology 
during  the  last  thirty  years.    Half -course  (second  half-year). 

3  Div.,  1  And.,  1  E.T.S.,  1  Gr.,  1  Rad. 
!0c  lhf.    Dr.  La  Piana.  —  Philosophical  and  Theological  Method  of  Scholas- 
ticism, from  the  beginning  to  Aquinas.     Half -course  (first  half-year). 

2  Div.,  1  B.U. 
Social  Ethics 

*hf.  Asst.  Professor  Foerster. — American  Population  Problems;  Im- 
migration and  the  Negro.  —  Lectures,  prescribed  reading,  and  a 
research.    Half-course  (first  half-year).  1  Div.,  3  Gr.,  32  Coll. 


200  THE  DIVINITY  SCHOOL 

62hf.  Asst.  Professor  Foerster.  — Unemployment  and  Related  Problems 
of  the  Working  Classes,  with  special  reference  to  Social  Insurance. — 
Lectures  and  prescribed  reading.   Half -course  (second  half-year). 

1  Div.,  4  Gr.,  50  Coll. 

E62hf.     Dr.  Kammerer.  —  Social  Problems.    Half -course  (second  half-year). 

10  lhf.      Asst.  Professor  Ford.  —  Forms  and  Methods  of  Social  Service.  — 

Lectures  and  reports.  Half -course  (first  half-year). 

2  Div.,  1  E.T.S.,  6  Gr.,  2  Ed. 

11  lhf.      Professor  Ford.  —  Poor  Relief.  —  Case  Work  with  Dependent  Fam- 

ilies and  Administration  of  Charitable  Agencies.  —  Lectures  and 
prescribed  reading.    Field  work.    Half -course  (first  half-year). 

2  Div.,  1  E.T.S.,  3  Gr.,  1  Ed. 

12  2hf.      Asst.  Professor  Ford.  —  Community  Organization.  —  Lectures,  pre- 

scribed reading,  field  work.    Half -course  (second  half-year). 

4  Div.,  4  Gr. 

14  2hf.      Asst.  Professor  Ford.  —  The  Housing  Problem  and  the  Social  As- 

pects of  Town  Planning.  —  Lectures,  prescribed  reading,  and  re- 
search.   Half -course  (second  half-year). 

15  2hf.      Asst.   Professor  Foerster.  —  Recent  Theories  of    Social  Reform. 

Half -course  (second  half-year) .  1  Div.,  1  And. 

16  2hf.      Professor  R.  C.  Cabot.  —  The  Kingdom  of  Evils.   Lectures,  reading, 

and  reports.    Half -course  (second  half-year).  1  Div.,  1  E.T.S. 

18  2hf.  Asst.  Professor  Foote.  —  The  Minister's  Relation  to  Social  Agencies. 
Half -course  (second  half-year). 

20.  Asst.  Professor  Ford.  —  Special  Researches.  1  Div. 

Homiletics  and  Pastoral  Care 

Al.  Associate  Professor  Sperry.  —  The  Minister  as  Preacher,  Admin- 

istrator, and  Pastor.  1  Div. 

El.  Asst.  Professor  Nash.  —  The  English  Bible. 

2.  Associate  Professor  Sperry  and  Asst.  Professor  Foote.  —  Preach- 

ing. 2  Div.,  4  And.,  6  E.T.S. 

E2  lhf.  Mr.  Suter.  —  The  History  and  Use  of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer. 
Half -course  (first  half-year). 

AS.  Associate  Professor  Sperry.  —  The  Preacher's  Use  of  Homiletical 

Sources.  1  Div. 

E3  hf.      Pastoral  Care.    Half -course  (throughout  the  year). 

E4:.  Preaching. 

Eb  lhf.  Mr.  John  W.  Suter,  Jr.  —  Introduction  to  Religious  Education. 
Half -course  (first  half-year). 

7  lhf.        Asst.  Professor  Foote.  —  Hymns  and  Hymn  Writers  of  the  Christian 

Church.    Half -course  (first  half-year).  1  Div. 

8  hf.         Asst.   Professor  Foote.  —  An   Introduction   to   the   Literature  of 

Devotion.     Half -course.  1  Div.,  3  And. 

E8.  Mr.  Appel.  —  Church  Music. 


THE   DIVINITY   SCHOOL  201 

9  hf.         Asst.  Professor  Foote.  —  The  History  of  Christian  Worship  and  of 

Preaching.    Half-course. 
E9.  Mr.  Appel.  —  Church  Music.    Selected  topics.    Second  half-year. 

E10.        Mr.  Appel.  —  Organ  Playing. 
All.        Asst.    Professor    Davison.  —  The    History    and    Development    of 

Church  Music. 
.412  hf.    Asst.  Professor  Davison.  —  The  Conduct  of  Church  Music.    Half- 

course. 

Public  Speaking 

1.  Associate  Professor  Winter. — Training  in  Voice  and  Speech. — 

Preparatory  to  Course  2.  1  And.,  3  E.T.S, 

2  hf.  Associate  Professor  Winter.  —  Sermon  Delivery,  Scripture  Read- 
ing, Oral  Discussion.    Half-course  throughout  the  year.  3  E.T.S. 

El.  Mr.  Appel.  —  Reading  and  Public  Speaking. 

During  the  year  there  were  added  to  the  Andover-Harvard 
Library,  1168  volumes  and  1040  pamphlets  by  purchase,  and  469 
volumes,  and  1058  pamphlets  by  gift.  There  were  also  transferred 
from  the  Harvard  College  Library  138  volumes  and  6  pamphlets 
making  a  total  of  books  in  the  united  Library  of  115,197  volumes 
and  of  pamphlets  63,607.  Of  these  additions  there  are  credited 
to  the  Harvard  Divinity  School  by  purchase  599  volumes  and  483 
pamphlets  and  by  gift  176  volumes  and  375  pamphlets  making 
the  total  number  of  books  belonging  to  the  Harvard  Divinity 
School  and  contained  in  the  Andover-Harvard  Library,  45,581 
and  of  pamphlets  18,330. 

W.  W.  FENN,  Dean. 


THE  LAW  SCHOOL 

To  the  President  of  the  University  :  — 

Sir,  —  As  Dean  of  the  Law  School  I  have  the  honor  to  present 
the  following  report  for  the  academic  year  1920-1921. 

There  are  now  substantially  one  thousand  students  in  the  School 
(999  on  October  25,  1921).  This  continued  growth,  which  has  now 
reached  the  limits  of  the  capacity  of  our  physical  plant,  requires 
consideration  of  what  is  to  be  the  policy  of  the  School  with  respect 
to  numbers.  New  seats  have  been  put  in  the  lecture  rooms  in 
Langdell  Hall  to  the  extent  of  what  is  reasonably  possible,  and 
the  lecture  rooms  in  Austin  Hall  have  been  crowded  to  a  point 
which  is  dangerous  in  view  of  the  possibility  of  fire.  With  sections 
larger  than  the  classes  for  which  the  lecture  rooms  were  planned, 
the  alternatives  confronting  us  are  further  building  or  arbitrary 
limitation  of  numbers.  The  latter  alternative  is  unsatisfactory 
for  two  reasons.  In  the  first  place,  experience  in  awarding  scholar- 
ships has  shown  that  it  is  by  no  means  easy  to  select  with  assur- 
ance on  the  basis  of  the  colleges  from  which  students  come  and 
the  records  they  made  therein.  A  limitation  of  the  number  of 
students,  say,  to  one  thousand  would  be  sure  to  exclude  students 
whom  ultimately  we  should  prefer  to  some  of  those  received. 
Again,  it  would  be  likely  to  restrict  the  influence  of  the  School  by 
narrowing  the  field  from  which  it  draws.  In  three  years  the  num- 
ber of  colleges  represented  in  the  student  body  has  risen  from  155 
to  180.  Twenty  years  ago  it  was  83.  It  would  be  unfortunate  if 
anything  were  done  to  impair  the  national  character  of  the  student 
body.  On  the  other  hand,  care  to  receive  only  those  whose  prepa- 
ration gives  reasonable  warrant  for  believing  that  they  can  do  the 
work  demanded  by  the  methods  and  traditions  of  the  School, 
jealous  maintenance  of  standards  at  a  high  level  and  rigid  exclu- 
sion of  all  who  do  not  keep  to  them  have  not  availed  to  keep  down  I 
the  rising  tide  of  numbers.  The  category  of  unclassified  students,  I 
which  is  the  weakest  point  in  the  student  body  and  might  perhaps 
be  cut  off  with  advantage,  has  been  reduced  to  43.  Thus  even  if  r 
it  were  done  away  with  the  relief  would  be  but  temporary.  It 
seems  clear  that  the  best  interests  of  the  School  call  for  early  com- 
pletion of  Langdell  Hall.  A  gift  for  that  purpose  would  be  most 
welcome. 

202 


THE  LAW  SCHOOL  203 

No  changes  have  been  made  in  the  curriculum  except  addition 
of  a  half  course  in  Taxation  to  be  given  by  Professor  Beale.  But 
revision  of  the  curriculum  must  take  place  in  the  near  future. 
The  present  scheme  of  twenty-three  full  courses  and  eight  half 
courses  offered  to  undergraduates,  and  four  courses  and  four  half 
courses  offered  to  graduates  has  grown  up  gradually  in  the  course 
of  fifty  years  without  much  conscious  planning,  has  been  deter- 
mined in  many  respects  by  the  preferences  of  particular  teachers, 
or  by  curricula  of  the  past  planned  for  a  different  type  of  school, 
and  is  ill-balanced  in  its  details.  Moreover,  consistently  with 
doing  thoroughly  what  is  taken  up  in  the  curriculum,  it  ought  to 
be  possible  for  the  student  to  cover  all  the  important  branches  of 
the  law  in  the  three  years  of  study.  Under  the  present  curriculum 
this  is  not  possible,  and  he  is  left  to  get  up  a  number  of  important 
subjects  by  himself  in  his  own  way.  A  like  situation  obtained  in 
Continental  legal  education  at  one  time.  The  method  of  the 
glossators  and  commentators  was  such  that  no  professor  could 
cover  more  than  a  fraction  of  the  field  in  the  time  allotted  for  study, 
and  no  student  could  expect  more  than  to  learn  method  and  to  be 
conducted  by  the  established  method  over  some  chosen  bit  or 
bits  of  the  law.  The  system  of  Roman  law  as  we  now  know  it  was 
worked  out  in  the  universities  to  meet  this  condition.  System  is 
likewise  indicated  as  the  way  out  for  us.  But  this  does  not  mean 
that  we  are  to  devise  some  systematic  apparatus  at  once  and 
proceed  to  teach  it  dogmatically  as  something  of  inherent  value. 
The  Harvard  Law  School  is  a  professional  school  and  a  school  of 
the  common  law.  There  is  no  authoritative  system  of  the  com- 
mon law  to  be  taught  to  our  students  as  the  system  of  Justinian's 
Institutes  is  taught  to  the  students  of  Roman  Law,  or  as  the 
system  of  a  modern  code  is  taught  in  civil-law  countries.  The  most 
that  may  be  done  is  to  strive  toward  a  system  and  teach  each  sub- 
ject with  reference  thereto  and  in  the  light  thereof. 

No  school  will  ever  be  able  to  teach  everything  which  the  lawyer 
will  need  to  know  even  in  the  way  of  law.  The  law  school  must 
make  a  wise  selection  and  leave  the  rest  to  the  student  himself. 
Nothing  is  more  futile  than  the  idea  that  a  student  may  be  ex- 
pected to  know  nothing  about  a  subject  unless  he  has  had  formal 
instruction  in  a  course  embracing  that  subject,  and  that  he  may 
be  expected  to  know  nothing  of  that  subject  beyond  the  scope  of 
the  course.  New  fields  of  law  are  developing  continually  and 
lawyers  are  expected  to  act  intelligently  in  those  new  fields  without 
previous  study  of  them  in  school.    The  student  must  learn  as  an 


204 


THE  LAW  SCHOOL 


Year 

Whole 
No.  of 

Students 

Total  of 
College 
Grad- 
uates 

Harvard 
Grad- 
uates 

Grad- 
uates 
of  other 
Colleges 

Non- 
Grad- 
uates 

Per  cent 
ofCollege 
Grad- 
uates 

No.  of  Col- 
leges rep- 
resented 

Degrees 
con- 
ferred 

1870-71 

165 

77 

27 

50 

88 

47 

27 

1871-72 

138 

70 

34 

36 

68 

51 

25 

1872-73 

117 

66 

34 

32 

51 

56 

25 

1873-74 

141 

86 

49 

37 

55 

61 

25 

1874-75 

144 

82 

63 

19 

62 

57 

18 

1875-76 

173 

93 

60 

33 

80 

54 

25 

1876-77 

199 

116 

74 

42 

83 

58 

30 

1877-78 

196 

121 

80 

41 

75 

62 

30 

1878-79 

169 

109 

71 

38 

60 

64 

24 

11 

1879-80 

177 

118 

90 

28 

59 

66 

20 

18 

1880-81 

161 

112 

82 

30 

49 

70 

19 

18 

1881-82 

161 

99 

66 

33 

62 

61 

22 

33 

1882-83 

138 

93 

58 

35 

45 

67 

32 

19 

1883-84 

150 

105 

75 

30 

45 

70 

25 

24 

1884-85 

156 

122 

85 

37 

34 

78 

31 

18 

1885-86 

158 

122 

83 

39 

36 

77 

29 

18 

1886-87 

188 

143 

88 

55 

45 

76 

34 

26 

1887-88 

225 

158 

102 

56 

67 

70 

32 

33 

1888-89 

225 

158 

105 

53 

67 

70 

32 

28 

1889-90 

262 

189 

122 

67 

73 

72 

41 

48 

1890-91 

285 

200 

135 

65 

85 

70 

33 

46 

1891-92 

370 

257 

140 

117 

113 

69 

48 

55 

1892-93 

405 

266 

132 

134 

139 

66 

54 

69 

1893-94 

367 

279 

129 

150 

88 

76 

56 

81 

1894-95 

413 

310 

139 

171 

103 

75 

74 

92 

1895-96 

475 

380 

171 

209 

95 

80 

82 

104 

1896-97 

490 

408 

186 

222 

82 

83 

82 

103 

1897-98 

551 

490 

229 

261 

61 

89 

77 

131 

1898-99 

564 

503 

212 

291 

61 

89 

78 

110 

1899-00 

613 

557 

236 

321 

56 

91 

67 

127 

1900-01 

655 

605 

252 

353 

50 

92 

83 

137 

1901-02 

633 

584 

247 

337 

49 

92 

92 

148 

1902-03 

644 

600 

241 

359 

44 

93 

94 

157 

1903-04 

743 

695 

272 

423 

48 

94 

111 

172 

1904-05 

766 

711 

286 

425 

55 

93 

114 

170 

1905-06 

727 

716 

295 

421 

11 

98 

118 

186 

1906-07 

705 

696 

260 

436 

9 

99 

126 

184 

1907-08 

719 

712 

276 

436 

7 

99 

122 

162 

1908-09 

690 

680 

256 

424 

10 

99 

121 

174 

1909-10 

765 

759 

257 

502 

6 

99 

127 

193 

1910-11 

790 

778 

240 

538 

12 

98 

135 

181 

1911-12 

809 

796 

216 

580 

13 

98 

145 

1961 

1912-13 

745 

733 

184 

549 

12 

99 

134 

1772 

1913-14 

696 

693 

176 

517 

3 

99 

139 

1623 

1914-15 

730 

725 

187 

538 

5 

99 

144 

146* 

1915-16 

791 

786 

220 

566 

5 

99 

145 

1744 

1916-17 

857 

852 

210 

642 

5 

99 

155 

1902 

1917-18 

297 

294 

72 

222 

3 

99 

90 

673 

1918-19 

128 

127 

38 

89 

1 

99 

53 

352 

Feb.  '19- 
Aug.  '19 

J307 

285 

47 

238 

22 

93 

100 

674 

1919-20 

883 

859 

214 

645 

18 

98 

155 

149& 

1920-21 

945 

916 

194 

722 

29 

95 

174 

2066 

1921-22 

999 

979 

184 

795 

207 

98 

180 

1  One  of  this  number  received  the  degree  of  S.J.D.,  the  remainder  that  of  LL.B. 

2  Two  of  this  number  received  the  degree  of  S.J.D.,  the  remainder  that  of  LL.B. 

3  Three  of  this  number  received  the  degree  of  S.J.D.,  the  remainder  that  of  LL.B. 

4  Six  of  this  number  received  the  degree  of  S.J.D.,  the  remainder  that  of  LL.B. 

5  Five  of  this  number  received  the  degree  of  S.J.D.,  the  remainder  that  of  LL.B. 

6  Nine  of  this  number  received  the  degree  of  S.J.D.,  the  remainder  that  of  LL.B. 

7  Eleven  of  this  number  are  law  school  graduates ;  the  others  have  all  completed  at  least  three 
years  of  college  work  and  been  in  the  service  at  least  six  months. 


THE   LAW   SCHOOL  205 

essential  part  of  his  professional  training  how  to  master  fields  of 
the  law  with  which  he  has  not  been  made  acquainted  in  the  lecture 
room.  Of  the  new  subjects  which  continually  come  forward  in 
legal  development  some  are  adapted  to  study  in  the  law  school 
and  some  are  not.  Attempt  to  cover  all  details  superficially  is  not 
the  path  for  the  law  school.  It  must  of  necessity  select  those 
things  which  it  can  do  best  and  in  which  teaching  may  do  the  most 
for  the  student,  and  must  teach  those  as  well  as  may  be,  leaving 
the  student  to  do  the  rest  for  himself  as  common-law  lawyers 
have  always  done.  Moreover  in  training  students  drawn  from 
the  whole  country  there  must  be  some  latitude  of  choice  after  a 
common  foundation  has  been  laid  in  the  first  year,  if  the  curric- 
ulum is  to  meet  the  needs  of  different  localities.  Some  subjects 
are  important  for  a  law  office  in  New  York  City  which  are  unim- 
portant for  practice  in  the  country  in  the  West  and  South  and 
vice  versa.  To  this  extent  the  elective  system  must  be  retained 
in  the  second  and  third  years. 

No  doubt  our  goal  should  be  instruction  in  the  law  as  a  whole  — 
in  the  system  of  Anglo-American  law  —  with  certain  special  sub- 
jects superposed.  But  the  time  is  not  ripe  to  abandon  instruction 
by  means  of  courses  in  special  subjects  since  that  mode  of  instruc- 
tion corresponds  exactly  to  the  condition  of  the  law  which  is  to  be 
taught.  Moreover,  because  the  law  is  taught  thus  in  subjects  it 
>y  no  means  follows  that  each  subject  is  to  be  a  legal  world  of  its 
>wn  unrelated  to  the  other  subjects  in  the  curriculum.   Indeed  as 

ings  are  now  students  counteract  any  such  tendency  in  practice 
)y  constantly  bringing  over  ideas  from  one  subject  to  another  and 
sompelling  a  teaching  of  every  subject  with  reference  to  the  doc- 
trines of  every  other.  Any  such  tendency  is  corrected  also  in  some 
measure  by  changing  teachers  from  one  subject  to  another  from 
time  to  time.  It  may  be  admitted  that  the  division  into  subjects 
is  in  some  measure  artificial.  But  it  may  be  made  as  little  artificial 
as  possible  by  teaching  each  subject  in  the  light  of  the  whole 
science  of  law,  and  not  merely  by  a  narrowly  dogmatic  method. 
It  is  submitted  that  this  is  the  right  fine  of  progress  rather  than  to 
divide  the  curriculum  into  two  parts,  one  dogmatic  and  the  other 
abstract  and  theoretical.  Instead  of  adding  an  apparatus  of  theo- 
retical courses  as  such,  the  results  and  modes  of  thought  of  the 
legal  science  of  today  should  be  introduced  into  each  course  in  the 
practical  curriculum,  and  the  student  should  learn  that  science 
as  he  learns  the  common  law  by  studying  its  applications  in  the 
administration  of  justice  and  generalizing  therefrom. 


206 


THE  LAW  SCHOOL 


-npujjc) 


osjnoo 
-jo-mo 


tKiONN 


pgpadg 


pagis 
-s«puQ_ 


CM  ^t-00!0 

C^  i— I  rH  CNJ  •— I 


XVZA 


jBaX  ps 


<M  <N  CM 


OS         OS  t—  CO 

b-  CO  H 

<M         CM 


ai3ai  !jsx 


O         -*  CM  <N  O  <M 

eo       cocococcn 


3p8.il  J9d 


MfflNM 


6^ 

bc,a 
ai   o3 

^  o 
co   be 


•  §  o 


Ixi    «« 

R  Hi 

a 
o 

a 
I 

o 


T3   .  00 

leg     £ 

g  §  00  Ph  * 

2  •£  a  S 

s  s  g  °  a 


•«  S 

00 

.  s^ 

S-a 

bo  flO 

^  w  o> 


££> 


8  » 


O 


o 


*► 


•n        ad 


.2  oa  x*  © 

S  ri  ts    i^    — . 
^         e8   g    O 

03    O  03 

S  g  a,"S    . 

o  'C  ^  ^  o 
OOPhPhH 


T3 
CO 

O  * 

W  o3 

OB     0)     OB 

fcS  a 

?*■§ 

25 


.  o  cd  <y 

•   o  13   d 

.2  qj  a 

.  ft  o  2 
•£g£ 

•Sof 

.     0B  3 

o3  „ob   e3 

§l  a 


•  d  ^ 

go    c 

r^  oo 

•  00  00 

'    SO 

•  a  « 

•  ^      M 

d 

Or* 

•^  2 


U 


*«' 


0)  y-. 


2  h^    "    C 

C_j  *^  rK    e 


o-S 


a  d 


'  e3    o3 


2    d 


bDH5 


3 12  d 


o  s 

ft    d 


to    fl  QJ 

«  g  a 

OS^  o 

W  §  a; 

*  s  * 

o   r  oo 

•J*  g 

§.2  d 

£&$ 

d 


a   § 


d 

o 

en 
M 

Ph 


ddn  « 
^g§ 

so    00    P 

«U   03  JS 

O   d   ej 
^^-^ 

OJ      d 
.  o 

J5S 


-^  d       U 


Mod, 


.     -     -     -   eo 

1  •  •  -'N 

s.s  & 

3a* 


a& 


^ 


Q 


J_     >-,         '     SB     J_      Jh      CC 


o  o 

u   u 
PhPh 


bct> 


Ph  Ph  <!  Ph 


<{      p^ 


a  d,J     j-^ 
® '?  S   '.2  s 

ob  ^  os    •  -5  -c 

a    O  -m  &  ft 

1*1  § II 

«H  Ji  «M  ,5  «H  *J 

op,  0W00 
Ph      ^      PhPh 


THE  LAW  SCHOOL 


207 


CO 


CN  IM   ON  «N  rH  rH  »-H 


"P  nS 

IS 


K  o  «       ■" 

Hi  s.2  . 
"  t»  +2  ^ 
«H  *T3    03    o    gj, 


a^'IS"*'53 

O     00     t-l 

■s  S  & 

SOS 

p  CO  - 

•  s?3.s 

33  r3   C    P    03 
P    fevS 

B    fl    »    o* 

<3.§§H§ 

«  ao  p  « 

-<£,    oJ   ,„   O    CD 

•3£ 


2  i3 


*?¥£ 


?l& 


Kb 


CO 


&   .  p 

a "  © 

ao    O  to 

Si    >  <D 

O  ao 

«  3  « 

rt  p  S' 

p 


•P   P* 

«  p 

US 

•  ^M   ° 
£>  p   ao 

:ws 

.1  p° 

.    ^     CD  ^H 


0>    ao    on 


05     ^ 


p  ao  o3  e8  O  S  bO'S  o3  P  oo 
.  jn  ed  oo  oo  ra  ri  «  ,H  oo  .£5  -^ 


Hi 


Ph 

o 
^O  fe 


•SH 


'H     P 


^      *    03 


s  2  P^h  -h  P-  0)        B  •2  a  <x>  -e 


PL. 

„     *H     ^_ 

o  o  o  & 
OOOW 


.    o  . . 

Ph  Ph  cc 


-   »  a 
T3    03    P    os 


O 


o 

.  o 
cc 

Is 

J>  _H 
c3 


p  a 

h  •  5 

p  W 

!  3 


Sac 

.2 

•a  oo 

i  a 

?i 

H3     *H 

O    £ 

Ph  « 

1-3 


...  S  Ph       ro  5     .  >»0  fe  S  -P  -£  2  P  fe  « 

j  .HI  .MP  3  g^  pis         S'-sT^Ij 


p    p,  g  p    n 

tn    oo    2  U    O 

g  'c  a  « | 

P    3    O  tS    o3 


•n 

•Hi 

0>          o3 
P  ^ 


o3  o 

s    a 

o3  O 

s  --| 

^^  p 

03  ^J    0» 

PhPhS 


OS'S    rfrS     2 

pip 

Pi      PhPhPh 


kH  0» 

^   ^    rP 

.  Ph  Ph 
O  oo  P 
*-•    °  ^ 

Ph^O 

hJ  <H  «W 
oo  O  O 
<a    ^    t-, 

**\  Ph  P-i 


QJ 


0) 


o3   o  P  P 

CC    -*a  <4H  cm 

,.SS  S    r^ 

O^h  (i  B   cj 

^  <4H  <H  «W 

<o    O  O  t*    O 

GO      J_,  Jh  £      (H 


^Wcc^ 


p^  a a^^^  a s 

^  Ph  Ph  Ph  pH  pLj  Ph  |£  cc 

«HHJ«H«M-iJHJ«4-I<t-3«W 
OaooOooooOOO 

Ph<^PhPh<j1<1PhPhPh 


208  THE  LAW  SCHOOL 

Hence  radical  changes  in  the  curriculum  are  not  called  for.  Re- 
vision and  readjustment  will  achieve  all  that  is  desirable.  The 
labor  and  expense  of  preparing  case  books  will  make  even  this 
conservative  program  difficult.  But  it  must  come  soon  and  we 
need  to  be  working  toward  it  at  once. 

Increase  in  the  number  of  students  calls  for  more  effective  meth- 
ods of  applying  the  teaching  power  to  the  student  body.  The 
development  of  a  system  of  the  common  law  whereby  the  elements 
common  to  a  large  number  of  subjects  may  be  presented  effectu- 
ally once  for  all  is  the  direction  in  which  improvement  is  to  be 
sought,  but  the  school  cannot  move  much  faster  than  the  law  in 
this  respect.  It  can  demonstrate  and  can  preach  the  need  of  better 
logical  reconciling  of  the  different  departments  of  our  law  with 
each  other,  and  of  discovering  general  principles  pervading  the 
whole  upon  which  the  phenomena  of  the  different  subjects  may 
be  brought  together.  So  long  as  there  is,  for  example,  one  set  of 
doctrines  governing  the  courts  in  case  of  a  sale  of  a  chattel,  and 
another  set  of  doctrines  and  a  different  mode  of  thought  governing 
in  case  of  a  sale  of  land,  it  is  necessary  to  teach  Anglo-American 
law  in  terms  of  subjects  because  the  law  is  in  that  stage  of  de- 
velopment. 

Two  outstanding  acquisitions  to  the  library  were  made  during 
the  year.  (1)  Paul  Viollet,  Librarian  of  the  Ecole  de  Droit  at 
Paris  and  Professor  of  the  History  of  French  Law  at  the  Ecole  des 
Chartres,  author  of  numerous  authoritative  books  on  the  develop- 
ment of  French  legal  institutions,  died  during  the  war.  As  libra- 
rian, teacher,  and  author  he  had  possessed  and  improved  great 
opportunities  to  collect  the  literature  of  the  history  and  develop- 
ment of  law  of  his  country.  At  his  death  his  widow  hurriedly 
packed  his  library  into  boxes  storing  them  in  cellars  of  friends  and 
relatives  in  Paris  and  the  neighborhood.  There  were  difficulties 
in  getting  them  together  again  but  they  were  finally  overcome 
and  this  school  and  the  Law  School  of  the  University  of  Michigan 
joined  in  the  purchase  of  the  whole  collection.  It  is  now  in  this 
country  in  process  of  distribution  between  the  two  schools.  (2)  The 
large  income  taxes  in  England  resulting  from  the  war  have  forced 
many  families  to  sell  their  family  portraits.  We  have  been  for- 
tunate in  securing,  to  add  to  those  already  here,  more  than  a  dozen 
portraits  of  famous  judges,  several  of  them  of  high  distinction  as 
paintings.  Among  the  new  acquisitions  are  portraits  of  Sir  Mat- 
thew Hale  and  Sir  George  Jeffreys  by  Kneller  which  belong 
chronologically  and  artistically  with  the  same  painter's  portraits 


THE   LAW   SCHOOL  209 

of  Lords  Holt  and  King  already  in  our  possession.  There  are  now 
seventeen  portraits  of  English  judges  hanging  in  the  reading  room 
of  Austin  Hall,  ranging  in  time  from  Sir  Thomas  More  in  the  six- 
teenth century  to  Baron  Huddleston  in  the  nineteenth. 

Further  progress  has  been  made  in  providing  scholarships.  In 
June  1921  Mrs.  Shelton  Hale  gave  over  $4300  to  found  a  scholar- 
ship for  a  first-year  student  in  memory  of  her  husband,  Shelton 
Hale,  LL.B.  1916.  Also  the  Harvard  Law  Club  of  New  York  gave 
a  scholarship  of  $200  for  the  year  1921-22  which  it  expects  to 
renew  annually. 

Publication  of  a  third  volume  in  the  Harvard  Studies  in  Juris- 
prudence was  made  possible  by  the  generosity  of  George  W.  Wight- 
man  (LL.B.  1915)  of  the  Boston  bar,  and  a  publication  fund  to 
enable  us  to  publish  a  series  of  Harvard  Studies  in  Administrative 
Law  was  given  by  Walter  E.  Meyer  (LL.B.  1904)  of  New  York. 

Two  tables  are  appended,  one  showing  the  growth  of  the  school 
in  point  of  numbers,  and  the  other  giving  data  as  to  the  courses 
of  study  offered  during  the  past  year. 

ROSCOE  POUND,  Dean. 


THE  FACULTY  OF  MEDICINE 

To  the  President  of  the  University:  — 

Sir,  —  The  most  important  occurrence  of  the  past  year  in  con- 
nection with  the  Medical  School  has  been  the  provision  for  the 
establishment  of  a  School  of  Public  Health  on  a  broad  basis,  a 
provision  made  possible  through  the  large  gift  of  the  Rockefeller 
Foundation  and  the  allocation  by  the  University  of  certain  exist- 
ing budgets  and  some  further  funds  to  this  purpose.  Since  this  is 
to  be  a  "School"  and  will  have  a  distinct  Faculty,  it  may  not  be 
apparent  at  once  why  it  is  of  such  importance  to  the  Medical 
School.  A  consideration  however  of  the  past  and  present  relations 
of  medicine  and  public  health,  and  also  of  the  projected  organiza- 
tion of  the  School  of  Public  Health  and  its  prospective  relations 
to  the  Medical  School,  will  make  apparent  why  it  has  a  strong 
bearing  upon  the  Medical  School's  future.  This  bearing  is  so 
decided  indeed  that  it  is  not  improbable  that  the  present  develop- 
ment will  prove  to  be  the  most  important  one  for  many  years  in 
its  influence  upon  the  future  prominence  and  activity  of  the  Medi- 
cal School. 

Let  one  reflect  upon  the  changes  that  have  occurred  in  the  past 
few  decades  in  the  relations  of  the  public  health  organization  to 
the  individual  practitioner  of  medicine,  in  the  extent  of  the  prov- 
ince of  public  health,  and  in  its  powers  of  accomplishment.  The 
question  will  then  at  once  arise  whether  an  extremely  powerful 
influence  can  continue  long  to  be  exerted  by  any  institution  that 
teaches  medicine  unless  it  makes  broad  provision  for  the  changes 
that  have  already  occurred  and  for  those  that  are  to  come.  This 
would  mean  provision  for  studying  and  contributing  to  the  knowl- 
edge and  methods  of  control,  prevention  and  even  actual  eradica- 
tion of  disease  in  the  mass  as  well  as  in  the  individual;  provision 
for  training  the  practitioner  of  medicine  in  the  elements  of  these 
matters  in  such  way  that  he  may  meet  capably  the  frequent  situa- 
tions in  which  he  necessarily  has  serious  responsibility  toward  the 
public  health  as  well  as  toward  his  individual  patients;  and  like- 
wise, provision  for  producing  experts  well  prepared  to  guide  and 
develop  the  technical  administration  of  public  health  measures. 
It  would  seem  at  present  dangerously  complacent  to  consider  pro- 
vision for  this  unnecessary. 


THE  FACULTY  OF  MEDICINE  211 

It  is  not  long  since  the  major  activities  of  the  public  health 
organization  were  comprised  under  the  recording  and  quarantin- 
ing of  transmissible  disease  and  those  other  matters  that  are  now 
found  in  the  division  of  sanitary  engineering,  namely  water  and 
sewerage  systems  and  the  like.  By  the  physician  the  public  health 
organization  was  viewed  as  a  necessary  and  useful  one  to  maintain 
these  things  but  one  with  which  he  might  easily  have  an  annoying 
experience  if  not  very  attentive  to  regulations  which  were  not 
always  tactfully  administered.  The  physician's  view  of  his  per- 
sonal responsibility  toward  the  public  health  was  chiefly  in  fol- 
lowing these  regulations  imposed  by  others  and  in  preventing  the 
spread  of  highly  contagious  diseases,  but  in  the  latter  the  thought 
was  of  his  patient's  family  more  than  of  the  community.  His 
duties  were  therefore  looked  upon  as  almost  entirely  to  the  indi- 
viduals who  had  personal  relations  with  him.  The  relations  be- 
tween the  practising  profession  and  the  public  health  organiza- 
tion were  naturally  not  very  helpfully  coordinated  and  not  free 
from  antagonism. 

Remnants  of  antagonism  still  exist,  but  the  relations  between 
the  physician  and  the  public  health  organization  have  nevertheless 
been  widely  and  fundamentally  altered.  The  duties  of  each  have 
become  more  complex;  they  have  become  increasingly  and  already 
inextricably  interwoven  and  dependent  upon  each  other ;  and  each 
has  a  constantly  increasing  responsibility  toward  the  other  and  an 
increasing  need  for  a  comprehension  of  the  principles  on  which 
the  other  works  and  the  serious  relation  that  each  has  to  the  suc- 
cess of  the  other's  efforts. 

The  knowledge  that  they  employ  is  in  large  part  the  same. 
Even  the  methods  of  application  of  this  knowledge  have  become 
thoroughly  interlaced  in  many  ways.  A  large  part  of  the  duties  of 
the  public  health  organization,  especially  the  administrative  and 
engineering  duties,  are  of  an  entirely  different  stamp  from  those 
of  the  physician.  The  same  is  true  of  much  of  the  physician's  activ- 
ities; with  many  of  them  the  public  health  officer  has  nothing  to 
do.  But  in  increasingly  broad  ways  the  work  of  each  is  the  same 
in  essence  and  different  only  in  aim.  Diagnosis  and  treatment  for 
example  were  once  purely  in  the  domain  of  the  practitioner  of 
medicine.  But  prompt  and  reliable  diagnosis  means  prompt  con- 
trol of  danger  to  the  public.  Among  the  consequences  of  this  is 
the  fact  that  things  have  gradually  come  to  the  point  where  tech- 
nical methods  of  diagnosis,  in  the  infectious  diseases  especially, 
are  now  far  more  largely  supplied  to  physicians  by  public  health 


212  THE  FACULTY  OF  MEDICINE 

laboratories  than  by  physicians  themselves.  In  some  cases  even 
expert  clinicians  are  retained  by  health  departments  with  final 
diagnostic  authority  over  attending  physicians  in  doubtful  cases. 
Effectual  treatment,  especially  in  the  transmissible  diseases  means 
a  shorter  time  that  each  case  can  be  a  menace.  Constant  reduc- 
tion of  the  menace  through  treatment  means  ultimate  control  or 
disappearance  of  the  disease ;  and  already  in  some  infectious  dis- 
eases treatment  has  been  devised  that  is  so  prompt  and  effectual 
in  its  results  that  the  extermination  of  these  diseases,  chiefly 
through  treatment,  is  rationally  conceivable,  for  infectious  dis- 
eases live  mostly  by  constantly  reinfecting  other  living  subjects, 
their  growth  being  in  the  main  in  such  living  subjects  rather  than 
in  sewers  and  in  other  obscure  places.  Some  of  the  most  important 
means  of  treatment  are  now  produced  by  the  public  health  au- 
thorities and  supplied  by  them  without  cost,  with  ready  recogni- 
tion of  the  good  to  the  individual  who  is  ill  but  with  the  public 
at  large  and  lessened  disease  in  the  future  as  the  real  aim  in  view. 
All  this  increases  constantly. 

In  infectious  diseases,  in  diseases  due  to  occupation,  and  in  some 
nutritional  diseases,  it  is  already  true  —  and  the  numbers  and 
kinds  of  diseases  always  increase  —  that  both  the  health  agent 
and  the  physician  greet,  each  as  his  own  gain,  every  concrete  step 
in  the  search  for  cause,  diagnosis  or  cure,  the  one  as  an  advance  in 
controlling  or  ultimately  actually  eradicating  the  disease  itself, 
the  other  as  a  means  of  reducing  suffering  and  fatality  in  the 
individual  sick. 

But  this  even  is  only  a  part  of  the  change.  Disease  of  almost 
any  kind  is  precipitated  upon  the  individual  very  frequently  either 
directly  or  indirectly  by  faulty  habits  of  life  —  habits  in  food, 
dress,  care  of  the  body,  and  various  things  that  can  in  time  be 
largely  corrected  by  education,  advice  and  personal  guidance. 
Clifford  Allbutt  aptly  said  that  tuberculosis  has  been  to  the  phy- 
sician a  flogging  schoolmaster,  driving  into  him  through  knowl- 
edge of  the  great  scourge  recognition  of  fruitful  general  methods 
of  attacking  most  disease.  But  the  public  health  agent  has  been 
a  pupil  of  the  same  master.  He  now  educates  the  public  at  large, 
but  also  advises  and  guides  the  individual  through  his  force,  j 
especially  through  the  public  health  nurse,  and  thus  exercises 
what  again  was  long  solely  in  the  province  of  the  physician, 
namely  the  supervision  of  nursing  and  personal  advice  to  the 
individual.  His  aim  here  also  is  not  the  individual,  but  accumu- 
lated individuals  together  make  the  mass. 


THE  FACULTY  OF  MEDICINE  213 

It  is  a  vastly  different  picture  from  a  quarter  century  ago.  The 
public  health  organization  contributes  through  the  physician  to 
the  healing  of  the  sick  much  that  is  of  essential  importance  in 
diagnosis  and  treatment  and  in  increasing  degree  it  contributes 
even  in  direct  ministration  to  individuals.  The  physician  con- 
tributes to  the  health  organization  most  of  the  data  upon  which 
it  bases  its  statistical  and  other  guides  for  the  changing  directions 
of  its  activities.  He  applies  to  the  individual  who  has  disease  that 
menaces  the  public  the  measures  which  the  public  health  officer 
directs  or  advises  but  which  could  not  succeed  if  the  health  officer 
did  not  have  trained  and  sincere  cooperation  from  the  physician. 
The  physician  once  dealt  chiefly  with  pronounced  disease;  he 
has  long  since  added  to  this  as  his  more  important  work  the  arrest 
or  cure  of  early  and  slight  disease  or  of  disease  only  suspected.  In 
recent  years  he  very  commonly  but  still  in  a  somewhat  tentative 
way  advises  his  clientele  in  regard  to  the  prevention  of  possible 
but  not  yet  existing  disease.  He  is  already  a  physician  en  gros  and 
a  health  officer  eh  detail  if  he  is  trained  in  and  meets  the  oppor- 
tunities and  responsibilities  that  are  open  to  him. 

All  the  details  that  have  been  mentioned  are  more  or  less  ob- 
vious and  well  known.  They  are  only  the  main  features  of  a  far 
more  complex  picture.  Put  together  in  a  picture,  however,  they 
would  appear  to  make  it  beyond  question  that  an  institution  that 
educates  men  in  medicine  does  not  now  educate  adequately  unless 
it  fits  them  for  their  part  in  this  picture.  And  it  can  scarcely 
be  claimed  that  medical  schools  do  this,  even  now,  completely. 
It  is  not  so  much  the  details  of  knowledge  that  are  omitted;  the 
knowledge  needed  for  his  public  health  relations  is  for  the  most 
part  the  same,  as  has  been  indicated,  as  that  that  the  physician 
needs  and  acquires  when  well  prepared  for  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine. Some  things  should  be  added  to  it,  not  in  extensive  detail 
but  in  the  form  of  the  principles  that  guide  public  health.  The 
chief  thing  needed,  however,  is  to  make  the  public  health  aspects 
of  the  physician's  knowledge  and  of  his  activities  more  visible  and 
living.  This  will,  in  any  really  adequate  form,  come  slowly.  The 
changes  above  mentioned  have  in  chief  part  grown  up  very  re- 
cently and  most  teachers  of  medicine  are  trained  almost  exclu- 
sively with  a  view  to  the  individual  sick.  Adequate  presentation 
of  the  double  viewpoint  will  not  come  until  it  permeates  the  minds 
of  those  who  conduct  almost  all  the  various  courses  instead  of 
being  still,  at  best,  treated  in  the  general  scheme  —  as  public 
health  itself  was  a  generation  ago  —  as  a  valuable  but  a  rather 


214  THE  FACULTY  OF  MEDICINE 

minor  portion  of  health  activities,  boxed  off  in  its  own  depart- 
ment and  a  thing  quite  distinct  in  most  ways  from  the  physician's 
practical  activities. 

The  development  needed  can  come  about  most  promptly  and 
effectively  by  the  intimate  correlation  that  is  projected  between 
the  School  of  Medicine  and  the  School  of  Public  Health  and  the 
consequent  and  almost  inevitable  infiltration,  not  simply  of  the 
knowledge  but  even  more  the  infiltration  of  the  interests  and  the 
atmosphere  of  each  into  the  other.  But  if  this  is  needed  now  more 
than  it  is  done,  it  can  scarcely  be  doubted,  when  we  consider  the 
speed  and  the  extent  of  the  changes  referred  to,  the  enormous  ad- 
ditions that  have  been  made  within  a  very  few  years  to  the  effec- 
tiveness of  public  health  and  the  extent  to  which  the  public  has 
come  to  recognize  these  things,  that  in  a  few  years  more  it  will  be 
essential  and  demanded. 

Further  intertwining  of  the  relations  between  the  two  are  well 
nigh  certain.  This  is  already  sharply  recognized  in  the  activities 
of  the  nurse.  The  least  disturbance  of  the  home,  the  greatest 
effectiveness  and  the  greatest  economy  are  reached  when  the  one 
nurse  ministers  to  the  sick  and  instructs  and  guides  the  family  in 
general  health  matters  and  also  reports  her  data  back  to  the  health 
department.  This  of  course  is  chiefly  with  the  indigent,  but  the 
very  poor,  in  so  far  as  they  fall  under  organized  health  activities, 
are  those  who  profit  most  promptly  by  all  health  progress.  In 
the  direct  relations  of  the  nurse  then,  Government,  the  public, 
the  family,  the  sick  individual  are  all  included.  There  are  obvious 
difficulties  in  developing  such  relations  for  the  physician  but  there 
is  no  inherent  reason  why  similar  relations  may  not  before  many 
years  appear  and  the  practitioner  still  preserve  the  independence 
in  his  main  activities  that  he  cherishes  beyond  all  things.  What- 
ever the  changes  may  be  there  is  every  indication  that  it  will  not 
be  another  generation  before  one  may  question  —  as  between  the 
practice  of  medicine  and  preventive  medicine  —  which  is  the  right 
hand,  which  the  left  in  doing  the  public  service. 

These  considerations  alone  would  probably  have  forced  before 
long  a  decisive  development  here  in  public  health.  But  a  further 
compelling  influence  is  already  the  economic  one,  and  this  bids 
fair  to  increase  indefinitely.  The  economic  value,  especially  of  the 
preventive  results,  is  of  course  the  dominating  reason  for  the  wide 
extension  of  health  services  in  industrial  establishments.  The 
economic  importance,  which  is  at  times  profound,  of  the  control 
or  eradication  of  particular  diseases  that  threaten  whole  com- 


THE  FACULTY  OF  MEDICINE  215 

munities  and  equally  threaten  all  business  undertakings  in  those 
communities  has  been  shown  by  the  success  in  the  control  or  eradi- 
cation of  some  diseases  in  certain  localities,  particularly  malaria 
and  yellow  fever.  Gradually  the  economic  aspects  of  any  and  all 
disease,  the  loss  entailed  upon  the  community,  the  employer,  the 
individual,  is  becoming  sufficiently  definite  —  instead  of  a  rather 
hazy  consideration  —  to  make  it  a  strong  force.  It  will  probably 
not  be  very  long  before  the  business  aspects  of  health,  in  addition 
to  the  humane,  will  compel  the  doctor  as  well  as  the  public  health 
officer  to  exercise  all  possible  preventive  skill  and  will  equally 
compel  medical  schools  to  provide  that  skill.  We  are  fortunate  in 
being  able  to  develop  with  the  demand  and  we  may  hope  to  take 
part  in  producing  that  demand. 

The  coordinate  development  of  medicine  and  public  health,  of 
service  to  both  the  individual  and  the  mass,  will  be  made  relatively 
easy  by  the  projected  plan  of  having  the  School  of  Public  Health 
immediately  alongside  the  Medical  School,  the  general  adminis- 
tration the  same  and  the  Faculties  intimately  interlocking.  A 
number  of  departments  will  give  required  general  courses  in  each 
School  and  most  of  the  departments  in  either  School  will  offer 
electives  to  students  of  the  other  School.  There  is  obviously  a 
great  economy  in  the  avoidance  of  duplication  of  certain  depart- 
ments that  are  needed  in  almost  identical  general  form  in  both 
Schools.  Not  impossibly  an  even  greater  effect  than  economy  will 
come  from  the  intermingling  of  a  great  variety  of  activities  and 
interests  in  the  two  Schools. 

The  development  of  public  health  teaching  and  research  on  a 
broad  scale  in  coordination  with  the  Medical  School  has  been  made 
far  more  easily  possible  by  the  gradual  establishment  in  the  Medi- 
cal School  itself  during  the  last  two  decades  of  certain  departments 
that  do  not  exist  in  most  medical  schools  but  that  are  valuable, 
in  part  as  now  essential  requirements  in  the  course,  in  part  for  the 
opportunities  they  offer  graduate  students  or  as  elective  subjects 
for  undergraduates  in  medicine.  But  all  these  departments  are 
essential  in  a  broad  School  of  Public  Health  —  The  Departments 
of  Preventive  Medicine,  Comparative  Pathology,  Tropical  Medi- 
cine and  Industrial  Medicine.  It  is  impossible  to  avoid  noting  that 
the  funds  that  made  the  last  two  mentioned  possible  and  that 
therefore  had  so  largely  to  do  with  stimulating  this  present  develop- 
ment in  public  health  came  almost  entirely  through  the  initiative, 
the  wide  vision  and  the  devoted  exertions  of  one  who  has  taught 


216  THE  FACULTY  OF  MEDICINE 

the  practice  of  medicine  all  his  life  —  the  distinguished  Jackson 
Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine,  Emeritus. 

The  establishment  of  such  a  School  has  been  vastly  aided  by, 
and  the  gift  toward  its  establishment  largely  due  to,  the  existence 
of  and  the  things  accomplished  by  the  Harvard  University- 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology  School  of  Public  Health. 
The  place  of  this  organization  will  be  taken  by  the  new  School. 
That  combined  School  has  been  really  in  essence  a  voluntary  as- 
sociation of  the  Professor  of  Preventive  Medicine  in  the  Medical 
School,  the  Professor  of  Sanitary  Engineering  in  Harvard  Uni- 
versity, and  the  late  Professor  Sedgwick  in  the  Massachusetts 
Institute  of  Technology.  Through  the  exertions  of  these  three, 
with  the  assistance  of  others  interested,  but  without  financial 
help  and  without  recompense,  there  was  established  nine  years 
ago  the  first  real  course  for  health  officers  in  this  country.  During 
these  nine  years  there  have  been  in  this  School  195  students  com- 
ing from  all  parts  of  this  country  and  from  twelve  other  countries. 
During  this  time  also,  provision  has  been  made  by  the  Depart- 
ment of  Preventive  Medicine  for  those  who  wish  to  work  for  the 
doctorate  in  public  health,  and  19  men  have  received  the  degree 
D.P.H.  from  Harvard  University.  The  importance  of  the  foun- 
dations that  have  been  laid  by  this  group  of  men  for  what  is  now 
about  to  be  undertaken  can  not  be  passed  over  without  emphasis. 


There  have  been  a  number  of  changes  of  importance  in  the  Fac- 
ulty of  the  School  and  in  its  facilities.  The  Professor  of  Pediatrics 
resigned  after  a  service  in  teaching  highly  acceptable  to  the  stu- 
dents and  graduates.  His  position  has  been  filled  by  calling  Pro- 
fessor Oscar  M.  Schloss  of  Cornell  Medical  School  in  New  York. 
With  this  change  has  come  an  arrangement  for  an  increased  inti- 
macy of  cooperation  between  the  Children's  and  Infants'  Hospitals 
which  will  be  of  great  value  in  prosecuting  the  study  and  teaching 
of  the  diseases  of  infancy  and  childhood.  There  has  also  been 
established  at  the  City  Hospital  under  the  general  direction  of 
the  Professor  of  Pediatrics  a  new  service  in  diseases  of  children 
which  will  in  a  very  valuable  way  increase  the  opportunities  of 
the  Department  for  teaching  and  research  and  for  developing 
young  men  expert  in  Pediatrics. 

The  City  Hospital  has  also  arranged  to  build  a  new  and  excel- 
lent laboratory  for  clinical  investigation,  and  coincident  with  this 
a  Full  Professor  has  been  put  in  charge  of  the  Harvard  service  in 


THE  FACULTY  OF  MEDICINE  217 

Medicine  at  the  City  Hospital,  who  will  be  also  the  Director  of 
the  Laboratory  for  Clinical  Research  with  good  facilities  for  both 
teaching  and  research.  Associate  Professor  Francis  W.  Peabody 
has  been  advanced  to  a  Full  Professorship  and  put  in  charge  of 
this  medical  unit.  In  addition  to  this,  the  City  Hospital  has 
established  a  small  service  for  cases  of  tropical  disease  and  this 
has  been  put  under  the  supervision  of  the  Department  of  Tropical 
Medicine  and  under  the  personal  charge  of  Dr.  George  C.  Shattuck, 
who  has  been  made  Assistant  Professor  of  Tropical  Medicine. 

With  the  changes  that  occurred  a  year  ago  in  Psychiatry  and 
Neuropathology  it  has  been  possible  to  carry  out  a  very  much 
more  intimate  and  satisfactory  correlation  between  the  activities 
in  the  Department  of  Neurology,  those  in  Neuropathology,  and 
those  in  Psychiatry  at  the  Psychopathic  Hospital,  and  during 
the  year  there  has  been  developed  very  intimate  cooperation  be- 
tween these  three  departments. 

There  have  also  been  developed  further  elements  of  correlation 
between  the  various  departments  in  the  School,  and  particularly 
the  Department  of  Medicine  has  now  in  active  operation  the  be- 
ginning of  a  system  which  it  is  hoped  will  intimately  coordinate 
the  student's  knowledge  of  Physiology,  Biochemistry  and  Pathol- 
ogy with  his  work  in  General  Medicine.  The  teachers  in  these 
various  departments  will  take  active  part  in  a  limited  way  in  the 
actual  course  in  Medicine  in  order  to  endeavor  in  that  very  posi- 
tive way  to  make  the  earlier  subjects  a  real  part  of  the  later  and 
at  the  same  time  to  endeavor  to  correlate  the  research  activities 
of  the  laboratory  and  the  clinical  departments.  The  work  in  the 
Department  of  Pediatrics  is  also  being  correlated  with  the  work 
in  the  Department  of  Medicine  in  order  to  clarify  both  and  to  avoid 
duplication. 

The  members  of  the  Committee  on  General  Examination  have 
given  a  very  great  deal  of  time  and  consideration  to  their  work 
and  this  Committee  continues  to  add  valuable  contributions  to 
the  study  of  the  effective  and  defective  elements  in  the  general 
course  in  Medicine. 

A  number  of  valuable  contributions  in  research  have  been  made 
throughout  the  year  by  practically  all  the  important  departments. 
Extensive  mention  of  them  is  impossible  but  it  is  desirable  to  note 
one  as  a  very  comprehensible  example  of  the  usefulness  of  much 
of  this  work.  The  Department  of  Pharmacology,  in  continuing  its 
investigations  made  in  cooperation  with  the  Interdepartmental 
Social  Hygiene  Board,  has  discovered  the  cause  of  some  of  the 


218  THE  FACULTY  OF  MEDICINE 

untoward  effects  produced  by  drugs  employed  in  the  treatment  of 
syphilis  and  has  also  shown  how  these  may  be  avoided;  and  in 
the  same  investigation  the  Department  has  continued  to  cooperate 
with  the  State  Department  of  Health  in  the  manufacture  of  ar- 
sphenamine  ("606")  and  has  developed  a  product  of  better  quality 
than  the  commercial  preparations,  which  is  made  at  less  than  one- 
sixth  of  the  cost  of  the  latter  and  is  now  available  in  amounts 
sufficient  to  meet  the  needs  of  the  State  hospitals  and  clinics. 

The  numbers  of  both  undergraduate  and  graduate  students  in 
Medicine  have  increased  during  the  year.  The  numbers  of  students 
of  various  kinds  have  been  as  follows: 

Medical  School 444 

Graduate  Courses 641 

Tropical  Medicine 6 

Industrial  Hygiene 16 

School  of  Public  Health 24 

Undergraduate  and  Graduate  students  in  the  Arts  and  Sciences 

working  in  the  Medical  Sciences 17 

Total 1148 

All  the  special  kinds  of  students  were  taking  all  or  almost  all  of 
their  work  in  the  Medical  School. 

In  addition  there  were 143 

Dental  students  being  taught  in  the  Medical  School  last  year, 
making  the  total  number  of  students  under  instruction  in 
the  Medical  School 1291 

DAVID  L.  EDSALL,  Dean. 


THE  DENTAL  SCHOOL 

To  the  President  of  the  University:  — 

Sir,  —  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report  for  the 
academic  year  1920-21. 

The  total  number  of  students  registered  was  232,  distributed 
as  follows : 

Fourth-year  students 46 

Third-year  students 37 

Second-year  students 68 

First-year  students 79 

Special  students 2 

Total 232 

The  following  courses  were  conducted  as  usual :  Drawing,  Chem- 
istry, Comparative  Anatomy,  English,  Histology,  Anatomy, 
Physiology,  Preventive  Dentistry  and  Oral  Hygiene,  Oral  Anat- 
omy, Oral  Histology  and  Pathology,  Prosthetic  Technique, 
Operative  Technique,  Materia  Medica  and  Pharmacology,  Dental 
Pathology,  Operative  Dentistry,  Theory  and  Practice,  Prosthetic 
Dentistry,  Theory  and  Practice,  Crown  and  Bridge  Prosthesis, 
Theory  and  Practice,  Extraction  and  Anaesthesia,  Inlay  Work, 
Radiography,  Surgery,  Surgical  Pathology  and  Oral  Surgery, 
Orthodontia,  Theory  and  Practice,  Physical  Diagnosis,  Dental 
Jurisprudence  and  Conduct  of  Practice,  Syphilology,  Neurology, 
and  Applied  Therapeutics. 

On  account  of  the  decision  to  place  Bacteriology  and  General 
Pathology  forward  into  the  third  year,  beginning  in  1921-22,  these 
subjects  were  omitted  last  year.  Bacteriology  will  be  resumed  as 
a  regular  course  in  1921-22  and  General  Pathology  in  1922-23, 
thus  bringing  these  two  courses  together  in  the  first  semester  of  the 
junior  year. 

In  June,  1921,  we  graduated  thirty-five  men,  the  first  senior 
class  under  the  four-year  requirement. 

The  class  established  the  Phi  Sigma  Tau  Scholarship  Fraternity. 
To  be  eligible  to  this  Society  a  student  must  pass  all  of  his  examina- 
tions with  an  average  grade  of  not  less  than  90%. 

The  Committee  on  Scholarships  in  the  Dental  School  recom- 
mended to  the  President  and  Fellows  that  the  stipend  from  the 


220  THE  DENTAL  SCHOOL 

Eugene  Hanes  Smith  Scholarship  be  given  to  a  senior,  Harry 
Moses  Ostrander,  and  it  was  so  awarded. 

In  October,  1920,  a  friend  of  the  Dean  gave  $2500  to  be  added  to 
the  Eugene  Hanes  Smith  Scholarship,  making  the  principal  sum  of 
this  scholarship  at  the  present  time  $4790.  This  and  the  Joseph 
Eveleth  Scholarship  are  the  only  scholarships  directly  under  the 
control  of  the  Dental  School,  and  the  School  is  sadly  in  need  of 
more  such  scholarships. 

Dr.  John  Collins  Warren  presented  to  the  School  a  photostat  of  a 
page  from  the  Illustrated  London  News  of  January  9,  1847,  an- 
nouncing the  introduction  of  ether  in  England  and  giving  the  his- 
tory of  its  discovery  by  Dr.  Morton. 

On  April  8  we  held  at  the  School  a  Homecoming  for  our  grad- 
uates. The  various  departments  of  teaching  made  attractive  and 
interesting  exhibits  of  their  methods  of  teaching.  Supper  was 
served  at  7  p.m.,  followed  by  a  social  evening.  Over  three  hundred 
of  our  graduates  were  present.  It  was  very  successful  in  every  way, 
and  made  so  through  the  arduous  work  of  Dr.  Lawrence  W.  Baker, 
ably  assisted  by  the  teachers  and  students  of  the  several  depart- 
ments. 

The  Research  Department  of  the  School,  known  as  the  Harriet 
Newell  Lowell  Society  for  Dental  Research,  has  held  five  meetings 
during  the  year.  The  speakers  were  Dean  Smith,  Professor  Rose- 
nau,  Professor  Percy  Howe,  and  Dr.  Harry  Jerome  Baker.  At  the 
May  meeting  the  following  students  who  had  done  research  work 
during  the  year  submitted  their  report  and  received  certificates  of 
active  fellowship :  Howell  F.  Shannon,  Lloyd  E.  Flagg,  Frederick 
A.  Trevor,  William  R.  Pepin,  Louis  G.  Barrett,  and  Harry  M. 
Ostrander.  Students  Henry  J.  Carney  and  William  J.  Ream  con- 
tinued their  work  on  soluble  salts  in  saliva  and  urine  and  the  com- 
parative abrasive  qualities  of  dentifrices.  Their  papers  will  be  pub- 
lished in  the  December  Journal  of  Dental  Research. 

Assistant  Professor  H.  Carlton  Smith  reports  the  following  from 
the  Research  Laboratory. 

Hydrogen-Ion  Concentration  of  Saliva 

"  During  the  past  year  over  one  hundred  samples  of  saliva  have 
been  examined  for  their  Hydrogen-ion  Concentration  and  a  study 
made  of  the  oral  conditions  in  so  far  as  we  were  able  to  obtain 
reliable  information  concerning  them.  Although  our  analyses  do 
not  all  agree  we  have  made  several  observations  which  we  feel  are 
at  least  a  basis  for  further  work  in  this  subject. 


THE   DENTAL   SCHOOL  221 

"From  the  analyses  made  we  found  that  the  Hydrogen-ion  Con- 
centration (pH)  of  the  majority  of  salivas  lies  between  7.00  and  8.00 
or  between  neutrality  and  N-1,000,000  alkali. 

"With  a  great  many  cases  of  patients  with  pyorrhea  or  with  a 
tendency  to  erosion  the  determination  of  the  pH  showed  a  decided 
increase  in  acidity  one  case  giving  a  result  of  5.7.  This  observation 
in  the  case  of  the  pyorrhea  patients  supports  the  suggestion  of- 
fered previously  in  the  Research  Proceedings  that  in  general  a 
condition  of  mild  acidosis  accompanies  pyorrhea. 

"The  relation  between  simple  or  uncomplicated  caries  and  the 
Hydrogen-ion  Concentration  was  not  apparent  in  the  cases  ex- 
amined but  it  was  observed  that  in  cases  where  the  tendency  to 
deposit  salivary  calculi  was  marked  the  Hydrogen-ion  Concentra- 
tion was  high.  These  results  gave  results  7.4-7.6.  Based  upon  a 
statement  by  Dr.  Loeb  of  the  Rockefeller  Institute  for  Medical 
Research,  New  York,  to  the  effect  that  the  Hydrogen-ion  Concen- 
tration is  very  largely  responsible  for  the  action  of  protein  on 
metals  and  on  acid  radicals,  we  suggest  the  following  hypothesis  in 
regard  to  tartar  formation. 

"When  salivary  proteins  (as  mucin)  are  present  in  a  solution  con- 
taining CaHP04  (saliva)  they  will  combine  with  the  calcium  at  the 
pH  of  healthy  normal  saliva  (7.2)  and  produce  the  '  protective 
colloid '  which  prevents  the  precipitation  of  Ca3(P04)2  or  tartar. 
When  the  action  of  this  protective  colloid  is  disturbed,  perhaps  by 
increased  pH,  the  acid  character  of  the  calcium  salts  causes  a  union 
with  the  alkali  and  3CaHP04  becomes  an  alkaline  phosphate  and 
a  trimetallic  lime  salt,  which  is  deposited.  The  action  of  the  pro- 
tective colloid  is  not  a  theory  but  a  well  established  fact  of  phys- 
iological chemistry.  The  presence  of  Ca3(P04)2  in  tartar  is  likewise 
a  well  established  fact.  The  thing  to  be  proven  and  in  which  we 
invite  cooperation  and  suggestion  is  the  determination  of  the  exact 
conditions  necessary  to  produce  the  precipitation  of  the  calcium 
phosphate. 

Nephritic  Saliva 

"Some  time  ago  the  suggestion  came  to  us  that  it  might  be  very 
interesting  and  perhaps  valuable  to  make  a  comparative  study  of 
some  of  the  solids  in  saliva  and  those  in  blood,  inasmuch  as  the 
constituents  of  the  saliva  are  dialyzed  through  from  the  blood,  and 
then  again  the  circulation.  During  this  past  year  with  the  co- 
operation of  Dr.  O'Hare  of  the  Peter  Bent  Brigham  Hospital,  a 
considerable  number  of  analyses  have  been  made  on  saliva  obtained 
from  nephritic  patients,  and  these  results  obtained  compared  with 


222  THE  DENTAL  SCHOOL 

those  of  the  blood  analyses  of  the  day.  Urea,  nitrogen,  chlorine, 
and  creatinine  have  been  the  substances  particularly  watched  and 
it  is  quite  evident  from  our  work  that  the  blood  and  saliva  give 
very  much  the  same  analysis  as  far  as  these  substances  are  con- 
cerned." 

Professor  Smith  truly  says  "to  create  and  to  stimulate  desire  for 
independent  research  is  perhaps  the  chief  aim  of  our  Research 
Society  and  it  was  very  gratifying  this  year  to  have  so  many  of  our 
members  carrying  on  some  line  of  research  study." 

Howell  F.  Shannon  and  William  R.  Pepin  received  the  annual 
medal  of  the  Society  for  original  work  in  scientific  study  of  inlay 
technique;  Frederick  A.  Trevor,  '22,  for  "  A  Suggestion  Designed  to 
Insure  Margins  in  Casting  against  Metal " ;  Lloyd  E.  Flagg,  '22,  for 
" Electrical  Conductivity  of  Oral  Fluids." 

Assistant  Professor  Kurt  H.  Thoma,  in  addition  to  the  reading 
of  many  papers  and  the  giving  of  many  clinics  before  societies 
throughout  the  country,  has  published  the  following : 

American  Text  Book  of  Dentistry,  by  Ward,  Lea  &  Febiger,  Phila.  Penn., 
contribution  —  " Roentgen  Diagnosis  in  Operative  Dentistry,"  Sep- 
tember, 1920. 

Oral  Hygiene,  by  Fones,  Lea  &  Febiger,  Phila.  Penn.,  contribution  — 
"The  Relation  of  Oral  Infections  to  General  Health,"  November, 
1920. 

Article  in  bulletin  of  Mass.  Dept.  of  Public  Health  (The  Commonwealth), 
on  "The  Pathology  of  Dental  Infections  in  Childhood." 

Article  in  Boston  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  December,  1920,  "Con- 
tribution to  the  Knowledge  of  Cysts  of  the  Jaws." 

Article  in  the  Journal  of  the  National  Dental  Association,  May,  1921, 
"The  Use  of  the  Roentgen  Ray  for  Diagnosis  of  Surgical  Diseases  of 
the  Mouth." 

Dr.  Percy  Howe,  Assistant  Professor  of  Dental  Research  and 
Director  of  the  Forsyth  Laboratory  of  Research,  reports  the  follow- 
ing work  done  in  the  Forsyth  Laboratory : 

"During  the  past  year,  we  have  carried  out  some  carefully  con- 
trolled experiments  of  the  effect  of  various  food  combinations  upon 
the  teeth  of  guinea  pigs.  Dr.  McCollum  of  Johns  Hopkins  has 
been  kind  enough  to  look  over  some  of  our  dietaries  and  to  make 
various  recommendations  in  respect  to  the  work. 

We  have  placed  animals  on  the  three  groups  of  substances  which 
for  want  of  a  better  term  are  called  vitamines.  We  believe  from  a 
comparison  of  the  effects  of  the  different  groups,  that  the  antiscor- 
butic group  produces  the  most  pronounced  effect,  the  fat-soluble 
perhaps  some ;  and  the  water  soluble  B  also  seems  to  play  a  part  in 


THE    DENTAL   SCHOOL  223 

the  preservation  of  sound  teeth.  The  effects  from  the  antiscor- 
butic vitamine  deficiency  is  very  pronounced  upon  the  teeth  of 
animals.  This  seems  to  be  the  only  way  in  which  it  has  been  pos- 
sible to  effect  the  teeth  in  experimental  animals.  They  are  reg- 
ularly decalcified,  and  conditions  similar  to  caries  and  pyorrhea 
are  produced.  Irregularity  of  the  teeth  and  asymmetrical  skulls 
are  also  produced.  The  effect  upon  growth  and  reproduction  is 
marked.  Many  other  lesions  occur,  such  as  joint  trouble,  eye 
trouble  and  nervous  disturbances.  Infections  of  numerous  types 
occur  secondarily. 

We  are  carrying  on  a  considerable  amount  of  histological  work 
in  connection  with  our  feeding  experiments,  and  also  chemical 
analyses. 

The  work  has  been  published  in  part  and  described  in  lectures  as 
follows : 

Treatment  of  Pulpless  Teeth,  Jour.  Nat.  Dent.  Assoc. 

Food  Accessory  Factors  in  Relation  to  the  Teeth,  Jour.  Dent.  Res. 

Food  and  The  Teeth,  Jour,  of  Home  Economics. 

Some  of  these  articles  or  abstracts  from  them  are  published  in  the 
French,  British,  Spanish,  Japanese,  South  American,  and  Austra- 
lian journals. 

Other  articles  are  in  the  press. 

Lectures  have  been  given  upon  this  work  before  the  First  and 
Eighth  District  Dental  Societies  of  New  York;  the  Eastern  Dental 
Society  of  New  York;  before  the  dentists,  physicians,  and  nurses  of 
the  hospitals  and  the  Rotary  Club,  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  in  Kansas 
City;  in  Iowa  City,  before  the  students,  nurses  and  some  of  the 
physicians  at  the  State  University;  at  Des  Moines,  before  the  State 
Dental  Societies,  nurses  and  physicians,  where  Dr.  McCollum  also 
spoke.  Lectures  were  given  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  before  a  combined 
meeting  of  physicians  and  dentists;  in  Montreal,  before  the  Dental 
Society  and  also  at  McGill  University,  before  the  students  and 
staff;  at  Hartford,  Conn.,  before  the  Dental  Society;  at  Brockton 
before  both  Medical  and  Dental  Societies;  at  Worcester,  before  the 
Medical  Society;  at  Pittsburgh,  Pa.;  before  the  New  York  State 
Dental  Society;  before  the  American  Academy  of  Periodontology  in 
New  York  City;  before  the  National  Dental  Association  in  Mil- 
waukee; and  many  other  lectures  given  before  local  societies.  In 
addition  to  these,  the  regular  lectures  have  been  given  as  a  part  of 
the  educational  work  at  the  Harvard  Dental  School.  One  was 
given  before  the  Medical  Research  Workers  at  Harvard.  The  Eco- 


224  THE  DENTAL  SCHOOL 

nomic  Workers  have  requested  data  for  their  work,  which  has  been 
furnished  in  part. 

At  the  present  time,  the  laboratory  staff  consists  of  two  women 
assistants,  one  male  assistant,  a  general  helper  and  myself. 

At  the  present  time,  we  are  conducting  experiments  on  about 
one  hundred  guinea  pigs,  individually. 

We  have  begun  similar  work  with  monkeys. 

The  National  Dental  Association  has  given  me  a  personal  grant 
of  $2000,  all  of  which  is  being  used  in  the  work. 

Mr.  Forsyth  has  been  very  generous  and  has  given  me  every 
facility  in  the  way  of  apparatus,  help  and  supplies. 

We  are  supplying  specimens  of  the  jaws  of  these  experimental 
animals  to  many  men  especially  fitted  to  carry  out  especial  work, 
such  as  Dr.  J.  Leon  Williams  and  Professor  Foote.  We  are  also 
supplying  universities  with  specimens  for  study  purposes. 

As  a  result  of  this  work  which  we  are  conducting,  the  causes  of 
dental  lesions  appear  in  a  new  light." 

I  feel  that  our  technical  and  clinical  teaching  is  of  a  high  grade 
and  that  each  year  we  are  graduating  skilled  and  promising  prac- 
titioners. It  is,  however,  interesting  to  note,  and  promises  well  for 
the  future  of  dentistry,  the  constantly  increasing  activities  in  the 
study  and  scientific  investigation  of  the  problems  in  dentistry  that 
are  not  so  closely  related  to  and  cannot  be  solved  through  our 
technical  and  clinical  knowledge. 

EUGENE  H.  SMITH,  Dean. 


REPORT  OF  THE   DIRECTOR   OF   SCHOLARSHIPS   IN 
THE   MEDICAL  SCHOOL 

September  27, 1920 -September  26,  1921 

To  the  President  of  the  University:  — 

Sir,  —  I  respectfully  beg  leave  to  submit  a  report  of  the  work 
done  in  my  office  at  the  Medical  School  for  the  past  year.  It  seems 
to  me  to  be  an  exceptional  one.  During  the  year  I  appreciated  that 
few  men  needed  aid,  as  well  as  that  a  good  deal  of  money  had  been 
refunded;  but  I  did  not  realize  that  the  proportions  between  the 
two  would  be  so  very  different,  and  yet  I  think  no  one  has  asked  for 
funds  and  been  refused. 

Medical  Dental  Total 

Number  of  applicants  for  first-year  scholarships          21  . .  21 

Number  of  applicants  for  other  scholarships ...           62  . .  i  2 

Number  of  students  interviewed 126  6  132 

Number  of  interviews 249  6  255 

Number  of  letters  received  and  answered 182  40  222 

Total  number  of  students  aided  (exclusive  of  scholar- 
ships)             10  1  11 

Number  to  whom  money  was  loaned 10  1  11 

Number  to  whom  money  was  given 

Amount  of  money  loaned $771.50     $100       $871.50 

Amount  of  money  given 

Sources  from  which  money  was  obtained: 

Private  Fund 371.50  100  471.50 

Anonymous  Gifts 400.00  . .  400.00 

Amount  of  money  refunded 1,168.83  390.41  1,559.24 

FRANKLIN  DEXTER, 
Director  of  Scholarships. 


THE  LIBRARY 

To  the  President  of  the  University:  — 

Sir,  —  In  the  absence  of  Professor  Coolidge,  Director  of  the 
University  Library,  I  submit  the  following  report  on  the  Library 
for  the  year  1920-21. 

With  the  generous  support  of  members  of  the  Overseers'  Visiting 
Committee,  the  Library  has  been  able  to  issue  quarterly,  beginning 
in  June,  1920,  under  Mr.  Winship's  editorship,  a  new  library  period- 
ical —  Harvard  Library  Notes.  The  successive  numbers,  averag- 
ing about  twenty-four  pages  each,  are  full  of  interesting  current 
matter  about  the  Library,  contributed  in  part  by  various  members 
of  the  Staff,  and  in  part  by  friends  and  scholars  familiar  with  our 
collection.  In  some  numbers  the  contents  are  of  a  pleasantly  varied 
character;  others  contain  papers  all  pertaining  to  some  one  depart- 
ment of  the  Library :  —  The  Theatre  Collection,  to  which  Number 
2  was  devoted,  and  Fifteenth  Century  Books,  with  which  Number 
5  was  taken  up.  The  staff  of  a  great  library  needs  a  medium  such 
as  this  to  keep  its  various  members  informed  as  to  what  the  Library 
is  trying  to  do  and  what  it  is  currently  receiving.  The  "Notes" 
also  serve  to  keep  the  Library  in  touch  with  its  many  friends  and 
benefactors,  to  whom  we  are  glad  to  send  copies.* 

The  conditions  still  remain  highly  favorable  for  book  purchases 
abroad.  At  the  beginning  of  the  year,  we  had,  beside  our  normal 
income  of  about  $42,000,  an  accumulated  balance  of  $38,000  avail- 
able for  buying  books,  due  to  diminished  purchases  during  the 
years  of  the  War.  We  were,  therefore,  in  the  fortunate  position  of 
being  able  to  spend  freely,  our  total  expenditure  for  books  amount- 
ing to  $73,396,  of  which  $62,775  was  for  the  College  Library,  and 
$10,621  for  the  Special  Libraries  which  buy  through  our  Order  De- 
partment —  a  large  increase  over  any  previous  year.  Other  depart- 
ments of  the  University,  especially  the  Law  School,  have  profited 
by  the  same  unusual  conditions,  so  that  the  total  expenditure  for 
books  (and  binding)  for  all  departments  of  the  University  has  been 
a  little  over  $107,000,  and  the  total  accessions  about  93,000  books 
and  pamphlets.  At  the  beginning  of  another  year,  our  balance  for 

*  Copies  are  also  on  sale  in  the  Treasure  Room,  and  will  be  sent  by  mail  on 
receipt  of  twenty-five  cents,  or  of  one  dollar  a  year. 

226 


THE  LIBRARY  227 

the  College  Library  is  reduced  to  $24,700,  and  inasmuch  as  this  is 
in  large  part  made  up  from  the  income  of  restricted  funds,  and 
since  many  of  last  year's  orders  are  still  outstanding,  we  must  now 
carefully  limit  our  purchases,  although  the  European  book  market 
is  still  full  of  bargains. 

In  the  administration  of  the  Library,  also,  especially  in  the 
Catalogue  Department,  we  have  to  exercise  great  restraint.  Rates 
of  pay  necessarily  increased  heavily  during  and  after  the  War,  and 
under  present  conditions  the  pay  of  skilled  workers  is  not  likely  to 
fall,  since  the  demand  for  competent  cataloguers  seems  to  exceed 
the  supply.  In  fact,  the  pay  for  work  of  this  kind  has  only  recently 
begun  to  compare  favorably  with  the  remuneration  for  other  work 
requiring  similar  ability  and  equipment  of  a  professional  nature. 
The  increases  in  rates  made  a  year  ago,  and  the  rise  in  the  prices  of 
most  supplies  required  us  to  cut  down  our  staff,  in  spite  of  a  gen- 
erous addition  to  our  resources  granted  by  the  College  from  its  free 
income.  In  consequence,  we  have  been  unable  to  handle  the  in- 
creased mass  of  our  accessions,  and  have  steadily  fallen  behind  in 
our  cataloguing.  This  does  not  mean  that  new  books  and  important 
current  accessions  have  not  been  promptly  put  at  the  service  of  our 
readers.  This  work  has  been  done  more  promptly  and  efficiently 
than  ever  before,  and  methods  of  work  are  revised  and  improved 
from  time  to  time  as  opportunity  offers;  but  it  does  mean  that  there 
has  been  a  serious  accumulation  of  books  of  minor  immediate  in- 
terest, many  of  them  difficult  to  deal  with,  which  are  waiting  their 
turn  and  must  some  day  be  incorporated  in  the  Library.  In  the 
meantime,  they  are  relatively,  though  not  absolutely,  inaccessible. 
To  catch  up  with  arrears  of  this  kind  is  always  troublesome  and 
expensive. 

To  certain  volunteer  workers  we  are  indebted  for  valuable  assist- 
ance —  to  Mr.  L.  A.  Crosby  —  for  continuous  work  on  our  Spanish 
plays,  and  more  recently  on  other  Spanish  literature,  to  Mr.  J. 
Francis  Driscoll  for  help  in  arranging  several  thousand  pieces  of 
sheet  music,  and  to  Dr.  J.  W.  Rice  and  Miss  Anna  Gay  —  the 
former  from  the  New  York  State  Library  School,  the  latter  from 
Simmons  College. 

Three  new  book  funds  were  established  during  the  year:  the 
Percy  Chase  Fund,  $990,  in  memory  of  Percy  Chase,  '88,  from 
whom  the  Library  received  some  years  ago  a  collection  of  manu- 
script records  of  the  voyages  of  clipper  ships  (circa  1845-1855), 
the  income  of  the  fund  to  be  used  for  the  purchase  of  books  on 
astronomy  and  navigation;  the  George  Schunemann  Jackson  Fund, 


228  THE  LIBRARY 

$39,000,  given  in  honor  of  their  father  and  mother,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Charles  C.  Jackson,  '63,  by  the  brothers  and  sisters  of  George  S. 
Jackson,  '05,  who  rendered  valuable  service  in  the  War  and  died 
soon  after  its  close,  the  income  to  be  used  for  the  purchase  and 
maintenance  of  books,  preference  to  be  given  to  those  treating  of 
social  welfare  and  service,  moral  philosophy,  civics  and  like  sub- 
jects; the  bequest  of  John  W.  T.  Nichols,  $5000,  to  establish  a 
fund  in  memory  of  his  father,  George  Nichols,  of  the  class  of  1828, 
the  income  to  be  used  for  the  purchase  of  books  on  English 
literature. 

Grateful  acknowledgment  is  also  to  be  made  for  subscriptions 
to  the  Endowment  Fund,  in  memory  of  Harry  Elkins  Widener, 
amounting  to  $150,000,  from  Mrs.  A.  Hamilton  Rice,  her  son 
George  D.  Widener,  and  her  daughter  Mrs.  Fitz  E.  Dixon,  the 
income  to  be  used  toward  the  administrative  expenses  of  the 
Library. 

Separate  mention  of  other  gifts  and  bequests  is  omitted  here 
since  notice  of  the  more  interesting  and  important  of  these  has  al- 
ready appeared  or  may  shortly  be  expected  in  the  "  Notes." 

The  purchases  of  the  year  included  a  precious  collection  of 
Savonarola  tracts,  one  hundred  and  fifty-nine  in  number,  of  which 
one  hundred  are  incunabula,  collected  by  the  artist,  Henry  R. 
Newman;  a  companion  collection  of  Florentine  Rappresentazioni, 
formed  by  the  late  C.  Fairfax  Murray;  the  library  of  the  French 
archaeologist  and  scholar,  the  late  Abbe  Thedenat,  comprising 
several  thousand  volumes,  but  containing  fewer  items  of  value  new 
to  our  shelves  than  we  had  hoped;  and  an  extensive  collection  of 
German  material  relating  to  the  War,  including  pamphlets,  broad- 
sides and  papers,  made  for  us  by  our  Leipzig  agent,  Harrassowitz.* 

In  the  Treasure  Room  a  succession  of  interesting  exhibitions  have 
been  held,  displaying  the  Library's  resources  in  special  fields,  and 
supplemented  in  some  cases  by  items  lent  by  others.  The  subjects 
have  been:  Early  History  of  Congregationalism,  Early  History  of 
Harvard  College,  Early  History  of  Massachusetts,  John  Keats 
(with  a  Sunday  afternoon  address  by  Professor  Lowes) ,  Reproduc- 
tions of  Holbein  Portraits  in  the  Royal  Collection  at  Windsor, 
Martin  Luther  (with  a  Sunday  afternoon  address  by  Dr.  Preserved 
Smith),  Dante,  and  Recent  Acquisitions  of  Rare  Incunabula  and 
Early  Music.     In  the  Widener  Room  some  of  Harry  Widener 's 

*  Supplemented  by  a  valuable  collection  received  later  from  Ellis  Loring 
Dresel,  '87,  of  war  newspapers,  revolutionary  journals,  and  aeroplane  propa- 


THE  LIBRARY 


229 


books  are  always  to  be  seen  in  the  show-cases,  and  are  changed 
from  time  to  time  with  reference  to  the  English  authors  under  con- 
sideration in  college  courses. 

The  American  Library  Association  was  received  at  the  Library 
on  the  afternoon  of  Commencement  Day,  and  was  entertained  at 
supper  as  guests  of  the  College  and  the  City  in  the  quadrangle  be- 
hind Sever  Hall  after  the  Commencement  Exercises  were  finished. 

The  photostat,  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  R.  H.  Pearman,  the  skillful 
operator  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society's  photostat,  has 
been  in  almost  daily  use,  and  has  rendered  a  service  which  is  much 
appreciated.  One  hundred  and  eighty-four  different  jobs  have 
been  taken,  bringing  in  $772.73,  a  sum  sufficient  to  cover  the  cost 
of  operation,  and  leave  a  small  margin  for  depreciation  and  unfore- 
seen expenses. 

The  usual  statistical  tables  are  given  in  the  appendix. 


WILLIAM  C.  LANE,  Librarian. 


230 


THE  LIBRARY 


APPENDIX  TO  THE  LIBRARY  REPORT 

Accessions 

The  accessions  to  the  University  Library  for  the  year  and  the  present 
extent  of  each  of  its  parts  are  shown  in  the  following  tables:  — 


Libraries 


College  Library  :  — 

Main  Collection 

Forty-four  Special  Libraries   .... 

Total 

Departmental  Libraries :  — 

Law  School  .    .    . 

Andover-Harvard  Theological  Library 

Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology   .   . 

Peabody  Museum 

Astronomical  Observatory 

Gray  Herbarium      

Medical  School 

Dental  School 

Arnold  Arboretum      

Bussey  Institution 

Blue  Hill  Observatory 

Total 


Volumes  and 

Pamphlets 

added 

Present  extent 

in  Volumes 
and  Pamphlets 

33,300 

1,127,500 

8,000 

134,300 

41,300 

1,261,800 

30,000 

238,500 

2,300 

177,800 

3,300 

120,500 

392 

16,200 

1,000 

52,900 

777 

31,300 

10,387 

107,000 

129 

2,800 

1,447 

41,000 

1,697 

26,700 

105 

23,700 

92,834 


2,100,200 


Maps  in  sheets  in  the  College  Library,  32,200. 

Broadsides,  posters,  programs,  play-bills,  leaflets,  clippings,  autographs, 
photographs,  engravings,  etc.,  are  not  included  in  the  figures  above,  and  it 
is  impossible  to  give  any  enumeration  of  them.  The  collection  of  broad- 
sides alone,  American,  English,  French,  etc.,  includes  several  thousand 
sheets. 

The  additions  to  the  main  collection  have  been:  — 


Received  by  College  Library 


1916-17 


1917-18 


1918-19 


1919-20 


1920-21 


By  purchase  or  exchange,  vols.    . 
11        "         "  "        pams.  . 

By  gift,  vols 

'*      *'    pams 

By  binding  serials,  vols 

Total  volumes 

"     pamphlets 

Total  received,  vols,  and  pams. 
Maps  in  sheets 

Net  growth  (after  making  allow- 
ance for  transfers,  duplicates 
disposed  of,  etc.) 


12,778 

4,960 

26,889 

14,365 

2,601 


10,737 

9,781 

14,157 

26,201 

2,602 


10,005 

3,618 

24,737 

32,077 

1,936 


17,576 

3,217 

12,127 

17,444 

2,009 


42,268 
19,325 


27,496 
35,982 


36,678 
35,695 


31,712 
20,661 


61,593 
287 


29,000 


63,478 
681 


32,000 


72,373 
360 


61,000 


52,373 

783 


36,200 


26,437 

7,077 

14,784 

24,876 

2,156 


43,377 
31,953 


75,330 
103 


33,300 


THE  LIBRARY  231 

Expenses  on  Book  Account  for  Five  Years 


1916-17 

1917-18 

1918-19 

1919-20 

1920-21 

Central  Library : 

From  book  funds 

From  special  gifts,  etc 

$24,743 
15,761 

$26,582 
6,479 

$32,928 
7,605 

$40,315 
7,045 

$55,810 
6,965 

Total 

Special  libraries 

$40,504 
7,060 

$33,061 
6,293 

$40,533 
6,199 

$47,360 
12,740 

$62,775 
10,621 

Total 

$47,564 

$39,354 

$46,732 

$60,100 

$73,396 

Special  Libraries 
The  present  extent  of  these  forty-four  libraries  is  as  follows:  — 


In  the  Widener  Building 

Volumes 
and  Pamphlets 

Bureau  of  Municipal  Research  8,312 

Business  School 17,738 

Child  Memorial 6,024 

Classics 5,540 

Economics 2,448 

French 2,675 

German 1,746 

Graduate  Economics 477 

Graduate  History 658 

History 7,344 

Lowell  Memorial 1,764 

Mathematics 1,434 

Sanskrit 967 

Outside  the  Widener  Building 

Education.    Lawrence 12,105 

Bureau  of  Vocational  Guid- 
ance,    do 853 

Military  Science  and  Tactics. 

Wadsworth 432 

Statistical  Lab.      Massachu- 
setts         247 

Chemical  Lab.    Boylston. . . .  15,893 

Physical  Lab.    Jefferson 1,205 

Engineering.     Pierce 3,790 

Sanitary  Engineering,  do.     .  .       209 

Botanical  Lab.    Museum 1,931 

Geological  Lab.    do 303 

Mineralogical  Lab.    do 1,539 


11 
306 

458 
217 

475 
142 


Outside  the  Widener  Building 

Volumes 
and  Pamphlets 

Students'  Palaeontological  Lab. 

Museum 

Phys.  Geog.  Lab.       do 

Zoological  Lab.    do 

Economic  Geology,    do 

Plant   Physiological  Labora- 
tory.   Botanical  Museum. . 

Astronomical  Lab 

Philosophy.    Emerson 6,800 

Social  Ethics,    do 13,336 

Semitic.    Semitic  Museum. . .    2,342 

Germanic  Museum 76 

Mining  and  Metallurgy.   Rotch 

Lab 662 

Music.    Music  Building 3,518 

Fine  Arts.    Fogg  Museum . . .    2,827 

Architecture.    Robinson 2,958 

Landscape  Arch,    do 6,287 

Forestry.    Bussey  Institution       132 
Preachers'  Lib.     Wadsworth 
Office    of    Medical   Adviser 

do 

Stillman  Infirmary 206 

Phillips  Brooks  House  Lib 500 

Total,  Special  Libraries.. .  137,046 
Deduct  for  books  on  deposit 
from  Central  Library 2,754 

134,292 


118 


41 


232 


THE  LIBRARY 


Circulation  and  Reference  Department 

The  following  table  shows  the  use  of  books  as  recorded  at  the  delivery 
desk  and  at  the  desks  in  the  two  larger  reading  rooms,  but  there  is  no  way 
of  showing  the  unrecorded  use  of  books  in  the  reading  rooms  and  in  the 
stack,  and  the  temporary  use  of  books  in  stalls  and  studies. 


Use  op  Books 

1916-17 

1917-18 

1918-19 

1919-20 

1920-21 

Recorded  at  Loan  Desk : 

1.  Lent  for  home  use  .... 

2.  Reading  room  use 

3.  Study  use 

60,621 

54,233 

1,598 

11,269 

53,709 

27,181 

1,420 

12,016 

45,348 

22,173 

1,604 

9,233 

65,242 

21,013 

2,134 

25,830 

70,559 

26,376 

2,241 

21,983 

4.  Stall  use 

Total 

127,721 

13,348 
5,421 

94,326 

8,977 
5,977 

78,358 

9,152 

2,844* 

114,219 

16,401 
7,235 

121,159 

18,624 
7,081 

Overnight  use  of  Reference 
Books: 

General  reading  room 

Lower  reading  room    

Open  only  from  January  to  June,  1919. 


APPLETON  CHAPEL 
AND  PHILLIPS  BROOKS  HOUSE 

To  the  Peesident  of  the  Univeesity  :  — 

Sie,  —  The  Chapel  has  had  an  uneventful  year.  Thirty-nine 
Sunday  services  have  been  held  by  ministers  of  nine  different 
denominations.  The  average  number  of  students  in  attendance, 
seated  in  a  body  south  of  the  main  aisle,  has  been  264  and  of  the 
audience  as  a  whole  701.  It  is  a  new  thing  to  hear  students  say 
that  if  they  do  not  get  to  the  Chapel  early,  they  cannot  expect 
to  be  seated  on  the  student  side.  The  resort  to  the  daily  service 
has  been  almost  exactly  that  of  last  year. 

When,  twelve  years  ago,  the  Sunday  service  was  transferred 
to  the  morning  hour,  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Preachers  said, 
"You  can  never  have  successful  service  until  you  have  a  new 
chapel.  The  men  are  used  to  places  of  worship  better  fitted  to 
express  the  dignity  and  beauty  of  religion." 

It  was  answered  that,  with  all  the  other  needs  of  the  University, 
we  could  hardly  expect  to  get  a  new  chapel  so  long  as  it  could  be 
said,  "You  have  only  a  meager  attendance.  There  is  no  obvious 
demand  on  the  part  of  the  University  for  the  privilege  of  worship." 
It  was  felt  that  we  must  build  up  the  service  with  the  equipment 
which  we  had.    Then  we  could  ask  for  better  equipment. 

The  dignity  and  beauty  of  a  house  of  worship  are  indeed  no 
substitute  for  the  spirit  of  religion,  but  they  are  a  great  help  in 
the  cultivation  of  that  spirit.  One  needs  only  to  reflect  upon  the 
influence  of  the  music  which  we  now  have.  The  quality  of  the 
organ,  the  training  of  the  choir,  the  selection  of  the  music,  the 
spirit  of  the  director,  are  in  no  small  measure  responsible  for  the 
success  which  we  have  achieved.  Yet  there  is  no  part  of  the  build- 
ing which  is  so  badly  arranged  as  the  choir.  The  director  works 
under  almost  every  conceivable  disadvantage. 

The  clergymen  who  come  here  to  preach  often  express  surprise 
at  the  reception  which  their  preaching  meets,  at  the  reverent 
spirit  which  obtains,  at  the  religious  atmosphere  which  the  Chapel 
spreads  about  it,  at  the  seriousness  of  their  task  as  college  min- 
isters, at  the  openness  of  the  student  body  to  spiritual  influence. 
This  is  the  more  true  if  they  had  been  prejudiced  against  the 
University  exactly  on  this  point  of  its  religion,  and  if  they  had 
distrusted  the  freedom  from  all  constraint  which  here  obtains. 
They  almost  invariably  say,  "If  you  only  had  worthier  surround- 

233 


234      APPLETON  CHAPEL  AND  PHILLIPS  BROOKS  HOUSE 

ings,  if  you  only  had  the  lesser  adjuncts  which  are  nevertheless 
so  essential  to  the  complete  expression  of  the  thing  which  you 
desire." 

To  all  this  must  now  be  added  the  deep  feeling  of  many  that 
no  memorial  of  the  Harvard  men  who  fell  in  the  war  could  be 
more  fitting  than  a  chapel  which  should  recall  to  the  coming  gen- 
eration the  things  unseen  but  eternal  for  which  these  youths  have 
given  their  lives.  No  memorial  of  them  is  really  adequate  save 
one  which  stands  for  the  expression  and  perpetuation  of  their 
idealism  and  spirit  of  sacrifice,  of  their  consecration  of  life  and 
their  glorifying  of  death.  Without  these  spiritual  elements  all 
else  that  the  University  gives,  whether  for  the  bodies  or  the  minds 
of  men,  will  be  given  in  vain.  A  chapel  worthier  of  its  own  aims 
and  more  fitted  to  our  needs  would  be  the  most  appropriate  re- 
minder of  these  things  and  an  assurance  of  their  continuance 
among  us.  The  Overseers'  Committee  appointed  to  visit  the  Chapel 
reported  last  summer  recognizing  this  need. 

At  the  opening  of  the  college  year  the  work  of  the  Phillips  Brooks 
House  Association  was  explained  to  Freshmen  and  to  members 
of  the  various  graduate  schools  by  means  of  receptions.  The  usual 
Christmas  and  Thanksgiving  parties  were  held,  as  well  as  the 
Class  Day  Spread.  Ten  talks  on  the  subject  of  religion  were  given 
to  Freshmen  on  successive  Monday  evenings  from  September 
until  Christmas.  The  Christian  Association  and  the  St.  Paul's 
Society  have  held  their  usual  meetings  in  the  House.  The  former 
met  21  times,  with  two  especially  successful  meetings,  one  ad- 
dressed by  Dr.  Fosdick  on  "The  Ministry"  and  the  other  by  Rev. 
James  G.  Gilkey  on  "The  Church."  The  Harvard  Mission  has 
continued  the  support  of  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  Robert  Col- 
lege, Constantinople.  Mr.  C.  E.  Dickerson,  '20,  has  filled  that 
position  during  the  year. 

The  social  service  work  has  shown  the  largest  number  of  men 
engaged  since  the  war,  a  total  of  439  men  having  taken  part  in 
some  form  of  the  work.  Nineteen  free  entertainments  were  given, 
2  clothing  collections  held,  and  1,042  books  have  been  loaned  to 
students  from  the  Text  Book  Loan  Library,  in  addition  to  163 
books  from  the  Law  Loan  Library.  Fifteen  dinners  at  Thanks- 
giving and  20  dinners  at  Christmas  were  distributed  to  poor 
families  in  Cambridge. 

Mr.  George  Wigglesworth,  '74,  has  been  reelected  a  member  of 
the  Graduate  Advisory  Committee  for  a  term  of  five  years. 

EDWARD  C.  MOORE,  Chairman, 


THE  GRAY  HERBARIUM 

To  the  President  of  the  University:  — 

Sir,  —  Within  the  limits  of  the  academic  year  1920-21,  in  ad- 
dition to  the  regular  staff,  the  following  persons  have  been  em- 
ployed temporarily  at  the  Gray  Herbarium  in  special  capacities: 
Mr.  C.  A.  Weatherby  chiefly  in  the  further  identification  and  or- 
ganization of  the  fern-collection,  Mr.  J.  Francis  Macbride  in  the 
determination  of  plants  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  Pacific 
Slope,  Professor  J.  P.  Poole  chiefly  in  photographic  work  and  the 
distribution  of  inserendae,  Dr.  Harold  St.  John  chiefly  in  field 
work,  Dr.  and  Mrs.  E.  B.  Payson  in  reorganization  of  the  Cruci- 
ferae  and  distribution  of  inserendae,  and  Miss  H.  M.  Shepard  and 
Mrs.  J.  R.  Moore  as  stenographers  and  clerical  assistants. 

The  chief  accessions  of  plants  have  been  as  follows : 

I.  By  gift,  in  exchange,  or  for  identification: 

From  the  New  York  Botanical  Garden,  1273  plants  of  Trinidad, 
collected  by  Dr.  N.  L.  Britton  and  his  assistants,  54  plants  of 
Cuba,  68  plants  of  Tobago,  113  specimens  of  Scrophulariaceae 
collected  and  critically  identified  by  Dr.  F.  W.  Pennell,  a  special- 
ist on  this  group,  also  154  miscellaneous  duplicates;  from  the 
United  States  National  Herbarium,  162  specimens  of  ferns,  108 
plants  of  Guatemala  and  Honduras  collected  by  Dr.  S.  F.  Blake, 
179  plants  of  northern  and  western  South  America,  278  miscel- 
laneous duplicates,  and  27  admirably  detailed  photographs  of 
plant-types;  from  the  Missouri  Botanical  Garden,  231  plants 
chiefly  from  the  central  Mississippi  valley;  from  Mr.  I.  Dorfler, 
249  plants  chiefly  of  Austria,  Hungary,  and  the  Balkan  states,  a 
collection  of  exceptional  excellence  including  many  plants  of  great 
rarity;  from  Brother  Victorin  of  the  College  de  Longueuil,  187 
plants  of  the  Province  of  Quebec;  from  Mr.  W.  N.  Suksdorf,  386 
plants  of  California,  Montana,  and  Washington  for  verification; 
from  the  New  York  State  Museum  at  Albany,  155  plants  chiefly  of 
New  York  State;  from  the  Philippine  Bureau  of  Science,  802 
plants  of  the  Philippine  Islands;  from  Miss  M.  E.  Priest,  93 
plants  of  Newfoundland  from  Flower  Cove  on  the  Straits  of  Belle 
Isle;  from  Professor  E.  W.  D.  Holway,  99  plants  of  Bolivia  and 

235 


236  THE   GRAY   HERBARIUM 

Peru;  from  Prof.  E.  J.  Grimes,  199  plants  of  Virginia  for  verifica- 
tion; from  Mr.  F.  C.  Hoehne  of  the  Oswaldo  Cruz  Botanical 
Garden,  158  plants  of  Brazil;  from  Dr.  Carl  Skottsberg,  55  plants 
of  Easter  Island,  a  collection  critically  identified  and  representing 
a  little  known  flora  of  exceptional  interest  from  a  phytogeographi- 
cal  standpoint;  from  Mr.  I.  N.  Clokey,  245  miscellaneous  plants 
of  Colorado  and  100  exact  duplicates  for  use  in  continuing  the 
Exsiccatae  Grayanae;  from  the  Royal  Gardens  at  Kew,  282  plants 
collected  in  South  Africa  by  Mr.  Alexander  Prior;  from  Dr. 
Thomas  Barbour,  94  ferns  collected  in  the  Huachuca  Mountains 
by  Mr.  W.  W.  Brown;  from  Mr.  W.  W.  Jones,  179  plants  chiefly 
from  Arizona;  from  Mr.  D.  C.  Peattie,  175  plants  of  the  sand 
dunes  of  northern  Indiana;  from  the  New  York  State  Agricul- 
tural College,  1031  plants  of  New  York  State;  and  from  the  New 
England  Botanical  Club,  441  plants  from  the  herbarium  of  the 
late  Carl  Blomberg;  from  Mr.  E.  L.  Dutton,  168  plants  of  Ver- 
mont. 

II.  Acquired  by  purchase: 

From  Professor  H.  Pittier,  730  plants  of  Venezuela;  from  Dr. 
R.  Schlechter,  401  orchids  from  New  Guinea,  Celebes,  and  Suma- 
tra, a  collection  including  an  exceptional  number  of  plants  new  to 
science;  from  Professor  M.  E.  Peck,  552  plants  of  Oregon;  from 
Mr.  T.  S.  Brandegee,  122  plants  of  Mexico  collected  by  Dr.  C.  A. 
Purpus;  from  Mr.  C.  K.  Schneider,  270  plants  of  China;  from 
Dr.  E.  B.  Payson,  600  plants  of  Idaho,  Montana,  and  Wyoming; 
from  Mr.  W.  N.  Clute,  111  plants  of  the  Painted  Desert  in  Arizona. 

III.  Received  from  field  work  done  for  the  Gray  Herbarium: 
From  collections  made  in  Nova  Scotia  by  an  exploring  party 

under  the  direction  of  Professor  Fernald,  16,614  plants;  supple- 
mentary material  from  the  journey  of  Dr.  J.  N.  Rose  to  Ecuador, 
110  plants;  collected  on  Long  Island  by  Dr.  Harold  St.  John, 
1305  plants;  collected  in  Jamaica  by  Messrs.  W.  R.  Maxon  and 
E.  P.  Killip,  571  ferns  and  653  phanerogams;  collected  in  southern 
California  by  Mrs.  J.  M.  Spencer,  804  plants;  from  the  slopes  of 
Mt.  Chachani  in  Peru  by  Mr,  and  Mrs.  F.  E.  Hinkley,  346  plants, 
and  from  near  the  Bolivian  shore  of  Lake  Titicaca,  123  plants 
collected  by  Mrs.  Reid  S.  Shepard. 

The  number  of  specimens  received  from  all  sources  has  been 
32,011.  There  have  been  added  to  the  organized  portion  of  the 
herbarium  14,815  sheets  of  mounted  specimens,  bringing  the  total 
number  of  sheets  to  629,580.  There  have  been  added  to  the  library 


THE   GRAY   HERBARIUM  237 

by  purchase,  exchange,  or  gift,  384  volumes  and  392  pamphlets, 
bringing  the  total  number  of  volumes  to  18,965  and  of  pamphlets 
to  12,329.  In  the  course  of  the  year  there  have  been  four  more 
issues  of  the  Card  Index  of  New  Genera,  Species,  and  Varieties 
of  American  Plants  including  4580  cards  and  bringing  the  total 
number  of  cards  in  this  important  reference  catalogue  to  156,301. 

During  the  year  a  large  amount  of  field  work  was  undertaken 
and  yielded  gratifying  results.  The  expedition  to  Nova  Scotia, 
rendered  possible  by  gifts  for  the  purpose  from  Messrs.  John  E. 
Thayer  and  Walter  Deane  of  the  Visiting  Committee,  as  explained 
in  the  last  report,  was  carried  out  under  the  experienced  direction 
of  Professor  Fernald  with  the  able  assistance  of  Mr.  Bayard  Long 
of  the  Philadelphia  Academy  of  Sciences  and  the  cooperation  of 
six  skilful  and  discriminating  amateur  botanists.  The  expedition 
lasted  about  two  and  one-half  months.  The  whole  length  of  Nova 
Scotia  was  traversed  and  special  attention  was  given  to  the  sili- 
ceous areas  in  the  southwestern  part  of  the  province.  The  main 
object  was  to  determine  the  extent  to  which  species  of  the  south- 
ern coastal  plain  penetrate  to  Nova  Scotia.  The  collection  reached 
the  large  total  of  16,614  sheets  of  specimens.  It  included  no  less 
than  110  species  hitherto  unreported  from  the  Dominion  of  Canada 
and  230  not  previously  known  in  Nova  Scotia.  Of  these  additions 
to  the  flora  of  the  Province  some  were  species  wholly  new  to  sci- 
ence, but  the  majority  proved  to  be  plants  of  the  Coastal  Plain 
hitherto  unknown  north  of  Massachusetts  and  in  some  cases  not 
previously  recorded  north  of  New  Jersey.  In  view  of  the  ready 
accessibility  of  Nova  Scotia  and  the  extent  to  which  it  had  been 
previously  visited  by  botanists,  the  intensive  work  of  this  group 
of  close  observers  is  truly  notable  both  from  the  taxonomic  stand- 
point and  for  the  new  light  thrown  upon  interesting  problems  of 
plant  -distribution . 

Continuing  their  cooperative  work  on  South  America,  the 
United  States  National  Museum,  the  New  York  Botanical  Garden, 
and  the  Gray  Herbarium  were  able  in  April,  1920,  to  send  an 
experienced  collector,  Mr.  V-  E.  Broadway,  to  French  Guiana,  a 
country  of  great  biological  interest,  offering  serious  difficulties 
and  not  previously  worked  by  North  American  botanical  establish- 
ments. During  the  year  progress  was  made  on  the  determination 
of  the  plants  secured  on  earlier  expeditions  to  British  Guiana  and 
Ecuador.  The  Jamaican  collection,  secured  by  Messrs.  Maxon 
and  Killip,  has  been  received,  amounting  to  more  than  a  thousand 


238  THE  GRAY  HERBARIUM 

sheets  of  excellent  material,  discriminatingly  selected,  and  particu- 
larly rich  in  ferns. 

During  the  summer  of  1920  Dr.  Harold  St.  John  collected  for 
the  Gray  Herbarium  at  several  points  on  Long  Island,  N.  Y. 

The  reclassification  of  the  library  has  been  completed  with  the 
exception  of  the  unbound  pamphlets.  At  no  time  in  its  history 
has  the  library  been  so  conveniently  shelved,  extensively  bound, 
and  fully  catalogued.  The  most  notable  gifts  received  for  the 
library  during  the  year  were  handsome  copies  of  the  third  edition 
of  Catesby's  "  Natural  History  of  Carolina,  Florida  and  the  Ba- 
hama Islands"  and  Jacquin's  "Fragmenta  Botanica,"  presented 
by  Mr.  W.  D.  Sohier,  both  being  works  of  exceptional  excellence 
and  rarity.  Mr.  F.  Tracy  Hubbard  gave  to  the  library  a  full  set 
of  the  publication  which  has  appeared  under  the  successive  titles 
of  "The  American  Forester,"  "Forestry  and  Irrigation,"  "Con- 
servation," and  "American  Forestry,"  23  volumes  in  all,  a  series 
important  in  its  field  of  applied  botany  and  now  difficult  to  secure 
in  complete  sets. 

The  Gray  Herbarium  should  have  a  larger  staff.  Its  established 
position  in  American  scientific  research,  the  extent  and  value  of 
its  reference  collections,  and  its  unsurpassed  material  equipment 
are  all  such  as  to  justify  the  employment  of  a  considerably  larger 
corps  of  workers.  The  particular  need  is  of  two  or  three  young 
men  of  ability  and  preliminary  botanical  training  to  take  inter- 
mediate positions  and  be  gradually  advanced  as  understudies  for 
the  older  workers.  Such  promising  young  men  have  been  secured 
from  time  to  time,  but  as  soon  as  they  become  moderately  pro- 
ficient they  are  drawn  away  to  other  establishments  by  salary 
offers  much  superior  to  present  possibilities  at  the  Gray  Herbarium. 
Were  the  funds  of  the  Gray  Herbarium  so  augmented  as  to  permit 
the  employment  of  two  or  three  assistants  at  salaries  ranging  from 
$1500  to  $2500  this  serious  difficulty  would  be  overcome.  Could 
such  added  endowment  be  secured  the  scientific  output  of  the 
establishment  would  be  increased  in  a  very  gratifying  manner, 
its  carefully  developed  plant  would  be  run  more  nearly  in  accord 
with  its  capacity,  and  —  a  matter  of  particular  importance  — 
proper  understudies  would  be  in  training  to  carry  forward  with 
continuity  the  work  of  the  older  members  of  the  staff  as  they 
reach  retiring  age. 

The  Visiting  Committee  once  more  issued  its  annual  circular 
in  the  interests  of  the  Herbarium.    In  return,  gifts  for  present 


THE  GRAY  HERBARIUM  239 

use  were  received  from  seventy-five  donors,  whose  names  and  con- 
tributions are  recorded  in  the  Treasurer's  report. 

One  gift  for  further  endowment  was  received,  namely  $100  from 
Mr.  Emile  F.  Williams,  Secretary  of  the  Visiting  Committee,  to 
be  added  at  the  request  of  the  donor  to  the  Gray  Memorial  Fund. 

In  the  course  of  the  year  twenty-four  scientific  papers  were 
published  by  the  staff. 

B.  L.  ROBINSON,  Curator. 


THE  BOTANIC  GARDENS 

To  the  President  of  the  University  :  — 

Sir,  —  As  Director  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  my  twelfth 
annual  report  on  the  Botanic  Garden  in  Cambridge  and  the  Bo- 
tanic Garden  in  Cuba.  This  report  covers  the  year  ending  June 
30,  1921. 

Specimens  have  been  supplied  to  the  Phanerogamic  Laboratories, 
the  School  of  Tropical  Medicine,  the  Bussey  Institution,  Radcliffe 
College,  the  Summer  School,  the  Zoological  Department,  and  to 
the  schools  of  Cambridge. 

The  increased  cost  of  fuel  and  labor  and  the  general  advance  in 
the  prices  of  materials  used  by  a  botanic  garden  in  the  routine  work 
of  supplying  students  with  living  plants  have  given  rise  to  a  serious 
situation  in  our  finances.  The  present  income  from  invested  funds 
is  insufficient  to  meet  the  bills  for  fuel  and  labor,  while  every  dol- 
lar spent  on  prudent  upkeep  means  so  much  added  to  an  unavoid- 
able deficit.  It  was  hoped  that  by  closing  the  Memorial  Range  of 
houses  for  the  winter  and  by  excluding  House  14  from  the  heating 
system,  a  substantial  saving  in  the  expenses  of  maintenance  could 
be  effected.  A  great  saving  in  fuel  was  effected,  in  fact  we  cut  our 
fuel  consumption  by  about  fifty  per  cent  of  normal,  but  this 
economy,  of  doubtful  benefit  to  the  institution,  was  insufficient 
to  bring  outgo  within  income. 

The  reports  from  the  Cuban  Garden  are  encouraging.  The 
collections  have  been  increased  by  gifts  and  purchases  and  now 
offer  exceptional  opportunities  for  research.  Up  to  the  present 
time  this  very  valuable  branch  of  our  botanical  department  has 
not  been  used  by  students,  but  it  is  gratifying  to  be  able  to  report 
that  material  for  research  work  has  been  successfully  forwarded 
by  post  and  that  critical  specimens  have  been  safely  transmitted 
to  Cambridge  for  use  in  the  research  laboratories. 

The  Director  receives  numerous  inquiries  from  other  institu- 
tions as  to  the  possibility  of  cooperative  research  in  tropical 
botany.  Here  we  have  a  desirable  opportunity  to  form  useful  and 
stimulating  contacts,  but  the  situation  of  the  Cuban  Garden  and 
the  present  lack  of  accommodations  for  visiting  scientists  discour- 
age cooperation.    This  is  altogether  to  be  regretted  because  the 


THE  BOTANIC  GARDENS  241 

garden  is  in  the  heart  of  a  great  sugar  yielding  area  where  intensive 
cultivation  of  tropical  agricultural  crops  offers  ideal  opportunities 
for  the  study  of  the  diseases  of  plants  and  animals  and  for  in- 
fluential research  in  tropical  botany  and  agriculture. 

On  the  Mulford  Biological  Exploration  of  the  Amazon  Basin 
we  are  represented  by  Dr.  O.  E.  White  of  the  Brooklyn  Botanical 
Garden.  Dr.  White  is  to  concentrate  his  attention  on  economic 
plants  for  the  Bussey  Institution  and  on  orchids  for  the  Botanic 
Garden  in  Cambridge.  As  the  region  to  be  explored  is  largely 
terra  incognita  from  a  botanical  point  of  view,  it  is  highly  probable 
that  many  interesting  novelties  will  be  discovered  and  that  to  our 
economic  collections  specimens  will  be  added  that  are  now  known 
only  from  fragments  or  from  citations  in  literature. 

OAKES  AMES,  Director. 


THE  BOTANICAL  MUSEUM 

To  the  President  of  the  University  :  — 

Sir,  —  I  have  the  honor  of  presenting  the  following  report  on 
the  condition  of  the  Botanical  Museum  during  the  academic  year 
1920-21. 

The  Museum  consists  of  four  principal  divisions:  (1)  the  Eco- 
nomic collection,  in  exhibition  cases,  arranged  for  display,  (2)  the 
duplicate  Economic  specimens  available  for  investigation,  (3)  the 
Ware  Collection  of  Blaschka  Glass  Models  of  plants  in  flower, 
(4)  the  fossil  plants. 

The  Ware  Collection  continues  to  be  attractive  to  students  and 
to  the  general  public.  The  cases  in  which  the  specimens  are  dis- 
played have  been  partly  reconstructed  and  wholly  refinished  dur- 
ing the  past  year.  The  heavy  expense  attending  this  work  has  been 
defrayed  by  one  of  the  original  donors  of  the  collection,  Miss 
Mary  Lee  Ware  of  Boston. 

This  unique  collection  now  on  exhibition  contains  specimens 
illustrating  160  families  of  flowering  plants,  540  genera,  and  803 
species.  There  are  more  than  3,200  analytical  magnified  details. 
The  entire  collection  of  models  is  the  gift  to  Harvard  University 
from  Mrs.  Elizabeth  C.  Ware  and  her  daughter,  Miss  Mary  Lee 
Ware,  of  Boston,  as  a  memorial  to  the  late  Dr.  Charles  Eliot  Ware, 
of  the  class  of  1834. 

Besides  the  specimens  now  exhibited  in  our  Museum,  there  are 
more  than  twenty  models  and  fifty  anatomical  details  now  remain- 
ing in  the  artist's  studio,  awaiting  transportation  to  this  country. 
It  is  unsafe  to  transport  any  of  these  specimens  to  our  Museum, 
under  existing  conditions,  especially  as  we  cannot  as  yet  secure 
their  removal  "in  bond"  to  Boston.  Up  to  the  time  of  the  war, 
the  shipments  were  made  direct  to  our  nearest  port,  and  then  by 
the  great  courtesy  of  the  Custom  House  officials  of  the  Port  of 
Boston  were  carried  directly  to  the  Museum  in  Cambridge,  and 
were  unpacked  safely  at  the  University.  When  these  remaining 
specimens  have  been  received,  the  Ware  Collection  will  be  practi- 
cally complete. 

It  is  thought  desirable  to  supplement  this  collection  by  a  display 
of  glass  models  of  grasses  and  sedges.  A  few  models  of  these  in- 
teresting groups  of  plants  constructed  by  Mr.  Blaschka  are  in 
corporated  in  the  Ware  Collection,  and  they  serve  admirably  anc 


242 


THE  BOTANICAL  MUSEUM  243 

adequately  to  show  the  structural  relations  of  the  two  orders.  But 
there  are  certain  other  features  presented  by  the  two  orders  which 
it  is  believed  will  be  extremely  instructive  to  students  and  to  the 
general  public.  It  was  pleasant  to  find  that  Mr.  Blaschka  was 
willing  to  prepare  such  models  for  our  Museum.  Miss  Ware  has 
expressed  herself  as  willing  to  have  such  a  supplementary  collec- 
tion made,  provided  all  the  funds  for  its  construction  and  proper 
installation  in  a  room  adjoining  her  large  collection  can  be  obtained. 

The  new  enterprise  demands  not  only  adequate  funds,  but  also 
suitable  specimens  for  the  artist  to  employ  in  his  modelling.  The 
funds  for  the  first  half-year  have  already  gone  forward  to  Mr. 
Blaschka  and  he  has  begun  his  work. 

Mr.  Walter  Deane,  formerly  President  of  the  New  England 
Botanical  Club,  an  authority  and  an  excellent  botanical  collector, 
has  consented  to  aid  in  providing  the  artist  with  American  material 
for  the  construction  of  the  new  models. 

The  economic  collection  has  not  received  many  additions  dur- 
ing the  year,  but  it  has  served  well  its  purpose  to  answer  the  many 
questions  arising  in  regard  to  the  uses  of  plants.  The  cases  con- 
tain hundreds  of  specimens  well  protected  by  special  containers 
against  insects  and  other  injurious  museum  pests. 

The  store  of  unstudied  material  is  large  and  awaits  investiga- 
tion. During  the  fiscal  year  '20-21  the  health  of  the  Curator  has 
been  at  times  so  much  impaired  that  he  has  not  been  able  to  give 
much  time  to  research.  His  aid,  Mr.  Louis  C.  Bierweiler,  Assist- 
ant at  the  Museum  has  been  untiring  in  his  work,  and  has  greatly 
relieved  the  Curator  in  the  care  of  the  cases.  Moreover  he  has 
been  active  in  the  printing  plant  of  the  Museum,  and  has  been 
able  to  supply  the  janitor  and  watchmen  with  an  adequate  num- 
ber of  descriptive  leaflets  and  pamphlets  for  our  visitors. 

The  collection  of  fossil  plants  remains  under  the  care  of  Dr. 
Robert  T.  Jackson,  and  has  been,  as  usual,  accessible  to  investi- 
gators. 

The  Curator  is  happy  to  state  that  he  has  found  the  Chairman 
of  the  Overseers'  Committee  on  the  Botanical  Museum,  R.  M. 
Saltonstall,  Esq.,  sympathetic  and  helpful. 

A  friend  of  the  Museum,  who  insists  upon  remaining  anony- 
mous, has  provided  for  our  modest  current  expenses  the  coming 
year.  It  is  believed  that  by  the  exercise  of  strict  economy  the 
Museum  may  be  able  to  close  the  fiscal  year,  as  it  did  the  last, 
without  a  deficit.  s 

GEORGE  LINCOLN  GOODALE. 


THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM 

TO   THE   PRESIDENT   OF   THE   UNIVERSITY: 

Sir,  —  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report  on  the 
progress  and  condition  of  the  Arnold  Arboretum  during  the  year 
ending  June  30,  1921. 

The  unusually  mild  winter  during  which  a  temperature  of  zero 
was  recorded  only  twice  at  the  Arboretum,  followed  by  several 
days  of  summer  temperature  during  March,  forced  into  bloom 
several  plants  three  or  four  weeks  before  their  normal  time  of 
flowering.  The  hot  March  days  were  followed  by  severe  frosts 
which  destroyed  flowers  already  open  and  injured  a  few  flower- 
buds.  The  March  frosts  were  followed  by  frosts  in  April  and  May, 
but  these  were  not  severe  in  the  Arboretum  and  did  less  damage 
here  than  in  other  parts  of  the  country,  especially  in  the  middle 
and  southern  Atlantic  states.  Thanks  to  the  mild  winter  and  the 
abundant  rains  of  the  autumn,  many  trees  and  shrubs  have 
bloomed  unusually  well;  the  foliage  on  all  trees  has  been  abundant 
and  well  colored,  and  conifers  and  broad-leaved  evergreens  have 
not  for  a  long  time  been  in  better  health. 

In  July  the  Assistant  Director  left  the  Arboretum  for  a  two  years' 
journey  in  Australasia,  India,  and  eastern  and  southern  Africa. 
The  object  of  this  journey  is  to  enable  Mr.  Wilson  to  become 
acquainted  with  the  vegetation  of  regions  before  unknown  to  him, 
to  bring  the  Arboretum  into  closer  relations  with  botanical  and 
forest  establishments  in  the  Southern  Hemisphere,  to  become  per- 
sonally acquainted  with  the  men  who  direct  these  establishments, 
and  to  obtain  material  for  the  herbarium  and  library  of  the  Ar- 
boretum. During  the  past  academic  year  Wilson  after  a  short 
stay  in  England  has  visited  all  the  Australian  Provinces,  Tasmania 
and  the  two  islands  of  New  Zealand.  He  has  been  well  received 
by  forest  and  other  officials  who  have  acted  as  his  personal  guides 
in  his  forest  expeditions  rjid  have  made  this  journey  pleasant  and 
profitable.  With  their  assistance  he  has  been  able  to  send  home  a 
large  amount  of  mater  Al  which  will  greatly  increase  the  impor- 
tance and  value  of  tt  Arboretum  collections.  Late  in  June  he 
sailed  for  Singapore  on  his  way  to  India  which  he  reached  on  the 
20th  day  of  July. 

244 


4i 

: 


THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM  245 

The  library  contains  33,633  bound  volumes,  7,400  pamphlets  and 
,326  mounted  and  arranged  photographs,  715  bound  volumes, 
400  pamphlets  and  2,781  photographs  having  been  added  during 
the  year. 

During  the  year  the  herbarium  has  received  larger  accessions 
than  in  any  previous  year  in  its  history,  12,186  specimens  having 
been  mounted  and  incorporated.  Among  the  more  valuable  speci- 
mens added  to  the  herbarium  are  several  Chinese  collections  of 
3,000  specimens,  a  collection  of  622  plants  of  Formosa  made  by 
E.  H.  Wilson  during  his  last  journey  in  eastern  Asia,  1,845  Philip- 
pine plants,  216  Himalayan  plants,  and  2,500  North  American 
plants.  A  collection  of  10,000  specimens  of  trees  and  shrubs  cul- 
tivated in  Europe  made  by  the  late  H.  Zabel,  the  well  known 
Swiss  dendrologist  and  superintendent  of  the  Botanic  Garden  in 
Zurich,  has  been  purchased  during  the  year  but  has  not  yet  been 
added  to  the  herbarium.  This  collection  contains  the  types  of  the 
large  number  of  hybrid  and  other  interesting  plants  described  by 
Monsieur  Zabel.  During  the  year  14,776  duplicate  specimens  have 
been  sent  to  twenty-two  botanical  establishments. 

From  its  earliest  days  the  Arboretum  has  not  lost  an  opportunity 
to  introduce  from  foreign  countries  trees  and  other  plants  which 
might  increase  the  value  of  American  forests  and  the  beauty  of 
American  parks  and  gardens.  Several  hundred  species  have  first 
been  cultivated  in  this  country  at  the  Arboretum,  and  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  plants  raised  in  the  Arboretum  nurseries  from  these 
introductions  have  been  widely  distributed  in  most  of  the  coun- 
tries of  the  Northern  Hemisphere.  This  introduction  and  dis- 
tribution of  new  plants  has  been  one  of  the  important  contribu- 
tions made  by  the  Arboretum  to  the  welfare  of  the  country.  By 
the  rulings  of  the  Federal  Horticultural  Board  of  the  Department 
of  Agriculture  it  has  been  necessary  to  stop  this  work,  for  it  is  no 
longer  possible  to  import  the  seeds  of  trees  and  shrubs  or  to  import 
living  plants  unless  they  are  subjected  at  Washington  to  a  treat- 
ment which  practically  insures  their  death,  or  if  plants  survive 
the  Washington  inspection  they  must  be  placed  under  a  quarantine 
which  makes  it  impossible  to  use  them  for  several  years. 

During  the  year  3,375  plants  (including  grafts  and  cuttings) 
and  265  packets  of  seeds  have  been  distributed  as  follows :  To  the 
United  States,  1,613  plants  and  156  packets  of  seeds;  to  Canada, 
49  plants  and  11  packets  of  seeds;  to  Great  Britain,  1,713  plants 
and  89  packets  of  seeds;  to  France,  9  packets  of  seeds.  There  have 
been  received  2,688  plants  and  86  packets  of  seeds  as  follows: 


246  THE  ARNOLD  ARBORETUM 

From  the  United  States,  2,667  plants  and  86  packets  of  seeds; 
from  Canada,  15  plants;  from  Great  Britain,  6  plants. 

The  instruction  in  dendrology  has  been  given  in  the  Arboretum 
by  Assistant  Professor  J.  G.  Jack  who  from  April  to  June  held 
weekly  field  meetings  attended  by  twelve  students.  Seven  special 
students  from  the  Bussey  Institution  worked  in  the  Arboretum 
during  the  year;  of  these  four  were  American,  one  a  Philippine, 
one  a  Chinese,  and  one  from  Japan. 

During  the  year  the  Arboretum  has  published  a  Monograph  of 
Azaleas  based  on  the  material  which  has  been  gathered  here  for 
the  purpose  during  the  last  ten  years.  In  this  publication  the 
Old  World  species  are  described  by  Mr.  Wilson  who  has  seen  them 
all,  with  one  exception,  growing  wild,  and  the  American  species  by 
Mr.  Render,  the  curator  of  the  herbarium.  Three  numbers  of  the 
Journal  of  the  Arboretum  and  seventeen  Bulletins  of  Popular 
Information  were  published  during  the  year. 

Without  the  interest  and  generosity  of  the  members  of  the  Com- 
mittee appointed  by  the  Overseers  to  visit  the  Arboretum  and  of 
other  friends  of  the  institution  it  would  not  be  possible  to  maintain 
this  department  of  the  University  and  to  carry  on  its  scientific 
activities.  To  them  is  due  the  thanks  of  all  students  of  dendrology 
and  of  all  lovers  of  trees. 

C.  S.  SARGENT,  Director. 


THE  CHEMICAL  LABORATORY 

To  the  President  of  the  University  :  — 

Sir,  —  I  am  glad  to  report  that  on  my  return  to  the  Chemical 
Laboratory  after  an  absence  of  three  years  I  found  it,  thanks  largely 
to  the  zeal  and  ability  of  Mr.  Boughton,  the  Assistant  Director, 
in  as  good  condition  as  the  infirmities  and  inadequacies  of  Boylston 
Hall  and  the  difficulties  of  wartime  administration  permitted. 

During  the  past  year  there  has  been  a  slight  decrease  in  the 
enrolment  in  the  more  elementary  courses,  but  an  almost  equiva- 
lent increase  in  the  research  courses  in  chemistry,  so  that  the  total 
number  of  whole  course  enrolments  in  laboratory  courses  was  784, 
as  compared  with  807  during  the  previous  year.  The  marked  in- 
crease in  the  number  of  men  taking  elementary  organic  chemistry, 
which  has  occurred  in  the  previous  year  or  two,  has  continued. 
This  increase  is  the  result  in  part  of  the  development  of  the  dye- 
stuff  industry  in  this  country,  and  in  part  of  the  requirement  of 
this  subject  for  entrance  to  medical  schools. 

The  only  important  alteration  in  the  building,  other  than  the 
usual  repairs,  has  been  to  partition  off  a  portion  of  the  elementary 
laboratory,  and  install  there  the  necessary  equipment  for  labora- 
tory work  in  organic  chemistry.  In  this  way  the  increased  enrol- 
ment in  this  subject,  mentioned  above,  has  been  taken  care  of. 

Professor  Michael  continued  his  studies  on  the  mechanism  of 
organic  rearrangements. 

Professor  Richards  and  Professor  Baxter,  in  collaboration  with 
graduate  students,  continued  their  studies  on  atomic  weights, 
studies  which  have  brought  much  honor  to  Harvard  and  to 
American  chemistry.  Professor  Richards  with  the  help  of  H.  S. 
King  continued  his  work  on  the  separation  of  lead  isotopes.  The 
work  on  the  atomic  weight  of  gallium,  conducted  with  the  assist- 
ance of  W.  M.  Craig,  in  spite  of  unexpected  difficulties,  has  pro- 
gressed, and  probably  will  be  finished  during  the  coming  year. 
With  the  collaboration  of  J.  Russell,  he  completed  thermochemical 
investigations  of  thallium  amalgams,  obtaining  results  which  con- 
firm and  amplify  the  electrochemical  results  obtained  at  the  Gibbs 
Laboratory  by  Assistant  Professor  J.  B.  Conant  five  years  ago. 
With  0.  C  Bridgeman,  he  continued  the  study  of  the  heat  of 
hydrolysis  of  esters.  Preliminary  results  show  that  the  absorption 
of  heat  is  greater  than  had  been  generally  supposed.  The  investi- 
gation is  being  continued.    With  the  help  of  E.  P.  R.  Saerens  he 

247 


248  THE  CHEMICAL  LABORATOKY 

began  the  study  of  the  compressibility  of  the  halides  of  the  rarer 
alkali  metals,  as  well  as  of  the  metals  of  the  alkaline  earths.  With 
the  assistance  of  T.  Dunham,  Jr.,  the  effect  of  varying  hydrogen 
ion  concentration  on  metallic  electrode  potentials  was  studied, 
leading  to  a  systematic  study  of  junction  potentials  in  general. 
Further  progress  was  made,  with  the  assistance  of  Miss  E.  H. 
Lanman,  a  graduate  student  of  Radcliffe  College,  in  the  purifica- 
tion of  rubidium  salts,  preparatory  to  the  determination  of  the 
atomic  weight.  She  made,  at  the  same  time,  a  systematic  study 
of  the  efficiency  of  fractional  crystallization.  Dr.  E.  K.  Carver, 
Rockefeller  Research  Fellow  at  the  Wolcott  Gibbs  Memorial 
Laboratory,  continued  his  independent  investigations  of  the  ad- 
sorption of  vapors  on  glass  surfaces. 

Professor  Kohler  studied  with  B.  L.  Souther  the  relation  be- 
tween cyanogen  compounds  and  pyridine  derivatives;  with  N.  L. 
Drake  and  A.  McB.  Kinney  the  mechanism  of  catalytic  hydro- 
genation;    with  R.  W.  Helmkamp  and  C.  S.  Dewey  the  factors 
that  influence  ring  formation;   with  C.  D.  Lowry  enolization  in 
hydropyridine  derivatives;   with  P.  Allen,  Jr.  the  mode  of  addi- 
tion to  unsaturated  ketones;    with  L.  F.  Small  intramolecular 
condensation;  and  with  D.  G.  Foster  unsaturated  nitro  ketones. 
Professor  Baxter  analyzed  the  pure  silver  used  as  a  standard 
in   atomic   weight   comparisons.     Spectrograms   indicated   only 
traces  of  calcium  as  impurity,  and  wet  analysis  showed  the  pro- 
portion of  this  impurity  to  be  not  over  four  hundred-thousandths 
of  a  per  cent.  With  P.  F.  Weatherill  he  continued  the  preparation 
and  analysis  of  pure  silicon  tetrachloride  and  silicon  tetrabromide. 
Both  of  these  investigations  point  to  a  value  for  the  atomic  weight 
of  silicon  of  28.09  in  striking  contrast  to  the  older  value  28.3 ;  with 
A.  F.  Scott  he  purified  and  analyzed  boron  trichloride,  obtaining 
an  atomic  weight  of  boron  computed  from  his  results  of  10.84, 
a  value  distinctly  lower  than  the  one  in  present  use;  with  M.  J. 
Dorcas  he  investigated  arsenic  trichloride  and  obtained  by  analy- 
sis of  the  pure  material  a  value  for  the  atomic  weight  of  arsenic 
slightly  lower  than  the  current  value;   with  F.  A.  Hilton,  Jr.  he 
undertook  to  repeat  the  comparison  of  terrestrial  and  meteoric 
nickel  by  the  analysis  of  nickel  chloride,  in  order  to  confirm  the 
conclusion  previously  reached  by  Dr.  Parsons,  through  the  analy- 
sis of  nickel  oxide,  that  the  two  are  identical.   The  extraction  and 
purification  of  the  meteoric  material,  together  with  that  of  the 
terrestrial  material  for   comparison,   occupied  all  his  available 
time.     Muneo   Tani  completed   the  analysis  of   lanthanum  tri- 


THE   CHEMICAL  LABORATORY  249 

chloride  which  he  had  begun  in  the  previous  year.  He  found  the 
atomic  weight  of  lanthanum  to  be  138.91,  a  value  nearly  0.10 
of  a  unit  less  than  the  one  in  current  use. 

Professor  Henderson  continued  his  studies  on  the  physico- 
chemical  equilibria  in  the  blood. 

I  studied  with  R.  L.  Dodge  the  adsorption  of  hydrogen  upon  iron 
at  elevated  temperatures,  in  order  to  correlate  this  phenomenon 
with  the  remarkable  catalytic  effect  which  iron  is  known  to  exert 
on  the  combination  of  nitrogen  and  hydrogen  in  the  synthesis  of 
ammonia  by  means  of  the  Haber  process.  In  this  work  we  have 
received  very  generous  financial  support  from  the  United  States 
Fixed  Nitrogen  Research  Laboratory  of  Washington.  With  W. 
E.  Vail  I  have  been  studying  a  similar  problem  connected  with 
the  catalytic  oxidation  of  carbon  monoxide  by  the  oxygen  of  the 
air;  and  with  A.  W.  Phillips  the  effect  of  sulfuric  acid  on  the 
oxidation  of  carbon  monoxide  by  iodic  acid  in  solution. 

Associate  Professor  Forbes  continued  the  investigation  of  reac- 
tions between  thiosulfates  and  arsenic  compounds.  In  collabora- 
tion with  E.  B.  Damon  he  developed  a  new  method  for  measuring 
thermal  diffusion  of  electrolytes.  During  the  summer  session,  with 
J.  C.  Woodhouse  he  investigated  the  relation  between  hydrogen 
ion  concentration  and  the  velocity  of  the  photochemical  reaction 
between  quinine  and  chromic  acid. 

Assistant  Professor  Jones  acted  as  Consulting  Chemist  to  the 
United  States  Tariff  Commission  in  the  framing  of  the  portions 
of  the  tariff  bill  now  pending  before  Congress  which  deal  with 
chemicals.  With  T.  W.  Abbot  he  continued  an  investigation  of 
tartaric  acid  for  the  purpose  of  securing  fundamental,  scientific 
data  useful  in  the  manufacture  of  this  acid;  and  with  H.  M.  Bur- 
lage  he  started  an  investigation  of  the  electrolytic  dissociation  of 
barium  chloride  solutions. 

Assistant  Professor  Conant,  with  a  number  of  students,  con- 
tinued his  study  of  the  addition  reactions  of  the  phosphorus 
halides.  With  V.  H.  Wallingford  he  investigated  the  behavior  of 
alpha  chloro  ketones  with  a  number  of  phosphorus  halides  and 
improved  the  methods  of  preparing  several  of  these  latter  sub- 
stances; with  B.  B.  Coyne  the  mechanism  of  the  formation  of  un- 
saturated phosphonic  acids  from  certain  ketones  and  phosphorus 
trichloride  was  established;  with  H.  S.  Holt  work  on  the  addition 
of  phosphenyl  chloride  to  unsaturated  ketones  was  completed; 
with  S.  S.  Gandheker  he  made  a  comparative  study  of  the  1,  2  and 
1,  4  addition  of  a  number  of  phosphorus  halides  containing  the 


250  THE   CHEMICAL   LABORATORY 

alkoxyl  group;  with  E.  L.  Jackson  the  study  of  the  addition  of 
hypohalogen  acids  to  unsaturated  compounds  was  continued,  and 
an  investigation  on  certain  reactions  of  beta  halogen  phosphonic 
acids  was  started;  with  J.  B.  S.  Braverman  diphenyl  chloro  - 
phosphine  was  prepared  and  shown  to  combine  with  unsaturated 
ketones  in  the  1,  4  position;  with  W.  R.  Kirner  a  series  of  new 
chloro  alkyl  sulfides  for  a  study  of  the  rates  of  reaction  of  simi- 
larly related  halogen  compounds  was  prepared;  with  J.  B.  Segur, 
also  in  connection  with  a  problem  on  the  reactivity  of  halogen 
compounds,  a  method  of  preparing  gamma  halogen  ketones  was 
devised,  and  a  gamma  chloro  ketone  was  synthesized  for  the  first 
time;  with  O.  R.  Quayle  a  study  was  made  of  the  preparation 
of  monochlorohydrine,  dichlorohydrine,  and  dichloro-acetone,  and 
of  the  action  of  metallic  silver  on  diiodo-acetone ;  with  H.  H.  R. 
Thompson  the  oxidation  of  normal  butyl  and  isobutyl  alcohols 
to  the  corresponding  acids  was  investigated;  with  H.  M.  Kahn  a 
preliminary  study  of  the  oxidation-reduction  potentials  of  a  num- 
ber of  vat  dyes  and  related  substances  was  made;  it  was  shown 
that  the  electrochemistry  of  these  substances  is  parallel  to  that 
of  inorganic  substances  and  may  be  expressed  by  the  same  mathe- 
matical formulae. 

Dr.  Hall  made  a  search  for  a  suitable  solvent  for  Bridgman's 
black  phosphorus,  and  conducted  a  preliminary  study  of  the  vapor- 
ization of  mercury,  with  a  view  to  its  separation  into  isotopic 
fractions.  With  W.  T.  Selg  he  studied  the  chemical  properties  of 
black  phosphorus,  particularly  its  reactions  with  salt  solutions. 

Professor  Richards  received  another  grant  of  $3000  from  the 
Carnegie  Institution  of  Washington  and  a  further  generous  grant 
from  an  anonymous  benefactor.  Both  grants  may  be  used  for 
apparatus  and  expert  assistance,  but  not  for  such  purposes  as 
heating,  repairs,  or  insurance.  Therefore  the  Gibbs  Laboratory 
now  inevitably  incurs  an  annual  deficit,  since  the  originally  ade- 
quate fund  provided  by  those  who  endowed  the  building  in  1912 
is  insufficient  to  meet  the  enormously  increased  cost  of  these  items. 

During  the  year  the  work  of  Assistant  Professor  Conant  was 
facilitated  by  two  grants  from  the  Cyrus  M.  Warren  Fund  of  the 
American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  one  a  grant  of  $250 
which  was  used  for  the  purchase  of  a  potentiometer,  and  the  other 
of  $200  which  was  used  in  partially  defraying  the  expenses  of  pre- 
paring a  large  quantity  of  phosphenyl  chloride. 

ARTHUR  B.  LAMB,  Director. 


THE  JEFFERSON  PHYSICAL  LABORATORY 

To  the  President  of  the  University:  — 

Sir,  —  The  total  number  of  students  working  in  this  Labora- 
tory during  the  current  year  was  somewhat  larger  than  during 
1919-20,  but  the  number  of  graduates  engaged  in  research  showed 
no  increase.  In  the  latter  class  there  were  six  students,  four  under 
the  direction  of  Professor  Duane  devoted  themselves  to  problems 
connected  with  X-Rays,  two  worked  with  Professor  Davis  in  the 
field  of  Heat.  The  research  activity  of  the  Laboratory,  however, 
is  never  confined  to  the  labors  of  the  candidates  for  the  doctor's 
degree;  as  in  the  past,  nearly  all  the  teaching  staff  have  been  en- 
gaged on  original  problems,  experimental  and  theoretical,  while 
as  guests  of  the  Laboratory  Dr.  Paine,  National  Research  Fellow, 
has  continued  his  measurements  on  free-air  humidities,  and  Pro- 
fessor Hersey  of  the  Institute  of  Technology  has  investigated  the 
effect  of  pressure  on  the  viscosity  of  oils. 

It  has  been  our  policy  to  offer  the  facilities  of  the  Laboratory  to 
investigators  in  the  employ  of  the  U.  S.  Government,  whenever  it 
has  been  possible  to  do  so  without  prejudice  to  academic  activi- 
ties. During  the  past  year  this  type  of  work  has  been  represented 
by  a  study  of  the  compressibility  of  steel,  carried  on  under  the 
direction  of  Professor  Bridgman  for  the  authorities  at  the  Water- 
town  Arsenal,  and  by  the  continuation  of  a  research  by  Mr. 
Dunbar  under  the  direction  of  Professor  Davis.  The  latter  study 
is  concerned  with  the  vapor  pressures  and  compositions  of  the 
liquid  and  gaseous  phases  in  equilibrium  at  a  given  temperature 
in  mixtures  of  nitrogen  and  methane,  and  is  important  because 
the  majority  of  helium-bearing  gases  have  nitrogen  and  methane 
as  their  chief  constituents;  the  separation  of  helium  therefore 
involves  as  its  first  and  fundamental  step  the  separation  of 
methane  from  nitrogen. 

The  weekly  meetings  of  the  Physical  Colloquium  constitute  an 
important  item  in  the  list  of  our  activities;  they  continue  to  attract 
not  only  members  of  other  Departments,  but  also  visitors  from 
neighboring  institutions.  A  number  of  public  lectures  were  given 
during  the  spring  on  Topics  in  Physics  of  general  interest;  it  is 
proposed  to  continue  the  series  during  the  coming  year. 

251 


252  THE   JEFFERSON   PHYSICAL   LABORATORY 

At  the  end  of  the  academic  year  Professor  E.  H.  Hall  retired. 
The  members  of  the  Department,  in  expressing  their  high  appre- 
ciation of  the  value  of  his  services  to  teaching  and  research  during 
more  than  thirty  years,  earnestly  hope  that  he  may  long  continue 
to  work  among  them  in  this  Laboratory,  to  the  end  that  they  may 
profit  by  his  experience  and  may  be  stimulated  by  his  example. 

THEODORE  LYMAN,  Director. 


THE  CRUFT  LABORATORY 

To  the  President  of  the  University  :  — 

Sir,  —  During  the  year  1920-1921,  there  were  94  registrations 
in  courses  given  at  the  Cruft  Laboratory.  These  registrations  in- 
cluded the  names  of  36  different  students,  about  half  of  whom 
were  in  the  School  of  Arts  and  Sciences  and  half  in  the  School  of 
Engineering.  In  both  schools  about  25  were  graduate  students, 
among  whom  were  one  Army  officer  and  four  Naval  officers  de- 
tailed by  the  U.  S.  Government. 

Researches  were  carried  on  by  graduate  students  as  follows: 
E.  J.  Baldes,  radio  filters  and  compensators;  P.  P.  Coggins, 
mercury-tube  oscillators;  L.  M.  Hull,  vacuum  power-tube  oscil- 
lators; Phillip  Machanik,  construction  and  study  of  an  artificial 
line  equivalent  to  1000  miles  of  South  African  Telephone  con- 
ductor; D.  P.  Randall,  vacuum-tube  detectors  and  amplifiers; 
Captain  E.  C.  Seeds,  U.  S.  A.,  researches  in  connection  with  coast 
defence  and  secret  radiotelegraphy;  H.  J.  McLeod,  resistance  of 
condensers. 

Among  these  researches,  that  of  Mr.  H.  J.  McLeod,  who  is  Pro- 
fessor of  Physics  at  the  University  of  Alberta  and  who  was  on 
leave  of  absence  for  study  at  Harvard,  constituted  the  basis  of 
his  thesis  for  a  Ph.D.  degree  that  was  awarded  in  June.  The 
work  of  Mr.  Machanik,  a  telephone  engineer  of  the  Union  Gov- 
ernment of  South  Africa  on  leave,  was  also  successful  in  yielding 
important  information  that  may  be  applied  directly  to  the  tele- 
phone systems  of  his  government. 

The  researches  of  Professor  Chaffee,  in  cooperation  with  Pro- 
fessor Bovie  of  the  Harvard  Medical  School,  have  yielded  inter- 
esting results  as  to  the  response  of  the  eye  to  optical  and  electrical 
stimulus,  and  have  been  embodied  in  various  reports  before  scien- 
tific societies.  The  work  is  still  under  way.  Professor  Chaffee 
has  also  continued  researches  on  vacuum-tube  phenomena,  and, 
in  cooperation  with  Mr.  R.  F.  Field  and  others,  has  made  impor- 
tant progress  in  the  field  of  secret  radiotelegraphy. 

Professor  Pierce  has  completed  designs  of  a  government  hy- 
drophone station,  which  is  now  being  installed,  and  has  made 
modifications  in  electric  compensators  for  use  as  a  part  of  the 

253 


254  THE  CRUFT  LABORATORY 

hydrophone  equipment  on  Naval  vessels.  His  book  on  "  Electric 
Oscillations  and  Electric  Waves"  has  been  published  and  is  used 
as  a  text  in  Physics  4a,  46,  and  4c,  and  in  Engineering  226. 

The  new  four  year  program  in  Electric  Communication  Engi- 
neering in  the  Engineering  School  was  initiated  at  the  beginning 
of  the  year,  and  seems  to  conform  to  the  needs  of  a  serious  body  of 
students,  and  to  an  active  demand  for  men  grounded  in  mathe- 
matical physics  and  the  principles  of  electric  communication  to 
engage  in  telegraph,  telephone  and  electric  wave  development. 
This  program  required  the  addition  to  the  curriculum  of  three  new 
half  courses,  Engineering  224,  225,  and  226,  which  were  taken  by 
a  considerable  number  of  students. 

G.  W.  PIERCE,  Director. 


THE  PSYCHOLOGICAL  LABORATORY 

To  the  President  of  the  University  :  — 

Sir,  —  The  teaching  staff  has  been  augmented  by  the  appoint- 
ment of  Professor  William  McDougall,  who  has  conducted  several 
courses  which  had  been  omitted  for  some  years.  It  is  now  possible 
for  the  Department  to  give  a  full  year's  introductory  instruction, 
consisting  of  a  half  course  by  Professor  McDougall,  followed  by 
a  half  course  by  Professor  Langfeld.  Owing  to  the  new  rules  for 
distribution  the  attendance  in  the  introductory  courses  has  de- 
creased, but  the  number  of  students  in  the  middle  group  and 
advanced  courses  has  either  remained  the  same  or  has  increased. 

In  experimental  comparative  psychology  Professor  McDougall 
and  a  group  of  students  have  been  working  upon  a  problem  of 
acquired  characteristics  in  the  white  rat. 

In  experimental  human  psychology  three  students  obtained 
their  Ph.D.  degree.  Dr.  W.  M.  Marston's  thesis  described  ex- 
periments on  the  psycho-physiology  of  deception.  Dr.  H.  L.  Har- 
ley's  research  was  upon  a  problem  of  monotony  and  fatigue  with 
special  reference  to  industrial  conditions  and  the  selection  of  in- 
dustrial personnel.  Dr.  J.  P.  Hettwer  investigated  the  various 
factors  of  the  conditioned  reflex.  Dr.  Troland  has  continued  his 
work  on  vision  and  has  supervised  a  research  by  Mr.  C.  H.  Lang- 
ford  upon  chromatic  luminosity  in  fatigue  and  one  by  Mr.  C. 
Clark  upon  retinal  rivalry.  Mr.  G.  Allport  devised  methods  for 
the  measurement  of  personality.  Miss  P.  Allen  started  an  in- 
vestigation on  the  methods  of  measuring  the  emotions.  Mr. 
W.  G.  Currie  analyzed  the  phenomenon  of  cross-rhythm  in  music. 
Miss  K.  Day  continued  her  work  upon  color  preference  and  the 
relation  of  color  to  moods.  Mr.  H.  R.  de  Silva  devised  tests  for 
mental  measurements.  Mr.  C.  Goldthwait  commenced  an  analy- 
sis of  some  of  the  factors  in  learning  telegraphy.  Miss  A.  Gould 
investigated  the  color  preference  of  school  children.  Miss  B. 
Jones  made  a  study  of  character  analysis.  Mr.  K.  Lanouette 
continued  his  research  on  the  relation  of  word  reactions  to  emo- 
tions and  sentiments.  Mr.  S.  Matz  examined  the  different  appeals 
of  headlines  in  advertising.  Mr.  R.  M.  Simpson  began  a  problem 
upon  creative  imagination.    Dr.  Y.  Tang  worked  upon  a  phase  of 

255 


256 


THE  PSYCHOLOGICAL  LABORATORY 


the  reaction  time  experiment.    Mr.  I.  Whittemore  commenced  a 
research  on  social  factors  in  industry. 

In  experimental  educational  psychology  under  the  direction  of 
Professor  Dearborn  group  intelligence  tests  were  applied  to  ap- 
proximately 15,000  school  children  and  two  investigations  in- 
volving these  data  were  begun  during  the  year.  Mr.  Godfrey 
Dewey  has  made  an  investigation  of  methods  of  brief  handwriting, 
and  Miss  Lorna  Hodgkinson  has  worked  on  the  standardization 
of  performance  tests  for  use  in  a  study  of  the  feeble-minded. 


HERBERT  S.  LANGFELD,  Director. 


THE  OBSERVATORY 

To  the  President  op  the  University:  — 

Sir,  —  The  staff  of  the  Astronomical  Observatory  has  suffered 
serious  loss  in  recent  years.  Following  the  death  of  Professor 
Pickering,  the  late  Director,  in  1919,  the  Observatory  lost  two 
of  its  members  in  1920,  Miss  Selina  C.  Bond  and  Professor  Arthur 
Searle.  Miss  Bond  was  the  daughter  of  the  first  director  of  the 
Observatory  and  an  assistant  under  later  directors.  Professor 
Searle  was  a  member  of  the  Observatory  for  more  than  forty  years 
and  for  many  years  Phillips  Professor  of  Astronomy. 

Dr.  Harlow  Shapley,  formerly  of  the  Mount  Wilson  Observa- 
tory, California,  was  called  to  this  Observatory  during  the  past 
year,  as  Observer.  He  has  carried  on  studies  of  variable  stars,  and 
has  made  experiments  on  the  measurement  of  the  colors  of  stars. 
He  finds  that  cluster  type  variables  exist  in  the  Small  Magellanic 
Cloud.  This  result  is  of  importance  in  estimating  the  distances  of 
globular  clusters  and  in  determining  the  scale  of  the  Galactic 
System,  as  it  helps  to  establish  the  connection  between  the  long 
period  and  the  short  period  Cepheid  variables,  which  have  been 
used  in  his  photometric  methods  of  determining  great  distances. 

Dr.  Shapley  and  Miss  Cannon  are  engaged  in  making  a  discus- 
sion of  the  distribution  of  the  stars  of  different  spectral  types  and 
magnitudes,  which  occur  in  the  Henry  Draper  Catalogue. 

A  new  line  of  work  of  large  extent  and  of  much  significance  in 
studies  of  the  structure  of  the  stellar  system,  and  one  specially 
suited  to  the  equipment  of  the  Observatory,  is  being  opened  up  by 
the  investigations  of  stellar  distances.  Several  years  ago,  from  a 
study  of  Harvard  plates,  Dr.  Shapley  found  that  very  good  esti- 
mates of  the  distances  of  stars  could  be  obtained  from  spectra  made 
with  objective  prisms.  His  present  association  with  the  Observa- 
tory has  permitted  the  further  study  of  this  problem.  The  pre- 
liminary results  are  highly  satisfactory.  In  this  research,  the  value 
of  an  observing  station  in  the  southern  hemisphere  is  demonstrated. 
Nearly  all  of  the  observatories  where  stellar  distances  are  measured 
are  located  in  the  northern  hemisphere,  and  the  distances  of 
southern  stars,  as  a  consequence,  are  little  known.  There  has,  ac- 
cordingly, been  a  troublesome  incompleteness  in  the  study  of  the 

857 


258  THE    OBSERVATORY 

distribution  of  stars  in  space.  It  now  appears  probable  that  the 
Harvard  Observatory  will  be  able  to  fill  the  need  for  the  distances 
of  southern  stars,  chiefly  by  the  use  of  photographs  already  exist- 
ing in  the  Harvard  photographic  collection. 

The  systematic  photographic  survey  of  the  sky  for  the  discovery 
of  new  objects  of  interest  has  been  continued  during  the  year, 
and  two  new  stars  have  been  discovered  by  Miss  Woods  on  pho- 
tographs of  the  Milky  Way.  In  addition,  a  large  number  of  new 
variable  stars  have  been  found.  Lists  of  sixty-seven  such  objects 
have  been  published  in  Circulars  224  and  225,  discovered  by  Misses 
Cannon,  Applegate,  Harwood,  Mackie,  Walker,  and  Woods. 

The  astronomical  fellowships  for  women  have  been  filled  by  Mrs. 
Mary  Applegate  Beach  and  by  Miss  A.  Grace  Cook.  Mrs.  Beach 
made  photographic  observations  of  variable  stars.  Miss  Cook  of 
Stowmarket,  England,  was  engaged  in  the  observation  of  meteors. 
This  is  the  first  time  that  the  fellowship  has  been  awarded  to  an 
English  woman. 

Dr.  Joel  H.  Met  calf  is  still  engaged  in  his  study  of  large  proper 
motion  with  the  " Blink"  comparator. 

Good  progress  has  been  made  in  publication,  especially  of  the 
Henry  Draper  Catalogue.  Friends  of  the  Observatory  have  con- 
tributed largely  to  this  result.  Through  the  generosity  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  C.  W.  Elmer,  an  offer  of  a  thousand  dollars  was  made 
by  The  American  Association  of  Variable  Star  Observers  to  hasten 
the  publication  of  the  Catalogue,  with  the  condition  that  an  equal 
amount  should  be  received  from  some  other  source.  This  condi- 
tion was  promptly  met  by  Mrs.  James  R.  Jewett,  who,  in  addition, 
has  generously  offered  to  defray  the  expense  of  the  final  volume, 
H.  A.  99,  the  ninth  volume  of  the  Catalogue.  This  assures  the 
prompt  appearance  of  the  remaining  volumes. 

Henry  Draper  Memorial 

From  an  examination  of  the  plates  of  the  Henry  Draper  Memo- 
rial, twenty -seven  stars  having  bright  lines  in  their  spectra  have 
been  discovered  by  Miss  Cannon,  sixteen  of  which  are  new  variable 
stars.  Two  new  double  stars  were  found  by  means  of  their  spectra, 
and  six  more  of  the  uncommon  stars  of  Class  R. 

A  special  study  has  also  been  made  by  Miss  Cannon  of  the 
Large  Magellanic  Cloud.  The  number  of  objects  having  bright 
lines  in  their  spectra  in  this  region  has  been  increased  from  forty- 
eight  to  sixty-one.  The  stars  of  Class  O  in  this  Cloud,  thirty- 
three  in  all,  comprise  nearly  one  third  of  the  total  number  now 


THE  OBSERVATORY  259 

known  to  exist  in  all  parts  of  the  sky.  Some  of  them  are  of  the 
fourteenth  magnitude,  or  three  magnitudes  fainter  than  any  so 
far  known  outside  of  this  Cloud.  Five  additional  stars  of  the  P 
Cygni  type  were  also  found  in  this  survey,  the  faintest  of  which  is 
of  magnitude  13.2.  Numerous  stars  whose  spectra  are  of  Class  B, 
some  of  which  are  as  faint  as  the  eleventh  magnitude,  exist  in 
this  Cloud. 

The  spectra  of  nine  variable  stars  in  the  Large  Cloud  were  found 
to  belong  to  Classes  from  K5  to  Mc.  While  the  light  curves  of 
these  stars  have  not  yet  been  determined,  at  least  five  of  them 
appear  to  be  Cepheids. 

A  similar  study  of  the  Small  Magellanic  Cloud  was  made  with 
the  result  that  only  one  new  gaseous  nebula  was  found,  making  a 
total  of  three  objects  having  spectra  containing  bright  lines. 

The  supervision  by  Miss  Cannon  of  the  printing  of  the  Henry 
Draper  Catalogue  has  occupied  considerable  time. 

The  number  of  the  photographs  of  the  stars  made  at  Cambridge 
by  Professor  King  or  under  his  direction  during  the  year  was  4,427. 
The  total  number  of  plates  made  was  5,091.  The  number  of  suc- 
cessful photographs  taken  for  the  position  of  the  Moon  was  39. 
This  work  was  discontinued  in  April.  Plates  were  also  made  of 
Uranus  and  Neptune,  and  for  the  detection  of  Planet  O,  according 
to  data  furnished  by  Professor  W.  H.  Pickering. 

The  work  with  the  8-inch  Draper  Telescope,  by  means  of  out- 
of -focus  images,  for  photo-visual  magnitudes  of  bright  stars  and 
planets,  has  been  continued.  A  preliminary  reduction  of  these 
observations  gives  the  photo-visual  magnitudes  for  forty-four 
stars,  and  shows  that  the  color  value  of  this  system  is  slightly 
toward  the  red  end  of  the  spectrum  as  compared  with  the  photo- 
metric magnitudes  of  H.  A.  50.  Many  measures  of  the  photo- 
graphic magnitudes  of  the  bright  planets  have  also  been  made. 
Photographs  of  the  brighter  asteroids,  when  near  opposition,  have 
also  been  taken. 

Plates  received  from  Arequipa,  which  were  taken  for  the  photo- 
visual  magnitudes  of  southern  stars,  have  been  measured  and 
partly  reduced. 

The  systematic  tests  of  plates  and  standard  lamps  have  been 
continued. 

Boyden  Department 

Arequipa  Station.  —  At  the  end  of  September,  1920,  Mr.  F.  E. 
Hinkley,  who  had  been  in  charge  of  the  Station,  was  obliged  for 
personal  reasons  to  resign  his  position  and  return  to  the  United 


260  THE   OBSERVATORY 

States.  During  the  past  year,  therefore,  the  Station  has  been  in 
charge  of  Senor  J.  E.  Muniz,  who  has  been  the  only  assistant. 
He  has  taken  general  care  of  the  buildings  and  equipment,  made 
regular  meteorological  observations,  and  carried  on  photographic 
work  with  a  portion  of  the  instruments.  During  the  past  year  he 
secured  altogether  1,214  photographs  of  the  sky,  568  of  which 
were  made  with  the  10-inch  Metcalf  telescope  for  the  determina- 
tion of  stellar  magnitudes. 

The  stellar  photographs  obtained  at  Arequipa  in  the  future  as 
in  the  past  will  doubtless  continue  to  play  an  important  part  in 
the  plans  of  the  Observatory,  and  it  is  hoped  that  the  Station  may 
be  placed  again  on  a  more  efficient  basis  during  the  coming  year. 

Mandeville  Station.  —  The  Mandeville  Station  remains  under 
the  direction  of  Professor  W.  H.  Pickering,  who  has  continued  his 
observations  of  the  Moon  and  planets.  A  careful,  but  unsuccessful, 
search  was  made  for  the  suspected  transneptunian  Planet  0,  on 
plates  made  at  Cambridge  with  the  16-inch  Metcalf  Telescope. 
The  Station  was  temporarily  closed  in  April  and  Professor  Pick- 
ering left  Jamaica  for  a  year's  rest  and  study  in  Europe,  having 
been  granted  a  sabbatical  vacation  by  the  Corporation. 

Photographic  Magnitudes 

The  taking  and  measurement  of  series  plates  for  the  purpose 
of  obtaining  the  brightness  of  stars  in  all  parts  of  the  sky  on  the 
scale  of  the  North  Polar  Sequence  has  been  continued  under  the 
direction  of  Miss  Leavitt.  The  number  of  such  plates  taken  has 
been  smaller  than  usual,  but  their  quality  has  been  exceptionally 
good.  With  the  16-inch  Metcalf  Telescope  at  Cambridge,  nine 
series  were  taken  with  blue  and  sixteen  series  with  yellow  light, 
to  be  used  for  photographic  and  photovisual  magnitudes,  respec- 
tively. The  number  of  plates  in  a  series  is  usually  twelve.  The 
northern  sky  is  now  so  far  covered  with  this  instrument  that  it  is 
usually  possible  to  obtain  the  approximate  magnitude  of  any  star 
north  of  declination  —15°  without  much  delay.  The  process  of 
covering  the  southern  sky  with  the  10-inch  Metcalf  Telescope  at 
Arequipa  is  somewhat  more  than  two-thirds  completed.  The 
numbers  of  series  taken  for  photographic  and  photovisual  magni- 
tudes were  thirty-one  and  thirty-four,  respectively.  About  18,000 
measures  have  been  made  on  series  plates,  mainly  for  sequences 
of  stars  in  the  southern  heavens.  We  now  have  magnitudes  on 
file  for  about  35,000  stars. 


THE   OBSERVATORY  261 

As  usual,  many  requests  have  been  received  for  magnitudes  of 
particular  objects.  The  observation  of  variable  stars  and  novae 
has  also  continued  to  be  an  important  activity  in  this  department. 
The  number  of  such  observations  has  been  about  3,000. 

Variable  Stars 

Visual  observations  of  variable  stars  continue  to  be  an  impor- 
tant part  of  the  working  program.  Mr.  Campbell  has  continued  in 
charge  of  this  department,  attending  to  the  correspondence  with 
Variable  Star  Observers  and  others  outside  the  Observatory  and 
preparing  the  monthly  Bulletin  which  keeps  observers  informed  of 
the  stars  which  require  most  attention.  He  has  also  secured  ob- 
servations with  the  12-inch  and  15-inch  telescopes,  when  espe- 
cially needed.  Nearly  1,200  estimates  of  the  variables,  chiefly 
during  their  faint  phases,  have  been  made,  and  10,824  settings 
with  the  photometers  attached  to  these  telescopes. 

Considerable  time  has  been  given  to  the  observation  of  asteroids, 
for  the  detection  of  variability,  and  the  determination  of  periods. 
The  photometric  settings  were  5,662,  on  eight  asteroids,  of  which 
Melpomene  and  Victoria  appear  to  be  certainly  variable. 

Five  eclipses  of  Jupiter's  satellites  were  observed.  Special  atten- 
tion has  been  given  to  eclipsing  variables  and  to  some  of  the  more 
interesting  irregular  variables. 

The  number  of  observations  contributed  to  the  Observatory  by 
professional  and  amateur  astronomers  is  the  largest  ever  received, 
24,018.  Of  these,  17,325  were  communicated  by  The  American 
Association  of  Variable  Star  Observers.  Observations  of  southern 
variables  by  Dr.  J.  M.  Baldwin,  of  Victoria,  Australia,  and  by  Mr. 
J.  F.  Skjellerup,  of  South  Africa,  are  of  great  value.  Professor 
Mitchell,  Director  of  the  McCormick  Observatory,  has  continued 
to  furnish  observations  of  the  variables  when  very  faint.  The 
detailed  list  of  contributors  is  as  follows : 

J.  M.  Baldwin,  2913;  L.  C.  Peltier,  1889;  G.  B.  Lacchini,  1677; 
J.  F.  Skjellerup,  1527;  N.  V.  Ginori,  1253;  C.  Y.  McAteer,  1129; 
H.  C.  Bancroft,  Jr.,  796;  R.  G.  Chandra,  759;  The  French  Vari- 
able Star  Association,  698;  McCormick  Observatory,  696;  T.  C. 
H.  Bouton,  645;  Ed.  de  Perrot,  612;  G.  Merton,  524;  I.  Yama- 
moto,  495;  S.  L.  Rhorer,  467;  W.  H.  F.  Waterfield,  427;  W.  T. 
Olcott,  423;  A.  Bemporad,  415;  D.  B.  Pickering,  382;  C.  S. 
Mundt,  375;  A.  S.  Young,  350;  Ed.  Janczewski,  334;  J.  E.  G. 
Yalden,  283;  F.  J.  Carr,  254;  A.  W.  Long,  225;  J.  Ellsworth,  215; 
E.  W.  Clement,  187;  C.  E.  Barns,  174;  C.  C.  Godfrey,  160;  B.  H. 


THE  OBSERVATORY 

Dawson,  150;  P.  S.  Watson,  145;  M.  J.  Jordan,  132;  D.  Potter, 
125;  S.  K.  Proctor,  122;  A.  E.  Schwartz,  118;  K.  Reesinck,  118; 
G.  C.  Waldo,  Jr.,  115;  M.  E.  Morris,  105;  T.  S.  Kimball,  102; 
S.  C.  Hunter,  102.  Besides  these,  1784  observations  were  com- 
municated by  forty-eight  observers,  each  of  whom  contributed 
less  than  100. 

The  discussion  of  long  period  variables  has  been  carried  forward 
and  considerable  data  for  maxima  and  minima,  as  well  as  for  light 
curves,  are  available.  Predicted  dates  of  maxima  and  minima 
continue  to  be  made  and  appear  to  satisfy  a  real  need. 

Construction  and  Equipment 

The  plant  and  equipment  have  remained  in  charge  of  Professor 
Gerrish,  who  has  continued  to  act  as  adviser  in  matters  pertaining 
to  engineering,  and  has  also  served  as  business  executive. 

An  electrically  driven  vacuum  apparatus  has  been  installed  in 
connection  with  the  16-inch  Met  calf  Telescope  for  springing  pho- 
tographic plates  to  a  spherical  curvature  while  in  the  telescope. 

Indicating  apparatus  for  the  two-foot  reflector  has  been  de- 
signed and  is  under  construction,  by  which  the  position  of  the 
telescope  may  be  read  from  the  observing  deck  above  the  instru- 
ment. 

A  simple  instrument  known  as  the  Pole  Finder  has  been  devised, 
by  which  the  position  of  the  celestial  Pole  may  be  determined 
directly,  and  with  moderate  accuracy.  The  instrument  is  in  two 
forms:  one  in  which  the  eye  is  used  unaided  by  optical  devices; 
the  other  in  which  a  small  telescope  serves  to  increase  the  accuracy 
of  the  determination. 

A  new  visual  method  has  been  developed  for  adjusting  the  polar 
axis  of  an  equatorial.  A  single  adjustment,  based  upon  two  ob- 
servations of  Polaris,  brings  the  axis  accurately  upon  the  Pole. 
Circumpolar  stars  are  particularly  advantageous  for  this  purpose, 
affording  a  maximum  degree  of  accuracy  in  both  coordinates, 
but,  owing  to  the  difficulty  of  utilizing  visual  observations,  their 
use  hitherto  has  been  confined  almost  entirely  to  photographic 
methods  in  which  a  large  number  of  successive  adjustments  are 
required. 

Miscellaneous 

Phillips  Library.  —  Nine  hundred  and  forty  volumes  and 
pamphlets  have  been  added  to  the  Library  during  the  year,  mak- 
ing the  total  number  at  the  present  date  58,156. 


THE    OBSERVATORY  263 

Telegraphic  Announcements.  —  This  Observatory  has  continued 
to  act  as  the  American  centre  of  the  International  Astronomical 
Union  for  the  distribution  of  astronomical  news,  both  domestic 
and  foreign.  During  the  year  seventeen  telegraphic  announce- 
ments were  made.  Cablegrams  from  any  part  of  North  or  South 
America  should  be  addressed  to  Observatory,  Boston,  and  tele- 
grams, to  Harvard  College  Observatory,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
Twenty-seven  Bulletins  have  been  issued,  making  758  in  all. 
These  Bulletins  in  general  supplement  the  telegraphic  service. 
They  serve  for  the  announcement  of  new  stars,  comets,  variable 
stars,  and  any  other  important  astronomical  news. 

Publications.  —  The  following  Annals  have  been  published  dur- 
ing the  year:  —  81,  No.  5,  Photographic  Determinations  of  the 
Position  of  the  Moon;  83,  No.  5,  Observations  and  Investigations 
made  at  the  Blue  Hill  Meteorological  Observatory  in  the  year  1920; 
and  95,  The  Henry  Draper  Catalogue,  12h,  13h,  and  14h.  96,  15h 
and  16h  of  The  Henry  Draper  Catalogue,  has  been  printed  and  is 
ready  to  send  out,  and  97,  17h  and  18h  of  the  same  Catalogue,  is 
all  in  type.   Five  Circulars  have  been  issued,  as  follows: 

222.  Predicted  Maxima  and  Minima  in  1921  of  Variable  Stars.    December 
15,  1920. 

223.  Observations  of  Saturn's  Rings.    January  3,  1921. 

224.  Stars  Having  Peculiar  Spectra.    16  New  Variable  Stars.    March  23, 
1921. 

225.  Fifty-one  New  Variable  Stars.     May  2,  1921. 

226.  On  the  Relation  of  Spectral  Type  to  Magnitude.   July  30,  1921. 

S.  I.  BAILEY,  Acting  Director. 


THE  BLUE  HILL  OBSERVATORY 

To  the  President  op  the  University:  — 

Sir,  —  The  year  has  been  one  of  steady  and  progressive  work 
at  Blue  Hill  Observatory.  All  routine  observational  work  was  per- 
formed on  schedule  time  and  there  has  been  no  break  in  the 
continuity  of  the  records.  These  data  of  pressure,  temperature, 
humidity,  wind  direction  and  velocity,  sunshine,  cloud  motion 
and  direction,  night  cloudiness,  precipitation,  and  certain  sea- 
sonal phenomena  now  extend  over  36  years  and  I  think  are  with- 
out equal  in  our  country. 

Meteorologically  speaking,  the  year  was  decidedly  abnormal. 
The  month  of  July,  for  example,  was  not  only  the  wettest  July 
but  the  wettest  month  of  any  name  since  observations  began. 
And  there  is  good  ground  for  regarding  it  as  the  wettest  month 
in  a  century.  This  excess  of  rain  is  the  more  noteworthy  since  to 
the  north,  west,  and  south  of  this  section  of  the  Coast,  rainfall 
was  deficient.  The  year  was  remarkable  over  the  Northern  Hemi- 
sphere —  droughts  and  high  temperatures  prevailing  at  some 
places  while  at  others,  records  were  broken  for  rainfall  and  low 
temperatures. 

The  equipment  of  the  Observatory  is  fairly  good  and  all  instru- 
ments are  in  order.  The  building  needs  some  repairs,  and  when 
funds  are  available  certain  alterations  must  be  made.  The  library 
has  now  outgrown  the  space  originally  provided. 

The  staff  is  larger  than  in  previous  years,  the  force  proper  being 
augmented  by  two  research  investigators,  Dr.  George  Porter 
Paine  and  Dr.  Willard  J.  Fisher.  Dr.  Paine  is  working  on  the 
behavior  of  water  vapor  in  the  free  air,  as  is  the  Director,  but  from 
a  different  point  of  attack.  Dr.  Fisher  has  studied  certain  Low 
Sun  Phenomena  and  his  results,  submitted  in  advance  of  publica- 
tion to  the  leading  astronomers  of  the  country,  have  met  with 
commendation.  The  Director  has  continued  his  work  on  abso- 
lute humidity,  cloud  motion,  and  revised  units.  He  has  published 
tables  of  saturation  weights  and  pressures;  also  a  paper  on  " Sym- 
bols in  Science."  He  has  devised  a  suitable  hygrograph  for  use  in 
hospitals;  and  surgeons  may  now  readily  determine  the  true  mois- 
ture content  of  the  air  in  operating  rooms  and  surgical  wards. 

264 


THE   BLUE  HILL  OBSERVATORY  265 

The  financial  condition  of  the  Observatory,  while  somewhat 
improved,  still  remains  unsatisfactory.  The  endowment  has 
always  been  inadequate.  The  Board  of  Visitors  has  long  contem- 
plated a  " drive"  to  bring  the  endowment  to  such  a  sum  that  the 
income  would  meet  necessary  expenses;  but  action  has  been 
deferred  in  order  that  the  larger  and  more  pressing  needs  of  the 
University  might  have  the  right  of  way. 

The  budget  submitted  in  1920  called  for  $9,652.58.  The  actual 
expenses  for  the  year  amounted  to  $9,158.83.  The  expenses  have 
been  kept  to  a  minimum.  The  total  income  for  the  year  was 
$6,262.64  consisting  of  endowment  income  $4,762.64  and  a  gift 
of  $1,500  from  Mrs.  Henry  Parkman,  Jr.  Mr.  Livingston  Davis 
doubled  his  original  contribution  to  the  Harvard  Endowment 
Fund,  restricting  the  additional  sum  for  the  use  of  the  Observa- 
tory.  Mr.  Henry  Parkman,  Jr.  did  likewise. 

A  budget  for  the  coming  year  is  submitted  on  a  separate  sheet. 
There  are  no  increases  in  salaries  and  wages,  nor  in  most  of  the 
operating  expenses. 

ALEXANDER  McADIE,  Director. 


BUDGET  FOR  YEAR  ENDING  JUNE  30,  1922 

Combined  salaries  and  wages  (no  increase) $7,345.00 

Equipment  and  supplies 305.00 

Stationery,  postage,  etc 115.00 

Books 150.00 

Freight  and  express 100.00 

Laundry 30.00 

Binding 100.00 

Sundries 20.00 

Repairs  to  building 250.00 

Caretaking,  operating  expenses 850.00 

University  charges,  insurance 110.00 


$9,375.00 


(About  $277.58  less  than  1921) 


THE  MUSEUM  OF  COMPARATIVE  ZOOLOGY 

To  the  President  of  the  University:  — 

Sir,  —  During  the  Academic  year  1920-21  most  of  the  instruc- 
tion and  the  facilities  for  research  in  Zoology,  Geology,  and  Geog- 
raphy offered  in  Harvard  University  and  in  Radcliffe  College 
were  given  in  the  Lecture  Rooms  and  Laboratories  of  the  Museum. 

In  Zoology  fifteen  courses  or  half -courses  were  taken  by  395 
students  in  Harvard  University  and  eleven  courses  or  half -courses 
were  taken  by  90  students  in  Radcliffe  College. 

In  1919-20  these  courses  and  students  were: 

Harvard:  —  16  courses,  317  students. 

Radcliffe:  —  7  courses,  88  students. 

In  Geology  and  Geography  twenty-three  courses  or  half -courses 
were  taken  by  523  students  in  Harvard  University  and  six  courses 
or  half -courses  were  taken  by  67  students  in  Radcliffe  College. 

In  1919-20  these  courses  and  students  were: 

Harvard:  —  30  courses,  504  students. 

Radcliffe:  —  8  courses,  126  students. 

Through  the  kind  interest  of  Professor  Theodore  Lyman,  Dr. 
G.  M.  Allen  was  enabled  to  work  for  two  weeks  among  the  Uinta 
mountains,  Utah,  where  he  secured  small  series  of  several  desir- 
able mammals  and  birds. 

In  furtherance  of  his  ornithological  studies  and  in  the  interest 
of  the  Museum  collections,  Dr.  John  C.  Phillips  sent  Mr.  James  L. 
Peters  to  Argentina.  Mr.  Peters  completed  a  year's  field-work  in 
June,  1921,  and  his  collections  thus  far  received  comprise  about 
200  skins  and  skulls  of  small  mammals,  1,250  bird  skins,  and  a 
series  of  reptiles  and  amphibians.  Dr.  Phillips  also  cooperated 
with  the  U.  S.  Biological  Survey  in  the  Survey's  field-work  in 
Alberta  and  Saskatchewan,  whereby  the  Museum  has  received 
186  skins  and  skulls  of  mammals  and  483  skins  of  birds. 

Working  in  a  Pleistocene  deposit  near  Palm  Beach,  Florida,  Dr. 
Thomas  Barbour  secured  the  remains  of  many  vertebrates,  the 
more  striking  being  those  of  two  species  of  elephant  and  a  very 
large  chelonian. 

Mr.  E.  R.  Dunn,  owing  to  the  generosity  of  Dr.  Thomas  Bar- 
bour, spent  several  weeks  in  field-work  in  Costa  Rica.  He  secured 
a  large  and  interesting  series  of  reptiles  and  amphibians,  and  several 
specimens  of  two  species  of  Peripatus. 

266 


THE  MUSEUM  OF  COMPARATIVE   ZOOLOGY  267 

During  June  and  July,  Dr.  R.  V.  Chamberlin  resumed  his  field- 
work  in  Utah,  and  secured  a  large  number  of  arachnids  and  myrio- 
pods;  these,  with  those  taken  in  former  years,  make  the  Museum's 
collections  of  Arachnida  and  Myriopoda  from  western  North 
America  the  largest  extant. 

The  exploration  of  the  Gulf  of  Maine  which  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of 
Fisheries  and  the  Museum  have  carried  on  in  cooperation  for  the 
past  ten  years,  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  H.  B.  Bigelow,  was  con- 
tinued, and  during  December,  1920,  January  and  March,  1921, 
the  U.S.  Fisheries  Steamer  Halcyon  cruised  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  Gulf  of  Maine.  With  this  year's  observations,  data  have  been 
obtained  from  cruises  undertaken  during  every  month  of  the  year, 
and  Dr.  Bigelow  is  preparing  a  detailed  summary  of  the  results. 
As  in  previous  years,  Dr.  Bigelow  has  also  had  the  direction  of  the 
scientific  results  obtained  by  the  U.  S.  Coast  Guard  Steamer 
Seneca,  during  the  Ice  patrol  of  the  Grand  Banks. 

Professor  P.  E.  Raymond's  field-work  in  Quebec,  New  York,  and 
Maine,  was  unusually  successful.  Large  and  interesting  collections 
were  made ;  some  of  the  fossils  obtained  were  unequalled  in  quality, 
others  were  from  localities  not  usually  accessible;  an  old  Devonian 
locality  on  the  River  St.  Andre,  Quebec,  was  rediscovered,  and  a 
large  collection  of  corals  secured. 

Dr.  Thomas  Barbour's  generosity  to  the  Museum,  apart  from  his 
unconventional  gifts  to  the  collections  under  his  charge,  has  been 
very  great;  one  of  the  largest  and  most  valuable  of  his  gifts  this 
year  is  the  A.  P.  Morse  collection  of  insects,  a  collection  of  more 
than  50,000  specimens,  with  numerous  types,  chiefly  among  the 
Orthoptera.  To  the  collections  of  mammals  and  birds  Dr.  Bar- 
bour has  given,  as  in  previous  years,  many  species  new  to  the  col- 
lections and  especially  selected  for  their  rarity,  to  complete  series, 
or  to  further  some  special  need;  the  beautiful  series  of  nearly 
1,800  species  of  Japanese  shells  (Hirase  collection),  added  to  two 
earlier  gifts  of  Dr.  Barbour,  gives  the  Museum  a  very  serviceable 
representation  of  the  shells  of  the  Japanese  province. 

A  gift  of  great  scientific  value  has  been  received  from  the  Pea- 
body  Museum  of  Yale  University  through  Professor  Charles 
Schuchert.  It  consists  of  a  series  of  specimens  of  a  trilobite, 
Triarthrus  becki  Green,  showing  appendages ;  these  specimens  are 
a  part  of  the  original  set  prepared  and  studied  by  Professor  C.  E. 
Beecher,  and  are,  according  to  Professor  Schuchert,  in  complete- 
ness and  value  secondary  only  to  the  series  at  Yale. 


268  THE  MUSEUM  OF  COMPARATIVE  ZOOLOGY 

The  Museum  is  greatly  indebted  to  Mr.  Arthur  F.  Gray  for  the 
gift  of  his  collection  of  shells,  an  enormous  series  of  several  million 
specimens,  the  accumulation  of  a  life-time  of  a  close  student  and 
zealous  collector.  Mr.  Gray's  studies  were  associated  with  the 
work  of  many  conchologists,  and  his  collection  contains  a  large 
amount  of  original  material  from  the  collections  of  W.  G.  Binney, 
Thomas  Bland,  and  James  Lewis,  three  distinguished  students  of 
the  land  shells  of  the  United  States  and  the  Antilles. 

The  Museum  is  likewise  indebted  to  Colonel  John  E.  Thayer  for 
a  beautiful  series  of  mammals  from  New  Mexico,  California,  and 
Victoria  Land,  and  for  a  similar  series  of  reptiles  and  amphibians 
from  New  Mexico;  to  Mr.  Charles  P.  Curtis  for  a  collection  of 
mammals  and  birds  from  British  East  Africa;  to  Mr.  T.  E. 
Penard  for  a  number  of  birds  from  Surinam;  to  Professor  H.  W. 
Smith  for  a  large  and  well-preserved  collection  of  reptiles  from 
Sarawak;  to  Professor  J.  B.  Woodworth  for  the  type  of  Dromopus 
woodworthi  Lull;  to  Professor  W.  M.  Wheeler  for  a  collection  of 
Chinese  ants,  including  the  types  of  new  species,  and  for  a  number 
of  interesting  insects  from  British  Guiana;  and  to  Dr.  William 
Barnes  for  several  types  of  Plume-moths,  Pterophoridae. 

Of  other  accessions  the  following  may  be  noted :  — 

From  Dr.  J.  C.  Phillips,  a  fine  head  (mounted)  of  Pere  David's 
Deer;  from  the  Reverend  George  Schwab,  a  considerable  series  of 
bird  skins  and  fresh-water  fishes;  from  the  Raffles  Museum,  bird 
skins  from  Sarawak;  from  Mr.  C.  T.  Ramsden,  a  collection  of 
Cuban  fishes;  from  Stanford  University,  through  Chancellor 
emeritus  D.  S.  Jordan,  a  slab  of  diatom  rock  showing  Xyne  grex 
Jordan  and  Gilbert,  a  Miocene  representative  of  the  Herrings; 
from  Mr.  B.  P.  Clark,  a  number  of  Sphingidae  new  to  the  collec- 
tion; from  Mr.  E.  B.  Williamson,  a  series  of  Odonata;  from  Mr. 
G.  E.  Cabot,  fossil  shells  from  California;  from  the  Bermuda 
Biological  Station,  Dr.  E.  L.  Mark,  Director,  a  large  number  of 
marine  invertebrates;  from  the  U.  S.  National  Museum,  collections 
of  Cynipidae  and  echinoderms ;  and  from  the  Institut  Oceano- 
graphique  (Monaco),  a  collection  of  echinoderms. 

A  holographic  copy,  dated  November  12,  1860,  of  Longfellow's 
well-known  poem  "The  fiftieth  birthday  of  Agassiz,"  has,  through 
the  kindness  of  Mrs.  George  R.  Agassiz,  been  added  to  the  Mu- 
seum's memorabilia. 

The  reports  of  the  Curators  give  the  details  of  the  work  accom- 
plished, and  of  the  conditions  of  the  collections  in  their  charge. 


THE   MUSEUM   OF   COMPARATIVE   ZOOLOGY  269 

In  his  work  upon  the  collections  of  mammals,  Dr.  G.  M.  Allen 
has  recorded  the  accession  of  over  800  specimens,  and  has  added 
some  3,700  entries,  chiefly  fossils,  to  the  card  catalogue.  He  has 
rearranged  much  of  the  osteological  part  of  the  collection,  and 
developed  and  identified  considerable  fossil  material.  The  skeletal 
parts  of  the  Indian  Elephant,  "Molly"  from  the  Franklin  Park 
Zoological  Garden,  the  gift  of  the  City  of  Boston,  to  which  the 
Museum  is  already  under  obligation  for  important  additions  to  its 
collections,  were  prepared  by  Dr.  Allen  and  Mr.  Nelson  with  the 
efficient  aid  of  the  N.  Ward  Company. 

The  accessions  to  the  collections  of  recent  mollusks,  upon  which 
Mr.  W.  F.  Clapp  has  been  engaged  throughout  the  year,  have  been 
many  and  important.  Valuable  collections,  not  already  men- 
tioned, include  an  extensive  series  of  operculate  land  shells  received 
from  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History,  and  smaller  series 
from  Guatemala  and  the  Canal  Zone,  the  gifts  of  Messrs.  A.  Hink- 
ley  and  James  Zetek.  These  collections  and  the  Hirase  shells,  Dr. 
Barbour's  gift,  consist  very  largely  of  species  new  to  the  Museum. 
In  addition  to  his  routine  work  upon  the  collection,  Mr.  Clapp  has 
completed  a  report  upon  the  shells  obtained  by  Dr.  W.  M.  Mann 
among  the  Solomon  Islands. 

Dr.  R.  T.  Jackson's  services  were  engaged  for  a  part  of  the  year, 
during  which  he  reidentified  and  labeled  a  portion  of  the  collection 
of  fossil  Echini. 

The  scope  of  Mr.  George  Nelson's  work,  as  Preparator,  varies 
very  little  from  year  to  year,  but  the  receipt  of  new  material  in  the 
flesh  and  the  call  for  his  services  in  the  preparation  or  development 
of  material,  new  and  old,  to  aid  the  studies  of  the  several  Curators 
or  of  investigators  elsewhere,  not  infrequently  delays  the  comple- 
tion of  specimens  for  exhibition.  Two  of  the  more  noteworthy 
prepared  this  year  are  a  Manatee  obtained  in  1919  at  Sebastian, 
Fla.  by  Mr.  Nelson  himself,  and  an  especially  fine  Sail-fish,  Istio- 
phorus  nigricans  (Lacepede)  taken  off  Long  Key,  Fla.  by  Mr. 
George  R.  Agassiz. 

After  Mr.  Nelson's  masterly  remount  of  the  Audubon  Great  Auk, 
mentioned  in  last  year's  Report,  Dr.  Sanford's  wish  that  the 
"  Nay  lor"  Great  Auk  and  two  Labrador  Ducks  should  be  en- 
trusted for  remounting  to  the  same  competent  hands  was  but 
natural,  and  in  placing  Mr.  Nelson's  time  and  skill  at  his  disposal, 
the  Museum  had  a  genuine  satisfaction,  due  to  the  exceptional 
scientific  value  of  the  birds,  and  to  Dr.  Sanford's  liberality  in  al- 
lowing the  Museum  to  share  in  the  results  of  his  well-directed 


270  THE  MUSEUM  OF  COMPARATIVE  ZOOLOGY 

and  successful  work  for  the  promotion  of  ornithological  explora- 
tion. 

For  the  voluntary  work  of  Miss  Elizabeth  B.  Bryant  and  Mr.  T. 
E.  Penard  the  Museum  is  greatly  indebted. 

The  Library  contains  58,639  volumes,  and  62,145  pamphlets; 
1,225  volumes  and  2,159  pamphlets  have  been  received  during 
the  year. 

The  publications  for  the  year  include  two  numbers  of  the  Me- 
moirs, five  numbers  of  the  Bulletin  and  the  Annual  Report,  a  total 
of  438  (144  quarto,  and  294  octavo)  pages,  illustrated  by  41  (32 
quarto,  and  9  octavo)  plates.  One  number  of  the  Memoirs  con- 
tains the  Report  on  the  Holothurians  collected  during  the  ex- 
peditions of  the  U.  S.  Fisheries  Steamer  Albatross  in  the  Tropical 
and  Eastern  Tropical  Pacific,  during  the  years  1899-1900  and 
1904-05.  This  Memoir  completes  the  reports  on  the  Albatross 
echinoderms.  The  other  Memoir  contains  the  third  part  of  Dr. 
C.  H.  Eigenmann's  account  of  the  American  Characidae.  All  five 
Bulletins  are  based  upon  Museum  collections. 

The  Museum  suffered  a  severe  loss  in  the  death  of  Walter  Faxon, 
which  occurred  at  Lexington,  August  10,  1920.  Associated  with 
the  work  of  the  Museum  for  nearly  fifty  years,  Dr.  Faxon's  cura- 
torial charge  of  the  Crustacea  and  Mollusca  gives  an  all  too  in- 
adequate indication  of  his  services  and  of  the  breadth  and  extent 
of  his  knowledge.  A  chief  authority  on  certain  groups  of  the 
Crustacea,  unexcelled  as  a  field  naturalist,  Dr.  Faxon  was  an 
admirable  type  of  the  scholarly  man  of  science.  He  gained  and 
retained  the  confidence  of  his  associates  to  a  remarkable  degree; 
on  taxonomic  and  nomenclatorial  questions  the  soundness  of  his 
conclusions  and  the  clarity  of  his  explanations  were  most  convinc- 
ing. Dr.  Faxon  bequeathed  his  books  and  pamphlets  on  zoology, 
palaeontology,  and  geology  to  the  Museum.  Only  a  small  part 
of  this  bequest,  399  titles,  has  been  catalogued  and  added  to  the 
Museum's  shelves,  and  though  very  many  of  the  ornithological 
works  have  been  forestalled  by  the  William  Brewster  bequest,  the 
Faxon  duplicates  will,  through  our  system  of  exchanges,  associate 
his  name  with  many  future  accessions.  Dr.  Faxon's  bequest  con- 
tains a  unique  and  probably  unequalled  collection  of  the  writings, 
scientific  and  literary,  of  Alexander  Wilson. 

SAMUEL  HENSHAW,  Director. 


THE  ZOOLOGICAL  LABORATORY 

To  the  President  of  the  University  :  — 

Sir,  —  The  courses  in  Zoology  for  the  year  1920-21  were  given 
by  the  same  instructors  as  in  the  previous  year  with  the  exception 
of  Zoology  1,  which  was  conducted  by  Professor  Brues.  Professor 
Parker  was  away  during  the  second  half-year,  having  been  ap- 
pointed Exchange  Professor  at  one  of  the  groups  of  western  colleges; 
he  was  resident  for  one  month  each  at  the  following  colleges :  Grin- 
nell,  Colorado,  and  Pomona. 

The  number  of  students  who  attended  the  several  courses  is 
given,  as  in  previous  years,  by  schools  and  classes  in  the  form  of 
tables.  Table  I  gives  the  numbers  of  students  in  Harvard  Uni- 
versity, and  Table  II  of  those  in  Radcliffe  College. 

TABLE  I 


Courses 

Graduates 

6 

3 

a 

s 

. 

a 

CO 

3 

O         C 

&     1 

Total 

1920-21 

A.&S. 

Ap.  Sc- 

CO 

£ 

Ph 

P 

Zoology    1 

"      '       3 
4 

56 
7a 
76 
8 

14a 

17 

Sp.2 

"        20a 

"        206 

"        20c 

20e 

"        20a 

3 

3+2 
+1 
4+2 
3 
2 

4 
2 
1 
1 
1 
3 
2 
2 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

3 
3 

9 
2 

2 

32 
11 
5 
3 
2 
2 
30 
3 
2 

1 
1 

5 

0 
9 
3 
2 
1 

8 

6 

1 

9 

2 
1 
1 

4 
0 
0 
4 
1 
1 
8 
3 
1 

4    1 

1 

2     . 

0     1 

7    .. 
4    .. 
2    .. 

1 

199 

52+  2 
23+  i 
16+  * 

9 

7 
58 

12+  e1 

7 
1 
2 
1 
3 
2 
3 

Sums 

31+5 

5 

1 

29 

92 

73 

70 

62 

7    2 

3     2 

395+ii 

1  Not  recorded  by  schools  and  classes.         2  Special  research  under  Dr.  Thomas  Barbour. 

Note.  —  Numbers  in  italics  refer  to  students  attending  the  lectures,  but  not 
enrolled  in  the  course. 

271 


272 


THE  ZOOLOGICAL  LABORATORY 


TABLE  II 


Courses  1920-21 

Gr. 

Sen. 

Jun. 

Soph. 

Fresh. 

Unc. 

Sp. 

Total 

Zoology  1 

2 

3 

4 

56 

7 

"       12 

"       14a 

"       17 

"       20e 

"       20a    

1 

2 

1 

1 

4 
6 

1 
3 
2 
3 
5 
4 
2 
1 

7 

1 
3 

2 

2 

9 
2 
4 
1 
1 
2 

7 

6 
1 
3 
1 
1 

1 

35 
11 

9 

6 

6 

6 

3 
7+01 

4 

2 

1 

Sums 

5 

31 

15 

19 

7 

12 

1 

90+2 

1  Not  recorded  by  classes. 

The  assistants  in  the  courses  were:  Zoology  1,  Harvard:  chief  - 
assistants,  Messrs.  W.  H.  Cole  and  A.  S.  Gilson,  Jr.,  sub-assistants, 
Messrs.  E.  S.  Anderson,  R.  Bennitt  and  R.  F.  Hussey;  Radcliffe: 
assistants,  Messrs.  E.  R.  Dunn  and  R.  F.  Hussey.  Zoology  3, 
Harvard:  chief-assistant,  Mr.  R.  Bennitt,  sub-assistant,  Mr.  A.  E. 
Longley;  Radcliffe:  assistant,  Mr.  E.  R.  Dunn.  Zoology  4,  Har- 
vard: assistant,  Mr.  L.  C.  Wyman;  Radcliffe:  assistant,  Mr.  F. 
B.  Manning.  Zoology  56,  Harvard  and  Radcliffe:  assistant,  Mr. 
L.  C.  Wyman.  Zoology  12,  Radcliffe:  Assistant,  Mr.  L.  C.  Wyman. 

All  courses  except  7a  and  7b  —  given  at  the  Bussey  Institu- 
tion —  were  given  in  Cambridge.  Three  Harvard  students  took 
Zoology  14a  as  a  thesis  course,  nine  as  a  laboratory  course;  and 
of  the  Radcliffe  students  five  took  it  as  a  thesis  course,  two  as  a 
laboratory  course. 

The  Extension  Course  in  Elementary  Zoology  was  given  by  Pro- 
fessor Parker  in  the  first  half-year  to  fifteen  students,  eight  of 
whom  took  the  examination.  Mr.  A.  S.  Gilson,  Jr.  was  the  assis- 
tant in  the  course. 

During  the  first  half-year  Dr.  Ann  Morgan  of  Mt.  Holyoke 
College,  a  guest  of  the  laboratory,  worked  under  the  direction  of 
Professor  Parker  on  the  senses  of  the  frog's  skin.  Other  research 
work  carried  on  in  the  department  was  counted  as  equivalent 
to  courses  as  follows:  In  Harvard,  Zoology  20a  and  206,  under 
Professor  Mark,  one  and  one-half  courses;  Zoology  20c,  under  Pro- 


THE  ZOOLOGICAL  LABORATORY  273 

fessor  Parker,  three  courses;  Zoology  20e  and  20g,  under  Associate 
Professor  Rand,  five  and  one -half  courses;  under  Dr.  Thomas 
Barbour,  two  and  one-half  courses;  in  Radcliffe  College,  Zoology 
20e  and  200  under  Associate  Professor  Rand,  one  and  one-half 
courses. 

The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy  was  conferred  in  February, 
1921,  on  Samuel  Wood  Chase,  the  subject  of  whose  thesis  was  given 
in  the  report  for  1919-20,  and  in  June,  1921,  on  Herbert  Greenleaf 
Coar,  whose  thesis  was  on  "The  Shell  of  Balanus  eburneus:  A 
Contribution  to  the  Study  of  the  Operculate  Cirripedia.,, 

The  Bermuda  Biological  Station  was  open  from  the  eighth  of 
July  till  the  fifteenth  of  August.  Including  the  Director,  there 
were  in  attendance  the  whole  or  a  part  of  the  time  seven  investi- 
gators, five  of  whom  were,  or  had  been,  students  in  Harvard 
University  or  Radcliffe  College. 

The  Harvard  Table  at  the  Marine  Biological  Laboratory,  Woods 
Hole,  was  shared  by  two  graduate  students,  that  of  Radcliffe  Col- 
lege was  occupied  by  one  graduate  student. 

Financial  assistance  to  the  amount  of  $270.00  was  given  from 
the  Humboldt  Fund  to  Harvard  research  students  at  the  Bermuda 
Station  and  the  Woods  Hole  Laboratory,  but  the  payments  fall 
within  the  fiscal  year  1921-22. 

The  Zoological  Club  held  twenty-three  meetings  during  the  year, 
at  which  twenty-two  original  papers  and  seven  reviews  were  pre- 
sented. The  average  attendance  was  nineteen.  Mr.  S.  W.  Chase 
was  the  secretary. 

During  the  year  twenty-three  papers  by  officers  and  students  of 
the  Department  have  been  published,  including  those  published 
as  Contributions  from  the  Zoological  Laboratory  and  as  Contribu- 
tions from  the  Bermuda  Biological  Station,  but  not  including 
those  in  Applied  Zoology.  The  titles  are  printed  in  the  current 
Report  of  the  Director  of  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology. 

EDWARD  L.  MARK,  Director. 


THE  PEABODY  MUSEUM  OF  AMERICAN 
ARCHAEOLOGY  AND  ETHNOLOGY 

To  the  President  of  the  University  :  — 

Sir, —  It  is  with  profound  regret  that  I  record  the  death  of  one 
of  the  chief  benefactors  of  the  Museum  —  Mr.  Charles  Pickering 
Bowditch  of  the  class  of  '63,  who  died  June  1st.  The  active  in- 
terest of  Mr.  Bowditch  in  the  Museum  dates  from  the  winter  of 
1887-88,  when  he  visited  the  ruins  of  southern  Mexico,  and  ob- 
tained a  collection  which  formed  the  nucleus  for  many  other 
similar  gifts.  In  1889-90  he  was  appointed  by  the  Corporation 
a  member  of  the  first  Committee  to  visit  the  Peabody  Museum. 

In  1894-95,  Mr.  Bowditch  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  in  the 
Board  of  Trustees  caused  by  the  resignation  of  Mr.  E.  G.  Willson. 
In  1897,  when  the  Museum  passed  from  the  control  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  established  by  its  founder  to  that  of  the  University 
Corporation,  he  became  one  of  the  members  of  its  Faculty,  a 
position  held  until  his  death. 

In  1891  he  took  an  active  part  in  organizing  the  first  Honduras 
Expedition.  Since  that  time,  for  a  period  of  more  than  thirty 
years,  he  missed  no  opportunity  to  stimulate  interest  in  the  study 
of  the  civilizations  of  Middle  America,  especially  that  of  the  Maya 
people,  and  he  contributed  generously  toward  the  Museum  ex- 
peditions to  that  region.  The  exhibits  in  the  Middle  American 
Hall  are  largely  the  result  of  his  interest  and  generosity.  He  also 
established  the  Museum  Memoirs,  a  series  of  quarto  publications 
upon  Mayan  subjects.  Mr.  Bowditch  was  one  of  the  foremost 
Maya  scholars,  and  his  contributions  to  the  literature  of  the  sub- 
ject are  many. 

The  Expedition  to  Middle  America  for  the  present  year  was 
under  the  immediate  charge  of  Dr.  H.  J.  Spinden,  Associate  in 
Anthropology.  He  was  accompanied  by  Julien  Lathrop,  Harvard 
1918,  and  Lieutenant  R.  W.  Sheets.  They  visited  most  of  the 
lesser  known  ruins  of  northern  Yucatan,  especially  those  south  of 
Uxmal,  and  extended  their  exploration  into  a  field  hitherto  un- 
known to  archaeologists.  Using  Xkanha  as  a  base,  excursions 
were  made  in  various  directions.  The  most  extensive  trip  was 
one  to  the  south  touching  Aguada  Carolina,  and  arriving  within 

274 


THE  PEABODY  MUSEUM  275 

four  leagues  of  the  Rio  Beque.  This  exploration  made  contact 
with  the  region  previously  investigated  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Museum  by  Dr.  Merwin  and  Mr.  Hay  in  1914.  The  expedition 
was  planned  as  a  preliminary  entrance  into  a  large  unexplored 
area,  in  which  it  is  hoped  remains  will  be  found  belonging  to  the 
middle  period  of  Maya  history.  Innumerable  ruins  were  encoun- 
tered, most  of  which  were  in  complete  decay.  In  ten  or  twelve 
sites,  however,  walls  with  decorations  were  found  sufficiently 
intact  to  render  possible  a  scientific  classification. 

Mr.  S.  J.  Guernsey  continued  the  explorations  of  the  Museum 
in  the  Marsh  Pass  region  of  northeastern  Arizona,  for  the  purpose 
of  obtaining  additional  material  and  data  relating  to  the  early 
cultures  of  the  Southwest.  Efforts  along  these  lines  were  particu- 
larly successful.  Remains  were  discovered  that  seem  to  mark  an 
intermediate  stage  of  development  between  the  Basket-makers,  the 
earliest  occupants  of  this  region  of  whom  we  have  knowledge,  and 
the  Cliff-dwellers.  These  relics  occurred  both  in  caves  and  in  sites 
in  the  open;  in  the  former,  material  hitherto  unrepresented  in 
any  museum  collection  was  found,  while  from  the  latter,  skeletal 
remains,  accompanied  by  a  new  and  apparently  very  early  type 
of  pottery,  were  obtained. 

Dr.  Charles  Peabody,  Curator  of  European  Archaeology,  passed 
a  considerable  portion  of  the  year  abroad.  He  carried  on  explora- 
tions in  several  localities  in  France  and  Belgium,  either  alone  or 
in  connection  with  Dr.  Henri  Martin  and  others,  and  secured  for 
the  Museum  much  new  material.  He  also  obtained  by  way  of 
gifts  and  exchange  a  collection  of  some  two  thousand  archaeo- 
logical specimens  from  Morocco,  Algeria,  and  other  sections  of 
northwestern  Africa. 

Mr.  William  J.  La  Varre,  who  has  travelled  extensively  among 
the  tribes  of  northern  South  America,  was  commissioned  to  secure 
such  objects  as  could  be  obtained  from  the  Accawai  Indians  of 
western  British  Guiana  during  his  exploration  in  their  territory, 
and  a  small  but  valuable  collection  has  been  received. 

In  May  Dr.  C.  F.  Newcombe  visited  the  Kwakiutl  Indians  of 
British  Columbia,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Museum,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  locating  the  few  remaining  house-posts  or  other  large  carv- 
ings of  these  Indians.  He  secured  two  unusually  fine  examples  of 
the  former  from  Kalukwis  Village  on  Tournour  Island.  These 
posts  are  about  sixteen  feet  high,  and  are  nearly  four  feet  in  diame- 
ter. Each  post  is  carved  with  figures  representing  the  speaker  of 
the  chief,  and  the  ancestral  grizzly  bear  who  was  friendly  to  the 


276  THE   PEABODY  MUSEUM 

founder  of  the  family  and  who  aided  him  in  many  ways,  giving 
him  rights  to  certain  dances,  and  teaching  him  how  to  use  certain 
masks.  These  remarkable  carvings  have  been  received,  and  are 
now  on  exhibition. 

In  June,  Mr.  Paul  F.  Scott,  a  graduate  student  in  the  Division 
of  Anthropology,  explored  for  the  Museum  a  prehistoric  village 
site  at  Ulster,  Pennsylvania. 

Two  large  shipments  of  ethnological  material  have  been  received 
from  Mr.  George  Schwab,  a  Museum  Associate  in  Anthropology, 
who  is  at  present  doing  missionary  work  among  the  Bene  people 
of  southern  Cameroon.  Mr.  Schwab,  a  former  post-graduate 
student  in  the  Division  of  Anthropology,  has  unusual  opportuni- 
ties for  research  among  this  people.  It  is  hoped  that  the  results 
of  his  investigations  will  appear  in  the  publications  of  the  Museum. 

Assistant  Professor  Hooton,  Curator  of  Somatology,  has  pre- 
pared an  exhibit  of  casts  and  osteological  specimens  illustrating 
certain  successive  stages  in  the  evolution  of  man.  He  has  been 
engaged  also  in  the  preparation  of  reports  upon  the  skeletal  re- 
mains from  the  Pecos  ruins  of  New  Mexico,  and  from  the  Turner 
group  of  earthworks,  Hamilton  County,  Ohio. 

The  Museum  has  received  gifts  of  specimens  from  twenty -three 
individuals  during  the  year.  The  largest  of  the  collections  is  from 
the  Reverend  E.  Carroll  Condict,  who  has  been  for  some  years 
stationed  as  a  missionary  near  Thayetmayo,  Burma.  These  ob- 
jects were  obtained  principally  from  the  southern  Chins,  but  a 
number  of  articles  were  collected  from  the  Burmese.  This  is  a 
most  welcome  addition  to  the  material  illustrating  the  customs 
of  the  tribes  of  southern  Asia. 

There  has  been  received  as  a  gift  from  Captain  J.  E.  Philipps, 
Commissioner  for  the  District  of  Kigezi,  Kabale,  Africa,  a  num- 
ber of  very  rare  ethnological  objects  from  his  district. 

Dr.  Thomas  Barbour  has  added  numerous  specimens  to  the 
collection  previously  obtained  by  him  from  the  Seminole  Indians 
of  Florida,  including  a  large  dugout  canoe  procured  during  his 
recent  visit  to  these  Indians  near  Lake  Okeechobee. 

Professor  W.  H.  Pickering  has  given  two  very  rare  pictograph 
records  from  Bolivia,  each  drawn  upon  the  inner  side  of  a  prepared 
goat  skin,  probably  by  an  Aymara  Indian.  These  were  obtained 
by  Professor  Pickering  about  thirty  years  ago,  and  are  of  special 
interest. 

The  Museum  is  fortunate  in  receiving  in  exchange  with  the  Otago 
University  Museum,  Dunedin,  New  Zealand,  two  large  Maori 


THE   PEABODY  MUSEUM  277 

house-slabs,  showing  ancestral  figures,  finely  carved.  These  are 
the  work  of  the  Ngateporu  wood  carvers  about  fifty  years  ago,  and 
are  among  the  very  last  productions  of  these  remarkable  craftsmen. 

A  Kwakiutl  Indian  house-group  has  been  added  to  the  series 
illustrating  the  habitations  and  home  life  of  the  American  Indians. 
The  Museum  now  has  fifteen  of  these  instructive  groups,  fourteen 
of  which  relate  to  North  American  tribes.  Mr.  Augustus  Hemen- 
way  has  very  kindly  given  the  cases  for  several  of  these  groups, 
including  the  one  recently  completed. 

The  following  Museum  Papers  have  been  published  during  the 
year:  Vol.  VI,  No.  2,  A  Possible  Solution  of  the  Number  Series 
on  Pages  51  to  58  of  the  Dresden  Codex,  by  Carl  E.  Guthe;  Vol. 
VIII,  No.  2,  Basket-maker  Caves  of  Northeastern  Arizona,  by  S. 
J.  Guernsey  and  A.  V.  Kidder;  Vol.  IX,  A  Maya  Grammar,  by 
Alfred  M.  Tozzer.  Volume  III  of  the  Harvard  African  Studies, 
of  which  Assistant  Professor  Hooton  is  the  Editor,  is  expected  from 
the  press  soon.  A  report  on  the  exploration  by  the  Museum  of 
the  Sacred  Cenote  at  Chichen  Itza,  Yucatan,  is  in  the  course  of 
preparation  by  Professor  Tozzer  and  Dr.  Spinden.  This  will  be 
issued  as  a  part  of  the  Museum  Memoirs.  The  report  on  the  ex- 
ploration of  the  Turner  group  of  earthworks  in  Ohio  is  nearly 
ready  for  the  press.  In  addition  to  her  other  duties,  Miss  Gleason 
has  prepared  many  pen-and-ink  illustrations  for  the  two  last 
mentioned  reports. 

Under  the  supervision  of  Professor  Dixon,  the  Museum  Library 
takes  high  rank  among  the  anthropological  libraries  of  the  coun- 
try. The  files  of  current  anthropological  literature  are  especially 
complete,  and  the  careful  indexing  of  articles  renders  them  of 
unusual  value  to  students.  This  work  has  been  efficiently  carried 
forward  by  Miss  Ashenden,  the  Assistant  Librarian.  The  Library 
now  consists  of  16,166  books  and  pamphlets.  There  have  been 
received  during  the  year  330  volumes  and  62  pamphlets.  Of  these, 
137  volumes  are  the  gift  of  Dr.  L.  C.  Jones.  Mr.  J.  B.  Stetson,  Jr., 
has  given  a  set  of  rare  Russki  Antropologicheskii  Zhurnal.  He 
has  also  contributed  liberally  for  the  purchase  of  books. 

The  large  hall  devoted  to  North  American  Ethnology  which 
occupies  the  first  floor  of  the  new  section,  although  but  partially 
supplied  with  exhibition  cases,  was  opened  to  the  public  in  Sep- 
tember. Eight  cases  have  been  built  for  this  room,  and  in  the  four 
recently  added  has  been  arranged  a  portion  of  the  ethnological 
material  from  northwestern  United  States  presented  by  Mr. 
Lewis  H.  Farlow.    Five  alcove  cases  and  two  large  wall  cases  are 


278  THE  PEABODY  MUSEUM 

needed  for  this  hall  before  final  arrangement  of  the  collections  can 
be  made. 

It  is  hoped  with  the  substantial  reduction  of  one-half  or  more 
in  the  price  of  plate  glass,  which  has  taken  place  within  the  last 
year,  that  the  Museum  will  be  able,  with  the  aid  of  its  friends,  to 
continue  the  casing  of  its  new  halls.  It  is  of  the  utmost  importance 
that  this  should  be  done,  for  a  considerable  portion  of  the  collec- 
tions are  unavailable  for  study  until  suitable  cases  are  provided. 
Nearly  all  of  the  material  from  Africa  and  Asia,  and  a  large  part 
of  that  from  the  Pacific  Islands,  is  still  in  storage. 

CHARLES  C.  WILLOUGHBY,  Director. 


THE  SEMITIC  MUSEUM 

To  the  President  of  the  University  :  — 

Sir,  —  It  is  with  great  regret  that  I  report  the  death  of  Jacob 
Henry  Schiff,  Founder  and  chief  Benefactor  of  the  Semitic  Mu- 
seum, which  occurred  in  New  York  on  September  25,  1920. 

For  twenty-five  years  (1889-1914)  Mr.  Schiff  was  a  member  of 
the  Committee  appointed  by  the  Overseers  to  visit  the  Semitic 
Department,  and  for  twenty-one  years  (1893-1914)  he  was  its 
Chairman.  His  first  gift  to  the  Department  was  one  of  ten  thou- 
sand dollars  (1890)  for  the  purchase  of  materials  illustrating  the 
instruction  given  in  the  Department.  This  was  followed  by  a 
series  of  gifts  extending  over  many  years.  One  of  these  was  for 
the  creation  of  a  departmental  Library.  Then  came  the  Semitic 
building,  providing  lecture  rooms  and  a  permanent  home  for  the 
Library  and  the  collections;  a  considerable  addition  to  the  endow- 
ment of  instruction  in  Semitic;  the  whole  expense  of  the  explora- 
tion of  Samaria  (1908-10) ;  and  repeated  gifts  toward  the  Museum 
collections  and  the  Library.  The  total  amounts  to  more  than  a 
quarter  of  a  million  dollars.  In  addition  to  these  material  bene- 
factions Mr.  Schiff  gave  freely  of  his  time  and  his  thought.  It  has 
been  the  practice  of  the  Committee  to  hold  meetings  once  or  twice 
a  year,  in  Cambridge  or  Boston,  and  Mr.  Schiff  was  never  absent 
except  when  he  was  abroad. 

When  he  resigned  from  the  Committee  in  1914  a  minute  was 
drawn  up,  bearing  the  signatures  of  his  colleagues  and  of  the  de- 
partmental instructors,  in  testimony  of  their  gratitude  for  his 
services  and  their  appreciation  of  his  character.  As  an  earlier 
token  of  appreciation  his  colleagues  on  the  Committee,  Messrs. 
Stephen  Salisbury,  Isidor  Straus,  and  George  Wigglesworth,  in 
1904  presented  to  the  Museum  an  oil  painting  of  Mr.  Schiff  made 
by  Louis  Loeb  in  1903-04.  With  characteristic  modesty,  Mr. 
Schiff  for  a  while  refused  to  sit  for  this  picture,  and  consented  to 
do  so  only  on  condition  that  it  should  not  be  publicly  exhibited 
during  his  lifetime. 

In  his  will  Mr.  Schiff  bequeathed  twenty-five  thousand  dollars 
to  the  Museum,  the  income  of  which  is  to  be  used  for  making 
additions  to  the  collections.    Another  gift  to  the  Museum  amount- 

279 


280  THE  SEMITIC  MUSEUM 

ing  to  five  thousand  dollars  has  come  from  the  estate  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Jacob  H.  Hecht,  two  of  Mr.  SchifFs  Boston  friends.  At  the 
time  of  Mr.  Hecht's  death  in  February,  1903,  it  was  announced 
that  he  had  named  this  sum  for  the  Museum  in  his  will,  to  be 
paid  in  after  the  death  of  Mrs.  Hecht,  which  occurred  on  Sep- 
tember 5,  1920. 

These  gifts  of  thirty  thousand  dollars  by  Mr.  SchifT  and  his 
friends  raise  the  question  whether  the  time  may  not  have  come  to 
try  to  increase  the  endowment,  to  the  extent  at  least  of  making 
the  Museum  self-supporting.  Hitherto  the  cost  of  maintenance 
has  fallen  on  the  University.  At  their  annual  meeting  the  Visiting 
Committee  of  1920-21  considered  plans  for  entering  on  a  quiet 
campaign  in  behalf  of  an  endowment,  but  the  time  was  thought 
to  be  not  opportune  for  the  undertaking,  because  the  Alumni 
had  been  so  recently  engaged  in  raising  large  sums  of  money  for 
the  University.  It  is  believed  that  the  Museum  would  appeal  to 
classes  of  persons  essentially  different  from  the  contributors  in 
the  recent  drive,  and  that  therefore  the  kind  of  campaign  which 
the  Committee  have  in  mind  might  now  be  undertaken  without 
risk  to  the  larger  interests  of  the  University. 

An  endowment  is  needed  to  furnish  the  means  for  making  addi- 
tions to  the  collections  and  the  Library  and  for  providing  special 
exhibits  and  lectures  to  explain  the  significance  of  the  Museum 
and  its  contents.  The  ignorance  regarding  things  Semitic  is  great, 
even  in  our  own  favored  community.  The  number  of  persons  who 
understand  the  scope  of  the  word  Semitic  is  small,  and  still  fewer 
are  those  who  understand  what  the  Semites  have  contributed  to 
civilization.  Though  many  teachers  and  schools  in  this  vicinity, 
and  especially  classes  in  history,  art,  and  the  Bible,  make  use  of 
our  collections,  this  use  might  be  greatly  extended,  with  profit  to 
all  concerned. 

At  the  Commencement  of  1901,  while  our  building  was  in  process 
of  erection,  President  Eliot,  in  conferring  on  me  an  honorary  de- 
gree, spoke  of  me  as  one  who  had  conceived  the  Semitic  Museum 
and  was  seeing  his  vision  fulfilled.  The  creation  of  an  endowment 
for  the  Museum,  which  would  attain  the  objects  named  in  the 
preceding  paragraph,  bring  relief  to  the  Treasury  of  the  University, 
and  provide  the  means  for  exploration  and  publication,  is  another 
vision  which  I  have  long  hoped  to  see  fulfilled. 

DAVID  G.  LYON,  Curator. 


THE  FOGG  ART  MUSEUM 

To  the  President  of  the  University  :  — 

Sir,  —  I  have  the  honor  to  present  the  following  report  on  the 
Fogg  Art  Museum  for  the  year  1920-21. 

The  year  has  been  one  of  notable  interest  and  activity.  Acces- 
sions of  unusual  importance  both  by  gift  and  by  purchase  have 
been  made;  interesting  series  of  lectures  have  been  given,  and 
exhibitions  held.  The  use  of  the  Museum,  not  only  by  the  students, 
but  by  the  public,  as  shown  in  the  attendance  at  lectures  and  ex- 
hibitions, has  been  most  gratifying. 

Department  of  Painting 

Among  the  accessions  of  first  importance  is  a  fine  painting  of 
St.  Dominic  attributed  to  Guido  da  Siena  (active  1221),  perhaps 
the  first  significant  name  in  the  history  of  Italian  painting.  This 
painting  was  purchased  from  the  income  of  the  Hervey  E.  Wetzel 
bequest,  and  in  addition  to  its  decorative  beauty  is  a  valuable 
acquisition  for  the  Museum  collection  of  Sienese  paintings.  Most 
of  the  notable  masters  of  this  school  are  now  well  represented  in 
the  Museum. 

The  department  of  painting  has  been  further  enriched  by  gifts. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bernard  Berenson  presented  to  the  Museum  two 
fifteenth  century  Italian  pictures :  one,  a  Nativity  by  the  Floren- 
tine, Bicci  di  Lorenzo,  and  one,  a  representation  of  St.  Jerome  by 
the  Venetian  painter,  Vittorio  Crivelli.  A  fine  painting  represent- 
ing St.  Catherine  of  Siena,  by  the  fifteenth  century  Sienese  master, 
Giovanni  di  Paolo,  was  given  to  the  Museum  by  Sir  Joseph 
Duveen. 

Of  great  interest  and  value  to  students  are  two  copies  by  the 
Russian  artist,  Nicolas  Lokhoff:  one,  of  the  Concert  in  the  Pitti 
Gallery,  attributed  to  Giorgione,  a  gift  to  the  Museum  from  Dr. 
Denman  W.  Ross,  Class  of  1875;  and  the  other,  a  copy  of  a  portion 
of  the  fresco  painted  in  1459  by  the  Florentine,  Benozzo  Gozzoli, 
in  the  Medici  palace  (Riccardi  Palace),  Florence,  this  latter  a  gift 
of  the  Society  of  Friends  of  the  Fogg  Art  Museum.  Mr.  Lokhoff 
has  a  profound  knowledge  of  technical  processes  and  his  copies 
are  remarkable  in  their  likeness  to  the  originals.  The  fresco  is  of 
particular  significance  for  students,  as  it  is  only  through  copies 

281 


282  THE  FOGG  ART  MUSEUM 

that  this  method  of  painting  as  practised  in  fifteenth  century- 
Italy  can  be  studied  in  this  country. 

Print  Department 

This  department  has  acquired  a  few  rare  and  valuable  prints 
and  drawings.  Conspicuous  among  these  is  a  fine  impression  of 
Mantegna's  Seated  Virgin,  and  one  of  the  Entombment,  a  work  of 
the  Mantegna  school;  also  two  very  rare  so-called  " paste  prints,' ' 
all  purchased  from  the  Gray  Fund.  Professor  Paul  J.  Sachs  gave 
to  the  Museum  another  of  these  "  paste  prints,"  and  nearly  one 
thousand  woodcuts  which  had  been  used  as  illustrations  in  books 
printed  from  the  fifteenth  to  the  seventeenth  century.  Two  large 
cartoons  by  Guido  Reni  were  given  by  Dr.  Denman  W.  Ross. 

Sculpture 

A  fine  Head  of  a  King,  or  Emperor,  a  work  of  the  French  Roman- 
esque school,  probably  the  School  of  Poitou,  has  been  purchased 
from  the  income  of  the  Hervey  E.  Wetzel  bequest.  The  head 
dates  from  the  twelfth  century  and  is  of  rare  beauty  and  im- 
pressiveness.  This  is  the  first  permanent  acquisition  made  by  the 
Museum  in  the  field  of  Mediaeval  Sculpture.  It  is  hoped  that  it 
may  be  followed  by  a  further  development  in  this  very  important 
department. 

Oriental  Department 

Through  the  generosity  of  the  Society  of  Friends  of  the  Fogg 
Art  Museum  an  extremely  fine  Japanese  painting  of  the  Tosa 
school  of  the  end  of  the  fifteenth  century  has  been  acquired  for 
the  Oriental  department. 

Other  acquisitions  in  this  department  have  been  a  Korean  still- 
life  painting;  a  seventeenth  century  Japanese  screen  of  the  School 
of  Matahei ;  a  piece  of  Persian  pottery  dating  from  the  thirteenth 
century;  and  three  Indian  miniatures,  the  gift  of  Dr.  Denman  W. 
Ross. 

Modern  Painting 

Two  water  colors  by  Sargent  and  one  by  Winslow  Homer  have 
been  purchased  from  the  Bettens  Fund. 

It  is  impossible  to  speak  in  detail  in  this  space  of  all  the  inter- 
esting and  significant  works  of  art  acquired  during  the  year  by 
the  Museum.  A  complete  list  of  gifts  and  loans  with  names  of 
donors  and  lenders  together  with  a  list  of  loans  by  the  Museum 
will  be  found  at  the  end  of  this  report. 


THE  FOGG  ART  MUSEUM  283 

Exhibitions 

Of  exceptional  interest  and  beauty  was  an  exhibition  of  a  col- 
lection of  Illuminated  Manuscripts  lent  by  John  Pierpont  Morgan, 
Class  of  1889.  Twenty-seven  illuminated  books  and  leaves  were 
shown  in  the  Print  Room,  March  15-April  14.  Several  of  these 
manuscripts  had  been  lent  before.  Among  the  manuscripts  lent 
for  the  first  time  were  a  fine  Spanish  "Beatus,"  dating  from  the 
ninth  century;  the  well-known  "  Huntingfield  Psalter,"  English 
twelfth  century;  the  so-called  " Golden  Gospels"  of  Henry  VIII; 
and  a  beautiful  Italian  Martyrology  of  the  twelfth  century.  This 
unusual  opportunity  to  see  and  study  the  art  of  illumination  in 
some  of  its  finest  examples  aroused  wide-spread  interest.  The 
attendance  during  the  four  weeks  of  the  exhibition  was  5,430. 

Other  exhibitions  were:  Pencil  Drawings  by  Kenneth  J.  Conant, 
Class  of  1915,  drawings  made  chiefly  in  Spain  by  Mr.  Conant 
while  holder  of  the  Sachs  Research  Fellowship;  Prints  by  Degas, 
Forain,  and  Pissarro,  lent  by  Charles  B.  Eddy.  French  Drawings 
and  Prints;  Rembrandt  Etchings ;  Early  German  Engravings;  and 
Etchings  by  Meryon,  Seymour  Haden,  Whistler,  and  Zorn  have 
also  been  shown  in  the  Print  Room.  For  this  latter  exhibition 
twenty-seven  prints  were  lent  by  Horatio  G.  Curtis,  Class  of  1865. 

Books,  Photographs,  and  Slides 

One  hundred  and  fifty-eight  volumes  were  added  to  the  Museum 
Library  by  gift  and  by  purchase.  The  Boston  Museum  of  Fine 
Arts  and  the  Boston  Public  Library  have  lent  books  and  photo- 
graphs to  the  Fogg  Museum  from  time  to  time. 

Among  the  additions  to  the  collections  of  photographs  and 
slides  have  been  about  one  thousand  three  hundred  photographs 
of  Spanish  primitive  paintings,  and  one  hundred  and  seventy- 
eight  slides  of  illuminated  manuscripts,  which  help  to  strengthen 
the  collection  in  what  were  previously  weak  points.  Two  thousand 
seven  hundred  and  fifty-two  photographs  and  three  hundred  and 
fifty-eight  slides  have  been  catalogued.  Slides  have  been  issued 
to  instructors  two  hundred  and  ninety-two  times.  The  public 
school  lending  set  of  Greek  slides  has  been  sent  to  fifteen  schools, 
the  Roman  slides  to  eighteen,  and  the  English  slides  to  thirteen 
schools. 

The  department  is  planning  to  cooperate  with  the  Museum  of 
Princeton  University  in  an  iconographical  index  on  which  the 
Princeton  Museum  is  now  working. 


284  the  fogg  art  museum 

Staff 

The  Director  was  absent  from  the  Museum  for  four  months, 
February  through  May,  owing  to  his  appointment  as  Exchange 
Professor  to  Carleton,  Knox,  and  Beloit  Colleges. 

Miss  Averyl  A.  Dickinson  resigned  from  the  staff,  her  resigna- 
tion taking  effect  on  April  6.  Mrs.  Richard  W.  Hall  assisted  in 
the  photograph  department  from  June  6,  and  Miss  Rosalind  G. 
Parker  from  July  25. 

Gifts 

Anonymous :  Persian  miniature,  seventeenth  (?)  century. 

Anonymous  gift  through  Mrs.  R.  M.  Appleton:  Chinese  wooden  Buddha. 

Bernard  Berenson,  Class  of  1887,  and  Mrs.  Berenson:  Painting  by  Crivelli 
(St.  Jerome);   Painting  by  Bicci  di  Lorenzo  (Nativity). 

Miss  Ellen  Bullard:  Pencil  drawing  (Mother  and  Child);  Pencil  drawing 
by  Turner  (Mountainous  Landscape);  one  pencil  drawing;  two  Jap- 
anese prints;  three  Indian  drawings. 

Kenneth  John  Conant:  Two  drawings  of  Avila;  one  drawing  of  Notre 
Dame,  Paris. 

G.  J.  Demotte:  Two  lions'  heads;  one  plaster  head. 

R.  Langton  Douglas:  Painting  by  Pacchiarotto  (Madonna  and  Child). 

Sir  Joseph  Duveen:  Painting  by  Giovanni  di  Paolo  (St.  Catherine). 

Dr.  William  Herman:  Late  Byzantine  painting;  two  wings  of  a  triptych. 

Charles  Loeser,  Class  of  1886:  Two  paintings,  early  Italian  school. 

Mrs.  T.  O.  Richardson:  Byzantine  painting;  fifteenth  century  Italian 
triptych  (Madonna  and  Child);  fifteenth  century  Italian  triptych 
(St.  Catherine  and  two  Saints). 

Dr.  Denman  W.  Ross:  Copy  of  Giorgione's  Concert  by  Nicolas  LokhofF; 
Korean  still-life  painting;  three  Indian  miniatures;  two  drawings  by 
Guido  Reni;  piece  of  Persian  pottery;  two  scribblings  by  Giovanni 
Battista  Tiepolo;  six  paintings  of  the  eighteenth  century  Italian 
school;  Japanese  screen  of  the  School  of  Matahei,  seventeenth 
century. 

Professor  Paul  J.  Sachs,  Class  of  1900:  Fragment  of  Kufic  manuscript; 
drawing,  School  of  Raphael;  copperplate  engraved  by  Israhel  van 
Meckenem. 

Mrs.  Henry  Simonds:  Four  drawings  by  William  Rimmer. 

Society  of  Friends  of  the  Fogg  Art  Museum:  Copy  of  portion  of  Benozzo 
Gozzoli's  fresco  in  the  Riccardi  Palace;  Japanese  painting  of  the 
Tosa  school,  late  fifteenth  century. 

Miss  Leila  Usher:  Bronze  medal  of  Francis  James  Child  by  Leila  Usher. 

Yamanaka  and  Company :  Rubbing  from  monument  to  Mr.  Fenollosa. 

The  following  prints  have  been  received  as  gifts : 

Miss  Ellen  Bullard:  Marcantonio  (Venus  and  Aeneas);  Lepere  (Notre 
Dame  vue  du  Quai  Montebello);  Lalanne  (Rue  des  Marmousets); 
also  forty-four  etchings,  engravings,  and  reproductions  of  engravings. 


THE  FOGG   ART  MUSEUM  285 

Edward  W.  Forbes,  Class  of  1895:  Ninety-four  eighteenth  (?)  century 
Italian  playing-cards. 

Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  Boston:  One  hundred  and  three  photographs  of 
prints. 

Professor  Paul  J.  Sachs:  Collection  of  nine  hundred  and  eighty-one  wood- 
cuts; "paste  print";  Manet  etching;  woodcut;  etching  by  Hornby; 
playing-card. 

Horace  Swope,  Class  of  1905:  Triumph  of  Caesar,  after  Mantegna  (chiaro- 
scuro woodcut  by  Andreani). 

Miss  Mary  A.  Wright :  Four  mezzotints,  colored. 

Loans 

Charles  J.  Brown:  Engraving  by  Lucas,  after  Harding. 

Mrs.  John  Storer  Cobb :  Two  oil  paintings  of  the  Venetian  school  (School 

of  Bassano). 
Kenneth  John  Conant:    Ninety-five   pencil  drawings  of   architectural 

subjects. 
Horatio  G.  Curtis:  Thirteen  etchings  by  Meryon;  eight  etchings  by  Zorn; 

four  etchings  by  Whistler;  two  etchings  by  Haden. 
Charles  B.  Eddy:  Thirty-nine  etchings  and  lithographs  by  Degas,  Forain, 

and  Pissarro;  four  engravings  by  Schongauer. 
Mrs.  William  Emerson :  Three  Books  of  Hours;  Arabic  manuscript;  draw- 
ings and  books  by  Blake;  engravings  by  and  after  Blake. 
Edward  W.  Forbes:  Water  color  by  Turner  (The  Wave) ;  water  color  by 

Turner  (Simplon  Pass);  Henri  II  bench;  two  pieces  of  velvet;  three 

fourteenth  century  Persian  miniatures. 
Thomas  A.  Fox:  Painting  by  Sargent  (Camping  in  the  Rockies). 
Princess  Alexandre  Gagarine:  Eight  Russian  Icons;   Persian  miniature; 

Cross. 
G.  Peabody  Gardner,  Jr.,  Class  of  1910:   Two  water  colors  by  Dodge 

Macknight. 
Miss  Charlotte  Hallowell :  Two  choir  books,  fourteenth  to  fifteenth  cen- 
tury; one  framed  fragment  of  leaf  of  choir  book;  Missall  Romanum, 

Venice,  1563;  drawing. 
Miss  A.  E.  Hawley:  Priest's  robe;  piece  of  red  brocade. 
Dr.  William  Herman :  Painting  by  Ribera;  Italian  Primitive;  water  color 

by  Dodge  Macknight;  etching  by  Zorn. 
Charles  Hopkinson,  Class  of  1891:  Portrait  by  himself  (President  Eliot). 
Mrs.  John  T.  Linzee:  Four  Japanese  paintings;  fifty-four  volumes. 
John  Pierpont  Morgan :  Twenty -five  illuminated  manuscripts;  two  leaves. 
Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  Boston:  Drawing  by  Forain. 
Mrs.  B.  O.  Pierce:  Fragment  of  Greek  sculpture. 
Professor  Paul  J.  Sachs:  Fifth  century  Greek  head;  fourth  century  Greek 

head;    tenth  century  Cambodian  head;    German  sixteenth  century 

painting  (Christ  in  the  Garden  of  Gethsemane). 
Schofield  Thayer,  Class  of  1912:  Four  drawings  by  Aubrey  Beardsley. 
Miss  Mary  D.  Upham :  Terra-cotta  relief  attributed  to  Delia  Robbia. 
The  Widener  Library:  Ten  early  German  illustrated  books. 
Miss  Sarah  Wiltse:  Two  Italian  paintings  of  the  Umbrian  (?)  school. 


286 


THE  FOGG  ART  MUSEUM 


Loans  by  the  Museum 

To  Harvard  Union:  Seven  framed  photographs;  six  plaster  casts. 

To  Kenneth  John  Conant:  Five  drawings. 

To  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology:  Twenty-five  water  colors;  two 

drawings  by  Kenneth  John  Conant  (St.  Peter's). 
To  Dartmouth  College:  Painting  by  Sargent  (Lake  O'Hara). 
To  Wellesley  College:  Ten  water  colors  by  Joseph  Lindon  Smith. 
To  Rhode  Island  School  of  Design:    Four  drawings  by  Kenneth  John 

Conant. 
To  Copley  Society:  Water  color  by  Sargent. 
To  Cleveland  Museum  of  Art:  Water  color  by  Sargent;  six  prints. 
To  Art  Institute  of  Chicago:  Water  color  by  Sargent. 
To  Arthur  H.  Harlow  and  Company:  Two  drawings  by  Kenneth  John 

Conant  (St.  Peter's). 

Books,  photographs  and  other  reproductions,  and  slides  have 
been  received  as  gifts  from: 


Art  Institute  of  Chicago 

C.  Bemelmans 

Robert  Benson 

Mrs.  Edward  H.  Bradford 

British  Museum,  Department  of 
British  and  Mediaeval  Antiqui- 
ties and  Ethnography 

Charles  Bullard,  Class  of  1894 

Miss  Ellen  Bullard 

Sidney  C.  Cockerell 

Kenneth  John  Conant 

A.  R.  Crook 

T.  Franklin  Currier,  Class  of  1894 

Fine  Arts  1c 

Fine  Arts  Id 

Edward  W.  Forbes 

Miss  Helen  C.  Frick 

Miss  Margaret  E.  Gilman 

Henry  Goldman 

Carl  W.  Hamilton 

W.  F.  Harris 

Harvard  College  Library  (trans- 
ferred to  Fogg  Museum) 

Hillyer  Art  Gallery,  Smith  College 

Professor  William  Sergeant  Kendall 

Library  of  Congress 

Maison  Nels,  Brussels 

Paul  Manship 


Professor  Allan  Marquand,  Princeton 

University 
Metropolitan    Museum   of   Art,  New 

York 
Charles  Jacques  Meunier 
Professor  Charles  R.  Morey,  Princeton 

University 
Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  Boston 
Dr.  Giacomo  de  Nicola 
The  Misses  Norton 
Miss  Sara  Norton 
Owen  School,  London,  England 
Arthur  Stanwood  Pier,  Class  of  1895 
Professor  Chandler  R.  Post,  Class  of 

1904 
Rhode  Island  School  of  Design 
Dr.  Denman  W.  Ross 
Martin  A.  Ryerson 
Professor  Paul  J.  Sachs 
Herbert  F.  Schuchmann 
Director  of  the  State  Office  for  the 

Care  of  Monuments,  The  Hague, 

Holland 
Professor  G.  F.  Swain 
Miss  Augusta  Tavender 
Sir  Hamo  Thornycrof t 
Robert  C.  Witt 
Yale  University  Press 


THE   FOGG  ART   MUSEUM  287 


Needs 


Every  year  makes  more  noticeable  the  need  of  a  larger  building. 
With  each  new  acquisition  arises  the  question  of  where  it  can  be 
placed  so  that  it  will  be  seen  to  advantage.  It  has  become  neces- 
sary to  use  a  part  of  the  gallery  and  two  of  the  exhibition  rooms 
as  working  rooms.  A  third  exhibition  room  has  been  turned  into  a 
lecture  room.  The  lack  of  space  hampers  the  work  of  professors, 
students,  and  staff. 

The  problem  of  funds  is  also  one  that  continually  confronts  the 
Museum.  The  increasing  activities,  which  it  seems  to  the  Direc- 
tors should  not  be  curtailed,  necessitate  each  year  the  raising  by 
them  of  from  $6,000  to  $15,000  to  cover  the  deficit. 

EDWARD  W.  FORBES,  Director. 


HARVARD  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

To  the  President  op  the  University:  — 

Sir,  —  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  my  report  for  the  academic 
year  1920-21. 

Conditions  during  the  year  have  not  been  favorable  to  publish- 
ing enterprises.  A  strike  in  the  printing  trades  last  spring  involved 
the  binderies  and  not  only  delayed  the  appearance  of  several 
books  but  also  embarrassed  us  in  maintaining  our  bound  stock 
of  books  already  issued.  In  spite  of  these  handicaps,  however,  the 
number  of  books  published  equalled  the  output  of  1919-20,  and 
the  volume  of  sales  was  only  slightly  less.  The  following  is  the 
list  of  new  titles  added  to  our  catalogue  during  the  year : 

Old  and  New :  Sundry  Papers.  By  Charles  Hall  Grandgent,  Professor  of 
Romance  Languages  in  Harvard  University. 

Genetics  and  Eugenics.  Second  edition;  revised  and  enlarged.  By  Wil- 
liam Ernest  Castle,  Professor  of  Zoology  in  Harvard  University. 

Robert  Curthose,  Duke  of  Normandy.  By  Charles  Wendell  David,  As- 
sociate Professor  of  History  in  Bryn  Mawr  College. 

Argentine  International  Trade  under  Inconvertible  Paper  Money,  1880- 
1900.  By  John  Henry  Williams,  Associate  Professor  of  Banking  in 
Northwestern  University. 

Harvard  Studies  in  Classical  Philology,  volume  31. 

Dante's  Divine  Comedy:  The  Purgatorio.  Translated  by  Courtney 
Langdon,  Professor  of  Romance  Languages  and  Literature  in  Brown 
University. 

English  Pageantry :  An  Historical  Outline.  Volume  2.  By  Robert  With- 
ington,  Associate  Professor  of  English  in  Smith  College. 

Living  Again.  The  Ingersoll  Lecture  for  1920.  By  Charles  Reynolds 
Brown,  Dean  of  the  Yale  Divinity  School. 

French  Classicism.  By  Charles  Henry  Conrad  Wright,  Professor  of  the 
French  Language  and  Literature  in  Harvard  University. 

A  History  of  English-Canadian  Literature  to  the  Confederation.  By  Ray 
Palmer  Baker,  Professor  of  English  in  the  Rensselaer  Polytechnic 
Institute. 

The  Equality  of  States  in  International  Law.  By  Edwin  DeWitt  Dickin- 
son, Professor  of  Law  in  the  University  of  Michigan. 

Sight  Saving  Classes  in  the  Public  Schools.  By  R.  B.  Irwin,  Department 
of  the  Blind,  Cleveland  Public  Schools. 

The  Mesta:  A  Study  in  Spanish  Economic  History,  1273-1834.  By  Julius 
Klein,  Assistant  Professor  of  Latin  American  History  and  Economics 
in  Harvard  University. 


HARVARD   UNIVERSITY    PRESS  289 

Fugitive  Essays.  By  Josiah  Royce,  Late  Alford  Professor  of  Natural 
Religion,  Moral  Philosophy,  and  Civil  Polity  in  Harvard  University. 

Insects  and  Human  Welfare.  By  Charles  Thomas  Brues,  Assistant  Pro- 
fessor of  Economic  Entomology  in  Harvard  University. 

The  Writer's  Art.  Edited  by  Rollo  Walter  Brown,  Professor  of  Rhetoric 
and  Composition  in  Carleton  College. 

A  Guide  to  the  Study  of  Occupations.  By  Frederick  James  Allen,  of  the 
Harvard  Bureau  of  Vocational  Guidance. 

A  Hundred  Voices.  By  Kostes  Palamas,  Secretary  of  the  University  of 
Athens.  Translated  by  Aristides  Evangelus  Phoutrides,  Instructor 
in  the  Classics  in  Harvard  University. 

A  new  caster  and  job  press,  with  some  minor  equipment,  have 
been  installed  during  the  year.  Several  important  books  are  in 
process  of  manufacture  and  we  are  in  better  position  than  ever 
before  to  take  advantage  of  the  gradually  improving  conditions 
in  the  general  business  world. 

HAROLD  MURDOCK,  Director  of  the  Press. 


UNIVERSITY  EXTENSION 

To  the  President  of  the  University:  — 

Sir,  —  The  following  report  covers  the  work  of  University  Ex- 
tension for  the  academic  year  1920-21,  including  the  Summer 
School  of  Arts  and  Sciences  and  of  Education  for  1921. 


I.   The  Summer  School  of  Arts  and  Sciences  and  of 
Education 

The  conduct  of  the  Summer  School  of  1921  was  in  the  hands  of 
Assistant  Professor  J.  Tucker  Murray. 

In  1921  the  Summer  School  was  reorganized  as  the  Summer 
School  of  Arts  and  Sciences  and  of  Education  and  was  conducted 
by  concurrent  action  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences  and  of 
the  Faculty  of  the  Graduate  School  of  Education.  The  usual  ses- 
sion of  the  Summer  School  was  held  from  July  5  to  August  13,  and 
was  attended  by  two  thousand  and  twenty-two  students,  the  larg- 
est attendance  in  the  history  of  the  School.  In  1920  we  had  two 
hundred  and  seventy-seven  Harvard  students,  and  in  1921  we 
had  three  hundred  and  twenty-three  Harvard  students. 

The  general  courses  of  the  Summer  School  were  offered  by  fifty- 
three  officers  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  and  one  of  the 
Faculty  of  Architecture,  including  sixteen  professors,  ten  associate 
professors,  six  assistant  professors,  thirteen  instructors,  three  as- 
sistants, and  five  lecturers;  together  with  six  professors,  one  as- 
sociate professor,  three  assistant  professors,  and  five  instructors 
from  other  institutions,  and  five  gentlemen  not  holding  academic 
positions. 

The  courses  in  Physical  Education  at  the  Hemenway  Gymna- 
sium under  the  direction  of  Mr.  W.  H.  Geer  engaged  the  services 
of  a  large  number  of  other  instructors,  lecturers,  and  assistants. 
All  courses  met  five  times  a  week  for  six  weeks. 
The  total  number  of  persons  in  attendance  was  as  follows : 

1918  1919  1920         1921 

lstsess'n  2dsess'n 

Total  number  of  students 1709  1245       1729  647  2022 

«         ■  "men 797  815       1066  593  997 

■  "women 912  430        663  54  1023 

Percentage  of  men 44%        65%       62%      92%        49% 

290 


UNIVERSITY   EXTENSION  291 


This  body  of  students  was  made  up  as  follows : 


1918  1919  1920  1921 
1st  eess'n  2d  sess'n 

Students  at  Engineering  Camp    0  3  0  43  39 

Students  in  Reserve  Officers'  Training  Camp 522  0  0  0  0 

Harvard  Students  of  preceding  academic  year: * 

Members  of  graduate  and  professional  schools        10  63  42  55  101 

Undergraduates  in  good  standing 52  435  337  128  153 

Undergraduates  with  deficient  record 16  92  0  87  29 

Special  Students,  Arts  and  Sciences 5  9  8  7  11 

Radcliffe  Students  of  preceding  academic  year ....        18  34  14  22  32 

Students  in  Physical  Education  courses 180  200  0  233  284 

Students  from  outside  in  general  courses 443  909  246  1 141  1384 


1246       1745  647         1716         2033 

Names  counted  twice 1  16  0  7  11 


1245       1729  647         1709         2022 


The  composition  of  the  group  entitled  "  Students  from  Outside 
in  General  Courses"  was  as  follows: 

1918  1919  1920  1921 
Teachers  and  school  officers:                                                     ls*  sess'n  2d  sess'n 

Professors  and  college  instructors .       19  60  23  75            95 

Normal  School  teachers 8  5            0  11             18 

High  School  teachers 82  137  12  177  205 

Junior  High  School  teachers 5  26            0  37            51 

Grade  school  teachers 55  98            3  210  210 

Endowed  and  private  school  teachers 18  47  13  67  105 

Other  teachers 15  43             1  27             58 

Superintendents,  supervisors,  and  principals           53  61             3  96  152 

Kindergartners 0  0            0  9             15 

Total  teachers  and  school  officers 255  477  55  709  909 

Men 88  139  35  182  300 

Women 167  338  20  527  609 

Percentage  of  men 34%  29%  63%  25%        33% 

Students  from  other  colleges 72  202  113  199  229 

Students  from  preparatory  schools 13  19            3  23             18 

•)ther  students 6  48  33  36             35 

i)ther  occupations  than  teaching 61  74  19  87            93 

Occupations  not  given 36  89  23  87  100 

188  432  191  432  475 

255  477  55  709  909 


Total  students  from  outside,  general  courses.  .  .     443  909         246       1141  1384 

Men 187  429        208        439  591 

Women 256  480  38        702  793 

Percentage  of  men 42%  47%      84%      38%        43% 

In  this  body  of  " students  from  outside"  there  were: 

1918  1919  1920  1921 

1st  sess'n  2d  sess'n 

olders  of  A.B..S.B.,  or  some  equivalent  degree 84         245  80  295  492 

olders  of  a  higher  degree 109  91  35  122  123 

[embers  of  the  Summer  School  in  one  of  the  pre- 
ceding five  years 73         100  58  161  213 

1  Not  including  members  of  the  Reserve  Officers'  Training  Corps. 


UNIVERSITY  EXTENSION 


The  geographical  distribution  of  this  same  group  was  as  follows : 


1918 


1st 


New  England  States 268 

Middle  States 60 

South  Atlantic  States 31 

South  Central  States 24 

North  Central  States. 22 

Western  States 11 

Foreign  Countries 27 


443 


K 

19 

1920 

1921 

sess'n 

2d  sess'n 

563 

160 

727 

874 

148 

34 

190 

239 

44 

7 

66 

61 

12 

6 

15 

39 

94 

24 

101 

121 

6 

5 

16 

17 

42 

10 

26 

33 

909 

246 

1141 

1384 

II.  Commission  on  Extension  Courses 


REPRESENTING 

Harvard  University 

Tufts  College 

Mass.  Institute  of  Technology 

Boston  College 

Massachusetts  Board  of  Education 
School  Committee  of  the  City  of  Boston 


Boston  University 
Museum  of  Fine  Arts 
Wellesley  College 
Simmons  College 


The  following  courses  were  offered  in  1920-21.  The  table  shows 
for  each  course  the  number  of  students  in  the  course,  and  the 
number  of  certificates  granted : 


UNIVERSITY   EXTENSION  293 

Students  Certificates 

Botany  (Professor  W.  J.  V.  Osterhout) 19  12 

Economics: 

Elementary  Economics  (Professor  E.  E.  Day) 43  17 

Economic   Development  of  Europe  and  the   United 

States  (Dr.  E.  E.  Lincoln) 29  5 

Principles  of  Sociology  (Professor  T.  N.  Carver) 32  14 

Programmes  of  Social  Reconstruction  (Professor  T.  N. 

Carver) 30  14 

Education : 

Administration  of  Elementary  Schools  (Mr.  G.  A.  Mirick)  28  17 

Educational  Measurement  (Professor  W.  F.  Dearborn)  21  17 
Educational  Measurement  (Advanced  course)  (Professor 

W.  F.  Dearborn) 29  20 

High  School  Problems  (Professor  A.  H.  Wilde) 14  7 

Supervision  of  Teaching  in  Elementary  Schools  (Pro- 
fessor H.  W.  Holmes) 48  7 

Teachers'  Training  Course  in  French  (Professor  L.  J.  A. 

Mercier) 23  8 

English: 

Elementary  English  Composition  (Mr.  F.  W.  C.  Hersey)  165  77 

Advanced  English  Composition  (Professor  D.  L.  Sharp)  157  45 

English  Drama  (Professor  E.  C.  Black) 170  76 

Johnson  and  His  Club  (Professor  C.  T.  Copeland) 231  22 

Novel  and  Short  Story  (Professor  E.  C.  Black) 183  65 

Oral  English  (Professor  I.  L.  Winter) 8  4 

Public  Speaking  (Professor  I.  L.  Winter) 20  7 

French  (Professor  James  Geddes,  Jr.): 

Elementary  French 43  14 

Second-year  French 28  17 

Intermediate  French 30  8 

Geography  (Professor  Elizabeth  F.  Fisher) : 

Geography  of  Greater  Boston 71  16 

Industrial  and  Commercial  Geography 73  39 

Geology  (Professor  G.  H.  Barton) : 

Dynamical  and  Structural  Geology 23  15 

Mineralogy 28  13 

Government  (Professor  F.  A.  Cleveland) 21  8 

History  (Professor  H.  M.  Varrell) 26  12 

Appreciation  of  Music  (Professor  J.  P.  Marshall) 135  32 

School  of  Social  Work  (Mr.  S.  A.  Queen,  Director) 3  3 

Spanish  (Professor  E.  F.  Langley) : 

Elementary  Spanish 45  19 

Second-year  Spanish 16  9 

Zoology  (Professor  G.  H.  Parker) 15  8 

1807  647 


294  UNIVERSITY  EXTENSION 

The  proportion  of  certificates  to  the  total  enrolment  was  thirty- 
five  per  cent.  All  the  courses  were  accepted  for  the  degree  of  A.A. 
by  Harvard  University,  Radcliffe  College,  Tufts  College,  and 
Wellesley  College. 

III.   Special  Students 

In  1920-21,  ninety-one  men  were  registered  as  Special  Students 
under  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences.  These  students  entered 
one  hundred  and  ninety  full  courses  and  one  hundred  and  ninety- 
eight  half-courses,  of  which  ninety-four  full  courses  and  one 
hundred  and  thirty-seven  half -courses  were  completed  with  the 
following  grades :  A,  twenty-six;  B,  fifty-two;  C,  sixty-eight;  D, 
fifty-four,  E,  thirty-one.  Of  the  ninety-one  students,  sixty-one 
completed  at  least  one  course  or  half-course. 

The  registration  and  immediate  supervision  of  the  Special 
Students  was  in  charge  of  Assistant  Professor  A.  F.  Whittem, 
Secretary  of  the  Administrative  Board  for  Special  Students  and 
University  Extension. 

The  number  of  Special  Students  registered  November  1,  1921, 
was  sixty-four.  Their  average  age  was  twenty-eight  years.  Nine- 
teen were  of  foreign  birth.  By  occupation  six  were  teachers ; 
sixteen  have  no  other  occupation  than  student.  Twenty-one  have 
enrolled  in  four  or  more  courses. 

IV.  Degree  of  Associate  in  Arts 

At  Commencement,  1921,  the  degree  of  Associate  in  Arts  was 
conferred  by  Harvard  University  on 

James  Arthur  McCoy 

Charles  Endicott  Patch 
by  Radcliffe  College  on 

Katherine  Seymour  Day 

Nellie  Hilliard 

Anna  Marie  Randall 

JAMES  HARDY  ROPES,  Dean. 


RADCLIFFE  COLLEGE 

To  the  President  of  the  University:  — 

Sir,  —  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  report  of  Radcliffe  Col- 
lege for  the  academic  year  1920-21. 

The  number  of  students  in  actual  attendance  during  the  year 
was  654. 

Graduate  Students 141 

Seniors 105 

Juniors 106 

Sophomores 89 

Freshmen 92 

Unclassified  Students 66 

Special  Students 55 

Total 654 

These  students  came  from  32  states  and  10  countries. 

The  number  of  teachers  taking  courses  without  charge  was  5. 
These  teachers  are  admitted  under  the  arrangement  with  a  few 
public  schools,  by  which,  in  return  for  an  opportunity  given  Rad- 
cliffe students  to  teach  in  these  schools  in  connection  with  their 
work  in  Education,  a  certain  number  of  teachers  are  given  free 
instruction  in  Radcliffe  College.  The  director  of  the  Radcliffe 
gymnasium  and  two  mistresses  of  halls  also  took  courses  without 
charge.  On  teachers'  rates  3  teachers  were  admitted  to  take  Har- 
vard courses,  and  14  were  admitted  to  Radcliffe  courses. 

In  1920-21,  71  students  were  admitted  to  23  whole  courses,  and 
94  students  to  50  half-courses  in  Harvard  University.  Twenty- 
one  professors  directed  the  work  in  research  of  44  students. 

One  hundred  and  forty-one  graduate  students  registered  during 
1920-21,  105  of  whom  were  from  colleges  other  than  Radcliffe. 
Fifty-two  of  these  came  from  Mount  Holyoke,  Smith,  Vassar,  and 
Wellesley;  9  others  from  colleges  in  New  England,  8  from  the 
Middle  States,  14  from  the  Middle  West,  3  from  the  Far  West,  9 
from  the  South,  and  10  from  institutions  outside  of  the  United 
States  —  the  Universities  of  Manitoba  and  British  Columbia, 
Oxford,  Edinburgh,  Dublin,  Paris,  San  Marcos,  and  New  Zealand. 

295 


296  RADCLIFFE  COLLEGE 

At  Commencement,  in  June,  1921,  the  President  of  Radcliffe 
College  conferred  the  degree  of  Associate  in  Arts  on  3  candidates; 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts  on  98  candidates,  24  cum  laude, 
4  magna  cum  laude,  and  2  summa  cum  laude;  the  degree  of  Master 
of  Arts  on  30  candidates;  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Science  on  one 
candidate : 

Esther  Wadsworth  Hall,  A.B.  (Smith  College)  1918,  A.M. 
(Radcliffe  College)  1920.  Subject,  Applied  Biology;  Special  Field, 
Economic  Entomology;  Dissertation,  Braconids  Parasitic  on 
Aphids  and  Their  Life  History. 

The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy  on  6  candidates : 

Rachel  Blodgett,  A.B.  (Wellesley  College)  1916,  A.M.  (Radcliffe 
College)  1919.  Subject,  Mathematics;  Special  Field,  Analysis; 
Dissertation,  The  Determination  of  the  Coefficients  in  Interpola- 
tion Formulae  and  a  Study  of  the  Approximate  Solution  of  Integral 
Equations. 

Eva  Beatrice  Dykes,  A.B.  (Howard  University)  1914,  A.B.  (Rad- 
cliffe College)  1917,  A.M.  (ibid.)  1918.  Subject,  Philology;  Special 
Field,  English  Philology;  Dissertation,  Pope  and  His  Influence  in 
America  from  1715  to  1850. 

Alice  Helen  Graustein,  A.B.  (Radcliffe  College)  1917,  AM.(ibid.) 
1918.  Subject,  Chemistry;  Special  Field,  Organic  Chemistry; 
Dissertation,  The  Action  of  Halogens  and  of  Halogen  Acids  on  a 
5-Ketonic  Nitrile. 

Grace  Warren  Landrum,  A.B.  (Radcliffe  College)  1898,  A.M. 
(University  of  Chicago)  1915.  Subject,  Philology;  Special  Field, 
English  Philology;   Dissertation,  Chaucer's  Use  of  the  Vulgate. 

Dorothy  Isabella  Morrill,  A.B.  (Mount  Holyoke  College)  1914, 
A.M.  (University  of  Michigan)  1915,  A.M.  (Radcliffe  College)  1919. 
Subject,  Philology;  Special  Field,  English  Philology;  Disserta- 
tion, German  Influence  on  Coleridge's  Dramatic  Criticism. 

Grace  Lee  Nute,  A.B.  (Smith  College)  1917,  A.M.  (Radcliffe 
College)  1918.  Subject,  History;  Special  Field,  American  History; 
Dissertation,  American  Foreign  Commerce,  1825-50. 

The  Caroline  I.  Wilby  Prize,  for  the  best  original  work  in  any 
department,  was  awarded  to  Grace  Lee  Nute,  for  her  Doctor's 
dissertation.  The  Captain  Jonathan  Fay  Diploma  and  Scholar- 
ship, for  the  Senior  who  in  the  judgment  of  the  Academic  Board 
has  shown  the  greatest  promise,  was  awarded  to  Kathleen  Ellen 
Hartwell.  Miss  Hartwell  was  also  given  honorable  mention  in  the 
competition  for  the  George  B.  Sohier  Prize  in  Harvard  College. 
The  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Prize  of  $50,  given  to  the  ranking  member  of 


RADCLIFFE   COLLEGE  297 

the  Junior  class,  was  awarded  to  Dorothy  Grace  Currie.  A  scholar- 
ship from  the  appropriation  made  by  Radcliffe  College  for  study 
in  the  Marine  Biological  Laboratory  at  Woods  Hole,  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1921,  was  awarded  to  Madeleine  Parker  Grant,  a  graduate 
student. 

The  Susan  B.  Anthony  Scholarship,  awarded  by  the  Depart- 
ment of  Political  Science  and  Government  at  Bryn  Mawr  College 
for  1921-22,  was  awarded  to  Edna  Alvina  Cers,  of  the  Class  of 
1921.  A  scholarship  offered  for  1921-22  by  the  French  Depart- 
ment of  Education  and  the  Office  National  des  Universites  fran- 
chises for  study  in  an  ficole  Normale  was  awarded  to  Anastasia  B. 
Connor,  A.B.  1919,  and  one  for  study  in  a  Lycee  to  Marine  Leland, 
of  the  Sophomore  Class.  A  fellowship  offered  by  the  Committee 
for  Relief  in  Belgium  for  advanced  study  in  Belgium  was  awarded 
to  Eleanor  W.  Allen,  A.B.  1918,  A.M.  1921. 

Fourteen  graduate  scholarships,  and  seventy  undergraduate 
scholarships  were  awarded  for  1921-22. 

$285,100  was  received  during  the  year  —  new  gifts  and  the 
completion  of  payments  under  bequests;  and  in  addition  $3200 
was  received  for  scholarship  and  loan  funds.  Other  gifts  of  furni- 
ture, engravings  and  photographs  were  received,  beside  a  painting 
by  Mrs.  Sarah  Wyman  Whitman  presented  by  Mrs.  James  Barr 
Ames,  and  two  windows,  the  work  of  Mary  H.  Frye,  '15-16,  for 
Bertram  and  Eliot  Halls,  given  by  past  and  present  residents  of 
the  halls  and  friends,  in  memory  of  Mrs.  David  P.  Kimball. 

The  following  figures  give  the  results  of  the  admission  examina- 
tions in  1921 : 

Admitted  without  condition  by  Old  Plan 27 

Admitted  without  condition  by  New  Plan 48 

75 
Admitted  with  condition 11 

Total  admitted 86 

Refused  admission  by  Old  Plan 24 

Refused  admission  by  New  Plan 28 

Total  refused  admission 52 

138 
Candidates  counted  twice 1 

Total  number  of  final  candidates 137 


RADCLIFFE  COLLEGE 

1920-21  marks  the  extension  at  Radcliffe  of  the  tutorial  system, 
which  began  in  the  departments  of  History,  Government,  and 
Economics  with  the  class  entering  in  1914.  The  Sophomore  Class, 
1923,  began  upon  the  intensive  work  toward  general  examinations 
in  all  fields  except  Science  and  Mathematics,  under  the  guidance 
of  tutors  and  advisers. 

The  members  of  the  Academic  Board  for  the  year  1920-21 
were  Professor  K.  G.  T.  Webster,  the  permanent  chairman,  and 
Professors  E.  L.  Mark,  E.  H.  Hall,  H.  W.  Smyth,  G.  L. 
Kittredge,  C.  H.  Grandgent,  G.  P.  Baxter,  W.  S.  Ferguson,  and 
W.  E.  Hocking. 

In  December,  1920,  changes  in  the  Statutes  were  made  which 
provide  for  five  stated  meetings  of  the  Associates  instead  of  three, 
a  representation  of  six  alumnae  nominated  by  the  Alumnae  Associ- 
ation instead  of  three,  membership  as  an  Associate  of  the  President 
of  the  Alumnae  Association  during  her  term  of  office,  limitation  of 
the  term  of  service  of  the  Associates  to  six  years,  with  a  necessary 
pause  of  one  year  before  re-election,  and  the  enlargement  of  the 
Council  to  eight  members  by  the  election  of  a  second  alumna. 

Christina  Hopkinson  Baker,  A.B.  1893  (Mrs.  George  P.  Baker), 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Council  for  seven  years  from  1921, 
and  Judge  Frederick  Pickering  Cabot  was  re-elected  a  member  of 
the  Council  for  eight  years  from  1921.  Marion  Churchill,  A.B. 
1906,  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Associates  for  her  term  of  office 
as  President  of  the  Radcliffe  Alumnae  Association;  Mabel  Harris 
Lyon,  A.B.  1897  (Mrs.  David  G.  Lyon),  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Associates  for  six  years  from  1921,  on  the  nomination  of  the 
Radcliffe  Alumnae  Association;  Professor  Charles  Howard  Mc- 
Ilwain  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Associates  for  three  years 
from  1921. 

On  September  1, 1921,  Miss  Marion  Edwards  Park,  former  Dean 
of  Simmons  College,  took  office  as  Dean  of  Radcliffe  College. 

CHRISTINA  H.  BAKER,  Acting  Dean. 


APPENDIX 


REPORT  OF  THE  CHAIRMAN  OF  THE  COMMITTEE 
ON  ADMISSION 

To  the  President  of  the  University:  — 

Sir,  —  In  April,  1920,  the  Faculty  had  reduced  the  requirements  for 
clear  admission  under  the  Old  Plan  from  sixteen  and  one-half  units  to 
fifteen  units,  leaving  unchanged  the  requirement  of  at  least  fourteen  units' 
credit  for  admission  with  conditions. 

At  its  meeting  of  January  18,  1921,  the  Faculty  passed  the  following 
orders : 

(a)  That  candidates  for  the  degree  of  S.B.  in  Harvard  College,  or  in  the 
Engineering  School,  be  allowed  to  substitute  an  examination  for  admis- 
sion based  on  two  years'  preparation  in  Latin  for  an  examination  based  on 
two  years'  preparation  in  French,  German,  or  Spanish. 

(6)  That  the  credit  allotted  to  Elementary  Algebra  in  the  examinations 
for  admission  be  changed  from  one  and  one-half  units  to  two  units. 

Prior  to  the  passage  of  these  votes,  a  candidate  for  admission  who  offered 
Latin  was  required  to  take  the  examination  Latin  Cp  3,  a  test  calling  for 
a  preparation  of  at  least  three  years  in  the  secondary  school.  In  many 
such  schools,  especially  in  the  public  high  schools,  it  was  found  that  can- 
didates were  arriving  at  the  end  of  their  course  with  only  two  years'  work 
in  Latin.  Such  candidates  were  naturally  surprised  to  be  told  that  al- 
though preparation  covering  an  equal  time  spent  in  the  study  of  French, 
German,  or  Spanish  would  be  quite  acceptable,  to  Latin  an  additional 
year's  study  must  be  devoted  or  no  credit  at  all  could  be  granted.  Many 
teachers  of  Latin  felt  that  this  attitude  tended  to  discourage  the  study  of 
Latin  in  the  schools,  and  amounted  to  a  declaration  by  Harvard  that  Latin 
as  a  subject  of  study  is  inferior  in  educational  value  to  French,  German, 
or  Spanish.  The  Committee  felt  that  the  candidate  for  the  A.B.  degree 
should  continue  to  offer  a  three  years'  preparation  in  Latin,  but  that  two 
years'  study  of  that  language  should  be  accepted  from  the  candidate  for 
the  degree  of  S.B. 

For  several  years  past,  Harvard  had  been  the  only  college,  except  Cor- 
nell and  Wisconsin,  allotting  less  than  two  units'  credit  to  Elementary 
Algebra.  In  terms  of  school  work,  a  unit  is  defined  as  four  or  five  periods 
per  week  for  one  school  year,  constituting  approximately  one-quarter  of 
a  year's  work,  and  occupying  the  equivalent  of  one  hundred  twenty 
sixty-minute  hours.  Since  the  time  equivalent  of  two  units  or  even  more 
is  found  by  most  schools  to  be  necessary  for  preparing  pupils  to  pass  the 
Board's  examination  in  Algebra,  the  Faculty,  on  the  recommendation  of 
the  Committee,  increased  the  allotment  of  credit  for  that  study  from  one 
and  one-half  to  two  units,  thus  bringing  Harvard's  requirements  into 
conformity  with  those  of  most  other  colleges,  and  —  what  is  even  more 
important  —  accepting  the  schools'  abundant  experience  as  to  the  mini- 
mum time  required  for  preparation  in  that  study. 

299 


300  APPENDIX 

During  the  past  year,  the  Committee  have  received  and  acted  upon  1523 
applications  for  admission : 

Applications  for  admission  to  the  Freshman  Class 990 

Applications  for  admission  as  Special  Students 88 

Applications  for  admission  from  other  colleges 412 

Applications  for  admission  on  grounds  of  War  Service. ...  33 

Total 1523 

The  detailed  statement  of  the  action  of  the  Committee  upon  applica- 
tions for  admission  to  the  Freshman  Class  is  as  follows:  (For  purposes  of 
comparison,  I  give  similar  figures  for  1919  and  1920). 

Applications  for  Admission  to  the  Freshman  Class 

1919 

Admitted  without  conditions  (Old  Plan) 167 

"  u  a         (New  Plan)  228 

Total  number  admitted  without  conditions    . .  395 
Admitted  with  conditions  (Old  Plan) 132 

Total  number  admitted 527 

Refused  admission  (Old  Plan)  91 

(New  Plan)   104 

Total  number  refused  admission 195 

Percentage  of  refusal 26.1 

Candidates  in  June  who  did  not  appear  in  September      24 

Total  number  of  final  candidates    746  867  990 

Of  the  candidates  under  the  New  Plan,  51  were  reported  as  failing  in 
all  four  examinations,  62  in  three  of  the  four,  23  in  two  of  the  four,  and  1 
in  one.  Of  the  548  papers  written  by  these  men,  only  28  were  reported  as 
at  all  satisfactory;  and  some  of  these  were  doubtful.  Of  the  candidates 
refused  admission  under  the  New  Plan  in  June,  one  succeeded  in  gaining 
admission  under  the  Old  Plan  in  September. 

Of  the  80  men  refused  admission  by  the  Old  Plan,  55  passed  examina- 
tions counting  less  than  twelve  units;  and  one  of  these  passed  no  exami- 
nations at  all. 

The  figures  for  men  seeking  admission  from  other  colleges  are  as  follows: 

1919  1920  1921 

Admitted  as  Unclassified  Students 322  396 

"          "Freshmen ..  144 

"         "  Provisional  Sophomores . .  110 

"          "  Provisional  Juniors . .  30 

"         to  Engineering  School . .  30 

Rejected 82  85  98 

404  481  412 


1920 

203 
274 

1921 

309 
343 

477 

652 

122 

121 

599 

773 

68 
186 

80 
137 

254 

217 

29.1 
14 

21.9 

APPENDIX  301 

Of  the  men  admitted  from  other  colleges,  224  have  actually  registered; 
and  these  represent  104  different  institutions  and  47  states  and  foreign 
countries. 

An  examination  of  the  colleges  from  which  these  men  came  shows  that 
139  students,  or  62  per  cent,  came  from  colleges  outside  New  England. 
A  similar  examination  of  the  men  admitted  as  Freshmen  shows  that  only 
321  students,  or  32  per  cent,  came  from  outside  of  New  England.  (Tables 
showing  the  geographical  distribution  of  both  kinds  of  applicants  will  be 
found  in  the  Appendix.) 

Beginning  with  the  academic  year  1921-22,  the  Committee  on  Admis- 
sion, with  the  consent  of  the  Faculty,  inaugurated  certain  changes  in  the 
method  of  accepting  students  from  other  colleges.  A  student  may  now 
be  admitted  without  examination  by  transfer  from  another  institution  of 
college  grade,  provided  he  has  been  in  residence  at  the  other  college  one 
full  year,  and  has  completed  the  work  in  the  last  year  there  without  con- 
ditions or  deficiencies,  and  with  satisfactory  grades  in  most  of  his  courses. 
At  the  time  of  his  admission,  he  is  assigned  to  registration  in  the  Freshman 
Class  or  to  provisional  registration  in  the  Sophomore  or  Junior  Class; 
but  no  statement  concerning  a  student's  rating  at  admission  is  made  until 
he  can  present  an  official  transcript  of  his  complete  record  in  the  other 
college.  When  the  Committee  is  in  possession  of  this  transcript,  the  can- 
didate's registration  is  determined  in  accordance  with  his  combined  school 
and  college  record  —  that  is,  we  do  not  begin  to  count  towards  a  Bache- 
lor's degree  college  courses  taken  elsewhere  until  we  have  first  made  up 
for  the  applicant,  from  his  school  course  (and  from  his  college  work  if 
necessary)  an  admission  record  corresponding  to  the  Harvard  require- 
ments for  admission.  If  after  subtracting  from  his  college  record  whatever 
courses  may  be  necessary  to  make  a  full  admission  record  there  are  still 
courses  to  his  credit  —  courses  which  are  of  solid  educational  worth  and 
which  have  been  passed  with  satisfactory  grades  —  those  courses  will 
reduce  the  amount  of  work  to  be  completed  for  a  Harvard  degree,  pro- 
vided the  applicant  has  in  his  first  year  here  a  record  which  will  promote 
him  without  deficiencies  to  the  next  higher  class  in  Harvard  College.  If 
he  has  such  a  record,  his  provisional  registration  is  confirmed,  and  he  is 
told  the  exact  number  of  courses  that  he  must  complete  for  a  Harvard 
degree;  but,  if  he  has  not,  that  fact  will  cause  the  Committee  to  discredit 
the  work  which  he  has  done  in  the  other  college,  and  may  mean  either 
that  he  must  remain  another  year  in  the  class  to  which  he  was  provision- 
ally assigned  or  that  he  must  drop  back  into  a  lower  class.  Whether  a  man 
is  promoted  or  not,  however,  the  rating  given  to  him  at  the  end  of  his 
first  year  here  is  regarded  as  final. 

HENRY  PENNYPACKER, 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Admission. 


302 


APPENDIX 


Average  Ages  at  Opening  of  College  Year 
Old  Plan  Candidates 

1919  1920 

Admitted  clear 18.08  18.24 

Admitted  with  conditions 18.41  18.79 

Refused  admission 18.65  18.95 

New  Plan  Candidates 

Admitted 18.04  17.95 

Refused  admission 18.12  18.26 

New  Plan  Applicants 

1919  1920 

Total  number  of  school  records  presented    441  590 

"  "         "       "  "       approved 376  541 

"  "         "  men  examined 332  460 

"      "    admitted 228  274 

"          "         "      "    refused  on  their  school  records .       65  49 

*  "         "      "         "       after  examination 104  186 


1921 

18.29 
18.44 
18.75 


18.12 
18.27 


1921 

616 
571 
480 
343 
45 
137 


APPENDIX 


303 


Students  Admitted  from  Other  Colleges.  —  Geographical  Distribu- 
tion of  Men  Actually  Registered,  1921-22 


North  Atlantic  Division 

Massachusetts 71 

Connecticut 9 

Maine 3 

Rhode  Island 2 

Vermont    1 

Total  New  England . .     86 

New  York 20 

New  Jersey 5 

Pennsylvania 15 

—  126 

South  Atlantic  Division 

North  Carolina 1 

District  of  Columbia. .  .  2 

Virginia 1 

West  Virginia 4 

Florida 1 

Georgia 2 

—  11 


Western  Division 

Colorado 

California 

New  Mexico 

Oregon    


North  Central  Division 

Iowa 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Nebraska 


14 


North  Central  Division  (cont.) 


Illinois 

Minnesota.  .  . 

Missouri 

South  Dakota 

Kansas 

Michigan.  .  .  . 


South  Central  Division 

Arkansas 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Alabama 


Hawaii 

Philippine  Islands 
Porto  Rico 


Foreign 
Bulgaria  . 
Canada   . 
China.  .  . 

Cuba 

Greece. . . 
Honduras 
Japan. . . . 
Jerusalem 
Russia . . . 
Turkey  .  . 


44 


12 


—  3 

1 
1 
3 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 

—  14 


Total 224 


304 


APPENDIX 


to       -*  tj  cq  ^  q  ©  ^ 

t>*  rji    cN   N    00   H 


M   lO   CO   M   lO   Tt<   tM 


CO   (N    N   N 
00 


Oj    CD  lO   H    KJ   00   "*    ^   M 

g    i-4  £*   <N   t-h  1>" 

2   N  00 


i-l      CO 


SO     t-H 

o21    OS 


O     |> 


CO  ^   CO  ^   O   O  ^ 

CO   (N    (N   00   H 

00 


CON   OMiO^ 
CON   (N   O 


N    iO   H    CO   CO    CO   N 

CO    rH     t-H     iO 

CO 


r^  tq 

00      T-H 

b-   CM 

CO   CO 
rJ4    lO 

t6   rj" 

CO   CO 

d  o» 

to  -^ 

_©  co  co 

oS    ■<#   to 
H 


So  «  *> 

bSSS 


OS  o 

CO   CO* 
CO   CO 


00    tH 
00    H 

l>   CM 


00    tH 
1>   CM 


00   CM 

Tjl     tO 


O   OS 
I>*   CM 

CO   CO 


CO   CO 

co  co 


o 


§8 


tH     CO    O 

CO      T-H      T-H 


IN    (N   H 

OS     1— (     T— i 

CO  . 


(M    CM    tO   O 
CM 


CO   CM    Tin    CM 


00    CO   tH 
CO 


CO    t-H     t-H    tH 


h  N  "O   00   CO   N    00   h   -* 

<N  t-H  O              t-H     CO 

3  co  ^ 

.20  (M  rti   O   OS   I>   CO   O   O 

•321  ">  ■*  th        ** 

-§2  <n  co 

Ph 

c»t-h  ^  ©  N  O  (N   N  H 

th  CO  00                  tH 

2  <N  (M 


02 

P 
O 

S 
o 

o 

CO 

H 

<! 

A 
i— i 

A 

5 

o 

o 

02 

H 
O 

3 
8 

Ph 


AO 


1>   CM 

co  co 

CO    CO 


OS  o 

lO     Tl* 

CM   l> 


OS   O 

t6     Tj" 

t—   CM 


CO    CD 
Tti    to 


A 
S 
g  CM   I> 

faiO'* 
g   CO   CO 


A 

b   iO   ^ 
£   CO   CO 


tO  «cH 


2    (NN 


A 

3   t^  CM 
^   <M   I> 

A 


,1 

8.3 
■S  8 

Ph  Ph 


CD    CO       hh  1>  CM 

d  OS     S  O  OS 

tH  Zo     A  co  co 

•< 


Ph  Ph 


02 

"o 

I 

GO 
o 

1 

Ph 


APPENDIX  305 


DEPARTMENT  OF  HYGIENE 

To  the  President  of  the  University:  — 

Sir,  —  I  have  the  honor  to  present  the  report  of  the  Department  of 
Hygiene  for  the  academic  year  1920-21.  During  the  year  this  depart- 
ment undertook  the  physical  examination  of  all  new  students  in  the  Grad- 
uate School  of  Business  Administration.  This  has  made  possible  certain 
comparative  studies  between  students  in  the  college  and  students  in  one 
of  the  graduate  schools.  The  results  of  these  studies  promise  to  be  of  con- 
siderable value  when  adequate  data  have  been  collected.  Some  of  the 
preliminary  observations  have  already  been  published. 

With  the  assistance  again  of  an  appropriation  from  the  United  States 
Interdepartmental  Social  Hygiene  Board  the  physical  training  program 
for  Freshmen  was  continued.  A  more  detailed  reference  to  this  work  will 
be  found  in  Mr.  Geer's  report  which  is  appended. 

The  report  of  the  medical  adviser,  which  is  also  appended,  takes  up  in 
statistical  form  the  various  illnesses  in  the  University.  Fortunately  there 
are  no  serious  epidemics  to  record.  The  Stillman  Infirmary  is  being  used 
to  a  greater  extent  each  year  and  every  attempt  is  made  to  reduce  to  a 
minimum  the  number  of  students  who  are  sick  in  their  rooms,  even  if  it 
is  only  for  a  day. 

The  statistics  show  that  on  the  whole  comparatively  little  time  was  lost 
by  students  from  their  academic  work.  Expressed  in  terms  in  which  these 
figures  are  usually  given,  namely  the  number  of  days  lost  per  year,  we 
find  that  among  the  undergraduate  students  in  the  college  the  amount  of 
time  lost  by  each  student  on  account  of  illness  would  amount  to  a  loss  of 
less  than  seven  days  during  the  entire  calendar  year.  As  was  pointed  out 
in  the  last  report,  these  figures  embrace  the  unhealthiest  months  of  the 
year  and  do  not  include  the  relatively  more  healthy  summer  months. 

ROGER  I.  LEE, 

Henry  K.  Oliver  Professor  of  Hygiene. 


306  APPENDIX 


REPORT  OF  THE  MEDICAL  ADVISER 

To  the  President  of  the  University:  — 

Sir,  —  I  have  the  honor  to  present  the  following  tables  showing  the  ill- 
ness among  Harvard  students  for  the  academic  year  1920-21. 

It  will  be  seen  by  "Table  III"  that  there  were  no  deaths  at  the  Still- 
man  Infirmary.  Deaths  elsewhere  among  Harvard  students  were  as 
follows: 

Milton  Genensky,  '22,  November  19,  1920. 
Francis  Underwood  Perry,  '21,  March  21,  1921. 
Gerhard  Christian  August  Fetzer,  '23,  April  21,  1921. 
Barton  Fay,  '24,  May  1,  1921. 
The  following  gifts  were  made  to  the  Stillman  Infirmary: 

Eighty  books  for  the  Theodore  Myron  Arms  Memorial  Library. 
Dr.  B.  A.  G.  Fuller  continued  the  gift  of  the  annual  subscription  to 

nine  current  magazines. 
Eight  books  from  the  library  of  Mr.  J.  S.  Hoffman,  3G,  deceased. 
One  copy  daily  of  the  Crimson  from  the  Crimson  management  for 

the  contagious  ward. 
One  copy  daily  of  the  Crimson  from  Rev.  Byrle  J.  Osborne. 
The  Saturday  Evening  Post  from  Mr.  David  Davis,  3L. 
The  Theosophical  Path  from  Mrs.  F.  Collett. 
Magazines  from  Mrs.  Whiting. 
One  book  from  Mr.  Osgood  Hooker,  '22. 

Harvard  University  Gazette,  The  Harvard  Graduates'  Magazine, 
The  Independent,  The  New  Church  League  Journal  from  unknown  givers. 

MARSHALL  H.  BAILEY,  Medical  Adviser. 


APPENDIX 


307 


TABLE   I.  —  Illness  Report,  1920-2 


Diseases 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May 

June 

Total 

Abscesses 

3 

1 

1 

3 

2 

2 

2 

2 

1 

17 

Appendicitis 

1 

2 

3 

2 

3 

2 

1 

4 

1 

1 

20 

Asthma 

1 

2 

1 

1 

5 

Bronchitis        

7 

9 

10 

9 

5 

17 

5 

2 

64 

Chicken  pox 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

7 

Colds  —  unclassified  .    . 

4 

32 

57 

43 

33 

72 

76 

35 

36 

2 

390 

Coryza      

1 

5 

12 

5 

3 

2 

4 

5 

3 

40 

Debility 

1 

2 

17 

8 

13 

11 

25 

9 

15 

1 

102 

Ear,  of  the 

1 

1 

1 

2 

4 

2 

6 

4 

21 

Encephalitis  lethargica 

2 

2 

Enteritis 

2 

10 

8 

7 

6 

3 

10 

7 

5 

58 

Eye,  of  the 

8 

19 

16 

13 

10 

28 

12 

18 

3 

127 

Frontal  sinus 

2 

3 

2 

5 

4 

5 

4 

4 

29 

Heart,  of  the 

1 

1 

1 

3 

Indigestion 

5 

9 

4 

10 

4 

8 

4 

15 

1 

60 

Infantile  paralysis  .    .    . 

3 

3 

Infections,  localized  .    . 

2 

25 

13 

7 

12 

7 

7 

9 

9 

5 

96 

Influenza 

11 

3 

9 

15 

21 

35 

26 

6 

127 

Insomnia 

2 

3 

2 

2 

1 

1 

4 

16 

Jaundice 

2 

2 

3 

3 

1 

2 

13 

1 

3 

4 

2 

1 

3 

14 

2 
34 

1 
26 

44 

31 

3 
40 

7 

6 

Miscellaneous  Med.   .    . 

3 

14 

27 

24 

250 

Miscellaneous  Surg.  .    . 

4 

28 

33 

31 

27 

34 

32 

39 

26 

13 

267 

1 

2 

3 

4 

2 

12 

Neuritis 

4 

1 

5 

1 

2 

1 

14 

Pharyngitis      

1 

4 

6 

5 

11 

2 

4 

3 

4 

2 

42 

1 

•• 

3 

1 

1 
2 
3 

3 

3 

1 

1 
1 
1 

2 
1 
2 

8 

10 

Rheumatism 

1 

2 

2 

13 

2 

5 

2 

1 

7 

2 

10 

1 

3 

Skin,  of  the 

1 

9 

7 

9 

53 

Teeth,  of  the 

5 

9 

7 

3 

8 

7 

4 

5 

1 

49 

Tonsillitis 

4 

12 

17 

16 

11 

26 

12 

11 

2 

111 

Tuberculosis  . 

1 
8 

4 

1 
6 

9 

1 
7 

•• 

3 

No  diagnosis 

10 

10 

3 

57 

Totals 

22 

198 

274 

220 

263 

249 

372 

236 

237 

41 

78 

2112 

Visits 

8 

259 

128 

81 

298 

334 

381 

195 

275 

2037 

Office  consultations  med. 

28 

299 

319 

190 

348 

319 

457 

330 

347 

122 

2759 

Office  consultations  surg. 

181 

173 

111 

170 

125 

156 

129 

178 

63 

1306 

Total  No.  consultations 

56 

739 

620 

382 

816 

778 

994 

654 

800 

263 

6102 

Cases  not  seen  by  the  Medical  Adviser      670 


308 


APPENDIX 


TABLE  II. — Illness  Report  as  Related  to  the 
Different  Schools 


Diseases 


Abscesses 

Appendicitis 

Asthma 

Bronchitis 

Chicken  pox 

Colds  —  unclassified 

Coryza 

Debility 

Ear,  of  the      

Encephalitis  lethargica 

Enteritis 

Eye,  of  the      

Frontal  sinus 

Heart,  of  the 

Indigestion 

Infantile  paralysis     .    . 
Infections,  localized     . 

Influenza 

Insomnia 

Jaundice 

Laryngitis 

Measles 

Miscellaneous  Med.  .    . 
Miscellaneous  Surg. 

Mumps ■ .    . 

Neuritis 

Pharyngitis 

Pleuritis 

Pneumonia 

Rheumatism 

Scarlet  Fever      .... 

Skin,  of  the 

Teeth,  of  the      .    .    .    . 

Tonsillitis 

Tuberculosis 

No  diagnosis 


Totals 


College 


No.  of  Students     .... 
Percent,  of  Illness     .    .    . 
No.  of  Students  at  Infir- 
mary      

Percent,  of  Infirmary  Cases 


106 

4 

16 

4 

1 

18 

25 

11 

1 

10 


450 


621 

72 

120 
19 


409 


579 

70 

94 
16 


13 


17 


12 


20    24 


10 


433 


17 


218 


610 
70 

92 
15 


341 
63 

52 
14 


47 


214 
21 

18 
8 


126 


279 
45 


(J5  </> 

<B    O 


102 
73 


181 


944 
19 

119 
12 


86 


505 
17 


57 


442 
12 


23 


50    371  17 
9 


17 

20 

5 

64 

7 

390 

40 

102 

21 

2 

58 

127 

29 

3 

60 

^3 

96 

127 

16 

13 

14 

6 

250 

267 

12 

14 

42 

8 

10 

13 

3 

53 

49 

111 

3 

57 

2112 


APPENDIX  309 

TABLE   III 
STILLMAN   INFIRMARY 

List  of  Cases,  1920-21 

Abscesses 17        Laryngitis      3 

Appendicitis 14        Measles 4 

Asthma 1        Miscellaneous  Medical 46 

Bronchitis      21        Miscellaneous  Surgical 127 

Colds  —  unclassified 96        Mumps 12 

Coryza 10        Neuritis      4 

Debility 20        Pharyngitis 15 

Ear,  of  the 7        Pleuritis 5 

Encephalitis  lethargica 1         Pneumonia 9 

Enteritis 10         Rheumatism      11 

Eye,  of  the 2         Scarlet  Fever 1 

Frontal  Sinus 1         Skin,  of  the 8 

Indigestion 8        Teeth,  of  the 4 

Infantile  paralysis 1         Tonsillitis 38 

Infections  —  localized 59        Tuberculosis 1 

Influenza 87        No  diagnosis      16 

Insomnia 11               Total 677 

Jaundice 7 

Room  patients 136 

Ward  patients 254 

Total 677 

Discharged — well 413 

"             relieved 254 

"             not  relieved 9 

Transferred  to  another  hospital 1 

Total 677 

Total  number  of  hospital  days 3830 

Daily  average 14.23 

Total  number  of  operations 44 

Operations  for  appendicitis      9 


310  APPENDIX 

PHYSICAL  EDUCATION 

To  the  President  of  the  University:  — 

Sir,  —  I  have  the  honor  of  presenting  the  report  of  the  Department  of 
Physical  Education  for  the  year  1920-21. 

Prescribed  Physical  Training  for  Freshmen 

The  program,  consisting  of  participation  in  general  athletic  exercise  and 
attendance  at  a  course  of  hygiene  lectures,  adopted  and  put  in  operation 
for  the  first  time  during  the  year  1919-20,  was  continued  along  the  same 
general  lines  in  1920-21.  The  majority  of  the  members  of  the  class  again 
elected  participation  in  exercise  with  members  of  the  organized  athletic 
squads.  With  the  exception  of  a  few  men  who  presented  adequate  excuses 
the  53  members  of  the  class  who  could  not  swim  at  the  beginning  of  the 
year  were  taught  to  swim.  In  the  dormitory  competitions  scheduled  for 
all  sports,  Smith  Halls  won  the  all-round  athletic  championship  during 
the  autumn  and  winter  seasons.  Standish  was  the  winner  of  the  spring 
competition.  The  records  of  the  various  competitions  were  engraved  on 
the  J.  Isidor  Straus  trophies  installed  in  the  common  rooms  at  the  dormi- 
tories. 

A  part  of  the  medical  and  physical  examination  of  Freshmen  conducted 
in  Dr.  Lee's  office  was  a  classification  of  all  men  with  reference  to  bodily 
mechanics.  In  the  class  of  1924,  29  per  cent  of  the  members  were  in  the 
"D"  group.  These  men  either  had  very  bad  posture,  or  poor  mechanical 
use  of  their  feet.  Most  of  such  physical  defects  are  the  result  of  poor 
physical  education  and  training.  During  the  indoor  season  men  in  the 
"D"  class  reported  in  small  groups  at  the  Freshman  Athletic  Building 
for  special  instruction  and  corrective  exercise.  Of  the  161  men  reporting 
for  corrective  exercise,  all  but  11  gave  evidence  of  a  distinct  improvement 
at  the  end  of  the  year.  Eighty-two  were  promoted  to  the  C  group;  64 
to  the  B  group  and  4  to  the  A  section.  The  marked  improvement  made 
by  most  men  in  the  corrective  exercise  sections  and  the  voluntary  return 
of  some  of  them  when  their  prescribed  schedule  was  completed  gave 
evidence  of  the  worthwhileness  of  this  part  of  the  Freshman  program. 

Voluntary  Exercise 

A  variety  of  exercise,  including  squash,  handball,  basketball,  boxing, 
swimming,  wrestling,  fencing  and  gymnasium  class  work,  was  made  avail- 
able to  upper  classmen  and  students  in  the  graduate  schools.  An  attend- 
ance census  of  men  using  the  exercise  facilities  was  taken  during  the  first 
week  in  March.  The  weekly  attendance  was  7,153.  The  corresponding 
record  for  the  previous  year  was  6,703.  During  the  past  year  1,500  lockers 
were  rented  at  the  Hemenway  Gymnasium,  University  Squash  Courts 
and  the  Big  Tree  Swimming  Pool  in  comparison  with  1,288  rented  during 
the  previous  year,  and  953  representing  the  largest  number  rented  in  any 
one  year  (1909)  during  ten  years  previous  to  the  war.  Receipts  from 
lockers  were  $4,500  as  against  $3,866  for  1919-20,  and  $2,354  for  1909. 
In  view  of  the  fact  that  Freshman  figures  were  excluded  from  the  locker 
accounts,  it  is  quite  apparent  there  has  been  a  rapid  growth  in  the  number 
of  men  who  take  regular  exercise. 


APPENDIX  311 


Facilities  for  Exercise 


At  the  Hemenway  Gymnasium  a  basement  room  was  altered  to  pro- 
vide space  for  five  handball  courts.  This  building,  as  well  as  the  Squash 
Courts  and  the  Big  Tree  Swimming  Pool,  was  used  to  capacity.  During 
part  of  the  winter  there  was  a  waiting  list  of  the  names  of  men  who  wished 
to  secure  a  locker  at  the  Big  Tree  Swimming  Pool.  Although  a  great  many 
Freshmen  wanted  to  elect  swimming  for  their  exercise  during  the  winter, 
the  department  was  compelled,  through  lack  of  ample  facilities,  to  re- 
strict the  use  of  the  pool  on  Freshman  days  to  men  who  were  just  learn- 
ing to  swim.  Squash  became  such  a  popular  form  of  exercise  that  the 
courts  were  in  constant  demand.  To  help  meet  the  congestion  at  the 
Squash  Courts  Building,  funds  are  needed  to  provide  five  or  six  additional 
squash  courts.  Squash  is  one  of  the  best  forms  of  indoor  exercise  because 
it  provides  a  lot  of  vigorous  physical  activity  in  a  short  period  of  time. 
It  is  also  one  of  the  few  sports  that  men  engage  in  after  leaving  college. 

With  the  exception  of  tennis,  the  facilities  for  outdoor  exercise  are  quite 
ample  at  the  present  time.  The  seventeen  tennis  courts  at  Soldiers  Field 
are,  through  the  cooperation  of  the  Harvard  Athletic  Association,  reserved 
for  Freshmen.  They  were  used  to  capacity  by  men  in  four  different  sec- 
tions meeting  on  Monday,  Wednesday  and  Friday  afternoons.  Tennis, 
like  squash,  is  one  of  the  best  general  exercise  activities.  Additional 
courts  ought  to  be  provided,  either  on  Soldiers  Field,  or  on  land  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  Freshman  dormitories. 

The  more  general  participation  in  wholesome  physical  exercise  on  the 
part  of  upper  class  students  and  men  in  the  graduate  schools  continues 
to  emphasize  the  fact  that  the  present  facilities  for  indoor  exercise  are 
inadequate.  Men  in  the  Freshman  classes  are  getting  the  habit  of  regular 
physical  exercise.  Suitable  provision  for  the  exercise  of  that  habit  ought 
to  be  made  available  for  students  in  their  Sophomore,  Junior,  and  Senior 
years. 

Extension  Activities 

Harvard  men  occupying  important  school  positions  in  this  vicinity  are 
constantly  searching  for  candidates  who  are  qualified  to  organize  and 
direct  or  assist  in  the  direction  of  physical  education  programs.  Provi- 
sion for  the  preparation  of  students  along  this  line  was  made  in  the  Grad- 
uate School  of  Education  in  the  fall  of  1920.  Graduate  students  who  take 
courses  in  the  field  of  physical  education  have  an  opportunity  for  normal 
practice  in  connection  with  the  prescribed  physical  training  program  for 
Freshmen,  and  the  wide  range  of  voluntary  exercise  activities  organized 
for  upper  class  students  and  men  in  the  graduate  schools. 

The  percentages  representing  the  number  of  men  in  the  Freshman  Class 
graded  A,  B,  C,  or  D  in  bodily  mechanics  were  compared  with  the  cor- 
responding statistics  for  the  groups  of  men  from  schools  that  sent  six 
or  more  students  to  the  class  of  1924.  These  figures  were  sent  to  the  head 
masters  and  physical  directors  of  the  schools  concerned.  The  replies  re- 
ceived from  different  school  men,  the  requests  for  bodily  mechanics  charts 
and  the  conferences  held  with  representatives  from  some  of  the  schools 
indicated  a  real  desire  on  the  part  of  neighboring  schools  to  improve  this 
part  of  their  physical  training  program. 


312 


APPENDIX 


Under  Mr.  Kelly's  supervision  a  demonstration  basketball  game  was 
played  in  the  Hemenway  Gymnasium  at  the  beginning  of  the  indoor 
season.  Over  200  coaches,  managers,  and  athletic  directors,  representing 
schools  and  colleges  in  New  England,  attended  the  meeting.  The  object 
of  the  game  was  to  secure  a  uniform  interpretation  of  the  rules  governing 
this  important  indoor  sport.  Mr.  Kelly  and  Mr.  Wachter,  coach  of  the 
basketball  team,  also  conducted  similar  demonstrations  in  four  nearby 
cities. 

WILLIAM  H.  GEER, 
Director  of  Physical  Education. 


APPENDIX  313 

REPORT  OF  THE  APPOINTMENT  OFFICE 

Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences 

To  the  President  of  the  University  :  — 

Sir,  —  As  Dean  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  which  has  charge 
of  the  Appointment  Office,  I  have  the  honor  of  submitting  to  you  the 
report  of  that  office  for  the  academic  year  1920-21. 

As  the  Appointment  Office  has  no  official  connection  with  any  Faculty 
in  the  University  except  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  this  report  does 
not  profess  to  cover  appointments  from  the  professional  schools.  Such 
appointments  from  those  schools,  however,  as  are  reported  to  the  Harvard 
Appointment  Office  are  noted  in  this  report.  Such  appointments  to 
medical  positions  as  are  recognized  in  this  report  were  made  through  the 
Division  of  Medical  Sciences  under  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences  and 
obviously  do  not  represent  the  Medical  School  of  Harvard  University. 

L.  B.  R.  BRIGGS. 


To  the  Dean  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences  :  — 

The  accompanying  chart  shows  that  the  report  of  the  Appointment 
Office  for  1920-21  has  been  made  after  a  study  of  all  the  reports  rendered 
during  the  years  1903-20  by  the  Appointment  Office  to  the  President  of 
the  University.  The  chart  shows  that  the  greatest  variation  in  the  number 
of  positions  filled  in  any  given  year  does  not  exceed  one  hundred.  The 
figure  129,  for  positions  filled  during  1903-04,  evidently  did  not  represent 
the  total  number  of  educational  positions  filled  through  the  direct  or 
indirect  recommendation  of  the  University.  None  of  these  figures,  cer- 
tainly not  the  most  recent  figure,  188,  for  1920-21,  will  show  the  actual 
number  of  positions  filled  in  this  way.  From  1910,  since  the  University 
Appointment  Office  has  been  directed  by  the  Chairmen  of  the  Divisions 
and  Departments  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  in  cooperation 
with  the  various  graduate  and  professional  schools,  the  variation  of  the 
figures,  except  in  1917-18,  is  comparatively  slight.  The  figures  on  this 
chart  may  also  suggest  one  obvious  fact,  that  Harvard  is  only  one  of  a 
number  of  universities  placing  their  graduates,  that  we  share  the  calls  in 
any  given  year  with  other  institutions  throughout  the  United  States.  If 
conditions  are  normally  wholesome  it  is  not  likely,  therefore,  that  there 
would  be  any  marked  variation  in  figures  during  a  given  stretch  of  years, 
especially  where  the  recommendation  is  naturally  based  on  dareful  study 
of  the  requirements  of  the  position,  and  the  fitness  of  the  candidate. 

There  is  comparatively  slight  variation  in  the  number  of  calls  for  men 
to  fill  positions  of  an  educational  nature  in  the  years  1919-20  and  1920-21: 
1286  requests  in  1919-20,  compared  with  908  requests  in  1920-21,  a  dif- 
ference almost  accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  the  Graduate  School  of 
Education  contributed  340  of  the  calls  reported  in  1919-20,  whereas  in 
the  present  year  the  report  of  the  positions  filled  by  that  School  is  included 
in  the  general  report  of  the  Dean.  One  or  two  facts  which  the  tables 
bring  out  may  be  of  interest.  For  instance,  in  Ancient  Languages,  whereas 


314  APPENDIX 

in  1919-20  we  had  29  calls,  in  1920-21  we  had  52  calls;  whereas  in  1919-20 
we  were  able  to  fill  4  Classical  positions,  in  1920-21  we  filled  9.  In  the 
Department  of  English,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  we  had  a  very  small 
number  of  Masters  of  Arts  registering  for  instructor  ships,  and  also  that 
an  unusually  large  number  of  Harvard  men  were  either  carrying  on 
further  graduate  study  or  unable  for  one  reason  or  another  to  be  moved, 
we  were  able  to  place  51  men  in  positions  when  we  had  176  calls,  whereas 
in  1919-20  we  were  able  to  place  only  43  men  when  we  had  182  calls.  The 
demand  in  Romance  Languages  is  normal  except  that  perhaps  there  is  less 
emphasis  on  the  need  of  teachers  of  Spanish  alone  than  there  has  been  in 
the  last  five  years.  The  demand  on  the  University  for  teachers  of  science 
and  mathematics  has  been  steadily  growing,  and  the  demand  during  the 
present  year  is  far  in  excess  of  the  supply  of  men.  The  difficulty  in  ad- 
vancing scientific  men  hardly  needs  explanation.  The  salaries  offered  in 
most  of  the  positions  do  not  attract  men  of  attainments  who  until  the 
last  year  have  been  too  eagerly  sought  for  research  in  industrial  firms. 
The  same  difference  between  demand  and  supply  is  true  in  a  marked  de- 
gree in  the  Division  of  History,  Government,  and  Economics.  We  could 
place  and  place  again  almost  any  number  of  trained  scholars  in  political 
theory,  as  in  all  the  branches  of  historical  and  economic  study.  We  can 
never  meet  the  demand  for  teachers  of  ancient  history  or  of  European 
history.  The  Department  of  Social  Ethics,  besides  the  requests  reported 
through  the  office  of  the  Harvard  Alumni  Association,  records  17  calls 
for  men  to  fill  specific  positions  requiring  a  training  for  social  service,  with 
salaries  ranging  from  $1200  to  $4200,  and  in  addition,  general  requests 
for  "as  many  good  men  as  you  can  supply."  The  table  shows  how  many 
men  were  placed. 

The  School  of  Business  Administration  reports  18  calls  for  teachers,  and 
out  of  these,  2  positions  filled.  The  Engineering  School  has  not  been  able 
to  keep  track  of  their  calls,  but  has  reported  2  teaching  positions  filled. 

As  has  been  suggested  before,  the  Appointment  Office  of  the  School  of 
Education  is,  under  the  new  organization,  working  now  more  independ- 
ently of  this  central  office  than  formerly.  We  are  finding  this  separation 
actually  a  means  of  closer  cooperation,  since  we  definitely  refer  to  the 
School  all  positions  of  an  administrative  nature  in  public  school  work, 
and  confer  with  the  School  concerning  various  types  of  positions  the  con- 
trol of  the  recommendation  for  which  we  may  wish  to  keep  in  our  own 
hands.  We  are  feeling  the  effect  at  Harvard  of  the  long  struggle  which 
Professor  Hanus  has  made  to  present  throughout  the  country  the  case 
for  the  systematic  professional  training  of  teachers.  This  office  is  finding 
it  more  and  more  difficult  to  enlist  the  interest  of  headmasters  in  seniors 
without  experience,  and  without  training  through  courses  in  Education. 
Practice  teaching  and  study  under  professors  in  the  School  of  Education 
often  gives  seniors  their  first  chance  to  teach.  To  this  same  influence,  we 
may,  perhaps,  trace  a  different  attitude  on  the  part  of  seniors  going  into 
teaching.  In  the  University  Appointment  Office  during  certain  seasons 
of  the  year  a  large  part  of  our  time  is  spent  in  talking  over  with  prospec- 
tive teachers  what  they  plan  to  do,  and  in  discussing  with  men  who  have 
already  taught  their  individual  problems  and  their  reasons  for  discourage- 
ment or  for  encouragement  in  their  work.   The  University  Office  is  often 


APPENDIX 


315 


in  a  position  to  influence  teachers  who  are  unable  to  study  at  the  Uni- 
versity during  the  winter  to  enter  the  Summer  School  of  Education,  and 
by  this  means  to  gain  advancement  in  their  profession. 

One  difference  in  our  registration  which  has  been  marked  this  year  is 
that  whereas  in  1919-20  only  23  seniors  registered  with  the  Office,  in 
1920-21,  perhaps  on  account  of  the  depression  in  business,  44  seniors 
registered.  Of  the  188  positions  filled,  13  are  held  by  members  of  the  class 
of  1921.    Of  the  44  seniors  who  registered,  1  has  entered  the  Graduate 


OS  OS 


2     & 


220    -4— . . . . p-f . -__, . J-*-, j — 1 — . . . _| 

1\            ^r- 

l\->?t 

210                                                                                                 '        V      - 

i        -      u 

t                  -           -4    X 

4                 .71 

200                                                                 — '■                    Z                                         L-     — S 

^                  f.                                                 -J 

v     7-              -■            i- 

1  3 t                      4        t 

i                      :     1      i 

I                                                                  I;            I                  J 

f                            I 

t                             I 

r                                  t 

180                                                             1                                                              I 

i                        : 

i 

i 

170                                                      I 

-1                          t                                    -4 

u    -j           t                        -4 

-it       4^                                                            44 

tX       Ir-             4                                             44 

160               13        II                t                                                      It 

ij    tt      Jr                            jr 

[    rn    I          7                                                If 

t     h4                ^                                                    t 

W       l 

150                        II                 I 

3t-      L     I 

I  " 

H                         W 

4               44 

140         4                   ^£ 

140          +                       ^ 

I 

t 

t 

The  decline  in  numbers  from  210  in  1919-20  to  188  in  1920-21  is  accounted  for  by  the 
fact  that  the  Graduate  School  of  Education,  which  last  year  sent  us  the  record  of  23  positions, 
is  this  year  making  a  separate  report. 


316 


APPENDIX 


si«»ox 


a     in     ih         eooo         ■* 


'HIOHHH 


|   :«g'--"300*|  :<N|:-|    «|»j:-«|o 


saiio^oi^ 


siadedsMa^t 


sumasnj\[ 


aoiAiag 
l^ioog  pjdionmj^ 


saiouaSy 
aoiAiag'psioog 


8ClnI0  PnB  suotujQ 


(a^Atij)  tp-reasay; 


stvea.mg;  ipiraasay; 


AaA-ing  psoiSojoa*) 
sa^gpa^raQ 


A'map'Boy  p3A«]^; 
sac^g  pa^iuxi 


£§2««§ 

PhOW 


2S 


APPENDIX 


317 


Ir-Ir-ICT(N|    'Hi 


'l:*  I 


OOOr-lTjl  r-t     |    00 

:"  :    IS 


lo 


Cu    - 
O  w 

o 

o 


U 


If* 


■a 

a*  ■  >< 

2  fl    '    "3 

s*  :  *S 

a      3 

2  fl,ri  •  S  p  w  ►* 

*Mss»2sg 


5  >  §  *  o  g  S»  &  fe_o  9  >>«  S 


£M 


P  5 


is 

.1°°  * 

+3  bo  a 

g   P   o 

+»    i?  <« 

•s      ^ 

•3 -Si 
3w  8 

to     >>J 

"55    g    ^ 
3  .g    ea 


"3  ° 

bflCQ 


8  5 


£<5g 


2*1 


O     03 


b-°  s  s 

J3  «a  '53  t3 
^  2  S  a 
s  >  "  s 

-  «>   d    2 

S   a   o   A 

;£  '55  "a  § 
Soon 

CO    rH      U      P. 


-d  -9 


^2  <a 

a  .s 

«w  ««  p  -n 
O  O  15  H 


318 


APPENDIX 


SnOTSIAIQ  JOJ  fB^OJ, 


sa^g  joj  p^O£ 

»0                      tH 

•   CO   (N    »0   H    IO  ^    r-l 

SaTJO^OB^ 

sjadBdsAva^i 

•"4 

sranasnj^ 

" 

aOTAJ8g 

l^ioog  fBdpiunp\[ 

*"4 

saiouaSy 
eoTAJag'iBtoog 

1—1 

sclnIO  P1113  suoiuq 
I'Buop'Boripa; 

(a^BAiJj)  tiojEasau 

r— ' 

'   ' 

snuajng  ip.njasa'jj 

1—1 

'   ' 

X9Ajng  iBoxSopa*") 
sa^g'pa^nift 

r— ' 

sa!j/B^g  pa^tuj} 

•"4 

spoqog  paMopug 
ao  a^BAiJj; 

•        •        •        •    TtH    t-H        •    CO    <N        • 

.    C*        •    1-4        -        •        •        • 

S[ooipg  oiiqnj 

•         •    tH        •    <<tf         •         •    (M         •         • 

•          •          •     rH          •     <N          •          • 

S[Ooqog  p3u^enpuj 
puB  ssautsTig 

•"4 

sjooqog  pjoiutpaj, 

•         •        •         •    «tf 

C<J       • 

sjooqog  iBDipaj^ 

S839JIOQ 
ptIB  S8t^TSI8AIUfl 

•    CO    lO        •    TH    rH    (M    OS        •    »0 

•   CO   H   CO   N    H 

%  9 


52    o 


.2  p 


0)    P4 

§  £  * 


c3 


^.2    03 
&    bCT3 

&-■   o   5; 
o   v  £ 


APPENDIX 


319 


i-h<N<N       -OiOa)iO»0^0(N 


05 


OO^OO^IOCOClNHH         •    i-H     i— 1    H 


Is 


6 


o 

js  -  & 


o 
a 

.§'8 

T3   ten 
08   S 


.§ 4  1 •§  |  i  | I  1 1 1| -a M  * 


o 

§1 

tea 


o£ 


320  APPENDIX 

School,  2  have  entered  the  Law  School,  7  have  gone  into  business,  and  9 
were  placed  in  teaching  by  outside  agencies  or  by  friends.  There  were 
three  reasons  why  we  could  not  place  the  registered  members  of  the  class 
of  1921  who  are  not  accounted  for  in  these  tables :  their  lack  of  training, 
their  failure  to  make  a  high  enough  record  in  the  studies  which  they  offered 
to  teach,  and  their  late  registration. 

Twenty-five  years  have  passed  since  the  organization  in  1896  of  the 
original  Appointment  Committee,  consisting  of  twenty-two  members 
representing  each  Department  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences.  One 
sentence  in  the  original  statement  of  the  Committee  is  striking:  the  lists 
of  teachers  kept  by  the  Appointment  Office  "include  not  only  those  who 
are  unemployed  at  the  time  of  registration,  but  also  those  who  desire  to 
be  transferred  to  other  positions."  President  Eliot  never  failed  to  keep 
before  the  Office  the  importance  not  only  of  placing  a  man  for  the  first 
time,  but  of  keeping  in  mind  his  continued  advancement.  The  organiza- 
tion of  the  original  Committee  shows  what  conception  the  Faculty  had 
of  the  importance  of  the  undertaking,  and  the  original  documents  of  the 
office  show  what  personal  care  and  attention  the  various  members  of  that 
Committee  gave  to  the  actual  details  of  the  work. 

At  the  end  of  twenty-five  years  we  find  the  Chairmen  of  the  Divisions 
and  Departments,  who  direct  the  work  of  the  Office,  and  the  Deans  of  the 
graduate  and  professional  schools,  no  longer  giving  time  and  attention  to 
the  details  of  the  work,  but  meeting  representatives  from  other  universities 
and  young  scholars  who  are  candidates  for  advancement;  always  ready  to 
be  interrupted  in  the  midst  of  their  pressing  administrative  work  for  dis- 
cussion of  some  small  point  which  may  seem  to  the  Office  staff  important 
enough  to  warrant  this  interruption.  This  intimate  relation  between  our 
Faculty  and  the  Office,  between  our  Faculty  and  the  Faculties  of  other 
institutions,  can  be  maintained  only  if  the  University  Appointment  Office 
is  able  to  help  the  Faculty  by  becoming  a  trustworthy  bureau  of  informa- 
tion. We  are  fortunate  enough  not  only  to  have  the  good  will  of  our  own 
Faculty  and  the  Faculties  of  many  other  universities,  but  in  a  marked 
degree,  the  good  will  of  Harvard  men  everywhere.  Thus  we  are  in  a 
position  to  obtain  from  Harvard  scholars  studying  in  the  Widener  Library, 
or  visiting  the  Appointment  Office  in  search  of  teachers,  first-hand  knowl- 
edge of  the  movements  and  publications  of  Harvard  men  throughout  the 
country.  We  now  need  to  increase  our  facilities  for  reaching  the  Harvard 
teachers  who  are  less  frequently  in  the  neighborhood.  We  are  often  at  a 
loss  when  really  good  opportunities  come  for  men  to  teach  in  foreign  coun- 
tries. Yet  scholars  are  needed  to  represent  us  abroad.  With  the  number 
of  Harvard  men  acting  as  headmasters  in  important  private  schools,  we 
ought  also  to  be  able  to  place  more  of  our  young  teachers  in  boarding  and 
day  schools.  The  present  opportunity  of  sharing  with  the  Office  of  the 
School  of  Education  the  responsibility  for  the  recommendation  of  teach- 
ers, and  in  certain  cases  of  throwing  upon  that  School  the  responsibility 
which  the  University  Appointment  Office  formerly  sustained,  ought  to 
enable  us,  if  the  University  will  support  our  staff,  to  make  this  new  develop- 
ment of  a  bureau  of  information  a  means  of  rendering  the  Office  more 
valuable. 


APPENDIX 


321 


TABLE  OF  INSTITUTIONS 


Number 
of  CaUs 
Direct 


Number 
of  Calls 
through 
Agencies 


Number 
of  Posi- 
tions 
Filled 


Number 
of  Sala- 
ries 
Reported 


Aggregate 
Salaries 
Reported 


Universities  and  Colleges 

Medical  Schools 

Divinity  Schools 

Technical  Schools 

Business  and  Industrial  Schools 

Normal  Schools 

Junior  Colleges 

Public  Schools 

Private  or  Endowed  Schools .  .  . 
United  States  Naval  Academy  . 
United  States  Geological  Survey 

Research  Bureaus 

Research  (Private) 

Public  Health  Service 

State  Board  of  Education 

Educational  Unions  and  Clubs  . 

Social  Service  Agencies 

Municipal  Social  Service 

Community  Service 

Museums 

Newspapers 

Factories 

Totals 


537 

4 

1 
33 

4 
15 

3 

62 

217 

3 

1 

2 

2 

3 

3 

5 

5 

1 
Indef.  no. 

5 

1 

1 


908 


35 


92 


121 
3 


188* 


150 


$214,300 
3,700 

13,025 


6 

10,516 

29 

52,300 

1 

2,800 

1 

715 

1 

120 

1 

3,000 

3,800 


1,040 
525 


$305,841 


*  Of  the  above  188  positions  23  were  filled  as  the  result  of  letters  written  at  the  request  of  the 
candidate  or  the  institution ;  2  men  have  had  to  resign  from  positions  ;  2  were  filled  by  students 
in  the  Summer  School. 


We  cannot  close  this  report,  which  has  attempted  to  look  back  over  a 
long  stretch  of  years,  without  expressing  our  continued  appreciation  not 
only  of  the  services  of  our  own  Faculty,  but  of  the  cooperation  and  loyalty 
of  the  men  registered,  and  of  the  courtesy  and  consideration  shown  us  by 
the  Faculties  of  the  various  universities,  colleges,  and  schools  with  which 
we  deal. 

HARVARD  APPOINTMENT  OFFICE. 


322  APPENDIX 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  FOR  STUDENT 
EMPLOYMENT 

To  the  President  of  the  University:  — 

Sir,  —  The  following  report,  submitted  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Stu- 
dents' Employment  Office,  describes  the  work  of  that  office  for  the  year 
1920-21. 

The  earnings  for  the  year  (exclusive  of  $26,778.56  the  amount  made  by 
students  employed  by  the  Athletic  Association  and  by  student  waiters 
at  the  Harvard  Union)  were  $70,082.12,  a  decrease  of  $7,744.84  over  the 
year  1919-20.  This  decrease  was  probably  due  to  the  business  depression 
of  the  spring  and  summer. 

It  is  of  interest  to  note  that  in  the  academic  year  1914-15,  which  opened 
shortly  after  the  beginning  of  the  World  War,  the  amount  earned  by 
students  in  term-time  decreased  by  over  $18,000  from  the  previous  year; 
and  that,  with  the  exception  of  the  year  1916-17,  there  was  a  still  further 
decrease  until  the  end  of  the  year  1918-19.  In  the  past  two  years  the 
earnings  of  students  have  increased  annually  by  more  than  $20,000  but 
are  still  far  behind  those  for  1913-14. 

Statistics  with  regard  to  the  amount  of  money  earned  during  the  sum- 
mer for  the  years  mentioned  do  not  show  such  a  great  decrease  until  the 
summer  just  closed  when,  because  of  financial  conditions,  they  fell  off  by 
several  thousand  dollars. 

During  the  past  year  four  different  men  have  had  charge  of  the  Office. 
At  the  end  of  October  Mr.  Morris  Gray,  Jr.,  who  had  been  secretary  for 
nine  years,  was  obliged  because  of  ill  health  to  give  up  his  work;  and  until 
July  1,  1921,  Mr.  David  Little,  Jr.,  and  Mr.  Charles  Jackson  were  tem- 
porarily in  charge. 

1919-20         1920-21 

Men  registered  for  Term-time  work 521  536 

Men  who  secured  Term-time  work  of  whom  many 
secured  more  than  one  position 260  250 

Men  registered  for  Summer  work 564  737 

Men   who   secured   Summer   work   of   whom   many 
secured  more  than  one  position 122  126 

The  division  of  registration  among  the  Departments  of  the  University 
is  as  follows : 

Term-time     Summer 

College 325  443 

Engineering  School 23  23 

Graduate  School 56  93 

Business  School 36  16 

Dental  School 6  9 

Divinity  School 3  5 

Law  School 76  119 

Medical  School 3  22 

Specials 8  7 

Total 536  737 

Total  number  of  men  registered  in  the  Office,  1920-21,  1273,  including 
128  men  who  registered  for  both  Term-time  and  Summer  work. 


APPENDIX 


328 


TERM-TIME  EMPLOYMENT.  —  September  20,  1920- June  25,  1921 


Kinds  of  Employment 


No.  of  Men 
Employed 


Amount  Earned 


Average 
Amount 
Earned 


Accountant 

Agent 

Boys'  Club  Leader .  .  . 

Caretaker 

Cataloguer 

Chauffeur 

Choreman 

Clerk 

/oach 

Companion 

Computer 

Corrector 

distributer 

)raf  tsman 

]ditorial  Work 

Errands . . . 

farmer 

Jardener 

ruide 

Hotel  Clerk 

Janitor 

Librarian 

Miscellaneous 

Monitors 

Musician 

Newspaper  Work .... 

Proctor 

Publicity  Work 

Reader 

Room  for  Services 

Salesman , 

Statistical  Work 

Stenographer 

Switchboard  Operator 

Translator 

Tutor 

Tutor  Companion 
Typewriting  Bureau .  . 

Usher 

Waiter 

Total 


1 

1 

6 

2 

1 

14 

33 

58 

8 

2 

1 

5 

3 

3 

1 

4 

5 

10 

13 

1 

6 

6 

13 

158 

15 

1 

72 

1 

5 

6 

7 

3 

7 

1 

6 

30 

5 

31 

21 

11 


$15.00 

75.00 

626.00 

96.00 

17.89 

1,548.38 

397.20 

2,176.38 

2,694.00 

200.00 

15.75 

315.00 

26.60 

87.50 

500.00 

7.85 

75.00 

94.12 

129.25 

150.50 

815.60 

1,044.40 

362.00 

1,976.75 

219.00 

224.00 

3,407.05 

120.00 

115.85 

450.00 

140.00 

55.25 

750.54 

72.00 

300.25 

7,280.57 

10,775.00 

1,865.69 

66.00 

2,006.00 


$15.00 
75.00 

104.33 
48.00 
17.89 

110.59 
12.04 
37.52 

336.75 

100.00 

15.75 

63.00 

8.86 

29.16 

500.00 

1.96 

15.00 

9.41 

9.94 

150.50 

135.93 

174.06 
27.84 
12.54 
14.60 

224.00 
47.45 

120.00 
23.17 
75.00 
20.00 
18.41 

107.22 
72.00 
50.04 

242.69 

2,155.00 

60.19 

3.14 

182.35 


577* 


$41,293.37 


*  Many  of  these  men  secured  more  than  one  kind  of  employment. 


324 


APPENDIX 


SUMMER  EMPLOYMENT.  —  June  25,  1921-September  26,  1921 


Kinds  of  Employment 


No.  of  Men 
Employed 


Amount  Earned 


Average 
Amount 
Earned 


Advertising 

Agent 

Bookkeeper 

Camp  Counselor 

Caretaker 

Chauffeur 

Choreman 

Clerk 

Coach 

Companion 

Cook 

Farmer 

Guide 

Hotel  Employee 

Investigation  work 

Miscellaneous 

Proctor 

Room  for  Services 

Salesman 

Secretary 

Swimming  and  Sailing  Instructor 

Translator 

Tutor 

Tutor  Companion 

Typewriter 

Waiter 

Total 


2 
3 
1 

10 
2 
3 
3 
6 
3 
4 
2 
1 
9 
2 
3 
2 

13 
3 
5 
3 
4 
1 

14 

25 
3 
2 


$468.00 

1,095.00 
260.00 

1,900.00 
585.00 
918.50 
227.00 
602.00 

1,200.00 

1,152.50 
760.00 
240.00 

1,374.16 
435.00 
180.00 
9.50 
105.50 
137.50 
778.00 
820.00 

1,751.00 
100.50 

2,840.00 

10,057.00 

410.59 

382.00 


129< 


$28,788.75 


$234.00 
365.00 
260.00 
190.00 
292.50 
306.16 

75.66 
100.33 
400.00 
288.12 
380.00 
240.00 
152.53 
217.50 

60.00 
4.75 
8.12 

45.83 
155.60 
273.33 
437.75 
100.50 
202.86 
402.28 
136.86 
196.00 


*  Some  of  these  men  secured  more  than  one  kind  of  employment. 

In  addition  to  the  preceding  report  the  Harvard  Union  employed 
an  average  of  40  students  each  week  as  waiters. 

Waiters'  pay $9,041.64 

Estimated  board 13,043.00 

Total  amount  earned $22,084.64 

The  Harvard  Athletic  Association  employed  252  students  as 
coaches,  clerks,  ticket  takers,  and  waiters. 

Total  amount  earned 4,693.92 


$26,778.56 


GEORGE  W.  CRAM, 

Secretary  for  Student  Employment. 


APPENDIX  325 


DEGREES    CONFERRED,    1917-21 

1917  1918  1919  1920  1921 

Bachelors  of  Arts 434  246  176  296  321 

Bachelors  of  Arts  out  of  course 49  26  56  100  68 

Bachelors  of  Arts  for  Honorable  Service  in  the 

War 283  237  111 

Bachelors  of  Science 81  22  23  41  57 

Bachelors  of  Science  out  of  course 10  8  10  14  5 

Bachelors  of  Science  for  Honorable  Service  in 

the  War 38  6Q  22 

Bachelors  of  Science  in  Civil  Engineering  ...      16  33  28  1  6 

Bachelors  of  Science  in  Electrical  Engineering  .      22  38  25  6  14 

Bachelors  of  Science  in  Mechanical  Engineering  17  47  40  12  14 
Bachelors  of  Science  in  Sanitary  Engineering  .03521 
Bachelors  of  Science  in  Mining  and  Metallurgy  .86440 

Bachelor  of  Science  in  Industrial  Chemistry  .    .       . .  . .  . .  . .  1 

Bachelor  of  Science  in  Metallurgy . .  . .  . .  1 

Associate  in  Arts 5  1  0  1  2 

Bachelors  of  Divinity 5  0  0  4  2 

Masters  of  Divinity 7  5  3  1  4 

Doctors  of  Theology 0  2  3  0  1 

Bachelors  of  Laws 188  64  33  202  179 

Bachelors  of  Laws  out  of  course 19  15  11  16  16 

Doctors  of  Law 2  3  2  5  9 

Doctors  of  Law  out  of  course 0  2  0  0  0 

Doctors  of  Public  Health 1  2  1  1  2 

Doctors  of  Medicine 67  106  95  95  105 

Doctors  of  Medicine  out  of  course 0  0  3  1  0 

Doctors  of  Dental  Medicine 55  71  60  28  36 

Doctors  of  Dental  Medicine  out  of  course   ...        0  0  18  0  0 

Masters  of  Arts 148  76  30  148  148 

Doctors  of  Philosophy 67  45  24  49  49 

Doctors  of  Science 2  4  1  3  3 

Doctor  of  Engineering      1  0  0  0  0 

Metallurgical  Engineer 1  0  0  0  0 

Mining  Engineer 0  0  0  0  1 

Masters  in  Architecture 6  2  5  2  4 

Masters  in  Landscape  Architecture 3  2  0  4  8 

Masters  in  Forestry 0  1  0  1  0 

Masters  of  Science  in  Botany 2  0  0  1  0 

Master  of  Science  in  Silviculture . .  . .  1  0 

Masters  of  Science  in  Zoology 1  1  0  4  3 

Master  of  Science  in  Applied  Biology       ....        0  1  0  0  0 

Masters  of  Science  in  Civil  Engineering  ....        4  1  0  1  1 

Masters  of  Science  in  Electrical  Engineering  .    .        6  3  0  1  0 

Masters  of  Science  in  Mechanical  Engineering  .12  0  10 

Masters  of  Science  in  Sanitary  Engineering    .    .        2  0  0  0  0 

Master  of  Science  in  Industrial  Chemistry . .  . .  1  0 

Masters  of  Science  in  Electric  Communication 

Engineering . .  . .  . .  6 

Masters  of  Science  in  Sanitary  and  Municipal 

Engineering . .  . .  . .  . .  2 

Masters  of  Science  in  Forestry 0  0  1  0  2 

Masters  of  Science  in  Mining  and  Metallurgy    .110  0  0 

Masters  in  Business  Administration  ......      50  26  4  77  120 

Masters  of  Education .  .  . .  . .  64 

Doctors  of  Education    . . .  . .  . .  5 

Totals  .    .    . 1281  865  982  1427  1393 


328  INDEX 

Exchange  Professors 28, 35 

Exercise,  Facilities  f or  .    .    . 320 

Faculty  of  Aets  and  Sciences,  Report  on 35 

Exchange  Professors     35 

Faculty  Votes 35-40 

Faxon,  Walter,  Death  of 270 

Fogg  Art  Museum,  Report  on 281 

Football 13 

Forbes,  Alexander      28 

Forbes,  Edward  Waldo 28 

Ford,  James 28 

Forestry,  Instruction  in 189 

Freshman  Class 9,  43 

General  Final  Examination 108 

Gifts 28,132,159,166,169,186,201,209,210,220,224,227,235, 

239,  243,  250,  265,  267,  270,  276,  279,  281,  297 

Glass  Flowers 242 

Glee  Club 35 

Goetz,  Robert  Charles  Frederick 11 

Graduate  School  op  Arts  and  Sciences,  Report  on 53 

Birthplaces  of  Students 58 

Classification  of  Students 54 

Colleges  and  Universities  represented 57 

Degrees,  Recommendations  for:  1919-21      59 

Fellows,  Travelling  and  Resident 65 

Fellowships  and  Scholarships 64 

Geographical  Distribution  of  Students 57,  58 

Loan  Fund 68 

Master  of  Arts,  Degree  of 68 

Number  of  Students 54 

Ph.D.'s  of  1921 60 

Students  from  Harvard  and  from  other  Colleges 56,  57,  58 

Use  of  English  by  Students 68 

Graduate  School  of  Business  Administration,  Report  on   .       7, 17, 115 

Additions  to  the  Staff 144 

Bureau  of  Business  Research 131, 150 

Business  Policy,  Course  in 137 

Changes  in  Curriculum 119 

Changes  in  Entrance  Requirements 119, 144 

Colleges  represented     147 

Cooperation  of  Business  Men      146 

Financial  Problems 129 

Higher  Standards 119 

Inadequate  Housing  of  the  School 116 

Increase  of  Tuition  Fee 115, 129 

Intelligence  Tests 119 

Introductory  Lectures 136 

Lecturers 144, 153 

Limitation  of  Numbers 116 

Loan  Funds 130, 145 


INDEX  329 

Orienting  First- Year  Students 135 

Positions  for  Graduates 138 

Problem  Method  of  Instruction 116,130 

Rating  Card 139 

Registration 115 

Resignations 143 

Relation  to  other  Business  Schools 143 

Graduate  School  of  Education,  Report  on 7, 15, 104, 169 

Aims 175 

Birthplaces  of  Students 180 

Blind,  Education  of  the 172 

Bureau  of  Vocational  Guidance 171, 172 

Carpenter,  Miriam  Feronia      175 

Colleges  and  Universities  represented 180 

Committee  on  Appointments 184 

Courses  of  Instruction 182 

Curricula 175 

Degrees 174,179,181 

Enrolment 173, 179 

Extension  Teaching 177 

Laboratory  of  Educational  Psychology 172 

Needs 177 

Physical  Education 173 

Prince  School 174 

Psycho-Educational  Clinic 172 

Scholarships 181 

Summer  School 173 

Gbay  Herbarium,  Report  on 235 

Greenough,  Chester  Noyes 27,  36,  46 

Guy,  Henri 28,35 

Harvard  Athletic  Association 51 

Harvard  College,  Report  on 41 

A.B.  Degree 41 

Academic  Standing,  Publication  of 46 

Administrative  Board 43 

Deaths 41 

Discipline 44 

Enrolment 41 

Freshman  Class,  Increase  in 43 

Holders  of  Scholarships 43 

Number  of  Degrees  granted 42 

Problems  raised  by  the  War 44 

Scholarships 43 

S.B.  Degree 42 

Student  Council 46 

War  Degrees      42, 44 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund 5, 170 

Harvard  Engineering  Camp 113 

Harvard  Forest,  Report  on  the 189 

Harvard  Library  Notes 226 


330  INDEX 

Harvard  Studies  in  Jurisprudence 209 

Harvard  University  Press,  Report  on 288 

Henderson,  Lawrence  Joseph 28 

Higginson,  Henry  Lee 11 

Howard,  William  Guild 28 

Hubbard,  Henry  Vincent 28 

Hudson,  Manley  Ottmer 28 

Hunnewell,  Francis  Welles 14 

Hygiene,  Report  of  the  Professor  of 305 

Illness  Report,  1920-21 307 

Industrial  Cooperation,  Plan  of 112 

International  Games 49 

Jackson,  Robert  Tracy 243,  269 

Jefferson  Physical  Laboratory,  Report  on 251 

Jones,  Grinnell 28 

Law  School,  Report  on 7, 14,  202 

Courses  of  Instruction 206 

Library 208 

Need  of  Revision  of  the  Curriculum 203 

Registration 202,204 

Scholarships 209 

Lecture  System,  Results  of 192 

Library,  Report  on 226 

Accessions 230 

Additions  to  College  Library  Collection 230 

Appendix 230 

Circulation  and  Reference  Department 232 

Departmental  Libraries 230 

Expenses  on  Book  Account,  1916-21 231 

Gifts  of  the  Year 227 

Growth  of  Library 230 

Harvard  Library  Notes 226 

Special  Reference  Libraries      231 

Limitation  of  Numbers 17, 116 

McKay,  Gordon 28 

Mandeville  Station 260 

Marine  Biological  Laboratory,  Woods  Hole 273 

Mark,  Edward  Laurens 26 

May  Prizes 145 

Medical  Adviser,  Report  of 306 

Medical  School  Scholarships,  Report  of  Director  of 225 

Medicine,  Faculty  of,  Report  on 8, 17,  210 

Changes  in  the  Faculty 216 

Coordination  of  Activities 215,  217 

General  Examination 217 

Graduate  Students 218 

Investigations 217 

Registration 218 

School  of  Public  Health 210 

Tropical  Medicine 217 


INDEX  331 

Military  Training 11,51 

Morning  Prayers 233 

Morse,  John  Lovett 26 

Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  Report  on 266 

Nova  Scotia,  Botanical  Expedition  to 237 

Observatory,  Report  on 257 

Old  Plan  Admission  Examinations 300 

Parker,  George  Howard 28 

Parks,  Marion  Edwards 298 

Peabody,  Francis  Weld 28,  217 

Peabody  Museum  op  American  Archaeology  and  Ethnology,  Re- 
port on 274 

Phillips  Brooks  House  Association 234 

Phillips  Library 262 

Physical  Colloquium 251 

Physical  Education,  Report  of  the  Director  of 310 

Physical  Training  of  Freshmen 305,  310 

Platner,  John  Winthrop,  Death  of     26, 190 

Predigested  Mental  Nourishment 23 

Problems,  Teaching  by 18, 116, 130 

Project  Method  of  Teaching 24 

Psychological  Laboratory,  Report  on 255 

Public  Health,  School  of 16,  210 

Radclipfe  College,  Report  on 39,  295 

Reserve  Officers'  Training  Corps 11,  51 

Resignations 26,143,178,252,284 

Riddle,  Lincoln  Ware,  Death  of 26 

Rockefeller  Foundation 16 

Salaries,  Increase  of .         5 

Schaub,  Lincoln  Frederick 27 

Schiff,  Jacob  Henry,  Death  of 279 

Schloss,  Oscar  Menderson 27,  216 

School  of  Architecture,  Report  on     15, 157 

Accessions  to  Library 159 

Colleges  and  Universities  represented 157 

Degrees  conferred 158 

Enrolment  in  Courses 157 

Fellowships  and  Scholarships 158 

Joint  Problems  in  Design 159 

Medals  and  Prizes,  Award  of 158 

Registration 157 

Summer  School  Courses 158 

School  of  Landscape  Architecture,  Report  on 15, 161 

Accessions  to  Library  and  Collections 166 

American  Students'  Reconstruction  Association 167 

Colleges  and  Universities  represented 161 

Council  of  the  School,  Members  of 164 

Degrees  conferred 163 

Enrolment  in  Courses 162 

Fellowships 162 


332  INDEX 

School  of  Landscape  Architecture,  Report  on  (continued). 

Kimball,  Theodora 166 

Needs  of  the  School 168 

Registration 161 

Trophy  Competition 165 

Visiting  Committee 168 

Schwab,  George 276 

Searle,  Arthur,  Death  of 25,  257 

Semitic  Museum,  Report  on      279 

Shapley,  Harlow 27,  257 

Sheldon,  Edward  Stevens 26 

Smith,  Charles  Morton 28 

Smith,  Jeremiah,  Death  of 25 

Smith,  Larned  Linn,  Death  of 26 

Soldiers  Field 11 

Spalding,  Walter  Raymond 28 

Special  Students    . 294 

Stillman  Infirmary 305, 309 

Student  Advisers 40 

Student  Council 46 

Student  Employment,  Report  of  Secretary  of 322 

Summer  Employment 324 

Summer  School  of  Arts  and  Sciences  and  of  Education  .  38, 104,  290 

Thompson,  Frank  Victor,  Death  of 178 

Tozzer,  Alfred  Marston 28 

Tuition  Fee,  Increase  of 5,  68, 115, 129 

Tutorial  System 6,108 

Unclassified  Students 10 

University  Extension,  Report  on 290 

University  Press,  see  Harvard  University  Press. 

Visiting  Professors 28, 35 

Voluntary  Exercise 319 

War  Degrees 42,  44 

Ware,  Mary  Lee 242 

Wendell,  Barrett,  Death  of 25 

Whitney,  William  Fiske,  Death  of 26 

Widener  Library 226 

Wilson,  Ernest  Henry 244 

Winship,  George  Parker 226 

Women,  Instruction  for 39 

Wulf,  Maurice  de .       27 

Yeomans,  Henry  Aaron 27,  36 

Zabel,  H 245 

Zoological  Laboratory,  Report  on 271 


Treasurer's  Statement 


CONTENTS 


Exhibit     A . 
B. 

C. 
D. 
E. 
F. 

Schedule   1. 


4. 
5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 


12. 

13. 

14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 


PAGE 

Balance  Sheet, 6 

Consolidated  Statement  of  Income  and  Expenditure,     .    .  8 

Income  and  Expenditure  by  Departments, 10 

Reserves  for  Depreciation  and  Maintenance 14 

Gifts  for  Capital, 15 

Gifts  for  Immediate  Use, 28 

Special  Investments, 58 

Securities  —  General  Investments, 79 

Land  and  Buildings — General  Investments, 89 

Funds  and  Gifts, 91 

Part  I.      General  Suspense,  Credit  Balances, 178 

Part  II.    General  Suspense,  Debit  Balances, 179 

University,  Income  and  Expenditure, 181 

College,  Income  and  Expenditure, 188 

Library,  Income  and  Expenditure, 199 

Summer  Schools,  Income  and  Expenditure, 205 

Engineering  School,  Income  and  Expenditure, 207 

Graduate  School  of  Business  Administration,  Income  and 

Expenditure, 209 

Schools  of  Architecture   and   Landscape   Architecture, 

Income  and  Expenditure, 212 

Divinity  School,  Income  and  Expenditure, 215 

Law  School,  Income  and  Expenditure, 218 

Graduate  School  of  Education,  Income  and  Expenditure,  220 

Medical  School,  Income  and  Expenditure, 223 

Medical   School,    Courses   for   Graduates,   Income   and 

Expenditure, 229 

Medical  School,  Heat  and  Power  Plant,  Income  and  Ex- 
penditure,      230 

Collis  P.  Huntington  Memorial  Hospital,  Income  and 

Expenditure, 231 

Dental  School,  Income  and  Expenditure, 232 

Bussey  Institution,  Income  and  Expenditure, 235 

Arnold  Arboretum,  Income  and  Expenditure, 237 

Botanic  Garden,  Income  and  Expenditure, 239 

Botanical  Museum,  Income  and  Expenditure, 239 

Gray  Herbarium,  Income  and  Expenditure, 240 

Observatory,  Income  and  Expenditure, 242 

Blue  Hill  Meteorological  Observatory,  Income  and  Ex- 
penditure,      244 

Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  Income  and  Expendi- 
ture,    245 


CONTENTS 

PAGE 

29.  Peabody  Museum  of  American  Archaeology  and  Eth- 

nology, Income  and  Expenditure, 247 

30.  Semitic  Museum,  Income  and  Expenditure, 249 

31.  Germanic  Museum,  Income  and  Expenditure, 250 

32.  William  Hayes  Fogg  Art  Museum,  Income  and  Expendi- 

ture,    251 

33.  Appleton  Chapel,  Income  and  Expenditure, 253 

34.  Phillips  Brooks  House,  Income  and  Expenditure,  ....  254 

35.  Hemenway   Gymnasium,    Freshman   Athletic   Building, 

University  Squash   Courts   and  Big  Tree   Swimming 

Pool,  Income  and  Expenditure, 256 

36.  Stillman  Infirmary,  Income  and  Expenditure, 257 

37.  Harvard  Union,  Income  and  Expenditure, 258 

38  ^     Harvard  Dining  Halls,  Income  and  Expenditure,  ....  258 

39.  Non-Departmental  Funds  and  Gifts  for  Special  Purposes, 

Income  and  Expenditure, 259 

40.  Statement  of  the  Operating  Deficit  for  the  Year.  ....  263 


TREASURER'S  STATEMENT  FOR  1920-21 


To  the  Board  of  Overseers  of  Harvard  College:  — 

The  Treasurer  submits  the  annual  statement  of  the  financial 
affairs  of  the  University,  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1921. 

The  net  income  of  the  general  investments  for  this  period  was 
divided  at  the  rate  of  5.40  per  cent  among  the  Funds  to  which 
these  investments  belong. 

From  the  income  of  all  bonds  bought  at  a  premium  for  general 
investments  $6,846.97  was  credited  to  the  various  accounts  con- 
cerned, and  for  special  investments  $297.15,  as  the  fair  yearly 
repayment  to  make  good  the  premiums  at  the  maturity  of  the 
bonds. 

CHARLES  F.  ADAMS,  Treasurer 


Boston,  November,  1921. 


Exhibit  A 
BALANCE  SHEET 

June  30,  1921 

ASSETS 
Cash  in  Banks  : 

Treasurer  — General, $87,924.84 

Treasurer  —  Special  —  Schedule  1,    ....  626.40 

Bursar, 40,145.55  $128,696.79 


Accounts  Receivable  : 

Term  Bills  of  January,  1921, $11,109.12 

Term  Bills  of  June,  1921, 285,202.16 

Sundry  accounts  of  Bursar's  office,   ....  40,398.40 

Sundry  accounts  of  Treasurer's  office  .    .    .  615,718.45 

Interest  accrued, 6,146.17  958,574.30 


Inventory : 

Stores,      $23,664.10 

Dormitory  Furniture, 15,525.04  39,189.14 


Insurance  Unexpired, 36,070.57 


Investments  : 

Securities  —  Special  —  Schedule  1,      .    .    .  $5,800,188.54 

Securities  — General  — Schedule  2,  .  .  .  34,981,445.20 
Land  and  Buildings  —  Sp.  —  Schedule  1,  .  2,282,860.13 
Land  and  Buildings  — Gen'l—  Schedule 3,  .       4,887,430.51      47,951,924.38 


General  Suspense  ;  Debit  Balances  : 

Schedule  5,  Part  II,  page  179, 780,257.52 

$49,894,712.70 


Exhibit  A 
BALANCE  SHEET 

June  30,  1921 

LIABILITIES 
Accounts  Payable: 

Salaries  and  wages, $311,615.59 

Deposits  and  Advance  Payments, 37,496.90         $349,112.49 


Funds  and  Gifts,  Schedule  4,  page  92. 

Restricted  uses,  Income  only  available,    .    .    .  $36,090,800.65 
"            "    Principal  and  Income  available,    1,865,851.71 
Unrestricted  uses,  Income  only  available,    .   .     10,031,977.71 
"              "    Principal  and  Income  avail- 
able,               216,630.50      48,205,260.57 


Gains  and  Losses  on  General  Investments  Sold,  ....  501,554.67 

Income  on  General  Investments  Unapportioned,   ....  60,092.23 


Reserves  for  Depreciation  and  Maintenance, 

Exhibit  D,  page  14, 325,450.98 


Reserve  to  cover  advances  to  departments.  (1921),    .   .  110,969.65 

Professors'  Retiring  Allowance  Fund  (1920) 861.39 

General  Suspense  ;  Credit  Balances  : 

Schedule  5,  Part  I,  page  178,      341,410.72 


$49,894,712.70 


ExHito 

CONSOLIDATED  STATEMENT  OP  INCOME  AND  EXPENDITUJB 

For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 
Income  from  Funds  and  Gifts 

Income  from 
Funds  and  Gifts  General  Income  1  a 

From  Special  Investments, 

Interest  and  Dividends— Schedule  1,     .   .  $283,396.76 

Rents  of  Land  and  Buildings, $281,900.48 

Less  Operating  Expenses, 214,575.56 

Net  Income  —  Schedule  1,      .   . 67,324.92 

From  General  Investments, 
Interest  and  Dividends  on 

Securities  —  Schedule  2, $1,794,921.99 

Bank  Balances, 8,176.83 

Advances  to  Departments  and  Miscel- 
laneous,     5,386.39     1,808,485.21 

Rents  of  Land  and  Buildings,      ....       $353,421.64 
Less  Operating  Expenses,    ....  68,767.53 

Net  Income  — Schedule  3,      284,654.11 

Gifts  for  Immediate  Use  —  Exhibit  F, 775,787.18 

Miscellaneous  income  included  in  receipts  for 

departmental  and  non-departmental  activities, 159,127.84 

$3,378,776.02  $3,371 

General  Income 

Tuition  Fees,      $1,186,056.00 

Laboratory  Fees, 34,952.88 

Other  Fees, 43,870.89 

Gross  Rents  of  Dormitories  not  in  Special  or  General  In- 
vestments,    174,464.89 

Miscellaneous  Income, 918,239.41    2,351 


Total  Income  for  year, $3,378,776.02  $2,357,584.07  $5,73! 

Income  of  Funds  and   Gifts   transferred  to   General 

Income, 971,156.80        971,156.80 

$2,407,619.22  $3,328,740.87 
Received  from  accumulated  income  of  Funds  and  Gifts 

to  cover  deficits  of  restricted  income,        207,140.81  20 

Payments  carried  to  General  Suspense, 27,038.86  839.65        2 

Credit  balances  in  General  Suspense  used, 27,146.85        2 

Operating  Deficit  for  the  Year,  Schedule  40, 338,305.32      33 


$2,641,798.89  $3,695,032.69  $6,33 


Exhibit  B 

BiONSOLIDATED  STATEMENT  OF  INCOME  AND  EXPENDITURE 

For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

EXPENDITURE 

Income  from 
Funds  and  Gifts  General  Income  Totals 

istrative  Purposes, $5,964.45     $304,791.49  $310,755.94 

;ments  of  Instruction, 843,174.46    1,919,250.33  2,762,424.79 

Activities, 1,033,284.10       976,467.30  2,009,751.40 

220,296.38         19,325.21  239,621.59 

'  s  and  equipment  of  dormitories  not  in  Treasurer's 

jstments, 39,231.27  39,231.27 

tking  and  operating  expenses  of  dormitories  not  in 

isurer's  Investments,      143,196.16  143,196.16 

is  and  equipment  of  buildings  for  general  purposes,  51,607.71  51,607.71 

king  and  operating  expenses  of  land  and  buildings 

general  purposes,      212,797.06  212,797.06 


Expenditure  for  year, $2,102,719.39  $3,666,666.53  $5,769,385.92 

me  not  used  and  added  to  Funds  and  Gifts,  ....       475,070.46  475,070.46 

me  on  general  investments  unapportioned,  .    .    .   .  34,362.12  34,362.12 

me  carried  to  General  Suspense, 29,646.92         28,366.16         58,013.08 


3!  

i  !  $2,641,798.89  $3,695,032.69  $6,336,831.58 


INCOME  AND  EXPENDITU3H 

For  the  year  en 
Balances 


Sundry- 
Credit 
Balances 


Sundry 
Debit 
Balance 


University  (Sch.  6), 

College,  including  Graduate  School 
of  Arts  and  Sciences  (Sch.  7), 

Library  (Sch.  8), 

Summer  Schools  (Sch.  9),     .... 

Engineering  School  (Sch.  10),     .    . 

Graduate  School  of  Business  Admin- 
istration (Sch.  11),      

Schools  of  Architecture  and  Land- 
scape Architecture  (Sch.  12),   .    . " 

Divinity  School  (Sch.  13),    .... 

Law  School  (Sch.  14), 

Graduate  School  of  Education  (Sch. 
15), 

Medical  School  (Sch.  16), 

Medical  School,  Courses  for  Grad- 
uates (Sch.  17), 

Medical   School,    Heat    and  Power 
Plant  (Sch.  18), 

Collis  P.  Huntington  Memorial  Hos- 
pital (Sch.  19), 

Dental  School  (Sch.  20), 

Bussey  Institution  (Sch.  21),    .    .    . 

Arnold  Arboretum  (Sch.  22),  .    .    . 

Botanic  Garden  (Sch.  23),    .... 

Botanical  Museum  (Sch.  24),   .    .    . 

Gray  Herbarium  (Sch.  25),  .... 

Observatory  (Sch.  26), 

Blue   Hill  Meteorological  Observa- 
tory (Sch.  27), 

Museum  of   Comp.  Zoology  (Sch. 
28), 

Peabody  Museum  of  American  Arch- 
aeology and  Ethnology  (Sch.  29), 

Semitic  Museum  (Sch.  30),  .... 

Germanic  Museum  (Sch.  31),  .    .    . 

William  Hayes  Eogg  Art  Museum 
(Sch.  32),      

Appleton  Chapel  (Sch.  33),  .... 

Amounts  carried  forward, 


Income  Expenditure 

$449,931.52  $291,903.18  $158,578.34  $5501 

1,550,624.93  1,740,100.47  137,392.41  326,867 

112,635.24  225,298.06  10,072.79  122,7351 

81,656.37  71,641.65  10,214.72  200 

190,770.74  227,485.25        3,125.84  39,840 

259,773.90  250,338.14  16,175.73  6,739 


82,452.79 

61,574.51 

249,028.83 


617,321.69 


17,815.59 
2,239.06 
9,811.59 

40,485.37 
13,555.77 


75,763.86  15,267.07  8,578 

68,791.25  2,382.02  9,598 

231,550.52  23,166.09  5,687 

102,463.99  32.41  7,432 

568,177.08  102,432.11  53,287 


67,295.80 

69,086.18 

15,147.47 

16,937. 

190,575.08 

190,575.08 

160,752.38 

112,729.32 

82,198.38 

34,175. 

80,685.46 

118,513.62 

1,263.61 

39,091 

57,116.18 

66,736.51 

2,169.95 

11,790. 

75,965.41 

55,506.52 

20,710.34 

251. 

5,397.63 

7,655.13 

2,257. 

3,992.58 

5,016.93 

22.58 

1,046. 

21,159.06 

18,603.97 

2,680.15 

125. 

63,125.13 

50,064.29 

14,597.07 

1,536. 

6,862.64 

9,158.83 

2,296. 

50,847.08 

43,239.07 

7,608.01 

21,874.26        1,208.24       5,266. 
3,731.12  108.00       1,600.( 

3,077.11        6,734.48       .... 


56,162.34        9,903.38     25,580.5 
13,935.63       


$4,618,515. 83  $4,699,179.36  $643,191.19  $723,474.* 
10 


BY  DEPARTMENTS 

June  30,  1921 

Disposition  of  Credit  Balances 


Exhibit  C 


Disposition  of  Debit  Balances 


Income 

not  used  and 

added  to  Funds 

and  Gifts 

$158,546.34 


Income 
carried  to 

General 
Suspense 

$32.00 


Accumulated 
Income  of  Funds 
and  Gifts  used  to 
cover  deficits  of 
restricted  Income 

$550.00 


Payments 

carried  to 

General 

Suspense 


General 
Suspense 

Credit 

Balances 

used 


Deficits 


8W..  122,237.14 

735  9,448.24 

2004.  631.91 

M0|  3,125.84 


15,155.27  41,955.92 

624.55  20,167.15 

9,582.81  200.00 

365.83 


$5,897.33 
5,001.19 


$279,014.70 
97,567.27 


39,474.52 


13,964.11 


2,211.62 


4,134.92 


2,605.05 


15,267.07         5,194.62 

2,382.02  663.44 

19,616.59  3,549.50  5,687.78 


$8,935.32 


3,383.52 


32.41 
101,973.41 


7,255.19 
458.70        26,866.14 


10,398.56 


177.71 
16,022.80 


15,147.47 


16,937.85 


82,198.38 

34,175.32 

1,263.61 

85.00 

2,169.95 

113.53 

20,710.34 

251.45 

22.58 

2,680.15 

125.06 

14,597.07 

1,536.23 

1,203.77 


1,046.93 


39,006.77 
10,472.98 


2,257.50 


2,122.34 


173.85 


3,544.42 


1,208.24 

5,040.16 

108.00 

1,600.06 

4,427.69 

2,306.79 

9,903.38 

24,947.91 

226.75 


632.44 


$587,378.74      $55,812.45    $183,038.05        $25,738.34      $27,146.85   $487,551.62 

11 


INCOME  AND  EXPENDITTJI 


Balances 


Amounts  brought  forward,    .   . 

Phillips  Brooks  House  (Sch.  34),    . 

Hemenway  Gymnasium,  Freshman 
Ath.  Bldg.,  Univ.  Squash  Courts, 
and  Big  Tree  Swimming  Pool 
(Sch.  35),      

Stillman  Infirmary  (Sch.  36),  .    .    . 

Harvard  Union  (Sch.  37),     .... 

Harvard  Dining  Halls  (Sch.  38),     . 

Less  Appropriations  to  departments, 
deducted  to  show  the  net  income 
and  expenditure, 

Less  Deficits  included  in  the  above 
expenditures  of  other  departments 
and  deducted  to  show  the  net  ex- 
penditure, 
Appleton  Chapel,    .    .    .        $379.86 
Hemenway  Gymnasium,     19,293.48 
Stillman  Infirmary,    .    .        6,972.63 


Sundry  Sundry 

Credit  Debit 

Income  Expenditure         Balances  Balances 

$4,618,515.83  $4,699,179.36  $643,191.19  $723,474 
6,390.52  5,617.66        1,145.36  372 


4,513.00 

29,204.59 

150,536.46 

499,292.83 


23,806.48 

36,298.93 

150,536.46 

499,292.83 


121 


$5,308,453.23  $5,414,731.72 


127,840.65        127,840.65 
$5,180,612.58  $5,286,891.07 


26,645.97 


Less  Balance  of  University  account 
applied  to  the  Operating  Deficit.  . 

Total  for  Departments,  .... 

Non-Departmental  Funds  and  Gifts 

for  Special  Purposes  (Sch.  39),  . 


Income    received    by   Departments 

and  Activities,  above, 

Income  unapportioned, 

Total  Income,  Exhibit  B,  .    .    . 


$5,180,612.58  $5,260,245.10^644,336,55  $723,969 
149,246.30   149,246 


$5,180,612.58  $5,260,245.10  $495,090.25  $574,722 
521,385.39        509,140.82      37,993.29      25,748 


$5,701,997.97  $5,769,385.92  $533,083.54  $600,471 


$5,701,997.97 
34,362.12 

$5,736,360.09 


12 


BY  DEPARTMENTS  (continued) 

Disposition  of  Credit  Balances  Disposition  of  Debit  Balances 


Accumulated 

General 

Income 

Income 

Income  of  Funds 

Payments 

Suspense 

not  used  and 

carried  to 

and  Gifts  used  to 

carried  to 

Credit 

added  to  Funds 

General 

cover  deficits  of 

General 

Balances 

and  Gifts 

Suspense 

restricted  Income 

Suspense 

used 

Deficits 

fd       $587,378.74      $55,812.45    $183,038.05        $25,738.34      $27,146.85  $487,551.62 


1,145.36         372.50 


121.71 


$588,524.10  $487,551.62 

149,246.30  149,246.30 

$439,277.80  $55,812.45  $183,532.26   $25,738.34   $27,146.85  $338,305.32 

35.792.66    2,200.63   23,608.55     2,140.17     

$475,070.46  $58,013.08    $207,140.81        $27,878.51      $27,146.85  $338,305.32 


13 


Exhibit  D 


RESERVES  FOR  DEPRECIATION  AND  MAINTENANCE 

Depreciation,  Freshman  Halls $34,009.57 

Depreciation,  Medical  Heat  and  Power  Plant     .   .  132,717.57 

Depreciation,  Treasurer's  Investments 4,605.62 

Maintenance,  Freshman  Halls 50,267.37 

Maintenance,  Yard  Heat  Tunnel 1,775.46 

Maintenance,  Medical  Heat  and  Power  Plant     .    .  35,261.48 

Maintenance,  Buildings 46,813.91 

Changes  in  Electric  Service 20,000.00      $325,450.98 


14 


Exhibit  E 
GIFTS  FOR  CAPITAL 

For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 
ESTABLISHING  NEW  FUNDS  OR  INCREASING  OLD  ONES 

Arnold  Arboretum: 
Endowment  Fund : 

Frederic  G.  Barry      $62.50 

Charles  P.  Curtis 250.00 

Charles  L.  Hutchinson 2,000.00 

Marklove  Lowery      50.00 

Henry  H.  Richardson 60.00 

Martin  A.  Ryerson 2,000.00 

Philip  S.  Sears 500.00 

Richard  D.  Sears  . 400.00 

William  P.  Wharton 1,000.00        $6,322.50 

Maria  A.   Evans    (Mrs.   Robert   D.   Evans), 
Estate  of: 

Additional,  on  account  of  her  bequest 

of  $25,000 4,425.00 

"Massachusetts  Society  for  Promoting  Agri- 
culture Fund": 

Massachusetts  Society  for  Promoting  Agri- 
culture   500.00 

Astronomical  Observatory : 

Edward  C.  Pickering,  Estate  of: 

On  account  of  his  residuary  bequest 
(restricted  until  a  certain  specified 
time)  "for  the  Astronomical  Obser- 
vatory."    2,819.98 

Graduate  School  of  Business  Administration : 
Anonymous  Loan  Fund: 

Anonymous 5,000.00 

College: 

"Edward  R.  Bacon  Art  Scholarships": 

Virginia  Purdy  Bacon  (Mrs.  Walter  Rath- 
bone  Bacon),  Estate  of: 

On  account  of  her  bequest  of  $50,000. 
to  Harvard  University  "to  be  used  in 
establishing    two    graduate    scholar- 


Amount  carried  forward,    .    .    .  $19,067.48 

15 


16  GIFTS   FOR   CAPITAL 

Amount  brought  forward,    .    .    .  $19,067.48 

College  (continued): 

"  Edward  R.  Bacon  Art  Scholarships  " 
(continued) : 

ships  in  painting  to  be  called  the  Ed- 
ward R.  Bacon  Art  Scholarships;  the 
incumbents  to  be  designated  by  said 
University  under  such  regulations  as 
it  may  from  time  to  time  prescribe,  to 
hold  such  scholarships  for  not  less  than 
two  years  and  while  holding  such 
scholarships  to  study  painting  under 
the  direction  of  said  University  prefer- 
ably in  Europe; ": 

Cash $640.00 

Securities  valued  at    • 39,981.76        40,621.76 


Jeremy  Belknap  Prize : 

Philippe  B.  Marcou 1,000.00 

"Class  of  1883  Fund": 

Twenty-fifth  Anniversary  Fund : 

Additional 500.00 

"Dana  Scholarship  of  the  Class  of  1852": 

A.  Arthur  Jenkins 45.00 

Thomas  Jefferson  Coolidge,  Estate  of: 

His  bequest  "to  be  added  to  the 
Thomas  Jefferson  Coolidge  Fund  for 
research  in  physics  at  the  Jefferson 
Physical  Laboratory,  and  only  the 
income  thereof  to  be  employed;  "    .    .  20,000.00 

"Charles  Dexter  Memorial  Fund": 
Miss  Annie  L.  Dexter,  Estate  of : 

Additional,  on  account  of  her  residuary 

bequest 6,577.54 

"William  Henry  Gove  Scholarship  Fund": 
Mrs.  William  Henry  Gove : 

"The  income  of  this  fund  shall  be 
awarded  from  time  to  time  as  a  scholar- 
ship or  scholarships  to  students  special- 
izing in  Greek. "      6,000.00 


Amount  carried  forward,    .    .    .  $93,811.78 


GIFTS   FOR   CAPITAL  17 

Amount  brought  forward,    .    .    .  $93,811.78 

College  (continued): 

"  Hodges  Scholarship  " : 
A.  Arthur  Jenkins : 

Additional 147.50 

"Augusta  P.  Hope  Fund": 

Dave  H.  Morris  and  Mrs.  Morris : 

Restricted  until  a  certain  specified 
time,  after  which  "the  income  thereof 
(shall  be  used)  for  the  benefit  of  the 
Department  of  Music,  preferably  for 
the  purchase  of  books,  music  and  in- 
struments. ": 

Securities  valued  at 3,169.68 

Thomas  G.  Mower  Memorial: 

Miss  Sara  E.  Mower,  Estate  of: 

Additional,  on  account  of  her  bequest  24,819.43 

Mary  E.  Paine  (Mrs.  John  Knowles  Paine), 

Estate  of: 

To  be  added  to  "The  John  Knowles 
Paine  Fellowships  in  Music"  estab- 
lished by  her  during  her  lifetime  .    .    .  32,344.72 

William  H.  Schofield,  Estate  of: 

His  bequest  "The  income  only  to  be 
'  used  for  the  maintenance  of  the  Scho- 

field Rooms  (38  Gray's  Hall)  which 
are  to  be  devoted  to  the  purposes  of 
University  hospitality,  preference  be- 
ing given  to  visiting  professors  from 
other  institutions  or  distinguished 
guests  of  the  University  ..."     ...  10,000.00 

"The  Frederick  Sheldon  Fund": 

Amey  Richmond  Sheldon  (Mrs.  Frederick 
Sheldon),  Estate  of: 

Additional: 

Cash $3,189.89 

Securities  valued  at 7,000.00        10,189.89 


Amount  carried  forward,    .    .    .  $174,483.00 


18  GIFTS  FOR   CAPITAL 

Amount  brought  forward,    .    .    .  $174,483.00 

College  (continued): 

"Somerville  Scholarship  " : 

George  Lewis  Baxter: 

''to  found  a  scholarship  for  a  student 
in  his  freshman  year  at  Harvard  Col- 
lege recommended  by  a  public  pre- 
paratory school  of  Somerville,  Mass." : 

Securities  valued  at 5,242.80 

"The  Major  Harrison  Briggs  Webster,  U.  S.  A. 
Scholarship  " : 

Mrs.  Andrew  G.  Webster: 

"in  memory  of  her  Son,  Harrison 
Briggs  Webster  of  the  Class  of  1905, 
Regimental  Surgeon  of  the  47th  U.  S. 
Infantry,  4th  Division,  A.  E.  F., 
awarded  a  Citation  'For  unusually 
conspicuous  and  meritorious  services', 
and  a  second  Citation,  with  the  Dis- 
tinguished Service  Cross,  'For  ex- 
traordinary heroism  in  action'.  Killed 
in  action  in  the  Meuse-Argonne  Octo- 
ber 13th,  1918. 

This  Scholarship  is  to  be  awarded 
to  sons  of  members  of  the  Class  of 
1905,  Harvard  College.  The  award 
to  be  made  by  the  Class  Committee 
of  the  Class  of  1905  to  the  applicant 
most  worthy  of  such  aid,  and  is  ten- 
able for  one  year  only. 

In  case  there  is  no  application  or 
award  made  in  any  year,  then  the 
Scholarship  shall  be  awarded  for  that 
year  only  by  the  Administration 
Board  of  the  Medical  School  to  a 
needy  student,  who  shall  have  shown 
himself  to  be  of  sound  principles  and 
marked  ability. " 5,000.00 

"Jerome  Wheelock  Fund": 

Jerome  Wheelock,  Estate  of: 

Additional,  on  account  of  his  bequest 

of  $100,000 10.00 


Amount  carried  forward,    .    .    .  $184,735.80 


GIFTS   FOR    CAPITAL  19 

Amount  brought  forward,    .    .    .  $184,735.80 

College  (continued): 

Alfred  Tredway  White,  Estate  of: 

To  be  added  to  the  "Alfred  Tredway 
White  Endowment  for  the  Department 
of  Social  Ethics",  established  by  him 
during  his  lifetime: 

Securities  valued  at 44,250.00 

Dental  School: 

Endowment  Fund: 

Charles  H.  Abbot $25.00 

Louisa  A.   Beal   (Mrs.   James  H.   Beal), 

Estate  of 500.00 

George  H.  Monks 225.00 

Lester  H.  Monks 100.00 

Alfred  P.  Rogers 50.00 

Charles  E.  Stevens 25.00             925.00 


Harvard  Dental  Alumni  Endowment: 

Henry  C.  Spencer $25.00 

Charles  E.  Stevens 25.00  50.00 


Dental  School  Endowment  of  the  Class  of  1895 : 

J.  Austin  Furfey $75.00 

Robert  T.  Moffatt 125.00  200.00; 


Maria  A.   Evans   (Mrs.   Robert  D.   Evans), 
Estate  of: 

Additional,  on  account  of  her  bequest 

of  $25,000 4,425.00- 

"The  Eugene  Hanes  Smith  Scholarship": 

Established  by  the  Harvard  Dental 
Alumni  Association,  in  recognition 
of  Eugene  Hanes  Smith's  twenty-five 
years  of  service  to  the  Dental  School, 
the  income  to  be  "awarded  annually 
to  a  worthy  and  meritorious  student  in 
the  third  or  fourth  year  of  the  Dental 
School,  who  has  been  a  student  in  regu- 
lar standing  during  the  first  and  second 
years." : 


Amount  carried  forward,    .    .    .  $234,585.80 


20  GIFTS   FOR    CAPITAL 

Amount  brought  forward,    .    .    .  $234,585.80 

Dental  School  (continued) : 

"  The  Eugene  Hanes  Smith  Scholarship  " 

(continued) : 

Benjamin  H.  Codman,  in  memory  of  his 

father,  John  T.  Codman $25.00 

Harvard  Dental  Alumni  Association  .    .    .         2,300.00  2,325.00 


Engineering  School: 

Harvard  Engineering  Society  Scholarship : 

Harvard  Engineering  Society 200.00 

"Gordon  McKay  Endowment": 

Gordon  McKay,  Estate  of: 

Additional,  on  account  of  his  residuary 

bequest 148,287.83 

Gray  Herbarium: 

Asa  Gray  Memorial  Fund: 

Emile  F.  Williams 100.00 

Law  School: 

" James  and  Augusta  Barnard  Law  Fund": 

Lydia    Augusta    Barnard    (Mrs.    James 
Munson  Barnard),  Estate  of: 

Additional,  on  account  of  her  bequest 

of  $60,000 264.55 

Endowment  Fund: 

Balance  of  sundry  subscriptions     .    .  149.15 

Shelton  Hale  Memorial  Scholarship : 

Mrs.  Shelton  Hale: 

"in  memory  of  my  husband,  Shelton 
Hale,  LL.B.  1916,  to  record  his  de- 
votion to  the  institutions  and  pur- 
poses of  the  Harvard  Law  School  and 
his  unfailing  interest  and  sympathy 
with  the  efforts  of  young  men  to  ob- 
tain a  legal  education  under  the  stress 


Amount  carried  forward,    .    .    .  $385,912.33 


GIFTS   FOR   CAPITAL  21 

Amount  brought  forward,    .    .    .  $385,912.33 

Law  School  (continued) : 

Shelton  Hale  Memorial  Scholarship  (continued) : 

of  financial  difficulties  .  .  .  The 
scholarship  shall  be  awarded  annually 
...  to  a  first  year  student  of  the  Law 
School  .  .  .": 

Cash $655.26 

Securities  valued  at 3,735.32  4,390.58 


Library : 

George  Schunemann  Jackson  Fund: 

Charles  Jackson  Robert  A.  Jackson 

George  Schunemann  Jackson      Mrs.  Ralph  B.  Williams 

"We  desire  that  the  income  .  .  .  shall 
be  used  for  the  purchase  and  main- 
tenance of  books  and  that  preference 
should  be  given  to  those  treating  of 
social  welfare  and  service,  moral  phi- 
losophy, civics  and  like  subjects.": 

Cash $3,715.93 

Securities  valued  at 35,349.41        39,065.34 


"The  George  Nichols  Fund": 

John  W.  T.  Nichols,  Estate  of: 

His  bequest  "to  establish  a  fund  to 
be  called,  in  memory  of  my  father, 
a  member  of  the  class  of  1828,  'The 
George  Nichols  Fund',  the  annual 
income  thereof  to  be  devoted  to  the 
purchase  of  books  on  English  litera- 
ture for  the  library  of  Harvard 
College." 5,000.00 

Evert  Jansen  Wendell,  Estate  of: 

Additional,  on  account  of  his  bequest  .  799.00 

Medical  School: 

Joseph  R.  DeLamar,  Estate  of: 

Additional,  on  account  of  his  residuary 

bequest 777,772.46 


Amount  carried  forward,    .    .    .  $1,212,939.71 


22  GIFTS   FOR    CAPITAL 

Amount  brought  forward,    .    .    .  $1,212,939.71 

Medical  School  (continued) : 

Rebecca  A.  Greene  (Mrs.  Francis  B.  Greene), 
Estate  of: 

Additional,  on  account  of  her  residuary 

bequest 125.00 

Elliot  C.  Lee,  Estate  of: 

His  bequest  of  $50,000,  plus  accrued 
interest,  "the  income  alone  to  be  used 
for  the  benefit  of  the  Harvard  Medical 
School  ..." 50,750.00 

James  Ewing  Mears,  Estate  of: 

His  bequest  of  $10,000,  less  collateral 
tax,  "the  income  from  which  I  direct 
shall  be  used  each  year  for  the  work 
of  the  Cancer  Commission  of  Harvard 
University.,, 9,295.01 

His  bequest  of  $5,000,  less  collateral 
tax,  "the  income  from  which  I  direct 
shall  be  used  in  maintaining  the 
Scholarship  known  as  'The  James 
Ewing  Mears,  M.D.  Scholarship  in 
Medicine',  which  I  have  founded  in 
Harvard  College." 4,647.51 

Abel  H.  Proctor,  Estate  of: 

His  bequest  of  $50,000,  plus  accrued 
interest,  "to  be  added  to  ;the  fund 
given  to  the  said  President  and  Fel- 
lows of  Harvard  College  by  my  aunt, 
EUen  Osborne  Proctor  .  .  .",  in  1903  50,136.11 

James  Jackson  Putnam  Professorship    ....  275.00 

William  Sturgis  Bigelow  Miss  Edith  M.  Howes 

Flavius  Searle  Memorial  Fund: 

Miss  Mary  L.  Searle,  Estate  of: 

On  account  of  her  residuary  bequest, 
in  memory  of  her  father,  Dr.  Flavius 
Searle,  "the  income  of  which  shall  be 
expended  as  scholarships  to  students 
in  the  Medical  School  and  the  Law- 
rence Scientific  School,  so  that  each  of 
said  schools  shall  receive  an  equal 
share  .  .  .": 

Securities  valued  at      8,779.64 


Amount  carried  forward,    .    .    .  $1,336,947.98 


GIFTS   FOR    CAPITAL  23 

Amount  brought  forward,    .    .    .  $1,336,947.98 

Medical  School  (continued) : 

Francis  Skinner  (Sr.),  Estate  of: 

Additional,  on  account  of  his  residuary- 
bequest    110.63 

Charles  Hamilton  Wilder,  Estate  of: 

Additional,  on  account  of  his  bequest: 

Cash $607.15 

Securities  valued  at 2,700.00  3,307.15 


"William  J.  and  Georgianna  B.  Wright  Fund": 

Georgianna  B.  Wright  (Mrs.  William  J. 
Wright),  Estate  of: 

On  account  of  her  bequest  to  the 
President  and  Fellows  of  Harvard 
College  "the  income  to  be  used  accord- 
ing to  their  discretion  for  medical  re- 
search and  the  advancement  of  medi- 
cal and  surgical  sciences.": 

Cash $680.07 

Securities  valued  at 108,160.13      108,840.20 

CollisjP.  Huntington  Memorial  Hospital: 
M.  Douglas  Flattery: 

New  Endowment 500.00 

Semitic  Museum: 
"HechtFund": 

Jacob  H.  Hecht,  Estate  of: 

His  bequest,  the  income  to  be  used  for 
"the  maintenance,  support  and  im- 
provement of  the  Schiff  Semitic  Mu- 
seum, so  called.  ..." 5,000.00 

University: 

Anonymous  Fund  No.  4: 

Additional 50,000.00 

Daniel  L.  F.  Chase,  Estate  of: 

His  bequest  for  "permanent  improve- 
ment .  .  .  and  not  ...  for  current 
expenses." 2,000.00 


Amount  carried  forward,    .    .    .  $1,506,705.96 


24  GIFTS   FOR    CAPITAL 

Amount  brought  forward,    .    .    .  $1,506,705.96 

University  (continued) : 

"Fund  of  the  Class  of  1856": 

Additional 667.46 

Class  of  1857  Fund: 

Additional 64.00 

"The  Class  of  1890  Fund": 

Twenty-fifth  Anniversary  Fund: 

Additional 350.00 

Class  of  1896  Fund: 

Twenty-fifth  Anniversary  Fund: 
Additional: 

Cash $42,049.50 

Securities  valued  at 3,400.50       45,450.00 

Class  of  1899  Fund: 

Twenty-fifth  Anniversary  Fund: 

Additional 7,000.00 

John  Cowdin,  Estate  of: 
Additional: 

Real  estate  valued  at 44,000.00 

Charles  Church  Drew,  Estate  of: 

Additional,  on  account  of  his  residuary 

bequest: 

Cash $29,181.76 

Securities  valued  at 82,486.00      111,667.76 

John  Davis  Williams  French,  Estate  of: 

Additional 500.01 

George  A.  Goddard,  Estate  of: 

His  bequest  "To  the  President  and 

FeUows  of  Harvard  College.  .  .  ."     .  5,000.00 

Harvard  Union  Funds,  from  the  Trustees  of: 

Class  of  1878  Fund: 

Cash $230.95 

Securities  valued  at 10,038.04        10,268.99 

Amount  carried  forward,    .    .    .  $1,731,674.18 


GIFTS   FOR   CAPITAL  25 

Amount  brought  forward,     .    .    .  $1,731,674.18 

University  (continued) : 

Harvard  Union  Funds,  from  the  Trustees  of, 

(continued) : 

Harvard  Union  Fund: 

Cash $1,851.93 

Securities  valued  at 51,577.91        53,429.84 

Simes  Fund: 

Cash $67.81 

Securities  valued  at 3,512.02  3,579.83 

A.  Paul  Keith,  Estate  of: 

On  account  of  his  residuary  bequest: 
"and  I  direct  .  .  .  that  what  is  re- 
received  by  the  President  and  Fellows 
of  Harvard  College  shall  be  devoted 
by  that  corporation  to  the  general 
purposes  of  Harvard  University.": 

Real  estate  valued  at    .    .    .    .    .  112,500.00 

Henry  L.  Pierce,  Estate  of: 

Additional,  on  account  of  his  residuary 

bequest 1,021.62 

Lawrence  Eugene  Sexton,  Estate  of: 

On  account  of  his  bequest  "the  an- 
nual net  income  of  which  is  to  be  used 
...  as  the  President  and  Fellows  of 
Harvard  College  may  from  time  to 
time  determine." 6,931.11 

Archibald  L.  Smith,  Estate  of: 

His  bequest  "to  Harvard  Univer- 
sity. ..." 1,000.00 

Michael  Ullrich,  Estate  of: 

His  bequest  of  $6,000,  less  inheritance 
taxes,  in  memory  of  his  son,  G.  E. 
Walter  Ullrich  of  the  Class  of  1888, 
"without  condition.  ..." 5,829.00 

Unrestricted : 

Fiske  Warren: 

Securities  valued  at 1.00 

Amount  carried  forward,    .    .    .  $1,915,966.58 


26  GIFTS   FOR    CAPITAL 

Amount  brought  forward,    .    .    .  $1,915,966.58 

Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology: 

"Maria  Whitney  and  James  Lyman  Whitney 
Fund": 

James  Lyman  Whitney,  Estate  of: 

Additional,  on  account  of  his  residuary 

bequest 66.44 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund: 
Restricted  to : 

Schools   of  Architecture   and   Landscape 

Architecture 500.00 

Arnold  Arboretum: 

Endowment  Fund  (see  page  15)    .    .    .  (6,822.50) 

Stephen  M.  Weld  Memorial  Fund     .  25,000.00 

Graduate  School  of  Arts  and  Sciences   .    .  5.00 

Astronomical  Observatory 1,000.00 

Graduate  School  of  Business  Administra- 
tion    2,522.50 

Bussey  Institution: 

Library 25.00 

Anna  C.  Ames  Memorial  Scholarship  625.00 

College: 

Atkins  Fund  for  Tropical  Research  in 

Economic  Botany .  10,000.00 

Department  of  Chemistry 2,000.00 

Harvard     Studies     in    Comparative 

Literature 9,500.00 

Richard  Hodgson  Memorial    ....  60.00 

Division  of  Music      500.00 

Josiah  Royce  Memorial 30.00 

Salaries 70.00 

Scholarship  and  Beneficiary  Money 

Returned  Fund 54.00 

Jonathan  Trumbull  Professorship  .    .  150.00 

Dental  School: 

"The  Eugene  Hanes  Smith  Scholar- 
ship"      2,500.00 

Unrestricted 290.00 

Divinity  School 30.00 


Amount  carried  forward,    .    .   .  $1,970,894.52 


GIFTS   FOR   CAPITAL  27 

Amount  brought  forward,    .    .    .  $1,970,894.52 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund  {continued) : 
Restricted  to  {continued) : 

Graduate  School  of  Education: 

Charles  W.  Eliot  Fund 1,140.00 

Engineering  School 583.34 

The  William  Hayes  Fogg  Art  Museum     .  1,500.00 

Harvard  Forest: 

Securities  valued  at 876.60 

Law  School: 

Max  Epstein  Loan  Fund 5,000.00 

M.  J.  and  Jennie  Mack  Loan  Fund  .  187.50 

Scholarships 10.00 

Unrestricted: 

Cash $7,896.50 

Securities  valued  at 355.04          8,251.54 

Library: 

Richard  Mather  Jopling  Memorial    .  500.00 

Dillwyn  Parrish  Starr  Memorial     .    .  410.00 

Unrestricted 60,000.00 

Medical  School 80.00 

Peabody  Museum  of  American  Archae- 
ology and  Ethnology: 

Salaries 1,000.00 

Unrestricted 3,500.00 

Unrestricted: 

Cash $1,459,836.01 

Securities  valued  at 208,457.86   1,668,293.87 

Total $3,722,227.37 


Exhibit  F 

GIFTS  FOE,  IMMEDIATE  USE 

For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

Appleton  Chapel: 
Choir  Expenses: 

Edward  C.  Moore $25.00 

Current  Expenses: 

Thomas  Nelson  Perkins 10.00 

Schools  of  Architecture  and  Landscape  Architecture: 
Robinson  Hall  Libraries: 

Anonymous 5,000.00 

Arnold  Arboretum: 

To  increase  the  income : 

Thomas  Allen $100.00 

Oliver  Ames 100.00 

Larz  Anderson  and  Mrs.  Anderson  .  200.00 

Samuel  Appleton 100.00 

Miss  Ellen  S.  Bacon 100.00 

Walter  C.  Baylies 100.00 

E.  Pierson  Beebe 100.00 

Frank  B.  Bemis 100.00 

William  Sturgis  Bigelow 500.00 

George  Nixon  Black 100.00 

Mrs.  Francis  Blake 100.00 

William  P.  Blake 50.00 

Edward    D.    Brandegee    and    Mrs. 

Brandegee 200.00 

Miss  Fannie  R.  Brewer 100.00 

Albert  C.  Burrage 100.00 

Miss  Louise  W.  Case 100.00 

Miss  Marian  R.  Case 100.00 

Mrs.  James  M.  Codman 100.00 

William  R.  Coe 200.00 

Miss  Alice  S.  Coffin 100.00 

Charles  A.  Coffin 100.00 

William  T.  Councilman 25.00 

Frederick  G.  Crane 100.00 

Richard  T.  Crane,  Jr 200.00 

Mrs.  Zenas  Crane 200.00 


Amounts  carried  forward,  .    .    .     $3,275.00  $5,035.00 


GIFTS    FOR    IMMEDIATE    USE 

Amounts  brought  forward,  .    .    .  $3,275.00 

Arnold  Arboretum  (continued) : 

To  increase  the  income  (continued) : 

Z.  Marshall  Crane 100.00 

Mrs.  George  G.  Crocker 100.00 

Mrs.  Stephen  V.  R.  Crosby  ....  100.00 

Mrs.  Francis  B.  Crowninshield     .    .  100.00 

Mrs.  Charles  B.  Curtis 100.00 

Mrs.  Arthur  E.  Davis 100.00 

William  B.  H.  Dowse 100.00 

George  A.  Draper 100.00 

Henry  A.  Du  Pont 1,000.00 

Henry  F.  Du  Pont 1,000.00 

Miss  Hannah  M.  Edwards    ....  100.00 

Mrs.  Thomas  J.  Emery 500.00 

William  Endicott ,    .  100.00 

Mrs.  L.  Carteret  Fenno 100.00 

Mrs.  W.  Scott  Fitz 100.00 

Desmond  FitzGerald 100.00 

ChildsFrick 500.00 

Mrs.  Louis  A.  Frothingham  ....  1,000.00 

William  A.  Gaston 100.00 

Augustus  Hemenway 100.00 

Anton  G.  Hodenpyl 250.00 

Clement  S.  Houghton 100.00 

Henry  S.  Howe 100.00 

Henry     S.     Hunnewell    and     Mrs. 

Hunnewell 500.00 

Walter  Hunnewell 100.00 

Mrs.  Oscar  Iasigi 100.00 

Walter  Jennings 250.00 

Nathaniel  T.  Kidder 100.00 

David  P.  Kimball 100.00 

The  Knapp  Fund,  Trustees  of  .    .    .  500.00 

Horatio  A.  Lamb  and  Mrs.  Lamb    .  100.00 

Mrs.  Gardiner  M.  Lane 100.00 

Mrs.  Amory  A.  Lawrence 100.00 

Louis  K.  Liggett 100.00 

Mrs.  William  Caleb  Loring   ....  100.00 

Arthur  Lyman 100.00 

Cyrus  H.  McCormick 200.00 

Miss  Fanny  P.  Mason 100.00 

Massachusetts  Society  for  Promoting 

Agriculture 2,000.00 

Miss  Susan  Minns 100.00 

Mrs.  J.  Pierpont  Morgan,  Jr.    .    .    .  200.00 

Mrs.  John  T.  Morse 100.00 


29 

$5,035.00 


Amounts  carried  forward,  .    .    .  $14,175.00 


$5,035.00 


30 


GIFTS   FOR   IMMEDIATE    USE 


Amounts  brought  forward, .    .    .   $14,175.00 

Arnold  Arboretum  (continued) : 

To  increase  the  income  (continued) : 

North  Shore  Garden  Club  of  Long 

Island 50.00 

Robert  Osgood 100.00 

George  A.  Peabody 100.00 

John  E.  Peabody 100.00 

Mrs.  John  C.  Phillips 100.00 

Stephen  W.  Phillips  and  Mrs.  Phillips  100.00 

Dudley  L.  Pickman 100.00 

Mrs.  Dudley  L.  Pickman 100.00 

David  Pingree 500.00 

Laban  Pratt 100.00 

William  L.  Richardson 100.00 

Mrs.  Jacob  C.  Rogers 100.00 

Mrs.  Robert  S.  Russell 100.00 

Mrs.  John  L.  Saltonstall 300.00 

Richard  M.  Saltonstall 100.00 

Mrs.  Richard  M.  Saltonstall.    .    .    .  100.00 

Charles  S.  Sargent,  Jr 200.00 

Mrs.  Lucius  M.  Sargent 100.00 

Mrs.  J.  Montgomery  Sears    ....  100.00 

Mrs.  Knyvet  W.  Sears 100.00 

Mrs.  Richard  D.  Sears 100.00 

Mrs.  G.  Howland  Shaw 50.00 

Charles  A.  Stone  and  Mrs.  Stone     .  200.00 

Galen  L.  Stone 500.00 

Nathaniel  H.  Stone 100.00 

Charles  E.  Stratton 100.00 

John  E.  Thayer 500.00 

Mrs.  John  E.  Thayer 100.00 

Mrs.  Nathaniel  Thayer 100.00 

•Charles  H.  Tyler 50.00 

Charles  C.  Walker 100.00 

Edwin  S.  Webster  and  Mrs.  Webster  200.00 

Frank  G.  Webster  and  Mrs.  Webster  200.00 

Laurence  JWebster  and  Mrs.Webster  200.00 

John  W.  Weeks 50.00 

Mrs.  Charles  G.  Weld 100.00 

In  memory  of  Stephen  M.  Weld  .    .  200.00 

William  P.  Wharton 100.00 

Mrs.  Stephen  G.  Wheatland     .    .    .  100.00 

George  R.  White 1,000.00 

William  Whitman 100.00 

John  D.  Williams 100.00 

Hobert  Winsor 100.00 


$5,035.00 


Amount  carried  forward,  .   . 


21,175.00 


$26,210.00 


GIFTS   FOR   IMMEDIATE    USE  31 

Amount  brought  forward,  .    .    .  $26,210.00 

Graduate  School  of  Arts  and  Sciences: 
Loan  Fund: 

The  Society  of  Harvard  Dames    .    .  59.15 

Astronomical  Observatory : 

Draper  Memorial : 

Mary  Anna  Palmer  Draper   (Mrs. 

Henry  Draper),  Estate  of  .    .    .  4,000.00 

Publications : 

The  American  Association  of  Variable 

Star  Observers $1,000.00 

John  J.  Crane .  25.00 

Mrs.  James  R.  Jewett 1,000.00  2,025.00 


Bermuda  Biological  Station  for  Research: 

General  Purposes : 

George  R.  Agassiz $200.00 

William  Sturgis  Bigelow 200.00 

Ernest  B.  Dane 250.00 

Nathaniel  T.  Kidder 50.00 

Dudley  L.  Pickman 25.00  725.00 

Blue  Hill  Meteorological  Observatory: 
Salaries: 

Mrs.  Henry  Parkman,  Jr 1,500.00 

Botanical  Museum: 

Present  Use: 

Anonymous $2,000.00 

Miss  Susan  Minns 500.00 

Miss  Mary  Lee  Ware 1,384.16  3,884.16 

Graduate  School  of  Business  Administration : 

Case  System  of  Teaching: 

Robert  Amory $75.00 

George  F.  Baker,  Jr 250.00 

James  Byrne 1,000.00 

Howard  Coonley 75.00 

Howard  Elliott 500.00 

Charles  S.  Fairchild 500.00 

Amounts  carried  forward,  .    .    .    $2,400.00         $38,403.31 


32                                      GIFTS   FOR   IMMEDIATE  USE 

Amounts  brought  forward, .    .    .  $2,400.00          $38,403.31 

Graduate  School  of  Business  Administration  (continued) : 

Case  System  of  Teaching  (continued) : 

Ernest  W.  Hulet 150.00 

R.  H.  Macy  and  Company    ....  500.00 

J.  Pierpont  Morgan 2,000.00 

Robert  P.  Perkins 1,000.00 

John  W.  Prentiss 500.00 

Thomas  W.  Slocum 1,000.00 

James  J.  Storrow 1,000.00 

Harold  S.  Vanderbilt 500.00 

Thomas  H.  White 150.00              9,200.00 

Guaranteed  Deficit  Fund: 

Arthur  Adams $1,000.00 

Robert  Amory 50.00 

Anonymous 575.00 

Walter  C.  Baylies 3,000.00 

Morris  A.  Black 150.00 

Henry  Herrick  Bond 50.00 

Edward  D.  Brandegee 100.00 

Howard  Coonley 75.00 

William  W.  Duncan 25.00 

Paul  E.  Fitzpatrick 75.00 

Edwin  Farnham  Greene 100.00 

Frederic  C.  Hood 50.00 

Frank  P.  Huckins 25.00 

James  H.  Hustis,  Jr 25.00 

Charles  H.  Jones 75.00 

Clement  R.  Lamson 25.00 

John  S.  Lawrence 575.00 

Herbert  W.  Mason 200.00 

Winfield  L.  Shaw 100.00 

Galen  L.  Stone 3,000.00 

James  J.  Storrow 2,000.00 

Adin  N.Wright 25.00 

Leonard  M.  Wright 25.00            11,325.00 


Library  of  the  Graduate  School  of  Business 
Administration : 

Frederick  L.  Olmsted \  for  books  in 

John  C.  Olmsted        /Accounting  .  125.00 


Loan  Fund: 


Joseph  August $25.00 

Sterling  R.  Carrington 12.50 


Amounts  carried  forward,  .    .    .         $37.50  $59,053.31 


GIFTS   FOR   IMMEDIATE    USE 

Amounts  brought  forward, .    .    .  $37.50 


Graduate  School  of  Business  Administration  {continued) : 


Loan  Fund  {continued) 


George  E.  Cole  .  .  . 
Albert  P.  Everts  .  . 
Whitcomb  B.  Fairfield 
Paul  E.  Fitzpatrick  . 
George  Gund  .... 
James  Scott  Hamilton 
George  N.  Janis  .  .  . 
Thomas  R.  Jones  . .  . 
Henry  T.  Myers  .  .  . 
Raymond  M.  Roberts 
Frank  M.  Sawtell  .  . 
John  F.  Spence  .  .  . 
Edward  G.  Stacy  .  . 
Raymond  Stout  .  .  . 
Charles  A.  Whipple     . 


Course  in  Printing: 

United  Typothetae  of  America 


Prizes: 


George  O.  May 


Research: 

Alvan  T.  Simonds: 

Securities  valued  at 


50.00 

25.00 

5.00 

100.00 

100.00 

25.00 

5.00 

10.00 

100.00 

25.00 

5.00 

100.00 
12.50 
25.00 
25.00 


33 

$59,053.31 


650.00 

1,756.77 
150.00 

4,627.50 


Bussey  Institution: 
Salaries: 

Richard  T.  Fisher 

College: 

Department  of  Astronomy  and  Navigation: 

Weld  Arnold $5.00 

William  Duane 5.00 

Edwin  H.Hall 5.00 

Augustus  Hemenway 100.00 

Clarence  E.  Kelley 5.00 

Theodore  Lyman     .........  10.00 

George  W.  Pierce 10.00 

Harlan  T.  Stetson 5.00 

George  C.  Whipple 5.00 

Robert  W.  Willson 20.00 


Amount  carried  forward, 


1,200.00 


170.00 


$67,607.58 


34  GIFTS   FOR    IMMEDIATE    USE 

Amount  brought  forward,  .    .    .  $67,607.58 

College  (continued): 

Division  of  Chemistry: 

For  the  construction  and  maintenance  of 
a  library  and  reading-room,  in  memory 
of  Frederic  Saltonstall  Gould  of  the  Class 
of  1875: 

Mrs.  Frederic  Saltonstall  Gould  .    .  10,000.00 

"Du  Pont  Fellowship": 

E.    I.    du   Pont   de   Nemours   and 

Company 750.00 

Department  of  the  Classics : 

Francis  R.  Appleton $50.00 

James  Byrne 100.00  150.00 

Department  of  Economics: 
Library: 

Frank  W.  Taussig 50.00 

Publications : 

Anonymous 160.00 

Research: 

Philip  Cabot 1,500.00 

Department  of  English : 

George  C.  Beals 50.00 

Division  of  The  Fine  Arts: 
Prizes: 

Henry  S.  Bowers 75.00 

Division  o*  Geology: 

Department  of  Geology  and  Geography: 

"a   friend   of   the    Department   of 

Geology  and  Geography"  .    .    .        $100.00 
Louis  C.  Graton 50.00  150.00 

Department  of  Economic  Geology: 

John  E.  Wolff 250.00 

Amount  carried  forward,  .    .    .  $80,742.58 


GIFTS   FOR   IMMEDIATE   USE  35 

Amount  brought  forward, .    .    .  $80,742.58 

College  (continued): 

Division  of  Geology  (continued) : 

Department  of  Mineralogy  and  Petrog- 
raphy: 

Rodolphe  L.  Agassiz $100.00 

Livingston  Davis 25.00 

Guerdon  S.  Holden 500.00 

Edward  Wigglesworth 100.00                 725.00 

Department  of  Government: 
Municipal  Government: 

Frank  Graham  Thomson 5,000.00 

Bureau  of  Municipal  Research: 

Robert  F.  Herrick $200.00 

Clarke  Thomson      1,250.00 

Frank  Graham  Thomson 1,250.00  2,700.00 

Special  Expenses: 

William  Bennett  Munro 27.35 

Department  of  History : 
Fellowships : 

Archibald  Cary  Coolidge 200.00 

Division  of  Music : 

Percy  Lee  Atherton $110.00 

W.  Kirkpatrick  Brice 200.00 

John  W.  Frothingham 100.00 

Edward  B.Hill 20.00 

Mrs.  Edward  B.  Hill 25.00 

Otto  H.  Kahn 50.00 

Horatio  A.  Lamb 100.00 

Dave  H.  Morris 50.00 

Philip  L.  Spalding 75.00 

Walter  R.  Spalding 50.00 

Paul  M.  Warburg 50.00                830.00 

Division  of  Philosophy: 

Library  of  the  Division  of  Philosophy: 

Reginald  C.  Robbins 200.00 

Amount  carried  forward,  .    .    .  $90,424.93 


36  GIFTS   FOR   IMMEDIATE    USE 

Amount  brought  forward,  .    .    .  '$90,424.93 

College  (continued): 

Division  of  Philosophy  (continued) : 
Publications : 

G.  Howland  Shaw 1,000.00 

Division  of  Physics : 

To  be  added  to  the  income  of  the  Ernest 
B.  Dane  Fund: 

Anonymous      $2,500.00 

Edward  Kunhardt  Warren    ....  50.00  2,550.00 


To  be  added  to  the  income  of  the  En- 
dowment Fund  of  the  Jefferson  Physical 
Laboratory : 

Anonymous $7,500.00 

Henry  Lyman 1,500.00  9,000.00 

Services  and  Wages: 

Anonymous: 

Cash $100.00 

Securities  valued  at     .....       3,650.00  3,750.00 

To  meet  the  cost  of  a  storage  battery  for 
the  Jefferson  Physical  Laboratory: 

Robert  Amory $250.00 

George  T.  Cruft 250.00 

Malcolm  Donald 250.00 

George  O.  Muhlfeld 250.00 

Elihu  Thomson 250.00 

Eliot  Wadsworth 250.00  1,500.00 

Department  of  Social  Ethics : 
Services  and  Wages : 

Mrs.  Richard  C.  Cabot 500.00 

Beneficiary  Funds : 

The  Dr.  Andrew  P.  Peabody  Memorial 
Fund: 

Charles  F.  Dole 100.00 


Amount  carried  forward,    .    .    .  $108,824.93 


GIFTS   FOR   IMMEDIATE    USE  37 

Amount  brought  forward, .    .    .  $108,824.93 

College  (continued): 

Fellowships : 

Roosevelt  Research : 

Roosevelt     Memorial     Association, 

Incorporated 425.00 

Spanish- American : 

George  L.  Lincoln 500.00 

Loan  Funds : 

William  Elwood  Byerly  Loan  Fund: 

Anonymous 50.00 

Dean's  Loan  Fund: 

Frank  W.  Taussig 200.00 

Prizes: 

Jeremy  Belknap : 

Philippe  B.  Marcou 50.00 

Harvard  Club  of  North  China 100.00 

"The  Oliver  Morosco  Dramatic  Prize": 

Oliver  Morosco 500.00 

"The  Richard  Sears  Prize": 

Richard  Sears 100.00 

Salaries: 

Anonymous $325.00 

S.  Marcus  Fechheimer 100.00 

Friendship  Fund,  Incorporated     .    .  5,000.00 

Mrs.  Joseph  M.  Herman 50.00 

Godfrey  M.  Hyams 500.00 

James  R.  Jewett      900.00 

Louis  E.  Kirstein 150.00 

Abraham  Koshland 50.00 

Thomas  W.  Lamont 300.00 

Irving  Lehman 1,100.00 

T.  Lawrason  Riggs      200.00 

James  N.  Rosenberg 100.00 

Al.  A.  Rosenbush 50.00 

Mortimer  L.  Schiff      250.00 

Louis  Ziegel 50.00             9,125.00 


Amount  carried  forward,  .    .    .  $119,874.93 


38  GIFTS   FOR   IMMEDIATE    USE 

Amount  brought  forward,  .    .    .  $119,874.93 

College  (continued): 
Scholarships : 

Wolcott  Gibbs: 

E.  Kirby  Newburger 250.00 

Julian  Henry  Reinherz : 

Mrs.  Etta  Barite  Reinherz     ....  250.00 

Ricardo  Prize  Scholarship: 

Anonymous ,.  350.00 

Charles  Sumner: 

Charles  Sumner  Bird 200.00 

Harvard  Clubs  Scholarships: 

Associated 2,100.00 

Boston 898.12 

Buffalo 375.00 

Chicago 1,000.00 

Cincinnati 300.00 

Cleveland 800.00 

Connecticut 200.00 

Connecticut  Valley 200.00 

Fitchburg 200.00 

Kansas  City,  Mo 200.00 

Long  Island 250.00 

Lowell 600.00 

Maryland      250.00 

Michigan 250.00 

Milton 500.00 

Nebraska      100.00 

New  England  Federation 200.00 

New  Jersey 250.00 

Western  Pennsylvania 350.00 

Rhode  Island 50.00 

Rochester,  N.  Y 240.00 

St.  Louis 300.00 

San  Francisco 350.00 

Santa  Barbara 400.00 

Seattle 300.00 

Somerville 100.00 

Washington,  D.  C 600.00 

Worcester 200.00 

Amount  carried  forward,    .    .    .  $132,488.05 


Col 


GIFTS    FOR   IMMEDIATE    USE 


Amount  brought  forward, 


ollege  (continued): 

Scholarships  (continued) : 

Young  Men's  Christian  Associations  of 
Delaware,  Maryland,  West  Virginia 
and  the  District  of  Columbia    .    .    . 

Young  Men's  Christian  Associations  of 
New  Jersey 

To  be  added  to  the  income  of  the  Teachers' 
Endowment  Fund: 

Edwin  H.  Abbot 


39 

$132,488.05 


50.00 


150.00 


200.00 


Dental  School: 

Current  Expenses : 

Frank  Perrin 


Fund  for  Visiting  Committees: 
Charles  H.  Abbot    .    , 


Fred  W.  Allen  .    .    . 
Lawrence  W.  Baker 
Charles  A.  Brackett 
Walter  H.  Chambers 
Charles  E.  B.  Chase 
John  W.  Cooke    .    . 
William  P.  Cooke    . 
Ralph  C.  Curtis  .    . 
Frank  H.  Cushman 
Harold  J.  Cutler 
Martin  B.  Dill     .    . 
F.  Chester  Durant  . 
Forrest  G.  Eddy  .    . 
Charles  W.  Goetz    . 
Ralph  E.  Gove     .    . 
Amos  I.  Hadley  .    . 
Julius  F.  Hovestad 
Horace  L.  Howe  .    . 
Allan  M.  Johnson 
Paul  B.  LeBaron     . 
Chauncey  N.  Lewis 
Arthur  A.  Libby  .    . 
Sterling  N.  Loveland 
Frank  R.  McCullagh 
George  H.  Monks 
Leonard  D.  Nathan 


$25.00 
25.00 
50.00 
10.00 
12.50 
50.00 
25.00 
50.00 
25.00 
25.00 
25.00 
50.00 
50.00 
50.00 
10.00 
50.00 
50.00 
50.00 
25.00 
12.50 
25.00 
25.00 
50.00 
25.00 
25.00 
50.00 
50.00 


10.00 


Amounts  carried  forward,  . 


$920.00       $132,898.05 


40 


GIFTS   FOR   IMMEDIATE    USE 


Amounts  brought  forward,    .    .    . 

Dental  School  (continued) : 

Fund  for  Visiting  Committees  (continued) : 

Norman  B.  Nesbett 

Joseph  W.  Nevins 

Arthur  J.  Oldham 

Harold  L.  Peacock 

Maurice  E.  Peters 

Charles  G.  Pike 

Arthur  V.  Rogers 

Reinhold  Ruelberg 

Harmon  Shohet 

Judson  C.  Slack 

Eugene  H.  Smith 

J.  Mark  Smith 

Homer  C.  Sowles 

David  F.  Spinney 

KurtH.Thoma 

John  T.  Timlin -  .    . 

Benjamin  Tishler 

Clarence  B.  Vaughan 

Charles  T.  Warner 

George  H.  Wright 

Eugene  B.  Wyman 

Divinity  School: 

Library  of  the  Divinity  School: 

Society   for   Promoting  Theological 
Education 


$920.00       $132,898.05 


50.00 
12.50 
25.00 
25.00 
50.00 
25.00 
25.00 
25.00 
25.00 
50.00 
50.00 
25.00 
25.00 
25.00 
25.00 
25.00 
25.00 
25.00 
25.00 
25.00 
25.00  1,532.50 


Graduate  School  of  Education: 

To  be  added  to  the  income  of  the  Charles  W. 
Eliot  Fund: 


Anonymous 

Committee  of  the  Permanent  Charity 
Fund  Incorporated 

$15.00 
500.00 

515.00 

Psycho-Educational  Clinic: 

Current  Expenses: 

Mrs.  Edward  H.  Harriman   .... 

3,000.00 

Salaries: 

Joseph  Lee 

3,500.00 

Amount  carried  forward, .    .    . 

$142,945.55 

GIFTS   FOR   IMMEDIATE    USE 
Amount  brought  forward,  .    .    . 


Engineering  School : 

Research  in  Cryogenic  Engineering: 
Research  Corporation     .    . 


The  William  Hayes  Fogg  Art  Museum: 
Excavations  in  Greek  Lands: 

Anonymous 


For  the  purchase  of  "The  Dwarf",  by  Goya: 
Mrs.  Henry  H.  Sherman    .... 


For  the  purchase  of  Mr.  Lochoff's  copy  of 
fresco,  by  Benozzo  Gozzli: 


41 

$142,945.55 

3,800.00 

10,000.00 
6,000.00 


Anonymous 

$500.00 

Anonymous 

500.00 

Bernhard  Berenson 

500.00 

Mrs.  Waldo  E.  Forbes 

500.00 

Carl  W.  Hamilton  .    . 

200.00 

A.  Kingsley  Porter 

500.00              2,700.00 

"The  Society  of  Friends  of  the  Fogg  Art 

Museum" 

4,665.00 

Mrs.  Copley  Amory 

Joseph  C.  Hoppin 

William  Sumner  Appleton 

Alfred  Johnson 

Mrs.  Harrison  O.  Apthorp 

Thomas  W.  Lamont 

Mrs.  John  W.  Bartol 

Arthur  Lehman 

Gordon  Knox  Bell 

Herbert  H.  Lehman 

Bernhard  Berenson 

Philip  Lehman 

George  Blumenthal 

Robert  Lehman 

Henry  S.  Bowers 

Charles  J.  Liebmann 

Mrs.  Henry  R.  Bowser 

Philip  M.  Lydig 

Miss  Ellen  T.  Bullard 

Edwin  V.  Morgan 

Heman  Merrick  Burr 

J.  Pierpont  Morgan 

Mrs.  Heman  Merrick  Burr 

John  Lord  O' Brian 

Arthur  Astor  Carey 

Bradley  W.  Palmer 

Charles  T.  Carruth 

Potter  Palmer 

Waddill  Catchings 

John  C.  Phillips 

Percy  H.  Clark 

A.  Kingsley  Porter 

Harold  J.  Coolidge 

Joseph  M.  Proskauer 

J.  Randolph  Coolidge,  Jr. 

Eben  Richards 

Miss  Hester  Cunningham 

Mrs.  John  Wallace  Riddle 

Harold  W.  Dana 

Julius  Rosenwald 

Edwin  S.  Dodge 

Arthur  Sachs 

Amount  carried  forward,   .    .    .                             $170,110.55 

42 


GIFTS   FOR   IMMEDIATE    USE 


Amount  brought  forward,  .    .    .  $170,110.55 

The  William  Hayes  Fogg  Art  Museum  (continued) : 

"  The  Society  of  Friends  of  the  Fogg  Art 
Museum  (continued) : 

Mrs.  Ludwig  Dreyfuss  Barney  Sachs 

Charles  B.  Eddy  Harry  Sachs 

Richard  Ederheimer  Paul  J.  Sachs 

Corbin  Edgell  Mrs.  Samuel  Sachs 

Harold  L.  Ehrich  Walter  E.  Sachs 

Walter  L.  Ehrich  George  Sarton 
William  Emerson  and  Mrs.         Mortimer  L.  Schiff 

Emerson  Donald  Scott 

Martin  Erdmann  Frederick  Cheever  Shattuck 

Albert  R.  Erskine  Thomas  W.  Slocum 

Edward  W.  Forbes  Eliot  Spalding 

F.  Murray  Forbes  James  A.  Stillman 
Mrs.  Waldo  E.  Forbes  Herbert  N.  Straus 
Miss  Louise  Fitz  John  H.  Sturgis 
Miss  Helen  Clay  Frick  Horace  M.  Swope 
Lee  M.  Friedman  Fritz  B.  Talbot 
B.  Apthorp  Gould  Fuller  J.  Collins  Warren 

G.  Peabody  Gardner,  Jr.  Frederic  C.  Weld 
Henry  Goldman  Richard  Wheatland 
Julius  Goldman  Alexander  M.  White 
Charles  C.  Goodrich  James  Piatt  White 
Arthur  F.  Gotthold  Grenville  L.  Winthrop 
Morris  Gray,  Jr.  Clement  B.  Wood 
Thomas  S.  Hathaway 

"Museum  Equipment  and  Emergency  Fund": 

Anonymous      $50.00 

Henry  S.  Bowers 1,000.00 

Waddill  Catchings 250.00 

William  C.  Endicott  and  Mrs.  Endi- 

cott 50.00 

Mrs.  Ralph  Emerson  Forbes  ....  200.00 

W.  Cameron  Forbes 300.00 

Arthur  Lehman 100.00 

Robert  Lehman 400.00 

Guy  Murchie 25.00 

Arthur  Sachs 500.00 

Harry  Sachs 1,000.00 

Howard  J.  Sachs 250.00 

Samuel  Sachs 500.00 

Walter  E.  Sachs 250.00 

Mrs.  William  Austin  Wadsworth     .  50.00 

Roger  S.  Warner 100.00             5,025.00 


Amount  carried  forward,  .   . 


$175,135.55 


GIFTS   FOR    IMMEDIATE    USE 


43 


Amount  brought  forward,  .    .    .  $175,135.55 

"he  William  Hayes  Fogg  Art  Museum  (continued) : 

"Teaching  Equipment  Fund": 

Mrs.  Ludwig  Dreyfuss $100.00 

Edward  W.  Forbes 475.00 

Mrs.  Courtland  Hoppin 100.00 

Joseph  C.  Hoppin 100.00 

Alfred  Johnson 25.00 

Percival  Hall  Lombard 25.00 

Paul  J.  Sachs 75.00                900.00 

Wolcott  Gibbs  Memorial  Laboratory: 
Research: 

Anonymous 5,000.00 


Gray  Herbarium: 

Present  Use: 

Rodolphe  L.  Agassiz $10.00 

Mrs.  James  Barr  Ames 10.00 

Anonymous 25.00 

Anonymous 25.00 

Walter  C.  Baylies 10.00 

Thomas  P.  Beal      10.00 

William  Sturgis  Bigelow 40.00 

Mrs.  Francis  Blake 5.00 

Miss  Sarah  F.  Bremer 10.00 

Edward  M.  Brewer 10.00 

Allston  Burr  and  Mrs.  Burr  ....  10.00 

Miss  Marian  R.  Case 25.00 

Miss  Louise  H.  Coburn      10.00 

Mrs.  James  M.  Codman 10.00 

In  memory  of  Francis  H.  Cummings  10.00 

Mrs.  Frank  A.  Day      10.00 

Walter  Deane 10.00 

Henry  F.  Du  Pont 25.00 

Mrs.  John  W.  Elliot 5.00 

William  Endicott 10.00 

Alexander  Forbes 20.00 

Mrs.  William  H.  Forbes 5.00 

Mrs.  Louis  A.  Frothingham  ....  50.00 

Miss  Emily  Gray 10.00 

Miss  Harriet  Gray 10.00 

Mrs.  Augustus  Hemenway    ....  10.00 

Joseph  P.  B.  Henshaw 10.00 

Miss  Katharine  Horsford 5.00 


Amounts  carried  forward,  .    .    .       $400.00        $181,035.55 


44  GIFTS   FOR   IMMEDIATE    USE 

Amounts  brought  forward,  .    .    .  $400.00        $181,035.55 

Gray  Herbarium  (continued) : 

Present  Use  (continued) : 

Clement  S.  Houghton 20.00 

Miss  Elizabeth  G.  Houghton    .    .    .  10.00 

Henry  S.  Howe 10.00 

Mrs.  Arthur  Hunnewell 100.00 

Francis  W.  Hunnewell 25.00 

Walter  Hunnewell 10.00 

Miss  Anna  P.  Jackson 10.00 

Edward  C.  Johnson 10.00 

Charles  A.  Kidder 10.00 

Nathaniel  T.  Kidder 25.00 

David  P.  Kimball 25.00 

Miss  Lulu  S.  Kimball 10.00 

Mrs.  Gardiner  M.  Lane 50.00 

Joseph  Lee 25.00 

Joseph  R.  Leeson 100.00 

Mrs.  George  F.  Linder 25.00 

Augustus  P.  Loring 25.00 

Miss  Katharine  P.  Loring      ....  10.00 

Miss  Louisa  P.  Loring 10.00 

William  Caleb  Loring 10.00 

Mrs.  Thornton  K.  Lothrop   ....  10.00 

Miss  Ellen  F.  Mason 10.00 

Miss  Fanny  P.  Mason 10.00 

Miss  Susan  Minns 25.00 

Grenville  H.  Norcross 10.00 

Mrs.  Otis  Norcross 10.00 

James  L.  Paine 10.00 

Mrs.  John  C.  Phillips 10.00 

Mrs.  Dudley  L.  Pickman  ......  20.00 

David  Pingree      25.00 

Miss  Elizabeth  C.  Putnam     ....  5.00 

William  L.  Richardson 25.00 

Denman  W.  Ross 10.00 

Mrs.  M.  Denman  Ross 15.00 

Mrs.  Waldo  O.  Ross 10.00 

Mrs.  Robert  S.  Russell 50.00 

Mrs.  J.  Montgomery  Sears    ....  10.00 

Mrs.  Knyvet  W.  Sears 30.00 

Francis  P.  Sprague 15.00 

Nathaniel  H.  Stone 10.00 

John  E.Thayer 100.00 

Charles  C.  Walker 10.00 

Miss  Caroline  E.  Ward 10.00 

Frank  G.  Webster  and  Mrs.  Webster  50.00 


Amounts  carried  forward,  .    .    .    $1,410.00        $181,035.55 


GIFTS    FOR    IMMEDIATE    USE  45 

Amounts  brought  forward,  .    .    .     $1,410.00       $181,035.55 


Gray  Herbarium  (continued) : 
Present  Use  (continued) : 


Miss  Adelia  C.  Williams 
John  D.  Williams    .    .    . 


100.00 
25.00 


1,535.00 


Law  School: 

Library  of  the  Law  School: 
Jesse  H.  Metcalf 


50.00 


Salaries: 


Jonathan  B.  Hay  ward : 
Securities  valued  at 


Scholarships : 

Edgar  Joseph  Meyer  Research  Scholarship : 
Walter  E.  Meyer 

Chester  D.  Pugsley  Post-Graduate: 

Chester  D.  Pugsley 


Young  Men's  Christian  Association  of 
Oregon  and  Idaho 

Unrestricted: 

Charles  S.  Bowen,  Estate  of     .    .    . 
John  G.  Buchanan 


Library: 

Publications : 


Francis  R.  Appleton 
Thomas  Barbour  . 
Frank  B.  Bemis  .  . 
James  Byrne  .  .  . 
Allen  Curtis  .  .  . 
Henry  S.  Howe  .  . 
William  S.  Patten  . 
Henry  S.  Van  Duzer 
William  A.  White    . 


Amount  carried  forward, 


$1,000.00 
60.00 


$100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 


12,636.00 


350.00 


200.00 


50.00 


1,060.00 


900.00 


$197,816.55 


46  GIFTS   FOR   IMMEDIATE    USE 

Amount  brought  forward,  .    .    .  $197,816.55 

Library  (continued): 

Purchase  of  Books  for  the  College  Library: 


for  early  $50.00 

Florentine         50.00 
books  .  50.00 


Anonymous 

George  Lyman  Kittredge 

John  L.  Lowes 

George  C.  Beals,  for  duplicate  books 

for  English  33 50.00 

George  C.  Beals,  for  the  purchase  of 

library  material  for  English  33  25.00 

William  Sturgis  Bigelow,  for  books 

on  Tibet 500.00 

Charles  S.  Bowen,  Estate  of,  "for 

the  purchase  of  books  in  the 

College  Library" 1,000.00 

James  Dean,  for  the  purchase  of  The 

Chronicles  of  America  and  How 


America  Went  to  War     .... 

309.00 

Mrs.  Luther  S.  Livingston     .... 

12.90 

James  Loeb,  for  Labor  periodicals    . 

100.00 

Walter  W.  Naumburg,  for  books  on 

Shakespere 

100.00 

Edgar  H.  Wells,  for  the  purchase  of 

Lady  Glenconner's  life  of  her  son 

4.15 

Charles  E.  Whitmore 

10.00 

Special  Expenses : 

Francis  R.  Appleton 

$97.00 

Fred  W.  Atkinson 

95.00 

Joseph  H.  Clark 

36.00 

Henry  G.  Leach 

395.00 

J.  Pierpont  Morgan 

2,500.00 

Mrs.  Murray  Anthony  Potter  .    .    . 

50.00 

Medical  School: 

Department  of  Anatomy: 

Salaries: 

John  L.  Bremer 

2,261.05 


3,173.00 


2,306.13 

Department  of  Neuropathology: 
Research: 

William  N.  Bullard 1,000.00 


Amount  carried  forward,    .    .   .  $206,556.73 


GIFTS   FOR   IMMEDIATE    USE  47 

Amount  brought  forward,  .    .    .  $206,556.73 

Medical  School  (continued) : 
Department  of  Physiology: 
Services  and  Wages : 

Alexander  Forbes 2,935.00 


Department    of    Preventive    Medicine    and 
Hygiene: 

Division  of  Industrial  Hygiene: 

American  Optical  Company  ....  $250.00 
American  Telephone  and  Telegraph 

Company 1,000.00 

American  Woolen  Company  ....  1,000.00 

Walter  Baker  and  Company,  Limited  200.00 
Brown  and  Sharpe  Manufacturing 

Company 500.00 

Calumet  and  Hecla  Mining  Company  1,000.00 

Richard  T.  Crane,  Jr 1,000.00 

The    Edison    Electric    Illuminating 

Company  of  Boston 200.00 

John  W.Elliot 100.00 

Wendell  Endicott 100.00 

General  Electric  Company    ....  1,000.00 

Great  Falls  Manufacturing  Company  250.00 

Harmony  Mills 500.00 

Ipswich  Mills .  500.00 

Charles  C.  Jackson 100.00 

Lancaster  Mills 500.00 

Lawrence  Manufacturing  Company  500.00 

Lockwood,  Greene  and  Company     .  500.00 

Ludlow  Manufacturing  Associates  .  250.00 

J.  Franklin  McElwain 100.00 

Edward  Mallinckrodt,  Jr 250.00 

Massachusetts  Gas  Companies     .    .  200.00 

J.  Pierpont  Morgan 500.00 

Nashua  Manufacturing  Company    .  500.00 

The  New  Jersey  Zinc  Company    .    .  5,000.00 

O'Bannon  Corporation 250.00 

Pacific  Mills 1,000.00 

St.  Joseph  Lead  Company     ....  1,000.00 

Galen  L.  Stone 1,000.00 

Walworth  Manufacturing  Company  500.00 

George  R.  White 1,000.00            20,750.00 


Amount  carried  forward,   .   .   .  $230,241.73 


48 


GIFTS   FOR   IMMEDIATE    USE 


Amount  brought  forward, .    .    . 

Medical  School  (continued) : 

Department    of    Preventive    Medicine    and 
Hygiene  (continued): 

Fund  for  the  study  of  health  conditions 
in  Department  Stores: 

Chandler  and  Company,  Incorporated 

Gilchrist  Company      .... 

The  Halle  Brothers  Company 

L.  P.  Hollander  Company 

Joseph  Home  Company     . 

Jordan  Marsh  Company    . 

Lord  and  Taylor      .... 

L.  S.  Plaut  and  Company 

Shepard  Norwell  Company 

E.  T.  Slattery  Company    . 

R.  H.  Stearns  Company     . 

R.  H.  White  Company  .    . 

Woodward  and  Lothrop,  Incorporated 


$230,241.73 


$250.00 
500.00 
350.00 
250.00 
350.00 
750.00 
500.00 
250.00 
250.00 
250.00 
150.00 
500.00 
350.00 


Publications: 

William  Sturgis  Bigelow     .... 

Mrs.  James  C.  Melvin 

Frederick  Cheever  Shattuck      .    .    . 
Mrs.  Frederick  Cheever  Shattuck    . 

$1,000.00 
1,000.00 
1,000.00 
1,000.00 

Department  of  Surgery: 
Surgical  Laboratory : 

Anonymous      $1,000.00 

William  Sturgis  Bigelow 1,000.00 

Department  of  Tropical  Medicine : 

Anonymous $2,500.00 

William  Sturgis  Bigelow 1,000.00 

Allen  Curtis      100.00 

Galen  L.  Stone 400.00 

Library  of  the  Medical  School: 

First-year  class  in  the  Medical  School  $25.00 

EUiott  P.  Joslin 25.00 


Loan  Fund: 

Harriet  P.  Keith: 

Harriet  P.  Keith  (Mrs.  Herbert  J. 
Keith),  Estate  of 


4,700.00 


4,000.00 


2,000.00 


4,000.00 


50.00 


500.00 


Amount  carried  forward, 


$245,491.73 


GIFTS   FOR   IMMEDIATE    USE  49 

Amount  brought  forward,   .    .    .  $245,491.73 


Medical  School  (continued) : 
Research  • 

William  N.  Bullard 1,000.00 

Salaries : 

Anonymous $1,000.00 


Mrs.  Charles  Sumner  Bird     .... 

100.00 

Miss  Sarah  F.  Bremer 

250.00 

Mrs.  Shepherd  Brooks 

250.00 

Mrs.  W.  Scott  Fitz 

250.00 

A  Friend 

1,500.00 

Harvard  Medical  Alumni  Association 

2,425.00 

Mrs.  Francis  L.  Higginson     .... 

100.00 

Miss  Louisa  P.  Loring 

10.00 

Mrs.  Charles  E.  Mason 

250.00 

Helen  Rotch  (Mrs.  Thomas  Morgan 

Rotch),  Estate  of    ...... 

272.12 

Mrs.  Robert  S.  Russell 

100.00 

Unrestricted: 

Ernest  M.  Daland 

$11.36 

Hubert  M.  English 

225.00 

The.  Cancer  Commission  of  Harvard  University : 

New  Laboratory  Fund: 

Anonymous $750.00 

Anonymous 1,000.00 

Anonymous 500.00 

Anonymous 2,000.00 

Anonymous      100.00 

Charles  F.  Ayer 50.00 

Mrs.  Walter  C.  Baylies 500.00 

Frank  B.  Bemis 250.00 

Mellen  Bray  Estate,  Trustees  of  .    .  5,000.00 

Mrs.  J.  Nicholas  Brown 500.00 

Miss  Katherine  E.  Bullard    ....  300.00 

Miss  Amy  W.  Cabot 100.00 

Mrs.  Arthur  Tracy  Cabot      ....  1,000.00 

Frederick  P.  Cabot 5,000.00 

Godfrey  L.  Cabot 1,000.00 

Samuel  Cabot 200.00 

Mrs.  Humphrey  Chadbourne    .    .    .  250.00 

Costello  C.  Converse 2,500.00 

Mrs.  Costello  C.  Converse     ....  2,500.00 


6,507.12 


236.36 


Amounts  carried  forward,  .   .    .  $23,500.00        $253,235.21 


50                                     GIFTS   FOR   IMMEDIATE  USE 

Amounts  brought  forward,  .    .    .  $23,500.00        $253,235.21 

Medical  School  (continued) : 

The  Cancer  Commission  of  Harvard  University 
(continued) : 

New  Laboratory  Fund  (continued) : 

Mrs.  T.  Jefferson  Coolidge    ....  1,000.00 

Mrs.  George  G.  Crocker  ......  250.00 

H.  Nelson  Emmons 25.00 

"In  memory  of  C.  S.  F." 1,000.00 

Mrs.  W.  Scott  Fitz 1,000.00 

Mrs.  Ralph  Emerson  Forbes     .    .    .  200.00 

Mrs.  Louis  A.  Frothingham      .    .    .  1,000.00 

Miss  Harriet  Gray      100.00 

Randolph  C.  Grew      1,000.00 

N.  Penrose  Hallowell 250.00 

John  Hancock  Mutual  Life  Insurance 

Company 30,000.00 

Charles  L.  Harding 500.00 

Miss  Ellen  R.  Hathaway 50.00 

Francis  L.  Higginson 5,000.00 

Miss  Fredrika  G.  Holden 5,000.00 

Mrs.  Amos  L.  Hopkins      1,000.00 

Henry  S.  Hunnewell 250.00 

Charles  C.  Jackson  and  Mrs.  Jackson  5,000.00 

Mrs.  Henry  P.  King 200.00 

Mrs.  Horatio  A.  Lamb 200.00 

Mrs.  Lester  Leland 1,000.00 

A.  Lawrence  Lowell  and  Mrs.  Lowell  500.00 

Daniel  A.  Lucey 100.00 

Miss  Julia  Lyman 2,000.00 

Miss  Mabel  Lyman 2,000.00 

Everett  Morss 500.00 

Mrs.  E.  Preble  Motley 100.00 

Frank  C.  Paine 100.00 

Robert  Treat  Paine,  2d      1,000.00 

William  A.  Paine 500.00 

Miss  Eleanor  S.  Parker 100.00 

George  A.  Peabody 5,000.00 

James  J.  Phelan 100.00 

Mrs.  Dudley  L.  Pickman 1,000.00 

David  Pingree 1,000.00 

Miss  Mary  Pratt 200.00 

William  L.  Putnam  and  Mrs.  Putnam  500.00 

Mrs.  Nehemiah  W.  Rice 5,000.00 

Mrs.  John  Richardson 100.00 

Richard   M.    Saltonstall   and   Mrs. 

Saltonstall 1,000.00 


Amounts  carried  forward,  .   .   .  $98,325.00        $253,235. 


GIFTS   FOR   IMMEDIATE    USE  51 


|      _ _ 

Medical  School  (continued) : 

The  Cancer  Commission  of  Harvard  University 
(continued) : 

New  Laboratory  Fund  (continued) : 

Mrs.  Francis  W.  Sargent 100.00 

Mrs.  George  S.  Silsbee 50.00 

Francis  P.  Sprague      .    .    .    .    .    .    .  50.00 

James  J.  Storrow 250.00 

Miss  Alice  P.  Tapley 100.00 

Eliot  Wadsworth 2,000.00 

Miss  Mary  Weld 4,000.00 

George  R.  White 5,000.00 

William  Whitman 5,000.00 

Edward  F.  Whitney 100.00 

Mrs.  Edward  Wigglesworth  ....  50.00          115,025.00 


Present  Use: 

"A  Friend"      1,980.00 

Salaries: 

Anonymous $500.00 

Anonymous 500.00 

Anonymous 1,000.00  2,000.00 


To  be  expended  under  the  direction  of  the 
social  service  worker: 

Franklin  W.  Moulton 50.00 


Collis  P.  Huntington  Memorial  Hospital: 

Current  Expenses : 

George  R.  Agassiz $250.00 

Rodolphe  L.  Agassiz 25.00 

Mrs.  Leonard  D.  Ahl 50.00 

Miss  Martha  A.  Alford 100.00 

Robert  Amory 20.00 

Anonymous 5.00 

Anonymous 250.00 

Anonymous 25.00 

Charles  F.  Ayer 50.00 

Miss  Ellen  S.  Bacon 50.00 

Hugh  Bancroft 25.00 

Nelson  S.  Bartlett 25.00 

Mrs.  Junius  Beebe 25.00 


Amounts  carried  forward,  .    .    .        $900.00       $372,290.21 


52  GIFTS   FOR   IMMEDIATE   USE 

Amounts  brought  forward,  .    .    .  $900.00       $372,290.21 

Medical  School  {continued) : 

Collis  P.  Huntington  Memorial  Hospital  {con- 

tinned) : 

Current  Expenses  (continued) : 

William  Sturgis  Bigelow 500.00 

Charles  S.  Bird 25.00 

George  Nixon  Black 100.00 

Mrs.  Arthur  W.  Blake 20.00 

Mrs.  Francis  Blake 50.00 

Mrs.  Edward  D.  Brandegee  ....  200.00 

Miss  Sarah  F.  Bremer 50.00 

Mrs.  Shepherd  Brooks 50.00 

Mrs.  John  A.  Burnham      10.00 

I.  Tucker  Burr 25.00 

Mrs.  Arthur  Tracy  Cabot      ....  100.00 

James  Richard  Carter 25.00 

Miss  Nellie  P.  Carter 200.00 

Miss  Georgina  S.  Cary 25.00 

Miss  Louise  W.  Case 25.00 

Miss  Marian  R.  Case 50.00 

Mrs.  Theodore  Chase 25.00 

Committee  of  the  Permanent  Charity 

Fund  Incorporated 500.00 

Mrs.  Charles  E.  Cotting 50.00 

Miss  Elizabeth  A.  Cotton      ....  150.00 

Mrs.  David  R.  Craig 100.00 

Mrs.  Francis  B.  Crowninshield     .    .  10.00 

JohnS.  Curtis 50.00 

Philip  Y.  De  Normandie 25.00 

Franklin  Dexter 100.00 

Gordon  Dexter 100.00 

John  R.  Dexter 5.00 

Miss  Hannah  M.  Edwards    ....  50.00 

Nathaniel  H.  Emmons 100.00 

William  Endicott 100.00 

John  W.  Farlow 25.00 

Miss  Fannie  M.  Faulkner      ....  25.00 

Frederick  P.  Fish 25.00 

Mrs.  W.  Scott  Fitz 50.00 

Thomas  A.  Forsyth 25.00 

Miss  Helen  Clay  Frick 250.00 

Homer  Gage 50.00 

Miss  Harriet  Gray      50.00 

Mrs.  Reginald  Gray 25.00 

Robert  B.  Greenough 40.00 


Amounts  carried  forward,  .    .    .     $4,285.00       $372,290.2] 


GIFTS    FOR    IMMEDIATE    USE  53 

Amounts  brought  forward,  .    .    .  $4,285.00  ]    $372,290.21 

Medical  School  (continued): 

Collis  P.  Huntington  Memorial  Hospital  (con- 
tinued) : 

Current  Expenses  (continued) : 

Daniel  Harrington 5.00 

Miss  Ellen  R.  Hathaway 100.00 

Horatio  Hathaway,  Jr 25.00 

Augustus  Hemenway      50.00 

Robert  F.  Herrick 100.00 

Franklin  W.  Hobbs 25.00 

Miss  Julia  W.  Holt 50.00 

William  Hooper 50.00 

Henry  Hornblower      100.00 

Clement  S.  Houghton 50.00 

Miss  Elizabeth  G.  Houghton    .    .    .  25.00 

Henry  S.  Howe 100.00 

Mrs.  Charles  W.  Hubbard     ....  60.00 
The  Humane  Society  of  the  Com- 
monwealth of  Massachusetts    .  500.00 

Henry  S.  Hunnewell 100.00 

Walter  Hunnewell 100.00 

Mrs.  Oscar  lasigi 50.00 

Charles  C.  Jackson 100.00 

Henry  Jackson 20.00 

James  Jackson 100.00 

Ellerton  James 20.00 

Edward  C.  Johnson        20.00 

Mrs.  Benjamin  M.  Jones 30.00 

Nathaniel  T.  Kidder 100.00 

David  P.  Kimball 50.00 

The  Misses  Kimball       25.00 

Mrs.  Henry  P.  King 200.00 

Horatio  A.  Lamb 25.00 

Thomas  W.  Lamont 250.00 

Mrs.  Gardiner  M.  Lane 50.00 

Mrs.  Amory  A.  Lawrence 500.00 

Lawrence  Model  Lodging  Houses     .  500.00 
George  C.  Lee  and  family,  in  memory 

of  Elizabeth  Winsor    .....  100.00 

Mrs.  Augustus  P.  Loring 50.00 

Mrs.  William  Caleb  Loring    ....  10.00 

Mrs.  Thornton  K.  Lothrop    ....  25.00 

James  W.  Maguire 25.00 

Edward  Mallinckrodt,  Jr 300.00 

Mrs.  Charles  E.  Mason      100.00 


Amounts  carried  forward,  .    .    .     $8,375.00        $372,290.21 


54  GIFTS   FOE   IMMEDIATE    USE 

Amounts  brought  forward,  .    .    .  $8,375.00       $372,290.21 

Medical  School  (continued) : 

Collis  P.  Huntington  Memorial  Hospital  (con- 
tinued) : 

Current  Expenses  (continued) : 

Miss  Fanny  P.  Mason 200.00 

Miss  Ida  M.  Mason 50.00 

Mrs.  Daniel  Merriman 25.00 

J.  Pierpont  Morgan 100.00 

Mrs.  Frank  Morison 30.00 

Miss  Frances  R.  Morse  .......  25.00 

Henry  Lee  Morse 15.00 

John  H.  Murphy 5.00 

Mrs.  Otis  Norcross 50.00 

William  H.  O'Connell 20.00 

Mrs.  Robert  Treat  Paine,  2d    .    .    .  25.00 

William  A.  Paine 200.00 

Miss  Eleanor  S.  Parker 25.00 

George  A.  Peabody 500.00 

James  J.  Phelan .  50.00 

David  Pingree 200.00 

Alexander  S.  Porter,  Jr 15.00 

Miss  Julia  C.  Prendergast     ....  200.00 

William  L.  Richardson 100.00 

Miss  Emma  Rodman 25.00 

Mrs.  Jacob  C.  Rogers 150.00 

Mrs.  Robert  S.  Russell 50.00 

John  L.  Saltonstall 100.00 

Robert  Saltonstall 100.00 

Mrs.  Francis  W.  Sargent 25.00 

Herbert  M.  Sears 100.00 

Mrs.  J.  Montgomery  Sears    ....  100.00 

Mrs.  Knyvet  W.  Sears 200.00 

Richard  D.  Sears 100.00 

Henry  S.Shaw 100.00 

Mrs.  Quincy  A.  Shaw 100.00 

Mrs.  George  S.  Silsbee 50.00 

Miss  Laura  Slocum 10.00 

John  T.  Spaulding 50.00 

William  S.  Spaulding      50.00 

Francis  P.  Sprague 100.00 

Robert  H.  Stevenson 50.00 

James  A.  Stillman 100.00 

Galen  L.  Stone 250.00 

Nathaniel  H.  Stone 100.00 

Miss  Abby  M.  Storer 25.00 


Amounts  carried  forward,  .    .    .  $12,145.00        $372,290.21 


GIFTS   FOR    IMMEDIATE  USE                                     55 

Amounts  brought  forward,  .    .    .  $12,145.00       $372,290.21 

Medical  School  {continued) : 

Collis  P.  Huntington  Memorial  Hospital  {con- 
tinued) : 

Current  Expenses  {continued) : 

Miss  Mary  G.  Storer 25.00 

Robert  W.  Storer 25.00 

James  J.  Storrow 100.00 

Edward  Clark  Streeter 50.00 

Miss  Alice  P.  Tapley 200.00 

Mrs.  Ezra  R.  Thayer 15.00 

John  E.  Thayer 200.00 

Mrs.  Nathaniel  Thayer 100.00 

Mrs.  Washington  B.  Thomas    .    .    .  25.00 

"The  Eugene  Tompkins  Memorial"  1,000.00 

Charles  H.  Traiser 25.00 

Henry  O.  Underwood 100.00 

Mrs.  Alexander  F.  Wadsworth     .    .  15.00 

Eliot  Wadsworth 100.00 

Mrs.  William  B.  Walker 50.00 

Mrs.  Bayard  Warren 100.00 

J.  Collins  Warren 100.00 

Lucius  H.  Warren 50.00 

Frank  G.  Webster 150.00 

Mrs.  Frank  G.  Webster 50.00 

Miss  Mary  Weld 1,000.00 

William  P.  Wharton 100.00 

George  R.  White 500.00 

William  Whitman 100.00 

Edward  F.  Whitney       100.00 

Frank  Whitney 25.00 

George  Wigglesworth 100.00 

Hugh  Williams 50.00 

Mrs.  Jeremiah  Williams 100.00 

Mrs.  Roger  Wolcott 25.00            16,725.00 

Toward  the  construction  of  the  new  Lying-in 
Hospital : 

General  Education  Board 300,000.00 

Peabody  Museum  of  American  Archaeology  and 
Ethnology: 

Explorations : 

William  H.  Claflin,  Jr $100.00 

Bronson  M.  Cutting 25.00 


Amounts  carried  forward,  .    .    .       $125.00        $689,015.21 


56  GIFTS   FOR   IMMEDIATE    USE 

Amounts  brought  forward,  .    .    .  $125.00        $689,015.21 

Peabody  Museum  of  American  Archaeology  and 
Ethnology  (continued): 

Explorations  (continued) : 

Lawrence  Grinnell 50.00 

Frank  E.  Guernsey 25.00 

Clarence  L.  Hay 500.00 

Augustus  Hemenway 100.00 

Henry  Hornblower 100.00 

John  M.  Longyear      100.00 

Mrs.  Thornton  K.  Lothrop   ....  300.00 

Dudley  L.  Pickman 25.00 

T.  Mitchell  Prudden  . 100.00 

Samuel  E.  Stevens 50.00 

John  E.  Thayer 50.00 

Mrs.  Thomas  E.  Whiting 100.00              1,625.00 


Library  of  the  Peabody  Museum  of  American 
Archaeology  and  Ethnology: 

John  B.  Stetson,  Jr.    .    .    v  .    .    .    .  100.00 

Present  Use: 

Augustus  Hemenway $97.00 

Charles  Peabody 100.00  197.00 

Toward  meeting  the    cost  of    opening    the 
Museum  on  Sunday  afternoons : 

Augustus  Hemenway $50.00 

Carl  T.Keller .  10.00 

John  C.  Phillips 25.00 

Henry  N.  Sweet 25.00 

Edward  Wigglesworth 25.00  135.00 


University : 

Directory  Office  Expenses: 

Anonymous 500.00 

For  the  purchase   of   the  painting,  "Three 
Hnvard  Philosophers": 

Anonymous $200.00 

F.  Douglas  Cochrane 25.00 

Alexis  I.  Du  Pont    ........  250.00 

Percy  S.  Grant 500.00 

Joseph  Lee 100.00 


Amounts  carried  forward,  .   .    .     $1,075.00       $691,572.21 


GIFTS   FOR    IMMEDIATE    USE  57 

Amounts  brought  forward,  .    .    .     $1,075,00        $691,572.21 

University  (continued) : 

For  the  purchase  of  the  painting,   "  Three 
Harvard  Philosophers  "  (continued) : 

Arthur  H.  Lockett 25.00 

Francis  J.  Oakes,  Jr 100.00 

James  J.  Storrow 250.00  1,450.00 


Retiring  Allowances: 

The   Carnegie  Foundation   for   the 

Advancement  of  Teaching     .    .  80,040.36 

Unrestricted: 

Harvard  Mutual  Foundation    .    .    .        $624.61 

Evan  Randolph 100.00  724.61 

University  Museum: 

"For  the  purchase  of  two  collections  as  a  gift 
to  the  Cryptogamic  Herbarium": 

Mrs.  William  G.  Farlow 2,000.00 

Total, $775,787.18 


Schedule  1 


SPECIAL  INVESTMENTS 

June  30,  1921 


UNIVERSITY  '..,„, 

Principal.    Net  Income. 

Caroline  M.  Barnard  Bequest  (part), 

$1,000  City  Real  Estate  Trustees,      $800.00         $50.00 

7  shares  United  Zinc  Co.,  preferred, Sold  during  yr. 

J.  Arthur  Beebe, 


Real  Estate,  Falmouth, 

Charlotte  F.  Blanchard, 

University  Houses  and  Lands, 

Martin  Brimmer, 

Real  Estate,  Cambridge,      

James  C.  Carter, 

Claverly  Trust, .... 

John  W.  Carter, 

University  Houses  and  Lands, 

John  Cowdin  (part), 

University  Houses  and  Lands, 

George  B.  Dorr, 

University  Houses  and  Lands, 

George  Draper, 

University  Houses  and  Lands, 

Charles  Church  Drew  Bequest, 

16  shares  American  Tel.  &  Tel.  Co., 

168      "      Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  R.  R., 

preferred,      

Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  R.  R., 

common, 

Buffalo,  Rochester  &  Pittsburgh  R.  R., 

common, 

Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  R.  R., 

preferred,      

Delaware  &  Hudson  R.  R., 

Lehigh  Valley  R.  R., 

Minneapolis,   St.    Paul   &   Saulte   Ste 

Marie  R.  R., 

National  Railway  of  Mexico,  2d  pfd., 
Pere  Marquette  R.  R.,  preferred,    .   . 

Union  Pacific  R.  R., 

Wisconsin  Central  R.  R.,  common,  . 
,000  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  R.  R.  4's  of  1950, 


304 

<( 

16 

<c 

16 

u 

16 

u 

24 

<( 

88 

u 

224 

a 

72 

u 

40 

a 

112 

11 

29,625.00         

4,771.33  1.56 

50,000.00         

100,000.00         

12,500.00  24.95 

32,607.04  63.95 

115,966.56  233.95 

48,458.50  96.70 

Sold  during  yr.      96.00 

13,432.00  420.00 

24,928.00      1,368.00 

928.00 


1,200.00 
1.552.00 
1,080.00 

4,400.00 
1,008.00 
2,880.00 
4,830.00 
3,136.00 
4,640.00 


48.00 

112.00 

144.00 

63.00 

352.00 

270.00 
300.00 

160.00 


Amounts  carried  forward, $458,742.43    $3,804.11 

58 


SPECIAL    INVESTMENTS 


59 


Amounts  brought  forward,      .... 

Charles  Church  Drew  Bequest  {continued). 

$8,000  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  R.  R.  Adj.  Mtg. 

of  1955, 

16,000  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  R.  R.  P.  L.  5's 

1950,      

Robert  H.  Eddy, 

University  Houses  and  Lands, 

Richard  W.  Foster, 

Real  Estate,  Cambridge, 

John  Davis  Williams  French, 

University  Houses  and  Lands, 

Christopher  Gore, 

Real  Estate,  Cambridge, 

John  C.  Gray, 

University  Houses  and  Lands, 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund  (part), 

25  shares  Abitibi  Power  &  Paper  Co . ,  Ltd . ,  com 


Principal. 

1458,742.43 


Net  Income. 
$3,804.11 


6'f 


of 


35 

5 

500 

7 

17 

135 

100 

100 

30 

2 

50 

140 

5 

25 

500 

99 

100 

1000 

50 

242 

4 

3 

1000 

90 

100 

100 

20 

28 


Acme  Packing  Co., 

Allied  Chemical  &  Drug  Co.,  .  . 
American  Locomotive  Co.,  .  .  .  . 
American  Multigraph  Co.,  common, 

American  Spinning  Co., 

American  Woolen  Co.,  common,  . 
D.  Appleton  &  Co.,  Inc.,  preferred, 
Associated  Dry  Goods  Corp.,  com., 
Baush  Machine  Tool  Co., Sold  during  yr 


5,160.00 
11,760.00 
56,787.00 
20,918.57 

5,322.09 

20,571.18 

25,000.00 

1,060.00 
175.00 
445.00 
50,000.00 
195.00 
5,100.00 
20,852.65 
9,000.00 
5,000.00 


Belmont  Cooperative  Society,  .  .  . 
Bethlehem  Steel  Co.,  com.,  Series  B, 
Bigelow-Hartford  Carpet  Co.,  com., 

Brandon  Mills, 

Brazor  Oil  Corporation,   ...... 

British- American  Tobacco  Co.,  Ltd., 

ordinary,      

Carib  Syndicate,  Ltd., 

Carson  Hill  Gold  Mining  Co.,  .  .  . 
Cascade  Silver  Mines  &  Mill  Co.,  .    . 

Claverly  Trust, 

Columbia  Graphophone  Mfg.  Co.,  com. 
Commonwealth  Petroleum  Corp.,  .  . 
Consolidated  Cigar  Corp.,  common,  . 
Consumers  Oil  &  Shale  Co.,  .  .  .  . 
Crowell  &  Thurlow  Steamship  Co.,  . 
E.  I.  du  Pont  de  Nemours  &  Co.,  .  . 
Eastern  Manufacturing  Co.,  2d  pfd., 
Eisemann  Magneto  Corp.,  preferred, 
Elders  Corporation,  common,      .    .    . 


50.00 

5,206.25 

15,110.00 

1,150.00 

500.00 

13,875.00 

5,272.04 

2,500.00 

1,000.00 

1.00 

12,359.23 

Sold  during  yr. 

164.01 

80.00 

2,220.00 

8,400.00 

9,800.00 

1,860.00 

1,036.00 


240.00 


400.00 


112.97 


3.12 


48.35 
129.47 

8.75 

3,000.00 

11.90 

1,020.00 

945.00 

1,050.00 

400.00 

60.00 

3.00 

250.00 

1,400.00 

75.00 


281.54 


165.25 

21.00 

135.00 
450.00 
700.00 
140.00 
21.00 


Amounts  carried  forward, $776,672.45    $14,875.46 


60 


SPECIAL   INVESTMENTS 


Amounts  brought  forward, 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund  (part)  {continued), 
22  shares  Emerson-Brantingham  Co.,  pfd.,    . 


110 

18 

10 

1 

30 

6 

575 

225 

50 

1 

350 
50 

160 
50 
10 

150 
20 
83 
20 
20 
15 
26 

100 

25 
5 

10 

100 

20 

10 

10 

100 

100 

10 

53 

9 

156 

15 

20 

10 

1 

1 

45 


Endicott- Johnson  Co.,  common,  .  . 
Eall  Kiver  Electric  Light  Co.,  ... 
Famous  Players-Lasky  Corp.,     .    .    . 

General  Electric  Co., 

General  Motors  Corp.,  common,     .    . 

Gillette  Safety  Kazor  Co., 

B.  E.  Goodrich  Co.,  common,  .  .  . 
Gray  &  Davis,  Inc.,  common,  .  .  . 
Great  Lakes  Power  Co.,  Ltd.,  pfd.,  . 
Henry  Jewett  Players,  Inc.,  pfd.,  .  . 
Hood  Rubber  Products  Co.,  pfd.,  .  . 
Indian  Packing  Corp.,  common,  .  . 
Inspiration  Consolidated  Copper  Co., 

Invincible  Oil  Corp., 

Lake  Placid  Co.,  preferred,  .... 
Liggetts'  International,  Ltd.  8%  pfd. 
Loose- Wiles  Biscuit  Co.,  2d  pfd., 

Manomet  Mills, 

Maolis  Land  Co.,  common,      .... 

Marine  Associates, 

Marland  Refining  Co., 

May  Department  Stores,  common, 
Molybdenum  Corporation  of  America, 

common, 

Nash  Motors  Co.,  common,  .... 
National  Aniline  &  Chemical  Co.,  pfd., 
National  Bank  of  Commerce,      .    .    . 

New  Cornelia  Copper  Co., 

New  England  Euel  Oil  Co.,  .... 
New  England  Publishers  Service,  Inc., 

preferred,    

Olympia  Theatres,  Inc., 

Pacific  Mills,  common, 

Phillips- Jones  Corp.,  common,   .    .    . 

Pond  Creek  Coal  Co., 

The  Pure  Oil  Co.,      

Revere  Securities  Co.,      

Royal  Dutch  Co.,  New  York,     .    .    . 

Saco-Lowell  Shops, 

Shawmut  Steamship  Co., 

Southern  Pacific  R.  R., 

Standard  Oil  Co.  of  New  Jersey,  com., 
Standard  Oil  Co.  of  New  Jersey,  cum 

7%  preferred, 

Stonega  Coke  &  Coal  Co.,  preferred, 

Amounts  carried  forward, $996,053.91 


Principal.       Net  Income. 

$776,672.45    $14,875.46 

2,046.00 

77.00 

14,250.64 

550.00 

1,885.50 

144.00 

Sold  during  yr 

19.60 

121.00 

896.02 

30.00 

1,075.36 

72.00 

45,968.75 

2,587.50 

10,696.87 

4,800.00 

315.00 

1.00 

35,000.00 

2,450.00 

Sold  during  yr 

12.50 

9,683.50 

320.00 

1,900.00 

505.00 

30.00 

7,812.50 

450.00 

2,060.00 

69.20 

12,406.29 

830.00 

500.00 

960.40 

40.00 

120.00 

3.76 

2,349.04 

208.00 

300.00 

10,000.00 

400.00 

Sold  during  yr. 

26.25 

2,500.00 

150.00 

2,400.00 

25.00 

1,500.00 

15.00 

> 

50.00 

3.50 

1,000.00 

70.00 

17,500.00 

1,700.00 

7,700.00 

290.00 

13.75 

2,322.62 

103.00 

245.00 

10,355.62 

916.91 

2,727.90 

90.00 

Sold  during  yr 

12.50 

915.45 

30.00 

717.00 

20.00 

100.00 

7.00 

3,720.00 

168.00 

$996,053.91    $26,834.93 

45 

«< 

50 

u 

132 

c< 

4 

C( 

80 

" 

100 

<< 

40 

u 

88 

«< 

100 

a 

100 

l< 

100 

u 

10 

a 

60 

a 

2 

a 

11 

a 

225 

a 

1 

a 

Scrip 

SPECIAL    INVESTMENTS  61 

Principal.      Net  Income. 

Amounts  brought  forward, $996,053.91  $26,834.93 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund  (part)  (continued) . 

10  shares  Submarine  Signal  Co.,      200.00  5.00 

Sullivan  Machinery  Co., 2,400.00  180.00 

Swift  Internacional  Compania,  .    .    .  2,687.50  120.00 

Texas-Pacific  Coal  &  Oil  Co.,     .    .    .  15,769.85  147.75 

Union  Oil  Co., 208.00  32.00 

United  Carbon  &  Carbide  Co.,     .    .    .  6,006.90  434.60 

United  Drug  Co.,  1st  preferred,      .    .  Sold  during  yr.  87.50 

United  Drug  Co.,  common,      ....  5,720.89  320.00 

United  Fruit  Co., 8,655.00  591.84 

U.  S.   Smelting,  Refining  &  Mining 

Co.,  common, 7,100.00  350.00 

U.  S.  Steel  Corp.,  common,    ....  11,037.50  500.00 

U.  S.  Worsted  Co.,  1st  preferred,     .  10,000.00         

University  Auxiliary  Association,       .  1,000.00  50.00 

Warren  Brothers  Co.,  2d  pfd.,     .    .    .  2,280.00  157.50 

S.  D.  Warren  Co.,  preferred,      .    .    .  204.00  12.00 

Washburn  Wire  Co.,  common,   .    .    .  3,465.00  197.56 

White  Oil  Corp., 8,950.00         

Worthington  Pump  &  Machinery  Co..  106.50  6.00 

Worthington  Pump  &  Machinery  Co.,  81.00         

$500  American  Ship  &  Construction  Co.  10  yr.  10s,  630.00         

25,100  Anglo-French  5  yr.  5's  of  Oct.  1920,     .    .    .  Sold  during  yr.  627.50 

30,000  Appalachian  Power  Co.  1st  S.F.5's  of  1931,  19,500.00  750.00 

2,000  Bela  Body  Co.  6%  Notes  of  1922,     ....  1,800.00  120.00 
5,000  Bell  Telephone  Co.  of  Canada  Deb.  5's  of 

1925, 4,612.50  221.88 

5,000  Boston  &  Albany  R.  R.  Imp.  4's  of  1935,     .  4,112.50  200.00 

150  Boston  City  Club  5's  of  1923, 127.50  7.50 

2,000  Butte  Electric  Co.  1st  5's  of  1950,     ....  1,840.00  100.00 

1,000  Chicago  Auditorium  Assn.  1st  5's  of  1929,  725.00  50.00 

1,000  Chicago  Railways  Co.  Adj.  Inc.  4's  of  1927,  360.00         

18,500  City  of  Montgomery  6's  of  1928  (65%  pd.),  7,179.19  595.50 

2,000  City  of  New  Orleans  5's  of  1932, 2,000.00  100.00 

1,000  Colonial  Parkway  Building  1st  &  R.  E.  6's 

of  1926, 1,000.00  60.00 

1,000  Connecticut  River  Power  Co.  1st  5's  of  1937,  900.00  50.00 

4,000  County  of  Harris,  Texas,  C.  H.  4's  of  1948,  3,140.00  160.00 
1,000  County  of  Harris,  Texas,  Road  &  Bldg.  4£'s 

of  1949, 785.00  45.00 

3,000  Current  River  R.  R.  5's  of  1937, 2,700.00  150.00 

100  D.  K.  E.  Holding  Corp.  5's  of  1942,     .    .    .  70.00  5.00 

1,000  Dominion  of  Canada  3d  War  Loan  5's  of  1937,  920.00  50.00 

5,000  Dominion  of  Canada  10  yr.  W.  L.  5's  of  1925,  4,925.00  110.31 

1,000  El  Paso  Electric  Co.  Col.  Trust  5's  of  1932,  850.00  50.00 

5,000  Empire  Refining  Co.  1st  S.  F.  6's  of  1927,  4,500.00  300.00 

5,000  Everett  Ry.  Light  &  Water  Co.  1st  5's  of  1925,  4,000.00  250.00 


Amounts  carried  forward, $1,148,602.74  $34,029.37 


62  SPECIAL    INVESTMENTS 

Principal.     Net  Income. 
Amounts  brought  forward,  .....    $1,148,602.74  $34,029.37 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund  (part)  (continued) . 

Er.  1,000  French  Republic  Rent.  5' s,      Sold  during  yr.        1.66 

$60,000  General  Electric  Co.  6's  of  1940, 56,700.00      3,430.01 

£600  Grand  Trunk  Pacific  Ry.  Branch  Lines  4's 

of  1939, 2,040.00         106.64 

$32,500  Harvard  Club  of  New  York  City  2d  S.  E. 

6's  of  1939, 32,500.00      1,950.00 

100  The  Harvard  Lampoon  Soc'y  2d  4|'s  of  1929,  65.00  

500  Hudson  &  Manhattan  R.  R.  1st  R.  M.  5's  of 

1957, 290.00  25.00 

5,000  Interborough  Rapid  Transit  1st  R.  M.  5's  of 

1966, 

1,000  Kansas  City  Terminal  Ry.  6's  of  1923,      .    . 

300  Longwood  Cricket  Club  2d  4's  of  1921,     .    . 

7,000  Louisville  &  Jeffersonville  Bridge  Co.  4's  of 

1945, 

4,000  Low-Moor  Iron  Co.  1st  6's  of  1924,  .... 

500  Merchants  Heat  &  Light  Co.  5's  of  1922,      . 

500  Mississippi  River  Power  Co.  1st  5's  of  1951, 

5,000  Montpelier  &  Barre  Light  &  Power  Co.  1st 

5's  of  1944, 

100  910  Eifth  Ave.  Apartment  Bldg.  6's  of  1931, 
11,000  Northern  Pacific-Great  Northern  Joint  4's 

of  1921, Sold  during  yr.     440.00 

3,000  Pacific  Electric  Ry.  Co.  Ref.  Mtg.  5's  of 

1961, 2,250.00  150.00 

500  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  La.  5's  of  1945,     .    .    .  505.00  12.50 

1,000  Peoples  Gas  Light  &  Coke  Co.  Ref.  Mtg.  5's 

of  1947, 570.00  50.00 

1,000  Remington  Typewriter  Co.  Conv.  6's  of  1923,  990.00  60.00 

1,000  Southern  Hotel  Bldg.  1st  &  R.  E.  6's  of  1926,  1,000.00  60.00 

25,000  Southern  Menhaden  Corp.  1st  6's  of  1929,  20,000.00      1,500.00 

2,000  Southwest  Missouri  R.  R.  Ref.  5's  of  1931,  1,300.00         100.00 

500  Toledo  &  Eindlay  R.  R.  1st  5's  of  1935,  .    .  325.00  12.50 

100  Union  Boat  Club  2d  S.E.  5's  of  1934,      ..  80.00  5.00 

5,450  U.  S.  A.  1st  Liberty  Loan  3£'s  of  1847,   .    .  5,103.06         103.25 

A.  1st  Liberty  Loan  conv.  4's  of  1947,     Sold  during  yr.      1.00 

A.  1st  Liberty  Loan  conv.  4|'s  of  1947,  835.10  17.00 

A.  2d  Liberty  Loan  4's  of  1942,  .    .    .  87.99  22.00 

A.  2d  Liberty  Loan  conv.  4|'s  of  1942,       64,572.30      2,628.50 

A.  3d  Liberty  Loan  4|'s  of  1928,     .    .  37,085.33      1,441.97 

A.  4th  Liberty  Loan  4|'s  of  1933-38,        117,510.98      4,972.50 

A.  5th  Victory  Loan  4|'s  of  1923,  .    .  24,152.03         379.51 

A.  War  Savings  Stamps  Series  1918,  3,367.91         

A.  War  Savings  Stamps  Series  1919,  5.42         

201  U.  S.  A.  War  Savings  Stamps  Series  1920,  850.23         

5,000  United  States  Worsted  Co.  6  %  Certificate,  4,500.00         


2,600.00 

250.00 

700.00 

60.00 

150.00 

12.00 

4,900.00 

420.00 

3,200.00 

210.00 

455.00 

12.50 

383.28 

27.50 

4,300.00 

250.00 

100.00 

50  U. 

S 

950  U. 

s 

100  U. 

s 

70,900  U. 

s 

40,150  U. 

s 

129,100  U. 

s 

25,000  U. 

s 

755  U. 

s 

2U. 

s 

Amounts  carried  forward, $1,542,076.37  $52,740.41 


320.00 

12.00 

2,000.00 

200.00 

10.00 

1,500.00 

420.00 

7.50 

80.00 

800.00 

50.00 

700.00 

42.00 

SPECIAL    INVESTMENTS  63 

Principal.     Net  Income. 
Amounts  brought  forward, $1,542,076.37  $52,740.41 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund  (part)  {continued). 
$400  University  Club  of  Los  Angeles  2d  6's  of  1947, 
2500  University  Club  of  Pittsburgh  1st  5's  of  1932, 
400  Vesper  Country  Club  1st  5's  of  1940,    .    .    . 
3,000  Washington  Water  Co.  4's  of  1931,  .... 
500  Washington  Water  Power  Co.  20  yr.  5's  of 

1939,   

100  Woods  Mobilette  Co.  conv.  6's  of  1921,    .    . 
1,000  York  Community  High  School  Bldg.  5's  of 

1931, 

Note  receivable  6%  due  January  1,  1923,    . 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund  —  William  Reed 

Scholarship, 

500  Hargraves  Mills  1st  5's  of  1932, 500.00  25.00 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund  —  Graduate  School 
of  Business  Administration, 
20  shares  Old  Colony  Trust  Co., 5,500.00         240.00 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund — Henry  N.  Sweet 
Fund, 

60  shares  American  Bosch  Magneto  Corp.,      ....  6,022.84         500.00 

Walter  Hastings, 

Real  Estate,  Sacramento  St.,  Cambridge,     ....         20,000.00     1,520.26 
Henry  L.  Higginson, 

University  Houses  and  Lands, 29,676.55  59.39 

Real  Estate,  Cambridge, 70,323.45         

Insurance  and  Guaranty, 

Real  Estate,  Lucas  St.,  Boston, Sold  during  yr 

Mortgage  Note  on  property,  66  Lucas  St.,  Boston,    Paid  during  yr.      12.50 
Leonard  Jarvis, 

University  Houses  and  Lands, 

Henry  P.  Kidder, 

Real  Estate,  Cambridge, 

Joseph  Lee, 

University  Houses  and  Lands, 

Israel  Munson, 

University  Houses  and  Lands, 

Francis  E.  Parker, 

University  Houses  and  Lands, 

Henry  L.  Pierce  (Residuary)  (part), 

Equipment  at  Memorial  Hall, 

Claverly  Trust, 

Henry  Villard, 

University  Houses  and  Lands, 50,000.00         101.38 

William  F.  Weld, 

University  Houses  and  Lands, 100,000.00         202.76 


16,871.63 

33.38 

10,000.00 

10,000.00 

20.28 

15,750.00 

31.19 

113,817.44 

226.31 

118,440.48 

6,844.42 

95,000.00 

Amounts  carried  forward,      .    .    .       $2,209,998.76  $62,678.78 


64  SPECIAL   INVESTMENTS 

Principal.     Net  Income. 
Amounts  brought  forward,     .    .    .     $2,209,998.76  $62,678.78 

Thomas  G.  Mower  Memorial, 

10  shares  Bank  of  New  York, 3,680.00         208.00 

32      "       Boston  &  Albany  R.  R 4,000.00         280.00 

10      "       Delaware  &  Hudson  Co., 910.00  90.00 

$1,000  American  Dock  &  Improvement  Co.  1st  5's 

of  1921, 960.00  50.00 

1,000  Broadway  &  Seventh  Ave.  Ry.  1st  5's  of  1943,  400.00  50.00 

1,000  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  R.  R.  S.  F. 

4's  of  1927, 870.00  40.00 

1,000  Houston  &  Texas  Central  R.  R.  1st  5's  of 

1937, 860.00  50.00 

1,000  New  York,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  R.  R.  1st  4's 

of  1937, 700.00  40.00 

1,000  New  York,  Susquehanna  &  Western  R.  R. 

1st  5's  of  1937, 550.00  50.00 

1,000  Pennsylvania  Company  4£'s  of  1921,     .    .    .  965.00  45.00 

1,000  Reading  Co.  &  P.  &  R.  Coal  &  Iron  Co.  G. 

M.  4's  of  1997, 760.00  40.00 

1,000  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  R.  R.  1st 

5's  of  1922, 950.00  50.00 

1,000  Union  Pacific  R.  R.  1st  &  L.  G.  4's  of  1947,  790.00  40.00 

1,000  West  Shore  R.  R.  1st  4's  of  2361,     ....  700.00  40.00 

Fiske  Warren  Fund, 

50  shares  Trustees  of  Tahanto,  Rent  Chge.  No.  46,  1.00         

COLLEGE 
Edward  Atkinson  Fund. 

38  shares  American  Tel.  &  Tel.  Co., Sold  during  yr.  304.00 

50      "       Canadian-Connecticut  Cotton  Mills  Co.,  5,000.00  425.00 

50      "       Marine  Associates, 3,901.00  100.00 

50      "       Nonquitt  Spinning  Co., 6,500.00  800.00 

75      "       West  End  Street  Ry.  Co.,  preferred,   .  3,937.50  300.00 

Edward  R.  Bacon  Art  Scholarship  Fund. 

60  Shares  American  Smelting  &  Refining  Co.,  pfd.,  4,500.00  105.00 

125      "       Atchison,  Topeka&  Santa  FeR.R.,  pfd.,  9,375.00  

125      "       Baltimore  &  Ohio  R.  R.,  preferred,     .  6,078.13  

Daniel  A.  Buckley  (part),    . 

Real  Estate  in  Cambridge,  Mass., 65,558.47      8,350.33 

"  "      Deer  Isle,  Me., 1.00         

Victor  Emanuel  Chapman  Memorial 
Fellowship, 

$5,000  American  Tel.  &  Tel.  Co.  conv.  4£'s  of  1933,  5,000.00  225.00 

1,000  Baltimore  &  Ohio  R.R.  3£'s  of  1925,    .    .    .  1,000.00  35.00 

1,000  City  of  Cambridge  Bridge  Loan  4's  of  1921,  1,000.00  40.00 

1,000  Fitchburg  R.R.  4's  of  1925, 1,000.00  40.00 


Amounts  carried  forward,     .    .    .      $2,339,945.86  $74,476.11 


SPECIAL    INVESTMENTS  65 

Principal.     Net  Income. 
Amounts  brought  forward,     .    .    .    $2,339,945.86  $74,470.11 

Victor  Emanuel  Chapman  Memorial 
Fellowship  (continued) . 
$2,000  Northern  Pacific-Great  Northern  Rys.  Joint 

4'sofl921,    .    .    . Sold  during  yr.      80.00 

Howard  Rogers  Clapp  Scholarship, 

$6,000  U.  S.  A.  4th  Liberty  Loan  44/s, 5,501.15         255.00 

George  Newhall  Clark, 

100  shares  St. Joseph  R'y,  Light,  Heat  &  Power  Co., 

preferred,    

Class  of  1888  (part), 

25  shares  Hotel  Realty  Co., 

70      "      United  Fruit  Co., 

Class  Of  1889  (part), 

4  shares  Claverly  Trust, 

500  University  Building  Co.  2d  6's  of  1929,       .    . 

Class  of  1890, 

10  shares  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  R.  R. 

$1,200  Oakwood  Club  5's  of  1939, 

1,000  U.  S.  A.  4th  Liberty  Loan  4£'s, 

Class  of  1892, 

$100,000  U.  S.  A.  1st  Liberty  Loan  3£'s,       .... 

Class  of  1893, 

$500  U.  S.  A.  1st  Liberty  Loan  3§'s, 

25,000  U.  S.  A.  1st  Liberty  Loan  4's, 

7,000  U.  S.  A.  2d  Liberty  Loan  4£'s, 

14,650  U.  S.  A.  3d  Liberty  Loan  4|'s, 

ass  of  1894, 

4,600  U.  S.  A.  1st  Liberty  Loan  4£'s, 

6,000  U.  S.  A.  2d  Liberty  Loan  4£'s, 

11,050  U.  S.  A.  3d  Liberty  Loan  4|'s, 

26,000  U.  S.  A.  4th  Liberty  Loan  4|'s, 

6,000  U.  S.  A.  5th  Victory  Loan  4|'s, 

dward  W.  Codman  (part), 

100  shares  Pacific  Mills, 

10      "      Barristers  Hall  Trust,      

University  Houses  and  Lands, 120,000.00 

Harvard  Riverside, 

dward  Erwin  Coolidge, 

200  shares  U.S.  Smelting,  Ref .  &  Mining  Co.,  pref'd,         9,000.00         700.00 
arles  Dexter  Memorial. 

10  shares  Baltimore  &  Ohio  R.  R.  common,  .    .    .  477.50  

3      "      Baltimore  &  Ohio  R.  R.  preferred,     .    .              165.00           12.00 
1      "      Farmers  &  Shippers  Leaf  Tobacco  Ware- 
house Co.  2d  preferred,     5.00         

100      "      New  York  Central  R.  R., 8,000.00         500.00 


10,000.00 

500.00 

2,000.00 

125.00 

7,000.00 

490.00 

1,000.00 

500.00 

30.00 

285.00 

1,020.00 

55.00 

855.00 

42.50 

100,000.00 

3,500.00 

474.84 

17.50 

23,675.84 

1,062.50 

6,674.08 

297.50 

14,205.37 

622.61 

4,370.00 

195.50 

5,654.88 

255.00 

10,497.50 

469.61 

24,440.00 

1,105.00 

5,998.32 

285.00 

8,310.00 

1,700.00 

710.20 

50.00 

120,000.00 

237.07 

47,232.59 

Amounts  carried  forward,    ....     $2,757,998.13  $87,062.90 


Sold  during  yr. 

2,500.00 

930.00 

50.00 

1,398.99 

108.00 

920.00 

70.00 

792.00 

49.50 

2,200.00 

160.00 

91.00 

5.25 

177.64 

8.48 

468.60 

23.40 

191.44 

15.29 

66  SPECIAL    INVESTMENTS 

Principal.     Net  Income. 

Amounts  brought  forward, $2,757,998.13  $87,062.90 

Charles  Dexter  Memorial  (continued) . 

130  shares  Pennsylvania  R.  R., 5,720.00         357.50 

75      "      U.  S.  Steel  Corporation,  preferred,    .   .  8,737.50         525.00 

$4,000  New  York  Central  R.  R.  20  yr.  conv.  6's  of 

1935,      3,900.00         240.00 

Alexis  Irenee  Du  Pont  Fund, 

$100,000  Anglo-French  Ext.  Loan  5's  of  1920,    . 

William  Everett  Fund, 

10  shares  Chicago  &  Northwestern  R.  R.,    .    .    . 

14     "       General  Electric  Co., 

10      "       Great  Northern  R.  R.  pref'd,     .... 
18      "       Pennsylvania, 

Augusta  P.  Hope  Fund, 

$4,000  St.  Louis  &  Southwestern  R.  R.  4's  of  1932 

100  U.  S.  A.  1st  Liberty  Loan  3|'s, 

200  U.  S.  A.  3d  Liberty  Loan  4i's, 

550  U.  S.  A.  4th  Liberty  Loan  4i's, 

200  U.  S.  A.  5th  Victory  Loan  4f's,      

Charles  W.  Hubbard  Fund, 

$10,000  U.  S.  Steel  Corp.  S.  F.  5's  of  1963,   .    .    .  10,000.00  500.00 
Franklin  Temple  Ingraham  Memorial. 

30  shares  Duquesne  Light  Co.,  preferred,    .    .    .  2,760.00  210.00 

50      "       Nassau  Light  &  Power  Co., 5,250.00  450.00 

40      "       Pennsylvania  R.  R., 1,760.00  110.00 

$10,000  U.  S.  of  America  4th  Liberty  Loan  4|'s,  .    .  9,560.00  425.00 
Morris  Loeb  Bequest  (part), 

Mortgage  Notes, 152,000.00  4,350.00' 

400  shares  American  Tel.  &  Tel.  Co., Sold  during  yr.  3,200.00 

200      "      Amoskeag  Manufacturing  Co.,  preferred,  19,800.00  900.00 

12      "       Boston  Real  Estate  Trust, 13,320.00  480.00 

500      "      Congress  Street  Associates, 48,750.00  1,750.00 

200      "       Edison  Electric  Illuminating  Co.  of  Boston,    51,800.00  2,400.00 

500      "       Massachusetts  Gas  Co.,  preferred,      .    .  47,500.00  2,000.00' 

500      "       Trimountain  Trust, 50,000.00  2,250.00 

250      "      Western  Real  Estate  Trust, 33,750.00  1,750.00 

400      "       Western  Union  Telegraph  Co.,   ....  25,317.00  2,800.0C 

Charles  Nicholas  McCall, 

Claverly  Trust, 80,000.00         

Emily  H.  Moir  Bequest  (part), 

4  shares  Emily  H.  Moir  Estate,  Inc., 1.00         

University  Houses  and  Lands, 32,000.00  62.37 

Charles  Eliot  Norton  Fellowship, 

$15,000  Northern  Pacific-Great  Northern  Joint  4's 

(C.  B.  &  Q.  collateral)  of  1921, Sold  during  yr.    600.00 

5,000  Louisville  &  Nashville  Unified  M.  4's  of  1940,  5,000.00         200.00 


Amounts  carried  forward, $3,372,093.30$115,612.69 


SPECIAL    INVESTMENTS  67 

Principal.     Net  Income. 
Amounts  brought  forward, $3,372,093.30  $115,612.69 

Oliver  Professorship  of  Hygiene  (part), 

Policy  of  Mass.  Hospital  Life  Insurance  Co.,     .    .         5,000.00  237.50 

John  Knowles  Paine  Fellowships  in  Music, 

Mortgage  Notes, 17,000.00        1,360.00 

George  Foster  Peabody  Scholarship, 

$6,000  Mexican  Coal  &  Coke  Co.  1st  M.,  S.  F.  5's 

of  1926, 4,800.00  

Stanley  Bagg  Pennock  Scholarship, 

100  shares  Pennsylvania, 5,000.00  275.00 

William  Reed  Scholarship, 

$1,000  New  York  Central  &  H.  R.  Gold  3£'s  of  1997,         1,000.00  35.00 

Nelson  Robinson  Jr.  Additional  (part), 

1,750  shares  Gauley  Coal  Land  Co.,  preferred,   .    .      175,000.00  

Eliza  O.  and  Mary  P.  Ropes  (part), 

100  shares  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,      .    .    .       13,071.88  

100      "      Northern  Pacific, 11,986.50  700.00 

220      "      Pennsylvania,      12,888.50  605.00 

Josiah  Royce  Memorial  Fund, 

350  U.  S.  of  America  3d  Liberty  Loan  4J's  of  1928,  349.48  14.84 

Wallace  C.  Sabine  Memorial, 

$12,000  U.  S.  A.  2d  Liberty  Loan  4|'s, 12,000.00  510.00 

17,000  U.  S.  A.  3d  Liberty  Loan  4|'s, 17,000.00  722.50 

18,000  U.  S.  A.  4th  Liberty  Loan  4£'s, 18,000.00  765.00 

50,000  U.  S.  A.  Victory  Loan  4|'s, 50,000.00        2,375.00 

Dunlap  Smith  Scholarship, 

$5,000  Metropolitan  West  Side  Elevated  R.  R.  Ex- 
tension M.  4's  of  1938,      4,700.00  200.00 

Somerville  Scholarship, 

$6,000  U.  S.  A.  4th  Liberty  Loan  4|'s, 5,242.80  

Henry  Baldwin  Stone  Memorial, 

$66,000  Mississippi  River  Power  Co.  1st  M.  5's  of 

1951, 53,460.00        3,300.00 

St  ought  on  Scholarship  (part), 

Real  Estate  in  Dorchester, 298.42  

Teachers'  Endowment  (part), 

50  shares  Broadway  Realty  Co.,  preferred,      .    .    Exch'd  for  bonds 

$5,000  The  Broadway  Realty  Co.  6's  of  ?1940,     .    .  5,000.00  325.00 

50,000  Wisconsin  Central,  Minneapolis  Terminal 

Purchase  Money  M.  3£'s  of  1950, 50,000.00        1,750.00 

Lee  Wade  II  Prize  Fund, 

$1,000  School  District  of  the  Borough  of  Olyphant 

5's  of  1943, 1,000.00  50.00 

i  Samuel  Ward's  Gift  (part), 

Ward's  (Bumkin)  Island,  Boston  Harbor,   ....  1.00  

Amounts  carried  forward, $3,834,891.88  $128,837.53 


68  SPECIAL    INVESTMENTS 

Principal.     Net  Income. 
Amounts  brought  forward,     ....   $3,834,891.88  $128,837.53 
Gordon  Wendell  (part), 

$2,000  Chicago,  Burl.  &  Quincy  R.  R.  (111.  Div.) 

4's  of  1949 2,000.00  80.00 

Alfred  Tredway  "White  Endowment. 

500  shares  American  Tel.  &  Tel.  Co., Sold  during  yr.  4,000.00 

200      "      Holly  Sugar  Corp.,  preferred,     ....        15,600.00  350.00 

300      "      Southern  Pacific  Co., 23,550.00  444.00 

GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  EDUCATION 

Graduate  School  of  Education— Charles  W.  Eliot  (Fund), 
Includes  the  following  Funds  : 

Walter  F.  Baker, $80,908.53 

W.  H.  Baldwin, 2,000.00 

Andrew  Bigelow, 4,950.00 

Stanton  Blake, 5,000.00 

Theodore  Lyman, 10,000.00 

Robert  C.  Mcllwain, 7,718.49 

H.  S.  Nourse  (part), 33,171.82 

William  Perkins, 30,000.00 

Ezekial  Rogers, 3,535.00 

John  L.  Russell, 23,370.03 

Isaac  Sweetser,  . 46,913.13 

Seth  Turner, 5,000.00 

Harvard  Endowment  (part),     .      247,433.00 

$500,000.00 
$50,000  U.  S.  A.  2d  Liberty  Loan  Conv.  4^'s,  .    .    .       44,550.00        2,125.00 
100,000  U.  S.  A.  3d  Liberty  Loan  Conv.  4|'s,  .    .    .        93,040.00        4,250.00 

350,000  U.  S.  A.  4th  Liberty  Loan  4|'s, 314.090.00      14,875.00 

50,000  U.  S.  A.  5th  Liberty  Loan  4|'s, 48,320.00        2,375.00 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund  (Part), 

$250,000  Pennsylvania  R.  R.  7's  of  1930, 249,375.00      15,750.00 

Richard  Black  Sewall  Bequest, 

75  shares  American  Sugar  Refining  Co.,    .    .    .         9,900.00  637.50 


500 
25 

148 
90 
32 
24 
40 
5 
25 
25 
2 
10 


American  Tel.  &  Tel.  Co.,  ....  Sold  during  yr.  4,000.00 

American  Tissue  Mills, 2,500.00  43.75 

Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  R.  R.,  13,024.00  740.00 

Boston  Elevated  Ry.  Co., 6,570.00  483.75 

Central  States  Electric  Corp.,  pfd.,    .  1,920.00  224.00 

Central  States  Electric  Corp.,  com.,  .  360.00           

Clifton  Manufacturing  Co.,      ....  2,600.00  560.00 

Columbus  Manufacturing  Co.,    .    .    .  810.00  100.00 

Congress  Street  Building  Trust,     .    .  750.00           

Cornell  Mills, 4,375.00  525.00 

Eastern  Mass.  St.  Ry.  Adj.  Stock,     .  1.00           

Federal  Wharf  Storage  Co.,    ....  1.00           


Amounts  carried  forward,    ....     $4,668,227.88  $180,400.53 


SrECIAL    INVESTMENTS 


69 


Principal.     Net  Income. 
Amounts  brought  forward,     .    .    .   $4,668,227.88  $180,400.53 

Bichard  Black  Sewall  Bequest  {continued) . 

12  shares  Fisher  Body  Corporation,  common,  .  1,092.00  120.00 

50      «       Galveston-Houston  Electric  Co.,  pfd.,  3,250.00  300.00 

8      "       Galveston-Houston  Electric  Co.,  com.,  128.00           

200      "       Herr  Automatic  Press  Co., 25.00 

50      "       Investors  Securities  Corp.,  preferred,  4,500.00  300.00 

10      «*       Investors  Securities  Corp.,  common,  400.00  15.00 

25      "       Japanese  Tissue  Mills,  preferred,   .    .  Sold  during  yr.    131.25 

125      "       Massachusetts  Electric  Co.,  preferred,  Sold  during  yr.    

50      "       Massachusetts  Gas  Co.,  preferred,     .  4,000.00  200.00 

25      "       Metropolitan  Associates,  preferred,  .  450.00  25.00 

4  "       National  Sugar  Kefining  Co.,  ....  380.00  46.00 
100      "       New  York  Central  R.  R., 7,249.00  500.00 

27      "       Old  Colony  R.  R.  Co., 2,592.00  189.00 

25      "       Pemberton  Building  Trust, 875.00  93.75 

91      "       Pennsylvania  R.  R., 4,186.00  250.25 

25      »       Real  Estate  Improvement  Trust,    .   .  625.00  150.00 

27      "       Tide  Water  Oil  Co., 4,798.85  378.00 

50  "       Torrington  Co.,  preferred, 1,450.00  87.50 

15      "       Torrington  Co.,  common, 960.00  75.00 

33      "       Union  Pacific  R.  R.,  preferred,  .    .    .  2,409.00  132.00 

5  "       Union  Pacific  R.  R.,  common,    .    .    .  655.00  50.00 

146      "       United  Fruit  Co., 13,505.00        1,022.00 

150      "       United  Shoe  Machinery  Corp.,  pfd.,  .  4,050.00  225.00 

45      "       United  Shoe  Machinery  Corp.,  com.,  2,250.00  135.00 

51  "       U.  S.  Light  &  Heat  Corp.,  preferred,  153.00           

5      "       U.  S.  Light  &  Heat  Corp.,  common,  7.50           

25  ■     "       Utah  Power  &  Light  Co.,  preferred,  .  2,250.00  175.00 

75      "       Western  Real  Estate  Trustees,    .    .    .  8,625.00  525.00 

75      "       Western  Union  Telegraph  Co.,  .    .    .  6,675.00  525.00 

15      **       West  Point  Manufacturing  Co.,      .    .  2,037.80  175.00 
$5,000  Atlantic  Coast  Line  R.  R.  1st  Con.  M.  4's  of 

1952, 4,100.00  200.00 

5,000  Birmingham  Ry.  Light  &  Power  Co.  Ref .  & 

Ext.  6's  of  1957, 3,925.00  300.00 

2,500  Boston  &  Maine  R.  R.  10  yr.  6's  of  1930,  .    .  2,300.00  150.00 

2,000  Cedar  Rapids  Mfg.  &  Power  Co.  1st  5's  of  1953,  1,740.00  100.00 

5,000  Columbus  Manufacturing  Co.  1st  5's  of  1929,  4,900.00  250.00 

5,000  Chicago,  Indiana&  Southern  R.  R.  4's  of  1956,  4,000.00  200.00 
2,000  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  R.  R.  1st  &  Ref.  5's  of 

1955, 1,120.00  100.00 

1,250  Eastern  Mass.  Street  Ry.  Ref.  Mtg.  5's  of 

1948, 1,210.63           

2,000  Federal  Wharf  &  Storage  Co.  1st  5's  of  1912 

(Certificate  of  Deposit) , 1,200.00          

5,000  Florida  West  Shore  Ry.  Co.  1st  5's  of  1934,  3,600.00  250.00 

Amounts  carried  forward,      .    .    .    $4,775,876.66  $187,800.28 


1.00 

1,750.00 

84.14 

1.00 

1.00 

50.00 

5.00 

2,450.00 

100.00 

Sold  during  yr. 

96.00 

70  SPECIAL    INVESTMENTS 

Amounts  brought  forward,   ....   $4,775,876.66  $187,800.28 
Richard  Black  Sewall  Bequest  {continued). 

$5,000  Fort  Smith  Light  &  Traction  Co.  1st  5's  of 

1936, 3,500.00  250.00 

5,000  Galveston  Electric  Co.  1st  5's  of  1940,  .    .    .  3,900.00  250.00 

2,000  Idaho  Power  Co.  1st  5's  of  1947, 1,720.00  100.00 

2,000  Imperial  Russian  Govt.  5£'s  of  1921,     .    .    .  940.00           

5,000  Kansas  City  Terminal  Ry .  Co.  1st  4's  of  1960,  3,950.00  200.00 
5,000  Louisville  &  Nashville  Terminal  1st  4's  of 

1952, 3,550.00  200.00 

2,000  New  England  Co.  Deb.  6's  of  1925,    ....  1,840.00  120.00 
7,000  Oregon  R.  R.  &  Navigation! Co.  Con.  M.  4's 

of  1946, 5,740.00  280.00 

5,000  Peoples  Gas  Light  &  Coke  Co.  Ref .  M.  5's  of 

1947, 3,700.00  250.00 

5,000  U.  S.  A.  2d  Liberty  Loan  4£'s, 4,700.00  212.50 

5,000  Wisconsin  Edison  Co.  Inc.  Deb.  6's  of  1924,  4,450.00  300.00 

LIBRARY 
Anonymous  Library  Fund, 

200  shares  Washington  Water  Power  Co.,   ....       25,000.00        1,350.00 

Edwin  Swift  Balch,  Class  of  1878  Fund, 

$3,000  U.  S.  A.  3d  Liberty  Loan  4|'s, 3,000.00  127.50 

2,000  U.  S.  A.  2d  Liberty  Loan  4's, 2,000.00  85.00 

William  B.  Castle  Fund, 

$1,000  Digamma  Club  4£'s  of  1926,       900.00  45.00 

Peter  P.  F.  Degrand  Fund, 

50  shares  Trimountain  Trust,      4,500.00  225.00 

George  Sehuneman  Jackson  Fund, 

5  shares  Chicago  Real  Estate  Trust, 4,500.00  124.80 

3      "       Noble  &  Greenough  School  Real  Estate 

Trust,      

175      "       Submarine  Signal  Co,, 

20      "       Western  Seamless  Pail  Co.,  common, 
20      "       Western  Seamless  Pail  Co.,  preferred, 

$100  City  Club  of  Chicago  5's  of  1941, 

5,000  Erie  Railroad  Conv.  4's  of  1952, 

48  shares  Commonwealth  Edison  Co.,     .... 

Wainwright  Merrill  Memorial, 

$550  U.  S.  A.  3d  Liberty  Loan  Conv.  4£'s,    .    .    .  521.07  23.34 

Francis  Parkman  Memorial  (part), 

$5,000  Louisville  &  Jeffersonville  Bridge   1st  M. 

Gold  4's  of  1945, 4,500.00  200.00 

John  Harvey  Treat  (part), 

130  Shares  Treat  Hardware  Supply  Co., 1,300.00        1,040.00 

Ichabod  Tucker  (part), 

Policy  of  Mass.  Hospital  Life  Insurance  Co.,  .    .    .         5,000.00  237.50 

Amounts  carried  forward, $4,869,340.73  $193,706.06 


SPECIAL    INVESTMENTS  71 

LAW  SCHOOL 

Principal.       Net  Income. 

Amounts  brought  forward, $4,869,340.73  $193,706.06 

Tames  and  Augusta  Barnard  Law  Fund, 

60  shares  American  Tel.  &  Tel.  Co., Sold  during  yr.    480.00 

17      "      Boston  &  Albany  R.  R.  Co., 3,060.00  148.75 

1      "      Eastern  Massachusetts  St.  Ry.,  Adj.  Stock,  1.00           

$700  Eastern  Massachusetts  St.  Ry.  Ref .  Mtg.  5's 

of  1948, 678.36           

4,000  Kansas  City  Elevated  Ry.  Gen.  M.  4's  of  1922,      2,800.00  

70  shares  Massachusetts  Electric  Co.,  preferred,   .    Sold  during  yr 

15      "      Worcester  Consolidated  Street  Ry.  Co., 

1st  preferred, 1,330.50           

William  Cheney  Brown,  Jr.  Scholarship. 

2000  U.  S.  A.  3d  Liberty  Loan  4£'s, 2,000.00  85.00 

Shelton  Hale  Scholarship, 

$1,200  U.  S.  A.  1st  Liberty  Loan  Cony.  4|'s,     .    .  1,053.84           

800  U.  S.  A.  2d  Liberty  Loan  Conv.  4|'s,      .   .  688.00           

100  U.  S.  A.  3d  Liberty  Loan  4|'s,      .....  91.48           

500  U.  S.  A.  4th  Liberty  Loan  4|'s, 435.00           

6  shares  Union  Pacific  R.  R.,  common,     .    .    .  693.00           

12      "      Union  Pacific  R.  R.  preferred,     .    .    .  774.00           

Robert  Darrah  Jenks  Scholarship. 

$1000  U.  S.  A.  2d  Liberty  Loan  4£'s, 1,000.00  42.51 

500  U.  S.  A.  3d  Liberty  Loan  4|'s, 500.00  21.22 

Joshua  Montgomery  Sears,  Jr.  Memorial  (part) , 
$10,000  Minneapolis  General  Electric  Gold  M.  5's 

of  1934, 10,000.00  500.00 

10,000  New  England  R.  R.  Consol.  M.  5's  of  1945,       10,000.00  500.00 

MEDICAL   SCHOOL 

Gordon  Bartlett  Scholarship. 

$10,000  U.  S.  A.  3d  Liberty  Loan  4£'s, 10,000.00  425.00 

Robert  Charles  Billings  (part), 

Real  Estate,  Wigglesworth  St.  &   Power   House, 

Vila  St.,  Boston  (part), 100,000.00        5,000.00 

John  B.  and  Buckminster  Brown  Endowment, 

52  shares  Pennsylvania  R.  R., 2,600.00  143.00 

John  White  Browne  Scholarship, 

$3,000  American  Tel.  &  Tel.  4's  of  1929, 2,475.00  120.00 

2,000  Commonwealth  Edison  Co.  5's  of  1943,     .    .  1,840.00  100.00 

5,000  Oregon  Short  Line  R.  R.  4's  of  1929,     .    .    .  4,200.00  200.00 

4,000  Sierra  &  San  Francisco  Power  Co.  5's  of  1949,  3,000.00  200.00 

1,000  Texas  Power  &  Light  Co.  5's  of  1937,    .    .    .  840.00  50.00 
3,000  Wisconsin-Minnesota  Light  &  Power  Co.  5's 

of  1944, 2,460.00  150.00 

Amounts  carried  forward, $5,031,860.91  $201,871.54 


72  SPECIAL   INVESTMENTS 

Principal.     Net  Income. 
Amounts  brought  forward, $5,031,860.91  $201,871.54 

John  C.  Cutter  Bequest, 

$6,250  Carthage  Water  Power  Co.,  1st  M.  5  %  Notes,  1.00  

Dr.  Henry  Isaiah  Dorr  Chair  of  Research 
and  Teaching, 

$5,000  Boston  Elevated  Ry.  5's  of  1942, 5,000.00  250.00 

10,000  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  R.R.  3£'s  of 

1949, 10,000.00  350.00 

5,000  Dominion  of  Canada  5's  of  1937, 5,000.00  250.00 

10,000  Illinois  Central  R.R.  3£'s  of  1953,    ....  10,000.00  350.00 
5,000  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  R.R.  3£'s 

of  1997, 5,000.00  175.00 

5,000  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  R.R.  4's 

of  1931 5,000.00  200.00 

4,000  Lynn  &  Boston  R.  R.  5's  of  1924,     ....  3,960.00  300.00 

5,000  Michigan  State  Tel.  Co.  5's  of  1924,    .    .    .  5,000.00  250.00 

5,000  N.  Y.  C.  &H.  R.  R.R.  3£'s  of  1997,   .    .    .  5,000.00  175.00 
20,000  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  R.  R.  4's 

of  1956, 20,000.00  800.00 

4,000  Oregon  Short  Line  R.  R.  4's  of  1929,  .    .    .  4,000.00  160.00 

20,000  Pennsylvania  R.  R.  4§'s  of  1965, 20,000.00  900.00 

2,000  Western  Union  Tel.  Co.  4£'s  of  1950,      .   .  2,000.00  90.00 

Calvin  and  Lucy  Ellis  (part), 

$40,000  Northern  Pacific-Great  Northern  Joint  4's 

(C.  B.  &  Q.  collateral)  of  1921, Sold  during  yr.     1,600.00 

40,000  Northern  Pacific-Great  Northern  Joint  6^'s 

of  1936, .  38,600.00         325.00 

Real  Estate,  Wigglesworth  St.  and  Power  House, 

Vila  St.,  Boston  (part), 349,052.32      19,748.27 

Flattery  Research  Fund, 

800  shares  Loews  Incorporated,       1,000.00        1,600.00 

625      "      Old  Colony  Woolen  Mills,  preferred,    .         5,437.50  437.52 

100      "      U.  S.  Smelting,  Refining  &  Mining  Co., 

preferred, 4,865.00  350.00 

M.  Douglas  Flattery  Prize  Fund, 

750  shares  Old  Colony  Woolen  Mills  Co.,  p'f'd,      .         7,500.00  525.00 

Harvard  Medical  Alumni  Fund, 

$2,000  U.  S.  of  America 4th  Liberty  Loan  4£'s,  .    .    .         1,902.80  85.00 

George  Haven  Bequest  (part), 

12  shares  Barristers  Hall  Trust, 924.00  60.00 

Julia  M.  Moseley  Fund, 

$15,000  Massachusetts  3£'s  of  1939, 13,950.00  525.00 

10,000  Massachusetts  3£'s  of  1939, 9,300.00  350.00 

George  C.  Shattuck  (1853), 

$25,000  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  R.  R.  Conv. 

4£'s  of  1932, 25,000.00        1,125.00 

Amounts  carried  forward,    .    .    .    $5,589,353.53  $232,852.33 


SPECIAL    INVESTMENTS  73 

Principal.     Net  Income. 
Amounts  brought  forward, $5,589,353.53  $232,852.33 

Francis  Skinner  (part), 

16    shares    Worcester    Consolidated    Street    Ry., 

1st  preferred, 640.64  

Charles  H.  Wilder  Fund, 

$3,000  Trustees  of  the  Business  R.  E.  Trust  of 

Boston  4's  of  1921, Sold  during  yr.    180.00 

W.  J.  &  Georgiana  B.  Wright  Fund, 

127  shares  American  Agricultural  Chem.  Co.,  .  . 
127  "  American  Locomotive  Co.,  preferred,  .. 
127      "      American  Smelting  Refining  &  Mining  Co., 

preferred,      ...*••    

127     "      American  Tobacco  Co.,  preferred,      .    .    . 

50      "      Bethlehem  Steel  Co.,  preferred,     .... 

27  "  Central  Leather  Co.,  preferred,  .... 
127  "  Corn  Products  Refining  Co.,  preferred,  . 
100      "      General  Motors  Corp.,  6%  Deb.,    .... 

27  "  Goodyear  Tire  &  Rubber  Co.,  preferred,  . 
133      "      International  Nickel  Co.,  preferred,      .    . 

10      "      Manati  Sugar  Co., 

127      "      Standard  Oil  Co.  of  N.  J.,  preferred,    .    . 
100      "      United  States  Rubber  Co.,  preferred,     .    . 

Morrill  Wyman  Medical  Research  Fund  (part). 

$200  Colonial  Club  5's  of  1922, 

10  shares  Delaware  &  Hudson  Co., 

58      "      Fitchburg  R.  R.  Co.,  preferred,    .... 

36      "      Illinois  Central  R.  R.  Co., 

22      "      Maine  Central  R.  R.  Co., 

1  share  Old  Colony  R.  R.  Co., 

16  shares  Pennsylvania  R.  R.  Co., 

(Division  of  Industrial  Hygiene, 

$10,000  American  Agricultural  Chemical  Co.  5's  of 

1924, 

20,000  Illinois  Steel  Co.  Deb.  4|'s  of  1940,  .  .  . 
100  shares  W.  H.  Mcllwain  Co.,  1st  preferred, 
100      "      Union  Pacific  R.R., 


DENTAL   SCHOOL 

Maria  Antoinette  Evans  Fund, 

73  shares  Alaska  Building  Trust, 7,300.00  401.50 

MUSEUM  OF   COMPARATIVE   ZOOLOGY 

Alexander  Agassiz  Bequest,  Clause  XI, 

Real  Estate  in  Cambridge, 40,000.00  


10,258.50 

462.00 

12,800.00 

714.00 

10,230.00 

539.00 

11,135.50 

421.50 

5,012.50 

200.00 

2,700.00 

94.50 

12,869.50 

539.00 

6,262.50 

300.00 

2,295.00 

47.25 

10,464.88 

480.00 

800.00 

35.00 

13,231.75 

444.50 

10,100.00 

400.00 

140.00 

10.00 

1,500.00 

90.00 

4,176.00 

3,888.00 

252.00 

2,200.00 

66.00 

133.00 

7.00 

928.00 

44.00 

10,000.00 

500.00 

20,000.00 

900.00 

9,000.00 

700.00 

12,000.00 

1,000.00 

Amounts  carried  forward, $5,809,419.30  $241,679J 


74  SPECIAL    INVESTMENTS 


OBSERVATORY 

Principal.     Net  Income. 
Amounts  brought  forward, $5,809,419.30  $241,679.58 

Advancement  of  Astronomical  Science  (1902), 

15  shares  Calumet  &  Hecla  Mining  Co., 9,000.00  

1      "      Boston  Real  Estate  Trust,      10.00 

PEABODY  MUSEUM   OF   AMERICAN  ARCHAEOLOGY 
AND   ETHNOLOGY 

Peabody  Building  (part),     ^  $54,000  Kansas  &  Mis-  f  11,512.72  622.32 

Peabody  Collection  (part),  >    souri  R.  R.  1st  M.5's <  19,218.64  1,038.84 

Peabody  Professor  (part),  )     of  1922,                       (  19,218.64  1,038.84 
Thaw  (part)  ($8.83  deducted  from  income  for  sinking 
premium) , 

$20,000  Girard  Point  Storage  Co.  1st  M.  3£'s  of  1940,       20,158.92  691.17 

ARNOLD  ARBORETUM 

Arnold  Arboretum  Endowment. 

$2000  U.  S.  A.  4th  Liberty  Loan  4£'s, 1,898.40  85.00 

4  shares  E.  I.  duPont  de  Nemours  &  Co.,  common,        1,119.04  32.00 

Robert  Charles  Billings, 

$5,000  Butte  Water  Co.  1st  M.  5's  of  1921,  ....         4,000.00  250.00 

Maria  Antoinette  Evans  Fund. 

73  shares  Alaska  Building  Trust, 7,300.00  401.50 

Bayard  &  Ruth  S.  Thayer  Fund, 

$5,000  U.  S.  of  America  3£'s  1st  Liberty  Loan,    .    .         5,000.00  175.00 

BUSSEY  INSTITUTION 
Woodland  Hill, 

Laboratory  of  Comparatire  Pathology  building,     .       20,658.86        1,000.00 
Mrs.  William  H.  Bliss  Fund, 

$50,000  New  York  &  New  Jersey  5's  of  1932,     .    .       50,000.00        2,500.00 

SPECIAL   FUNDS 
Anonymous, 

$20,000  Massachusetts  3's  of  1930, 20,000.00  600.00 

19,000  "  »  1941, 19,000.00  570.00 

189  shares  Edison  Electric  Ilium.  Co.  of  Boston,  .       52,451.98        2,268.00 
Anonymous  Fund  No.  2, 

52  shares  Massachusetts  Gas  Co., 4,758.00  364.00 

76      "      Puget  Sound  Traction,  Light,  &  Power 

Co.,  preferred, 7,600.00  228.00 

100      "      Puget  Sound  Traction,  Light,  &  Power 

Co.,  common, 5,200.00  

34      "      United  Fruit  Co., 2,686.00  238.00 

Bussey  Trust  (part), 

Real  Estate  in  Boston,      365,978.05      18,215.73 

Amounts  carried  forward, $6,456,178.55  $272,007.98 


SPECIAL    INVESTMENTS  75 

Principal.     Net  Income. 
Amounts  brought  forward, $6,456,178.55  $272,007.98 

Fund  of  the  Class  of  1834, 

Policy  of  Mass.  Hospital  Life  Insurance  Co.,  .    .    .         1,000.00  47.50 

Fund  of  the  Class  of  1844, 

Policy  of  Mass.  Hospital  Life  Insurance  Co.,  .    .    .         6,500.00  308.75 

Fund  of  the  Class  of  1853, 

Policy  of  Mass.  Hospital  Life  Insurance  Co.,  .    .    .         3,725.00  176.94 

Fund  of  the  Class  of  1857, 

$5,000  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott  &  Memphis  6's  of  1928,     5,000.00  300.00 

Freshman  Halls, 

Real  Estate  in  Cambridge, 99,672.60  

Francis  Lee  Higginson, 

$10,000  Consolidation  Coal  Co.  5's  of  1950,     .    .    .        10,000.00  500.00 

10,000  Cudahy  Packing  Co.,  5's  of  1946,    ....        10,000.00  500.00 

10,000  Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio  6's 

of  1931,      10,000.00  500.00 

10,000  Interborough  Rapid  Transit  5's  of  1966,    .        10,000.00  500.00 

50,000  Kansas  City,  Memphis  &  B'ham  5's  of  1934,     40,000.00        2,500.00 
Price  Greenleaf.     ($288.32  deducted  from  income 
for  sinking  premiums.)   The  total  amount  of  this 
Fund  is  $790,565.48,  of  which  $789,605.48  is  in- 
vested as  follows : 
$70,000  Broadway  Realty    Co.    Purchase    money 

1st  M.  5's  of  1926, 

43,500  Central  Vermont  R'y  Ref .  Mtg.  5's  of  1930, 
50,000  Chicago  Junction  Railways  &  Union  Stock 

Yards  Coll.  Trust  5's  of  1940, 49,375.00 

20,000  Cleveland  R'y  Ref.  M.  5'e  of  1931,  .  .  . 
61,000  Colorado  Power  Co.  5's  of  1953,  .... 
30,000  Commonwealth  Power  Co.  1st  M.  5's  of  1924, 
35,000  Galveston  Electric  Co.  1st  M.  5'e  of  1940, 
55,000  Great  Lakes  Power  Co.  1st  M.  6's  of  1932, 
3,000  Great  Lakes  Power  Co.  6's  of  1940,  .  .  . 
8,000  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott  &  Memphis  Cons. 

M.  6's  of  1928, 

50,000  New  England  Tel.  &  Tel.  Co.  5's  of  1932, 
34,000  New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River  R.  R. 

(Michigan  Central  Collateral)  3£'s  of  1998,  28,412.10  1,190.00 
3,000  New  York  Railways  Co.  1st  R.  E.  &  Ref. 

M.  4's  of  1942, 2,373.94  

18,000  New  York  Railways  Co.  Adj.  M.  5's  of  1942,        9,453.39  

32,000  Northern  Pacific-Great  Northern  Joint  4's 

(C.  B.  &  Q.  collateral)  of  1921,  .  .  .  Sold  during  yr.  1,280.00 
32,000  Northern  Pacific-Great  Northern  Joint  6|'s 

of  1936  (C.  B.  &  Q.  Collateral),  ....  29,920.00  260.00 
50,000  Union  Pacific  R.R.  IstM.&L.G. 4's  of  1947,  44,625.00  2,000.00 
360  shares  Boston  &  Lowell  R.R., 35,913.55  


70,852.00 

3,289.00 

37,845.00 

2,175.00 

49,375.00 

2,500.00 

20,000.00 

1,000.00 

52,960.00 

3,050.00 

29,850.00 

1,500.00 

32,900.00 

1,750.00 

52,250.00 

3,300.00 

2,700.00 

180.00 

8,463.95 

402.68 

50,000.00 

2,500.00 

Amounts  carried  forward, $7,209,970.08  $303,717.85 


76  SPECIAL    INVESTMENTS 

Principal.     Net  Income. 
Amounts  brought  forward, $7,209,970.08  $303,717.85 

Price  Greenleaf  (continued) . 

237  shares  Eitchburg  R.R.,  preferred, 22,306.27           

61      "       Great  Northern,  preferred, 13,445.31  427.00 

40      u       Great  Northern  Iron  Ore  Properties, 160.00 

355      "       Old  Colony  R.  R., 63,190.00  2,485.00 

13      "      N.Y.  Central  &  Hudson  River  R.  R.,   .  1,380.00  65.00 

290      "       Northern  R.  R.  (N.  H.), 29,290.00  1,740.00 

52      "       West  End  Street  Railway,  preferred,   .  4,305.56  208.00 

34      "       Central  Vermont  R'y, 428.72           

855      "       Pennsylvania  R.  R., 59,256.04  2,351.25 

21      "      Boston  Real  Estate  Trust, 27,483.25  840.00 

100      "       Paddock  Building  Trust, 10,000.00  462.50 

Cash  in  American  Trust  Co., 626.40           

Charles  L.  Hancock  Bequest  (part), 

Real  Estate  in  Chicago, 65,000.00  5,086.23 

Gordon  McKay  Endowment  (part), 

$120,000  American  Tel.  &  Tel.  4's  of  1929,   ....  114,000.00  4,800.00 
15,000  General  Electric  Co.  3  yr.  6%  Gold  Notes 

of  1920,      Sold  during  yr.    450.00 

100,000  Kanawha  &  Michigan  5's  of  1927,    ....  95,500.00  5,000.00 

12,200  Kansas  City  Light  &  Power  Co.  6's  of  1944,  12,213.00  732.00 

22,700  Kansas  City  Railways  Co.  6's  of  1944,    .    .  22,713.00           

80,000  New  York,  N.  H.  &  H.  Deb.  4's  of  1955,  .  78,800.00  3,200.00 

12,000  Puget  Sound  Electric  5's  of  1932,    ....  11,760.00  600.00 

860  shares  American  Tel.  &  Tel.  Co.,    .    .    .      Sold  during  yr.  6,880.00 

300      "      Great  Northern, 42,713.37  2,100.00 

240      "      Northern  Pacific, 35,400.00  1,680.00 

165      "      Pennsylvania, 10,800.75  453.75 

Robert  Troup  Paine  (accumulating), 

$8,000  Massachusetts  3£'s  of  1928, 7,596.00  280.00 

38,000             »                "         1935, 36,951.78  1,330.00 

2,000             "                "         1936, 1,885.00  70.00 

31,000             "                "         1938, 29,612.28  1,085.00 

Flavius  Searle  Memorial, 

3  shares  Ahmeek  Mining  Co.,      150.00           

40      "      American  Pneumatic  Service  Co., 

common,      120.00           

30      "      American  Pneumatic  Service  Co., 

preferred, 360.00           

45      "      Anaconda  Copper  Mining  Co.,      .    .  1,755.00           

12      "      American  Tel.  &  Tel.  Co.,    ....  Sold  during  yr.      24.00 

10      "      Copper  Range  Co., 350.00           

70      "      Eranklin  Mining  Co., 1.00           

20      "      Isle  Royal  Copper  Range,     ....  400.00           

40      "      U.  S.  Smelting,  Refining  &  Mining 

Co.,  preferred, 1,720.00  35.00 

Amounts  carried  forward,    .    .    .    $8,011,482.81  $346,262.58 


SPECIAL    INVESTMENTS  77 

Principal.        Net  Income. 
Amounts  brought  forward, $8,011,482.81  $346,262.58 

Flavius  Searle  Memorial  (continued). 

20  shares  Utah  Consolidated  Mining  Co.,     .    .  80.00           

12      "      Western  Union  Tel.  Co., 1,032.00  21.00 

Frederick  Sheldon  (part), 

52  shares  All  America  Cables  Co.,  Inc.,      .    .  3,876.29  364.00 

$6,500  Mortgage  Note, 6,500.00  425.88 

100/15000th  Trust  Estate  Hastings  &  Dak.  Ry .  Co.,       200.00  75.00 
George  Smith  Bequest  (part), 

$10,000  Duquoin,  111.,  Water  Works  Co.   6's   of 

1901, 1.00           

Harvard  Union, 

$3,000  American  Tel.  &  Tel.  Co.  4's  of  1929,   .    .  2,220.00  120.00 
3,000  Cleveland  Terminal  &  Valley  R.  R.  4's  of 

1995, 1,860.00  120.00 

2,000  Current  River  R.  R.  5's  of  1927,      ....  1,640.00  100.00 
3,000  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott  &  Memphis  R.  R. 

4's  of  1836, 1,800.00  120.00 

2,000  Kansas  City,  Memphis  &  B'ham  R.  R.  4's  of 

1934, 1,200.00  80.00 

1,000  Norfolk  &  Western  R.  R.  4's  of  1944,    .    .  700.00  40.00 

5,000  Northern  Pacific  R.  R.  3's  of  2047,     .    .    .  2,500.00  187.50 
2,000  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  R.  R. 

4's  of  1929, 1,320.00  80.00 

5,000  Seattle  Electric  Co.  5's  of  of  1930,     .    .    .  4,000.00  250.00 

3,000  U.  S.  A.  4th  Liberty  Loan  4J's, 2,559.00  127.50 

700  U.  S.  A.  5th  Victory  Loan  4f's, 668.64  49.85 

3,000  U.  S.  Steel  Corporation  5's  of  1963,    .    .    .  2,670.00  150.00 

28,440.27  Varsity  Club  5%  Loan, .  28,440.27        1,422.00 

Harvard  Union  — Class  of  1878, 

1,000  American  Tel.  &  Tel.  Co.  4's  of  1929,    .    .  740.00  40.00 

500  Baltimore  &  Ohio  R.  R.  4's  of  1948,    .    .    .  292.50  20.00 

500  Dominion  Coal  Co.  5's  of  1940, 410.00  25.00 

500  Kansas  City,  Memphis  &  B'ham  R.  R.  4's 

of  1934, 300.00  20.00 

2,000  Norfolk  &  Western  R.  R.  4's  of  1944,     .  •'.  1,400.00  80.00 

5,000  Northern  Pacific-Great  Northern  Joint  4's 

of  1921, Sold  during  yr.    200.00 

1,000  Seattle  Electric  Co.  5's  of  1930, 800.00  50.00 

1,500  U.  S.  A.  4th  Liberty  Loan  4±'s  of  1938,     .  1,279.50  63.74 

200  U.  S.  A.  5th  Victrry  Loan  4f's  of  1923,     .  191.04  14.24 

Harvard  Union  — Simes  Fund, 

$2,000  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  R.  R.  4's 

of  1931, 1,520.00  80.00 

500  Savannah  Electric  Co.  5's  of  1952,  ....  150.00  25.00 
2,000  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountains  &  Southern  R.  R. 

4's  of  1929, 1,320.00  80.00 

Amounts  carried  forward, $8,083,153.05  $350,693.29 


78  SPECIAL   INVESTMENTS 

Principal.        Net  Income. 
Amounts  brought  forward, $8,083,153.05  $350,693.29 

Harvard  Union  —  Simes  Fund  {continued) 

$500  U.  S.  A.  4th  Liberty  Loan  4f's, 426.50  21.26 

100  U.  S.  A.  5th  Victory  Loan  4|'s, 95.52  7.13 

$8,083,675.07  $350,721.68 

SUMMARY: 

Cash,  Exhibit  A, $626.40 

Securities,  Exhibit  A, 5,800,188.54 

Land  and  Buildings,  Exhibit  A,      2,282,860.13 

Interest  and  Dividends,  Exhibit  B, $283,396.76 

Rents,  Land  and  Buildings,  Exhibit  B, 67,324.92 

$8,083,675.07  $350,721.68 


Schedule  2 


SECURITIES  — GENERAL  INVESTMENTS 

June  30,  1921 

Mortgages  and  Other  Loans.  Principal. 

Mortgages, $413,500.00 

Advances  to  Bussey  Trust, 297,499.08 

American  Printing  Co.,      50,000.00 

American  Woolen  Co.,  .    . 100,000.00 

Arlington  Mills, 150,000.00 

Armour  &  Co., 250,000.00 

Boston  Woven  Hose  &  Rubber  Co., 200,000.00 

Columbus  Manufacturing  Co., 100,000.00 

Dixie  Cotton  Mills, 25,000.00 

Equinox  Mill, 80,000.00 

Fall  River  Electric  Light  Co., 100,000.00 

Hamilton  Manufacturing  Co., 50,000.00 

Hamilton  Woolen  Co., 100,000.00 

International  Cotton  Mills, 100,000.00 

Loews  Theatres  Co., 110,000.00 

Massachusetts  Cotton  Mills, 50,000.00 

Merrimack  Manufacturing  Co., 300,000.00 

Nashua  Manufacturing  Co.,      100,000.00 

Pacific  Mills, 150,000.00 

Plymouth  Cordage  Co., 100,000.00 

Saco-Lowell  Shops, 50,000.00 

Sanford  Mills,      200,000.00 

Sherman  Manufacturing  Co., 30,000.00 

United  States  Worsted  Co., 25,000.00 

Waltham  Watch  Co., 75,000.00 

Warwick  Mills, 180,000.00 

Western  Electric  Co., 100,000.00 

West  Point  Manufacturing  Co., 150,000.00 


Income. 


$3,635,999.08      $271,327.77 


Public  Funds. 

$4,000  Dominion  of  Canada  5's  of  1926,     .    .    . 
100,000  Government  of  Switzerland  Gold  5|'s  of 

1929,   

100,000  Great  Britain  &  Ireland  5^'s  of  1921, 
200,000  Great  Britain  &  Ireland  5£'s  of  1929, 
30,000  U.  S.  A.  1st  Liberty  Loan  3%%  . 
5,000  U.  S.  A.  2d  Liberty  Loan  4's,  .    . 
43,000  U.  S.  A.  2d  Liberty  Loan  4£'s,    . 
500,000  U.  S.  A.  4th  Liberty  Loan  4^'s,   , 
150,000  U.  S.  Treasury  4£%  Certificates, 
250,000  U.  S.  Treasury  5|%  Certificates, 
94,000  United  States  of  Mexico  4's  of  1954, 


$3,650.00 


$100.00 


96,250.00 

5,500.00 

98,500.00 

5,500.00 

192,500.00 

11,000.00 

29,988.00 

1,050.00 

4,627.00 

340.82 

42,945.00 

1,827.50 

428,500.00 

16,822.90 

Sold  during  yr 

.  1,161.88 

Sold  during  yr 

.  2,144.34 

87,250.00 

$984,210.00       $45,447.44 


79 


80  GENERAL  INVESTMENTS 

Principal.  Income. 

Railroad  Bonds. 

$100,000  Baltimore  &  Ohio  1st  M.  4's  of  1948,  .    .    $96,625.00         $4,000.00 

21,000  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Conv.  4£'s  of  1933,    .      20,058.30  945.00 

100,000  B.&0.(S.W.  Div.)lstM.3£'sof  1925,     89,750.00  3,500.00 

100,000  Baltimore  &  Ohio  (Pittsburg,  Lake  Erie 

&  West  Virginia)  Ref.  M.  4's  of  1941,     99,250.00  4,000.00 

125,000  Bangor  &  Aroostook  Cons.  Ref.  M.  4's  of 

1951,      118,750.00  5,000.00 

100,000  Boston  &  Albany,  Ref.  M.  5's  of  1963,      101,951.20  4,952.40 

200,000  Canadian  National  R'ys-Grand  Trunk  R'y 

S.  F.  7's  of  1940, 199,500.00  6,183.34 

200,000  Canadian  Northern  R'y  7's  of  1940,   .    .      199,500.00  6,591.67 

100,000  Canadian  Northern  R'y  Equip.  6's  of 

June,  1921, Sold  during  yr.     6,000.00 

100,000  Canadian  Northern  R'y  Equip.  6's   of 

Dec,  1921, :......       98,895.22  3,000.00 

544,000  Chicago,  Burl.  &Quincy3£'s  of  1949,  .  .  536,570.49  19,040.00 
150,000  "  "       Gen.  M.  4's  of  1958,      145,250.00  6,000.00 

40,400  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Conv. 

4£'s  of  1932, 40,421.64  1,815.82 

23,900  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Conv. 

5's  of  2014, 23,900.00  1,195.00 

100,000  Chicago  &  No.  Western  Gen.  M.  3£'s  of 

1987, 100,780.50  3,487.90 

50,000  Chicago  &  Western  Indiana  7's  of  1929,  Sold  during  yr.  1,944.40 
25,000  Chicago  &  Western  Indiana,  7£'s  of  1935,        24,375.00  937.50 

100,000  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Gen.  M. 

4's  of  1988, 105,256.84  3,920.36 

184,000  Duluth,  Missabe  &  Northern  General  M. 

5's  of  1941, 192,620.60  8,746.30 

100,000  Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio, 

Mex.  &  Pac.  Ext.  5's, 99,250.00  5,000.00 

100,000  Hocking  Valley  R.  R.,  6's  of  1924,  .    .    .        98,250.00  6,000.00 

100,000  Illinois  Central  R'y  and   Chicago,   St. 

Louis,  &  New  Orleans  R'y  Joint  1st 

Ref.  M.  5's  of  1963, 98,750.00  5,000.00 

100,000  Indiana,  111.  &  Iowa  1st  M.  4's  of  1950,        96,500.00  4,000.00 

100,000  Indianapolis  Union  R'y  Gen.  &  Ref.  M. 

5's  of  1965, 99,250.00  5,000.00 

225,000  Kansas   City,   Fort    Scott   &    Memphis 

Cons.  M.  6's  of  1928, 238,875.85        11,187.36 

134,000  Kansas   City,   Memphis  &  Birmingham 

(assented)  Income  5's  of  1934,  .    .    .      120,300.00  6,700.00 

364,000  Kansas  City  Terminal  R'y  1st  M.  Gold 

4's  of  1960,       298,975.00        14,560.00 

100,000  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Deb. 

4's  of  1931, 93,250.00  4,000.00 

300,000  Long  Island  Unified  M,  4's  of  1949,  .    .      283,257.50        12,000.00 

Amounts  carried  forward,  .    .    .   .$3,720,113.14    $164,707.05 


GENERAL    INVESTMENTS  81 

Principal.  Income. 

Amounts  brought  forward,     .    .    .    $3,720,113.14    $164,707.05 

Railroad  Bonds  (continued) . 

200,000  Louisville  &  Jeffcrsonville  Bridge  Co. 

1st  M.  4's  of  1945, 191,000.00  8,000.00 

100,000  Minneapolis  Union  1st  M.  5's  of  1922,  .      100,000.00  4,844.66 

100,000  Montana  Central  1st  M.  6's  of  1937,  .    .       117,924.00  4,805.00 

150,000  Mount  Royal  Tunnel  &  Terminal  Co.  1st 

5's  of  1970, 101,250.00  3,201.12 

100,000  New  Orleans,  Texas  &  Mexico  6's  of 

1925, 99,000.00  6,000.00 

133,000  New  York  Central  Conv.  Deb.  6's  of 

1935,      , 130,600.00  7,980.00 

300,000  New  York  Central  4's  of  1998,    ....      294,464.40        12,000.00 
100,000  New  York,  Lake  Erie,  &  Western  Docks 

&  Improvement  Co.  1st  M.  5's  of  1943,       100,000.00  5,000.00 
25,000  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Con- 
vertible Deb.  6's  of  1948, 25,000.00  1,500.00 

100,000  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Deb. 

4's  of  1955, 104,231.00  3,872.00 

200,000  New  York,  Ontario  &  Western  Ref .  M. 

4's  of  1992, 208,217.35  7,882.60 

100,000  New  York,  Westchester  &  Boston  R'y 

1st  M.  4£'s  of  1946, 96,250.00  4,500.00 

470,000  Northern  Pacific-Great  Northern  Joint 

4's  (C.  B.  &  Q.  Coll.)  of  1921,     .    .    .    Sold  during  yr.  18,800.00 
503,000  Northern  Pacific-Great  Northern  Joint 

6£'s  of  1936, 485,395.00  4,086.87 

100,000  Oregon ShortLineCons.lstM.5'sof  1946,      110,340.73  4,569.14 

100,000  Oregon  Short  Line  Ref.  M.  4's  of  1929,        96,875.00  4,000.00 

300,000  Pennsylvania  R.  R.  Cons.  Mtg.  4£'s  of 

1960,      274,623.75        13,500.00 

250,000  Pennsylvania  R.  R.  7's  of  1930,  ....      249,625.00        15,691.67 

320,000  Pennsylvania  R.  R.  15  yr.  6i's  of  1936,       316,800.00  

300,000  Pere  Marquette  R.  R.  1st  5's  of  1956,    .      261,405.00        14,521.24 
250,000  Richmond- Washington  Co.  Coll.  Trust 

4's  of  1943,  Series  C, 253,614.20  9,827.90 

150,000  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  P.  L.  4's  of 

1950,      122,650.00  6,000.00 

25,000  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Cum.  Adj. 

6's  of  1955, .        24,281.25  1,500.00 

£40,000  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Manitoba  (Pa- 
cific Extension)  4's  of  1940,     ....       198,095.28  7,526.64 
$100,000  Southern  Pacific  1st  Ref.  M.  4's  of  1955,        97,062.50          4,000.00 
100,000  Southern  Pacific  Co.  Conv.  4's  of  1929,         99,625.00          4,000.00 
400,000  Terminal  R.  R.  Association  of  St.  Louis 

Gen.  M.  Ref.  4's  of  1953, 358,000.00        16,000.00 

200,000  Union  Pacific  1st  M.  &  L.  G.  4's  of  1947,      177,114.75  8,000.00 

100,000      "  "       Conv.  4's  of  1927,  .    .    .    .        95,392.50  4,000.00 

$8,508,949.85    $370,315.89 


82  GENERAL    INVESTMENTS 

Principal.  Income. 

Traction  Bonds. 

$100,000  Boston  Elevated  R'y  5's  of  1942,    .    .    .    $100,000.00  $5,000.00 

200,000  Chicago  Railways  1st  M.  5's  of  1927,     .      198,166.70  10,000.00 

100,000  Cleveland  Railways  Ref.  M.  5's  of  1931,     100,000.00  5,000.00 

300,000  Eastern  Massachusetts  Street  R'y  4£'s  "| 

ofl948' I     270,500.00  

15,000  Eastern  Massachusetts  Street  R'y  6's 

of  1925, J 

100,000  Georgia  Railway  &  Power  Co.  5's  of 

1954,      92,500.00  5,000.00 

300,000  Interborough-Metropolitan  Coll.   Trust 

4£'s  of  1956, 254,782.50  

200,000  Interborough  Rapid  Transit  Co.  5's  of 

1966, 197,000.00        10,000.00 

100,000  Metrop.  West  Side  Elevated  4's  of  1938,        91,746.25  4,000.00 

100,000  "  "  "  Ext.  M.  4's 

of  1938, 97,000.00         4,000.00 

150,000  Montreal  Tramways  Co.  1st  M.  Ref.  5's 

of  1941, 149,625.00  7,500.00 

71,000  New  York  Railways  Co.  Adj.  M.  5's  of 

1942, 37,314.09 

16,000  New  York  Railways  Co.  1st  R.  E.  &  Ref. 

M.  4's  of  1942, 12,537.67 

100,000  Northern  Texas  Traction  Co.  1st  M.  5's 

of  1933, 100,000.00         5,000.00 

100,000  Nova  Scotia  Tramways  &  Power  Co. 

5's  of  1946, 94,500.00  5,000.00 

100,000  Second  Ave.  (N.Y.)  Con.  M.  5's  of  1948,       102,717.00  

1,000  Springfield  Railway  &  Light  Co.  S.  F. 

5's  of  1926, 1,000.00  50.00 

21,000  Third  Avenue  R'y  1st  Ref.  M.   4's  of 

1960, 17,220.50  840.00 

55,500  Third  Avenue  R'y  Adj .  Inc.  5's  of  1960,         40,489 .42  

50,000  Toronto  Railway  6%  Notes  of  1920,  .    .    Sold  during  yr.    1,500.00 

$1,957,099.13     $62,890.00 


Sundry  Bonds. 
$100,000  Adirondack  Electric  Power  Co.  5's  of 

1962,      $98,000.00        $5,000.00 

100,000  Adirondack  Power  &  Light  Corp.  6's  of 

1950,      84,500.00  2,333.33 

100,000  Alabama  Power  Co.  5's  of  1946,     .    .    .        95,000.00  5,000.00 

200,000  American  Agricultural  Chemical  Co.  5's 

of  1924,      Sold  during  yr.  10,000.00 

300,000  American  Agricultural   Chemical   Co. 

7£'s  of  1941, 279,000.00  

100,000  American  Gas  &  Electric  Co.  6%  Notes 

of  Dec.  1,  1920, Sold  during  yr.    3,000.00 

Amounts  carried  forward,     ....        $556,500.00  $25,333.33 


GENERAL    INVESTMENTS  83 

Principal.  Income. 

Amounts  brought  forward,    ....  $556,500.00      $25,333.33 

Sundry  Bonds  {continued). 

200,000  American  Smelting  &  Refining  Co.  1st 

5's  of  1947, 196,000.00  10,000.00 

100,000  American  Tel.  &  Tel.  Co.  4's  of  1929,   .  101,143.35  3,836.67 

120,000  American  Tel.  &  Tel.  Co.  5's  of  1946,  .  117,600.00  6,000.00 
49,600  American  Tel.  &  Tel.  Co.  Conv.  6's  of 

1925,      46,624.00  2,976.00 

250,000  Anaconda  Copper  Co.  6's  of  1929,  .    .    .  246,212.50  15,000.00 

40,000  Appalachian  Power  Co.  1st  5's  of  1941,  28,000.00  2,000.00 
100,000  Bell   Telephone  Co.  of  Canada  5's  of 

1925,      100,300.00  4,337.50 

200,000  Bell  Telephone  Co.  of  Penna.  7's  of 

1945,      Sold  during  yr.    3,111.11 

100,000  Bird  &  Son  Inc.  6's  of  1929, 98,500.00  6,000.00 

250,000  Boston  Consolidated  Gas  Co.  1\%  Notes 

of  1922, 248,750.00             

145,000  Broadway  Realty  Co.  Purchase  money 

1st  M.  5's  of  1926, 147,225.22  6,693.70 

100,000  Chicago  Junction  Railways  and  Union 

Stock  Yards  5's  of  1940, 98,500.00  5,000.00 

100,000  Chicago  Junction  Railways  and  Union 

Stock  Yards  4's  of  1940, 98,750.00  4,000.00 

100,000  Chicago  Telephone  Co.  5's  of  1923,    .    .  100,237.78  4,762.13 

75,000  Chicago  Union  Station  4£'s  of  1963,  .    .  75,000.00  3,375.00 

100,000  Cincinnati  Gas  and  Electric  5's  of  1956,  99,560.00  5,000.00 
107,000  City  of  Victoria,  B.  C,    Deb.  4£'s  of 

1923,      100,770.00  4,815.00 

100,000  Cleveland  Electric  111.  Co.  1st  5's  of  1939,  91,500.00  5,000.00 

50,000  Columbus  Electric  Co.  6  %  Notes  of  1922,  48,625.00  3,000.00 

100,000  Columbus  Power  Co.  1st  5's  of  1936,     .  88,830.00  5,000.00 
100,000  Commonwealth  Edison  Co.    1st  M.   5's 

of  1943, 100,000.00  5,000.00 

150,000  Connecticut  Light  &  Power  Co.  1st  7's 

of  1951, 141,750.00             

100,000  Consolidated    Gas,     Electric    Light    & 

Power  Co.  7's  of  1922, 100,000.00  7,000.00 

50,000  Continental  Motors  Corp.  7's  of  1922,  .  49,875.00  3,354.17 

99,000  Crane  Company  5£'s  of  1944, 98,970.00  5,445.00 

200,000  Duquesne  Light  Co.  6's  of  1949,     .    .    .  199,000.00  12,000.00 

100,000  Edison  Electric  111.  Co.  6's  of  Eeb. ,  1922,  99,500.00  6,000.00 

100,000  Edison  Electric  111.  Co.  7's  of  Aug.,  1922,  99,625.00  7,000.00 

62,000  Edison  Electric  111.  Co.  5's  of  1922,   .    .  57,970.00  3,100.00 

50,000  Electric  Securities  Corporation  5's   of 

1940,  9th  series, 50,000.00  2,500.00 

50,000  Electric  Securities  Corporation  5's  of 

1942,  11th  series, 50,000.00  2,500.00 

62,000  Electric  Securities  Corporation  5's  of 

1946,  14th  series, 61,410.00  3,100.00 

Amounts  carried  forward,     .   .    .    $3,796,727.85    $182,239.61 


84  GENEKAL    INVESTMENTS 

Principal.  Income. 
Amounts  brought  forward,   .    .    .    .$3,796,727.85  $182,239.61 

Sundry  Bonds  {continued) . 

10,000  General  Electric  Co.  6%  Notes  of  1920,  Sold  during  yr.        300.00 

100,000  General  Electric  Co.  Deb.  5's  of  1952,  99,750.00  5,000.00 

50,000  Great  Lakes  Power  Co.  Ltd.  6's  of  1911,  43,375.00  1,411.11 

150,000  Great  Lakes  Power  Co.  Ltd.  6's  of  1942,  129,750.00  4,322.22 

200,000  Great  Western  Power  Co.  5's  of  1946,  177,500.00  10,000.00 

200,000  Havana  Dock  Corporation  7's  of  1937,  191,000.00  622.23 

100,000  Homestead  Corp.  6's  of  1922, 99,200.00  6,000.00 

300,000  Illinois  Steel  Co.  Deb.  4£'s  of  1940,  .    .  284,250.00  13,500.00 

100,000  International  Cotton  Mills  Co.  7's  of  1929,      98,500.00  7,000.00 

100,000  Laclede  Gas  Light  Co.  7's  of  1929,     .    .  99,750.00  7,000.00 

100,000  Laurentide  Power  Co.  Ltd.  5's  of  1946,  84,000.00  5,000.00 

100,000  Liggett  &  Myers  Tobacco  Co.  6's  of  1921,  99,812.50  6,000.00 
100,000    Mahoning   &    Shenango    Railway   and 

Light  Co.  5's  of  1920, Sold  during  yr.  2,500.00 

50,000  Massachusetts  Gas  Co.'s  S.  E.  4£'s  of 

1929, 48,375.00  2,250.00 

500,000  Massachusetts  Gas  Co.'s  4£'s  of  1931,    .  423,250.00  22,500.00 

100,000  Michigan  State  Telephone  Co.  5's  of  TJ24,  100,000.00  5,000.00 

300,000  Midvale  Steel  &  Ordnance  Co.  5's  of  1936,  295,751.25  15,000.00 
100,000  Minneapolis  General  Electric  Co.  Gen. 

M.  5's  of  1934, 101,101.80  4,908.21 

300,000  Mississippi  River  Power  Co.  1st  5's  of 

1951, 223,655.00  10,219.03 

155,400  Montana  Power  Co.  5's  of  1943,  ....  141,066.00         7,770.00 
100,000  Municipal  Gas  &  Electric  Co.  of  Roches- 
ter, N.  Y.,  1st  M.  4£'s  of  1942,     .    .    .  100,000.00  4,500.00 
100,000  National  Tube  Co.  5's  of  1952,    ....  99,750.00  5,000.00 
100,000  New  Bedford  Gas  &  Edison  Light  Co. 

1st  6's  of  1928, 100,000.00  6,000.00 

25,000  New  England  Euel  and  Transportation 

Co.  6%  Notes  of  1920, Sold  during  yr.       750.00 

79,000  New  England  Power  Co.  1st  5's  of  1951,  75,840.00  3,950.00 

175,000  Northern  States  Power  Co.  5's  of  1941,  161,000.00  8,750.00 
250,000  Northwestern  Bell  Telephone  Co.  7's  of 

1941, 241,250.00  583.33 

100,000  Oklahoma  Gas  &Electric  Co.  7%  Notes 

of  1921, Sold  during  yr.     6,474.99 

100,000  Oklahoma  Gas  &  Electric  Co.  7|'s  of 

1941, 93,250.00  

100,000  Pacific  Coast  Power  5's  of  1940,     .    .    .  96,000.00  5,000.00 

100,000  Pacific  Emit  Express  7's  of  1931-1935,  100,500.00  6,961.11 

100,000  Packard  Motor  Car  Co.  10  yr.  8's  of  1931,  99,750.00  

45,000  Pejepscot  Paper  Co.  1st  M.  5's  of  1921,  Sold  during  yr.     2,250.00 
100,000  Pennsylvania  Water  &  Power  Co.  5's  of 

1940,      86,000.00  5,000.00 

121,000  Portland  Gen'l  Elec.  1st  M.  5's  of  1935,  121,400.32  6,019.16 

Amounts  carried  forward,  .    .    .    .$7,911,554.72  $379,781.00 


GENERAL    INVESTMENTS  85 

Principal.  Income. 

Amounts  brought  forward,     .    .    .$7,011,554.72   $379,781.00 

Sundry  Bonds  (continued) . 

100,000  Portland  R'y  Light  &  Power  Co.  1st  M. 

5's  of  1942, 95,500.00  5,000.00 

100,000  Public  Service  Co.  of  New  Jersey  7's  of 

1922,      97,085.08  7,000.00 

150,000  Puget  Sound  Traction,  Light  &  Power 

Co.  7's  of  1921, Sold  during  yr.  10,500.00 

200,000  Quincy  Electric  Light  &  Power  Co. 7's 

of  1931, 200,000.00  

100,000  Railway   &  Light   Securities  Co.   Coll. 

Trust  5's  of  1939,  2d  series,    ....       100,000.00  5,000.00 

100,000  Railway  &  Light  Securities  Co.   Coll. 

Trust  5's  of  1939,  3d  series,      ....        98,000.00  5,000.00 

100,000  Railway  &   Light  Securities  Co.  Coll. 

Trust  5's  of  1944,  5th  series,     ....        94,250.00  5,000.00 

200,000  Two  Rector  Street  Corp.  1st  S.  P.  6's 

of  1935, 184,000.00  4,166.68 

200,000  San  Francisco  Gas  &  Electric  Co.  4£'s 

of  1933, 187,000.00  9,000.00 

58,000  Seattle  Electric  Co.  5's  of  1930,     .    .    .        58,357.00  2,855-47 

196,000  Seattle  Electric  —  Seattle  Everett  5's  of 

1939, 181,967.50         9,800.00 

50,000  A.  O.  Smith  Corp.  6's  of  1924,  ....  48,625.00  3,000.00 
100,000  Southern  Bell  Telephone  Co.  5's  of  1941,  99,000.00  5,000.00 
200,000  Southern  Power  Co.  1st  M.  5's  of  1930,  197,500.00  10,000.00 
191,000  St.  Louis  National  Stock  Yards  Co.  1st 

M.  4's  of  1930, 184,465.00  7,640.00 

375,000  Standard  Oil  Co.  of  California  Deb.  7's 

of  1931, 374,375.00  

355,000  Standard  Oil  Co.  of  New  York  Deb.  7's 

of  1931, 354,390.00  

150,000  Swift  &  Co.  6%  Notes  of  1921,  ....      148,062.50  4,408.34 

100,000  Tacoma  Railway  &  Power  Co.  1st  M.  5's 

of  1929, 100,474.00  4,932.50 

300,000  Toronto  Harbor  Commissioners  4£'s  of 

1953,      228,500.00  6,572.50 

200,000  Trinity  Bldgs.  Corp.  1st  S.  E.  Si's  of 

1939,      195,000.00        11,000.00 

50,000  United    Electric    Securities    Co.    Coll. 

Trust  5's  of  1936,  24th  series,   .    .    .        50,000.00  2,500.00 

10,000  United    Electric   Securities   Co.    Coll. 

Trust  5's  of  1937,  26th  series,      .    .    .        10,000.00  500.00 

25,000  United  Electric   Securities   Co.    Coll. 

Trust  5's  of  1940,  32d  series,    ....        25,160.68  1,241.06 

100,000  United    Electric   Securities   Co.    Coll. 

Trust  5's  of  1942,  36th  series,  .    .    .    .      100,000.00  5,000.00 

Amounts  carried  forward,    .    .    .    $11,323,266.48    $504,897.55 


86 


GENERAL    INVESTMENTS 


Principal.  Income. 

Amounts  brought  forward,  .    .    .    $11,323,266.48    $504,897.55 

Sundry  Bonds  (continued) . 

100,000  United    Electric    Securities   Co.    Coll. 

Trust  5's  of  1942,  37th  series,      .    .    .        99,500.00  5,000.00 

23,000  United  Electric    Securities    Co.    Coll. 

Trust  5's  of  1943,  38th  Series,     .    .    .        22,770.00  1,150.00 

100,000  United  Electric   Securities   Co.    Coll. 

Trust  5's  of  1944,  39th  series,  ....        98,750.00  5,000.00 

506,000  United  States  Rubber  Co.  5's  of  1947,   .     442,152.50        25,150.00 
50,000  U.  S.  Smelting,  Refining  &  Mining  Co. 

6's  of  1926, 50,777.65  2,805.55 

100,000  United  Traction  &  Electric  Co.  1st  M.  5's 

of  1933, 106,004.50  

50,000  Waltham  Watch  Co.  6's  of  1924,    .    .    .        49,500.00  3,000.00 

200,000  Washington  Water  Power  Co.  7%  Notes 

of  1922,      196,332.15       14,000.00 

200,000  Washington  Water  Power  Co.  5's  of  1939,     200,236.00  9,986.00 

100,000  Western  Elec.  Co.  1st  M.  5's  of  1922,   .        99,500.00  5,000.00 


$12,688,789.28  $575,989.10 


Railroad  Stocks. 


812  shares  Baltimore  &  Ohio, 

$79,329.17 

60      < 

'      Baltimore  &  Ohio,  preferred,     .    .    . 

4,500.00 

$240.00 

507      < 

'      Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,  pfd., 

50,670.58 

1268      ' 

'      Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,     .    . 

177,425.94 

2510      < 

'      Chicago  &  No.  Western, 

340,628.99 

12,550.00 

1653      ' 

4      Great  Northern,  preferred, 

1 322,411.96  | 

11,571.00 

955      « 

'      Great  Northern  Iron  Ore  Properties, 

3,820.00 

960      ' 

'      Louisville  &  Nashville, 

109,924.00 

6,720.00 

8      ' 

'      Louisville  Property 

1.00 

700      ' 

'      Manhattan,      

92,762.50 

4,900.00 

288      4 

'      New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River,    . 

20,673.21 

1,440.00 

1000      ' 

'      Northern  Pacific, 

115,315.00 

7,000.00 
20,834.00 

7576      « 

'      Pennsylvania, 

449,932.58 

232      < 

'      Third  Avenue  Railway, 

5,800.00 

500      ' 

'      Union  Pacific, 

77,812.50 

5,000.00 

$1,847,187.43      $74,075.00 


Manufacturing  and  Telephone  Stocks . 


4000 
20 

2818 
500 
500 

4189 
500 
500 


American  Sugar  Refining  Co.,  pfd.,  $472,000.00  $28,000.00 

American  Tel.  &  Tel.  Co., 1,999.08  29,072.00 

Amoskeag  Manufacturing  Co.,  .    .    .  148,650.20  10,614.00 

Corning  Glass  Works,  preferred,       .  49,000.00  1,555.56 

The  Fisk  Rubber  Co.,  1st.  preferred,  50,000.00  3,000.00 

General  Electric  Co., 266,089.60  23,890.00 

Hood  Rubber  Products  Co.,  preferred,  49,770.00  3,000.00 

George  B.  Keith  Co.,  1st  preferred,  .  50,500.00  3,000.00 


Amounts  carried  forward, $1,088,008.88    $102,131.56 


GENERAL    INVESTMENTS 


87 


Amounts  brought  forward,     .... 
Manufacturing  and  Telephone  Stocks  (continued). 

500      "      Lancaster  Mills,  1st  preferred,    .    .    . 

187      "       Merrimack  Manufacturing  Co.,  .    .    . 

500      u      Nashua  Manufacturing  Co.,  pfd.,  .    . 

500  "  Northwestern  Leather  Co.,  preferred 
1633      "      Pacific  Mills, 

500  "  Union  Twist  Drill  Co.,  preferred,  .  . 
4000  "  United  States  Steel  Corp.,  preferred, 
1000      "      Western  Union  Telegraph  Co.,  .    .    . 


Principal. 
$1,088,008.88 


50,000.00 
18,615.10 
50,000.00 
50,000.00 

103,902.41 
48,500.00 

455,487.50 
62,125.00 


Income. 
$102,131.56 

3,000.00 
1,496.00 
3,000.00 
3,500.00 

27,761.00 
3,000.00 

28,000.00 
7,000.00 


$1,926,638.89    $178,888.56 


Real  Estate  Trust  Stocks, 

1000  shares  Barristers  Hall, 

898  "  Boston  Ground  Rent  Trust,    .... 

100  "  Boston  Real  Estate  Trust, 

250  "  Business  Real  Estate, 

2105  "  Congress  Street  Associates,      .... 

1000  "  Essex  Street, 

850  "  Kimball  Building,      

1090  "  Paddock  Building, 

1000  "  Post  Office  Square  Building,  .... 

1000  "  St.  Paul  Business  Real  Estate  Assoc, 

848  "  Trimountain  Trust, 

2000  "  Western  Real  Estate  Trust,    .... 


$92,766.00 

$5,000.00 

79,525.00 

4,490.00 

65,000.00 

4,000.00 

23,750.00 

500.00 

196,130.00 

7,367.50 

100,000.00 

4,000.00 

83,100.00 

104,458.72 

5,041.25 

103,000.00 

4,250.00 

100,000.00 

5,000.00 

75,158.50 

3,816.00 

207,750.00 

14,000.00 

$1,230,638.22      $57,464.75 


Sundry  Stocks. 

1081  shares   Edison  Elec. 
Mass.,     . 

1500 
10,000 

2500 

5000 

1500 

3050 

1250 
20 


Ilium.    Co.,   Boston, 


Electric  Bond  &  Share  Co.  preferred, 
Loews  Theatres  Co.,  preferred,      .   . 
Massachusetts  Gas  Companies,  pfd., 
Standard  Oil  Co.  of  New  Jersey,  pfd., 
Turners  Falls  Power  &  Electric  Co., 

United  Fruit  Co., 

Armour  Co.,  preferred, 

Washington  Water  Power  Co.,   .    .    . 


5212,436.74 

$12,972.00 

136,500.00 

9,000.00 

585,845.01 

63,924.73 

158,945.92 

6,000.00 

556,262.50 

31,641.75 

158,200.00 

9,000.00 

266,743.15 

18,350.00 

125,000.00 

7,500.00 

2,000.00 

135.00 

$158,523.48 


88  GENERAL    INVESTMENTS 

Principal.  Income. 
SUMMARY : 

Mortgages  and  Notes, $3,635,999.08  $271,327.77 

Public  Funds, 984,210.00  45,447.44 

Eailroad  Bonds, 8,508,949.85  370,315.89 

Traction  Bonds, 1,957,099.13  62,890.00 

Sundry  Bonds, 12,688,789.28  575,989.10] 

Railroad  Stocks, 1,847,187.43  74,075.00 

Manufacturing  and  Tel.  Stocks, 1,926,638.89  178,888.56 

Real  Estate  Trust  Stocks, 1,230,638.22  57,464.75 

Sundry  Stocks, 2,201,933.32  158,523.48 

Total,  Exhibit  A, $34,981,445.20 

Total,  Exhibit  B, $1,794,921.99 


Schedule  3 

LAND  AND  BUILDINGS  —  GENERAL  INVESTMENT 

June  30,  1921 

Net 

Real  Estate  in  Boston.                                                            Principal.  Income. 

Adams  Estate,  Washington  Street, $250,000.00  $15,145.29 

Amory  Estate,  Franklin  Street, 213,410.32  7,390.26 

Brewer  Estate,  36  and  37  South  Market  St.,    .    .        23,428.93  947.72 

Cowdin  Estate,  13  to  16  Washington  St.,  North,  .        81,000.00  3,402.36 

Estate,  128  to  136  Federal  Street, 499,766.49  22,962.63 

Estate,  364  and  366  Washington  St., 408,859.97  10,743.32 

Estate,  376  to  378  Washington  St., 125,852.25  8.67 

Estate,  31  and  33  Otis  and  112  Arch  Streets,    .    .      153,077.56  4,291.58 

Faneuil  Hall  Square  Estate, 197,047.80  8,328.84 

Gerrish  Block,  Blackstone  and  North  Streets,  .    .      192,875.75  14,136.07 

Gray  Estate,  Washington  Street, 1,013,661.60  103,644.46 

Jaynes  Estate,  Washington  and  Hanover  Streets,      202,000.00  12,000.00 

Lowell  Estate,  Washington  Street, 493,868.91  35,121.07 

Old  Boston  Music  Hall  Estate, Sold  during  yr.  *11,555.74 

Townsend  Estate,  Hawkins  Street, 44,419.49  1,371.23 

Webb  Estate,  Washington  Street, 164,604.79  19,164.57 

Estate,  14  and  20  Franklin  St., 64,803.61  2,401.40 

Estate,  17  and  19  Washington  Street,  North,   .    .        50,668.99  2,767.02 

Estate,  20  and  21  Washington  Street,  North,    .    .        60,592.85  1,574.21 
D.  J.  Hastings  Estate,  531  to  535   Washington 

Street, 339,547.72  17,156.25 

Estate,  175  to  183  Summer  Street, 271,457.85  13,652.90 

(leal  Estate  in  Cambridge. 

Little  Block  and  Dunster  Hall 36,485.63  


'Total,  Exhibit  A, $4,887,430.51 


Total,  Exhibit  B, $284,654.11 

*  Loss. 


ABBREVIATIONS  USED  IN  SCHEDULE  4,  FUNDS 
AND  GIFTS 

The  abbreviations  G.  Ex.  and  Sp.  Ex.  following  the  name  of  a 
school  or  department,  indicate  "  general  expense,"  and  "  special 
expense  "  respectively  for  that  school  or  department.  A  memo- 
randum of  other  abbreviations  follows. 


Ap.  Chap 
Arch. 

A.  A. 

B.  F. 
B.I. 
B.  H.  Obs 


Appleton  Chapel,  Schedule  33. 


....  Schools  of  Architecture  and  Landscape  Architecture,  Schedule  12. 

. . . .Arnold  Arboretum,  Schedule  22. 

. . .  .Beneficiary  Fund. 

. . .  .Bussey  Institution,  Schedule  21. 

..  ..Blue  Hill  Meteorological  Observatory,  Schedule  27. 

Bot.  Garden    ..Botanic  Garden,  Schedule  23. 

Bot.  M. Botanical  Museum,  Schedule  24. 

Cap.  Gain   ....  Gain  in  Sale  of  Investments. 

Cap.  Loss    . . .  .Loss  in  Sale  of  Investments. 

Coll. College,  including   Graduate    School   of  Arts   and   Sciences, 

Schedule  7. 

Dent Dental  School,  Schedule  20. 

Dir Divinity  School,  Schedule  13. 

Engin Engineering  School,  Schedule  10. 

Fd Fund. 

Fell Fellowship. 

F.  &  G Non-departmental  Funds  and  Gifts,  Schedule  39. 

Fogg  M Fogg  Art  Museum,  Schedule  32. 

Ger.  M Germanic  Museum,  Schedule  31. 

Gift  Cap Gift  for  Capital. 

Gr.  Bus Graduate  School  of  Business  Administration,  Schedule  11. 

Gr.  Ed Graduate  School  of  Education,  Schedule  15. 

Gray  Herb.     .  -Gray  Herbarium,  Schedule  25. 

H.  Hosp Collis  P.  Huntington  Memorial  Hospital,  Schedule  19. 

L.  F Loan  Fund. 

Lib Library,  Schedule  8 . 

Med Medical  School,  Schedule  16. 

M.  C.  Z Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  Schedule  28. 

Obs Observatory,  Schedule  26. 

P.  M Peabody  Museum,  Schedule  29. 

P.  Br.  H Phillips  Brooks  House,  Schedule  34. 

Sal Salaries. 

Sch Scholarships. 

Sem  Mus Semitic  Museum,  Schedule  30. 

S.  S Summer  Schools,  Schedule  9. 

Still.  Inf Stillman  Infirmary,  Schedule  36. 

U University. 

90 


Funds  and  Gifts 


SS<    ~    OS 


o 

O 

o 

CO 

CO 

o 

>o 

1— ( 

CO 

10 

00 

-rH 

rH 

-*_ 

lO 

rH 

<N 

CO 

co 

8 


O    CO    O 

•    i-H    O  O  o 

O    t-    O  H5  O 

O    t--_  O  ©^  o 

5*  **  °o  «r  ©" 

»o 


si 

4 


O     lO 

O     CO 

v>      CO     CO 


o 

H< 

<M 

OS 

o 

o 

co 

t^ 

© 

"? 

O- 

OS 

o 

o 

Ci 

t- 

d 

»o 

i— 1 

c<i 

o 

CO 

cq 

o 

o 

rH 

CO 

CO 

o 

CO 

CO 

CO 

o 

t- 

-* 

t- 

CO 

t^ 

© 

»o 

<N 

00 

N 

O    CO    o    o 

©  »o  ©  >o 

©    <H    <?q    CO 


*  s  -I 


o     0 


02 

be 
.S 

c3 
CI, 

SQ 

0) 

-i-i 

P 

a 

a 
a 

d 

O  P) 

^ 

t>H 

lO 

o 

O   t- 

H 

GO 

cq 

O    CO 

M 

»0 

lO 

d  d 

CC 

OS 

CO 

o  o 

P3 

CO 

CO 

O    JO 

W 

CO 

»o" 

,_r 

d  i>T 

> 

.a 

m= 

lO     rH 

*       '  ft 

s    •  m 

^    H  « 

AH  «* 

o3       ■  • 

O    P  PR 


CO    M- 

r-J     W 


O  CO  o  o 

©  »o  O  "O 

O  rH  (^  CO 

O  co  CO 


N 


N 


«s 


co   »o 

co    »o 


2  o 

a  a 

o  o 

a  a 

a  a 

o  o 

a  a 


ft 

>  ^ 

-    ^ 

o  £ 

t~ 

O     rH 

t^ 

O     CO 

a 

o 

a 

a 

a 

T5 

o 

a 

a 

rt 

<1 

« 

.  a 

a* 

•  cu 

•  rH 

.    eg 

/->    h 

co    o3 

S  n 


O      rH      O      O      O 

O    t^    O    to    o 
O    t-    O    <M    O 


^^  OS 

r-i       CO 

_eS     rH 

'at 
-■§ 

i-h  CQ 

B    . 

ah 

^^ 
M     O 

^    rd 

o 


92 


a  »    • 
l|^ 

Pi  12 -3 

*£  h 

O  'O    O 

B  g  I 

i2ffl 

SlCrH 


o  o   © 
©  ©  © 

odd 
o  o  o 

©    ©    tf^ 

10   o  N 


©  00 

©  © 

d  co 

o  »o 

©  rH 
©f 


©  ©  ©  © 

rH  ©  ©       © 

©  ©  ©  © 

©  o  o  o 

oo  q  ©^  q 

■«*  d  o"  o 

i-H  ©  ©      © 


oo  ©  © 

CO  ©     © 

lO  ©     © 

<M  ©    © 

©  q  © 

cq~  ©   © 


©co  © 
©co   © 

©  <m"  © 

©       rH       © 

©_  1-^  © 

©"    r-T  lO" 
©     ©     © 


© 

1TJ 

© 

H* 

HH 

© 

© 

© 

lO 

O 

© 

o 

<M 

© 

© 

© 

»o 

© 

o 

© 

y-{ 

© 

© 

^ 

CO 

o 

© 

CO 

■* 

© 

as 

© 

© 

© 

© 

00 

CO 

© 

© 

© 

cq 

© 

© 

o\ 

H< 

00 

(-> 

© 

CO 

CO 

»o 

<M 

^±i 

>o 

CO 

© 

^f 

lO 

as 

© 

*~l 

iO 

© 

iO 

>o 

Wi 

^ 

US 

CO 

-* 

lO 

»o 

© 

© 

© 

00 

© 

00 

t- 

<N 

<M 

.    be   p. 


M     g     O 
^  O  A 


"*     ©     ©     CO 
<N    o    <N 
© 


"*©©©©»0©©©<M© 

^©©©©rHO©^^© 

"^©©asddddcoodd 

OOM^iooooO 


O 


°  s 

©  © 


©    CO 
©     00 


C^t-'QM-^IOOOOC^CD'— ICO 

°1  ■*.  "1 1  W  °*  "*  ^  °v  ci,  ""J. 

CO"  >0    "3    io"  -hT  iro~  C0~  "*"  irT  icT 


£    3     CO     ©^   rH 
iO~  (M    >>    CC 


.       •       • •     Ph      •     Ph      • 

§<£  &«                             6  1  a  1 

o  g  „       .......  o  g „  S  «  2 

*  3  ■      -  ~  "  ~  £  2 «  1  £  § 

35  55                           8  £  o  £ 


©  © 

©  »o 

©  eq 

©  i-i 


©  ©    ©    ©  CO 

rH  ©      ©      ©  CO 

©  ©   ©  ©  >o 

as  ©   ©   ©  t^ 

co  q  q  ©  >o 

■*  d~  o~  o"  « 

rH  ©     ©     ©  © 


©  ©  ©  CO  © 

©  ©  ©  CO  © 

©  ©  ©  <N  © 

©  ©  ©  rH  O 

©  ©  ©  1-1^  © 

©  ©  ©  i— i  irT 

©  ©  ©  ©  as 


©    <N 

©  © 

©   as 


o 
0 


s     ss 


»     CO     pq 


as   oo 


OO 

©  g 


rH 

o 

t  *  - 
O*  ^  A 


rH     T3 

S3 


<M 


f* 


00    >» 


O    ^    rH    rH    rH    ,h 


rg  Ch 

«H       O 

«?     02 


(HtHri'H 

o  o  o  o 

CO     K     02     03 
CQ     02     02     02 

03     03     03      03 


© 

©    ©    © 


©©as,-,         <j5©©©© 

(MOOffig 
00  00  CO  & 

00  oo  oo  oo 

hJ    i— I    —l    P-l 


pH 

CM 

CO 

tH 

10 

OS 

05 

05 

05 

05 

00 

00 

00 

00 

on 

rH 

rH 

r-i 

rH 

rH 

«H 

«H 

tH 

5H 

CH 

o 

o 

O 

O 

o 

02 

09 

oo 

00 

03 

OO 

00 

00 

CO 

09 

aJ 

as 

aJ 

03 

03 

oooo     ooooo 


.a       rH     OS 

°co 

^     r^   05 

O  oo 

©    rH 
rH     O 

§  S 

O 


1 

1 

>-H 

„<^ 

co 

o 

o 

os 

co 

co 

o 

o 

o 

os 

co 

o 

OS 

o 

co 

CO 

p 

CO 

CO 

p 

»o 

«5 

p 

p 

-* 

i— i 

p 

p 

p 

i-i 

CO 

d 

i— 1 

«5 

«5 

CO 

CO 

-^ 

CO 

W5 

co 

d 

rH 

d 

i-H 

-* 

o 

CO 

iO 

CO 

CO 

»o 

co 

CO 

CM 

** 

o 

co 

o 

b- 

«>■    a. 

»o 

»o 

<o 

co^ 

OS 

"^ 

p 

t~ 

CM 

^ 

p. 

CO 

o 

1© 

Ai  S 

CO 

1— i 

r-T 

t>T 

iO 

CO 

© 

CO 

o 

►? 

CO 

t> 

I— ( 

<* 

CO 

o 

O 

cm 

r- 1 

CM 

CM 

1-1 

1-H 

H 


* 


1-1  b- 

CO    o 

4©= 


CO     CO     CO 

co  co  os 

CM    CM 


co  <m  io  oo  Jr 

rA     CO     CO     OS     O 

co  fh  co  os  2; 


o         b-   OS 


^f      WJ      " 

"^  CM    «* 


CO     CO 

cm  *o 

CO 


•    • 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

be  ft    . 

• 

• 

* 

M 

'"S  '3   « 

H  - 

— 

„ 

w 

„ 

_, 

S<«  H 

„ 

„ 

- 

&  «     • 

p 

OP  P 

o  »o 

CM 

o  o 

»o 

o 

CO  O 

'-,        S 

HO 

00 

b- 

O    CO 

"* 

p  CO 

p 

t~ 

t^ 

p 

-*        9 

i—i 

TJH 

CO 

rH     b^ 

CO 

d  d 

CO 

d 

t^ 

CO 

co         w 

d 

OS 

d 

co  »o 

O  CO 

CO 

os 

CO 

-* 

-<tl             »— 1 

CO 

OS 

CM 

€£= 

p^eq 

CM 

co 

CO             rH 

co 

CM 

CM 

. 

. 

2  Vw^ 

g    3 

M 

03    •;* 

5  <a 

ft     QJ 

o  A 

H 

- 

u    o 

ft    0) 

P 

O  ft 

»-( 

■* 

o 

b- 

p 

t- 

p 

p         ; 

d 

d 

d 

d 

o 

CM 

o 

IQ                  • 

IQ 

CO 

o 

ft.S 


'S  ^  °l 

=      rH 


+3 

BQ 

oj 

O 

an 

C5 
O 

03 

+3 

CO 

fH       » 

S-l 

CO 

fH 

a 
1— i 

+3 

s 

a 

% 

i— i 

45  ft 

o  o 

CO 

CO 

CO 

o 

o 

o 

OS 

CO 

o 

o  p 

"? 

p 

»o 

MS 

p 

p 

"* 

1—1 

p 

d  «h 

MS 

»o 

d 

CO 

d 

CO 

»o* 

CO 

d 
o 
o 

O    CO 

us 

co 

CO 

*o 

o 

co 

CM 

-* 

US    © 

r-t 

CO 

p 

^1 

o 

b- 

CM 

■>* 

rH~  i-H 

CO 

wT 

CO 

<M 

«o 

■>* 

*o 

CO 

^ 

CO 

»o 

o 

c< 

.  n 


<»  os  n 

CO     CO    H 

iH     i-l 


Sg 


-  o 

^>  OS 

CO     i-t 


O 

<D    <D    2S  ^ 

o  o  csS 
0  0  O 


U5 

-  os 

/~\  CO 
O    w 

i-H 
+3 

© 

oa 

05   m 

T> 

o 

^  .52 

h 

h 

^H 

> 

^ 

03 

•d 

3 

03    4J      ft   -»* 
r-j    no      03      on 


05  ^ 

rd  C 

©  P 

*  s 

DO 

i  l 

I  ° 


94 


s  2 

o  o 

<=>  2 

°  2 

o  o 


o* 

o 

co 

*0 

oo 

co 

o 

o 

o 

o 

© 

o 

o 

CO 

© 

00 

00 

00 

© 

© 

o 

p 

O 

»>; 

09 

»0 

d 

© 

OS 

^ 

IO 

d 

d 

8 

d 

d 

id 

^5 

CO 

o 

!>• 

00 

IM 

<M 

o 

o 

o 

o 

OS 

cs 

10 

o 

CO 

•O 

CO 

oo 

"i. 

o 

© 

<N 

o 

t~ 

p 

** 

o 

oT 

-* 

t- 

■^ 

o 

© 

CO 

o 

l> 

2 

T-i 

00 

o 

rH 

iH 

co 

co 

o 
o 

00 

IO 

CO  o  ^ 

o  >o  « 

^   00   CO 

NOW 
-*   00  CO 

rH  r-T©" 
CO  C*J 
CO 


. 

• 

CO 
CO 

O 

• 

CO 

M 

h-H* 

M 

d 

w 

„ 

Ph 

w 

°8 

c3 

p 

OP 

h 

iO 

o 

tH 

© 

iO 

HH 

CO 

p 

CO 

I— 1 

t- 

t~ 

00* 

-* 

co 

d 

oi 

■«* 

TH 

»0 

co 

CO 

rH 

co 

o  -* 

p  p 

d  d 

»o 


P 
CO 


O  W5 

O  rH 

d  d  ■ 

O  oo    « 

>o 

d 


CN 


p   O  o 

p    iO  o 

o  »  6 

p   O  O 

p  -*  »Q 

p  -*  ,* 


o  o 

o   oo 

d  d 


2  ° 

p  00 

d  d 

**  rH 

»o 


CO  00 

CO  p 

d  c*J 

co  oo 

rH  IO 


O    CO  00 

p  p  os 

o  d  N 

o  co  oo 
©^ 

oT 


rH    IO 


*  -a  5  5  « 


8S 

©    © 

IO"   rH 


.      0)      <X>      rH 

pJ3    O    & 


<§        .      5      <X>      rH 

£      P,P      "" 


SH      +3 


SI*  - 

O    rS    S  M 


O  CO  CO 

O  CO  ^ 

©  ©  »o 

o  t~  o 

o  co  >o 


O  ©  o           ® 

O  O  CM            O 

2  o  ^ 

O  rH 


a 

go 

W  02 

O    c8 
1-3   02 


a 

[3= 
o 

a  Ho- 
rn* 5 
^    o 

tj  -a 

§1 


§  • 

o  • 

l-H 

I  • 

OQ  * 
»iH 

O  ~ 

CO  qo 


w 


o  a 

w2 

goo 

a  .s 

rS^ 


CO 

T3     r-t 

S  f  . 

r— i    t_i  -m 


o 

$ 


„  o 

-g  & 

a  <» 

a  t* 

*  2 

rt  ^ 

O  rH 

03  <D 


a 
©  ^ 

•d  .a 


a 


n  . 

-^  .10 

"I  b  -S 
B»  1 

l&i 

r5     O      « 

WO 


cc 


^  h 

&4^ 


1 


1 

o   °  a 

■^  -e  S4 

a   a  -a 

fi  |  h 

P    Ph  a 

Q)       QJ  » 

p  p 


■5 


^ 


o 

o 
o 

O 

o 

o 

K5 

I— 1 

1—1 

o 
o 

1© 

oo 

CO 
W5 

ft 
co 


<£> 

C5 

t- 

00 

o 

h- 

o 

T— 1 

co 

o 

o 

o 

oo 

o 

"* 

co 

»o 

r-l 

o 

05 

© 

*o 

t- 

y— 1 

t~ 

I— 

ta 

o 

>— l 

i-l 

t-4 

c 
c 

© 

© 
co 

* 

d               I 

* 

o 

• 

o 

^          : 

fi 

co 

■«*< 

-* 

• 

000.00 
L818.2 

ON  « 

O  ©  rH 

O  K5  d 

CO  t-H 


i-H    O  CO  O 

00    ©  iO  t~ 

'    ON  lO 

OW  IM 
lO  C<J 


O  (fi  O00 

©  i-i  ©  © 

d  -*  d  co 

io  co 


©  to    O  oo    O  CO    ,-( 

Oio  o  o  ©  ^  cq 


£-1  $H  f-(  f-{  ?H  Sm  ?H 


o  "* 
©  N 

d  °° 

<=>  ^ 
o  ^ 


ft  43 

c3    co 


Shh 


.^    co 
^<M    co 

^     oo" 


CO 


g  .3 

v>  o 

OS  § 

PI  O 

CD  02 


H 


03     J3 


1  3  ■   o 

S  pi  .2 

g  S  s 

fi  o  g 


III 

Ph    Ph    Pi 
a>    a>    a) 

fi   fi   fi 


£  Pn 

°3 


co 


8 1  a 


o 

a 

0 

O 
t» 

o 

■3 

K 

o 

1-3 


PI 
O 


2       o 


(S 


c<3 


o 


o 
cp) 

ft 

«i 

< 

Pt    . 

M     . 

=8      . 
ft     . 

co    rQ 
%     *> 

o   h 

^1 

o 

GO 
OS 
© 

o 

u 

o 

"o 
o 
^=1 

o 
CO 

pi 

■73 

o 

■a 

o 
© 

S 

© 

© 

•  >> 


3  fe 

.      H      © 

•  y  © 

•  a  -g 
1-1  »^ 

^  I  £ 

*  ^  2 

a^5 


Ph  hi  H^ 


OC 

00 

© 
o 

00 

CO 

O 

o 

OS 

os 

o 
o 

W3 

o 
1— I 

1C 
CM 

00 

o 

CO 

00 

O 

oo  o  o 

»o 

CO 

(M 

O 

co  o  co 

>o 

H< 

t^ 

<N 

t~ 

O 

oq  o  %a 

N 

-* 

CO 

CO 

<N  O  O 

rf, 

m 

CO 

CO 

o 

t-  o  HH 

<M 

co 

OS 

<M 

<M 

<N 

CO  rH  o 

<M      rH 

co 

o  <• 

ffl 

a  ~ 

Hi  " 

®  iO    9    ifl 

-*  OS    o    00 

<*  NO    6 

"5  -*    ©    b- 


O 


O 


CO  O  o 

©  ©  o 

co  -^  o 

S  ws  io 


02   p=j 


»o  q 

© 


o  CNJ 

iO  (M 

<N  rH    © 

CN  OS     t- 

K5^  CO    <N 


o  ©  O 

©    ©    © 


O    OS    'J    CO    o 

.  q  io  »o  o  q 

^©OCO^IOCMIO 
H     >0    S  rH     C^   © 

oo"  r-T 


O    rH* 


ft 


cu         n    o) 


-  S  1  «  - 


cv 

OS  f_| 

3  £ 


ft 


ft  •  & 

--So 


3  3  £  3  £  3  £ 


ft 

O  <x> 

S  I 

3  3 


25  s;  ^ 

o    oo    rH 
O    CO    o 


£ 


©    t~ 

1-1  b- 

CO 

co 


g  >»  >»      cu 


•  <1 


CU 


CO        h 


o 

o 

CO 

o 

•* 

O  rH  <M 

o 

© 

<M 

© 

00 

©  ^  OS 

00 

»o 

b- 

o 

o 

O  OS  00 

»o 

co 

CO 

t- 

o  o  o 

o 

o 

00 

o 

** 

O  rH  CO 

t- 

IO 

I— 1 

CSJ 

I— 1 

rH  O 
rH 

00 

>o 

2 

w 

■9  3    ° 

IfSl 

rH  CO    a>     o 
?  l  •    eS  ■■*! 

3^  is 


o 
o 

rC 
a 
CO 

a 
*p 

S 


o 
o 

CO 

.9  .&1 

-  2  iil 

b-~  fe 

I  M 

Hi    a  CO 

— i     cu  ,_, 

S  ^  2 

o    --.  © 

rO       5  r=3 

o    Is  o 

CO     -S  CO 

e3     fH  e3 
hlOr^ 


^5     <M 


OS 
O 

b- 
b- 

OS 

CO 

.-1 

b- 

C© 

so 

O    «© 
O    r-l 

o 
o 

CO 

o 
o 

CXJ 

oo  o 
co  © 

o 

»o 

»o 

CO 

o 

*2 


& 

6* 

/-\ 

*e 

<w 

§ 

g 

"«a 

"fa 

g 

O 

U 

^~S 

H 

H 

42 

s^ 

CO 

•-5*1 

tf 

U 

*3 

I- 


«     a 


H 

^3 

h 

H 

o 
CO 

W 

d 

1 

Hi 

- 

_, 

o 

CO 

o 

co 

O 

00 

CO 

Ci 

© 

t^ 

«o 

N 

© 

IC 

•H 

d 

d 

00 

t^ 

OS 

d 

CO 

1—1 

i-i 

o 

QC 

r-l 

CO 

CO 

CO 

o 

CO 

iH 

CO 

<* 

lO 

ft 

CO 


ft 

o 

GO 

Si 


00 

r-l 

oj  co 
o  © 

0q    rH 


o        o 

O  rH 

U5  O 


|     03 


$  d  • 


*    s 


"•5    'H 


»  '  cS  * 

o»  'p  *  ft  ' 

a  «  •  o  • 

3  Hi  ^ 


J'S  ft 

5  Jh 


»  9  ^ 

CO    ofl 

—<      *-"    _T 

O'W     o 

O      O)      o 

co  'g  m 


w 


M 


-  PI 

PCS     o 

e  -43 

0       03 

+3    T3 

O  H 

S    «H 

w  ° 

l-l   ° 
a  ° 

3^ 

^ 

•iH      OJ 

o 

^1 

o 

w  "S 

o 
CO 

O    f-> 

^-1 

CD  c5 

oo  p. 

<u  ST 

I  I 


S     © 

co  CO 


I 


ft 

(D 

p 


o  ^  j 
be 


o 
o 

,£1         ^ 

o    a> 


O  O    "S     f»    d      OS     O        K     «      J) 

™  CO^g3cO'CCO>,COfl 

.2       .2  .2  ■§  .2   §  .2   o  .2  ^ 


::   -S    a»  .S    o  .2    a> 

C   -O   ^    T3   ^5   -n   H 

a    a    s 


o 

o 

00 

OS 

o 

OS 

CO 

CO 

»o 

o 

q 

© 

»0> 

MS 

00 

o 
o 

U5    O    O 

t-  o  o 

CO 
CO 

o 

O 

CO 
OS 
00 

o 
o 
o 

io~ 

0O   o    o 
o  o  o 
©  ©^  ©> 

I— < 

CO 

O 
O 

t— I 
CM 

CO 

CO 

o 

o  o 

OS     CO 


PI 

Q 

CO   o  t~ 

r-j    ©  CO 

<N     O  r-I 

O  OS 

of 


ft 
m 


M 


O    CO 

O     •* 


«5    OS    id 
<N    00    <M 


O  «5 

CO  W 

co  d 

00 


M 

J  M 

£  6 

o  n 


o  t-  o 

O    _|     O 

O    co    o 


©    «3    ©    O    ©    © 

q  b-  o  o  o  b- 


©    CO 

o  os 

Wi     r-t 


6  8 


»       M       S 


5  2        5  .2  £    i>  -^    a> 
.T3   -g         .T3   -g  JH   -^  «h   +* 


S! 

o 
5 


S1  ^ 


03       OQ 


43     «H 

a  is   a 

M    O    hH 


S   r.     -  •£'  « 


S         « 


.     ft 

r=l 
•      CO 

£? 

•     c3 

03 

3 

.     O 

W 

QQ 

fan 

*  -d 

01 

•  -m 

^4  o  W 
h  a)  9 
a,  O    p 


a  -3 
1*      B 


a        pi 


PI 

8 
o 

*a 


0  w 


a  g 


t-i     i   Ti 


«3         2  "5    2 


O     *>     O    K* 


Hi 

I 


2  ©  «o 

©  ©  co 

d  d  »h 

o  o  o* 

©  ©  © 

irT  rH  co 


r— <       +J 

O     » 

&  g£ 
*  £  a 
^  a  s 

sal 
§  §1 

3       rj       03 

i-h    .»-:     fn 


a 


I 

I 

o 


£ 

l-H 

(^ 

.rOi 

SM 

&H      - 

CD 

i-H 

cm 

It 

CO 

OS 
CO 
CO 

■  Sh 


^ 


i1^  XO 


N»   OS 


»o 

o 

o 

CD 

o 

o 

OS 

© 

o 

^n 

o 

o 

co 

o 

o 

CD 

o 

o 

b- 

o 

o 

t^ 

o 

cm 

oo 

CO 

o 

iO 

o 

>o 

co 

1—1 

o 

CM 

o 

CM 

CM 

o 

o 

o 

-* 

CO 

o 

O 

CO 

o 

o 

tH 

CO 

o 

O 

CO 

o 

o 

-!H 

CO 

o 

o 

1-< 

o 

o 

"* 

CO 

o 

o 

tr- 

o 

o 

t* 

CM 

o 

o 

ee 

1-1 

T— 1 

W5 

I— 1 

co 

g 

CO 

o 

o 

O 
O 

o 

1—1 

© 
CM 

o 

- 

ft 

Xfl 

2 

% 

~ 

~ 

Ph 

o  t- 

O     CO 

CO 

i—i 

o 

o    >* 

O     CO 

o 

i— i 
i—i 

i-H 

o 

CM 

«3 

CO  CD  O  OS  00  o 

CO  (M  t-H  CO  O  O 

"*  O  OS  OS  00  00 

-*  CM  OS  io  cm  O 

«  (K  r-l 
r-T  c<T 
CM 


O  O  oo  eo 

©  O  OS  lO 


©  ©  ©  00 

©  ©  lO  CO 

d  o" 


©^HCOCM©©CMCO 

©10CM.-<«^©r-ICO 

O  CM     © 

r-T  CO 


MM  H 

W  d  s 

•    o  . 

&  O  £ 


•  S3    • 

B  ^ 

.     S3  eg  W 

O  fi  £ 


^    H 
Ph^ 


°  OS  00  o 

■-J  CO  o  o 

25  OS  00  00 

OS  lO  CM  o 


D 


«       GO 

£-1 


O  £ 


O    00    00    o  o 

©     OS     lO     ©  U5 

hh   co*  cm    d  «q 

IO    «    H     l>  H 
CM 


o 

o 

CD 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 
o 

o 

O 

CO 

CO 

o 
o 

o 
o 

co 

CO 

o 
o 
o 

CD 

o 
o 
o 

o 

CM 
U3 

o 
o 
o 

o 
o 
o 

CO 
CO 
CM 

o 
o 
o 

o 
o 
o 

1— 1 
b- 

00 

o 

CM 

CM 

cm 

o 
o 

CM 

y-l 

lO 

-* 

CO 
I—I 

m 


p  ^  *S 

-a    g  CQ 

§  *  s 

so  s 

c8  Ph 


w 


fe 

PI 
© 


a  I  a 

©  S  2  fl  <» 

00  S  P  p  a 

ra  §  -g  o  <1 

,Q  •  ,Q  P  &D 

^^  ^<  nl  «*"*  /^ 


rH     CD      *i1 


^ 


o 

o 

hi 


pq 

a 
o 

CQ     02 
P! 

O 

w 


-I     CQ 


t-  S2 


•d  g 

QQ    'S 

II 

Eh  fe 


cs  10  _r 

CO  OS  ^ 

d  ©  ^ 

d  hj  § 


003 

Eh  ®  a 


100 


OS  ©  ©  CM  00 

00  ©  ©  00  CO 

lO  O  O  OS  © 

CO  O  O  O  l^ 

■^H  ©  O  CD  OS 

is  o  cT  co" 

CO  H  H  N 


00  o 

©  © 

CO  © 

CO  >0 

cd  t^ 


"*     W5  H     m 


O    t- 

CD     i-H 
O     00 


o  o 
o  o 
©  o 

r-T   ©" 


CM 

-H 

«* 

O 

U5 

CO 

l~ 

CD 

O 

o 

CM 

t> 

fc«. 

00 

CM 

«* 

CM 

US 

X 

CM 

O 

>o 

r-~ 

o 

t> 

«o 

•  O 

00 

CD 

X* 

rJH 

oo 

i — i 

f-H 

to 

CO 

CM 

CO 

CM 

<* 

05 

OS             »H 
rH              rH 

•  00 

•  CM 

CD 

CO 

©    OS 
©    rH 

CO 

00 

O 
O 

CO 

O 

q 

o  o 
o  o 

CO 
00 

co 

O    OS     o 

o  co    co 

CO 

oo 

,262 
,064 

'.  © 

.    CM 

°1 

cm' 
us 

O    r-I 
io    CO 
CM 

00 
CO 

d 
o 
o 

CO 
CM 
CM 

d 

CO 

d  d 
o  © 
o  t- 

00 
CO 
CO 

CO 

©   d    t>l 

O    «3     >0 

O     CO     00 

rH 

00 

CM 

CO 
rH 

so         irs 

i-T 

r-T 

rH 

s"« 

cm" 

hT 

c<r  co  co 

CO                       T-i 

ft      * 

• 

t?  .    .' 

• 

M 

ft 

.9  ^ 

«2       . 

• 

.2 

• 

be 
fl 

1 

as 

„ 

d 

bo 

fl 

1 

rH 

C3            .      Q. 

ft 

CO 

.  Ex. 

perat 
eficit 

^ 

" 

^    M 

*8  W 

c; 

"3 
fl 

< 

H 

^ 

•f  * 

<fl  d 

b 

•s  m  d 

ca  ft  eg 

H 

ft 

3 

b^ 

P  O  ft 

P 

ft  P 

P 

H     0)     S 

O  A  hh 

2 

ft     O        ■         .         • 

O  fi  P  ft  P 

o 
ft 

§  3        : 

00 
CM 

CO 

CO 

00    OS 

co  i-j 

CO 
00 

rH 

CO 

o 
© 

o 
q 

CD 

CM 

CO 

"*     00 
CM     K5 

CO 

o 

8  § 

cm"  co 

d 

CM 

CM 

CM 

d 

00 

-*P" 

CM 

CO    rH 

rH     CO 

© 

CM 

00 
CO 
rH 

CO 
CM 
CM 

d 

CO 

d 
o 

cm" 

co' 
o 

r-H 

CM 

© 

co    co 

00     CO 

"*'  *° 
co"  cm" 

00 

d 
o 

rH 

rH 

CM 

ft     +3 
03       CO 


c? 

o 


3    M 


ft 
o 


o 


O  o  CM  00  t- 

q  o  oo  q  cm 

d  d  os'  d  d 

o  o  o  t-  oo 

©  ©  CO  OS  CO 

o  d"  co"  oo" 

rH  rH  CM  rH 


©  M< 

q  co 

d  d 

*Q  CS 

»>.  o 


10 

o^ 

05 

W 

i 

o 
M 

1 


U  CM 

O  O 

13  g 

a  & 


os  oo  a 

rH       OO         53 

„ 

^"  s 

3  fl  g 

00 

©    cc    g 

rH 

^^ 

a    &    ° 

fl 

H* 

o 

09 

1 

■SeJ* 

CQ     u.      CO 

i— « 
© 

CO 

5  ,®  a 

rH 

^wg 

© 
o 

02 

>s 

rH 
fl 
© 


t-  o 

rH  O 

CO  o 

co"  u-T 

rH  CM 


^  os 

JS  °> 

CO     rH 
00     ^-^ 

rH 

W     fl 
rH      C8 

.2  © 

rH       © 

101 


O     CO 
O      CO 

o   o 

O"    r* 

io    >o 

CM 


CO  « 

rH  0) 

g  2 

.2  & 

b  b 

©  © 

WW 


CB 

rH       «-  •         - 

©       -          - 

-^ 

fl 

M 

OS     CO     O 

W5 

i-H 

q   t-   q 

<N 

t-~ 

fc^     iO     "*" 

CM 

00 

OS      OS      rH 

W5 

rH 

>o     CO     IO 

00 

OS_ 

rM      OS      rH 

rH 

t-T 

«0      rH 

^ 

CM^ 

€©■ 

^ 

■B 

9S 

rt 

Fh 

o 

<*H 

^ 

„ 

T3 

r-N    '"N 

/-N 

0) 

os    os 

co 
o 

'E 

co    «o 

os 

S 

rH      rH 

rH 

o 

\^/    v_^ 

CO 

^N      ®     •-• 

© 

-tJ 

eo    2  rrJ 

1— 1 

fl 

°o    2    © 

73 

fl 

CO      *      CQ 

CS 

O 

rH       ^       OQ 

© 

a 

^   o    fj 

CO 

o 

--  q  rt 

S      60H 

« 

rS     a     © 

'O      .S     'lH 

>s 

a  .s  a 

?H 

2   «    * 

CO 

r^ 

«PS 

•Is  • 


© 
o 

o  o  o 
o  o  o 

O    CO 

o  a 

O 
© 

CO 

os 

o 
o 
o 

OS     rH     © 
<M            O 
CO           o 

©  -* 

CD 

© 

co 

rH 

o 

o 

•Si 


CO  OS 

OS  Hi 

OS  -* 


©  .  <M  -* 
©  .  ©  CN 
©        .   CM    CO 


© 
© 

© 

© 

QO 

© 

© 
© 

© 

c* 

CM 

O  A 


a  ^ 

g  o 

5  cm 

O  A 


fc 


£  :2  2  "*  «  « 

CO    -»+i    O    CO    cN    it* 
»»  ©  00     rH 


CN     ^H 

©  cq 

CM    <X> 


© 
© 

© 
© 

OS 

CO 

o 

© 

© 

© 

CO 
OS 

&  J  gl  J  g 

w     gq     ea     od  c$ 

O     03   Q     <u  O 

+a      03  -^      03 

«H     +3  «H     43 


e  Oi   qo 
•«*»        »— < 

>    >S    <M 

61  ?  S 
1 

r* 


03 

2 

03 

CO 

rH 

SI 

o 

M 

o 

© 
© 

© 

co 

© 

© 

CM 

© 

© 
© 
© 

© 

M5 

OS 
«5 

© 
© 

00 

03      Ui 

f-i      03 

«     2     £ 


03      O 
«H      f-J    ^ 

«  ■a-'g 

rH      03 
GQ      03 

"   02 


2         « 

vv  rH 


ft 
o 


rH 
08 

A     OS 

o 

g 


03 

g. 

03 
« 

o 

H 

<D 
GO 

W 

o 

o 

© 


3  r 


5 

03 

a 

03 

r=l 

A 

-H 

© 

1 
02 

•iH 

hi 

r-4 
© 

73 

03 

+3 

■a 

rd 

© 

W 

r4 

« 

d> 

S     "d       rt 
£     r*       ® 

^  a^ 

Sal- 
•^  s  «  iS 

,g  g  ig  ^ 


.  P 


o 
O 

QO 


I  •  s 


03 


03      O 
03 


^5 


CO  <H  .     +S 

rt  CO  *^3 

O      03  fc  oT     O 

to    ^  ?E      00 

«  H  «  O  « 

o  S  o 


102 


>o 

"* 

o 

© 

co  co 

to 

US 

H< 

o 

© 

o 

o 

05 

rH 

us 

o 

CM 

CO  CO 

OS 

CO 

OS 

o 

o 

o 

^ 

co 

© 

t— 1 

iO 

■xH 

OS  CO 

co 

to 

os 

o 

o 

o 

r- 

CO 

a) 

o 

o 

OS 

o  o 

CO 

on 

US 

o 

us 

CO 

CO 

rH 

t- 

o 

i— i 

CO 

CO  CO 

IO 

CD 

rH 

o 

o 

t~ 

CO 

I— 1 

i— i 

iH 

o 

o 

r-  t~ 

us 

o 

o 

US 

rH 

os 

CO 

© 

CM 

CO 

CO 

1-t 

<N 

CO 

<M 

.—1 

CO 

<M 

rH 

o  os  o  © 
o  os  h<  © 
io  ©   co  © 


N  i-{  b-  ©  ©  US   CO 

CO  rH  CO  ©  ©  ©    US 

N  ■>*  U5  «i  ©  rH    iH 

S  S  N  N  05i(5« 

»0  to  CO  CO  iH  <M   HH 


r.        . ,  »_, 

CO  rH  O 

O  1(5  io 

CO  CO  (M 


©  o  •*  CO  ©  © 

O  t-  US  US  oq  © 

©  CO  US  CM  ©  © 

rH  US  ©  -^  CO  © 

co  co  co  us  us 


o    tfs  OS  ©  © 

o    ©  co  ©  © 

^H     •HH  O  "*_  ^ 

us"  «s~  «o"  us~  us" 


•  -i       <"  kj 

M  w  •     •    »:    °8    ©      »    M 

.•08  •  Ch    O^      .    3    S     «3     ft 

"0  ~  ^  -    e*ro.'2Sra'o^ 


■sflM  •'£ 


o 


PQ  o 


3      N    H    CO    H  05  IO            cOi-hCO  ©    t~    '"J          OjOS  H    oO    rH    W    O    C3 

O       US    -*     US     ©  <N  r-^             ,-h     |>1    ©  6    CO    *           ©CO  «3    q'6    IO    fl)     O    6 

H    "*  £r  £2  °*  £3  53        ©  us  ©  rHifj^       w^  en  oo  o  w  o  o 

2        H     CO     CO    IO  H  ^|              ^     <£     ,-^  CO              ""1           "^"5  US_»o^-5l©^-* 

H     '-hn  i-?  r-T  cm                        r-T  >h                   cq^  usuTus^couTus" 

o  m 

o 

OQ  Co    oo 

g  o  ® 


HH 

•* 

© 

CN 

© 

co 

CO 

us 

us 

US 

us 

© 

rH 

us 

co 

© 

CO 

us 

^ 

rH 

us 

OS 

t- 

co 

CO 

CO 

© 

0 

© 

© 

CN 

CM 

© 

co 

on 

rH 

oq 

© 

1-i 

OS 

© 

co 

us 

CO 

CM 

rH 

I-H 

© 

© 

CO 

t> 

us 

0 

CN 

CM 

co 

CO 

1-i 

CM 

CO 

CN 

©  ©  © 

©    US     CO 

©  ©  t- 


b-  <M 

co  t~ 

CO  o 

°>      2S  °~ 

CO  «  H 


rH  ©  rH  ©  ©  © 

■*  ©  OS  ©  ©  © 

os  ©  os  ©  ©  © 

CO  ©  OS  rJH  ©  © 

CO  ©  ©  CO  ©  © 


2     ©     rH     CM 

©     ^     rH     rH 
55     ©     ©     © 


^  IO  CD  •> 

00  00  00  00 

00  00  00  00 

"-■  rH  iH  rH 


SH    «H    <H 

000 


0000 


o     to 

p 
c4" 


^<^  o 

e  os  us 

.s^H  to 

'?  On,  to 


I 


t-    CO 

OS    CO 


CO    o 

«M    CO 

os  rH   © 

O     rH 

t- 

to   © 

co   p 

"^  ■"*.  "? 

O     O 

OS 

^8 

OS    -* 

»>  os'  os 

©  © 

co 

00    »-H 

rH     rH     rH 

©  o 

co 

rH    o 

OS     "H 

US    CN    CO 

o  us 

t> 

b-    US 

CO 

00     US 
US 

tH      t~      l-H 

rH     rH     O* 

©    CO 

co 
o 

.§« 


rH     O 
rH      t- 

os" 


CO    O 


rH  CO     rH 


o 


CO  O 

CO  p 

hh  d 

CO  t- 

O  <M 


P*         • 

IB  O 


us  co 

00    us 


OS    co 

CO     rH 


OS  CO  CO 

CO  00  "* 

»  ci  t; 

io  N  ® 

»  W  H 

co  to  t-T 


9  rH 


o  » 
O 

O  CO  O  OS  o 

Ot»  o  <*o 

d  rH  d  co  d 

o  eo  t-  o  us  S 

O  O  (M  OS  US 

o"h  «q~cq 


p< 

H 

• 

co 

2 

«8 

J— J 

o    ~ 

r^ 

O 

to  «o 

o 

00     CO 

CO 

CO    P 

o 

rH    CO 

rH 

■»*  us 
©  w 

o 

CO    OS 

t- 

o 

OS    cn 

CO 

o 

b-     CO 

rH 

©  ©   ©  co 

©     ©    ©  CO 

d  os  d  o 

"*    co    2  CO 

lO    H     N  lO 

rH  e^ 


_       -       ^         P< 

-     -     -     02 


o  o  rH 

o  p  OS 

d  os"  us 

rH  CO  O 

>0  H  lO 


»>r  uT  co 


Cs     CO 
S      „     CO 

.|  r-i     co 

o 


OS    rH 
rH    US 


CO    =o 

rh     tO 


Ph 

r  ^  M 

05 


43 1 


O 

o 


t-  rH 

CO  CO 

Os'  CO 

j-i  CO 

«>T  © 

CO 


O     H      fl 

«   g? 
co 

00 
00 


CO      (H 

oo    w 

o 


CD 
00  u 


*1 

CIS* 

o  rS  73 

a>  co    o 

03     to     on 
*    2    S 

i-H      «      « 

o  3  o 


o 


W 


fcOrH^ 

^    o 

M-j    OS 

,9  - 


O  p. 
5h    fl 

&j     rC 

Si 


o  o? 

»o 

O 

rH     O 

O     rH     OS 

O     00 

OS     l> 

rH     US 

©     O     CO 

d  d 

d    b- 

OS     OS 

©     O     r^ 

O     CO 

00     O 

r-i     y—* 

©     ©     CO 

O     00 

o^  co_ 

N    CO 

©     US     OS 

us~  co" 

uT  cq" 

t>T     r-T 

©     CO     rH 

us 

o 

rH    cq 

y-<             © 

rH 

rH 

*    <M 

^ 

CO 

.     rH 

t- 

.    OS 

OS 

r-t 

'         '      fl 

00 

OS 

•     r-i 

•~\  s— ' 

CO         0Q 

^> 

'     ^"^  i— 1 

rH       O 

+3 

d 
o 

_C     »•  +2 

y-t      eS 

05     "53 

«  -9 

u: 

ip  (1903; 
P  (18U) 
P  (Jona 

(1854), 
hip  (179 
Memori 

r^R 

essorsh: 
ssorshi; 
ssorshi 

S  gift) 

•fessors 

arlow 

«'b 

Pi  m 

aton  Prof 
liot  Profe 
liot  Profe 

r-l      O 

o  a 

•rH 
C3    rH 

3    MDQ 

OH 

P- 

i^ 

WWW 

WHb 

104 


00  O  CO  r-l 

CO  "*  CO  — I 

rH  CM  O  CO 

«0  r-T  lO 


rH  OS 

10  rH  © 

-^  r-T  © 

cm  CM  ■H 


b-      rH 


CO  00 

r-l  o 
CM  rH 


CM  00  CO  CO  rH  rH 

©  CO  rH  OS  GO  CO 

«  5  «j  to  id  co 

CN  00  CO 


CO  co  t*- 

O  rH  rH 

rH  H  ** 

®  iM  CO 

CO  CO  N 


©  CO  CM  CO  OS 

©  ©  rH  ©  CO 

O  CM  »C  !C  CO 

O  CO  rH  lO  CO 

CO  GO  rH  CO  rH 


CO 


o    ~ 
O 


M 

.  W 
ft  • 
§  ft 
ifl  CO 
O       . 


^Q<1Q 


ft  • 

CO  ■ 

•  c3 

O  co 

Cg  H 

•  o 

PR  O 


H 

ti  3.13-3 


CM  CO 
iO  CM 
CM 


os    »    oo 

cd    *ft    «d 
b-   »o    o 


CO     l>     00 
CM      rH      CM 

CO     rH     ^ 


CM     rH  O 


^  3 


t-      CM       1C5       rH 

CO     CO      rH      OS 
OS     GO      rH      O 


o 


co  »  « 

w  >o  q 

O  co  cd 

rH  CO  00 

CM  O  CO 

co"  r~i  *& 


£■    O  00  O 

CM    CM  **■  © 

t>    rH  CO  rH 

OS  00  rH 

©  N  N 

c T  os  co 

CM  W 


iO 


CM 


rH      O 

CM     O 

CM 


OS  00  rH  00 

rH  CM  OS  O 

CO  00  id  t-I 

t^  O  »C5  rH 

00  rH  CO  CM 

*d*  id"  cT  cT 

CO  rH  CM  CM 


©    L* 

•a  a 
£  w 


CO    «>■ 

01  28 

»>.    oo 


0  2 

-M  CO 

1  3 

Ph  Ph 


o 

-  el 

CM    ^ 

OS      -H 

co    2 

S  1 
5s 


3     3 


rM  00 

o3  ,0  * 

0  rQ  A 

^  +3  r-l 

©  -£  ^ 

^  r2  ? 

o  o  S 


.  ^    08 

.9  °  & 

A  -H   cb 

^>  ft   e3 

O  g    co 


CO 


.      > 
© 

•  CQ 
.    © 


bo     ' 

3.      -     . 

rl    2    $ 

Ph  C/  oo 


O       0)       00 

sh   'X3    o> 


£   C/  oo   jQ      ~ 

PH      .       0O     CO    rH 
r*>    00     c- 1     0 


b  h 


>>  © 


OS 


©  5a© 


o3   _ 

G  «  - 

O       W      rH      eg 

co  c8  pi  ©  pq 

105 


o3    tt 

w 


•fl  22  <h 
o  C  o 


o 

rd 

ft 

r3 


.   oo 

O     /-N 

©  ~ 


rH      rQ       J 

WwW     W 


© 

rH      © 


©    rl 


..CM 


-25i    **    CM 


CM     co 


SO     "5 


N    OU5 

O   »o 

lO     r-l 


t~  -<H  CO 

CM 

iH 

«  1-1 

cm  00  os 

OS 

os  co 

CO  CM  CM 

»« 

-* 

OS  CO 

eo  0  0 

O 

-* 

CM  t- 

N  H  CO 

•^ 

°1 

rH  C^ 

CO  00  H 

eo 

<m~ 

i-T  t-T 

»o 

co 

»c 

CO  i-( 

<  £ 


si 


■Si 


8 1 


co 


0 

O  ^  CO  rH  rH  O  O 

rH  CO 

rH 

O  O  »0  rH  rH  rH  rH 

O  CO 

CM 

O  ■*  H  N  h  ^  ^ 

CO  CO 

§>■  *S>    *» 


^ 


CM 


u 


«o  2  «> 

rH     P     CO 


Ph 
CO 

_;  CO  .  _;  -  »  - 

CO  ft 

.  co 

^   .  p\  ^     ** 

GQ 

0 

CO  0  CO  CO  ^     • 

£  g 

«8 

~      <£   r-5       'El)  r-H   'g) 

.  °8 

O    •   O   ^    A   O   P 

»H 

Of^O^WoH  OP^ 


co  N 

co  -* 

os  £2 

CO  r-1 

rH  <N 


Ph  +» 

o  2 


33 


O  co  co   *-  eo 

O     CO     rH     CO  CM 

o    10   o   tt  y—t 

-*    CO    OS    53  <N 

•^    -*  "^  CO 

CO 


00 


os  10 

CO  CO 

HH  CO 

-*  CM 

co"  lO~ 

CO 


CM    ©    b- 

ITS     ©     rH 

CM    O    <M 

O    -^ 
»o    OS 

CO 


b.  os  co  cm 

CM  rH  CM  rH 

CO  rH  OS  »0 

OS  t-  CO  O 

cq  o  co_  ■*_ 

ffi  QO"  H  » 

lO  CO 


£2  S 

•  Sh      H 

© 


~  a 

»      rP 


2  a  2  .  ^^ 


©   .   ■ 

o  -d    . 

si- 

rd      ©    OS 


rH      Pj 

o  -a 

£  -S 
P  S 

60  £ 

«H.      *° 

rH      O 

SIS 

00 

«  W 


W    N    2 


©    03 

^     d 

^rH 
•S      © 


as  c3 

2  S 

O  GQ 

1  a 

O  O 

o 


ii 


Cq      •- 

OS 


W    O 

CO 

rH    * 


a 


5 

106 


p, 

2 


CQ    rH 

W  1 


.  os 


^      0^     CO 
OS      pq      rH 


CO 

a,    g  O 

rH       »  d 

I*.  I 

o  ©  M 


co  os 


CM 


CM  CO 

os  ^ 

os  ^ 

(M  rH 

r-i  t* 

H  CO" 

CO  rH 


-  'of 

O  .OS 

0)  CO 

h!  •  2 


o 

p 
o 
o 


"43 

os    p 


fc- 

oo 

rH 

o 

oo 

Oi 

»H 

CO 

q 

CD 

CD 

CO 

t>" 

© 

co 

OS 

f— 1 

o 

>* 

t- 

CO 

co 

©^ 

o 

U3 

-* 

co 

rH 

© 

^H 

CM 

i—l 

^ 

o 

o  o 

CO  o 

t-  o 


N  W  N  O  O 

oo  a>  o)  o  q 

00  N  OS  d  H 

lH  CO  "*  O  O 

-^  ©  CO  ©^  00 

l>  CO~  00  »d"  00 

t-  -^  <M  ■* 
CO 


O  ff)  N 

O  CD  CO 

rl  (O  O 

i— (  co  >o 

■*  CO  >o 


CO    OS 
lO    CO 

oo  j> 


HO    o 
OS    © 

CM    ^h 


©     QO 

i— i   oo 
oo  ^ 

CM 


o  o 

q  q 

©  d 

o  -* 

iH  CM 

cq  co 


O  •  O    t> 

"*  ;  q  »o 

us  •  d  os 

<N  •  «S    CO 

co  •  w   os 

CM  fc^" 


:  8 

.  o 


Pi  - 
CO   - 


CO     cp 

H  -a 


o  -  "  v 

•>*    ©  ©  -*  ©    CO 

q  os  co  os  q  q 

to  d  n  h  ■*  ■* 

lfl    CO  N  O  iO    00 

M    t»  N  H  i—l 

CO"  «5~ 

cm 


PR 


^ 


o  - 


Ph 
CO 


o 

o    - 

-         -    - 

a 
< 

U5 

o 

.    o   OS  ©   it~ 
.    "*    t-    o    »© 

o 

CO 
CO 

CO     © 
^     CO 

!     W     N    O    03 

,   n  n   io  ta 

.     60    i(    lO    C3 

2,930 

18 

5,253 

CD 


CO    M 

00 
rH 

§      8 

CO 
rH 
00 

CO            O 

b-        o 

CO           o 

GO    o 

^  q 

co  d 
oo  o 
"I.  ° 
co"  ©" 
eq  to 


00     CN     CM     ©  rH 

rH     CO     CM     O  O 

"^   O     OS^   O  00^ 

t>^  co  i>T  irT  oo 

t-  -*         cm  -* 

co 


oo  o  os 
b-  .os  co 

ON® 
CO  "*  OS 
<M    CO    <M 


S~\   rH 


o 

OS 

o 

rH 

„ 

OS 

> — / 

rH 

CO 

' — / 

CO 
00 

Ph 

CD 

P 

^ 

rP 

co 

en 

be 

o 

PQ 

T3 
CD 

CO 

CD 

o 

w 

rH 

rH 

o 

Ph 

fl 

«s 

r^ 

©  a  ° 

©        ©        Q 

rf  W  CQ 


V      3 


£ 


PI 

O  oo 

rd  rP 

ft  g 

o  S 

o  °° 
h> 


P"  o 

?  •  s  • 

rH  •      (S  • 

CO 
*£     r->    r*» 

Ph  oo    ^     . 

rb  -      O  ' 

a  s 

r*    53    1^ 

^5  a  . 

O0       S     'O     rH 
00     -§     O    OS 

107 


'    rcj 

.      P 

P 


-  c8 
o   o 

2    i-H 

M 

r^:2 


CO 


+J     OS 


©    CM 

•s  - 

ce 
o 


c3  ^ 

o  p 


rH 

eg 

.  o 

5  hi 

o 


^  9 

-r3         P 

CD  W 

H  P 

S<  CD 

CD  d 

«  -a 

O    bO 

hj  *3 


pq  - 


•PH     -rH 

a  s 


CO    ,h 
OS     _| 


«  2 

S    <D 

is 

Ph.* 
CD    1-3 

P     OB 
CJ     © 

•a  a 


O       CD 

o 


•I" 


GO       CO 


so      ~  au  w 

§  O  rH  CO 

gCT,  0^  CO 

3*  w  co~ 


&) 


cq 

CO 

■"* 

Ui 

QO 

CO 

co 

»o 

»o 

CD 

«5 

OS 

CO 

Os 

so 

CO  CO  O  © 

as  co  ©  o 

CO  CO  rH  © 

h  <«H  b-  O 

l>  ^  O  U5 

CO-  lfT  Cq"  H 

rH  rH  W  CO 


■& 


O     JO     CO 

o  co   qo 

in     ©     rH 


03     ft 
02    CC 


O 


©    ^ 

co 

CO 

Cq 

co 

rH 

xO 

C5 
Cq 

GO 

os 

CO 

o 

CD     CR 
Ph     © 

O  P 


(X   •* 


©  ^ 

o 


N  ^  W 

t-.  t*  00 

©  OS  rH 

rH  cq  OS 

•>*  Q0  H 


OS    o 
rH     t^ 


O      rH      O      00 

o  «  q  w 
©  co  ©  © 

O  OS  O  OS 

O  N  lO  ■* 

lt5  CO  N  H 

t-  cq  »fj  o 

cq 

OS 

so 

lO 

io 
cq_ 

co" 


**  OS  lO  O 
©  H  CO  CO 
t-    -*     00     00 


r-T  «©    rH    cq    O  „jT 


O    rH    HH 

ohn 
»o 


O 


p^H     «         CO 

Q  O  O 


O    O    O    00 
O    O    O    os 


©  ©  as  »o  © 

IQ  O  rH  CO  GO 

o  o  ^  GO  CO 

H     H     ^  O)  H  N  o" 


5    S 

o  « 


ca  •   o 

S  -     ,£2 

O  -        T< 

o  v-3 


"if  ^  "°~ 

•^        co 
>   S*s   id 


£ 

-4^ 

tt 

"    a> 

f-l 
O 

•    Hi       . 

«f-i 

.    ©     . 

-t-3 

rd 

^  A     • 

CdU 
d 

o 

rH 

,0 

(1650 
n  No 

-t-s 

o  © 

d 

12  -d    • 

d 

e8  H 

o 

&0  © 

£  n  • 

M    c8  oo 

IIS 

S£~ 

T3 

~* 

OS      CL> 

os    d 

00      CD 
rH     -rH 

v_^  bo 

1 1 


©     !>> 

M  73 


co  cq  o  o  o 

ffl  ■*  O  O'O 

CO  O  rH  O     O 

rH  CO  t^  ©     © 

b~  CO  ©  »0     © 


cq 


CO 


CO 


lO 


O  00 

O  CO 

CO   o  o 

OS    o  OS 

cq   ifj  "^ 

ti"    N  H 

cq   io  o 
cq 


I— 1 

rH 

OS 
OS 

o 
o 

t— i 

rH 

t> 

CO 

o 

o 

o 

SO 

CO 

oo 

o 
© 

o 

o 

CO 

us 

OS 
US 

OS 

us 

co 
us 

o 
o 
o 

t— I 

>o 

CO 

rH 

US 

CO 
CO 
CO 

o 

o 

o 

o 

Oi 

OS 

CO 

o 
o 
us 

© 

CO 

CO 
CO 

rH 

OS 

CM 

CO 

cm 

© 
O 

rH 

OS 

us 

o 

<M 

CO 

CO 

CM 

CO 

us 

CO 

o 
©f 

CO 

OS 
CO 

CO 

us 

us 

CO 

CO 

us 

T-i 

. 

13 

CO 

Ph 
CO 

o 

- 

co 

CO 

o 

"*  CS  CO  o  O  i— I 

us  co  »o  o  ©  CO 

S  J2  gO  t^l  rH  CO 

S  2  m  «  °°  ^ 

O^  ■■*  CO  cq 

us 


co 


us 


Oh  ^  o  rH 

-J   GQ   _;  ^  T,  CO 

CO   O   ^  O  W  O 

-       •    o  o  2  . 


•     •            •    o   CO   o 
•   o  us  o 

O    TH    o 

o   cq   o 

•  O    OS    us 

•  O    ■**!    CO 

•         •                     •      ©      CM      rH 

O      rH      O 

O    CO    O 
CO    CO    o 

©     rH 
rH 

M    N   eq 

© 

rH 

55    CO  CO  CO 

CM    CM  b-  o 

©US  CO  H 

wf  co 


£  »>  -* 

^    00    s 
"°    ^     N 


P3 

ft  a     •■ 
co  co  O 


O  00 
O  OS 
O     rH 

©~  of 


OS  US 
"*  CO 
<M     rH 


Ph 
CO 

=8 


Ph 
CO 


o  "*  2  2  o  us 

©  cm  ©  ©  ©  t- 

o  rt  2  2  ^'  o  ■*  d 

CO  "*  CM 


60   § 


CM 

9    "*    <=> 

©   «o   lO   v. 

1-1     CO     US     if} 


<M 


e3 
C 
o 
"43 

O 
CO 


€  : 

« 
s  ° 

CO    OS 


OS 


<M 


CO  OS  o 

©  OS  o 

©   *>■  us  o 

CO    US  CO  o 

us^  CO  us  o 

co   os  of 

CM  co 


O      .      '      ' 

3      co"  - 

OS     OS 


rH 


CO 


o,   OS 

•  rT1    CO 
rP      CO 


o  ^ 

^  rH 

^  rd  ,9  Nl 


I 


h>  #  i-s 


Ph 

O    cu 

35 


OQ       £h       (M 

cu    <g    cu 


CO  CO  o 

US  CO  o 

CO  OS  d 

©  CO  o 

<>  H  1Q 

cT  co"  of 

rH  CM 


3 

33 

c3 
CO 

l2  * 

M   CO 

©    rH 

© 

©3 

O    OS 

© 

CM 

O    CO 

o 

-* 

CO     CO 

o 

CO 

■HH     CO 

o 

CO 

co  co 

CO 

o 

US     HH 

r-t 

o 

III  I 


s   .   ■  « 

OS    ,— s  CU 

rH     O  •      P 

v— '  OS  CH 

r-H     CO  •       CU 

_s  h       pq 

r^      C8     ^^ 

ffl  GO    a,    O 

°'^'w 

°  d 

bD    ?H     c8    -H 

O      rQ     r-1     2 

©   o 


PCs  tf£ 


109 


2        «* 

r™1  r*~> 


rH 

CD 
>s 
C8 

rd 


o 
o 

d 
o 

C8 
r* 

w 


co 
co 

42    -* 

e    c© 

J3  -T 


So 


lO 

o 

o 

HH 

O 

»o 

© 

CH] 

lO 

»o 

c*i 

© 

© 

co 

1— I 

i— i 

o 

-* 

CO 

(M 

»0 

© 

»o 

o 

** 

CO 

o 

Oi 

c^> 

oo 

© 

«5 

CO 

<M 

o 

lO  o    © 
co  co   © 


to  iO  N 

>*  N  N 

co  co  co 

©  *o  ,-T 

O  CO 


^ 


•Si 


co 


«o  o  o  •  ;*  c» 

•-J  ©  ©  ;  °o  cs 

»o  ©  b^  !  "<*  exj 

co  o  b-  .  ®» 

CO  CO  ON  .  CO  ^i| 

r*  ^  co  co 

H  O 


eS    p, 
CO  CO 


o 


«  *>& 

.     P   ^-/ 

^  '■£*  iS 
OOP 


co  b-  co  © 

03     CO  d  © 

-*    CO  cn  O 

co  co 


M 

oo     .   pa  . 

O     g       •  c3 

i^  co  o  co 


O   «5  O 

i-H    CO  CO 

CO   "*l  <N 


H  ffl  m 

CO  -*  rH 

CO  rH  CO 

O  CO  CO 

tO  rJH  b- 


CO 

■*  6 


O    ©  OS   o 

O    ©   CO   o 


.    o  -*  o 

O    HH   U5 
b-  o 


o  o 


g    »    «5    S 
O    C*    to    ^+t 

'-• '    '-i  CSJ    CO 
CO 


02 

© 

«  o 


M 


CO  co 


lO 


O   o> 

■H  -a 


°  S        o 

CO    tH  " 

co~ 


O 


o  S3 


CO 

CO 

o 
o 

o 

o 

o 
b- 

co 

o 
o 
o 

co 

CO 

o 
© 
o 

o 

o 

O    CO 

to 

CO 

o  *o 

t>- 

d 

XO    CO 

CO 

CO 

lO    CO 

* 


/— s  »0 

CO  iH 
i-H  OS 
C5     rH 


c3     * 

I; 

09     P 

g^ 

S     >> 

Eh  en 

^^ 

.S'C 

feS 

3 

PS 

Ph 
Ph 


o  I 

*  a 

S   S  -J3 

,5   o8  ^ 


SH 


S   ■    ■  *H 

o  <h  o  2 

*"   o  .  2 

oo  -^  "S 

■P     +3  P,  03 

So  p 


o 

o 

00 

CO 

o 
to 

co 

«5 

!     d 
o 

co 

1—1 

00 

o 

C5 

(M 

i—l 

*           T-4 

»o 

© 

© 

o 
o 

CO 

co 

o 
p 

co 

© 

d 
o 

CO 

io" 

d 

o 
i— i 

: 

oo 

3 

- 

- 

- 

- 

ft 
m 

- 

-  * 

- 

- 

'© 

- 

- 

- 

3 

o 
o 

© 
© 

o 
© 

co 

© 
p 

h- 

oq 

o 

d 

d 
© 
©^ 

d 
o 
© 

d 

»o 
i— i 

co 

. 

. 

• 

• 

. 

. 

00 

i-H       * 

p 

CO 

o 

i— 1 

CO 
00 

CO 
O 
i— 1 

CO 

o 


O  fl 


c3    <*> 

ft  I 


U  55 


.-♦a     ft 


O    O 


00 

i-H 
CO 

co 

CO 

CO 

b- 

CO 

b- 

o 

CO 

co 

00 

co 
o 

CO 

OS 

eq 

o 


fr-a 


*H         - 

O     >» 

O 
«+-(    c3 

O  o 

•    eJ 

IS 

&£ 


a 


^  a  «h 


Ph 


P  P 


O  43 
o 

O    e3 

•    t» 


-u      CD 

&  a 


I 

H 


o     , 
ft  Cu 


e8      '     mi    OS    n 

•s     '  "§  "S  ^ 

£°H41 

1   fl.8 

05    ©   -M 

•§«J 

e3    d    O 

•w  S?  t*  — i  <S 

•    42        "     O  «H 

&I3  &£b-~  &a  '%* 
p    p  p    p 

in 


S 
I 


.    & 


s    .P 


1  O  | 

2  S   •   ' 

S  .2    .  °° 

-  ^     •    o 

a 

o 

C3 

o 
a 


H^ 


a  °  a  !  g 
&^s  ^o 


.2     •   «    . 

a   .  »  . 

§ .?  • 

I    •  o  • 

S--  .1   - 

1   •  g  | 

1=1        §  2 
§    ^  S.9 

3    o    O 

Mop 
.    o     .  Ph 
+=>    o  *» 

Ph  CQ      ft   d 


C5 

10 

42 

d 

55 

IQ 

1«s 

CO 

© 

&i 

OO 

to 

o 

cq 

H 

m 

•I1 

SO 

CO 

I— I 

(^ 


ft-  °°~ 


ft 

GO 


^  5 

•"2  03 

03  ^ 

02  H 


o  «o 

10 


PQ     t     •     ' 

W     PH       „       SB 


•  0 

O 

0 

O 

;  q 

q 

q 

!  0 

0 

d 

rH 

•  0 

0 

10 

i-l 

.     rH 

CM 

'HO  £ 

W 
I 


G 

"2 

0 

~ 

0 

0 

„ 

G 

0 

CO 

a 
< 

G 

g 

a 

^S 

O 
0 

.2 

H 

5 

W 

"§ 

«H 

CO 

O 

9 

O 

0 

ft 

.s 

+3 

ft 

0 
a 

O 

<X> 

P 

P 

«  a 

a>  o 

s « 

0  5 

G  °    -r 


o 


o| 

ft 


_    o 
G 


r^P^ 


112 


-3  «J 


fr 


rG         U 


o 

I  I  I 

00  Jl       00 

CD  Exj     cp 

bO  60 
03 
G 


qj    r-i 
P. 


O      3     ^ 

0   bo  a 
•    g    o 

aP  Ph 
P 


<W 

•lH 

1 

| 

1 

0 

O 

0 
0 

O 

CD 

0 

«H 

«H 

O 

O 

-i-2 

^J 

ft 

ft 

<3J 

a> 

ft 

CO 


^    bo 

3£ 


b  a 

o    o 
a>     o 

«h  .a 

.   a 

*»   g 


P  P  P 


o 

00 

;         © 

cs; 

o 

b-i         ; 

id 

"* 

OS 

r-I 

rH 

CO 

00 

o 

os 

** 

US 

t- 

TjJ 

CO 

CN1 

t^ 

CX| 

W5 

CO 

t- 

os 

1Q 

O 

© 

00 

oo 

o 
© 

r-I 
r-4 

o 

o 

to 

OS 

©              '. 
co 

OS 

© 

r-I 
r-I 

»o 

CXI 

© 

OS 

o 

(x 

£ 

~ 

- 

- 

Pi 

a: 

*• 

- 

u 

*c 

C 

■* 

"* 

o 

o 

W5 

© 

© 

CO 

*        © 

d 

t^ 

o 

o 

cxi 

t- 

o 

<m" 

»o 

•   ,_l 

«5 

!  ^ 

os 

*  -* 

oo          ! 

•  m> 

cq 

•  ©q 

o 


M  .      CO 

•^  <D         • 

*i  .      OX) 

0  '  OS       • 

+a         ~     60       • 

<H      CO      rl 

313  : 

1  ,0)     o 

i  g  s  - 
o  .a  o  m 

o  pq 


O 


fl   J.  * 

©     Co 

a  &  • 

£*  • 

eS    [V.  ^ 

pn  r—i  ^ 

s  g  o 

.9  S  § 

1  o  2 


•  a 


o 


g 

a 

g 


EH<h 


g 

a 

g 
o  O 


0) 


.  > 


sis 

P 


43  g 
p  ® 

a>     P 


«4-l  *" 

•H    g 
O    o 


®  g 

S  I 

r-I  rd 

g<4 

«h  -g 

o  ° 

.  02 


■g  CO 

a  * 

a  « 

g  a  « 

rH  g       5H 

o>  P  o 

O  r-I       2 

O  oh 

a  rS 

«H  y       r-I 

:s  §  1 

p 

113 


w 


JO  03 

f^  «   o 

rM  CO     .S 

O  CO    rH 

CQ  & 


i  :-a 


g 

H      ft    0) 


rQ    ^ 

cd  *a 

g^ 

r- 1     13 

L  g 

13 


5  1 

m  pq 
.-:  s 

r^.2 
CH     60 

°    rr? 


•     P 


O  §  o  fl 


«h  o  .3  ^_ 


5     P  . 


w 


a  i 


o 

1 1 

§£ 
■•^  -  • 

.S  Pn 


If   I 


-t^    ^      -M 


p 


=H    O  «H 

°^  °    O 

43       r-I  ^       O 

■'-■<  p  £?  P(iJ 


Old 

*CJ   CN 
■      °   J. 

S  -h  os 

£?g  « 
w  a  5 


P     P 


2     ^     P^ 
P*    *       I 


e3     O  if 


&a 
p 


o 
cc 

s 

CO 

e  Oi 

r-l 

o 

«H    O    © 

co 

CO 

U5 

-*( 

»o 

o 

U5    O    O 

cq 

°? 

cq 

© 

os 

os" 

CO    O    © 

o" 

t^ 

© 

© 

so 

o 

o 

00    CO    O 

1-1 

r-H 

o 

x* 

£^ 

lO 

r-H 

cq   <m   »o 

t~ 

tH 

<M 

-* 

<l    <u 

tH- 

to 

&H 


I  *» co- 

c3 
O 


r-l 
© 

OS 

o 
© 

o 

CO 

CO 

»o 

CO 

o 

co 

<N 

° 

Ph 


»o   o 

CM     O 

<n   no 


t-  Oh 

<N     CO  CO 
CO  b_ 


o 

o 

O  CO 

'.        p. 

:          © 

©  ^H 

!        © 

o 

O  ** 

o 

o 

lO  U5 

oq 

;              © 

t- 

1-hT 

co 

r-l     O 

lO    © 

CO    "5 

CO 
CO 


oo 


o 


o 


CO     CO 
CO      r-H 


© 

OS 

CO 

o 
co 

© 

CO 

I— 1 

s  s 


°    a 

CO     _M 

si 
3  I 


«H      «H       +=>      -r-l 


a 


3  S 


«H 


p 
a 

PR 
Ph  cq 


ft    *-t 

CD 

•!9 

3      CD 


111 

CD      CD 

.a  -s  § 
s  ^  ^ 

O      O 


Pi 
CD 

P 

S  .2 


flflfl 


CD 


rd  .  O 

Pi  h 

s  •  fc 

5  •  o 


c '     •    p  Ph 

p<  !>>  &  .s 

20     fc     M    « 


s-i     o     o 


F=l 

Ph 

Q 

^3 

CC 

P 

O 

o 

02 

cc 

3 

« 

O 

Ph 

3 

13 

Ph 

=H 

^ 

o 

S3 

«H 

^  f«  C8  *    CO 

"^  O  IH  b  tg 

CD  I  13  I       oq 

to  '  CJ  I      -W= 

CD  >»  •-<  ^       « 

P  rP  5?  rfl        ® 

*  Ph^  p,H 

^  °  2  5     hn 


I        A 


o 


114 


p    - 

CD 


jQ        •      «  • 


O         ^ 

■>,     oa     (-1.  n 

t-5      O    'g  O  .P  ' 

®  Ph  Ph  Ph  a  ^ 

.CD  .  ^  O 

O      p,  {-,  ft  «H  o 


"    o 


.  o 

ft  c« 

CD  ^i 

P 


•*     CO 
t-     CO 

CO     rH 


05 

CO 
00 

rH  CO 

K5  00 

ft 


O  CO  <M 

O  CO  ^H 

O  00  rjH 

O  CO  t~ 

iO  <N  CO 


<N  rH 

CO  05 

O 
O 

O  rH 
O  rH 

.  o  t- 

'.               SO  rH 
rH  rH 
r-( 

O 
O 
»0 

lO  CM 

'  d  co 

.  O  rH 
.  U5  CO 

•  h  oT 

—4 

<D      0> 


35 


02 


O      0> 
-M    i — i 

a    e3 


o 


O  O 


rH      00 

>o    00 


ri,  <D 


be     *   02   _ 


o   ^ 

is 


73  .s 

-•->  it3 


<s  3  ■g 

•    ?     • 
P       P 


r^         • 

8  1 


Wft 

P 


O      CD         . 
I       O 

I  a  • 

££  • 

HH*       g  . 

a  o   • 

°.       .    * 

ft  ^3 

P  A 


O 


CD 
P 


r3        *    ^ 


•  O    o 

.  g  g 
.  i  a 


S  pq  • 

a  73  ©  • 

goo 

Cj      S-l      <HH  Q 

B      *>      -P  * 


115 


57  57  CC 
P  P 


r*4        « 

*  i  .'4 

H  cu 

O      O  O 

•43   ^  .  p3 

S'S  ..s 

3^  .  a 

O      r*4  2 


0JD    <3 

a  ^ 
.a  £ 

*£ 

S3 


►9     00 

6*1    rH 

CO 


•g1     r-     GO 


6Q 


^ 


&q 


co 

C3 

O 

C7i 

CO 

CO 

oo 

r— 1 

co 

o 

o 

o 

>o 

»o 

-* 

CO 

CO 

CO 

>o 

CO 

CO 

co 

-* 

b- 

CD 

-* 

CO 

« 

co 

CO 

© 

b- 

W5 

b- 

>^ 

<M 

-* 

OJ 

i— 1 

CO 

N  ■*  CJ  M  CO  «3 

CO  **  CO  00  OS  »o 

N  N  ©  H  d  oi 

O  «*  «5  **  00  CO 

tr-  O  CO  <-H  US  CO 

C<T  ©  <"<r  b-  CO"  co" 

^H  <M  rH  CO  r-l  rH 


O     O     O 
O    O    O 


O  O 
O  Ui 
00    <M 


O  O  id 
O  lO  t>- 
CO    b-    »0 


o  o 

»0    U5 

co  io 


o  o 

o  q 

«5  O 

<M  O 

no  co 


en 
13 

PQ 

rC    a. 

a   ft. 

£  a 

tH 

rt     O 

o 

h!  O 

coco<m  ©   «>  <M«3  g^«oo^co«o»t 

i-J    — ^    eci  o1^  "O    H  co*b-^i-tOoo^HC<J<NC7i 

«    00    u  CO    rH  b-b-  Ob-OCTiiOooCOCOO^N 

g    ^    ^  *    CO  ,~1.H1  »>Ofl)WN»OtOO>t«l> 

©            CO"  ^  «*  "^  ^  •"*"                          ^           r-T 

ii '  8|  ;;  ;ii;  :s.v.'.'.' 


o 

-* 

*r«i 

<M 

S  Oj 

>o 

•S^ 

GO 
** 

§>*H 

C<1 

°i. 

o 

■§ 

o 


s 

a 

O 

.— I 

© 

£a 


O  oo 

©  rH 

©  CO 

00  ** 

o  b-T 


co  io 

OS     b- 


c8 
O 

o 

GG 
O 

O 

w 

•S  » 

ft   r-l 

©  2 

m     r-l 


2  a 


a  •  s 


&0+5 

fl  5 


T3 

in 
>»     . 


CQ    rH 


© 

•  A 
2.3 


CO 


CO 


rH  CO  CO  *©  C7i 

CO  -rH  C75  N  C7i 

S    «  IO  O0  «  2 

OS     CO  «*  CO  ?0  O 

lO    CO  «  «  w  10^ 

C*T  crT  cq"  »o~  CO  CO 

rH     rH  rH  CO  rH  r-l 


o    r 


«   2  Z 

rH     <u      eS 

>jO    o 

■  a  a 
£  3  5 
fii  ts 

^S  § 

Sri  I 

<D    £    n 


o  • 

o  . 

3  . 

d  . 
o 

*  CO 

a  & 


rn"5  » 

O      rl  « 

ft^  2 

o  3  ^ 

O    sJ  — 1 


CO    £> 
00    |> 


116 


CS  <M 

«5  Oi 


CM  CO  b-  r- 1  <M  cq 

CO  rH  t>-  tH  rH  r* 


CO  CS  ?H  00 

^  <n  »>:  ^ 

CO  >*  CO  CO 

CO  ■*  00  -* 

rH  tJH  CM  CM 


o  O  O  O 

©.  ©  ©  © 

©  ©  ©  © 

J5  o  ©  © 

N  15  10  jg 


©    o    ©    ©    ©    ©    © 

©©©©©©© 

©    ©'     ©  ©  lO  »0  © 

O    10    O  "O  N  S  O 

H    jq     K5  l>  CC  10  ■* 

CJsf  r-T  r-T 


rH     PJ 

CO    pq 


'o 

,. 

'o 

- 

C3 

*o 

- 

~ 

Q 

<1 

0 

^ 

0 

10 

© 

iO 

CN 

CM 

"* 

CO 

10 

1— 1 

CM 

CM 

© 

t- 

© 

© 

i>- 

CM 

CO 

«5 

© 

1— I 

co 

CO 

© 

os" 

»c 

10 

^ 

H/< 

© 

"«* 

OS* 

CM 

t^ 

a 

>o 

0 

CM 

rH 

^H 

^-1 

10 

CO 

CM 

tH 

-* 

OS 

CM 

if} 

CO 

© 

CM 

CO 

cm" 

CO 

I— 1 

CO 

CO 

CM 
CM 

CO 

** 

; 

; 

* 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

a 

CD 

•3 
0 

CO 

CO 

C3 
O 

CO 

CU 

cu 
■*^ 

a 
i— 1 

pi 

O 

Cv 
1— 1 

t-l 

CD 

"5 

1— I 

J 

** 

^* 

** 

~ 

'6 

pH 

w 

t- 

CO 

© 

CM 

,_, 

10 

CO 
I— I 

CO 

CO 

T— 1 

© 

0 

CO 

© 

CM 

© 

CO 

CO 

t^ 

CM 

CO 

rH 

I>1 

CO 

»o 

CO 

CO 

-sH 

OS 

"* 

OS 

1—1 

10 

CD 

»-^ 

t> 

^H 

eo 

CO 

CO 

©~ 

co~ 

00" 

lO 

t^ 

1— 1 

r-T 

r-T 

cm" 

.-1 

1—1 

CN 

CM 

rH 

t- 

r* 

1— 1 

-* 

©    10 

©'   os 
©   00 

1C5-   ©5 


<D      - 


o3    t* 

23 

rH     " 

©    d 

si 


CO 

rH 

<D 
bfl 
O 


co    3 
co    o      • 

o    ©  v_ 


•         rH 


©       .  ™ 

O     ©  OS 

in   cm  os 

10  co 


10 

CO 

rH 

CO 

CM 

co 

tH 

t- 

t^ 

CO 

CO 

©' 

OS 

^h 

b- 

b- 

CM 

rH 

© 

iO 

** 

CO 

OS 

TjT 

CM 

CO 

3      rS 


,1  ^ 


ml 

•     C8 
CU 

«-     03 

CD     CQ 

^^N 

en     _  .9 

•  H       *^~ 

f-l       IO 

CD 

rH 
O 

CO 

rH 

OS 

y  Ru 

Ethics, 
End  H 

CD     CO 

rC        CD 

lH-( 

4h 

3 

GQ 
117 

rl 
<1 

Henr 

Social 
South 

.2    >s 

co  Eh 

h>  h,  jrS 


CM 

J** 


*8 


CO     CM 

CO    CM 


W5  «C  ■*  O  ■* 

N  QO  M  q  ■* 

rA  OS  O  t^  CO 

i-(  CM  CO  O  t- 

OO  ^  iO  H  M 

O  CO  »0  W  00 

cm  r-t  cm 


h  ©  eq 

t-.  cm  ^ 

co  co  t^ 

co  os  co 

Oi     H  IO 

t-T  co  ** 


o 

o 

•  o 

•  o 

o 
o 

o 

o 

o 
o 

o 
o 

o 
o 

o 
o 

o 

o 

o 
o 

o 
o 

o 
o 

o 
o 

o 

o 

O 
O 

«5 

CM 
CM 

'.  © 
.  o 
.  co 

»o 

10 

co 

o 
o 

o 
o 

o 
to 

CO 

o 

1— 1 
1-h" 

o 
o 

CO 

iO 
CO 

CM 
94 

o 
o 

CO 

K5 
CM 
CM 

CD 

o 

j j 

T3 

i — 1 

ffg 

W     0 

^ 

^ 

CU 

o 

o 

s 

O 

Ph 

1-H 

t- 

OS 

id 

CM 

00 

os 

CD 

*o 

o    CO 

^ 

CO 

a 

b- 

OS 

CO 

t- 

<M 

o 

CO 

CO 

t~ 

O     rH 

»o 

CM 

< 

CO 

I— I 

CO 

os 

r^ 

tH 

.—1 

Cq 

1— 1 

O    OS 

lO 

N- 

CO 

-* 

1—1 

o 

tH 

CO 

r^ 

T— 1 

rH 

IQ    co 

r* 

CO 

CM 

CM 

co 

t-l 

CO 

CO 

<N 

OS 

•^ 

CO    "* 

CM 

CO 

e4=* 

o 

T— 1 

CO 

rH 

•a 

c 


lO     CO 

t-  co 

CM    j-i 


(V 

ft  - 


>  ?*s   © 


b-    O 

CM    CO 

CO    -* 


O  w 
©  w 
d  cm 

U5 


CO    lO     lO    ^ 
"*      CO      r-H      CM 

^H    O    O    CO 


CM     CO 

CO    ^ 


c3 

W  © 

.&  '  "  3 

pd     •     •  co 
H 

>s 
Ph 


cc 


,   «H 


co  *-, 


£j       »^_    rrt     i—l 


^"2  1^5.3  1 


o  u 

<l    <J    <1 


d 
o 

w  w  PQ  2    fl 

^      ^    rH    ^    ^ 

1  £  §  a  s 
1  a  a  |  -» 

C3    .rH      08      O      rH 
W    W    DQ    W    W 

118 


<j  w  a 


CO 

© 

HH 

rH 

»- 

►- 

»o 

HH 

i 

H 

cm 

e*3 

CO 

eo 

co 

T* 

t- 

fc» 

»o 

00 

CO 

o 

CM 

o 

i— ( 

OS 

iH 

OS 

CO 

CM 

© 

co 

»o 

rn 

«* 

CM 

oo 

O 

CO 

l> 

rH 

HH 

as 

■^H 

o 

rH 

rH 

t~ 

o 

t~ 

o 

HH 

rH 

o 

eo 

00 

CO 

lO 

co 

rH 

o 

CO 

co 

CM 

co 

rH 

H< 

oo 

eo 

IO 

>* 

CO 

*a 

o 

o 

co 

© 

rH 

** 

CO 

co 

CO 

«* 

co 

CO 

CO 

OS 

OS 

CO 

IO 

eo 

CO 

CO 

o 

OS 

CO 

<~> 

o 

IO 

CM 

on 

t^ 

OS 

O 

CM 

CO 

CO 

CO 

OS 

QO 

co 

rH 

OS 

t- 

OS 

o 

00 

HH 

CM 

as 

00 

CO 

o 

CO 

l> 

r-i 

iO 

OS 

CO 

t^ 

>0 

CO 

CO 

U5 

"* 

iO 

00 

00 

co 

t— 

^ 

CO 

rH 

r-t 

ft 

CM 

rH 

»o 

©  ©coo°eo©©co 

o  -oosoohoooo 

»0*  ©eo'^OcoOOt^ 

CM  ©COt^JOOSiOiOOS 

CO  WUJn^HHNH 


©  ©  © 

o  ©  O 

©  o  © 

-  ©  2  © 

CM  CO  "*  CM 


iO 


°  2 

©  © 

©  © 

o  © 

co  os 


o  ©  ©  © 

o  o  *o  © 

©  »o  t;  >5 

iO  N  M  N 

CO  CO  »H  CO 


©  © 

©  © 

d  © 

©  »o 

CN  CO 


os  cm 

K5  CO 


a 

H 

■^COcoOSCOb-COCOCOCOrH 
CM    OS    CM    CM    r- 1    M    CO    00    "5    M    <C 

M      tO     O      i- lOSrHrHOSCSrHHi 
MlOc0"OH^C0HWO5b» 


o  - 
O 


©  ^  55 

"5  ^  S 

^1  H  ffi 

co  as 


OS  OS  HH  © 

CO  CM  ©  l> 

w  s  oo  6 

t~  CO  CO  00 

•*  «*  co  co 


<4H 


IO  OS 
00  00 
rH  00 


b-  ©  CO  -*  © 

N    ^    ^    l>    W 
-*©COo6cMOSt>lHHCOCOOS 

fO  "^-M  ■If*  f*S.  r«V\  «rt  J*.".  r»f*  f- *S  —J  /*lT\ 


CM     "*     rH     00     »0 

CO    o    ^    ^ 


S    M 


WJ       '-**'       UN       WJ       C^»      TJ1       WJ       WJ       UJ 

CM^lOOSCOCMCMCOOrHCO 

©s^coiocot-aocorHOsio 
ts*  r-j  io'~orcot^io^eo'|iO>osHr 


©    -*    OS    CM    ©    CO  fc- 

•H     b_     00    -*     ©     00  CM 

CM    t^    OS    ©    ©    t-^  CO 

^    ffl    IO    «3    O    IO  W 

t- •    C>    CM    O    CM     CO  t- 

t-T  co" 

CM  iH 


GO     GO     CO     b- 


o 

g 
ft 

co 

-H 

o 

OQ 

rH 
© 

CJO 

o 


00    y-i 

©      rH 
OS     OS 


'o  $3 


t>    io 

00     oo 


CO    ^ 


w 


03 

o  o 
0  Eh 


Tj  CM  CM  CO  tH  CO 

.3  Ki  GO  IO  fc-  OS 

MOO  00  00  GO  00 

rH  rH  rH  rH  rH 


oooooooocooocooo 


119 


"3   C 


.so 


CM 

CO 

CO 

OS 

©      CO    CO 

of    ccf  bT  CO 


CO  O  t>  O  M 

OS  l>  CI  CO  o 

O  1C  H  CO  ■* 

»o  00  CN  as  CM 

CO  CO  CO  t~  CD 


OS   "*    <M 

©    CO     rH 

CO  CO  CO 
»o  -^  -rf 
N    N    « 

co"  of  >> 


OS 


t-  1-1 

iO    o 

b-     1Q 


CO  o   o 

co  q  q 

CO  -*'    ©  t~^ 

CM  t-     lO  OS 

-*  OS     CM  CO 

co  >o"  atf 


CQ 


©    O    1CJ 

O    iO    b- 

co   co   i-i 


.d  ~    - 


•O    OoOOOoo 

•o  ©  ©  <^>  °.  "R  q  © 

;d  d  6  "i  2  9  °"  >o 

.   O    00<^0»OiocM 
Ico-^^^^^t-cM 


o  »o 

O     CM 

CO     <M 


tf2 


o  ~  - 

o 

CO  '~l  i-H  «M    CO     i-H 

(M  CO  «5  CO     N     H 

H  CO  r»  O    ■*    UJ 

•^i  OS  cs  rH    *0    t- 

CO  CO  i— I  CO    o 

€©=  CM 


CJ     cy 


*bO 


•   o   S1  C   ®   53 


iO    CO    CO    *>*    ©    b-  to 


g  °S  53  00     OS  CM  CO     OS     b- 

•?     r  W„  CO    CO  CO  t»    «_  •* 

gN  §  co"  n  n  coco 

••»   >^  .— I  CO 


•s  € 

gJ    n    ,-> 
o    fl   co 


co   co 

i-l    o 


l_j     H    LJ     T~ ' 

s  © 

Q 

2r  p< 
©  5 

©     H 


OS 
CO 

I-l 

n 

o 

GG 

© 

O 
P 

i— i 

OS 

_4      H 

aw 

* 

,Q 

03 
02 

H 

o 

5 
C3 

T5 

1 
3 

© 

bD 
u 
o 

O  H 

E> 

© 
0 

© 

ft 

© 

GQ 

o 


o 
O 

"   I-l 

"    CO 


t--  *o 

o  co 
co   ■* 


co  t-  q  co  o  cm 

so  iq  q  i-i  q  ** 

00  b-  O  CO  O  O 

,-h  r-i  \a  co  O  t- 

t-  CO  N  ^  O  H 


^  S  fi  -2 


I-l  t>- 

CM  OS 

CM*  CO 

CO  OS 

O  <M 


6  w  o 

>o  o 

Ui    © 

CO    CO 
CM    "«* 

.     CO 
.     CO 

OS     CO 
OS     CO 
CO    O 

»o    CO 

CO    H 
O    00 
CO     CO 

co  »o 

'    iH       ! 

I     CO 

.     CO        . 

oo     ; 

© 

■i 

•Is 

ll 

ei     GO 


•  'd 
~  co 

oo"  © 

O     M 

2  w 


CO        ' 

os  ^ 
oo   co 


120 


i-H     f  'H  T*    " 

^co  IV,  bO  ^ 

Ph    2!  Ph  d  ^ 

3  a  *  w  | 

Ph  ft  0  ^ 


©    . 

os  ^ 

+* 

GO        . 

d 

FS 

o  w 

&D    " 

"S  -° 

PS     • 

00 

71- 

s^ 

«    OS 
fl     CO 

3  o 

©  n, 

fl  o 

a- 

^^ 

OS 
CO 

• 

CO 

^^ 

o 

Pi 

1 

OS 

I— ( 

T5 

© 

O 

i> 

o 

o 

0  0 

PI 

t>s 

Cl) 

u 

> 

a 

a3 

© 

wn 

09 
© 

i— t 

c3 

u 

a 

aJ 

i-j 

O 

F 

■* 

i-( 

t- 

t- 

lO 

<* 

rH 

CM 

€©> 

O    <N 

oc 

r-l 

co          CC 

o 

O 

CC 

•>* 

O    00 

CN 

q 

lO             CO 

c 

q 

cc 

O 

OS   00 

d 

oc 

»o         co 

o 

d 

cc 

t^ 

cq   -* 

o 

O 

co         cc 

lO 

© 

CC 

CM 

■HH    O 

rH 

CO 

O0             CO 

CO 

co 

CO 

IQ    O 

co 

cm 

CO 

co" 

i-H 

t~ 

CO 

€£= 

o 

q 

«5 

CM 

i-H 

«©= 

U 

O 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

c 

o 

o 

o 

c 

o 

O 

•  o 

o  © 

o 

O 

o 

o 

© 

"t 

q 

q 

q 

q 

q 

©  q 

q 

q 

c 

q 

q 

•  p> 

q   q 

q 

q 

q 

q 

© 

r>l 

d 

wi 

d 

d 

d 

d  g 

d 

d 

c 

d 

d 

;  d 

d  d 

d 

d 

d 

d 

U5 

CO 

o 

t~ 

o 

lO 

o 

lO    P 

o 

o 

c 

o 

o 

.  o 

O    «5 

o 

o 

U5 

o 

cm 

rH 

o 

CM 

■* 

CO 

q 

<M 

"> 

co 

CO 

oc 

CM 

<M 

.  cm 

CM    o 

rH 

CM 

CM 

CO 

CO 

F-H 

r-i 

. 

. 

• 

• 

' 

• 

o 
GO 

^ 

„ 

„ 

^ 

„ 

„ 

„ 

~ 

„ 

„ 

„ 

„ 

"* 

" 

~ 

~* 

~ 

"■* 

" 

CO 

3 

** 

"* 

** 

"* 

" 

*• 

"* 

"* 

** 

_; 

£ 

pq 

_j 

d 

h3 

6P  = 

O 

o 

o 
O 

o 
O 

d 

O 

O 

*=>  £ 

O 

o 

rH 

CD 

CD 

o 

CM 

© 
c 

o 

o 

o 

o 

O 

.  o 

o    <=> 

o 

8 

o 

OS    O" 

"* 

q 

CM 

t^ 

<M 

q 

q 

q 

o 

q 

q 

q 

c 

q 

q 

q 

<=>  S 

t^ 

d 

cc 

»H 

lO 

d 

00 

»o 

d 

d 

d 

d 

d 

d 

c 

d 

d 

d 

lO 

d 

05  s 

CO 

o 

»o 

»o 

o 

o 

0s 

fcx 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

©    M5 

o 

>o 

cq  ^ 

i— < 

q 

CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

c<T 

00 

cc 

o 

CO 

CO 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CN 

CM 

CD 

CM 

CM 

T3 

• 

'        ' 

Fq 

. 

• 

'        * 

o 

. 

. 

• 

• 

• 

•       • 

. 

. 

+3 

CO 

* 

CO 

a> 

CD 

CO 

cd 

^ 

1 

CD 

" 

~ 

<4H 

- 

- 

- 

2 

„ 

1 

c3 

<a 

3 

=4- 

2 

- 

2 

- 

2 

S 

S 

- 

lO 

l> 

on 

o 

00 

CM 

CO 

t^ 

O 

CO 

CO 

o 

CO 

CO 

id 

o 

CO 

OS 
rH 

'S   a 


o  o 

O 

CO    CO 

■"* 

co 

rH     CO 

CO 

,_, 

Mi    ^ 

»o 

r-i     lO 

CC 

CM    CO 

»Q 

rH      Ph 


rH     rd 


O 

a 

CD 
<N     rH 


r-l  ® 

rH 

O  ^ 

E-i  |Z5 


^      r^ 

3  » 

1  "       CO 


o 


o 


W  CO  W 


O  eS 

""  *J 

O  Pi 

Ph  pq 


.rT  _r' -S 

-M  rH      o 

•S  d  "43 

d  c8     cj 


.a   o3 

d    a> 

o  5 


g         rf    S      rH 

•  .-a  §  §  o 

P  ^  ^  r^  yA 


1  a 

S  .2 


121 


o 
© 

© 

o 

o 
© 

©  ; 

o 

-* 

o 

co 

<M 

00 

o 

-* 

o 

CO 

CO 

-* 

b- 

o 


0  2 

©  © 

©  ©  ©  d 

©  JO    »0    -^ 


O    o    o    © 


=   o  o  ©  o  ©  o  o  ©  © 
O  o  o  ©.  o  o  o 


o  o 


<N    <M    CN 


o    ©    o    O    O    o 
©    O    O    O    »o 
-*     CO 


CO 


o  ©  ©  O 

_    O    JO  »0  O  io 

©   jo   o   e*j  b-  »o  <m 

H    CO    N    iO  N  ■*  N 


^ 

^ 


^  o 


o  o 
o  o 

lO     r-i 


©  ©  ©  © 

©  o  ©  © 

©  ©  ©  © 

©  JO  »o  "* 


o  ©  O  O  ©  © 

©  ©  ©  o  ©  © 

©  ©  ©  ©  ©  © 

O  ©  ©  O  W5  © 

CO  "*  CO  ,-1  CO  <N 


d 

„ 

^ 

H3 

"Si 

^3 

„ 

3 

p 

o 
O 

CO 

rK 

© 

© 

co 

co 

CO 

© 

b- 

b- 

on 

b- 

© 

JO 

^ 

CO 

co 

© 

"■*! 

o 

CO 

CO 

<M 

b- 

^ 

as    .    .  .      .  •  •  .      ....... 

.  .•.  ......         OQ 

s 

eH  v--s.  „        „        „        „        „        „        -^ 

*  '6  =      £ 


o 


jo    co 
»>    co 

»0      C55 


PI 
O 


o  ^  .2 


«        c3  «H 

P         P  ° 

P       1*  ^ 

a  o  o 

^  -d 

c8 


CO  CO 
CN  -* 
CO    <N 


.      P 

PI 

.-     <D 

.2  Ph 


<"      CD 

I— (    +J 


*    2 

<D    rP 


M 


o 
-a 

c  »  S 


«   pi 
o    5 

«    CO 


O 


PQ 


p"  is  a 


°5h 


OQ   OQ   CO   OQ    ^   ^   W 


^    ©  Hj 


■aw 

o 

1-3 


CO 


OS  b- 

00  -* 

<JD  iO 

©  Oi 

GO  -* 

co"  t^" 


ft    '  S! 

Jh      g     ©   JO 


•Jl 


*h   K   42 

5    m 


GO 


t"1     O 
«  CO 

•H  rP 
f>  O 
©      CO 


122 


CO 

o 

<# 

i-H 

b- 

b- 

>C 

tH 

,— ( 

CM 

«* 

b- 

o 

OS 

o 

M 

i-\ 

CM 

tr- 

XO 

O 

b» 

<M 

CO 

o 

,— ( 

o 

,H 

I-H 

o 

o 

OS 

i-H 

t> 

00 

b-. 

OS 

«tf 

q 

b- 

ee 

CO 

t> 

q 

°^ 

N 

© 

q 

l-H 

eo 

q 

q 

OS 

b- 

lO 

O 

00 

00 

CO 

t> 

© 

© 

CO 

cm 

** 

d 

OS 

oo 

t> 

»> 

co 

CO 

OS 

d 

-* 

i— ( 

b-1 

-* 

<M 

lO 

1—1 

i-H 

CO 

t> 

o 

>o 

<M 

t- 

co 

o 

co 

~* 

o 

CO 

OS 

o 

00 

00 

OS 

i— l 

b- 

°i 

CO 

CO 

°t 

T-i 

CO 

■H^ 

cq 

i—i 

co 

OS 

t> 

q 

OS 

q 

<* 

CO 

lO 

lO 

CM 

co" 

fc«r 

cm 

r-4 

t^ 

exT 

1— ( 

CO 

r— 1 

WT 

»>T 

oT 

co" 

co" 

«© 

co" 

CO 

cq 

tH 

l> 

iri" 

,-h" 

i-H 

t-H 

cm 

CO 

i—i 

1—1 

OS 

o 

OS 

© 

o 

o 

CO 

o 

o 

o 

^H 

o 

o 

lO 

1—1 

lO 

lO 

CO 

CO 

»o 

* 

-n 

* 

* 

3 

^J 

o 

A 

a 

m 

VI 

m 

p-j 

S3 

J-j 

„ 

o 

^ 

o 

H 

u 

o 

(M 

o 

CN» 

lO 

OS 

OS 

rH 

b- 

<M 

CO 

CM 

-+l 

CO 

OS 

1— 1 

00 

^ 

CO 

oo  oo  oooooo  •  © 

qo  °°.  qoqooq  •   © 

od  do  S  <6  o  S  *o  <S  Iio 

*o  o  ioo  o  ©  »o  io  eq  ©  .cq 

COco  -*    CO  H<    cq    CO    ■*    W    N  .CO 


.  o 
•  o 


>*  co  o 

p.  °.  "^ 

i— i  cq  co 

co  eq  os 

n  q  « 

rH  ffT 


b-     OS 


»o  q  J,  ,,,  WJ  - 

CO  >>•  ^5  OS  CO  °t 

io  co  *o  eq  CO  *° 

as  »o  oo  qo  eq  <» 

io  co  i-i  eq  co 


*o  o  OS  i—l  as  cm  co 

i-H  CO  CO  OS  -*  eq  q 

t-  o  i— i  io  d  oo  °o 

(M  b-  O  lO  b-  xo  CN 

lO  co  cq  CO  «J  H  H 


CO 

CO 

.  -   00 

CO 

oo 

co 

CO 

-     -     -      (3 


«  « 


03 
© 

to 
o 

w 


o 

b- 

CO 

O 

i-H 
00 

b- 

b- 

HH 

1-1 

CO 

b- 

CO 

i— i 

CO 

o 

OS 

CO 

00 

CO 

00 

o 

o 

CO 

CO 

I—I 

CO 

o 

OS 

o 

T* 

CO 

eq 

JO 

co 

00^ 

cq~ 

i-H 

lO 

O 

CO 

00 

>o 

on 

OT 

lO 

<^> 

(-» 

o 

o 

CO 

i-H 

lO 

eq 

l© 

CO 

OS 

CO 

CO 

CO 

t^ 

o 

co_ 
b^ 

co 
i—i 

eq 

b^ 

CO 

q 

rH 

I© 

co" 

»o 

i-H 

tr^ 

b- 

oT 

CO 

co" 

b- 

CO 

lO 

co" 

CO 

co" 

OS 

cq" 

CO 

cq" 

oo 
^" 

OS    ^ 

co    c3 

>s  fl     .  o 

3  ©  .  ^ 

•  I  a  2  g 
«  W  E*  ^^ 

CM  J 

>s 


CO       S^H 

oo  -a 


i—l     o 

©  ^ 


m  t>s  44 

§  s  S 

o  ©   £ 

W  K  Ph 


02     § 

©     +3  ^ 

bo  ^  2 

^      ©  OS 

©  o  -— 

0P3 


BB 


cq 

CO 

00 

CO 

to 

C72 

CO 

i—l 

b- 

b- 

lO 

?-l 
© 

© 
© 

©    00 
•r-t      © 

123 


O 

/-n    02 
00    rH 

II 


s-/    © 

1  a 

3  ^ 

o    ° 

PQ  W 


.     "     CM     ^ 

OS    os     H 


«J     OS 


^  O 
>S  r=1 
^    0Q 


g  g  U 

O    >s   © 

►^  P  w> 

r*>tJj      rH 

hi  PM  C 


o  ^ 
© 

Or? 


•  o 
o 

.  © 
Ph 

•  bD 
.    c8 

n 

^  >s 

00      © 
O    rH 

OS     rl 

a  I 


•11 


&H 


.a 


O 

,—1 

CO 

ui 

CN 

CM 

CN 

.H 

o 

CO 

CO 

CN 

r-l 

Ui 

o 

H< 

HH 

CO 

o 

O 

o 

1-1 

lO 

OS 

tH 

T— 1 

CO 

o 

*r~ 

CO 

CO 

1—1 

iO 

t- 

CO 

co 

^- 

HH 

M3 

OS 

»^ 

<M 

w 

o 

<x> 

CO 

CO 

rH 

-* 

CN 

rH 

CO 

O 

■** 

<M 

-*• 

CD 

1-1 

»o 

O 

1^ 

o 

CO 

to 

co 

b- 

© 

O 

CO 

r^ 

CO 

OS 

m 

Ol 

CO 

O 

CT5 

t^ 

CO 

CO 

r-l 

CN 

CO 

cn 

o 

t- 

CO 

CO 

»^ 

r-l 

CO 

iH 

o 

CO 

K> 

1— 1 

CN 

to 

"<* 

i-H 

CN 

■<*l 

CN 

CO 

co 

co 

CN 

o 

as 

CO 

-H 

I— 1 

CO 

1-1 

r-l 

rH 

i—( 

1-1 

1-1 

o 

o 

CO 

os 

•  o 

•  © 

o 
© 

o 
o 

© 
© 

.  © 
.  © 

lO 
CN 

co 

CO 

.      1Q 

•     CN 

o 
o 

CN 

© 

© 

»o 

CO 

.  © 

:  © 

.   CN 

a        o 


©  ©  ©  ©  © 

©  ©  ©  to  © 

©  lO  to  9*  © 

lO  N  N  »  M5 

lO  CN  CO  CN  W5 


"    S  o  -    s 


C7i 


CN  CO  CO  OS 

C<J  CO  OS  OS 

OS      05  N  ^  N 

CN      ©  i-t  CO  rH 

M5      OS  CO  CO  rH 


-*  CN 
©  © 
CO  CN 


s  ° 
©  © 

©*  ©  co  to 


H^  CN  OS 

CO  OS  OS 


1 — '   t_>  VJ       «ij   'J 

lO  ifl  (C  CO  N 
CN  CO     rH  CN 


rHec^CS-rJlt-H/IO 

OS»o©OSr--b-Ot^ 

lOcO«>COCO-*t^t^ 
COojCOCO^iO^os 


d    >o 

-0^     © 

:  Oi    o 


M     rl     rH 


2m    h 
•I  ^    «© 

^s    o 


n    co 


OS  cxj  to  CO  o  CO 

t>  co  »o  OS  t~  CO 

"O  {O  N  ■*  «  ^! 

lO  S  lO  CO  •*  05 

CO  CO  fc-  r-l  CO  © 


o 


CO    H/i  JOo'^'C^^OcO 

©rH  COco>OCOt-OSCOrH 

fc-    »H  rtlfvJNcOUJOCO-* 

rHr-t  CO^uCOtOCOCOCNCN 

tO^rH  r-^^CO^t-t^i-^t^r-l 

cn-^jT  c^jCco"co~cn*©co'co 

rH     rH  rH     rH  ,_( 


•a 

o 


■a 

© 


© 

£ 

rH 

© 

CO 

o 

P4 

rH 

S 

--— s 

rH 

rH 

OS 
© 

<5 

© 

rrt 

>> 

OS 

^^ 

© 

o 

03 

o 

PI 

u 

Ph 

© 

rH 

a 

n 

rD 

© 

rd 

tc 

© 

Ph  o 

« 

OS    ^5 

tO       M  ' 

CO         *H 

rH     e8 

w    O  . 

a  •§  . 

M   .  • 

O    £  • 

2  8  ' 

©  ft  • 

s  a«  . 

co    O 
ih   £j  r^ 

2,  h  S  § 

O    ©    03  v> 


R  © 

<D  «  OQ 

PI  P  © 

h»  W  oq 


c8 

«  9 

t-   o 

^_x  i— I 

IS 

$  £ 

3 

02  ^ 


124 


CO 

o 

>* 

l-H 

I- 

b- 

'O 

<* 

1—1 

cm 

</J 

r- 

^ 

«* 

O 

** 

O 

CM 

OS 

o 

on 

co 

■* 

co 

IO 

rH 

l> 

O 

os 

I— 1 

rr> 

>o 

<N 

b- 

-H 

OS 

CD 

IO 

oc> 

oo 

co 

CM 

«* 

T— 1 

CM 

co 

»o 

O 

** 

o 

CD 

"* 

1—1 

o 

CO 

CM 

Cm 

cm 

tH 

i— i 

>o 

CM 

cq 

K5 

O 

l» 

»o 

■* 

O 

t^ 

© 

IO 

o 

OT; 

on 

CM 

© 

© 

O 

H^ 

r- 

CD 

O 

co 

«<*H 

CO 

Os 

<* 

•* 

CO 

CO 

a> 

co 

t~ 

o 

oo 

o 

CM 

as 

CD 

xH 

^ 

iO 

o 

i-H 

CM 

<N 

CD 

-* 

CD 

^ 

iO 

t> 

>o 

Cn 

o 

CD 

CO 

~f 

r— 1 

»o 

CM 

CO 

r- 

U5 

>^ 

»o 

»o 

*0 

■^H 

IO 

■* 

or, 

o 

CM 

IO 

CD 

»o 

r- ( 

CO 

co 

CO 

»o 

t- 

>o 

CO 

I-H 

I— 1 

CO 
CO 

b- 

© 

© 

o 

o 

o 

as 

IO 

o 

© 

o 

© 

o 

CM 

© 

© 

o 

o 

b- 

»0 

O 

o 

© 

o 

> — ' 

• 

© 

CD 

b- 

o 

O 

o 

o 

o 

CM 

© 

• 

o 

o 

o 

as 

O 

© 

© 

o 

ua 

IO 

* 

o 

CD 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

o 

CO 

© 

o 

o 

o 

as 

o 

© 

>o 

CM 

CM 

, 

«5 

00 

»o 

o 

IO 

o 

o 

o 

CO 

o 

»o 

o 

»o 

b- 

i-l 

CO 

CO 

<* 

c<r 

CM 

CO 

CM 

Ph 

CM 

CM 

** 

** 

1-1 

1— 1 
Ph 

CO 

>o 

CO 

CD 

CM 

£ 

„ 

„ 

CO 

o 

CO 

co 

CO 

d 
'So 

■* 

" 

O 

"* 

"" 

"" 

O 

*" 

** 

** 

- 

^ 

„ 

r^ 

„ 

„ 

=3 

^ 

°8 

FJ 

... 

— 

o 

a 

O 

o 

o 

H 

U 

^ 

O 

N 

p 

** 

CD 

CM 

IO 

© 

»o 

** 

O 

CD 

CO 

<-H 

CO 

190, 

as 

o 

CD 

»o 

CM 

i-H 

b- 

OS 

t^ 

CO 

CM 

as 

-* 

t^ 

o 

CM 

CO 

CM 

CO 

1 

& 

r/i 

en 

& 

+3 

to 

„ 

„ 

„ 

u 

0) 

„ 

<1> 

O 

a> 

„ 

-M 

cu 

-M 

o 

M 

S 

h- 1 

O 

1— 1 

as  co 

CM    CM 

Ui    CO 


or, 

CN 

»0 

^ 

•  © 

as 

o 

oo 

© 

1—1 

b- 

•  as 

i—i 

CM 

Cm 

CO 

H 

CO 

.  as 

»o 

© 

IO 

as 

»o 

<M 

.  cm 

as 

i—l 

CO 

tH 

as 

as 

.  CM 

CD 

CD 

IO 

CD 

>* 

'.    *& 

rH 

IO 

^    O    ©    N 

_      X     C5     H     O     05     «     * 

H««QOOCO»W 

O)     M    O    N    ■*     N 


tH  «0  OS  rH  CO 

co  as  t-  io  co 

CD  "*  co  -*  ■-# 

as  b-  »o  CD  *o 

CO  i-H  CO  O  ••© 

t^  co"  o  ccT  »o 


d>  © 

02  CO 


^4    pj 


Si  I 


>S 

CQ  Xtl  m  fl  CO  CQ 


O   02   0   &H   EH 
125 


CO 

o 

42 

h" 

T— I 

£ 

bT 

JO 

t* 

i-T 

>*H 

cq 

„<*! 

m 

1^ 

b- 

ct 

■j*1    ^ 

o 

1^ 

CO 

°1 

bT 

CO 

* 

CO 

1—1 

fcl 


&3 


co   jo 

co   os 

i-H     CO 


os   cm 

O    OS 
OS    jo 


CO 

r-4 

OS 

rH 

co 

00 

O 

-* 

rH 

o6 

CO 

os 

b- 

OS 

CO 

©S 

OS 

JO 

<M 

CO 

co 

CM 

CO 

CO 
CO 

o 
© 

o 
© 

OS 

oo 

CO 

o 

CO 

© 
»o 

b". 

o 

1-1 

CO 

00 

o 

o 

oo 

CO 

«  «* 


o  o 

o 

O 

o 

©  © 

© 

q 

q 

JO    lO 

d 

jo 

d 

V} 

<M   t~ 

»o 

cq 

o 

JO    -* 
4©= 

rH 

jo 

CM 

$s 

>» 

*«» 

^ 

•        • 

. 

. 

g 

CO  0 

>>  <N 

OS  o6 

OS  o 

CO  ££ 


CO  "* 

b-  oo 

CO  o 

JO  (N. 

y-t  CO 


©  O  ©    00 

©  ©  ©  © 

©  ©  d  cm 

jo  jo  © 

co  ©q  co 

co 


d       .    O 

~    ffl  "S  =8 
0  ft  ft 


?8 

is 

co   50 


ft 

- 

PQ 

d 

j-h 

*5c 

O 

d 

O 

ft 

«00)^JO 
00    OS     rH     t-H     t- 


g    OS*     rH     O    -*! 

«m1°2h 


O 

OS 


®    eJ     © 

r9rS     * 

w   H    H 


-O 

-* 

tH 

-* 

<M    OS 

■Is 

CM 

CO 

b- 

CO     JO 

co' 

00 

CM 

c<i  «o        ; 

CO 

JO 

co 

O    OS             , 

<o 

co^ 

OS 

CM 

OS     "* 

•i^ 

co*^ 

CM 

r-T 

Cq     rH 

^.  «^ 

tH 

i— 1 

rH 

rH 

(»,i> 

°i. 

^ 

o 

•  #Ph 

•  15 

•       rH 

c5 

CO 

•  3 

O 

o 

•  "o 

.      rd 

o 

rH 

«H 

CO 

.    XJ1 

•^^ 

d 

o 

CI 
rH 

•    >s 

JO 

*  °    t3 
OS     cS 

•  rH       d 

o 

© 

:s 

GQ 

d 
d 
o 

a 

3 

„   O 

^  o 

OS    ^ 

Cm 

>s 

rles 
Y.M 

uncil 

o  3 

C3 

o 

rQ 

o 

126 


b-     JO    tH     CO 

■hh:   co   cn   o 

OS     CO     rH     CO 


b-  ^ 


°   2 
o  g 

Pi    02 

©  o 

■an 
IS 


JO 

o 

OS 

b- 

rH 

rH 

b- 

r- 1 

>s 

v ' 

© 

1— 1 

t— 1 

+3 

o 

+3 

c3 

a 

rH 

W 

PQ 

i— i 
© 

rH 

1 

1 

p 

rH 
© 

PQ 

T5 

o 
o 

I 

•rH 

iC    d 

rH       — 
O      d 

«JH    ^ 

b 


d  d/ 

© 

©  mi 

m  <J 


o 


rH       © 

O  CQ 


I— 1 
oo 

CM 

o 

HH 

CD 

o 

CO 

CD 

O 

i— 1 

co 

00 

co 
o 

00 
CO 

co 

00 

co 

00 
t- 

50 
fc- 

00 

O 

CD 
CM 

rH 
OO 

o 

CO 

tr- 
ee 

H* 
rH 

CM 

CD 

o 

oo 

CD 

00 

i-H 

CM 

CM 

00 

CO 

CD 
CD 

CD 

oo 

8 


<* 

CO 

00 

cm 

o\ 

'■/.I 

CD 

os 

o 

CM 

-H 

00 

CD 

CD 

<* 

h- 

CO 

00 

CD 

CM 

O    "5    0* 


*■  CJj  '  J  *-—  *— '  .  .  CD  **■•'  ^t  •  ■  — •  •  ■  • 
<^r^cOOO^^<-5o6<^'*lrH*!*iai"*"'*1 
0^05NOM<»°t!:to»<*HC<3SlO 


1  oo 


CO    <N 


cq  o  t- 

»    -#    CN 

co 


tH     O  ^  «5 

"*     O  "*  CO 

00    6  O  jej 

°     °  ^  rH 

CO    lO  o  „j| 

H  CO 


.   ft 


: 

ft 

nd 

73 

ft 

ft 

ft 

CD 

-(-=> 

cu 

a 

-^ 

CD 

o 

GO 

a; 

ta 

rH 

O 

</) 

0) 

cd 

CO 

9 

o 

Hi 

»H 

r/i 

a> 

CD 

oo 

CD 

a 

I-H 

" 

CJ 

"3 
t— i 

00 

cd 

a 

t— i 

d 
o 
h1 

CD 

d 
i— i 

"" 

■* 

O 
Hi 

d 
ft 

J-i 
CD 

I-H 

3 

O 
Hi 

** 

CD 

CD 

rH 

,_( 

tJH 

CM 

rH 

CO 

00 

t- 

t> 

»o 

<o 

t^ 

CD 

l> 

OO 

iH 

t- 

CD 

i— 1 

t- 

CD 

CD 

b- 

"* 

rH 

00 

■<* 

r> 

CD 

,__, 

on 

-rH 

CD 

*«- 

CO 

HH 

CM 

t- 

CD 

on 

t- 

rD 

on 

OO 

CO 

O 

OO 

CN 

lO 

CD 

t- 

CO 

co 

CO 

»o 

CD 

CO 

h- 

CD 

"* 

CD 

lO 

o 

t^ 

CM 

iO 

CO 

CO 

>^ 

O 

^ 

r-T 

»o 

i-H 

CD 

t— 1 

CM 

i-H 

i-H 

CO~ 

hT 

© 
bD 

o 
o 
O 


5c? 

^  22 
O  °° 

p  « 

od  A 


o 
O 

fH     oo 

as    co 

r>     t- 

u 
w 

pT 

ee 
o 

00 

i 

A 


O     r-N  H 

V-^    CD  r-H 

>>h  ja 

S  §  g 

fl      rQ  CO 

O   H  .5 

^  S  N 


-h i  o    5 

^^    CO      r-H 
+>      ^      rO 

lh  3 

^  i^  ™ 

S  &  a 

rdfl^ 

P,  0)    a) 

w  W 


127 


*    o 

•  a 

CD 

'  S 
I'd 

S  g 

•|H 

d  i— i 

c3    ;rH 

3r? 

s  ** 

I  as 


.    <1 


o 
.    o 


eq  ss  -2 

CM    CO     e3 

H     CO    Tj 

^"  s 

P       2         I 


.© 


© 
l>   . 

S^     -r- 

®    o    o    * 


«0 

»o 

o 

© 

fS 

CO 

00 

of 

l*i 

=3 

~<*» 

m- 

"2  °> 

a 

S1^ 

cn^ 

.&  « 

c<r 

§^ 

CO 

•i°3 

b- 

J-  *> 

00 

^1 

►5 

CO 

m 

id 

fc- 

1Q 

00 

CXI 

o 

o 

b- 

b- 

CO 

■* 

CM 

-* 

Tji 

1-H 

00 

lO 

t- 

OS 

CO 

00 

co 

co 

os 

co 

© 

CO 

© 

rH 

d 

<M 

lO 

oo 

IQ 

os 

lO 

00 

<M 

00 

tH 

CD 

co 

CO 

o 

00 

b- 

"* 

b- 

<N^ 

OS 

U5 

CO 

** 

oo 

OS 

© 

OS 

co 

© 

oo 

oo 

co 

b- 

INI 

CM 

*o 

co 

co 

8> 


CD 

©            ; 

...     OS 

*     *     '.   "t 

CO 

'.       '.        •     00 

.     .     •  o 

.       .        •     CM 

o 

O 


5  g 


4?    £ 


© 

i— I 

o 

;        © 

CO 

00 

•           U5 

XO 

l~^ 

CM 

o 

b- 

cm 

1—1 

«* 

T3 

«• 

• 

ft 

• 

'o 

r-l 

co  ** 

CO    CO 


CO    CO    ^    ^    N 
JO  H3    CM    CO 


O    «5  CO 

iH    CM  b- 

t^   <m  cm* 

(M    ffi  O 

CM  i-l 


£    « 


o 


o 
O 

O    »5    H  N    S  S 

t-I    OO    CO  00    o  o 

^    O    «5  S    N  00 

00     ©     —l  r-l     r-i  CM 

CO    CM  oo  h 


t3 

eS    a 

p,    p 

CD      t-i 


£  A  3  A  o  ^ 


CD       CO 
CD       fn 

«  H 


W  CO  CD 

-     fl  c  n 

~    o  2  I 

Hi  H  rS 


CD 

u 

CO 

O 


i—i 

r-l 
b- 

CM 

r-l 

o 
o 

CS  Oi 

<M 

i-5 

b^ 

d 

•1- 

0^ 

CM 

»o 

o 

«3 

8N 

cT 

b- 

00 

'«»   ^ 

00 

>    5»j 

c<^ 

^J 

^ 

CM 

• 

T3 

1 

oo 

O 

o 

OS 

1—1 

fH 

os 

v_^ 

o 

T— 1 

«H 

^-^ 

O 

s 

£ 

be 

2 

o 

7h 

O 

7J 

o3 

rj 

eg 

w 

w 

PR 

00 

d 

o 

1 

CO 
CD 

a 

a 

fi 

^ 

<i 

TJ 

.3 

© 

rQ 

rW 

1 

>a 

O 

03 

H 

ft 

w 

00    -*    rH  CO 

o    oo    »o  "* 

co   cm  *a         i> 


^   o 

t-    OS     OS      >l 

t-i    xo    »H     |> 
^CO     ^    $ 

till? 


co 


W  5  M  3  43 

2+3     5  s—' 

g  ©  H  &^ 
TJ  q  ©  ^  4i 

128 


rH     O 

CO     CO 
CO     r-l 


r— I 


c3 

03 

pi 


o 
03 

a 
hi 

pq? 

co  -Q 


1— 1 

O 

CO 

CO 

CC^ 

a 

•rH 

a 

© 

O 

© 

h 

s 

a 

8 

s 

^S 

l^ 

o 

>^ 

**l 

CD 

"«* 

CO 

cm 

CO 

00 

CD 

OS 

co 

o 

OS 

I© 

oo 

o 

rH 

CO 

OS 

CO 

QO 

1— 1 

US 
i— 1 

•o 

© 

oo 

«* 

US 

■* 

CO 

CM 

m 

cm 

CO 

<M 

US 

o 

© 

CM 

CD 

N 

OS 

to 

q 

CO 

fr- 

»o 

t^ 

>o 

Cs 

d 

d  ! 

00 

o 

co 

US 

o 

CM 

o 

oo 

xH 

t^ 

q 

"^  • 

US 

1—1 

CD 

CM 

c-l 

oo~ 

o 

&$ 

l-\ 

CO 

CD 

00  22  S 
o  cm 


Ph 


CD  CO 
CO  CO 
O  CO 


o  us 

US  t-- 
€©=  CN) 


CO 

P4 


o  o 
o  © 


O  CO 

OS  OS 
CO 


co  oo 
"*  °^ 
us'  co 

CM  i-l 

T—t 

co 


o  -  - 

o 

O  O  N  C7S  us  CO  O 

o  o  q  °5  os  co  co 


2  ° 

O  US 

o 


us 


^Ti  O  CO  oo 
«o  CO  CO  00 
CO     rH  irt 


Ph 


18 


CM 


r3 

■a 


p 


o> 


<u    S    o> 

M    H    M 


CM  CO  -^  CO 

US  OS  CM  OS 

t-  i-i  i-5  us* 

QO  i*  N  i* 

i— I  CO  ^  CM 

oT  cm"  d" 

i-l  iH  US 


a  . 

Ph    §  ^ 

S         H  ffl 

O    M  g 


-*  b-  t-  o 

CO  OS  t-  o 

»>  -*  CM*  d 

"*  CM  CO  O 

t-  TjH  CO  OS 

co  cm"  cT 


o 


o 

© 
Ph 

ft 

r* 

2  ^ 

»0   OS 


?H 
© 

>s 
03 

r3 

En 


^  2 

us  O 

CO  "~" ' 

t~  © 

1— H  O 

IS 

CD 


o 

•alls 

©    M   co 


P  o 

CO  P 

rH  02 

CQ  03 

Eh  pj 


0  >-j         R  °  fc» 


ft 

03 

a 

o 
W 

CD 

rH 
O 


-  a 

pq  pq 

a 

o 
•a 

O 
C5 


© 

s  +=» 

o3  +3 

8  S 
©  PQ 

■si 

•H    o3 

Ph  fc 


o 

TJ   os 


rH 
© 

o 
pq 

02 

>s 


%BU 


•205 

•p^O 


<M 

O 

CO 

0 

t~ 

q 

t-. 

-* 

CO 

■<* 

CO 

10 

<M 

OS 

t^ 

U5 

lO 

CO 

0 

O 

C<J 

CO 

CD 

m 

CO 

fc- 

0 

CO 

O 

10 

CO 

0 

10 

00 

q 

»o 

CO 

cs; 

!-( 

q 

CO 

CO 

d 

OS 

HH 

t^ 

I— 1 

d 

CO 

10 

»o 

OS 

cm 

1— 1 

t~ 

*a 

0 

CO 

CN 

-* 

10 

00 

a 

CO 

I— I 

i-< 

co 

<M 

t- 

*2 


& 

JS 

B8| 

/^-\ 

•^ 

w 

ss 

i 

•<>» 

8 

0 

v> 

v_^ 

m 

0 

% 

3 
^ 

1 

Hi 

0 
0 

O    <N    O 
OS    t~    10 

€&    CO 


CD 

•S  -    - 

'u    "     " 


00 

q 

O 

q 

O 

q 

O 

q 

•  O     O     O 

•  ©  q  >o 

CO 

0 
0 

W5 

rH 

d 

0 

1-H 

!    0    "^    >H 

•  °  JS  "* 

.     rH     ^     rH 

2    rQ 
o 


o 
o  »o 

CO 
rH      CO 


CO    c<i 


CO 


<M  O 

CO  O 

co  10 

*a  os 


H4    CO    IO    t- 
CCl     fc-    CO    "* 


q  o  o 

<--<  o  »o 

d  th 

O  OS 

rH  CO 


pi 


+3         CD 

3    £ 


(J,     H     O 

oj>oo 


.2ShS 


CO 

co 

oq   q 

CO 

CO 

C<J 

CO 

co 

06  0 
0 

rH 

CO 

OS 

CO 

pi 

«  5s 

O  C7S 

rH  00 

o  £P 

N  ,Q 

"B  » 

Ph  P 

Pi  p 

O  bD 

W  .in 


•c   •  .a 

Ph     .£ 

O  •       «2 

«  fc 

■fi  "»? 

S  "       * 

■H    OS 

M  C 

O      rH 

H£ 

o> 


T:  r?  -js 
>s  O  -g 

pq  o  fi  hi       W       W  H 


,2  9 


rQ 

^  pi 

03     d 


^  o  ^ 

^  a  s 

eH  '»3  "3 

d  O  /^n 


all 


Ph 


Ph 


O     O     rH     rH 

uj   us   >n   co 

■^      CO      H^ 


130 


•3  1 

rd  2 

f  ° 

^  o 

o  >  b 


o  o 


n  os 

s » 

55  r-l 

02  DQ 


f=I    bD 

<D     h 

oj  ft 
.  o 

OS 
rd     f* 


OQ 
0 

rd 
O 

02 

02 

W 

rH 

0 

ce 

bD 

0 

O 

•r-t 

0 

rtd? 

<-i 

I— I 

O 

OS 

oo 

10 

t- 

rH 

fr- 

rH 

<M 

00 

i-H 

OS 

>o 

«* 

co 

1— 

o 

o 

co 

^H 

rH 

CO 

3  S  £ 


o 
o 

00 
OS 

CO 

co 
os 

o 

o 
o 

OS 

1—1 

co 

00 

co 

oo 

«     00 

CO     00 
iH    O 


.  o 
.  o 

o  o 
o  -© 

rH 

00 

b- 

OS 

: 

•  o 

•  o 

•  co 

O    UO 
«5    CM 

CO 
OS 

b- 

rH 

b- 

OS 

■ 

^  2 

73 

CO 

rH 

H 

H 

d 

CO 

O 

-   ^ 

- 

S 

- 

o  co 

o  c* 

b-  co 

OS 

OS 

O 
rH 

OS    o 

co  co 

CO    N 

iO     CO 
pH 

CO 

CN 

CO 
rH 

CO 

rH 

02 


GO 
«5 

00 
00 

00 

o 

W5    OS 
O     00 

co 


5  g 

CO         rH 
M        «= 


b- 

rH 

o 

CO 

o 

CO 

00 
CO 

o 

o 
o 

o 

o 

oo 

OS 
CO 

FN 

rH 

CO 

CO 

o 
co 

to 

u 

a> 

a 

M 

rH 

rH 

o 

b- 

<N 

b- 

o 

i—i 

rH 

00 

o 

o 

CO 

<M 

t^ 

»o 

<-> 

(^ 

CN 

CO 

rH~ 

o 

r-T 

co" 

co_ 

© 

o 

rH 

os 

CO 

b- 
b- 

o 
o 
o 

rH 
r-i 

b- 

CO 

rH 

OS 

i— i 

• 

i 

•  o  . 
o 

<u 

•     rd 

o 

o 

• 

•  CO     • 

Pi 

.        rH 

• 

•  rH 

o> 

a> 

.  a   . 

t— 1 

rH 

2 

.  a   . 

0 

OS 

r-i 

o 
O 

•   CO       • 

rH 

rn 

•    o     • 

■3 

a 

.     Ph      . 

r=H 

rt'S 

rH 

o 

L909), 
cholar 
s  .    . 

CO     +3 

HP 

1 

02 

ology  (] 

Gift  for  S 

Student 

131 


-  oo 

^~N    b- 

CO     00 

^  o 


rSO 

a  j 

rH        O 

O    rH 
«H      eg 

rcj  pq 

3  t5 

a  a 

^  "£  s: 


rM 

.    o 
o 

•  PQ 

•  u 
o 

.     "HH 
.      <*> 

a 

•  o 
o 


00 


^.rH0 

o  £ 
PQ  pq 


|£ 


00  <M 


»-l    ■«*    t> 


iH  «5  Tf 

Ol  N  QO 

■^  Oi  o> 

■<*  cq  co 

O  o  « 

lO  rH 


<M  OS 

Hj  CO 

CO  Hi 

00  lO 

«_  I-t 

c*f  © 


-*  co 
o  oo 

O  <M 


CO  OS 

°  i 

t-  o 


HH     »« 


00 
00 

CNJ 

00 

o 


JO  i— I  OS 
t-  OS  o 

OS  CO  i— I 


-JH  b-  CO  oj  CO 

CO  CO  ^  00  °o 

1(5  CD  H  lO  N 

O  CO  ©  o  *>• 

<*  H  l>  l>  M 


H 

•    Cl3     <a     J     °° 

^    O    o     .    o 

WOP 


(N    OS 

cq   co 

O     rH 


O  00 
O  00 
<N    iO 


o    "* 

CO     "* 


QJ  U  O 

^  o  ^ 

<D  rH  CD 

"S  ^  +5 

hH  <-?  rH 


(M 

»o 

co 

00 

CO 

»o 

00 
fc- 

CN 

CO 
00 

CO 
CO 

o 

00 
CM 

OS 

o 

r-t 

H- 
O 

»o 

»o 

i— i 

00 
CM. 

co 

CO 
lO 

<* 

I— 1 

OS  b- 

o  «* 

OS  <M 

CO  lO 


^roq  co 

gOi    as' 
.gnr-H     co 


>    >s 


«3 


c3  O 

t  B 

bD  i-h 

o  ,d 


©    . 
03 

1-9     * 

S  co 


a 


w   w        cq   co 

©     N  00     CO 

rH      O  b-     © 


OS  OS 

C^  00 

©  © 

CO  rH 


CO     -*  t- 

©  os  © 

OS     b-  t- 

O    co  fc" 

os^  t-  c^ 

of  oT  -* 

rH  OS 


bD  £?  ^ 

f  I- 

o  ^  C/ 

U    08    © 

.  w  3 
°^ 

n-l    ©    d 

2  o  O 

-a  2  ^ 


.        © 

13 

.     or* 

CO 

-  M 

o       •» 

^H         CJO 

co    el 


c3  o 
PR  os 


58  !^ 


si 
2* 

I| 

o   © 


co  ^ 

r-T    <© 
CO 


.       rH 

o 

•  * 

.     A 

rH 

.    03 


CO    ©   5   oo 
©    ©    o    e3 


132 


CO 

tH 

<Ji 

O   • 

OS 

-* 

^r 

"^ 

>* 

CO   . 

CM 

co  ; 

ee 

CO 

CO 

CO 

o 

00 

I— 1 

«o 

CM 

r-t 

"* 

^tl 

t^ 

OS 

jo 

00 

o 

•H 

CO 

ws 

JO 

CO 

>o 

l~ 

r- < 

»-H 

I— ( 

CM 

CO 

o 

l> 

>* 

o 

jo 

o 

cm 

»o 

id 

co 

CO 

^* 

CO 

CO 

OS 

jo 

OS 

o 

-* 

CM 

o 

CM 

co 

o 

CO 

os 

-+l 

CM 

CM 

>n 

US 

o 

lO 

CO 

o 

JO 

CM 

CN 

o 

o 

1— 1 

jo 

CO 

CO 

o 

CM 

CO 

JO 

CO 

CO 

os 
©* 

CO 
CO 

o 

co 

CM 

3 

oo 

co  co  o 

CO  t-  CO 

cm    co 


CO  <m 


CO  O  OS 
JO  JO  OS 


o  - 

O  " 

3  " 


CM  O 


•  a 

.  o 


.  O 


CO  .-H 
CO  O 
O  r-i 


«*  CO  t~ 
CO  CM  o 

CO  CO 


NHCOCJOO^'-jroWKHlOO 
iO©o6os-*'5!'*CMlJ?.Cs*t^OO"* 

NHioM'*HHHqe:  io 

OS     i-l 
CO 


E  -     a 

5  -   a 


cm 


CO    "5 

os  co 

N    l>    CO 

OS     00    OS 

CO_H    N 

e*T  co" 


•   t3 
.   ^ 

.  a 

o 


S      -as 


p 


ft 

-  '  a  '  ' 

.     .    o  •      •     • 

t-,  -M 

«H  •     oo 

•  CD 

H  «3     d 


<w>      CD 

'6  3 


jo        co 

CO  CO 

co         co 


os   co  w  t^  o 

JO     CO  O  JO     rH 

CN    o  >o  os"    CO 

00    im  1(5  O    H 

CM_    JO  ""^  rH     -* 

"5    CO  ©  o" 


U5    t- 

00    i>- 

">*    CM 


H     00     ■* 
O    CM     b- 

»o  o  o 
o 


o     • 

k  • 

U     ' 

■a : 

o 

|: 

W  co 

H  OS 

o  ^ 


o 

'Is 

^s  t2   d 
jo  ^    a* 

rH    s.    ft 

a  ^«h 

ft  ^  * 

CD     CD     © 

o  §  » 


"S    ©  © 

rt    ©  O 

P*  -H  'iH 

»    !h  ^ 

A  Pi  Ph 


£  > 

o   © 

*-l        © 

S  t    » 
S    d    o 

a    "    I 
©  r3 

2,25  -s 

rK  -in     d 

•I  &5 


CU 


o    &    5^    * 


cp 


2  S       * 

03  O  L-i 

d  ©  H 


o  0 


S  W 

CD     O 


W 


00 


CO 

© 

w  £  til 

a  a  8  . 

©     ©     P   lJ 

>    >s  >»S 

CD      CD     CD        . 

133 


© 

00      Q 


h    © 
g  ©   ho 

13  B  S 

o  o  © 
WW0 


OS 
OS 

bD  ^ 

IS 

^^ 
©  ^ 

/-N    CD     d 
JO    b-l    'H 

lis 


45 

t^ 

e 

CO 

■K> 

tH 

£s 

jo 

OS 

CO 

CO 

CM 

M 

m 

~C^ 

o 

*1 

-*1 

lO 

tH 

•SCO 

CO~ 

ft*  « 

OS 

6Q 


5> 

8 

&H 


OS     t- 

CO     OS 
CO    <M 


00     O 

oo   >o 

CM    i*5 


rH 

H-l 

1^ 

^ 

OS 

CO 

CM 

co   oo 

l-H 

-* 

-* 

i— 1 

o 

1—1 

CO 

co 

OS 

CO 

CO   r-t 

t^ 

CO 

t^ 

co 

lO 

iO 

00 

00 

JO 

oo 

CO 

o 

oo 

-*  -*t< 

CO 

-* 

CO 

OS 

oo 

IT. 

-* 

CO 

o 

tH    r- 

-* 

os 

CO 

in 

to 

00 

"*■ 

CM 

o 

CN 

1— 

O    C 

i^ 

>o> 

OS 

I— 

cc 

CM 

1— 

O 

CC 

o 

lO    o 

t^ 

r^ 

id 

»o 

CO 

1-1 

CM 

CO 

o 

CO 

co 

r-l 
€©= 

o 

CM 

OS 

o 

CO 

>^ 

t~ 

rH 

o 

O    CO 

rH 

tr- 

rH 

OS 

t- 

CO 

TtH 

CM 

-* 

lO 

<JJ 

O    CO 

l—l 

ee 

t> 

CI 

CD 

iH 

CO 

cm 

CO 

fc- 

or 

CC 

CO     i— 1 

CM 

■«* 

CM 

co 

CC 

o 

OS 

lO 

oc 

<—) 

(_> 

l» 

T— 1 

©. 

»« 

CO 

lO 

tH 

CN 

lO 

CN 

CO 

1-1 

co 

GO 

«o 

K 

o 

CM 

-<* 

CM 

iH 

■>* 

rH 

1— 1 

1—1 

CO 

HH 

CO 

CO 

GO 

OS 

CO 

OS 

CO 

CM 

m 

CO    OS    -HH    b- 
O    O    IQ    O 

CM    GO    CO    i-l 


00    O0 
O    cs 

co 


O  CO  CO  CO     i-H 

O  CO  h  os   to 

d  d  »-<  cm' 

O  iO  OS  N 

O  **  tH 


rH  t~- 


CM  rH  CO 

CO  ©  CM 

co  >o>  co 

CO  CO  co 
CO 


u    - 

r 


O    a* 


CM  tH  CO 

o  »  x 

-*  d  oo 

co  ■*  »o 


o  co  os  co 

p  »o  os  CM 

CO  -*  CM  t^ 

t-  rH  CM  O 

t-  »o  i— i  %a 


°>  CO  2 
CO  ^  rH 
O    <N    CO 


bO  co 

r£     rH 

© 

rH      O 

s  * 

M    hi 


©     O 


©    3      - 

05  O) 

hi       *       C 

•    S    re 

°,g  § 

o   d  & 

r-l       g       O 

o  £<    ° 

06  PQ 
0 


O      rH 


°  & 
hi  s 

Is 

02     P    OS    4^ 

134 


•  a 


O    \-4 

r^       CM 

Qi     OS 
rH       « 

s  © 

H    -rH 

is 
s  © 

^! 

H  0 


-*    CM    fc- 

C3     CO     N 
O     CO    iH 


rH  CO  CM 

t^  »o  p 

io  co  >o 

JO  O  rH 

CM  CM  CO 


CO    o 
t~   co 

CO     00 


03 

'rH 

o 

B 
© 

c3 

-I 

O     O   pL| 

faD  bD 

oa   a   „ 

00.2 


r7    2 

JT    OS 

O     rH 
Q    ^ 


i— I      CT1 

^       rS 

© 
©         © 

©    Ph 

.u  © 

H    co 
.  i— i 

Is 

°1 


CO   10 


O  »-~  CO  CN  to  t^ 

O  OS  CO  OS  00  o 

d  O  OO  to  <*  N 

CN  ?— I  CD  CO  <N  h- 

H  N  Ol  «  QO  « 

W  d"  «  H  CO"  H 

cn  10  o 

CO 


O  O  CO 

OS  <M  CD 

^K  rH  o 

»0  <M  .-I 


e<j  »o    1-1 


^  H  N  <e  00  M  t» 
OJ  N  O  O  rj  W  CO 


O  00 
O  *D 

iON05>O(D'6'*dH 

WH«iB3^05HolXl 

i-H  H     CO     ^     ©     «     ifl     » 

rH  ,-T  C<f   <N 


b-  K5    H 


lO     19  H  H  <*  1(5 

M    ffl    N  «  N  »  q 

rl     fli     «  (J)  H  6  00 

<M    b-    CO  <M  O  OS  O* 

<N    in    »0  -^  <M  CO  CO 

of 


CO  © 

CO  IQ 

eo  cd 

©4  <m 

r"i  *° 

of 


is----„^--.«      - 


t-  <M  OS  co  ^h 

N  if)  W  ^  0j 

>f3  H  H|  «o  N 

£;  r-1  58  ^-  w  -1 

N  N  M  N  H    M 


»    N    Q0 
t-    CO     CN 


>*    0? 


o  io 

O    CD 
CM 


CD    <M    O    O    CO    OS    SO 

co  co   t~   os   co   to   »o 

H    H    >0    O    «  CO 


(N    CO 


■    2    -      - 
0)    -     - 


«5N(OHo>oSoHN^ 

oocotoodoocioot^cDoJ 

©0<— '"^CNb-coO©© 

„  ^  Nr   H    °    ®    'l   °P   N 

io"cotsricTi--rco,-^<^'-^ 

<N  W5    © 

CO 


H        3 


*o 


5     M     lO  H  (>  Ol 

^r    iO    O  IO  00  ^H 

-*_    "^    l&     t~  CM  <N  rH 

CO*  «<f  o"  CO  ioT  r-T  <N 

i-H     CO  i-H 


■c 

o 

a 

CD 

3 
•S  ^ 

OS 
rH 

■IS     * 

2     O     CD 

3  $£ 

J  M  GO 


co  42 

K5     02 

m 


OS     ^      fn 

o   ^    o 

OS     OS    ch 


03 


©  m 


CO 


00 


>s 

P  ©  v- 

•S  ^  ^ 

i-H  ©  > 

m  iti  m 


o 

00 

9 

bJD 

o 

0 

0> 

+J 

!h 

A 

© 

08 

,a 

rd 

o 

02 

rt 

02 

fl  © 

©  H 

Ph  pi 
©  3 

§3 

<j  o 


rSS 


©  <£ 

Ph  O 

O  ° 

©  W 


OS      © 

©   JD 

02 
135 


'3      - 


-5  *H 

*S  § 

■S  I 

p  d 

GG  DO 


Eh 
d 
o 

02    m 
©    S 


O      4.  - 

r-i      (a    ,-> 

C?    ^     °° 
^°      C^   OO 

<D     i-H 
pq    ^ 

03    Cj     CO 

w  £-■   o 

^?s^ 

PI      03    -rj 

fl  2  a 


*>    CM 

lO    co 

CO 


»0    CN 

CN    io 


P3 

O 
O 

PP 

co 
© 

En 

>s 

© 

> 

03 


•  'o 
on     co 


g  ^: 
'Si  2 

OS 


O 


© 

©    u 
fi   «    - 

°  d  "S 

5§ 


CM 


42    w 

CO 

CM 

4:  s  3 


Bq 


.& 


^ 


is 
•I- 


CO 

00 

so 

co 

O 

^-1 

CD 

O 

CM 

o 

b- 

co 

rH 

o 

"* 

«5 

CO 

I— 1 

© 

© 

«* 

CO 

CO 

b- 

oi 

GO 

cc 

t^ 

CO 

c^ 

t^ 

© 

t> 

^H 

00 

eo 

co 

t~ 

o 

CO 

■^H 

rH 

lO 

o 

*c 

CO 

OS 

co 

■* 

CM 

CO 

Hj 

tJH 

o 

*c 

CO 

«s 

i-l 

>o 

»o 

CO 

o 

© 

I"H 

o 

"•* 

I-l 

o 
© 

as 
t- 

CM 

o 

o 

p 

CM 

OS 

u 
O 

co 
cc 

oc 
cc 

CO 

co 

co 

OC 

o 
c 

CM    CM 

cm    CO 

oc 
I— 1 

CO 

§ 

co 
5 

o 

oc 

c 

o 

cc 

.  o 
c 

CM     CM 

co  »o 
b-   c 

OS 

oc 

o: 

CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

»o 

CO 

i— i 

<N 

i-t 

3*^ 


o  «•  - 

pq 

•&  ^  - 

t^    O  i-l  <M 

•^  o  is  p 

^4H      O  1©  t— 

h  o  »2 

#   CO  00  N 


©    - 

o   - 
PQ 


^OoONojOiOO) 

cMpcopco©©^ 

(0^000^00'* 
i-H     »>     1Q     i— I  ^     CN     r-l 

i-T  lO    CM 


CO     b- 

OS    O 
<M     O 


1 8 


Ph      * 

O  J3 


•*     -u    a>    cu    cu 

■•S        C        ™     "iH 

Oh33^ 


Ph 
CO 


o  o  o  o 

p  ©  CO  p 

M  6  6  K3 

t-  O  »H  b- 

co 


•    •  .& 

•  CJ 

.    to  H 

g  >H 


3 


O      OS 

us    a> 

OS       b- 

O0      CO 

co    cm 

CO 
00 
CO 


l  4 


Ml 

r*4 

p 

O 

o 

o 

.P 

PQ 

3 

S-c 

o 

P 

0) 

o 

n 

ti 

o 

O 

a 
P 

°  2 

CO  ^ 

1>I  I-l 

os  «© 

o  eo_ 

of  © 


°    •  c 


"*    CM    o    o 

IC     CO     O     00 
lO     CO     O     CO 


o 

•    P 
eg 


"*        .    ^5 


^ 


•> 


O  oo 

O-PM 


?l 


*     S 

GO 

St  §£  * 


*    -    n 
o 


•  h5 


ce   o  "2 
•  •*  P^    § 

136 


p      00 

O      ^H 


o 

eg 


w 


?.a  ^  p. 


p 
-•a 

bPn 


h5  «« 

b 


s  • 

Pi       . 

'I  • 


o 


\ 


CO 

CO 

o 

<>; 

l>- 

o 

CO 

>o 

oi 

o 

o 

tH 

b- 

00 

O 

o" 

(M 

o 

tH 

o 

<M 

CO 

00 

MS 

O} 

oq 

© 

t>- 

o 

t> 

CD 

oi 

co 

I— 1 

,__} 

O 

rH 

CO 

<M 

oo 

OS 

o 

IC 

fr- 

CO 

MS 

o 

eo        r-i        t«. 


8 


co  co 

CO  CO 

>o  o 

•hI  oT 


M>  § 

OS  o 

<N  o 

-*  © 


^  H  d 


hi 

O 

O 

W 

o 
co 

O 

i— i 

o 


O  si   •  CO 

M 

w  co  - 

o 
CO 

- 

ap.  L 
oil.  S 
r.  Bui 

ngin. 

6  .s 

i-5  Si  - 

~ 

O  O  O  P3 

W.H 

CO  «>• 

<M  t~ 

o 

OS 

o 

cq 

00  i-J 

MS  CO 

© 

CO 

cq 

l> 

t>!  «5 

CO  U0 

© 

-* 

1>1 

"* 

00  00 

p  iO 

o 

o 

CO 

OS 

N  ** 

N  to 

<M 

<M 

». 

© 

o 

© 
p 

o 

p 

o  • 

p  • 

© 

o 

© 

o 

MS 

MS 

o"   " 
o 

T-l 

~ 

o 
CO 

CO 


ei  on 

o  g 

+=>  a? 

«H  +? 


CD  j. 


•41  b- 
O  <M 


•  *3 

© 


O 


a 

o 
>s 

M 
o 

H 

! 


MS    <M 
O    «* 

CO     rH 


gm 


CD      rj 
CD     C- 

0 
"§>  co" 

OS      Ph 

>      "2 


So  n 

|    2 


4 


o 
o 
W 
o 

co 

b 

g 
S 

i— i 
b 


fel 


~0    io 

§8  g 


O    0    CO 


CO 


9   ©      , 

O    o    b- 
52    C9 


•    o 


**    2    « 

S  5  "S 

O    O    M 


o  o 

O    K5 
CO 


o 

co  PQ 


2  ° 
q  o 


O  H 


■5b 
o 

"3 


CO 

■  1 

b 


P-(      CO 

■§  * 

o 

O    t3 

I  £ 

co  3 


• 

H3 

^ 

«H 

c3 

• 

CD 

i— i 

l=M 

Pi 
Q 

^3 

G> 

GQ 

Fh 

& 

b 

O 

o 

co 

■c 

fc 

rH     O 

o  o 
o  o 


t-  o 

b-    ift 

co   co 


o  o 

O    iO 

o    t- 


fc    b 


O    <M    *& 

o  «*  <m 
o  io  co 


a 
p 

«! 

CO 
CO 

co 
P 

PQ 

O 

^ 
O 
O 

W 
o 

CO 

H 

<l 

P 

Pw 
O 


co  b         CO   3    O 


o 


us 


O  oo^OOioOOOiO 

rH   ©  oqqqcocTS'-Hq 

co  o  e^fMioOt^'-'OO 

N    W5  ^H-*<MOb,CNt-0 

cot-  co»oco^q  ^  «o 

t-.CC  t—  rH     XQ  rH 


•     «     to 

£  £   ^ 

535 


rH  o 
t-  o 

CO    o 


OO  CO 
O  rH 
rH    O 


h?  b 


UO 


-   © 


©    N 

>    r-i 

o  C 
O  bo 

o    § 
^  PQ 

00    cm 

bD 
o 
O 


o 

3 


iO  ta 

rH  0» 

2  o 

O    r-H  " 


W 


H 


.2  S 
3-3 

pq  W 


EC     CO 
Q    <D 

1-3   h> 


.     O 

.  s 
-  a 

2    ^   *     © 
H   P   O 


■73 


138 


o 

© 

o 

© 

lO 

esT 

<M 

CO 

T— 1 

N 

cq 

€& 

Ph 

O 

00 

• 

CO 

• 

U5 

'. 

CO 

OS 

• 

»o 

H 

s 

cL, 

OQ 

00 

0 

pq 

^ 

o 

O 

o 

o 

o 

»>I 

d 

■^H 

o 

*~i 

Ui 

t~  o 

o 

i— 1  CO 

o 

cq  d 

1Q 

00 

05 

»o  o 

CO     OS 


O*  rH 


cN    o 


Ul    P-l 


Ph 

m 


">* 

co  co 

© 

00  -*      • 

os 

A   co     '. 

CO 

r>  co 

-* 

CO 

co 

-* 

o 
o 

.  o 

© 

o 
© 

©   ! 

lO 

co 

d 

rH 

CN 

rH 

a 

.2   & 

03     co 

a  « 


2   p 


•H      0> 
CO       U 

!3     d 


a  T3 

o  d 

•43  d 

&  n 

03  +3 

Cp  03 


d  d  S 

O  O  03 

tl  -S  '■§  8 

i  *■  . 

^  S2  n  w 

a>  <fl  cp  ^ 

co  tn 

"  cp  "  cp 

CO  I— H  GO  o 

a>  cp  cp  2 

.a  p  .s  5 

§  cp  g 

*H  QD  *S  S 

O  p_)  O  0) 

03  -m  03 

a>  a>  cp 

m  pq 


■§1 


d 
03   p 


o 
o   OS 

rH     N 


.  o 
•  © 

CN 

I  :i 

a>    5    ^ 
03     _     co 

"      rd        OJ 
CO        °      P3 


•  CO  d 

r*l  03 

•  O  * 

o  fn 

O         *"<  03 

■J  £  w 


O      O 
CO       rH 


d 

PQ  00 

«H  O 

O  O 

_  C5 


l-^       CO 

cc     d 

PQ 


i-i   2 

pq 

139 


*  Ph     . 

d    O   o 
bo 

rH 

o 
-    o 
M0 


_,    be 

-  8  .9 

0    n    d 

•§■?  ! 

fa s 


M 


bfl 


r^     r^ 

•3? 


03  -«q 

hi  § 


_»     M     co 

o|-g 

®      rH       ° 

&d  S  pq 

o 


«H      O 


«     *0     JH     JH 


o  'd 

b  b 


2   h 


o  o 


«  1 


CO 


to 

SCO 


rH 

o 

CD 

O 

lO 

CO 

CO 

t-1 

00 

<M 

QO 

t^ 

M  ?> 


H 

« 

H 

CO 

i— i 

s 

ft 

CO 
CO 

CO 

t> 

PQ 

Ph 
O 

O 

o 
w 

o 

CO 

Ph 
H 
«4 

I 


Ph 

CO 


O 


(M 

o 

CO 

"* 

"* 

CO 

CO 

CO 

cq 

-* 

.—1 

t~ 

<x> 

«* 

iO    o 

iO    o 

CD 


.  o 

cq 

•  ^ 

HH 

!  t^ 

co 

.  <m 

"* 

.    CD 

;  -* 

O  O  m  o 


S    M 


"2  ^ 


CD 


^^    so 

s  S3. 


•  a 

.  o> 

-  3 

£  Ph 

°  I 

OJD  O 

5  '■£ 

P  <p 

IP  o 

Ph  q 


O  O 


'  Ph 


r^      .   «h 


o    o 
o    o 

Ph  Ph 


<nh  -P 

rH      © 

9    £ 

ft 


CO 


MH 


PQ   cp  c3 

ft ' §  6 

fi    CO  =H 

o  b 


ti 


H     00 
1-3   "^ 


140 


CD 

^  ©  © 
eq  ©   © 

© 

©^ 

t^  ©  © 
o  o  o 
oo  ©^  ©^ 

hh  i*T  ©*" 

S  N  (O 
OS 

2  ° 

2     « 


rH     O     O 

IO    iO    ■* 

■*    CO     (M 


Ph"  O 


Ph 

di 

c^ 

O 

CO 

"eS 

O 

,p 

CO 

CO 

o 

ft 

< 

" 

<1 

00    o 

OS 

Hh 

CD     O 

CTi 

»o    00 

OS 

ft 

co  cq 

CO 

fc 

rH 

CO 

«H 

1— 1 

iO 

9 

Ph 

^d 

• 

H 
O 

*    'e3 
.     Ph 

■s  M 

rH          R 

+3 

3 

03      c3 
M    M 

O 

Ph 

CD 

fc- 

«! 

CO 

00 

CD 

CO 

Ph 

OS 

O 

rH 

crT 

cq 

CD 

CO 

€©= 

ca 

rH 

O 

O 

• 

• 

W 

„ 

. 

D 

CO 

CO 

s-> 

Ph 


cfl  P^     • 

rH     ^  ^^      - 

%      ft  rH      CO 

^      rfl  6      rC 

-5  2^ 


o  o 

CO     (M 


o  o 

q  q 

d  d 

o  o 

o  o 


2        os 

rH  ^ 


a 

S 

e8 

o 

h 

« 

© 

pi 

u 

CD 

o 

CQ 

> 

i— 1 

o 

o 

« 

Jzi 

iQ 

pj 

OS 

C6 

00 

+J 

rH 

00 

v ' 

a 

A 

o 

o 
o 

i 

09 

<j  o 

N    O    O 

o   o   © 


CO    O    ©    O    CO 

cm   ©  ©  ©  »o 

t>l©ioiooioosdcot^ 

SO«HOt>«THOON 
CO    O    'O    r- I    ©    CM    CO    OS    US     rH 

H  t>"     H  H  Uj"  ,    -^t^C^ 
t~  1-H  »H          CO 


lO  O  b-  HH  O 

OS  O  CO  r-(  O 


<*  w  o 

^  o  »o 

iO  l>  o 

urf  oo"  i-T 

CM  »0 


Ph 


«  °  s 

o  o« 

©  ©  *o 

rH  ©  « 

t~  © 

rH  «T 


o 

on 

00 

o 

-* 

"* 

OS 

»^ 

o 

OS 

os 

CD 

r^ 

CM 

so 

K5 

CM 

CM 

rH 

t- 

h- 

CD 

US 

on 

OS 

00 

O 

CM 

CO 

rH 

s 

CM 

CO 

• 

2 

- 

- 

- 

- 

• 

= 

• 

• 

• 

O 

► 

Is 

6 

- 

r«5 

- 

6 

• 

h! 

v. 

^ 

„ 

„ 

— 

», 

„ 

v. 

«» 

v. 

^ 

O 

A 

"* 

** 

"* 

■* 

"* 

** 

" 

*• 

"• 

"* 

** 

O 

W 

CO 

o 

us 

I— 1 

O 

W5 

o 

-* 

rH 

O 

oo 

CO 

o 

• 

o 

»o 

o 

CO 

CM 

o 

CO 

iQ 

CO 

o 

CO 

OS 

t~ 

. 

OS 

o 

00 

00 

o 

-* 

-* 

OS 

1^ 

o 

OS 

OS 

CO 

r^ 

1— 1 

CM 

CD 

iO 

CM 

CM 

i—! 

h- 

t^ 

CO 

1Q 

>H 

00 

OS 

co 

CM 

©_ 

rH 

CM 

CO 

1—1 

, 

H 

CO 

CM 

I— 1 

CO 

-e   P 


<D 

** 

- 

- 

45 

M 

c 

1=1 
t— 1 

t~ 

OS 

oo 

OS 

CM 

CO 

OS 

CO 

,_, 

o 

>o 

1^ 

OS 

tH 

IO 

CD 

»> 

us 

CO 

rH 

t^ 

rH 

1-H 

CO 

. 

i 

• 

1 

. 

o 

CO 

: 

o 

0) 

'o 

. 

. 

rQ 
O 

P5 

r^ 

rd 

<u 

. 

a 

r^ 

"5 

1  - 

os 

os 

00 

0 

© 

bJO 

• 

bo 

.9 

F3 

ft 
ft 

a 

• 

Si 

rH 

' 

13 

© 

<1 

m 

H 

1=1 

b 

o 

+3 
o 

•iH 

• 

bo 

IS!  s 

CD 

o 

C75 

H 

W 

s 

08 

02 

*^ 

GO 

*" 

o 

O 
PI 
(fl 

00 
OS 

oo 

© 
l-H 

us 

I— 1 

OS 
rH 

O      r- 

43  H 

;     o 

3 

CO 

Jh 

^-^ 

rd 

"W 

b  Ha 

Pki 

O 

O 

'us  o 

OS  O 


CO 


CO  o  ©  ©  CO 

cm  ©  ©  ©.  "*■  ,.   . 

l>0>OU5'di05JhMSO^MO 
t^OCMrHOt^COCOCOt^O^OJO 
(8    O    IO    H    O    N    CO    C    lfi    H    O    »    t«    O 

i-T^  ,-h"    rH     US~  ^    t^    CM     uf   *C~    00     rH 

t~    rH  rH  CO  CM     >0 


CM    O    O 
O    O    O 


So 


OH 

141 


s  - 

^     r-l 
r-l      © 

P    •* 

>S    C3 

<i  n 

|      ft 

C3    ® 


2  os 
S   oo 


rQy    rH 

^^  Sh 

to  3 
§w 

■P  o 
2  o 

-I 


.&£  5s 

^»2 


I* 


5  o 

2    so 


P      2    rS 

P-i  o 


>s  c3 
©    pi 


ft  d 

ft  03 
03    d 

o 
O 

d 

•|H 

I 

pq 


00 

o 

00 

r-l 
© 

.'& 

«tH 

o 

d 

CD 

Ph 

& 

e3 

* 

o> 

rd 

rH 

&D 

H 

d 

03 

© 
4-S 

3 

rH 

© 

su 

r^ 

flfc^ 

^ 

o 

CO 

■1 

»o 

<3 

«* 

5*1 

b- 

M 

<S» 

.<*! 

** 

-* 

b-    CO 

CO   o   o  o 

O 

CO 

CO    "* 

b-    O    O    CO 

i— < 

^ 

O    CO 

OS    o    o    b- 

CO 

H 

<M    O 

CO     O     »0     *- 1 

S^ 

°i. 

OS 

CD     O^ 

CO   o   o^  io^ 

•|co 

r-T 

co  co 

C<T  icT  r4*  -*l 

£s 

"* 

lO                    CO 

o* 

i-l 

< 

o 

OS 

o 

1—1 

b- 

o 

CO 

o 

co 

co 

d 

** 

© 

»o 

b^ 

o 

CO 

»o 

b- 

© 

o 

o 

co 

o 

OS 

I— 1 

CO 

iO 

I-l 

1— 1 

<M 

4  ; 


L> 

* 

•  o 

OS         .    -* 
4©=       .    CO 


co 


.a 


OS 

i—l 

CO 

CO 

C5 

en 

CO 
CO 

CO 

tH 

b- 

o 

o 

b- 

co 

i£i 

q 

b- 

OS 

CO 

iSi 

d 

d 

CO 

oq 

b- 

t- 

o 

CO 

r-i 

cd 

<M 

CO 

■<* 

»o 

1-1 

Is 

CO 

H 

- 

• 

ci 

d 

- 

la 

CO 

■— ] 

> 

„ 

o 
O 

5 

i— i 

o 

o 

b- 

C<1 

q 

b; 

os 

"* 

d 

d 

CO 

O 

t— 

iO 

CD 

CO 

CKI 

GO 

o   »o    co   t* 

■*     03    W    (O 
1Q    -*  CO 


o  -  - 


co 


o 
o 

os 

OS 

O 

co 

CO 

i—i 

CD 

d 

lO 

os 

d 

rj5 

CO 

co 

d 
b- 

co 

d 

CO 

"3 


hi  hi  w 


©    ©    © 

o  q  o 

odd 
©  ©  © 

o  o  © 

rH    rH    O 


o 

o 

o 

rH 

o 

rH 

o 

© 

o 

CO 

CM 

Wi 

o 

o 

o 

t^ 

CO 

CO 

o 

10 

o 

co 

CO 

o 

CM 

i-H 

»o 

o 

CO 

o 

«5 

CM 

CO 

>-H 

»* 

CO 

2    «    «5    ®    H    05    od    WS    {fl    ,a 

"    N.  t  1   H    N    «    O    ®    H 

§3  «*  co  co  »o  co"  co  **        ,4~ 


o  ©  o  »o 

0«5    <*    O 


©    ©    © 

9  ©  © 

S   "*    ©  ©    co    co    co  «o 

*"     U5     ^H  COOOrHCO  *0 

«5  H     N     H     O 


CM 


s  © 

©  O 

8  © 

©  o 


CO 


•  CM    CO  © 

•  CO     CO  © 

.'  d  ■«*  © 

.    C5     W3  O 

iH  © 


, 


©  ©  © 

©  ©  © 

th*  -*'  d 

io  u  -* 


*• 

"" 

" 

H 

*■ 

2 

- 

3 

"3 

d 

ft 

02 

© 

© 

© 
lO 

© 

© 

IO  © 

©  © 

»o 

CM 

© 

CO 

i-H 

CO 
CO 
CM 

CO 
rH 
i— 1 

CO 
CO 

io 

CO  © 

»o  © 

»o 

© 

ft    ffl 


CM 


co 


CO    io 


.    co   co 

CM    ^    CO 


m 


O     IO     Mj     05 
«    QO    o    o» 

S  S  S  S  a"  §  S  S 


^H     CO     d     CO     £|     rl 


CO    CO    CM 


C  iJ     ID 


©    OS 
CM     CM 


©  ©  ©  o    ©    ©    ** 

°.  °.  ©  ©  ©  ©  co 

°  g  d  ©  ©  ©  t^l        coco 

2  g  o  ©»ooco         co   io 

©.  ©  ©  OCMr-lO             ©     »>- 


rQ     00 

«S 

rH      CD 
©     02 

M  3 

fc  PI 


©  rC  . 

os    a> 

^  • 

rH       O        . 

O    O  £> 

Sis 


|  a  S 

I  fl-8 

H      O     « 

eg" 


13    O  P 


CO     i-H 
I-H     ^— ' 

^  ft 


a) 
&    . 


£° 
rH     rH 

-^     rH 
+3      Pi 

PI      0. 


Mas    o 

fj   ©    «H 

d  v_^  4h 


ft" 

w   CD 

eg 

s2 

CD     c3 

ft  .2 

M   5c 

0)    o 

II 


O 


»«t^lOI>COQ0CO00r-(lS 

co   m   rS   2*  «   ■>   «   »o   «a   © 

»     •  °      «  ®  w   °1  °°  X  ^H 
w   ^    co"  co    uT  co"  co"  co"         r-+ 


143 


02 

CD 

■a  ■ 

rd 

O 


Kd    © 
r?    CM 


3  rn  a  g 


CO  « 

00        ^   °° 

-.    „   ^o?w 

M  1 

t*  u  s  H  fa 

s  a  s?  g  a 


-   CX,     '^ 

00    'in    V    W 

co  ^c 

rH     r-H         , 
i-H     ^^/  r—i      l. 

03    >h    "3     Xs 

■?  ©  M  ft 


fcl 


rH   O 

10  o 


b-  16 

-*  CO 

co  co 


4©-  *-• 


O  CO 


o 

00 

CO 

CO 

co 

CO 
CO 

CO 

as 

CO 

o 

CO 

CO 

rH 

CO 

-<* 

CO 

Ir- 
as 

os 

00 

o 

OS 
CO 

i-i 

i—f 

o 
b- 

co 

as 

CO 

lO 
CO 

co 

HO 
© 

co 

o 
co 

CO 

rH 

as 
as 

o 

o 
CO 

b- 
CO 

CO 

CO 

b- 

o 

00 

co 

as 

6  m- 

"5  io  ^  o 
-1  »>  «  q 
co 


"T1  lO 


co  co 


o  o 

CD  i-l 


co  co  co  io  co 

b-  t^  CO  co  o 

O  H  M  t"  i() 

b-  CO  CO  CO  © 

b-  -^  CO  lO 

lO  IO  CO  rH 


•W.J. 

O     ft    d       •    'cS 

s-  8  -  -  - 


■hh    co    b- 

O    CO    N 
CO     CO 


i«  CO  rH 

ITS  »0  "* 

i©  CO  © 

as  oo  »o 

t-  as  "* 


o«o 

o  b-  q 

©  as  o 

o«» 

H     H     O^ 
rH     >«    r4" 


O 


lO 

Iffl 

CO 

i-H 

CO 

as 

as 

00 
00 

as 

o 
1© 

CO 

x* 

CO 
Ir- 

o 
o 

© 

© 

lO 
CO 

as 
CO 

o 

CO 

© 

CO 
CO 
CO 

oo 
rH 

c3     co 

Q    2 


03     co 


o 


"i   §     oo 
S     CO 


O  CO 

■h  as 

r£  iH 

CJD  ^ 

I  1 


S8 

H     « 


.     CO      fl 

•  2    « 

•  "W 

.  +=> 

OQ 

<u    C8 
a<    CQ 

•  PQ  So 

•  *  5 

os  as 


rj-j    CO 
OS 


CO     CO     * 
O    CO    00 


CO     rH 
"*     rH 


3  °o 

b- 

co 


CO     CO     rH 

©     CO     CO 

»o  »o  o 

CO    o    -* 

co   co^  co_ 

t-T  co   co 


co  b- 

CO  OS 

CO  OS 

CO  OS 


rH  Ph 

-    ©    US   ° 

co    f3    <D    ^ 

2  a  g  J 


as     •   43 

i—(  as 

*       -1 

Ph    ° 

1 1 
1 1 

fi  s  ; 
©  © 

m  PQ 

144 


lr-     a) 

00       ^ 

I— I     ^ 

ft  pq 

II 

co      H 
02    ^ 

OQ 

c3 

CQ     © 

©  s 
pq  <3 


3 


/-N    00 

as  t-    tj 

CO      rH       C 
00     v-^ 

rS  p, 


■a  s &i^  -s 

co   o       rr    f-i 
.   ^h    co       os   0 

.     co      CP     jr*  v_ -    gjj 
OQ     «H      ©      _       © 

.      CP      O    I— I     ft   «H 

O    ftj    .in    -9      -• 

-    r*  5    ?    nl 

°    ©    c3    ,*  z2   ^3 

*  a ^2I ® 


O      03 

_  eH  fe- 
*  °  I 
03      J?rH 

ro     03 


P         S      r2 


be 


O    O 


(M     O     rH     O 

<*  o  <n  o 

<M    O    O    O 


S  t  "* 


o 

"* 

CO 

■«*l 

«o 

oo 

tN 

1C 

JO  ©   CO    ©   o 

«5    O    ,-H    O    O 

t^    ©    OS    ©    © 

CO    GO    CO    O    So 

W     O     1Q     ^ 

*  r-T  e«r  «T 

M   -     -     -     ^ 

W" ■    "    -"   - 

©*«*'„...-., 
co  -     -     -     - 

M 

o 
o 

co 
»o 

o  <n     .     . 

o   o      •      . 

o 
»o 

OS 
CO 

>o  i— i     I     ! 

<m  co     .     . 

J,,...  I 

H 

S       ©  ©  co  ©  ©  rt     cot^tft 

g            OOrHOO  ^         £     £    CO 

I3       oojoo  Ocoodto 

<®=  Ss  "I  ^i.  §     n  eo  H 

M                  iH    <N    JO  fc       €©> 

o  w 

O          ....  pq 

a     &,   .    . 

2 

3 
a 


©  ©  »o  © 

»o   ©  ©q  © 

oi  o  h"  d 

co    O  (M  O 

o  o  o 


M 


s 


I 


Sea    ** 
,*  -°  SJ 

OS    ^^  OS 

PQ  73  d 

§  §  s- 


8fS| 


OS 
GO 

•— 1 

1 

fr 

re 

OS 
N 
X5 

0 
o 

3 

44 

o 

o 

o 

o 

CO    £ 
Hi  O 


OS 

CO 
CXI 

CO    OS 

»o  os 

JO    OS    CO    co 

t-  oq  cq  >o 

3 

i-H 
CO 

OS     -* 

co  co 

«0  Os"  iH  © 
(M    fH     tH     OS 

co   cq         «o 

M 

S-. 

CO 

«* 

0Q 

<D 

p-3 

^ 

Jh 

o 

5 

"* 

" 

a 
o 

CO 

o 

M 

•* 

-* 

CO 

OS 

CO 

GO 

CO 

© 

C<J 

GO 

»o 

»>I 

CN 

Ir- 

CO 

1—1 

i-H 

© 

CN 

»o 

€&• 

co" 

CO*" 

<N 

-    s 


O     i-H     CO 

JO    CO    o 

o  o  cs 


CO    b-    CD 

&,  o  o 

"  os  os 

+3    r-t    r-l 

53  ^^ 

O    ft   ft 

a   »    «     . 

©   £3    J*  '"* 

s^     eg     »     o 
Qj    o    o    « 

aa   «    °  ri5 

it  se 


csi      £ 

OS  *H 


1  1 

a>      w 


Ph   o 


a  i 


S    CO     g»^ 

■  os  «  d 
sH®o 

02         0  £ 


CO 


1.1 


CO 


HH  CO 

co  »o 

»-l  00 

co  oo 


i-l     N 


CO 


O  «* 

o  ■<* 


P 


o  o  o 

o  o  o 

2  S  © 

O  "5  O 

CO  <M 


CO 


CM  ©  o  O  §  § 

co  o  co  h5  ©  § 

"O  CO  b-  "5  © 

lO  »  *" 

U0  »H 


-i^>  =+H  v 


SOhl    M  O 


-*  O  00  o 

,-H  ©  t-  t^ 

CO  O  O  Oi 

CO  O  5)  "**• 

rH  <M  CM  O 


o 

< 

o 
p 
p 

& 
o 

p 
o 
o 

w 

o 

co 

H 
O 
1=) 

P 
^ 

P 


CO 

o 

O 

o 

»o 

© 

o 

© 

co 

© 

© 

d 

o 

o 

»o 

o 

OS 

o 

OS 

o 

O 

94 

■* 

lO 

00 

€©= 

CO 

OS 

O 
U5 

OS 
00 

cm 

00 

co 

os 

CO 
CO 
CM 

CO 
CO 

cm 

M 

P 

~ 

S 

^ 

d 

- 

- 

- 

P 

- 

- 

- 

o 


o 

OS 

CO 

cq 

OS 

CO 
CO 
CM 

d 

CO 
CM 

©  ©  © 

©  ©  o 

©  d  © 

2  ^  2 

o  OS  o 

<M 


-hT  »o 


o  o 


T3 

rt 

- 

ft 

• 

^ 

• 

0 

3 

OS 

• 

CO 

* 

o 

CJO 

o 

OS 

I 

. 

OS 
CO 
r- 1 

•-> 

OS 
00 
CO 

•iH 

i 

3 

o 

1 
n 

ft 

■a 
n 

w 

• 

©     M 

n  8 

03 
© 

03 

o 

CP 
00 

O 

PL, 

s 

O 

CO 

o 

OS 

1— 1 

© 

4 

O 
02 

,3 

O 

O 

©  O  OS  <N  O  ©  CO 
O  O  rH  00  O  O  © 


O  «5  O 
O  CO  t- 
O  10  CO 


©  g  6-  co  ©  co  co 

^H  i-l     CO  CO     (M 


O  CO  O  rH 
lO  i-H  O  »0 

«D  CO  ©  <^D 
Th  r-t  O  »0 

l>»  OS  o  o 

c<r  <^r  »<r  cT 


>0©©t--©COCO©ifiiO»OC5 
WXjNMiOONiQOttiM* 

^t-SOCOr-ICOOooOrHCOSO 

lO'vciiKj^HH^Heqcq^ 

O"  r-T  rH  rH    rjT   t>^   C<f 


©   50  ©  eq  o  © 

g  g  g  oi  g  g 

o  >-h  o   t>  ©  »o 

O    i^s    O  1— I 

10  10 


cq 


of  »>    rH 


CO 


a.* 


o  -   - 


QOMJOOt'OCOCO 

W    iQ    O    M 


.    O    CO  ifl 

«  6  »  ei  ■*'  n  s  s  th' 

«  'I  "i  ■*  w  ^  ^  H  H 

*>•     r-T   O  i-T   rH  rH 


T3        • 

■"!■- 


- 

- 

2d. 

v. 

ft 

CO 

"08 

ft  la 

ft  «    ft 

r^    TJ 

CO 

CO    CO 

CO    CO   CO 

ft      . 

- 

- 

- 

-     ^ 

-    -    ^ 

ce    ^ 

O  O  - 

- 

- 

- 

~     ~ 

~    ::    ~ 

»o         vo 

10 

O 

O 

OS     ?© 

"*   0   0 
00   0   0      • 

CM 

CO 

O 

CO     00 

r- 1               CO 

zc 

1-{ 

O 

«£>  b- 

00    O    io      I 

O                rH 

CO 

0 

O 

«r>  -hh 

rH               (M 

CM 

10 

O 

rH     »0     IO        . 

J-f             ^ 

co 

CO               • 

>      <D 


00       H      ~         - 
+3       0)      .»        v. 
«      08      fl     .«H     -g 


O 


a,   ~ 

a 


v   -m   .2 

5  a  5 

000 


§  2  S3  2  2  w  o 

g  "*  00  g  g  o  o 

O     GO  rH  ©     US     ©  CO 

OHSons^ 

O     t-  rH  O     lO     CO  ^ 

©  t^  co  g  co  co  tC 

r-"  M  «              <N  ^| 


CO  o  o 

CO  ©  ■* 

rH  O  CM 

°5L  °  ° 

«o  »o  ©~ 


43 

PI 

© 

o 
■3 

a 


s     •  .'  1.S 


"*  00 

O    00 
OS     00 


S3 


&* 


£3 
•I  S 

.   ft   Qj 


02 


»«S  >»  5  .2 
©  rQ  a  h  'S 


■§|S 

^^  © 
rJ  02 

8  83 

O  ,s  H 

ti  «  « 

c8 


rd      O      ©    1^ 

Stf  Mr* 


rug 


s    *  w 

©  w,D  -tf 

+S      rH     -2      £ 
©      ©      2      g 

to 


.-2     § 

••a       eg 


«H   .2 


m 


rC|      0!' 


02 


147 


rd    S 


o 


OQ  o 

la  S 

rH  O 

O  S-l 

o  3 


&) 


,^H 


©  cq 

©  ^ 

o  o 

©  © 


CO  OS  o  o  o  O  »H 

oo  co ©  ©■  ©  ©  b- 

CO  ^  o  o  §  o  o 

OS  CO  O  b-  ©■  ©  ■"* 


£d 


H 

w 


S5^ 


o 

CO 

o 
o 

OS 

CO 

o 

co 

o 
o 

to 

00 

co 

00 

b» 
cq 

o 
o 
© 

CO 

b- 

cq 

o 

CO 
CM 

o 

CO 

c<r 

• 

• 

• 

M 

M 

3 

. 

. 

• 

M 

H 

- 

13 

02 

= 

3 

ft 

75 

02 

6 

5 

- 

5 

2 

2 

- 

w 

co 

CO 

00 
CO 

CO 

co 

CO 

cq 

b- 

i— i 

00 
b« 

cq 

■<* 

co 

CO 

o 
cq 

oo 

«o 
co 

CO 

os 
b^ 

co" 

id 


S  »  co  or1 

JO  cq  eo  CN     b- 

"*.  00  CO  CO     Cq 

£f  l  S  g  as 

^    co 


5*4 


1^1     -S    -Q 


II 


| 

vy      TO 


S  a     ri 

*e  PM  '43 

a  -a  "" 

P  a 

ph  a 


a  £ 


,3 
i 

©  T3 


c?s 


I  ■: 


o 

o  o 

»o 

CD 

CO 

©  © 

<© 

co 

co 

©    K5 

i-H 

W5 

o 

o  cq 

o  o 

CO 

© 

cn   cq 

c©~ 

rH 

OS 

»H 

o    »>- 

O     rH 
O     O 


©  *0  <N  CO 

O  CO  OS  C5J 

00  OS  C*j  <N 

o  CO  l>.  co 

H  CD  ^  "J 


CO  rH 
CO  O 
OS     lO 


O 


ri 

co 

W 
W 

co 

OS 
CO 
CO 

o 


o 


o 
© 

d 

o 


02 


CO  io 

co  as 

cd  d 

tH  CO 


CO 

CO    O 


3  ft 

co    w* 

CO 


CO 


o3     cu 

co  CO 


55  05  s   - 

O    CO    co    <M 

ri   os  co 


OO.C! 

©  ©  o 

6    iO    ei 
O    O    -4H 


o 

CO 

rH 

JO 

© 

■>* 

00 

©J 

d 

cq 

CO 

r-1 

o 

t^ 

rH 

»o 

<N 

OS 

CO 

co 

CO 

CD 

t- 

J—t 

a 

. 

IE 

a 

o 

o 

.2" 

.a 

ft 

c3 

+=> 

"3 

o 

CD 
f-t 
t-i 

CD 

rg 

d 

i 

O 
(M 

CD 
t-t 
CD 

o 

OS 

T-i 

3 

o 

rH 

o 

i-H 

CO 

l> 

d 

IO 

00 

IO 

iO 

r-H 

CO 
CO 

o 

H 

ft 

CO 

d 

i 


°,  "*  ° 

©  co  © 

©  d  io 

g  O  H 


d 
O 

d 

o 


8 


o  co 

rH     t- 


O    ©    QO 

8~  s"  § 


ffl  53 

rH  rH 

1  c? 

a  g 

CD  O 


Ph 


•    o 

.  ft 

CD 


33      O 

os  W 


O    C/    *■«        -CD        . 

§      CD      O        -     fl        . 

r-,       S     2     2 

.5  -2  H  w  "3    , 
>h  g  -'G  -s  'fl  'o 

o  -a    o    d    o    d 

JsSlilfi 

a        S         g 


o 
•    bfl    • 
.  "3     . 

o 

o     • 

OS  rH 

s 

III 

P    03    cd 

ft  tl    «1 

£     ^      rS 

O     .  Pn 


©   -M 

©  o 

rH         . 

© 

Pi 
r^ 

o 

rH 

ce 
O 


o 
P 

149 


3 

d 

ri 

© 
P 

ft" 


rH 
C8 

a 

c6 
hi 
© 
P 

ri 

rd 
ft 
© 

o 


l^a 


.23         «S 


""I      rd 

^    o 

■SI 

W     rr-! 


H    o     « 

©      J3       75 

w8.s 
w  s  « 

ri  Ph   a 
P 


a  h 

*"r, 

fig 

03 

8 1 

rd      CS 

En  O 


00 

•it 

II 

of 

CO 

rH.  <* 

rC^  ,hO  b-   OS  »  O  ©  00  rH  N  o  o  b-  »o 

^|  Oi  os  p  o©q  os  ©  ©  ©  oo  co  oo  ©  oo  oo 

s*,1^  »>lo  060  >*  0  6  »  oi  >o  ©  ©  o-* 

'g^^OOO  CO         10  -HH    ©  ©    CO    CO  <N  b-  O  OS    -* 

|0     «o     o  C*       10  ^^         ^.  °^  "V.         ^L        °^        ^        °t<?l 

'?» ^0    co"    ^  os       co         irTcT        w   h   eo"        r-^        10        so        o"  of 

rT     <v,       OS       <N  <*  H  «5     N  rH  »0  rH     K> 

r!?  "** 

*J  •  .  .  ...  . 

VJ  .  .  .  ...  . 

§     •     . 

V  .  .  .  .  .  . 

§•    •    :  :::::::::::: 

4  : 


©    ©    00    © 

o  o  *>•  © 

O   Q    oi    O 


o  o 
©  © 

©'  ©" 

OO         ©    ©    00    00 
CO  b-         t-    rH    O    O 

»C  1H     rH~    rH~ 


©  rH  © 

d  c?5  © 

b-  OS  lO 

cq  b- 


rH     O 
U0     O 

CO   ©' 

OS    O 

°t  ° 


p 

3 


M 


fa 


ci     ft" 
5  OD      . 


00  co 

p  OS 

0  1>1 

CO  10 

b-  OS 


rH     CO 


2  ° 

©  6  os  os 

°°  b-  OS     rH 

O  (M  "■* 

rH  <N 


O         CO 


©  ©  cq  o 

00     O  rH  O 

C<J     lO  CO  "Hi 

CD     <M  rH  <N 

rH  O  CO 


-H  «0 

K5  CO 

CO  © 

OS  CO 

OS  00 


O   a> 


05 


1* 


'tj*» 


£  "s    co 
**s  ^     CO 


a  co 

•   o  o 

-  '&  2 

/-\  c3  r-1 

»o  ts  ^ 

r-1       O       2? 

a  £^ 

PI    c8  .► 

d        S 

d     ©     Ph 

g  boa 

a  £  ° 
£0 


o  «o 

<M    b- 

lO    b- 


01 


0 

0 

OS 
rH 

oS     . 

T3 

Pi 

e   . 

O 

3 

+3 

0   . 

fa 

bD 

PI 

d   . 

>»  • 

rQ 

1 

h 

/r.05 

m 

9  "-< 

<T> 

bD*-' 

1— 1 

rH^ 

rH 

O    2 

OS 

Q   O 

rd 

cU 

O 

O  O  00  o  «  o 

p  o  O  p  00  00 

O  O  CO  O  N  «5 

O  O  CO  O  CO  "* 

P^  O  00  OS  i-i  t» 

O  irT  rH  r^  r*  lfT 

CN1  rH  10 


53  a 


2  9^ 

j-j      0)     rH 

fa  rrj 

s*  § 

5  s  ^ 

^    C8   CQ 

Q       O       rH 

OOpR 

Pi  Pi  ^ 

^  £  'C 

150 


S  ^5 


fa 


H 


Ph  bj 

H      >» 
© 

d 

w  fa  0 


rH      © 

©    bD 

IS 


© 
PI 
^  © 
/-n  © 

.2    c8 

"  © 
P3 


o        o  ■*        o 

O  OS     rH  O 

O  OS     "HH  O 


Ph 


a 
'So 

m 


'rS 


«rH 

.    o 
u 

.  Ph 


'  Pi  * 

•  o  • 

03 

*  FJ  ' 


rd 

hO 


2s" 


[2 


til 

a;    Oh 


.       M       © 
fa  0 


^^  o 


CS  rH 

S  o  S 

a)  o  ^ 

d  d  g 

O  ^  W 

Ha  fa 


I 
I 


o 

i-i   -*n 

»o 

o 

l> 

© 

%a  co 

q 

■* 

co 

© 

CO    © 

CN 

co 

d 

o 

<N    <M 

OS 

o 

W5 

o 

CO    o 

rH 

CO 

fc~ 

wf 

us  o 

OS 

CO 

co 

OJ    U5 

co 

o 

OS 

CO  o  co 

co  »o  cn 

0  *""  ** 

»>  o  o 

>o  »o  w 


OS     CO 


o  »o 

o    CO 


O 


w 


O      T-H 

>o  o 
r-T  cm" 


CO  O 


co  P 


«o  cq   o  o  o* 

co  co    ,-H    o  r-3 

t>  ©    CO^   CO_  CO 

co"  c<f  cxf  of 


CO   CO   CO 


s  o> 

OS     j-t 


«3     ft 
CO   CO 


b-     CO 

CO    o 


t-     rJH 


W     rrj 


<N    OS 


CO    CO 
CO    co 


CO    "5 


co 


§  £ 

d    OS 

lO    co 

d  <N 


»rt    r^ 


OS     (^ 

oT 


W  05  lO 
CO  CO  N 
i-H     rH     CO 


c^         os  tH  «i   co 

©        t^  co  <c  w 

d         do  cq  os 

g  rH     <M  OS     W3 

»o        mT  d"  oT  £r 

tN  »o  co  q 


eS     *  *    to 


CO    tH 

cn   co 
*>    rH 

O 

>o 


o 

OS 

O 

O 

o 

t^ 

K5 

i— 1 

K5 

«S 

N 

CO 

CN 

CM 

oT 

to 

CN 

o 

to 

CO       . 

a  : 
I: 

®   /-^ 

S     r? 

<D  OS 


3  « 


ri     ^ 


d   c* 

§■§ 

r3      r< 

*  s 

ft    * 

13   p* 


CO  CO  -^ 

o        o        Ph 

S      2       © 


?tw 


o 

s  w 

<C  <» 

CQ  O 

CO  * 

GO 


.  Ph 


o 

•  H 
of  g 

3l 
a  ^ 


w 


§2 
a  ^ 

So 
h  s 

©   o 

I— I      oo 

03    cj 


pq 


-•    o 
N     q 

2  § 
|| 

<D    O 
©    O 


■§■3 

is 


•  o 


2  M 

M  © 

Q    ^ 


C>  os 


cr1 
a> 

Ph 

B 

>s 

© 

r^ 


•5  r1.!^ 


>»  © 

1  8^ 

S  ha 


o 
o  2 


151 


os 

^      CO 

I  » 

,P      00 
fc-H      CO 


J05 

I 


^ 


I   m 


O 
O 

Hi  * 

R 
3 


o 

OS  ©  00 

M5  O 

o 

C4 

CO  "«*< 

OS 

i-(  O  "«*  OS 

"? 

OS  O  H 

fc^  »o 

© 

CO 

rH  »C 

CO 

oo  o  a  t> 

d 

A   d  © 

d  <# 

d 

CO 

CO  CO 

CO 

t-1  O  »0  rl 

i— i 

OWN 

<N  rH 

o 

1—t 

oo  ■>* 

<N 

rH  ©  CO  OS 

00 

co  oo  o 

CO  o 

o 

c^ 

t-  t~ 

■* 

1©  O  CO  rH 

00 

lO  <X)  o 

oo  oo 

no" 

oT 

**  <M 

CO 

CO  O  OS  CO 

>— 1 

lO  «  H 

CO 

o 

"*l 

o 

»o 

r-i 

o 

kT 

i-T 

40= 

rH  O     00 

«5  OS    O 

(jcj  £-     rH 

O  OS 

©  o 
CO 


O    if} 


r-l  O  00 

tfi  OS  O 

N  N  H 

O  OS  T*l 

O  O^  »« 

co  c*T 

€0- 


CO    »o 


££ 


o 


CO 

o 
o 

•  o  <#  fc- 

•  O  r-l  CO 

rH 

co 

00 

o 
o 
oo 

.  O  -*  « 
.  O  ©  "* 
.  o  «3  "* 

<N 


p< 

CO 


H  00    « 

H  t.     >> 

d  ©  © 

CO  <N    "* 

H  ft     H 


13 


o  e, 

°.  *> 

»o  d 

t-  o 

<M  CO 


M     ^ 

6  2 


»TJ  ©  **  b- 

gq  ©  rH  CO 

o  d  ■«*  oq 

qq  o  o  •* 

in  ©  «i  -* 


os  as  o  oo 

b-;  CS    ©    rH 

«5  rH 

i— I  <-" i 


r-S    co 


.   o  o 

O    «5    <M 

CO    00    o 


o    *> 

co   co 


RiJ 


w    io  oo 

©     iO    CO 

os 


co   cm 

rH     U5 

oT  c<T 
co  »o 


(C    O  •*    05 

UJ     O  *     l> 

s  d  w  H 

WOM© 

CO    O  CO^  i-^ 

~  ©  oT  oo 
o 
o 


co 


rd 

60 

P 
O 

rQ 


©  oo 

©  rH 

CO  s— 

p  rt 


.  3 


^  pi 

o   e3 

OS 


a 


co  5s 

rH  C3 

O  04 

o  . 


°  d 

t  o 

o  S.-< 

rQ  S>   » 

-  C3    rH 


rH 


rH     ^ 


P 


es     to 

rH    P4  ^ 

•&    O  rH 

Ph  W  g 

rH  fa 

b  O 


a  pi 

H  o 

a   cq 

,      I    r* 

■s  -s  s 

,.       £      r*»    « 


"     P^ 

OS 


O 
P4 

hi 

^    rH 

w    S 

152 


3 

rH 

o 


Ph 


3      CQ 

a>    Co 


o 
Ph  ° 

•d  ° 


rC        (J) 


•H       5 

fi  r  h 
i— i 

°      PJ 

E        i        H 

.s  §  pj 


s  • 

o    • 

CQ 

u    . 

Co 

rd         ' 

o     . 

s  • 

If 

-S3 

d  s 
S3  a 


rH     ^  S 

O    rH     .3 

©  f^  J3 

r«      ©      Et 

©  d  ET 
o  |  1 

ft«H 

fl5rH 

d  W  o 

I      rH^ 


Sfl 


o 

b-  I-l 

co 

t^ 

t*. 

o 

i-H    U5 

t>- 

co 

CO 

© 

06  cxj 

GO 

<N 

cd 

o 

co  co 

CO 

t- 

■^t 

o 

©    l-H^ 

°i 

CO^ 

CO 

IO 

-&  oT 

of 

co" 

oT 

CO 

"*    o 

iH 

rH 

I-l 

OSrHOlClOO  rH    CO 

COrHO^OO  r*     rH 

oj  12  o  «  d  d  t^»o 

2?  S°  S?  <©  °  o  rH  cs 

ws  wT  cT  tC  cxT  cd" 


CO     CO 


tr   CO  O   CO  o 

"     »Q  ©    OS  CO 

rj  c6  io  th  r-1 

£»     CO  t^    Cft  CO 

""l.  rH  "-£.  °° 

»H  CO~   N  io* 


^H     O 
Hi     CO 

co  o 


CO    rH 
O     GO 


m  m  xii 


O 


Ph      • 


ft 
02 


©  CO  ^ 

9  «?  os 

o  co  _J 

CS  Hi  2 


o 

CO 

co 

CO 


%  s  s 

co 


CO 


CO 


S  °  o 
°?  ©.  © 
Sod1-1  ■  •■ 

2    2    N    "5    «> 
**    O    c^    CO    o 


O    Hi  o 

©    CO  ©  <jq 

9  n|  »  <m" 

co  ©  <* 

CO  rH  Hi 


£  rH     rH  !* 


CO     t» 

Hi    *-i 

co  co 


O  M 


3  , 


o 


^  d  h 

"T  co  io 

£?  rn"  co" 

©  H     «« 


J>  o 

«?  © 

S  © 

co  0 

55  »o 


rHOOOCO  CON  CO 

rH     ©     CO  ©     f-  "*     ©.  *> 

Hi     ©     ©  ©     rH  C5CO  CO 

CO    ©    ©  ©    rH  COt-  rH 

fc-    ©    t>  ©    ©  COCO  CO 

nT  ©"  co~  c*T  ©"  «5*  ■  »o  <M*" 

H     Cq                        ,_|  rH  so 


•     00 

.      *H 

03 
.    © 

.  CQ 


•iH     b- 

CO    ^^-^ 


*H 
© 

co  ^^  ©  Ph 

0     w 


c3 
02 


o 
© 
© 

-H 


44 
o 

03 

r0 

CQ 
O 

» 

O 

© 

0 


C8  WrrH 


153 


42    $ 


el" 

r-H.  «5 

CN)  OS 

So  °t 

S  CO  CO 

?  CO 

*1  5 


co 

CO 

t- 

CO 

t^ 

CO 

00 

i-4 

t- 

r-i 

CO 

CO 

OS 

co 

<M  rH 
-#  CO 
<M    CO 


^    «= 


! 


.* 


O       0$ 

M 

R 


o 

b- 

cq 

C«I 

t^ 

CO 

co 

o 

i-H 

-*_ 

lO 

co 

€# 

0Q 

s  d  >>  $ 

o  ©  co  © 

CO    CO    "-J,  ^ 
CO  iO    co 


065 


cq 

0 

q 

O 

q 

8 

O 

q 

O 

q 

8 

CO 

l-t 

hJ 

O 

0 

0 

ui 

t^ 

»o 

I— 1 

10 

•* 

10 

0 

cq 

i-H 

CN 

co 

t~ 

<M 

e^ 

<M 

«* 

co 

co 

CO~ 

cC 

of 

1— 1 

H 

, 

H 

. 

H 

- 

~ 

H 

H 

H 

2 

Ph 

o3 

Ph 

e3 

Ph 

*• 

-• 

tt! 

m 

CC 

XJ1 

CQ 

0  10 

oq 

0 

0 

CSJ  »>. 

IQ 

q 

q 

0  co 

"■* 

0 

»o 

-*  t~ 

a 

CM 

00  co 

e» 

CO 

"^ 

00  -^T 

co 

i-T 

oT 

0 

3 


o 


t  ^   »> 

L^        CO 


CO 

0 
q 

OS  CO 
CN  CO 

0 

CO 

© 
0 

OS  rA 
lO  CO 

cq  co 

6C    o 

P     o 
o    os 


•a  • 

Ph      . 
O 
<X>      • 

O    . 

►J  .9 

sag 


3 


JO 

•  hs 
S  I 

is 

3s 

.2  ^ 

Si 

^    5 


R  J 


O 


I 

s 

1 

%  ^ 
W  <       O  Q 


o   •  o 


J  R 


o 


I  •  .2  "C  S 

qj     O  o3  P 

H  oq     eg  CQ  °? 

0  §  «  .2 

•  n,        •  -IB 

♦^  £r  -S  -£  ^ 

Ph  W      Ph  Ph  ^ 


OJ 


Q  P 


154 


so 

K5 

(M 

OS 

>* 

O 

CO 

OS 
OS 

CD 

00 

CO 

M5 

W5 

OS 

co 
co 

rH 

00 

P, 
CO 


S 


00 

so 

o 
© 

co 

t>- 

©  i— 1  io 

©  o 

»o 

os 

©  t>  »>. 

©  cq 

•     CO 

CO 

o 

o 
© 

o  o  co" 

©  OS 

iO  -*  o 

O  CO 

t>  o  so 

t~ 

1-T 

O'^H 

T»T 

<N 

• 

• 

(B 

*  +a 

• 

•                                      • 

.  .'& 

• 

• 

. 

"  *o 

u 

0> 

+a 

a 

"• 

M 

o 

r-l 

<* 
M5 

CO 

o 

OS 

so 

OS 

00 

00 

oo 

CO 

<N* 

I— 1 

CO 

o 


a 


0   a 

i  -J 

r>  a» 


•  3   «  5 


0  be 
I  ^ 
I      50 

h  s 

feo  -43 

o    o 

1  a 

^    o 


o 

be    •  -g  3 
•§    •  *  S 

1  ■  «g* 

it  II 
"■3  ll 

"g  #  I  = 
p<  w>    ft  pi 

<U    M     ST  M 
O  ft 


a>  o 

§  CO  . 

O  «  - 

°  £  5 


feC     rj 

o    § 

o    I 


s  a 

I 
M 


s  d 


•  £ 


CO 


§3 


°  *    '  ~ 


Si  .3 

Kit 

H      0X3 


SB 

fee 

w  s 


as. 

o|a 
«H  a  r 

•  O   PI 

P<  *H    ,3 

ft 


.2  §    • 

ft       . 

°  ^  »d 
■*  #  & 

^0^ 

ft 


03      S.  r 

W    P"      f-i 

ft 


o 

£0 

ft 
155 


ft  % 


cTfi 


ft 


•  .g  a  u 

•  «   2  i& 


•s   «  pi   « 

P^     °  M      0 

®  ^  -5 

*>    o  oh 
ft 


f 

CO 

I 


fee 

w 


o  S 


<3      CO 

Si      00 

CO 

co 


1 


5> 
S3 

^1 


-*  oo  © 
»-J  t-  © 

co  o 

OS  © 

** 
« 

"  *>■   os  d 

t-  tH  1£S 

rH  CO* 
»0  t-l 

co 

CO 

1-" 

i-H 
rH 

;   «i" 

Hi 

o 
o 
W 
o 

CO 

p 

M  ^ 

P 


•Si 


CO 

N 

^H 

© 

b- 

N 

,-H 

T-\ 

CO 

CO 

oo 

rH 

os 

00 

t- 

o 

eo 

1-1 

€©= 

M 

^ 

>. 

H 

Ph 

„ 

co 

~ 

** 

o  ^ 

d  OS 

©  <° 

Jo  «© 


O  co 


•«»  ^    os 

•*5      CO 


O  O  © 

00  ^  o 

oo  ®  d 

1Q  ©  XQ 

oo  » 

co 


S  3* 
£<2S 


rH 

1Q 

d 

co    O 

os  q 

1Q     r_l 


■      P 


*& 

O 


.2      r-t 

O 

Ha 


■S    o 

T3      P 

P    9 


♦a      3 

til    rn 


S  "2    *  t*  S 

•S  2            ft  * 

1  I  1  £W 

2  pi  2  ^  h 

S  j  =3  ©  «S 

oo  H  Ph  «m  oo 

EJ  .,  U_|  P      -t->  " -M 

'5  O  Q    Si  SJ 

«  -2  I 

°  -  & 

■  i  CO       e3      ^  ,. 

Ph    A     ft    -  - 

P  P 


.4 
Ph 


"-Us* 

bo  r-i     bD  7-k     e3 

a  S  O    I  -g 

"    ^  ft  ^  3 

P  P 

156 


i— i 
O 


.  co  2 
P  '5c 


a  2 

8  F3h 


O 


p 


Ph     •  ^  !3 

"  I     'o 

H     co  o 

g.2  I« 

bX)  ^  So 

54      .S  ^      -H 

O    ^3  o     03 

«.  Ph  g    g 

2*  o  S    S 

5  S  §  " 

d     Ph  43      03 

tJ  °  °  ft 

^   «  -e  -S   o 


O     «H 


eg 


P2 


<M 

00 

,_| 

W5 

co 

Ui 

CO 

CO 

06 

o 

co 

00 

1-1 

»o 

CN 

<N 

o 
o 

OS 

©  us 

©  © 

o 
o 

»o 
os 

d 

d    * 

•      s  ** 

d 

■<# 

s   •>- 

<M 

-* 

m. 

O  co 

<n 

CO 

ft 


O    ia  ©  lO 

9  **        ©        os 
°,  d        d        h5 


CO 


00 

J-l 

o 


o      . 

O        g 

•     w 

ft  «H 
O     O 


CD      0> 

o>   +3 

II 

.8  S 

.2   5 

-a  !xs 

►    © 

d   fl 

© 

2  8 
*£ 

°3 


•S   '43 

&fi    e3 

W     O 

<D    <j 
•  5      o, 


>•     r-H 


a     .   fl 


►  is 
•2  £  fe 

■  °s 


-  d 
bo   o» 

.a  -a  . 

o  hj 

CO      H~l 

ft    o 

v  .3 
5  -a  . 

<H    M    ■§ 

§  £  s 


00  ^ 


T3  .T3    d  «h  «h 


.3      CL> 


-*  00 

00  00 


o 


O 


be 


&  \&  ' 

d      •  tc    k 
0Q     „         d 

o  g  °  a 

P        P 
157 


•am 

m  |4 


<j 


0D     O 

**  St 
ft  r~> 


Hi1 

o    S 
.    ft 

&P 
P 


Hi    .2 

a  *g 
*  1 


d  d  ' 

a  a  : 

&»  fe*  b 

ej  S  h 

ft  ft  © 


o 

1 

o 

"So 
o 

'o 

W 


O)      03 


CO 

cq 

e 

C5 

1 

CO 
CO* 

CO 

l-S 

*£L 

<M 

of 

8M 

s 

•&«r 

«5 

CO 

SO 

o 

H< 

g^O 

CO 

CO 

"£  •> 

co 

co 

£  1 

o^ 

o 

>s 

*> 

otT 

2 

€£= 

QQ 


5> 


*g   S*    °l 

co 


o 

<tH 

o 


CO 

00  co 

oo     . 

CO 

CO    00 

co     . 

HH 

t^  -* 

cn     '. 

<M 

to  cq 

CO       . 

00^ 

1-1 

1—1 

«r 

iH 

** 

0 

O 

O 

0 

<M 

co      • 

1— ( 

OS 

t^ 

O 

0 

t^ 

OS 

CJS 

»o 

rH 

CO 

^ 

«* 

OS         '. 

CO 

CN 

"* 

T— 1 

CO 

iO 

0 

Oi 

<"H 

00 

1—1 

1— 1 

€£= 

H 

- 

- 

3 

3 

- 

~ 

ft 

= 

= 

- 

3 

- 

- 

.. 

- 

~ 

- 

- 

- 

S 

10 

OS 

0 

O 
fc- 

0 

0 

C<J 

CO 

*> 

»o 

OS 

0 

0 

fc- 

cs 

CO 

cq 

lO 

' 

CO 

•rH 

■* 

OS          '. 

0 

CO 

<M 

** 

CO 

10 

0 

»o 

1—1 

00 

.— t 

^ 

m 

P 


Ph 


QO   o  CO   o 

CO    «?  So 

co  25       So 


Ph 


a  . 

pi  -2 

a  * 

ft    « 


o         o 


•  £>  c* 

•  8  S 

'id 

.     cS  e3 

^  .2 

'     ^H  DJO 

.     e3  O 

.2  O 

•  be  O 
O  e3 

'     ©  I 

*  A83  ^ 

Ph  Ph 

o  o 


b  a 


Ph 


Si  ■§  1 


O     Pi 

ft    eS 

.8  1 


S  a  3  1 

O    o 


a     ffi     C 

PI  .s 


Q 


ft  ft 
«   Ph 


a  * 
^^  © 

ft    co    C 
Ph    ^   O 


to   p 

p 


.     tH 
O 

■  .a  a 

^ 

•  0  0 

.    +3 

Pi 

.  3  0 

'ft 

O 

O)       00 

•       0Q 

•  .3° 

ryM 

alysi 

O 

•  W 

•  p 

.       CO 

•     ei     fi 

0 

0 

±3     c3 

•  -»-» 

p 

•  3  Ph 

bD 

.    H- 1 

•  s  ® 

p 
.   p 

.  w 

.     *h 
O 

IB, 

nin 

anti 

P       O     C)H 

.       -t-5 

.•P     ^       P 

.     co 

.2 

•  s 

^?      2     *H 

•  'E 

aT    OD 

^8 

5      P 

00       P       00 

00   g 

<x>  1— 1    a 

X   0   ^ 

Is 

f3   ►» 

.5   «  ^ 

CO     «H 

co     w 

0   § 

P  £  45 

a  5 

^ 

0  s 

0 

158 


oo  as 

«£=    CO 

co 


o 

O 

© 

© 

© 

© 

»o 

© 

\        © 

cq 

iO 

00 

t>- 

cq 

°i 

co 

>— 1 

I— 1 

di 

- 

;. 

CO 

6 

a, 

CO 

^ 

W 

w 

o 
© 

o 
© 

1— < 

d 
oo 
cs 

r-T 

.  o 
.  o 
.  © 


o 
© 

00 

eo 

d 

r- 1 
O 

ft 

W 

<->     CO     t>     CO 

§    W    N    O 

o  «!  i>  ci 
Jo   eo   w  w 


CO 

~ 

e3 
CO 

- 

^ 

tj 

4) 

i 

CO 
OS 

o 
o 

o 
o 

M 

s 

CO 

co 

i— 1 

d 
o 
© 

d 
o 
© 

oo 
O 

I  co 

.    CO 

CO 

i— i 

i— i 

J 

•    f-J" 

i— ( 

i-5 

•  «> 

• 

fe 

♦ 

. 

<1)       OB 

II 


M  O 


»o    00 
<M    00 

CO     >H 


» -p  .  s 

li-T    ej  P<    _ 

E    c3    *?  *    ^ 

3  ,-g  .s  °  ° 

a  *  3>  w 

£  2  «S  -43  eg 

o     o  o 


13    ' 

oo  a 

.2  -a 

a  ©  p-h 

a  *"  5 

6  o  'I 

Fh  ° 

03  >>  fcd 

e3  oS  O 

u  -  -a 

«w  ^  a 

o  o  •£ 

«  *"  S 

o  ^j  a 


<D 


a 

I-3 

03        s_| 

o  8 


o>  co 


£ 


O 


O 


a 

a 

a 

"o 

I- 


r— ■  ri 


,a    © 


-t-3      j       +3         QJ       -M 

«H    £3    ch      g    £ 


159 


o 


S 


a 


3    oo  t>  ?a    a  rH 

2?    2        ^  ■•■13  ^ 


§* 
go 

1.2  g 

b«  bio  *  g 
a   fe   o  fe  ^1  ■ 

o    o  r^  .2  -M  ■ 
<J  fxj  ^ 


«S   W    a> 


<*   OS 

jP   00 

O 

|  Co  S  »© 

J>  *>  ht  ^* 

s  ^ 


o  co  co  CO  OS    QD  N 

-*  CO  CO  oo  co     •>*  CO 

b-  OS  "O  CJ  i-^    -*  CO 

-*  -*  cp  i>r  io 

rH  OS  CO 


b-    b- 


& 

« 


ft* 


OS    co 


oo  b- 


OS  lO  CD  CO 
CO  O  OS  rH 
W     OS     OS     Hi 


H<    tD    ifl    M    N 
©    b-    b-    CO    OS 

oo  io  a  ®  6 

O     00    C<J     rH     OS 
b-     t-  «3     00 

co  cq 


CO 


o  o  o  o 

©  ©  ©  © 

»o  ©  ©  >o 

<*  W)  O  N 

CO  (M  OS  CM 


.  o    •  £  © 
.  o     ;  q  q 

'.  ©     'So 


b- 

»o 

© 

o 

t^ 

<M 

CO 

MH 

co 

rH 

l£5 

co 

CO 

CO 

CO 

s 

H< 

>* 

-* 

CO* 

rH 

rH 

lO 

CO 

0G 

lO 

CO 

t~ 

o 

CO 

t^ 

b- 

eq 

© 

1© 

CO 

00^ 
r-T 

co 

co 

O 

CO     rH 
<*     CO 


.  b-   co 

.    00     CO 
.    rH     CO 


CO 

q 
c<i 

CO 

b- 

CO~ 


rH  g  lO 

rH  ^  CO                CO 

CO  rH  °°               ^ 

»o  t-  t- 

3  *  of 


CO     b- 

rH     CO 
OS     CO 


b-     CO 

co   *o 

O     OS 


o 

•  a 

CO    S 

o 

^  o 

rQ     O 


2     r« 

^   d 


5    Pi 


O  rH 

GO.  r-H 

Co 

Ha  aj 

tc  © 


OS  ~ 
rH  •» 
^  >» 
rH      © 

8.  © 
•   d 

"fit* 


3~ 

© 
O 


o 


OS 


r^    8 


©     § 
ft      ® 


!i 


o 

•  a 

.  <^ 

.  © 

rH 
03 

^£ 

oo    d 

rH     rd 

^  o 

160 


»-l      -        ^         " 

*•                  "*        ^ 

"  i 

0    0    "*    CO 

<# 

N    lO    «C    ■* 

§     rH     O     OS 

q 

H     b     OJ     "* 

co  d  S  d 

CO 

-*  JS  °°  ii 

OS    ^    i?    "* 

o 

n  n  t>  "5 

S   co  ^  -* 

b- 

t-             ^     CO^ 

s  »  §  • 

co        co  oT 

^= 

r. 

.         .         •         •     <H 

o 

.OS         .     ,_( 

•      ^N 

•  &o   •  d 

8),. 

(1889 

Class 

19), 
1900) 
!  (191 

ever 
iical 

•H               OS 

•  'S  ^  rd 
2  «  d 

OS    ^   «     ffl     d) 

O  °5   S 

Gordon  Bartlett  (1 
Lucius  F.  Billings 
John  White  Browr 
David  Williams  Ch 
Loan  Fund  ^of  the   M 

Cotting  Gift  (1900), 
Frederic  Shurtleff 
Orlando  W.  Doe  (1 
Horace  Putnam  F: 

OS 

b- 

co 

rH 

O  CO 

co  co 


O  CO 

t~  to 


t~  i-i  <M  CO 
QO  <N  »0  CO 

«  (O  W  N 


co  -#  t-  co    "*  © 


co  o  <N 

t^  !-j  •* 
«D  M  H 
CO  CO  C5 
CO  O  "* 
CO~ 


"*  ©  CO  C<»  <M  O 

«5  l>  ft  N  53  O 

co  o  »o  co  co  © 

co  co  cn  co  co  »o 

•O  00  53  O  N  H 

W  10"  l>  ©"  to 


i-l  o 

o  o 

©  S 

CO  O 

CO  «5 


C3  o 

»>  co 

<N  cd 

CO  o 

CO  »o 


°  2 

o  © 

<=>  2 

i-(  »H 


©  ©  ©  © 

©  ©  ©  © 

i©  ©  »o  *Q 

b-  O  <N  t- 

N  N  CO  N 


O  O  O 

©  ©  © 

d  uj  xi 

o  cn  t- 

cn  -*  e>* 


o  o  o  o  o 

©  o  ©  ©  © 

6  d  io  d  >o 

O  »Q  CN  »©  b- 

W  N  CO  N  N 


O 
CO 


% 


©  cN 

O  CO 

6  H< 

»0  CO 

»H  CO 


u 

jC   to 

.  cu 
M  ft. 

6" 


fflOONH(,j)00NON 
100CO»>-»Oo^t>-COi— I    lO     i- 1 

HSMMNaJio«Hid'* 
lO^oco^nM^oooH 

eON"*«ONiOWNMO: 


CO  © 

-*  co 

CN  CO 

CO  CO 


o 


©q  »© 

co  >© 


O 


-     £    ft  - 


h3    fl 


t-  co 

©    •*' 


CO    1*1    t'    » 


CO    t-;    © 

N    C3    CO 

<N  -•  o 

35    ^     (N 

of  «T  »©~ 


CO  i©  t-  00  o 

»Q  CN  l©  CO  O 

CO  00  H  N  d 

H  N  H  «  IO 

<»  0O  O  N  H 

K3  t-  O  © 


OS     t» 

C3     C3> 
CO     CO 


CO  © 

"*  p. 

<=  2 

«*  o 

co  »o 

CD  t" 


S 


CO    1© 

3  * 

In    O 
O    | 

•  M 


PI 
o 

QQ 

C6 
<X> 
P4 

&  §  8 


d     C75 

o  S 


GO 


c3    o 

ft  £ 

O  m 

161 


St    gj 

fe   O     O    Hi 

c6    te  Hi    * 

&«      «      ft     «H 

PI  •?  *"   2 
O    M^  iS 

O  P    §    2 

o    o 

b  a 
££ 

o    o 

S3      fl 


•     O 
.    Hi 


M 


CO    C3 


on 

iS 

i-i 

ft 

Oi 

O 

«+H 

^~^ 

T3 

& 

■a 

CD 

s 

+-> 

-M 

OS 

r-H 

CO 

ft 

f3 

O 

OS 

fl 

r-4 

<1 

w 


Pi    &D 

"Si 

MS 


42    oo 

■»S     00 
£     CO 


St* 
I? 


.& 


.    c° 

>-~ 

o 

O 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

O 

o          © 

1G>    00 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

o 

© 

© 

©         © 

•    X*   t^ 

d 

© 

d 
o 

d 

d 

8 

d 

>o 

U5           d 

"<*     CO 

OS 

U5 

o 

o 

o 

CM 

CM 

•       00     -* 

CS 

i-H 

i-H 

CN 

•    cm  os 

cc 

i-H 

CM 

•   m 

OS 

«3 

CO 

O 

o 

o 

o 

o 

t> 

»o 

cc 

«5           "* 

.    co  co 

CO 

tr- 

•Tt 

xf 

"* 

"<* 

© 

CO            "3 

.    fc-  os" 

t-I 

CM 

iej 

to 

jo* 

iO 

os 

pa 

CO    o 

o 

.      CO    «5 

IO 

m 

r- 

*      M    v. 

.- 

„ 

„ 

•     ^    * 

*• 

*• 

** 

"* 

- 

*• 

"" 

"■ 

Ph      • 

„ 

_. 

- 

„ 

J, 

„ 

„ 

„ 

•   ttO 

" 

" 

~* 

** 

" 

*• 

" 

"* 

** 

•    -*a 

- 

- 

^ 

« 

- 

3 

^ 

;- 

- 

; 

.      P 

oo  *o 

O 

CO 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 
© 

t- 

jo 

JO             "* 

.    co  co 

© 

CO 

t- 

HJ 

rjj 

x* 

"t 

c 

CO 

CO         >o 

XO     OS 

•    t^  o 

iO* 

o 

CM 

JO 

JO 

jo 

JO 

d 
o 

OS 

r* 

i-H 

CO    lO 

OS 

IC 

CN 

€©= 

r4 

.    .   . 

P* 

• 

• 

. 

CO 

e3 

o 

CO 

CO 

CO 

o>   - 

CO 

4h 

~ 

- 

~ 

- 

= 

t-l 

<D 

p 

I-H 

^ 

s 

3 

s 

<2>   b- 

-C<)     CO 

J^  s 

•^  ^   *- 

Ti      CO 


«*  t>  O 

co  oo  q 

CO  t>  w 

o  w  o 

JO  ■"*  CO 


°  s 

oo   2 


S  "S  1 

Sgs 
^  g  ^ 

■*±    o    o 
G  'S  "S 

fill 

2    "t3    +* 

bflfi 


a  • 
*  • 

o 

ss 

o    OS 
3- 

«     co 

XII  oo 


o 


8     8 
8      8 


*      rd  X3  ^2  +3 


•  a 

o 


o 
o 

o 
o 

>o> 

CM 

o 

1-1 

•  a 

•  is 
o 

*  ■T3 


H  p  H  »  H  co 


OOS     OOS     oc»     oos     o 

ccS^ot^g^§?^ 

hOOhCChIOhXh 


oJ  .     ec?  .   ^ 

5  .  5  .  o 

^  -9       5 

-*j  -+j        ■*■*. 


.    o 


5 


00 


a*H  a**-1  fl^M  ci'He5*-' 
goSogocpoSo 
P       P       0       P       P 

162 


a> 

•  a 

I  '  I  'J 

^_     ,-H     ^_     ^-(     ^     »-( 

o  os    o  ©    o   os 
i— i   os  .—I   os  ,_ i   os 


C     *H 


o 

00 

CO 

o 

© 

© 

© 

00 

<_> 

00 

© 

o 

© 

© 

© 

o 
o 
o 

00 

CO 

i— I 

o 
o 

o 
o 
o 

co 

CO 

© 
© 
© 

CO 

oo 

W9 

o 

rH 

o 

U5 

<M 

© 

rH 

co 

co  >o 


rH 

©   © 

©  OS 

«5  ©  © 
CO  ©  © 

00 

W5 

© 
© 

os  © 

CO  © 

©  ui 

t-  00 

CD 

© 
© 

©  O} 

t~  b-  © 

©  N  N 

© 

IM 

rH 

^ 

-   - 

»»      V.      s. 

•d 

M 

- 

- 

o 


•    ^3 
ft   o 


©  © 

©  © 

©  © 
W5 


CO    W5 


©     rH 
©     t- 


S  ° 

©  os 

©  <N 

b-  lO 


»o  ©  ©  ©  °o 

«o    ©    ©    o    «? 

*>    l>    ©    lO  © 

«C    «m    b-    S  « 

>o  cq    CO  rH 

of 


ft 


a  ' 

o  • 

~       C  GO 

O    M  P 


*  s  - 


£     o  o 


a> 

a> 
W 
OS 
c3 

-H 


as 


WE 


80 

pi 

03 


o  °o 

o    CO 
o    <N 

«r  © 


as 


rH  O 
rH  O 
»0     U5 


a 

© 
© 


m 

PI  ^ 

a  ° 

o 

rH 

c3 

o 


•  s  a 

ffl      © 
.      rH    -rH 

o  pi, 

•«d 

'  W  2 
>«•! 

o    *    fe  : 

OS      P    rQ     , 
rH      U    +3    , 

O    c8 


ft 

3 


+3  CJ 

s  m 

*•       0  r* 

od      OQ  DQ 

2     02  © 

^r§  3 

w     .  •  - 

rl  [V,  m 

°  3 

o    >>  © 

o  b  &p 


©  2 

©  © 

ifj  © 

cq  © 

CO  © 


a 
a 

o 
O 
be 

■B 


■  > 


W    & 


os 
©     . 


•tr    5    >s  os    o    • 
2  2  3  2  -  ® 


o     o 


oc 

£ 

0 
1-1 

M 

?— 1 

■* 

m 

.11 

•500 

0 

00 

co 

to 

fc» 

00 

0 

0 

to 

CO 

00 

06 

os 

CO 

0 

00 

CO 

10 

10 

CO^             rH 

CO 

co~ 

CO 
O 

00 

CO 

CO 

1-1 

1-1 

«3 

c* 

►? 

<M 

*> 

"O 

CO 

g 

6 

S 

-** 

^ 

CO 

ss 

6Q 

cq 

0 

0 

00 

0 

c 

■^ 

q 

q 

•* 

«5 

c 

06 

0 

10 

OS 

cm 

0 

OS 

0 

CM 

»o 

I— 1 

c 

I— I 

co 

CO 

I— 1 

CN 

• 

8 


•a 

fl 
o 


rd   ~ 

©    ~ 


ft 
in 

6 


«?  © 

»o   o 
cn  ,_T 


pq  - 


CM    O 

to  o 

<M    CM 


ft 


i-l  CO     CO 

co  t^  00 

cm  co   06 

05  10*0 

CO  t-     CO 


o    ** 


,    o 


OS     o 

r~l  rfl 
^  © 


a  .s 

0  s 

1  S 

S'3 

fl     . 

£0 


w-3 


n  - 

.  *° 

WOS 

05  I*  *& 

•i  2  § 


o 

rfl 
© 

o 

w 


i 


•3  *s  * 

P4      b 


•  fl  1 

ft  ^    fl 

>>     ©      g 


CJ  © 

co  fl 

fl  © 

©  o 

ft  V 

©  fl 


IH     <H     h 

o  S 

164 


-  e3 

>>  ft 

JH  CO 

s  q 


■TD      CO 

© 
o    o 

«H    ^ 
co 

flog 

■s     ts 

•3  «    o 


0 

t- 

00 

I— 1 

q 

CO 

00 

CD 

6 

r-5 

CO 

0 

10 

IO 

CO 

"* 

CO 

CO 

°1 

»o 

10 

-* 

co" 

Oi 

<M 

CM 

CD 

r-l 

5i 

CO 

rH 

iH 

O 

0 

O 

q 

r-t 

CM 

CM 

»ri 

<# 

CO 

h5 

00 

00 

<* 

00 

t~ 

CO 

10 

CO 

ccT 

t^ 

00 

10 

«©= 

r-H 

H 

H 

" 

" 

*■ 

^ 

«. 

v. 

\* 

d 

** 

" 

0 

< 

3 

^ 

^ 

H 

^ 

« 

s. 

< 

** 

" 

" 

0 

O 

0 

■* 

l»          lO 

O 

rH 

W3 

CM 

00 

q   00 

PQ 

XO 

cq 

J 

CM 

"*   0 

Ph" 
<1 

CO 

CN 

CC^ 

O 

CO     CO 

t~ 

CO 

CO 

C5 

CO    00 

CD 

0" 

i>r 

CO 

»0    Oi 

P 

m 

r-t 

rH 

r^ 

05 

O 

*     r2 

^ 

P5 
^ 

CO 

© 

rH 
© 
-r» 

fl 

M 

ft 

0 

co 

3 

co 

© 

rl 

CO 

HH 

- 

.      'ft 

U 

fl 

t-t 

O 
O 

t^ 

^H 

CO 

rH 

CM 

t>; 

6 

»o 

to 

ci 

"«* 

■* 

CM 

CO 

0 

q 

IC 

b- 

00" 

CO 

C? 

CO 

*& 

Oi 

€©= 

^ 

fc- 

. 

© 
© 
fl 
08 

o 


^0 

22   a 

CM      C 

1—1     n 

b-      O 

co  '43 

s  a 

rH  "5 
"^     fl 

T3   £ 

5  5 

©  0 

rH      CO 

■a  -e 

0    S 

S5 

<  < 

<j  s 

-d  -d 

1— 1    rH 

■1 

O     O 

©      M 

33 

08        rH 

o  o 

CO 

o 

o  o 

O 

o 

©  o 

00 

lO 

O  rH 

o 

cq 

i©  o 

CO 

US 

(M  r-< 

<N 

<M 

1-4     O* 

us 

o  o  o  o  co 

CO 

oo 

O  O  O  O  CO 

O  OS 

00 

O  O  O  O  r-t 

o  t- 

OS 

rH 

o  o  o  o  o 

>0  ©  ©  ©  rH 

O  rH 

t- 

1—1 

OS  US    O  O 

W5  r-t 

w 

<N  r-l 

oq 

O 

o 

CO 
CO 

us 

CO 

os 
© 

fe- 

CO 

co 

•H 

rH 

CO 

co 

rH 

OS  o  o  o 

co  ©  ©  © 

os"  ©  ©  © 

05  l>  0O  "* 

rH  <M  ©  >© 


M    2 

«     . 

•     ft 


O 


-    '-    -  ft 

~  ■   -    0Q 


o  o  o 

©  ©  © 

ia  6  uj 

io  t-  h 


W   02    W 


ft 

05 


o 
o 

CO 
1—t 

CO 
CO 

us 

CO 

CO 

co 

1—1 

rH 

1— 1 

CO 
CO 

rH 

8 

OS 
CO 

o 
o 

o 

o 

o 
o 

o 
o 

os 

OS 
rH 

o 

o 

00 

o 

o 

rH 
US 

O 

»o  o 

<M 

O 

CO  © 

t- 

us 

o  *o 

OJ 

Wi 

oo  *>- 

<N 

cq 

r"l 

;     rH 

rH 

*-t  - 

-   - 

-m 

«H 

1 

8 

r- ( 

3 

©  © 

CO  © 

us 

© 
© 

©  © 

©  © 

00 

©  © 

00  US 

co 

© 

©  rH 

©  <M 

OS 

M5  © 

CO  US 

CO 

© 

C*  rH 

<N  <N 

CO 

OS 

©  ©  ©  rH 

©  ©  ©  rH 

©  ©  ©  »I 

©  ©  ©  <N 

©  ©  ©  eq 

US  ©~  ©" 

Cq  rH 


rH 
© 


a  ©  **  • 
Sg^  • 

g  2  "  ' 

rH    pq    «H 

rj      CO 

Cti    ° 
cj    "    OS 

r§a  s  i 

tf  p  pq 


CO       rj 

OS  QJ 


pi    c8 


Shi 


w 

o  © 

*  O 

o  fl 

O  <J  ^ 

PI  C8  S 

(D  CB  \^ 


MS 


bo 

.9 
o 

a 

o 
Ph 

.2 


43  a> 

0>  rj 

03  r* 

OS  <J 


•»      OS 

C      i— l 

5*1       "H 


So 


cq 


fe» 


©  eo  ©  © 

©  o»  ©  © 

O     rH  ©    M5 

o"  *>T  irT  eq 


O  ^H  o  o  o  o  o 

©  eq  ©  p  ©  ©  -* 

©  «>*  ©  ©  ©  ©  © 

O  rH  O  O  ©  O  ■<*< 

©  ©  o  ©  ©  ©  ^ 

CO  <*  «  K5  >o    N 


CO   »o 

OS     CO 


b-  t- 

CO    OS 


Ph 


•  O  O  CO 

•  ©  ©  © 

'.  ©  »o  c<i 

.  b-  CO  b- 

.  <M  rH  go 


©CO    ©    ©    ©    ©  .CO    H 

©    b-    ©    ©    ©    ©  .   W    N 

O"*coo-*o  ;  cq  os 

<N    iO    ©    CO    CO    O  .   OS    N 

CO            i— i    ■**    rH    b-  b-    o 

Itf                   N    H    N  -hT  co" 


o 


s  o  - 


>o 

rH 

o 

H< 

>o 

OS 

o 

OS 

OS 

-* 

"* 

CO 

r^ 

lO 

o 

CO 

co 

CO 

•* 

O    O    O  O    O    CO 

©    ©    o  O    O    b- 

©    >0    ©'  O    ©    "* 

l>    CO    OJ  O    N    K5 

N    H    O)  O^  «D 

oT  H^  r-T 


o  o  o  o  o 
o  o  o  o  «* 


©  ^ 

CO     CO 


iN 


O  ©  <N  OS 

O  «*  OS  <N 

b-^  oo  b-  © 

CnT  <N  **  CO 


a  .H  a 

2  £2 


CM 


■5  S3 

2  M 

CD 

CI  XI 

M  o 


is  ^S     CO 

°-<^    oo 
•S    co 


-a 

F3 
g 

rQ 


CM 


O  lO  O  O  O  © 

O  rH  O  O  O  O 

©  "<*  o  ©  ©  © 

©  co  ©  ©  o  © 

o  «o  o  *o_  o  p, 

d"  co"  »o  n  «r  o" 

CN  CO  00  co 


/-->> 

•  CO   •-   *■ 

rH  •">  <^> 

■  os  «*  ^ 

• 

rH  CO  CO 

•  s_^  CO  CO 

a   -    a 


CD    /""^ 

s  ° 


rd     ^ 

•a  © 
•|S 
a  a 

o      . 

rH      _J 

<  « 
t»  2  © 


•^     GO     r"1 

4J  2  H 

1  £* 

r>      ©    -pH 

2&I 

O   ^   M 

Srd      tt 


d    c8    51 

d  y  fi  .h  o3 

H     rd  .     £      £ 

<1    EH    r,    £>    Q 
166 


rHOOOOOt-"* 

CNOpppppCN 

"^ooooocncn 

rHOOOOOCOO 

cpp^p^oocoosco^ 

r-TcN     lO'r-TcTcN'co'rH' 

■*    N    «    «5    t»    H 

C*    rH 


I    - 


g 

pq  W  co 

rH  ©     CO 

©  +3 

C3  2  o 


CM 


-a  1 

03    .^ 


^  CO 
,<->  00 

CO  00 

00  rH 

00  ^-^ 

rH  Q 

*i 

O     +3 

cy    © 

«H      rH 


eg  -Q 
h>  O 


o 

Sh 

Ph 
08    O 

Ph  Ph 


•  6 

_     CO 
OS 

oo    &D 

=-.g 

•J-J    ri4 


Ph 


o 


03    cx| 


WW 


O 

I 

■s 

•H 
OS 

O 


t-  ©  © 

JO   o  o 

00   o  o 

CN    ©  00 

co  o  co 


lO    O    0* 

ffi    O    lO 

•  >o 

CO 

06  o  cjq 

t~    »0    <N 

b.  co^  •>. 

i-H 

9 

Is    J 

- 

6  "  " 

Ph 
CO 

t"    O    M 
i(5    i£5    N 

>Q    M    S 


*o  o 
e*  co 
o 


O     rH 
CM    b- 

>o 


05  d  © 
^  O  00 
00    O    CO 


9 


*8 


.    © 

•    o3 

P 

-H      Pi 

O  ,q 

+i      00 


02  K 

-c  -d 

c3    o3 

QQ«jc3 


S 


*  «s  3 

&C  ^  ts 
3  45  O 


on     o 

2  a 


bo  co 


Pi  O 
O    © 

o  S 


2  *- 

q  © 

d  d 

o  CM 


•  ..>  . 

o 
„  d    ' 

■     Ph  .O       . 

Ill 

^  *h  5 

.sir 

&    °  -s 

Bf§ 

O  - 


H  S 


«H    OS 


W5    O 

£:  ° 

o   O 


« 

O 
H 

co 
O 

o 

3 
o 

Hi 

o 

« 
o 


hi  8 

S  3 

w  M 

m  © 

3  8 

B  5 


ft 

M 

O 

w 

pq 


ft 


CO   o  o 

©s  ©  q 

2  ©  © 

tH    io  o 

OS    CO  iO 


:  -  co 


"*  o   o 

co  o  q 

o6  d  d 

»-<  J-O    o 

oo^  co   »o^ 

OiT  r-T  f-T 


o 


■*  o 

»o 

CO    o 

"*. 

OS    © 

d 

CO 

r-^  ©        . 

•-i 

cq  io"     ' 

00 

K3   esq      * 

cq 

3 

os 


O^     .£3 

O 


« 


© 


o3 


•      n>  °0 

d  ° 

©  d 
'    bD  f* 

•    &  B 

o3  d 

co    ©  o 

JH     .Q  «H 

,3  «H 


167 


g 

o 
t-3 
o 
o 

S3 

Pn 

o 
o 

Pn 
o 

a 
p 

0 


I 

8 

* 

&H 


o 

iH 

o 

o 

o 

CO 

CO 

o 

OS 

CO 

os 

«* 

1—1 

co 

© 

CO 

1— 1 

© 

© 

os 

CO 

© 

to 

CO 

H< 

CO 

q 

•-J 

© 

© 

co 

d 

d 

co 

CO 

d 

CO 

bl 

»o 

OS 

** 

iO 

o 

»-l 

CO 

o 

o 

«o 

<N 

o 

b- 

b- 

o 

CO 

OS 

o 

U5 

OS. 

© 

o^ 

b- 

CO 

o 

■«* 

o 

CO 

^H 

IQ 

I— 1 

OS 

co 

t>r 

© 

o 

»o 

t-T" 

o 

00 

os 

»0 

b- 

t- 

t- 

OS 

OS 

OS 

>o 

lO 

lO 

o 

rH 

€©= 

cn 

r-i 

r-t 

o 
o 

t- 

K5 

CO 
CO 

o 
o 

es 

o 

co 

CO 

© 
© 

CO 
b- 

co 

OS 

«# 

CO 

GO 
CO 

o 

o 
o 
fe- 

o 
o 

b- 

o 
o 

•O 

CO 

©  t-  © 
©  »o  t- 

b-    CO    CO 


b-  co  co  ■** 

co  co  q  io 

cq  co  o  co 

o  «*  >-<  »o 

CO    CO  ^  <N 

co' 


m 


H 

d. 

N 
b 


O 


ft 


cn  co  o  o  50 

»-i  CO  O  O    "* 

io  co  d  d  o 

co  co  o  o  o 

co  O  c^  b-    CO 

-^  co"  c<r  c<r 


<N    CO    © 
O    ""*<    i-i 

co   co  ^ 


-  g  a 

»  s  £ 

»h  fe  a 

<D  ^  S 

G  £3  *-• 

M  <5  "H 


1°*    d 

•Sh  cJ 

>     =Ss      W 

J$      OS 
^      CO 

1 


o 

co 

o 

O 

o 

CO 

o 

CN 

ft 

o 

o 

CO 

o 

XO 

on 

o 

o 

m 

o 

OS 

on 

o 

o 

CO 

»o 

O 

OS 

o 

o 

IQ 

os 

O 

t^ 

o 

o 

IO 

os 

OS 

os 

IO 

IO 

O  ®    iH 

o  q  co 

d  d  co 

©  *-  «o 

O  ""^   OS 

©  °o  co 


OS  ■*  ^H  "* 

■**  co  q  co 

io  os  ■>*  »— < 

o  co  os  co 

CO  -*  XO  OS 

io  b^  t-T  co" 


O    » 

«h    .2 

CO 


•  s 

.    G 


o     cu 

-G        CD 

3>  w 


pq 


-  i— I    "o 
O    ^-1      Ph 


<3 

<^ 
o 

g 

© 

i— i 


o 

7* 

■iH 

DQ 

hn 

cs 

03 

<^ 

^-^ 

o 

o 

N 

© 

cfl 

^ 

Q0 

hu 

o 

rO 

02 

u 

o5 
bC 

o 
© 

<l 

<J0 

•El    b-  •  O 

&p         ft  o 

<^  +?    c8  *h 

°  tU  A. 

Fh    cS     .  os  0 

O    03  co  3     ^ 

168 


© 


5 


Jn    OS 
©   «o   ^ 

S  M  p 


T)    OS 


,2  ^  >s  © 

•a  >,  ©  S 

r?     2   B   'S 

Ph    fl  ."S  J? 

fl  ^1  ^  ™ 

*£*  s 

cj    o8    08 
^a  t1  t1 

c     U     U     ■« 
oS    03    03  |-3 


CO 

I 


O    <N 
O    b- 

O    CO 


«5  W  «) 
IO  CO  CO 
CO    CO    CO 


•-H     CO 
CO    <N 


d  ° 

O    O 

co   o 


H 

■* 

»o 

<M 

»0 

©q 

CO 

R 

€fc= 

CO 

eq^ 

CO* 

fc 

<1 

5 

H 

5 

3 

o 

O 

Ph 

„ 

i-4 

CO 

*■ 

O 

S 

fa 
o 

i-H 

»o 

« 

o 

IO 

OS 

< 

"* 

<N 

-* 

t)H     iH     h- 

lO    CO    iO 

»o  »o 


o  = 


OS 

os 

rH 

8 

o 
o 

OS 

cq 

CO 

o 

Ki 

t~ 

i— i 

CO 

t~ 

cq 

OS 

(M 

i-H 

eq 

CO 

CO 

rH 

rH 

H 

fa 

- 

H 

fa 

CO 

fa 

Ph 
CO 

- 

p\ 
!7> 

o 
o 

00 

o 
I— 1 

o 

«* 
t- 

o 

o 

CO 

OS 

os 

o 
o 

«9 

I— 1 

CO 

b- 

IO 

1—1 

CO 
CO 

CO 

co 

CO 

o 

co 

o 

O  N  N  05 
^  *  N  «D 
rH     O  <M 


£      PI 

go  m 


s  a  o 


OS 


o  »o 

O     CO 
O    iO 


CO     OS 

CJ     CO 

o>     p. 


O  CD  O  O  O 

t>-  O  iO  rH  rH  OS 

t-  O  UJ  ifl  iO  iO 

CO  O  IO  CO  CO  CO 

co  ©  co  co  co  cq 

CO*  H  »  l>  N 

■*  Cq  ^  •«*< 


>»^ 


© 

o 


H 


fa 
>s 

is 

o  © 

WW 


5- 

en    rH 


/t-v  SO  CO 

CO    ^o  CO 

CO    22  CO 

co  ,"H  — ■ 


d 


rH     -H 


o 

W  ^.2  2 

*    *    g    fi 


w  9  * 

bD    O  O 

.a  s  s 

S  j§  £ 

•3  -3  " 


M  O  h 

W  O  fa 

>s  >>  >>  g 

73  d  d  -g 

O  O  O  O 

■S  £  -8  * 

co  co  co  © 

©  ©  CD  {i, 

Ph]  ^  P-4  f3H] 


o  co  o 

CO  rH  O 

rH  **  © 

r-i  CO  O 

cq  rH  © 

©~  t-h"  io" 

CO  rH 


CO  CO    CO 

CO  t-     CO 

3         cq   co 


o 

OS 


5     !r* 


• 

Ph 

M 

„ 

fa 

^~N 

o 

OS 

d 

00 

© 

o      • 

=3" 


§w 


^    O 

rH     ^  ' 

d  o 

©  GO      • 

S*  • 

c8    o      . 

s-i  : 
s^  • 

o  o 

S  Si 

Co    X   co 

OQ    rQ     rH 

02  Ph 


c3 

rd 

bD 

d 


h    .« 


•_S  +=>  c2 

■*2  +3  ** 

d  o  « 

r  0<H 

W  b 


2«o 


m       .a< 


00     CO 

O     OS 
tH     CO 


ITS 

OS 

o 

fc- 

OS 

t~ 

co 

CO 

co 

o 

CO 

OS 

co 

I— 1 

CN 

OS 

»^ 

o 

-* 

<o 

c<» 

lO 

o 

CO 

o 

t- 

co 

us 

CO 

CO 

CO 

Id 

OS 

,— 1 

CXI 

rH 

<M 

CD 

CO 

t^ 

co 

<N 

o 

CO 

iQ 

CO 

t~ 

CM 

CO 

o 

^ 

OS 

CD 

CO 

CO 

t- 

<M 

IQ 

CO 


o  ©  £- 
o  ©  co 

©     QD     CD 


e<  *» 


o 

4©= 

os  co   e* 

CO    O    <M 
CO    -^ 
C*T   iH 

M 

O 

co  co  O 

2 

*  i  z 

CD 

CD    O    OS 
"*   i-l   o 

o 

-*     O    <M 

r-l     <M     <M 

»o    w^  ^  ^ 


o 

03 

„ 

(13 

«H 

o 

— ( 

O     t 

^H 

«5     05     ® 

^r^   ° 

0 

CO 

»o    OS    o 

$0i    c 

rs 

CO 

CD     CD     OS 

•8^   i 

rs 

H 

o 

OS 

CO    <jq     lO 
«o    H    CO 

D 

CO 

ft 

5 

^J  ' 

-t 

r 
c 

S 

o 

H 

S 

.2 

o 

03 

O 

o 

lestine,    ,    . 

§ 

pi 

03 

GO 

3 

a 

a  & 

CJD 

O 
Pi 
Q 

OQ 

2 

GO 

pi 

3 

Cuneifo 
tions  in 

§ 

<^-\ 

'-3 

'■jj 

O 

9 

CN 

OS 

1 

03 

CO 

Pi 

a 

CO 

•ft     M 

~  o  H 

<u    o  7 

+3 

o 

o 

fl    £  «2 

3 

«H 

4H 

J  «S  » 

o 

00 

00 

C5      -+J      u 

0) 

=H 

*H 

,Q    <(H     <H 

w 

S    S 

o  o 

< 

s 

8  -   -   -   - 

©  -    -     -     - 


co    co    o    »o    co    i— I 

h  io  io  m  o  tc 

O     ^     H     CO     >>     N 


O     ITS     CO     CD 
^H     CO     t-    <M 


OS 

-  o 

2  *• 
~g 

a  a  a 

pi  pi  5 
03  03  5> 
«B       00       QD 

Pi  Pi  p3 
S    S    ^ 

o    o    <y 

'S  '2  '3 

lis 

U  U  t-t 
03  03  0) 
O     O    O 


■s  •  a 


2      £j     -H 


o 

fl    o 


■-I.    hn         cu 


o 
t»  ^4  O 


^  3 

^   o   o 
o   ©   o 


170 


t-  O    MS  O  O  b- 

CO  O    «D  00  O  co 

»0  »j3    OS  CI  O  W5 

©  t^   co  co  o  co 

"*  CO  i-l  O  OS 

O  10  irT  ©~  co" 

**5  H  H  85  CO 


on 

tH 

00 

00 

co 

CO 

oo 

G<) 

<* 

t— t 

o 

•o 

■* 

m> 

CO 

•   O    CO 

»c   © 

•    t>-    <?q 

t>-    O 

co* 

CO 

'  co  co 

**   ui 

•  t>-  co 

o  >o 

.  co   co 

t>    CO 

3 

4& 

r-T 

»— I     CO* 

CO 

!^ 

M 

H 

ft 

~      - 

~     ~ 

02 

d 

ft   „ 

-    - 

S 

be 

-   3 

o 
ft 

-    - 

-  ^ 

o 

CO 
OS 

•  OS    •«* 

•  00     OS 

CO    O 

co 

CO 

.'  co    b-' 

.    OS     i-l 

CO    t- 

ft 

t~ 

.    00     00 

»©  © 
o  o 
o  o 


00 

o 

h- 

o 

00 

t~ 

o 

CO 

»o 

-* 

OS 

t- 

CO  &* 

ft 
p 

tt  • 

s  s 

3  -2 


O    CO 
©    CO 

Wi* 

CO 

© 


00 


o  ©  co 

.    ©  ©  CO 

*0     tH    <->  O  CO 

co   co  o  o  co 

CO^          o  © 


II 

CM 


5 


OS    CO    t» 

©     T*     rH 


«5    O    CO 
U5    o 

CO    W5    OS  1>I  o    OS 

3    »>   ©  ^  oo    CO 

"tfj.  »  H  O     «3 

co  io"  cT  00 


Sa       «  -2  £  fi 

o  o 


lO 


rH    CO    00 


o 
o 

CD 

OS 

o 

CO 

CD 

oo 

OS 

00  ^-C 

!8   °o 

22  « 

v,  oo 


p  13 

V  fa 


OX)  £ 

OX)  *C      >      ri 

8   J  W    h    fl 

■  S-BI-5 

>  H  S  £  5 


ft 

; :*  : 

os    o     . 

'  r1  a 

o'E  • 

$3  • 

t>  a  ' 

7?  S  £ 

©ob 

©  4^    §, 

W  3 


^  a^ 

•g  g 

O  ta 

00  P" 


a  ^ 

g  bJO 

<H  OX) 

OQ  O 


&c  p 
p    ca 

ft     <D 


P     O) 
ft   ^ 


•T!    p 
171 


o 

<D 

>»    • 

a 

ft 

ft 

o     • 
o 

p 

en 

«H 

w 

o 

hn 

P 

OS       . 

^ 

pp 

a 

o       . 

ert 

p 
ft  -r 

H 

,     o 

£   ° 

o 

O     w 

=+H 

<H     PR    <H 


42 
6 

00 

i-H 

r— 

of 

CO 

1 

c 

>0 

rf 

rH 

OS 

>S 

€£= 

^r^ 

c© 

«o 

i—l 

-* 

rK 

lO 

H^ 

t~ 

OS 

co 

«0 

o 

CO 

QOi 

© 

«C 

rH 

t-- 

CO 

co 

rH 

»o 

!>; 

cs 

CO 

o 

1— t 

1 

a^ 

os" 

co 

oo 

co 

co 

co 

CO 

W5 

CO 

CO 

CO 

d 

«* 

"IT  - 

«5 

o 

CO 

lO 

^ 

00 

lO 

»o 

t- 

U5 

CO 

o 

O 

§£ 

co^ 

»o       ©^ 

» 

CO^          HO 

o 

"t 

CO 

CO 

«o        o^ 

e$i 

1 

•?«o 

05 

cT 

o 

oo 

r- 

1Q 

rH~ 

o 

CO 

nT 

o 

CO 

ft,  g 

m 

rH 

00 

i— t 

rH 

CO 

rH 

• 

* 

V 

j 

v 

• 

gf 

• 

<§ 

:  1 

rH 

oc 

o 

l> 

t- 

CO 

CN 

CO 

CO 

cc 

O 

w 

rH 

rH 

co 

© 

IQ 

cq 

00 

o 

CO 

CN 

rH 

o 

o 

t- 

to 

Ir- 

© 

c<i 

rH 

CO 

d 

H^ 

»o 

d 

d 

cc 

i-i 

** 

CO 

o 

r— 1 

OS 

C5 

t^ 

H^ 

CO 

«3 

rH 

b- 

oq 

rH 

«c 

CO 

CO 

CO 

ta 

°1 

CO 

04 

»o 

r-t 

<H 

€6 

CO 

4©= 

CO 

-to 
1?" 

>< 

s 

^ 

- 

- 

► 

W 

- 

- 

- 

JJ 

- 

- 

3 

Bl 

^ 
g 

u 

P 
CC 

H 

d 

4 

H 

6 

e 

ft 
CO 

co 

£ 

^ 

S 

- 

z 

2 

^ 

^ 

P 

H 

- 

= 

- 

2 

= 

2 

- 

O 
W 

CO 

Ph 
oo 

oc 

cc 

CO 

t^ 

CO 

P5 

CO 

CN 

CO 

co 

cc 

O 

CN 

• 

o 

© 

cc 

cc 

t-. 

lO 

rH 

^ 

CC 

c 

CO 

Ol 

o 

c 

o 

P3 

OS 

t> 

cc 

CO 

C<] 

CO 

g 

CC 

c 

H^ 

»o 

c 

d 

CC 

• 

:; 

*C 

cc 

cc 

Ui 

rH 

o 

C5 

t- 

HH 

CO 

lO 

rH 

o 

£§ 

iC 

rH 

* 

<* 

CC 

CO 

r25 

co 

CO 

04 

»o 

• 

'  - 

co 

60 

^ 

ti 

Ph 
i— i 

M 

w 

Ph 

i^ 

: 

8 

• 

• 

r-5 

* 

• 

; 

• 

^ 

00 

ffi 

FH 
a 

-u 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

r- 1 

H 

cc 

a 

F- 

M 

r- 

: 

T* 

2 

— •- 

cc 

cc 

rH 

H1 

a 

t> 

OS 

CO 

cc 

O 

co 

" 

cr 

"^ 

cc 

»> 

O 

cc 

t-; 

tI 

Ifi 

(>• 

04 

cc 

O 

rH             ^ 

l> 

2 

CC 

T— 

»o 

cr 

CO 

»c 

CO 

CO 

cc 

d 

rf 

'         !TJ 

• 

a 

5 

C 

cc 

C5 

■rl- 

CO 

CC 

lO 

t^ 

>o 

cc 

o 

o 

0" 

°! 

IC 

« 

rH 

cr. 

CO 

1C 

lO 

CO 

CO 

cc 

o. 

« 

1^ 

^     <M 

c 

CT 

ccT 

y— 

HO 

C 

r— 

cr 

CC 

CO 

-* 

cT 

rH 

CO 

£  ^ 

»r 

^ 

5 
& 

PI 

p 

l-l 

1       . 

o 

■ 

CO 

&  • 

13 

'  Q  ' 

•  .s« 

B 

^ 

0) 

a 

o 

n  p 

© 

1 

"3 
o 

CO 

Pi 

.rt 

• 

■  a  • 

^3 
1  £ 

CO 
CO 

rH 

o 

c3      . 

a 

u    • 
cp) 

d    • 

PQ 

CJ 
0) 
Fh 

PH 

OS      • 

&  • 

r 

1  c 

< 

o    c8    . 

• 

02 

CQ 

d 

3 

© 

d  ■ 

:|: 

r^h 

-i- 
| 

s 

a 

i 

CB 

M 
03 

0) 

CO 

B 

o 

w 

02^ 

■  hi 

. 

S  ft 
2  ©   * 
^^    . 
-d  02 

§  d : 

,ry  Gift  ( 
Billing 
(1903), 
the  ClaJ 

OS 

a  • 

3   • 

3  . 

02    . 

o 

a 

u 

d 

!enry  P.  "Walcott  (190 
ift  of  Mrs.  Albert  J. 
memory  Theodore  My 

Cf 

+■ 
P 

s 

< 

o 

o- 

© 

. 

E 

&--S 

u 
o     . 

«H 

.     rrj       . 

n 

>  ftrH 

>  ©  05 

<     m  >H 

PC 

IS 

a 

a 

•r- 

2 
- 

3 

r- 
CT 

MS 

> 
a 

Ha 

05 

CO 

I— 1 

Iph  H.  Sh 
Iph  Hami 

ial  (1898),. 

CC     -^3 

n  © 
3  -S 

H       ® 

a  l 

oo" 

05 

00 

rH 

T3     * 

rd 

© 

02 

si 

C 

rd 

v_ 

^rd^ 

^^ 

OS    OS   ^ 

43  o 

^S 

03  v^ 

©^  n^ 

h! 

Ph 

111 

«rt 

Srt 

N 

£ 

W 

^ 

m  o 

172 


CD 

oo 

i— 1 

o 

»> 

CO 

o 

t> 

JO 

co 

CM.  b- 

t^ 

■"# 

"«* 

© 

"* 

f-H 

co  t* 

eo 

OS 

t^ 

■^ 

CO 

CO 

<m!  -* 

CD 

CO 

i-H 

00 

tH 

co 

l>-  CO 

CN 

os 

OS 

l> 

co 

00 

CD  <N 

« 

"*L 

S3 

eo 

"* 

-** 

Hi  <N 

co" 

rH 

€©= 

1-1 

33= 

CD  O  <M 
»H  CO  O 
©    -*    tH 


•  b- 

•   ;  co 

o 

o 

•8    ' 

•  o 

•  o 

•  o 

©~ 
o 

CO 

ei 

«» 

Ph 

CO 

& 

CO 

d 

>. 

o 

M 

d 

<# 

O 

c8 

CO        N 

~ 

t3 

ft 

Q 

« 

S  FUN 
$143.30 
186.01 
220.97 
667.46 
747.14 

O  CXJ  CO  «>    °° 

©  co  cd  ©  °9 

H   jo 

CO     » 

o 
q 

CO  ©  CO  rH     b- 
CO  »-l  iH    'H 

8  * 

© 
o 
© 
<d 

CO 

o 

<    .    .    .    .   . 

"»     . 

P5 

co 

i-5 

O     * 

• 

o 

• 

rM         • 

Interest  . 
<< 

Gift  Cap. 
Interest  . 

o 

S 

tg 

d 

M 

Other  rec 
Interest  . 
<< 

B  * 

4h 

3 

O  co   co   co 

t» 

O    CX| 

os 

H     ©    ^     UJ 

CO 

IS     rH 

o* 

"**    <N    C<J    CO 

c<i 

^  © 

rH 

£-    OS     OS    «* 

CO 

CO    <M 

-* 

•>-    CO     O    -* 

rH     <N 

"* 

0|   CO    "*    CO 

iO 

oT  CO 

rH 

1  A  ^" 

co  co 

co   co   £   OS 

r~i     1-4     ~* 


3 


*H  CO  ^  CD  t*« 

CO  lO  10  lO  U3 

CO  CO   CO  CO  CO 

rH   rH    rH   rH  pH 

o 


©q   »o 

rH     rH 
OS     OS 


CO  -tf 
iO  CO 
CO  CO 


°S     3     S 


Ph 


O  CO 


o   ^ 
co  co 

•     •  © 

'.        <N*    CO 

O     CO 

CO      T-( 

^  d 

•  o 

.  to 

cq     • 

M 

H 

Ph 

• 

^     CO 

p\ 

,d 

CO 

*H 

d 

r>> 

°3 

-      c3 

»H 

^ 

.    JO 
.    b- 

JO 

.    CO 

co 

CO 

.    CO 

q 

rH 

d 

.'   OS 

d 

*<^ 

o 

»o 

JO 

'.    CO 

GSI 

CO 


CO  CO    -HH 

tH  co   co 

g  2  2  c5  <m* 

jo  q  jo  ^h   S 


I 

*      0) 


bo  -s  2  S  H  _j 

I  §  gSM^   • 

m  o  ej  a)  y 

Pi     w   e3  75  eg 

rl      OS     fl«HRl3 

n  o 

173 


a  .  .2 
8:1 

O   Q    -m 

•"    JrJ      <» 


a  g 

a  ^ 

d 


"^     o 
os    d 

rH      S 


rH 


d  fl  £ 
o  O  O 

fllfi 

^  P  c8  ^S  '3 
£  °  h  ^  I 
O      CUdco 


si  ; 

•>H    .t;    CJ 

d   c^d 

52    o  o 

bo  og 

(L,    «H^ 

o  «-g 
0  S 


So 

.|  CO 


1 


o 

oo 

.    b- 

^ 

o 

r-J 

*    °? 

rH 

8 

© 

us' 

b- 

o 

b- 

.    iH 

© 

o 

c* 

*    CO 

rjT 

Mi 

OS 

•  b- 

CO 

rH 

© 

o 

o 

© 

o  o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

^H 

-* 

2S  © 

co 

o 

o 

»o 

o 

q 

q 

©  o 

q 

q 

q 

q 

■>* 

tJH 

co  »o 

CO 

CO 

q 

csj 

© 

d 

d 

d  d 

d 

d 

d 

d 

d 

d 

d  t>2 

d 

rH 

d 

i-H 

o 

o 

o 

5  o 

o 

»o 

o 

Mi 

b- 

b- 

x*      b- 

-*i 

i— I 

lO 

b- 

°i 

©^ 

>o 

o  o^ 

>o 

©^ 

CO 

CO 

q_ 

0S 

os   t- 

o 

O 

rH 

69 

b^" 

i— 1 

c*T 

co" 

tH     r-T 

rH 

y-{ 

r-T 

co 

CO 

b^  CO 

© 

CO 

oT 

^» 

39= 

5$ 

.     . 

. 

. 

0) 

^3 

/-^-s 

2  S 

*~*~* 

• 

M     fi 

3 

02 

'a 

rH. 

rG 
o 

Xfl 

o   - 

CJ 

rH          ?H 

T3 

2^ 

id 

•  ft 

EC 

g  m 

e3    O 

> 

1 

M  °8 

02 

G     -u 

"o 
O 

~ 

— 

** 

g  Ho  HH  Hpq 

A 

W  f^ 

S    o 

•    b- 

o 

o 
q 

co 

CO 

co 

00 

00 

co 

Ki 

QO 
OS 

d 
o 
b- 

c*T 

d 
us 

CO 

d 
© 
© 

MS 

CO 

OS 

d 

rH 

, 

rH 

oo 

5    Hi 


O 


<^>  2g  3 

.§M  of  «f 

•«»  ^  as  «5 

^^  rH 


#8 

§       rH 


G       +3 

G      GQ 

o     d 

I 


o. 

b- 


■a 


E 

o 

03 
GO 

& 


OS     CO 

CO     CO 

CO     00 

»o   o 

co    o 

Mi     HH 

b- 

rH 

1 

i-H 

.           . 

«4 

/— N 

be 

OS 

G 

00 

■a 

rH 

^-^ 

<u 

T3 

Ph 

5 

OS 

G 

•iH 

o 

pH     r-N 

i— 1    o 

%-3 

G 

G 

o  ^ 

O 

^       rH 

(^ 

^3      OQ 

© 

■  H 

a 

■       >      3 

c 
P 

a 

^ 

c 

>  -i  A 

03 

«     05    o 

o 

O    H 

J 

174 


00 

CO  00 

^ 

OS 

CO 

"* 

CO  iH 

00 

os 

00 

wS 

OS  CO 

OS 

o6 

OS 

CO 

CO  us 

O* 

rH 

b- 

U5 

OS  t- 

"^ 

t^ 

K5 

o 

OS  rH 

co" 

cT 

«r 

OS 

<N 

W5 

rH 

CO 

OS 

to 

00 

»- 

,-H 

-H 

w 

•O 

-n 

h 

«* 

CO 

at 

.— < 

OS 

OS 

o 

o 

H< 

»- 

lO 

OS 

Oi 

CO 

fc" 

t^ 

1— t 

CD 

lO 

OS 

00 

I— 1 

eg 

o 

o 

§ 


CO 
CO 

CO 

00 

o 


CO   J©   o 

eo  w  o 


.  o 

2     o  °  c<i 
o     oo  oo  §3 


S*S*s£s£=f    '■**. 

.  w     .  Cfl     .    •      .    •         °     .  rh  rh 

to  CO     co  ^     ajfl     oq^+5     oq'PP     MWC3 

i^  S'a  s^  a,* H^ 


id  §d  gu  §^  g^  h  ~  eg 

HO  HO  HBHhlH^P^^ 


H 

O 


o 

CO 
OS 

oo 

00 

o 

o 

no 

W3 

CO 
rH 

O 

o 
o 

«5 

O  o 

£  <=> 

©  o 

rH  IO 


CO 


CO     CO 
00     OS 


b-   os   o   O 

^  oo  q  a  o  h 

coostHooousosco 

rH^oscN-«*liO»0<M 
«    N    O"  CO*" 


o  13* 


+3         P<     +3 

GO        Cj        0Q 

2  O    2 


•T3    -J3   «h 

b  £  a  o 


Pn     0)     *s      05 


co 
co 

OS 
CO 

OS 
CO 

os 

rH 
OS 

b 
w 

>> 

a 

o 

w 


°    rH 

co  •§ 

3£ 

2   « 

a  .§ 

rH      S-l 

c3    c3 

r>      r> 

WW 


o 


> 

rH 

C8 

w 

175 


w    & 


£■ 


I 

03 

is 

r— !     r- 1 


00  O 

00        «H 


ce 
o 

rH 

rH 
© 


«o 

42 

oo 

6 

t-^ 

i-T 

eo 

iO 

-* 

•8^ 

OS 
OS 

o 
o 

o 

o 

o 
o 

•    OS 

rH 

3 

00 

© 
o 

.  oo 

So" 

os 

© 

oo_ 

CO 

© 

.  >o 

tr.  «> 

00 

00 

o 
ws 

1-1 

• 

fcl 


.& 


o  o  o 
©  ©  © 

.  o  o  o 
.  ©  ©  o 

o 
© 

CO 
i-H 

•  o  o  o 

•#  ©  ©  © 

d    ffl    N 
©    t>    OS 

CO     ^     ^ 

;6  6  6 

.  o  o  o 
.  os  »o^  csi 

© 

o 
I— 1 

co 
oo 

'.  iO   ©   »o 

•    W    H     CS1 

^r-T 

CO 

CO 

i-T  cq 

M 

- 

.    H  - 

•     •     • 

.     .     • 

ft 

ft  - 

!    K  - 

o 
GO   ^    - 

ft 

6 
q 

CO 

3 

Herb.  . 
hap.Sp. 

• 

Coll. 
Arch 
Law 

-M 

£>° 

-3  a  5 

O    h3    O 

ft 

O 

«3     ~ 
H     ft  - 

O  <J  - 

giSccSS 

00  O    CO 


0    00  ©    ©    o 

S  %o  ©  q  © 

^    ©*  »0    O    tfj 

oo  "i 

co~  -* 


<M 


^         ft     -P 


O    O    M    O    M 


ai     h     » 

«  s  *3 

3  5  b 


-8  S  § 
•3  3  -  8 

^      CO 


£ 

eS 

o 

• 

•c 

«H 

. 

o 

1, 

a 

DC 

S3 

CO 

3 

O 

CO 

1-1 

f 

OS 

v_^ 

a 

O 

<D 

a 

hO 

CQ 

o 

03 

03 

a 

> 

pi 

<i 

03 
02 

i 

03 

i-i 

CD 

ft 

5 

P 

% 

f-H 

Q 

GO 

1 

© 
ft 


§ 


a  *  ^ 

s  --a 

03       .     a 


e  u  -a 


£ 


OS  &Q 

»d  os  o 

■5-c  g 

ft  < 

176 


a 

I  g  §  S1 

^  a  ft  - 

If  °  a 
:  s&ll 

a     H     M     Pi 

•  go  j  a 
SSbb 


CO     tH 

co    <?q 

O    oo 


O    rH 


ft 

- 

6 

2 

<8 

ri 

? 

CO 

o 
© 

OS 

d 

co 

O 

h» 

►h* 

o 
o 

w 

H      Q   d 

H    ^ 

M 

n 

H 
O 

H 

o 
o 

H 
O 

H 
c» 
O 

B 

Ph 

« 
O 
ft 

H 


P 

ft 

*-•  5 

t-     OS 

06    O 

rH 

.2  ^ 

a  g 

*    c3 
P  09 


>o 

I— 1 

, 1 

O 

t^ 

CO 

t> 

t^ 

U5 

w 

d 

H 

t^ 

d 

d 

o 

»o 

t^ 

CO 

CO 

00 

oo 

OS 

CO 

<M 

o 

»o~ 

,-T 

co" 

irT 

en 

CO 

CO 

o 

o 

CO 

o 

<M 

CM 

CO 

1—1 

o 

oo" 

CO 

1-4 

■"* 

<!£■ 

€©= 

CO  "* 
Cq  rH 
b-     CO 


1! 

^d 

•a  * 

9  '3 

§-§ 
.S  ft 


CJ  so 

1  a 

^H  O 

^  d 

03  "■* 

J>  d 

d  cs 

O  ,-H 

0)  p. 

8  .5 

d  fe 


co  co 

d  d 

-2  & 

o  o 


cu    a> 

d  s 


j3    o>    p 


d    d 

&   t3 


177 


Schedule  5,  Part  I 
GENERAL   SUSPENSE 

CREDIT  BALANCES 

June  30,  1921 

July  1,  1920  June  30, 1921 

$5,062.43  Cryptogamic  Herbarium,      $5,852.58 

12,560.99  Gray  Herbarium, 15,241.14 

27,846.21  Summer  Schools, 37,429.02 

13,810,41  Divinity  School, 4,875.09 

92,884.04  Law  School, 96,433.54 

25,862.54  Medical  Courses  for  Graduates, 24,072.16 

36,691.25  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology, 40,754.84 

4,519.89  Peabody  Museum   of    American  Archaeology  and 

Ethnology, 4,293.14 

12,343.39  Germanic  Museum, 14,650.18 

1,716.82  Botanical  Museum, 669.89 

3,436.94  Forestry  Operations  at  Petersham,  Mass., 2,233.17 

2.50  Laboratory  Fees,  Anthropology, 

560.78             "             "      Astronomy, 196.49 

"             "      Botany  (Fernald), 30.00 

32.77             "             "     Cryptogamic  Botany 55.27 

"             "      Botany  (Jeffrey) 33.88 

35.93             "             "      Forestry, 35.93 

738.58             "             "      Geology, 676.58 

.10            u             "      Hygiene  and  Sanitation, .10 

294.33  "  "     Zoology,      

1,612.22  Microscope  Fees,  Medical  School, 1,495.69 

1,361.46  War  Hero  Memorial, 1,429.53 

7,497.00  Harvard  Cooperative  Society  Deposit, 7,497.00 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund,  unrestricted, 32.00 

26,411.85  Foxcroft  House  Fire  Account, 27,608.01 

50,413.41  Dane  Hall  Fire  Account, 52,699.71 

Little's  Block  and  Dunster  Hall 1,025.78 

1,000.00  Estate,  63-65  Broad  St.,      1,000.00 

1,000.00       "        93-101  Arch  St.,      1,000.00 

60.00  Unidentified  dividends, 90.00 


$327,755.84  $341,410.72 


178 




Advances  from  General  Investments  to  : 


Schedule  5,  Part  II 

GENERAL  SUSPENSE 

DEBIT  BALANCES 
June  30,  1921 


$8,687.50  Aids,  general,      $3,125.00 

2,540.00  Amory  Estate, 1,920.00 

School  of  Architecture  and  Landscape  Architecture  .    .       3,383.52 

8,228.36  Botanic  Garden, 10,485.86 

8,708.67  Graduate  School  of  Business  Administration,      ....        8,708.67 

Blue  Hill  Observatory 173.85 

200.00  Bureau  of  Business  Research  —  Retail  Dry  Goods  Re- 
search Eund,   2,805.05 

4,210.52  Bureau  of  Business  Research  —  American  National  Re- 
tail Jewelers' Association,    1,998.90 

823.11  Brewer  Estate,  36-37  South  Market  St., 509.93 

Bussey  Institution, 10,472.98 

52,108.72  Bussey  Trust  (Real  Estate), 48,927.39 

145.62  Classical  Publication  Eund  of  the  Class  of  1856,    . 

6,433.24  Claverly  and  Westmorly  Halls, . .  . 

7,514.57  Committee  on  Economic  Research, 

87,628.98  Dental  School, 126,635.75 

104,020.26  Dental  School  Building, 104,020.26 

602.72  Dept.  of  Education  —  Bureau  of  Vocational  Guidance,      

100.00  Henry  Isaiah  Dorr  Bequest, 

Economics  2  Book  Eund 124.88 

19,122.67  School  of  Engineering 58,597.19 

7,988.76  Estate  128-136  Federal  St., 7,417.26 

13,671.56       "      364-366  Washington  St., 11,413.59 

2,306.79       "       531-535  Washington  St.,     

Gift  for  Flagpole  on  Stadium  in  Memory  of  Dr.  Milton 

Bettman 2,040.17 

458.70  M.  Douglas  Flattery  Prize  Fund, 

Horace  Fletcher  Bequest 100.00 

Fogg    Museum  —  Gifts    for  Museum    Equipment   and 

Emergency  Fund, 599.87 

Freshman  Halls,  expenses  use  Summer  1921,      ....  516.61 

23,162.95  Gerrish  Block, 19,853.95 

1,663.56  Wolcott  Gibbs  Endowment,      567.14 

2,386.88  Graduate  School  of  Education, 2,564.59 

125.00  Harvard  Club  of  Buffalo,      

50.00  "  "       Nebraska,      

150.00  "  "        New  Hampshire  Scholarship,   .    .    .  150.00 

1,708.99  Harvard  Economic  Studies, 2,048.02 

(64,748.13    .    .  Amounts  carried  forward, $429,160.43 

179 


180  GENERAL    SUSPENSE DEBIT    BALANCES 

July  1, 1920  June  30, 1921 

$364,748.13    .    .  Amounts  brought  forward, $429,160.43 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund,  changes  in  Grays  Hall,  .  398.02 

"  "  "      restricted  to  Library,  .    .       5,000.00 

1,234.08  Harvard  Union  Fund 

113.86  "  "      SimesFund     

281.24  «  "      Class  Of  1878  Fund, 

21,583.80  Harvard  University  Press, 45,000.00 

History  I   Book  Fund, 693.94 

100.00  A.  Paul  Keith  Bequest, 100.00 

337.27  W.  Frederick  Kimball  Bequest,      352.27 

Law  School,  Oil  Burning  Equipment,  . 5,865.05 

14,326.98  Medical  School,      30,349.78 

4,063.26  Medical  Power  House  Oil  Burning  Equipment,      

6,914.49  Medical  School,  Gift  of  National  Canners'  Association,      17,196.52 

2,805.74  Old  Boston  Music  Hall  Estate, 

6,255.69  Physical  Laboratory  Endowment, 

200.00  Henry  L.  Pierce  Estate 279.51 

3,740.67  Sachs  Eesearch  Fellowship 5,740.67 

18.58  Mary  It.  S ear le  Fund 51.15 

1.210.63  Richard  Black  Sewall  Bequest 

South  End  House  Fellowship, 89.96 

Summer  Schools,  advance  expenses  of  1921  School,  .   .       5,304.10 

482.47  Ambrose  Talbot  Bequest, 503.45 

1,390.58  John  E.  Thayer  Fund, 

230.00  Walter  It.  Tower  Fund, 240.00 

2,127.94  Townsend  Estate,      

187,915.63  Tunnel  for  steam  pipes  to  College  Buildings, 189,860.49 

16,181.45  Webb  Estate, 26,767.45 

2,166.00  Wiggin  Estate 7,048.64 

7.189.64  Woodland  Hill  Fund, 6,549.12 

2,346.52  Laboratory  Fees,  Chemistry,      3,705.78 

Library  Funds : 

82.88  Francis  James  Child  Memorial 

Price  Greenleaf 1.19 

18.60  Francis  Parkman  Memorial 

31.07  Sales, 

799.00  Evert  Jansen  Wendell  Fund, 

492.00  Special  Gifts  for  Expenses  of  the  Library 


$649,388.20 $780,257.52 


Schedule  6 
UNIVERSITY 
INCOME    AND    EXPENDITURE 
Eor  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 
Income  of  the  following  Funds  : 

Anonymous  No.  2, $1,635.20 

Band  Music,      61.72 

Caroline  M.  Barnard  Bequest  (part),  ....  2,462.99 

J.  Arthur  Beebe  Bequest  (part), 8,662.93 

S.   Parkman  Blake  and  Robert  Parkman 

Blake  Memorial, 2,700.00 

Charlotte  F.  Blanchard, 1.56 

Samuel  D.  Bradford, 283.50 

Godfrey  L.  Cabot, 540.00 

John  W.  Carter, 24.95 

David  L.  P.  Chase  Bequest, 20.14 

Eund  of  the  Class  of  1842, 8.42 

Class  of  1881,      6,204.54 

1882,      5,400.00 

1888,      5,529.00 

1889,      5,349.00 

1890, 4,989.15 

1891,      5,400.00 

1892,      3,500.00 

1893,      4,968.49 

1894,      5,018.32 

1895,      5,130.00 

1895,    in  memory   of   George    C. 

Christian,     270.00 

Class  of  1896, 2,845.64 

1899,      3,194.86 

John  Coggan, 81.00 

Edwin  Conant, 57.35 

Thomas  Cotton, 8.42 

John  Cowdin, 236.80 

George  B.  Dorr, 233.95 

George  Draper, 96.70 

Charles  Church  Drew, 6,348.41 

R.  H.  Eddy, 113.02 

Harvard  Ellis, 5,466.15 

William  Everett, 299.48 

Richard  W.  Foster, 220.37 

John  Davis  Williams  French, 326.74 

Amount  carried  forward, $81,376.06 

181 


182 


UNIVERSITY  (continued) 
INCOME 

Amount  brought  forward, $81,376.06 

Income  of  the  following  Funds  (continued) . 

George  A.  Goddard  Bequest, 56.97 

John  C.  Gray, 48.35 

Samuel  S.  Greeley  Bequest, 54.00 

Henry  Harris  (h  income), 808.36 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund  unrestricted 

(part), 331,840.50 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund  in  memory  Francis 

Lowell  Gardiner  Class  of  1862, 540.00 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund  in  memory  of  Wil- 
liam S.  Coggin '16, 20.04 

Harvard  Foundation  for  Exchanges  with  French 

Universities, 1,937.30 

Walter  Hastings, 1,520.26 

Henry  L.  Higginson, 59.39 

Thomas  Hollis, 28.08 

John  W.  Houston, 108.00 

Thomas  Hubbard, 54.00 

Nathaniel  Hulton, 23.98 

Thomas  Hutchinson, 12.58 

George  Baxter  Hyde, 270.00 

Insurance  and  Guaranty, 12.50 

Leonard  Jarvis, 33.38 

A.  Paul  Keith  Bequest  (part), 3,262.19 

Joseph  Lee, 20.28 

Morris  Longstreth  Bequest, 1,274.94 

Henry  T.  Morgan, 52.43 

Thomas  G.  Mower, 1,766.38 

Israel  Munson, 31.19 

William  S.  Murphy  (part), 2,022.88 

Henry  S.  Nourse  (part), 678.86 

Francis  E.  Parker, 226.31 

George  F.  Parkman, 1,350.00 

President's, 3,488.24 

Daniel  Russell, 81.76 

Richard  Black  Sewall, 996.79 

Lawrence  E.  Sexton  Bequest, 44.12 

Archibald  L.  Smith  Bequest, 34.61 

G.  E.  Walter  Ullrich  Memorial, 152.66 

William  F.  Weld, 202.76  $440,802.89 

Gifts  for  Trees  : 

Gift  Robert  L.  McCook,  interest, 23.65 

Gift  for  purchase  of  painting,  "The  Three  Philosophers,"  1,450.00 

Gift  for  general  expenses, 624.61        2,098.26 

Amount  carried  forward, $442,901.15 


183 


UNIVERSITY  (continued) 
INCOME 

Amount  brought  forward,      $442,901.15 

Alumni  Directory  Office  : 

Receipts  for  work  done, $1,406.01 

Gift  for  expenses, 500.00    $1,906.01 

War  Records  Office : 

Receipts  for  work  done,      6.75 

Care  of  the  Sarah  "Winslow  Fund, 6.50 

Use  of  houses  by  College  officers, 806.67 

Sale  of  Annual  Catalogue, ...  401.07 

Sale  of  Quinquennial  Catalogue, 781.26 

Sale  of  other  publications, 46.35 

Sale  of  paper,  wood,  junk,  etc., 390.93 

Insurance,  President's  House, 600.00 

Unpaid  checks  credited,      456.26 

Rent  of  38  Quincy  St., 900.00 

Rent  of  Randall  Garage, 14.00 

Varsity  Club,  share  of  1919-20  expenditures  by  Uni- 
versity,    388.51 

Harvard  Union,  operating  surplus  1919-20  and  1920-21,  326.06        7,030.37 

$449,931.52 
Received  from  accumulated  income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  to  cover 

deficits  of  restricted  income, $550.00 

$450,481.52 

EXPENDITURE 

Administrative  Expenses. 
Corporation  Office  : 

Rent,  heat  and  light, $686.29 

Board  of  Overseers  : 

Salaries, $500.00 

Services  and  wages, 11.20 

Reports  of  President  and  Treasurer,      6,420.28 

General  printing, 543.53 

Stationery,    postage,   telephone    and 

telegraph,      65.37 

Auditing  Treasurer's  accounts,      .    .  300.00 

Advertising  (meetings,  etc.),    .    .    .  52.60 

Sundry  expenses, 30.25      $7,923.23 

President's  Office  : 
Salaries  : 

President,      $11,364.45 

Secretary  to  the  Corporation,    .    .      3,719.66 

Services  and  wages, 4,164.82 

Equipment  and  supplies, 275.96 

Printing, 819.24 

Amounts  carried  forward,  .      $20,344.13      $8,609.52 


184 


UNIVERSITY  (continued) 
EXPENDITURE 

Amounts  brought  forward,  $20,344.13     $8,609.52 
Administrative  Expenses  (continued). 

President's  Office  (continued)  : 

Stationery,    postage,   telephone   and 

telegraph, 1,020.58 

Sundry  expenses, 104.84      21,469.55 

Secretary's  Office : 

Salary, $3,500.00 

Services  and  wages, 2,249.44 

Equipment  and  supplies, 712.03 

Stationery,  postage,  telephone,  etc.,  528.61 

Printing, 657.84 

Travelling  expenses, 165.02 

Sundry  expenses,      57.93        7,870.87 

Regent's  Office : 

Salary, $1,000.00 

Sundry  expenses, 63.74        1,063.74 

Office  of  Medical  Adviser  : 

Salary, $5,500.00 

Services  and  wages, 1,000.00 

Sundry  expenses, 204.38        6,704.38 

Office  of  Purchasing  Agent : 

Salary  and  expenses, 1,950.98 

Treasurer's  Office  : 
Salaries  : 

Treasurer, $9,000.00 

Other  salaries,      5,300.00 

Services  and  wages, 2,659.25 

Rent,  heat  and  light 2,745.15 

Office  supplies  and  expenses,     .    .    .  966.17 

Safe  deposit  vaults, 1,250.00 

Dues  of  National  Association  Owners 

of  Railroad  Securities, 400.00      22,320.57 

Salary  of  Comptroller, 4,166.68 

Bursar's  Office  : 
Salaries  : 

Bursar, $5,000.00 

Assistant  Comptroller, 4,000.00 

Services  and  wages, 33,529.21 

Equipment  and  supplies, 2,615.08 

Printing, 2,624.06 

Stationery,  postage,  telephone,  etc., .  2,713.72 

Auditing  accounts, 1,200.00 

Mercantile  Agency,      1,617.00 

Heat  and  caretaking, 1,422.09 

Changes  in  office, 548.37 

Amounts  carried  forward,  $55,269.53  $74,156.29 


185 


UNIVERSITY  (continued) 

EXPENDITURE 

Amounts  brought  forward,    $55,269.53  $74,156.29 

Administrative  Expenses  (continued) . 
Bursar's  Office  (continued)  : 

Insurance  premium  on  surety  bonds,  125.00 

Repairs, 131.89 

Sundries, 485.38      56,011.80 

Inspector  of  Grounds  and  Buildings  : 

Salary, $8,000.00 

Services  and  wages, 7,664.81 

Office  supplies  and  expenses,     .    .    .  1,110.83 

Professional  services, 1,200.00 

Automobile  service, 1,320.00 

Chief  Engineer's  Office,  services  and 

expenses,    . 2,877.89 

Head  Carpenter,  services, 2,580.00 

Sanitary  Inspector's  Salary,  ....  600.00 

Care  of  Grounds,      20,092.20 

Trees  and  Shrubs, 6,631.57 

$52,077.30 
Less  amounts  received  for  superin- 
tendence,      655.67     51,421.63 

Second  Assistant  Comptroller : 

Salary, $2,333.33 

Office  supplies  and  expenses,     .    .    .         348.85 

Head  Janitor, 2,896.78 

Assistant  Janitor, 1,894.00 

Janitor's  Office  supplies  and  expenses,    1,134.85 

Watchmen's  Wages, 10,489.10     19,096.91  $200,686.63 

Appropriations  to  Departments, 145,911.80 

Special  Academic  Activities. 

Salary  of  Dean  of  University  Extension, $375.00 

General  Expenses : 

Dues    to    Association    of    American 

Universities, $40.00 

Contribution  to  American  Council  of 

Education,      .    .    . 500.00 

Expenses  of  Exchange  Professor,  600.00        1,140.00        1,515.00 

Records  and  Publications. 
Annual  Catalogue : 

Printing  and  supplies, $12,893.19 

Publication  Office : 

Salary, $1,666.67 

Services  and  wages, 961.58 

Sundry  expenses, 968.43       3,596.68 

Amounts  carried  forward, $16,489.87  $348,113.43 


186 


UNIVERSITY  (continued) 
EXPENDITURE 

Amounts  brought  forward, $16,489.87  $348,113.43 

Records  and  Publications  (continued) . 
Quinquennial  Catalogue  : 

Salary, $50.00 

Services  and  wages, 3,314.75 

Printing,  etc., 9,974.86 

Sundry  expenses,      292.94     13,632.55 

Alumni  Directory : 

Services  and  wages, $3,156.71 

Equipment  and  supplies, 229.45 

Stationery,  postage,  telephone,  etc.,  489.89 

Printing, 51.47 

Sundry  expenses, 119.28       4,046.80 

War  Records  Office : 

Services  and  Wages, $6,416.99 

Equipment  and  supplies, 103.52 

Stationery  and  postage, 604.53 

Printing,     .    .  " 577.08 

Sundries, 8.35       7,710.47 

University  Gazette  : 

Expenses, $2,719.67 

Less  sales, 318.32       2,401.35     44,281.04 

Miscellaneous  Expenses : 

Excess  of  Expenses  over  Income. 

Riverside  Estate, $4,165.09 

Charlesbank  Estate, 305.57 

Claverly  Trust, 5,798.69 

Agassiz  Estate,  Quincy  St., 328.57 

Expenses,  Real  Estate,  Lucas  St.,  Boston,   ....  168.70 
Amount  paid  to  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology 

as  income  on  the  Agassiz  Estate,  Quincy  St.,    .    .  2,160.00 

Maintenance  of  sundry  buildings,  unclassified,     .    .  5,212.37 

To  create  Reserve  for  Changes  in  Electric  Service,  20,000.00 

Interest  on  Yard  Heat  Tunnel  advances, 9,395.78 

Replacement    of  Apparatus    at    Hemenway  Gym. 
occasioned  by  use  of  building  by  U.  S.  Naval  Radio 

School,  . 108.00 

Legal  Services, 300.44 

Services  of  Head  Guide, l.r>0.00 

Delivery  Service, 498.25 

Motor  Trucks : 

Expenses, $5,801.81 

Less  charges  for  work  done,      .    .    .      5,024.38  777.43 

Commencement  Exercises, 1,283.31 

Amounts  carried  forward, $50,652.20  $392,394.47 


187 


EXPENDITURE 

Amounts  brought  forward, $50,652.20  $392,394.47 

Miscellaneous  Expenses  (continued)  : 

Honorary  Degrees  and  Cases, 257.00 

Memorial  Day  Celebration, 62.66 

Entertainment  of  Special  Guests, 81.65 

Pensions, 1,239.00 

Revising  Mailing  Lists  for  President's  Report  and 

Annual  Catalogue, 315.00 

University  Catalogue  in  Spanish, 320.86 

Guide  Books, 411.79 

Charts  —  Distribution  of  Harvard  Students,      .    .    .  424.00 
From  Gift  to  purchase  Painting  ' '  The  Three  Phi- 
losophers,"      2,000.00 

Freight  on  War  Relics  and  Trophies, 48.93 

Pins  for  Nurses  serving  in  Harvard  Unit,      ....  2,072.70 
Repayments  to  U.  S.  Navy  for  Radio  School  Subsist- 
ence Charge, 1,602.10 

University  Printing  Office : 

1919-20  Expenses  paid  in  1920-21, 4,652.85 

Survey  of  Palfrey  Estate,      248.00 

Work  on  Fences, 508.36 

Equipment  and  Supplies, 197.50 

Sundries, 137.67      65,232.27 

$457,626.74 
Less  "  University  Charge  "  prorated  to  Departments,      ....      165,723.56 

$291,903.18 
Restricted  income  not  used  and  added  to  Funds  and  Gifts,     ....  9,300.04 

Income  carried  to  General  Suspense, 32.00 

Surplus  of  general  income,  Schedule  40, 149,246.30 

$450,481.52 


Schedule  7 
COLLEGE 

(Including  the  Graduate  School  of  Arts  and  Sciences) 

INCOME   AND   EXPENDITURE 

For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 


INCOME 

Income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  for  Instruction. 

Alford  Professorship, $1,674.11 

Edward  Atkinson, 2,122.91 

Edward  Austin  (part), $1,554.07 

Austin  Teaching  Fellowships,    .      17,712.50  19,266.57 

John  B.  Barringer, 1,657.10 

Mrs.  Francis  Bo  wen  Bequest,      432.00 

Boylston  Professorship, 1,530.20 

Class  of  1880, 5,598.13 

Class  Subscription, 8,134.45 

Eaton  Professorship, 6,329.83 

Eliot  Professorship, 1,167.48 

Eliot  Professorship  (Jno.  Phillips'  Gift),  .   .  540.00 

Calvin  and  Lucy  Ellis  Aid, 9,485.58 

Erving  Professorship,      189.00 

John  S.  Farlow  Memorial  (part), 1,200.00 

Fisher  Professorship, 2,252.02 

Henry  Flynt  (part),     18.08 

Fund  for  Permanent  Tutors, 876.96 

Gospel  Church  (£  income  used), 528.34 

Gurney,     10,805.24 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund : 

George  F.  Baker  Professorship, 5,400.00 

Salary  Professor  DeWulf,      1.08 

Jonathan  Trumbull  Professorship,     ...  4.16 

Hersey  Professorship  (|  income), 655.03 

Hersey  Professorship  (Thomas  Lee's  gift),  .  1,174.18 

Francis  Lee  Higginson, 22,999.10 

Hollis  Professorship  (Mathematics), 212.87 

Sturgis  Hooper  Professorship, 5,857.75 

John  E.  Hudson  Professorship, 8,440.00 

Abbott  Lawrence  (part) , 1,711.94 

James  Lawrence  (part), 1,410.62 

Henry  Lee  Professorship, 6,739.90 

Thomas  Lee,  for  Keading, 853.04 

Arthur  T.  Lyman, 3,240.00 

Gordon  McKay  Endowment  (part),      ....  9,056.67 

McLean  Professorship, 2,325.40 

Henry  Kemble  Oliver  Fund  (part),   ....  19,141.51 

Amount  carried  forward,  ....  $163,031.25 
188 


189 


COLLEGE  (continued) 
INCOME 

Amount  brought  forward,  .    .    .    .   $163,031.25 

some  of  Funds  and  Gifts  for  Instruction 

(continued) . 

Daniel  H.  Peiree, 829.44 

Francis  Greenwood  Peabody  Fund,  .  .  .  6,410.72 

Perkins  Professorship, 1,191.83 

Pope  Professorship, 2,835.00 

Professorship  of  Latin- American  History  and  Eco- 
nomics (part), 4,500.00 

Nelson  Robinson,  Jr.  Additional, 108.43 

Eliza  O.  and  Mary  P.  Ropes, 5,926.54 

Rumford  Prof essorship, 3,378.56 

Smith  Professorship, 1,249.56 

Teachers'  Endowment : 

Interest  (part), $107,461.24 

Gift, 200.00  107,661.24 

Henry  Villard, 101.38 

Henry  W.  Wales: 

Wales  Professorship  (part), 1,835.16 

Henry  C.  Warren  (part), 3,664.84 

Sylvester  Waterhouse, 684.23 

David  A.  Wells  (part), 4,793.51 

Jerome  Wheelock, 14.69 

Alfred  Tredway  White  (part), 3,667.07 

Morrill  Wyman  Fund  (part), 3,306.47 

Gifts  for  salaries, 6,625.00    $321,814.92 

income  of  Funds  for  General  Purposes. 

John  W.  P.  Abbot  (accumulating) ,    ....  $1,145.23 

Thomas  J.  Allen, 1,625.67 

John  A.  Blanchard, 56.70 

Class  of  1883, 5,400.00 

"          1884, 5,405.40 

1885, 6,039.36 

«          1886, 5,400.00 

1887, 5,400.00 

Edward  W.  Codman, 9,770.41 

George  G.  Crocker, 270.00 

Charles  L.  Hancock  (part), 4,128.64 

Matchett, 17,550.00 

Emily  H.  Moir  Bequest, 969.57 

Trenor  L.  Park, 1,183.41 

Jonathan  Phillips, 1,701.00 

William  M.  Spackman, 135.00 

Henry  Baldwin  Stone  Memorial, 3,300.00 

Amounts  carried  forward, $69,480.39  $321,814.92 


iyo 


COLLEGE  (continued) 
INCOME 
Amounts  brought  forward,      ....    $69,480.39      $321,814.92 
Income  of  Funds  for  General  Purposes  (continued) . 

Edward  "Wheelwright  Bequest, 4,050.00 

Davies  Wilson, 293.65        73,824.04 

Income  of  Fellowship  Funds  and  Gifts  for  Fellowships,    ....  61,846.16 

Income  of  Scholarship  Funds  and  Gifts  for  Scholarships,     .    .    .  89,013.83 

Income  of  Beneficiary  and  Loan  Funds  and  ^Repayments,     .    .    .  75,114.84 

Income  of  Prize  Funds  and  Gifts  for  Prizes, 6,573.43 

Income  of  Sundry  Funds  for  Special  Purposes  : 

Percy  Lee  Atherton  Gift, $590.17 

Botanic  Department  (part)  : 

£  for  Cryptogamic  Herbarium,   .    .     $537.03 

\  for  Laboratories  of  Botany,     .    .       268.51  805.54 

William  H.  Baldwin,  Jr.,  1885, 301.81 

Louise  E.  Bettens, 1,199.39 

Charles  Osmyn  Brewster, 543.94 

Classical  Publication  Fund  of  the  Class  of  1856  : 

Interest, 387.67 

Class  Of  1883  Special, 23.60 

T.  Jefferson  Coolidge,  for  Kesearch  in  Physics,  1,064.83 

Cryptogamic  Herbarium, 253.12 

Ernest  B.  Dane  Fund  in  Physics  : 

Interest, $2,908.49 

Gifts  for  income 2,550.00 

Other  receipts, 1,064.86  6,523.35 

Alexis  Irenee  Du  Pont, 5,798.48 

English  A  Fund : 

Sales  of  publication, $566.43 

Gift, 50.00  616.43 

John  S.  Far  low  Memorial  (part),      4,305.94 

George  A.  Gardner, 306.88 

Wolcott  Gibbs  Memorial, 1,323.92 

Harvard  Economic  Studies : 

Sales  of  publications, 1,931.24 

Harvard  Oriental  Series, 832.03 

History  Book  Fund  (History  1)  : 

Sales  of  publications, 254.71 

Richard  Hodgson  Memorial, 838.46 

Albert  Pairchild  Holden  Bequest,  ....  .16 

Gardiner  M.  Lane  Bequest, 90.13 

Calvin  Stoughton  Locke  Fund, 54.00 

Solomon  Lincoln  Bequest : 

Interest, $722.30 

Sale  of  publications,      101.94  824.24 

Amounts  carried  forward, $28,870.04      $628,187.22 


191 


COLLEGE  (continued) 

INCOME 

Amounts  brought  forward,      .    .    .  $28,870.04      $628,187.22 

Income  of  Sundry  Funds  for  Special  Purposes 
{continued) . 
Joseph  Lovering  for  Physical  Research  : 

Interest, $425.68 

Sale  of  publications,      49.80  475.48 

Mathematics  Book  Fund,  sales  of  publications,    .  17.69 

Maria  E.  McMaster  Bequest, 427.79 

Music  Building  Maintenance  Fund, 2,930.10 

Music  Department,      18.79 

Henry  Kemble  Oliver  Fund  (part),    ....  2,065.00 
Physical  Laboratory  Endowment : 

Interest, $4,050.00 

Gift  for  income, 9,000.00  13,050.00 

Professorship   of    Latin  American    History   and 

Economics  (part), 514.74 

Robert  W.  Sayles, 274.97 

George  William  Sawin, 487.30 

Shaler  Memorial  Fund, 2,198.02 

Henry  Warren  Torrey: 

Interest, $574.24 

Sales, 250.11  824.35 

Cyrus  M.  Warren, 431.46 

Henry  C.  Warren  (part), 3,073.28 

David  A.  Wells  (part), 1,297.97 

Alfred  Tredway  White  Endowment  (part),  1,399.14 
Harvard  Endowment  Fund  (restricted  uses) : 

John  W.  Appel  Loan  Fund, 221.56 

Atkins    Fund   for  Tropical  Ke- 

search  in  Economic  Botany, 4,408.50 

Department  of  Chemistry, 10.80 

"            "           "         Salaries   and   Equip- 
ment,        130.63 

T.  Jefierson    Coolidge,  Department  of 

Chemistry, 540.00 

John  A.  Morris  Memorial, 582.98 

Richard  Hodgson  Memorial, 5.02 

Department  of  Dramatic  Literature, 16.15 

Department  of  Germanic  Languages, .81 

Department  of  Music, 232.58 

William  Reed  Scholarship, 25.70 

Price  Greenleaf  Aid, 8.21 

Scholarship  and  Beneficiary  Money  Returned,  3.56 

Graduate  School  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  ....  .43          64,543.05 

Amount  carried  forward, $692,730.27 


192 


COLLEGE  (continued) 

INCOME 

Amount  brought  forward, $692,730.27 

Sundry  Gifts  for  Special  Purposes  : 

Gifts, $26,327.35 

Interest  and  other  receipts, 22,063.43  48,390.78 

Receipts  from  students. 

Tuition  Fees  —  Regular  Programme  : 

College  Regular,      $412,680.00 

"       Special, 10,694.67 

Unclassified, 55,563.50 

Out  of  Course, 16,660.00  $495,598.17 

Graduate  School  of  Arts  and  Sciences,   .    .       72,770.50 

Radcliffe  students  in  College  courses,    .    .    .         6,000.00 
Tuition  Fees  —  Additional  Courses  : 

College,  Regular, $27,791.22 

Unclassified, 5,175.00 

Out  of  Course,      1,070.00     34,036.22 

Examination  Fees : 

Admission, $3,685.00 

Condition,  make-up  and  advanced 

standing, 1,278.00       4,963.00 

Graduation  Fees, ' 840.00 

Auditor's  fees,      10.00 

Laboratory  Fees  : 

Anthropology, $7.50 

Astronomy, 78.93 

Botany, 177.50 

Chemistry,  Boylston  Hall,     .    .    .    24,140.87 

Chemistry,  Gibbs  Laboratory,  .    .  92.40 

Geology, 38.00 

Mineralogy, 17.50 

Music, 105.00 

Physics, 82.00 

Psychology, 12.50 

Zoology, 30.00     24,782.20 

College  Dormitories :  Hollis,  Stough- 
ton,  Holworthy,  Thayer,  Weld, 
Wadsworth  House,  Walter  Hastings, 

Perkins,  and  Conant, $87,994.09 

Matthews  Hall, 12,830.00 

$90,824.09 
Less  £  net  income  from  Matthews 
Hall,  credited  under  income  of 

Matthews  Scholarship,    .   .          1,182.97     89,641.12 
College  Dormitories  :  Freshman  Halls, 79,666.27        808,307.48 

Amount  carried  forward, $1,549,428.53 


193 


COLLEGE  (continued) 
INCOME 

Amount  brought  forward, $1,549,428.53 

Sundry  Receipts  : 

Sale  of  publications, $424.12 

Duplicate  admission  certificate, 10.00 

Amount  collected  on  termbills  charged  off  in  pre- 
vious years,  165.71 

Duplicate  diplomas, 65.50 

Repayment  of  appropriation  of  1919-20  by  De- 
partment of  Astronomy, 500.00 

Sundries, 31.07  1,196.40 

$1,550,624.93 
Received  from  accumulated  income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  to  cover 

deficits  of  restricted  income,      41,955.92 

Credit  balances  of  laboratory  fees  in  General  Suspense  used,    .    .  723.12 
Overdrafts  against  sundry  funds  and  gifts  carried  to  General  Sus- 
pense,                   5,174,21 

Deficit  of  general  income,  Schedule  40, 279,014.70 

$1,877,492.88 

EXPENDITURE 

From  Fellowship  Funds  and  Gifts, $48,500.00 

From  Scholarship  Funds  and  Gifts, 70,515.22 

From  Beneficiary  and  Loan  Funds  and  Gifts, 34,525.55 

From  Prize  Funds  and  Gifts  for  Prizes, 3,910.90 

For  Scholarships  and  Loans  from  General  Funds. 
Graduate  School  of  Arts  and  Sciences : 

University  Scholarships, $6,500.00 

Appropriation  for  Loan  Fund, 1,500.00  8,000.00 

From  Sundry  Funds  and  Balances  for  Special  Purposes. 

Percy  Lee  Atherton  Gift, $625.00 

Louise  E.  Bettens  Fund, 3,250.00 

Charles  O.  Brewster  Fund,  Department  of 

Music, 500.00 

Classical  Publication  Fund  of  the  Class  of  1856  : 

Harvard  Studies  in  Classical  Philology,  .    .    .  241.65 

T.  Jefferson  Coolidge  for  Research  in  Physics,    1,064.83 

Ernest  B.  Dane  Fund  in  Physics, 1,394.85 

Alexis  Irenee  DuPont  Fund, 3,858.69 

Economics  2  Book  Fund, 359.10 

English  A  Fund, 692.87 

John  S.  Far  low  Memorial,  Cryptogamic  Her- 
barium (part), 2,530.86 

George  A.  Gardner,  for  photographs,  etc.,  for 
the  Department  of  Geology, 378.61 

Amounts  carried  forward,    ....  $14,896.46      $165,451.67 


194 


COLLEGE  (continued; 

EXPENDITURE 

Amounts  brought  forward,  .....  $14,896.46   $165,451.67 

From  Sundry  Eunds  and  Balances  for  Special  Purposes 
(continued) . 

Wolcott  Gibbs  Memorial  Endowment,      .    .    .  1,891.06 

Harvard  Oriental  Series,  publications,    ....  832.03 

Harvard  Economic  Studies, 2,572.08 

History  Book  Fund  (History  1), 1,090.11 

Richard  Hodgson  Memorial, 16.39 

Gardiner  M.  Lane  Bequest, 156.43 

Solomon  Lincoln  Bequest, 582.95 

Joseph  Lovering  Fund, 351.04 

Mathematics  Book  Fund, 149.73 

Henry  K.  Oliver  (part), 2,065.00 

Professorship  of  Latin- American  History  and  Eco- 
nomics Fund  (part), 11.70 

Nelson  Robinson,  Jr.  Additional;; (part). 
Psychological  Laboratory,     .    .    .    $1,377.67 

Books, 185.72 

Librarian  Department  Philosophy 

(part), 553.48 

$2,116.87 

Less  amount  paid  for  salaries,        553.48  1,563.39 

Shaler  Memorial, 10,000.00 

Henry  Warren  Torrey,  publications,    .  .  .  883.39 

Henry  C. "Warren,  publications  and  books,     .  6,192.99 

David  A.  Wells  (part), 1,297.97 

Jefferson  Physical  Laboratory  Endowment,  .    .  6,794.31          51,347.03 

From  Gifts,  etc.,  for  Special  Purposes, 39,891.54 

Administration  Offices. 

Dean  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences  : 

Salary, $500.00 

Services  and  wages, 2,245.00 

Office  supplies  and  expenses, 208.77            2,953.77 

Dean  of  Harvard  College : 

Salaries, $12,800.00 

Services  and  wages, 15,535.10 

Office  supplies  and  expenses, 6,069.94 

Appropriation  for  statistics, 1,030.33          35,435.37 

Dean  and  Secretary  of  the  Graduate  School  of 
Arts  and  Sciences : 

Salaries, $4,000.00 

Services  and  wages, 1,703.48 

Office  supplies  and  expenses, 1,122.74           6,826.22 

Secretary  Administrative  Board  for  Special  Students  : 

Salary, 500.00 

Amount  carried  forward, $302,405.60 


195 


COLLEGE  (continued) 
EXPENDITURE 

Amount  brought  forward, $302,405.60 

Administration  Offices  (continued). 

Secretary  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences  : 

Salaries, $600.00 

Office  supplies  and  expenses, 108.17               708.17 

Students  Employment  Office  and  Appointment  Office  : 

Salary  of  Secretary, $1,250.00 

Services  and  wages, 4,016.96 

Office  supplies  and  expenses, 1,497.39            6,764.35 

Secretary  Committee  on  Choice  of  Electives  : 

Services  and  wages, $2,479.34 

Office  supplies  and  expenses, 677.85            3,157.19 

Professor  of  Hygiene  : 

Office  expenses, 294.75 

Director  of  Physical  Training  : 

Office  expenses, 391.88 

From  Appropriations. 

Anthropology, $141.50 

Astronomy, 1,655.00 

Botany, 5,131.07 

Classics, 250.00 

Chemistry, 22,818.00 

Economics, 3,064.44 

English,      301.00 

Fine  Arts,      1,162.35 

French  and  other  Romance  Languages, 1,897.63 

Geology, 1,781.60 

German, 225.00 

History, 863.66 

History,  Government,  and  Economics, 1,418.81 

Government, 33.56 

Mathematics, 1,132.57 

Mineralogy  and  Petrography, 744.64 

Music, 958.22 

Physics, 13,790.00 

Psychology, 407.00 

Zoology, 1,747.25         59,523.30 

From  Laboratory  Fees. 

Anthropology, $10.00 

Astronomy, 443.22 

Botany,      91.12 

Chemistry,  Boylston  Hall, 25,500.13 

Chemistry,  Gibbs  Laboratory, 92.40 

Geology, 100.00 

Amounts  carried  forward $26,236.87    $373,245.24 


196 


COLLEGE  (continued) 
EXPENDITURE 

Amounts  brought  forward, $26,236.87     $373,245.24 

Erom  Laboratory  Eees  (continued) . 

Mineralogy, 17.50 

Music, 105.00 

Physics, 82.00 

Psychology, 12.50 

Zoology, 324.33  26,778.20 

For  College  Public  Buildings,  which  are  not  valued  in 
the  Treasurer's  books. 

Repairs  and  Equipment, $6,300.80 

Caretaking  and  Operating  Expenses, 51,466.32 

Changes  in  Boylston  Hall, 1,176.80  58,943.92 

For  College  Dormitories  which  are  not  valued  in  the 
Treasurer's  books. 
Hollis,    Stoughton,    Holworthy,    Thayer,    Weld, 
Wadsworth  House,  Walter  Hastings,  Perkins,  and 
Conant ;  and  for  Matthews  Hall : 

Repairs  and  Equipment, $12,133.18 

Caretaking  and  Operating  Expenses, 69,009.75 

New  lights  and  heating  equipment,  Perkins,  .    .       4,081.07 

New  lights,  Walter  Hastings, 1,000.15 

New  lights,  Conant, 556.77 

Changes  in  Wadsworth  House, 33.89 

Freshman  Halls  : 

Maintenance  and  depreciation, 20,000.00 

Caretaking  and  Operating  Expenses, 68,232.58        175,047.39 

General. 

Salaries  for  Instruction : 

Edward  Austin  (part)  : 

Austin  Teaching  Fellowships,  $17,712.50 
From  Sundry  Funds  and  Gifts,  .  305,963.34 

From  General  Income, 601,228.85  $924,904.69 

Expenses  Department  of  Military  Science,    .    .    .        1,197.94 
Tutors  in  Division  History,  Government  and  Eco- 
nomics, balance  of  1919-20  salaries, 3,904.58 

Services  and  wages, 6,477.43 

Proctors, 3,206.53 

Equipment  and  supplies, 1,354.56 

Blue-books, 2,468.95 

Printing, 14,366.38 

Diplomas,      1,672.05 

Stationery,  postage,  telephone,  etc., 949.88 

Monitorships, 2,025.90 

Subscription   to   American   School   of    Classical 

Studies,      250.00 

Amounts  carried  forward, $962,778.89     $634,014.75 


197 


COLLEGE  (continued) 

EXPENDITURE 

Amounts  brought  forward, $962,778.89     $634,014.75 

General  (continued). 

Music  Class  Day, 125.00 

Travelling  expenses, 500.00 

Legal  expenses, 126.98 

Books, 192.00 

Refreshments  at  Faculty  Meetings, 107.62 

Insurance  on  apparatus, 150.37 

Graduate  School  Reception,      145.00 

Sundries, 274.08        964,399.94 

Admission  Examinations. 

Salary, $6,000.00 

Services  and  wages,  office, 5,022.11 

Services  of  examiners, 1,859.54 

Services  of  proctors, 165.00 

Other  expenses, 3,473.16          16,519.81 

Payments  made  from  College  Income  for  the  fol- 
lowing accounts  : 

Jefferson  Physical  Laboratory, $600.00 

"Wolcott  Gribfos  Memorial  Laboratory,  .  967.81 
Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  Schedule  28,  4,774.75 
Peabody  Museum  of  American  Archaeology 

and  Ethnology,  Schedule  29, 719.55 

William    Hayes    Fogg    Art   Museum, 

Schedule  32, 6,502.67 

Phillips  Brooks  House,  Schedule  34,   .  2,593.46 

Gymnasiums,  Schedule  35, 13,482.77 

Stillman  Infirmary,  Schedule  36,     ....  11,664.00          41,305.01 

University  charge. 

President's  Office,  salaries  and  expenses,  ....  $9,031.42 

Treasurer's  Office,  care  of  investments,      ....  7,092.82 
Bursar's  Office  : 

Collections  and  payments,      .    .    .$26,375.86 

Letting  College  rooms, 800.00  27,175.86 

Medical  Adviser,  salary  and  expenses, 3,754.75 

Regent's  Office,  salary  and  expenses, 670.81 

Inspector  of  Grounds  and  Buildings,  salary  and 

expenses, 6,800.66 

Publication  Agent,  salary  and  expenses,     ....  2,221.71 

Annual  Catalogue, 5,900.75 

Quinquennial  Catalogue, 6,925.56 

90  %  Memorial  Hall  and  Sanders  Theatre  building 

expenses, 1,791.85 

Watchmen, 5,050.58 

Amounts  carried  forward, $76,416.77  $1,656,239.51 


198 


COLLEGE  (continued) 

EXPENDITUKE 

Amounts  brought  forward, $76,416.77  $1,656,239.51 

University  charge  (continued) . 

Engineer, 1,660.87 

Carpenter, 1,122.31 

Janitor, 4,511.87 

Purchasing  Agent, 149.14          83,860.96 

$1,740,100.47 
Kestricted  income  not  used  and  added  to  Funds  and  Gifts,     .    .    .  122,237.14 

Balances  of  restricted  income  carried  to  General  Suspense,  .    .    .  1,064.39 

Kestricted  income  carried  to  General  Suspense  to  pay  overdrafts 

of  former  years, 14,090.88 

$1,877,492.88 


n 


Schedule  8 
LIBRARY 

INCOME    AND    EXPENDITURE 

For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 

Income  of  Book  Funds  and  Gifts  and  Receipts  for  the 
purchase  of  books. 

Edwin  Swift  Balch, $220.17 

Francis  Boott  (part), 418.90 

Nathaniel  I.  Bowditch, 134.68 

Bright  Legacy  (£  income), 1,356.10 

William  R.  Castle, 1*08.23 

Francis  James  Child  Memorial, 1,550.39 

Robert  P.  Clapp,     280.42 

Fundof  the  Class  Of  1851, 109.35 

Book  Fund  of  the  Class  of  1881, 204.28 

Edwin  Conant  (i; income), 378.89 

Constantlus  (h  income), 705.89 

Archibald  C.  Coolidge  and  Clarence  L.  Hay  328.27 

S.  Newton  Cutler, 58.86 

Bayard  Cutting  Fellowship, 14.63 

W.  Bayard  Cutting  Bequest, 697.09 

Horace  Davis  Bequest, 527.47 

Peter  P.  F.  Degrand  Bequest  (part),  ....  4,872.96 

Denny, 301.00 

Eliza  Farrar, 332.69 

John  Hays  Gardiner  Memorial, 129.44 

Department  of  German, 172.15 

Price  Greenleaf  (part) , 1,000.00 

Charles  Gross  Memorial, 101.79 

George  S.  and  Ellen  S.  Hale, 360.33 

Edward  H.  Hall, 607.45 

Frederic  Hilborn  Hall  Memorial, 285.28 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund : 

In  memory  of  Percy  Chase,  '88, 54.49 

In  memory  of  Harry  H.  Hill, 47.95 

Richard  Mather  Jopling  Fund, 70.85 

In  memory  of  Charles  Castner 

Lilly, .54 

Dill wy n  Parrish  Starr  Memorial,  ....  204.12 

Horace  A.  Haven, 190.13 

Francis  B.  Hayes, 548.37 

George  Hay  ward, 329.94 

Thomas  Hollis, 134.19 

Sidney  Homer, 122.96 

Amount  carried  forward, $16,960.25 

199 


200 


LIBRARY  (continued) 

INCOME 

Amount  brought  forward, $16,960.25 

Income  of  Book  Funds  and  Gifts  and  Keceipts  for  the 
purchase  of  books  (continued) . 

George  Schunemann  Jackson, 1,312.82 

Jarvis, 27.11 

Richard  Mather  Jopling, 28.56 

Horatio  King  (part), 141.06 

Kittredge  Anniversary  Fund, 238.63 

Frederick  A.  Lane, 299.64 

George   C.  Lodge   and  Joseph   Trumbull 

Stickney  Memorial, 203.90 

Lowell, 1,809.81 

Francis  Cabot  Lowell, 654.64 

James  Jackson  Lowell, 1,107.38 

Wainwright  Merrill  Memorial, 160.98 

Charles  Minot, 3,308.09 

Elkan  Waumburg  Fellowship, 98.22 

George  Nichols, 50.33 

Charles  Eliot  Norton, 491.13 

Lucy  Osgood, 422.98 

Mary  Osgood, 441.61 

Francis  Parkman  Memorial, 277.06 

George  F.  Parkman, 1,363.82 

B.  Osgood  Peirce, 65.01 

James  Mills  Peirce  Bequest, 33.26 

Charles  Elliott  Perkins  Memorial, 16.63 

Professorship   of  Latin-American   History   and 

Economics  (part), 2,524.09 

Hugo  Reisinger  Bequest, 275.77 

Francis  Sales, 211.52 

Salisbury, 364.39 

Sever, 1,137.94 

Samuel  Shapleigh, 214.33 

George  B.  Sohier  (part), 141.50 

Clement  Lawrence  Smith, 65.28 

Strobel  Memorial  (Class  of  1877), 186.68 

Strobel  Memorial  (Siam), 132.14 

Subscription, 570.18 

Charles  Sumner, 2,090.07 

Kenneth  Matheson  Taylor, 283.61 

Elizabeth  Torrey, 69.50 

Daniel  Treadwell  (£  income), 328.05 

John  Harvey  Treat  Book  Fund, 3,252.70 

Ichabod  Tucker, 265.20 

Amount  carried  forward, $41,625.87 


201 


LIBRARY  (continued) 
INCOME 
Amount  brought  forward, $41,625.87 

Income  of  Book  Funds  and  Gifts  and  Receipts  for  the 

purchase  of  books  (continued) . 
20th  Mass.  Regiment  of  Volunteer  Infantry,    .    .    .  56.75 

Wales  Income  for  Books, 314.47 

James  Walker, 885.71 

Thomas  W.  Ward, 297.92 

Julian  Palmer  Welsh  Memorial, 167.24 

Evert  Jansen  Wendell, 589.68 

J.  Huntington  Wolcott, 1,109.92 

Chauncey  Wright, 74.63   $45,122.19 

Gifts  for  books  : 

Gifts,      .'    $2,261.05 

Interest, 147.78     $2,408.83 

Sale  of  duplicate  books, 1,099.26 

Received  for  books  lost, 199.13 

Received  for  fines, 1,007.55        4,714.77 

Gifts  for  Special  Purposes. 

Gift  for  certain  expenses,      $3,173.00 

Gift  for  printing  Library  Notes  : 

Gift, $900.00 

Interest, 10.30 

Other  receipts,      75.00         985.30        4,158.30 

Henry  Weston  Earns  worth   Memorial,  ex- 
penses of  Farnsworth  room, $1,694.63 

It.  M.  Hodges  Fund  (part),  for  pub- 
lishing Bibliographical  Contributions: 

Interest, $414.89 

Sales  publication, 104.62         519.51 

Robert    Gould    Shaw    Fund,    maintenance   of 

theatre  collection, 2,759.78       4,973.92 

Income  of  Funds  for  general  purposes. 

Anonymous  Fund  for  Library, $1,350.00 

Daniel  Austin, 421.58 

Edwin  Conant  (|  income),  . 1,136.67 

Constantius  (i  income),  .   .    .    '. 705.89 

Price  Greenleaf  (part), 15,083.63 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund : 

In  memory  Harry  Elkins  Widener,  .   .  .       1,818.24 

Henry  L.  Pierce, 2,700.00 

Henry  L.  Pierce,  Residuary  (part), 2,368.86 

Stephen  Salisbury  Bequest, 276.48 

James  Savage  (part), 1,476.00 

Amey  Richmond  Sheldon, 16,200.32 


Amounts  carried  forward, $43,537.67    $58,969.18 


202 


LIBRARY  (continued) 

INCOME 

Amounts  brought  forward, $43,537.67    $58,969.18 

Income  of  Funds  for  General  Purposes  (continued) . 

Daniel  Treadwell  (£  income), 328.05 

Eben  Wright, 5,400.00     49,265.72 

Fees  for  use  of  Library, $370.00 

Sales  of  printed  cards, 1,566.85 

Contribution  Radcliffe  College  toward  expenses,  ....  1,000.00 

Sale  of  photographs, 189.38 

Sale  of  waste  paper, 76.02 

Sale  of  publications, 15.52 

Sale  of  photostat  prints, 1,182.57        4,400.34 

$112,635.24 
Received  from  accumulated  income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  to  cover 

deficits  of  restricted  income,      20,167.15 

Overdrafts  against  sundry  funds  and  gifts  carried  to  General  Sus- 
pense,       5,001.19 

Deficit  of  general  income,  Schedule  40,      97,567.27 


$235,370.85 


EXPENDITURE 

For  Books,  from  the  following  Funds,  Gifts,  etc. 

Edwin  Swift  Balch, $170.61 

Francis  Boott, 408.58 

Bowditch, 45.88 

Bright, 1,305.91 

Castle, 89.93 

Francis  James  Child  Memorial, 975.36 

Robert  P.  Clapp, 691.68 

Fund  of  the  Class  of  1851, 109.62 

Book  Fund  of  the  Class  of  1881, 405.34 

Edwin  Conant, 701.16 

Constantius, 872.83 

A.  C.  Coolidge  and  C.  L.  Hay, 1,362.53 

S.  Newton  Cutler, 119.49 

Bayard  Cutting  Fellowship, 46.28 

W.  Bayard  Cutting  Bequest, 1,022.70 

Horace  Davis  Bequest, 139.72 

Peter  P.  F.  Degrand  Bequest, 6,146.01 

Denny, 588.78 

Farrar, 474.13 

John  Hays  Gardiner  Memorial, 76.72 

Department  of  German, 16.10 

Price  Greenleaf  (part), 1,297.54 

Amount  carried  forward, $17,066.90 


203 


LIBRARY   (continued) 

EXPENDITURE 

Amount  brought  forward, $17,066.90 

For  Books,  from  the  following  Funds,  Gifts,  etc. 
(continued) . 

Charles  Gross  Memorial, 123.20 

George  S.  and  Ellen  S.  Hale, 742.56 

Edward  H.  Hall, 1,804.61 

Frederic  Hilborn  Hall  Memorial, 286.34 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund  : 

In  memory  of  Percy  Chase  '88, 56.81 

Harry  H.  Hill  Memorial, 6.09 

Richard  Mather  Jopling  Fund,     ....  88.06 

Dillwyn  Parrish  Starr  Memorial,    ....  166.20 

Haven, 78.13 

Hayes, 660.40 

Hayward,     609.33 

Hollis, 125.13 

Homer, 149.72 

George  Schunemann  Jackson, 82.35 

Jarvis, 28.47 

Richard  Mather  Jopling, 14.56 

Horatio  King, 37.50 

Kittredge  Anniversary, 288.93 

Lane, 550.74 

Latin-American  Professorship, 2,524.09 

G.  C.  Lodge  and  J.  T.  Stickney  Memorial,     .  281.79 

Lowell, 2,506.30 

Francis  Cabot  Lowell, 1,292.46 

James  Jackson  Lowell, 1,356.27 

Wainwright  Merrill  Memorial, 187.47 

Minot, 4,308.51 

Elkan  Naumburg  Fellowship, 1,808.80 

George  Nichols, 6.00 

Charles  Eliot  Norton, 571.86 

Lucy  Osgood, 512.11 

Mary  Osgood, 1,024.87 

Francis  Parkman  Memorial, 252.71 

George  F.  Parkman, 1,463.19 

B.  Osgood  Peirce, 51.96 

James  Mills  Peirce  Bequest, 40.65 

Charles  Elliott  Perkins  Memorial, 135.94 

Hugo  Reisinger  Bequest, 12.21 

Sales, 169.02 

Salisbury, 1,835.96 

Sever,     1,990.53 

Amount  carried  forward, $45,298.73 


204 


LIBRARY  (continued) 

EXPENDITURE 

Amount  brought  forward,      $45,298.73 

Eor  Books,  from  the  following  Funds,  Gifts,  etc. 
(continued) . 

Shapleigh, 214.67 

Clement  Lawrence  Smith, 2.70 

George  B.  Sohier  (part), 154.57 

Strobel  Memorial  (1877), 152.45 

"              "          (Siam) 221.31 

Subscription, 579.95 

Sumner, 2,583.25 

Kenneth  Matheson  Taylor, 429.21 

Elizabeth  Torrey, 201.21 

Daniel  Treadwell, 390.64 

John  Harvey  Treat, 3,126.83 

Tucker, 523.50 

20th  Mass.  Regiment  of  Volunteer  Infantry,     .    .    .  41.68 

Wales, 513.33 

Walker,     1,409.88 

Ward,      408.76 

Julian  Palmer  Welsh  Memorial, 26.98 

Evert  Jansen  Wendell, 607.78 

J.  Huntington  Wolcott, 1,251.84 

From  Sundry  gifts  for  books, 5,732.22 

Duplicate  money  and  receipts  for  lost  books,    .    .    .  1,052.32 

Fines, 489.18    $65,412.99 

From  Henry  Weston  Farnsworth  Memorial, 

expenses  of  Farnsworth  Room, $1,370.45 

Robert    Gould    Shaw   Fund,    maintenance   of 

theatre  collection, 2,500.00        3,870.45 

From  Gift  for  new  equipment, $49.31 

"      "    printing  Harvard  Library  Notes,   ....  869.62           918.93 

General. 

Salaries, 30,700.00 

Services  and  wages  (part), $58,677.68 

Equipment  and  supplies, 2,430.35 

Stationery,  postage,  telephone  and  telegraph,   .    .    .  2,461.16 

Binding, 6,400.06 

General  printing, 1,340.43 

Printed  cards, 3,128.95 

Freight,  express,  etc., 348.20 

Laundry, 91.00 

Photostat, 681.96 

Travelling  Expenses,      43.08 

Sundries, 155.10      75,757.97 

Amount  carried  forward, $176,660.34 


205 


LIBRARY  (continued) 
EXPENDITURE 
Amount  brought  forward, $176,660.34 

Building  expenses,  Widener  Library  : 

Repairs, $590.66 

Caretaking, 19,464.39 

Water,  heat,  light,  power,  etc., 24,335.85 

Repairs  to  heating  equipment, 556.64      44.947.54 

University  charge  : 

Treasurer's  Office,  care  of  investments,      $1,393.74 

Bursar's  Office,  collections  and  payments,      ....  720.80 
Inspector  of  Grounds   and  Buildings,  salary  and 

expenses, 55.07 

Watchmen, 1,154.94 

Engineer, 276.35 

Carpenter, 9.09 

Purchasing  Agent, 80.19        3,690.18 

$225,298.06 
Restricted  income  not  used  and  added  to  Eunds  and  Gifts,  ....  9,448.24 
Restricted  income  carried  to  General  Suspense  to  pay  overdrafts  of 

former  years, 624.55 

$235,370.85 


Schedule  9 
SUMMER   SCHOOLS 
FACULTY   OF   ARTS   AND   SCIENCES 

INCOME  AND   EXPENDITURE 
For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 
School  of  1920. 

Receipts  from  students : 
Tuition  fees. 

General, $38,255.00 

Physical  Education, 8,275.00   $46,530.00 

Registration  fees, 4,854.00 

Auditors  fees, 3,250.00 

Board  and  room  rents,  Freshman  Halls,    .    .    .     24,896.51 

Surplus  historical  excursions, 93.06 

Copies  of  records, 2.00    $79,625.57 

Sale  of  publication,  Case  Studies  Abnormal  Type, 6.58 

Amount  carried  forward,      $79,632.15 


206 


SUMMER   SCHOOLS   (continued) 

INCOME 

Amount  brought  forward, $79,632.15 

School  of  1920  (continued). 

Interest  on  balance, 1,392.31 

Income  of  Sayles  Fund,  Summer  Course  in  Geology,     .    .    .  631.91 

$81,656.37 
Received  from  accumulated  income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  to  cover  def- 
icits of  restricted  income, 200.00 

$81,856.37 


EXPENDITURE 
School  of  1920. 
Dean's  Office  : 

Salary  of  Dean, $240.00 

Services  and  wages, 652.81 

Office  supplies, 465.36    $1,358.17 

Salaries  for  Instruction, 30,371.00 

General  Expenses, 441.95 

Public  Exercises,      776.26 

Hospitality, 837.18 

Scholarships, 240.00 

Advertising, 523.47 

Expenses  of  Freshman  Halls,  including  Dining  Hall,     30,177.71 
University  charge  : 

Bursar's  Office,  collections  and  pay- 
ments,              $212.25 

Inspector's  Office  Expenses,  ....  95.26 

Carpenter, 15.72 

Purchasing  Agent, 36.85 

$360.08 
Less  amount  transferred  to  Schedule  8,      132.25         227.83 
School  of  Physical  Education. 

General, 

Restricted  income  not  used  and  added  to  Funds  and  Gifts,     .... 
Surplus  of  general  income  carried  to  General  Suspense,     .... 


$64,953 
6,688 


57 


.08 

.65 
.91 
.81 
$81,856.37 


$71,641. 

631. 

9,582. 


Schedule  10 
ENGINEERING   SCHOOL 

INCOME  AND   EXPENDITURE 
For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 

Income  of  Funds  for  Salaries  and  General  Purposes. 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund,  Engineering  School,  $162.70 

Abbott  Lawrence  (part), 1,711.93 

James  Lawrence  (part), 1,410.61 

Gordon  McKay  Endowment  (part), 123,429.50 

Professorship  of  Engineering, 

Edward  Whitney, 

Income  of  Scholarship  and  Beneficiary  Funds  and  Gifts, 

Gifts  for  Special  Purposes. 

Ernest  B.  Dane  gift,  research  in  Sanitary  En- 
gineering, interest, 

Gift  for  Summer  Mining  Camp,  interest, 

Gifts  for  research  in  Cryogenic  Engineering. 

Gifts, $3,800.00 

Other  receipts, 2,250.00        6,050.00        6,122.86 

Receipts  from  students. 

Tuition  fees, $41,915.00 

Laboratory  fees, 388.50 

Sale  of  printed  notes,      2.75 

Receipts,  Squam  Lake  Camp, 4,49572 

Fines,  late  registration, 30.00      46,831.97 

(Miscellaneous  receipts  : 

Sale  of  liquid  air, 88.50 

$190,770.74 
Received  from  accumulated  income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  to  cover 

deficits  of  restricted  income, 365.83 

eficit  of  general  income,  Schedule  40, 39,474.52 

$230,611.09 


2,203.52 

655.67  $129,573.93 

8,153.48 

$25.50 

47.36 

EXPENDITURE 

I'rom  Scholarships  and  Beneficiary  Funds, $5,175.00 

Tom  Gift  for  Special  Purpose. 

Gift  of  Ernest  B.  Dane,  Research  in  Sanitary 

Engineering, 291.33 

eneral. 

Teaching  salaries, $132,480.00 

Equipment  and  supplies, 9,640.99 

Stationery,  postage,  telephone  and  telegraph,    .    .    .       1,237.48 

Amounts  carried  forward,      $143,358.47     $5,466.33 

207 


208 


ENGINEERING   SCHOOL  (continued) 
EXPENDITURE 

Amounts  brought  forward, $143,358.47      $5,466.33 

General  (continued) . 

Services  and  wages, 21,815.64 

Printing, 2,097.18 

Books  and  binding,      1,231.54 

Reestablishing   Departments    of    Engineering  and 
Mining  in  the  University  Buildings  : 

Engineering, $4,631.68 

Mining, 1,189.26  5,820.94 

Proctors, 67.00 

Instruction  and  expenses  of  course  in  Water-power 

Engineering, 83.35 

Travelling  expenses, 1,290.21 

Diplomas, 244.50 

Insurance  on  metallurgical  apparatus, 118.48 

Freight  and  express, 509.50 

Expenses  High  Tension  Laboratory, 10,267.46 

Expenses  Special  Course  for  Naval  Officers,    .    .    .  350.00 

Expenses  Squam  Lake  Camp, 6,621.10 

Blndge  Technical  School  for  use  of  laboratories,     .  1,500.00 

Sundries, 354.70    195,730.07 

Repairs  and  equipment,  buildings, $2,133.47 

Caretaking,  buildings,      14,808.14      16,941.61 

University  charge. 

President's  Office,  salaries  and  expenses, $615.31 

Treasurer's  Office,  salaries  and  expenses, 1,648.38 

Bursar's  Office,  salaries  and  expenses, 2,123.69 

Inspector's  Office,  salaries  and  expenses, 542.36 

Annual  Catalogue, 633.79 

Watchmen, 943,81 

Quinquennial  Catalogue, 413.81 

Purchasing  Agent, 63.70 

Chief  Engineer, 226.84 

Carpenter, 89.52 

Regent's  Office, ,  45.70 

Medical  Adviser's  Office, 255.82        7,602.73 

Phillips  Brooks  House,  Schedule  34, $176.70 

Gymnasiums,  Schedule  35, 675.81 

Stillman  Infirmary,  Schedule  36, _  892.00        1,744.51 

$227,485.25 
.    .  3,125.84 

$230,611.09 


Restricted  income  not  used  and  added  to  Eunds  and  Gifts, 


Schedule  11 

GRADUATE   SCHOOL   OF   BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION 

INCOME  AND  EXPENDITURE 
For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 


INCOME 
Income  of  Funds. 

Edmund  Cogswell  Converse  Professorship  in 

Banking, $7,326.45 

Endowment  Fund, 3,521.88 

James  J.  Hill  Fund, 6,750.00 

James  J.  Hill  Professorship  of  Transportation,  7,312.08 

George  H.  Leatherbee  Lecture  Fund,   ....  3,301.02 

Gordon  McKay  Endowment  (part), 5,000.00 


Isador  Straus  Memorial, 
Harvard  Endowment  Fund 
Harvard  Endowment  Fund, 
Fechheimer  Loan  Fund. 

Interest, 

Loans  repaid, 


—  Business  School, 
Nathan 


$270.00 
150.00 


Alumni  Association  Loan  Fund  (Gifts), 

Anonymous  Loan  Fund, 

Daniel  A.  Buckley  Scholarship  (part), 
Victor  Emanuel  Chapman  Fellowship, 
Harvard  Club  of  Chicago  (Gift),     .   . 
Harvard  Club  of  San  Francisco  (Gift) 
William  S.  Murphy  Scholarship  (part), 
Student  Loan  Fund. 

Loans  repaid, $1,470.19 

Interest, 21.98 

George  O.  May  Prizes  (Gift),    .    . 

Bureau  of  Business  Research  Publication  Fund. 
Sale  of  publications,   .......    $4,363.43 

Interest, 71.88 


542.64 
691.22 


420.00 
650.00 
77.65 
250.00 
1,315.86 
300.00 
350.00 
107.50 


1,492.17 
150.00 


4,435.31 


Bureau  of  Business  Research,  National  Whole- 
sale Grocers  Association,  receipts,  ....      3,439.04 
Bureau  of  Business  Research,  American  National 

Retail  Jewellers  Association  Fundr  receipts,    8,147.00 
Bureau  of  Business  Research,  National  Retail 

Shoe  Dealers  Association,  receipts,     .  .      2,500.00 
Bureau  of  Business  Research,  Textile  Research  Fund, 

receipts, 674.17    $58,753. 

3-ifts  for  immediate  use  : 

For  deficit.    Gifts,  .    .    .    .    .    .    .    .    .    .    .*  .    .    .    .    $11,325.00 

For  courses  in  printing, 1,756.77 

Frederick  L.  and  John  C.  Olmstead,  books,  .         125.00 


Amounts  carried  forward, $13,206.77    $58,753.99 

209 


210 


GRADUATE   SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS  (continued) 

INCOME 

Amounts  brought  forward, $13,206.77    $58,753.99 

Gifts  for  immediate  use  (continued) 

Gifts  for  Collection  of  Problem  Material : 

Gifts, $9,200.00 

Interest, 55.55 

Other  receipts, 1,600.39     10,855.94 

Gift  of  Alvan  T.  Simons,  for  research  : 

Gift, $4,627.50 

Interest, 43.42      4,670.92       28,733.63 

Receipts  from  students. 

Tuition  fees,      $96,187.50 

Graduation  fees, 20.00      96,207.50 

Miscellaneous. 

Sale  of  pamphlets, 4.80 

Appropriation  from  University,     . 76,073.98 

$259,773.90 
Received  from  accumulated  income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  to  cover 

deficits  of  restricted  income,      4,134.92 

Overdrafts  against  sundry  funds  and  gifts  carried  to  General  Sus- 
pense,       2,605.05 

$266,513.87 

EXPENDITURE 

Instruction. 

Salaries  of  instructing  staff, $86,766.00 

Compensation  for  outside  lecturers, 5,673.30 

Services  of  assistants  in  courses, 9,533.72  $101,973.02 

Accessories  of  instruction. 

Supplies  for  class  room  purposes, $1,491.67 

Remodeling  and  equipping  class  rooms, 4,769.20 

Traveling  expenses  for  staff, 386.58 

Faculty  luncheons  and  dinners, 1,112.15 

Printing  for  courses, 565.68 

Services  of  Proctors, 361.25 

Diplomas,      274.95 

Laboratory  of  Business  Devices, 526.57 

Telephones 136.60        9,624.65 

Business  School  Library. 
Books  and  periodicals : 

From  general  funds, $3,788.21 

From  special  funds, 468.71  $4,256.92 

Binding  books  and  periodicals, ,    .  1,524.36 

Library  salaries, 2,850.00 

Services  of  library  staff, 10,779.06 

Library  equipment,  supplies,  and  expenses,     .    .    .  3,215.03      22,625.37 

Amount  carried  forward, $134,223.04 


211 


GRADUATE   SCHOOL   OF   BUSINESS   (continued) 
EXPENDITURE 

Amount  brought  forward, $134,223.04 

Investigations. 

Bureau  of  Business  Research  : 

From  general  funds, $17,543.22 

From  special  funds, 23,424.75     40,967.97 

Students'  Division. 

Salaries  for  students'  division, $6,500.00 

Services  for  students'  division, 1,176.92 

Supplies,  equipment,  and  expense,      508.21       8,185.13 

Awards  to  Students. 

Victor  Emanuel  Chapman  Memorial  Fellow- 
ship,      $1,200.00 

Daniel  A.  Buckley  Scholarship, 250.00 

Harvard  Club  of  Chicago  Scholarship,    .   .   .  300.00 

Harvard  Club  of  San  Francisco  Scholarship,  350.00 

W.  S.  Murphy  Scholarship  (part), 107.50 

George  O.  May  Prizes, 150.00 

Nathan  Pechheimer  Loan  Fund, 3,077.37 

Loans  to  students, 1,835.00        7,269.87 

Administration. 

Salaries  for  administration, $8,800.00 

Services  for  administration, 14,896.21 

Travelling  expense  for  administration, 2,636.44 

Entertainment, 312.33 

Printing, 4,185.04 

Advertising, 1,152.16 

Telephone  and  telegraph, 1,008.73 

Postage  and  express, 638.57 

Equipment  and  supplies, 4,199.16 

Sundries, 2,130.45      39,959.09 

Repairs  —  buildings  used  by  Business  School, $239.67 

Caretaking  —  buildings  used  by  Business  School,     .    .    .  2,388.07 

Changes  in  Lawrence  Hall, 5,143.36        7,771.10 

Interest  on  Advances, 435.43 

University  charge  : 

President's  Office,  salaries  and  expenses, $1,270.88 

Treasurer's  Office,  care  of  investments,      455.35 

Bursar's  Office,  collections  and  payments, 3,876.80 

Inspector's  Office,  salary  and  expenses, 509.63 

Medical  Adviser,  salary  and  expenses, 528.37 

Regent's  Office, 94.39 

Watchmen, 97.22 

Carpenter, 84.12 

Annual  Catalogue, 633.79 

Quinquennial  Catalogue, 65.54 

Amounts  carried  forward,      ...    ...  $7,616.09  $238,811.63 


212 


GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS  (continued) 
EXPENDITURE 

Amounts  brought  forward, $7,616.09  0238,811.63 

University  charge  (continued) . 

Purchasing  Agent, 317.25 

Chief  Engineer, 23.27 

Janitor, 57.11        8,013.72 

Phillips  Brooks  House,  Schedule  34, $364.96 

Gymnasiums,  Schedule  35, 1,395.83 

Stillman  Infirmary,  Schedule  36, 1,752.00        3,512.79 

$250,338.14 
Restricted  income  not  used  and  added  to  Funds  and  Gifts,  ....  13,964.11 
Restricted  income  carried  to  General  Suspense  to  pay  overdrafts  of 

former  years, 2,211.62 

$266,513.87 


Schedule  12 

SCHOOLS   OF   ARCHITECTURE   AND   LANDSCAPE 
ARCHITECTURE 

INCOME   AND   EXPENDITURE 
For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 


INCOME 
Income  of  Funds  and  Gifts. 

Nelson  Robinson,  Jr.  (part), $50,112.49 

Revere  Family  Memorial : 

Interest,      $1,1.85.68 

Other  receipts, 28.00  1,213.68 

Arthur  Rotch, 1,350.00 

Gurdon  Saltonstall, 3,240.00 

Josiah  Stickney, 636.77 

Henry  Flynt  (part), 5.46 

Harvard.  Endowment  Fund —  School  of  Landscape 

Architecture, 105.14    $56,663.£ 

Income  of  Fellowship  Funds. 

Julia  Amory  Appleton, $1,484.51 

Charles  Eliot, 1,710.02 

Nelson  Robinson,  Jr.  (part), 2,227.50 

Frederick  Sheldon  (part), 1,500.00      6,922.03 

Amount  carried  forward, $63,585.57 


213 


SCHOOLS   OF  ARCHITECTURE  AND  LANDSCAPE 
ARCHITECTURE  (continued) 

INCOME 
Amount  brought  forward,       $63,585.57 

Income  of  Scholarship  Funds. 

Edward  Austin  (part), $1,050.00 

Francis  H.  Cummings, 408.02 

Eveleth  (part), 250.00        1,708.02 

Gift  for  changes  in  Robinson  Hall. 

Gift, $5,000.00 

Interest, 25.20        5,025.20 

Receipts  from  students. 

Tuition  fees.     Architecture,      $7,245.00 

Landscape  Architecture,        4,809.00  $12,054.00 

Graduation  fees, 40.00 

Laboratory  fees, 5.00 

Registration  fees,     . 35.00      12,134.00 

$82,452.79 
Received  from  accumulated  income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  to  cover 

deficits  of  restricted  income,      742.99 

;ceived  from  accumulated  income  of  the  Nelson  Robinson,  Jr., 

Fund  to  cover  in  part  the  deficit  of  general  income, 4,451.63 

Remainder  of  deficit  of  general  income,  Schedule  40, 3,383.52 

$91,030.93 


EXPENDITURE 

'rom  Fellowship  Funds. 

Julia  Amory  Appleton,     $2,227.50 

Charles  Eliot,     1,620.00 

Nelson  Robinson,  Jr 2,227.50 

Frederick  Sheldon,     1,500.00     $7,575.00 

'rom  Scholarship  Funds. 

Edward  Austin  Scholarships  in  Architecture,  .  $1,050.00 

Francis  H.  Cummings, 350.00 

Eveleth, 250.00        1,650.00 

or  Scholarships  from  general  funds. 

Architectural  League, $550.00 

University, 1,200.00        1,750.00 

om  Funds  for  Special  Purposes. 
Revere  Family  Memorial, 1,119.85 

om  Appropriations. 

Architecture, $2,172.51 

Landscape  Architecture, 5,029.14        7,201.65 

pairs,  Robinson  Hall, $747.35 

retaking  and  Operating  Expenses,  Robinson  Hall,  .    .  7,584.95        8,332.30 

Amount  carried  forward, $27,628.80 


214 


SCHOOLS   OF   ARCHITECTURE   AND  LANDSCAPE 
ARCHITECTURE  (continued) 

EXPENDITURE 

Amount  brought  forward, $27,628.80 

General. 

Salaries, $41,340.46 

Services  and  wages, 2,079.86 

Equipment  and  supplies, 199.46 

Stationery  and  postage, 243.55 

Printing, 595.47 

Diplomas,      13.40 

Books, 90.00 

Legal  expenses, 225.00 

Sundries, 8.68      44,795.88 

University  charge. 

President's  Office,  salaries  and  expenses, $189.77 

Treasurer's  Office,  care  of  investments,      678.06 

Bursar's  Office,  collections  and  payments,     ....  1,103.44 

Medical  Adviser,  salary  and  expenses, 78.98 

Regent's  Office, 14.09 

Annual  Catalogue, 253.51 

Quinquennial  Catalogue, 61.70 

Purchasing  Agent, 13.03 

Inspector  of  Grounds  and  Buildings, 43.67 

Watchmen, 190.07 

Engineer, 45.48 

Janitor, 161.24 

Carpenter, 7.21        2,840.25 

Phillips  Brooks  House,  Schedule  34, $54.50 

Gymnasiums,  Schedule  35, 208.43 

Stillman  Infirmary,  Schedule  36, 236.00           498.93 

$75,763.86 
Restricted  income  not  used  and  added  to  Funds  and  Gifts,     ....        15,267.07 

$91,030.93 


Schedule  13 
DIVINITY   SCHOOL 

INCOME   AND  EXPENDITURE 
For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 

Income  of  Funds  for  Instruction  or  for  General  Purposes. 

Divinity  School  balance,  interest, $690.52 

Endowment,      3,870.56 

Oliver  Ames, 918.00 

Hannah  C.  Andrews, 28.35 

Daniel  Austin, 60.21 

Adams  Ayer, 54.00 

Joseph  Baker, 824.85 

Bussey  Professorship, 2,029.54 

Bussey  Trust  (part), 3,970.44 

Joshua  Clapp, 117.61 

Edwin  Conant, 270.00 

Dexter  Lectureship, 1,379.38 

Prothingham  Professorship, 3,169.96 

Abraham  W.  Fuller, 56.70 

Lewis  Gould, 49.19 

John  Hancock  Professorship, 324.43 

Charles  L.  Hancock  (part), 5,675.57 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund  —  Divinity  School,     .  110.59 

Haven, 270.00 

Samuel  Hoar, 56.70 

Hollis  Professorship  of  Divinity, 1,863.97 

Henry  P.  Kidder, 540.00 

Henry  Lienow, 495.99 

Caroline  Merriam, 56.70 

John  Newgate, 17.98 

Parkman  Professorship, 864.86 

Francis  Greenwood  Peabody  Professorship,  1,370.41 

Plummer  Foundation, 1,419.98 

John  W.  Quinby, 39.64 

Abby  Crocker  Richmond, 54.00 

John  L.  Russell, 54.00 

William  B.  Spooner, 540.00 

Thomas  Tileston  of  New  York  Endowment,    .  2,160.00 

Mary  P.  Townsend, 283.50 

Winthrop  Ward, 113.40 

Winn  Professorship, 3,566.05 

Augustus  Woodbury  Bequest, 56.05    $37,423.13 

Amount  carried  forward, $37,423.13 

215 


216 


DIVINITY  SCHOOL  (continued) 

INCOME 

Amount  brought  forward, $37,423.13 

Income  of  Funds  for  Instruction  or  for  General  Purposes  {continued) . 

Society  for  Promoting  Theological  Education  Gift. 

Gift, $1,500.00 

Interest,      70.25     $1,570.25 

Gift  for  expenses  publishing  Harvard  Theological 

Studies,  Interest, 12.76        1,583.01 

Income  of  Scholarship,  Beneficiary  and  Prize  Funds. 

Robert  Charles  Billings  (prizes), $174.85 

Abner  W.  Buttriek, 763.51 

Thomas  Gary, 329.24 

George  Chapman, 168.43 

Joshua  Clapp, 272.38 

Jackson  Foundation, 881.71 

J.  Henry  Kendall, 335.50 

Nancy  Kendall, 209.85 

John  C.  Kimball, 31.05 

William  Pomroy, 59.99      3,226.51 

Income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  for  Special  Purposes. 

Rushton  Dashwood  Burr, $253.10 

Louisa  J.  Hall, 339.23  592.33 

Receipts  from  Students. 
Tuition  fees  : 

Regular, $2,430.00 

Summer  courses, 2,265.00     $4,695.00 

Graduation  fees, 80.00 

Divinity  Hall,  rents, 3,974.53        8,749.53 

Appropriation  from  University, 10,000.00 

$61,574.51 
Received  from  accumulated  income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  to  cover 

deficits  of  restricted  income,      663.44 

Credit  balance  in  General  Suspense  used, 8,935.32 

$71,173.27 

EXPENDITURE 
From  Scholarship  Funds : 

George  Chapman, $90.32 

Joshua  Clapp, •   •   •   .  .         154.83 

Jackson  Foundation, 1,000.00      $1,245.15 

From  Beneficiary  Funds. 

Abner  W.  Buttriek, $700.00 

"William  Pomroy,     45.00  745.00 

From  Prize  Funds. 

Robert  Charles  Billings, 200.00 

Amount  carried  forward, $2,190.15 


217 


DIVINITY  SCHOOL  (continued) 

EXPENDITURE 

Amount  brought  forward, 

Gift  for  expenses  publishing  Harvard  Theological  Studies,    .... 
General. 

Salaries, $48,150.00 


$2,190.15 
532.76 


112.89 
140.61 

1,500.00      53,733.54 


.04 


Services  and  wages, 1,172.35 

Equipment  and  supplies, 58.66 

Stationery,  postage,  telephone  and  telegraph,    .    .    .  249.55 

Printing, 561.96 

Contribution  American  School  Oriental  Research,  .  100.00 

Expenses  Summer  School  of  1920, 1,687.52 

Conference  of  College  Students  proposing  to  enter 

the  Ministry, 

Sundries, 

Share  Library  expenses,  Andover  Theological  Semi- 
nary,    

Divinity  Hall. 

Repairs  and  equipment,  land  and  building,     .... 

Caretaking,  land  and  building,      5,953.83        7,1 

Divinity  Library. 

Repairs  and  equipment,  building, 

Caretaking,  building,      1,476.13        1,522.80 

University  charge. 

President's  Office,  salaries  and  expenses, 

Treasurer's  Office,  care  of  investments, 

Bursar's  Office,  collections  and  payments, 

Medical  Adviser,  salary  and  expenses, 

Regent's  Office, 

Inspector   of   Grounds  and   Buildings,    salary   and 

expenses, 

Annual  Catalogue, 

Quinquennial  Catalogue, 

Watchmen, 

Janitor,      

Engineer, 

Carpenter, 

Purchasing  Agent, 2.30       2,392.74 

)    Semitic  Museum,  Schedule  30, $827.99 

Phillips  Brooks  House,  Schedule  34, 43.86 

Gymnasiums,  Schedule  35, 


$1,426.21 
5,953.83 

$46.67 
1,476.13 

$152.39 

439.82 

414.55 

63.36 

11.32 

249.79 

380.27 

227.47 

196.46 

166.77 

47.01 

41.23 

2.30 


Restricted  income  not  used  and  added  to  Funds  and  Gifts, 


167.37        1,039.22 

$68,791.25 
.    .    .  2,382.02 

$71,173.27 


Schedule  14 
LAW    SCHOOL 

INCOME   AND   EXPENDITURE 

For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

ft 
INCOME 

Income  of  Eunds  for  Instruction  and  General  Purposes. 

Law  School  balance,  interest,       $5,015.74 

Law  School  Endowment, 355.75 

Ames  Fund, 601.24 

Samuel  Ames  Bequest, 108.00 

James  and  Augusta  Barnard, 5,431.78 

Bemis  Professorship, 6,336.69 

Andreas  Blume  Bequest, 27.65 

Bussey  Professorship, 1,505.03 

Bussey  Trust  (part), 3,970.44 

Byrne  Professorship  of  Administrative  Law,      .    .  8,721.97 

James  C.  Carter  Professorship, 5,795.55 

Dane  Professorship, 988.52 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund, 

Law  School  Endowment, 1,023.03 

Gift  for  salary  of  Professor  or  Instructor  in  Patent 
Law. 

Gift, $12,636.00 

Interest,      178.25  12,814.25 

Royall  Professorship, 450.41 

Ezra  Ripley  Thayer  Teaching  Fellowship,  .    .  1,448.98 

Weld  Professorship, 5,129.73 

Gifts  for  general  expenses,    .    .    .    . 1,060.00    $60,784.76 

Income  of  Book  Funds  and  Gifts. 

Gift  of  James  Munson  Barnard  and  Augusta 

Barnard,  interest, $10.60 

John  L.  Cadwalader, 1,080.00 

Law  School  Book, 2,539.13 

Law  School  Library, 5,400.00 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund, 

Law  School  Library, 54.00 

Gifts  for  purchase  of  books, 50.00        9,133.73 

Income  of   Scholarship,  Beneficiary,  Prize  Funds  and  Gifts,   .    .    .        18,170.99 

Tuition  fees,      158,036.00 

Sale  of  books, $1,534.07 

Sale  of  Library  Catalogue, 20.00 

Sale  of  Harvard  Studies  in  Jurisprudence, 581.28 

Sale  of  type, 750.00 

Sale  of  Quinquennial  Catalogue, 18.00        2,903.35 

$249,028.83 
Eeceived  from  accumulated  income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  to  cover 

deficits  of  restricted  income,      5,687.78 

$254,716.61 
218 


h 


219 

LAW    SCHOOL  (continued) 

EXPENDITURE 

From  Scholarship,  Beneficiary,  Prize  Funds  and  Gifts, $17,305.02 

Scholarships  from  unrestricted  income, 7,050.00 

Teaching  Salaries, 110,350.00 

Library. 

Salaries  librarian  and  assistant  librarian, $9,400.00 

Services  and  wages, 10,084.74 

From  James  Munson  Barnard  and  Augusta 

Barnard  Gift,  books, 337.56 

James  and  Augusta  Barnard  Fund,  .  .  5,431.78 

Books  from  general  funds, 11,272.14 

Binding, 3,221.46 

Insurance  on  books, 190.20 

Equipment  and  supplies, 503.18 

Stationery,  postage  and  telephones, 155.93 

Freight  and  express, 1,787.28 

Printing, .75 

Travelling  expenses, 33.36 

Sundries, 126.30     42,544.68 

Administration  and  General. 

Salary  of  Secretary, $3,000.00 

Services  and  wages, 2,193.70 

Equipment  and  supplies, 542.08 

Stationery,  postage,  telephone  and  telegraph,   .    .    .  712.26 

Printing, 1,885.43 

Advertising, 155.00 

Proctors  and  monitors, 408.10 

Diplomas,      401.50 

Printing  Quinquennial  Catalogue, 3,492.53 

Dues  Association  of  American  Law  Schools,     .    .    .  42.00 

Travelling  expenses, 1,261.84 

Assistant  to  Professor, , 65.00 

Income  of  Ames  Fund  deposited  with  Dean,     .    .    .  1,100.00 

Blue  books, 199.00 

Repairs  to  telephone  system, 500.20 

Sundries, 82.90      16,041.54 

|    Repairs  and  equipment,  buildings, $6,502.60 

Caretaking,  buildings, 11,646.42      18,149.02 

University  charge. 

President's  Office,  salaries  and  expenses, $2,714.38 

Treasurer's  Office,  care  of  investments, 697.54 

Bursar's  Office,  collections  and  payments,     ....  5,707.08 

Medical  Adviser,  salary  and  expenses, 1,128.46 

Regent's  Office, 201.59 

Inspector   of    Grounds   and  Buildings,   salary   and 

expenses, 462.05 


Amounts  carried  forward, $10,911.10  $211,440.26 


220 


LAW  SCHOOL  (continued) 
EXPENDITURE 

Amounts  brought  forward, $10,911.10  $211,440.26 

University  charge  (continued) . 

Annual  Catalogue, 887.30 

Quinquennial  Catalogue, 1,486.89 

Watchmen, 678.61 

Janitor, 532.54 

Engineer, 162.38 

Carpenter, 76.26 

Purchasing  Agent, 50.57      14,785.65 

Phillips  Brooks  House,  Schedule  34, $779.46 

Gymnasiums,  Schedule  35, 2,981.15 

Stillman  Infirmary  Schedule  36, 1,564.00        5,324.61 

$231,550.52 
Restricted  income  not  used  and  added  to  Funds  and  Gifts,  .  .  .  .  19,616.59 
Surplus  of  general  income  carried  to  General  Suspense,      ....  3,549.50 

$264,716.61 


Schedule  15 

GRADUATE   SCHOOL   OF   EDUCATION 

INCOME   AND   EXPENDITURE 
For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 

Income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  for  Instruction  or  for  General  Purposes. 
Charles  William  Eliot  Fund : 

Walter  F.  Baker,     $3,822.93 

William  H.  Baldwin,  Jr 94.50 

Andrew  Bigelow, 233.89 

Stanton  Blake, 236.25 

Harvard  Endowment, 40,546.35 

Theodore  Lyman, 472.50 

Robert  C.  Mcllwain, 364.70 

Henry  S.  Nourse, 1,567.37 

William  Perkins,     1,417.50 

Ezekiel  Rogers, 167.03 

John  L.  Russell, 1,104.23 

Richard  Black  Sewall,     17,101.05 

Isaac  Sweetser, 2,216.65 

Seth  Turner, 236.25 

Gifts  for  salaries, 3,500.00 

Gifts  for  Instruction  of  the  Blind, 515.00    $73,596.20 

Amount  carried  forward, $73,596.20 


221 


GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  EDUCATION  (continued) 
INCOME 
Amount  brought  forward, $73,590.20 

Income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  for  Special  Purposes. 

Charles  W.  Hubbard  Fund, $501.30 

Gift  for  Expenses  of  Psycho-Educational  Clinic. 

Gift, $3,000.00 

Interest,      66.39        3,066.39 

Edward.  Austin  Fund,  Scholarships, 1,200.00 

Gifts  for  special  use. 

Interest, $47.86 

Other  receipts, 118.84  166.70        4,934.39 

Keceipts  from  students. 

Tuition  fees, $13,285.00 

Graduation  fees, 60.00      13,345.00 

Miscellaneous. 

Bureau  Vocational  Guidance,  receipts, $3,087.39 

Student  loans  repaid, 100.52        3,187.91 

$95,063.50 
Eeceived  from  accumulated  income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  to  cover 

deficits  of  restricted  income,      7,255.19 

Deficit  of  general  income,  Schedule  40, 177.71 

$102,496.40 

EXPENDITURE 
Administration. 

Services  and  wages, $7,084.74 

Equipment  and  supplies, 1,313.79 

Stationery  and  postage, 538.93 

Printing, 587.25 

Sundries, 135.92      $9,660.63 

struction. 

From  general  funds, $45,000.00 

From  special  funds, 6,700.00      51,700.00 

nting, 1,955.75 

ibrary. 

From  general  funds, $2,297.43 

From  special  funds, 468.89        2,766.32 

aboratory  of  Educational  Psychology. 

From  special  funds, 374.19 

sycho-Educational  Clinic. 

From  general  funds, $474.25 

From  special  funds, 6,746.87        7,221.12 

ireau  of  Vocational  Guidance,      8,610.18 

llection  of  Tests  and  Measures. 
From  special  funds, 167.22 

Amount  carried  forward, $82,455.4] 


222 


GRADUATE   SCHOOL   OF   EDUCATION  (continued) 


EXPENDITURE 


Amount  brought  forward,    .... 
Student  Aids. 

Erom  special  funds. 

Edward  Austin  Scholarships,     .    .    . 

Erom  general  funds, , 

Contingencies. 

Tuition,  courses  in  Radcliffe, 

Interest  on  advances, 

Diplomas, 

Telephones, , 

Sundries, 

Repairs,  buildings, 

Caretaking  and  operating  expenses,  buildings, 

Changes  in  Palfrey  House, 

Changes  in  Lawrence  Hall, 

University  charges. 

President's  Office,  salaries  and  expenses,    , 

Treasurer's  Office,  care  of  investments, 

Bursar's  Office,  collections  and  payments, 

Medical  Adviser,  salary  and  expenses,    . 

Regent's  Office, 

Inspector's  Office,  salary  and  expenses,  . 

Annual  Catalogue, 

Watchman, 

Janitor, •    •    •    . 

Engineer, 

Carpenter, 

Purchasing  Agent, 

Phillips  Brooks  House,  Schedule  34,  .    . 

Gymnasiums,  Schedule  35, 

Stillman  Infirmary,  Schedule  36,     .... 


$1,200.00 
2,335.21 

$700.00 

119.34 

80.50 

231.09 

1,443.79 

$422.08 

2,718.81 

716.68 

6,225.16 

$347.98 

329.82 

1,265.75 

144.64 

25.84 

383.45 

380.27 

76.48 

57.12 

18.30 

63.29 

60.95 

$99.91 

382.12 

180.00 


$82,455.41 


3,535.21 


Restricted  income  not  used  and  added  to  Eunds  and  Gifts, 


2,574.72 


10,082.73 


3,153.* 


662.03 


$102,463.99 

32.41 

$102,496.40 


Schedule  16 
MEDICAL   SCHOOL 

INCOME  AND   EXPENDITURE 
Eor  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 

Income  of  Funds  for  Instruction  and  General  Purposes. 
Anonymous  Fund  in  the  Department  of  Theory  and 

Practice, $559.66 

Edward  M.  Barringer  (part), 1,134.69 

Robert  C.  Billings  (part), 3,800.00 

BrinckerhofT  Fund, 278.53 

John  B.  and  Buckminster  Brown, 3,645.38 

Bullard  Professorship  of  Neuropathology' (part),  4,266.33 

Herbert  L.  Burrell, 336.69 

Joseph  R.  DeLamar  Bequest  (part) , 54,983.36 

Calvin  and  Lucy  Ellis, 23,312.22 

George  Fabyan  Foundation  (part),      7,300  00 

Charles  F.  Farrington  (part), 1,100.00 

Samuel  E.  Fitz, 99.14 

George  W.  Gay  Lecture  Fund  Medical  Ethics,  .  62.80 

Rebecca  A.  Greene  Bequest, 3,016.12 

Henry  Harris  (i  income), 808.35 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund : 

Kestricted  to  Medical  School, 666.58 

Harvard  Medical  Alumni, 674.90 

Harvard  Medical  Alumni  (gift), 2,425.00 

Hersey  Professorship  (|  income), 436.69 

George  Higginson, 5,993.51 

John  Homans  Memorial, 2,830.36 

Silas  Arnold  Houghton  Professorship,    .   .   .  1,361.72 

George  S.  Hyde, 2,701.08 

Jackson  Professorship  of  Clinical  Medicine,     .   .  3,736.42 

Henry  Jackson  Endowment  (part), 2,032.26 

Hamilton  Kuhn  Memorial, 10,121.72 

Walter   Augustus   Lecompte   Professorship 

(part), 2,955.21 

William  O.  Moseley, 3,002.51 

New  subscription, 2,097.90 

Lyman  Nichols, 541.08 

George  F.  Parkman,  Medical  Fund,     ....  465.53 

Henry  L.  Pierce  (Residuary), 2,117.72 

Professorship  of  Diseases  of  the  Nervous  System,  in 

memory  of  Dr.  James  Jackson  Putnam,  2,306.72 

John  D.  Rockefeller, 54,000.00 

Thomas  Morgan  Rotch  Professorship  (gift) ,  272.12 

Amount  carried  forward, $205,442.30 


224 


MEDICAL  SCHOOL  (continued) 

INCOME 

Amount  brought  forward, $205,442.30 

Income  of  Funds  for  Instruction  and  General  Purposes 
(continued) . 

Dr.  Ruppaner, 504.14 

School  of  Comparative  Medicine, 442.37 

Henry  Francis  Sears  Fund  (part),     .....  721.47 

Frederick  C.  Shattuck  (part), 6,175.00 

George  C.  Shattuck, 5,831.80 

Francis  Skinner, 2,322.59 

James  Stillman  Professorship, 6,460.94 

Mary  W.  Swett, 851.31 

Samuel  W.  Swett, 1,080.00 

Quincy  Tufts, 108.00 

Edward  Wigglesworth  Professorship,  •    .   .  .  3,366.74 

Charles  Wilder, 5,137.20 

Henry  Willard  Williams, 3,408.27 

Morrill  Wyman  Medical  Eesearch  (part) ,     .    .  6,754.52 

Gifts  for  salaries, 1,310.00:$249,916.65 

Income  of  Fellowship  Funds, 14,170.77 

Income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  for  Scholarships  and  Aids, 12,551.25 

Income  of  Prize  Funds, 867.36 

Income  of  Sundry  Funds  for  Special  Purposes. 

Edward  Austin  (Bacteriological  Laboratory) ,  .  $611.33 

Robert  C.  Billings  (part), 1,200.00 

J.  Ingersoll  Bowditch, 542.11 

Boylston,  for  Medical  Books, 117.34 

Bullard  Professorship  (part) , 554.30 

ColburnFund,      5,640.95 

Dr.  John  C.  Cutter  Bequest : 

Interest  (part), $325.53 

Royalties  on  publications,      ....            26.95  352.48 

Peter  P.  F.  Degrand  (part),    . 200.00 

Joseph  R.  DeLamar  Bequest  (part)  : 

Interest  (part), $78,935.45 

Other  receipts,      351.25  79,286.70 

Duplicate  Book  Fund. 

Sale  of  books, 608.10 

Thomas  D Wight  Memorial, 706.64 

George    Fabyan   Foundation    for   Comparative 

Pathology  (part), 5,879.20 

George  Fabyan  Foundation,  Special,     ....  730.08 

Charles  F.  Farrington  (part), 1,857.96 

Flattery  Research  Fund  (part) , 1,669.81 

F.  B.  Greenough  (for  surgical  research),  .    .    .  324.00 


Amounts  carried  forward, $100,281.00  $277,506.03 


225 


MEDICAL   SCHOOL  (continued) 
INCOME 

Amounts  brought  forward, $100,281.00  $277,506.03 

Income  of  Sundry  Funds  for  Special  Purposes 
(continued) . 
Harvard  Endowment  Fund. 

For  research,      461.16 

Department  of  Dermatology, .54 

Thomas  Dwight  Memorial, .27 

Department  of  Pathology, 27.00 

School  of  Tropical  Medicine,      54.60 

Henry  Jackson  Endowment  (part), 3,754.33 

Hamilton  Kuhn  (part), 312.65 

Walter  Augustus  Leeompte  Professorship  of 

Otology  (part), 157.29 

Medical  Library,      163.19 

Charles  S.  Minot  Bequest, 139.32 

E.  D.  Morgan  Gift,  Pathological  Laboratory,     .  414.07 

Repayments  Anatomical  Laboratory, 370.45 

"             Bacteriological  Laboratory, 220.00 

"             Chemical  Laboratory, 1,344.95 

"             Neuropathological  Laboratory,  ....  41.70 

"             Pathological  Laboratory, 13.00 

"  Comparative  Pathological  Laboratory  : 

Interest, $82.59 

Other  receipts,  .    .    .    .      1,508.75  1,591.34 

"             Pharmacological  Laboratory,      ....  134.00 

"             Physiological  Laboratory, 854.72 

"             Department  of  Medicine  Laboratory,   .  25.90 

"             Surgical  Laboratory, 109.98 

Proctor,  for  the  study  of  Chronic  Diseases,  .    .    .  3,920.78 

Maurice  H.  Richardson  Memorial, 180.25 

Henry  Francis  Sears  Fund  for  Pathology  (part) ,  1, 168.53 

James  Skillen  Memorial, 628.56 

Surgical  Laboratory  Fund. 

Interest, $270.00 

Gifts  for  income, 2,000.00  2,270.00 

William  H.  Thorndike,  Surgery,     361.85 

Zoe  D.  Underhill  Research, 542.27 

Warren  Fund  for  Anatomical  Museum,      ....  858.01 

James  C.  White  Bequest, 317.41 

William  J.  and  G-eorgianna  B.  Wright,    .  .  4,676.75 

Morrill  Wyman  Medical  Research  (part) ,  .    .    .  240.00 
School  of  Tropical  Medicine. 

James  C.  Melvin  Fund,  interest,  $2,924.86 
Frederick  C.  Shattuck  Fund, 

interest  (part), 1,581.56 


Amounts  carried  forward,        $4,506.42  $125,635.87  $277,506.03 


226 


MEDICAL   SCHOOL  (continued) 

INCOME 

Amounts  brought  forward,  $4,506.42  $125,635.87  $277,506.03 

Income  of  Sundry  Funds  for  Special  Purposes 
(continued) . 
School  of  Tropical  Medicine  (continued) . 

Gifts, 4,000.00 

Other  receipts, 911.95       9,418.37   135,054.24 

Income  of  Gifts  for  Special  Use. 

Gifts, $34,777.49 

Interest  and  other  receipts, 31,789.64      66,567.13 

Receipts  from  students. 
Tuition  Fees.  * 

Regular  courses, $96,924.65 

Dental  students, 11,150.00 

Division  of  Medical  Sciences,   .    .    .      1,397.00$109,471.65 

Matriculation  fees,      785.00 

Examination  fees, 6.00 

Microscope  fees, 1,704.00 

Laboratory  fees  and  supplies. 

Anatomy, $6.00 

Bacteriology, 3.00 

Histology, 219.00 

Physiology, 210.00 

$438.00 
Less  Pees  in  Biological  Chemistry  credited 

in  1919-20  and  returned  in  1920-21,     .  10.36         427.64    112,394.29 

Miscellaneous  receipts. 

Peter  Bent  Brigham  Hospital  for  library  service,     $800.00 
Appropriation  from  University 25,000.00      25,800.00 

$617,321.69 
Received  from  accumulated  income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  to  cover 

deficits  of  restricted  income, 26,866.14 

Overdrafts  against  sundry  funds  and  gifts  carried  to  General  Sus- 
pense,       10,282.03 

Credit  balances  of  laboratory  fees  in  General  Suspense  used,    ...  116.53 

Deficit  of  general  income,  Schedule  40, 16,022.80 

$670,609.19 
EXPENDITURE 

From  Fellowship  Funds, $2,312.50 

From  Scholarship  and  Aid  Funds  and  Gifts, 9,905.00 

From  Prize  Funds, 10.00 

From  Sundry  Funds  for  Special  Purposes. 

Edward  Austin  (Bacteriological  Laboratory),  .        $493.83 

Robert  C.  Billings, 1,200.00 

J.  Ingersoll  Bowditch,  Physiology, 540.71 

Amounts  carried  forward,   .....       $2,234.54  $12,227.50 


227 


MEDICAL  SCHOOL  (continued) 
EXPENDITURE 

Amounts  brought  forward, $2,234.54  $12,227.50 

From  Sundry  Funds  for  Special  Purposes  (continued). 

Boylston,  for  Medical  Books, 38.07 

Billiard  Professorship  of  Neuropathology  (part),  554.30 

Dr.  John  C.  Cutter  Bequest  (part), 472.92 

Joseph  R.  DeLamar  Fund, 27,100.10 

Peter  P.  F.  Degrand  Fund,  books, 301.05 

Thomas  D wight  Memorial, 775.40 

Duplicate  Book  Fund, 718.24 

George    Fabyan   Foundation   for    Comparative 

Pathology  (part), 700.00 

George  Fabyan  Foundation,  Special, 700.00 

Charles  F.  Farrington  (part), 1,089.78 

F.  B.  Greenough  Fund,      324.00 

"Walter  Augustus  Lecompte  Professorship 

of  Otology  (part), 157.29 

Harriet  Newell  Lowell, 464.03 

E.  D.  Morgan  Gift  to  Pathological  Laboratory,  .  67.22 

Repayment  Anatomical  Laboratory, 372.05 

"          Bacteriological  Laboratory, 220.00 

"          Chemical  Laboratory, 1,344.95 

"           Department  Medicine  Laboratory,  .    .    .  25.90 

"          Neuropathological  Laboratory,    ....  41.70 

"          Pathological  Laboratory, 13.00 

"          Comparative  Pathological  Laboratory,  .  1,969.14 

u          Pharmacological  Laboratory, 134.00 

"           Physiological  Laboratory, 854.72 

"           Surgical  Laboratory, 109.98 

Proctor,  for  the  study  of  Chronic  Diseases,  .    .    .  1,823.43 

School  of  Tropical  Medicine, $19,769.98 

Less  paid  for  salaries, 13,675.00  6,094.98 

Henry   Francis    Sears   Fund   for  Pathology 

(part), 1,168.53 

Surgical  Laboratory, 1,440.31 

Zoe  D.  Underhill  Fund, 584.03 

Morrill  Wyman  Medical  Research  (part),     .   .  240.00 
Warren  Anatomical  Museum : 

Henry  Jackson  Endowment  (part),  .    .    .  2,310.31      54,443.97 

From  Sundry  Gifts  for  Special  Purposes, 65,326.70 

From  fees  received  for  use  of  microscopes, 1,820.53 

Appropriations . 

Advertising  and  catalogues, $1,174.47 

Anatomy, 7,494.03 

Animal  Farm, 2,540.00 

Amounts  carried  forward, $11,208.50  $133,818.70 


228 


MEDICAL   SCHOOL  (continued) 
EXPENDITURE 

Amounts  brought  forward, $11,208.50  $133,818.70 

Appropriations  {continued) . 

Books  and  service  for  the  library, 5,480.00 

Physiology, 7,691.47 

Comparative  Physiology, 1,280.00 

Biological  Chemistry, 5,562.45 

Bacteriology, 2,660.00 

Pathology, 4,013.81 

Preventive  Medicine  and  Hygiene, 5,366.66 

Pharmacology, 3,665.24 

Pediatrics,      96.58 

Surgery, 3,795.97 

Obstetrics, 27.00 

Diseases  of  the  Nervous  System, 4,173.43 

Medicine, 1,977.73      56,998.89 

Administrative  expenses. 

Salaries, $5,187.50 

Services  and  wages, 4,943.00 

Office  supplies  and  expenses, 2,273.71      12,404.21 

General. 

Salaries  for  instruction : 

Prom  Edward  Hiekling  Brad- 
ford Fellowship,    $1,250.00 

Arthur  Tracy  Cabot  Fellow- 
ship,               1,041.68 

Charles  Follen  Folsom  Fel- 
lowship,      575.00 

Sundry  Funds  and  Gifts,     ....    194,388.79 

General  Income, 82, 006. 19 $279,261. 66 

Stationery,  postage,  telephone  and  telegraph,   .    .    .  2,436.93 

Printing, 329.69 

Boston  Medical  Library, 200.00 

Diplomas, 245.50 

Dues  Association  of  Medical  Colleges, 50.00 

Blue  books, 158.80 

Machine  shop, 257.93 

Equipment  and  supplies, 627.96 

Advertising, 61.80 

Eepairs,  Van  Dyke  and  Villa  Streets, 221.99 

Travelling  Expenses, 113.00 

Adjustment  to  repay  restricted  funds  for  amount  of 

income  used  in  1919-20, 330.76 

Sundries, 155.71 

Repairs  and  equipment,  buildings, 8,483.65 

Amounts  carried  forward,  .......  $292,935.38  $203,221.80 


229 


MEDICAL  SCHOOL  (continued) 
EXPENDITURE 

Amounts  brought  forward, $292,935.38  $203,221.80 

General  (continued) . 

Caretaking,  land  and  buildings, 48,699.18 

Building  "  B  "  changes,      84.42 

"C"         »  2,123.18 

"E"         «  6,277.75    350.119.91 

Retiring  allowance, 750.00 

Interest  on  advances,      „ 716.35 

University  charge. 

President's  Office,  salaries  and  expenses, $1,262.26 

Treasurer's  Office,  care  of  investments, 3,182.15 

Bursar's  Office,  collections  and  payments,     ....        5,199.27 
Inspector  of   Grounds   and   Buildings,   salary   and 

expenses, 1,086.07 

Carpenter, 179.25 

Annual  Catalogue, „ 1,140.81 

Quinquennial  Catalogue, 1,238.86 

Purchasing  Agent, 80.35      13,369.02 

$568,177.08 
Restricted  income  not  used  and  added  to  Funds  and  Gifts,  ....  101,973.41 
Restricted  income  carried  to  General  Suspense  to  pay  overdrafts  of 

former  years, 458.70 

$670,609.19 


Schedule  17 
MEDICAL    SCHOOL,  COURSES   FOR   GRADUATES 
INCOME  AND    EXPENDITURE 
Eor  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 
Receipts  from  students. 

Tuition  and  other  fees. 

Eor  instruction  in  1920-21, $51,059.49 

Eor  instruction  in  1921-22, 15,147.47    $66,206.96 

Miscellaneous  receipts. 

Interest  on  balance, $602.79 

Receipts  for  printing, 486.05        1,088.84 

$67,295.80 

Credit  balance  in  General  Suspense  used 16,937.85 

$84,233.65 


230 


MEDICAL  SCHOOL,  COURSES  FOR  GRADUATES 

(continued) 

EXPENDITURE 

Administrative  expenses. 

Salaries  for  administration, $1,440.00 

Services  and  wages, 4,805.76 

Equipment  and  supplies, 1,042.41 

Stationery  and  postage, 484.99 

Printing  supplies, 1,958.40 

Sundries, 96.55      $9,828.11 

General. 

Salaries  for  instruction, $49,531.10 

Services  and  wages, 6,950.01 

Equipment  and  supplies, 803.13 

Advertising, 1,561.30 

Travelling  expenses, 404.50 

Sundries, 8.03      59,258.07 

$69,086.18 

1921-22  general  income  received  in  advance  and  carried  to  General 

Suspense, 15,147.47 

$84,233.65 


Schedule  18 

MEDICAL    SCHOOL   HEAT    AND    POWER   PLANT 

INCOME  AND   EXPENDITURE 
For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 
Receipts  from  the  sale  of  heat  and  power, $190,575.08 

EXPENDITURE 
Expenses  of  heat  and  power  plant, $190,575.08 


6 


Schedule  19 
COLLIS   P.   HUNTINGTON  MEMORIAL   HOSPITAL 

INCOME   AND   EXPENDITURE 

For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 
Income  of  Funds  and  Gifts. 

Memorial  Cancer  Hospital  Endowment, $6,794.12 

Memorial  Cancer  Hospital  Proctor  Maintenance 

Fund,      200.00 

Francis  Bartlett  Free  Bed  Fund, 270.00 

T.  Jefferson  Coolidge  Fund  for  Research,  .    .  108.00 

Caroline  Brewer  Croft  Fund, 4,969.35 

William  Endicott  Fund, 1,350.00 

Lawrence  Carteret  Fenno  Fund, 1,080.00 

Lawrence  Carteret  Fenno  Free  Bed  Fund,  .  270.00 

Flattery  Research  Fund  (part), 750.00 

Franklin  H.  Hooper  Free  Bed  Fund,  ....  270.00 

Amos  Lawrence  Hopkins  Free  Bed  Fund,     .  270.00 

Maria  D.  Lockwood.  Memorial, 2,739.37 

James  Ewing  Mears  Bequest, 478.55 

George  von  L.  Meyer  Bequest, 135.00 

Julia  M.  Moseley  Fund, 875.00 

Clara  Endicott  Payson  Memorial  Free  Bed 

Fund, 270.00 

Emily  J.  Proctor  Gift, 140.72 

Research  Laboratory  Fund, 458.36    $21,428.47 

Memorial  Cancer  Hospital  New  Laboratory  Build- 
ing Gifts. 

Gifts,      $115,025.00 

Interest, 2,036.96  $117,061.96 

Gifts  for  salaries, 2,000.00 

"         current  use,      16,725.00 

"       services  of  technician, 1,980.00 

"       expenses  of  social  service  worker,   ....  50.00    137,816.96 
Miscellaneous. 

Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts,  for  service  rendered,     .    .    .  1,506.95 

$160,752.38 
Received  from  the  accumulated  income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  to  cover 

deficits  of  restricted  income,      34,175.32 

$194,927.70 

EXPENDITURE 

Salaries,     ...••• $17,675.02 

Cash  to  Treasurer  of  Collis  P.  Huntington  Memo- 
rial Hospital,     60,000.00 

Construction  of  New  Laboratory  Building, 35,054.30  $112,729.32 

$112,729.32 
Restricted  income  not  used  and  added  to  Funds  and  Gifts,    ....  82,198.38 


$194,927.70 
231 


DENTAL    SCHOOL 

INCOME  AND   EXPENDITURE 
For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 


Schedule  20 


INCOME 
Income  of  Funds  and  Gifts. 

Dental  School  Endowment  (1880), 

Dental  School  Endowment  (1911), 

Dental  School  Endowment  of  the  Class  of  1886 
«  "  »  "       "    1888 

"  »  "  "       »     1891 

a  u       u       a         u   1892 

u         ti  a  «    »   1893 

«       «     u     c<   «  1895 

"  »         U         C«     «    1901 

<<       u  tt  «  ct    1904 

a         <<       «       ct    a      1907 

"  "  "  "      "    1909 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund,  Dental  School,    .    . 

for  housing  collection, 

for  Eugene  Hanes  Smith  Scholarship,  . 
Harvard  Dental  Alumni  Endowment. 

Interest, .    .    .       $342.63 

Gift  for  income, 10.00 

John  D.  Bryant, 

Helen  Collamore, 

Maria  Antoinette  Evans  Bequest,     

Caroline  S.  Freeman  Bequest, 

Norman  H.  George  Bequest, 

Katherine  C.  Pierce  Endowment, 

Proctor  Bequest, 

Mary  P.  Russell  Bequest,     

Joseph  Warren  Smith,  Jr., 

Henry  C.  Warren  Endowment, 

Daniel  A.  Buckley  Scholarships  (part),    .    .    . 

Joseph  Eveleth  Scholarship  (part), 

Eugene  Hanes  Smith  Scholarship, 

Gift  for  Expenses  of  Visiting  Committees,    .... 
Receipts  from  students. 

Tuition  fees, $37,570.00 

Less  transferred  to  Medical  School,    11,150.00 

Chemistry,  breakage  and  supplies, 

Mechanical  and  operative  dentistry,  breakage  and 

supplies, 

Biology,  laboratory  fees, 

Amounts  carried  forward, 

232 


$509.65 

1,507.36 

2.70 

5.40 

5.40 

5.40 

5.40 

9.07 

1.35 

1.35 

.54 

2.70 

30.13 

2.16 

91.37 


352.63 
675.38 
545.40 

1,001.71 
270.00 
552.90 
567.65 
27.00 
270.00 
557.55 

1,242.00 
300.00 
225.00 
120.58 

1,532.50 


$26,420.00 
4,314.38 

1,527.66 
400.00 


$10,420. 


$32,662.04    $10,420.28 


233 


DENTAL   SCHOOL  (continued) 

INCOME 

Amounts  brought  forward, $32,662.04    $10,420.28 

Keceipts  from  students  (continued) . 

Dental  Laboratory,  laboratory  fees, 1,175.00 

Examination  fees, 54.00 

Oral  Anatomy,  laboratory  fees, 186.00 

Registration  fees, 35.00 

Duplicate  diplomas, 10.00      34,122.04 

Fees  from  Infirmary, 24,073.80 

Sale  of  gold  and  platinum $2,615.11 

"    radiographs, 2,235.00 

"    Quinquennial  Catalogue, 596.10 

Interest  on  special  bank  deposit, 67.36 

Use  of  building  by  State  Board, 100.00 

Sundry  receipts, 455.77        6,069.34 

Appropriation  from  University, 6,000.00 

$80,685.46 
Received  from  accumulated  income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  to  cover 

deficits  of  restricted  income,      85.00 

Deficit  of  general  income,  Schedule  40, 39,006.77 

$119,777.23 

EXPENDITURE 

From  Funds  and  Gifts. 

Daniel  A.  Buckley  Scholarships, $300.00 

Joseph  Eveleth  Scholarships, 225.00 

E.  H.  Smith  Scholarship, 150.00 

Y.  M.  C  A.  Scholarship,    . 85.00 

Gifts  for  Expenses  of  Visiting  Committees,       .    .    .  670.69      $1,430.69 

Dean's  Office. 

Services  and  wages, 2,086.64 

General. 

Salaries  for  instruction, $47,965.00 

Services  and  wages, 15,595.43 

Equipment  and  supplies, 18,211.27 

Stationery,  postage,  telephone  and  telegraph,    .    .    .  779.11 

Printing, 4,202.07 

Advertising, 1,839.40 

Books  and  binding, 208.46 

Laundry, 925.02 

Diplomas,      116.35 

Luncheon, 192.00 

Professional  Services,    . 100.00 

Supplies  for  laboratory  of  Biology, 219.26 

Rent  of  piano, 45.00 

Dues  to  Institute  of  Dental  Teachers, 20.00 

Amounts  carried  forward, $90,418.37      $3,517.33 


234 


DENTAL  SCHOOL  (continued) 
EXPENDITURE 

Amounts  brought  forward, $90,418.37     $3,517.33 

General  (continued). 

Refunds  to  patients, 148.75 

Proctors, 49.00 

Travelling  expenses, 157.00 

Dues  to  Dental  Faculties  Association  of  American 

Universities,      50.00 

Contribution  for  support  of  Paris  publication,       .    .  50.00 

Part  cost  of  Dental  Index, 75.00 

Sundries, 352.87      91,300.99 

Interest  on  advances,  general  school  account, $4,381.50 

Interest  on  advances,  building  account, 5,201.01        9,582.51 

Repairs  and  equipment,  buildings, $869.09 

Caretaking,  land  and  buildings, 10,941.23      11,810.32 

University  charge. 

President's  Office,  salaries  and  expenses, 667.07 

Treasurer's  Office,  care  of  investments, 256.13 

Bursar's  Office,  collections  and  payments,      ....  846.99 
Inspector  of  Grounds  and  Buildings,  salary  and  ex- 
penses,      50.01 

Carpenter, 8.26 

Annual  Catalogue, 253.51 

Quinquennial  Catalogue, 210.76 

Purchasing  Agent, 9.74 


:-.-. 


Restricted  income  not  used  and  added  to  Funds  and  Gifts. 


2,302.47 

62 

61 

$119,777.23 


$118,513. 
1,263. 


Schedule  21 
BUSSEY   INSTITUTION 

INCOME  AND   EXPENDITURE 
For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 
Income  of  Funds  and  Gifts. 

Bussey  Trust  (part), $7,940.88 

Bussey  Endowment, 7,198.42 

Harvard.  EndoAvment  Fund. 

Anna  C.  Ames  Memorial  Scholarship,  .    .    .  89.48 

For  books, 2.21 

For  Harvard  Forest, 20.25 

Anna  C.  Ames  Memorial  Scholarship, 588.17 

Mrs.  William  H.  Bliss, 2,756.88 

George  H.  Emerson  Scholarship  (part),  .    .   .  400.00 

Priscilla  Clark  Hodges  Scholarship,   ....  252.67 

Gordon  McKay  Endowment  (part),   .  .   .  .  15,000.00 

Gifts  for  salaries, 1,200.00   $35,448.96 

Gifts  raised  by  Visiting  Committee,  interest,    .    .    .  $36.77 

Forestry  operations  at  Petersham, 7,445.23 

Sale  of  house  at  Harvard  Forest, 3,047.45      10,529.45 

Tuition  fees, $2,850.00 

Graduation  fees, 40.00 

Rent  of  Antitoxin  stable, 1,008.32 

Rent  of  barn, 50.00 

Rents  of  dormitory  rooms, 1,277.55 

Rent  of  house,      600.00 

Rent  of  Pasture, 70.00 

Laboratory  fees, 42.50 

Miscellaneous  receipts, 199.40        6,137.77 

Appropriation  from  University, 5,000.00 

$57,116.18 
Received  from  accumulated  income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  to  cover 

deficits  of  restricted  income,      113.53 

Credit  balances  in  General  Suspense  used, 1,203.77 

Deficit  of  general  income,  Schedule  40,      10,472.98 

$68,906.46 


EXPENDITURE 
From  Scholarship  Funds. 

Anna  C.  Ames  Memorial, $300.00 

Mrs.  William  H.  Bliss, 1,125.00 

George  H.  Emerson,    ....       400.00 

Priscilla  Clark  Hodges, 112.50     $1,937.50 

Amount  carried  forward, $1,937.50 


236 


BUSSEY  INSTITUTION  (continued) 

EXPENDITURE 
Amount  brought  forward, $1,937.50 

From  Eunds  and  Gifts  for  special  purposes. 

Forestry  operations  at  Petersham, $8,649.00 

Repairs  to  buildings  at  Harvard  Forest  paid  from 

special  account, 3,047.45 

Gift  for   expenses  experimental  garden  in  plant 

genetics, 150.30      11,846.75 

Scholarships  from  unrestricted  income,      .....    .    .  150.00 

Salaries, $29,050.00 

Services  and  wages, 5,480.86 

Equipment  and  supplies, 5,205.03 

Stationery,  postage,  telephone  and  telegraph, 267.68 

Printing, 194.88 

Books  and  binding,      1,149.07 

Labor  and  teaming, 1,198.80 

Laundry, 47.43 

Express, 43.33 

General  expenses,  Department  of  Forestry, 264.42 

Roadmaking  at  Petersham, 700.00 

Sundries, 120.62      43,722.12 

Repairs,  buildings,      $903.28 

Caretaking  and  operating  expenses,  buildings,      ....  7,199.74        8,103.02 
University  charge. 

President's  Office,  salaries  and  expenses, $43.13 

Treasurer's  Office,  care  of  investments, 459.53 

Bursar's  Office,  collections  and  payments, 312.77 

Annual  Catalogue, 126.76 

Quinquennial  Catalogue, 33.41 

Purchasing  Agent, 1.52           977.12 

$66,736.51 
Restricted  income  not  used  and  added  to  Funds  and  Gifts,     ....  2,169.95 

$68,906.46 


£.::■ 


Schedule  22 
ARNOLD   ARBORETUM 

INCOME   AND   EXPENDITURE 
For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 
Income  of  Funds  and  Gifts. 

Arnold  Arboretum, $6,785.10 

Arnold  Arboretum  Endowment  (1917),      ....  17,384.20 

James  Arnold, 8,992.84 

Arboretum  Construction  Gifts,  interest,      5,384.07 

Robert  Charles  Billings, 709.00 

William  L.  Bradley  Eund, 1,136.16 

Bussey,  for  the  Arnold  Arboretum, 124.63 

Helen  Collamore  Bequest, 136.35 

Maria  Antoinette  Evans  Bequest      1,001.71 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund,  Stephen  M.  Weld 

Memorial,      617.65 

Massachusetts  Society  for  Promoting  Agriculture,  .  499.39 

Mary  Robeson  Sargent, 270.00 

Francis  Skinner, 1,080.00 

Francis  Skinner,  Jr.  Bequest, 540.00 

Bayard  and  Ruth  S.  Thayer, 1,255.00 

Edward  Whitney, 80.35   $45,996.45 

I  Gifts  for  present  use,      $21,175.00 

Gifts  for  purchase  of  Bussey  land,  interest,      414.50 

Gift  for  expenses  of  expedition  to  Australasia  (interest),  22.72      21,612.22 

Subscriptions  to  Bulletins  of  Popular  Information,  .    .    .  $493.18 

Sale  of  Journal, 244.94 

Sale  of  sundry  publications, 1,141.57 

Sale  of  Library  Catalogue, 80.00 

Sale  of  wood, 68.00 

Sale  of  surplus  material, 4,735.10 

Sale  of  books,      150.00 

Sale  of  photographs, 22.00 

Sale  of  herbarium  specimens, 1,362.70 

Fees  for  courses  of  lectures, 45.00 

Miscellaneous  receipts, 14.25        8,356.74 

$75,965.41 
Received  from  accumulated  income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  to  cover 
1    deficits  of  restricted  income, 251.45 

$76,216.86 

237 


238 


ARNOLD    ARBORETUM   (continued) 

EXPENDITURE 

From  Mary  Robeson  Sargent  Fund,     $317.20 

From  Edward  Whitney  Fund, 70.00 

From  Sears  Gift  for  Library, 125.78 

For  expedition  to  Australasia, 148.39         $661.37 

General. 

Salaries, $9,400.00 

Services  and  wages, 9,948.54 

Equipment  and  supplies, 5,370.41 

Stationery,  postage,  telephone  and  telegraph,    .    .    .  336.50 

Labor  and  teaming, 21,727.74 

General  printing,      650.05 

Expenses  of  expeditions, 1,097.15 

Freight,  express,  etc., 367.57 

Bradley  Bibliography  of  Trees, 1,888.27 

Premium  on  liability  insurance, 123.54 

Printing  bulletins  and  expenses  of  mailing  same,  .    .  789.66 

Printing  Quarterly,      478.71 

Sundries, 162.96 

Caretaking  and  operating  expenses,  buildings,      .    .       1,329.29 

Repairs,  buildings, 371.88      54,042.27 

University  charge. 

Treasurer's  Office,  care  of  investments, $465.09 

Bursar's  Office,  collections  and  payments,    ....  337.32 

Purchasing  Agent, .47  802.88 

$55,506.52 
Restricted  income  not  used  and  added  to  Funds  and  Gifts,     ....  874.49 

Surplus  of  general  income  added  to  Arboretum  Construction  Gifts,        19,835.85 

$76,216.86 


Cr-: 


Schedule  23 
BOTANIC   GARDEN 

INCOME   AND   EXPENDITURE 
Eor  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 
Income  of  Funds. 

Botanic  Department  (f  income), $1,342.58 

Lowell,  for  a  Botanic  Garden, 3,730.05 

John  L.  Russell  (^  income), 27.00 

Interest  on  mortgage, 25.00      $5,124.63 

Material  supplied  courses  in  Botany, $261.00 

Micellaneous  receipts, 12.00  273.00 

$5,397.63 

Deficit  of  general  income,  Schedule  40, 2,257.50 

$7,655.13 


EXPENDITURE 

Labor, $5,119.37 

Equipment  and  supplies, 504.93 

Stationery,  postage,  telephone  and  telegraph, 101.37 

Caretaking  and  operating  expenses,  buildings,      ....  1,367.38 

Repairs  and  equipment,  buildings, 7.95 

Express  and  cartage, 39 .49 

Interest  on  advances,      •   • 411.42 

Sundries, 4J30      $7,556.71 

University  charge. 

Treasurer's  Office,  care  of  investments,      $56.68 

Bursar's  Office,  collections  and  payments,     ....  41.74           $98.42 

$7,655.13 


Schedule  24 
BOTANICAL   MUSEUM 

INCOME    AND    EXPENDITURE 
Eor  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 

Botanical  Museum  balance,  interest, $85.84 

Gifts  for  present  use. 

Gifts  for  Botanical  Museum, 3,884.16 

Gift  for  Cases,  interest,      22.58     $3,992.58 

$3,992.58 

Credit  balance  in  General  Suspense  used 1,046.93 

$5,039.51 


240 


BOTANICAL  MUSEUM  (continued) 

EXPENDITURE 

Services  and  wages, $2,350.00 

Equipment  and  supplies, 167.40 

Stationery,  postage,  telephone,  etc., 27.06 

Printing, 10.46 

Work  on  cases, 2,132.45 

Special  services, 300.00      $4,987.37 

University  charge. 

Bursar's  Office,  collections  and  payments, $29.46 

Purchasing  agent, .10             29.56 

$5,016.93 
Restricted  income  not  used  and  added  to  Eunds  and  Gifts,    ....  22.58 

$5,039.51 


Schedule  25 
GRAY   HERBARIUM 

INCOME  AND  EXPENDITURE 
For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 
Income  of  Eunds. 

Gray  Herbarium  balance,  interest, $628.05 

Robert  Charles  Billings, 810.00 

Helen  Collamore  Bequest, 81.81 

Asa  Gray  Memorial, 1,793.39 

Asa  Gray  Professorship  of  Systematic  Botany,    .  1,159.92 

Herbarium, 1,115.42 

Rose  Hollings worth, 27.00 

Sarah  E.  Potter  Endowment, 10,880.46 

John  L.  Russell  (i  income), 81.00    $16,577.05 

Gift  for  construction,  interest,      41.75 

Gifts  for  immediate  use, 1,535.00 

Asa  Gray's  copyrights, $566.01 

Sale  of  card  index, 2,151.61 

"      other  publications, 108.95 

"      duplicate  books  and  pamphlets, 69.96 

Miscellaneous  receipts, 108.73        3,005.26 

$21,159.06 
Received  from  accumulated  income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  to  cover 

deficits  of  restricted  income,     .    .   . 125.06 

$21,284.12 


24:1 

GRAY  HERBARIUM  (continued) 

EXPENDITURE 

From  Asa  Gray  Professorship  of  Systematic  Botany 
Fund. 

Salary  of  Asa  Gray  Professor  (part), $1,159.92 

From  Gift  for  construction, 166.81 

Salaries, $4,673.08 

Services  and  wages, 5,501.68 

Equipment  and  supplies, 1,287.26 

Stationery,  postage,  telephone  and  telegraph, 169.78 

Printing, 1,625.70 

Books, 751.45 

Binding, 176.65 

Explorations, 389.70 

Sundries, 5.09 

Repairs,  buildings, 145.03 

Caretaking  and  operating  expenses,  buildings,      ....  2,154.22      16,879.64 
University  charge. 

Treasurer's  Office,  care  of  investments, $180.61 

Bursar's  Office,  collections  and  payments,      ....  171.85 
Inspector   of  Grounds   and  Buildings,    salary  and 

expenses, 13.70 

Engineer, 27.98 

Carpenter, 2.26 

Purchasing  Agent, 1.20           397.60 

$18,603.97 
Surplus  of  general  income  carried  to  General  Suspense,      ....         2,680.15 

$21,284.12 


Schedule  26 


OBSERVATORY 

INCOME  AND  EXPENDITURE 
For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 


INCOME 
Income  of  Funds  and  Gifts. 

Advancement  of  Astronomical  Science  (1901),     .   .  $179.55 

Advancement  of  Astronomical  Science  (1902),    .   .  604.00 

Amory  Astronomical  Fund, 3,438.94 

Thomas  G.  Appleton, 270.00 

J.  Ingersoll  Bowditch, 135.00 

Uriah  A.  Boyden, 9,990.00 

Henry  Draper  Memorial : 

Interest, $1,620.00 

Gifts  for  income, 4,000.00  5,620.00 

J.  Rayner  Edmands, 54.76 

Charlotte  Harris, 108.00 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund,  Library  of  Observatory,  8 .75 

Haven, 2,430.00 

James  Hay  ward, 1,134.00 

Observatory  Endowment, 2,700.00 

Paine  Professorship, 2,840.40 

Robert  Treat  Paine, 14,792.33 

Edward  B.  Phillips, 6,029.21 

Edward  C.  Pickering  Bequest,     17.12 

E.  C.  Pickering  Fellowship, 571.84 

Josiah  Quincy, 613.12 

James  Savage  (i  net  income), 492.00 

David  Sears  (1845), 1,557.90 

David  Sears  (1916), 1,350.00 

Augustus  Story, 722.52    $55,659.44 

Charles  S.  Hinchman  Fellowship,  interest,     .  $20.00 
Gift  for  publishing  Henry  Draper  Catalogue. 

Gift, $2,025.00 

Interest, 30.12  2,055.12       2,075.12 

Miscellaneous. 

Sale  of  photographs, $17.70 

"     Annals, 91.30 

"    sundry  publications, 114.90 

Appropriation  from  University, 5,166.67        5,390.57 

$63,125.13 
Received  from  accumulated  income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  to  cover 

deficits  of  restricted  income,      1,536.23 

$64,661.36 
242 


243 


OBSERVATORY  (continued) 
EXPENDITURE 

From  Advancement  of  Astronomical  Science  Fund  (1901) . 

Overdraft  of  Draper  Memorial  Fund,  1920-21, $1,240.26 

From  Uriah  A.  Boyden  Fund. 

Services  and  wages, $3,530.88 

Equipment  and  supplies, 688.95 

Expedition  to  Jamaica, 3,234.47 

Expedition  to  Peru, 2,027.46 

Books, .  67.28 

Freight,  express,  customs,  etc 323.04        9,872.08 

From  Draper  Memorial  Fund. 

Administrative  and  executive  expenses, $2,000.00 

Services  and  wages, 2,660.26 

Rent  and  care  of  space  in  building, 2,200.00 

$6,860.26 
Less  overdraft  transferred  to  Advancement  of 

Astronomical  Science  Fund  (1901), 1,240.26        5,620.00 

From  Gift  for  publishing  lunar  photographs, 42.35 

From  Charles  S.  Hinchman  Fellowship, 453.17 

From  Edward  C.  Pickering  Fellowship  for  Women,    ....  500.00 

Salaries, $14,671.84 

Services  and  wages, 8,491.43 

Equipment  and  supplies, 2,366.64 

Stationery,  postage,  telephone  and  telegraph, 603.50 

Printing, 670.63 

Binding, 195.72 

Books, 257.82 

Printing  Annals,      2,368.01 

Use  of  house, 90.00 

Freight,  teaming,  express,  etc 162.97 

Labor  on  grounds, 1,209.61 

Laundry  work, 41.63 

Work  on  dwelling, 1,767.01 

Sundries, 65.60 

Repairs,  buildings, 248.31 

Caretaking  and  operating  expenses,  buildings, 2,416.18 

$35,626.9~0 
Less  amount  transferred  to 

Draper  Memorial  Fund, 4,200.00      31,426.90 

University  charge. 

Treasurer's  Office,  care  of  investments,      $560.32 

Bursar's  Office,  collections  and  payments, 253.36 

Inspector's  Office,  salary  and  expenses, 82.13 

Carpenter, 13.72  909.53 

$50,064.29 

Restricted  income  not  used  and  added  to  Funds  and  Gifts,     ....         9,942.16 
Surplus  of  general  income  added  to  the  Advancement  of  Astronom- 
ical Science  (1901)  Fund,      4,654.91 

$64,661.36 


Schedule  27 

BLUE   HILL   METEOROLOGICAL   OBSERVATORY 

INCOME   AND   EXPENDITURE 
Tor  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 

Income  of  A.  Lawrence  Rotch  Bequest, $2,818.64 

"       "  "Waldo  E.  Forbes  Fund,      324.00 

Aimee  Sargent  Bequest, 1,350.00 

Harvard.  Endowment  Fund,  Blue  Hill  Observatory,    .  270.00      $4,762.64 

Gifts  for  present  use,       1,500.00 

Appropriation  from  University, 600.00 

$6,862.64 
Received  from  accumulated  income  of  the  A.  Lawrence  Rotch 

Bequest  to  cover  in  part  the  deficit  of  general  income, 2,122.34 

Remainder  of  deficit  of  general  income,  Schedule  40, 173.85 

$9,158.83 

EXPENDITURE 

Salary  of  Director, $5,000.00 

Services  and  wages, 2,345.46 

Equipment  and  supplies, 304.71 

Stationery,  postage,  telephone  and  telegraph, 113.64 

Books, 94.25 

Freight  and  express, 76.73 

Laundry, 29.15 

Binding, 61.50 

Sundries, 17.09 

Repairs,  building, 221.03 

Caretaking,  and  operating  expenses  building, 831.77      $9,095.33 

University  charge. 

Treasurer's  Office,  care  of  investments,      $51.22 

Bursar's  Office,  receipts  and  payments, 12.28             63.50 

$9,158.83 


244 


Schedule  28 
MUSEUM   OF   COMPARATIVE  ZOOLOGY 

INCOME  AND  EXPENDITURE 

For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 
Income  of  Funds. 

Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  balance,  interest,  $1,834.56 

Agassiz  Memorial, 16,088.38 

Alexander  Agassiz  Bequest,  General  Purposes. 

Interest, $3,213.00 

Allowance  from  College  to  increase 
income  to  rate  of  income  of  funds 

in  general  investments, 2,160.00  5,373.00 

Alexander  Agassiz  Bequest  for  Publications,  .  4,865.12 

George  It.  Agassiz, 2,700.00 

George  R.  Agassiz  Special  Fund, 2,700.00 

Louis  Cabot, 300.46 

Virginia  Barret  Gibbs  Scholarship, 407.27 

Gray  Fund  for  Zoological  Museum, 2,700.00 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund,  Museum  Comparative 

Zoology, 54.00 

Humboldt, 484.05 

Willard  Peele  Hunnewell, 302.67 

Permanent  Fund  for  Museum  of  Zoology,    ....  6,343.33 

Henry  L.  Pierce,  Kesiduary  (part), 4,737.73 

Teachers'  and  Pupils', 410.08 

Maria  Whitney, 377.03 

Maria  Whitney  and  James  Lyman  Whitney,  34.18   $49,711.86 

Use  of  lecture  rooms  by  Kadcliffe  College, $700.00 

Sale  of  publications, 435.22        1,135.22 

$50,847.08 

EXPENDITURE 

Alexander  Agassiz  Bequest  for  Publications,  .    .    .  $1,849.57 

Louis  Cabot  Fund, 100.33 

Virginia  Barrett  Gibbs  Scholarship, 325.00 

Humboldt  Fund, 370.00 

Willard  Peele  Hunnewell  Fund, 302.67 

Maria  Whitney  Fund, 253.54 

Maria  Whitney  and  James  Lyman  Whitney 

Fund, 25.25      $3,226.36 

Salaries, $13,858.83 

Services  and  wages, 13,557.98 

Equipment  and  supplies, 1,072.72 

Amounts  carried  forward, $28,489.53      $3,226.36 

245 


246 


MUSEUM   OF   COMPARATIVE   ZOOLOGY  (continued) 
EXPENDITURE 
Amounts  brought  forward. $28,489.53      $3,226. 

Stationery,  postage,  telephone  and  telegraph, 73.23 

Printing, 4,916.92 

Collections  and  collectors  expenses, 120.00 

Books, 223.43 

Binding, 486.46 

Freight,  cartage,  etc 190.39 

Laundry  work, 77.10 

Sundries, 33.25 

Repairs,  building, 600.90 

Caretaking  and  operating  expenses,  building, 9,576.75      44,787. 

University  charge. 

Treasurer's  Office,  care  of  investments, $616.50 

Bursar's  Office,  collections  and  payments,   ....  186.58           803. 

$48,816. 
Less  the  following  items  transferred  : 
To  the  College,  Schedule  7 : 

Heating  and  service, $4,524.75 

Services  of  librarian, 250.00 

To  the  University,  Schedule  6 :  $4,774.75 

University  charge, 803.08        5,577. 

$43,239. 
Restricted  income  not  used  and  added  to  Funds  and  Gifts,     ....  3,544. 

Surplus  of  general  income  carried  to  General  Suspense, 4,063. 

$50,847, 


36 


07 
42 

59 

08 


Schedule  29 

PEABODY   MUSEUM   OF   AMERICAN   ARCHAEOLOGY 
AND   ETHNOLOGY 

INCOME   AND   EXPENDITURE 
For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 
Income  of  Funds. 

Peabody  Museum  balance,  interest, $225.99 

Henry  W.  Haynes  Bequest, 54.00 

Hemenway  Fellowship, 732.51 

Mary  Hemenway  Fund  for  Archaeology,   .    .    .  2,504.95 

Francis  Cabot  Lowell  Memorial, 54.00 

Peabody  Building, 1,531.84 

Peabody  Collection, 2,557.10 

Peabody  Professor, 2,557.10 

F.  W.  Putnam  Fund. 

Interest, $12.74 

Other  receipts, 66.00  78.74 

Thaw  Fellowship, 1,233.98 

Henry  C.  Warren  Exploration, 603.94 

Susan  Cornelia  Warren, 270.00 

Robert  C.  Winthrop  Scholarship, 404.08 

Huntington  Frothingham  Wolcott,  ....  1,149.01 
Harvard  Endowment  Fund : 

Peabody  Museum, 220.70 

Salaries, 64.37 

Subject  to  order  of  Professor  Tozzer,     ....  111.13 

Henry  N.  Sweet  Fund, 520.70 

Gifts  for  special  use, 

Gifts, $2,057.00 

Interest, 22.25 

Other  Receipts, 269.52  2,348.77    $17,222.91 

Sale  of  publications, $291.47 

Sale  of  duplicate  books, 182.95 

Miscellaneous  receipts, 118.26           592.68 

$17,815.59 
Eeceived  from  accumulated  income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  to  cover 

deficits  of  restricted  income,      5,040.16 

Credit  balance  in  General  Suspense  used 226.75 

$23,082.50 

EXPENDITURE 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund,  Peabody  Museum  Salaries,  $1,000.02 
Harvard  Endowment  Fund,  Henry  N.  Sweet  Fund,  50.00 
Harvard  Endowment  Fund,  Subject  to  order  of  Pro- 
fessor Tozzer, 2,057.64 

Amount  carried  forward, $3,107.66 

247 


248 


PEABODY   MUSEUM   (continued) 

EXPENDITURE 

Amount  brought  forward, $3,107.66 

Mary  Hemenway  Fund, 3,232.10 

Huntington  Frothingham  Wolcott  Fund,  speci- 
mens,        697.79 

Hemenway  Fellowship, 625.00 

Henry  Clark  Warren  Fund,  explorations,    ....  1,186.17 

Robert  C.  Winthrop  Scholarship, 325.00 

Thaw  Fellowship, 1,212.99 

Gifts  for  special  use, 3,197.39    $13,584.10 

Salaries, $5,673.32 

Museum  supplies  and  incidentals, 341.15 

Freight,  express,  customs  and  postage, 333.63 

Telephone,  telegraph  and  messengers, 88.68 

Construction  of  cases, 406.03 

Photo  supplies  and  prints, 95.63 

Library  books  bought, 243.94 

Library  binding, 171.00 

Library  incidentals, 39.36 

Insurance, 28.80 

Publications, 783.62 

Printing, 85.00 

Repairs  and  equipment,  buildings, 242.39 

Caretaldng  and  operating  expenses,  buildings,      ....  5,617.73      14,150.28 
University  charge. 

Treasurer's  Office,  care  of  investments,      $174.24 

Bursar's  Office,  collections  and  payments, 252.38 

Inspector  of  Grounds   and   Buildings,    salary   and 

expenses, 129.60 

Watchmen, 453.41 

Janitor, 195.88 

Chief  Engineer, 108.49 

Carpenter, 21.39        1,335.39 

Less  amounts  transferred.*  $29,069.77 

Repairs,  buildings, $242.39 

Caretaking,  buildings, 5,617.73 

University  charge, 1,335.39        7,195,51 

$21,874.26 
Restricted  income  not  used  and  added  to  Funds  and  Gifts,     ....         1,208.24 

$23,082.50 

*The  above  amounts  are  transferred  as  follows  : 

90%  to  University,  Schedule  6, $6,475.96 

10%  to  College,  Schedule  7, 719.55 

7,195.51 


Schedule  30 
SEMITIC   MUSEUM 

INCOME   AND   EXPENDITURE 
For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 

Income  from  Hecht  Fund, $108.00 

Income  from  Teachers' Endowment  (part) ,      2,000.00 

Gifts  for  excavations  in  Palestine,  interest, 14.69 

Gifts  for  general  purposes,  interest, 116.37      $2,239.06 

$2,239.06 
Received  from  accumulated  income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  to  cover 

deficits  of  restricted  income,      1,600.06 

$3,839.12 

EXPENDITURE 

From  gifts  for  excavations  in  Palestine, $1,275.07 

Gifts  for  Collections, 329.80 

Gifts  for  Semitic  Museum, 126.25      $1,731.12 

Curator, 2,000.00 

Repairs  and  equipment,  building, $204.10 

Caretaking  and  operating  expenses,  building, 2,210.42        2,414.52 

University  charge. 

Treasurer's  Office,  care  of  investments, $25.13 

Bursar's  Office,  collections  and  payments,      ....  63.83 

Watchmen, 121.95 

Engineer, 29.18 

Janitor, _      105.37  345.46 

$6,491.10 
Less  amounts  transferred.* 

General  expenses, $2,414.52 

University  charge, 345.46        2,759.98 

$3,731.12 
Restricted  income  not  used  and  added  to  Funds  and  Gifts,    ....  108.00 

$3,839.12 
*The  above  amounts  are  transferred  as  follows  : 

70%  to  University,  Schedule  6, $1,931.99 

30  %  to  Divinity  School,  Schedule  13, _      827.99 

$2,759.98 


249 


Schedule  31 
GERMANIC   MUSEUM 

INCOME  AND  EXPENDITURE 
For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 
Income  of  Funds  and  Gifts. 

Germanic  Museum  balance,  interest, $617.17 

Emperor  William, 1,422.09 

Germanic  Museum,       540.76 

Germanic  Museum  Endowment, 4,220.10 

Hugo  Reisinger  Bequest, 3,011.47      $9,811.59 

$9,811.59 

EXPENDITURE 

General. 

Equipment  and  supplies, $157.60 

Dues  Archaeological  Institute  of  America,    ....  10.00 

Stationery  and  postage,      18.95 

Printing, 67.51 

Sundries, 19.17 

Repairs  and  equipment,    building, 482.03 

Caretaking  and  operating  expenses,  building,   .    .    .       2,321.85      $3,077.11 

University  charge. 

Treasurer's  Office,  care  of  investments, $108.21 

Bursar's  Office,  collections  and  payments,      ....  61.38 

Inspector  of   Grounds   and  Buildings,    salary  and 

expenses, 74.42 

Watchmen, 58.78 

Engineer, 13.06 

Carpenter, 12.28  328.13 

$3,405.24 

Less  University  charge  transferred  to  University,  Schedule  6,  .    .   .  328.13 

$3,077.11 

Restricted  income  not  used  and  added  to  Funds  and  Gifts  and  Gifts,         4,427.69 

Surplus  of  general  income  carried  to  General  Suspense, 2,306.79 


b- 


$9,811.59 


250 


Schedule  32 

WILLIAM   HAYES   FOGG   ART   MUSEUM 

INCOME  AND   EXPENDITURE 
For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 
Income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  : 

William  Hayes  Fogg, $2,723.98 

Gray  Fund  for  Engravings, 896.89 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund,  Fogg  Art  Museum,    .  44.33 

William  M.  Prichard, 817.94 

John  Witt  Randall, 1,624.32 

Mary  R.  Searle, 100.01 

Hervey  E.  Wetzel  Bequest, 4,781.10 

Gifts  for  Museum  Equipment  and  Emergency  Fund. 

Gifts, $5,025.00 

Other  receipts, .63       5,025.63 

Gifts  for  Teaching  Equipment  Fund, 900.00 

Gifts  from  the  Society  of  Friends  of  the  Fogg  Art 
Museum. 

Gifts, $4,665.00 

Interest, 31.18       4,696.18 

Gifts  for  excavations  in  Greek  lands, 

Gifts, $10,000.00 

Interest, 63.33     10,063.33 

Gifts  for  purchase  of  Lockoff  fresco, 2,700.00 

Gift  for  purchase  of  painting  by  Goya, 6,000.00  $40,373.71 

Sale  of  photographs,  catalogue,  etc., 111.66 

$40,485.37 
Received  from  accumulated  income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  to  cover 

deficits  of  restricted  income 24,947.91 

Overdrafts  against  sundry  funds  and  gifts  carried  to  General  Sus- 
pense,       632.44 

$66,065.72 
EXPENDITURE 
From  the  following  Funds  and  Gifts  : 
Gray  Fund  for  Engravings. 

Curator, $250.00 

Services, 198.45 

Prints, 1,228.25     $1,676.70 

William  M.  Prichard,  collections, 832.23 

John  Witt  Randall. 

Curator, $250.00 

Expenses, 1,454.75       1,704.75 

Amount  carried  forward, $4,213.68 

251 


252 


WILLIAM   HAYES   FOGG   ART   MUSEUM  (continued) 
EXPENDITURE 
Amount  brought  forward, $4,213.68 

From  the  following  Funds  and  Gifts  (continued) . 

Mary  It.  Searle,  books, 132.58 

Hervey  E.  Wetzel  Bequest, 26,355.00 

Gifts  for  Teaching  Equipment, 742.87 

Gifts  for  Museum  Equipment  and  Emergency  Fund,  6,527.01 
Gifts  from  the  Society  of  Friends  of  the  Fogg  Art 

Museum, 6,005.87 

Gift  for  purchase  of  Lockoff  fresco, 2,950.00 

Gifts  for  excavations  in  Greek  lands,      ......  317.08 

Gift  for  purchase  of  painting  by  Goya, 6,000.00    $53,244.09 

General. 

Director, $500.00 

Services  and  wages, 1,829.70 

Equipment  and  supplies, 357.42 

Stationery,  postage,  telephone  and  telegraph,    .    .    .  29.20 

Sundries, 13.96 

Repairs  and  equipment,  building, 187.97 

Caretaking  and  operating  expenses,  building,   .    .    .  6,538.11        9,456.36 

University  charge. 

Treasurer's  Office,  care  of  investments, $109.87 

Bursar's  Office,  collections  and  payments, 288.71 

Inspector  of   Grounds   and   Buildings,   salary   and 

expenses, 55.61 

Engineer, 43.19 

Watchmen, 180.52 

Carpenter, 9.18           687.08 

$63,387.53 

Less  amounts  transferred.* 

Caretaking,  building, $6,538.11 

University  charge, _      687.08        7,225.19 

$56,162.34 

Restricted  income  not  used  and  added  to  Funds  and  Gifts,     ....  9,903.38 

$66,065.72 

*The  above  amounts  are  transferred  as  follows  : 

10 %  to  University,  Schedule  6, $722.52 

90  %  to  College,  Schedule  7, 6,502.67 

$7,225.19 


Schedule  33 
APPLETON   CHAPEL 

INCOME  AND   EXPENDITURE 
For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 


INCOME 
Income  of  Funds. 

Fund  for  Religious  Services, $55.84 

Increase  Sumner  Wheeler, 2,700.00 

Edward  Wigglesworth  Memorial, 8,100.00    $10,855.84 

Gifts  for  current  expenses, 2,535.00 

Use  of  organ, 164.93 

$13,555.77 
Deficit  met  by  University  appropriation,  Schedule  6,     ......  379.86 

$13,935.63 


EXPENDITURE 

General. 

Preaching  and  morning  services,      $4,135.00 

Administrator,      400.00 

Organist  and  Choir-master, 2,500.00 

Choir, 2,401.00 

Equipment  and  supplies, 482.90 

Printing, 620.56 

Music, 75.00 

Board  of  preachers, 90.90 

Work  on  organ, 654.94 

Decorations  at  Christmas  service, 50.00 

Sundries, 30.18 

Repairs  and  equipment,  building, 111.63 

Caretaking,  building,      1,886.86    $13,438.97 

University  charge. 

Treasurer's  Office,  care  of  investments, $118.21 

Bursar's  Office,  collections  and  payments, 92.80 

Inspector   of   Grounds    and   Buildings,   salary   and 

expenses, 76.45 

Watchmen, 93.46 

Janitor, 80.76 

Engineer, 22.36 

Carpenter, 12.62           496.66 

$13,935.63 


Schedule  34 


PHILLIPS   BROOKS   HOUSE 

INCOME  AND  EXPENDITURE 
For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 


INCOME 
Income  of  Funds. 

Phillips  Brooks  House  Endowment, $567.38 

John  W.  and  Belinda  L.  Randall, 458.73 

Ralph  H.  Shepard, 612.57 

Ralph  Hamilton  Shepard  Memorial,  ....  306.13 

Louise  E.  Bettens, 159.08 

Phillips  Brooks  House  Association  Endowment,  4,286.63     $6,390.52 

$6,390.52 
Received  from  accumulated  income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  to  cover 

deficits  of  restricted  income,      372.50 

$6,763.02 

EXPENDITURE 

From  Louise  E.  Bettens  Fumd, $446.44 

Phillips  Brooks  House  Association, 4,600.00 

Services  and  wages, 342.46 

Equipment  and  supplies, 9.52 

Contribution  to  Harvard  Dames, 50.00 

University  teas, 160.06 

Sundries, 9.18 

Repairs  and  equipment,  building, 773.02 

Caretaking,  building,      3,454.31      $9,844.99 

University  charge. 

Treasurer's  Office,  care  of  investments, $68.93 

Bursar's  Office,  collections  and  payments, 91.82 

Inspector  of  Grounds  and  Buildings,   salary  and 

expenses, 36.96 

Watchmen, 65.94 

Engineer, 15.78 

Carpenter, 6.10 

Janitor, 56.97           342.50 

$10,187.49 
Less  amounts  transferred.* 

Repairs  and  equipment,  building, $773.02 

Caretaking,  building,      3,454.31 

University  charge, 342.50       4,569.83 

$5,617.66 
Restricted  income  not  used  and  added  to  Funds  and  Gifts,    ....         1,145.36 

$6,763.02 

254 


255 

PHILLIPS   BROOKS   HOUSE  (continued) 

EXPENDITURE 

♦The  above  amounts  are  transferred  as  follows  : 

10  %  to  University,  Schedule  6, $456.98 

Remainder,  divided  in  proportion  to  the  number  of 
students : 

College,  Schedule  7, 2,593.46 

School  of  Engineering,  Schedule  10, 176.70 

Graduate   School  of  Business  Administration, 

Schedule  11, 364.96 

Schools  of  Architecture,  Schedule  12,     ....  54.50 

Divinity  School,  Schedule  13, 43.86 

Law  School,  Schedule  14, 779.46 

Graduate  School  of  Education,  Schedule  15  ,  .  99.91 

$4,569.83 


Schedule  35 

HEMENWAY   GYMNASIUM,  FRESHMAN   ATHLETIC 

BUILDING,  UNIVERSITY   SQUASH   COURTS 

AND  BIG  TREE  SWIMMING  POOL 

INCOME  AND   EXPENDITURE 
For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 
Fees  for  the  use  of 

Lockers,  by  students, $4,503.00 

Gymnasium,  by  graduates, 10.00     $4,513.00 

Deficit  transferred  to  the  following  departments  in  pro- 
portion to  the  number  of  students  : 

College,  Schedule  7, $13,482.77 

Engineering  School,  Schedule  10, 675.81 

Graduate  School  of  Business  Administration, 

Schedule  11, 1,395.83 

Schools  of  Architecture  and  Landscape  Architec- 
ture, Schedule  12, 208.43 

Divinity  School,  Schedule  13, 167.37 

Law  School,  Schedule  14, 2,981.15 

Graduate  School  of  Education,  Schedule  15,  .    .    .  382.12      19,293.48 


$23,806.48 


EXPENDITURE 

Services  and  wages, $131.00 

Equipment  and  supplies, 1,654.49 

Telephone, 

Printing, 

Repairs,  buildings,      

Caretaking,  buildings, 17,037.78 

Sundries, 

University  charge  : 

Bursar's  Office,  collections  and  payments,    .... 

Inspector  of  Grounds  and  Buildings,  salary  and  ex 
penses, 

Watchmen, 

Engineer,      

Carpenter, 


108.16 

?, 

47.18 

k 

3,833.21 

l)ri 

17,037.78 

20.34 

$22,832.16 

$288.22 

^ 
- 

67.87 

^~" 

489.83 

?:: 

117.20 

11.20 

974.32 

X* 

$23,806.48 

: 
i 

Schedule  36 
STILLMAN    INFIRMARY 

INCOME  AND   EXPENDITURE 

For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 
Income  of  Funds  and  Gifts. 

Robert  Charles  Billings,  for  Stillman  In- 
firmary,   $3,270.02 

Free  Bed  Fund  of  the  Class  of  1868, 344.36 

Free  Bed  Fund  for  the  Stillman  Infirmary,  .    .    .  35.26 

Herbert  Schurz  Memorial  Free  Bed  Fund,    .    .  250.18 

Stillman  Infirmary  Gift,  interest, 596.86 

Joseph  and  Lucius  Tuckerman  Free  Bed,  .         540.00 

Henry  P.  Walcott,     173.02     $5,209.70 

Receipts  from  Students. 

Infirmary  annual  fees, $2,612.00 

Receipts  from  patients, 5,094.89        7,706.89 

Receipts  to  replace  amounts  not  charged  students  who 
pay  the  increased  tuition  fee  : 

College.     Schedule  7, $11,664.00 

School  of  Engineering,  Schedule  10, 892.00 

Graduate     School     of    Business     Administration. 

Schedule  11, 1,752.00 

Schools  of  Architecture  and  Landscape  Architecture. 

Schedule  12, 236.00 

Law  School,  Schedule  14, 1,564.00 

Graduate  School  of  Education,  Schedule  15,    .    .    .  180.00      16,288.00 

$29,204.59 
Received  from  accumulated  income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  to  cover 

deficits  of  restricted  income, 121.71 

Deficit  met  by  University  appropriation,  Schedule  6, 6,972.63 

$36,298.93 
EXPENDITURE 

Services  and  wages, $14,419.57 

Equipment  and  supplies, 11,321.41 

Stationery,  postage,  telephone  and  telegraph, 248.24 

Printing, 104.94 

Sundries, 73.16 

Repairs  and  equipment,  buildings, 890.13 

Caretaking,  land  and  buildings, 8,020.68    $35,078.13 

Books  and  bookcases,  Mrs.  Albert  J.  Lyman  Gift,      121.71 

University  charge. 

Treasurer's  Office,  care  of  investments, $56.60 

Bursar's  Office,  collections  and  payments,      ....  202.79 

Amounts  carried  forward, $259.39    $35,199.84 

257 


258 


STILLMAN   INFIRMARY   (continued) 
EXPENDITURE 

Amounts  brought  forward, $259.39    $35,199.84 

Medical  Adviser,  salary  and  expenses, 750.00 

Inspector  of  Grounds  and  Buildings,   salary  and 

expenses, 41.81 

Engineer, 40.15 

Carpenter, 6.90 

Purchasing  Agent, .84        1,099.09 

$36,298.93 


Schedule  37 
HARVARD   UNION 

INCOME  AND  EXPENDITURE 
For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 
Income  of  Funds. 

Harvard  Union  Fund, $2,944.07 

Harvard  Union  Class  1878  Fund, 525.10 

Harvard  Union  Simes  Fund, 216.96      $3,686.13 

Receipts  for  year, 146,850.33 

$150,536.46 
EXPENDITURE 

Expenses  for  year, $150,210.40 

Surplus  to  University,  Schedule  6, 326.06 

$150,536.46 


Schedule  38 


HARVARD   DINING   HALLS 

INCOME  AND   EXPENDITURE 
For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 
Receipts  for  year, $499,292.83 


EXPENDITURE 
Expenditure  for  year, $499,292.83 


Schedule  39 

NON-DEPARTMENTAL   FUNDS   AND   GIFTS  FOR 
SPECIAL  PURPOSES 

INCOME  AND   EXPENDITURE 
For  the  year  ended  June  30,  1921 

INCOME 

Anonymous  Fund, $5,695.85 

Anonymous  Fund  No.  4, 17,500.37 

Gifts  for  Arnold  Arboretum  Building,  interest, 57.65 

J.  Arthur  Beebe  (part),      2,760.77 

Gifts  for  construction  of  Boston  Lying-In  Hospital, 300,000.00 

Daniel  A.  Buekeley  Fund  (part) 2.08 

Bussey  Trust  (part), 3,777.50 

Gift  from  the  Carnegie  Foundation, 80,040.36 

Class  Of  1834  Fund, 143.30 

«         1853     "       186.01 

"          1854     "       220.97 

"         1856     " 747.14 

1857     " 

Interest, $308.32 

Other  receipts,] 167.63  475.95 

"         1858     " 117.07 

"          1864     "       173.88 

Gift  for  construction  and  maintenance  of  Library  and 
Reading  Room  for  the  Chemical  Department  in  mem- 
ory of  Frederic  Saltonstall  Gould,  Class  of 
1375. 

Gift, $10,000.00 

Interest, 77.81  10,077.81 

Dr.  John  C.  Cutter  Bequest  (part), 562.28 

Henry  Isaiah  Dorr  Bequest, 4,250.00 

Paul  Dudley  Fund, 285.66 

Germanic  Museum  Building,  interest, 1,914.46 

Godkin  Lectures  Fund, 1,117.48 

Gifts  for  New  Gymnasium  Building,  interest, 500.65 

Harvard  Memorial  Society,      106.49 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund  (part), 10,636.24 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund,  Harvard  Studies  in  Comparative  Lit- 
erature,        89.15 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund,  Josiah  Royce  Memorial,  ....  3.08 

AugUgta  P.  Hope  Fund, 212.42 

Ingersoll  Lecture  Fund, 435.83 

Horatio  King  Fund  (part), 402.99 

Morris  Loeb  Bequest, 25,184.96 

Amount  carried  forward, $467,678.40 

259 


260 


NON-DEPARTMENTAL   FUNDS   AND   GIFTS, 
ETC.   (continued) 

INCOME 

Amount  brought  forward, $467,678.40 

Thomas  G.  Mower  Memorial  (part,), 250.00 

James  J.  Myers  Fund, 5,253.98 

William  Belden  Noble  Lectures  Fund. 

Interest, $1,822.83 

Sales, 9J52  1,832.15 

Henry  S.  Nourse  Fund  (part), 1,000.00 

John  Knowles  Paine  Fund, 560.25 

Robert  Troup  Paine, 3,458.74 

Lectures  on  Political  Economy  Fund, 902.50 

Quarterly  Journal  of  Economics. 

Income  of  John  E.  Thayer  Fund, $864.00 

Sales,      4,550.75 

Gift, 160.00  5,574.75 

Retiring  Allowance  Fund, 22,663.58 

Josiah  Royee  Memorial,      528.27 

Wallace  C.  Sabine  Memorial, 4,596.11 

Gardiner  Hubbard  Scudder  Fund, 544.05 

Flavius  Searle  Memorial, 80.00 

George  Smith  Bequest, 819.83 

StOUghton  Fund  (part), 50.75 

Alexander  Wheelock  Thayer  Fund, 360.00 

Gifts  for  Tropical  Medicine  Hospital,  interest, 250.93 

Ira  D.  "Van  Duzee  Scholarship  Fund, 293.38 

War  Activities  Fund. 

Interest, $547.29 

Other  receipts, 1,923.06        2,470.35 

Daniel  Williams  Fund, 957.37 

Sarah  Winslow  Fund, 260.00 

Woodland  Hill  Fund,  use  of  laboratory, 1,000.00 

$521,385.39 
Received  from  accumulated  income  of  Funds  and  Gifts  to  cover 

deficits  of  restricted  income,      23,608.55 

Overdrafts  against  sundry  funds  and  gifts  carried  to  General  Sus- 
pense,      ., 2,140.17 

$547,134.11 

EXPENDITURE 

Anonymous  Fund,  annuity, $5,600.00 

Anonymous  Fund  No.  4,  annuity, 15,715.54 

J.  Arthur  Beebe  Bequest,  expenses  of  real  estate, 2,760.77 

Gifts  for  construction  of  Boston  Lying-in  Hospital, 300,000.00 

Gift  for  flagpole  on  stadium  in  memory  of  Dr.  Milton  Bettman,  2,602.60 

Amount  carried  forward $326,678.91 


261 


NON-DEPARTMENTAL   FUNDS   AND   GIFTS, 
ETC.    (continued) 

EXPENDITURE 

Amount  brought  forward, $326,678.91 

Daniel  A.  Buckley  Fund,  taxes, 2.08 

Bussey  Trust  (part). 

Annuities,      $2,000.00 

Taxes, 1,777.50  3,777.50 

Gift  from  the  Carnegie  Foundation,  Retiring  Allowances,     .    .    .  80,040.36 

Class  of  1853  Fund, 344.57 

1864      "       167.33 

Dr.  John  C.  Cutter  Bequest,  annuity, 562.28 

Henry  Isaiah  Dorr  Bequest,  annuity, 4,150.00 

Paul  Dudley  Fund,  Dudleian  lectures, 161.58 

Horace  Fletcher  Bequest,  legal  expenses, 100.00 

Germanic  Museum  Building  construction,      39.65 

Godkin  Lecture  Fund, 621.16 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund,  share  1919-20  and  1920- 
1921  income  paid  to 

Harvard  Alumni  Association, $20,000.00 

Sundry  expenses, 636.24  20,636.24 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund,  Harvard  Studies  in  Comparative  Lit- 
erature,    505.46 

Harvard  Memorial  Society  Fund, 325.00 

Augusta  P.  Hope  Fund,  annuity, •••....  210.67 

Horatio  King,  annuity, 402.99 

Ingersoll  Lecture  Fund, 404.18 

Morris  Loeb  Bequest,  annuity, 21,881.86 

Thomas  G.  Mower  Memorial,  legal  expenses, 250.00 

James  J.  Myers  Fund,  annuities, 7,000.00 

Henry  S.  Wourse  Fund,  annuity,      1,000.00 

John  K.  Paine  Fund,  annuity, 560.25 

Lectures  on  Political  Economy  Fund,         336.82 

Quarterly  Journal  of  Economics, 4,238.50 

Retiring  Allowance  Fund,      13,857.30 

Josiah  Royce  Memorial,  annuity, 425.89 

Wallace  C.  Sabine  Memorial,  Annuity, 5,386.31 

Gardiner  Hubbard  Scudder  Fund,  annuity, 555.21 

George  Smith  Bequest,  annuities, 600.00 

Stoughton,  expense  of  real  estate,       50.75 

Alexander  Wheelock  Thayer,  annuities, 360.00 

Ira  D.  Van  Duzee  Fund,  annuity, 196.22 

War  Activities  Fund. 

American  University  Union  in  Europe,     ......        $489.61 

Expenses  of  finding  employment  for  former  students 

who  were  members  of  the  U.  S.  Army, 599.35 

Printing  Memoirs  of  Harvard  Dead, 132.74 

Amounts  carried  forward, $1,221.70 $495,829.07 


262 

NON-DEPARTMENTAL   FUNDS   AND    GIFTS, 
ETC.   (continued) 

EXPENDITURE 
Amounts  brought  forward, $1,221.70  $495,829.07 

War  Activities  Fund  (continued) . 

Expenses  War  Records  Office,      7,703.72 

Office  expenses,  Commandant  of  the  Field  Artillery  Re- 
serve Corps, 1,126.43 

Salary,  biographer  of  the  Harvard  Dead  in  the  war 

against  Germany, 2,000.00       12,051.85 

Daniel  "Williams  Fund.     Treasurer  for  Mashpee  Indians,     .    .  650.00 

Sarah  "Winslow  Fund. 

Minister  at  Tyngsborough, $121.96 

Teacher  at  Tyngsborough, 121.96 

Commission  on  income,  credited  to  University,    .    .  6.50  250.42 

Woodland  Hill  Fund,  Interest  on  advances,      359.48 

$509,140.82 
Restricted  income  not  used  and  added  to  Funds  and  Gifts,  ....  35,792.66 
Restricted  income  carried  to  General  Suspense  to  pay  overdrafts  of 

former  years, 2,131.10 

Balances  of  restricted  income  carried  to  General  Suspense,  ....  69.53 

$547,134.11 


Schedule  40 

STATEMENT  OF  THE  OPERATING  DEFICIT  FOR 
THE  YEAR 

1920-21 
Deficits  : 

College, $279,014.70 

Library, 97,567.27 

Engineering  School, 39,474.52 

Schools  of  Architecture  and  Landscape  Architecture,    ....         3,383.52 

Graduate  School  of  Education, 177.71 

Medical  School, 16,022.80 

Dental  School, 39,006.77 

Bussey  Institution, 10,472.98 

Botanic  Garden,  .    .    .    •    • 2,257.50 

Blue  Hill  Meteorological  Observatory, 173.85 

$487,551.62 

Less:  University  surplus, 149,246.30 

Operating  Deficit  for  the  year, $338,305.32 

Paid  from  the  unrestricted  principal  of  the  following  Funds  : 

Anonymous  No.  2, $10,000.00 

Godfrey  L.  Cabot, 5,000.00 

Charles  Church  Drew,      62,781.76 

Richard  W.  Foster, 4,000.00 

George  A.  Goddard, 4.000.00 

John  W.  Houston, 1,000,00 

A.  Paul  Keith, 75,064.11 

George  F.  Parkman, 24,000.00 

Henry  L.  Pierce  (Residuary), 38,000.00 

Richard  Black  Sewall, 18,459.45 

G.  E.  Walter  Ullrich, 5,000.00 

Trenor  L.  Park  Bequest, 21,000.00 

Edward  Wheelwright, 70,000.00 

$338,305.32  $338,305.32 


Aid 

A, 
BJ 
GJ 
BJ 

G. 
C. 

a 

C.F 

C.P 

Col- 
ft 

:■■ 

E 

D! 
G.M 


INDEX  OF  FUNDS  AND  GIFTS 


A  list  of  Funds  and  Gifts,  separated  into  departmental  groups,  will  be 
found  on  pages  92  to  177  inclusive.  Each  group  is  arranged  alphabeti- 
cally. Following  is  a  table  of  the  departmental  groups,  the  symbol  of  each 
group  and  the  page  reference.  For  example,  the  Harvard  Endowment 
Fund,  by  reference  to  the  Index,  will  be  found  to  have  the  symbol  "U" 
opposite  the  name  of  the  fund.  By  reference  to  the  following  table,  it  will 
be  found  that  the  symbol  "U"  designates  "University,"  pages  92  to  102, 
the  group  in  which  the  Harvard  Endowment  Fund  is  alphabetically  listed. 


SYMBOL  GROUP  PAGE 

Arch.       Architecture  and  Landscape  Architecture,  Schools  of 140-141 

A.A.        Arnold  Arboretum 164-165 

B.H.        Blue  Hill  Observatory 167 

G.B.        Business  Administration,  Graduate  School  of    138-140 

B.I.          Bussey  Institution  .  , 164 

CI.           Class  Funds 173 

C.            College 103-110 

C.Be.       College  Beneficiary  and  Loan 126-129 

C.F.         College  Fellowships 116-117 

C.G.        College  Gifts  for  Special  Use 110-115 

C.P.         College  Prizes 129-131 

C.S.         College  Scholarships 118-126 

Const.     Construction  Gifts 173 

De.          Dental  School 162-163 

Dv.          Divinity  School 141-143 

Dv.S.       Divinity  Scholarship  and  Beneficiary 143 

Ed.          Education,  Graduate  School  of 146-147 

En.          Engineering  School 137-138 

F.M.        Fogg  Art  Museum 171 

G.M.       Germanic  Museum 170 

L.             Law  School 144 

L.B.         Law  School  Book  Funds 145 

L.S.         Law  School  Scholarship,  Beneficiary  and  Prize 145-146 

Lib.         Library 131-136 

M.           Medical  School 148-159 

M.F.        Medical  School  Fellowships 159-160 

M.P.        Medical  School  Prizes 161 

M.S.        Medical  School  Scholarships 160-161 

M.C.Z.    Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology 168 

O.            Observatory 166-167 

P.M.        Peabody  Museum 169 

P.B.         Phillips  Brooks  House 172 

S.M.        Semitic  Museum 170 

S.I.          Stillman  Infirmary 172 

S.S.          Summer  Schools 131 

Sund.       Sundry  Funds 174-176 

Trust  Trust  Funds  for  Purposes  not  connected  with  the  College  .  .  177 

U.            University 92-102 

265 


266 


Abbot C.S. 

Abbot,  J.  W.  P C. 

Advancement  of  Astronomical 
Science  (1901) O. 

Advancement  of  Astronomical 
Science  (1902) O. 

Aesculapian  Club M. 

Aesculapian  Club,  Department  of 
Syphilology  for  research  .    ...      M. 

Aesculapian  Club,  Travelling 
expenses M. 

Agassiz,  A.,  Bequest M.C.Z. 

Agassiz,  A.,  Bequest  for  Publica- 
tions  M.C.Z. 

Agassiz,  G.  R M.C.Z. 

Agassiz,  G.  R.,  Special M.C.Z. 

Agassiz  Memorial M.C.Z. 

Alford  (Professorship) C. 

Alford  (Scholarship) C.S. 

Allen,  Thomas  J C. 

Alumni  Directory  Office,  Gift  for 
expenses U. 

Alpha  Omega  Alpha  Gift M. 

Ames L. 

Ames,  Anna  C.  Memorial B.I. 

Ames,  Anna  C.  Memorial,  Har- 
vard Endowment  Fund U. 

Ames,  J.  B.  (Loan) L.S. 

Ames,  J.  B.  (Prize) L.S. 

Ames,  O Dv. 

Ames,  R.  C C.Be. 

Ames,  Samuel L. 

Amory  Astronomical  Fund O. 

Anatomical  Museum M. 

Anatomy,  Department  of,  Gift  for 
salary  of  artist M. 

Anatomy,  Department  of,  Gift  for 
expenses M. 

Anatomical  Laboratory,  Repay- 
ments       M. 

Andrews,  H.  C Dv. 

Anonymous  Fund U. 

Anonymous  Fund  No.  2 U. 

Anonymous  Fund  No.  4 U. 

Anonymous  Fund  for  Library .  .  .    Lib. 

Anonymous  Gift  for  Scholarship 
in  Harvard  College C.S. 

Anonymous  Fund  in  Department 
of  Theory  and  Practice M. 

Appel,  John  W.,  Harvard  Endow- 
ment Fund U. 

Appleton  Chapel,  Gifts  for  ex- 
penses     Sund. 

Appleton  Chapel,  Gifts  for  Music  Sund. 

Appleton,  J.  A Arch. 

Appleton,  N C.Be. 


Appleton,  T.  G O. 

Architecture  and  Landscape 
Architecture,  Schools  of,  Har- 
vard Endowment  Fund U. 

Arms,  T.  M.,  Gift  in  memory  of . .     S.I. 

Arnold  Arboretum  Fund A. A. 

Arnold  Arboretum  Building  Gifts  Const. 

Arnold  Arboretum  Construction 
Gifts A. A. 

Arnold  Arboretum  Endowment . .   A.  A. 

Arnold  Arboretum,  Gift  for  ex- 
penses of  trip  of  E.  H.  Wilson 
to  Australasia A. A. 

Arnold  Arboretum,  Gifts  for  gen- 
eral purposes A.  A. 

Arnold  Arboretum,  gift  for  pur- 
chase of  Bussey  Land A. A. 

Arnold,  J A.A. 

Associated  Harvard  Clubs C.S. 

Astronomy,  Department  of,  Gifts 
for  Apparatus C.G. 

Astronomy,  Department  of,  Gift 
for  Lecture C.G. 

Atherton,  Percy  Lee C. 

Atkins  Fund  for  Tropical  Re- 
search in  Economic  Botany, 
Harvard  Endowment  Fund ...       U. 

Atkinson,  Edward C. 

Atkinson,  Edward,  Harvard  En- 
dowment Fund U. 

Austin,  D.  (College) C. 

Austin,  D.  (Divinity) Dv. 

Austin,  Edward Sund. 

Austin,  Edward  (Medical) M. 

Australasian  Expedition A.A. 

Ayer,  A Dv. 

Bacon,  Edward  R C.F. 

Bacteriology,     Department     of, 

Gift  A.B.C M. 

Bacteriology,  Department  of,  Gift 

H.S.F.,  assistant  for  Dr.  Bovie .  M. 

Bacteriology,     Department     of, 

Gift  Dr.  W.  S.  Bigelow M, 

Bacteriological  Laboratory,  Re- 
payments    M. 

Baker,  George  F.  Professorship 
of  Economics,  Harvard  En- 
dowment Fund U. 

Baker,  J Dv. 

Baker,  W.  F Ed. 

Balch,  Edwin  Swift Lib. 

Baldwin,  W.  H.,  Jr Ed. 

Baldwin,  W.  H.,  Jr.,  1885 C. 

Band  Music U. 

Barnard,  Caroline  M U. 


267 


Barnard,  James  and  Augusta,  Law     L. 

Barnard,  J.  M.  and  A.,  Gift L.B. 

Barringer,  E.  M M. 

Barringer,  J.  B C. 

Bartlett C.S. 

Bartlett,  F M. 

Bartlett,  Gordon M. 

Bartlett,  Matthew  and  Mary  E., 
Memorial C.S. 

Bassett C.S. 

Beebe,  J.  Arthur,  Bequest U. 

Belknap,  J C.P. 

Bell,  Helen  Choate C.P. 

Bemis L. 

Beneficiary  Money  Returned,  Di- 
vinity School Dv. 

Bennett,  J.  G C.P. 

Bennett,  P.  S C.P. 

Bermuda  Biological  Station C.G. 

Bettens,  Louise  E.  (College)  ....       C. 

Bettens,  Louise  E.  (Phillips  Brooks 
House) P.B. 

Bettman,  Dr.  Milton,  Gift  in 
memory  of,  for  Flag  pole  on 
Stadium Const. 

Bigelow C.S. 

Bigelow,  A Ed. 

Billings,  L.  F M.S. 

Billings,  R.  C.  (Arnold  Arbore- 
tum)    A.A. 

Billings,  R.  C.  (Gray  Herbarium)       C. 

Billings,  R.  C.  (Medical) M. 

Billings,  R.  C.  (Prize) Dv.S. 

;     Billings,  R.    C.   (Stillman   Infir- 
mary)       S.I. 

Biological-Chemical  Laboratory, 
Repayments M. 

Blake,  S E. 

I    Blake,  S.  P.  and R.  P.,  Memorial.       U. 
:    Blanchard,  C.  F U. 

Blanchard,  J.  A C. 

Bliss,  Mrs.  W.  H B.I. 

Blue     Hill     Observatory,     Gifts 

for  current  expenses B.H. 

|   Blue  Hill  Observatory,  Harvard 

Endowment  Fund U. 

Blume,  Andreas,  Bequest L. 

Bolles,  F.,  Memorial C.Be. 

Book  Fund  of  the  Class  of  1881 .  .    Lib. 

Books,  Sundry  Gifts Lib. 

Boott,  F C.P. 

Boott,  Income  for  Books, Lib. 

Borden C.S. 

Boston  Lying-in  Hospital Const. 

Boston  Newsboys' C.S. 


Botanic  Department C. 

Botanical  Museum,  Anonymous 
Gifts Sund. 

Botanical  Museum,  Gift  for  cases  Sund. 

Botany,  Department  of,  Gift  for 
purchase  of  collections  for 
Cryptogamic  Herbarium C.G. 

Botany,  Department  of,  Gift  for 
expenses  of  Plant  Physiology.  .  C.G. 

Bowditch C.S. 

Bowditch,  J.  I.  (Medical) M. 

Bowditch,  J.  I.  (Observatory) ...       O. 

Bowditch,  N.  I Lib. 

Bowdoin C.P. 

Bowen,  Mrs.  Francis U. 

Bowers,  H.  S.  (College) C.P. 

Bowers,  H.  S.  (Fogg  Museum)  . .  F.M. 

Boyden,  U.  A.  .  .  .  . O. 

Boylston C. 

Boylston  Prize C.P. 

Boylston,  W.  N.  (Books) M. 

Boylston,  W.  N.  (Prize) M.P. 

Bradford,  E.  H M.F. 

Bradford,  S.  D U. 

Bradley,  W.  L A.A. 

Brattle,  W C.Be. 

Brewster,  CO C. 

Bright  (Book) Lib. 

Bright  (Scholarship) C.S. 

Bright  Legacy, ? Sund. 

Brimmer,  M U. 

Brinckerhoff M. 

Brooks  House,  Phillips,  Associa- 
tion Endowment P.B. 

Brooks  House,  Phillips,  Endow- 
ment,      P.B. 

Brown,  A L.S. 

Brown,  A.  (Scholarship) C.S. 

Brown,  J.  B.  and  B M. 

Brown,  W.  C,  Jr L.S. 

Browne C.S. 

Browne,  John  White M.S. 

Bryant,  J.  D De. 

Buckley,  D.  A C.Be. 

Buckminster,  M.  W C.S. 

Buckminster,  W.  J C.S. 

Bullard  Professorship  of  Neuro- 
pathology        M. 

Bullard,  K.  E M. 

Bureau  of  Business  Research, 
American  National  Retail 
Jewelers'  Assn G.B. 

Bureau  of  Business  Research, 
National  Retail  Shoe  Dealers' 
Assn G.B. 


268 


Bureau  of  Business  Research, 
National  Wholesale  Grocers' 
Assn G.B. 

Bureau  of  Business  Research  Pub- 
lication   G.B. 

Bureau  of  Business  Research, 
Retail  Dry  Goods  Research  . .  G.B. 

Bureau  of  Business  Research, 
Textile  Research G.B. 

Burr C.S. 

Burr,  F.  H C.S. 

Burr,  R.  D Dv. 

Burrell,  H.  L M. 

Business  School  Alumni  Loan    . .  G.B. 

Business  School  Anonymous 
Loan G.B. 

Business  School  Deficit G.B. 

Business  School  Endowment ...  .   G.B. 

Business  School  Loan G.B. 

Business  School  Publication ....   G.B. 

Bussey  (Arnold  Arboretum)  ....   A.A. 

Bussey  Institution  Endowment  .    B.I. 

Bussey  Institution,  Gilt  for  ex- 
perimental garden B.I. 

Bussey  Institution,  Gifts  for 
Forestry B.I. 

Bussey  Institution,  Gifts  for 
Forestry  Department  Labora- 
tory      B.I. 

Bussey  Institution,  Harvard 
Forest,  Harvard  Endowment 
Fund U. 

Bussey  Institution,  Books  for 
Library,  Harvard  Endowment 
Fund U. 

Bussey  Institution,  Gifts  for 
Salaries B.I. 

Bussey  Professorship  (Divinity)  .     Dv. 

Bussey  Professorship  (Law)  ....       L. 

Bussey  Trust Sund. 

Buttrick,  A.  W Dv.S. 

Byerly,  William  Ellwood,  Loan  .    C.Be. 

Byrne  Professorship L. 

Cabot,  A.  T M.F. 

Cabot,  Godfrey  L U. 

Cabot,  J.  J M.F 

Cabot,  Louis M.C.Z. 

Cabot,  W.  C C.F. 

Cadwalader,  J.  L L.B. 

Cadwalader,  J.  L L.S. 

Cancer  Hospital  Endowment ....      M. 

Cancer  Hospital,  Gifts  for  current 
use M. 

Cancer  Commission,  Gift  for  Re- 
search in  Genetics M. 


Cancer  Commission,  Gift  Franklin 
W.  Moulton M. 

Cancer  Hospital  New  Laboratory 
Fund M. 

Cancer  Hospital  Proctor  Main- 
tenance        M. 

Cancer  Hospital  Research M. 

Carnegie  Foundation  Retiring 
Allowance Sund. 

Carter,  J.  C.  (Law) L. 

Carter,  J.  C.  (University) U. 

Carter,  J.  C,  Loan L.S. 

Carter,  J.  W U. 

Cary,  T Dv.S. 

Castle,  W.  R Lib. 

Chapman,  G Dv.S. 

Chapman,  V.  E.,  Mem C.F. 

Chase,  Daniel  L.  F U. 

Chase,  Percy,  1888,  Mem'l,  Har- 
vard Endowment  Fund U. 

Cheever,  D.  W M.S. 

Chemistry,  Department  of,  Gift 
in  memory  F.  S.  Gould  for 
Library Const. 

Chemistry,  Department  of,  Anon. 
Gift  for  Research,  Wolcott  Gibbs 
Laboratory C.G. 

Chemistry,  Department  of,  Har- 
vard Endowment  Fund U. 

Chemistry,  Department  of,  Sal- 
aries and  Equipment,  Harvard 
Endowment  Fund U. 

Child,  F.  J.,  Memorial Lib. 

Chinese  Students,  Gift  for C.Be. 

Choate,  J.  H.,  Mem.  Fellowship  .   C.F. 

Choate,  R.  S C.S. 

Clapp,  Howard  Rogers C.S. 

Clapp,  J Dv. 

Clapp,  J.  (Scholarship) Dv.S. 

Clapp,  Robert  P Lib. 

Clark,  George  Newhall C.S. 

Clarke,  T.  W C.S. 

Class  of  1802 C.S. 

Class  of  1814 C.S. 

Class  of  1815,  Kirkland C.S. 

Class  of  1817 C.S. 

Class  of  1828 C.S. 

Class  of  1834 CI. 

Class  of  1835 C.S. 

Class  of  1841 C.S. 

Class  of  1842 U. 

Class  of  1844 C.S. 

Class  of  1851 Lib. 

Class  of  1852,  Dana C.S. 

Class  of  1853 CI. 

Class  of  1854 CI. 


269 


Class  of  1856 C.S 

Class  of  1856 CI 

Class  of  1856,  Classical  Publica- 
tion Fund C 

Class  of  1857 CI 

Class  of  1858 CI 

Class  of  1863 C.S 

Class  of  1864 CI. 

Class  of  1867 C.S. 

Class  of  1868,  Free  Bed S.I. 

Class  of  1877 C.S. 

Class  of  1877,  Strobel  Memorial .  .  Lib. 

Class  of  1879 M.S. 

Class  of  1880 C. 

Class  of  1881  (Book) Lib. 

Class  of  1881,  Twenty-fifth  Anni- 
versary Fund XL 

Class  of  1882 U. 

Class  of  1883 C. 

Class  of  1883  (Scholarship) C.S. 

Class  of  1883,  Special  Fund C. 

Class  of  1883,  Gift  for  Trees U. 

Class  of  1884 C. 

Class  of  1885 C. 

Class  of  1886,  Dental  Endowment 

Fund De. 

Class  of  1886 C. 

Class  of  1887 C. 

Class  of  1888 U. 

Class  of  1888,  Dental  Endowment 

Fund De. 

Class  of  1889 U. 

Class  of  1890 U. 

Class  of  1891 U. 

Class  of  1891,  Dental  Endowment 

Fund .  . De. 

Class  of  1892,  Dental  Endowment 

Fund De. 

Class  of  1892 U. 

Class  of  1893,  Dental  Endowment 

Fund De. 

Class  of  1893 U. 

Class  of  1894 U. 

Class  of  1895 U. 

Class  of  1895,  in  memory  of  George 

C.  Christian U. 

Class  of  1896 U. 

Class  of  1899 U. 

Class  of  1901,  Dental  Endowment 

Fund De. 

Class  of  1904,  Dental  Endowment 

Fund De. 

Class  of  1907,  Dental  Endowment 

Fund De. 

Class  of  1909,  Dental  Endowment 

Fund De. 


Class  Subscription C. 

Classical  Department  (Scholar- 
ship)      C.S. 

Classical  Publication  Fund  of  the 
Class  of  1856 C. 

Classics,  Department  of,  Gifts  for 
Department C.G. 

Classics,  Department  of,  Gift  for 
Classical  Library C.G. 

Cobb,  Samuel  C C.Be. 

Codman,  E.  W C. 

Coggan,  John U. 

Coggin,  William  Symmes,  Mem'l, 
Harvard  Endowment  Fund ...       U. 

Colburn M. 

Collamore,  Helen  (Arnold  Arbore- 
tum)     A.A. 

Collamore,  Helen  (Dental) De. 

Collamore,  Helen  (Gray  Herb.)  .        C. 

Committee  on  Economic  Research  C.G. 

Committee  of  the  Permanent 
Charity  Fund,  Incorporated  .  .      M. 

Comparative  Medicine,  School  of      M. 

Comparative  Pathology,  Depart- 
ment of,  Gift  for  Investiga- 
tion of  Milk  Infections M. 

Comparative  Pathology,  Depart- 
ment of,  Gift  of  Massachusetts 
Society  for  Promoting  Agricul- 
ture       M. 

Comparative  Pathological  Lab- 
oratory, Repayments M. 

Comparative  Physiology,  Depart- 
ment of,  Gift  of  the  Committee 
of  the  Permanent  Charity 
Fund,  Inc M. 

Conant,  E U. 

Conant,  E.  (Books) Lib. 

Conant,  E.  (Divinity) Dv. 

Condell,  C.  H C.S. 

Constantius Lib. 

Converse,  E.  C G.B. 

Coolidge,  A.  C.  and  C.  L.  Hay  . . .    Lib. 

Coolidge  Prize C.P. 

Coolidge,  E.  E C.Be. 

Coolidge,  F.  S M.S. 

Coolidge,  T.  J C. 

Coolidge,  T.  J.,  for  Cancer  Research  M. 

Coolidge,  T.  J.,  for  Department 
of  Chemistry,  Harvard  Endow- 
ment Fund U. 

Cotting  Gift M.S. 

Cotton,  T U. 

Cowdin,  J U. 

Crocker,  G.  G C. 

Croft,  C.  B M. 


270 


Crowninshield C.S 

Cryogenic  Engineering,  Gifts  for 
Research En, 

Cummings,  F.  H Arch. 

Cutler,  S.  N Lib. 

Cutter,  J.  C M. 

Cutting,  Bayard  (Books) Lib. 

Cutting,  Bayard  (Fellowship) .  .  .   C.F. 

Cutting,  W.  Bayard,  Jr.  (Books)     Lib. 

Cutting,  W.  Bayard,  Jr.  (Fellow- 
ship)      C.F. 

Dana,  Class  of  1852 C.S. 

Dane  (Professorship) L. 

Dane,  E.  B.  in  Physics C. 

Danforth,  T C.Be. 

Dante C.P. 

Davis,  Horace Lib. 

Day,  M C.Be. 

Dean's  Loan  Fund C.Be. 

Degrand,  Peter  P.  F Lib. 

Degrand,  Peter  P.  F.  (Medical) .  .      M. 

DeLamar,  Joseph  R M. 

Denny . Lib. 

Dental  School  Endowment De. 

Dental  School  Endowment,  Class 

of  1886 De. 

Dental  School  Endowment,  Class 

of  1888, De. 

Dental  School  Endowment,  Class 

of  1891 De. 

Dental  School  Endowment,  Class 

of  1892 De. 

Dental  School  Endowment,  Class 

of  1893 De. 

Dental  School  Endowment,  Class 

of  1895 De. 

Dental  School  Endowment,  Class 

of  1901 De. 

Dental  School  Endowment,  Class 

of  1904 De. 

Dental  School  Endowment,  Class 

of  1907 De. 

Dental  School  Endowment,  Class 

of  1909 De. 

Dental  School,  Gifts  for  Expenses 

of  Visiting  Committee De. 

Dental  School,  Harvard  Endow- 
ment Fund U. 

Dental  School,  Housing  Kazan- 
jian  Collection,  Harvard  En- 
dowment Fund U. 

Dental  School,  Gift  for  Scholar- 
ship       De. 

Dental  School,  Gift  for  expenses 
of  Visiting  Committee De. 


Derby,  G.  and  M C.S. 

Dermatology,     Department     of, 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund ...  U. 

Dexter,  Charles,  Memorial C.F. 

Dexter,  J C.S. 

Dexter  Lectureship Dv. 

Diabetes    Mellitus,   Anon.   Gift 

for  investigation  of M. 

Dillaway,  G.  W C.F. 

Diseases  of  the  Nervous  System, 
Department  of,  Gift  Miss  Kath- 

erine  E.  Bullard M. 

Diseases  of  the  Nervous  System, 
Department  of,  Gift  Dr.  W.  N. 

Bullard  for  study  of  Pellagra . .  M. 

Diseases  of  the  Nervous  System, 
Department  of,  Gift  for  re- 
search in  problems  relating  to 

epilepsy M. 

Divinity  School  Endowment ....  Dv. 

Divinity  School,  Harvard  Endow- 
ment Fund U. 

Divinity  School,  Library  Gifts  .  .  Dv. 

Doe,  O.  W.  (College) C.S. 

Doe,  O.  W.  (Medical) M.S. 

Dorr,  G.  B.  .  .  . U. 

Dorr,  Henry  I.,  Chair  of  Research 

and  Teaching M. 

Dramatic  Literature,  Department 

of,  Harvard  Endowment  Fund .  U. 

Draper,  G U. 

Draper  Memorial 0. 

Draper,  Henry,  Catalogue,  Gift 

for  publishing 0. 

Drew,  Charles  Church U. 

Dudley,  P C. 

Duplicate  Money  (Library) Lib. 

Duplicate  Money  (Medical) ....  M. 

Du  Pont,  A.  I C 

Du  Pont  Fellowship C.F. 

Dwight,  Thomas,  Memorial  ....  M. 

Dwight,  Thomas,  Memorial,  Har- 
vard Endowment  Fund U. 

Eaton C. 

Economics  Department,  Gifts .  .  .  C.G. 
Economics  A,  Gift  for  Books.  . .  .  C.G. 

Economics  2,  Book  Fund C.G. 

Economics,  Department  of,  Gift 

for  Research  in  Public  Finance  C.G. 
Economics,  Department  of,  Gift 

for  Research  in  Taxation  ....  C.G. 
Economic  Research,  Committee 

on C.G. 

Economic  Studies,  Harvard  ....  C.G. 
EddaClub C.S. 


271 


Eddy,  R.  H U. 

Edmands,  J.  R 0. 

Education,  Graduate  School  of, 
Fine  Money,  Library Ed. 

Education,  Graduate  School  of, 
Gift  for  general  uses Ed. 

Education,  Graduate  School  of, 
Gifts  for  instruction  of  the  blind   Ed. 

Eliot C. 

Eliot,  Charles Arch. 

Eliot,  Charles  William Ed. 

Eliot,  Jon.  Phillips'  Gift C. 

Eliot,  W.  S C.F. 

Ellery,  J C.Be. 

Ellis,  C.  and  L Sund. 

Ellis,  C.  and  L.  (Medical) M. 

Ellis,  H U. 

Emerson,  G.  H C.S. 

Emperor  William G.M. 

Endicott,  William M. 

Engineering,  Professorship  of  .  .  .    En. 

Engineering  School,  Harvard  En- 
dowment Fund U. 

English  A,  Fund C.G. 

Epstein,  Max,  Harvard  Endow- 
ment Fund U. 

Erving C. 

Evans,  Maria  A.  (Arnold  Arbo- 
retum)     A. A. 

Evans,  Maria  A.  (Dental) De. 

Eveleth,  J C.S. 

Everett,  William U. 

Exhibitions C.Be. 

Fabyan,  G.,  Foundation  for  Com- 
parative Pathology M. 

Fabyan.  G.,  Foundation,  Special.      M. 

Fall  River C.S. 

Farlow,  John  S.,  Memorial C. 

Farnham,  Horace  P M.S. 

Farnsworth,  Henry  W.,  Memorial  Lib. 

Farrar,  E.  (Books) Lib. 

Farrar  (Scholarship) C.S. 

Farrington,  C.  F M. 

Fay,  S.  P.  P.  (1798) L.S. 

Fechheimer,  Nathan,  Loan,  Har- 
vard Endowment  Fund U. 

Fenno,  L.  C M. 

Fenno,  L.  C,  Memorial  Free  Bed 
Fund M. 

Fine  Arts,  Department  of,  Gift  for 
photographs C.G. 

Fine  Arts,  Department  of,  Gift  for 
slides  in  Drawing  Course C.G. 

Fines Lib. 

Fines  Loan C.Be. 


Fisher C. 

Fisher,  G L.S. 

Fisher,  G.  and  E.  H C.S. 

Fiske,  Lieut.  C.  H.,  3d C.S. 

Fitch,  T C.Be. 

Fitz,  S.  E M. 

Flag  pole  on  Stadium,  Gift  in 
memory  Dr.  Milton  Bettman  Const. 

Flattery,  M.  D M.P. 

Flattery  Research M. 

Flynt,  E C.Be. 

Flynt,  H.  (for  tutors) C. 

Flynt,  H C.Be. 

Fogg  Art  Museum,  Harvard  En- 
dowment Fund U. 

Fogg  Art  Museum,  Gifts  for  Mu- 
seum Equipment  and  Emer- 
gency  F.M. 

Fogg  Art  Museum,  Gifts  from  the 
Society  of  Friends  of  the  Fogg 
Art  Museum F.M. 

Fogg  Art  Museum,  Gift  for  pur- 
chase of  Goya  painting F.M. 

Fogg  Art  Museum,  Excavation 
in  Greek  Lands F.M. 

Fogg  Art  Museum,  Gift  for  pur- 
chase of  copy  of  Lockoff  Fresco  F.M. 

Fogg  Art  Museum,  Gifts  for 
Teaching  Equipment F.M. 

Fogg,  W.  H F.M. 

Folsom,  Charles  Follen,  Memorial  M.F. 

Forbes,  Waldo  E B.H. 

Foreign  Graduate  Scholarship  .  .    L.S. 

Forestry  Department  Gift B.L 

Forestry  Department  Laboratory 
Gift B.I. 

Foster,  John Sund. 

Foster,  John  (Law) L.S. 

Foster,  John  (Medicine) M.S. 

Foster,  R.  W U. 

Free  Bed  Fund  of  the  Class  of  1868  S.I. 

Free  Bed  Fund  for  Stillman  In- 
firmary       S.I. 

Freeman,  Caroline  S De. 

French,  J.  D.  W U. 

French  and  other  Romance  Lan- 
guages, Department  of,  Library 
Gift C.G. 

French  and  other  Romance  Lan- 
guages, Department  of,  Gift  for 
Experimental  Phonetics C.G. 

Freshman  Loan C.Be. 

Friend,  Edwin  William,  Memorial  C.Be. 

Frothingham Dv. 

Fuller,  A.  W Dv. 

Fund  for  Permanent  Tutors  ....       C. 


272 


Fund  for  Religious  Services C 

Gambrill,  R.  A C.S. 

Gardiner,  Memorial,  J.  H Lib. 

Gardner,  Francis  Lowell,  Memo- 
rial, Harvard  Endowment  Fund      TJ. 

Gardner,  G.  A C. 

Garrison,  L.  McK C.P. 

Gaston,  William C.S. 

Gay,  George  W M. 

General  Purposes,  Gifts  for U. 

Genetics,  Gift  for  research  in ... .   %  M. 
Geology,  Department  of,  Gift  for 

Honorarium C.G. 

Geology,  Department  of,  Gift  for 

Lecture C.G. 

Geology,  Department  of,  Special 

Fund  in  Economic  Geology .  .  .  C.G. 
Geology,  Department  of,  Gift  for 
expenses  of  Visiting  Professor .  C.G. 

George,  Norman  H De. 

German,  Department  of  (Books)    Lib. 
Germanic     Languages,     Depart- 
ment of,  Gifts  for  Books C.G. 

Germanic  Languages,  Department 

of,  Harvard  Endowment  Fund .  U. 
Germanic  Museum  (balance)  . .  G.M. 
Germanic  Museum  Building.  .  .  G.M. 
Germanic  Museum  (Collections)  G.M. 
Germanic  Museum  Endowment  G.M. 
Germanic  Museum,  Gift  for  work 

of  art G.M. 

Gibbs,  H C.Be. 

Gibbs,  V.  B M.C.Z. 

Gibbs,  Wolcott,  Memorial C. 

Gibbs,  Wolcott  (Scholarship)  .  . .    C.S. 

Glover,  J C.Be. 

Goddard,  George  A U. 

Godkin  Lecture C. 

Goodwin,  C.  H.  . .  . C.S. 

Goodwin,  O.,  Memorial C.F. 

Goodwin,  W.  W C.F. 

Gore U. 

Gospel  Church C. 

Gould,  F.  S Const. 

Gould,  L Dv. 

Gove  Gift,  Freshman  Loan ....    C.Be. 

Gove,  William  Henry C.S. 

Government,  Department  of,  Gift 
for  Books  on  School  Administra- 
tion    C.G. 

Government,  Department  of,  Gift 
for  Bureau  of  Research  in  Mu- 
nicipal Government C.G. 

Government,  Department  of,  Gift 
for  expenses  of  Government  1.  C.G. 


Graduate  School  of  Arts  and  Sci- 
ences, Harvard  Endowment ...       U. 

Graduate  School  of  Arts  and  Sci- 
ences Loan C.Be. 

Graduate  School  of  Business  Ad- 
ministration, Alumni  Loan  .  .  .  G.B. 

Graduate  School  of  Business  Ad- 
ministration, Anonymous  Loan  G.B. 

Graduate  School  of  Business  Ad- 
ministration Deficit  Fund G.B. 

Graduate  School  of  Business  Ad- 
ministration Endowment G.B. 

Graduate  School  of  Business  Ad- 
ministration, Harvard  Endow- 
ment Fund TJ. 

Graduate  School  of  Business  Ad- 
ministration Loan G.B. 

Graduate  School  of  Business  Ad- 
ministration Publication G.B. 

Graduate  School  of  Education, 
Fine  Money,  Library Ed. 

Graduate  School  of  Education, 
Gifts  for  general  purposes  ....     Ed. 

Graduate  School  of  Education, 
Gift  for  instruction  of  the  blind    Ed. 

Gray  (Engravings) F.M. 

Gray,  A.,  Memorial C. 

Gray,  Asa,  Professorship C. 

Gray  Herbarium  Construction  .  Const. 

Gray  Herbarium,  Gifts  for  cur- 
rent use Sund. 

Gray,  J.  C U. 

Gray,  for  Zoological  Museum. .  M.C.Z. 

Greeley,  Samuel  S.,  Bequest.  ...       U. 

Green,  Joshua,  Memorial C.S. 

Greene,  B.  D C.S. 

Greene,  Rebecca  A M. 

Greenleaf ,  Price Sund. 

Greenleaf ,  Price,  Harvard  Endow- 
ment Fund U. 

Greenleaf ,  Price,  Aid  (College)  .   C.Be. 

Greenleaf,  Price,  Aid  (Engin. 
School) En. 

Greenleaf,  Price  (Books) Lib. 

Greenleaf,  Price  (Library) Lib. 

Greenleaf,  Price  (Scholarship)   . .    C.S. 

Greenough,  F.  B M. 

Gross,  CharleSj  Memorial Lib. 

Gurney C. 

Gymnasium,  Gifts  for  new Const. 

Hale,  G.  S.  and  E.  S C. 

Hale,  G.  S.  and  E.  S.  (Books) .  .  .  Lib. 

Hale,  Shelton,  Memorial L.S. 

HaU,  E.  H Lib. 

Hall,  Frederic  Hilborn Lib. 


273 


Hall,  L.  J Dv. 

Hall,  T C.S. 

Hallowell,  N.  P.  '61,  Memorial  .  .    C.S. 

Hancock,  C.  L Dv. 

Hancock,  J.  (Professorship) Dv. 

Harding,  Selwyn  L.,  Scholarship 

of  the  Class  of  1886 C.S. 

Harlow,  E.  4  W C.Be. 

Harlow,  R.  H C.Be. 

Harris C.F. 

Harris,  C O. 

Harris,  H Sund. 

Harvard  Associated  Clubs C.S. 

Harvard  Club  of  Boston C.S. 

Harvard  Club  of  Buffalo C.S. 

Harvard  Club  of  Chicago C.S. 

Harvard  Club  of  Cincinnati C.S. 

Harvard  Club  of  Cleveland C.S. 

Harvard  Club  of  Connecticut .  . .    C.S. 
Harvard    Club    of    Connecticut 

Valley C.S. 

Harvard  Club  of  Delaware C.S. 

Harvard  Club  of  Fitchburg C.S. 

Harvard  Club  of  Kansas  City...    C.S. 
Harvard  Club  of  Long  Island .  . .    C.S. 

Harvard  Club  of  Lowell C.S. 

Harvard  Club  of  Maryland C.S. 

Harvard  Club  of  Michigan C.S. 

Harvard  Graduates  of  Milton. . .    C.S. 

Harvard  Club  of  Nebraska C.S. 

Harvard    Clubs,    New    England 

Federation  of C.S. 

Harvard    Club    of    New    Jersey 

(Prize) C.P. 

Harvard    Club    of    New    Jersey 

(Scholarship) C.S. 

Harvard  Club  of  North  China  .  .   C.P. 
Harvard  Club  of  Rhode  Island..    C.S. 

Harvard  Club  of  Rochester C.S. 

Harvard  Club  of  St.  Louis C.S. 

Harvard  Club  of  San  Francisco 

(College) C.S. 

Harvard  Club  of  San  Francisco 

(Graduate  Business) G.B. 

Harvard  Club  of  Santa  Barbara.    C.S. 

Harvard  Club  of  Seattle C.S. 

Harvard  Club  of  Somerville C.S. 

Harvard    Club    of    Washington, 

D.  C En. 

Harvard  Club  of  Western  Pennsyl- 
vania      C.S. 

Harvard  Club  of  Worcester C.S. 

Harvard  Commission  on  Western 

History C.G. 

Harvard  Dames C.Be. 


Harvard  Dental  Alumni  Endow- 
ment       De. 

Harvard  Economic  Studies C.G. 

Harvard  Endowment U. 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund  (Grad- 
uate School  of  Education) ....     Ed. 

Harvard  Engineering  Society  of 
New  York En. 

Harvard  Engineering  Society  of 
New  York,  Harvard  Endow- 
ment Fund U. 

Harvard  Foundation  for  Ex- 
changes with  French  Univer- 
sities         C. 

Harvard  Medical  Alumni M. 

Harvard  Medical  Alumni  Gifts .  .      M. 

Harvard  Memorial  Society  ....  Sund. 

Harvard  Oriental  Series C. 

Harvard  Theological  Studies,  Gift    Dv. 

Harvard  Union Sund. 

Harvard  Union,  Class  of  1878 . .  Sund. 

Harvard  Union,  Simes Sund. 

Hastings,  W U. 

Haven  (Divinity) Dv. 

Haven  (Observatory) 0. 

Haven,  G M.S. 

Haven,  H.  A Lib. 

Haven,  J.  A C.S. 

Hayden,  L.  and  H M.S. 

Hayes,  F.  B Lib. 

Haynes  Book,  Department  of 
Classics C.G. 

Haynes,  H.  W P.M. 

Hayward,  G Lib. 

Hayward,  J O. 

Hecht S.M. 

Hemenway P.M. 

Hemenway,  Mary,  for  Archae- 
ology  P.M. 

Herbarium C. 

Hersey C. 

Hersey  (Thomas  Lee's)  Gift C. 

Higginson,  F.  L •       U. 

Higginson,  G M. 

Higginson,  H.  L U. 

High  Voltage  Electrical  Lab- 
oratory   C.G. 

Hill,  Harry  H.,  Memorial,  Har- 
vard Endowment  Fund U. 

Hill,  J.  J G.B. 

Hill,  J.  J.  (Professorship) G.B. 

Hilton,  W C.S. 

Hinchman,  Charles  S O. 

Histology  and  Embryology,  De- 
partment of,  Anon.  Gift  for 
Teaching  Fellow M.F. 


274 


History,  Government  and  Eco- 
nomics, Division  of,  Gift  for 
Books  for  Board  of  Tutors  . . .  C.G. 

History  1  Book  Fund C.G. 

History,  Department  of,  Gift  Ex- 
penses of  Harvard  Commission 
on  Western  History C.G. 

History,  Department  of,  Gift  for 
lecture  by  Prof.  A.  P.  Newton   C.G. 

History,  Special  Scholarship  in, 
Department  of C.S. 

Hoar,  E.  R C.S. 

Hoar,  L C.S. 

Hoar,  S. Dv. 

Hodges  (Scholarship) C.S. 

Hodges,  P.  C B.I. 

Hodges,  R.  M Lib. 

Hodgson  prizes G.B. 

Hodgson,  Richard,  Memorial  ...       C. 

Hodgson,  Richard,  Memorial, 
Harvard  Endowment  Fund ...       U. 

Holden,  Albert  F C. 

Hollingsworth,  Rose C. 

Hollis  (Divinity) Dv. 

Hollis  (Mathematics) C. 

Hollis  (Scholarship) C.S. 

Hollis,  T Lib. 

Hollis,  Thomas  (for  Treasurer) .  .       U. 

Holyoke,  E C.Be. 

Homans  Memorial M. 

Homer,  S Lib. 

Hooper,  E.  W C.F. 

Hooper,  F.  H.,  Memorial  Free 
Bed M. 

Hooper,  S M.C.Z. 

Hope,  Augusta  P C. 

Hopkins,  A.  L.,  Memorial  Free  Bed     M. 

Hopkins,  E C.P. 

Houghton,  Silas  A.,  Asst.  Profes- 
sorship  ' M. 

Houston,  John  W U. 

Hubbard,  Charles  W Ed. 

Hubbard,  T U. 

Hudson,  John  E C. 

Hulton,  N U. 

Humboldt M.C.Z. 

Humphrey,  H.  B C.S. 

Hunnewell,  W.  P M.C.Z. 

Huntington  Hospital,  Gift  for  as- 
sistant to  Dr.  Bovie M. 

Huntington  Hospital,  Gifts  for 
current  expenses M. 

Huntington  Hospital,  Gifts  for 
salaries M. 

Huntington  Hospital,  Gift  for 
salary  of  technician M. 


Hutchinson,  T U. 

Hyde,  G.  B U. 

Hyde,  G.  S M. 

Hygiene,  Department  of,  Gift 
U.  S.  Inter-departmental  Social 
Hygiene  Board C.G. 

Industrial  Hygiene,  Division  of, 
Expenses  of  Instruction  and 
Investigation M. 

Industrial  Hygiene,  Division  of, 
Study  of  Health  Conditions  in 
Department  Stores M. 

Industrial  Hygiene,  Division  of, 
Gift  for  Publi  cation  of  Journal 
of  Industrial  Health M. 

Industrial  Hygiene,  Division  of, 
American  Institute  of  Lead 
Manufacturers M. 

Infantile  Paralysis  Commission  .      M. 

Infantile  Paralysis  Investigation.      M. 

Ingersoll  Lecture C. 

Ingraham,  Franklin  Temple,  Me- 
morial      C.S. 

Insurance  and  Guaranty U. 

Jackson  Foundation Dv.S. 

Jackson,  G.  S Lib. 

Jackson,  H.,  Endowment M. 

Jackson  Professorship  of  Clinical 
Medicine M. 

Japanese  Literature  Professorship, 
Gift  for  (Dept.  Philos.)  C.G. 

Jarvis Lib. 

Jarvis,  L U. 

Jenks,  Robert  Darrah,  Scholar- 
ship     L.S. 

Jennings,  H En. 

Johnson,  William  Otis M.S. 

Jones,  C.  L C.S. 

Jones,  CM M.S. 

Jopjing,  R.  M.,  Memorial Lib. 

Jopling,  R.  M.,  Memorial,  Har- 
vard Endowment  Fund U. 

Keayne,  R C.Be. 

Keith,  A.  Paul U. 

Keith,  H.  P.  (Loan) M.S. 

Kendall,  J.  H Dv.S. 

Kendall,  N Dv.S. 

Kidder,  H.  P.  (Divinity) Dv. 

Kidder,  H.  P.  (University) U. 

Kimball,  B C.Be. 

Kimball,  J.  C Dv.S. 

King,  H Lib. 

Kirkland,  Class  of  1815 C.S. 


275 


Kirkland,  J.  T C.F. 

Kissinger,  John  R M. 

Kittredge  Anniversary Lib. 

Knight,  G.  A C.P. 

Kuhn,  H.,  Memorial M. 

Landscape  Architecture,  School 
of,  Harvard  Endowment  Fund      U. 

Lane,  F.  A Lib. 

Lane,  G.  M C. 

Langdell L.S. 

Latin-American  Professorship  of 
History  and  Economics C. 

Law  School  Book L.B. 

Law  School,  Gift  for  books  on 
criminology L.B. 

Law  School,  Endowment L. 

Law  School,  Max  Epstein  Loan, 
Harvard  Endowment  Fund ...       U. 

Law  School,  Gifts  for  general  pur- 
poses         L. 

Law  School,  Graduate  Fellowship, 
Harvard  Endowment  Fund ...       U. 

Law  School,  Harvard  Endowment 
Fund U. 

Law  School  Library L.B. 

Law  School  Library,  Harvard 
Endowment  Fund U. 

Law  School  Scholarship,  Harvard 
Endowment  Fund U. 

Law  School  Scholarship  for  first- 
year  student,  Harvard  Endow- 
ment Fund U. 

Law  School  Scholarship  for  first- 
year  student  f  rbm  Illinois,  Har- 
vard Endowment U. 

Law  School,  Sanford  Robinson 
Scholarship,  Harvard  Endowi- 
ment U. 

Lawrence,  A C. 

Lawrence,  J C. 

Lawrence  Scientific  School  Loans 
Repaid En. 

Leatherbee,  G.  H C. 

Lecompte,  W.  A M. 

Lee,  Elliot  C M. 

Lee,  H C. 

Lee,  H.,  Memorial C.F. 

Lee,  J U. 

Lee,  T.  (Reading) C. 

Levy,  H.  M.,  Loan  (College)  .  .   C.Be. 

Levy,  H.  M.,  Loan  (Law) L.S. 

Library  Books,  Gifts Lib. 

Library,  Gifts  for  equipment ....    Lib. 

Library,  Special  Gifts  for  ex- 
penses      Lib. 


Library,  Harvard  Endowment 
Fund U. 

Library,  Gift  for  Printing,  Har- 
vard Library  Notes Lib. 

Library,  Gift  for  equipment  of 
rest  room Lib. 

Iienow,  H Dv. 

Lilly,  Charles  Castner  Memorial, 
Harvard  Endowment  Fund  ...     U. 

Lincoln,  S C. 

Lindall,  M C.Be. 

Linder,  A.  H M.S. 

Loan,  The C.Be. 

Loan  Fund  (Graduate  School  of 
Arts  and  Sciences) C.Be. 

Locke,  Calvm  S C. 

Locke,  H.  W En. 

Lockwood,  M.  D.,  Memorial.  ...      M. 

Lodge,  G.  C.  and  J.  T.  Stickney, 
Memorial Lib. 

Loeb,  M C. 

Longstreth,  Morris U. 

Lovering,  J C. 

Lowell  (Books) Lib. 

Lowell  (Botanic  Garden) C. 

Lowell,  F.  C.  (Books) Lib. 

Lowell,  F.  C,  Memorial  (Peab. 

Mus.) P.M. 

Lowell,  G.  E C.S. 

Lowell,  H.  N M. 

Lowell,  J.  J Lib. 

Lowery,  Woodbury,  Memorial  . .       C. 

Lyman,  A.  T C. 

Lyman,  S.  B C.Be. 

Lyman,  S.  B.  (Loan,  balance)    .    C.Be. 

Lyman,  S.  B.  (Loan,  L.  S.  S.)  . .     En. 

Lyman,  T Ed. 

McCall,  C.  N C. 

Mack,  M.  J.  &  Jennie,  Loan L.S. 

Mack,  M.  J.  and  Jennie  Mack, 
Loan,  Harvard  Endowment 
Fund U. 

Mcllwain,  Robert  C Ed. 

McKay,  G.,  Endowment En. 

McLean C. 

McMaster,  Maria  E C. 

Manning,  Robert  F C.S. 

Markoe C.S. 

Massachusetts  Society  for  Pro- 
moting Agriculture A.  A. 

Matchett C. 

Mathematics,  Department  of 

(Books) C.G. 

Mathematics  Department  of,  Gift  C.G. 

Matthews C.S. 


276 


May,  George  O G.B. 

Mears,  J.  Ewing M. 

Mears,  J.  Ewing  (Scholarship) ...  M.S. 

Medical  Library M. 

Medical  Loan  Fund,  Class  of  1879  M.S. 
Medicine,  Department  of,  Labora- 
tory, Repayments M. 

Medical  Alumni M. 

Medical  Alumni,  Gifts M. 

Medical  Library,  Alpha  Omega 

Alpha  Gift M. 

Medical  Library,  Duplicate  Book     M. 

Medical  Library,  Gifts M. 

Medical  Library,  Charles  B.  Por- 
ter Hall M. 

Medical  School,  Anonymous  Gift 

for  Loans M.S. 

Medical  School,  Harvard  Endow- 
ment Fund U. 

Medical  School,  Research,  Har- 
vard Endowment  Fund U. 

Medical  School,  Gifts  for  Salaries      M. 
Medical  School,  Gift  for  addition 

to  salary M. 

Meeker,  William  H.,  '17,  Scholar- 
ship     C.S. 

Melvin,  James  C M. 

Merriam,  C Dv. 

Merrick C.S. 

Merrill,  Wainwright,  Memorial .  .    Lib. 
Metallurgical  Chemistry,  Gift  for 

Laboratory En. 

Meyer,  George  von  L M. 

Military  Science,  Department  of, 
Gift   for   developing   phototo- 

pography C.G. 

Military  Science,  Gifts  for  Instruc- 
tion in M. 

Mills,  A C.Be. 

Mineralogy  Department  of,  Gift 

for  Expenses C.G. 

Mineralogy,  Department  of,  Gift 

for  Microscope C.G. 

Mineralogy,  Department  of,  Gift 
for  working  tourmaline  deposit 

in  Maine C.G. 

Minot,  C Lib. 

Minot,  C.  S M. 

Moir,  E.  H C. 

Morey C.S. 

Morgan,  Henry  T U. 

Morris,  John  A.  Memorial,  Har- 
vard Endowment  Fund U. 

Moseley,  Julia  M M. 

Moseley,  W.  O M. 

Moseley,  W.  O.,  Jr M.F. 


Mower,  Thomas  G.  Memorial  ...       U. 

Mowlson,  Lady C.S. 

Municipal  Government,  Gift  for 

Bureau C.G. 

Munroe C.Be. 

Munson,  I U. 

Murphy,  W.  S Sund. 

Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology, 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund ...  U. 
Music  Building  Maintenance ....        C. 

Music  Department C. 

Music,  Department  of,  Harvard 

Endowment  Fund U. 

Music  Department  of,  Gifts.  .  .  .  C.G. 
Myers,  James  J.  (College) C. 

National  Canners'  Association  Gift   M. 

Naumburg,  Elkan  (Books) Lib. 

Naumburg,  Elkan  (Fellowship) . .  C.F. 

Neuropathological  Laboratory, 

Repayments M. 

New  England  Federation  of  Har- 
vard Clubs C.S. 

Newgate,  J C. 

New  Subscription M. 

Newsboys,  Boston.  . C.S. 

Nichols,  George Lib. 

Nichols,  H.  G C.S. 

Nichols,  L M. 

Noble,  W.  B C. 

Norton,  C.  E.  (Book) Lib. 

Norton,  C.  E.  (Fellowship) C.F. 

Nourse,  H.  S.  (Graduate  School 

of  Education) Ed. 

Nourse,  H.  S.  (University) U. 

Observatory  Endowment O. 

Observatory,  Gift  for  publishing 

Henry  Draper  catalogue O. 

Observatory,  Gift  for  Charles  S. 

Hinchman  Fellowship 0. 

Observatory,  Gift  for  publishing 

lunar  photographs O. 

Observatory,  Gift  for  E.  C.  Pick- 
ering Fellowship 0. 

Observatory,  Gift  for  publication, 

Vol.  91,  Observatory  Annals.  .  0. 
Observatory,    Library,    Harvard 

Endowment  Fund U. 

Oliver,  Henry  Kemble C. 

Oliver,  J.  P M.S. 

Ophthalmology,  Department  of, 

Gift  Physiological  Optics M. 

Osgood,  L Lib. 

Osgood,  L C.S. 

Osgood,  M Lib. 


277 


Paine  (Professorship) 0. 

Paine,  J.  K C.F. 

Paine,  Robert  Treat  (Fellowship)  C.F. 

Paine,  Robert  Treat  (Observa- 
tory)         O. 

Paine,  Robert  Troup Sund. 

Palestine  (Excavations) S.M. 

Palfrey  Exhibition C.S. 

Palmer,  G.  H C.S. 

Park,  T.  L C. 

Parker,  F.  E U. 

Parker,  J C.F. 

Parkman  (Fellowship) C.F. 

Parkman,  F.  (Professorship) ....     Dv. 

Parkman,  Francis,  Memorial ....    Lib. 

Parkman,  G.  F .'....       U. 

Parkman,  G.  F.  (Books) Lib. 

Parkman,  G.  F.  (Medical) M. 

Pathology,  Department  of,  Har- 
vard Endowment  Fund U. 

Pathology,  Department  of,  Gift 
Rockefeller  Institute  for  Medi- 
cal Research M. 

Pathology,  Department  of,  Mor- 
rill Wyman  Gift M. 

Pathological  Laboratory  Gift ....      M. 

Pathological  Laboratory  Repay- 
ments       M. 

Patria  Society C.P. 

Payson,  C.  E.,  Memorial  Free 
Bed M. 

Peabody,  A.  P.,  Memorial C.Be. 

Peabody  Building P.M. 

Peabody  Collection P.M. 

Peabody,  F.  G.  (College) C. 

Peabody,  F.  G.  Professorship 
(Divinity) Dv. 

Peabody,  G.  F C.S. 

Peabody  Museum,  Gifts  for  cur- 
rent use P.M. 

Peabody  Museum,  Harvard  En- 
dowment Fund U. 

Peabody  Professor P.M. 

Pediatrics,  Department  of,  T.  M. 
Rotch  Professorship M. 

Pence,  B.  O Lib. 

Peirce,  D.  H C. 

Peirce,  J.  M Lib. 

Peirce,  J.  M.  (Scholarship) C.S. 

Pennock,  Stanley  Bagg C.S. 

Pennoyer C.S. 

Perkins C. 

Perkins,  C.  E C.S. 

Perkins,  C.  E.,  Memorial Lib. 

Perkins,  R.  A C.S. 

Perkins,  W Ed. 


Permanent M.C.Z 

Permanent  Charity  Fund,  Inc., 
Gift  for  research M. 

Pharmacological  Laboratory,  Re- 
payments        M. 

Pharmacology,  Department  of, 
U.  S.  Interdepartmental  Social 
Hygiene  Board M. 

Philadelphia C.S. 

Phillips,  E.  B O. 

Phillips,  J C. 

Phillips,  W.,  Memorial C.S. 

Philosophy,  Department  of,  Books 
on  Eugenics C.G. 

Philosophy,  Department  of,  Phil- 
osophical Library  Gifts C.G. 

Philosophy,  Department  of,  Gift 
for  Professorship  of  Japanese 
Literature C.G. 

Philosophy,  Department  of,  Gift 
for  Special  Use  in  Psychological 
Laboratory C.G. 

Philosophy,  Department  of,  Gift 
for  expenses  of  publishing  Texts 
in  Scholastic  Philosophy C.G. 

Physical  Laboratory C. 

Physics,  Department  of,  Gift  for 
salary  of  laboratory  assistant .  .   C.G. 

Physiological  Laboratory,  Re- 
payments        M. 

Physiology,  Department  of,  Gift 
for  wages  of  secretary M. 

Pickering,  E.  C O. 

Pierce,  H.  L U. 

Pierce,  Henry  L.  (Residuary) 
(Medical) , M. 

Pierce,  H.  L.  (Residuary)  (Uni- 
versity)         U. 

Physics,  Department  of,  Gift  for 
High  Voltage  Electrical  Lab- 
oratory   C.G. 

Physics,  Department  of,  Gift  for 
Storage  Battery C.G. 

Pierce,  K.  C De. 

Plummer C. 

Political  Economy,  Lectures  on .  .       C. 

Pomroy,  W.  .  .  . Dv.S. 

Pope C. 

Porter,  C.  B M.S. 

Potter,  S.  A C.P. 

Potter,  S.  E.,  Endowment C. 

Pratt,  Elnathan C.S. 

President's U. 

Preventive  Medicine  and  Hygiene, 
Department  of,  Gift  for  Investi- 
gation of  Infantile  Paralysis.  .      M. 


278 


Preventive  Medicine  and  Hygiene, 
Department  of,  National  Can- 
ners'  Association M. 

Preventive  Medicine  and  Hygiene, 
Department  of,  Gift  for  Re- 
search       M. 

Prichard,  W.  M F.M. 

Princeton C.F. 

Printing  Courses,  Gift  for G.B. 

Problem  Material,  Gift  for  collec- 
tion of G.B. 

Proctor M. 

Proctor  (Dental) De. 

Proctor,  Emily  J M. 

Professorship  of  Engineering ....     En. 

Professorship  of  Latin- American 
History  and  Economics C. 

Publication  Fund,  Business  School  G.B. 

Putnam,  F.  W P.M. 

Putnam,  Dr.  James  Jackson,  Pro- 
fessorship        M. 

Quinby,  J.  W Dv. 

Quincy,  J 0. 

Randall,  J.  W F.M. 

Randall,  J.  W.  and  B.  L P.B. 

Recreation  Grounds  (Medical 
School) M. 

Reed,  W C.S. 

Read,  William,  Harvard  Endow- 
ment Fund U. 

Reinherz,  Julian  Henry,  Scholar- 
ship     C.S. 

Reisinger,  Hugo  (Books) Lib. 

Reisinger,  Hugo  (Germanic  Mu- 
seum)      G.M. 

Religious  Services,  Fund  for.  .  .  .        C. 

Research  Scholarship L.S. 

Retiring  Allowances U. 

Revere  Family  Memorial  Fund .  Arch. 

Ricardo  Prize C.S. 

Richardson,  M.  H.,  Memorial  . .      M. 

Richmond,  A.  C Dv. 

Robinson,  N.,  Jr Arch. 

Robinson,  N.,Jr.,  Additional.  ...       C. 

Robinson  Hall,  Gift  for  changes 
in  Libraries Arch. 

Robinson,  Sanford,  Harvard  En- 
dowment Fund U. 

Rockefeller  Institute  for  Medical 
Research  (Pathology) M. 

Rockefeller,  J.  D M. 

Rodger C.S. 

Rogers C.F. 


Rogers,  Ezekiel Ed. 

Rogers,  H.  B.  (Fellowship) C.F. 

Rogers,  H.  B.,  Memorial  (Scholar- 
ship)      C.S. 

Roosevelt  Research,  Gift  for  Fel- 
lowship      C.F. 

Ropes,  Eliza  O.  and  Marv  P C. 

Ropes,  N.,  Jr C.S. 

Rotch,  A Arch. 

Rotch,  A.  L B.H. 

Rotch,  T.  M.,  Professorship  in 
Pediatrics M. 

Royall L. 

Royce,  Josiah,  Memorial "     C. 

Royce,  Josiah,  Memorial,  Harvard 
Endowment  Fund U. 

Rumford C. 

Rumrill,  J.  A C.S. 

Ruppaner,  Dr M. 

Russell,  Daniel U. 

Russell,  E C.S. 

Russell,  J.  L.  (Botanic  Garden 
and  Gray  Herbarium) C. 

Russell,  J.  L.  (Divinity) Dv. 

Russell,  J.  L.  (Graduate  School 
of  Education) Ed. 

Russell,  Mary  F De. 

Sabine,  Wallace  C,  Memorial.  . .       C. 

Sachs  Research  Fellowship C.F. 

Salary,  Professor  De  Wulf,  Har- 
vard Endowment  Fund U. 

Sales  (Books) • Lib. 

Sales  (Prize) C.P. 

Sales  (Scholarship) C.S. 

Salisbury Lib. 

Salisbury,  S Lib. 

Saltonstall C.S. 

Saltonstall,  G A  ch. 

Saltonstall,  L C.S. 

Saltonstall,  M C.S. 

Sanskrit,  Department  of C.G. 

Sargent  Aimee B.H. 

Sargent,  J.  O C.P. 

Sargent,  Mary  Robeson A. A. 

Sargent,  Winthrop C.P. 

Savage,  J Sund. 

Sawin,  G.  W C. 

Sayles,  R.  W C. 

Sayles,  R.  W.,  Summer  Course  in 
Geology S.S. 

Schofield,  William  H C. 

Schofield,  William  H.,  Harvard 
Endowment  Fund IT. 

Scholarship  and  Beneficiary 
Money  Returned  (College)  .  .    C.Be. 


279 


Scholarship  and  Beneficiary 
Money  Returned,  Harvard  En- 
dowment Fund U. 

Scholarship  Money  Returned 
(Law) L.S. 

School  of  Comparative  Medicine .      M. 

School  of  Tropical  Medicine,  Har- 
vard Endowment  Fund U. 

Schurz,  H.,  Memorial  Free  Bed .  .      S.I. 

Scientific  Management,  Gift  for 
Books  and  Material  on G.B. 

Scudder,  G.  H M. 

Searle,  Dr.  Flavius  Memorial .  .  .  Sund. 

Searle,  M.  R U. 

Sears,  D O. 

Sears,  H.  F M. 

Sears,  Mrs.  J.  M.  (Arnold  Arbo- 
retum)    A.A. 

Sears,  J.  M.,  Jr.,  Memorial  .....    L.S. 

Sears,  P.  H. C.S. 

Sears,  Richard C.P. 

Semitic  Building Const. 

Semitic  Library C.G. 

Semitic  Museum,  Gifts S.M. 

Semitic  Museum,  Gifts  for  Collec- 
tions  S.M. 

Semitic  Museum,  Gifts  for  copy- 
ing Cuneiform  Tablets S.M. 

Semitic  Museum,  Gifts  for  exca- 
vations in  Palestine S.M. 

Sever  (Books) Lib. 

Sever  (Scholarship) C.S. 

Sewall C.S. 

Sewall,  J C.Be. 

Sewall,  Richard  Black  (Graduate 
School  of  Education) Ed. 

Sewall,  Richard  Black  (Univer- 
sity)         U. 

Sexton,  Lawrence  E U. 

Shaler  Memorial C. 

Shapleigh,  S Lib. 

Shattuck C.S. 

Shattuck,  F.  C M. 

Shattuck,  G.  C M. 

Shattuck,  G.  C,  Memorial M.F. 

Shaw,  H.  R C.F. 

Shaw,  Robert  Gould Lib. 

Sheldon,  A.  R Lib. 

Sheldon,  F Sund. 

Shepard,  R.  H P.B. 

Shepard,  R.  H.,  Memorial P.B. 

Shimmin C.S. 

Skillen  Memorial M. 

Skinner,  F.  (Arnold  Arboretum) .    A.A. 

Skinner,  F.  (Medical) M. 

Skinner,  Francis M.S. 


Skinner,  F.,  Jr A.A. 

Slade C.S. 

Smith C. 

Smith,  Archibald  L U. 

Smith,  Clement  L Lib. 

Smith,  D C.S. 

Smith,  Eugene  Hanes,  Scholar- 
ship       De. 

Smith,  Eugene  Hanes,  Scholar- 
ship, Harvard  Endowment  Fund    U. 

Smith,  G Const. 

Smith,  J.  W.,  Jr.,  Memorial De. 

Social  Ethics,  Department  of, 
Anonymous  Gift C.G. 

Social  Ethics,  Department  of, 
Gift  for  assistant C.G. 

Social  Ethics  Fellowship C.F. 

Social  Ethics,  Department  of, 
Gift  for  furnishing  rooms C.G. 

Social  Ethics,  Department  of, 
Library  Gifts C.G. 

Society  of  Friends  of  the  Fogg 
Art  Museum F.M. 

Sohier,  G.  B Lib. 

Sohier,  G.  B C.P. 

Somerville  Scholarship C.S. 

South  End  House C.F. 

Southwark  Public  Library,  Gift 
for  binding  books,  sent  to  ...  .  C.G. 

Spackman,  W.  M C. 

Spanish  American  Fellowship .  .  .   C.F. 

Spooner,  W.  B Dv. 

Starr,  Dillwyn  Parrish,  Memorial, 
Harvard  Endowment  Fund  ...       U. 

Stickney,  J Arch. 

Stillman,  J M. 

Stillman  Infirmary  Gift  (balance)     S.I. 

Stone,  H.  B C. 

Story -•••    C.S. 

Story,  A O. 

Stoughton    C.S. 

Straus,  I.,  Memorial G.B. 

Strobel,  E.  H.,  Memorial,  Class  of 
1877 Lib. 

Strobel,  E.  H.,  Memorial,  Siam  .  .    Lib. 

Strong,  C.  P M.S. 

Student  Loan  Fund,  Business 
School C.B. 

Subscription  for  Library Lib. 

Summer  School  Mining  Camp .  .  .     En. 

Summer  School  (Scholarships) ...     S.S. 

Sumner,  C.  (Books) Lib. 

Sumner,  C.  (Prize) C.P. 

Sumner,  C.  (Scholarship) C.S. 

Surgery,  Department  of,  Surgical 
Library M. 


280 


Surgery,  Department  of,  X-Ray 
Apparatus M. 

Surgical  Laboratory M. 

Surgical  Laboratory,  Repayments     M. 

Surgical  Pathology,  Department 
of,  Gift  of  J.  A.  L.  Blake M. 

Sweet,  Henry  N.,  Harvard  En- 
dowment Fund U. 

Sweetser,  I.  (Graduate  School  of 
Education) Ed. 

Sweetser,  I.  (Scholarship) M.S. 

Swett,  M.  W M. 

Swett,  S.  W M. 

Swift C.S. 

Syphilology,  Department  of, 
Aesculapian  Club  for  research 
work M. 

Taylor,  J.  T M.S. 

Taylor,  K.  M Lib. 

Teachers'  and  Pupils' M.C.Z. 

Teachers'  Endowment C. 

Thaw P.M. 

Thayer C.F. 

Thayer,  A.  W C.Be. 

Thayer,  B.  and  R.  S A.A. 

Thayer,    Ezra  Ripley,  Teaching 

Fellow L. 

Thayer,  J.  E C. 

Theory  and  Practice,  Anonymous 

Fund  in  the  Department  of .  . .      M. 

Thomas,  G C.S. 

Thorndike,  W.  H M. 

Three   Philosophers,   The,    Gilts 

for  purchase  of  painting U. 

Thyroid  Function  and  Thyroid 

Disease,  Gift M. 

Tileston,  T Dv. 

Toppan C.S. 

Toppan,  R.  N C.P. 

Torrey,  E Lib. 

Torrey,  H.  W C. 

Townsend C.S. 

Townsend,  M.  P Dv. 

Transportation,  Gift  for  Books  on  G.B. 

Treadwell,  D Lib. 

Treat,  J.  H Lib. 

Trees,  Gifts  for U. 

Tropical  Medicine,   Department 

of,  Gifts M. 

Tropical  Medicine,  Department 

of,  Gifts  for  Hospital Const. 

Trumbull,  Jonathan,  Harvard  En- 
dowment Fund U. 

Tucker,  I Lib. 

Tuckerman,  J.  and  L S.I. 


Tufts,  Q.  (College) C.Be. 

Tufts,  Q.  (Medical) M. 

Turner,  S Ed. 

20th  Mass.  Regiment  of  Volun- 
teer Infantry Lib. 

Tyler,  W.  R C.S. 

Tyndall,  J C.F. 

Ulrich,  G.  E.  Walter,  Memorial .  .  U. 

Underbill,  Z.  D M. 

United  States  Interdepartmental 

Social  Hygiene  Board M. 

Van  Duzee,  I.  D C.S. 

Van  Rensselaer  Memorial,  G.  G.  C.G. 

Villard,  H C. 

Visiting    Committee,    Expenses, 

Dental  School De. 

Wade,  Lee,  II C.P. 

Wadsworth,  B C.Be. 

Waite  Memorial  Fund C.Be. 

Walcott C.S. 

Walcott,  H.  P.  (Medical) M.F. 

Walcott,  H.  P.  (Stillman  Infir- 
mary)    S.I. 

Wales C. 

Wales  (Books) Lib. 

Walker,  J.  (Books) Lib. 

Walker,  J.  (Fellowship) C.F. 

War  Activities   Fund,  Gifts  for      U. 

War  Loan M. 

Ward,  S C. 

Ward,  T.  W Lib. 

Ward,  W Dv. 

Ware,  C.  E.,  Memorial M.F. 

Ware,  J.,  Memorial M.F. 

Warren  (Anatomical  Museum) .  .  M. 

Warren,  CM C. 

Warren,  Fiske U. 

Warren,  H.  C.  (College) C. 

Warren,  H.  C.  (Dental) De. 

Warren,  H.  C.  (Exploration) P.M. 

Warren,  S.  C P.M. 

Washburn,  P C.P. 

Waterhouse,  S C. 

Webster,  Major  Harrison  Briggs, 

U.  S.  A C.S. 

Weld  (Professorship) L. 

Weld,  CM C.S. 

Weld,    Stephen    M.,    Memorial, 

Harvard  Endowment  Fund ...  U. 

Weld,  W.  F U. 

Wells,  D.  A C.P. 

Welsh  Memorial,  J.  P Lib. 

Wendell,  E.  J Lib. 


281 


Wendell,  G C.S. 

Wendell,  J C.S. 

Wetzel,  Hervey  E F.M. 

Wheeler,  I.  S C. 

Wheeler,  S.  W En. 

Wheelock,  J C. 

Wheelwright,  Edward C. 

White,  Alfred  Tredway,  Endow- 
ment .  .  .  ; C. 

White,  James  C M. 

Whiting  (Fellowship) C.F. 

Whiting  (Scholarship) C.S. 

Whitney,  Edward  (Arnold  Arbo- 
retum)    A.A. 

Whitney,  Edward  (Engin.  School)    En. 

Whitney,  J.  D C.S. 

Whitney,  Maria M.C.Z. 

Whitney,  Maria  and  J.  L M.C.Z. 

Whitney,  M.  L .-.    C.S. 

Widener,  Harry  Elkins,  Memorial, 
Harvard  Endowment  Fund ...       U. 

Wigglesworth,  Edward M.S. 

Wigglesworth,  Edward,  Memorial  Sund. 
Wigglesworth,  Edward,  Professor- 
ship        M. 

Wilder,  Charles M. 

Wilder,  E C.P. 

Willard C.S. 

William,  Emperor ■ .  G.M. 


Williams,  D Trust. 

Williams,  H.  W M. 

Wilson,  D C. 

Winn Dv. 

Winslow,  S Trust. 

Winthrop,  R.  C P.M. 

Wister C.P. 

Wolcott,  H.  F P.M. 

Wolcott,  J.  H Lib. 

Woodbury,  Augustus  (College) .  .    C.S. 
Woodbury,  Augustus  (Divinity) .     Dv. 

Woodland  Hill B.I. 

Wright,  C Lib. 

Wright,  E Lib. 

Wright,  W.  J.  and  G.B M. 

Wyman,  C C.S. 

Wyman,  M C. 

Wyman,  Morrill,  Med.  Research      M. 

X-ray  Apparatus M. 

Y.  M.  C.  A.,  Law  School,  Gift  for 
Scholarship L.S. 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  National  War  Work 
Council,  Gift  for  scholarship  . .  C.S. 

Zoology,  Department  of,  Bermuda 
Biological  Station C.G. 


OFFICIAL  REGISTER  OF  HARVARD  UNIVERSITY 

[Entered  March  6,  1913,  at  Boston,  Mass.,  as  second-class  matter, 
under  Act  of  Congress  of  August  24,  1912.] 


Issued  at  Cambridge  Station,  Boston,  Mass.,  three  times  each, 
in  January,  February,  July,  August,  and  September ;  eight 
times  each,  in  March,  April,  May,  and  June ;  twice  each,  in 
October,  November,  and  December. 


These  publications  include  :  — 

The  Annual  Reports  of  the  President  and  of  the  Treasurer. 

The  Annual  University  Catalogue. 

The  Annual  Catalogues  of  the  College  and  the  several  Pro- 
fessional Schools  of  the  University ;  the  Descriptive  Pam- 
phlet; the  Announcements  of  the  several  Departments; 
etc.,  etc 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBANA 


3  0112  074971653 


w 


fin. 


I 


mm 


BDMi  DH 


